text:
As we approach the winter season coping with cold weather can be a worry. Getting your home ready for winter can help you to stay safe and warm.
Safety Advice given by Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service (DSFRS) recommends that every home should have at least one smoke alarm. In addition DSFRS also advise that fitting a Carbon Monoxide detector is a good idea although regular maintenance of heating and cooking appliances should also be carried out. Our Winter Package is especially useful in the following circumstances:
Staying Safe and Warm – Prepare for Winter with TeignCare's Winter Package
The package consists of a smoke alarm, a carbon monoxide detector and a temperature extreme sensor, especially useful if your home is difficult to heat or you have limited mobility.
These extra sensors can easily be added to your current pendant alarm system in your home and are linked directly to our monitoring centre in exactly the same way as your pendant. When the sensors are activated they will sound an audible alarm and tell the monitoring centre. The operator will contact you to offer help and support.
If you don't currently have a pendant alarm, and would like more information then please call our TeignCare line.
The package includes the sensors below, however they can also be purchased individually from as little as an extra 90p per week.
With winter fast approaching this is the ideal package to provide that extra reassurance and peace of mind for you, your home and your family & friends.
Call our friendly TeignCare team today on 01626 355135 to arrange a free, no obligation demonstration or to request further information or email us at firstname.lastname@example.com


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VideoHive 3D Rose Petals Transition 3 Pack 5212410
Stock Footage \ Motion Graphic \ Transitions \ Nature
Realistic \ Renders \ Included \ Romantic \ Transition \ Features \ Another
Motion Graphic - 3D Rose Petals Transition 3 Pack 5212410 by weCREATEthings @ VideoHive
Stock Footage \ Motion Graphic \ Transitions \ Nature
This is our new PACK of 3 ultra realistic rose petals renders. You can use them to highly enhance any romantic style project. They are really usefull for revealing logos or titles in a very unique way You could use them also to make a great transition from a scene to another.
(See all the features below)
- PACK of 3 renders!
- Full HD (1920×1080)
- Ultra realistic style
- Alpha included (for easier compositing)
- Realistic shadow casting (for better integration)
Music is not included. You can find it here
Alpha Channel: Yes; Looped Video: No; Frame Rate: 24; Resolution: 1920x1080; Video Encoding: Photo PNG + Alpha; File Size: 235mb; Total Clip(s) Length: 0:11.
3D Ribbons Logo - 3 Pack; Always BE Yourself - Photo Gallery; Geometric Shapes Mattes - Pack of 20 ; 3D Cubes Formation - Logo Reveal; Chaotic Blast - Titles Sequence; Snow; Shiny Equalizers - 2 Music Background.
Keywords: alpha, falling, flower, love, petal, pink, realistic, red, render, romantic, rose, transition, valentine, wind.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Series 3 of the BAFTA Award-winning comedy starring Mark Gatiss, Steve Pemberton, and Reece Shearsmith. In these six episodes, a bizarre accident brings together more of the extraordinary inhabitants of Royston Vasey. Pauline is released from HMP Clitclink with dreams of running her own pen shop; Lance is sick of his unidextrous life, but soon regrets dabbling in the murky world of illegal body parts; and Geoff travels to London to become a stand-up comedian - but it's not only his act that bombs.
Tired of the 'sexploits' at his B&B, Alvin escapes to the garden centre in search of more than compost bins; Charlie is a big hit at the Spit & Polish beauty salon, proving a dab hand at providing 'extras'; the charity shop's new volunteer Keith loves am-dram, but what is the sinister secret behind his smile? Added to these horrors are street magician Dean Tavalouris, Neds, Tris, and the unstoppable Maxie-Power.
©2012 Jeremy Dyson (P)2012 AudioGO Ltd
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text:
Day three here in Tribeca and after another bleary, hour-long subway journey I'm sitting in the industry lounge supping a Chinese green tea (it was that or a Starbucks coffee - where's the PG when you want it?)
Dan is currently next door at a screening of Saint of 9/11 - read his review of that later - while here in the lounge, Jeff Garlin (Curb Your Enthusiasm) is over in the corner girning horrendously as he poses for a photograph.
I think I'm alarming some of the lounge staff here - they're all student volunteers, who do a wonderful and thankless job - as I've taken up official residence between the hours of 10 and 6. Next year I'm demanding my own desk.
Later today we're off to some red carpets, including the exclusive Vanity Fair party. Naturally there is a pecking order here, and let's just say we're closer to the bottom of the pile than the top - the "scum" of the press pack, as I've taken to calling it. Hopefully though we'll get some good video content from the carpets so look out for that early tomorrow on DS.
We're also heading down to the Empire State Building, which is apparently being bathed in the colours of the festival to mark the launch - again, keep your eyes peeled for that visual treat.
Also, do send in your festival feedback and questions to us at email@example.com; if I can muster the energy I'll feature your comments in one of our upcoming video clips.


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Living your normal-sauce life with the same fusty practices might seem agreeable. But do you ever just want to be flighty around your brood?
For your own sake, do not spend one more National Chocolate Day debating the same old-fashioned politics with your fam. All ladies and gentlemen must take at least one expedition in the United Kingdom. You may have needed a breathtaking reason to travel and this upcoming National Chocolate Day is it.
However, we grasp that travel costs time and money.
The regulars may be your heroes for Christmas and assist out-of-towners uncover the most high-profile places to stay in the United Kingdom. These regulars are true and will share palatable diners and canteens and picture-perfect resorts in their town with you and your tribe.
Say you are convinced and ready to evaluate your options on your smartphone by querying 'find terrific party palaces in Great Britain.' We wouldn't be surprised if the search leads you to Covent Garden, London. Be bold that you can find the right party palaces for you and your family.
After a periodic rush of gratification about your voyage to Covent Garden, London, frustrating situations in the real world can materialize. You may need to manage frustrating logistics or dealing with kooky folks who work on the airlines, trains and buses. But you could also make some uplifting new allies on your journey across this blue orb. Just be sure to keep your eye on the prize. You will get to Covent Garden, London eventually.
When you finally enter the lobby of one of these giant hotels, visitors will feasibly feel gay. It is normal to also feel some doubts about whether these hotels were being authentic online about how deluxe they really are.
You may try true chilis and salads for the first time ever while in this community. But you definitely might get bitter at the trendy way these eccentric top chefs prepare these meals.
If you survive this painful moment, you may realize that the vacation has taught you valuable skills. You may emerge more persistent than you were before.
Nowadays you may admire your new POV. And you should certainly admire the picture-perfect sights, sounds and tastes of this municipality. You have earned it and are a new member of the fraternity and sorority of galaxy guests.
After having an incomparable vacation in Covent Garden, London, we can grasp if you want to extend your time in the Smoke. By all means, go to the British Museum if you must. But recognize that it may be disagreeable to make this work, especially given the season. But we are sure you will be unflappable when dealing with any disagreeable issues from here.
When you get home, you will feasibly bring back your newfound resolute attitude. Go forth and ask for that promotion at work! And for those guys and gals who have never experienced London before, check out these primo restaurants in Covent Garden, London to see what you are missing!
Read more on Yelp
4-6 Russell Street
London WC2B 5HZ


text:
Laurie Lyon
Listed by Keller Williams Realty-Metropolitan
Estate Sale offering a possible flip opportunity and sold as is. Bathroom, Kitchen and Heating System modernized around 2009. Appliances replaced at the same time. Has been rented and needs cosmetics! Generous sized, partially fenced lot, detached, deep garage with automatic door opener and power. Most rooms have hardwood floors. Many windows have been replaced. Easy to show. INTERIOR PICTURES ARE PRE RENTAL!
Date Showings Begin:
Delayed Showing: Unknown


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Tuesday 25 July 1978
It was Tuesday, under the sign of Leo. The US president was Jimmy Carter (Democratic).
Famous people born on this day include Caroline Nicole Brigman and Louise Brown.
In that special week of July people in US were listening to Shadow Dancing by Andy Gibb.
In UK You're The One That I Want by John Travolta & Olivia Newton-John was in the top 5 hits.
Nurse Sherri, directed by Al Adamson, was one of the most viewed movies released in 1978
while Gnomes by Rien Poortvliet was one of the best selling books.
On TV people were watching Spearhead.
If you liked videogames you were probably playing Dynasty (video game) or Fire Truck.
But much more happened that day: find out below..
You can also have a look at the whole 1978 or at July 25 across the years.
Old Newspapers
Have a look at the old newspapers from 25 July 1978 and get them!
TV Series
Which were the most popular TV series released in the last months ?
Which were the most popular movies released in the last 30 days ?
Find out your future
Get a FREE Numerology report based on the digits of 25 July 1978!
Wish him/her..
Historical Events
Which were the important events of 25 July 1978 ?
- St. Thea
- Roman festivals - Furinalia
- Cuba - Eve of Revolution Day
- Mexico - Anniversary of the Foundation of Santiago de QuerTtaro
- Puerto Rico - Constitution Day (1952)
- Tunisia - Republic Day (1957)
- Virgin Islands - Hurricane Supplication Day
- Inca - festival in honor of Ilyap'a
- Ebernoe Horn Fair, Sussex, England
- St. Valentine
- St. Paul
- St. Nissen
- St. Cucufas/Cougat
- St. Christopher
- Costa Rica - Anniversary of the Annexation of Guanacaste Province
- Galiza - National Day (Dia da Patria Galega).
- Roman Catholicism - the feasts of at least 7 saints: St. Saint James the Great, the patron saint of Spain.
Famous Birthdays:
- Caroline Nicole Brigman: Miss South Carolina Teen USA (1997).
- Louise Brown: British child, the world's first test-tube baby, born by Caesarean section.
- Gerard Warren: American football player.
- Bob Dylan booed off Newport Folk Festival for using electric guitar
- Cin Red Pete Rose sets NL record hitting in 38 consecutive games
- John Lydon forms rock group Public Ltd Image
- Bob Lemon replaces Billy Martin as New York Yankees' manager.
- The Cerro Maravilla incident occurs.
Featured Contents
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Which were the top hits in that special week of July 1978 ?
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Magazine Covers
What news were making the headlines those days in July 1978?
- Time: Soviet dissident Anatoli Shcharansky
- SportsIllustrated: Sports Illustrated: no.8598
- Time: TIME Magazine Cover: G. William Miller -- July 17, 1978
Which were the most popular books released in the last weeks ?
Remember when
What videogames would you be playing back in the days ?


