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Conceived and designed the experiments: HB CM AR FGS. Performed the experiments: HB CM AR MC VdP MOR FGS. Analyzed the data: HB VdP GP FHdK FGS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MC GP MOR. Wrote the paper: HB CM GP FHdK FGS.
Seven genes involved in folate metabolism are located on chromosome 21. Previous studies have shown that folate deficiency may contribute to mental retardation in Down's syndrome (DS).
We investigated the effect of oral folate supplementation (daily dose of 1.0±0.3 mg/kg) on cognitive functions in DS children, aged from 3 to 30 months. They received 1 mg/kg leucovorin or placebo daily, for 12 months, in a single-centre, randomised, double-blind study. Folinic acid (leucovorin, LV) was preferred to folic acid as its bioavailability is higher. The developmental age (DA) of the patients was assessed on the Brunet-Lezine scale, from baseline to the end of treatment.
The intent-to-treat analysis (113 patients) did not show a positive effect of leucovorin treatment. However, it identified important factors influencing treatment effect, such as age, sex, and concomitant treatments, including thyroid treatment in particular. A per protocol analysis was carried out on patients evaluated by the same examiner at the beginning and end of the treatment period. This analysis of 87 patients (43 LV-treated vs. 44 patients on placebo) revealed a positive effect of leucovorin on developmental age (DA). DA was 53.1% the normal value with leucovorin and only 44.1% with placebo (p<0.05). This positive effect of leucovorin was particularly strong in patients receiving concomitant thyroxin treatment (59.5% vs. 41.8%, p<0.05). No adverse event related to leucovorin was observed.
These results suggest that leucovorin improves the psychomotor development of children with Down's syndrome, at least in some subgroups of the DS population, particularly those on thyroxin treatment.
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00294593
The symptoms of Down's syndrome (DS) result from a trisomy of chromosome 21 [1], [2]. A gene dosage effect [3], [4], resulting from the presence of three chromosomes 21, rather than the usual two, is responsible for symptoms and mild to severe mental retardation [5], [6]. There is currently no effective way to reduce this gene dosage effect. However, some of the metabolic disturbances have been studied and could be targeted pharmacologically [2], [7]. The correction of these dysfunctions by treating DS patients with active molecules may improve the mental condition and quality of life of these patients.
Folate deficiency is known to cause neurological, psychiatric and cognitive disorders [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], that can be reversed by folic acid administration [16], [17], [18]. DS probably involves either folate deficiency or defective folate use. Indeed, at least seven genes (SCL19A1, FTCD, GART, CBS, PRMT2, N6AMT1, DNMT3L with HGCN ID numbers: 10937, 3974, 4163, 1550, 5186, 16021, 2980, respectively) related to folate metabolism are located on chromosome 21 [19], [20]. The overexpression of these genes has been observed and causes a cascade of metabolic disturbances: low concentrations of folates, methionine, homocysteine, S-adenosyl methionine and serine and high levels of cysteine, cystathionine and methylated DNA (Figure 1) [7], [14], [21], [22], [23]. These disturbances partly account for the macrocytosis [24], glossitis and methotrexate hypersensitivity usually observed in these patients [25], [26], [27], [28], which can be partially corrected by folic acid treatment [27]. One previous study reported that folate treatment might improve the psychomotor development of DS patients [29], [30]. However, this study did not meet current standards for clinical trials and other studies did not confirm this finding [31], [32], [33]. Many DS children have since received empirical folate treatment.
We carried out a one-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the effect of folate supplementation on psychomotor development in young DS patients (3 months to 30 months of age). The registration number of this clinical trial was NCT00294593 (http://clinicaltrials.gov). Folinic acid/leucovorin (LV), also known as N5-formyl tetrahydrofolate (THF), was preferred to folic acid as it is already reduced. It can therefore enter the cytoplasm via the reduced folate carrier system (RCF), encoded by a gene (SLC19A1) located on chromosome 21. Leucovorin also bypasses the enzymatic steps of folic acid activation by DHFR, and is transformed by MTHFS and MTHFD1. Furthermore, leucovorin crosses the blood brain barrier more efficiently than folic acid resulting in greater bioavailability to neurons [34]. The clinical protocol took several factors potentially affecting developmental quotient into account, including age, sex and concomitant treatments. Hypothyroidism, which is frequent in DS patients, was carefully assessed as it may strongly affect mental development [35], [36].
In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-centre clinical trial of leucovorin (LV), patients were randomised to two groups of equal size, one receiving placebo and the other leucovorin (LV 1 mg/kg daily per os). Treatment lasted 12 months, during which patients attended three scheduled visits: at inclusion (V1), after 6 months (V2) and after 12 months (V3) of treatment. All three visits included clinical examination, developmental evaluation and blood sampling (complete blood count, ferritin determination, thyroid check). Patients were assessed by a team of health professionals, including four physicians and six psychologists. The developmental test (main criterion) had to be carried out by the same psychometric examiner in each case. The protocol for this trial and the CONSORT checklist are available as supporting information (see Protocol S1 and Checklist S1). The study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and its amendments. It was approved by an institutional review board and by the French health authorities (AFSSaPS, CCPPRB Saint-Germain-en Laye). All parents gave written informed consent for the participation of their child. The informed consent statement and the informed consent form are provided as supporting information (see Informed Consent S1).
The inclusion criteria were: children aged 3 to 30 months, with complete, homogeneous trisomy 21. Patients had to weigh more than 4 kg, and be able to undergo assessment with the revised Brunet-Lezine psychometric scale (BLS). Patients with a history of leukaemia or any other condition that might interfere with evaluations of treatment efficacy, such as epilepsy or unstable hypothyroidism, were excluded.
The sample size required was determined with nQuery Advisor® software (Statistical Solutions, Cork, Ireland). Based on internal unpublished data and a two-sided test with 80 percent power to detect a difference significant at the 5% level, with a standard deviation of 0.4, each group had to be composed of 47 patients for the detection of an expected 33% difference. Taking into account the probable frequency of non-evaluable patients, we planned to include 60 patients in each group.
The primary endpoint (efficacy variable) was increase in global developmental age (DA), calculated as the following ratio: months acquired/months of follow-up. The revised Brunet-Lezine scale was used to assess developmental age [37], [38]. This scale of psychomotor development in early childhood investigates four fields of childhood development: (i) 'posture', (ii) 'co-ordination', (iii) 'language' and (iv) 'sociability', each with a corresponding subscore. The global DA score is derived from these four subscores. This scale has been validated for children of the general population with a developmental age of 2 to 30 months [38], [39]. It has been adapted for French populations and resembles the Bayley or Griffiths scales used in other countries.
The safety of the treatment studied was assessed by recording adverse clinical events and carrying out biological assays at each visit. Any side effect arising during the trial, whether drug-related or not, was regarded as an adverse event and recorded. Sealed emergency decoding envelopes were available. Biological assays were analysed using paediatric reference ranges [40].
The drug was produced as 5 mg capsules, which had to be opened for administration—in a single intake—at breakfast. The active drug was administered as the pentahydrated calcium salt of leucovorin, to obtain a daily dose of 1.0±0.3 mg/kg. Drug compliance was assessed by counting the pills. The placebo and active capsules were obtained from the manufacturer of the drug (Folinoral®, Laboratoires Therabel Lucien Pharma, Levallois-Perret, France). Parents were asked not to administer any other folate-containing drugs to their children. Concomitant treatment was also minimised and noted in the case report form. Patients were assigned to a treatment by the random permuted block method (11 ratio). Eligible patients were recruited as and when they were referred by participating physicians over a two-year period. An independent contract research organisation (LC2, Lyon, France) performed this operation and the randomisation list was not made available until the data were frozen. Thus, all investigators were blind to treatment assignment.
Data were encoded and input twice for quality assurance purposes. No interim analysis was planned. Data were frozen after double checking, recorded on a CD-Rom, and deposited at a lawyer's office before the code was broken. Data for patients who withdrew from the study early were analyzed for tolerability and, if possible efficacy. Demographic characteristics, clinical and biological tolerability and efficacy were analyzed by classical methods (Student's t test), using SPSS© software (SSPS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA). A test of non linearity was planned for the Brunet-Lezine scale, using the data of children examined by the same person at all three evaluation points, V1, V2 and V3. We tested the nullity of the coefficient γ in the following equation: BL Global score=constant+αi+β×date+γ×date2, with αi, the effect on patient #i, β the date effect and γ the non linear date effect. The 3 evaluation points, V1, V2 and V3, were coded −1, 0 and 1, respectively. Once rejected the hypothesis of non-linearity of Brunet-Lezine scale over time, the Developmental Age (DA) was used to perform further statistical analysis.
In an exploratory way, a principal component analysis was carried out with SPAD© software (Coheris, Courbevoie, France) [41]. This interesting method gives an axis that better summarizes the four DA variables (Global DA, Postural DA, Language DA, Coordination DA and Sociability DA). By projecting barycentres of the patients with same characteristics on the first axis, we identified influential cofactors. The factors included in the study were: leucovorin treatment, age at start of treatment, sex, body weight at start of treatment, developmental age at start of treatment (assessed by the Brunet-Lezine scale), treatment duration, thyroid treatment, psychometric examiner. Once the influential factors had been identified, several models of analysis of variance (ANOVA) were tested for treatment efficacy. We kept the ANOVA model that had good quality criteria (high variability of the Global DA explained by the model and low probability of simultaneous nullity of coefficients).
All DS patients were recruited and included at the Jerome Lejeune Institute (Paris, France). Follow-up of the last participant ended 12 months later. In total, 117 patients were included in the trial (Figure 2). No patient withdrew due to treatment effects. Four of the 117 patients included withdrew early without an assessment of treatment efficacy. Thus 113 patients were included in the demographic and baseline description, and the safety and intention-to-treat analysis of efficacy. Evaluation by the same psychometric examiner before and after treatment, as required by the protocol, was not possible for 26 of the 113 patients (23.0%). The other 87 patients were included in an additional per protocol analysis of efficacy (Figure 3). This analysis took into account, for each child, the first and last evaluations by the same psychometric examiner (V1−V3 if possible, otherwise V1−V2 or V2−V3), after the linearity of the judgment criteria between V1−V2 and V2−V3 had been checked (data not shown).
The baseline description recorded the medical history of patients, including Down's syndrome-related diseases in particular: cardiac abnormalities (persistent common atrioventricular canal, etc), digestive malformations (atresia), hypothyroidism requiring thyroxin treatment, ophthalmologic diseases (nystagmus, strabismus, cataracts). No history of haematological conditions was reported. The main demographic characteristics of the enrolled patients did not differ between the groups (Table 1). These demographic and baseline characteristics were similar in the per protocol population (Table 2).
The psychometric scale used has been validated in a population of normal French children; the score obtained should increase linearly from 3 months to 30 months of age [38]. We checked the linearity of the scale in our DS population, in which children were evaluated three times (V1, V2 and V3) by the same psychologist. We obtained the following probabilities of nullity for each coefficient: probability (constant=0)=0, probability (β=0)=0, probability (γ=0)=0.698. We therefore rejected the hypothesis of non-linearity for BL global score.
The intention-to-treat analysis (113 patients) revealed no greater positive effect of LV than of placebo on change in global DA (52.1% of normal DA vs. 51.5%, respectively). However, the per protocol multivariate analysis carried out on the 87 patients examined by the same person at the start and end of the trial showed that leucovorin probably enhanced DA. Children who received LV displayed a greater increase in DA (52.6%) than those treated with a placebo (42.8%, p=0.046) (Figure 3). Cofactors were identified by principal component analysis on patients, for global DA score and the four subscores (posture, co-ordination, sociability, language). As we observed that the first axis was strongly correlated with Global DA (0.99), we concluded that it separated well children with high Global DA values from those with low Global DA values. The cofactors most strongly linked to the first axis (and thus global DA) were leucovorin treatment, age at start of treatment, sex and concomitant thyroxin treatment. These factors and their interactions with leucovorin treatment were thereafter assessed by analysis of variance (Table 3). The "age*thyroxin treatment" interaction cannot be studied because young children did not receive thyroxin treatment and the "sex*age" and "sex*thyroxin" interactions were not significant when added in the model.
