text:
Jones helps Welsh win back pride
Wales 24 Argentina 20
Wales needed it, Robert Howley needed it, and, yes, the Welsh public demanded it. But with his fellow heavyweights back at his side, there can be even less doubt that Alun Wyn Jones warranted it.
This was a success carved in the honour of Wales's emotional talisman. There was no more notable contribution than that of the indefatigable lock. He would never say so, but for Jones, the man-of-the-match award would have meant so much after the death of his father two weeks ago. A rugby man, Tim Jones would have enjoyed this bounce-back win after the 32-8 embarrassment against Australia.
Wales had started so poorly the week before and, at the very least, they can take heart that they finished this fortnight on a positive note, with Japan and South Africa to come. For Howley, it was the first time that he had led Wales to win against southern hemisphere in seven attempts as a stand-in coach.
They were pretty awful early on yesterday, best signified by a pathetic penalty when at least four Welshmen were offside when Dan Biggar sent up an up-and-under that took his own team more by surprise than the opposition.
By that stage, Argentina had assumed an advantage with a Nicolas Sanchez penalty. But after the Biggar botch, Sanchez could not extend it further and soon Leigh Halfpenny was on customary target to calm home pulses with two penalties to give Wales their first lead of the autumn.
Wales were due a try and, more to the point, Williams was due and he jinked and squirmed his brilliant way over three minutes after the restart.
Biggar had made the initial break, but five minutes later he was bizarrely appealing to the referee after Juan Martin Hernandez had dived on Martin Ladajo's kick through, after the quick-witted scrum-half had taken a snap penalty.
From appearing comfortable, Wales were suddenly only a point ahead. Yet their pack once again set up scrum-half Gareth Davies to beat three defenders.
Landajo fully warranted his try on the hour, but Halfpenny applied the sure-booted Valium and Jenkins was allowed his celebration.
Wales: L Halfpenny; G North, J Davies, S Williams, Liam Williams; D Biggar, G Davies; G Jenkins (capt, N Smith 63), K Owens (S Baldwin 46), T Francis, L Charteris, AW Jones, S Warburton, J Tipuric, R Moriarty.
Argentina: J Tuculet (J De la Fuente 36); M Moroni, M Orlando, JM Hernandez (S Gonzalez Iglesias 75), S Cordero; N Sanchez, M Landajo (T Cubelli 63); L Noguera (S Garcia Botta 50), A Creevy (capt, J Montoya 66), R Herrera (G Petti, 71), M Alemanno, P Matera (L Senatore 63), J Ortega Desio, F Isa.
Referee: A Gardner (Australia).
Sunday Indo Sport
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 7, 1997
|Filing date
|Dec 6, 1994
|Priority date
|Dec 6, 1994
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Heang K. Tuy, Dale J. Bendula, Walter W. Lindstrom
|Original Assignee
|Picker International, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (24), Non-Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (88), Classifications (9), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present application relates to the art of medical diagnostic imaging in which penetrating radiation is received by radiation sensitive detectors. The application subject matter finds particular use in computerized tomographic (CT) scanners and will be described with particular reference thereto. However, the invention may also find use in connection with other diagnostic imaging modalities, industrial quality assurance imaging, video camera imaging, and the like.
Heretofore, CT scanners have included a plurality of discrete radiation detectors which converted X-ray radiation which traversed a patient examination area into electronic signals. Each radiation detector included a radiation sensitive face, such as a scintillation crystal, which converted the received radiation into a corresponding quantity of light. A solid state photodiode was provided to convert the light emitted by the scintillation crystal into analog electrical signals indicative of the intensity of the crystal emitted light, hence the intensity of the received radiation.
The radiation detectors were separately arranged on a circuit board. Each circuit board supported a linear array of photodiodes and attached scintillation crystals. In addition, a preamplifier was attached to the circuit board and connected to each photodetector output to convert the photodiode current to an appropriate voltage within the dynamic range of the analog-to-digital conversion system.
The analog signals from the circuit board were carried to a central processing area where they were converted from their analog state into a corresponding digital signal. The analog signals were carried to the central processing area via a long bus system which extended around the scanner.
One problem relates to degradation of the analog signals as they travel over the long bus system between the radiation detectors and the central processing area.
CT scanners operate in a sea of extraneous radio frequency electromagnetic signals, the frequencies of which vary over a wide band. Sources of extraneous signals include nearby operating electrical components, equipment, signals from other detectors, and the like. The long bus systems include long lead wires which inadvertently act as antennas in picking up extraneous electromagnetic signals and converting them into analog signals. The extraneous analog signals are superimposed on and mix with the analog signals from the detectors. The superimposed extraneous signals appear as noise and fictitious data when reconstructed into images. The resulting images are degraded by noise, ghosting, and other artifacts.
Prior art scanners commonly collected data from a single slice or a small plurality of slices. To scan a volume, the patient was shifted longitudinally either incrementally after each slice to generate a multiplicity of parallel slices or continuously for a helical scan. The multiple rotation of the x-ray beam around the subject was time-consuming and stressful on the x-ray tube and generator.
In accordance with the present invention, a CT scanner is provided in which a plurality of two dimensional detector arrays output parallel streams of digital signals to a remotely located central processing area. The plurality of detector arrays are positioned opposite a radiation source and receive x-ray radiation having traversed a patient examination area. Each area detector array includes an array of scintillation crystals which convert x-ray radiation into visible light. A plurality of photodetectors are arranged in an array and aligned with the scintillation crystals so that light emitted from each scintillation crystal is converted into electrical charge by the aligned photodetector. First and second charge storage devices are integrally formed on a substrate for accumulating and storing charges generated by the photodetectors. The first and second charge storage devices accumulate charge generated by the photodetectors in a dual mode wherein one detector accumulates charge while charge accumulated on the other is read-out by downstream circuitry. The downstream circuitry is also integrally formed on the substrate and includes a plurality of amplifiers for boosting analog signals representative of the accumulated charges, and a multiplexer which multiplexes analog signals outputted by the amplifiers onto a single line. An analog to digital converter is connected to the output of the multiplexer and converts the analog signals into digital counterparts prior to being conveyed to the central processing area.
One advantage of the present application is that signals outputted by the radiation detector arrays are in digital form and are immune from the effects of surrounding extraneous radiation.
Another advantage of the present invention is that it facilitates acquiring a good quality signal at a very high rate.
Another advantage of the present invention is provided by the dual mode method of integrating photodetector charge which increases the speed at which digital signals can be outputted by the detector arrays.
Another advantage of the present invention is that the scintillation crystal array, the photodetector array, the amplifier, and the analog-to-digital converter can be formed integrally with the substrate to provide a fully integrated hybrid circuit using conventional manufacturing techniques.
Still further advantages will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading and understanding the following detailed description.
The invention may take form in various components and arrangements of components. The figures are only for purposes of illustrating preferred and alternate embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
FIG. 1 illustrates a CT scanner employing a two-dimensional detector array in accordance with of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates an array of detector arrays of the CT scanner of FIG. 1 arranged for use in receiving cone-shaped x-ray beams;
FIG. 3 illustrates a scintillation crystal and photodetector array in combination with an integrated circuit;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of the integrated circuit of FIG. 3; and,
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a second embodiment of the integrated circuit.
With reference to FIG. 1, a CT scanner 10 selectively images regions of a patient supported by a patient table 12 in a scan circle or examination region 14. The patient table is positionable longitudinally. The CT scanner has an x-ray tube 16 which emits a beam of x-rays toward an area of the patient being examined. In the preferred embodiment, a collimator 18 collimates the x-rays into a cone beam. When the examination area is irradiated with the x-ray energy, a percentage of the x-rays reaching the examination area is absorbed by the patient's body. The amount of absorption depends on the density of bone or tissue upon which the x-rays are incident. The x-ray energy of the x-rays exiting the patient's body along each ray represents a linear integration of the radiation absorption of each incremental patient element along the ray. The absorption is indicative of relative tissue and skeletal densities.
With continued reference to FIG. 1 and with further reference to FIG. 2, a plurality of detector arrays 20 receive radiation which has traversed the examination area. In the illustrated embodiment, thirteen arrays are arranged to receive a circular or rectangular cross-sectioned cone of radiation. Each array is disposed along a plane normal to the center line of the cone shaped x-ray beam and is mounted for rotation with the x-ray beam. Cone shaped beams allow a larger volumetric region of the patient to be imaged per unit of time when compared with a patient region imaged using conventional fan shaped beams.
With continued reference to FIG. 2 and with further reference to FIG. 3, each detector array 20 includes an n�m array of scintillation crystals 22 and photodetectors 24 connected or preferably integrated into an integrated circuit 26. The scintillation crystal photodetector array is covered with a light opaque, x-ray transmissive covering (not shown) to prevent extraneous light from reaching the crystals or photodetectors. The scintillation crystal and photodetector arrays are preferably fully integrated with the integrated circuit using conventional solid-state component manufacturing techniques. However, description will further be made with respect to scintillation crystals and photodetectors which are connected to the integrated circuit using conventional bonding techniques.
The scintillation crystals 22 are formed from cadmium tungstate or other similar materials capable of generating visible light upon being excited with x-ray radiation. The preferred embodiment uses a 16�16 array of scintillation crystals of 1 mm square area. It should be understood that a greater or lesser number of scintillation crystals of varying widths can also be employed without departing from the inventive concept of the present application. Each scintillation crystal of the 16�16 array is optically coupled to one of the photodetectors 16�16 array of photodetectors using conventional optical coupling cement, or the like.
During a typical x-ray examination, the patient is placed between the x-ray source and the detector arrays. The scintillation crystals convert x-rays that are transmitted through the examination area of the patient to corresponding photons of light. The photodiodes convert the light photons to electrical signals indicative of the integrated x-ray absorption along the corresponding ray.
X-rays that have traversed the examination area are received through the front face of the scintillation crystal. The scintillation crystal converts these x-rays into visible light of a characteristic wavelength. The visible light exits each scintillation crystal via a surface that is optically coupled to one of the photodetectors. The scintillation crystals are covered on all surfaces except the surface which is optically coupled to the photodetector with an x-ray transmissive, optical light opaque coating (not shown), e.g., an aluminum coating. Preferably, the coating is reflective such that substantially all light is reflected to the photodetector. Spatial intensity patterns of light emitted from the scintillation crystal array are proportional to spatial patterns of the x-ray radiation having traversed the examination area.
One of the scintillation crystals is mounted on a photodetector of the 16�16 array of photodetectors to convert the light emitted from the scintillation crystal into discrete electrical charge. The preferred embodiment uses a 16�16 array of photodetectors of one square millimeter area each. It should be understood that other numbers of photodetectors and scintillation crystals can be used. The technology of forming a 16�16 array of photodetectors is readily available. For example, photodetectors in the form of photodiodes are generally manufactured in a continuous sheet which forms one very large photodiode. By etching or cutting the surface layer, but not the substrate, the large photodiode sheet is subdivided into an array of small photodiodes.
