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Too many Americans do not fully understand how the health insurance they receive through their employer is financed. Health insurance is, of course, a "fringe" benefit. Formal premium payments to health insurance companies are made by employers, just as employers pay for other fringe benefits, such as paid vacation, child care, education and training, or retirement plans.
Technically, however, the employer is not "giving" the employee anything: The employees pay for these benefits through a reduction in their wages or an employer's reduction of full-time staff.The number of part-time jobs is increased to accommodate workload without offering any additional fringe benefits. As professors Katherine Baicker and Amitabh Chandra of Harvard University note:
Employees ultimately pay for the health insurance they get through their employer, no matter who writes the check to the insurance company. The view that we can get employers to shoulder the cost of providing health insurance stems from the misconception that employers pay for benefits out of a reservoir of profits. Regardless of a firm's profits, valued benefits are paid for primarily out of workers' wages. Workers may not even be aware of how much their total health premium is; however, employers make hiring and salary decisions based on the total cost of employment, including both wages and benefits such as health insurance, maternity leave, disability insurance, and retirement benefits. They provide health insurance not out of a generosity of spirit, but as a way to attract workers--just like wages. When the cost of benefits rises, wages fall (or rise more slowly than they would have otherwise), leaving workers to bear the cost of their benefits in the form of lower wages.[1]
Because many working Americans do not grasp this economic relationship--or what Baicker and Chandra call the "uncomfortable arithmetic" of the necessary trade-off between benefits and wages-- they are particularly vulnerable to political appeals based on attractive rhetoric. Proposals for employer mandates for health insurance or "shared responsibility" are ultimately just taxes on employees.
The Big Difference. There is one sense in which the employer provision of health insurance as a fringe benefit differs radically from all other fringe benefits offered at the place of work. Unlike typical benefits offered through employers, such as retirement plans, child care, and tuition reimbursement, health care benefits do not have a limit on tax-free contributions by the employer or the employee. For the employee, the value of these health benefits is excluded from the calculation of the employee's income and payroll tax liability, and there is no limit to this special employee tax break called the employee tax exclusion. As professors Baicker and Chandra further note:
This tax preference drives both the predominance of employment based policies and the prevalence of policies with low cost sharing, because care paid for in the form of higher employer premiums comes at a lower after-tax price than care paid for out-of-pocket. Of course, this tie between employment and insurance comes at a cost: workers who leave or lose a job risk losing their insurance or facing much higher premiums, sometimes forcing them to stay in a job to retain health insurance.[2]
Thus, the current congressional tax policy has a two-fold effect: First, because the tax break for employment-based health insurance itself is unlimited, it is a powerful factor driving up health care costs; and, second, precisely because the unlimited tax break is narrowly confined to the place of work, it undercuts portability of coverage and thus directly contributes to non-insurance among millions of Americans. Not surprisingly, health care expenditures have skyrocketed at alarming and disproportionately heightened rates compared to other benefits, while large numbers of Americans who lose coverage remain uninsured.
A More Rational Policy. Congress and the Administration should pursue a more rational policy. The right policy would be to replace the existing health care tax policy with a universal health care tax credit. If Congress and the Administration insist, however, on retaining an exclusively favorable tax break for employment-based health insurance, at the very least they should place a cap on tax-free health benefits.
As Senator Max Baucus (D-MT), chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, has observed, "more targeted" reforms of the existing tax exclusion for health benefits would make the system "more equitable" and would "reduce spending in the health care system."[3] As a reform option, Chairman Baucus suggests a cap on the amount of health insurance premiums that can be excluded from workers' wages for calculating both income and payroll taxes.[4]
A cap, then, would bring these benefits in line with other benefits and promote greater transparency, resulting in greater value and slower yearly growth. Moreover, it would be a key step in achieving a more equitable tax treatment of health insurance for all Americans.
How Employer-Based Health Insurance Works
Today, the money spent on health plans obtained through the employer is excluded entirely from taxable income. The cumulative effect of this exclusion is more than $150 billion per year in federal income tax losses, a number that rises substantially each year. If payroll tax reductions from income are also included, this figure exceeds $200 billion.[5]
Part of the reason for these large numbers is that, unlike many other fringe benefits, there is no limit on how much money that is spent on employer-based health care can qualify for the tax exemption. Not surprisingly, the tax policy for the employer-sponsored health system gives even more tax benefits to higher-income employees. Routine studies by independent economists, including the Lewin Group, a prominent econometrics firm based in Virginia, consistently show that lower-income families receive much less assistance from the tax code than do higher-income families.[6] In other words, it is a highly regressive tax policy.
While many employees take advantage of these tax breaks, simply having a full-time job does not necessarily entitle an employee to health care through his employer. Once again, only employees whose employers purchase health plans receive the tax benefit. All other employees are left with taxed, individually purchased insurance or no coverage at all. As the costs of health plans continue to grow, the discrepancy in health care costs between the "haves" and "have nots" similarly widens. A cap on health care tax exclusions helps to curb this growing inequality.
The Kaiser Family Foundation estimates that for single coverage, the average annual total premium is $4,479. This increases to $12,106 for family coverage. Kaiser also found that between spring 2006 and spring 2007, employer-sponsored health care premiums increased an average of 6.1 percent, which is greater than the percentage increases of worker's earnings and inflation over the same time period.[7] In fact, employer-based health benefits are projected to reach a new high of $168.5 billion in 2009.[8] The inequalities in tax benefits based on income and annual premium-rate increases both seem to contribute to a reduction in enrollment rates, a trend verified by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.[9]
The Big Difference to Other Benefits
Among fringe benefits, employer-based health insurance is unique in its federal tax treatment. Child care, education, and retirement all operate under very different tax rules.
Retirement Plans. One of the most popular types of fringe benefits offered through employers is retirement plans. Under the Revenue Act of 1978, Internal Revenue Code Section 401(k) states that an employee can elect to withhold immediate compensation as a tax-deferred contribution to a 401(k) pension plan. This means that the employee does not pay federal income taxes on the funds contributed to the plan during the financial year of contribution. Taxes are made on both the contributions and earnings upon withdrawal of the funds, and are based on the income-level of the individual at the time of withdrawal.
The current allowable maximum tax-free contribution limit is $15,500 a year. Employers can compete with one another by offering varying levels of contributions to their employees' 401(k) plans as well. For example, some employers may offer to matchthe amount contributed to the fund by the employee. Any combination of employee and employer contributions cannot exceed the lesser of 100 percent of the employee's compensation or $46,000, and cannot be withdrawn without penalty before 59.5 years of age.[10] Structurally, 403(b) and 457 plans are very similar to 401(k) plans, but with slightly different limitations on employee contributions and withdrawals. The estimated total federal income tax expenditure due to 401(k) plans (and similarly structured plans) is $49 billion for 2008.4 This number is expected to increase to $51 billion in 2009.[11]
Keogh plans demonstrate another retirement plan offered to unincorporated businesses or self-employed individuals. This is an interesting subset of employees, as they are often not participants in employer-based health care. The annual contribution limit for Keogh plans is $46,000, or 25 percent of annual income, whichever is less.[12] An advantage to Keogh plans is that they can offer similar tax benefits to employed individuals independent of their employers. Keogh plans are expected to account for $13 billion in federal income tax expenditures in 2009, representing a $1 billion growth (less than 8 percent) compared to the over $16 billiongrowth of health benefits (nearly 10 percent).[13]
Education Benefits. Limits are also placed on education assistance. Education assistance contributions from an employer to an employee are exempt up to $5,250 a year.6 Of course, the program of study must have a sensible relationship to the job position. Additionally, any education benefit must not favor highly compensated employees. There are several additional factors further limiting which employees are eligible and which courses qualify for the tax benefit.
Other Benefits. Child care and other de minimis (minimal) benefits also have limitations. Dependent care may be excluded up to $5,000 from gross income. Employer offerings such as meals and employee discounts (up to 20 percent) are tax exempt to a certain maximum limit. Even de minimis benefits, which are defined by the IRSas "any property or service…to an employee that has so little value that accounting for it would be unreasonable or administratively impracticable,"[14] are classified so as not to allow unreasonable, uncapped benefits. Most nearly anything offered by the employer to the employee that is less than this value qualifies for exemption. Regardless of the size of the employer-sponsored fringe benefit, from the multi-billion dollar retirement plans to the complimentary water cooler, there are specific caps and limits to promoting manageable annual cost increases of these offerings.
Why Congress Should Cap Tax Breaks for Health Benefits
If Congress wanted to establish an efficient, fair, and equitable tax policy for health insurance, it would replace the existing tax exclusion for health insurance benefits with a universal health care tax credit. The change would not affect the employers' deduction for health insurance, which would remain as it is today. The credit could be used for all types of health insurance, including employment and non-employment coverage. This has been the central recommendation, with variations in design, offered by a wide variety of prominent health care economists, liberal and conservative alike.[15]
Short of replacing the current tax exclusion entirely with a universal credit, Congress could at least cap the tax breaks for employer-based health insurance. Capping the tax preference on health care benefits would not only bring health care in line with other benefits, but would also have a positive impact on the health care system. Specifically, as noted by Senate Finance Committee Chairman Max Baucus, such a targeted reform would slow the rise of health care costs. The trends of capped employer-sponsored benefits are consistent with a slow, contained growth of federal income tax expenditures over time. Moreover, capping employer-sponsored health plans would increase transparency and promote value, as opposed to the currently unpredictable and heavily escalating costs that emphasize a health plan's size over substance.
Two-Step Process. Policymakers can take a variety of steps to bring health care benefits in line with other benefits offered to the employee by the employer, such as these two options:
- Establish a reasonable limit on tax subsidies for employer-sponsored health benefits. Health benefits obtained through the employer in the current tax system are increasing at a disproportionate and alarming rate. Nearly all other fringe benefits, regardless of size, have well-supported outlines for establishing capped employer-based health care benefits.
- Re-allocate the federal income tax revenue as tax credits toward purchasing individual health coverage. The role of the employer could then shift more toward that of a coverage facilitator for employees, providing administrative support and resources as opposed to sponsoring the health coverage entirely.[16]
There have been several legislative proposals that could accomplish this objective. One of the most prominent is the Tax Equity and Affordability Act (TEA Act, S. 3754), sponsored by Senator Mel Martinez (R-FL). The bill would establish a new system of income-based health care tax credits for individuals and families without employer-based health insurance, as well as cap the existing open-ended employment-based tax exclusion for health benefits.[17] The TEA Act would set initially generous caps ($11,500 for family coverage, $5,000 for individual coverage), which establish maximum amounts of contributions that can qualify for tax preferences. Capping employer-sponsored tax benefits for health coverage and offering similar benefits to individuals independent of their jobs is a significant progressive step toward a more competitive market for health insurance.
Fringe benefits are at times called "perks" offered through an employer to employees in addition to their salaries. Many fringe benefits offer a complementary relationship with the federal tax code by granting tax-preferred treatment of these transactions. Most workplace fringe benefits incorporate a monetary limit on the amount of money that can qualify for the tax benefits, resulting in relatively predictable increases in federal income tax expenditures. The major exception to this limitation is in health care benefits.
Though the number of participants in defined-contribution pension plans and other fringe benefit programs is smaller than the number of participants in employer-sponsored health coverage, the tax expenditure estimates reflect very different trends. Employer-based fringe benefits with capped tax breaks consistently cost the federal government less in lost revenue than do uncapped benefits and their annual rate of increase is invariably lower than the growing rates of health insurance costs.
A cap on the tax breaks for employer-based health benefits would help restrain escalating health care costs. It would also facilitate the development of more innovative policies and would promote health plans with an emphasis on greater value for consumers, not only on the size of the benefit package. The cap would be a crucial component of future health reform, and it would lead to a more fiscally responsible system of tax-subsidized health benefits.
Jason Roffenbender is a Health Policy Fellow in the Center for Health Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation.
[1]Katherine Baicker and Amitabh Chandra, "Myths and Misconceptions About U.S. Health Insurance," Health Affairs, Web Exclusive, October 21, 2008, p. w539.
[3]Senator Max Baucus (D-MT), Chairman, Senate
Finance Committee, "Call To Action: Health Reform 2009," November
12, 2008, p. 82, at
v/healthreform2009/finalwhitepaper.pdf (November 24, 2008).
[5]Jason Furman, "Health Reform Through Tax Reform: A Primer," Health Affairs, Vol. 27, No. 3 (May/June 2008).
[6]For example, a 1999 Lewin Group study revealed
that families earning less than $15,000 a year receive an average
annual tax subsidy of just $79, whereas families with an annual
income exceeding $100,000 receive an average of $2,638 a year in
tax subsidies. The Lewin Group, Inc., "Health Insurance and Taxes:
The Impact of Proposed Changes in Current Federal Policy," October
18, 1999, at
staxes_10_18_99.html#_Toc463787379 (November 11, 2008).
[7]Kaiser Family Foundation, "Employer Health
Benefits: 2007 Summary of Findings," at
oad/Summary-of-Findings-EHBS-2007.pdf (November 11, 2008).
[8]U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Analytical Perspectives, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2009 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2008), pp. 290-291, at /static/reportimages/541DC3FF39F0E09B69E4FF15C91EAC16.pdf (December 2, 2008).
[9]U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, "Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance: Trends in Cost and Access," Research in Action Issue 17, 2004.
[10]U.S. Internal Revenue Service, "Employer's Tax Guide to Fringe Benefits," Publication 15-B, 2008, at http://www.irs.gov/publications/p15b/index.html (November 11, 2008).
[11]U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Analytical Perspectives, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2009.
[12]U.S. Internal Revenue Service, "Employer's Tax Guide to Fringe Benefits."
[13]U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Analytical Perspectives, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2009.
[14]U.S. Internal Revenue Service, "Employer's Tax Guide to Fringe Benefits."
[15]Analysts from the American Enterprise Institute, the Galen Institute, The Heritage Foundation, the Progressive Policy Institute, and the Urban Institute have all proposed variations on this general policy. For a compendium of their views on this issue, see Grace-Marie Arnett, ed., Empowering Health Care Consumers Through Tax Reform (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999).
[16]See Stuart M. Butler, "Evolving Beyond Traditional Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance," The Hamilton Project, May 2007, at /static/reportimages/1B547B5F5EB0663CD507858D22ED9F4E.pdf (November 11, 2008).
[17]For a description of the legislation, see Nina Owcharenko, "The Tax Equity and Affordability Act: A Solution for the Uninsured," Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 1963, August 30, 2006, at http://www.heritage.org/Research/HealthCare/bg1963.cfm.


