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BACK COVER: link
RUN TIME: 2 1/2 hr.
FROM DVD: Insatiable Stoya gives fans an overdose of wild fucking with her first ever double penetration scene! Bad Girls 5 explodes with hard pounding lust as Stoya, Tori Black, Rebeca Linares, Jenny Hendrix and Angelina Armani reveal their naughty nympho obsessions. They go where good girls fear to tread, ready to take on the big cock boys, lapping up every thick drop of their nasty, orgasmic fantasies!
No condoms were used at all. Click on names to see their photo.
SCENE 1: Tori is standing outside her boyfriend's house. She calls him, he tells her he's not home and to let herself in. His roommate, Manuel, is sitting in his bed, naked with the covers over his crotch. She goes in the room, surprised to find him there, sits on the bed and asks to see his dick. He shows it to her. She rubs it through the sheet, they kiss, then she blows him for a few seconds, him saying, 'Oh, shit!' a few times. She pulls her top down, leans over the bed, he pulls her pants and thong down and licks her asshole. She lays on her back and he eats her pussy. Spoon position vaginal sex on their left sides, him holding her right leg up and rubbing her clit. He lays back, she blows him, then cowgirl position. Reverse cowgirl, him rubbing her clit. She blows him then they 69 for a minute. She get on her knees and elbows, ass facing out, him standing up fucking her. He stops to eat her ass. Back to spoon position on their left sides, her right leg up, him rubbing her clit. I think she comes. She kneels down on the floor and he comes in her mouth and she swallows it.
Manuel is from France and is uncircumcised. She's got small natural breasts and bald labia.
SCENE 2: Stoya is wearing a bra and underwear. She walks into a room and James and Steve are sitting on a sofa, fully clothed. She sits in between them and lays back. James rubs her clit (as shown in the trailer) while Steve fingers her. Steve fingers her asshole while James fingers her pussy with two fingers. Steve gets between her legs and eats her while James stands beside her and gets blown by her. She sits up and blows them at the same time, one on each side of her. She stands up, leans over and blows James while Steve fucks her from behind, then eats her.
Spoon position anal with Steve on sofa on their right sides, him rubbing her clit. James walks over to her and she blows him, then gets on James, facing him. Steve gets blown by her. James is laying back, her still on top, and Steve fucks her in her ass for her first on-screen double penetration. I wish you could have seen Steve's balls slapping against James'. They switch positions- Steve lays back, pulling her back against him, still in her ass, and James is now in her pussy. Both guys take turns rubbing her clit.
She gets up, blows Steve while James is behind her fucking her ass. She's now licking Steve's asshole and balls. She tells him he hasn't been in her 'pussy' so she get on his dick, facing him. James gets in front of her and she blows him. She looks up and him and he lets spit drip down into her mouth. He gets behind her and fucks her ass. Her poor asshole was bright pink. She turns around and gets on Steve reverse cowgirl anal, then she blows him a bit. James gets behind her and fucks her ass. She kneels on the floor, Steve is in front of her and James is squatting slightly behind her. She bends back and licks his balls while he's jerking off. Steve's in front of her, jerking off while she licks his balls. He comes in her mouth. She swallows some of it. She turns around and James comes in her mouth. She lets some of it drip out.
Steve is Romanian and is uncircumcised. Stoya has very small natural breasts with pierced nipples and bald labia.
SCENE 3: Rebeca is in the bathroom pulling her shorts up while Scott is laying on the bed, bored, waiting for her. She goes in the bedroom, straddles Scott, pulls his shirt up and kisses his stomach, then blows him and jerks him with both hands. She takes her shirt off and continues to blow him. She takes her shorts off, lays back and he quickly gets between her legs and eats her 100% bald pussy. She blows him, then gets on top, facing him, and they fuck for a minute. She gets off him and goes into another bedroom. Tommy's laying on the bed, fully clothed. She straddles him and blows him briefly then gets on top and fucks him briefly with the camera showing it up close from behind. Love it.
She gets off him and goes into the living room and kneels on the sofa, facing the back of it. Scott and Tommy stand behind it and she blows both of them. Scott gets behind her and fucks her while she continues to blow Tommy. Scott gets up and stands behind the sofa and Tommy sits in his place. She gets on him, facing him, while blowing Scott. Scott walks over and stands to her right so she can blow him better. She lifts her pelvis up and leans back with her hands on Tommy's thighs so he can eat her pussy for a few seconds. She kneels beside Tommy on the sofa, leans forward and blows him while Scott is standing up, fucking her from behind. Scott sits on sofa and she gets on, reverse cowgirl, and Tommy stands beside her and she blows him. She kneels on the sofa, leans over to blow Scott while Tommy is standing up behind her, beside the sofa arm, fucking her anally from behind. Spoon position anal with Scott on their left sides on sofa. She's blowing Tommy, who's standing in front of her. Tommy sits on sofa and she gets on for reverse cowgirl anal. Scott is standing to her right, getting blown.
He walks across the room and sits in a chair. She gets on him for vaginal, then anal sex. She walks over to Tommy, who's sitting several feet away in an identical chair. She sits on his dick sideways for anal sex. She kneels and they both come in her mouth, Tommy first, and she swallows it.
Rebeca is from Spain and has a really nice body with nice, natural breasts. The following year she got breast implants.
SCENE 4: Jenny walks into the bedroom holding a camera. Her boyfriend, Manuel, from scene 1, is sitting on the bed, fully clothed. She tells him she wants him to film them having sex. She lays back on the bed, he's standing up beside the bed, leans forward and pulls her shorts off and eats her pussy. They kiss, he sucks on her nasty implants. He lays back and she blows him while he's filming it. Spoon position vaginal sex on their left sides, him rubbing her clit. She gets on top facing him, then they 69. She lays on her back and he's standing up beside the bed, fucking her and rubbing her clit. She stands up, puts her right knee up on the bed and he fucks her from behind. He kneels down, eats her asshole then she gets on top of him on the bed, reverse cowgirl, him rubbing her clit a lot. She gets on him, facing him. Next she kneels on the bed and he's standing behind her, fucking her. He comes on her mouth and she lets it run down.
Manuel is from France and is uncircumcised.
SCENE 5: Angelina is wearing a black dress. She kneels on the bed, ass exposed. She lays back on bed and rubs her pussy and breasts while staring at the camera. Mick and Tommy kneel on either side of her and she blows them. Tommy fingers her. Mick fucks her, spoon position, on their right sides and she continues to blow Tommy. She switches to laying on her other side, Tommy gets behind her and fucks her, spoon position, while she's blowing Mick, who's laying beside her. She gets on top of Mick and blows Tommy, who's standing on bed to her left. Tommy lays on the bed beside her an she leans over and blows him. She gets on Tommy, reverse cowgirl while blowing Mick. She kneels beside Tommy on bed and blows him while Mick fucks her from behind while standing beside the bed. She lays across the bed, leaning over on her left side blowing Mick while Tommy's kneeling between her legs, fucking her. She lays in opposite direction, Mick fucking her while she blows Tommy, who's beside her. He stops and eats her pussy, then continues to fuck her. Mick lays on the bed. She's leaning over, blowing him while Tommy fucks her from behind. She kneels and they come on her face. She doesn't swallow.
Mick is from Austria and is uncircumcised. Angelina is totally bald below and has natural breasts.
Behind the Scenes- This is an interview with Stoya, filmed the morning of her sex scene. She says she's excited to film her first double penetration. Steve sits next to her on the bed, kisses her and tells her she's hot while rubbing her clit through her underwear. James walks in, drops his pants and she blows him for a minute, then blows Steve briefly.
Trailers- Eight different Digital Playground trailers are shown totaling about 15 minutes. Title are: Pirates, Pirates II, Island Fever 4, Nurses, Body Heat, Teenlicious, Family Matters, and one I can't remember.
MY THOUGHS: I liked this but three of the scenes were threesomes. Too much switching around goes on during threesomes and they're not as fun to watch. Of those three my favorite would be the one with Rebeca, Tommy, and Scott. I know of her from her scene in Sunny Loves Matt.
My favorite one-on-one scene is the one with Jenny and Manuel because it's got a longer reverse cowgirl scene, which I like to see.
This was nominated for three AVN awards.
This came from my personal collection.


