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Theo Hoppen, head of family law at MLP Law, explains that you don't have to be worth more than £700m like Sir Chris Hohn and Jamie Cooper-Hohn to take steps to ensure your business survives the break-up of your marriage.
Jamie Cooper-Hohn, the estranged wife of London hedge fund manager Sir Chris Hohn, has just been awarded £337m by a High Court judge in what is thought to be the biggest divorce payout ever awarded in an English court. The decision is the latest in a string of high-value divorce disputes along with oil tycoon Harold Hamm and Russian oligarch Boris Berezovsky.
But it's not just multi-millionaires (or billionaires) that should consider protecting their business should the worst happen.
A shareholding in a business would, in normal circumstances, be treated as part of the pot of joint property held by a married couple and therefore one of the things that needs to be counted in the fair distribution of assets upon divorce.
However, unlike a house or bank account, the division of a shareholding can have important legal implications not just for the couple but for other directors, shareholders and employees.
Dividing up a shareholding could lead to major disruption in business and cause instability and uncertainty amongst staff, suppliers, investors and anyone else with an interest in the organisation's smooth running.
Preparing for divorce is therefore a sensible and pragmatic step for business owners to take. It is about good governance, not about trying to squirrel assets away from your partner's legal team.
Consider these five steps to insulate your business from divorce proceedings:
1. Consider entering into a pre- or post-nuptial agreement with your spouse. These agreements can protect your shareholding in the event of a divorce. It is crucial that you obtain specialist legal advice to ensure that the agreement is upheld by the court on divorce.
2. Consider entering into a shareholders' agreement. This is a confidential contract between the shareholders of a company that provides additional protection around share ownership. It can provide that on divorce a shareholder's spouse is not entitled to receive any shares in the company.
3. Do not mix your business assets with your private assets. Keeping the business separate from your private wealth can help on divorce.
4. Consider whether you want to involve your spouse in the business for tax purposes. Whilst this enables to you utilise tax reliefs, your spouse's involvement in the business may strengthen his or her claim on divorce.
5. It can help if you share ownership of the business with outsiders. If there are non-family shareholders then the court is less likely to take steps which would damage the livelihoods of the other shareholders, such as ordering a sale of the business or the transfer of shares to your spouse.


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Welcome to the conference committee which has been in existence since the start of the ACDM in 1987.
Our Aims:
The purpose of the conference committee is to organise the annual conference of the ACDM and to promote the exchange of information and ideas on what is happening within the industry for Data Management professionals. The conference provides a great opportunity for all those working in Data Management and related disciplines to meet and network, the two day event brings together an exciting and informative mix of presentations, debate and breakout sessions as well the annual ball.
To contact us please email firstname.lastname@example.com
Annual Conference 2013
The 2013 ACDM conference was held at Wokefield Park, Reading, Berkshire on 18-19th March 2013.
Click here to view the presentations from the conference (available to delegates only - please note you must log in and go to the bottom of the conference tab to view)
Click here to view the full conference programme, exhibitor/sponsorship opportunities & JC Amos Award
The 2014 ACDM conference is being held at Wokefield Park, Reading, Berkshire on 9-11th March 2013.
Click here for full details, including conference programme, online booking, exhibitor and sponsorship details

subset: commoncrawl


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Stock #347-ORD
Engine: 219 CID I6
Transmission: 3-Speed Manual
Mileage: 180 ( since rebuilt )
Body Style: Sedan
Exterior Color: Black
Interior Color: Beige
For sale in our Orlando showroom is a 1941 Chevrolet Deluxe. This great "barn find" deluxe was originally purchased by a body shop owner for his own personal fun restoration project. Unfortunately the body shop fell onto some hard times and the vehicle had to be sold part way through which is where its current owner picked up the restoration. Luckily the previous owner got the chance to do what he was good at, and believe us it shows in the paint and body work on this great vintage cruiser. Done in a deep black that is set off by a host of chrome, this great Deluxe is a great asset to anyone's collection. When this vehicle was sold to the new owner she was still disassembled and through years of love and car has been brought back and ready to roll. The interior was completed by Gus's upholstery in Belle Glade FL, using period correct materials from the seats to the headliner, she's as close as you'll come to a factory fresh 41 Deluxe. This rig has not been chopped or modified in any way, and that's a very rare trait seeing as these are used as a primary canvas for hot rodders everywhere. This deluxe was treated to a new set of Coker wide white walls and as we all know, these aren't cheap. The engine is still the original rebuilt straight six that has had a new carb, ignition system, and exhaust system. Located in our Orlando Showroom this 1941 Chevrolet Deluxe can be seen including HD pictures and videos at www.GatewayClassicCars.com. For additional information please call 407-771-2000 or email@example.com
Numbers Matching and Original Mileage Cars
If marked as such, the Owner states, this vehicles as numbers matching and/or original mileage. It has not been verified by Gateway Classic Cars. As such Gateway Classic Cars is not guaranteeing the authenticity of this claim. Buyer is encouraged to verify this information on their own, prior to purchase.
All Vehicles are sold AS-IS.
This vehicle is being sold AS-IS, WHERE-IS, with no warranty, expressed, written or implied. Gateway Classic Cars and its affiliates shall not be responsible for the correct description, authenticity, genuineness, or defects herein, nor is responsible for any omissions or errors in advertising and therefore makes no warranty in connection therewith. No allowance or set aside will be made on account of any incorrectness, imperfection, defect or damage. Any descriptions or representations are for identification purposes only and are not to be construed as a warranty of any type. It is the responsibility of the buyer to have thoroughly inspected the vehicle, to their satisfaction to the condition and value, prior to purchase. Gateway Classic Cars and its affiliates shall and will make every reasonable effort to disclose any known defects associated with this vehicle at the buyer's request prior to the close of sale. Gateway Classic Cars and its affiliates assumes no responsibility for any repairs regardless of any oral statements about the vehicle, post sale.
This car has been viewed 14,181 times as of 2017-11-23 16:16:12
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For Sale in our 16 locations - St. Louis, Louisville, Chicago, Detroit, Indianapolis, Tampa, Orlando, Houston, Ft. Lauderdale, Nashville, Dallas, Milwaukee, Atlanta, Philadelphia, Denver, Scottsdale.


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Instamojo: Rs.500 as Signup bonus | Refer To Get Rs.500 in Bank Account
Instamojo: Rs.500 as Signup bonus | Refer and Earn Rs.500 in Bank Account. It has now come up with a astounding offer providing a Sign Up Bonus of Rs 500 which you can directly transfer to your bank account. You just need to Pay only Rs 1 to get it. Moreover you can also earn Rs 500 per referral. Now let us see how it works !!
Instamojo is the easiest way to collect payments online. No physical paperwork. No setup fee. No IT knowledge needed. Accept Credit/Debit Cards and Netbanking Payments via Email, SMS, Whatsapp, Facebook, Website or Blogs securely. Collect payments for Digital Files, Event Tickets, Services, Subscriptions, Physical Goods and more.
Steps to Follow:
- Visit Here to go to InstaMojo and Sign up for a new account
- Enter your Mobile number and Verify it via OTP
- Enter the details asked by them
- Enter your Pan Card number and on Next Page enter Bank Account Number, IFSC code to receive Payments.
- Now at the homepage, Go to Store link> Category> Digital wallet and Subscribe all digital wallet
- Now create your Payment link and copy it
- Share the link with your Friends or Family members via Whats app or any other method.
- Ask them to pay using any Digital wallet.
- After payment, wait for 3 days because to receive Rs 500 signup bonus in your bank account + your amount which you have paid with the payment link.
- Your referee should receive at least Rs.1 payment (via credit card, debit card, net banking or UPI)
Instamojo Refer And Earn Program:
- Create your refer link and start sharing with your friends and family.
- Ask them to sign up with your refer link.
- Once they complete their first payment, they will get Rs.500 in their bank account.
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Euro falls again -- from the heavens
The fantasy of seeing cash fluttering down from the sky came true for Dutch motorists after a package containing money apparently fell from a bank transport truck and broke open.
The incident triggered a dangerous scramble for the euro bills yesterday on the A2 motorway near Maastricht as people parked cars and ran to scoop up loose notes.
'Big Brother' puts strain on marriage
Evicted 'Celebrity Big Brother' contestant Sally Bercow has revealed that her appearance on the reality television show caused "the biggest fight" of her marriage.
But she brushed off rumours of a divorce, saying that her relationship with the Speaker of the House of Commons, John Bercow, was "as solid as a rock".
iPads for binmen plan is rubbished
Town Hall bosses in the UK have been accused of insulting taxpayers with plans to give binmen £400 (€450) iPads to do their rounds.
Bury Council, facing budget cuts of £18m (€20m), is reportedly to buy 22 of the tablets to mount on dash-boards guiding bin wagons around the town. The council claims it will help save cash by improving collection rates.
Electronic tag put on man's false leg
Two staff members at a private security firm in the UK have been sacked after an electronic tag was put on an offender's false leg.
Christopher Lowcock (29) wrapped his prosthetic limb in a bandage and fooled G4S staff who failed to carry out the proper tests when they set up the tag and equipment at his home. Lowcock could then remove his leg -- and the tag -- whenever he wanted to breach his court-imposed curfew for drug offences.
A feast for senses at new nightclub
A multi-sensory club night designed to bring deaf and hearing revellers together is coming to London.
The UK's newest ultra high-tech disco, Sencity, features a vibrating dance floor, sign dancers and aroma jockeys who spread smells in a bid to convert the music into scent.
Palestinian UN chair goes on tour
Palestinians are hoping to secure a seat at the United Nations next month. They already have the chair for it.
Activists said they would take the chair on an inter-national tour to dramatise the Palestinian Authority's quest for UN recognition of a Palestinian state.
Irish Independent