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OLYMPIA — Democrat Jay Inslee and Republican Rob McKenna are not the only candidates in Washington state's governor's race. Seven others are vying to succeed Democratic Gov. Chris Gregoire, and while they're not reflected in most media coverage, a few of these unknown-to-most candidates are running campaigns, even though they're likely to be electoral footnotes after the top-two primary Aug. 7.
All are registered voters and paid nearly $1,700 to run for governor. Here's a look at those other candidates:
• Shahram Hadian is a pastor from Everett originally from Iran who often speaks of his conversion to Christianity from Islam. The Republican pledges to stand up to public-sector unions, opposes legalizing gay marriage and says he'll fight the implementation of the federal health care law. He has no elected experience; he ran for the Legislature in 2010 but lost in the primary. Hadian said that his experience with the campaign of residents opposed to pasty and thong-wearing coffee baristas in Snohomish county in 2009 "was an affirmation of the ability of the impact I was able to have." The Snohomish County Council ultimately passed an ordinance that effectively banned the practice, requiring that bikini barista stands with partially nude employees or sexually suggestive signs be licensed as adult entertainment. He referred to his decision to run for governor as a calling. Hadrian says that he is the "true conservative candidate" in the race, as opposed to McKenna, who supports abortion and recently said that he wouldn't fight implementation of the federal health care law. Hadrian has raised more than $81,000. Hadian2012.com
• Shoreline resident Rob Hill is the owner and operator of commercial real estate in Washington and Alaska. The Democrat, who has no elected experience, pledges to raise taxes on pack of cigarettes by $10 by 2016. His dad died of a smoking-related cancer in 1995, and "I want cigarettes to be taxed at a level that makes it too expensive for young children to start smoking." He has not raised any money for his run and does not have a campaign website.
• L. Dale Sorgen is a computer programmer from Sultan. The independent pledges to "encourage people to think independently about ideas in a new and creative way that emphasizes personal liberties and excellence in government services that we are forced to pay for." He has no elected experience. Sorgen said that he decided to run because he believes that the two main political parties are no longer fighting for taxpayers. He has raised $2,469 for his run. imagineliberty.us
• Christian Joubert was formerly director of a holistic health retreat center. He splits his time living in both Bellingham and Edmonds. This candidate with no party preference says he wants a "pro-active holistic health care system," and to help the state's economy, he wants to focus on industries including hemp, organic agriculture, eco-housing and tree planting. He also calls for a reduction of the work week to 35 hours and retirement at age 60. Joubert, who has no elected experience (he unsuccessfully ran for governor in 2008), says that he, Inslee and McKenna disagree on fiscal and budget issues. He says he supports a "holistic governorship" that would see more taxes on "those business which disproportionately enrich the one percent while impoverishing the people, destroying our health and poisoning our resources." Joubert has not raised any money for his run. holisticgovernor.org
• Max Sampson, an airplane parts painter for Boeing, lives in Black Diamond. The Republican said he wants to address excessive force by police, and have mental and physical evaluations done on all police and check their backgrounds on any past complaints about excessive use of force. Sampson has no elected experience. Sampson's 19-year-old son, Eric, was shot and killed last year by King County officers after they say he wouldn't drop a machete, something that the elder Sampson disputes. He has raised no money for his campaign and has no campaign website.
• James White, airplane inspector for Boeing and volunteer child advocate, lives in Marysville. The independent is running on a platform of family court reform, job creation and education. White was elected treasurer for his Moose Lodge and had an unsuccessfully run for governor in 2008. He says he is motivated to run by his work in child advocacy and his personal experience with an ongoing custody battle over his 17-year-old son. White has raised no money for his campaign. whiteforgovernor2012.com
• Javier O. Lopez is retired and lives in Bucoda. The Republican's website points to the need to address transportation costs, the education system and equity in taxation, but when asked for specifics, he railed against the media and said, "I have nothing to tell you, because you are an usurper." Lopez is a former member of Los Angeles' Community Action Committee, and unsuccessfully ran for governor in 2008 and Bucoda Town Council in 2007. Lopez said Christianity motivates him to stay in the race, and declined to say what sets him apart from mainstream candidates. He has raised no money for his run. His website, www.lopez2012.org, was not running Sunday evening.