text:
Acworth (Ga.) North Cobb athlete Matt Roark took his first official visit this past weekend to watch the Oregon Ducks take on the USC Trojans. The 6-foot-6, 190-pound star from the Atlanta area has...
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text:
Call Us: 512-617-1776
- Contact
- About
- Homes
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How does your family play?
At Rough Hollow, there are so so many ways and places to play. Young families enjoy the pools, learning to fish on the lake and easy pick-up sports and games in the neighborhood. Teens love wake boarding on Lake Travis and mountain biking on trails. Moms love Mommy & Me gatherings at the fitness center and (and baby sitting for yoga classes!).
CLick HERE to see our Activities Calendar


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 6, 1983
|Filing date
|Nov 12, 1981
|Priority date
|Nov 12, 1981
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Henri J. R. Maget
|Original Assignee
|Maget Henri J R
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (68), Classifications (11), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a prime mover and more particularly to a prime mover which exploits pressure increases and decreases induced by converting molecules of electrochemically active material to ions, transporting the ions through an electrolytic membrane and reconverting the ions to molecules.
2. Description of the Prior Art
U.S. Pat. No. 3,489,670 discloses a process for gas purification in which a gas composed of hydrogen and various contaminants is introduced into a chamber bounded by an ion exchange membrane. A voltage gradient is established across the membrane, and the hydrogen molecules within the gas are ionized so that they pass through the membrane and are extracted from the opposite side of the membrane. The contaminants are not ionized and therefore do not pass through the membrane. The process can also be employed in providing hydrogen for a fuel cell.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,118,299 discloses an electrochemical water desalination process in which water containing salt and other contaminants is mixed with hydrogen gas. The mixture is introduced into a chamber bounded by an ion exchange membrane across which a voltage gradient is established. The hydrogen molecules are ionized and pass through the membrane. During passage of the hydrogen ions through the membrane, water is entrained with the ions so that at the opposite side of the membrane, hydrogen and pure water are produced. The hydrogen in gaseous form is pumped back for reuse. U.S. Pat. No. 4,118,299 discloses that the hydrogen ions under the influence of the voltage gradient will be transported from a low pressure environment on one side of the membrane to a high pressure environment on the other side of the membrane.
An article entitled "Hydrogen Electrolysis Cell" by Sedlak et al, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 6, pp 45-51, Pergamon Press, Ltd., 1981, makes reference to the above cited U.S. Patents and describes experiments in recovering hydrogen from water by employment of an electrolytic cell that includes an ion exchange membrane.
Although the above cited prior art references disclose passage of hydrogen ions through a membrane across which a voltage gradient is established, none utilizes the pressure changes caused by depletion or increase of hydrogen molecules on respective sides of the membrane to perform mechanical work.
The embodiments of the invention that are described in more detail hereinafter include at least two gas-tight compartments that are separated by an electrolytic membrane, such as an ion exchange membrane. The surfaces of the membrane that form partial boundaries of each of the chambers are provided with electrodes so that a voltage gradient can be established across the membrane to induce current flow therethrough. The compartments are filled with an electrochemically active material that can be ionized at the electrodes. When current flow is induced through the membrane, in response to establishment of a voltage gradient therein, molecules of the electrochemically active material are ionized, travel through the membrane and are reconverted to molecules in the other compartment, thereby increasing the pressure in one of the compartments and decreasing the pressure in the other compartment. Means are provided in operative association with the compartments for converting these pressure changes to mechanical motion which can be used for driving a pump or any other mechanical load.
Because electrolytic membranes are available in extremely thin structures, the voltage necessary to activate a prime mover according to the invention is extremely small so that a prime mover incorporating the invention can be powered by conventional dry batteries and therefore provide a high degree of portability.
A feature and advantage of the invention is that the increase and/or decrease of pressure in the compartments is accomplished without moving parts to the end that no friction losses are present and substantial longevity is achieved.
Another feature and advantage of the invention arises from the employment in association with one or more of the compartments of a bellows structure for converting the pressure changes into mechanical motion. The bellows structure assures a virtually perfect seal between the compartments and the environment in which the device is operated which seal is long lasting and maintenance free.
Yet another feature and advantage of the invention is that plural cells can be connected in series electrically and in parallel mechanically so that virtually any pumping capacity can be achieved and any power supply voltage can be accommodated.
The foregoing, together with other objects, features and advantages will become more apparent after referring to the following specification and the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is an elevation view in cross-section of a prime mover according to the invention which provides reciprocating mechanical motion, portions being shown out of scale for clarity.
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along line 2--2 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is an elevation view in cross-section showing a prime mover according to the invention embodied as a fluid pump, portions being shown out of scale for clarity.
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary cross-section taken along line 4--4 of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is an elevation view in cross-section showing a prime mover of the invention which employs a plurality of individual units electrically connected in series and mechanically connected in parallel, portions being shown out of scale for clarity.
FIG. 6 is a plot of time versus voltage for one suitable operating sequence according to the invention.
Referring more particularly to the drawings, reference numeral 12 indicates a gas-tight chamber having a side wall 14 and opposite end walls 16 and 18. Side wall 14 is cylindrical, but can be any other suitable cross-sectional shape. The walls are formed of metal in the specific embodiment of FIG. 1, but can be any other suitable material such as plastic, glass or like gas-tight material. Approximately midway between the end walls within chamber 12 is fixed an electrolytic membrane 20. Various forms of electrolytic membranes are disclosed in more detail below and in the prior art references previously cited.
On opposite surfaces of membrane 20 conductive electrodes 22 and 24 are disposed. The electrodes can be formed of a titanium-palladium alloy in the form of a mesh, palladium black in the form of a thin coating on the respective surfaces of membrane 20 or any other material that is electrically conductive and acts as a catalyst in converting molecules of the electrolytic material in chamber 12 to ions in response to a voltage gradient applied across membrane 20. Membrane 20 and electrodes 22 and 24 are supported in an insulative sleeve 25; the sleeve can be eliminated if side wall 14 is constructed of insulative material, such as glass.
Bounded by electrode 22, end wall 16 and the left hand portion of side wall 14 is a compartment 26; bounded by electrode 24, end wall 18 and the right hand portion of side wall 14 is a compartment 28. Wall 14 is provided with tubulations 30 and 32 which communicate with the respective compartments and permit introduction of appropriate materials into the compartments during manufacture of the device.
There is a conductor 34 which is electrically connected to electrode 22 and extends through a suitable seal 36 to the exterior of chamber 12. There is another conductor 38 which is connected to electrode 24 and extends through a seal 40 to the exterior of chamber 12. Conductors 34 and 38 are connected to an electrical controller 42 which is powered by a battery 44. Controller 42 can be a simple timed reversing switch or can be a wave generator capable of producing alternate positive and negative voltage signals of varying shape and repetition rate, the specific configuration of controller 42 depending on the load driven by the prime mover of the invention.
In the embodiment seen in FIG. 1, there are disclosed two structures for converting the pressure changes within compartments 26 and 28 to mechanical motion. In association with compartment 26 there is a tubular extension 46 extending from end wall 16. The tubular extension has an inner end in communication with compartment 26 and an outer end communicating with the ambient environment in which the device is installed. Tubular extension 46 defines a passage of constant cross-sectional shape in which is supported a piston 48. O-ring seals 50 and 51 are provided on the exterior surface of piston 48, and sliding annular seals 52 and 53 are provided at opposite ends of tubular extension 46 so that compartment 26 is maintained in a gas-tight condition. Thus, as the pressure in compartment 26 increases, piston 48 moves outward (toward the left as viewed in FIG. 1) and as the pressure within the compartment decreases, the piston moves inward (toward the right as viewed in FIG. 1).
End wall 18 is provided with an opening 54, and fixedly sealed to the margin of the opening is a bellows structure 56. At the outer end of the bellows structure a closure plate 58 is provided so that compartment 28 is maintained in a gas-tight condition. As the pressure within compartment 28 increases, bellows 56 expands and closure plate 58 moves outward (toward the right as viewed in FIG. 1), and as the pressure within compartment 28 decreases, the bellows contracts and plate 58 moves inward (toward the left as viewed in FIG. 1).
Loads connected to piston 48 and/or closure plate 58 are accordingly subjected to reciprocating motion in response to increase and decrease of pressure within compartments 26 and 28.
The specific construction of electrolytic membrane 20 depends upon the electrochemically active material that is employed in the device. The device can operate on any redox couple that contains material capable of existing in a gaseous phase and that is electrochemically reversibly active so as to react at one of the electrodes 22, 24 to produce ions which can migrate across the electrolytic membrane and be reconverted at the opposite electrode into a molecular state.
One example of a suitable redox couple is wherein both species of the couple are molecular hydrogen (H2 /H2) in gaseous form. The process by which hydrogen molecules are moved from one compartment to the other through membrane 20 is well described in the above cited prior art references. If, for example, controller 42 establishes electrode 24 at a potential that is higher than electrode 22, electrode 22 functions as a cathode and electrode 24 functions as an anode. At electrode 22, a cathodic reaction represented by the following equation occurs:
2H.sup.+ +2e.sup.- →H.sub.2
At electrode 24, an anodic reaction represented by the following equation occurs:
H.sub.2 →2H.sup.+ +2e.sup.-
The net result of the foregoing is that hydrogen molecules in compartment 28 are converted to ions, the ions move through membrane 20 under the influence of the voltage gradient thereacross. At electrode 22, the cathodic reaction reconverts the ions to molecules so that the pressure in compartment 26 is increased and the pressure in compartment 28 is decreased. When the polarity is reversed by action of controller 42, the molecules move from compartment 26 back to compartment 28 in accordance with the phenomena defined by the above equations.
Another suitable redox couple is oxygen and water (O2 /H2 O). In response to an appropriately polarized voltage gradient across membrane 20, water in a first compartment on one side of the membrane is electrolyzed. Hydrogen ions are formed at the electrode that bounds such compartment and those ions are caused to move across the membrane leaving gaseous oxygen in the first compartment; the pressure in the first compartment is thereby increased. When the hydrogen ions reach the second compartment they recombine with oxygen at the other electrode so as to form water in the second compartment. In response to such recombination in the second compartment, the pressure in the second compartment is reduced. Thus, the desired pressure increase in one compartment concurrent with pressure decrease in the other compartment is achieved with the redox couple of oxygen and water. Other suitable redox couples are chlorine and hydrochloric acid (Cl2 /HCl), bromine and hydrobromic acid (Br2 /HBr), iodine and hydriodic acid (I2 /HI), which are redox couples composed of a halogen and a halogen acid, and chlorine and lithium chloride (Li/LiCl).
A typical repetition rate for controller 42 provides for one second of a voltage gradient across membrane 20 of one polarity followed by a one second interval of a voltage gradient of opposite polarity, as depicted in FIG. 6. In one apparatus designed in accordance with the invention electrodes 22 and 24 have a thickness of about 0.002-0.003 inches, membrane 20 has a thickness of about 0.010 inches and the electrodes have a cross-sectional area of about one square centimeter. A voltage of about 0.1 volt causes a current flow through the membrane of about one ampere and at a rate of about one polarity reversal per second; the device having a membrane area of about one square centimeter can pump about 400 cubic centimeters of hydrogen per hour. In such exemplary system, the pressure in the compartments can vary from about one atmosphere to about three atmospheres.
The voltage vs. time pattern depicted in FIG. 6 is only examplary. Controller 42 can be adapted to produce voltage vs. time patterns of virtually any shape, thus permitting time regulated or programmed motion of piston 48 and closure plate 58 to take place. This in term permits exploitation the characteristic of the device that, contrary to conventional motors, the device becomes more efficient as the current decreases.
Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4, there is a metal casing 70 which is of cylindric form and which has an integral end plate 72. Casing 70 on the end opposite from end plate 72 has an outward extending flange 74 and there is an end plate 76 fastened to the flange by means of bolts 78. A gasket 80 between flange 74 and plate 76 assures that the chamber defined by housing 70 is gas-tight. At the right hand end of the chamber and in contact with the inner surface of end wall 72 is an insulative body 82. On the surface of insulative body 82 remote from end wall 72 there is a conductive dish-shaped member 84 which has a circular peripheral portion 86 and a central concave portion 88. Centrally of concave portion 88 is an electrical terminal 90 which is surrounded by a bushing 92 to insulate the terminal and the dish-shaped plate from casing 70. In contact with the peripheral portion 86 of the dish shaped member is an electrode 94 which is of similar material and function to electrodes 22 and 24 described previously in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2. There is a compartment 96 defined between dish-shaped member 86 and electrode 94; the compartment is filled with hydrogen or the like.
Electrode 94 is disposed in intimate contact with an ion exchange membrane 98 on the opposite surface of which is disposed an electrode 100. Electrode 100 is similar to electrode 94 and ion exchange membrane 98 is similar to that described hereinabove with respect to FIG. 1. There is an annular contacter 102 which defines a central opening and has a marginal portion in electrical contact with electrode 100. Contacter 102 has a curved peripheral portion 104 which contacts the inner wall of casing 70 to establish electrical contact between the casing and electrode 100 and to assist in retaining the parts of the device immovably within the casing. Contacter 102 defines a central circular opening to the margin of which is fixed a gas-tight bellows structure 106. At the end of bellows 106 remote from contacter 102 there is a circular closure plate 108 which in conjunction with the bellows and electrode 100 defines a compartment 110.
In contact with annular contacter 102 is one axial surface of an annular insert 112. The insert has an outer periphery adapted for a sliding fit within the chamber defined by casing 70 and defines an inner cylindrical shaped central opening of a diameter slightly greater than the outer diameter of bellows 106 so that bellows can expand and contract within the central opening. Insert 112 defines a radially extending inlet bore or passage 114 and a radially extending outlet bore or passage 116. In the specific embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, bores 114 and 116 are diametrically aligned with one another. An inlet fitting 118 is provided in casing 70 for establishing communication with bore 114 and an outlet fitting 119 extends through the casing and affords communication with outlet bore 116. The fittings also serve to support insert 112 immovably in casing 70. Within inlet bore 114 has a check valve 120 is disposed; the check valve is oriented to permit fluid flow only in a direction from inlet fitting 118 toward the interior of the device. Within outlet bore 116 a check valve 121 is disposed; the check valve is oriented to permit fluid flow only in a direction from the interior of the device toward outlet fitting 119.
On the left hand side of the device shown in FIG. 3 is structure substantially symmetrical or identical to that shown on the right hand side. There is an ion exchange membrane 122 on the inner surface of which there is an electrode 124 and on the outer surface of which is an electrode 126. A contacter 128 establishes electrical contact between electrode 122 and casing 70 and defines a central opening to which a bellows 130 is attached. A closure plate 132 spans the extremity of the bellows remote from electrode 124 so as to form a compartment 134. As can be seen, closure plate 132 is parallely spaced from closure plate 108. A pumping chamber 135 is formed between closure plates 108 and 132.
A compartment 136 is formed between electrode 126 and a cup-shaped retainer 138. Retainer 138 is supported by an insulative body 140, the outer or left hand extremity of which bears against the inner surface of plate 76. Retainer 138 is substantially identical to retainer 134 and has a central concave portion 142 and an outer peripheral portion 144 which makes electrical contact with electrode 128. Surrounding the periphery of membranes 98 and 102 are beads 145 of a suitable sealant such as silicone rubber. The bead prevents evaporation from the edge of the membrane and assists in retaining the elements of the device in place.
A terminal 146 is connected to the center of retainer 138 and there is an insulative bushing 148 through which the terminal extends to the exterior of the casing without establishing electrical contact with the casing. There is a terminal 150 which is attached to and electrically connected to casing 70. Because electrodes 100 and 124 are connected to the casing, connection to terminal 150 establishes a circuit to those electrodes.
A conductor 152 connects terminals 90 and 146 to one terminal of a controller 154 which is substantially identical to controller 42 previously described in connection with FIG. 1. A conductor 156 connects terminal 150 to the other terminal of the controller. The controller is adapted to supply suitable electrical signals between the terminals and can be powered by a battery 158.
In describing the operation of the embodiment of FIG. 3, it will be assumed that the potential applied by controller 154 to conductor 152 is positive with respect to the potential applied to conductor 156 so that electrodes 94 and 126 function an anodes and electrodes 100 and 124 function as cathodes. Accordingly, hydrogen molecules in compartments 96 and 136 are converted to ions by respective electrodes 94 and 126. Under the influence of the voltage gradient across membranes 98 and 122 the ions move through the membranes and are reconverted to molecules by respective electrodes 100 and 124. The consequence of this is that the pressure within compartments 110 and 134 increases. Increase of pressure in the latter chambers causes pumping plates 108 and 132 to move toward one another, the elasticity within bellows 106 and 130 permitting such movement. Movement of plates 108 and 132 toward one another decreases the volume of pumping chamber 135 and forces fluid therein through outlet fitting 119. Fluid flow through inlet fitting 118 is prevented by the presence of check valve 120 in inlet bore 114.
After a suitable period, e.g., one second, controller 154 reverses the polarity of the voltage signal applied to the electrodes so that electrodes 100 and 124 function as anodes and electrodes 94 and 126 function as cathodes. This causes ionization of hydrogen molecules in chambers 110 and 134 at electrodes 100 and 130, movement of the ions through the respective membranes 98 and 124, reconversion of the ions to molecules at electrode 94 and 126, and consequent decrease of pressure in compartments 110 and 134. The pressure in compartments 96 and 136 experienced a corresponding increase. Decrease of pressure in compartments 110 and 134 causes closure plates 108 and 132 to move away from one another in response to the elasticity in bellows 106 and 130. This results in movement of fluid from inlet fitting 118 into pumping chamber 135. Back flow of fluid from outlet fitting 119 is prevented by the presence of check valve 121 in outlet bore 116. The foregoing polarity reversals are continued as indicated in FIG. 6 to achieve pumping of fluid from inlet fitting 118 to outlet fitting 119. The rate of pumping can be controlled by controlling the repetition rate and shape of the electrical voltage signal produced by controller 154.
The embodiment of FIG. 5 demonstrates that a plurality of prime movers embodying the present invention can be combined with one another. More specifically, in the embodiment of FIG. 5, the prime movers are electrically connected in series and mechanically connected in parallel.
In FIG. 5 there is a gas-tight casing 160 which can have a cylindrical shape. The interior of casing 160 defines four compartments 162, 164, 166 and 168. Compartment 162 is bounded at one end (the left end as viewed in FIG. 5) by an end plate 170 and at the other end by an electrode-membrane structure formed by an electrode 172, a membrane 174 and electrode 176 on the side of membrane 174 opposite from electrode 172. End plate 170 is attached to casing 160 by means of a flanged joint 177. The membrane-electrode structure formed by elements 172-176 forms one boundary of compartment 164; the other boundary of the compartment is formed by a membrane-electrode structure composed of an electrode 178, a membrane 180 and an electrode 182 disposed on the side of the membrane opposite from electrode 178. The membrane-electrode structure formed by elements 178-182 constitutes the left hand boundary of compartment 166; the right hand boundary is formed by a membrane-electrode structure composed of an electrode 184, a membrane 186 and an electrode 188 disposed on the side of membrane 186 opposite from electrode 184. The membrane-electrode structure formed by elements 184-188 form one boundary of compartment 168 and an end wall 190 forms the other boundary. End plate 190 is attached to casing 160 by means of a flanged joint 191. The showing in FIG. 5 of four compartments and three membrane-electrode structures is only exemplary because virtually any number of elements can be combined in practicing the present invention.
In communication with compartments 164 and 168 are conduit branches 192 and 194 which communicate with a main conduit 196, the distal end of which is coupled to a bellows structure 198. The bellows structure includes an elastically expanding bellows side wall 200, one end of which is mounted to a base 202 and the other end of which supports a closure plate 204 so that increases and/or decreases of pressure in main conduit 196 will cause expansion or contraction of the bellows structure, i.e., movement of plate 204 away from or toward base 202. In communication with compartments 162 and 166 are branch conduits 206 and 208 which communicate with a main conduit 210. Conduit 210 communicates with a bellows structure 212 which includes an expandable bellows side wall 214, a base 216 and an end closure 218.
Fixed to end plate 218 is a gudgeon 220 and there is a corresponding gudgeon 222 fixed to end plate 204. A rocking beam 224 is pivotally pinned at its opposite end to the gudgeons and the midpoint of the rocking beam is secured to a shaft 226 which is pivotally supported by a bracket 228.
There is a conductor 230 connected between electrode 172 and one terminal of a controller 232, which is equivalent to controller 42 described previously in connection with FIG. 1. There is also a conductor 234 connected between electrode 188 and controller 232. Controller 232 is adapted to supply voltage signals to conductors 230 and 234 of appropriate shape and repetition rate, such as depicted in FIG. 6, and can be powered by a battery 236. Finally, there is a conductor 238 connected between electrodes 174 and 182 and a conductor 240 connected between electrodes 178 and 184, whereby all three membrane electrodes are connected in series.
The embodiment of FIG. 5, as is the case with the embodiments previously described, is filled with a gas whose active ingredient is essentially of hydrogen so that, as the membrane-electrode structures within casing 160 are energized from controller 232, the hydrogen is ionized at one electrode, passes through the membrane and is reconverted to molecular hydrogen at the other electrode. More specifically and assuming that the potential on conductor 234, hydrogen moves from chambers 162 and 166 to chamber 164 and from chamber 166 into chamber 168. This causes a pressure increases to be applied through branch conduits 192 and 194 and main conduit 196 to bellows structure 198. Accordingly, the bellows is expanded, and rocking beam 224 and shaft 226 rotate in a clockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 5. Concurrent with the foregoing, hydrogen is depleted from chambers 162 and 166 thereby creating a relatively low pressure in branch conduits 206 and 208, main conduit 210, and bellows structure 212. This effects contraction of the latter bellows structure which produces a clockwise moment on rocking beam 224 that is additive to that provided by bellows structure 198. After an appropriate interval, e.g., one second, controller 232 reverses the polarity of the conductors so that the potential on conductor 234 is greater than that on 230. In response to the latter, hydrogen is moved from chamber 164 to chambers 162 and 166 and from chamber 168 to chamber 166. The reverse action occurs, i.e., bellows structure 212 is expanded and bellows structure 198 is contracted, thus subjecting rocking beam 224 to counter clockwise movement as viewed in FIG. 5. Power can be taken directly from shaft 226, or if unidirectional rotation is desired, power can be taken through ratchet-pawl mechanism or an overrunning clutch. Accordingly, the device seen in FIG. 5 illustrates that the individual membrane-electrode structures of the invention can be cascaded and can supply transducers that are located remote from the prime mover structure. The series electrical connection between the membrane-electrode permits use of commercially available dry cell batteries because sufficient membrane-electrode structures can be connected in series to accommodate the cell voltage.
In certain applications it is desirable to fill the compartments with substantially pure hydrogen. In other cases where depletion of hydrogen from a compartment would produce unacceptably low pressures, the hydrogen can be mixed with an inert gas to which the membrane is impervious, nitrogen exemplifying a suitable gas for the purpose. Thus, in a system where a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture is employed, the nitrogen remains in the compartment in which it is placed thereby providing a preselected residual pressure even when all hydrogen is depleted from the compartment.
In a typical example of the invention, after the device is fabricated, air is evacuated therefrom and hydrogen, with or without an inert gas, is introduced into the device compartments to a pressure of about two atmospheres. One suitable mode of operation is to polarize the membrane-electrode structures in one sense until the pressure on one side of the membrane-electrode structure is about three atmospheres and the pressure on the other side is about one atmosphere. Thereafter, the polarity is reversed to effect transportation of hydrogen in the opposite direction.
A prime mover according to the invention can be constructed in a wide range of sizes from an extremely small device having a cross sectional area of about one centimeter to devices substantially larger. Because the invention affords implementation in such a miniature device utilizing battery power sources, it lends itself to implantation or installation at inaccessible locations.
Although several embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious that other adaptations and modifications can be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention.
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|Nov 24, 1987
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19870906


