text:
Print Publication Year: 2015
Print ISBN: 9781107064720
Online Publication Date: May 2015
Online ISBN: 9781107587717
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107587717
Ruth DeFord's book explores how tactus, mensuration, and rhythm were employed to articulate form and shape in the period from c.1420 to c.1600. Divided into two parts, the book examines the theory and practice of rhythm in relation to each other to offer new interpretations of the writings of Renaissance music theorists. In the first part, DeFord presents the theoretical evidence, introduces the manuscript sources and explains the contradictions and ambiguities in tactus theory. The second part uses theory to analyse some of the best known repertories of Renaissance music, including works by Du Fay, Ockeghem, Busnoys, Josquin, Isaac, Palestrina, and Rore, and to shed light on composers' formal and expressive uses of rhythm. DeFord's conclusions have important implications for our understanding of rhythm and for the analysis, editing, and performance of music during the Renaissance period.
Cambridge Musical Texts and Monographs
Print Publication Year: 1993
Print ISBN: 9780521402668
Online Publication Date: November 2009
Online ISBN: 9780511597251
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511597251
David Rowland traces the history of piano pedaling from its beginnings in the eighteenth century to its first maturity in the middle of the nineteenth century and beyond. Pedaling technique was a major feature of nineteenth-century piano performance and, coupled with new developments in piano structure, inspired many composers to write innovative works for the literature. Rowland examines this through the technique and music of composer-pianists such as Beethoven, Liszt, and Chopin and follows the transition from harpsichord and clavichord to piano. The book also includes an appendix of translated extracts from three well-known piano-pedaling tutors.
Print Publication Year: 2012
Print ISBN: 9780521817059
Online Publication Date: June 2012
Online ISBN: 9781139024419
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139024419
Why do we sing and what first drove early humans to sing? How might they have sung and how might those styles have survived to the present day? This history addresses these questions and many more, examining singing as a historical and cross-cultural phenomenon. It explores the evolution of singing in a global context – from Neanderthal Man to Auto-tune via the infinite varieties of world music from Orient to Occident, classical music from medieval music to the avant-garde and popular music from vaudeville to rock and beyond. Considering singing as a universal human activity, the book provides an in-depth perspective on singing from many cultures and periods: western and non-western, prehistoric to present. Written in a lively and entertaining style, the history contains a comprehensive reference section for those who wish to explore the topic further and will appeal to an international readership of singers, students and scholars.
New Perspectives in Music History and Criticism (No. 4)
Print Publication Year: 1999
Print ISBN: 9780521631815
Online Publication Date: September 2009
Online ISBN: 9780511481697
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511481697
This book examines the intellectual history of instrumental music, in particular the idea of absolute music. It tries to show how certain ideas in philosophy, theology and the sciences affect the meaning and, indeed, the existence of instrumental music, and how, in turn, instrumental music is used to resolve or exemplify certain problems in modern culture. Instead of existing in a pure and autonomous form, music is woven back into the epistemological fabric and entangled with numerous discourses, thus demonstrating the centrality of music in the construction of meaning.
Print Publication Year: 2013
Print ISBN: 9781107008717
Online Publication Date: September 2013
Online ISBN: 9781139051804
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139051804
Gustav Mahler is often thought of as one of the last of the Romantic composers and, as a result his influence on the development of twentieth-century music has been little explored. In this ground-breaking study, Stephen Downes shows that Mahler's music was in fact greatly admired by major composers Benjamin Britten, Kurt Weill and Hans Werner Henze. Despite their initial admiration being notably dissonant with the prevailing Zeitgeist – Britten in 1930s England, Weill in 1920s Germany and Henze in 1950s Germany and Italy – Downes argues that Mahler's music struck a profound chord with them because of the powerful way in which it raised and intensified dystopian and utopian complexes and probed the possibility of fulfilment or redemption, an ambition manifest in ambiguous tonal, temporal and formal processes.
Print Publication Year: 2003
Print ISBN: 9780521771207
Online Publication Date: September 2009
Online ISBN: 9780511482014
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511482014
How do we "know" music? We perform it, compose it, sing it in the shower; cook, sleep and dance to it. Eventually we think and write about it. This book represents the culmination of such shared processes. Portraying a wide range of genres (rock, dance, TV soundtracks, country, pop, soul, easy listening, Turkish Arabesk), the essays cover methodology, modernism, postmodernism, Marxism and communication.
Print Publication Year: 2016
Print ISBN: 9781107139251
Online Publication Date: September 2016
Online ISBN: 9781316488584
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316488584
J. S. Bach composed some of the best-loved and most moving music in Western culture. Surviving mostly in manuscript collections, his music also exists in special and unique publications that reveal much about his life and thoughts as a composer. In this book, Peter Williams, author of the acclaimed J. S. Bach: A Life in Music, revisits Bach's biography through the lens of his music. Reviewing all of Bach's music chronologically, Williams discusses the music collection by collection to reveal the development of Bach's interests and priorities. While a great deal has been written about the composer's vocal works, Williams gives the keyboard music its proper emphasis, revealing it as crucial to Bach's biography, as a young organist and a mature composer, as a performer in public and teacher in private, and as a profound thinker in the language of music.
Musical Performance and Reception
Print Publication Year: 2012
Print ISBN: 9780521199018
Online Publication Date: March 2012
Online ISBN: 9781139003681
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139003681
Winner of the 2012 Ogasapian Book Prize from the The Organ Historical Society The organist seated at the king of instruments with thousands of pipes rising all around him, his hands busy at the manuals and his feet patrolling the pedalboard, is a symbol of musical self-sufficiency yielding musical possibilities beyond that of any other mode of solo performance. In this book, David Yearsley presents a new interpretation of the significance of the oldest and richest of European instruments, by investigating the German origins of the uniquely independent use of the feet in organ playing. Delving into a range of musical, literary and visual sources, Bach's Feet demonstrates the cultural importance of this physically demanding mode of music-making, from the blind German organists of the fifteenth century, through the central contribution of Bach's music and legacy, to the newly-pedaling organists of the British Empire and the sinister visions of Nazi propagandists.
Print Publication Year: 2015
Print ISBN: 9781107088603
Online Publication Date: March 2016
Online ISBN: 9781316105061
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316105061
In eighteenth-century Germany the universal harmony of God's creation and the perfection of its proportions still held philosophical, moral and devotional significance. Reproducing proportions close to the unity (1:1) across compositions could render them beautiful, perfect and even eternal. Using the principles of her groundbreaking theory of proportional parallelism and the latest source study research, Ruth Tatlow reveals how Bach used the number of bars to create numerical perfection across his published collections, and explains why he did so. The first part of the book illustrates the wide-ranging application of belief in the unity, showing how planning a well-proportioned structure was a normal compositional procedure in Bach's time. In the second part Tatlow presents practical demonstrations of this in Bach's works, illustrating the layers of proportion that appear within a movement, a work, between two works in a collection, across a collection and between collections.
Print Publication Year: 2017
Print ISBN: 9781107096578
Online Publication Date: July 2017
Online ISBN: 9781316156292
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781316156292
This is the first comprehensive study of the life and work of Bartolomeo Cristofori, the Paduan-born harpsichord maker and contemporary of Antonio Stradivari, who is credited with having invented the pianoforte around the year 1700 while working in the Medici court in Florence. Through thorough analysis of documents preserved in the State Archive of Florence, Pollens has reconstructed, in unprecedented technical detail, Cristofori's working life between his arrival in Florence in 1688 and his death in 1732. This book will be of interest to pianists, historians of the piano, musicologists, museum curators and conservators, as well as keyboard instrument makers, restorers, and tuners.
Musical Performance and Reception
Print Publication Year: 2010
Print ISBN: 9780521119597
Online Publication Date: July 2010
Online ISBN: 9780511730085
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511730085
The widely held belief that Beethoven was a rough pianist, impatient with his instruments, is not altogether accurate: it is influenced by anecdotes dating from when deafness had begun to impair his playing. Presenting a new, detailed biography of Beethoven's formative years, this book reviews the composer's early career, outlining how he was influenced by teachers, theorists and instruments. Skowroneck describes the development and decline of Beethoven's pianism, and pays special attention to early pianos, their construction and their importance for Beethoven and the modern pianist. The book also includes new discussions of legato and Beethoven's trills, and a complete annotated review of eyewitnesses' reports about his playing. Skowroneck presents a revised picture of Beethoven which traces his development from an impetuous young musician into a virtuoso in command of many musical resources.