It should be noted that the photodetectors can be defined by devices other than photodiodes. Photocapacitors, photoresistors, charge coupled devices (CCD), and the like, are also contemplated.
Light from the scintillation crystal is converted by the photodetector into a corresponding charge value. In a photodiode, photons of light create charge pairs in an active surface layer. The charge is channeled from the active layer through detection circuitry to the substrate to create an output current that is proportional to the number of light photons received. In a charge coupled device, each cell is charged to a preselected level. Each photon of received light discharges a corresponding unit charge. The difference between the initial charge and the remaining charge is proportional to the number of photons of light received.
With reference to FIG. 4, aligned beneath the photodetector array and bonded thereto is the integrated circuit 26 which processes both analog and digital signals. The integrated circuit is formed on a substrate 50 and includes charge storage devices 52, several cells of which are shown, and signal processing circuitry 54. In the FIG. 4 embodiment, the charge storage devices accumulate and store charge from the photodetectors output currents until read out by the downstream processing circuitry.
Each photodetector is connected with charge storage device cells of two distinct groups of charge storage devices 56, 58. The charge storage devices "accumulate" photodetector charge in that they store charge during an x-ray exposure interval. The first and second groups of charge storage devices operate in a dual buffer mode in which one group, while connected, accumulates charge from respective photodetectors as the other group is accessed by downstream circuitry of the integrated circuit which will be more fully explained below. It is to be appreciated that the dual buffer mode provides a faster data output from the radiation detector array.
The first and second charge storage device groups preferably take form in first and second groupings of capacitors integrally formed on the substrate. To facilitate accumulated charge output, rows of capacitors in one grouping are sequentially gated to a common bus (not shown) whereby stored accumulated charges in each row are serially accessed by downstream circuitry while capacitors in the other grouping continue to accumulate charge.
In an alternative embodiment, the first and second charge storage devices take form in charge injected devices (CID) or charge coupled devices (CCD). The CCDs or CIDs are interconnected in rows to form an analog shift register. Accumulated charges in each row are serially shifted until read by downstream circuitry. Again, one of the first or second groups accumulates photodetector generated charges while the other group is shifting accumulated charge to downstream circuitry.
The foregoing radiation detector arrays have been described as containing an array of photodetectors, each one of which is alternately connected to respective first and second charge storage devices. However, each photodetector could selectively be connected to a single charge storage device without departing from the inventive concept of the present application. To maintain the dual buffer mode described above, the photodetectors in this embodiment function as charge storage devices in addition to functioning as a device for converting light into electrical charge. For example, photodetectors in the form of photocapacitors accumulate charge generated thereby during an x-ray examination interval. At the end of the x-ray examination interval, the accumulated charges in each photocapacitor are transferred to a respective charge storage device. Thereafter, charges stored on the charge storage device are sequentially read out by downstream circuitry while the photocapacitors accumulate further light converted electrical charge.
The integrated circuit further includes one or more analog to digital converters 62 integrally formed on the substrate and interconnected within the downstream circuitry wherein analog signals corresponding to accumulated charges are converted into digital signals. Digital signals outputted by the detector array of the present application are transferred from the rotating gantry to the stationary gantry by one or more slip rings. Optionally, a data compression circuit is used to reduce the volume of digital data transferred between the rotating gantry and stationary gantries.
The integrated circuit further includes one or more multiplexers 64 and one or more amplifiers 66 which are integrally formed on the substrate 50. The amplifiers may be selectively interconnected to the charge storage devices and boost the analog signals produced by the accumulated charges thereon.
The amplifiers are selectively interconnected to the charge storage devices such that accumulated charges from distinct charge storage devices can be boosted by the same amplifiers. For example, charge storage devices are arranged on the substrate in arrays of rows and columns. Each row of charge storage device array is selectively connected to a respective amplifier. In particular, each common bus to which a row of charge storage capacitors are sequentially gated are connected to an input of a respective amplifier. In this arrangement, accumulated charges in the row are serially inputted to the connected amplifier. Similarly, each analog shift register formed by interconnecting a row of charge coupled devices or charge injected devices, can be connected to the input of a respective amplifier. In this arrangement, charges accumulated may be shifted between adjacent charge storage devices until being inputted to an amplifier. In either arrangement, it is to be appreciated that the amplifiers output analog signals in parallel.
With reference to FIG. 5, in an alternative embodiment, each amplifier is alternately connected to two rows of charge storage devices which are connected with a common row of photodetectors in the double buffer configuration. In this arrangement, accumulated charges from one row of first or second charge storage devices are serially inputted to a respective amplifier while the other row is disconnected and accumulating charge generated by the photodetectors. As can be appreciated, this arrangement further reduces the number of amplifiers on the integrated circuit resulting in on board power consumption savings since amplifiers typically require relatively large currents to operate effectively.
Optionally, multiplexers are interposed between the amplifiers and the analog to digital converter. Each multiplexer is integrally formed on the substrate. In this arrangement, analog signals outputted by the amplifiers are multiplexed onto a single line prior to being converted into digital signals.
As set forth above, the analog to digital converter converts analog signals to a corresponding digital output. These digital outputs are transferred via the slip ring to the stationary gantry.
Bonding photodetectors to an integrated circuit often results in photodetectors of unequal characteristics. The photodetectors might be unequal in that they produce bias offsets which are included in charge accumulated within the detector itself or a connected charge storage device. The offset bias can be slight or extreme. However, the offset bias typically varies from detector to detector. In the extreme, offset bias causes analog signals to be biased outside the dynamic range of the amplifiers. In this situation, AC components of the analog signal which correspond to the x-ray radiation incident upon the scintillation crystals, could be filtered out inadvertently by the amplifier.
The substrate 50 further includes gates (not shown) for connecting charge storage devices to the amplifiers. In the CCD embodiment, the circuitry for sequentially clocking the charge values across the array to the amplifiers is mounted on the substrate.
The digital data from the detectors is accumulated in a data memory 80. A cone beam reconstruction processor 82 reconstructs the data into a volumetric image representation which is stored in an image memory 84. A suitable cone beam reconstruction technique is show in "An Inversion Formula for Cone-Beam Reconstruction." SIAM Journal of Applied Mathematics, Tuy, H. K., pp. 546-552 (1983). A video processor 86 selectively accesses data from the image memory to produced slice images, 3-D renderings, and other user requested displays for display on a video monitor ee as are customary in the art.
The present invention is also applicable to fourth generation scanners. By mounting a ring of the above-described 16�16 arrays around the stationary gantry, data for sixteen slices is collected concurrently. Of course, arrays of other sizes, such as a 4�6 array, may also be advantageous.
The invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiment. Obviously, modifications and alterations will occur to others upon reading and understanding the preceding detailed description. It is intended that the invention be construed as including all such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
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|Systems and methods for quasi-simultaneous multi-planar x-ray imaging
|Jun 28, 2006
|May 17, 2016
|Primaloft, Inc.
|Yarns containing siliconized microdenier polyester fibers
|Mar 24, 2014
|Jul 26, 2016
|Medtronic Navigation, Inc.
|Systems and methods for imaging large field-of-view objects
|Jan 2, 2014
|Aug 9, 2016
|Stmicroelectronics S.R.L.
|Proximity sensor having array of geiger mode avalanche photodiodes for estimating distance of an object to the array based on at least one of a dark current and a rate of current spikes generated in dark conditions
|Jul 25, 2016
|Aug 8, 2017
|Medtronic Navigation, Inc.
|Systems and methods for imaging large field-of-view objects
|Sep 26, 2002
|Apr 17, 2003
|Xiaochun Yang
|Versatile cone-beam imaging apparatus and method
|Mar 26, 2003
|Oct 30, 2003
|Xiaochun Yang
|True 3D cone-beam imaging method and apparatus
|Jun 11, 2003
|Dec 25, 2003
|Breakaway Imaging, Llc
|Cantilevered gantry apparatus for x-ray imaging
|Mar 18, 2003
|Jan 22, 2004
|Breakaway Imaging, Llc
|Systems and methods for imaging large field-of-view objects
|Mar 13, 2003
|Jan 22, 2004
|Breakaway Imaging, Llc
|Systems and methods for quasi-simultaneous multi-planar x-ray imaging
|Dec 12, 2002
|Feb 5, 2004
|Breakaway Imaging, Llc
|Breakable gantry apparatus for multidimensional x-ray based imaging
|Aug 21, 2003
|Sep 2, 2004
|Breakaway Imaging, Llc
|Gantry positioning apparatus for X-ray imaging
|Jan 15, 2004
|Jul 21, 2005
|Nasreen Chopra
|Three-dimensional x-ray imaging system
|Jan 12, 2005
|Jul 28, 2005
|Bjoern Heismann
|Detector module
|Mar 21, 2005
|Sep 8, 2005
|Maglich Bogdan C.
|Binocular method and apparatus for stoichiometric analysis and imaging using subatomic particle activation
|Mar 11, 2005
|Nov 17, 2005
|Mckinny Kevin S
|Method and apparatus for measuring wall thickness of a vessel
|Oct 27, 2005
|Jun 8, 2006
|Gregerson Eugene A
|Gantry positioning apparatus for x-ray imaging
|Dec 6, 2005
|Oct 12, 2006
|Maglich Bogdan C
|Hybrid stoichiometric analysis and imaging using non-thermal and thermal neutrons
|Sep 18, 2006
|Apr 19, 2007
|Gregerson Eugene A
|Systems and methods for imaging large field-of-view objects
|Aug 31, 2006
|May 10, 2007
|Breakaway Imaging, Llc
|Apparatus and method for reconstruction of volumetric images in a divergent scanning computed tomography system
|Nov 10, 2005
|May 10, 2007
|Possin George E
|Ct detector photodiode having multiple charge storage devices
|Jul 20, 2007
|Jan 17, 2008
|Possin George E
|Ct detector photodiode having multiple charge storage devices
|Dec 14, 2006
|Jan 17, 2008
|Gregerson Eugene A
|Systems and methods for quasi-simultaneous multi-planar x-ray imaging
|Dec 21, 2005
|Jun 5, 2008
|Yuan Xu
|Method and Device of Reconstructing an (N+1)-Dimensional Image Function from Radon Data
|Feb 14, 2006
|Sep 4, 2008
|Gregerson Eugene A
|Cantilevered gantry apparatus for x-ray imaging
|Apr 14, 2008
|Nov 27, 2008
|Helmut Winkelmann
|Image data acquisition system of an x-ray, CT or MRI machine with an integrated data compression module for data reduction of acquired image data
|Mar 14, 2007
|Dec 3, 2009
|Yuan Xu
|Method of reconstructing an image function from radon data
|Jan 8, 2010
|Jun 10, 2010
|Gregerson Eugene A
|Systems and methods for imaging large field-of-view objects
|Jun 15, 2010
|Dec 30, 2010
|Henrik Stiesdal
|Method to inspect a blade
|Feb 15, 2011
|Jun 9, 2011
|Gregerson Eugene A
|Apparatus and method for reconstruction of volumetric images in a divergent scanning computed tomography system
|Feb 15, 2011
|Aug 18, 2011
|Gregerson Eugene A
|Cantilevered gantry apparatus for x-ray imaging
|Jun 16, 2011
|Dec 22, 2011
|Shinsuke Tsukagoshi
|Medical image display apparatus and x-ray computed tomography apparatus
|Oct 29, 2009
|Aug 23, 2012
|Enrico Dolazza
|Three-dimensional scanner data compression
|Nov 6, 2012
|May 8, 2014
|David Cohen
|Accumulating charge from multiple imaging exposure periods
|Jan 2, 2014
|Jul 10, 2014
|Stmicroelectronics S.R.I.
|Proximity sensor and method of sensing a distance of an object from a proximity sensor
|Jun 26, 1997
|Oct 28, 2004
|Siemens Ag
|Me�system f�r einen Computertomographen
|Apr 2, 1999
|Oct 14, 1999
|Thomson Tubes Electroniques
|Method for acquiring measurements and scanner implementing said method
|Apr 2, 1999
|Oct 14, 1999
|Thomson Tubes Electroniques
|Method for acquiring measurements and scanner with sensor groups
|U.S. Classification
|378/19, 250/370.09, 378/98.8
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 6, 1994
Owner name: PICKER INTERNATIONAL, INC., OHIO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:TUY, HEANG K.;BENDULA, DALE J.;REEL/FRAME:007700/0359
Effective date: 19941128
|Jun 30, 2000
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jun 24, 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jul 14, 2008
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jan 7, 2009
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Feb 24, 2009
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20090107