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After a courageous 10 year fight battling Carcinoid Cancer, Sunny Carney, of Plum, passed peacefully on Saturday, November 3. She was married to her devoted husband, Mark; and was a loving mother to Austen, Logan and Nolan; daughter of Patricia Jennings and the late James J. Jennings; daughter-in-law of Dale and Dottie Carney; sister of Judy Phillips (Ray Jr.), Lynn Pesta (Teddy), Michael Jennings (Vicki Lynn), James Jennings (Sue), Joseph Jennings (Elizabeth), Sheila Fortes (Jim); sister-in-law of Craig Carney (Julia). She is also survived by numerous aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces, and nephews, and was a true friend and inspiration to many.
In addition to being an inspiration to family and friends Sunny inspired carcinoid cancer patients across the globe through her blog, and then her book "The Sunny Side of Cancer. She spoke at numerous cancer events locally sharing stories of her journey which led her from Basel, Switzerland to all of the top Carcinoid Cancer specialists here in the states. She was an advocate for better diagnosis of the disease and for insurance coverage of treatments. She fought with grace and dignity, never letting the pain inside challenge her faith or diminish her love for life.
Memorials may be made to "Carney Family Fund", c/o S&T Bank, 2190 Hulton Road, Verona, PA 15147.
Friends received Monday 7-9 p.m. and Tuesday 3-8 p.m. at Unity Community Church, 215 Unity Center Road, Plum, PA 15239.
Funeral Services will be held on Wednesday at 11 a.m. in Unity Community Church with Rev. Frank Deluce officiating. Arrangements entrusted to CHARLES W. TRENZ FUNERAL HOME, INC.
VIEW GUEST BOOK Published in Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
Below is an entry that was written by Sunny's husband Mark when she had her third bout. To become updated on her journey please enjoy her posts.
Please check back for updates and event information.
Sunny's husband Mark tells their story...
A mother of three boys, a daughter, the baby sister to a large family, an aunt, a godmother to several, a trusted friend, an outreach volunteer, a business owner and my wife. Sunny Carney lives up to her name every time someone speaks to her; she is beautiful both in and out. She has been my biggest motivator, my rock and my inspiration in tough times, my biggest fan in good times, and most importantly my best friend. Told 14 years ago that having children may not be part of our future because of ovarian cancer, she kept the faith, and is a wonderful mother to our three sons- Austen, Logan, and Nolan. She is always ensuring that they know the Lord, love of life, kindness to others, hard work, and occasionally when to "shape up".
Her boundless energy, healthy lifestyle and positive attitude are infectious. She has served as president of our children's PTA, organized committees that benefit those who are less fortunate in the community and led drives for those who have been caught up in unfortunate situations. She has done so much for others, usually without letting anyone ever know, I could not begin to list them. Her strong faith in God and modest upbringing has given her a sense of giving that only she can explain. When she successfully started her own photography business, she also started a non-profit division photographing family portraits for area families fighting cancer. Her friends say she is amazing and she simply shakes her head and wonders what all of the fuss is about.
Her mother, sisters, brothers and large extended family will tell you she is the one you can count on to lend an ear when needed and never judge. She was raised by her loving mother and father who was the warden of the Allegheny County Jail and actually spent most of her childhood in the residence connected to the jail. At a young age she witnessed more of life's tragedies and obstacles through her neighbors, the prisoners, than most of us can imagine.
Although all of the aforementioned is remarkable it is not what makes her truly special. Sunny is a two time cancer survivor and now is currently fighting for a third time. After beating ovarian carcinoid cancer and undergoing serious surgery for carcinoid tumors in her right lung just three years ago, the carcinoid tumors returned in her lymph nodes, liver and bones. The size and proliferation throughout the liver of these tumors mandates immediate chemotherapy in four treatments over the next few months as well as monthly octreotide treatments. These painful treatments will hopefully stop the growth but are not a cure. There are numerous tumors in her spine, her skull, her hip, her leg, and her shoulder...all in the bones and she will wait on potential radiation to fight those.
What my wife has is Carcinoid Cancer Syndrome, an endocrine disease which is rare and spreads from organ to organ. As of right now the only known treatment for remission is administered by renowned clinics in Europe. However the treatment is not covered by our insurance. Our doctors have encouraged us to start raising money and matching grants could follow. Her lead oncologist strongly believes that Sunny would be a prime candidate to be a voice to get the message out regarding carcinoid cancer syndrome, bring this treatment to the United States and encourage approval from the FDA. Without this treatment, the tumors most likely will continue to metastasize in other organs and her fight will be ongoing. Sunny has set up The Sunny Carney Carcinoid Cancer Fund to support her treatments. She believes that once she beats this cancer she can make a difference to others also suffering from Carcinoid Cancer.
Mark A. Carney
C/o S & T Bank
Friday, January 11, 2013
I am trying to make each talk we have and the Facebook posts be brutally bared down rip your gut out emotions...whatever I feel I write....if that ever comes across as looking for people to feel sorry for me I will stop as fast as the Pirates collapsed the last two years...that isn't the point of this...if my opening up is too deep than I will reel it in..(no I won't...I will just stop)...I won't have our boys thinking their dad is feeling like the world owes him something....pity... a hug...a shoulder...whatever...that is BS....so I hope and pray that what he said was just a 16 year old boy jacking his dad off...not anything deeper....if so great...we keep on...if not...then I may be taking a break on this...I enjoy sharing with you like this...and I promised you I would keep this going...but in fairness you would break your promise if it affected your kids too....and I can share with you in private without embarassing our boys...
I know only one way to talk to you...thats to lay it all on the table...to be so forthright it drains me...it is from somewhere deep inside that even I don't know always know where it comes from...it is meant to be stripped down to the core emotions laid out so that we can talk openly and so that if one person...just one person reading it has lost someone or is struggling with something that they can realize that their darkest fears and their greatest hopes and faith is not unique....thats why I go where I go with our talks...not to try to be an emotional weenie or wuss....not to try to gain pity or sympathy....we had that November 6-8....this is about taking what you and I had and sharing it in the hopes it makes me feel better(just kidding)....it is with the hope that it makes a small impact on someone else....if I get the sign that its not doing this and somehow is being misconstrued as a self-serving means for me to have people for sorry for us...than I am done...sorry....
Again wasn't my planned talk this evening but had to get off my chest...this is too important to me and too painful sometimes to me to do with the intentions I have...it is really painful and not so important to me as my kids if they perceive it to be anything else than a voice to help....to keep our love alive...to keep your message going...to continue the positive influence you had on those who you came across...
Thats it honey...I am not going to talk about the game tonight...I am not going to talk about our first kiss tonight...I am not going to share the scripture I had laid out....this arose out of nowhere and maybe I am overreacting...but what he said and how fast he said it was not the way you say something in a rage...it is something you were waiting to say when you got pissed enough....so I hope that he didn't mean it....I hope that if he did and we talk it though that he rethinks it...and if not...oh well...I will talk to you still here and at Plum Creek.....and we did what we could do....


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Guantanamo Tribunal Gears Up For Khadr Trial
The trial of Omar Khadr is set to begin Tuesday at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Khadr is accused of throwing a grenade that killed a U.S. soldier in Afghanistan back in 2002. Khadr was 15 at the time, and is now 23. This is the first trial under the military tribunal system at Guantanamo to take place since President Obama took office. Michele Norris talks to Michelle Shephard, who is covering the trial for the Toronto Star. Shephard is also the author of a book about the case, called Guantanamo's Child.
MICHELE NORRIS, Host:
The first trial of a detainee at Guantanamo Bay since President Obama took office starts tomorrow. The defendant is a young Canadian man named Omar Khadr. He is accused of throwing a grenade that killed a U.S. soldier in Afghanistan back in 2002. And a judge has ruled his alleged confession is admissible in court.
Khadr was 15 when he was captured. He's now 23. Michelle Shephard is covering the trial for the Toronto Star. She's also written a book about the case. Michelle, welcome to the program. Now, tell us a little more about who Omar Khadr is, his family background.
MICHELLE SHEPHARD: Omar Khadr is a Toronto-born detainee. He's the second-youngest son of Ahmed Said Khadr, who was an Egyptian national who came to Canada, got Canadian citizenship, and during the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, he went over as a charity worker.
At that time, he met Osama bin Laden and other men. He ended up bringing his family back and forth between Canada, Afghanistan, Pakistan. So Omar and his siblings ended up growing up alongside al-Qaida's elite and their families.
NORRIS: Growing up but being captured at a very young age. His age, he was 15 when he was captured, seems to be one of the reasons that this case is so controversial.
SHEPHARD: His age is a huge factor and the reason that international law experts have condemned the case, saying that essentially it is the first trial of a child soldier since World War II.
NORRIS: And today, the judge ruled that Khadr's confessions can be used as evidence against him. Tell us what this means for this case now.
SHEPHARD: Well, this was a big part of the case. The prosecution wants to use as evidence statements that Omar Khadr made while detained at the Bagram Air Base and then at Guantanamo. And he allegedly confessed to throwing the grenade that killed Delta Force soldier Christopher Speer.
The defense had argued that the statements were unreliable and had to be thrown out as products of torture. The judge in this case has found that not only Khadr's treatment when he was interrogated wasn't torture, but it also wasn't cruel, inhumane or degrading.
NORRIS: This is an important case because of his age, because of questions about due process and because of the timeline, as we said the first trial of a detainee since President Obama took. How will this relate to the other trials for other enemy combatants that might face trial in the future?
SHEPHARD: Well, I think this case is going to be very closely watched. The most important case that I think the Obama administration is worried about at this point is the case against the five men who are accused of conspiring to plan the 9/11 attacks.
The Obama administration announced that that case was going to go to a federal court in New York. Due to the outcry, they backtracked on that. So there's a good chance now that that case could also go before the military commission. And the fact that the Omar Khadr case is the first show case, I think it's going to be watched very carefully, and the credibility of the system is going to be judged.
NORRIS: Khadr is now a young man. Can you tell us a little bit about his demeanor today in court?
SHEPHARD: Well, it's been a really interesting experience for me. This is my 22nd trip here, and along with the other journalists who have covered it over the years, we've literally watched Omar Khadr grow up.
When he first appeared in court, he looked very much like a teenager. The man who was in court Monday is very much a 23-year-old man. He is tall. He's burly. He's got a full beard, and yet his demeanor in court is still rather childish.
He didn't seem to be following the proceedings today and in fact spent most of the time reading a World Cup soccer magazine.
NORRIS: Michelle Shephard, thank you very much.
SHEPHARD: Thank you very much for having me.
NORRIS: Michelle Shephard is covering the trial of Omar Khadr for the Toronto Star. She's also written a book about the case. It's called "Guantanamo's Child."
Copyright © 2010 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information.
NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR's programming is the audio record.