Print Publication Year: 2014
Print ISBN: 9781107042704
Online Publication Date: September 2014
Online ISBN: 9781107337404
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107337404
Johannes Brahms was a consummate professional musician, a successful pianist, conductor, music director, editor and composer. Yet he also faithfully championed the world of private music-making, creating many works and arrangements for enjoyment in the home by amateurs. This collection explores Brahms' public and private musical identities from various angles: the original works he wrote with amateurs in mind; his approach to creating piano arrangements of not only his own, but also other composers' works; his relationships with his arrangers; the deeper symbolism and lasting legacy of private music-making in his day; and a hitherto unpublished memoir which evokes his Viennese social world. Using Brahms as their focus point, the contributors trace the overlapping worlds of public and private music-making in the nineteenth century, discussing the boundaries between the composer's professional identity and his lifelong engagement with amateur music-making.
Print Publication Year: 1987
Print ISBN: 9780521241595
Online Publication Date: June 2014
Online ISBN: 9781107049901
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107049901
The accounts of Chopin's pupils, acquaintances and contemporaries, together with his own writing, provide valuable insights into the musician's pianistic and stylistic practice, his teaching methods and his aesthetic beliefs. This unique collection of documents, edited and annotated by Jean-Jacques Eigeldinger, reveals Chopin as teacher and interpreter of his own music. Included in this study is extensive appendix material that presents annotated scores, and personal accounts of Chopin's playing by pupils, writers, and critics.
Print Publication Year: 2012
Print ISBN: 9780521760713
Online Publication Date: October 2012
Online ISBN: 9781139027977
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139027977
Most histories of nineteenth-century music portray 'the people' merely as an audience, a passive spectator to the music performed around it. Yet, in this reappraisal of choral singing and public culture, Minor shows how a burgeoning German bourgeoisie sang of its own collective aspirations, mediated through the voice of celebrity composers. As both performer and idealized community, the chorus embodied the possibilities and limitations of a participatory, national identity. Starting with the many public festivals at which the chorus was a featured participant, Minor's account of the music written for these occasions breaks new ground not only by taking seriously these often-neglected works, but also by showing how the contested ideals of German nationhood suffused the music itself. In situating both music and festive culture within the milieu of German bourgeois liberals, this study uncovers new connections between music and politics during a century that sought to redefine both spheres.
Print Publication Year: 1991
Print ISBN: 9780521363099
Online Publication Date: December 2009
Online ISBN: 9780511586118
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511586118
Following the successful volumes of Song on Record, this book surveys all the recordings of major choral works from the Monteverdi Vespers to Britten's War Requiem. Discussion of the various interpretations on record is preceded, in each chapter, by informed criticism of the work concerned, including--where appropriate--a clarification of editions, revisions, etc. (all the many changes in Messiah are, for instance, described in detail). The coverage of recordings is exhaustive and its value is enhanced by a detailed discography, with up-to-date numbers of each recording. Each contributor is an authority within his or her specialist area and collectively, their insights and observations of leading music critics make the book invaluable to record collectors, music lovers and anyone with an interest in changing tastes and styles of musical performance. Alan Blyth, formerly with The Times (London) is now the music critic of The Daily Telegraph. He is on the editorial board of Opera, the editor of the three-volume Opera on Record and two-volume Song on Record (CUP), as well as author of Remembering Britten and Introduction to Wagner's Ring.
Print Publication Year: 2008
Print ISBN: 9780521888295
Online Publication Date: September 2009
Online ISBN: 9780511481376
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511481376
Written by ten leading scholars, this volume assembles studies of eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century music under the broad rubric of communication. That such an impulse motivates musical composition and performance in this period of European musical history is often acknowledged but seldom examined in depth. The book explores a broad set of issues, ranging from the exigencies of the market for books and music in the eighteenth century through to the deployment of dance topoi in musical composition. A number of close readings of individual works by Mozart, Haydn and Beethoven draw on a sophisticated body of historically-appropriate technical resources to illuminate theories of form, metre, bass lines and dance topoi. Students and scholars of music history, theory and analysis will find in this volume a set of challenging, state-of-the-art essays that will stimulate debate about musical meaning and engender further study.
Print Publication Year: 1992
Print ISBN: 9780521235280
Online Publication Date: September 2009
Online ISBN: 9780511470271
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511470271
Until recently, early recordings were regarded as little more than old-fashioned curiosities by musicians. Scholars and musicians now are beginning to realise their importance as historical documents which preserve the performance of composers and the musicians with whom they worked. In this fascinating study, Robert Philip argues that recordings of the early twentieth-century provide an important and hitherto neglected resource in the history of musical performance. The book concentrates on aspects of performance which underwent the greatest change in the early twentieth century, including rhythm, rubato, vibrato, and portamento. The final chapters explore some of the implications of these changes, both for the study of earlier periods and for the understanding of our own attitudes to the music of the past.
Cambridge Introductions to Music
Print Publication Year: 2013
Print ISBN: 9781107010932
Online Publication Date: May 2013
Online ISBN: 9780511820540
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511820540
This accessible Introduction explores both mainstream and experimental manifestations of electronic music. From early recording equipment to the most recent multimedia performances, the history of electronic music is full of interesting characters, fascinating and unusual music, and radical technology. Covering many different eras, genres and media, analyses of works appear alongside critical discussion of central ideas and themes, making this an essential guide for anyone approaching the subject for the first time. Chapters include key topics from synth pop to sound art, from electronic dance music to electrical instruments, and from the expression of pure sound to audiovisuals. Highly illustrated and with a wide selection of examples, the book provides many suggestions for further reading and listening to encourage students to begin their own experiments in this exciting field.
Print Publication Year: 2012
Print ISBN: 9780521113625
Online Publication Date: September 2012
Online ISBN: 9781139030755
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139030755
Over the course of an astonishingly long career, Elliott Carter has engaged with many musical developments of the twentieth and now twenty-first centuries – from his early neo-classic music of the interwar period, to his modernist works of conflict and opposition in the 1960s and 1970s, to the reshaping of a modernist aesthetic in his latest compositions. Elliott Carter Studies throws new light on these many facets of Carter's extensive musical oeuvre. This collection of essays presents historic, philosophic, philological and theoretical points of departure for in-depth investigations of individual compositions, stylistic periods in Carter's output and his contributions to a variety of genres, including vocal music, the string quartet and the concerto. The first multi-authored book to appear on Carter's music, it brings together new research from a distinguished team of leading international Carter scholars, providing the reader with a wide range of perspectives on an extraordinary musical life.
Print Publication Year: 2016
Print ISBN: 9781107118324
Online Publication Date: April 2016
Online ISBN: 9781316339633
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316339633
Innovations in music technology bring with them a new set of challenges for describing and understanding the electroacoustic repertoire. This edited collection presents a state-of-the-art overview of analysis methods for electroacoustic music in this rapidly developing field. The first part of the book explains the needs of differing electroacoustic genres and puts forward a template for the analysis of electroacoustic music. Part II discusses the latest ideas in the field and the challenges associated with new technologies, while Part III explores how analyses have harnessed the new forces of multimedia, and includes an introduction to new software programme EAnalysis, which was created by the editors as the result of an Arts and Humanities Research Council grant. The final part of the book demonstrates these new methods in action, with analyses of key electroacoustic works from a wide range of genres and sources.
Print Publication Year: 2016
Print ISBN: 9781107134584
Online Publication Date: March 2016
Online ISBN: 9781316471043
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316471043
David Damschroder's ongoing reformulation of harmonic theory continues with a dynamic exploration of how Beethoven molded and arranged chords to convey bold conceptions. This book's introductory chapters are organized in the manner of a nineteenth-century Harmonielehre, with individual considerations of the tonal system's key features illustrated by easy-to-comprehend block-chord examples derived from Beethoven's piano sonatas. In the masterworks section that follows, Damschroder presents detailed analyses of movements from the symphonies, piano and violin sonatas, and string quartets, and compares his outcomes with those of other analysts, including William E. Caplin, Robert Gauldin, Nicholas Marston, William J. Mitchell, Frank Samarotto, and Janet Schmalfeldt. Expanding upon analytical practices from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and strongly influenced by Schenkerian principles, this fresh perspective offers a stark contrast to conventional harmonic analysis – both in terms of how Roman numerals are deployed and how musical processes are described in words.