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Cheran,director,actor and also a producer ', on behalf of his production house Dream Theatres will start a new project titled 'Muran'.
Told To be a high budget movie,it would star Cheran and Prasanna in the lead roles. 'Muran' will also feature two fresh faces as heroines and Pasanga fame Jayaprakash playing a key role.
Muran is told to be directed by Rajjan Madhav, son of acclaimed Malayalam music composer Raveendran Master, who scored music for more than 150 films primarily for the Malayalam and Tamil film industries.
Rajjan Madhav, co-director to Myskkin in Anjathey, Nandalala and Yudham Sei has penned the story, screenplay, dialogues and will direct the mega budget movie while his brother Sajjan Madhav will score the music. Muran is about two contrasting characters that we come across in life. Slated for a release in January, 2011, shooting for Muran is expected to start in August.
'Muran' is about contrasting characters that we come across in their life and what happens between those characters forms the story. It would be narrated in an entertaining manner, says Cheran.
Prasanna who played a powerful role in 'Anjadhey', will repeat the act in 'Muran'. Planned for a release in January 2011, the movie would go to floors this August and would wind up by November.
Natrajan Pazhani would be the executive producer and the production is by Cheran. Story, screenplay, dialogues and direction are by Rajjan Madhav.


text:
The film festival that provides a manageable amount of the truth.
SF DocFest is an annual festival devoted to documentary cinema. Since 2001, this two week-long event has brought the most weird and wonderful aspects of real life to the big screen.
"Docfest offers a zippy blend of politics, music, social issues and youth-oriented subcultures. The good news is that DocFest promotes documentaries as a vibrant, irreverent form of entertainment to a younger demographic, blasting the notion of educational films to smithereens. There's no room for anything approximating — watch it, I'm about to blaspheme – the obsessively measured and utterly somnambulant musings of Ken Burns." – Michael Fox, KQED
"Since its inception, DocFest (May 31-June 15 at the Roxie and the Vogue, with opening night at Alamo Drafthouse) has compiled a colorful scrapbook of genuine characters in contrast to the current events survey, educational seminar or social-issue forum that defines many documentary series… There are one or two people in Off the Charts you won't soon forget, which could be said about nearly every film in DocFest. That's one of the pleasures of scrapbooks." – also Michael Fox, KQED
Welcome to the 16th San Francisco Documentary Festival! The world hasn't fallen apart, even though there are days it feels that way, so the festival goes on.
With recent political events, some film festivals are seeing it as their responsibility to get more serious. We don't think that approach always leads to showcasing the best or most interesting films, so in the punk rock spirit that berthed this fest we have decided to double-down on the fun.
For 16 days we will experience real life stories about rock n roll, activism, art, sport, animals, business, disability, the environment, spirituality and the just plain weird. We'll meet local filmmakers and filmmakers from afar. We are honored to have the opportunity to present the World Premiere of Corbett Redford's Turn It Around: The Story Of East Bay Punk before the film goes on tour with its producers Green Day. Rory Kennedy's new surf doc Take Every Wave: The Life Of Laird Hamilton kicks off our Roxie Theater run, and Lynn Hershman Leeson will take the stage to introduce and talk about her new film Tania Libre to launch our week of films at the Vogue Theater.
This year we honor the awesomely undefinable Jamie Meltzer with our Non-Fiction Vanguard Award by showing his newest film, True Conviction, coming right off its premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival, plus a retrospective screening of his first documentary, Off The Charts: The Song-Poem Story. Join us at the Bad Art Gallery for the open bar after-party on Saturday, June 3rd celebrating Meltzer and his work.
Join us for a special live screening with San Francisco's own Stephen Parr of Oddball Films on Tuesday, June 13th as he showcases his video jockeying talents with Sonic Oddities accompanied with live musical score by bran(…)pos.
Parties during the festival include live local rock n roll on Opening Night, a Smiths Sing-A-Long party, the return of our regular Bad Art Gallery show with an all new collection of found art, and the presentation of Ferris Bueller Bingo, which is exactly what it sounds like.
There is something in this year's festival for everyone, both die hard documentary fans and also anyone with an interest in what makes our world turn.
Jeff Ross
SF DocFest
518 Gallery 518 Valencia at 16th
Alamo Drafthouse 2550 Mission St at 21st
Roxie Theater 3117 16th at Valencia
Vogue Theater 3290 Sacramento St at Presidio
Regular tickets $12/advance, $14/door.
Opening Night Film tickets (includes after party) $35/advance, $40/door.
Festival Opening Night Party, DNA Lounge, $10/advance, $12/door, $10 at the door with any Gilman membership card. Free with Opening Night Film Ticket Stub (all ages)
Ferris Bueller Bingo, 518 Gallery, includes a screening of Ferris Bueller's Day Off, a bingo card, chance to win prizes and an open bar. $15/advance, $20/door (21up)
Smiths/Morrisey Sing Along Party, Roxie Theater, $15 (all ages)
Vogue Opening Night Party Drink discounts at SWANK BAR, 444 Presidio (all ages)
Mission BAG (Bad Art Gallery), 518 Gallery, is free and open to everyone (21up)
The RoxiePass, good for all screenings at the Roxie, is $200. The VoguePass, good for all screening at the Vogue, is $100. The Roxie+VoguePass good for all screenings at both theaters is $225. Passholders jump to the front of the line at all screenings! 5Film vouchers are $55, 10Film vouchers are $105. These discount vouchers are only available and only redeemable at sfindie.com. Vouchers are redeemable for all events except the Opening Night Screening and Ferris Bueller Bingo.
Advance tickets are available now at sfindie.com and 415-552-5580. Same-day tickets are only available at the venue. The box office opens 30 minutes before the first show of the day. For all screenings please arrive at least 15 minutes before show time to assure seating.
Founder/Director: Jeff Ross; Programming: Chris Metzler, Jennifer Junkyard Morris; Volunteer Coordinator/Roxie House Manager: Catie Roads; Vogue House Manager: Laureen "Lulu" Briggs; Social Media Marketing Manager: Megan Goldfarb; Development: Nadja Mark; Production Assistance: Nina Ramos, Lulu, Robert Meyer; Box Office: Box Cubed; Publicity: Larsen & Associates; Graphic Design: Fabian Falconett and Melissa Martin
If you look forward to SF DocFest every year, please consider donating to support the festival: sfindie.com/donate. SF IndieFest is a 501c3 non profit arts organization.
Congrats to the DocFest Award Winners!
AUDIENCE AWARDS Best Feature Documentary: RESISTANCE IS LIFE Best Short Documentary: MOTHER'S DAY JURY PRIZES Best Feature Documentary: CHARGED Best Short Documentary: THE WIZARD OF OZ
SO MANY filmmakers in attendance at SF DocFest!
When you attend one of San Francisco's fabulous film festivals not only do you get a chance to discover interesting and occasionally life changing new films, you also get a chance to meet the folks who made the film, starred in the film or in the cse of documentaries, who the film is about. These […]
DocFest Binge Passes Available
Like to binge watch your docs? DocFest offers a day pass on the weekends that gets you into any screening with seats available all day for only $35. These are in limited supply, so if you like to binge, grab one now.
16th SF DocFest Press Links (so far)
SF DocFest in Photos https://missionlocal.org/2017/06/sf-doc-fest-in-photos/ — Mission Local Overview Laura Waxmann https://missionlocal.org/2017/05/returning-in-its-16th-year-sf-docfest-is-around-the-corner/ —- Mission Local Mention in ARRESTED AGAIN feature Laura Waxmann https://missionlocal.org/2017/05/local-activist-arrested-more-than-30-times-subject-of-mini-documentary/ —– Indiewire Mention in Film Festival round up Kate Erbland http://www.indiewire.com/2017/05/film-festival-roundup-hot-docs-awards-human-rights-watch-festival-lineup-1201815526/ —– Remezcla Overview Manuel Betancourt http://remezcla.com/film/sf-indiefest-latin-american-movies-2017/ —- KQED TURN IT AROUND https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2017/05/16/the-definitive-documentary-on-east-bay-punk-is-coming-pit-warning/ — SF Bay Times Reviews of LGBT films Gary […]
DocFest awards Jamie Meltzer the Non-Fiction Vanguard Award
Non-Fiction Vanguard Award: Jamie Meltzer The San Francisco Documentary Film Festival is pleased to announce today that acclaimed documentary filmmaker Jamie Meltzer will be the recipient of the 2017 Non-Fiction Vanguard Award. Meltzer will be presented with the award during the 16th edition of the festival, which returns to San Francisco May 31st to June […]