text: Monday, April 21, 2014, 6:39 a.m. – the Lord Jesus put the song in mind, "What The Lord Says." Speak, Lord, your words to my heart. I read 2 Corinthians 1:1-11 (NIV). In All Our Troubles Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of compassion and the God of all comfort, who comforts us in all our troubles, so that we can comfort those in any trouble with the comfort we ourselves receive from God. For just as we share abundantly in the sufferings of Christ, so also our comfort abounds through Christ. If we are distressed, it is for your comfort and salvation; if we are comforted, it is for your comfort, which produces in you patient endurance of the same sufferings we suffer. And our hope for you is firm, because we know that just as you share in our sufferings, so also you share in our comfort. God comforts us What kinds of troubles are you presently facing? First of all I should ask, do you know Jesus as your Lord and Savior? Are you walking in fellowship with him? Are you suffering for your faith in him and your testimony for him? In context, I believe this is the type of suffering of which Paul is speaking here. He and the other apostles were facing hardship, persecution, false accusations, beatings, false arrests and even threats against their own lives, i.e. they were sharing in the fellowship of Christ's sufferings. Yet, could other types of sufferings be implied here, as well? Certainly, for Paul used such phrases as "all our troubles," and "any trouble." As well, I believe there can be various types of comfort we receive based upon the type of suffering we are going through, though there may be commonalities, as well. The word translated as "trouble" in the NIV means "persecution, affliction, distress, tribulation; properly, pressure (what constricts or rubs together), used of a narrow place that 'hems someone in'; tribulation, especially internal pressure that causes someone to feel confined (restricted, 'without options')" (http://biblehub.com/greek/2347.htm). I've been there. I suspect you have, too. Yet, Jesus cares about all our afflictions, poverty, trials, tribulations, hardships, sorrow and pain. He is even concerned with those troubles brought upon our lives via our own stubborn wills and sinful behaviors. This is why I believe that our "comfort" can be varied depending upon the source or type of suffering we are going through, for the word "comfort" actually means "exhort, entreat, beseech, encourage and/or admonish" (http://biblehub.com/greek/3870.htm). Sometimes he comforts us with words of reassurance, peace, wisdom and hope, and other times he comforts us with words of reproof, caution, and warning, yet still he offers forgiveness and restoration, i.e. hope. We comfort others Jesus/God comforts us because he loves us, and he wants what is best for us. He also comforts us so that we may encourage others with the same admonishment and/or reassurance we have received from the Lord. I believe with all my heart that scripture teaches that God had a plan and a purpose for my life from even before I was made in my mother's womb. I believe, as well, that God is absolutely sovereign over all things, and that he placed me in the family where he put me, that he took me places where he wanted me to go, and that he allowed certain circumstances, in particular tribulations, in my life in order to shape and to mold me into the person he created me to be, so that I could be used of him in the lives of other people who are going through similar situations as what I have experienced in my life. I believe I would not be here writing out what the Lord Jesus teaches me each day had I not gone through some of the things I have experienced in my life. Had I not traveled a difficult road, it might have been too easy to turn back when the going got rough. I was faced with much rejection, abuse, neglect, misunderstandings, false judgments, and persecution from early on in my life, which has continued throughout the course of my life. Yet, God did not leave me comfortless. He provided his word, himself, spiritual songs and other people along the way to encourage, strengthen and counsel me; to love me and to show me affection; yet also to be honest with me in love. I needed both types of encouragement. Yet, I also had times in my life when I failed God miserably, when I yielded to my flesh, and when I ran for comfort in other things that were not of God because I lacked faith and trust in God to work in those circumstances for his glory. Yet, he never gave up on me. He brought me back, renewed my faith, put me back on the right path, and chose to use me once more. He Will Deliver Us We do not want you to be uninformed, brothers and sisters, about the troubles we experienced in the province of Asia. We were under great pressure, far beyond our ability to endure, so that we despaired of life itself. Indeed, we felt we had received the sentence of death. But this happened that we might not rely on ourselves but on God, who raises the dead. He has delivered us from such a deadly peril, and he will deliver us again. On him we have set our hope that he will continue to deliver us, as you help us by your prayers. Then many will give thanks on our behalf for the gracious favor granted us in answer to the prayers of many. No matter what kind of suffering we may be experiencing, whether our trials are truly "light and momentary" troubles by contrast to the difficult sufferings of others, or we are at the point of despairing of life, feeling there is no hope, our God allows these in our lives so that we learn to not rely upon ourselves, but to put our trust in God. Sad to say, but many times it is in the difficulties of life that we learn to place our trust solely in God, to put our hope in him, and to draw on his strength and comfort. When things are going well for us, we can easily become self-consumed, busy with what pleases us, and we can become negligent in continuing in our love relationships with Jesus Christ, even to the point of totally ignoring him. So, he permits us to go through hardships so that we do call upon him and so we do learn to draw on his strength, comfort, counsel, encouragement, direction and teaching. As well, he promises us deliverance, not necessarily from the difficulties of life, especially since he tells us that we are destined for such things, and that they serve a purpose in our lives, but that through them he will be with us, will carry us, will comfort us, heal us, show us his love and care for us, and he will use us in the lives of others because of what we have had to endure for the sake of his name. I can attest to the fact that God does deliver in many ways. Sometimes he just releases us from the fear of circumstances, and he fills us with his peace. Oftentimes, he shows us the way out of our troubles, or he directs us in the way we should go so that we do not give in to them, and so we do not let them get the best of us. Other times he fills us with promises of hope and healing for the future, even while we are walking through the valley of the shadow of death in the here and now. And, yet other times he intervenes miraculously on our behalf in fighting off our enemies and in giving us physical deliverance from harm. Yet, no matter which way he chooses to rescue us in any given circumstance, what is true is that he is always with us, he will never leave us or forsake those who are truly his, he will continue to lead, guide, counsel, love, and protect us from the evil one; and he will sustain us, strengthen us, and give us endurance and perseverance to keep on keeping on, and to never ever give up hope! Amen! What the Lord Says / An Original Work February 24, 2014 / Based off Isaiah 43:1-44:5 This is what the Lord says to you: Fear not, for I have chosen you. I have summoned you by your name. You are mine. I died, you to save. When you go through your trials, so deep, I will be with you; you will not sink. You are so precious always to me. Trust in your Lord, Savior and King. This is what the Lord says to you: He who gave salvation to you; Who delivered you from your sin; Takes your burdens now upon Him: Forget the former things of your life. Give of your heart not now up to strife. See all the new things I have for you. Walk in vict'ry. Trust in what's true. This is what the Lord says to you: He who made you; who will help you: Do not fear what humans may do. Walk in freedom. Follow what's true. Drink of my Spirit given for you. Trust in my mercy, for I love you. I have a plan for all of your life. Follow my ways. Do what is right. http://originalworks.info/what-the-lord-says/