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Over the past week or so we've talked about what you need to do (discipline) and who you need to become (the code) to accomplish them. … but what about the actual goals? Too often we write down … [Read more...]
The Ultimate Guide to Setting Life-Changing Goals
There's a pull that I can't shake. I'm sitting at my dinner table writing while Teddy lounges at the base of the bay window that's only a few feet from me and looks out onto my porch and then onto the … [Read more...]


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Listen to Yasiin Bey's new album December 99th
Yasiin Bey had announced that he has three new albums on the way before officially hanging up the mic for good (or so he says) and one of those, titled December 99th, has finally been added onto TIDAL.
December 99th is the first full-length to be released under Bey and producer Ferrari Sheppard's collaborative Dec. 99th moniker, and much of the album was recorded in South Africa, where Bey has been, up until only recently, forced to stay for the past year.
Bey's next two albums, Negus In Natural Person and As Promised, will be performed live at a series of final gigs across the US starting this week. Peep the tracklist for December 99th below and stream it here.
2. Blade In The Pocket
4. Local Time
5. Tall Sleeves
6. Seaside Panic Room
7. Shadow In the Dark
9. Special Dedication
10. Heri


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Dive VR headsets
Take your mobile device and turn it into a Virtual Reality headset!
Dive 5 is the original VR headset for mobile devices. It is a rugged nylon viewer for mobile devices featuring two adjustable lenses which project an image of the virtual scene into each eye. Using it, you experience a stereoscopic view that spans most of the visual field. Combined with Dive head-tracking software, this creates a fast and responsive VR experience using the gyroscope sensors of the device.
In addition, Dive 5 offers a magnetic switch for click input which is fully compatible with both Dive and Cardboard apps.
Dive 7 is our 7 inch VR headset that makes it possible to experience mobile positional tracking in VR if used in conjunction with Google Project Tango Development Kit and matching software. Find details here on how to develop for Dive 7.
Please keep in mind that applications need to be aware of the 7 inch screen size to create a correct stereoscopic impression. Applications that allow positional tracking need to be specifically made for Tango, such as Food on the Moon.
Durovis Dive 5
30.00 € (excl. shipping)
The Durovis Dive 5 is the original hands-free smartphone holder that allows you to get immersed into virtual reality. Made from high quality flexible nylon plastic, it is lightweight and comfortable. It's a bargain because you already have the expensive part of the system in your pocket – your mobile phone. Using a smartphone makes the dive easy to use and allows you to wirelessly play games or stream movies. The unique Durovis Dive Tracking Technology offers brilliant low-latency quality and a fully immersive experience. Durovis Dive 5 now ships with the Magnet Upgrade Kit.
Durovis Dive 7
50.00 € (excl. shipping)
The Durovis Dive 7 is the world first Dive-style tablet that has been particularly developed for Project Tango Tablet Development Kit. We want to encourage developers to utilize the advantages of the depth and motion tracking sensors in the Tango and create VR apps with mobile positional tracking.
It is also possible to use other tablets with Durovis Dive 7. It is important that the viewer profile has been scanned before the Dive 7 will be used in order to avoid double vision due to "off-center-projection". Please note that only tablets will fit that do not exceed the dimensions of 127mm width and 17mm depth.


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First Tutors enables you to find a local pe / sport science teacher in Kinbrace and anywhere in the UK. Private pe / sport science tuition is an excellent way to boost confidence as well as increasing grades and doesn't have to be dull! Please use our service to find Kinbrace pe / sport science tutors and select which best fits your requirements.
First Tutors is the best place to find the top Kinbrace pe / sport science tutors for your needs, helping you find a home Kinbrace pe / sport science tutor for any subject, for example, GCSE English, A-Level Maths or even university Economics. We also help with language tuition, so if you want to learn German, take a Arabic course or prepare yourself for Italian life, we can help - and all in Kinbrace! Our search will order pe / sport science Kinbrace teachers in your area according to their pe / sport science lesson costs and proximity to you.
If you are a Kinbrace pe / sport science teacher wishing to offer your private pe / sport science tuition services in Kinbrace or the UK, please register with First Tutors or find out more about what we do here. Private pe / sport science tuition is a fantastic way to re-affirm your own pe / sport science knowledge while helping someone else, all in the Kinbrace area!


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With the G20 summit beginning in South Korea on Thursday, two issues stand out for those of us who take an interest in international development.
First, the concepts of fairness, balance and the common good have experienced a welcome renaissance as world leaders have had to remind each other of these universal principles to avoid a potentially devastating escalation of their disagreements on currency values and trade imbalances.
Second, while it remains to be seen to what extent it will help to bring countries' contending economic strategies into line, this rediscovery of basic values comes just as the G20 is starting to include international development issues in its deliberations. Naturally, it is my profound hope that the principles of fairness, balance and the common good will also inform these discussions - and not only those on issues such as undervalued currencies, lopsided trade statistics or skewed consumption patterns, however important they may be.
Unfortunately, the signs are decidedly mixed. The global repercussions of the financial and economic crises have clearly nourished an understanding of the true extent and consequences of our interdependence. At least for a moment, there seems to have been a consensus that a world that restricts the benefits of globalization to a few at the expense of many is neither fair nor stable; that one cannot address trade imbalances without addressing the development imbalances that underlie them; and that it is in everyone's interest to see the developing world graduate out of instability and economic dependence as soon as possible.
But all these realizations have not yet led to the fundamentally different policies that are so urgently needed. In many G20 countries, the crises, and particularly their effects on the world's poor, appear already all but forgotten and business and politics have resumed with little regard to the damage caused, the trust destroyed, and the lessons learned. Several G20 members have even used the economic upheavals as an excuse to tighten protectionist policies in direct contrast to their repeated pledges to keep markets open. As so often, developing countries have been among the primary victims.
This is deeply unfortunate, since the G20 states, both individually and collectively, are the natural drivers of development. They are, by definition, the countries with the capacity, resources, influence and, thus, the moral obligation and responsibility to help those less fortunate. Many of them have only recently graduated into major economies, and their developmental experiences are still fresh. These countries understand that the key to development is not charity but equitable, job creating and, ideally, green economic growth fuelled by investment in the productive sectors, agriculture, infrastructure, renewable energy, trade, knowledge and technical skills.
They also appreciate that the most important sources of development finance must be domestic revenues and private-sector investment and that aid's main value other than in meeting urgent humanitarian needs is to increase capacities, reduce dependence on external support, and lubricate and leverage investment in the sources of growth and good governance.
It is thus encouraging that the development agenda proposed by South Korea speaks as much to these realities as to a new sense of partnership and genuine mutual accountability. The document, as far as it is known, covers all the right points, including the unblocking of existing initiatives and the need to complement the efforts of other actors such as the G8, the G77 and, of course, the United Nations. If the leaders assembled in Seoul decide to take it on with the same universal values in mind that they now invoke in the areas of trade and exchange rates, we will have gained much.
Having said all this, the implementation of the valuable ideas entailed in the Korean proposal should not be made dependent on the G20's taking them on as a group. While a renewed commitment to development by the world's most powerful group would certainly be a major step in the right direction and send an important political signal to developing countries, it is, of course, not enough on its own to overcome the immense challenges that these countries face. Nor does it necessarily invalidate some of the concerns raised regarding the G20's legitimacy and capacity.
What really counts is that each member of the group internalizes the concepts of fairness, balance and the common good and adapts its behaviour accordingly. If the G20 setup can help them do so by playing to its unquestionable strengths of composition, reach and sheer economic prowess, this will be all the better and should not only be welcomed, but encouraged.
Kofi Annan, secretary-general of the United Nations from 1997 to 2006, is chair of the Africa Progress Panel.Report Typo/Error
Follow us on Twitter: @GlobeDebate


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Longing Travel Affiliate Policy
We started this site to journal our travels and to help people like us who want to travel more for less and still keep their job. Over last three years I have tinkered around and have seen the blog grow and shrink depending on how much effort I put into it. Since I moved the blog on self hosting I have been financing the blog for last two years and it is no small sum. That excluding the hours we put into it.
Ideally we would like the blog to sustain itself at least and stop eating into our travel funds. This is one of the reasons we have a few monetizing methods we have decided to take up. Fortunately for you and us they are non intrusive and are actually helpful.
Advertising Policy
It's straightforward Google Adsense which you'll see on one page or the other at the end of the page. If you click on it I get a few pennies.
Affiliate Policy
When we like a service or product or have a online or off line outlet we shop a lot at we look for its affiliate options. If we find those we sign up and the next time we recommend the services to you in print we use the affiliate link. When you use the service we get a few pennies. You are not charges extra it's just a referral commission.
The affiliates I love are Amazon, Flipkart (both of which have supplied us quite a bit of books and other travel gears). Then there are aggregators like Goibibo, Agoda, and Airbnb (which we use extensively). Some of these give us cash some hand us extra loyalty points.
Since people do get a bit hyper about money I try to highlight the affiliate links as far as possible. In case I miss a few you have been warned. If you are dead set against it just don't click on those links and go search for the product using plain old Google.