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Israel News
Middle East
American Politics
Edition française
Green Israel
Olmert in court on day of sentencing, May 13.
(photo credit:YOTAM RONEN)
If he hasn't done so already, Ehud Olmert would do well to get a copy of the interview which famed attorney Dan Avi-Yitzhak gave to Israel Radio on Wednesday.Speaking to Benny Teitelbaum, who also happens to have a law degree, Avi-Yitzhak – who is now retired and was one of Israel's leading criminal lawyers, representing Arye Deri and Ofer Nimrodi among others – found several flaws in the way Olmert's case had been conducted, and said there were a number of important questions that remained unanswered.
By GREER FAY CASHMAN
By YAAKOV LAPPIN
Sponsored Content
By HERB KEINON
By Gil Stern Stern HOFFMAN
By GREER FAY CASHMAN
Please insert a valid email address

subset: commoncrawl


text:
We recommend upgrading to the latest Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, or Firefox.
If you are using IE 9 or later, make sure you turn off "Compatibility View".
Handpicked brands for you
Team Rider @kainoahaas with @alex.pendleton prepping for their heat st last weekend's @localmotionhawaii Surf Into Summer! | Photo: @scaryblanket #inspiredboardshorts | feat. the Higher Ransom boardshorts


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Graves Build Guide by Athio
Not Updated For Current Season
This guide has not yet been updated for the current season. Please keep this in mind while reading. You can see the most recently updated guides on the browse guides page.
Thank You!
Your votes and comments encourage our guide authors to continue
creating helpful guides for the League of Legends community.
Graves Build
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
You should be focusing as much as you can on farm, if you get in a trade auto attack them once and use your q. Following your auto attack with your q should win you any one auto trade.
Be careful using your e aggressive, and only do it if your sure you can win the trade or your support or jungler engages a fight and you need to position closer to get in range.
Mid game and late laning phase (from the point you get Infinity edge to whe
Try your best to find situations where your support can lock them up long enough for you to kill the enemy. Graves has amazing burst damage and can win most fight where his team engages or he's able to get the surprise.
Make sure at the start of the fight to activate Youmuu's if you have it, fire off a buck shot and dash to a safe location. Save your ultimate for the killing blow, it's your only long range ability and can go through terrain if your opponent tries to escape from you.
Team fights
Try to position your self in the back, keep safe and only use your e defensively or when you know you won't be instantly dove for moving foreword.
You have two options with your ultimate; Use it across as many enemies as possible, which is the typical use, or save it to clean up running enemies.
If you get ran out of a fight at a few hundred hp stick just out side the fight you might find another point you can go back in even on such low hp and get some damage in.
Just try to make sure you don't die during team fights since it's critical you stay alive to push towers after the fight.


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Flexible little black slut Teanna Trump gagging from deepthroat oral
Duration: 5min 28sec Views: 6 092 Submitted: 1 year ago Submitted by:
Description: Teanna Trump is gagging from the size of the cock that is inside her mouth. The girl is not delicate at all and she loves getting fucked in her face roughly. Her partner knows it so he does not hold back his strength as he is ramming her.
Channel: Brazzers Network
Pornstars: Teanna Trump


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An Outdated Sliding Glass Door in West Palm Beach? Just say no!
Many of the homes in West Palm Beach date from the 1950's and 1960's when there was a boom in the population which was partly due to the return of many sailors and airmen who had served at Palm Beach Air Force Base during the war. In part, it was also due to that modern miracle of air conditioning, as living in the tropical climate all year round became more acceptable to northerners.
Also becoming popular in new build homes at that time were what is now the ubiquitous sliding glass door. Back in the 50's they were regarded as very trendy, as were Davy Crockett, the hula hoop, drive-in movies, jukeboxes, and some singer fella called Elvis something or other.
Fifty Or Sixty Years Old? Just Say No!
However, today in West Palm Beach the sliding glass doors in many homes are fifty or sixty years old and in no way could they be considered to be trendy any longer. In fact, completely out of date would be a better description. Furthermore, many of them no longer glide backwards and forwards smoothly as they are supposed to do and would have done when the homes were first built.
So if yours is an old door that no longer runs properly it is time to consider West Palm Beach sliding glass door replacement. Modern sliding glass doors have many benefits that older ones did not incorporate. For example, today's doors are environmentally friendly and highly energy efficient. Fitted with composite gaskets they provide optimal thermal insulation, acting as a weather and sound barrier and keeping dust, drafts, and rain out of the home.
Year Round View: A New, Modern Sliding Glass Door (From Us)
With large panes of glass, West Palm Beach sliding glass door replacement will give you a year round view of your yard landscape and panoramic views beyond. They will also let you keep an eye on your kids playing outside, and with shatter-proof glass are perfectly safe. (In the past, many sliding glass doors did not incorporate shatter-proof glass: perhaps yours did not).
West Palm Beach sliding glass door replacement will also add an elegant aesthetic to your home bringing it right up to date with that 21st century appearance. As well as being functional and practical, a new sliding glass door will harmonise with most architectural styles.
So if your sliding glass door is old and antiquated, give us a call. We will come over and show you all of the latest designs from which you can choose without any obligation. You will be surprised at how inexpensive they are, and just how much they can do to boost your home's appearance.


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Huh? Racist assaults against blacks? NYC? Huh? When, how? It's been the other way around for fifty plus years, or more.
That's the liberal mindset in a nutshell.
It's not that they call New York "Hymietown" or support Palestinians that embolden people to act. It's others calling them out on it that is the emboldening act.
It's too bad that the last experiences of Ed Koch are of being betrayed by Barack Obama.
Before this is over, most people will be thinking that Ed Koch is a prime example of a racist, reactionary Republican.
Racist assaults on blacks since 1970: 2
Against whites: 50
Against orientals: 100
Looks like we can call it even.
What a bunch of B.S.
Leave it to the cowards at the NYT, to defame a man after he's gone.
By contrast, in his final year of life, Koch showed he was more of a partisan 'Rat than a pro-Zionist Jew by enthusiastically backing "Osama" Obama for the second term in the White House, just as he did in 2008, claiming that Obama was a friend of Israel and espousing that garbage frequently over the airwaves.
If Koch had real political courage, he would have become a Republican based primarily on his world geopolitical view, but he never had any intention of doing so. At his core, he was always ideologically a big government taxer and spender.
I'm just curious, is Koch's rent controlled apartment available?
Hey, Berger- Freddie's Fashion Mart. Yankel Rosenbaum.