text:
Welcome to MPGH
Hey all, I'm Xelthos and I'm knew to the whole MPGH thing, but I'm looking forward to where it takes me.
I'm interested in taking my maplestory experience to a new place of sorts with some 3rd party programs that will let me have more fun personally with new characters and so on, as I've been playing on and off since release and I've had enough of being completely legit. I was level 130 pre 4th job, so I think I've done my fair share of grinding and deserve a little fun now.
I'm completely new to hacking, but I'm not new to the hardcore side of legit gaming. I was raiding in a top 500 worlds WoW guild, and I've played tons of other games in my spare time for the past 4 years. I also was 130 on my hermit pre 4th job on Khaini back in the day, T0ddifer if any of you know/remember that far back.
I'm 17, I'm a professional musician and I've been singing in a professional, grammy award winning choir for the past year and a half, and I love all kinds of music. I'm also academic and in senior year, looking to go into environmental sciences/biochemistry and into law or med school eventually.
I feel like it has probably been asked before if there is any kinds of guides about where to start from scratch with regards to hacking, but I looked around a bit and I haven't seen any. Is there any kind of bare-bones structure I should approach hacking with in terms of a list of things to have, to do, and the order that they need to be done/acquired? If someone can post a reply with some relevant information that would be awesome.
Welcome to MPGH
Resource Team: Feb/5/2012 - May/5/2012Middleman: April/25/2012 - September/16/12
Welcome ang good luck on MapleStory
Welcome to MPGH, and all hacks here are pretty straightforward, the coders try and make them as simple as possible for the user to use.
Nice intro.
"Depending on the context, I may or may not enjoy getting stoned to death" - zιтнιυм
Ex WarRock Minion Force
Welcome to MPGH!
Press "Thanks" If I Helped You
iOS & Java Developer Mainly
Welcome to MPGH.
Crossfire Minion: 28 October 2010Official Middleman: 20 September 2012Trusted Member: 15 February 2013
Official Middleman: 11 April 2013
Official Middleman: 10 January 2015---------------------------------------------------
Global Moderator: 25 December 2012
Head Administrator: 21 March 2013
Welcome to MPGH.
Welcome to MPGH!
Welcome to MPGH.
MPGH member since 11 February 2012
Ex - Contributor
Ex - CF minion


text:
Becca Fitzpatrick Quotes About HomeQuotes about: Home
Go ahead. You're not going to walk in on anyone. I'm home alone." "The whole night?" Immediately, I realized it might not have been the smartest thing to say. "Dorothea will be coming soon." That was a lie. Dorothea was long gone. It was close to midnight. "Dorothea?" "Our housekeeper. She's old- but strong. Very strong." I tried to squeeze past him. Unsuccessfully. "Sounds frightening," he said, retrieving the key from the lock. He held it out for me. "She can clean a toilet inside and out in under a minute. More like terrifying.
Try it on." "It's probably a little snug. Marcie tends to buy down when it comes to sizing." He merely smiled. "It has a slit up the thigh." His smile depened. "Zip it up?" Patch's eyes made a slow assessment of me, sharpening to vivid black. "I'm going to have a hard time sending you off with Scott in that dress. Just a heads-up: If you come home and the dress looks even slightly tampered with, i will track Scott down, and when i find him, it won't be pretty.
You're a liar!" He turned around, his black eyes snapping. "I'm also a thief, a gambler, a cheat, and a murdered. But this happens to be one of the rare times when I'm telling the truth. Go home. Consider yourself lucky. You've got a chance to start fresh. Not everyone can say the same.
My mom's coming home soon," I said. "We should go to your place." Patch ran a hand across the shadow of stubble along his jaw. "I have rules about who I take there." I was getting really tired of that answer. "If you showed me, you'd have to kill me?" I guessed, fighting the urge to feel irritated. "Once I'm inside, I can never leave?" Patch studied me a moment. Then he reached into his pocket, twisted a key off his key chain, and slipped it into the front pocket of my pajama top. "Once you've gone inside, you have to keep coming back.
If I asked you to do something for me, I don't suppose you'd listen?" When he had my attention, he continued, "I'm going to take you home. Try to forget tonight happened. Try to act normal, especially around Hank. Don't mention my name." By way of an answer, I shot him a black look and swung out of the Tahoe. He followed suit, coming around to my side. "What kind of answer is that?" He asked, but his voice wasn't nearly so gruff.
Since the dawn of time, women have been attracted to mates with strong survival skills—like intelligence and physical prowess— because men with these qualities are more likely to bring home dinner at the end of the day." He stuck his thumbs in the air and grinned. "Dinner equals survival, team
Do you ever think of moving back?" "To Coldwater? Heck, no. England suits me fine. These Brits love my accent. The first time Gavin asked me out it was just to hear me talk. Lucky for him, it's one of the things I do best." All teasing left her eyes. "Too many memories back home. Can't drive down the street without thinking I see Scott in the crowd.
Becca Fitzpatrick
- Born: February 3, 1979
- Occupation: Author
- Cite this Page: Citation