Print Publication Year: 2015
Print ISBN: 9781107108578
Online Publication Date: July 2015
Online ISBN: 9781316258095
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316258095
Chopin's oeuvre holds a secure place in the repertoire, beloved by audiences, performers, and aesthetes. In Harmony in Chopin, David Damschroder offers a new way to examine and understand Chopin's compositional style, integrating Schenkerian structural analyses with an innovative perspective on harmony and further developing ideas and methods put forward in his earlier books Thinking about Harmony, Harmony in Schubert, and Harmony in Haydn and Mozart. Reinvigorating and enhancing some of the central components of analytical practice, this study explores notions such as assertion, chordal evolution (surge), collision, dominant emulation, unfurling, and wobble through analyses of all forty-three Mazurkas Chopin published during his lifetime. Damschroder also integrates analyses of eight major works by Chopin with detailed commentary on the contrasting perspectives of other prominent Chopin analysts. This provocative and richly detailed book will help transform readers' own analytical approaches.
Print Publication Year: 2015
Print ISBN: 9781107093744
Online Publication Date: May 2015
Online ISBN: 9781316145326
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316145326
This collection of essays celebrates the work of Sir Harrison Birtwistle, one of the key figures in European contemporary music. Representing current research on Birtwistle's music, this book reflects the diversity of his work in terms of periods, genres, forms, techniques and related issues through a wide-range of critical, theoretical and analytical interpretations and perspectives. Written by a team of international scholars, all of whom bring a deep research-based knowledge and insight to their chosen study, this collection extends the scholarly understanding of Birtwistle through new engagements with the man and the music. The contributors provide detailed studies of Birtwistle's engagement with electronic music in the 1960s and 1970s, and develop theoretical explanations of his fascination with pulse, rhythm and time. They also explore in detail Birtwistle's interest in poetry, instrumental drama, gesture, procession and landscape, and consider the compositional processes that underpin these issues.
Cambridge Musical Texts and Monographs
Print Publication Year: 1995
Print ISBN: 9780521454285
Online Publication Date: December 2009
Online ISBN: 9780511518300
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511518300
Agricola published Introduction to the Art of Singing in Germany in 1757, consisting of the 1723 treatise of the Italian singing teacher and castrato, Tosi, to which Agricola added his own running commentary. The Introduction was recognized as invaluable not only for teachers and their pupils but also for advanced singers and professionals. This present edition, translated with introduction and annotations by the celebrated singer Julianne Baird, makes Agricola's work available for the first time in English. Tosi's work was the first basic treatise on singing; Agricola, a pupil of J.S. Bach at the court of Frederick the Great, brought Tosi's work "up-to-date." His commentaries are so extensive that the Introduction stands on its own as an important document in the history of performance practice.
Print Publication Year: 2007
Print ISBN: 9780521870740
Online Publication Date: December 2009
Online ISBN: 9780511481864
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511481864
Peter Williams approaches afresh the life and music of arguably the most studied of all composers, interpreting both Bach's life by deconstructing his original obituary in the light of more recent information and his music by evaluating his priorities and irrepressible creative energy. How, even though belonging to musical families on both his parents' sides, did he come to possess so bewitching a sense of rhythm and melody and a mastery of harmony that established nothing less than a norm in Western culture? In considering that the works of a composer are his biography, the book's title A Life in Music means both a life spent making music and one revealed in the music as we know it. A distinguished scholar and performer, Williams re-examines Bach's life as an orphan and family man, as an extraordinarily gifted composer and player and as an ambitious artist who never suffered fools gladly.
Print Publication Year: 2017
Print ISBN: 9781107169777
Online Publication Date: March 2017
Online ISBN: 9781316755228
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781316755228
Jazz Italian Style explores a complex era in music history, when politics and popular culture collided with national identity and technology. When jazz arrived in Italy at the conclusion of World War I, it quickly became part of the local music culture. In Italy, thanks to the gramophone and radio, many Italian listeners paid little attention to a performer's national and ethnic identity. Nick LaRocca (Italian-American), Gorni Kramer (Italian), the Trio Lescano (Jewish-Dutch), and Louis Armstrong (African-American), to name a few, all found equal footing in the Italian soundscape. The book reveals how Italians made jazz their own, and how, by the mid-1930s, a genre of jazz distinguishable from American varieties and supported by Mussolini began to flourish in Northern Italy and in its turn influenced Italian-American musicians. Most importantly, the book recovers a lost repertoire and an array of musicians whose stories and performances are compelling and well worth remembering.
Print Publication Year: 2004
Print ISBN: 9780521836616
Online Publication Date: November 2009
Online ISBN: 9780511481703
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511481703
What makes a classical song a song? Covering such contrasting composers as Brahms and Berberian, Schubert and Kurtág, Jonathan Dunsby considers the nature of vocality in songs of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The essence and scope of poetic and literary meaning in the Lied tradition is subject to close scrutiny against the backdrop of "new musicological" thinking and music-theoretical orthodoxies. The reader is thus offered the best insights available within an evidence-based approach to musical discourse.
Print Publication Year: 2015
Print ISBN: 9781107062634
Online Publication Date: June 2015
Online ISBN: 9781107477193
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107477193
The manuscript sources of medieval song rarely fit the description of 'songbook' easily. Instead, they are very often mixed compilations that place songs alongside other diverse contents, and the songs themselves may be inscribed as texts alone or as verbal and musical notation. This book looks afresh at these manuscripts through ten case studies, representing key sources in Latin, French, German, and English from across Europe during the Middle Ages. Each chapter is authored by a leading expert and treats a case study in detail, including a listing of the manuscript's overall contents, a summary of its treatment in scholarship, and up-to-date bibliographical references. Drawing on recent scholarly methodologies, the contributors uncover what these books and the songs within them meant to their medieval audience and reveal a wealth of new information about the original contexts of songs both in performance and as committed to parchment.
Print Publication Year: 2011
Print ISBN: 9781107005785
Online Publication Date: November 2011
Online ISBN: 9780511794384
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511794384
Felix Mendelssohn has long been viewed as one of the most historically minded composers in western music. This book explores the conceptions of time, memory and history found in his instrumental compositions, presenting an intriguing new perspective on his ever-popular music. Focusing on Mendelssohn's innovative development of cyclic form, Taylor investigates how the composer was influenced by the aesthetic and philosophical movements of the period. This is of key importance not only for reconsideration of Mendelssohn's work and its position in nineteenth-century culture, but also more generally concerning the relationship between music, time and subjectivity. One of very few detailed accounts of Mendelssohn's music, the study presents a new and provocative reading of the meaning of the composer's work by connecting it to wider cultural and philosophical ideas.
Print Publication Year: 2012
Print ISBN: 9781107002487
Online Publication Date: May 2012
Online ISBN: 9780511751455
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511751455
Internationally renowned scholars and performers present a wide range of new analytical, historical and critical perspectives on some of Mozart's most popular chamber music: his sonatas with violin, keyboard trios and quartets and the quintet with wind instruments. The chapters trace a broad chronology, from the childhood works, to the Mannheim and Paris sonatas with keyboard and violin, and the mature compositions from his Vienna years. Drawing upon the most recent research, this study serves the reader, be they a performer, listener or scholar, with a collection of writings that demonstrate the composer's innovative developments to generic archetypes and which explore and assess Mozart's creative response to the opportunities afforded by new and diverse instrumental combinations. Manners of performance of this music far removed from our own are revealed, with concluding chapters considering historically informed practice and the challenges for modern performers and audiences.
Print Publication Year: 2012
Print ISBN: 9780521198370
Online Publication Date: July 2012
Online ISBN: 9781139027021
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139027021