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Rock Garden
This garden was donated by the MacDonald family nearly 30 years ago. It consists of native and sustainable adaptive plant species suitable for our environment such as mountain mahogany, apache plume, donkey tail spurge, Mormon tea, sedums, oragano species and fern bush. Many of the plants have matured and drape over the small garden paths evoking a sense of seclusion in an uninhabited area of the Great Basin. Numerous varieties are situated in a low water regime section of the garden.


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Stock Graphic >> Product Mockup - Flyer Mockup 8014 by mixmedia87 @ CreativeMarket
File Size: 169.67 MB; Layered: Yes.
Impress your clients by showing them a realistic mockup of there design.
Just drag and drop your design into the smart layer
to get realistic results! No editing skills needed.
- 27.7" x 16.7"
- DOF Feature
- A4 (can also used as A5)
- 4 PSD file
- Help File
Keywords: flyer, mock, mockup, realistic, photorealistic, showcase, advertise, closeup, creativemarket, graphic design, poster, paper, display.


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SSCMS is pleased to announce the new principal for our wonderful school! Please see his announcement and his credentials!
Letter from Area Superintendent, Dr. Nathalie HendersonPrincipal Keynun Campbell's Welcome LetterPrincipal Keynun Campbell's Full Resume
Parents: Please click the link below to view the results from the New Principal Survey.
Survey Results
We want to keep our families informed so you can partner with us in the success of your child! Click the Remind logo below to sign-up for our school-wide notifications or follow the directions below.
Remind is a one-way text messaging and e-mail system. With Remind, all personal information remains completely confidential, so others will never see your phone number but you can still get important information in an easy, timely, and reliable way.
To receive messages via text: text @mrmrcg to 81010. You can opt-out of messages at anytime by replying to the message with 'unsubscribe@mrmrcg' .
To receive messages via email: send an email to
firstname.lastname@example.com with the subject line blank. You can unsubscribe at anytime by replying to the message with 'unsubscribe' in the subject line.
All persons interested in volunteering in the Fulton County School District must complete an application every two years even if a person has completed an application in the past. To keep in compliance with State Law and Best Practices, we will require everyone to re-register/register after August 2, 2016. The registration process can be found on the FCS District Website under
Community/Partners & Volunteers. In accordance with State Law, all volunteers must be current with the Child Abuse Reporting Protocol Training before being allowed to volunteer in our schools. All applicants must wait 24 hours after applying for application processing. Applicants should be prepared to spend about 10-15 minutes for the training and application process. It is very important that volunteers enter their full legal name as it appears on government issued ID. Please do not use nicknames or "goes by" names on the application.
Bell ScheduleBuses & RoutesDaily AnnouncementsHelp SessionsHome Access CenterSchool FormsSchool Governance CouncilSchool Supply ListSports TryoutsSSCMS FoundationSSCMS PTASSCMS STEM NewsletterStallion NewsletterUniform Policy/Quick Reference ListVolunteer Information
Sandy Springs' Channel on FultonTube
Join SSCMS PTA on Facebook
Fulton County Schools Strategic Plan 2017


text:
HALLOWEEN: Clouds will continue to stream over the state this morning with temperatures in the 30s, 40s and 50s. Expect a mix of sun and clouds through the day with high temperatures topping out well above average — 60s, 70s and 80s (near record warmth for some!) No significant rain chances within statelines today… just a bit of wind up north (breezy to windy 10-20mph).
TUESDAY: Increasing cloud cover and wind will be the trend as our next system approaches from the west. Expect high temperatures to cool anywhere from 1°-5° from Monday's highs. There is a slight chance of a few spot showers to develop in and around the higher terrain but coverage and intensity will be limited. (More to come later in the week though!)
LATE WEEK: An incoming storm will help boost rain chances Thursday and Friday. Afternoon highs will also come down – closer to seasonal averages (widespread 60s and 70s).


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Jia Davis Riverfront Times Hall Of Fame Induction Show with DJ Ant C, JPRS, Jia Davis, Aurellius the Saint, 923, Eyecon, Scripts N' Screwz, Skippo TheRandB Dondada, Ryan Wordsmith and Family Affair
The Gramophone
4243 Manchester Rd
St. Louis, MO, 63110
Doors 9:00 PM / Show 10:00 PM
This event is 21 and over
Jia Davis
From the South Side of Saint Louis, Jai Davis has been representing STL hip hop for decades. 1/2 of the legendary duo Bits-n-Pieces, member 4$alebutnot4$ale as well as rocking his solo projects, Jia Davis embodies STL hip hop.
Upcoming Events
The Gramophone
- Sorry, there are currently no upcoming events.


text:
Hotel Accommodation near El Nicho
Search 1 hotels in El Nicho
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Where to stay in El Nicho
Cuba   accommodation in El Nicho - Hotels.com offers great last-minute El Nicho hotels deals and discount room rates. Our hotels in El Nicho can easily be booked online. Our fast online search facility allows you to:
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- - Receive email and text confirmations with reservation details of your online hotel booking


text:
My fashion motto while experiencing this pregnancy is to just keep things simple. I'm not going to worry about rocking the latest trends, etc… I'm just working on feeling good and wearing things that make me feel beautiful (which can be hard with a growing mid-section!). My heels always make me feel good, so I'll be wearing them as long as I can, and this shade of emerald green is one of my favorites and flattering on so many skin tones – I highly recommend!
Get the look:


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Since we have a serious crush on Rami Malek, we'll pretty much watch anything he's in. I'm actually very excited about this career and where he's headed. Upon watching the trailer, it's easy to get stuck in that thought that he's being pigeon-holed into the same character he is in Mr. Robot, but the movie trailer still has me very curious. I'm looking forward to seeing his transformation as what we believe to be as him being a normal family man turned into fugitive.
Malek as a hard-working family man named Jonah who seems burned out by his life. During one of his shifts as a nighttime hotel concierge, he meets a conspiracy theorist named Brown (played by DJ Qualls). A series of clips showcases Jonah battling with his psyche as he evades the police by hiding out in remote areas. We eventually find him alone on a mountaintop, but the details leading up to the scene are vague. Watch the trailer above and catch Buster's Mal Heart, written and directed by Sarah Adina Smith, in select theaters April 28.


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Montfort Missionaries elect new superior
Father Santino Brembilli has been elected superior general of the Montfort Missionaries, by the congregation's general chapter. He replaces Fr Bill Considine. Fr Santino, 59, is the first Italian to become superior general in the history of the congregation. He was professed on 29 September, 1963 and ordained on 6 March, 1971. He worked in the preparatory seminary in Redona. Later he was sent to Peru where he worked in parishes, became novice master twice, served twice as regional superior, and was involved in preaching missions ad gentes.