text:
MOVIE SYNOPSIS [ +16 years-old ] James and Eugene as well as friends, are longtime partners in a business appliances. Are without speaking, they complement, want, need. But one day, Eugenio disappears without a trace. Santiago understands the seriousness of the matter when Laura, the wife of Eugene, between desperate and hurt, breaks the news. James and Laura begin to look, but suddenly realize they do not want to find it. The analysis of the concepts of loyalty and betrayal leads them to the conclusion that above the established agreements are dreams. You can watch El misterio de la felicidad online on TV cable or theaters with original audio in Spanish at different dates. This film premiered in theaters in 2013.
Rating: 5 by 220 users./
Runtime: 99 minutes
Guillermo Francella, Inés Estévez, Alejandro Awada, Sergio Boris, María Fiorentino, Fabián Arenillas, Silvina Escudero and Claudia Ohana.
Drama, Romantic, Comedy.
99-minute film (full movie) directed by Daniel Burman.
The original audio of El misterio de la felicidad has dialogues in or Spanish, it was produced in Argentina.
It premiered in cinemas or television in 2013.
Screenplay written by Daniel Burman and Sergio Dubcovsky.
Daniel Ortega.
This film was produced and / or financed by BD Cine, Telefé and Total Entertainment.
Composed by Nicolás Cota.
Without commercial breaks, the full movie El misterio de la felicidad has a duration of 99 minutes; the official trailer can be watched in streaming on the Internet. You can watch this full movie free in English or Spanish in movie TV channels, renting the DVD or with VoD services (Video On Demand player, Hulu) and PPV (Pay Per View, Netflix).
See the page of this full movie, El misterio de la felicidad in FULLTV Movies.


text:
Month: February 2012
Om Nom Nom: Walkers' Scottie-Shaped Cookies Feed the ASPCA's Piggy Bank
In my animal house, shortbread is one of those irresistible items that beg to be devoured in one sitting. And with an ASPCA tie-in, Walkers just bumped itself to the top of our shortbread shortlist.
Novartis Quality Problems and Plant Closure Cause Headaches for Vets and Pets
Veterinary medicine has been plagued by product shortages and recalls since the day I entered the field. Supply and production issues at factories combined with...
Dogs Against Romney The Official Site of Dogs Against Romney founded 2007. Hi, I'm Rusty. Mitt Romney is mean to dogs. Help me get my...
NC Cop Who Was Caught on Video Kicking and Brutally Yanking Dog May Get Job Back
(2-11-12: Story updated with information on dog-handling techniques.) Remember back in 2007 when footage came out showing a North Carolina cop yanking and kicking the...
Simone Reyes Talks to Us About Losing Her Beloved Dog, Cassidy, and Memorializing Him In Ink
Simone Reyesbegan her rise to fame as theassistant to hip-hop mogul Russell Simmons. On the Oxygen reality show Running Russell Simmons, television audiences fell in...
Dogster's Style Picks of the Week: For the Four-Pawed Loves of Your Life
Valentine's Day is just around the corner, and I couldn't be more excited. It happens to be one of my favorite holidays all year! How...
Ramen Head
He looks like 90s Justin Timberlake ...
Puppy Pile
Look at dat cute potato ...
Don't vacuum my neck fat
Stop. ...
Good morning son
Did you have a good day at school? ...
Caught on Video: Dramatic Rescue of Dog Who Fell Through Ice in Colorado
Very unfortunate update below A dog who bolted from his owner while on a walk near the Smith Reservoir in Lakewood, Colo., would probably be...
Let's Talk: Where Do You Buy Your Dog's Goodies, and What Do You Look For?
I was chatting with Dogster's terrifico Managing Editor, Janine Kahn, the other day, and the subject of where we get our dogs' treats, toys, leashes,...
Politicos Calls for FDA to Speed Up Investigation of Chicken Jerky Treats from China
We've been writing in recent years about what seem to be the terrible, sometimes deadly, effects of some chicken jerky treats made in China. Our...
Seven Major Health Concerns for Senior Dogs
The senior years are a fun and rewarding time with your dog, especially if you understand the changing wellness issues at paw.
My Dog Has a New Boyfriend, and She Didn't Even Have to Join OKCupid!
His name is Jack, short for Black Jack. He's a German Shepherd Dog, and from the moment my beloved GSD Desiree spotted him across the grassy park lawn, she was smitten.
Dogpile: Dog Stands on Things
Little Dog Lost in Connecticut, and the Dogsters Working to Bring Him Home
TKTK Please take a look at this story and see how one little dog has affected a great number of people. The story continues as...
Dog Lovers Have a Beef with McDonald's Over Radio Spot
Hey guys, did you know that eating McDonald's McBites is less risky than petting a stray Pit Bull? McDonald's says so itself in the first...
E.B. White's Awesome Letter to the Authorities About His "Harbored" Dog
Ever had a frustrating situation dealing with authorities and not known how to handle it? Before you have to face this again, you need to...
Can We Have a Discussion About BSL Without Seeing Red?
I am no fan of Breed-Specific Legislation (BSL), which is exactly what it sounds like — legislation that generally involves banning or severely limiting pet...
Ask a Vet: What Is the Lump on My Dog's Belly?
Hello, Dr. Barchas, I noticed a small round lump on my dog's belly. It's very firm and faded white. It could have pus in it,...
Dogster Site Updates: We're Making Beautiful Pawgress
Hey, Dogsters, We know we pawromised you the site would be updated by now, but we've decided there's no reason to rush what has become...
Ron Swanson vs. Puppy
Everybody wins. ...
Lovely Corgi
Look at dat baby. ...
A Fistful of Fox Pup
D'awwm he's so precious :O ...
Cute Hoodie
Look at dat pup. ...
How to Deal with Discoid Lupus in Dogs
One of my favorite things about being part of the Dogster community is getting feedback from our excellent readers I especially love it when a...
Pug Train with Corgi Engine
Choo choo! ...
Lost Oregon Family Considered Eating Their Pit Bull
An Oregon couple and their 25-year-old son were picking mushrooms in the densely wooded Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest when they became lost. Badly lost. They...