Presenting a fresh interpretation of Mozart's Requiem, Simon P. Keefe redresses a longstanding scholarly imbalance whereby narrow consideration of the text of this famously incomplete work has taken precedence over consideration of context in the widest sense. Keefe details the reception of the Requiem legend in general writings, fiction, theatre and film, as well as discussing criticism, scholarship and performance. Evaluation of Mozart's work on the Requiem turns attention to the autograph score, the document in which myths and musical realities collide. Franz Xaver Süssmayr's completion (1791–2) is also re-appraised and the ideological underpinnings of modern completions assessed. Overall, the book affirms that Mozart's Requiem, fascinating for interacting musical, biographical, circumstantial and psychological reasons, cannot be fully appreciated by studying only Mozart's activities. Broad-ranging hermeneutic approaches to the work, moreover, supersede traditionally limited discursive confines.
Print Publication Year: 2012
Print ISBN: 9781107023444
Online Publication Date: October 2012
Online ISBN: 9781139151191
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139151191
Coronations are the grandest of all state occasions. This is the first comprehensive in-depth study of the music that was performed at British coronations from 1603 to the present, encompassing the sixteen coronations that have taken place in Westminster Abbey and the last two Scottish coronations. Range describes how music played a crucial role at the coronations and how the practical requirements of the ceremonial proceedings affected its structure and performance. The programme of music at each coronation is reconstructed, accompanied by a wealth of transcriptions of newly discovered primary source material, revealing findings that lead to fresh conclusions about performance practices. The coronation ceremonies are placed in their historical context, including the political background and the concept of invented traditions. The study is an invaluable resource not only for musicologists and historians, but also for performers, providing a fascinating insight into the greatest of all Royal events.
Print Publication Year: 2014
Print ISBN: 9781107043947
Online Publication Date: April 2014
Online ISBN: 9781107358287
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107358287
Discussions surrounding music and ethical responsibility bring to mind arguments about legal ownership and purchase. Yet the many ways in which we experience music with others are usually overlooked. Musical experience and practice always involve relationships with other people, which can place limitations on how we listen to and act upon music. In Music and Ethical Responsibility, Jeff Warren challenges current approaches to music and ethics, drawing upon philosopher Emmanuel Levinas's theory that ethics is the responsibilities that arise from our encounters with other people. Warren examines ethical responsibilities in musical experiences including performing other people's music, noise, negotiating musical meaning, and improvisation. Revealing the diverse roles that music plays in the experience of encountering others, Warren argues that musicians, researchers, and listeners should place ethical responsibility at the heart of musical practices.
Cambridge Musical Texts and Monographs
Print Publication Year: 1994
Print ISBN: 9780521433273
Online Publication Date: December 2009
Online ISBN: 9780511597312
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511597312
In considering the role of practical music in education this book explores the art of performance in Germany during the Baroque period. The author examines the large number of surviving treatises and instruction manuals used in the Lutheran schools during the period 1530-1800 and builds up a picture of the function and status of music in both school and church. This understanding of music as a functional art--musica practica--in turn gives us insight into contemporary performance of the sacred work of Praetorius, SchÜtz, Buxtehude or Bach.
Print Publication Year: 1984
Print ISBN: 9780521241618
Online Publication Date: April 2011
Online ISBN: 9780511552397
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511552397
Uniquely among histories of mediaeval music, this book is specifically devoted to the vast repertory of monophonic music. Too often treated as a preamble to polyphony, this music forms the basis of Europe's musical tradition. (A companion volume by F. A. Gallo, forthcoming in English translation, covers polyphonic music of the Middle Ages.) Giulio Cattin outlines the birth and evolution of Christian chant in the early centuries of the Church and describes a number of partly independent Byzantine and Western chant traditions. Fr Cattin's own background in the Church gives a particular authority to his writing on liturgical music, and he presents the latest original research without being too technical. In addition to offshoots of the main liturgical tradition such as tropes, metrical offices and liturigical drama, Fr Cattin covers the birth of secular music, first in Latin monody, and then in a growing variety of music in vernacular languages - the Italian laude and the lyrics of the Provençal troubadours, the French trouvères and the German Minnesinger. Chapters on early instrumental music and on the philosopher's view of the ars musica complete the book.
Cambridge Introductions to Music
Print Publication Year: 2015
Print ISBN: 9780521866484
Online Publication Date: February 2015
Online ISBN: 9780511843068
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511843068
The term 'music sketch' relates to the vast variety of documents that are used by composers to work out a musical technique or idea and to prepare their work for performance or publication. These documents can often provide crucial insights into authorship, biography, editorial practice and musical analysis. This Introduction provides students and scholars with the knowledge and skills they need to embark on research projects involving the study of composers' working documents. Presenting examples of the compositional process over a 400-year period, it includes a selection of detailed case studies on how sketches were created and the techniques that were used, such as transcription and the sorting of loose leaves. Numerous illustrations of manuscripts and autographs, many of which have never been published before, show how these vital documents can be used to better understand the compositional processes of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
Print Publication Year: 2013
Print ISBN: 9781107014343
Online Publication Date: September 2013
Online ISBN: 9781139013741
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139013741
Musical Creativity in Restoration England is the first comprehensive investigation of approaches to creating music in late seventeenth-century England. Understanding creativity during this period is particularly challenging because many of our basic assumptions about composition – such as concepts of originality, inspiration and genius – were not yet fully developed. In adopting a new methodology that takes into account the historical contexts in which sources were produced, Rebecca Herissone challenges current assumptions about compositional processes and offers new interpretations of the relationships between notation, performance, improvisation and musical memory. She uncovers a creative culture that was predominantly communal, and reveals several distinct approaches to composition, determined not by individuals, but by the practical function of the music. Herissone's new and original interpretations pose a fundamental challenge to our pre-conceptions about what it meant to be a composer in the seventeenth century and raise broader questions about the interpretation of early modern notation.
Print Publication Year: 2002
Print ISBN: 9780521783002
Online Publication Date: June 2012
Online ISBN: 9780511811739
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511811739
This book unravels the complexities of playing music and reveals aspects of learning, playing and responding to music relevant to performances of all levels. A survey of performance through the ages leads to a presentation of basic historical, analytical and psychological concepts. Four chapters follow on teaching, development, practice and memorization. The next section considers the "translation" from score to sound, physical projection, ensemble playing and performance anxiety. The final section addresses the act of listening, the legacy of recordings, music criticism and "performers on performance".
Print Publication Year: 2017
Print ISBN: 9781107180840
Online Publication Date: September 2017
Online ISBN: 9781316848333
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781316848333
Presupposing no specialist musical knowledge, this book offers a fresh perspective on the dramatic role of music in the plays of Shakespeare and his early seventeenth-century contemporaries. Simon Smith argues that many plays used music as a dramatic tool, inviting culturally familiar responses to music from playgoers. Music cues regularly encouraged audiences to listen, look, imagine or remember at dramatically critical moments, shaping meaning in plays from The Winter's Tale to A Game at Chess, and making theatregoers active and playful participants in playhouse performance. Drawing upon sensory studies, theatre history, material texts, musicology and close reading, Smith argues for the importance of music in familiar and less well-known plays including Antony and Cleopatra, Othello, The Revenger's Tragedy, Sophonisba, The Spanish Gypsy and A Woman Killed With Kindness.
Print Publication Year: 2013
Print ISBN: 9781107033290
Online Publication Date: April 2013
Online ISBN: 9781139519571
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139519571
New Music at Darmstadt explores the rise and fall of the so-called 'Darmstadt School,' through a wealth of primary sources and analytical commentary. Martin Iddon's book examines the creation of the Darmstadt New Music Courses and the slow development and subsequent collapse of the idea of the Darmstadt School, showing how participants in the West German new music scene, including Herbert Eimert and a range of journalistic commentators, created an image of a coherent entity, despite the very diverse range of compositional practices on display at the courses. The book also explores the collapse of the seeming collegiality of the Darmstadt composers, which crystallised around the arrival there in 1958 of the most famous, and notorious, of all post-war composers, John Cage, an event Carl Dahlhaus opined 'swept across the European avant-garde like a natural disaster.'
Print Publication Year: 2015
Print ISBN: 9781107004269
Online Publication Date: January 2015
Online ISBN: 9780511783661
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511783661