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Friday, October 4, 2013
English dialog translation for ep 13
Of course it has honorifics and official terminology so if you don't like those...well. *shrugs*
8 comments:
- AnonymousOctober 4, 2013 at 6:01 AM
Thanks for your hard work!ReplyDelete
The software to use is Aegisub (for creating the sub file) and MKVToolnix (for packaging the subs with the audio/video). It's not too hard to learn the basics by just fiddling around with it a little (I suggest to open a previous episode of Symphogear and see what it looks like)
The really time-consuming part is timing each piece of dialogue to the right starting and ending frames (I go frame by frame listening for the right frames where the voice starts and stops - I don't know of a better way, being quite new at it too)
Luckily the folks in /a/ are going to work on the subs using the translations you've provided so we might see the episode subbed by tomorrow.
Thank you very much, good sir!ReplyDelete
Really appreciate it.
- AnonymousOctober 4, 2013 at 11:09 AM
A god among men.ReplyDelete
#Finewasright #DestroyTheMoon
- AnonymousOctober 4, 2013 at 2:06 PM
Thank you for the translation. Here is a sub file:ReplyDelete
Used the Zero-Raws release as the base. Just save the text as an .ass or .ssa and encode using MKVToolnix or some other video convertor. This is my first time ever doing this, so the timing may be a little off. After doing this it really make you appreciate the hard work fansub groups do.Replies
- AnonymousOctober 4, 2013 at 2:18 PM
Forgot to mention, no lyrics in this. I just now found the translated lyrics (http://pastebin.com/fUNebNfz), and I don't feel like going back to put them in.Delete
Thank you for this!ReplyDelete
- BatedUrGonnaDieOctober 4, 2013 at 3:30 PM
Just want to say thank you again for doing this. Timing it sucked but it's nice to have subs.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousOctober 5, 2013 at 6:59 PM
Thanks so much to you guys for the translation and anonymous/people for the timing, editing, and everything else. You're all awesome.ReplyDelete


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Leeuwarden, here we come!
Leeuwarden Travel Blog› entry 1 of 1 › view all entries
The country I am referring to is called Friesland, in local slang Fryslan. Many visitors to the Netherlands don't come any further then Amsterdam. That's a pitty. There is so much more the Netherlands has to offer. We even have a country in a country. The province of Friesland (Fryslan) is the only province in the Netherlands where the signs that shows you that you enter a town or city are bilangual. The people here are proud of their province and their culture. They keep the tradition of their own language alive.
We where lucky to have a very active TravBuddy member living in the capital of Friesland, Leeuwarden.
The pictures I took don't include the sailing on Sunday, since I left my camera on a safe spot in the ship. (I think I have to lend some pics from others then), the same goes for the kite-surfing.
For all the other pics, if for some reason people don't recognize themselves in the pics I can only say: pics don't lie! :D


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WebDeveloper.com |
<= Cut&Paste Vertical Sliding JavaScript
<= Cut&Paste JavaScript Vertical Scrolling
Cut&Paste JavaScript Vertical Sliding =>
| Free Vertical Scroller 2.2 - Free vertical Slider 2.2 - from top down & bottom up. |
Vertical Scroller/Sliders adjustables: Size, Background and SPEED.
Mouse Over "Speed UP" sets scrolling/sliding faster while Mouse Over
the running show stops scrolling/sliding and sets it to original speed.
<= Cut&Paste JavaScript Vertical Scrolling
| Free JavaScripts Vertical Scrollers |
Cut&Paste JavaScript Vertical Scrolling =>
Vertical Scrolling Javascript Script adjustables: Size, Pause, Background and Speed.
A few Mouse Over "Speed UP" sets vertical Scrolling faster - While Mouse Over
running vertical Scroller areas stops scrolling & sets it to the original speed.
by Vasile Barsan


text:
White Swan Japan Ebook
For lovers of English and learners of beauty
by Russell Jenkins
Other versions of this book
Print Book
About the Ebook
Follow white swans as they visit northern Japan. A book for all ages and levels of English use, whether English is a first or second language.
Features & Details
- Category Travel
- Version Fixed-layout ebook, 80 pgs
- Publish Date Dec 08, 2012
- Last Edit Apr 05, 2017
- Language English
- Tags Japan, Swan, White Swan, wild birds, bird photography
See More
About the Creator
Russell Jenkins
Niigata, Japan
I'm an Australian living in Japan. I love photography, wildlife, books and communication....and swans and snow.
Log in or create an account to post a comment.
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text:
There are a number of emerging technologies that will be coming to commercial reality in the next 3 to 5 years that are going to pose some interesting challenges to the world of Human Resources. This will be the first of several articles to discuss some of these amazing new technologies, that really do exist,
24 to 28 Hour Shifts for Resident Doctors are back!
The accrediting organization for medical programs has decided to increase the cap from 16 hours to 24 hours! In fact, the program rules allow for someone to have up to a 28 hour shift – if they have to transition a patient to another doctor. I must admit, I have never understood this approach –
Health and Wellness Programs and Genetic Information –
Now that it has become much easier to get DNA information and test it, Health and Wellness programs among employers are in an interesting quandary – is there a way to make positive use of the information without discriminating? What makes genetic information even more interesting is the familial aspect of the information. When an
Interesting Reorganization Study Being Done by Harvard
Just a quick FYI- Interesting Org redesign being done by Harvard Business Review. The survey to participate is here.
Organizational Capital: A Great Blueprint
A friend of mine just published a great article on organisation capital and how to measure it! I strongly suggest you take a look.
Global Language – A Wonderful Energizing Walk in the Wind
I always love to learn other languages, albeit those around me would say the word learn is probably very inaccurate! One of the fun aspects of studying a language is that it is often a window into their culture, their politics, and the realization that even when we think the world is small – there
HR Big Data, HR Analytics – But Not a Lot of Rigor Yet?
John Boudreau and Janet Marler wrote a very interesting study that just got released that reviewed the academic research into HR Analytics, etc… and they came to some interesting conclusions. The primary conclusion is that even though there is a lot of activity on the public front, there appears to be very little academic research
Human Capital Practices grow Small Business Revenue – @CAHRS study
The Cornell Center of Advanced HR Studies did a great study that was focused on small businesses and proving that good human capital practices grow revenue. Worth the read!
Job Title of the Future: AI Therapist
One of the more interesting pieces that people can get confused on is understanding that AI is capable of thinking in ways that we don't understand. A great real world example of this is when Microsoft built an AI chatbot that was supposed to be able to have good "real" conversations with folks via Twitter.
Billions in HR Tech Revenue!
CBInsights just published a very interesting article on HR Tech investing. The top part of the interviews come from HR Technology leaders (e.g. Bersin, Schwarz) but the bottom part is interviews with varying VC's who are investing millions in the space. The quote that stood out to me was the one from Jeff Lieberman who said


text:
Welcome to WebmasterWorld Guest from 184.108.40.206
Forum Moderators: Robert Charlton & goodroi
Now when I browser the web, I see what other sites are doing.
I'm baffled by what I believe is misuse of the tag.
newspaper (PR7) has no follow tags to all their categories including homepage
[edited by: TheMadScientist at 7:01 pm (utc) on Jul 6, 2010]
AFAIK, Google counts no-follows from authority site like Wiki – when the link has been in place for a good while