Patients who received LV displayed a greater increase in DA evolution (53.1%) than those on placebo (44.4%, p=0.031) (Figure 3). Means were adjusted, to equilibrate the effect of the model. Two quality indicators showed that the selected statistical model for change in global DA was acceptable. The probability of simultaneous nullity of factors and interactions was 0.0007 and the model explained 36.4% of the variability of the main criterion. There was a significant interaction between LV treatment and concomitant thyroxin treatment (p=0.035), with a DA of 59.5% recorded for patients receiving both leucovorin and thyroid treatment, versus only 41.8% for those receiving thyroid treatment only. The same model was computed for the four psychometric test subscales. Leucovorin also improved 'co-ordination' (56.5% vs. 42.18%, p=0.019). It had a more pronounced effect on 'co-ordination' DA when the child was treated concomitantly with thyroxin (66.0% vs. 38.02%, p=0.035). Similar trends were observed, but were not statistically significant, for 'language', 'posture' and 'sociability'. These results were obtained when the population was split into five age groups. However, similar levels of significance were observed with two, three or four classes of age. Finally, mean change in global DA was greater for girls than for boys (53.6% versus 43.9%, p=0.006) and girls showed larger improvements in 'language' and 'sociability' than boys (50.6% vs. 37.8%, p=0.008 and 71.1% vs. 49.9%, p=0.002, respectively).
Compliance was good, with patients taking 91% of their prescribed treatment. The mean duration of treatment was 358±44 days. DS patients present many common early childhood diseases, all of which were considered adverse events. We therefore recorded numerous concomitant treatments and adverse events. However no serious adverse event or drug-related adverse event was reported. For the 113 patients with safety data, a mean of 3.34 adverse events per patient occurred in the treated group, versus 3.84 in the placebo group (p>0.05) (Table 4). For the concomitant treatments, including drugs and rehabilitation, a mean of 7.8 treatments per patient were administered in the LV group, vs. 8.6 in the placebo group (p>0.05). No significant difference between therapeutic classes (acute toxicity class; ATC) was found (Table 5). No LV-related biological adverse events occurred during treatment and mean changes in biological data were similar between groups.
Folates, including folic acid, in particular have been administered to DS patients based on a preliminary study conducted some time ago and not meeting current protocol standards [29], [30]. Assessments of the efficacy and safety of this treatment were required. Our intention-to-treat analysis showed no positive effect of leucovorin. However, the per-protocol analysis of a restricted group examined by the same psychologist at the beginning and end of trial revealed a positive effect of leucovorin. In the per-protocol analysis, the DA of DS children was significantly higher on leucovorin treatment than on placebo (53.1% vs. 44.4%, p=0.031) (Figure 3). The per-protocol analysis also identified several cofactors, including thyroid treatment. DS patients receiving leucovorin and thyroxin treatment had a DA of 59.7%, whereas those receiving thyroxin only had a DA of 40.3% (p=0.041).
The choice to use folinic acid/leucovorin rather than folic acid is debatable. Leucovorin may be a good alternative to folic acid because it is transported by the RFC (SLC19A1 gene) and efficiently transformed into 5,10-CH2 THF and 5-CH3 THF, which may be reduced by three methyl transferases—DNMT3L, PRMT2, N6AMT1—and by CBS activity (Fig. 1). Several studies have reported this molecule to have a higher bioavailability than folic acid [17], [34], [42]. No side effect of this drug was observed, despite its use at more than 10 times the RDA. Studies on folic acid have also reported an absence of adverse events [16]. As some positive effects were detected in our patients, we believe this dose of LV to be appropriate and safe for folate supplementation.
We also hypothesized that age at the start of folate supplementation might be important, as young neurons may be more sensitive to treatment, resulting in more efficient rescue from folate deficiency. We therefore enrolled very young patients in this study (3 months to 30 months). Our study population was representative of the general DS population in terms of birth weight, length, occipito-frontal circumference and malformation frequency [2]. However, the age range studied may have been too wide as major neurological acquisitions occur early in life and are highly variable. This may have resulted in heterogeneity of the population, potentially accounting, at least in part, for the negative result of the intention-to-treat analysis.
Several clinical trials had reported negative results regarding the effect of vitamin supplementation including folates [31], [32], [33], [43]. The results of these studies, although carefully monitored, may be challenged. Indeed, clinical trials on large DS populations are not easy to perform, as centres specialising in DS treatment do not have large patient cohorts. This is a major drawback of all studies. By contrast, the most recent study [43] included 156 patients with Down's syndrome and a mix of 5 antioxidants or folinic acid was given in a blinded manner. Folinic acid was not found to be active on cognitive functions. However, we believe the daily dose of folinic acid (0.1 mg vs. 1.0±0.3 mg/kg in our study) was too low to be truly active. The negative results of our intent-to-treat analysis may be due to our lack of expertise in managing large trials. Psychometric analysis is a critical factor in such trials. When we first wrote the protocol, we thought it would be possible for the same psychometric examiner to carry out all three evaluations (V1, V2 and V3). However, as some of our patients came from far away and had limited flexibility in terms of appointments, it was sometimes difficult for the same psychologist to carry out assessments at the beginning and end of the study (12 months later). As even well trained professionals may vary in terms of the running of tests, we believe that analyses in which the same psychologist carried out at least two of the tests (per protocol analysis) are likely to be more accurate, although this violates the intention-to-treat analysis protocol. These pitfalls should be carefully avoided in subsequent studies, and the use of internationally validated scales would be required for international trials. However such scales are not always available, may be complicated to use, may result in young DS patients systematically obtaining scores towards the bottom of the scale or may not be linear over long periods. The Brunet-Lezine scale has several advantages: it is well established, easy to use and reproducible. However, we will probably use international scales, such as the Griffith's scale in future studies. Nevertheless, the development of reliable scales remains a key issue.
The relationship between leucovorin and thyroxin treatment was not expected, although thyroid status is known to be important for the mental development of patients with trisomy 21. Several hypotheses may be proposed to explain the possible synergistic effect of LV and thyroid treatment. The first hypothesis is that the antioxidant effect of folinic acid may have been amplified by the oxidative stress induced by thyroxin treatment. Indeed, thyroid hormone has been shown to increase mitochondria metabolism and thus production of reactive oxygen species (particularly in patients with hypothyroidism) and to induce an antioxidant imbalance [44], [45], [46]. Furthermore, thyroid hormone has been shown to down regulate the expression of a gene involved in the catabolism of free oxygen radicals, superoxide dismutase-1 [47]. All together, these facts may explain why thyroxin may have stimulated the cognitive development of the children and how folinic acid may have limited the thyroxin drawbacks linked to oxidative stress.
The second hypothesis is that homocysteine, which is involved in both the folate pathway and thyroid status, may play a key role in the relationship between LV and thyroid treatment. Homocysteine is remethylated or leaves the cycle by being further transformed by CBS (cataplerosis) (Figure 1). Thyroid hormones probably induce the expression of certain genes, but these results must be interpreted with caution, given the complexity of the different metabolic pathways. Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration is inversely correlated with thyroid hormone levels [48], [49] and returns to normal levels when euthyroidism is restored [50], [51]. Hypothyroid patients also have low plasma folate concentrations, and folate supplementation in addition to thyroid treatment is recommended [48]. A relationship between thyroid status and folates has also been shown for methyl tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) activation in humans and rats [52], [53], [54]. Some studies have reported that IQ is related to tHcy concentrations in DS patients, and to polymorphisms of two enzymes of the remethylation pathway—MTHFR (C677T) and a transcobalamin (TCN C776G) [22]. Unfortunately, tHcy levels and MTHFR, TCN2 and MTHFD1 polymorphisms were not investigated in our patients. Future studies should consider these factors, to improve our understanding of therapeutic mechanisms. However, these findings suggest that homocysteine may play a negative role in the neurons of DS patients alone or via its metabolites [12], [55].
The improvement of cognitive functions associated with LV treatment may increase the autonomy of the DS population. If maintained over time, it could increase quality of life and may have economic implications. A follow-up study is planned for these patients at the age of seven years, to check whether the LV-induced enhancement of development is maintained over time. The interaction between folates and thyroxin also requires investigation. Further studies should also focus on the cofactors identified in this trial. Despite technical difficulties, this trial strongly suggests that the psychomotor development of DS patients may be improved by treatments acting on metabolic pathways. These encouraging results should lead to a search for specific drugs targeting the metabolic disturbances induced by the overexpression of chromosome 21 genes.
Trial Protocol.
CONSORT Checklist.
We would like to thank Therabel-Lucien-Pharma Laboratories for providing leucovorin and the placebo. We also thank Air France, Prof. Jerome Pagès (Agrocampus, Rennes), Prof. P-M Preux, Prof. JL Gueant, Dr J. Cook-Moreau and the Jerome Lejeune Foundation (Paris-France). This trial could not have been performed without the close co-operation of the 117 patients and their parents. We would particularly like to thank the staff of the psychologists and nurses: Anne-Marie Baud, Emmanuelle Beltran, Tatiana Lapenne, Michele Maniglier, Veronique Sire.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Funding: Funding was received from the Jerome Lejeune Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Hi everyone! I hope you had a nice holiday. Our Christmas was wonderful. I've always loved Christmas, but I love it even more since having my daughter. Seeing Christmas through a toddler's eyes is truly magical. As 2016 winds down, I wanted to share my personal fitness goals for the upcoming year.
In 2016, I was fairly consistent with my workouts. A typical week consisted of 3 full body strength training days, and 2 or 3 days of cardio. My cardio workouts were a combination of Zumba, running (not as much as I would've liked to do), LISS, and HIIT. Some weeks I got 5-6 workouts in and other weeks I would only manage 3 days. Even though, I stayed pretty consistent, I haven't reached my personal fat loss goal. I don't really focus on the scale that much, but I do weigh myself every few weeks. I mostly take my measurements and gauge how my clothes fit to determine how my body is changing.
This past year, my body has been fluctuating due to hormonal imbalances. When I was nursing my daughter, my body fat was lower and I was losing inches. As soon as I stopped nursing, my body stored every ounce of fat (as if a switch went off). Despite my healthy eating and exercising, my body continued to hold on to the unwanted body fat. This upcoming year, I am determined to lose it. So, I thought I'd share my goals on here as a way to hold myself accountable.
Here are my 2017 fitness goals:
- Run at least once a week (preferably outside)
- Exercise 5-6 days a week
- Strength train 3 times a week
- Zumba once a week
- Lose body fat
I have some really fun (and new) things that I'll be doing in 2017 to help me reach my goals.
First, I'm taking part in Young Living's 60-day Slique Challenge.
Young Living has an incredible product line called, "Slique". The Slique Essence (which is the supplement that I'll be taking) combines the following essential oils: grapefruit, tangerine, lemon, spearmint, and ocotea.
Some of these oils help to:
- support healthy digestion
- control craving
- provide powerful antioxidants
For 60 days, you pair your Slique supplement with a nutritious diet & regular exercise. Young Living will be giving away fun prizes to everyone that participates. In addition, they are offering some amazing prizes to people that have the biggest transformations. You can read more about the challenge here.
The other fun thing I'm going to be doing is the 2017 Tone It Up Challenge.
The Challenge starts on January 1st and it will run for 6 weeks. Karena & Katrina from "Tone It Up" will be providing a meal plan & workout plan. I'm really looking forward to trying something new (as I am getting bored with my own workout routine).
What are some of your 2017 Fitness Goals? I'd love to hear them!