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Cultural Patrimony of Humanity and a reference of great beauty in architecture, the old Valladolid is one of the most visited Mexican destinations. Clean colonial city with notable examples of baroque, neoclassic and gothic styles. It entices the visitor to walk on its streets in order to discover the richness of its past and the importance of its present while touring the plazas, temples, monuments, old houses and museums. The city was founded around the half of the 16th century, it's is the capital of Michoacán and it also hosts relevant cultural activities that are now world famous (International Movie Festival of Morelia).
Must visit: the Cathedral, Aqueduct, Temple and Ex Convent of the Capuchinas, Clavijero Palace, Colonial Art Museum, Old Royal Hospital of San Juan de Dios, Casa Museo José María Morelos y Paved, Mask Museum, Candy Museum (a unique experience). Gastronomical history, outstanding example of the purépecha and Spanish mestizaje (typical: corundas, uchepos –tamales-; tarasca soup, barbecue cooked in an adobe oven, turkey mole, charanda -sugarcane aguardiente-; candy assortment –chongos, royal eggs, morelianas, metate chocolate, covered fruits, jamoncillos, natillas-). Fine traditional arts and crafts (pottery, wood carving, lacquering, embroidery, blown glass, copper). Good spas and golf courses (Tres Marías, of the best).
Ideal for convention tourism, as well as for family trips with children, young adults (natural reserves nearby, where it is possible to practice extreme sports, eco-tourism, outdoor activities; Los Azufres, Valle de Otzumatlán, Cerro del Tzirate, El Oasis, Agua Verde, Volcán Paricutín). Must visit the Magical Pueblos: Pátzcuaro (Day of the Dead in Janitzio, Tlalpujahua, Cuitzeo, Santa Clara del Cobre.3
• Cantera Diez Hotel Boutique
Small design hotel located downtown in a historical building in the middle of the city. Eleven suites. Good gastronomy. Access to golf courses.
Benito Juárez 63. Centro Histórico.
Tel: (01-443) 312 5419.
• Los Juaninos
Excellent location in an 18th century building (old Episcopal Palace), decorated in the style of those days. Thirty suites decorated individually.
La Azotea: good restaurant for dinners.
Morelos Sur 39. Centro Histórico.
Tel: (01-443) 312 0036.
• Villa Montaña Hotel & Spa
Colonial, peaceful, on the hills of Santa María. Only 15 minutes away from downtown.. Spa, gym, tennis court, pool. Twenty-three suites and 13 rooms. Ideal for families.
Patzimba 201. Col. Vista Bella.
Tel: (01-443) 314 0231.
• El Anzuelo
Mexican cuisine.
Delicious food with a home-style seasoning; outdoors tables.
Marco recommends:
Paella (Sundays); Marinated snapper (adobado.).
Av. Camelinas 3180. Col. 5 de Diciembre.
Tel: (01-443) 314 8339.
• Emilianos
International cuisine.
Belonging to the same restaurant group as Las Trojes. Elegant casual style; ideal for business, family, friends.
Marco recommends:
Grills; Pizzas.
Artilleros de 1847 Nº 1643. Col. Chapultepec Oriente.
Tel: (01-443) 315 1035.
• La Azotea
Mexican contemporary cuisine.
Spectacular view to the Cathedral in a historical place (Los Juaninos hotel). Ideal for a romantic get-away or a celebration.
Marco recommends:
Duck in blackberry sauce.
Morelos Sur 39. Centro.
Tel: (01-443) 312 0036.
• La Casa del Portal
Regional and international cuisine.
Typical Morelia site inside a 26th century house, with a view to the Cathedral. Choose your table at the outside terrace. Live jazz. Ideal for business, couples or friends.
Marco recommends:
Enchiladas Portal; Tarasca soup.
Guillermo Prieto 30. Centro.
Tel: (01-443) 313 4899.
• Los Mirasoles
Regional and international cuisine.
Inside a 17th century house XVII. Good wine cellar. Ideal for large groups of family or friends.
Marco recommends:
Sangría; Churipu; Corundas; Meat cuts.
Av. Madero Poniente 549. Centro Histórico.
Tel: (01-443) 317 5775.
• Lu
Creative Michoacán cuisine.
A proposal that wants to respect tradition and rescue recipes from old times handling current techniques and local products. Choose your table in the outside area with a view to the Cathedral. Ideal for a peaceful outing as a coupe or with friends.
Marco recommends:
Enchiladas placeras; Sopes de cantina; Hibiscus flower salad.
Portal Hidalgo 229. Centro Histórico.
Tel: (01-443) 313 1328.
• Mi Rancho
Mexican and international cuisine.
Rustic style. Live music during lunchtime (except on Saturdays).
Marco recommends:
Arrachera fajitas (flank steak); Enchiladas; Cecina (salted meat).
Av. Madero Poniente 867. Centro Histórico
Tel: (01-443) 317 7770.
• San Miguelito
Mexican signature cuisine.
A classic in town. Original and colorful environment, baroque style. Terrace for smokers. Ideal for business, friends or special occasions.
Marco recommends:
Av. Camelinas y Beethoven. Fracc. La Loma.
Tel: (01-443) 324 2300.


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Exhibitors: We are the Exclusive Caterers for the Salt Palace and Southtowne Expo Center.
Unconventional Exhibitor Caterer
UFS has raised the bar in the for exhibitor catering, where our staples are far from ordinary and service staff is simply exemplary. Every exhibitor catering event is thoughtfully planned, food and drink freshly prepared and courteously served.
Exhibitor Catering Awards
ACF Beehive Chefs – Chef of the Year, Zachary Davidson – 2014
The Beehive Chefs of the American Culinary Federation, honored UFS Sous Chef, Zachary Davidson as Chef of the Year.
ACF Beehive Chefs – Lifetime Achievement, Bill Holley – 2014 and Robert Sullivan – 2008
The ACF Beehive Chefs honored UFS Corporate Chef, Bill Holley, and UFS Owner, Robert Sullivan, with Lifetime Achievement awards.
Celebrity Judge Award, CNS Art & Soup – 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2009
2014 Best International Soup, 2013 Best Dessert, 2012 Best Presentation, 2011 Most Unique Soup, 2009 Best Vegetarian Soup.
Employer of the Year, Golden Key Award – 2013 and 2012
The Utah Governor recognized UFS's outstanding contributions that promote employment opportunities for people of all abilities.
Sustainable Business Award – 2013
Utah Business Magazine awarded Utah Food Services' ongoing green efforts to protect and improve the environment.
Business Excellence in Workplace Flexibility – 2010, 2009 and 2006
The Alfred P. Sloan "When Work Works" Award deemed UFS as a flexible workplace that makes "work" better for our employees.
Achievement in Catering Excellence (ACE) Finalist – 2010
The International Catersource Convention profiled UFS as an outstanding and resilient caterer in spite of a downward economy.
Turn Community Employer Award – 2009
Turn Community Services chose UFS as an Outstanding Long Term Employer of People with Disabilities.
Best of State – 2008 and 2005
The Best of State organization chose UFS as the "Best Caterer" in 2008 and "Best Services" in 2005.
Best Companies to Work For – 2008
Utah Business Magazine recognized UFS as one of Utah's "Best Companies to Work For."
President Award, Utah Restaurant Association – 2005
UFS earned the "President's Award for Outstanding Service to the Food Services Industry."
Top 25 Fastest Growing Companies – 2000 and 1999
Ranked by Utah 100 MountainWest Venture Group, Utah Food Services received this honor two years in a row.