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Bear is an excellent gaited molly mule that is TWH crossed. Bear has been used for trail-riding extensively and has the comfortable "cadillac ride". Bear…SOLD
Large mule for sale. Not 100% sure of age. Will pack any load. Can also be ridden but hasn't been in a while. Shy and timid.SOLD


text:
Real-Estate Cap Rates Rise
Capitalization rates, a calculation real-estate investors use to measure the annual return of income-producing properties, continue to rise. The average cap rate for office properties in central business districts jumped to 8.8% in December from 8.56% in November. The December number was the highest rate for that category since May 2003. Meanwhile, average cap rates for apartment buildings was 7.36% in December, up from 7.09% in November. The cap rate is rental income in the first year of ownership divided by the purchase price.


text:
The IRS will accept a valuation of private company common stock, if done by "the reasonable application of any reasonable valuation method." This includes:
- 1. The fair market value of tangible and intangible assets of the corporation;
- 2. The present value of future cash-flows; and
- 3. The market value of stock or equity interests in comparable companies.
The valuation may include other relevant factors, such as control premiums or discounts for lack of marketability, which are consistent with the standards laid out in IRS Revenue Ruling 59-60 regarding the valuation of private companies. Again, consistent with previous IRS valuation rulings, a valuation is considered reasonable if based on an appraisal by an independent appraiser as of a date that is within 12 months of the date for which the value is being determined. The IRS has also provided two other alternatives to an independent appraisal that are considered to meet the reasonable valuation test. One is a valuation of illiquid stock of a start-up company by experienced personnel, which may include employees or directors of the company. It would appear that a board of directors or a committee of the board of directors of a start-up company may do the valuation, where the board or committee is composed of experienced venture capitalists or private equity investors that have significant experience in valuing start-up companies. There are several additional requirements for this type of valuation to be reasonable, that are spelled out in the proposed regulations.
The other is a valuation based upon certain types of formulas. Examples of the formula-based valuation method would be valuing the stock based on a multiple of sales or earnings, or book value; however, for a formula-based valuation to qualify under the proposed regulations, it must be consistently applied to all valuations of the stock. Notice that this alternative valuation method will not be easily accepted by the government.


text:
Sports Nutrition
Ask TheHorse
Feeding Your Horse During the Winter
How can you make sure your horse is getting the nutrition he needs during the cold months? Ask our equine nutritionist!
Photo by iStock
Five Tips for Feeding Mature, Healthy Hard Keepers
Does your otherwise healthy horse have trouble keeping pounds on? Here are five tips for feeding hard keepers.
Photo by iStock
Piecing Together the Performance Horse Puzzle
Combine nutrition, exercise, and veterinary care to create the perfect picture of performance horse health.
More Articles
- Fat Options to Help Your Horse Hold Weight During the Winter
- Five Tips for Feeding Mature, Healthy Hard Keepers
- Grasping Insulin Resistance in Horses
- Poll Recap: Managing Equine Arthritic Aches and Pains
- Working With An Equine Nutritionist
- Feeding Horses on Stall Rest
- Where Do Horse Owners Get Supplement Advice?
- Managing the Anxious Horse
- Fats: Not Just an Equine Diet Fad
- Exploring the Equine Microbiome
- Fat Options to Help Your Horse Hold Weight During the Winter
- Feeding Horses to Increase Weight and Body Condition
- 5 Facts About Flax
- Feeding Racehorses
- Managing the Anxious Horse
- 5 Tips for Feeding Easy Keepers
- Five Tips for Feeding Mature, Healthy Hard Keepers
- When Do Horses Need Vitamin E?
- Pros and Cons of Feeding Horses Beet Pulp
- 5 Tips for Packing the Pounds on Performance Horses
Farm Call: Your Questions Answered
Q. A veterinarians answers a reader's question on why some horses have seasonal runny manure.
Across the Fence
Before You Volunteer at a Disaster Site
If you choose to volunteer in an emergency or disaster situation, consider these important factors before loading up and leaving.