text:
OVERLAND PARK, Kan. – Ryan Lawn & Tree has purchased Reid Irrigation. In the interim, the company will continue to operate as Reid Irrigation. Founder Gene Reid will manage and develop Ryan's business model for its irrigation department.
"We are thrilled to partner with Reid Irrigation and to learn from Gene," said Larry Ryan, Ryan Lawn & Tree president. "Gene has an extensive understanding of irrigation services, and we are lucky to have him as a resource. We look forward to meeting our new customers and helping them grow the best lawns, trees and shrubs."
Ryan's college educated experts plan irrigation systems – more efficient and effective than hand watering – to address the specific needs of clients' landscapes..
Known for exceptional customer service, Ryan Lawn & Tree is a top 50, nationally ranked company by Lawn and Landscape Magazine.


text:
The crystal and pewter decanter is a distinguished container for your finest spirits. The heft of the pewter is set off by the delicate, sparkling crystal body. Crystal has a higher index of refraction and consequently a much greater sheen than glass. The crystal has been affixed to the hand cast pewter bottom with an adhesive that has been cured through an ultraviolet light process that binds the two materials permanently. Pewter was the material of choice for dishware and decoration in ancient Egyptian and Roman society. Unlike other metals and alloys, pewter requires very little upkeep. It does not tarnish like silver or bronze, and in fact looks better with heavy use, as oils from our hands bring out the natural sheen and tone of the pewter. The composition of pewter is 88-92% tin, mixed with small amounts of copper and antimony (a grey metalloid). This Italian made pewter is proudly stamped with the number "95" to signify that it is 95% tin. Owner and designer David Reiss founded Match Pewter in 1995, and was one of the first to introduce high-quality European pewter to the American market. He designed this crystal and pewter decanter as a longtime bourbon aficionado to hold his finest whiskeys.
To protect the delicate crystal, store the decanter where it won't touch other items. When cleaning the glass portion, use only warm water and rinse with warm water as well—quick changes in temperature can cause cracking and clouding. Do not soak in water for extended periods of time. Dry immediately after washing with a lint-free cloth to avoid streaks. If your crystal breaks and you can save it, use a clear-drying epoxy made especially for glass and glue it back together. Then, set it in the sun for a bit to help the bonding process. Pewter is a soft metal with a low melting point, therefore it should not be placed near sources of high or extreme heat. In general, pewter tarnishes very slowly and requires almost no maintenance. If your pewter requires polishing, most formulas made for metals will suffice. Hand-wash your pewter in warm water with a liquid dish soap. Be sure to dry the pewter completely. Water allowed to dry on your pewter may cause spots. If spots occur, they can be easily removed by polishing or by gently rubbing the area in small circular motions with our Extra Fine Steel Wool Pad.
David Reiss is an American designer trained at Rhode Island School of Design. He fell in love with the old soul of pewter on a trip to Lombardy, Italy, and felt the pewter products he had seen abroad were exceptional in quality and aesthetic, markedly different from what was then available in the United States, so he started his company, Match Pewter, in 1995 and to bring Italian pewter to the American market. Every one of these pitchers are handmade in Lombardy, with FDA approved pewter, which is food-safe and contains no lead.
Crystal decanter with hand cast pewter bottom, stamped with the trademarks and quality seals of the pewter artisans. Pairs with our Crystal & Pewter Rocks Glass. Holds 32 fluid ounces. Handmade in Italy.
4.7 inches x 8.3 inches
(11.9 cm x 21 cm)
Weighs 2.4 lbs. (1.1 kgs)
Holds 32 fluid ounces (946 ml)
Made in
Key points
- Classic decanter for storing spirits
- Sparkling crystal reflects light
- Pewter is food safe and lead free, FDA approved
- Heavy pewter base stamped with the marks of the artisans
AHAlife is committed to help you live a conscious and inspired life.
Many of the items you discover here are exclusive to AHAlife, which is what makes our community of designers and artisans so special.
If you find one of our products anywhere else for less than it's being sold on our site, we will match it. No questions asked.
Our dedicated Concierge Team is here to help. Reach out any time at:


text: Opinion News Analysis Questioning Candidates on Foreign Policy June 1, 2008 What is the purpose of interrogating our candidates about their future foreign policy? The shifting sands of geopolitics and rapid changes on the ground make much of the speculation futile. Questioning Candidates on Foreign Policy Listen Toggle more options Download Embed Embed <iframe src="https://www.npr.org/player/embed/91041033/91040991" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" title="NPR embedded audio player"> Transcript


text:
At 3 p.m. after we could only get her to eat a slice of ham, and fed her sweet potato baby food thru a syringe, we took her again to the ER to see if there was anything we could do. The ER doc was great, Dr. Saldana. She examined Holly, palpitated her tummy to see if it was pancreatis. Did BW, we opted to have it done in house so it would come back in an hour. Went to dinner at Fridays, and they called. BW was stable.
Creatine was 1.4, BUN was 50, lowest it's been. And this was about 9 hours AFTER her subQ fluids.
So her kidney values were good. The vet suggested trying to get her to eat anything and keep her on the meds. She also gave me a stronger appetite stimulant and a probiotic.
Took her home, she was perky, anxious to get home. She ate another slice of ham, we did the last of teh sweet potato baby food, and fed her the probiotic and last of the meds.
at 1:30 a.m. she woke up, whining. DH took her outside, then she came back and drank TONS of water, I mean an alarming amount. Then she threw up. It was mostly water and some pieces of ham.
For the rest of the night, she slept on our bed until 7 a.m. no water, no vomiting. We did not sleep, of course.
This morning, DH gave her the fluids, and then we gave her the pills with nutracal, including the prilosec. We gave her a little baby food (apples carrots). Then about an hour later, before DH left for the train park, we fed her more baby food (this is after she did not want to eat anything). He left, she perked up, tail up, wanted to walk.
I walked her across the street and she pooped, messy, loose, but shaped. It was orange, smelly. Then I walked her and she really wanted to walk.
On the way back, she was dragging, tail down again. Barely jumped up onto the patio to get into the house.
I gave her the slurry at 10 a.m. and she burped.
So I don't know. Again, we are in the dark. She perks up for about 10 minutes after you give her baby food, then she's lethergatic and tail down again. She's drinking water, which we thought was to help with the acid in her stomach. not eating.
She threw up Wed. April 12 at 3 a.m. after we fed her the roast beef and KD, and Sat. April 15 at 1:30 am. after drinking a lot of water.
If the renal values were very high, I'd say it was the kidney failure. But they aren't, not even after hours later from giving her fluids.
She seems to get getting worse, not better.
I thought maybe stomach cancer or pancreatitis. But she has no blood in her vomit, and I suspect the vomiting this a.m. was from drinking too much too fast, which dogs can do. And she isn't tender in her abdomen (the vet checked).
I guess all we can do is try to coax her into eating, and if she's still worse on Monday, get an ultrasound done. The US will show if she has a mass in her colon, stomach, whatever.
I'm supposed to take her and Cookie to the groomer at 11:30. She likes Lauren, who grooms at home. But I'm waffling. If she's not doing a little better in an hour, I will leave her home.
1:34 p.m. I cooked lean ground beef and she ate a couple of small pieces around 11. But she was moping around, tail down, so I decided to leave her home while I took Cookie into Lauren. Lo and behold, Holly trotted over when I got the leash, and her tail was up. She wanted to come, too.
So at 11:30 I dropped both of them off, told Lauren if Holly throws up or they have a problem, to call me right away and I'd get her. And I asked to take her home soon as she was done. I just picked her up. Tail up, more energy. Even played with her toy when she got home! So I decided to try feeding her a little. NO kd, she wouldn't touch it, but she ate about a tablespoon of hamburger, grease blotted from it, and almost a cube of watermelon. And I fed her some ginger and pumpkin mix for dogs and she lapped up about a tablespoon. NO APPETITE STIMULANT.
I'll try again in a while. She had a huge burp after the pumpkin.
2 p.m. I gave her the appetite stimuland, since she didn't want to eat. She was shivering a little, kinda. Lying on her pillow. She greeted Cookie at teh door when we got home from the groomer.
She went for a walk, tail wagging. Her tummy was gurgling after she ate a little.
Smoene on the canine cancer loop suggested I give the carafate BEFORE feeding her to coat her tummy. If she has sores on her throat and tummy, it might help. Will try tonight at 6 p.m.
Well, we tried the slurry carafate at 6:15. We had grilled ribs for dinner, she begged us with those big puppy eyes. No way. DH bought low salt turkey, and she ate a little of that. All of this is hand feeding. Then about an hour after the carafate, she ate about 1/4 cup of Greek yogurt.
We gave her the probiotic with about a tablespoon of balony, which she liked, all in small pieces. And then syringe fed baby food, about two squirts, at 8 p.m. The last two pills are the omnistradon and the metachopmide.
I am really worn out. One day at a time. I am praying that tomorrow her appetite picks up a little. She did show spurts of energy today, including around 5 when I took her for a long walk while Dh went to the grocery store. But then she was lagging on teh way back and panting. She drank water when she came into the house, but not much, which is good. We believe the copious water drinking last night at 1:30 was due to the salty ham.