text: @Imran ali khan If you want to show off your lights then you can go to xenon planet because at that price no one can give you quad setup.Till now I have found him the best installer which means he sets the height of the throw perfectly. If you want to install originals morimotos then install it on low beams which actually work , because if you install on high beams then it will be just for show because you wont be using it . First you need to find a local installer . Note Fiat headlights are too dificult to open so you need some one proffessional . If you still keen to install a projector on high beams , I can suggest you a dummy projector which looks like a projector but on behind it works on halogen. Here is the pic of the dummy projector cost is also very cheap. Dummy projector 1100 INR Shrouds 1900 INR These are Mini H1 dummy


text: Abdelwahid habibullah community Add ImageLinksEdit Articles (2) Random New Changes Help Log in Rudishwa kutoka "http://sw.abdelwahid-habibullah.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page?oldid=1" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Jamii: Add category Batilisha Hifadhi


text:
The Pilgrim Pope from Poland
The Legacy of Karol Wojtyla—
His Holiness Pope John Paul II
by Stas Kmiec
Polish American Journal, May 2005
"The more sand that has escaped from the hourglassof our life, the clearer we should see through
it."—Pope John Paul II
"Our beloved Holy Father, John Paul, has returned to the house of the Father," Archbishop Leonardo Sandri announced on Saturday, April 2, 2005. It was the vigil of Mercy Sunday,
a feast day dedicated to The Divine Mercy as was requested by our Lord through Sister Faustina Kowalska. The devotion was announced during the canonization of the Polish nun on April 30, 2000 by the Holy Father,
and was a symbol of his papacy's close connection to the Virgin Mary and God.
Pope John Paul II will go down in history as one of the greatest popes ever, one whose intense spirituality, intellectual brilliance and sheer physical stamina were beyond dispute. The Holy
Father was not well known outside his native Poland until he was elected pope more than 26 years ago. He grew to become a powerful ambassador for his church and his people. At age 84 he had led a long and
meaningful life.
He drew crowds that rival those of a rock star, traveling in his popemobile to get close to the people; he visited 129 countries and kissed the ground of every continent, except Antarctica.
He earned the nickname the "Pilgrim Pope." On a scale unlike any pope before him, he brought the papacy to the people.
John Paul II was never shrouded behind the walls of the Vatican. His travels became a trademark of his papacy. In the 2,000-year history of the church, no other pope traveled as far. Fluent
in eight languages, he reached out to the powerful and the poor, seeing not only world leaders, but those in hospitals, slums and prisons. The pope's travels and ability to talk plainly to the people who
came to see him gave him a connection with his audience and a popularity his predecessors may have lacked.
ABC News Vatican correspondent Bill Blakemore, who covered Pope John Paul II during his entire 26-year papacy said "John Paul, when he traveled, attracted these enormous crowds
believed to be the largest crowds ever yet assembled on earth."
The five books he wrote outsold the world's best and brightest authors, but for Pope John Paul II, a modern man with conservative values, none of this mattered as long as he was
spreading his message of Christ's love and the sanctity of life.
Growing up in Poland, Karol Jozef Wojtyla lived under Nazi occupation. During World War II he was a quarry worker, but secretly he continued his seminary studies. He was active in an
underground Christian democratic group that helped Jews escape the Nazis.
Exceptional he turned out to be—a poet, sportsman and priest. He attended Jagiellonian University in Krakow, studying philosophy and literature. After being sent to work with Polish
refugees and French youths in France, he got his first experience at the Vatican, earning a doctorate in both philosophy and theology at the Pontifical Angelicum University. He had tears in his eyes when he was
elected the first non-Italian pope in 458 years in 1978.
"What you saw is what you got," said Vatican official, Archbishop John Foley. "An individual who was authentically prayerful, interested, and warm and he had the gift of
being able to communicate that on a wide scale."
But his papacy was not without hardship and controversy. In May of 1981 there was an assassination attempt in St. Peter's Square. A Turkish national was convicted of the crime and
with great compassion John Paul II visited the gunman in prison to show forgiveness. While giving thanks to Virgin Mary in Fátima for having saved his life, he narrowly escaped attack by bayonet-wielding Spanish
When some Catholics began to question longstanding rituals he held the church line—forthrightly conservative in upholding church doctrine. "The Catholic Church is committed to
protecting and cherishing every human life, including the life of the unborn," he said
His strength of character held equally strong in the political realm he scared down Communism, apologized for the Catholic Church's role in anti-Semitism and objected to the invasion
of Iraq.
In recent years the diagnosis of Parkinson's slowed his travels, but not before he made an emotional last trip home to Poland in 2002. This quiet man, who rose from humble beginnings,
inspired millions as leader of the Catholic Church, but in his role as world leader he continues to reach an even greater audience.
John Paul endured serious health problems with heroic calm—an assassination attempt, the removal of a tumor the size of an orange, two falls that broke his shoulder and leg, and the
debilitating onset of Parkinson's disease.
As evidence of his determination in the face of suffering, the great communicator was unable to speak on Palm Sunday. He struggled with his fate before giving himself over to God's
will. It was his gift to all of us, Catholic or not —to let us see his frailty and suffering—our humanity mirrored in his. The drama and suffering of his last days played out before the world as a
metaphor for Christian faith. For so long this had been the way we saw him, but it is now in death that we are reminded of how different he seemed when he became pope over 26 years ago.
Karol Wojtyla was a surprise choice to be the 264th pope. He was selected on October 16, 1978, when none of the favorites could poll a majority among the College of Cardinals. This clearly
was something new at 58, young as popes go and Polish, John Paul II, as he decided to be called was the first non-Italian to be chosen in over 450 years, since a Dutch pontiff, Hadrian VI, in 1522.
In retrospect the outline of what sort of pope John Paul II would become is evident for all to see. Karol Wojtyla was born May 18, 1920 in the town of Wadowice. "Lolek" as he
was called, was the second son of Karol Wojtyla Sr., a retired army officer and tailor, and Emilia Kaczorowska Wojtyla, a schoolteacher.
One by one members of his family died—first his mother when he was age 8, then his older brother, and finally his father. He was alone by the age of 21, so a preoccupation with family
issues and loss were established early. His closest friend was Jerzy Kluger, a Jewish boy from a wealthy local family, with whom the Pope maintained a lifelong friendship.
He never forgot what it was like when the Nazis invaded Poland. The future Pope saw Jewish and Catholic friends taken a way to concentration camps. He was picked up himself, but released.
In 1942 he began studying for the priesthood in secret. By the time he was ordained in 1946, the Soviets had replaced the Germans. Just being a priest in Poland made Karol Wojtyla a cold warrior, resisting
Communism. It was no accident that one of his first significant acts as Pope was to go home in June of 1979.
"Gorbachev once said to me that the one big mistake of Communism was allowing Pope John Paul II to travel to Poland right after he was elected pope," stated Raymond Flynn, a
former U.S. ambassador to the Vatican and former Mayor of Boston. The pope's trips lead directly to the rise of the Solidarity movement. Solidarity was the wedge that broke open the calcified and rigid
structure of Soviet Communism. The non-violent defeat of Communism is the single largest event of the 20th century and the pope was the architect of this fall.
Four million people gathered to hear Pope John Paul II in Kraków. Hundreds of million more watched him on television. It was the first real inkling of how public his papacy would be.
Many of the pope's foreign trips were to places that no pope had ever visited before. Surprisingly enough, he became the first reigning pope to travel to the United Kingdom, Canada
and Spain, in addition to many smaller and third world countries.
In January 1998, he made a historic visit to Communist Cuba, where his appeals for freedom of speech, human rights and the release of political prisoners were the first noncommunist public
speeches since 1959.
His trip, the first to Cuba of any pope, revitalized the Catholic religion on the island nation after almost 40 years of repression, prompting President Fidel Castro to lift the ban on
Christmas celebrations. The peaceful revolution John Paul sparked in Cuba was much like the ones he supported in Eastern Europe and his native Poland.
Pope John Paul II tried to force political change elsewhere, admonishing dictators like Ferdinand Marcos in the Philippines and Baby Doc Duvalier in Haiti. He was not always successful but
stood firm on issues such as violence, aggression and war.
Bridging the gap between religions, the cornerstone of John Paul II's papacy was his message of tolerance for other faiths. He did more than any of his predeccesors to reach out to
people of other faiths. He became the first pontiff to visit a mosque in Syria in 2001. He attempted to mend centuries of tension between Western Catholicism and Eastern Orthodox Christians.
He was the first pope to ever enter a synagogue. On April 13, 1986 John Paul embraced the Rabbi of Rome at the beginning of his visit to the Synagogue of Rome—a symbolic act denying
2,000 years of Catholic teachings regarding the Jewish religion. He traveled to Israel in 2000 and embraced then Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak. On that same trip, he went to Palestinian Bethlehem to pray at
the traditional birthplace of Jesus and called for peace between Israel and the Palestinians.
These travels nearly cost him his life. He was gravely wounded in an assassination attempt, as he crossed St. Peter's Square, but after 22 days of hospitalization, survived the
serious wound to his intestine.
The third secret of Fátima became an obsession for those who speculated that it predicted the end of the world or some rift in the church. Three popes learned of the secret as revealed by
Sister Lucia, according to the Vatican, and decided not to release it.
On May 13, 2000, the Vatican secretary of state disclosed that the secret actually referred to the attempted assassination against John Paul II, who figured in the original Fátima vision as
"a bishop clothed in white."
Skeptics were not convinced and have continued to speculate. John Paul, however, accepted that the third secret foretold the attempt on his life and attributed his survival to Our Lady of
Fátima. He visited the shrine and Sister Lucia several times and placed the bullet that nearly killed him in the crown of the shrine's statue in Portugal. The day he was shot was May 13, the anniversary of
Our Lady of Fátima.
Who could have imagined that he would visit his would-be killer, Mehmet Ali Agca in prison and forgive him? But along with the great symbolic gestures there were also small, sweet, even
humorous moments of spontaneity, intimacy, and humanity.