subset: commoncrawl


text: The Comfort Grip Pull-Up Set gives you complete control setting up your pull-up move. You may set the grips wide, narrow, or anywhere in between. You may secure your Tsunami Bar in an appropriate location then set up your CG Pull-Up Set on the Tsunami Bar to introduce flex in your pull-up routine. The CG Pull-Up Set also works great when hung at a lower position to Horizontal Rows with your feet/heels on the floor or elevated up on a bench. Take Pull-ups to a whole new level. Includes Two each 4" Multi-Grip Handles, EZ Utility Straps and 2 Large Snap Hooks)


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Hi all, i am having issues displaying ext msg features on my android phone with version 4.1.2 (API 16), it does not appear when the time is up on phone, however, it works perfectly with google chrome emulation. Can any 1 help me out in solving ext msg features not occuring in android phone? Thanks in advance!
The ext msg is suppose to work like this when the time is up, it will display a ext msg and play a sound tune on google chrome as shown in the picture below.
However, while testing on android phone. i do not get the ext msg popping out when time is up as shown on the picture below.


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How to Travel in Delhi Metro in a Sane Way?
The title, How To Travel in Delhi Metro in a Sane Way might seem funny or even idiotic. However, if you follow through, you will understand the reason why I wrote it. I travel in Delhi Metro daily. I use it to commute to my office and back home. There are two major reasons for that. First of all, it saves my time and I don't have to bear the blazing heat. Secondly, and more importantly, it gives me enough time to read. While commuting, I have come across several awesome people regularly who make you cringe in shock and sometimes hate. The interesting fact is that most of these people are educated and indulged in a routine job.
How to Travel in Delhi Metro without being insane? Don't be proud of the following:
1) Bursting through the doors
When I first noticed the directional arrows, I was amused. I mean, we're all educated enough to know that you have to wait until all the passengers de-board before you board the train. Surprisingly, I was wrong.
So, there are two arrows that point towards the entry and one arrow that points towards the exit. They have been painted bright to tell people where they have to make the queue for boarding the train. However, nobody gives a shit. People stand right in the middle, obstructing the way for people who want to de-board and even push them back inside so they can possibly find a vacant seat.
It happens every day and serves as a prime reason why I felt like telling people how to travel in Delhi Metro. I have myself faced it while moving out at my destination. It's ridiculous and might even leave you with a bruise. People lose their shoes, sandals, purses, bags, spectacles etc. in the mad rush, but it doesn't stop anyone.
The behavior is animalistic and yet people are proud of it; evident in the way they laugh after doing it or flaunt that idiotic smile.
2) Occupying the lift
This one is glorifying. The lift has been installed in the metro stations to facilitate the specially abled people, senior citizens and for people who are not in a condition to walk down the stairs or use the escalators.
But who cares? The young bloods don't know how to travel in Delhi Metro and they run as if participating in a 100-meter race in the Olympics just to catch the lift. Well, it's really not a problem unless they push every single person coming in their way.
I was stunned when I saw that a guy forced his way inside the lift, leaving an aged person behind. Of course, he had to wait till the lift came up again.
The behavior is shameful and yet people are proud of it; evident in the way they ignore the disappointed eyes of their elderly.
3) Taking possession of the seats
I usually give my seat to the elders, people with insane amount of luggage and women whether I'm occupying a reserved seat or not. I believe it's humanity and moreover, I'm capable enough to travel the entire 90 minutes of journey while standing.
That's what everyone should do. This time, I do not want to target just the men. I have seen women claiming their seats, even when an old aged person is standing right in front of them. I have seen a young girl fighting with a woman whose only crime was to ask for a seat because she had an infant with her. Even some men do not stand up for the people who might be needing the seat more than them. But the difference is that people usually ask such men to leave their seat by hook or crook. It's hard to say anything if the person of interest is a woman.
The behavior is hypocrite and such people have no idea on how to travel in Delhi Metro without being a blockhead. The sad irony is that the same people never stop talking about such things in social media and yet they are proud to do it themselves; evident is the way they pretend to be asleep or plug in their earphones so they don't have to hear anything.
4) Staring
Oh, how can we stop being succumbed to our carnal desires? This one won't need much explanation. If you're a girl and you travel via Delhi Metro, you must have experienced it a million times.
Let me narrate a small memory. While I was changing my lane at Central Secretariat, I saw a girl, talking on the phone. She was tall; and I mean really tall and well dressed. I believe it's all right to notice her in the crowd, because she stood different from the rest. However, it becomes all wrong if the noticing becomes staring. There was a guy who could not take his eyes off her till he fell down the stairs over another guy who was staring as well. I could not help but laugh; I thought they deserved it.
Even without deliberately focusing on the same, I can see the shameless eyes every day. I was very much inspired by the short movie where a guy stands between the shameful sight of a guy and a girl in order to stop him from staring. I do what I can but it's simply not enough. I'm not generalizing anybody here, but only targeting guys who actually stare and even pass lewd comments. These guys definitely need a lesson on how to travel in Delhi Metro in a sane way.
The behavior is ridiculous, especially because the same people are talking about women empowerment and yet they are proud of it; evident in the way they never cease to stop.
5) Sitting on the metro floor
Believe it or not, most of these people are the students of Delhi University. With huge phones in their hands, loud and expensive headphones on their heads and those trendy bags, it's difficult not to acknowledge the fact.
"Do not sit on the floor." Everybody must have heard it. But what's a better display of swag than doing what has been restricted. Care to ask them to stand? Oh, it's like taking the bullet to your head because they will do anything but listen to you and you might even become the target of their silly jokes and taunts or even minor abuses. The sad thing is that no one will speak with you against them.
Again, you can find a whole assortment of such people from various professions, educated and uneducated, men and women. By this time, you might have realized why I had to write a whole article on how to travel in Delhi Metro irrespective of it being a common sense.
The behavior is rude and obsolete and yet they feel proud of it; evident in the way they find it worth boasting and worth fighting.
6) Public displays of affection
It is perfectly fine to hug your dear ones or even the 'kiss of love', which was debated so much a few months back. However, it's not right when the love turns to lust. It's a public transport and I believe there should be some limit to the public displays of affection. You would not want to walk with your kid in a metro station where a couple is engrossed in their burning passions.
There are several metro stations where you can find couples making out and in other obscene positions. This is the reason why the government has put up CCTV cameras everywhere. However, the blind spots can always be found and that's where you will find them.
Oh, not to forget, some people do not stop even inside the metro.
The behavior is inappropriate and yet they feel proud of it; evident in the way they do not care that this amount of explicitness is morally incorrect.
I know that I'm going to be judged by so many people after reading this. The truth is that it is my opinion and I'm all ears to hear yours. The freedom of speech allows you to judge and comment and it allows me to share my views. All I do is hope that it will be a healthy discussion, even if you disagree with what I have written.
I really wish I could have taken some snaps to accompany each point above. However, that would have made me irresponsible as well; taking a picture in Delhi Metro is not allowed. Do let me know if you also need to shed some light on how to travel in Delhi Metro in a sane way.