text:
Community Social Groups
CWA, Lodges, etc
Buffalo Lodge
Meet: 9am 3rd Sunday
Showgrounds: Lot 41 New England Highway, Crows Nest Qld
Phone: Ray Weis 07 4698 1809, 0400 898 648.
Crows Nest Historical Society Inc
Crows Nest's own historical village and museum
Meet: 9 am monthly. Office Open 10 - 2 Thu -Sun
46 Thallon Street Crows Nest, Qld
Crows Nest Garden Club Inc
Informal monthly gathering of like minded people to share tips and information on various types of gardening.
Meet: 2nd Saturday 1 pm for 1:30pm start
CWA 7 Thallon St, Crows Nest, Qld
Phone: 07 4698 1022.
Crows Nest and Cooyar Masonic Lodge
Meet: 3rd Fri monthly 7:30pm
25 James St, Crows Nest Qld
Crows Nest Men's Network
Meet: Fri 9:30am - 12:30pm
Bowls Club Community Pl Crows Nest, Qld
Crows Nest Old Car Club
Our aims and objectives apply to all who are interested in preserving, operating and promoting old, historic or unusual road vehicles.
Meet: 4 or 5 times a year (email us for time and place)
Crows Nest Senior Citizens
The Club offers singing, hoy, cards and games. Transport can be provided on arrangement. They provide disability access. Morning tea.
Meet: 8:30 am Wed. (Hoy at 1pm 2nd and last Wed)
Anglican Hall 17 Thallon Street, Crows Nest, Qld
Djuan and District Sub-branch RSL
Meet: 3rd Sun 11:30 am
Anzac Memorial near Djuan Bridge over Gowrie Creek, Djuan, Qld
Phone: S Burke 07 4698 8175.
Haden Community Club
Phone: Jan Genrich 07 4698 2754; Donna Menkins 07 4698 8291.
Highfields Mens Shed
A place where men of all ages can meet for friendship, recreation and participation in projects that improve their health and well being.
Shostaki Road, Cabarlah, Qld
Phone: 07 4630 8404.
Manchester Unity Independent Order of Oddfellows
Social and ritual activities
Meet: 4th Friday bi-monthly - 5pm
CWA Hall, 7 Thallon Street, Crows Nest. Qld
Phone: Phil Turnbull 4698 1397
Munro Tramway Historical Group Inc
Formed 2015 to share history of Munro Palmtree tramway from Ravensbourne to Hampton and of foresting and farming families associated with it
Meet: Normally bimonthly as advised by email and local media
Perseverance Hall, 10 Perseverance Hall Rd, Perseverance, Qld
Queensland Country Women's Association
Friendly organisation. Cater for other organisations. Rent rooms for functions.
Meet: 9:30 am.1st Tue
CWA Hall, 7 Thallon St, Crows Nest, Qld
Toowoomba Amateur Radio Model Aero Club
Meet: Sat, Sun afternoons, depending on weather.
Perseverance Dam Rd, Crows Nest, Qld
Phone: Kevin Bridges 07 4698 1803
Uniting Church Crows Nest Ladies' Fellowship
Meet. 2nd Tues - 12:30 pm
Church Hall 17 Emu Creek Road, Crows Nest Qld
Is any information on this page incorrect or missing? Help us keep the page up-to-date and useful.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Nov 17, 2009
|Filing date
|Sep 25, 2003
|Priority date
|Oct 11, 2002
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Kok Keong Teo, Kok Seng Chong, Sua Hong Neo
|Original Assignee
|Panasonic Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (32), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (15), Classifications (7), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to determining musical notes from sounds, such as humming or singing. In particular it relates to converting such sounds into notes and recognising them for the purpose of music retrieval. It also relates to the component means and processes.
Multimedia content is an increasingly popular resource, supported by a surging market for personal digital music devices, an increase of bandwidth to the home and the emergence of 3G wireless devices. There is an increasing need for an effective searching mechanism for multimedia content. Though many systems exist for content-based retrieval of images, few mechanisms are available to retrieve the audio portion of multimedia content. One possibility for such mechanisms is retrieval by humming, whereby a user searches by humming melodies of a desired musical piece into a system. This incorporates a melody transcription technique.
In U.S. Pat. No. 6,188,010 a FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) algorithm is used to analyse sound by obtaining the frequency spectrum information from waveform data. The frequency of the voice is obtained and finally a music note that has the nearest pitch is selected.
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,874,686 an autocorrelation-based method is used to detect the pitch of each note. In order to improve the performance and robustness of the pitch-tracking algorithm, a cubic-spline wavelet transform or other suitable wavelet transform is used.
In U.S. Pat. No. 6,121,530 the onset time of the voiced sound is divided off as an onset time of each note, a time difference with an onset time of the next note is determined as the span of the note and the maximum value among the fundamental frequencies of each note contained during its span is defined as the highest pitch values.
Automatic melody transcription is the extraction of an acceptable musical description from humming. Typical humming signal consists of a sequence of audible waveforms interspersed with silence. However, there is difficulty in defining the boundary of each note in an acoustic wave and there is also considerable controversy over exactly what pitch is. Sound recognition involves using approximations. Where boundaries between notes are clear and pitch is constant, the prior art can produce reasonable results. However, that is not necessarily so where each audible waveform may contain several notes and pitch is not necessarily maintained, as happens with real people humming. A hummer's inability to maintain a pitch often results in pitch changes within a single note, which may be subsequently misinterpreted as a note change. On the other hand, if a hummer does not pause adequately when humming a string of the same notes, the transcription system might interpret it as one note. The task becomes increasingly difficult in the presence of expressive variations and the physical limitation of the human vocal system.
It is therefore an aim of the present invention to provide an improved system for recognising hummed tunes or the like and to provide component processes and apparatus that can be used in such a venture.
According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for use in transcribing a musical sound signal to musical notes, comprising the steps of:
Preferably this method further comprises detecting portions of said sound signal that can be deemed to be silences.
This method may also further comprise the step of extracting notes from said pitch values to create note descriptors.
According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for detecting portions of a musical sound signal that can be deemed to be silences, comprising the steps of:
According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of producing note markers, indicative of the beginnings and endings of notes in a musical sound signal, comprising the steps of:
The process of envelope extraction may comprise the steps of:
The process of differentiation may comprise the steps of:
The process of note markers extraction may comprises the steps of:
According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for detecting the pitch values of notes in a musical sound signal, comprising the steps of:
This process of isolating notes may use note markers to do so.
One or more of the above aspects may be combined.
According to a fifth aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of identifying pieces of music, comprising the steps of:
Following this, the identified piece of music may then be retrieved.
The invention is not limited to human use. It may be useful in conducting experiments with animals. Moreover, it is not limited to humming, but could be used with whistling, singing or other noise production.
The invention also provides apparatus operable according to the above methods and apparatus corresponding to the above methods.
This method and apparatus extract symbolic high-level musical structure resembling that of a music score. Humming or the like is converted with this invention into a sequence of notes that represent the melody that the user (usually human, but potentially animal) is trying to express. These retrieved notes each contain information such as a pitch, the start time and duration and the series contains the relative order of each note. A possible application of the invention is a music retrieval system whereby humming forms the query to some search engine. Music retrieval via query-by-humming can be applied to different applications such as PC, cellular phone, portable jukebox, music kiosk and car jukebox.
The present invention is now further described by way of non-limitative example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:—
A robust melody transcription system is proposed to serve as an ensemble of solutions to solve the problem of transcribing humming signal to note descriptors. A melody technique is used to produce note descriptors. This information is used by a feature extractor to obtain features to be used in a search engine.
Using the three inputs, the pitch detector 202 produces a pitch value signal S222, from which a note extractor circuit 224 produces a note descriptor signal S226. This then is output from the melody transcription device 2. In this example, a feature extraction circuit 228 produces a feature signal S230, from the note descriptor signal S226. An MPEG-7 descriptor generator 232 uses this to produce a feature descriptor signal S234, which is fed to a search engine 236. Searching using a music database 238 gives a search result S240.
The silence discriminator 204 illustrated in
In this preferred embodiment, the melody transcription system comprises two distinct steps: segmentation and pitch detection. The segmentation step searches the digital signal S200 to find the start and duration of all notes that the hummer tries to express. The silence discriminator 204 isolates the voiced portions. This information has been used in the prior art to segment the digital signal. This is only feasible if a hummer inserts a certain amount of silence between each note. Most inexperienced hummers have difficulties inserting silence between notes. In this invention, a gradient-based segmentation method is employed to search for notes within the voiced portions, thus not relying so much on silence discrimination.