Opera Acts explores a wealth of new historical material about singers in the late nineteenth century and challenges the idea that this was a period of decline for the opera singer. In detailed case studies of four figures - the late Verdi baritone Victor Maurel; Bizet's first Carmen, Célestine Galli-Marié; Massenet's muse of the 1880s and '90s, Sibyl Sanderson; and the early Wagner star Jean de Reszke - Karen Henson argues that singers in the late nineteenth century continued to be important, but in ways that were not conventionally "vocal". Instead they enjoyed a freedom and creativity based on their ability to express text, act and communicate physically, and exploit the era's media. By these and other means, singers played a crucial role in the creation of opera up to the end of the nineteenth century.
Print Publication Year: 2015
Print ISBN: 9781107040953
Online Publication Date: January 2015
Online ISBN: 9781139644365
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139644365
Organisational theorists have become increasingly interested in the creative industries, where practices that are commonplace are of particular interest to organisations in other sectors as they look for new ways to enhance performance. Focusing on the music industry, this book sets up a unique dialogue between leading organisational theorists and music professionals. Part I explores links between organisation theory and the creative industries literature, concentrating on practices of organising and knowledge mobilisation, followed by an in-depth discussion of key theoretical concepts by subject experts. Part II provides a diverse range of 'tales from the field', including examples from classical orchestras, folk, indie and punk. The concluding chapter examines the shared dialogue to reveal what practice in the musical field can learn from organisational theory, and vice versa. This innovative book will interest graduate students and researchers in the fields of organisation studies, music management and the creative industries.
Cambridge Cultural Social Studies
Print Publication Year: 2015
Print ISBN: 9781107100862
Online Publication Date: October 2015
Online ISBN: 9781316181478
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316181478
Although competitions in classical music have a long history, the number of contests has risen dramatically since the Second World War, all of them aiming to launch young artists' careers. This is not the symptom of marketization that it might appear to be. Despite the establishment of an international governing body, competitions are plagued by rumors of corruption, and even the most mathematically sophisticated voting system cannot quell accusations that the best talent is overlooked. Why do musicians take part? Why do audiences care so much about who wins? Performing Civility is the first book to address these questions. In this groundbreaking study, Lisa McCormick draws from firsthand observations of contests in Europe and the US, in-depth interviews with competitors, jurors and directors, as well as blog data from competition observers to argue that competitions have endured because they are not only about music, they are also about civility.
Print Publication Year: 2016
Print ISBN: 9781107062658
Online Publication Date: October 2016
Online ISBN: 9781107477216
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107477216
Pierre Boulez is acknowledged as one of the most important composers in contemporary musical life. This collection explores his works, influence, reception and legacy, shedding new light on Boulez's music and its historical and cultural contexts. In two sections that focus firstly on the context of the 1940s and 1950s and secondly on the development of the composer's style, the contributors address recurring themes such as Boulez's approach to the serial principle and the related issues of form and large-scale structure. Featuring excerpts from Boulez's correspondence with a range of his contemporaries here published for the first time, the book illuminates both Boulez's relationship with them and his thinking concerning the challenges which confronted both him and other leading figures of the European avant-garde. In the final section, three chapters examine Boulez's relationship with audiences in the United Kingdom, and the development of the appreciation of his music.
Musical Performance and Reception
Print Publication Year: 2002
Print ISBN: 9780521813525
Online Publication Date: December 2009
Online ISBN: 9780511613555
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511613555
Why do we feel the need to perform music in a historically informed style? Is this need related to wider cultural concerns? In this challenging study, John Butt sums up recent debates on the nature of the early music movement, calling upon a seemingly inexhaustible fund of ideas gleaned from historical musicology, analytic philosophy, literary theory, historiography and theories of modernism and postmodernism. He develops the critical views of both supporters and detractors, claiming ultimately that it has more intellectual and artistic potential than its detractors may have assumed.
Print Publication Year: 1995
Print ISBN: 9780521471985
Online Publication Date: February 2012
Online ISBN: 9780511895500
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511895500
This volume of essays by the distinguished musicologist Charles Hamm focuses on the context of popular music and its interrelationships with other styles and genres, including classical music, the meaning of popular music for audiences, and the institutional appropriation of this music for hegemonic purposes. Specific topics include the use of popular song to rouse anti-slavery sentiment in mid-nineteenth-century America, the reception of such African-American styles and genres as rock 'n' roll and soul music by the black population of South Africa, the question of genre in the early songs of Irving Berlin, the attempts by the governments of South Africa and China to impose specific bodies of music on their populations, and the impact of modernist modes of thought on writing about popular music.
Print Publication Year: 2013
Print ISBN: 9781107021570
Online Publication Date: April 2013
Online ISBN: 9781139109413
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139109413
Representation in Western Music offers a comprehensive study of the roles of representation in the composition, performance and reception of Western music. In recent years, there has been increasing academic interest in questions of musical interpretation and meaning and in music's interactions with other artistic media, and yet no book has dealt extensively with representation's important role in these processes. This volume presents new research about musical representation, with particular focus on Western art and popular music from the nineteenth century to the present day. It assembles essays by an international assortment of leading scholars on a range of subjects including instrumental music, opera, popular song, ballet, cinema and the music video. Individual sections address representation, interpretation and musical meaning; music's relationships with visual forms of representation; musical representation in dramatic forms; and the functions of music in the representation of identity.
Print Publication Year: 2015
Print ISBN: 9781107026674
Online Publication Date: December 2014
Online ISBN: 9781139208451
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139208451
Two decades after the publication of several landmark scholarly collections on music and difference, musicology has largely accepted difference-based scholarship. This collection of essays by distinguished contributors is a major contribution to this field, covering the key issues and offering an array of individual case studies and methodologies. It also grapples with the changed intellectual landscape since the 1990s. Criticism of difference-based knowledge has emerged from within and outside the discipline, and musicology has had to confront new configurations of difference in a changing world. This book addresses these and other such challenges in a wide-ranging theoretical introduction that situates difference within broader debates over recognition and explores alternative frameworks, such as redistribution and freedom. Voicing a range of perspectives on these issues, this collection reveals why differences and similarities among people matter for music and musical thought.
Music in the Twentieth Century (No. 24)
Print Publication Year: 2007
Print ISBN: 9780521851664
Online Publication Date: September 2009
Online ISBN: 9780511481987
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511481987
No composer was more responsible for changes in the landscape of twentieth-century music than Arnold Schoenberg (1874–1951) and no other composer's music inspired a commensurate quantity and quality of technical description in the second half of the twentieth century. Yet there is still little understanding of the correlations between Schoenberg's musical thought and larger questions of cultural significance in and since his time: the formalistic descriptions of music theory do not generally engage larger questions in the history of ideas and scholars without understanding of the formidable musical technique are ill-equipped to understand the music with any profundity of thought. Schoenberg's Musical Imagination is intended to connect Schoenberg's music and critical writings to a larger world of ideas. While most technical studies of Schoenberg's music are limited to a single compositional period, this book traces changes in his attitudes as a composer and their impact on his ever-changing compositional style over the course of his remarkable career.
Print Publication Year: 2013
Print ISBN: 9780521191784
Online Publication Date: March 2013
Online ISBN: 9781139017954
Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139017954
Stravinsky's reinvention in the early 1920s, as both neoclassical composer and concert-pianist, is here placed at the centre of a fundamental reconsideration of his whole output – viewed from the unprecedented perspective of his relationship with the piano. Graham Griffiths assesses Stravinsky's musical upbringing in St Petersburg with emphasis on his education at the hands of two extraordinary teachers whom he later either ignored or denounced: Leokadiya Kashperova, for piano and Rimsky-Korsakov, for instrumentation. Their message, Griffiths argues, enabled Stravinsky to formulate from that intensely Russian experience an internationalist brand of neoclassicism founded upon the premises of objectivity and craft. Drawing directly on the composer's manuscripts, Griffiths addresses Stravinsky's lifelong fascination with counterpoint and with pianism's constructive processes. Stravinsky's Piano presents both of these as recurring features of the compositional attitudes that Stravinsky consistently applied to his works, whether Russian, neoclassical or serial and regardless of idiom and genre.