text:
Opening Address.- The Impact of Electronic Trading Technology.- Dialog with Erik Sirri.- Regulatory Initiatives: Implications for Competition and Efficiency.- What the Buy-Side Needs.- Market Quality, The Big Picture.- Dialog with John Thain.- Divergent Expectations.
This book is an augmented account of Technology and Regulation: How Are They Driving Our Markets?, a conference hosted by the Zicklin School of Business at Baruch College on May 1, 2007. The text includes the edited transcript of the full conference: four panels and the major presentations of three distinguished industry leaders - Ian Domowitz, Managing Director, ITG, Inc.; Erik Sirri, Director of the Division of Market Regulation, US Securities and Exchange Commission; and John Thain, who was CEO of NYSE Euronext at the time of the conference. The book also includes a related paper by Paul Davis, Mike Pagano, and myself: "Divergent Expectations," Journal of Portfolio Management, Fall 2007. My co-editors and I have worked diligently to make this book, like all the other popular books in the series, more than an historical record. John Byrne, Antoinette Colaninno and I have edited the manuscript heavily for clarity and unity of ideas.
Considers the impact of both technology and regulation on equity markets and trading
International coverage
Includes contributions from leading academics, practitioners, and regulators in a lively format


text: The Isabella Clutch is a future classic in the making. Carry this luxury piece to upgrade any look in a second. You can either hold the chains as a handle or slip your hand through the chains to give it the 'bracelet' look ( That is how Sherry envisioned wearing the bag when she designed it). It is a universal favorite and is big enough to hold all your essentials. The Isabella is understated elegance with an edge.


text:
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An Homage to Boris
As promised, here's a glimpse at the first of the desktop wallpapers to be bundled with the release of Clara Ravens Ep. 4: Colombina's Illusion – Part II. I am only releasing a small version just like I did for part I, so you'll have to wait for the comic's release for the larger ones. I made sure to render to a resolution that allowed me to make a 4K version for those of you who like to couple giant tits with giant monitors.
The render is an homage to one of my favorite artists of all time: Boris Vallejo. Strap in for a moment, because I'm about to share a (hopefully) interesting story regarding Boris and his artist wife Julie Bell:
When I was growing up as a young teen, I played a lot of AD&D (Advanced Dungeons and Dragons to you non-nerds out there). I was also really into drawing and my uncle, a very accomplished artist, was helping me improve by giving me books on dynamic
Hey everyone, I'm here to drop one last post before the insanity of San Diego Comic Con 2017 begins this week, and what a post it is! Today I give you what can only be described as a 'commission smorgasbord'. These images were all commissioned by everyone's favorite site admin Xipomus (He's not your favorite?! Well why the hell not?!!) and feature a few of the Epoch Art heroines doing stuff… and thangs.
In other news, today and a bit of tomorrow I will working to get the second animation for CR4 set up so it can render over the week I'm away from work while SDCC corrupts my soul. So when I get back to work next week and compile the new animation for the DCV, we'll be that much closer to release! I appreciate everyone's patience as we continue to work on getting Clara Ravens Ep. 4 completed, little by little. It WILL be finished this year, guaranteed. That's all I'm offering in terms of a release date at the moment but I promise that, as soon as the end is in sight, I'll give a better estimate.
Dossier 014: The Deserted – Expansion Now Available!
Without further ado, the expansion to Dossier 014: The Deserted is now available for download! This expansion is free to all who purchased the original dossier! If you want the expansion, simply go to your My Account page and redownload the product!
This expansion adds eleven new images spread out between the images of the previous set, further developing the visual narrative and giving you all what you wanted most: more sex!
One Lonely Pilot
What's a girl to do when her beau heads off on a top-secret mission? Why, relentlessly masturbate of course! Here we have a 'quick' commission project for site-regular Chris3DX featuring the U.P.A. pilot Ember Riley from the comic fiction of Dark Rift getting her rocks off alone in her bunk. Hey, desperate times and all…


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Auto Care East Inc
Review for Auto Care East Inc
John T. on 10/14/2015
John said the facility did everything they had been asked to provide. They were on time and courteous, and the finished product was excellent.
Vehicle: BMW 528xi
Category: Service
Service Date: 10/12/2015
Review Created: 10/14/2015
This review was collected via phone interview by Customer Research Inc.


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88 Kearny Street
10th Floor
San Francisco, CA 94108
Phone: 415.788.1900
Fax: 415.393.8087
Timothy Halloran is a trial attorney. For thirty years he has tried cases throughout California to verdict on a wide range of subjects. Some examples include Professional Liability: real estate brokers, lawyers, doctors, dentists, insurance agents; Trademark/Copyright: celebrity use of photos, name and image; Business litigation: investor fraud, real estate fraud, partnership dispute; Personal Injury: elder abuse, auto and/or bus accidents. Mr. Halloran brings his passionate belief in our jury system to his clients. His clients receive the attention and commitment they deserve. They also receive guidance to make informed choices about settlement and resolution of matters when needed.
Mr. Halloran is honored to have been recognized for his service to clients and his courtroom work. He is recognized by the California State Bar as a Certified Specialist in legal malpractice law. He is a fellow of the American College of Trial Lawyers. He is also a member of the American Board of Trial Advocates (ABOTA), he is a Board Certified member of the National Board of Trial Advocacy and he is AV rated by Martindale Hubbell.
Mr. Halloran is an active member in his home city, San Francisco, and coaches high school basketball, is a volunteer with the San Francisco AIDS Legal Referral Panel (ALRP), for which he received a lifetime achievement award. In addition, Mr. Halloran has served as a settlement attorney for the SF Bar Association and acts as a mediator in professional liability matters.