This was one side of the pontiff—the progressive, media-savvy humanitarian. There was also another side, a more controversial John Paul. He was divided person—clearly committed
to a traditional notion of power in the church and his absolute commitment to the power of the papacy. John Paul found himself at odds with millions of Catholics in the United States and Europe, who considered
him reactionary and out of touch.
"That's My Logic." Many Westerners found the pope's positions on sex and gender issues a confusing contrast to his charm as a pastor and his concern for the poor and
The late Tad Szulc, a papal biographer, asked John Paul about this. The pope said, "No, it's you people who misunderstand. I am totally consistent. In my mind it is completely
and totally organic logic. For example, I am a believer in human rights; therefore, I am a believer in human life. If I am a believer in human life, I have to exclude abortion; I have to exclude all means of
artificial conception." He said, "That is my logic, take it or not."
"It is interesting to note that in the United States, it seems different people seized different parts of the pope's agenda and identified with that, but not with the
entire agenda," said Fr. Joseph O'Hare, president emeritus of Fordham University.
The pope visited San Francisco, Calif. in 1987, at the height of that city's AIDS crisis. He held a mass that several AIDS patients attended, including 4-year old Brendan
O'Rourke. The family sought not a cure, but comfort and blessing. During his entrance, the pope paused and embraced the child. In his homily he spoke of God's love—"God loves you all. He
loves those of you who are sick, those who are suffering from AIDS." This broke down barriers, introducing AIDS to the world in a way it that it had not been willing to see before. It had been seen as a
disease that only certain people were contracting, but now was revealed as a disease that people were getting.
"He defined what a Pole was. The pope created the possibility of giving a voice to Poland. He became the spokesman of Poland to the world."—Adam Boniecki, editor,
Tygodnik Powszechny
This pope scorned the empty pursit of wealth and goods in rich countries, cautioning the powerful nations of the world and speaking out for the poorer ones. He admitted that the church had
made historical mistakes over the past two millenniums and in the year 2000, against the advice of his inner circle in Rome, apologized for them, most notably for a history of anti-Semitism, the Inquisition and
the Crusades and later formally declared the church erred in condemning Galileo.
Poland's loss. Nowhere is the loss of Pope John Paul II being more deeply felt than in his native Poland. As soon as they heard their beloved Pope had died, Poles of all ages headed
to churches to pray, to reflect and to remember. Even the young, born after John Paul had left his native land for the Vatican, felt his intimate presence.
The Roman Catholic Church lost one of its most charismatic and influential leaders, but Poland lost one of the great men of this country's turbulent and tragic history—the man
who represented to them nothing less than the savior of the national Polish soul.
The16th century bell of the Wawel Cathedral the largest bell in Poland tolled his passing. With a deep and mystical timber, it has been rung rarely in its nearly 500-year history, only on
historic occasions. The last time it had been heard in Kraków was in 1978 when the city's local son was elected pope. The pope had always been interested in that bell, saying it is the soul of Poland.
In Poland, it was the end of an era, one that began in 1978 when Karol Wojtyla was elected pope and Poland was a Communist dictatorship and one that ended with Poland democratic and secure.
One by one, and as a nation they mourned the loss of their great liberator, the man they believe gave them the courage to defeat Communism in Poland. The defining moment came in 1979 at the
first mass that John Paul gave in Poland after becoming pope. He said four simple words: "Do not be afraid." The effect was electrifying.
Suddenly Poles discovered in their Catholic faith a powerful political tool. It united them with anti-Communist trade unionists in the great Solidarity movement and went on to overthrow
Poland's Russian-backed government. For many in that crowd this was just the latest and greatest gift to Poland from a man who had always loved and advised his countrymen.
The Górale highlanders gave the pope the warmest and most moving welcome of all. The Mayor of Zakopane, Adam Bachleda-Curu paid tribute to him on behalf of all Polish highlanders.
"Thank you for getting us out from under the yoke of red slavery," he said. "Now you are teaching us to clear our fatherland's house of everything that brings shame, destruction, slavery
and ruin."
When the pope left the Polish mountains, the crowd broke out in a traditional popular song about a highlander who leaves his ancestors' mountain pastures, "Góralu, czy ci nie
¿al" ("Highlander, are you not grieving?"). The song soon became synonymous with Poland's deep affection with pope.
"I am happy that I lived in the time of John Paul II," President Aleksander Kwasniewski of Poland said on Polish television. "We wouldn't have had a free Poland
without him."
As Lech Walesa, the leader of the Solidarity labor union movement, once stated: "The pope was 50 percent responsible for the fall of Communism; Solidarity 30 percent; the
international situation responsible for the rest."
"He was the presence who created the Polish identity," said the Rev. Adam Boniecki, the editor of Tygodnik Powszechny, a Catholic weekly. "He defined what a Pole was. The
pope created the possibility of giving a voice to Poland. He became the spokesman of Poland to the world."
While the rest of the world mourns the loss of Pope John Paul II, poles are grieving a death in their family.
In one of his final messages, Pope John Paul II entrusted himself to God's "merciful love" and urged the faithful in his native Poland to follow his example. The message
was read to thousands of worshipers attending Mass outside Kraków, where John Paul served as archbishop from 1964 until he became pope in 1978.
"The Sunday of Divine Mercy is approaching, and I want to sincerely bless all those gathered [here] to love God for His merciful love," the pope's tender missive
read. "I wish to once again entrust the church, the world, all people around the globe and myself in my weakness to this love," he added. The message was dated two days before the pope died.
Some 2 million people traveled to Rome to pay final requiem to Pope John Paul II. People filed past the pope's crimson-robed body lying in state at St. Peter's Basilica at a
rate of about 18,000 an hour. Hundreds of thousands of Poles poured into Rome on the final day, but their presence had already been evident throughout the city. The presidential assemblage from the United States
joined nearly 200 other world leaders in Vatican City for the funeral.
Spiritual Will. The Vatican said a Mass for the Feast of Divine Mercy was celebrated beginning at 8:00 p.m. and was officiated over by Archbishop Stanislaw Dziwisz, Cardinal Marian Jaworski
and two Polish prelates. The sacrament for the sick and dying, formerly known as last rites, was administered, along with Viaticum, or communion received when death appears imminent.
The Vatican said the pope's final hours were marked by the "uninterrupted prayer of all those who were assisting him in his pious death and by the choral participation in prayer
of the thousands of faithful who for many hours had been gathered in St. Peter's Square."
Just before he died, Pope John Paul II stared from his bed at the window of his airy, sparsely furnished Vatican bedroom, looking toward the crowd gathered below in St. Peter's Square
he whispered "Amen," and grasped the hand of his long-serving private secretary and close friend, Dziwisz.
Present at the moment of death were his two secretaries, Dziwisz and Monsignor Mieczys³aw Mokrzycki, Jaworski, Archbishop Stanis³aw Ry³ko, the Rev. Tadeusz Styczeñ, three nuns who assisted
the pope, their superior, Sister Tobiana Sobódka and Ewa Kostrzêbska, a Polish nurse who worked with the pontiff for the last 16 years.
"I always remember these words he once told me," said Kostrzêbska: "Z kim przestajesz, tym zostajesz, which means, you become like those around you."
Close Vatican aide, Cardinal Edmund Szoka said that John Paul II embodied the virtues of faith, hope, charity and love and was a living example of justice, prudence, temperance and
The late pope's testament, a last message to the faithful and the world was a 15-page document written in his native Polish throughout his papal tenure. Cardinal Francis George,
archbishop of Chicago, said that the document was a "very, very moving spiritual testament of a man who lived with the Lord."
The late Pope John Paul II suggested in his last testament that he considered the possibility of resigning in 2000, when the Roman Catholic Church began its new millennium and he turned 80,
but later considered that Christ did not put down his cross, and he would continue to bear his physical limitations.
The document also said he left no material property and asked that all his personal notes be burned. It mentioned only two living people: his personal secretary and the chief rabbi of Rome
who welcomed him to Rome's synagogue in 1986.
The Polish-born pope had considered the possibility of a funeral in Poland, but later left it up to the College of Cardinals to decide.
The pope was buried in the grotto beneath St. Peter's Basilica, with a white silk veil on his face. His body was dressed in liturgical vestments, and his remains were placed inside
the traditional three coffins—wood, zinc and wood. A number of commemorative medals and a biography will be buried with him, Archbishop Piero Marini, the chief of liturgical ceremonies, told the press, but
not soil from his native Poland, as many Poles had requested.
His personal magnetism and charisma somehow managed to bridge the divisions within the Catholic Church. People liked him, even if they disagreed with him. On the evening before his death
Pope John Paul was told that St. Peter's Square was filled with young people. According to a spokesman, the dying pope then seemed to mouth these words to them, "I have looked for you, now you have
come to me, and I thank you."
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First Team News
Pearce reveals aims
Stuart Pearce 0607
Stuart Pearce has outlined his early aims for the Blues squad as they returned to training at Carrington today.
The Blues boss observed: "I think this first week we will assess the fitness of the players and we'll be doing fitness tests on them and get them feeling the ball really, something they've probably not done for the majority of the summer.
"The boys are looking in good shape having followed the programme we gave them over the summer and it's just a case of getting them back into the swing of things.
"The overall aim is to get them back as a fully fit squad ahead of that first game at Chelsea and obviously selection problems for me - so that's what we're looking for."
City's pre-season gets underway on July 19 with an evening visit to Wrexham and the Manager added: "We're back into training now and with a game 10 days away we'll be ready for that and it's just a case of giving everyone 45 minutes football to start with and building up progressively.
"It is important to make sure that the new signings who have joined us in the summer are comfortable and the Academy graduates quickly get acclimatised to Carrington."
Pearce also had time to give a quick answer on the current transfer speculation surrounding the Club.
He confirmed: "We're just waiting on one player at the moment and an agreement with the clubs should be in place this week and obviously we're battling away for one or two others."