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Podcast: Play in new window | Download
It's approaching Halloween and I want to bring you some books that are a little on the scarier side. I love, love, love today's book. It poses the question about what would happen if TV really destroyed our minds exactly the way our mothers told us it would.
Sit back and listen to Daisy's nightmarish Monday morning and whatever you do don't switch on the TV!
Podcast: Play in new window | Download

subset: commoncrawl


text: Summer reading list Tweet Today's our last day of school for students! This day holds a different meaning for me now that I am an administrator. I will miss the chatter of little voices in the hallways, classrooms, cafeteria, and playground, and requests to come inside and shoot hoops in my office! I know students and teachers will… Read More


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Time sure flies when you're busy writing. You forget simple things like when you submitted a story and (sometimes) who you even sent it out to.
A while back I created a simple Excel spreadsheet to track all of my stories with crazy details like when I subbed, if I got a reply email, if it was accepted/rejected/held and when, what the payment per word was, how much they paid me. You get the idea.
Today I spent a few hours updating that spreadsheet and adding a few more columns and just looking at all the lovely colors (yellow means accepted and hot pink means awaiting a decision). I'm pleased to say that out of 46 tales I've gotten the courage to submit, 20 of those were accepted and 4 are still awaiting a decision.
So I've added a few more pink lines recently. Yesterday I submitted "Death From Above" and "Being Neighborly" to two anthologies. I'm doubly nervous because the second one is for a follow-up anthology where the editor really liked my story. No pressure to meet expectations there. Nope. Not at all.


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Towson vs. Stony Brook - 11/25/16 College Basketball Pick, Odds, and Prediction
Stony Brook Seawolves (0-3) at Towson Tigers (2-2)
College Basketball: Friday, November 25, 2016 at 5:00 pm (SECU Arena)
The Line: Towson Tigers -- Over/Under: See the Latest Odds
TV: https://portal.stretchinternet.com/caa/
The Stony Brook Seawolves will travel to SECU Arena to take on the Towson Tigers this Friday night in the Barclays Center Classic.
The Stony Brook Seawolves dropped to 0-3 on the season after being defeated by the Maryland Terrapins, 77-63, this past Tuesday. Stony Brook was down by a 38-27 margin at halftime and couldn't never make a run in the 2nd half to get back into the game. Stony Brook struggled offensively as they shot just 34.4% from the field and 12.5% (3-24) from beyond the arc. Leading the way for the Seawolves was Lucas Woodhouse who had 14 points, 4 rebounds, and 4 assists. On the season, Stony Brook is averaging 68.0 ppg on 35.8% shooting from the field. The Seawolves average 5.0 three-pointers per game on just 20.5% shooting from beyond the arc. Offensively, Stony Brook has been led by Tyrell Sturdivant (15.3 ppg, 9.0 rpg, 1.0 bpg), Akwasi Yeboah (11.0 ppg, 6.0 rpg), Lucas Woodhouse (10.7 ppg, 4.0 rpg, 5.0 apg), and Roland Nyama (10.3 ppg, 3.3 rpg, 1.3 spg). Defensively, Stony Brook is allowing their opponents to average 77.3 ppg on 50.3% shooting from the field.
USA TODAY Sports
The Towson Tigers lost their 2nd straight game and dropped to 2-2 on the season after being defeated by the Boston College Eagles, 80-70, this past Tuesday. Towson was able to overcome a 45-37 deficit at halftime however, the Eagles were able to pull out the victory after finishing the game on 16-7 run. Towson allowed Boston College to shoot 46.0% from the field and was outrebounded by the Eagles by a 36-26 margin. Leading the way for the Tigers was Arnaud William Adala Moto who had 20 points, 5 rebounds, 2 assists, and 3 steals. On the season, Towson is averaging 71.0 ppg on 41.3% shooting from the field. The Tigers are averaging 5.8 three-pointers per game on 31.1% three-point shooting. Offensively, Towson has been led by Mike Morsell (20.5 ppg, 4.0 rpg, 2.0 apg), Arnaud William Adala Moto (18.0 ppg, 9.0 rpg, 1.3 apg, 1.3 spg), John Davis (8.8 ppg, 5.8 rpg, 1.3 apg), and Eddie Keith II (6.3 ppg, 4.8 rpg, 3.0 apg). Defensively, Towson is allowing their opponents to average 71.0 ppg on 40.7% shooting from the field.
The Seawolves are 1-3-1 ATS in their last 5 road games and 1-6-2 ATS in their last 9 games overall. The Tigers are 15-6 ATS in their last 21 Friday games and 2-6 ATS in their last 8 home games.
Stony Brook made it to the NCAA Tournament last year however, lost the best player in the America East Conference in Jameel Warney (19.8 ppg, 10.8 rpg) and will need to rely more on their backcourt play to provide scoring this season. Towson returns the majority of their team that finished with a respectable 20-13 record last season and should once again be a contender in the CAA this season. Towson is an experienced team that really can get at you on the defensive end as Stony Brook hasn't shot the ball particularly well so far this season, I like Towson in this one. The line has yet to be released in this one but as long as Towson isn't favored by too much, I'm leaning towards taking the Tigers in this one.


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Free patio table plans - outdoor side - freeww plans, Use free patio table plans to build an attractive and here are instructions along with pictures to help you build a very inexpensive patio table for your outdoor.
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Charles N.
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Joined on July, 2013
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ExperienceMath has always been a preferred course for me, always maintaining an A average. I have taken up to Pre-Cal at the college level, with a 4.0. In High school I took algebra, geometry, Pre-Cal and Statistics.
I also know good techniques, and MLA format for research papers.
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City Green is one of the most established urban agriculture non profits in New Jersey that brings hands on solutions to creating educational oportunities around nutrition, gardening, farming and food. We think they're the best!
City Green does an incredible job connecting young people with gardening, healthy eating and the great outdoors. This group's passion is tangible and it's accomplishments are an inspiration to the rest of us. I operate a youth gardening website and come across many, many organizations, but few do it as well as City Green.
City Green provides hands on education and activities for children and other community members, empowering the community to create greener urban environments and advance sustainable community objectives while creating more beautiful and productive spaces.
Wow! I've been building school gardens with City Green during the 2009-2010 School Year. The teachers and their amazing students give me hope and inspiration. What a dynamic group of educators!


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Louis Van Gaal knows his Manchester United side still has hurdles to overcome
Manchester United trained in thick fog which would serve as an apt metaphor for where the club stands a year and a half into Louis van Gaal's tenure.
They are fourth in the league, they will probably qualify from their Champions League group, but nobody can't quite see their road ahead.
Saturday's stalemate at Crystal Palace, a match not even Van Gaal thought United deserved to win, was their third successive goalless draw.
Only twice before have they achieved this kind of nothingness - in January 2005, when Sir Alex Ferguson's side seemed marooned by Chelsea and Arsenal and in September 1921 at the start of a season that saw them relegated in last place.
"It has not always been the big Theatre of Dreams, I am sorry to say," said Van Gaal.
"We are trying to make history, but it takes time. I have said that before but I cannot repeat that, otherwise you shall write: 'Van Gaal asks for time again'. Until now, there has always been progress.
"I remind you that you once said defending was our problem and now we are the best defenders in the Premier League.
"Now you say we cannot attack. No, it is not true. It is only a moment in the process.
"This season we have stood first in the Premier League and now we are having a bad period because football is about scoring goals not creating chances.
"We have to improve that and I hope we shall score against CSKA Moscow, but I know it shall be very difficult because they are very organised and they shall play even more defensively than Crystal Palace."
They may not.
CSKA's last three visits to Manchester have seen them score seven times against United and City, although it says something for the Russian side's defensive frailties that only one of those matches was won.
Nevertheless, United should expect to score at Old Trafford if they want to get something from the game.
Usually that would be routine, but the feeling is that Van Gaal's Manchester United are over-coached and over-anxious.
Only one team in the Premier League has had more possession and only one has had fewer shots.
In 1981, Manchester United fired their manager, Dave Sexton, because his intricate football had become so unfathomably dull.
Gordon McQueen, then United's dominant centre-half, told Sexton in exasperation: "Why doesn't somebody cross the ball, I can get my big, stupid head on it, put it in the back of the net and we can all go home."
Of all the men in Manchester United's current squad, only Wayne Rooney could say that to Van Gaal and the England captain's form has been so fitful that perhaps only his reputation is keeping him in the team.
From the outside it does not seem an especially happy place. Memphis Depay has found himself left out of the Netherlands squad for two upcoming friendlies because, in the words of their manager, Danny Blind, "he is not a team player".
He is unlikely to feature tonight.
Rooney is the ultimate team man, but he is not currently a better centre-forward than Anthony Martial, who has begun the last four matches on the left to accommodate him.
One of his predecessors as England captain, Alan Shearer, suggested Rooney needed to be rested, a principle Van Gaal was not opposed to. He pointed out that at Ajax he would rest Jari Litmanen in November and December, months he was used to taking off as a Finnish footballer. He had given United's young central defender, Paddy McNair, a week off in Northern Ireland. He was not, however, about to rest or drop Rooney.
"I have confidence in this player because he gives me more than just goals," said Van Gaal.
"He is our captain and an example for the whole team. He has more credits (in the bank) than any other player and I have explained that to the whole team one-and-a-half years ago. I still have confidence in Wayne Rooney."
Belfast Telegraph