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Torrey Pines and the notorious Black Beach
La Jolla Travel Blog› entry 4 of 6 › view all entries
September 6th, 2009 – by: shadowflower
We went back to Convoy street, Anne was craving for Vietnamese food. After a few more detours and "I'm starving" whines, we pulled into a Vietnamese restaurant on Linda Vista Road around 1:30pm. The food was pretty good, we continued the gastronomic immersion for Nancy W.
It was a beautiful sunny day, warmer and breezy. We got to Torrey Pines and hiked down the sandy trail to Black Beach. Hang-gliders and para-gliders were flying off the cliff. I wish one day I could paraglide solo. The short hike led us to a "cloths optional" beach with pretty dark sand. Hmm, it looked like a lot of men took that option vs. only a handful of women. As we were walking along the beach, I wondered why these naked men didn't go swim in the water nor lie down on the sand. They just stood there, turned around and around, and offered to take photos for us when we passed by. Maybe they were thinking hard about how to connect with Mother Nature? But where were all the sexy bodies I saw on photos about California beaches, these exhibitionists were a far cry, eeeww...
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Traveling Luck for Steinholmen, Hordaland, Norway
Where is Steinholmen?What's around Steinholmen?
Wikipedia near Steinholmen
Where to stay near Steinholmen
The timezone in Steinholmen is Europe/Oslo
Sunrise at 08:50 and Sunset at 15:58. It's light
Latitude. 60.6339°, Longitude. 5.0242°
Weather near Steinholmen; Report from Bergen / Flesland, 41.9km away
Weather :
Temperature: 4°C / 39°F
Wind: 5.8km/h North/Northwest
Cloud: Few at 1500ft Scattered at 11000ft
Weather :
Temperature: 4°C / 39°F
Wind: 5.8km/h North/Northwest
Cloud: Few at 1500ft Scattered at 11000ft
Satellite map around Steinholmen
Loading map of Steinholmen and it's surroudings
Geographic features & Photographs around Steinholmen, in Hordaland, Norway
- rock;
- a conspicuous, isolated rocky mass.
- Steinholmen (0km)
- Fugleskjeret (0.4km)
- Vidholmen (0.5km)
- Nesflui (0.7km)
- Grønholmen (1.1km)
- Gulaskjeret (1.9km)
- Flatskjeret (2.5km)
- Furholmen (2.5km)
- Skarvskjeret (2.6km)
- Trædsholmen (3km)
- Nonskjeret (3.3km)
- Meholmen (3.5km)
- cove(s);
- a small coastal indentation, smaller than a bay.
- Vikingvågen (1.4km)
- Gjerdvågen (2.9km)
- Litlaviki (3km)
- Skjeneviki (3km)
- Nordre Bogevågen (3.3km)
- Kårbøvågen (3.3km)
- Botn (3.4km)
- Skuthamni (3.4km)
- Vestervågen (3.5km)
- Søre Bogevågen (3.6km)
- Innhelleviki (3.6km)
- island;
- a tract of land, smaller than a continent, surrounded by water at high water.
- Mangersøyni (0.9km)
- Trettholmen (1.4km)
- Åbergsholmen (1.9km)
- Sjurholmen (2.8km)
- Floni (3.2km)
- point;
- a tapering piece of land projecting into a body of water, less prominent than a cape.
- Mangersneset (0.4km)
- Austre Tåni (1.7km)
- Vestre Tåni (2km)
- Naustneset (2.2km)
- Øytangen (3.4km)
Accommodation around Steinholmen
- rocks;
- conspicuous, isolated rocky masses.
- Slotsholmane (1.8km)
- Skrubbholmane (1.9km)
- Skipskjeri (3.2km)
- cape;
- a land area, more prominent than a point, projecting into the sea and marking a notable change in coastal direction.
- Gjerdneset (2.6km)
- Skarpeneset (2.8km)
- Årneset (3.4km)
- lake;
- a large inland body of standing water.
- Nesvatnet (2.4km)
- Storavatnet (2.5km)
- Hallandsvatnet (3.4km)
- populated locality;
- an area similar to a locality but with a small group of dwellings or other buildings.
- Nøttveit (2.4km)
- Byrkjeland (2.7km)
- reef(s);
- a surface-navigation hazard composed of consolidated material.
- Toskeflui (1.6km)
- administrative division;
- an administrative division of a country, undifferentiated as to administrative level.
- Manger Herad (1.5km)
- hill;
- a rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m.
- Nøttveitveten (3.2km)
- peninsula;
- an elongate area of land projecting into a body of water and nearly surrounded by water.
- Skageneset (2.4km)
- fjord;
- a long, narrow, steep-walled, deep-water arm of the sea at high latitudes, usually along mountainous coasts.
- Mangersfjorden (1.9km)
- church;
- a building for public Christian worship.
- Manger (1.4km)
- pond;
- a small standing waterbody.
- Svartetjørni (2.4km)
Wikipedia entries close to
- Radøy city city l
- Rossland, Norway city city o
- Herdla isle isle
- Meland city city k
- Øygarden city city l
- Alversund Bridge landmark bridge
- Hjartås city city o
- Skjelviki city city o
- Austrheim city city l
- Hanevik city city o
- Lindås city city i
- Nordhordland Bridge landmark bridge
- Frekhaug city city o
- Askevatnet lake
- Vikavågen city city o
- Askøy city city i
Airports close to Steinholmen
Bergen flesland(BGO), Bergen, Norway (41.9km)
Soerstokken(SRP), Stord, Norway (101.6km)
Floro(FRO), Floro, Norway (112.2km)
Sogndal haukasen(SOG), Sogndal, Norway (136.4km)
Haugesund karmoy(HAU), Haugesund, Norway (153.4km)
Airfields or small airports close to Steinholmen
Boemoen, Bomoen, Norway (85.9km)
Bringeland, Forde, Norway (99.2km)
Photos provided by Panoramio are under the copyright of their owners.


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MOVIE SYNOPSIS [ General Audiences ] With producers of USA, this movie of 2010 has been brilliantly directed by Steven Canfield Crowley. You can watch Moment of Truth: The Andy Meyers Story online on TV cable or theaters with original audio in English at different dates. This film premiered in theaters in 2010.
Rating: 5 by 24 users./
Runtime: 91 minutes
D.M. Atlas, Steven Canfield Crowley, Zach Gaus, Jed Gyurina, Rick Haymes, Matthew L. Imparato and Lauren A. O'Neill.
Documental, Drama, Biographic.
91-minute film (full movie) directed by Steven Canfield Crowley.
The original audio of Moment of Truth: The Andy Meyers Story has dialogues in Dolby Digital, it was produced in USA.
It premiered in cinemas or television in 2010.
Screenplay written by Steven Canfield Crowley.
Ken Farrington.
Steven Canfield Crowley, Rick Haymes and Seven Canfield Crowley.
This film was produced and / or financed by Fallen Dog Films.
Composed by Justin R. Durban and D.M. Atlas.
Without commercial breaks, the full movie Moment of Truth: The Andy Meyers Story has a duration of 91 minutes; the official trailer can be watched in streaming on the Internet. You can watch this full movie free in EnglishDolby Digital in movie TV channels, renting the DVD or with VoD services (Video On Demand player, Hulu) and PPV (Pay Per View, Netflix).
See the page of this full movie, Moment of Truth: The Andy Meyers Story in FULLTV Movies.


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The Sims: Unleashed
Title Data
- Genre:
- Simulation > Virtual > Virtual Life
- Developer:
- Maxis
- ESRB Descriptor(s):
- Comic Mischief, Mature Sexual Themes, Mild Violence
- Wikipedia (EN):
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sims_(video_game)#The_Sims:_Unleashed
Release Data
Data and credits for this game contributed by Ubersuntzu and gamer_boy997.
Know Something We Don't?
You can submit or update game data or submit game credits to help us keep our data up-to-date.


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No License to Drive in South Dakota
Expand Messages
- No License to Drive in South Dakota
(Ron's Response Below Article)02/28/2008
Follow-Up: No License To Drive
It could shock you to know how many people are on the road and don't have a drivers license, either because it was taken away or they simply never got one. On Wednesday night's Eye on KELOLAND we showed you people driving away from the Minnehaha County Courthouse after pleading guilty for not having a license.
So what are the penalties and why aren't they being enforced?
As people walked out to their cars just minutes after being in court for not having a drivers license, KELOLAND's Lou Raguse asked why they were breaking the law, again.
We caught them easy enough, so why isn't law enforcement doing the same?
Minnehaha County State's Attorney Dave Nelson says, "I don't think there's any question but that we can be and probably should be much more aggressive, particularly with repeat offenders."
Nelson says the number of people who drive with a revoked or suspended license is astounding.
He says, "We have people driving on the streets of Sioux Falls, on the streets on South Dakota that aren't eligible to get a drivers license for the next five years or longer because of their history of driving while suspended, or driving while revoked, or driving without proof of insurance."
Nelson says this class two misdemeanor can send a person to jail for 30 days...or even up to a year. But he says that rarely happens.
"Driving without a license is a very foolish reason to go to jail. Some people do when they repeat enough, but typically that's not what the penalty is," Nelson says.
Nelson says he's tried to fix the serious problem before.
He says, "We experimented with that several years ago where I had members of the Police Department come over to courtroom 1A and follow these people out into the parking lot and cite them and we were successful in doing that. But again that's a very very labor intensive and expensive and time consuming proposition."
He says it essentially comes down to money, and it would be too expensive to put everybody who drives without a license in jail.
We contacted judges who see people daily for driving without a license and asked them what they think could be done to keep them from behind the wheel. Two we spoke with on the phone didn't want to comment on camera. And one told us it happens every day. Sheriff Mike Milstead says they just don't have enough resources to make sure those without a license don't drive away from court.
© 2008 KELOLAND TV. All Rights Reserved.Ron Branson's Response:It is interesting that South Dakota is now having problems enforcing their driving licenses laws. During the 2006 election cycle the subject of driving licenses was brought up in the legislature's alleged "Resolution" against South Dakota JAIL4Judges http://legis.state.sd.us/sessions/2006/bills/HCR1004p.htm wherein it is said:"WHEREAS, the author of Amendment E has publicly stated that with the passage of Amendment E, Judicial Accountability Initiated Law members from across the country will "purposely drive to South Dakota...just for the privilege of getting a traffic ticket so you can demand a jury trial."So now South Dakota is finding it difficult to enforce their driver's license law against unlicensed drivers. J.A.I.L. raised the question during the election as to how they were going to enforce the law against unlicensed drivers by obeying their Oath's of Office in providing a Jury trial to each and every driving offense as provided in the U.S. Constitution, Article III, Sec. 2, clause 3, "The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury." Once one determines that driving offenses has nothing to do with impeachment, it becomes incumbent upon all judges to respect the Constitution regarding jury trials, or out they go with the loss of half their retirement. No wonder they feared the passage of J.A.I.L. so much in South Dakota. If it became so in South Dakota, it would have subjected the entire judiciary to the same constitutional standard in all fifty states. J.A.I.L. is the only way we the People are going to turn around this nation once again accountable to the People.- Ron Branson
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text:
Watch Kenny Smith Push Shaq Into a Christmas Tree (Video)
Kevin Garnett Blows in David West's Ear (Video)
by: JamieD On Sunday, December 28, 2014
Why is it that the Indiana Pacers always find themselves in the middle of these ear-blowing incidents?
Last year it was Indiana's Lance Stephenson blowing in the ear of LeBron James during Game 5 of the Eastern Conference Finals. And last night, we saw the Nets' Kevin Garnett blow on the ear of the Pacers' David West.
Unfortunately, Stephenson wasn't around to witness Saturday's incident first-hand, as he is no longer a member of the Pacers. But I'm sure he'd be proud to see that a future Hall of Famer like KG has decided to take a page out of his book.
You can watch Kevin Garnett blow in West's ear in the video below:


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1. Qualcomm believes that there is a large pent-up market demand for an easily implemented "basic" IS-95 packet data service that can and should be widely deployed as soon as possible. This service would provide packet-level connectivity to the Internet with IP addresses dynamically assigned by the serving system as part of the PPP link establishment procedure.
2. Qualcomm believes that "IP mobility", defined as the ability to use the same static (permanently assigned) IP address in a home system and when roaming, is not needed by the vast majority of mobile packet data applications. Furthermore, mobility (no matter how it is implemented) entails significant per-packet network overhead. Even if mobility is provided, its use should be optional.
3. The rare mobile application that does need static addressing is best served by the Mobile IP protocol as it is currently being standardized in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Mobile IP is functionally superior to CDPD mobility, in that the former supports "roaming" between arbitrary parts of the Internet, including both wired and wireless networks.
4. The Mobile IP "Foreign Agent" feature can be implemented either in the IS-95 base station or in the mobile user's computer. The latter option shows how a user can add his own mobility features to a basic packet data service without the cooperation or even the knowledge of the packet data service provider. This further argues against any delay in deploying an IS-95 packet data service on account of mobility features.
5. Billing and mobility are independent issues in IS-95. The serving system can use the mobile station ESN and MIN, plus the existing IS-95 intersystem service features, to identify and verify a roaming mobile and to generate billing records.
It is the nature of mobile networking that virtually every application runs as a client on the mobile computer, communicating with servers running elsewhere in fixed locations. Internet application protocols in common use include the following:
Domain Name Service (DNS) - request the IP address for a domain name.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) - send or receive files.
Hyper Text Transport Protocol (HTTP) - request the retrieval of a web page. The main protocol of the World Wide Web.
Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP) - send electronic mail, either to a relay server or to the ultimate destination.
Post Office Protocol (POP) - request the delivery of incoming electronic mail.
Telnet - interactively log into a remote computer.
Some of these protocols (e.g., DNS, HTTP, POP) are limited to the transfer of information from server to client. But by definition, the client always initiates a transaction (a self-contained exchange of packets) by sending the very first packet to the remote server.
Except for Telnet sessions, most Internet transactions are short lived. Most are over in seconds from the initial service request by the client.
A transaction typically-though not necessarily-coincides with the lifetime of a single TCP connection. In some cases (e.g., DNS) a transaction consists of an exchange of connectionless UDP packets without a TCP connection. To increase efficiency, a closely spaced series of transactions to the same server sometimes "reuses" a single TCP connection. However, the self-contained nature of a transaction implies that the TCP connection could be torn down and reestablished between connections with only a loss in efficiency-no actual data would be lost.
Because it sends the first packet, a client must know the server's IP address in advance. But the reverse is not true. Since every Internet packet includes the IP address of the sender, a server always knows where to respond even if the client's IP address changes from one transaction to the next-though a new TCP connection may have to be established in the case of TCP connection reuse.
Further lessening the need for static IP addressing in a IS-95 packet data system is the inherent mobility provided in the physical layer for both voice and data users. None of the IP address mobility issues discussed here even arise in a IS-95 system unless the user roams to another system.
Portable computing is characterized by intermittent, ad-hoc connectivity to the Internet. Much of the time the user's computer is powered off to conserve batteries or is otherwise "off the net" because no suitable communications are available. Even when connectivity is theoretically available, a user may choose to not use it because of cost or other practical factors (e.g., the inflight telephone services that cost several dollars per minute for connect time.)
At other times, a portable computer user can choose from several ways to connect to the net. For example, a conference or trade show may provide high speed public network connections for its attendees as an alternative to direct long distance calls back to one's company modem bank. A small branch office may subscribe to a local public Internet Service Provider (ISP) for connectivity to reach its home office network, again as an alternative to direct long distance dialing.
The portable user generally must accept a dynamically assigned IP address belonging to the local serving system. Even when dialing into his "home" company's network over the PSTN, he must generally accept a temporary IP address assigned by the terminal server/router.
For these reasons, existing operating systems and applications have already implemented dynamic addressing support. For example, Microsoft Windows 95, arguably the most important PC operating system, includes a TCP/IP stack with support for both DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) and PPP with automatic address assignment. Both schemes allow the serving system to assign a temporary IP address and related information to the portable user for the duration of his association with the serving network. Other popular operating systems such as Linux (UNIX) generally also support DHCP and/or dynamic PPP.
Application protocols have been created specifically to preserve the dynamically addressed, client-only nature of the portable computer user. The best example is the Post Office Protocol, POP. Before POP, email messages were delivered to their ultimate destination by the Simple Mail Transport Protocol, SMTP. As generally implemented, SMTP provides only for the transfer of email from client to server. (A "TURN" command originally defined in SMTP was never widely implemented for security reasons.) Portable computers, however, are generally unable to run full-time SMTP servers for all the reasons given above, so they are unable to receive incoming mail with SMTP. POP was therefore created so that a portable user can pick up his mail from a "post office" machine that runs SMTP on behalf of the user and stores incoming mail until the portable user picks it up with POP.
In sum, the mobile/portable computer user is already able to deal with intermittent connectivity and dynamically assigned IP addresses; there is simply no overriding need for a permanent IP address in a IS-95 packet data service.
The claim is sometimes made that fixed IP addresses are needed for security reasons, e.g., so that a company can authenticate the remote user by his IP address. While it is true that some companies do follow such a policy, it is notoriously easy to forge IP source addresses in Internet packets. The long history of Internet break-ins that exploit "trusted" IP addresses (e.g., the BSD rlogin/rsh command mechanisms) shows that it is simply not safe to do so.
It is simply improper to make any security decisions whatsoever based on the IP address of a remote system. Sometimes a plaintext password is required, regardless of remote IP address; while slightly better than simply trusting a given IP address this practice is highly vulnerable to "password sniffing" (eavesdropping), a practice known to be widespread on the Internet.
The best security uses cryptographic user authentication, preferably combined with full end-to-end encryption to thwart eavesdropping on user data. Such systems can confidently accept connections regardless of the remote IP address-dynamic or static.
As discussed above, most portable computer operating systems support dynamic addressing, and this is entirely sufficient to support their client-mode applications. In fact, dynamic addressing is actually preferable to static addressing for such applications because of the suboptimal routing implied by static addressing.
Consider a user of a hypothetical cellular system with a static IP address belonging to his home system. When he roams, normal Internet routing causes every packets addressed to him to pass through his home system and then be forwarded to his serving system. This is true even if those packets originated in or near his serving system, and even if they belong to a transaction initiated by the client.
Making matters worse is the fairly recent practice, for security reasons, of filtering IP packets leaving an ISP on the basis of their source addresses. The intent is to discourage IP source address spoofing of the type used in recent "SYN bombing" attacks on various ISPs. Prior to source address filtering, the Internet ignored the source addresses on the packets it routed, meaning that packets sent by a statically-addressed mobile host could go directly to their destination even if packets to the same mobile host had to be routed through the "home" network that "owns" the mobile host's static address.
The likely result of source address filtering is that all traffic to and from a mobile host with a static IP address will have to pass through the home network that owns the IP address. This is clearly wasteful of Internet resources, considering that mobile-initiated network transactions can instead use a temporary IP address assigned by the serving system that would eliminate any non-optimal routing.
Although it is true that the wired Internet is generally much faster than the IS-95 traffic channel, making the wasteful use of the former less of an issue, reliability and delay concerns still argue in favor of the more efficient approach. In other words, even if the extra load imposed on the Internet by inefficient routing is negligible and costs the carriers nothing, it nonetheless increases the delay and decreases the reliability of the overall service as seen by the customer, with no corresponding benefit.
Although the vast majority of existing portable computer applications - perhaps even all of them - do just fine with dynamic IP addressing, Qualcomm agrees that new applications may appear that require fixed IP addresses for some mobile and portable computers as they move between IS-95 systems.
One class of such applications involve the mobile station as a server. An example would be the rapid notification of incoming electronic mail without requiring the mobile user to continually poll his POP server. Note that the notification need only cause the mobile station to initiate a conventional POP session as a client. For efficiency, the POP session could use a temporary IP address rather than the static address used to receive the notification.
Another class involves mobile networks, i.e., several TCP/IP-speaking computers connected to a local area network, with this network connected to the Internet via a service like IS-95 packet data. The main problem with this configuration occurs when the mobile computers need to speak to each other over the LAN; since this implies that there is at least one server on the LAN, it must have an IP address that the other computers can know.
There are several possible approaches to this situation.
One approach is to assign a fixed subnet to the mobile network and to have the serving carrier participate in normal Internet dynamic routing by advertising this subnet to the Internet whenever it is connected to that carrier. Though this approach is perhaps the simplest in concept, it is unlikely to work in practice. The size of the routing tables in the Internet "core" have grown enormously with the growth of the Internet and already many Internet carriers have adopted policies to not route subnetwork address blocks smaller than a certain size. The minimum size is typically 16,384 hosts-far larger than the typical mobile subnet is likely to be.
Another approach is to implement two virtual interfaces on each computer attached to the mobile LAN. One interface has a fixed IP address and is used only to communicate with the other computers on the LAN; the other interface has a dynamic address and is used to communicate with the external Internet through the IS-95 packet data system. In this situation, the IS-95 system would have to assign more than one dynamic address, one for each computer on the mobile LAN that needs external Internet connectivity.
A third approach is to designate one of the computers as a Mobile IP Foreign Agent and to assign permanent IP addresses to the other computers. This approach has the advantage of not requiring any changes to the other computers. It has the disadvantage of forcing the use of Mobile IP for off-LAN traffic by the other computers even when it is not needed.
CDPD provides the customer with a fixed, carrier-provided IP address that can be used with any participating CDPD carrier. This solves the address mobility problem of roaming between CDPD systems, but it does not solve the more general (and ultimately more important) problem of "roaming" between CDPD and non-CDPD systems, including wired networks.
In contrast, the IETF Mobile IP approach is not specific to any particular subnetwork technology. Mobile IP users can roam between Ethernets, CDPD networks, IS-95 packet data networks, dialup modem links-indeed, any subnetwork that can provide Internet connectivity with a temporarily assigned IP address belonging to that subnet.
For those users who need static addressing, the ability to move transparently between a wired (e.g., Ethernet) and wireless (e.g., IS-95) subnetwork is likely to be extremely important. A good example is a laptop computer connected to an office Ethernet when its owner is in his office, and to an IS-95 packet-capable phone when its owner travels. In this situation, Mobile IP allows the user to assign a static address from a subnetwork of his own choosing, which would most likely be his office Ethernet. He could then carry that address with him as he travels.
This is not possible with CDPD mobility alone. Given the low cost and high speed of Ethernet as compared to CDPD (or IS-95, for that matter), it seems unlikely that any mobility scheme that doesn't support "roaming" to one's office Ethernet would be considered satisfactory. This implies that any user who truly requires static IP addressing will be forced to implement Mobile IP. This would render superfluous any CDPD-style mobility provided by the carrier.
The discussion of Mobile IP has suggested the simultaneous use of static and dynamic IP addresses by the same mobile computer. The static address would be used by servers running on the mobile computer to accept and respond to incoming requests, while the more efficient dynamic address would be used by clients initiating transactions to other servers.
This actually seems fairly straightforward to implement in existing TCP/IP-capable operating systems, including Windows 95 (though that system rarely supports Internet servers that need static IP addresses). The TCP/IP stack in that operating system seems to be modeled after that in BSD Unix and its many variations, including support for multiple subnetwork interfaces. Two separate network interfaces could therefore be implemented to an IS-95 packet data unit. One would be the "real" interface, bearing whatever temporary IP address has been assigned to it by the serving system. The other is a "virtual" interface bearing the static IP address belonging to the user's Mobile IP home system. Servers would accept incoming packets addressed to either the temporary or the static IP address, but since the temporary address is unlikely to be known by prospective remote clients only the static IP address is likely to be actually used for this purpose.
The IP routing table is configured to steer all outbound packets by default to the dynamic interface. This causes any local clients to automatically adopt the current dynamic IP address, meaning that traffic between these clients and remote hosts would be routed optimally over the Internet. If the dynamic IP address were to be changed by the serving system (e.g., if an intersystem handoff were to occur) then any pending client transactions would admittedly fail, but this seems like a rare occurrence; applications unwilling to tolerate this risk could instead specify the static local IP address at the expense of increased Internet traffic and propagation delays.
As an aside, the routing "subnet mask" associated with the static interface would cause clients connecting to remote hosts on the home network to use the static IP address by default. This is reasonable, since the indirect routing normally associated with Mobile IP packet forwarding is not present when the remote host is on the home network. It is also likely that the long-lived transactions most vulnerable to being terminated by an intersystem handoff will be to hosts on one's home network (e.g., consider an idle Telnet session to one's office computer). The use of the static interface in this case would allow the session to be kept open across IS-95 system boundaries without inefficient Internet usage.
Billing and mobility are separate issues in IS-95, because every IS-95 mobile (including a data capable mobile), unlike a CDPD terminal, has a unique MIN and ESN to identify it to a serving system. When a basic packet data user roams into a new serving system, the same standard IS-95 mechanisms originally designed for voice calls can identify the roamer, contact its home system for account verification, and optionally authenticate the mobile station. The serving system can then record usage (airtime, plus possibly packet and/or byte counts), generate a billing record from this information and forward it to the home system, again using the same mechanisms already defined and in place for roaming voice calls.