subset: commoncrawl


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Virtual reality (VR) is dominating the 2016 Taipei Game Show, which kicked off on Thursday and will run through Feb. 2, according to the organizer Taipei Computer Association (TCA). The annual Taipei Game Show has focused on the computer or electronic games industry in the Asia Pacific region and has attracted plenty of attention from potential buyers from all over the world, the organizer said.
The VR segment of the trade show had been widely reported on by the local media even before the exhibition began, with many local consumers eager to attend the event to experience VR devices displayed there.
On the first day of the show, only business visitors were allowed to come in since the exhibition highlighted business-to- business devices, gaming software, gaming consoles and VR products provided by 221 exhibitors from 22 countries.
Starting from Friday, consumers will be admitted to the exhibition, and it is expected that they will focus their attention on the special VR exhibition in the trade show, the organizers said. The show marks the first time for Sony Corp. to demonstrate its PlayStaion VR device in Taiwan. In the games show, the Japanese electronics giant has placed 40 of its PS VR devices for visitors to play with, the largest play trial for Sony in Asia.
In addition to Sony, Taiwan's smartphone vendor HTC has unveiled the next generation of its VR device — the HTC Vive Pre — to allow visitors to try the new gadget. HTC has embraced high ambitions to enter the VR arena in a bid to find alternative sales sources to offset the impact resulting from escalating competition in the global smartphone market.
HTC has been exploring the possibility of expanding the VR headset applications to areas such as medical care, education, exhibitions, property development, industrial design, tourism and e-commerce. Meanwhile, Google has been demonstrating its own VR gadget — the Google Cardboard — in the trade show, while Samsung Electronics Co. has put its Samsung Gear VR on display. According a recent market forecast, the VR industry is expected to grow 99 percent at the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) over the next five years, and sales of the business are expected to hit US$30 billion by 2020.
Wu Wen jung, a manager of the TCA, said that the production value of Taiwan's games industry reached US$1.77 billion, up 5.1 percent from a year earlier. Out of the total value, the output of online games hit US$520 billion and smartphone games reached US$530 million last year.
Source: China Post Taiwan
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How to Make Floating Pool Chairs with Pool Noodles
The pool noodles are a soft and flexible floating toy that can take many forms. Some can be used in place of other more expensive items. With few noodles you can create a floating pool chairs.
Instructions to make floating pool chairs with pool noodles: fold one of the noodles. Attach the ends together to form a link, without tightening completely while building the rest of the chair. Place one end of the second noodles in the link you just made. Attach the intersection with a plastic seal; this will keep the two united noodles.
12 Photos Gallery of: How to Make Floating Pool Chairs with Pool Noodles
Curve the second macaroni and insert the other end into the gap created by the union of the tips of the first. Close the seal until it is tight and secure another seal around the junction of the two pastas. The two seals will handle this side.
Cut the ends of the seals with the scissors so there are no protruding edges. Finally, to make floating pool chairs with pool noodles, pass the tape around the seals to protect it from further scratches.


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Marion Nestle to Participate in Alumni Regional EventsHow does a California-bred molecular biologist find herself teaching Nutrition in New York City? Just ask Marion Nestle, NYU Steinhardt's Paulette Goddard Professor of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health. After teaching molecular biology for some time at Brandeis University, Nestle was offered a nutrition course in addition to her other courses. She thoroughly enjoyed the material, returned to California, and the rest is history.
In 1998, Nestle joined NYU as the chair of what is now the Department of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health at Steinhardt, a position which she held for fifteen years. When her books, including Food Politics and Safe Food began to generate buzz among such media-mainstays as the Wall Street Journal, Fortune, and Business Week, Nestle stepped down as chair to allow for more research and for writing What to Eat.
Nestle's most recent book, Pet Food Politics: the Chihuahua in the Coal Mine, has garnered praise from academics, policy makers, nutritionists and pet enthusiasts alike. The book offers a detailed account of the 2007 pet food and consumer product recall-one of the largest of its kind in our nation's history. Because the same contaminant-melamine-was involved, its discussion of this incident predicted the current scandal over melamine-contaminated infant formula and foods in China and exposes some of the gaps in today's food safety systems.
Nestle's passion for bringing knowledge to consumers around the world has prompted her to create an informative and interactive blog, What to Eat. The blog boasts frequent musings and discussions on the latest issues in nutrition today. To learn more, please visit http://www.whattoeatbook.com.
Additionally, Nestle was featured on the October 13 episode of the CBS Early Show. An outline of the segment, which described some of the problems present in mass-produced pet food today, is available on the CBS wesbite.
In a special event for the Steinhardt community in Westchester and Fairfield counties, Nestle will travel to the home of alumni Bill and Annette Fraad for a reception and presentation on her work. For more information on the event, please click here. In addition, Nestle will address all NYU alumni in late February in Los Angeles, CA. Details on the West Coast event are forthcoming, so please stay tuned!


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I Love to Shop In the Morning
Personal Stories, Advice, and Support
Shop In the AmIf I have to go shopping..or just need to get out, I go in the morning. Store is fresh, people are ready to work (at least I hope so) it's clean, organized, and I have the energy or the money for that matter to blow..it's really retail therapy..that is really expensive.
Rosewater 41-45, F 0 Aug 11, 2008


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Case pending in LaGrange dog shooting
Mon, 14 Jun 2010 21:29:54 GMT —
There's been a lot of talk about a dog shooting that happened in LaGrange, Missouri.
In case you haven't heard, this video was captured on the LaGrange Police Department's dashboard cam. The entire video is more than 30 minutes long, but only about 10 minutes of it is posted on YouTube.
It shows an officer shooting an American bulldog at close range twice.
We would like to caution viewers about the explicit content of the YouTube video.
You can find the video at http://www.youtube.com:80/watch?v=4kJVnA5KXJw or http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gbQQUuvR3RM
We've heard from several viewers demanding answers about this, so we spent the day getting as much information about it as possible.
The Story Continues Below....._______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
The LaGrange Police Department and City Hall are tight-lipped about the matter. In fact, both refused to comment because of the upcoming trial of Marcus Mays.
He's the LaGrange resident who owned the dog.
Mays is due in court this Thursday on a municipal charge of keeping a vicious animal.
He plans to act as his own attorney.