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I Always Feel Like People Don't Really Love Me
I feel like people only love me if I do something nice for them, or behave kindly. 389 People
The love I knew was hate,hurt, pain, and abuse. When "real" love comes around.... I want it... But I run from it. I'm pretty f---ed up. Huh?
Philli8807 26-30, F 0 Aug 22, 2014
I feel like I'm here to fulfill other people'sneeds and that's all people see me as, an object to get the job done. I don't mean just sexually either , for anything I'm just a tool for people.
XcookiexbakerXx 22-25, F 0 Mar 18, 2016
It's funny. you pour your heart outand the response feels like it make you paralyzed. why does something like this happens?
SeriousSquirrel 26-30, M 0 Feb 12, 2016
A lie I tell myself:I'll forget I loved you asomeday. Because the memory will become faint. And the feelings will dissipate. And the thought of you won't make me hurt anymore.And unspoken but understood goodbyes will happen. And life won't be so hard. And I won't feel so broken. And I'll stop wishing that that this love...
CrazyHippieChick 22-25 0 Sep 16, 2014
Perhaps I'm just a bitter,young thing, but in all honesty I say this without a bitter tone. This isn't a threatening idea, it simply is a truth. What is there to love? And if there was something, who would see it? And if I am, perhaps, blind to my own charm, then why has no one expressed it before? It's...
typedwriter 26-30, F 1 Response 1 Aug 22, 2014
Crystalbaby90 18-21, F 1 Sep 17, 2015
Always 2nd Or 3rd Or 4th Or 5th...........I have always feel that I'm not good enough and that people don't love me, when I was young I did not pay much attention to this as I always was entreating myself with alcohol and cigarettes, I never actually have someone that love me although I did have...
Rejection - I have kept losing people.Many of them have walked out on me or betrayed me. They have hurt me too much. I should have seen through their masks and lies. Now I am too damaged to be fixed. I have learned my lesson from all those traumas. Stay away from people as possible as I could because they cannot be...
SomewhereTomorrow 18-21, F 1 Response 3 Oct 14, 2014
The people who are suppose to love me never did.I tried to tell my mother an father of terrible things happening to me, but they never listened. Now I'm suffering from the actions never taken. I still have not come to terms of the abuse i sufered. Now i am plague with a series of behaviours. I wanted to seek out a therapist...
Chibichaos 31-35, F 1 Response 1 Oct 14, 2014
MeI always feel like people only have conditional love for me. That they can turn it on and off at will. Right now I am struggling with my husband. He has some inner healing needed, and in the mean time, he is taking things out on me. This just dredges up my feelings of negative...
lisagroulx 22-25, F 2 Responses 0 Mar 11, 2009
"Why don't you love me?" by Beyoncé though.
CrazyHippieChick 22-25 3 Dec 26, 2014
I am surrounded by familybut feel deeply alone. Anyone please rescue me, I have the hopelessness blues.
itstime2sleep 26-30, F 2 Responses 0 Aug 21, 2014
Well besides my family.You honestly want that best friend. That one person you can count on anything, and I hope one day we'll meet.
Tognoni2 16-17, F 1 Nov 5, 2014
People Does Not Like MeI am a mother of five, I have been married with my second husband for twelve years. I know my children love me ,but besides them ,I feel that no one else does. I feel lonely now and very sad. I do not have any friends or family members to share anything of my life with besides...
bambamkycn 36-40, F 1 Response 1 Mar 26, 2012


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To all of YOU out there, taking the time to come visit me, it never goes unnoticed or unappreciated. Pretty pink print by EeeBee here.
To my family and my dear friends - there is really no point to anything without you around. Print by Eeebee.
To R, K and little D. I love you every second of the day. Print by EeeBee.
Vday just brings out the sentimental gal in me, what can I say? Hope you all have a good one.


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Originally Posted by Zoibert
After skiing for about 15 years a friend of mine got me into snowboarding. I fell in love instantly.
It's harder to stand on the snowboard at first, but once you get the hang of it, you can pretty much go down whatever you want, skiing is easier to start with but might prove harder to get a decent level.
cool, standing shouldnt be a problem for me, i use to skate and sandboard a lot, not so much recently but balance should be fine im hoping to go to Austria possibly later this year and do some snowboarding there think ive decided i will chose snowboarding not skiing.
Need new signature ideas


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- You are excited when you learn that your ancestors came from a small city, rather than a tiny village, because there are more records to look at. 1225 pages in a land register, woohoo! Yesss!
- You curse the clerk who, though he did manage to write an index, for unknown reasons wrote it alphabetical by year...
- You always breathe a sigh of relief when you see the words: "pouze indexy: ano." (even if it's a terrible one - even if it's alphabetical by first name!)
- Three computer screens are a necessity: one for the original image, one for your transcription, and one for google translate. (and even still, you suffer from "too many tabs" syndrome)
- You use Google chrome browser's right click - "Translate to English" constantly - but never have the site automatically translate.
- And you never use the website's built in "English" function, because the content shrinks by 75%.
- You have ever snuck away from a movie (or the Olympics) to work on transcriptions
- You have ever seen your friends or family's eyes visibly glaze over in boredom as you try to explain to them what you've discovered about the potash industry, bleaching linen, "caroling" obligations, do kouta ("cornering") after birth, výměnek obligations, etc.
- While canning pears, you crack yourself up by comparing what you're doing to your ancestor's manorial obligation, "She preserves fruit for her husband and children, same as other housewives, for the required time, for free." bahaha that is still funny.
- You spent hours trying to find a toponymic place on multiple old and new maps.
- You know what toponymic means.
- You know when St. George's feast day is.
- You mix up the letters b and k.
- When you went to the Czech Republic, you had more fun in the Opava archives - Olomouc branch than in Prague (despite being sick from 10 days worth of eating dumplings and then hiking Lisa Horá).
- And you never confuse Lisa Horá with Bila Horá.
- One parish record can take you back four generations!
Thursday, October 6, 2016
Top Signs You're a Hardcore Genealogist (who is a native English speaker with a niche interest in Czech research)
Inspired by my friend's post here, who was inspired by familysearch's post here...
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If it was any other week, Queensland captain Cameron Smith says he would be fronting the NRL judiciary to clear his name and overturn his dangerous contact charge.
Smith has avoided suspension after making an early guilty plea, which clears the way for him to lead the Maroons into next week's State of Origin opener in Sydney.
The 31-year-old said he was "surprised" to have been slapped with the grade one dangerous contact charge for accidentally kicking South Sydney's Isaac Luke in the head in an attempt to escape a tackle during Melbourne's 16-12 NRL win on Saturday night.
"If this was a club game I'd be in Sydney tomorrow night," Smith said on Tuesday at Queensland's team announcement for game one.
"Obviously the club and I sought out some legal advice on the incident.
"We were told we had a fairly strong case if we were to fight the charge but at the end of the day, the risk of missing a State of Origin match was too great and decided to take an early plea so now I'm free to play.
"I'm obviously very happy I'm available to play for Queensland and we can just get on with our preparation for game one."
Smith has only ever missed one Origin game since his debut for Queensland back in 2003, but he is no stranger to missing big games through suspension.
Smith missed the 2008 grand final for the Storm after being found guilty of a chicken wing tackle in the preliminary final the week before, and could only watch as his side was flogged 40-0 by Manly.
Coach Mal Meninga said he thought the charge from the Luke incident was "a bit harsh" on Smith.
"You've seen he's held down, you can see he didn't have any view – he was just trying to get out of the tackle," he said.
"But he's been charged, accepted the early plea and he's playing.
"From a team perspective and my perspective, we're glad he's there."