text: Hey guys, Check out Center Ice Radio, it gives you live scores in the app and makes allows you to easily listen to your teams browser radio. It's definitely worth the dollar considering how much the NHL charges for theirs (20 bucks). Only works if your phone has flash though!


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The Mercury's annual charity auction is just around the corner, and one item that's always up for bid is a subscription to the literary journal McSweeney's. If you wait until the auction to pick up a subscription, though, you might miss out on the fall issue, which is unusual even by McSweeneys' quirk-embracing tendencies: It's an homage to print media that simultaneously explores new funding models.
Issue 33 of McSweeney's Quarterly will be a one-time-only, Sunday-edition sized newspaper—the San Francisco Panorama. It'll have news (actual news, tied to the day it comes out) and sports and arts coverage, and comics (sixteen pages of glorious, full-color comics, from Chris Ware and Dan Clowes and Art Spiegelman and many others besides) and a magazine and a weekend guide, and will basically be an attempt to demonstrate all the great things print journalism can (still) do, with as much first-rate writing and reportage and design (and posters and games and on-location Antarctic travelogues) as we can get in there.
The issue will feature a piece of long-form investigative reporting (as far as I know, the magazine's first): a report on the history and current status of the Oakland Bay Bridge, co-written by Pulitzer Prize-winning Bob Porterfield and "structural-engineer-turned-reporter" Patricia Decker. The piece is being funded through donations to Spot.Us, which allows readers to contribute money to support worthy pitches. I like the concept of the whole issue, and it's available for pre-order here.
And... speaking of McSweeney's, I just so happen to have an extra copy of The Wild Things, Dave Eggers' novelization of Where the Wild Things Are, still in its original shrinkwrap and everything (which is probably for the best, since it's a pretty book and my desk could charitably be described as "totally fucking disgusting"). Email me with Wild Things in the subject line by 3 pm tomorrow for a shot at winning it—I'll pick a winner at random.