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While modern criminology has at its roots many of the philosophies espoused by Aristotle and his mentor, Plato, the ideas that set the stage for its rapid development can be found in the same concepts that brought about the American and French revolutions.

The idea of the social contract, which late Renaissance and revolutionary period writers understood to describe the role and function of government, brought about resistance towards the abuses by the ruling authorities of the time.

Read about the Early History of Criminology

Modern Criminology and the Secular Society

The kings and queens of those times claimed their totalitarian authority on the will of God, claiming to have been placed in power by God and therefore acting within His will. Crimes against persons, property, and state were all viewed as crimes against God and as sins.

Monarchs claimed to be both of head of state and head of church. Punishment was often swift and cruel, with little regard for the criminal.

As the notion of separation of church and state began to take root, ideas about crime and punishment took a more secular and humanistic form. Modern-day criminology developed out of the study of sociology.

At its core, modern criminologists seek to learn the root causes of crime and to determine how best to address it and to prevent it. Early criminologists advocated a rational approach to dealing with crime, pushing against the abuses by governmental authorities.

A Call for Reason in Modern Criminology

The Italian writer Cesare Beccaria, in his book On Crime and Punishment, advocated for a fixed scale of crime and corresponding punishment based on the severity of the crime. He suggested that the more severe the crime, the more severe the punishment should be.

Beccaria believed that the role of judges should be limited to determining guilt or innocence, and that they should issue punishments based on the guidelines set out by the legislatures. Excessive punishments and abusive judges would be eliminated.

Beccaria also believed that preventing crime was more important than punishing it. Therefore, punishment of crime should serve to scare others away from committing those crimes.

The thought was that the assurance of swift justice would convince someone otherwise likely to commit a crime to think first about the potential consequences.

The Link Between Demographics and Crime

Criminology developed further as sociologists tried to learn the root causes of crime. They studied both the environment and the individual.

With the first publication of national crime statistics in France in 1827, Belgian statistician Adolphe Quetelet looked at similarities between demographics and crime rates. He compared areas where a higher rate of crime occurred, as well as the age and gender of those who committed crimes.

He found that the highest numbers of crime were committed by under-educated, poor, younger males. He also found that more crimes were committed in wealthier, more affluent geographical areas.

However, the highest rates of crime occurred in those wealthy areas that were physically closest to poorer regions, suggesting that poor individuals would go to wealthier areas to commit crimes.

This demonstrated that crime occurred largely as a result of opportunity and showed a strong correlation between economic status, age, education, and crime.

The Link Between Biology, Psychology, and Crime

In the late 19th century, Italian psychiatrist Cesare Lombroso studied cause of crime based on individual biological and psychological characteristics. Most notably, he suggested that most career criminals were not as evolved as other members of society.

Lombrosso discovered certain physical attributes shared among criminals that lead him to believe there was a biological and hereditary element that contributed to an individual's potential to commit a crime.

Modern Criminology

These two lines of thinking, biological and environmental, have evolved to complement each other, recognizing both internal and external factors that contribute to the causes of crime.

The two schools of thought formed what is today considered the discipline of modern criminology. Criminologists now study societal, psychological and biological factors. They make policy recommendations to governments, courts and police organizations to assist in preventing crimes.

As these theories were being developed, the evolution of the modern police force and of our criminal justice system was occurring as well.

The purpose of police was refined to prevent and detect crimes, as opposed to simply react to crimes already committed. The criminal justice system now serves to punish criminals for the purpose of deterring future crimes.

Career Potentials in Criminology

Criminology has emerged as a highly diversified field, which contains elements of sociology, biology, and psychology.

Careers for those who study criminology include police officers, researchers, crime scene and forensic lab technicians, lawyers, judges, security professionals, and psychologists.

The field of criminology continues to grow, and you can find career opportunities in almost any area of interest you may have.


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A man stranded in flowing water in the Salt River bottom had to be rescued by a police helicopter last week.
Mesa police spokesman Steve Berry said last Thursday evening around 7:40 P.M. rescue units were called to an area of the Salt River just north of Sloan Park after a person out for a walk heard someone calling for help.
Once crews arrived they saw a man perched on some debris and stranded by flowing water in the river bottom, said Berry. Due to recent rain, the river is flowing at a substantial rate.
Rescuers decided to use the police helicopter to get to the man and hover over him, said Berry. The man was, "able to hold onto the skid of the helicopter and was lifted to safety and put down on the shoreline where officers and medics assisted," said Berry.
Although cold and wet, the man was uninjured. Officers learned the man is a transient living in the river bottom and was caught off guard by the release of water from dams upstream.
He told police that he had created a small raft to try and retrieve his belonging from an island in the river when he was swept away by the rushing water, said Berry. He said that due to the current he was unable to make it back to shore.


text: Hello, I just got two droids today. One is working perfectly. The other I activated but after about an hour it stopped working and doesnt get a signal. I tried to reactivate by calling *228 but it doest ever complete. I did a factory reset and still nothing. Anyone have any ideas? Thanks.


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Purity Vodka CEO Andy Glaser to Step Down
NEW YORK, Dec. 9, 2014 /PRNewswire/ — Purity Vodka AB, one of the fastest growing ultra-premium vodkas in the world, today announced that its Global President and CEO Andy Glaser would be leaving the company at the end of 2014. Glaser joined Purity three and half years ago.
During his time the start-up has grown quickly to become to a multi-million dollar revenue business, developed an award-winning brand and expanded distribution to 16 states in the US. In 2013, Purity was named a Technomic "Fast 50" – Brand to Watch. In 2014, the company launched a groundbreaking digital campaign with the actor Joel McHale.
"I am proud of the progress we have made as a small and fast growing business in the US and Internationally towards our vision of being a leading ultra-premium vodka brand," said Glaser. "I've learned a lot about working in a start-up and entrepreneurial environment. I look forward to applying this to my next venture."
During Glaser's time with Purity, he led the brand's development to become a pre-eminent category player in the emerging ultra-premium vodka space, with the brand reaching more than 95 Gold Medals for its Quality and Taste. On December 4, Purity was once again crowned Grand Vodka Master by The Spirits Business, continuing its unparalleled run as the only brand to receive this extraordinary honor for four consecutive years.
"I would like to thank Andy for his leadership and commitment in building our company from a small start-up to a rapidly developing and fast growing business, particularly in the USA," said Purity Vodka Chairman, Goran Bernhoff. "Our progress is being recognized at many levels in the spirits industry and Andy's contributions have been instrumental to get us to this point."
Effective Dec. 9, 2014, the company's Board of Directors has appointed Brian Citron, who formerly served as Vice President of Sales for Purity, as General Manager of the US business. Glaser will stay on through December 31 to support the transition.
Purity® Vodka has been awarded more than 95 Gold Medals by experts in the top blind tasting competitions around the world and is the first brand to earn the title of 'Grand Vodka Master' four years in a row at the Spirits Business Vodka Masters. With its heritage based in the 13th century Ellinge Castle in southern Sweden, Purity® Vodka sprang from Master Blender Thomas Kuuttanen's lifelong quest to redefine the vodka category. The heart of Purity® Vodka is distilled 34 times using a specially designed still made of copper and gold, creating a spirit so refined that no filtration is necessary.