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of your envelope that is! With all of the promotional material the Biggs puts out each month, the post office feels like my second home, so much that the PO Box stuffing crew knows me by name and PO box number. On the side of personal side of my mailings, am I the only one still trying to use up my 41 cent and 1 cent stamps? My 41 cent American Flag stamps are really starting to bore me, but a penny saved is a penny earned these days. To that end, I wanted to share some news released today about a new set of stamps coming out next year to celebrate a big birthday of a man who made big history in the United States, Abraham Lincoln.
Last Thursday in Springfield, IL, the United States Postal Service gave the public a sneak peak at the artwork design of the four stamps to be issued next February to celebrate Abraham's 200th birthday. And since Mr. Lincoln was a postmaster in Illinois, Springfield was selected as the First-Day- of-Issue city when the stamps are issued on Feb. 9, 2009.
The stamp art was designed by Mark Summers, who has created several portraits for previous U.S. postage stamps. Mark used a scratchboard technique, a style distinguished by a dense network of lines etched with exquisite precision. Each stamp commemorates four stages of Lincoln's life and legend:rail-splitter, lawyer, politician and president.
The stamps will be available in post offices across the country on Monday, February 9, three days before Lincoln's 200th birthday. Besides stamps, alot is being planned to celebrate Abe's Bicentennial. Visit http://www.abrahamlincoln200.com/ to see more ways Lincoln's legacy will be celebrated. Now, the problem at hand is, am I going to get through my 41cent stamps before February? Time to find a few pen pals I suppose.


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Final Fantasy Poster & Postcard - $40 shipped (Only 3000 made)
PSP (Everything complete unless noted)
Final Fantasy I
Final Fantasy II
Final Fantasy Tactics: The War of the Lions (Manual bent on corner)
Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII
Breath of Fire III (UK Import - works on all PSP's)(No manual)
Star Ocean: First Departure
Star Ocean: Second Evolution
Castlevania: The Dracula X Chronicles
Jeanne D'Arc
Valkyrie Profile: Lenneth (Discoloration on corner of manual)
Kingdom Hearts Greatest Hits
Kingdom Hearts II
Kingdom Hearts Re: Chain of Memories Greatest Hits (Sealed)
Persona 4 (Includes Bonus Disc and Visual Data book)
Final Fantasy XI (Ultimate Collection, stickers on case, discs/case only)
Chrono Trigger (Sealed First print, includes Poster)
Brain Age
Club Nintendo 2011 Platinum Reward - Buttons. Still in plastic, unopened
Square Enix Members DS case
Square Enix Members - Dragon Quest Heroes Rocket Slime keychain
Square Enix Green Bays Map Screen Wipe DQM Joker
Amazon Credit
CYL for RPG's
Edited by Trullyn, 02 September 2012 - 03:53 PM.
List update!


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MOVIE SYNOPSIS [ General Audiences ] With the film direction of Tom Brown and TJ Sansone, Meredith Burns heads the cast of this feature film originally of USA, with original script in English (see subtitles), whose premiere was scheduled for 2014. You can watch The Cuckoo Cafe online on TV cable or theaters with original audio in English at different dates. This film premiered in theaters in 2014.
Rating: 5 by 10 users./
Runtime: 4 minutes
Meredith Burns, Stephie del Otero, Liz Freeman, Chris Fuentes, Dave Jay, Juliana Maruc, Jackson McCard, Maricruz Menchero, Peter Moraites, Claudine Quadrat, Carmine Raspaolo, Yali Ruan, Shirley Sanchez, Patty Santa Cruz, Jim Taylor and Lamar Williams.
Short film, Drama, Fantasy.
4-minute film (full movie) directed by Tom Brown and TJ Sansone.
The original audio of The Cuckoo Cafe has dialogues in Dolby Digital, it was produced in USA.
It premiered in cinemas or television in 2014.
Screenplay written by Tom Brown.
Andrew Pulaski.
TJ Sansone and Tom Brown.
Without commercial breaks, the full movie The Cuckoo Cafe has a duration of 4 minutes; the official trailer can be watched in streaming on the Internet. You can watch this full movie free in EnglishDolby Digital in movie TV channels, renting the DVD or with VoD services (Video On Demand player, Hulu) and PPV (Pay Per View, Netflix).
See the page of this full movie, The Cuckoo Cafe in FULLTV Movies.


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The Vocal Set includes a hand-held transmitter with a dynamic capsule, cardioid and a diversity receiver. The transmitter is exceptionally comfortable to hold and provides a lively and assertive sound.
- 4 switchable UHF frequencies for interference-free reception
- Absolutely safe transmission
- Diversity Technology for highest reception quality
- Adjustable Squelch for undisturbed operation
- Receivers built in robust metal housing
- Dynamic processor for cristal-clear sound


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Based on a famous Edgar Wallace thriller The Terror, broadcast under the Play of the Week banner, saw a pact made between convicts lead to murder at Monkshall Priory.
A young Sean Connery also made an appearance.
production details
UK / ITV Network – Associated Rediffusion (Play Of The Week) / 1×90 minute episode /Broadcast Monday 27 Aug 1956 @ 8:00pm in black and white
Writer: Juan Cortez / Play: Edgar Wallace / Set Design: John Clements / Director: Peter Cote
Alfie Bass as "Soppy" Marks
Desmond Walter-Ellis as Ferdinad Fane
John Blythe as Joe Connor
Max Adrian as William Goodman
David Markham as Sergant Dobey
Arnold Bell as Superintendent Aske
Llewellyn Rees as Cotton
Bryan Coleman as Superintendent Hallick
Catherine Boyle as Mary Redmayne
Raymond Francis as Colonel Redmayne
Marjorie Rhodes as Veronica Elvery
Brian Haines as Chief Warder Joyce
Richard Shaw as Warder Timms
Julian d'Albie as Major Craddock
Other Warders, Convicts and Policemen: Vincent Holman, Graham Ashley, Sean Connery, John East, Brian Hamilton, Ron Braden, Hubert Woodward, Anthony Tankred


text:
Vidya Balan On Sets Of Bade Acche Laggte Hai
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General Details
Ad Dip Contemporary Music - NMIT Fairfield, Bachelor of Music Performance (Improvisation) - Victorian College of the Arts
I am a saxophonist with over 10 years experience who has just completed a Bachelor of Music Performance (improvisation) at the Victorian College of the Arts and has also completed an Advanced Diploma of Contemporary Music at NMIT Fairfield in 2005.
I can cater to all ages and skill levels with saxophone, from absolute beginners, to those looking to enhance their understanding of improvised music and Jazz.
I am familiar with both AMEB and VCE Music Performace, having completed both (up to Grade 7 in AMEB, but also familiar with grade 8) and can assist and help to plan repertoire if the student wishes to take this path.
I am primarily a saxophonist, but i am also a doubler and can teach both clarinet and flute to beginner and intermediate students
These details were last updated on September 26, 2012