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Inspired by the regional cuisines and traditions of Spain, The Absinthe Group's Executive Chef Ryan McIlwraith crafts an eclectic menu of meats grilled on a wood-fired hearth, inventive paellas, Old World stews, fresh seafood, medium-sized tapas, imported charcuterie and cheeses, as well as slow-roasted vegetable dishes.
The Spanish-focused cocktail menu from Jonny Raglin, Director of Bars at The Absinthe Group and co-creator of Comstock Saloon, features Spain's cocktail of choice, gin tonic. The all-Spanish wine list emphasizes small producers and growers, and features sherry on tap.
Located in a landmark building on the National Register of Historic Places, Bellota is part of The Absinthe Group, a collection of San Francisco restaurants and drinking establishments created by proprietor Bill Russell-Shapiro, led by operations director Eric Vreede.
With a mix of both industrial and hand-crafted design elements, the 140-seat dining room captures the surrounding urban cityscape and channels an airy, Mediterranean setting. The space invites you to relax with live music at the 30-seat full bar and lounge, host events in the private dining area, or enjoy front-row seating around the open kitchen with a custom hearth, the heart and soul of Bellota.
Joel Ehrlich, Chef de Cuisine at Bellota, played an integral role in developing and opening Bellota, and is currently responsible for running the Spanish restaurant's daily activity, overseeing the kitchen and team, and ushering guests through an immersive culinary experience. Previously Executive Sous Chef under Ryan McIlwraith, Ehrlich is known for his hard work ethic, motivational leadership, and intricate knowledge of authentic Spanish cuisine.
Ehrlich, born in Fort Lauderdale, returned to Florida after graduating from the College of Culinary Arts at Johnson & Wales University. After an invaluable tutelage under Nick Morfogen, Ehrlich moved to California to serve as line cook—and eventually sous chef—at Michael Chiarello's Tra Vigne in Napa Valley. Ehrlich continued sharpening his skills in other acclaimed wine country restaurants including Martini House by Todd Humphries, Viansa Sonoma Winery, Brannan's Grill in Calistoga, and Michelin-starred Bistro Jeanty.
Alongside Ryan McIlwraith, Ehrlich served as Executive Sous Chef at Michael Chiarello's Bottega Napa Valley and as a part of the opening team at award-winning Coqueta in San Francisco. He continued his partnership with McIlwraith in the subsequent transition to The Absinthe Group. The duo's extensive travels in Spain allowed Ehrlich to immerse himself in the rich Spanish culture and formulate a clear vision as to how that could translate to guests at Bellota. His favorite experiences abroad include exploring jamon houses in the Extremadura region, learning about Sherry in San Lucar de Barrameda, and shopping the boqueria market in Barcelona.
In his spare time, Ehrlich enjoys experimenting with home farming and fermenting, and remaining active with jiu jitsu and a wide variety of outdoor activities.
Collin Nicholas is responsible for the Spanish restaurant's comprehensive and innovative beverage menu, overseeing the talented bar team and guiding guests on a journey through the drinking traditions of Spain.
Nicholas, a Bay Area native, began his hospitality career by waiting tables and bartending throughout high school and college. Upon graduation from Loyola Marymount University, he was hired by a restaurant group in Italy, BC Hospitality, to help establish a chain of cocktail bars, clubs, and restaurants. While abroad, Nicholas traveled extensively and spent much of his free time exploring the numerous regions of Spain, where he gained a deep understanding and appreciation for the dining and drinking traditions of the country. In 2013, he returned to the States to attend The Institute of Culinary Education in New York City. After several years of bar development in NYC with the Epicurean Management group, he returned to San Francisco, hired as part of the opening team at Mourad.
Joining Absinthe Group Bar Director Jonny Raglin, Executive Chef Ryan McIlwraith, and The Absinthe Group team to develop Bellota allowed Nicholas to rediscover his passion for Spanish culture and traditions. Embracing the experiences of his travels, Nicholas delivers a culturally-focused beverage experience that accents Chef McIlwraith's robust Spanish dishes. Offering an ingredient-focused cocktail menu that changes with the seasons, Nicholas is well-versed in modern cocktail development. He specializes in the Spanish staples of sherry, dry cider, and sangria, and the creative, deconstructed Spanish-style "gin tonic."
As General Manager at Bellota, Tracy Smyth brings with her more than 25 years of experience in hospitality. Formerly of Foreign Cinema, Tracy combines her talent for taking care of people with a tireless dedication to great service.
Michael Goss is responsible for the Spanish restaurant's detailed and inviting wine list. Serving as a knowledgeable and approachable guide for diners as they consider the wine list, Goss encourages guests to explore new varietals, test new pairings, or find a long-lost favorite.
Goss is a Cleveland native with more than 20 years of restaurant experience, starting out as a busboy and working virtually every position on his way up the ladder. After several years as a line cook, baker, and bartender respectively, Goss found his passion for wine. He earned his WSET advanced certificate, and worked as a sommelier in several renowned San Francisco establishments, including Foreign Cinema, 25 Lusk, and The Absinthe Group's Absinthe Brasserie & Bar before joining the Bellota team in early 2016 to lead the wine program. Being a part of The Absinthe Group team has allowed Goss to take on the challenges of expanding his horizons and continuing to learn about wine, while sharing his extensive knowledge with guests.
A San Francisco resident for well over ten years, Goss enjoys the exquisite food and drink of the city, while also taking every opportunity to enjoy the outdoors, including camping, snowboarding, golfing, hiking, and more.
As Executive Pastry Chef for The Absinthe Group, Stephanie Kimura oversees all aspects of the pastry departments for the group's San Francisco dining establishments: Absinthe Brasserie & Bar, Boxing Room, Comstock Saloon, Arlequin Cafe and Bellota. Stephanie first joined the organization in 2013 as pastry sous chef at Absinthe Brasserie & Bar, where she quickly became known for her hard work, beautiful plating and rich flavorful desserts.
As Director of Bars for The Absinthe Group, Jonny Raglin oversees bar operations at Absinthe Brasserie & Bar, Comstock Saloon, Boxing Room, and Bellota. A native Oklahoman, Jonny's favorite place in the world is Spain, where you take your time to eat tapas, stroll leisurely, and drink dry ciders, vermouths, sherries and "gin tonics" copiously.
Bill Russell-Shapiro, proprietor of The Absinthe Group, is recognized as one of San Francisco's top restaurateurs. He dedicates himself to the well-being of his staff, and to providing guests with memorable food and drink experiences at Absinthe Brasserie & Bar, Arlequin Cafe, Arlequin Wine Merchant, Boxing Room, Comstock Saloon, and the vibrant Spanish restaurant, Bellota.
Director of Operations and Vice President of The Absinthe Group, he was the original General Manager of Absinthe Brasserie & Bar, and previously managed Sierra Mar at Post Ranch Inn, where he oversaw what was then the largest wine list in California.
The Absinthe Group
Bill Russell-Shapiro – Proprietor
Eric Vreede – VP of Operations
Stephanie Kimura – Executive Pastry Chef
Jonny Raglin – Director of Bars
The Absinthe Group (TAG), founded and managed by food-industry veteran Bill Russell-Shapiro, creates and operates unique, high-quality food and wine enterprises. TAG includes a carefully built collection of seven businesses, five of which are located in the Hayes Valley neighborhood of San Francisco. They are overseen by TAG Vice President Eric Vreede, Executive Pastry Chef Stephanie Kimura, and Bar Director Jonny Raglin. These include Absinthe Brasserie & Bar, Absinthe Private Dining, Arlequin Café and Food-To-Go, Arlequin Wine Merchant, Barcino, Bellota, and Comstock Saloon in North Beach.


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"Excellent Care"
About: Dorset County Hospital Dorset County Hospital Dorchester DT1 2JY
Posted via NHS Choices
My 3 year old daughter was admitted to A and E with SOB and respiratory distress. The A and E staff were fast acting and recognisied a detereating patient instantly, they were very busy But got us been by a pediatric Dr very quickly. So to the the lady Dr, I thank you very much for your fast and diligent care. We were then transferred to kingfisher ward. Again the staff were fantastic a special thanks to the staff there on Sunday 3/5/14 evening and the Sister. We thank you all, From start to finish. More media attention needs to be focused on this excellent care, you could not want better. Thanks again Freya Scott's parents.
Response from Dorset County Hospital 3 years ago
Thank you for such lovely comments on how well the Emergency Department team and Kingfisher Ward staff for your daughter; I will make sure this is shared with the teams. It is really upsetting as a parent to see your child in such distress and so I am particularly pleased that you felt our staff acted swiftly and you felt they were in control of the situation. I am very grateful to you for taking the time to write your review and I hope your daughter is now fit and well. Kind regards, Alison Tong, Director of Nursing, Dorset County Hospital.
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Sihkos' Story, Part III: Guy Hill Residential School
The third in a series by a residential school survivor who attended institutions in Saskatchewan and Manitoba in the 1950s.
Interactive Indigenous Insight
The third in a series by a residential school survivor who attended institutions in Saskatchewan and Manitoba in the 1950s.
Department's skyrocketing litigation costs contradict its stated commitment to First Nations collaboration, critics say
Act requires First Nations to publish financial statements, including political salaries and expenses; opponents argue it's unnecessary, even hypocritical
The second in an ongoing series of writings by a survivor of Canada's residential school system.
Why shutting down debate about Idle No More's next steps in favour of some false "unity" might risk the death of the movement
With the squeeze on Senators to identify themselves based on where they live, I'm reminded of how identity-by-residency quandries play out among Aboriginal people
A look into the reasons behind the Canadian Senate launching so much legislation undermining the rights of Indigenous peoples
Looking back at the Ministers who've held the portfolio over the decades, one wonders how much it really matters who's next
Why Valentine's Day might not quite inspire Indigenous women (and those who love them) with wholly-manufactured visions of flowers and chocolate
The movement's paid scant attention to the part provinces have played in perpetuating the challenges faced by Indigenous communities. That must change.
The Federal Court rules Canada must live up to its responsibilities to certain Métis and Non-Status Indians; the federal government says it can't afford to
For a Manitoba mother whose daughter continues to recover from years of treatment for an extremely rare muscle cancer, life remains a day-to-day affair
What this new wave of communal resistance among Canada's First Nations have in common with demonstrations during the height of South African apartheid
Mainstream media that try to distil a whirlwind of voices and visions into a soundbite or two, risk confusing their audiences as to who and what Idle No More is actually about
Complete the following sentence: "Idle No More has…"
I didn't really mean to be too provocative with that headline. (Okay, that's a lie. Still, if it got your attention…) But, I have to say it: all these calls of late for nation-to-nation relationships between the Crown and Indigenous peoples? They don't appear to have been backed up in practice on much if not […]
As people frantically try to get a handle on the explosive, never-a-dull-day developments in Indian Country lately, one recent exchange in the media caught my attention: the battle to characterize and frame the semi-spontaneous events on the ground collectively known as 'Idle No More.' The exchange began when National Post columnist Andrew Coyne asserted the […]
Federal Court rules that metis and non-status indians fall under the definition of "indians" under section 91 (24) of the Canadian Constitution.
Jane Glennon (Woodland Cree), B.A., B.S.W., M.S.W., is a retired social worker, counsellor and teacher who currently lives in Prince Albert, SK. A member of the Peter Ballantyne Cree Nation, her published work includes "Traditional Parenting," a chapter in the book, As We See… Aboriginal Pedagogy (University of Saskatchewan Extension Press, 1998). = = = […]
Earlier this week, from Goose Bay to Yellowknife, thousands of Nehiyaw, Dene, Metis peoples (joined by Canadians supportive of them) gathered in front of provincial legislatures, constituency and Aboriginal Affairs offices. They sang honour songs, danced jigs, and waved their flags and homemade protest signs out in the cold and the wind. This hash-tag movement […]