The humming signal is similar to an amplitude modulated (AM) signal where the volume is modulated by the pitch frequency. The pitch signal is not useful in this case, which is removed to extract the envelope. The envelope shows some interesting properties of a typical humming signal. The envelope increases sharply from silence to a stable level. The stable level is maintained for a while before it drops back sharply to silence again. Thus the existence of an attack, followed by a steady level and a decay of a note, is evidence of the existence of a note. The gradient-based segmentation is derived from these unique properties to extract the note markers.
These note markers are used in this invention to enhance the performance of the pitch detector 202. The approach is to exploit the fact that the pitch within each pair of start and end note makers is supposed to be constant. The signal of each note is divided into blocks of equal length. The signal in each block is assumed to be stationary and the pitch (frequency) is detected by autocorrelation. In an ideal case, these values are identical. However, the autocorrelation pitch detector 202 is sensitive to harmonics that cause errors in the detection of pitch. Furthermore, hummers frequently fail to maintain the pitch within the duration of a particular note. A k-mean clustering algorithm is selected in this invention to find the prominent pitch value.
Music retrieval by humming is perceived as an excellent complement to tactile interfaces on handheld devices, such as mobile phones and portable jukeboxes. This invention can also be employed in a ring-tone retrieval system whereby a user can download the desired ring-tone by humming to a mobile device.
Thus, in this embodiment, a user hums a tune into a microphone attached to a PC, cell phone, portable jukebox, music kiosk or the like, where the input sound is converted into a digital signal and transmitted as part of a query. The query is sent to a search engine. Melody transcription and feature extraction modules in the search engine extract relevant features. At the same time, the search engine requests MPEG-7 compliant music metadata from music metadata servers on its list. The search proceeds to match the music metadata with the features extracted from the humming query. The result is sent back to the user, with an indication of the degree of match (in the form of a score) and the location of the song(s). The user can then activate a link provided by the search engine to download or stream the song from the relevant music collection server—possibly for a price. The MPEG-7 descriptor generator is optional and depends on the application scenario.
Such a mechanism entails a robust melody transcription subsystem, which extracts symbolic high-level musical structure resembling that on a music score. Thus the humming must be converted into a sequence of notes that represent the melody that the user tries to express. The notes contain information such as the pitch, the start time and the duration of the respective notes. Thus it requires two distinct steps: the segmentation of the acoustic wave and detection of the pitch of each segment.
In the prior art shown in
Silence Discriminator
struct markers{ int start; int interval; };
where markers is the struct that marks the start and the interval of the voiced portion. Thus there is an array of these markers with seg_count members.
The necessary parameters are initialised to: seg_count=0, can_start=1 and count=0, as shown in 401. The parameter can_start is initialised to '1' to signal that a new marker is allowed to be created. This is to prevent creating markers before an interval of voiced portion is registered. It is followed by process 402 to compute the short-time energy function of the digitised hum waveform. The digitised hum waveform is divided into blocks of equal length. The short-time energy, En, for each block is computed as:
where x(m) is the discrete time audio signal, w(m) is a rectangle window function and CAL_LENGTH is the length of window and the width of a block of hum waveform.
In order to be adaptive to different recording environments, the threshold, thres, is computed as the average of the short-time energy and a count number is set, i=0, as shown in 403. The thres is the average short-time energy. This is a reference value used to decide whether the signal at a particular time is silence or voiced. With the threshold, the short-time energy of each block is tested as shown in 404 and 405. In 404, the current short-time energy value, energy(i), is tested to determine whether its level is greater than or equal to 0.9 times the threshold and, at the same time, the can_start=1. If the criteria are met, the process proceeds to block 406, where the start of the current block is registered as the start of a voiced portion in 406. The position is calculated as:
where i is the index of the current short-time energy.
Furthermore, the can_set is set to '−1' to indicate that the algorithm is expecting a silence portion hence another voiced portion cannot be registered. If, in step 404, the criteria are not met, the process goes to step 405, where the current short-time energy value, energy(i), is tested to determine whether its level is below 0.5*thres and, at the same time, the can_start=−1. This is taken to mean that the beginning of a silence portion has been reached and, if these criteria are met, this is registered as an interval in the voiced portion in step 407. The position is calculated as:
Following this, the can_start is set to '1' again to flag that the registration of new marker is allowed and the seg_count is incremented as shown in 408. The outputs of steps 406 and 408, together with the output of step 405 if the criteria are not met, rejoin in step 409, which asks if all blocks have been tested. If the answer is negative, i, the index of the current short-time energy is incremented by 1 in step 410 and the process returns to step 404. The processes of steps 404-410 are repeated until all the values in the short-time energy function have been tested.
Gradient Based Segmentation
The flowchart of exemplary gradient-based segmentation in this invention is shown in
Envelope Detector
The rectifier is simple. In step 601 a count of points in the signal, i, is set to "i=0". Following step 602 determines if the signal level at the current signal point is greater than or equal to zero. If it is not, then, in step 603, the envelope level for that point is set to the negative of the current signal level and i is incremented by 1 in step 605. If the current signal point is greater than or equal to zero, then, in step 604, the envelope level for that point is set to the actual signal level and i is incremented by 1 again in step 605. Step 605 is followed by step 606, which determines if "i<LEN", where LEN is a sample number, chosen here to be 200. If it is, then the process reverts to step 602. If it is not, then the process goes on to the filter.
The low pass filter is implemented by a simple moving average filter to obtain a smooth envelope of the discrete time audio signal. In spite of its simplicity, the moving average filter is optimal for common tasks such as reducing random noise while retaining a sharp step response. This property is ideal for this invention, as it is desirable to reduce the random-noise-like roughness while retaining the gradient. As the name implies, the moving average filter operates by averaging a number of points from the discrete signal to produce each point in the optimal signal. Thus it can be written as:
where x(t) is the discrete time audio signal with LEN samples, y(t) is the envelope signal of x(t) and ENVLEN is the number of points in the average. The ENVLEN is chosen to be 200 in this exemplary embodiment.
The process 607 initialises the necessary parameters "temp", "i" and "j" to zero to start the filtering proper. Before proceeding to filtering, the process 608 makes sure that the filter operates within the confine of the discrete time audio signal, by checking that the sum "i+j<LEN". The processes 609 and 610 compute the summation of all data after the current value. In particular, step 609 provides an updated temporary summation, with "temp=temp+[i+j]". The average value of the envelope for all "i" within the sample is computed as shown in 611, "env[i]=temp/ENVLEN". Step 612 tests whether the process of steps 608 to 611 has been repeated for all data in the input buffer and only when it has does the envelope process end. The "i" and "j" are incremented as show in 609 and 610 respectively. The "++j" is a pre-increment which means j is incremented between testing the condition. "i++" is a post-increment, which means "i" is incremented after execution of the equation shown in steps 610.
The flowchart of an exemplary differentiator is shown in
where y(t) is the envelope signal and GRADLEN is the deviation of t to the next point. The GRADLEN is chosen to be 20 in this exemplary embodiment.
The process is initialised in step 701. The index "j" keeps track of the segment that is being processed. The index "i" keeps track of the number of points within one segment is processed. A decision 702 prevents the overflow of the buffer that contains the envelope. "I+Gradlen" is tested against "LEN" to prevent overflow of the buffer as shown in 702. The gradient is computed by:
where "L" is the step length, for instance 100. Therefore when there is an overflow, in step 703 the x(I+L) is set to zero. When there is no buffer overflow, the gradient is computed according to this above equation in step 704. The computation in process 703 caters to the case when the gradient to be computed is near the end of the buffer. The step 705 checks whether all the gradients within the "j" voice segment are computed. If it is true, it will proceed to step 706, else to decision 702. The step 706 increments the "j" to process the next voiced segment. The "i" is initialised to zero to start from the beginning of the segment. The decision 707 will check whether all voiced segments have been processed. It will proceed to decision 702 if not all voiced segments are processed.