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If you are interested in being featured on Sukeban please read these guidelines and contact the following email:
Please remember to: include your full name and social media handles/site links.
Please note that we are only accepting images that have been shot by girls of girls for the moment, but other than that we don't have any particular guidelines.
You can shoot as many people as you want in whatever setting, and they can be any age- however nudity is only accepted if the subjects are 18 years of age or over.
Please remember to: include the names and social medias handles of everyone involved, as well as a short bio about the person (4-6 sentences).
If you have an interesting concept and a clear idea of who you are going to work with or interview please contact us and we'll get back to you.
Please remember to: include your full name and all social handles of everyone involved in the shoot as well as full clothing credits.
Please remember to: include your social media handles and site links


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GraphicRiver Pencil Sketch Mock-Ups 5890666
Photoshop \ Stock Graphic \ Product Mock-Ups \ Miscellaneous
Sketch \ Mockup \ Drawing \ Pencil \ Colored \ Effect \ Object \ Preview \ Action
Stock Graphic - Pencil Sketch Mock-Ups 5890666 by themedia @ GraphicRiver
Photoshop \ Stock Graphic \ Product Mock-Ups \ Miscellaneous
Pencil Sketch Mock-ups 3D mockups of pencil sketch art
A4 paper on a wooden table with colored pencils.
Add your own image inside the smart object and the sketch effect is added automatically . Works with any text or image.
- File resolution: 2300×1500px
- Image placeholder size: 1800×1260px Easily turn the colored sketch feature on/off and have the sketch only in black&white.
Also look at the preview image set for more examples!
Photos in preview are not included
High Resolution: No; Layered: Yes; Graphics Files Included: Photoshop PSD; Minimum Adobe CS Version: CS4; Pixel Dimensions: 2300x1500.
Balanced 3D Cardboard Boxes; Magnifying Glass and Paper in Hand Mock-up; Letter & Envelope Mock-ups; 3D Valentine Heart Illustrations; Polaroid Mock-up Bundle; Screen Display Mock-up Bundle; Film Strip Mock-up Bundle.
Keywords: a4 paper, artwork mockup, close-up mockup, colored art, design mockup, drawing action, drawing mock-up, logo mockup, multipurpose mockup, paper drawing, Paper Mockup, paper on table, pencil drawing, pencil sketch, realistic, sketch action, sketch art, sketch effects, sketch on paper, sketch paper, sketching effect, smart object, wood table.


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Zen is seeing what is. It has been argued that we see not things as they are in themselves but only how they appear to us. I reply that to observe that an object appears to be a particular size, shape, colour etc when seen by us is not to deny but to affirm that we see it. If our sensory apparatus were different, then we would see objects differently but would still see them. A galaxy appearing either as a single point of light when seen across millions of light years or as millions of discrete stars when seen from within remains a seen galaxy.
Do we perceive reality or only appearances? I argue that the appearance of reality to us is our perception of reality. "We perceive it" and "It appears to us" are interchangeable. We do not perceive appearances and infer reality but perceive reality. Of course, if our perceptual apparatus differed, then appearances would differ but they would still be reality appearing, not appearances appearing. We perceive not the total reality but those aspects that are perceptible by us. For example, we see not submicroscopic particles but our macroscopic environment, not the whole electromagnetic spectrum but enough for survival purposes.
Mystics disagree about whether ultimate reality is personal but theists do agree that it transcends concepts so we potentially agree that it is variously conceived because it is inconceivable. I argue elsewhere against pre-existent consciousness. Can contradictory propositions, affirming and denying personality, apply to an infinite reality? I suggest that they remain incompatible.
Zen is seeing mental states and interactions. Although we directly know our immediate thoughts and emotions, reflection uncovers deeper dispositions and reveals that conditioning and indoctrination make us see what is not. A badly treated child sees all adults as threats even when they are indifferent or benevolent. Some adults are conscious only of how they appear to others, not of how anyone is. Some see only what they want, or have been indoctrinated, to see. Some cannot see that they are ever at fault or see others only as means, not as ends. Some see only that the world is not as they want but not what to do about it. For example, we can change how we perceive the past but not the past.
Many people do not understand that world views differ, therefore that what seems obvious to them is not obvious to others. Introduced to a Polish man as a "Communist", not, more accurately, as an unorthodox Trotskyist, I was subjected to a denunciation of the then Polish regime based entirely on the assumption that I supported it. Dialogue was impossible especially with limited time. When I had to leave because of a prior appointment, my accuser apologized on the mistaken assumption that I was leaving because I was offended!
In a similar conversation with a Polish couple, I was asked whether I had read a particular book by Solzenitsin. I began to reply, "No, but I have read Trotsky's Revolution Betrayed and Cliff's State Capitalism in Russia." However, I was interrupted after "No…" and addressed as if I had not heard of Stalinist oppression. On reflection, I should have replied, "Yes", because that was the only point at issue. The couple would later have claimed that they had met a Communist who had not read Solzenitsin, meaning by this that I supported the Soviet Union and knew nothing bad about it. They conversed not with me but with their preconception.
When I did manage to summarize an analysis of Stalinist Russia as state capitalist, not socialist, the friend who had mischievously introduced me as a Communist commented that I sounded as if I was merely reciting a rehearsed response. I sounded like this because I was being put on the spot and had to speak quickly before the next interruption. A proper debate with time for each side to state its case and with attention given to what was in fact being said might have advanced our understanding. What I did learn was that there are people with whom dialogue is impossible. Of the couple, the man "knew" as a fact, not an opinion, that black people were inferior. His certainty on this was frightening.
It makes sense to ask an alleged Communist what he understands by "Communism" and why he supports it. Instead, a vicar in a televised debate with a Communist Party member set out to define both sides of the argument. He stated what he believed, then what (he thought) she believed. Meanwhile, Communist Party politics had changed from revolutionary to reformist. Of course, a complete change of policies should be reflected by a name change. That did occur later while a "New Communist Party" preserved the Stalinist tradition and rival organizations applied different interpretations of the original revolutionary socialist tradition.
I have been told that by a workers' democracy with full employment I meant a bureaucratic dictatorship with unemployment, not that the former inevitably degenerates into the latter, as is argued ad nauseam by supporters of political though not economic democracy, but that the latter was what I meant. No. Conversation floundered with no agreed terminology or terms of reference.
Attention to what is includes attention to what others say and to why they say it, not just to preconceptions based on labels like "Communist" or "Christian". Assuming that every Anglican is an Evangelical, that every Catholic is a Latin ritualist, that every Muslim is a Jihadist, that every Jew is a Zionist, that every Hindu is an idolater, that every Conservative is Thatcherite or that every American is imperialist would be similar errors.
Introducing myself as a Religious Education Teacher, I was subjected to ridicule of Christian belief in the Resurrection although Religious Studies covers all traditions and can include skepticism about supernaturalist claims. Evangelicals capable only of assuming the truth of their belief cannot present reasons for it, so that again dialogue is impossible, whereas instructors in Zen meditation advise trainees to test Buddhist teaching in their experience. Teachings that do not facilitate perception of what is can be "put on the back burner" unless and until they become applicable: the opposite of a creedal approach.
After twenty three years of practicing zazen, I have started to glimpse the limits of my perception. I had always believed that ultimate philosophical and spiritual questions mattered whereas lesser issues like how to relate to other people socially did not. Thus, I missed the point of familiar teachings: the transcendent is immanent; the beyond is in the midst; the Kingdom is within; Samsara is Nirvana; Bodhisattvas return; eternity is now; all is one; "thou art That"; strangers are gods or angels in disguise, like superheroes with secret identities; mythically, God was incarnate in Vrindavan and Jerusalem – as Arjuna saw his friend's cosmic form, so Peter, James and John saw their friend transfigured; God manifest, according to a polemic for a more world-affirming Hinduism, is higher than God unmanifest; theses and antitheses are synthesized; abstractions are concretized; dualities are unified; concepts are instantiated; theories are practiced; plans are implemented, at least by us if not also by the gods.
Creativity involves understanding what is by imagining what is not. Insanity involves misunderstanding what is by confusing it with what is not. Thus, a fictitious character meeting a ghost, considering suicide, visiting a graveyard, contemplating a skull, avenging a murder and dying young addresses mortality but anyone claiming to be Hamlet is mad. Some imaginative writers have seen their characters but only momentarily.
Marxists analyze how society is. Capital economically coerces formally free workers to produce more than the value of their labour power and competitively accumulates surplus value but periodically stops production whenever competition reduces the rate of accumulation. Banks do not produce wealth but gamble that others will. Governments manage but do not end capitalism. Workers usually accept but periodically challenge capitalism. Received ideas are questioned when they contradict experience. Living labour, organized by capital to increase capital, can instead organize itself to meet needs.
Buddhist psychological analysis addresses experience. By practicing awareness, we realize our unawareness. Marxist economic analysis addresses alienation. By resisting exploitation, workers realize their power.
The quantitative difference between society and individuality explains the qualitative difference between unavoidably controversial revolution and universally accessible meditation.