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The Ohio State University
Office of Student Life : Creating the Extraordinary
Student Experience
*Projects, updates, and events to come - stay tuned!
The Academic Affairs committee will work diligently to improve various academic aspects of each undergraduate student's experience at The Ohio State University. We will strive to serve students effectively by making academic programs and services of the university more efficient and accessible to students. Ultimately, we hope to enhance each student's educational experience by improving their ability to effectively and efficiently achieve their vast academic goals.
In order to successfully improve each student's academic experience, input from our student body is a necessity. If you have suggestions or ideas regarding academic advising, textbooks, study abroad, research, course registration, or any other academic-related issue, please let us know. Please don't hesitate to e-mail Director of Academic Affiairs Samer Abusway at firstname.lastname@example.com.
The Ohio State University
The Ohio State University - Undergraduate Student Government
Ohio Union, 1739 N. High St., Columbus, OH 43210
Phone: 614-292-2101 | firstname.lastname@example.com
If you have trouble accessing this page,
request an alternate format.


text:
Half a million dollars can buy a mansion in some markets. In others, not so much.
These homes are more than 2.5 times more expensive than the national median home value of $195,300, as calculated by Zillow. But that doesn't mean you'll get 2.5 times more space.
In San Francisco or New York City, $500,000 doesn't go very far. In these pricey metro areas, you'll find lots of studio condos and co-ops with 400 square feet or less in this price range. However, building amenities like rooftop decks may provide a little more space for the money.
In the middle of the country, on the other hand, buyers can find home in Topeka and Indianapolis with about 6,000 square feet of living space on large lots with amenities like swimming pools, home theaters and three- or four-car garages.
Click ahead to see 10 homes you can buy for $500,000 in cities across the country.


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+511 213 9999
Av. La Paz 610 Lima 18 Peru
Location The hotel is strategically located in the heart of Miraflores District, the financial, entertainment and most important commercial area of Lima, just 20 minutes from the city centre. The beach at Costa Verde is around a 15-minute ride with public transport. Facilities Guests can enjoy a pleasant stay in one of the 84 rooms. In the air-conditioned hotel, travellers are welcomed at the reception area with 24-hour reception and a 24-hour check-in/check-out service. Most of the storeys can be reached by lift. Amenities include a cloakroom, a safe and a currency exchange service. Wireless internet access in public areas allows guests to stay connected. Among the culinary options available at the accommodation are a restaurant, a dining area, a breakfast room, a café and a bar. Travellers can buy daily essentials at the supermarket. Guests can buy souvenirs at the gift shop. Additional facilities at the establishment include a newspaper stand. Those arriving in their own vehicles can leave them in the car park of the hotel. Additional services include medical assistance, a transfer service, room service and a laundry service. Rooms Each of the rooms is appointed with air conditioning, central heating and a bathroom. The standard features of most rooms include a balcony. The rooms have a double bed or a king-size bed. Extra beds can be requested. A safe and a minibar are also available. Guests will also find a fridge included as standard. An ironing set is also available for travellers' convenience. Little extras, including internet access, a telephone, a TV, a radio and WiFi, contribute to a great stay. Rooms suitable for wheelchair access are bookable. The bathrooms are fitted with a shower and a bathtub. A hairdryer is also available. Bathrooms with wheelchair access can also be booked. Sports/Entertainment The accommodation offers a gym (for a fee) to guests. Meals Bed and breakfast is bookable. Available meals include breakfast, lunch and dinner. Special meals, including special dietary cuisine, are also available. The establishment also offers special catering options. Payment The following credit cards are accepted at the hotel: American Express, VISA, Diners Club and MasterCard.


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Serpent Anti-Roll Bar Nut Set (2)
This item is discontinued and no longer available for purchase. You may want to search our site for a similar item.
|Low Price:
Discontinued Online
This is a replacement Serpent Anti-Roll Bar Nut Set, and is intended for use with the Serpent S811 Cobra 1/8 buggy. These nuts are installed in the suspension arms, and hold the sway bar pivot balls in place.
This product was added to our catalog on June 4, 2010.


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New Delhi, Aug 26 (IANS) Two robbers involved in many cases of snatching and roadside robberies in Delhi have been arrested, police said on Wednesday.
Deepak alias Deepu (22) and Babar Khan (20) were arrested by Delhi Police from Kakrola area of west Delhi. Both are residents of Dwarka.
Police said nine cases of robbery, snatching and theft have been solved after their arrest.
Police recently received information about a gang of robbers active in west Delhi. It was believed that this gang was behind many recent roadside robberies.
"On Tuesday evening, we received a tip that two notorious robbers — Deepak and Khan — would come to Kakrola on a stolen white scooty," a police official said.
A trap was laid and the two were apprehended. The white scooty, having a fake number plate, and four stolen mobile phones were seized, the official said.
"They used stolen motorcycles or fake number plates to avoid detection," he added.
"Deepak had many girlfriends and regularly visited discotheques in Gurgaon. He also arranged customers for the same on commission," the official said.
"To meet his expenses, he set up his own gang and committed robbery, snatching and theft. He also lured Khan to join him."


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Traveling Luck for Millburn Chapel, Kentucky, United States
Where is Millburn Chapel?What's around Millburn Chapel?
Wikipedia near Millburn Chapel
Where to stay near Millburn Chapel
The timezone in Millburn Chapel is America/Rankin_Inlet
Sunrise at 06:43 and Sunset at 16:40. It's Dark
Latitude. 37.0528°, Longitude. -88.7692° , Elevation. 127m
Weather near Millburn Chapel; Report from Paducah, Barkley Regional Airport, KY 1km away
Weather :
Temperature: 12°C / 54°F
Wind: 10.4km/h Southwest
Cloud: Few at 12000ft
Weather :
Temperature: 12°C / 54°F
Wind: 10.4km/h Southwest
Cloud: Few at 12000ft
Satellite map around Millburn Chapel
Loading map of Millburn Chapel and it's surroudings
Geographic features & Photographs around Millburn Chapel, in Kentucky, United States
- cemetery;
- a burial place or ground.
- Saint Thomas Cemetery (2.2km)
- Quarles Cemetery (2.3km)
- Rives Cemetery (2.3km)
- Scott Cemetery (3.4km)
- Bumpous Cemetery (3.7km)
- Cowlin Cemetery (4.9km)
- Hills Chapel Cemetery (5.1km)
- Kelley Cemetery (5.4km)
- Massac Cemetery (6.6km)
- Palestine Cemetery (6.7km)
- Graham Cemetery (7.8km)
- Thompson Cemetery (9.1km)
- Highland Cemetery (9.1km)
- Stanley Cemetery (9.2km)
- Tittsworth Cemetery (9.6km)
- Stone Cemetery (9.7km)
- Cross Cemetery (9.9km)
- Johnson Cemetery (10km)
- Harmony Cemetery (10.1km)
- populated place;
- a city, town, village, or other agglomeration of buildings where people live and work.
- Future City (3.8km)
- Lamont (3.9km)
- Camelia (4.1km)
- Maxon Crossing (4.6km)
- West Future City (4.7km)
- West Paducah (5km)
- Heath (5.2km)
- Maxon (6.5km)
- Massac (6.5km)
- Grahamville (7.6km)
- Concord (8.1km)
- Chiles (8.7km)
- church;
- a building for public Christian worship.
- West Paducah Church (2.7km)
- New Zion Church (4km)
- Mount Zion Church (4.3km)
- Maxon Church (4.5km)
- McKendree Church (4.6km)
- Palestine Church (6.7km)
- Harmony Church (7.4km)
- Spring Bayou Church (8.2km)
- New Hope Church (9.4km)
- Highland Church (9.9km)
- Pleasant Grove Church (10.1km)
- Local Feature;
- A Nearby feature worthy of being marked on a map..
- Millburn Chapel (0km)
- Maxon Station (5.1km)
- Hills Chapel (6.1km)
- Carneal Chapel (8.1km)
- Paducah Plant, Energy Research and Development Administration (9.7km)
- stream;
- a body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land.
- Little Massac Creek (3.3km)
- Middle Fork Massac Creek (5.3km)
- West Fork Massac Creek (7km)
- Black Branch (7km)
- Crooked Creek (10.3km)
Accommodation around Millburn Chapel
- school;
- building(s) where instruction in one or more branches of knowledge takes place.
- Heath High School (4.4km)
- West Paducah School (6.2km)
- Concord School (8.7km)
- Forestdale School (9.6km)
- airport;
- a place where aircraft regularly land and take off, with runways, navigational aids, and major facilities for the commercial handling of passengers and cargo.
- Barkley Regional Airport (1.2km)
- lake;
- a large inland body of standing water.
- Long Hole (7.9km)
- second-order administrative division;
- a subdivision of a first-order administrative division.
- McCracken County (7.6km)
- building(s);
- a structure built for permanent use, as a house, factory, etc..
- Little Union Community Center (2.8km)
- meteorological station;
- a station at which weather elements are recorded.
Wikipedia entries close to
Millburn Chapel
- Barkley Regional Airport airport airport
- Massac, Kentucky city city o
- Lone Oak, Kentucky city city o
- Kevil, Kentucky city city o
- Hendron, Kentucky city city o
- Metropolis, Illinois city city o
- Paducah, Kentucky city city o
- Honeywell Uranium Hexafluoride Processing Facility
- Brookport, Illinois city city o
- Woodlawn-Oakdale, Kentucky city city o
- Joppa, Illinois city city o
- La Center, Kentucky city city o
- Blandville, Kentucky city city o
- Reidland, Kentucky city city o
- Ledbetter, Kentucky city city o
- Barlow, Kentucky city city o
Airports close to Millburn Chapel
Campbell aaf(HOP), Hopkinsville, Usa (150.6km)
Arkansas international(BYH), Blytheville, Usa (199.5km)