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Results 1 to 4 of 4
Thread: images in mysql and php
03-22-09, 18:14 #1Registered User
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- Jan 2009
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Unanswered: images in mysql and php
not sure if im posting this in the right area but...
This is prob really easy but im trying to store a image in mysql in a blob. Not sure how to put the image in there to start with, not sure weather to upload to webserver and put in the address to picture etc..
And then i want to display the image using php on a webpage including other information from the database. I can get it to show all the other information in the database but not the images.
Any help would be greatly appriciated
03-23-09, 02:57 #2Registered User
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- Mar 2009
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- 11
Here's a quick and dirty...
write_image.php <html> <body> <?php mysql_connect('localhost','userid','password'); $filename = '../images/ftr890x50.png'; $fp = fopen($filename,'r'); $contents = fread($fp, filesize($filename)); fclose($fp); $query = 'insert into images.imagestore (image_name,image_type,image_bytes) values ' .'("ftr890x50.png","png","'.$contents.'")'; ?> <!-- Just read it back in into a an image element --> <img src="getBlobImage.php"> </body> </html>Code:
getBlobImage.php <?php mysql_connect('localhost','userid','password'); $query = 'select image_bytes from images.imagestore where image_name = "ftr890x50.png"'; $result = mysql_query($query); $image_bytes = mysql_result($result,0,'image_bytes'); // This is the key to displaying the image... header("Content-type: image/png"); header('Content-length: ' . strlen($image_bytes)); print $image_bytes; ?>
03-23-09, 05:50 #3vaguely human
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It might also be worthwhile reading this thread to decide whether it's better to store images in the database or in the file system.
03-24-09, 22:06 #4Registered User
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- Jan 2009
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Thanks for your help


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Nokia hasrevealed a mobile imaging device that it claims will perform as well as a stand alone digital camera.
The N86 8MP combines wide angle Carl Zeiss optics with an 8 megapixel sensor and can be used equally for video and still images. Nokia will begin shipping the 'best mobile imaging device' in the second quarter of 2009.
The new handset has a dual LED camera flash and 8 GB of internal memory for up to 4,000 images. The memory can be increased with an exchangeable 16 GB microSD card. It also comes with a built-in compass and a three-month license for voice and pedestrian navigation so users can share their location with personal content such as geotagged photos. It will cost around EURO 375 (£332) before taxes and subsidies.
Nokia Nseries director, Juha-Pekka Sipponen, said: 'People demand mobile cameras that take excellent pictures in all light conditions.That's why the aperture of the Nokia N86 8MP is comparable to that of a high-quality, stand-alone digital camera.
'Whether it's running with the bulls in Pamplona or capturing the panoramic beauty of a sunrise over Sydney, the Nokia N86 8MP will take brilliantly clear, wide-angle images that are instantly geotagged to be uploaded onto sites like Ovi Share or Flickr.'
Mobile Industry Awards 2017 - B2B & Distribution Finalists
Mobile Industry Awards 2017 – Retail Finalists announced
Mobile Industry Awards 2017 - Best Ruggedised Device
Nazish Dossa Joins Brighstar as UK Managing Director.
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Huawei - 'Our 2017 focus is premium products'
Retail Special
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Meeting the challenge of in-building coverage


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"There are still too many bad actors in search of these dangerous materials, and these dangerous materials are still vulnerable in too many places," Obama said at the Nuclear Security Summit here. "It would not take much -- just a handful or so of these materials -- to kill hundreds of thousands of innocent people. And that's not an exaggeration; that's the reality that we face," he said.
Even as the international community has taken a series of steps in the past two years to secure the world's nuclear material, he said the threat of nuclear terrorism still remains a potent challenge. "The security of the world depends on the actions that we take," the US President said.
Two years ago at the first Nuclear Security Summit in Washington, the world leaders, Obama said, had agreed that atomic terrorism is one of the most urgent and serious threats to global security. "We agreed to the goal of securing the world's nuclear materials in four years. We committed ourselves to specific and concrete actions.
To get this done, we agreed a new effort of sustained and effective international cooperation was required, that we would need to create an architecture in which we could share best practices, help to enforce many of the commitments that we had already made, and continue to improve every aspect of this issue," Obama said.


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Cuomo Engages In Dirty Campaign Tactics
by Paul Wolf - posted 12:07 am, July 29, 2014
There is nothing scarier than a politician with a huge ego and an obsession to win re-election big to set themselves up for a shot at higher office. In New Jersey Governor Chris Christie by all accounts was going to win re-election as Governor last year. Winning was not enough for Christie, he wanted to win by a huge margin to prove that he was so popular among all voter demographics that running for President of the United States was an obvious next step. Christie's obsession to win big filtered down to his staff and with or without his knowledge led to the now famous bridge fiasco, where traffic was purposely tied up on a bridge as a way to punish an elected official that did not jump on the Christie bandwagon.
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo has the same obsession to win big because he too is interested in running for President. Cuomo has an unbelievable campaign war chest of $35 million dollars and he is far ahead in every poll. It is highly unlikely that Cuomo will lose the upcoming election. Even with all of his advantages it is amazing the lengths that Cuomo and his campaign will go to in an effort to crush any opposition. The Cuomo campaign is spending $10 million on negative television ads in an effort to attack and destroy republican candidate Robert Astorino. Although Cuomo has a record to run on and discuss he so far has refused to agree to any debates with his opponents.
Zephyr Teachout is running on the democratic line against Cuomo. Teachout is hardly known by voters and has very little money. In order to get on the ballot Teachout had to obtain 15,000 signatures from registered democrats throughout New York state. Teachout filed 45,000 signatures. Incumbent elected officials cannot stand having anyone run against them and will do everything in their power to destroy their opponents. Cuomo surrogates are challenging Teachout's petitions in an effort to get thrown off the ballot and they have also filed a lawsuit in an effort to prevent Teachout from running.
Even more amazing to me is that Cuomo's campaign has disrupted several Teachout press conferences by coordinating the sending of protesters to them. When Teachout held a press conference to discuss Cuomo's lack of ethics and his involvement in meddling with a commission established to address political corruption, the press conference was disrupted by protesters attacking Teachout. The protesters drew attention to themselves by covering their faces with signs and refusing to answer news reporter questions. After news reporters tracked down who these mysterious protesters were, a spokesperson for the Cuomo campaign admitted that the individuals were affiliated with the governor's campaign.
Elections should be about the discussion and debate of issues. To engage in goon tactics and the sending of fake protesters to prevent Teachout from expressing her thoughts on issues and receiving media coverage is appalling to me. Cuomo has a notorious reputation as being a nasty political operative. As former Governor Eliot Spitzer stated "The problem that Andrew has is that everybody knows that behind the scenes, he is the dirtiest, nastiest political player out there, and that is his reputation from years in Washington."
Interestingly, the Politics NY blog reported that Cuomo was very concerned that he may face protesters when coming to Buffalo on Monday. Sam Hoyt was dispatched to find out if protesters were coming. Fortunately not everyone engages in the dirty trick tactics that Cuomo does, but apparently he fears being ridiculed in public. While protesters did not greet the governor on Monday, editorial boards across the state chastised him for meddling with the Moreland corruption commission.


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Posted by Chris Shattuck on February 19, 2016 · Leave a Comment
Twitter has been on a roll recently and one of their latest features that hasn't gotten many headlines relates to their customer service efforts.
Category Opinions · Tags Customer Service, Direct Message, Twitter
This is the personal page of Chris Shattuck -- an Atlanta-based media professional with a background in business reporting, nonprofits and agency PR.
Please, look around and check out my blog, where I deal with issues regarding the media, the City of Atlanta and my alma mater of Georgia State University.
Also, make sure to follow me on Twitter @ChrisShattuck!


text:
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Thanks for joining me and Jordan from Lily White. Designs, Amy From A Blossoming Life, Sara from Sneaky Spoons, and Katie from The Casual Craftlete. We each pick different features each week so be sure to check out the other lovely features!
This party starts each Sunday at 8PM Central time You can subscribe to my email list to ensure you won't miss a thing!
In case you missed it….
Since Summer is in full swing, I shared some beautiful looking Refreshing Summer Drinks. Just looking at the pictures is making me thirsty!
Most of the drinks featured in this post came right from the Frugal Crafty Home Blog Hops from the last couple weeks.
We had a great party last week with so many inspiring ideas! Here's some of my favorites:
Brepurposed linked up this awesome tutorial for her DIY Faux Distressed Wood Backdrop.
I loved this Summer House Tour from My Creative Days. I love taking virtual home tours!
This Peanut Butter Avocado Brownies recipe from Jellibean Journals rocked my world. I LOVE PB and chocolate and this recipe cuts out a TON of calories. I'm adding this to my must-try recipes list!
Now it's your turn! Feel free to grab my blog hop button from my sidebar. If you were featured, celebrate and grab the "I was featured" button! Party Information and Rules:
- Follow Carrie This Home in some way–by email, Facebook, Pinterest, Google+,Twitter, or Bloglovin'.
- Frugal Crafty Home Blog Hop opens up every Sunday at 8 PM Central time.
- Your link will appear on all five blogs giving your posts more exposure!
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- Linking up means you are giving permission to be featured and use your pictures in future featured posts. Proper credit & links will always be given.
P.S. - If you're a blogger, you HAVE to check out *this course. I took it myself and highly recommend it. (*aff link)
Hello ladies! Thanks for hosting such a amazing party! Please come and party with us tonight at 7 pm. We would be thrilled to have you! http://loulougirls.blogspot.com
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Thanks for hosting! I need to try the PB Avocado Brownie recipe. I wonder if my kids will realize there's avocado in there….
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Glad to party here, Carrie 🙂 Thanks so much for hosting and hope you have a great week!
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Love the features. Thanks so much for this fun party. Have a super week ahead.
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