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Thanks for your interest in wholesaling our products!
For a wholesale account, please set up a account here and email us with your information and we will upgrade your account to wholesale.
To view products we currently wholesale click here
(prices will not change until you are logged into your wholesale account).
Here are our terms!
- Min Order 150GBP excluding shipping
- Our turn around is approx 1-5 days for Our fakelite/lucite & vintage items & 1-2week for laser cut items
- All items that are listed are mostly ready & available for dispatch. Our turn around is approx 1-5 days for Our fakelite items & 1-2week for laser cut items pending on what we have in stock- mostly it is quicker.
- Prices include VAT. We are not VAT registered so EU customers, we cannot deduct your orders like previously.
If you see an item/s on the main retail website you would like to stock that isn't in our wholesale section, please drop us a line.
If you have further questions please do not hesitate to contact us
Many thanks
Cam :)


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This study examined understandings of basic genetic concepts among Americans.
In a national telephone survey of 1,200 Americans with equal representation among Black and White men and women, subjects responded to 8 items developed by a multidisciplinary team of experts that assessed understanding of basic concepts in multiple domains, including inheritance, genetics and race, and genetics and behavior.
Over 70% of subjects responded correctly on items about the genetic similarity of identical twins and siblings. Less than half of subjects responded correctly on all other items. Understanding of genetics was lowest in three areas: types/locations of genes in the body (29% correct), a genetic basis for race (25% correct), and the influence of single genes on behaviors (24% correct). Logistic regression models controlling for age and education showed some differences by race and gender on specific items but also showed that understandings are generally similar across these groups.
Misunderstandings about genetics are common among Black and White American men and women. Responses appear to reflect personal experiences, group values and interests. These findings emphasize the need for initiatives to improve the public's genetic literacy as well as a need for further investigation in this domain.
In light of the increasing role of genetics in various scientific endeavors, policymakers, medical professionals and academics in the U.S. have frequently voiced concern about the American public's understanding of genetics [1,2]. According to the National Human Genome Research Institute, 'The public must be knowledgeable to make informed decisions about participation in genomics research and to incorporate the findings of such research into their own health care' [3]. Despite this concern, few studies have empirically explored Americans' understanding of genetics, especially at the population level. What little is known suggests that the American public appears to have a poor comprehension of genetics, holding misconceptions such as the belief that genetic tests exist for intelligence and misunderstanding that the genes a father passes along determines the gender of a baby [4,5,6]. Such findings are consistent with results from studies of non-U.S. populations [7,8].
Why should this be worrisome? The lack of basic knowledge in genetics can have important consequences in at least three ways. First, in medicine and health, misconceptions about genetic inheritance often distort people's risk perceptions and influence their willingness to seek services like genetic counseling and genetic testing that are becoming important parts of medical care [9]. The effectiveness of personalized disease management and pharmaceutical regimens tailored to individuals' genotypes will be influenced by patients' understandings of how such processes work [10]. Of additional concern is the public's response to an increasing number of genetic services with questionable utility that are available to the public without the requirement of a physician's referral, at least in the U.S. [11]. Knowledge about such services will be required for the public to be able to make safe and responsible decisions about which of these services to pursue and how to interpret results. Understanding of genetics is thus important for informed health decision-making and disease management, and prevention.
Second, comprehension of genetics has consequences for the public's ability to contribute to genetic policy development regarding issues like stem cell research, cloning and genetic discrimination. Public engagement is emphasized as a way to better ensure that genetic policy adequately protects the civic rights of all and promotes the most important community needs [12]. Such participation is particularly important for marginalized populations that are often excluded from policy discussions [13]. Yet, people who feel they have a poor understanding of genetics are often reluctant to engage in policy discussions [14]. More often, policymakers do not include the general public in debates about genetic policy development altogether, arguing that the ability for people to contribute meaningfully to such debates may be compromised by a misunderstanding of the subject [15]. Presumably, the more individuals understand the basics of genetic science, the more competent they will feel about expressing their opinions and becoming involved in debates about genetic policy.
Finally, history has shown how genetic science can be misused to support discriminatory and pejorative attitudes about groups deemed genetically inferior [16,17]. Although this was clearly the case with regard to eugenics practices in the early 1900s, recent studies have linked genetic explanations for group differences to prejudicial attitudes [18,19]. Underlying such attitudes is often the notion that there are essential differences between certain groups of individuals (e.g. those defined by ethnicity1 and gender) on particular traits (e.g. intelligence) that are due primarily to genes [20], a notion that has been rejected by many scientists [21,22,23]. As Prentice and Miller cogently argue [24], biological explanations for group differences reinforce the idea that individuals belonging to such groups are different types of human beings. Thus, misunderstanding how genes contribute to human traits can have problematic implications for how people stereotype and think about social groups.
Many Americans are familiar with elementary genetic language, in the sense that they have a general comprehension of terms such as genes and heredity [4]. However, people become frustrated or hesitant when trying to explain how genes work, how they are passed along or where they are located in the body [4,5,6,25]. Indeed, many people admit, when pressed, that they have little knowledge of genetics [26]. Although such claims reflect common themes in a multitude of qualitative studies, importantly, they have only recently been demonstrated in quantitative studies such as a large recent survey conducted in Western Australia [7]. Few quantitative studies explore what the American public understands and misunderstands about genetics. Moreover, published studies on how people comprehend genetics tend to focus on clinical patients or their relatives rather than the public at large; and even then, such research still shows that misunderstandings are common [27,28]. Finally, the few population surveys that have been conducted document that genetic knowledge is related to various demographic characteristics, but these questionnaires typically explore knowledge about the state of genomic testing rather than knowledge about fundamental genetic concepts [5,7,29]. In sum, population surveys assessing understanding of genetics across a range of topics are lacking.
Little work has also been done to explore lay understanding of genetics by ethnicity and gender. Such comprehension may differ in these groups, due to dissimilar experiences with or attitudes about science, health, policy, or other issues that have genetic relevance. Among educators and public health practitioners, awareness of these differences is important as it can offer clues to better develop genetic instructional interventions that are geared to the unique interests and concerns of such groups. Of the studies exploring ethnicity and/or gender differences, some show poorer understanding among Black Americans about cancer genetics and awareness about the state of genetic technologies [29,30,31]. However, recent work also suggests that Black Americans are more conscious of the social implications of genetics and the way it can be used to stigmatize groups or promote racism [32]. Similarly, women are often portrayed as less knowledgeable than men at science [33,34]. Such speculation has not been examined empirically in the U.S. in the realm of genetics.
Multiple experts assert that educational programs to improve understanding of genetics are most effective if they build upon existing and correct conceptions about inheritance and disease [35,36,37]. However, with limited information about the level of genetic knowledge among the American public, educational efforts are likely to be less than optimally successful. To address this issue, we analyzed data from a large nationally representative survey of Black and White American men and women about their understanding of basic genetic concepts. Given that such concepts often have cultural bases [35,36], and therefore are likely to vary by ethnicity and gender, the analysis was conducted separately among these groups of respondents.
Data assessing understanding of basic genetic concepts were collected as part of a larger structured telephone survey conducted in 2001. The primary goal of the larger study was to explore genetic explanations for human traits and their impact on sociopolitical ideologies [38,39]. The surveys were administered by professional interviewers and averaged 40 minutes in length. Respondents were paid USD 15 for completing the survey.
Respondents were selected using two sampling methods, both utilizing random digit dialing methods and drawing from the continental U.S.2 A main sample included 600 White and 58 Black respondents (American Association for Public Opinion Research [AAPOR] adjusted response rate #3 = 31.893). Due to the prohibitively high costs associated with obtaining Black respondents using strict random digit dialing methods, a supplemental oversample of 542 Black respondents (AAPOR adjusted response rate #3 = 32.943) was obtained within targeted population areas of higher Black density. We selected areas (telephone exchanges) for the oversample where census population data indicated a density for the Black American population of 30% or more. Ethnicity was assessed through self-report, and only individuals identifying as primarily White or Black/African American were invited to participate. The final sample of respondents (combining the main sample and the oversample) included 600 Black and 600 White Americans ranging in age from 18 to 90 years, with equal numbers of women and men.
Table Table11 shows the percentage distribution and means by ethnicity and gender on selected demographic characteristics of respondents. Respondents were slightly older, slightly more educated and slightly more likely to have ever been married than individuals in the U.S. population, based on comparison with census data. To adjust for the national representativeness of the sample, we created post-stratification weights for age and education, within the ethnicity and gender of the respondent.
Validated scale items that measure genetic understanding are lacking. Therefore, we convened a multi-disciplinary team with expertise in human genetics, genetic epidemiology and public health to develop a set of correct or incorrect statements about genetics. Considering the arguments that important and different domains of genetic knowledge may exist [26,36,40,41], items were developed to address multiple basic genetic concepts. We selected a final set of eight statements that were deemed by the expert team as most comprehensible and represented a range of topics, with relevance to health, genetic policy and gender/race attitudes. These included items about (a) genetic inheritance among identical twins, (b) genetic inheritance in siblings, (c) genetic determination of race, (d) genetic similarity within race, (e) genetic similarity within gender, (f) genetic similarity based on physical appearance, (g) types of genes in the body, and (h) single gene influences on behavior. For the exact wording of items, see table table22.
We considered various response strategies that have been used in the past with genetic knowledge items, including 'true/false' options, multiple choice options and 'correct/not correct' options. Because science knowledge items are often threatening to respondents, this study followed work from Ondrusek et al. [42] and solicited agreement/disagreement responses to lessen this potential threat. If a statement was determined to be true according to the research team (based on their assessment of the current state of scientific knowledge), both 'strongly agree' and 'somewhat agree' were considered a correct response. Similarly, both 'strongly disagree' and 'somewhat disagree' were considered correct if the statement was deemed false. 'Neither agree nor disagree' and 'don't know' were not presented as options, as our earlier research suggested that many people would favor these answers because of their uncertainty or anxiety about giving the correct answer. However, participants who volunteered these options were marked accordingly and were categorized as 'not correct.' Depending on the item, between 1 and 12 participants answered 'neither agree nor disagree' and between 9 and 35 participants answered 'don't know.' Also, between 1 to 5 participants refused to respond to each understanding statement and were excluded from analysis of those items.
Items measuring genetic understanding were asked in two clusters in the first half of the survey. The first cluster followed items asking participants to rate how much genetics, environment and choice accounted for individual traits. The second cluster followed items asking about participants' social class attitudes.
We first assessed differences by ethnicity (Black/White) and gender (male/female) combinations in the proportion of participants who correctly answered each understanding item with 2-way tables. We then conducted logistic regression analyses to examine ethnicity and gender effects on each of the items after adjusting for age and education of the respondent. These demographic control variables were included based on their ability to predict variance in genetic understanding scales in other studies [5,30,44] and to maximize the fit of logistic regression models. Education was entered in the model specific to ethnicity because education quality often varies by ethnic group [45]: one variable, for White respondents, was coded '1' for a bachelor's degree or higher, '0' otherwise; a second variable, for Black respondents, was coded similarly for education level. Data was analyzed using Stata/SE10.1 for Windows.
Table Table22 indicates the correct response (agree or disagree) and presents the percent of correct responses for the total sample and within each ethnicity by gender group. The large majority of participants correctly responded to the two items about Mendelian inheritance, namely, that identical twins are genetically the same (72%) and that siblings have half their genes in common (80%). Misunderstandings about genetics were common, however, with less than half the respondents answering any of the other items correctly. The lowest percentage of correct responses occurred for the items assessing knowledge about the types of genes in the body (29%), genetic determination of race (25%) and single gene influences on behavior (24%).