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Ryan Pronto
Listed by Jim Campbell Real Estate
Ideal year-round home of family retreat with 100ft of water frontage on beautiful Brownington Pond. You will love the quiet setting and privacy that the pond offers; along with great fishing, boating, kayaking, canoeing and more. This property started out as a camp built in the 1960's and the sellers family love it enough to totally renovate in 2003 (new foundation, framing, rafters, insulation, plumbing, electrical, etc.). The main level offers 2 bedrooms, bath and large open kit/din/liv area. The walkout lower level currently offers 1 bedroom and has potential to easily be finished into additional living area. Detached garage, shed, 15' above-ground pool, dock and brand new engineered septic system all included at a great price. This property is well worth taking a look at today.
Date Showings Begin:
Delayed Showing: Unknown


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Hamas planning to celebrate pullout
Photo: Reuters
GAZA - The Hamas is planning to hold a huge victory celebration after Israel completes its withdrawal from Gush Katif, including parades similar to those held by Hizbullah after the IDF pulled out of Lebanon.
Sources in Gaza said the terror group already purchased 30,000 uniforms ahead of the planned victory parades. The Hamas also acquired open vehicles, to be used in the expected rallies.
The movement is hoping to utilize the parades to convey the message that the Gaza Strip withdrawal is a direct result of the group's military triumph over Israel.
Pullout Nearing
By Alex Fishman
Former deputy Shin Bet chief says terror group's 'center of gravity' shifting to its political wing; dismisses grim post-pullout forecasts
The Hamas is apparently also planning to bring tens of thousands of its supporters to Gush Katif communities in order to celebrate there too, once the withdrawal is completed.
'Hamas wants to boost its influence'
Sources in Gaza said Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas can ask the Hamas to refrain from celebrating and hold its fire before the IDF withdraws from Gaza, but would have difficulty exercising his influence on the group once the pullout is a done deal.
"From the moment IDF forces leave, there is no chance Abu Mazen (Abbas) would have control over the Hamas and its people," one source said. "What's more, the Hamas would attempt to take advantage of the evacuation in order to boost its influence and popularity on the Palestinian street."
Meanwhile, IDF sources warned that the terror group continues to rearm itself despite the relative lull in violence. The Hamas is also continuing to develop weapons, produce Qassam rockets, and train more members, the sources said.
See all talkbacks "Hamas plans victory parades"


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Eight terror suspects arrested in France
French anti-terror police on Tuesday arrested 11 men who they suspect are linked to terrorists. Eight men were arrested in cities in southern France, on suspicion of trafficking weapons and explosives, according to French website 20.minutes.fr. A further three men were detained for being part of an extremist group planning on providing cover to Jihadists. Read more: Australian Herald Sun
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Description :
Permanent Account Number (PAN) is a ten-digit alphanumeric number, issued in the form of a laminated card, by the Income Tax Department. It is mandatory to quote PAN on return of income, all correspondence with any income tax authority, challans for any payments due to Income Tax Department, all documents pertaining to financial transactions notified by the Central Board of Direct Taxes, sale and purchase of immovable property or motor vehicle or payments in cash, of amounts exceeding INR 25,000 to hotels and restaurants or in connection with travel to foreign country, obtaining a telephone or cellular telephone connection, making a time deposit exceeding INR 50,000 with a Bank or Post Office or depositing cash of INR 50,000 or more in a Bank. S2NRI we will assist the applicant in filling up the form (Form 49A), collect the filled form and submit it to the IT PAN Services centers and provide the acknowledgement number to check the status on issuance of PAN Card, where the applicant already have a PAN number but do not have the PAN Card or if it was applied and haven't received it and follow up is needed then S2NRI will follow up on the same with the Income Tax Department and revert on the status.
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S2NRI cannot be held responsible for any bureaucratic delays or delays due to insufficient or delayed information /documentation provided by the client.Estimated time for completion of task is : 2 to 4 weekPrice : $100.00
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'Brexit is about IMMIGRATION so there's no way UK can stay in single market', analyst says
A HARD Brexit without membership to the single market will be "inevitable", according to a political risk analyst.
Brexit expert Carsten Nickel, of advisory firm Teneo Intelligence, told CNBC that there was no way around Britain losing its single market membership following the EU referendum.
He said: "The whole conversation in the run-up to the referendum was really about limiting immigration to the UK.
"Now if you want to do that, if you want to deliver on that – this is clearly Theresa May's job now – it is clear that the EU is going to demand an economic price for that in return.
"And as soon as we're in that scenario then we're in the hard Brexit scenario, so in my view, there's no way around a situation where the UK loses membership of the single market."
Brexit expert Carsten Nickel, right, says Theresa May will find it hard to avoid a "hard Brexit"
In my view there's no way around a situation where the UK loses membership of the single market
Mr Nickel said relations between Mrs May and her ministers at home would play a key role in any attempt to 'soften' the Brexit.
Replying to questions over making Brexit 'less hard', he said: "I think this is really a conversation to be had in domestic UK politics.
"So the question is how much concessions can she make to her European partners, for instance on the migration front, but also when we're talking, for instance, UK contributions to the EU budget.
"How how much leeway does she have? She's under a lot of constraints from the Eurosceptics in her cabinet and in her own party. The more leeway she gains at home the softer the Brexit she can negotiate in Brussels."
More than 17million people voted to leave the EU
Speaking about the Prime Minister's strategy going into negotiations, Mr Nickel predicted she "probably" wants a "soft Brexit".
He said: "I think her strategy personally is probably to steer as far in the direction of the soft Brexit as possible.
"But again, lets keep in mind that all relevant ministers in charge of the negotiations and the relevant portfolios are hard Brexiteers – and that we used to refer to the Eurosceptics as the backbenchers in the Tory party, and now they're clearly the majority.
"She's really facing a battle there domestically first of all."


text:
05/01/2016 Property for sale
A newly constructed 6 bedrooms 4-storey building is available for immediate sale at Bhawanipore. A good place and location within the heart of the city which is only 10 minutes away from the Metro tube railway station. The property details are given below:
Bedrooms: 6 Bathrooms: 6 Kitchen: 3 Separate Other Space: Large drawing with dinning place Plot area: 126.521 Sq.mtr. (1361 Sq.ft.) Super Builtup: 86.11Sq.mtr. (927 Sq.ft.) Carpet Area: 68.934 Sq.mtr. (742 Sq.ft.) Flooring: Marble Floor: G+3 Parking: 5 Covered Possession: Immediate Status: Vacant Location: Bhawanipore, Kolkata Metro Station: Netaji Bhawan Nearest Area: 15 minutes walking to Exide crossing, 13 minutes to Inox Forum, 20 minutes to Sir Ashutosh College Price: 3.9 Crore
All the property related documents are ready and up-to-date. Bank loan can be avail. Please contact only the serious candidate because it is available immediate for sale.
Terms & Conditions: Subject to Availability on enquiry, Inspection by Appointment only,
Call Zamin Property 9038027509, Brokerage fees: 2% of the total sale consideration with applicable Service Taxes. Contact us for Best Properties! www.zaminproperty.com


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This program addresses the lagacy that those Hungarians left behind in California who arrived here before the American Civil War, and those who came after the Second World War. Some participated in the civil war, some started vineyards, others established churches or became the leaders od Hungarian cultural centers.This is an English Hungarian bilingual program.
Ez a program azoknak a magyaroknak a hatrahagyott Californiai orokseget mutatja be akik vagy az amerikai polgarhaboru elott erkeztek ide, vagy a masodik vilaghaboru utan jottek Californiaba. Volt aki reszt vett a polgarhaboruban, volt aki szoloskertet alapitott, volt aki Magyar kulturkozpontnak lett a vezetoje es volt aki egyhazat alapitott.
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Template >> Business Card - Business Card Template Butcher Leg o 38900 by patrimonio @ CreativeMarket
File Size: 1.56 MB; Requirements: Adobe CS1+; Layered: Yes; DPI: 300 DPI; Dimensions: 3.5 x 2 in.
Business card template showing illustration of a butcher cutter meat worker holding a leg of meat facing front done in retro style on isolated background.
PSD file is layered, so you can easily edit and customize.
Optimized for printing / 300 dpi.
CMYK color mode.
3.5" x 2" (full bleed included 3.75" x 2.25")
Fonts used: Arial (system font) and Corbel http://www.cufonfonts.com/en/font/12051/corbel
Keywords: business card, butcher, cutter, worker, meat worker, meat, holding, apron, man, male, illustration, artwork, graphics, retro, isolated, business card template.