text: by Stuart Mckenzie on 16th August 2013 When an uncertain young American was experiencing the fallout of the sixties in the form of psilocybin, he learned one very valuable lesson he would not forget in a hurry: buckle your seatbelt for the long run because you are now a passenger on one hell of a trip. Everything the Beatles sang about makes perfect sense; dogs come in a variety of colours, including blue and you are about to become one with the very universe itself. Adam Strauss, a sufferer of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, regales us with some marvellous extracts from his life in a documentary upon the world of psychedelics and how they have helped to shape him into the man he is today.Unable to find an effective treatment for his OCD in spite of over a decade of medication, Strauss sought a more radical solution in the form of mescaline (more commonly known as 'Cactus Juice') that began him on a road to self-actualisation through a series of profound spiritual adventures on tripping. In his comedic narrative, Strauss explains the nature of hallucinogenics and the value he gained from them, ranging from euphoric, out-of-body experiences to the terrifying nightmare of bad trips. I paused twice to consider the messages he delivers: that there is beauty within imperfection even if we cannot see it in one reality and that embracing our deepest fears will rid us of the feeling of powerlessness we are convicted to when in distress.For any who have experienced magic mushrooms, he is a scholar who doesn't completely close the door on faith and belief when it comes to the spiritual nature of hallucinogenic drugs; for anyone else, he is a revelation in disguise. Adam Strauss, through a blend of comedy and drama in his poetic narration, is a highly commendable act which is recommendable for any interested in the culture of psychedelics. Venue Number 61. Underbelly, Cowgate, 56 Cowgate (entrances on Cowgate and Victoria Street), EH1 1EG. 1-25 August 15:50 (1 hour). Suitability: 14+. The Blurb Inspired by a scientific study showing that hallucinogenic mushrooms can potentially cure obsessive-compulsive disorder, Adam Strauss embarked on a programme of vigilante psychopharmacology. 'Hugely intelligent' **** (Scotsman). 'Extremely gifted' **** (Skinny). 'Outstanding' **** (EdFestMag.com). www.themushroomcure.com Call Sheet Production CompanyAdam Strauss


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Melbourne: India captain Sourav Ganguly said on Monday his team was capable of winning a few games during the Australian tour since it was not hampered by a negative mindset as was the case with the teams of the 90s.
It is not like the 90s. We do not suffer from a negative mindset which hampered Indians on tour, Sourav, who has led the side to overseas Test victories in recent times, said.
We have actually come on well in the last two-three years.
Although a Test series victory abroad has eluded the Indians for quite some time, Sourav was banking on his young side to try and win games against the world champions on this tour.
A lot of our guys are young but they know what is expected of them... We would try to live to our expectations, he said while conceding the players knew well the enormity of the task at hand.
Its tough touring Australia and winning games against the world champions but we will try. I dont mind losing a few as long as I win a few, Sourav, who is on his third tour to Australia, said.
The captain said his sides goal could be achieved if the boys stay focussed and try to be aggressive a facet which served them well at home two years ago when they beat Steve Waughs team 2-1 in the Test series.
The 2001 series was great and it was achieved because we backed ourselves, the skipper said.
Sourav was mindful of Indias poor record in Australia but took heart from the fact they have won against every other international team in the last one and a half years, barring Australia.
We have done well against every other team in the last one and half years abroad except Australia and it means we have improved. He also dismissed the belief that New Zealanders alone have planned to perfection how to tame Australians in their own den.
I am not sure about that. New Zealand played three Tests in the series and a lot of those games were rain affected, said Sourav about a series which New Zealand drew 0-0 two years ago.
The left-hander said his side had prepared well for the series and he himself benefited a lot from his six-days stint with former Australian captain Greg Chappell in Sydney a few months back.
It was great spending those six days with Greg. He is a great character and very engaging on the craft of batting. I spent six days with him and learnt a few things which I put to good use in the Ahmedabad Test where I hit a century against the New Zealanders, Sourav said.
Akram tips will help
Sourav is looking forward to Wasim Akram to give a few tips to the Indian pacemen.
Akram would be a sensitive selection (for the post of a bowling coach), though I would love to have him around and help our guys out, said Sourav.
I rate Akram as the best left-arm paceman Ive ever seen. I know he would be around with a television network and hopefully he could offer tips. He would be useful also because we have quite a few left-arm pacemen in our squad.


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Purchase orders
Purchase orders are key documents for the exchange of goods and services. If dealt with properly they represent savings in that they streamline the purchasing process. If not, operating efficiency might not be optimal.
Every company with an ambition for success needs to strive and stay competitive, namely by reducing inventory. In order to avoid building up stocks, end customers would rather order smaller quantities and multiply their purchase orders.
As a result, suppliers face huge numbers of purchase orders from various customers and coming from various sources such as mail, email or fax.


text: so after i updated to 2.1 ota from 1.5 sending & receiving text messages are awfully slow, and when i try to send like 2 messages quickly it just laggs, for like 15seconds.. will i have to do a factory reset or something to fix this?? Do you guys have any input on this?? -Thanks..


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Israel has reached a $1 billion preliminary deal to buy 30 Italian military training jets, Israeli defense officials said Thursday, providing a long-awaited upgrade to what is widely viewed as the most advanced air force in the Middle East.
The agreement, which still needs formal government approval, marked the end of a long competition between Italy and South Korea over the lucrative sale.
Israel announced it would buy the M-346, made by the Italian company Alenia Aermacchi and designed for low-cost flights. The aircraft will replace American Skyhawks, which the Israeli Air Force has trained with for 40 years. As early as 2008, the Israeli air force announced it needed to replace the antiquated jets.
Italy will reciprocate the Israeli purchase by buying $1 billion in Israeli defense equipment, Israel's Defense Ministry said.
The ministry's director general, Udi Shani, said the offset deal enabled Israel to make the large purchase in a "harsh budgetary reality."
South Korea hoped to sell its T-50 aircraft to Israel and had issued a $1.6 billion counteroffer including buying the expensive Iron Dome anti-rocket system, defense officials said. As Israel considered its options, South Korea complained about a lack of transparency in the deal.
The officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they were discussing internal deliberations.
In a letter to South Korea, Shani wrote that "after close analysis of both the proposals, and at the conclusion of a long and comprehensive review process, it was decided that the Italian proposal was the most efficient choice for Israel's Ministry of Defense."
He cited the suitability of the jets to the "direct needs" of the Israeli air force, the cost and the "significant offset conditions."
The deal only has initial approval and needs official authorization from Israel's defense minister, the government, and the Israeli parliament. Defense officials said they expect the agreement to get the final green light, and the planes to be delivered in 2014.
Alenia Aermacchi noted that the aircraft has just been delivered to the Italian air force and, shortly, will also be in service with Singapore's military.
"We would like to thank the Israeli Ministry of Defense for their trust in and their choice of the M-346, a fact that confirms the product's excellence," Alenia Aermacchi's CEO Giuseppe Giordo said in a statement.
Israeli possesses a sophisticated air force of U.S.-made F-15 and F-16 warplanes, and its pilots spend considerable time on training flights. Even reservists, for instance, must spend one day a week in the air. Officials said the new planes would be critical for Israel to maintain its edge.
The need for a strong air force is especially critical at a time when Israel has been hinting at potential military action against Iran's nuclear program.
Military analyst Yiftach Shapir of the Institute for National Security Studies said the new planes would give an important boost, noting the aging Skyhawks are "long past their life service."
"Training will be better, pilots will be better prepared for the combat aircraft they will be flying, and everything will be cheaper because the aging aircraft really needed a lot of maintenance," he said.


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One Month To Go! New Tram opens December 20th.
Construction is chugging along, but for now (drumroll....)
The preview for Cable to the Sky is here!
The cables begin to climb skyward.
Summer 2008
The towers begin to grow.
Spring 2008
The old tram cars come off the cables.
Fall 2007
More cable removal excitement!
Fall 2007
The old tram cables come down!
Early Fall 2007
Removal of the Clock Tower in Teton Village.
September 2007
Pouring concrete for the NEW TRAM at Jackson Hole Mountain Resort!
Late Summer 2007