Table Table22 shows differences by ethnicity and gender on only three statements. On the item about inheritance among identical twins, White women reported the most correct responses (79%) compared to the other three groups. Additionally, responses to the statement on genes determining race indicated that White men were least knowledgeable (15%), compared with the other groups. In contrast, White men were more likely than any other group to correctly disagree with the statement about the types of genes in the body (41%). On this statement, Black women reported the least knowledge (18%).
Table Table33 presents results from the logistic regression models that compare ethnic and gender groups while controlling for age and education specific to ethnicity. Differences by ethnicity were evident in two items. Black respondents were less likely than White respondents to answer correctly on the item assessing knowledge about the types of genes in the body but more likely to respond correctly to the item about the genetic determination of race. Among models that achieved overall statistical significance, differences by gender were evident in three items. Women indicated greater knowledge than men on statements about the genetic similarity of identical twins and the genetic determination of race. In contrast, women were less likely than men to respond correctly to the item about the types of genes in the body. In addition to these results, we found that age and education specific to ethnicity significantly predicted several of the items. In all of these cases, younger and more educated respondents tended to answer items correctly compared to older and less educated respondents.
These data provide important empirical information about how Black and White American men and women comprehend genetics. First and foremost, our results highlight the prevalence of misunderstandings about genetics. Although a substantial majority of respondents gave the correct answer to the two statements on Mendelian genetics (inheritance), fewer than half of the respondents in any ethnic and gender group answered correctly on the other six items. On three of those six statements, specifically items regarding genetic determination of race, the types of genes in the body and single gene influences on behavior, approximately 75% of all respondents did not answer correctly. These findings suggest that many Americans are not just unsure about genetic concepts, as several previous studies indicate [4,5], but also hold notable misunderstandings about basic genetic concepts.
In sum, these findings emphasize the critical need for educational initiatives to improve the genetic literacy of the American public, in part because the public's lack of basic genetic knowledge has important consequences in the areas of health, genetic policy and in the justification of prejudice. First, in the realm of health, for example, daughters who believe that they are more similar genetically to women than men may not understand that they can inherit susceptibility genes for breast cancer from their fathers as well as their mothers. And individuals, despite having a first-degree relative with a genetically influenced disease, may deny being at risk if for no other reason than they do not 'look like' the affected family member [25]. Thus, such misunderstanding about genetic similarity based on gender or physical appearance may have significant and negative public health outcomes. With genetics playing an increasingly important role in medical care, physicians and other health care professionals need to be aware that genetic information they share with patients may not only be confusing but may be misunderstood altogether. Second, with regard to genetic policy, individuals who lack basic genetic knowledge may have difficulty understanding or participating in dialogues regarding genetic discrimination, stem cell research or cloning or they may misjudge benefits or risks of particular genetics practices. Engagement of the public in discussions about using newborn blood spots for gene-disease research, for example, may be counterproductive if the public does not understand that the genes in blood are the same as genes throughout the body. Finally, people who believe that genes determine someone's race, as was reported by a large majority of respondents, may be likely to also believe in the essential division of ethnic categories [46]. This perspective is consistent with the view that the races differ from one another in important aspects and is linked to prejudice [18,39]. A similar argument might be made about gender differences, where most respondents incorrectly agreed with a statement on the greater genetic similarity between two women than a man and a woman. Those who believe that behavioral aspects of gender are genetic, for example, may be more inclined to attribute the lack of women in leadership positions to inherent differences rather than social barriers [47].
It is noteworthy that, with regard to genes and race, respondents were much more likely to agree incorrectly with the simply worded statement that 'genes tell us which race we belong to' than the more complex statement 'two people from the same race will always be more genetically similar to each other than two people from different races.' Despite the two items having analogous scientific meaning, it is possible that the former relatively simple statement was more clearly understood by respondents compared to the latter, a more complex statement, and thus the former may have elicited more agreement. This could also be the case with regard to the four other statements (the types of genes in the body, single gene effects on behavior and the two items about inheritance), all relatively simply worded, that generated the most incorrect or correct agreement. The more even distribution of respondents who agreed and disagreed on the more complex statements may be the result of greater confusion about those items.
In addition to findings regarding genetic knowledge among all respondents, the analyses run separately by ethnicity and gender as well as results from the logistic regression showed that respondents tended to have a similar understanding about genetics overall. Exceptions that varied by ethnicity and/or gender occurred on only three items: genetic inheritance in twins, genetic determination of race and types of genes in the body. This suggests that each of these items has particular social and cultural significance.
Ethnic differences were found on two statements. First, Black respondents were more likely than White respondents to correctly disagree that genes determine race. This is consistent with findings from our previous work indicating that Black Americans are sensitive to the pejorative aspects of genetic explanations for race [32], and, among White Americans, genetic explanations for perceived race differences are associated with increased prejudice towards Blacks [39]. Second, White respondents were more likely than Black respondents to correctly disagree with the statement about types of genes in the body, an item, more than the others, that assesses basic genetic science knowledge with little ideological or social relevance. We speculate that this ethnic difference may reflect dissimilarity between Black and White Americans in the quality of education [45] or in genetic science interest [6]. With regard to the former possibility, it is interesting that education was positively associated with correct responses to the item on types of genes in the body, although this occurred only among White respondents. Education was also positively associated with correct responses to the two statements on the genetic basis of race, although again, this differed somewhat by ethnicity.
Gender differences were found on three statements. Women were more likely than men to know about the genetic similarity of identical twins, a topic likely to be of more interest to women than men because they often serve as 'kinkeepers' of the family [26]. Women were also more likely than men to correctly disagree with the question on the genetic determination of race. Although one interpretation of this gender difference is that women are more aware than men of the ideological implications of this statement and thus disagree more strongly, studies have not consistently found gender differences in racial attitudes, at least among White respondents [48]. Alternatively, it appears that the gender effect may be partially due to the fact that only 15% of White men answered the genes determine race statement correctly, considerably less than any other ethnic/gender group. It is noteworthy that White men may have the most to gain in terms of maintaining their privileged position in the racial/gender social hierarchy by believing that group differences are genetic, and thus, natural and unchangeable [24,38]. However, we found no significant gender difference on the question about genetic similarity within gender, which might have been expected if this were the case. The only statement where men were more likely to answer correctly than women had to do with types of genes in the body. As with ethnic differences, this may reflect greater interest in basic genetic science among men than women [6].
Overall, these patterns of ethnic or gender differences suggest that genetic knowledge, at least on some issues, reflects personal experiences and group values and interests. In light of the fact that ethnic or gender differences appeared on only three of the eight items, however, this also suggests that much understanding or misunderstanding of genetic science may be shared across ethnic and gender groups.
Several limitations in our study warrant discussion. First, as noted previously, our study assessed understanding of genetics using items that have not been validated in other studies and did not undergo formal validation here. It is possible that some respondents interpreted the knowledge questions differently than intended, and a person with a very sophisticated understanding of genetics may argue about the correctness of answers on some items, despite the effort of our expert panel to judge this aspect of the statements. For example, the DNA of identical twins might not be exactly the same at birth because spontaneous mutations occur in the womb while unborn children are developing or due to differences in mitochondrial DNA [49]. Therefore, it is important that creation and validation of scales to assess lay understanding should be the first step in any future research on genetic literacy. Recent work has provided some instruments based on undergraduate science courses [50] and pronunciation of genetic terms [51]. These instruments may serve, along with our own measures, as the foundation for the development of a more extensive measure of genetic literacy.
A related potential limitation is the possibility of a response set to the various statements. A response set occurs when individuals offer the same answer to each question regardless of the content [52]. Survey respondents often agree to knowledge statements when they understand the item but are unsure of the answer [53], and this may partially explain why across all items, the majority of respondents agreed with the statements rather than disagreed. In our study, the fact that the only items answered correctly by a majority of respondents were two statements where the correct answer was 'agree' also suggests this possibility. However, given that both items concern knowledge of very basic genetic inheritance suggests that this is a topic that is more easily comprehended. Furthermore, adequate variability across the items and the fact that a substantial proportion of respondents provided assertive responses (i.e. 'strongly agree' or 'strongly disagree' answers, indicating some confidence) argues against a response set due to the challenging nature of the questions. Nevertheless, future work in this area needs to be sensitive to the way people answer genetic literacy questions that may be intimidating. Overall, despite these various concerns, our statements appear to have a strong degree of face validity.
The results from this study confirm what has been found in previous work, both in the U.S. and in other countries, that, in general, the lay public has a limited understanding of basic genetic science, although the level of knowledge varies considerably depending on the particular genetic topic. As noted in this paper, the lack of genetic information has implications for public health, genetic policy and with regard to attitudes about social class groups such as categories of gender and ethnicity. Clearly, there is a tremendous need for genetic education programs that address such gaps in knowledge. Institutions such as the National Human Genome Research Institute (http://www.genome.gov/Education) and the University of Utah (http://learn.genetics.utah.edu), for example, have established model programs to improve the genetic literacy of the lay public, but such efforts have been limited in scope and content to date. Our findings highlight the importance of additional work in this area.
Moreover, the pattern of results among respondents that vary by gender and ethnicity suggests that genetic knowledge that is retained reflects self and group interests or values. While this observation is not unique to genetic knowledge, as it forms the basis for teaching and motivational strategies [54,55], it does emphasize the need for educators and public health practitioners to convey genetic science information in a way that will be of personal relevance and will address potential biases and misconceptions. Such efforts are critical as genetic science moves forward, generating an increasingly complex knowledge base and multifaceted social and political implications.
This study was funded by a grant awarded to Dr. Jayaratne from the Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications Research Program at the National Human Genome Research Institute (NIH grant #R01 HG01881), with additional support from the Institute for Research on Women and Gender, the Office of the Vice President for Research and the Life Science, Values and Society Program at the University of Michigan.
1Although the terms 'race' and 'racial' occasionally appear in this paper, this does not mean that we subscribe to the view that the human species substructures into biological races. 'Ethnicity' and 'ethnic' are our preferred terms, as we believe that they more accurately describe the primary groups in our study.
2The sampling strategy was developed and implemented by Market Strategies, Inc.
3These response rates are in line with research conducted by the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press [56], employing standard survey practices and yielding a representative sample. For calculation of AAPOR response rate see standard definitions in [57].
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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If your School or College is planning a Fete, Fair, Fun Day or Festival in Brisbane, regional Queensland or the Northern Territory, this Fete Guide may be of assistance. All aspects of Fete planning, organisation, marketing and administration are covered, along with a few tips and suggestions to help make your special event the very best ever!
If your organisation is planning a Special Event, there no better way of promoting the day, than on the national Fetes Fairs and Festivals website. Listings can be made free of charge, and cover all major cities and regional areas in Australia.
Fetes Fairs and Festivals is also a fabulous source of community Special Event details, for those looking for fun, excitement, fine food, wonderful entertainment and a great day out for the whole family.
Opportunities are available to advertise your business on this website advertise. Please Contact Us for further details.
For those organising a Fete, Fair, Festival or Special Event, the Services and Suppliers directory may be of assistance. From Fireworks Displays to Amusement Rides; Stage Hire to Food and Drink Vendors - links to a wide range of industry related services are available on this site.