text:
South Coast's Company is a tight knit group of dancers (and families) who have chosen dance as their sport. Company dancers commit to an elevated training schedule as well as multiple weekly rehearsals. Through these hours of training and rehearsals, fast friendships are made. The dancers regularly do homework together in our lounge area, as well as cheer each other on at numerous competitions and community events. While the focus of Company is on training and performance, the excitement isn't limited to the studio! Sleep overs, summer workshops in LA, and holiday parties all add to the fun and family oriented feel of South Coast's Company.
Competition Make Up
New Item This Year
Foundation & Powder -
According to your skin tone
Blush -
MAC (powder) Plum Foolery
Eye Shadow -
MAC Charcoal Brown & Matte Shroom
Eyeliner -
MAC (fluid line) Black Tracks
Eyeliner Brush -
#266 small angle
Mascara -
Your Preference - BLACK
Lip Liner -
MAC Mahogany
Lip Stick -
Eyelashes -
According to eye shape and size
Jacquelyn's Class
Check out these ladies in Miss Jacquelyn's Lyrical class!!! They were feeling it!!!!!Posted by South Coast Performing Arts: Tustin Dance Studio on Wednesday, October 28, 2015


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 14, 2005
|Filing date
|Feb 24, 2003
|Priority date
|Feb 24, 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Frank D. Egitto, Voya P. Markovich, Thomas R. Miller
|Original Assignee
|Endicott Interconnect Technologies, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (13), Referenced by (12), Classifications (16), Legal Events (17)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to circuitized substrates and particularly multilayered circuit boards and to processes for manufacture of the same. More particularly, the invention relates to new multilayered circuit boards having increased chip and other component attachment capacities and further characterized by increased circuit density.
Multilayer circuit boards (MLBs) permit formation of multiple circuits in a minimum volume or space. These typically comprise a stack of layers of signal, ground and/or power planes (lines) separated from each other by a layer of dielectric material. The lines are often in electrical contact with each other by plated holes passing through the dielectric layers. The plated holes are often referred to as "vias".
Known processes for fabricating MLBs typically comprise fabrication of separate innerlayer circuits, which are formed by coating a photosensitive layer or film over a copper layer of a copper clad innerlayer base material. The photosensitive coating is imaged, developed and etched to form conductor lines. After etching, the photosensitive film is stripped from the copper leaving the circuit pattern on the surface of the innerlayer base material.
After formation of individual innerlayer circuits, a multilayer stack is formed by preparing a lay-up of innerlayers, ground planes, power planes, etc., typically separated from each other by a dielectric pre-preg typically comprising a layer of glass cloth impregnated with partially cured material, typically a B-stage epoxy resin. The top and bottom outer layers of the stack comprise copper clad, glass filled, epoxy planar boards with the copper cladding comprising exterior surfaces of the stack. The stack is laminated to form a monolithic structure using heat and pressure to fully cure the B-stage resin. The stack so formed typically has copper cladding on both of its exterior surfaces. Exterior circuit layers are formed in the copper cladding using procedures similar to the procedures used to form the innerlayer circuits. A photosensitive film is applied to the copper cladding. The coating is exposed to patterned activating radiation and developed. An etchant is then used to remove copper bared by the development of the photosensitive film. Finally, the remaining photosensitive film is removed to provide the exterior circuit layers.
Conductive vias (or interconnects) are used to electrically connect individual circuit layers within an MLB to each other and to the outer surfaces and typically pass through all or a portion of the stack. Vias are generally formed prior to the formation of circuits on the exterior surfaces by drilling holes through the stack at appropriate locations. Following several pre-treatment steps, the walls of the vias are catalyzed by contact with a plating catalyst and metallized, typically by contact with an electroless or electrolytic copper plating solution to form conductive pathways between circuit layers. Following formation of the vias, exterior circuits, or outerlayers are formed using the procedure described above.
Following MLB construction, chips and other electrical components are mounted at appropriate locations on the exterior circuit layers of the multilayer stack, typically using solder mount pads to bond the components to the MLB. The components are in electrical contact with the circuits within the MLB through the conductive vias. The pads are typically formed by coating an organic solder mask coating over the exterior circuit layers. The solder mask may be applied by screen coating a liquid solder mask coating material over the surface of the exterior circuit layers using a screen having openings defining areas where solder mount pads are to be formed. Alternatively, a photoimageable solder mask may be coated onto the board and exposed and developed to yield an array of openings defining the pads. The openings are then coated with solder using procedures known to the art such as wave soldering.
Complexity of MLBs has increased significantly over the past few years. For example, boards for mainframe computers may have as many as 36 layers of circuitry or more, with the complete stack having a thickness of about 0.250 inch. These boards are typically designed with three or five mil wide signal lines and twelve mil diameter vias. For increased densification in many of today's MLBs, the industry desires to reduce signal lines to a width of two mils or less and vias to a diameter of two mils or less. Most known commercial procedures, especially those of the nature described hereinabove, are incapable of economically forming the dimensions desired by the industry.
In addition to decreasing line width and via diameter, the industry also desires to avoid manufacturing problems frequently associated with MLB manufacture. As described above, current procedures utilize innerlayer materials that are glass-reinforced resin or other suitable dielectric material layers having a thickness of from about four to five mils clad with copper on both surfaces. The glass reinforcing material is used to contribute strength and rigidity to the MLB stack. However, since lamination is typically at a temperature above 150� C., the resinous portion of the laminate shrinks during cooling to the extent permitted by the rigid copper cladding. If the copper is etched to form a discontinuous pattern, laminate shrinkage may not be restrained by the copper cladding. This problem is exacerbated as feature size decreases. Consequently, further shrinkage may occur. The shrinkage may have an adverse affect on dimensional stability and registration between board layers.
The first step to form a MLB involves lay-up of layers prior to lamination. Care must be exercised to avoid shifting of the innerlayers during lamination. Otherwise, the layers will not be aligned and electrical contact between layers will not be achieved. In addition, during lay-up, air may be trapped in spaces adjacent signal lines because a solid pre-preg is laid over the signal lines that does not completely fill all recesses between signal lines. Care must be taken to evacuate such entrapped air. Residual air pockets can cause defects and subsequent problems during use of the multilayer board.
The use of glass reinforced inner and outerlayer materials creates additional problems. The glass fiber is needed for board strength. However, when holes are drilled to form vias, glass fibers can extend into the holes and, if so, must be removed prior to metallization. Removal creates the need for additional pretreatment steps such as the use of glass etchants to remove glass fibrils extending into the holes. If the glass is not removed, a loss of continuity might occur in the metal deposit. In addition, the glass fibers add weight and thickness to the overall MLB. Materials which do not require reinforced glass fiber (or as much as previous materials) or the like have also been developed to overcome this particular problem.
One improvement in the manufacture of MLBs is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,246,817. In accordance with the procedures of the '817 patent, manufacture of the MLB comprises sequential formation of layers using photosensitive dielectric coatings and selective metal deposition procedures. In accordance with the process of the patent, the first layer of the board is formed over a temporary or permanent carrier that may become an integral part of the board. When the carrier is a circuit, the process comprises formation of a dielectric coating over the circuit with imaged openings defining the vias. The imaged openings may be obtained by exposure of a photosensitive dielectric coating to activating radiation through a mask in an imaged pattern followed by development to form the imaged openings. Alternatively, imaging may be by laser ablation in which case, the dielectric material need not be photosensitive. Metal is deposited into the recesses within the dielectric coating to form vias. Thereafter, an additional layer of dielectric is coated onto the first dielectric layer, imaged in a pattern of circuit lines, and the recesses are then plated with metal. Alternatively, after imaging the first dielectric coating, it may be coated with a second dielectric coating and imaged and the recesses plated with metal to form the vias and circuit lines simultaneously. By either process, the walls of the imaged opening or recesses in the dielectric coating contain metal as it deposits during plating and assures a desired cross-sectional shape of the deposit. Plating desirably fills the entire recess within the imaged photosensitive coating. The process is repeated sequentially to form sequential layers of circuits and vias.
The method disclosed in this patent include alternative selective metal plating methods whereby metal is selectively deposited within the imaged openings to render the same conductive. The procedures disclosed in the patent involve selectively depositing metal in imaged openings without increase in the surface resistivity of an underlying substrate between conductor lines. Selective metal deposition may be performed by several new techniques disclosed in the patent to avoid increased conductivity between signal lines. The selective deposition procedures of the '817 patent typically involve multiple coating steps using sacrificial layers.
Other examples of methods of making circuitized substrates such as MLBs are described and illustrated in the following documents:
Shelnut et al
Thorn et al
Suzuki et al
Hsu et al
Japp et al
As described herein, the present invention represents a significant improvement over processes such as those above in the production of circuitized substrates such as MLBs. One particularly significant feature of this invention is the provision of conductive material within the product's vias (openings) using a commoning bar or layer such that two and more consecutive openings can be provided with the necessary conductive material to perform the necessary connective functions required of such vias. Another feature is the provision of such conductive material without the need for a "seed layer" during at least part of the product's formation; such seed layers are often required in many plating operations for MLBs and related products having conductive circuitry as part thereof.
It is believed that such an invention will represent a significant advancement in the art.
It is a primary object of the invention to enhance the art of circuitized substrates.