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Gulbenkian Tickets & Information
01227 769075
University of Kent,
|Sat 25 Nov
|Call Me By Your Name (15)
|Sat 25 Nov
|Main feature: Tyrannosaur
|Sat 25 Nov
|Short: Leaving (cert tbc)
|Sat 25 Nov
|Short: The Children Next Door (cert tbc)
|Sun 26 Nov
|Call Me By Your Name (15)
|Sun 26 Nov
|The Death of Stalin (15)
The battle for Ninjago City calls to action young Lloyd, aka the Green Ninja, along with his friends, who are all secret warriors and LEGO Master Builders.
Anyone over a certain age – or not a parent – may not know what Ninjago is. More fool them, because they will have missed out on Lego's crazy action characters. In this big-screen Ninjago adventure, the battle for Ninjago City calls to action young Lloyd, aka the Green Ninja, along with his friends, who are all secret warriors and LEGO Master Builders.
|Sun 26 Nov 2017
Ticketing: £1.00 - £9.70
By car: Situated on the campus of the University of Kent. Follow the A2/M2 towards Dover and turn off onto the A28 towards Canterbury. Continue up to a large roundabout and follow the signs to 'The University'. When on the University's campus, follow the signs to the Gulbenkian Theatre. A map is available to download from their website.
By train: The closest BR train station is Canterbury West. From there, buses are available by Westgate to take you onto the University's campus. From the University drop off point, follow the signs towards the library and the Cornwallis buildings and on to the theatre.
By bus: A regular bus service operates from Canterbury City Centre to the University. For details telephone Travel Line on 0871 200 2233. Unibus 08702 433 711 www.stagecoachbus.com/eastkent
Free parking is available to Gulbenkian customers after 5pm on weekdays and all day at weekends in any University car park.
with charge
: 2 miles from Canterbury West station


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Handpicked brands for you
Turn the mountains on this Feb. 22 with @snocru at the 2014 #SquawValleyProm | Get your tickets today at (squawvalleyprom.com) | #snocru #DiamondsInTheSky #High5ives


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Win Dicks Cottons Sunglasses!/
Celebrities and sunglasses are a classic pair, and this summer Dicks Cottons is teaming up with Bridgit Mendler for a collaboration we can't wait to see. The "Undateable" star and Platinum-selling singer will share her signature style in shade form with three Dicks Cottons designs specifically for women that cost under $50 each.
To celebrate, and to ensure that you have a few pairs of sunglasses in your summer style arsenal, we're giving away the three pairs pictured above. These stunners are inspired by a love of travel and far-flung destinations around the world. The Dicks Cottons motto is simple: "Be happy, live comfortably." We're in.
Enter here to win one of three giveaway pairs (L to R): Bangers Music Festival Sunglasses, Bangers Spring Break Keyhole Wayfarers or Benson High Noon Oversized Square Wayfarers. Three random winners will hear from us next week!


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SCARY KILLER CLOWN SCARES KIDS! This new craze in the US and the UK is CRAZY! We bought a clown mask to show Leo and Noah that clowns aren't scary and their reaction was amazing! We were so surprised!
IF YOU LIKE OUR CHANNEL PLEASE SUBSCRIBE! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7ZgcoGpVKl5uoa1umnAQag?sub_confirmation=1
Latest video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SEqsmfVsAJ0
NEW BELGIUM HOUSE TOUR! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8GA1SmPdgx0
We recently moved abroad (to Brussels, Belgium)! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xjSSZkG1KtM
We came 4th in the CVX Live 2016 contest! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMnaNGVFiT4
Hello! We are the Wilky Ways and we love having fun as a family!
We upload new, fun family videos every week: challenges, Q&As, parks, vlogs, baking, experiments, holidays, travelling, playing and spending time together as a family!
We are a British family (Ethan, Joanna, Leo and Noah) currently living in Europe!
The Wilky Ways


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Fashion On Demand
Since its inception the music video has shaped what we wear and how we wear it.
"Would Madonna have happened without MTV?" asked John Sykes, a music industry veteran who was part of the pioneering team that launched the music cable...
To access this article, click here to subscribe or click here to log in.
Tap into our Global Network
Of Industry Leaders and Designers


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We will be in San Sebastian three nights in June. My husband will eat anything, but I am very unadventurous. I looked at the menus of the restaurants we were recommended such as Bodegon Alejandro, Urepel, and Kokotxa and all the "menus" feature veal cheeks, wood pigeon, turbot, hake.....all of which I don't eat.
We plan on eating Pinxtos a couple of nights, and I think I will be able to find enough to eat.
Any other restaurants in that same price range with a wide range of choices would be appreciated.


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At Compass Pointe, you will feel as though you are retreating to your own private island while strolling down the winding streetscapes, adorned with stately pine trees and swaying palmettos. This resort style community is 2,200 acres of pristine nature with quality-built homes, natural water features, and amenities conveniently placed throughout. With...more about Compass Pointe
Leland, NC Real Estate and Homes
Brunswick County is one of the fastest growing counties in the nation and Leland, NC, known as the Gateway to Brunswick County, is one of the fastest growing communities in southeastern North Carolina. You will find Leland, NC just across the Cape Fear River from Wilmington, NC which is in New Hanover County. The easy access to Wilmington, NC from Leland, NC is attractive to those who love the arts, entertainment and conveniences available in a city but prefer to live in a quieter, more laid back environment. A U.S. Highway 17 bypass which is in the process of being built will allow access to Leland directly from Interstate 40 without the need to travel through Wilmington. The impact of this bypass can only contribute to the fast growing population.
In 2004 the town doubled its size by annexing Brunswick Forest, a 4,900-acre tract which is it the fastest growing community in the Coastal South and has the amenities of a small town itself. Here you will a 40,000-square-foot medical office building operated by New Hanover Regional Medical Center; a 44,000-square-foot Lowe's Foods grocery store and a major retail, professional and entertainment center at the community's entrance. You will also find 18 holes of Championship golf at Cape Fear National, a Fitness and Wellness Center, a Community Commons, a River Club and more than 100 miles of paths and trails. You can choose from a wide range of prices and lifestyle options, from low-maintenance luxury town homes to home sites and spacious custom homes. All of this is just 10 minutes south of Historic Downtown Wilmington.
Other housing developments you can explore include Waterford of the Carolinas, Magnolia Greens, The Bluff on the Cape Fear, Palm Cove of the Carolinas, Lanville Trace, Snee Farm, Hunter's Ridge, Rices Creek Estate, Creeks Edge, Brunswick River Estates, Westgate and Wisteria Place, a "green" neighborhood. These developments all provide you with quality housing choices. You will find these in the Leland area which also includes the small towns of Belville, NC, Bolivia, NC, Winnabow, NC, Navassa, NC and Supply, NC.
Along the U. S. 17 corridor through Leland, NC you will find national chain stores like Wal-Mart as well as grocery stores and national and local restaurants. You can shop in wine shops, florists, thrift stores, jewelers, art stores, antiques stores and many other venues that are constantly being added. These conveniences add to the draw of living in Leland, NC without having to travel to Wilmington, NC for everything you need.


text: Reply To: Speex audio About XMTV Player › Forums › Help and Support › Speex audio › Reply To: Speex audio 18 August 2014 at 06:20 #312 supportKeymaster thanks for all suggestions, you are right libspeex is no compiled in binaries. We also will include them soon. support August 18th, 2014


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Southern Illinois Salukis vs. North Texas Mean Green - 12/12/15 College Basketball Pick, Odds, and Prediction
North Texas Mean Green (2-6) at Southern Illinois Salukis (8-2)
College Basketball: Saturday, December 12, 2015 at 8:00 pm (SIU Arena)
The Line: Southern Illinois Salukis -13 -- Over/Under: See the Latest Odds
The North Texas Mean Green visit the Southern Illinois Salukis for the second straight meeting between the schools.
The North Texas Mean Green opened the year with back to back subdivision squads but have since gone in to a funk with six consecutive defeats where too many points have been allowed. The Mean Green struggled at both ends of the floor in a 95-63 loss to Southern Illinois. UNT fell behind early and were never able to recover despite decent 46% shooting because SIU was hitting at over 60%. A 2-18 mark from long range and 16 turnovers which were nails in the coffin. J-Mychal Reese was the Mean Green's lone double digit scorer with ten points on 4-12 with Carrington Ward and Deckie Johnson scoring eight points apiece. Overall eleven players saw the floor and ten scored.
USA TODAY Sports
The Southern Illinois Salukis might be one of the surprise teams in the early going with the knack of doing what is needed to get the win. The Salukis improved to 8-1 wit their third consecutive victory after downing North Texas 95-63 where they jumped to a 17 point lead at the half and kept their foot down until the final buzzer. This was all about shooting the basketball and SIU was outstanding at 68% including 10-15 from beyond the arc. Anthony Beane Jr. led all scorers with 27 points on 11-14 with Mike Rodriguez tossing in 12 on 3-5. Sean O'Brien netted ten points on 4-7 from the floor and Tyler Smithpeters chipped in with nine points. Of the 12 players that scored only one hit at less then 50%.
I don't see any trends that would convince me to back either side over the other. The eye test says North Texas is having problems and Southern Illinois is doing great. I hate backing a team at big chalk after they just beat the same opponent but to me I don't have anything that says do otherwise but I just don't like it….