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inbound marketing
you want more leads, more customers + more sales?
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Media coverage and positive publicity can increase overall brand awareness, but truly connecting with your audience and inspiring them to take action requires more. We don't just help our clients increase visibility and credibility. We help them attract the right audience and convert them into loyal customers and raving fans.
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Police investigating shooting in Phoenix neighborhood
PHOENIX (KSAZ) - Police are investigating an early-morning shooting in Phoenix on Wednesday.
Phoenix police say the shooting happened in a neighborhood near 35th Avenue and McKinley.
PD on scene of shooting investigation in neighborhood at 35th ave and McKinley. Part of residential street blocked pic.twitter.com/wgN418ttK9— Liz Kotalik FOX 10 (@LizKotalikFOX10) April 20, 2016
This is a developing story. Stay with Fox 10 News for updates.


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Esplanade 54 - Waterfront Holiday Home
House, Margate
Rated 4 out of 5 stars 1 review
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Esplanade 54 is a new fully self contained house located in the coastal town of Margate, this home away from home sits right on the edge of North West Bay. The house is 20 minutes south of Hobart and the Huon with lots to do within walking distance.
Within walking distance there is a large park, perfect for children and adults. There are tennis courts, bike and walking tracks and a large enclosed children's playground. Opposite the park there is a jetty and boat ramp; great for a quick fish.
Esplanade 54 is 20 minutes from the Bruny Island ferry and a large plethora of activities and attractions. Including wineries, bush walks, beaches and plenty of places to eat. It really is situated in an ideal position. And, if you don't want to drive anywhere, you can sit and look out on to the water and relax.
Esplanade 54 sleeps 7 people with the option of an 8th person on a pull out mattress or using a porta cot. Please enquire about sleeping the 8th guest.
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LIFE Groups are house fellowships that are in addition to our Sunday services. The purpose is to connect our church family and the ones we invite into meaningful relationships in homes. Scripture tells us that the early church broke bread (ate together) house to house. Their intent was to strengthen their members through accountability and encouragement. This is exactly the intent of LIFE Groups!
For Registration and more information CLICK HERE.
Once you have registered, a LIFE Group leader will reach you. At that point you may CLICK on the specific area below to get a Map to the host home.


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Where we go in Lapland
Rovaniemi is the capital of Finnish Lapland. It's a small, compact city that comes with a real buzz of modern shopping malls, lively bars and restaurants serving up everything from traditional cooking to French cuisine. It's also got the rather big draw of having Santa Claus on hand – not to mention Arctic wilderness that's perfect for snowsports and sleigh rides.


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stting up fax modem in ubuntu 9.10
I've just installed efax-gtk-3.0.17 but it doesn't seem to recognise my internal modem or ubuntu doesn't. Does anyone have experience in this area?
When I do lshw I get the following info about the modem
*-communication UNCLAIMED
description: Communication controller
product: HSF 56k HSFi Modem
vendor: Conexant Systems, Inc.
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:04:00.0
version: 01
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list
configuration: latency=64
resources: memory:febf0000-febfffff ioport:ec00(size=8)
My system is 64 bit by the way. Could that effect things?
Does this mean ubuntu hasn't recognised the hardware?
Any ideas how I can get it working?
As I see it, you've got two choices. You can buy a cheap, external fax/modem, and plug it in via serial port (or USB to serial converter works just as well), and it'll just work from there. Or, you can go to the Linuxant site, spend $20 on their Linux driver, and make the one you've got work. Be warned, though...their driver will be tied to ONE machine. If you upgrade your hardware, it'll be tied to the modem/setup you have now, and you'll have to spring another $20 for a new license.
I've now found this thread...
Which seems to indicate that there are free drivers. I don't have time to deal with it now, but I'll report back when I do.
|All times are GMT -5. The time now is 08:48 PM.


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Topic: Manchester International Festival
The Welcoming Party, Manchester International Festival...
Kids in Museum Commissioning Editor Rhonda Carrier takes her sons to experience a powerful piece of promenade theatre exploring the plight of refugees and asylum-seekers.
Sometimes a theatrical idea and a venue come together in such a profound way as to add a whole new dimension to the piece in question. … Read more
Added: July 6, 2017Comments: 0


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We help you escape, disappear, break the routine, feel that every minute that you spend away from your day to day routine is a truly special experience, surrounded by the element that helps us flow: we are talking about water. Because water brings life and water helps us to flow.
Here at AIRE Ancient Baths we have a particular way of understanding luxury. We are quite aware that happiness is made of small special moments, like a visit to our baths. We want to be your partner for the masterplan of happiness and enjoyment.
Enjoy a luxurious getaway with one of our treatments, thermal bath circuits, massages or aromatherapy session.
Live a truly luxurious getaway with us, come and escape with AIRE.
#Luxury getaways in Barcelona


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Herbert Smith Freehills (HSF) has added to its German capabilities with the hire of a litigation partner from Baker & McKenzie in Frankfurt.
Mathias Wittinghofer becomes the fourth partner at HSF in Germany, following the firm's launch in Frankfurt last April (13 February 2013). He is the first litigator to join the firm in Germany since the launch.
HSF opened in Germany following the dissolution of its alliance with Gleiss Lutz at the end of 2011 (24 November 2011), and after recruiting Gleiss partner Ralf Thaeter to head up the new operation appointed Norton Rose Fulbright corporate partner Nico Abel (16 May 2013) and legacy SJ Berwin real estate partner Hans Kessler (2 July 2013) to add to its team.
Wittinghofer focuses on finance disputes in addition to corporate litigation.
Global litigation head Sonya Leydecker, who is shortly taking up the role of co-CEO of the firm (19 December 2013), said having an on-the-ground disputes capability in Germany was a "central part" of the firm's European strategy.


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Authorized dealer for Two-Rock Amplification! The Sensor 50W is the perfect clean amp with an added lead channel that quickly propels you into anything from a sweet crunch right down into a crushing distortion that's perfect for hard rock and metal. One thing that blew us away is how responsive and sensitive this amplifier is - turn up the drive and use the volume knob on your guitar to manipulate the gain without a ANY drop in volume. Additionally, Two Rock amps are absolutely brilliant when it comes to pedals! Plug in your FX arsenal and you'll marvel at how easily the Sensor bonds with just about any pedal under the sun.
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Focused on the growing number of players who use effects. It provides Two-Rock's acclaimed cleans, mixes a tighter, more aggressive overdrive channel, and adds a fully buffered tube effects loop that brings out the best in effects, including leading edge time-based effects. It also features cascading gain stages, independent contour controls, foot switchable expansion control, and a new, medium-sized chassis. 6V6 power tubes on 22W versions, 6L6 on all other models. Sensor combos come stock with 8 OHM Celestion Creamback speakers with optional 12-65B available, and Celestion G12-65 upgrade available on request.
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Features: Two Channel (Clean and Lead) with cascading gain stages, Independent Clean and Lead channel Contour controls, Expansion control - foot switchable, Fully buffered tube effects loop with Send and Return controls and a switch for Series or Parallel loop function, 4, 8, and 16 OHM speaker outputs
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