It is another object to provide a new and unique method of making a circuitized substrate which is adaptable to current manufacturing procedures, yet results in a simplified usage thereof to thereby result in a product of reduced cost.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of making a circuitized substrate wherein the method comprises providing a first dielectric layer, securing a first conductive layer to said first dielectric layer, forming at least one first opening within the dielectric layer, the at least one opening extending through the entire thickness of the dielectric layer, electroplating a first quantity of conductive material within the at least one opening using the conductive layer as a commoning layer for the electroplating, securing a second dielectric layer to the first dielectric layer, providing at least one second opening within the second dielectric layer in substantial alignment with the at least one first opening in the first dielectric layer, and electroplating a second quantity of conductive material within the at least one second opening, again using the first conductive layer as a commoning layer for the electroplating of the second quantity of conductive material. Subsequent vertically aligned conductive openings (vias) can then be formed, using the same commoning layer.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a circuitized substrate made using the aforementioned teachings.
According to yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided an information handling system including as part thereof a circuitized substrate made in accordance with the teachings herein.
All of the above FIGS. are side elevational views, taken in section. Some are obviously of larger scale, for illustration purposes.
For a better understanding of the present invention, together with other and further objects, advantages and capabilities thereof, reference is made to the following disclosure and appended claims in connection with the above-described drawings. It is understood that like numerals will be used to indicate like elements from FIG. to FIG.
By the term "circuitized substrate" as used herein is meant to include a substrate which includes at least one dielectric layer having an opening therein and some conductive material included therein adapted for providing electrical coupling through the opening to various elements, e.g., signal pads or lines, electronic components, e.g., chip-containing modules, resistors, capacitors, etc. One example of such a substrate is a printed circuit board of many layers, referred earlier herein as a MLB. This is not meant to limit the invention, however, because these teachings could also be used to produce other examples, including modules where the dielectric material is ceramic, etc.
"Information handling system" as used herein shall mean any instrumentality or aggregate of instrumentalities primarily designed to compute, classify, process, transmit, receive, retrieve, originate, switch, store, display, manifest, measure, detect, record, reproduce, handle or utilize any form of information, intelligence or data for business, scientific, control or other purposes. Examples include personal computers and larger processors such as servers, mainframes, etc.
By the term "electroplating" as used herein is meant a plating process in which a metallic coating (layer) or similar quantity of metallic material is deposited onto a conductive material placed in an electrolytic bath composed of a solution of the salt of the metal to be plated.
In a preferred embodiment, dielectric layer 11 includes a thickness of from about 1 mil to about 4 mils. Opening 13 is preferably provided using laser ablation, a procedure known in printed circuit board technology. The structure of
Although only one opening 13 is shown in dielectric layer 11, it is understood that several such openings are possible (and most likely) if the final product formed herein is to be an MLB or the like structure in order to assure the desired operational requirements thereof, particularly the circuit densities commanded in such products today. One example of such a product is described in detail below.
The aforementioned electrolytic plating procedure involves the placement of the structure shown in
The resulting structure, as shown in
The resulting thickness for the structure of
It is seen in
The embodiment of
Structure 47, as provided, thus provides electrical coupling between a first electronic component 53 or the like (shown in phantom in
Structure 47 is also designed for being electrically coupled to an underlying substrate or the like, including a much larger MLB 55 (shown in phantom in
The structure of
Thus there has been shown and described a new and unique method of making a circuitized substrate which will provide greater circuit densities and other operational characteristics better than those of many known multilayered structures. The method utilizes technology in various forms as known in the art and thus can be produced at relatively less cost than many known, similarly complex structures. Although the structures shown herein include ten dielectric layers and respective conductive layers therebetween, the invention is capable of providing finalized multilayered structures possessing more or less than these with as many layers needed to achieve the final thickness, e.g., as many as about 50 such layers may be possible. Further, although solder balls are shown to provide the necessary connections between the components which the invention is able to couple, this is also not meant to limit the invention because other means of connection are readily possible. For example, the upper surface of structure 47 in
While there have been shown and described what are at present the preferred embodiments of the invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 30, 1990
|Sep 3, 1991
|The Carolinch Company
|Continuous electroplating apparatus
|Jan 9, 1990
|Sep 21, 1993
|Shipley Company, Inc.
|Method for manufacture of multilayer circuit board
|Jul 7, 1999
|Mar 6, 2001
|Technic Inc.
|Apparatus and method for plating wafers, substrates and other articles
|May 1, 2000
|Dec 17, 2002
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Electroplating apparatus
|May 12, 2000
|Jan 14, 2003
|Shipley Company, L.L.C.
|Sequential build circuit board
|Mar 7, 2001
|Sep 27, 2001
|Hirofumi Fujii
|Method for producing multilayer circuit board
|Sep 17, 2001
|Oct 17, 2002
|Thorn Charles Edwin
|Printed wiring boards and methods for making them
|Feb 27, 2002
|Nov 21, 2002
|Shuichi Furuya
|Multilayer substrate for a buildup with a via, and method for producing the same
|May 17, 2002
|Nov 21, 2002
|Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.
|Method of manufacturing printed wiring board
|Mar 22, 2002
|Dec 19, 2002
|Shih-Ping Hsu
|Substrate within a Ni/Au structure electroplated on electrical contact pads and method for fabricating the same
|Jun 26, 2002
|Jan 2, 2003
|Norio Kimura
|Electroplating apparatus and method
|Feb 16, 2001
|Jan 30, 2003
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Drill stack formation
|Oct 3, 2002
|Apr 8, 2004
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Electronic package with filled blinds vias
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 1, 2005
|May 1, 2007
|Endicott Interconnect Technologies, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for depositing conductive paste in circuitized substrate openings
|Dec 4, 2006
|Mar 10, 2009
|Endicott Interconnect Technologies, Inc.
|Interposer and test assembly for testing electronic devices
|Dec 1, 2009
|Aug 21, 2012
|Endicott Interconnect Technologies, Inc.
|Method of making high density interposer and electronic package utilizing same
|Nov 30, 2009
|Mar 26, 2013
|Endicott Interconnect Technologies, Inc.
|Electronic package including high density interposer and circuitized substrate assembly utilizing same
|Dec 8, 2009
|Sep 10, 2013
|Tdk Corporation
|Multilayer circuit board and method for manufacturing the same
|Mar 28, 2014
|Aug 2, 2016
|STATS ChipPAC Pte. Ltd.
|Integrated circuit packaging system with photoimagable dielectric-defined trace and method of manufacture thereof
|Jun 30, 2016
|Jun 13, 2017
|STATS ChipPAC Pte. Ltd.
|Integrated circuit packaging system with photoimagable dielectric-defined trace and method of manufacture thereof
|Sep 1, 2005
|Mar 1, 2007
|Endicott Interconnect Technologies, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for depositing conductive paste in circuitized substrate openings
|Dec 4, 2006
|Apr 5, 2007
|Endicott Interconnect Technologies, Inc.
|Interposer and test assembly for testing electronic devices
|Dec 8, 2009
|Apr 8, 2010
|Tdk Corporation
|Multilayer circuit board and method for manufacturing the same
|Dec 1, 2009
|Jun 2, 2011
|Timothy Antesberger
|Method of making high density interposer and electronic package utilizing same
|Nov 30, 2009
|Jun 2, 2011
|Timothy Antesberger
|Electronic package including high density interposer and circuitized substrate assembly utilizing same
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 24, 2003
Owner name: ENDICOTT INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGIES, INC., NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:EGITTO, FRANK D.;MARKOVICH VOYA R.;MILLER THOMAS R.;REEL/FRAME:013808/0362
Effective date: 20030220
|May 10, 2005
Owner name: WACHOVIA BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS AGENT, MAS
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:ENDICOTT INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:016561/0605
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|May 18, 2007
Owner name: WACHOVIA CAPITAL FINANCE CORPORATION ( NEW ENGLAND
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|Nov 20, 2008
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|Fee payment
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|Dec 3, 2008
Owner name: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT
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|May 14, 2012
Owner name: PNC BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, PENNSYLVANIA
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:ENDICOTT INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;EI TRANSPORTATION COMPANY LLC;ENDICOTT MEDTECH, INC.;REEL/FRAME:028230/0798
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|Jan 28, 2013
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Mar 6, 2013
Owner name: INTEGRIAN HOLDINGS, LLC, NEW YORK
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|May 6, 2013
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|Jun 13, 2013
|Surcharge for late payment
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|Jun 13, 2013
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|Feb 26, 2015
Owner name: ENDICOTT INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGIES, INC., NEW YORK
Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNORS:MAINES, WILLIAM;MAINES, DAVID;REEL/FRAME:035098/0968
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|Apr 16, 2015
Owner name: I3 ELECTRONICS, INC., NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ENDICOTT INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:035442/0569
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|Nov 14, 2016
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|Nov 15, 2016
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text:
PSEB Matric result 2017 Punjab School Education board :The PSEB (Punjab board) Matric result 2017 will be published in the online only after the three months from the matric exam finish by the Punjab board. The students are expecting the PSEB Matriculation results 2017 of the May month. Most of the students from PSEB Punjab School Education Board are now they are very anxious while thinking of the result because the board will give the annual exam of public student.
PSEB Matric result 2017 Punjab School Education board
The PSEB exam will be held on March also for the vocational students the matric exam will start same like the general course, so the students are ready to appear for the exam. The students visit the online site to get the PSEB board metric results 2017 for 2nd year and 1st year courses.
Moreover, the candidate is able to get the result in the form of online where this will appear your mark sheet. From this one the candidate can collect the results on the subject. When you enter the Roll number of annual exams the Punjab board will give the PSEB Xth result 2017.
How to collect the PSEB Result Matric 2017 on Mobile Phone using SMS
- First the candidate needs to go for the message option on your mobile.
- Then type your metric roll number by entering the space, always there should be space in between the roll number and your name
- Then send your SMS to the Punjab board in order to get the update information, while sending the SMS then wait for the confirmation message from the board until the time wait for a minute. The PSEB Punjab School Education Board surrounded more than lakhs of students for the Matric exam along with the vocational candidates. The PSEB conduct the matric exam for the class 11 and class 12thof March month.


text: I graduate the academy in 4 days. On Tuesday, we will be getting sprayed. Any advice on decon? I've heard of Dawn, Johnson & Johnson baby shampoo or whole milk help with some people. I know it's going to suck BAD and I'm probably going to scream like a girl, but does anything help?