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Follow @11points
11 Lists From Year Two of 11 Points That, Sadly, Never Found Love
written by Sam Greenspan
Friday was my website's two year anniversary. And had I not blown up my entire content management system trying to put up a redesign (which is now way, way back on the drawing board), I would've posted this on time. Instead I dated it as if it went up on Friday when it was supposed to. And I guess if you're reading this anytime but Tuesday, June 15, 2010, this entire paragraph was unnecessary. But I'm living in the now, baby.
Last year I did
11 Lists From Year One of 11Points That Deserve More Love
... this year I've softened my stance a bit. I'm not suggesting they
more love... just that I'm sad they never found love. I gave birth to about 160 children this year, and these 11 never found their Mr. Darcies.
The good news: Last year's criteria for a list not getting love was under 10,000 views... and I'm proud to report that I never have that happen to a list anymore. This year the criteria is under 100,000. And, to paraphrase Disco Stu, next year, if these trends continue, aaaaaay.
A sad disappointment with the Boyz.
11 Best Deep-Voiced Boyz II Men Monologues
- I was pretty sure this was the list that was going to make my website a household name. I thought it was a deep-voiced gold mine, smoothed out on the R&B tip. Instead, it barely cracked 42,000 views -- which means it had basically no viral spread at all. This wasn't Boyz II Men, this was Another Bad Creation.
My biggest disappointment of the year
, hands down.
11 Best Nude Moments in Old School Nintendo Games
- Nostalgia, Nintendo and sex... I mean, how does anyone NOT click to see what's on this list? I just don't understand.
There are no breasts like 8-bit, heavily-pixelated breasts.
All square and boxy and lumpy, they're like the inspiration for every plastic surgeon in Mexico.
11 Surprising Things That Give You Gas
- Apparently, my readership isn't as gassy as I thought. So... uh... good on you.
(Bad on me.)
Now THIS guy's interesting.
11 Questions With Patrick Deep Dish Bertoletti, the World's 2nd-Ranked Competitive Eater
- I know my
aren't a particularly beloved genre... the numbers make that abundantly clear... but this interview was amazing. Patrick talked with be about stuff that, I think, people would find fascinating -- training for competitive eating bouts, how he feels afterward,
how much money competitive eaters make, even if they have groupies
11 Weirdest Super Bowl XLIV Prop Bets (All of Which I Actually Made)
- I thought that placing $121 in real bets on absurd Super Bowl minutiae like "Star Spangled Banner" time and number of guitar windmills by The Who would raise the stakes. This list did OK (and led to some of my favorite Twitter conversations ever during the game itself), but,
as my highest-budget list ever, I was kinda hoping for more.
At least I recouped some of the money. And was smart enough not to bet it on the Cavs.
11 Ways I'd Fix (and Save) the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
- I'm mostly disappointed it didn't blow up huge and find its way into the hands of the Rock Hall higher-ups.
I had delusions of grandeur floating in my head
that they'd read it, realize the error of their ways, make all the changes I suggested, then name a wing or a hall of the museum after me. Maybe the Wings Wing or the Daryl Hall.
11 Most Dangerous Holidays for Driving
- I was disappointed here because I ran an actual, original statistical analysis and thought that maybe I could crack through to the 24-hour news cycle with this. I mean -- those people need a ton of crap to talk about, my study certainly could've qualified. I think perhaps my credibility is hurt by, ya know, this being a comedy site that employs
a giant, hot pink font
Don't you want to pick your own adorable baby?
11 Techniques to Pick a Baby's Gender, From Most to Least Effective
- I felt like there was some really interesting stuff in here.
Maybe the title seemed prohibitively scientific. Or people don't want to play God.
Either way.
11 Greatest Parodies Of We Are The World
- This was one of my favorite ones to research, and one that I still go back to on occasion. I'm going to go ahead and blame the awful "We are the World" reboot for this list's failure.
The "We are the World" reboot made the "Clash of the Titans" reboot look like a good idea.
11 Foods That Just Might Kill Your Sex Drive
- This one (unlike the dangerous/safe holiday ones) actually did get mentioned on several local news channels and radio shows. Unfortunately, very few of them actually made mention of 11 Points, so that didn't lead to web traffic.
Old media and new media really don't know how to trade eyeballs back and forth.
Old media forgets to give shout-outs to websites... new media hosts absurdly intrusive ads for movies that pop up over the content.
11 Funny Graphs About Twitter
- So this is a little against the rules, since this one did clear the minimum threshold -- but it had to scrap and claw to get there. And based on how I thought it would perform -- ya know,
I kind of figured it would get retweeted like Justin Bieber saying "I'm going to sleep"
-- it was a tremendous disappointment.
OK. This walk down memory lane to the crazy day that WAS June 11, 2010 is over. Tomorrow, we go back... to the present. (Which is much easier than the future. You can get there in an AMC Pacer going 55 mph.)
This post was originally published on Friday, June 11, 2010 at 11:00:00 AM under the category
11 Lists From 2009 That I Most Enjoyed Writing
11 Lists From Year One of 11Points That Deserve More Love
11 Points to Wrap Up the First Year of 11 Points
11 Things We Say in Our Late 20s We Didn't Say in Our Early 20s
11 Things College Freshman Should Expect During That First Thanksgiving Back Home
Archive of all Personal posts
Who Has Held More Jobs: Super Mario or Homer Simpson?
Published Thursday, September 7, 2017 at 11:00:00 AM under the category
The 11 Funniest Words in the World, According to Science
Published Thursday, August 10, 2017 at 11:00:00 AM under the category
11 Textbook Writers Who Temporarily Lost Their Minds
Published Wednesday, July 26, 2017 at 10:00:00 AM under the category
A Ban on Everclear Grain Alcohol Is Bad News... For the Violin Industry?
Published Thursday, July 6, 2017 at 11:00:00 AM under the category
Food & Drink
11 Pairs of Classic Movies That Were Surprisingly Released on the Same Day ('90-'94)
Published Thursday, June 22, 2017 at 11:00:00 AM under the category
11 One-Hit Wonders Whose One Hit Was a Cover
Published Friday, June 9, 2017 at 11:00:00 AM under the category
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Maybe we live in a world with a little too much social media? Girl, I think you just blew *YOURSELF* up on the internet, instead of any of those poor, polite donut employees. Enjoy your Coolatta!
"This shit's about to go live, bitch. Right on Facebook," Chapman announces. "'Cause I already posted what your dumb ass did last night. So I hope you're happy with your little fucking sand nigger self. Cause I'm about to nuke your whole fucking planet from Mars. You think ya'll are tough big fat Arabs bombin' the Trade Center? I'll show you tough." —Taylor Chapman, Fort Lauderdale, FL


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Geórgia Contogoulas
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Geórgia has 20+ years experience in real estate finance, with particular focus on debt raising and structured transactions.
In her role at CBRE Hotels Geórgia assists clients to identify the most suitable debt package and leverage structure to support their business plan and investment objectives. Working closely with the Corporate Finance team Geórgia acts as debt advisor to hotel investors and sponsors, and sources, arranges and negotiates loans on their behalf. Geórgia works with clients in the context of acquisitions, refinancing and joint ventures, advising on availability of debt, potential lenders to approach and achievable debt terms. Her experience ranges from arranging Senior loans through to Mezzanine, Whole loans and CMBS transactions and working on bi-laterals, club deals and syndicated loans provided by banks, institutional capital lenders and debt funds.
Prior to CBRE Hotels Geórgia was an Investment Banker at Rothschild Bank in London, where she advised clients on a variety of debt and equity transactions, including acting as independent adviser to the Chairman of the Board of the Kings Cross Partnership, advising Shell UK on the sale of Shell Centre to Canary Wharf Group and Qatari Diar, and assisting Peel Holdings on capital structure and debt restructuring in connection with their outlet retail development in Gloucester Quays. Whilst at Rothschild she also advised clients on a number of debt restructurings after the 2008 financial crisis and raised £135m of acquisition finance from Deutsche Bank for a HNWI acquiring an office tower in Canary Wharf during the paralysis of the UK debt markets in 2009/2010.
Prior to Rothschild Geórgia spent 7 years at the Real Estate Finance team of EY in London, where she focused on occupation strategy for large corporates and sale and leaseback transactions.
After graduating as a Civil and Industrial Engineer in Brazil, Geórgia worked for several years in Project Management of large hospitality projects in Brazil, and subsequently received an MBA from London Business School with a focus on Finance.


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Animal rights activist Sierra Nakamura never expected to stumble upon the dead body of a coworker while out filming a project. She definitely never expected to get involved in the investigation. But when someone threatens to kill her cats unless she hands over the "information," she becomes more bristly than an angry feline.
Sierra knows that curiosity killed the cat, but she's determined that her snooping will ultimately save the lives of her furry friends. Making matters worse is the fact that her cats—and the investigation—are driving a wedge between her and her boyfriend Chad.
With every answer she uncovers, old hurts rise to the surface and test her beliefs.
She also knows that if she lies down with dogs, she'll get up with fleas. Saving her cats just might mean ruining everything else in her life. In the fight for survival, one thing is certain: It's either pounce or be pounced.


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This content will become publicly available on December 9, 2015
Nanoscale origins of the damage tolerance of the high-entropy alloy CrMnFeCoNi
Damage tolerance can be an elusive characteristic of structural materials requiring both high strength and ductility, properties that are often mutually exclusive. High-entropy alloys are of interest in this regard. Specifically, the single-phase CrMnFeCoNi alloy displays tensile strength levels ofB1GPa, excellent ductility (~60 70%) and exceptional fracture toughness (KJIc > 200MPa√m). Here through the use of in situ straining in an aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope, we report on the salient atomistic to micro-scale mechanisms underlying the origin of these properties. We identify a synergy of multiple deformation mechanisms, rarely achieved in metallic alloys, which generates high strength, work hardening and ductility, including the easy motion of Shockley partials, their interactions to form stacking-fault parallelepipeds, and arrest at planar slip bands of undissociated dislocations. As a result, we further show that crack propagation is impeded by twinned, nanoscale bridges that form between the near-tip crack faces and delay fracture by shielding the crack tip.
- Authors:
- Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou (China)
- Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Materials Sciences Division
- Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou (China); Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
- Ruhr Univ., Bochum (Germany)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1255543
- Grant/Contract Number:
- Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Nature Communications
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Research Org:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
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