The process 708 initialises the necessary parameters for the filtering operation. The filter smoothens the gradient to reduce roughness. The index of the buffer is tested as shown in 709 to prevent buffer overflow. The moving average filter is chosen to smoothen the gradient function. The filter is only applied to the voiced portions to reduce computation. The filter length is defined as FLEN and all data after the current value are summed as shown in 710. The index k is tested if it is greater than FLEN as shown in 711. The FLEN is chosen to be 200 in this invention. When the FLEN is reached, the gradient, grad, is updated as shown in 712. The process is repeated for all points inside the voiced portions, as shown in 713. The processes 709 through 714 are repeated until all voiced portions are processed.
Note Makers Extractor
Ideally, there is only a pair of positive and negative gradient peaks to mark the start and end of a note. However, human humming is not ideal and the problem is further complicated by the presence of expression that causes the amplitude in a particular note to change. Thus the note markers extractor has to remove invalid gradient peaks based on predefined criteria. These criteria are derived from the assumption that each note must be marked by an attack and followed immediately by a decay. Anything in between is considered a false alarm and has to be removed.
The flowchart in
Location of the legitimate attack
and decay in the gradient array.
The gradient value of the
legitimate attack and decay.
The algorithm enters a loop to search and remove all redundant markers as shown in 1004 through 1015. The next edge is detected using the edge detector starting from the location of the edge found in the last search as shown in 1004. The test 1005 ensures that the edge detector has found an edge. The 1007 tests for the case when an attack marker is detected while an attack marker is registered in the previous iteration. In this case, the attack marker detected is discarded and the index is incremented to the location of the attack marker as shown in 1011. The 1008 tests for the case when a decay marker is detected and an attack marker is detected in the previous iteration. Thus, the decay marker detected is registered as a legitimate decay marker as shown in 1012. The 1009 tests for the case when a decay marker is detected but a decay marker is registered at the previous iteration. Thus, the current detected marker replaces the previous one as shown in 1013. Finally, the 1010 tests for the case when an attack marker is detected and a decay marker is detected in the previous iteration. Therefore, the attack marker is registered as shown in 1014. At a time when the edge detector is unable to find any edge, there is a final registration of markers for those still pending, as shown in 1006. Since there are no more edges, the process 1006 breaks out of the loop and continues to the process 1016. The seg_count is calculated as the half of the total number of markers registered, as shown in 1016. The processes 1017 and 1018 update the markers struct with data from pos.
Gradient Threshold
Edge Detector
The On/OFF pulses as shown in
Pitch Detector
The pitch detector 202 detects the pitch of all note registered in the markers data structure. Every note interval is divided into blocks that consist of PLEN samples. The PLEN is chosen to be 100 in this invention. Thus the pitch detection range for an 8 KHz sampled audio signal is between 80 to 8 KHz. The signal in each block is assumed to be stationary and the pitch (frequency) is detected by autocorrelation as shown below:
where x(k) is the discrete time audio signal.
With this equation, a collection of pitch values that belong to the same note might be found. In an ideal case, these values are identical. However, the autocorrelation pitch detector is sensitive to harmonics that cause errors. Furthermore, the hummer might fail to maintain the pitch within the duration of a particular note.
A data structure is set up as described below using the syntax of the C programming language.
struct hum_des{ int pitch; int start; int interval; };
where markers is the struct that marks the start and the interval of the voiced portion. Thus there is an array of these markers with note_count members. The position and interval of a note are registered as:
The pitch values detected may vary due to the failure of a user to maintain the pitch within a single note. Step 1115 checks whether the count (compare step 1102) is greater than 4. The FindDom function as shown in 1117 finds the dominant pitch value. In this invention, the detected pitch values are corrected to the nearest MIDI number in 1118. The MDI number is computed as:
The floor(x) function returns a floating-point value representing the largest integer that is less than or equal to x. The process is repeated until all notes in the input data have their pitch detected as shown in 1119.
Dominant Pitch Detector
The function of a dominant pitch detector is to collect statistics from the collection of pitch values to find the prominent pitch values. In this invention, the k-mean clustering method is selected to find the prominent pitch values. The k-mean clustering method does not require any prior knowledge or assumption about the data except for the number of clusters required. Determining the number of clustering is problematic in most applications. In the current invention, the clustering algorithm only needs to cluster the pitch values into two groups: the prominent cluster and the outlier cluster.
The pitch values of the note under test are contained in the array pitch. The process 1212 compares the absolute distance of the pitch value from the two centres. The pitch value is added to the accumulators called, temp1 or temp2 depending on the result of the comparison as shown in 1213 and 1214. This process repeats until all the pitch values in the note are tested as shown in 1215. When the test in 1215 yields a "No," it is tested at 1216 and 1217 whether count 1 and count 2 (compare step 1211) >0 respectively. The new centres are computed and the member counts are incremented as shown in 1218 and 1219. They are the average of the member pitch values. The processes 1220 and 1221 test if the two centres change. If the two centres do not change, the iteration stops immediately. If there are changes in any of the centres, the iteration of the processes from 1211 through 1221 repeat until the maximum number of loops (MAXLOOP) has been reached as tested in step 1222. The maximum number of loops is 10 in this exemplary embodiment.
If the numbers of members of the two centres is close, as tested in 1223, the average of the two centres is returned as the dominant pitch. If they are not close enough and count 1>count 2 as determined at step 1224, the centre with the larger number of members is returned as the dominant pitch as shown in 1225 through 1227. In this way, the cluster with the highest number of members is classified as the prominent cluster while the other cluster is classified as the outlier cluster. The pitch of the note is set to the centre of the prominent cluster.
It is in fact possible for the invention to work without the silence discriminator.
Note extraction is a simple module to gather information from note marker generator and pitch detector. It then filled a structure that describe the begin time, duration and the pitch value. Feature extraction converts the note descriptors to feature that are used by the search engine. The current feature is the melody contour that is specified in the MPEG-7 standard. The description generation is an optional module that converts the feature to a format for storage or transmission.
Effects of Invention
The invention achieves the conversion of human (or animal—e.g. dolphin et al) humming, singing, whistling or other musical noises to musical notes. The gradient-based segmentation goes beyond the traditional segmentation method that relies on silence. The modified autocorrelation-based pitch detector can tolerate a user's failure to maintain pitch within a single note. This means that the user can hum naturally without consciously trying to pause between notes, which may not be easy for some users with little musical background.
While exemplary means of achieving the particular component processes have been illustrated, other means achieving similar ends can readily be incorporated.
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|Method for recognizing and selecting a tone sequence, particularly a piece of music
|Sep 27, 2001
|Nov 5, 2002
|Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
|Method and a system for recognizing a melody
|Aug 17, 2001
|Nov 5, 2002
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Method and apparatus for classifying a musical piece containing plural notes
|Oct 31, 2001
|Mar 4, 2003
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Music search by interactive graphical specification with audio feedback
|Oct 30, 1998
|Nov 9, 2004
|Yamaha Corporation
|Audio signal processor with pitch and effect control
|May 16, 2002
|Feb 21, 2006
|Pandora Media, Inc.
|Consumer item matching method and system
|Nov 27, 2001
|Jul 11, 2002
|Volker Stahl
|Method of identifying pieces of music
|Feb 7, 2002
|Jan 30, 2003
|Sibelius Software, Ltd.
|Music database searching
|Mar 4, 2004
|Sep 23, 2004
|Stewart Bradley C.
|Device and method for controlling electronic output signals as a function of received audible tones
|Apr 22, 2004
|Nov 11, 2004
|Toru Kitayama
|Apparatus and computer program for detecting and correcting tone pitches
|Oct 16, 2003
|Apr 21, 2005
|Hsuan-Huei Shih
|Humming transcription system and methodology
|Nov 28, 2002
|Mar 30, 2006
|Changsheng Xu
|Summarizing digital audio data
|Jun 24, 2005
|Dec 28, 2006
|American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
|Word recognition system and method for customer and employee assessment
|Nov 22, 2006
|May 31, 2007
|Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd.
|Music-piece retrieval and playback apparatus, and related method
|Nov 9, 2006
|Jun 14, 2007
|Sony Deutschland Gmbh
|Music information retrieval using a 3d search algorithm
|Nov 22, 2004
|Jul 12, 2007
|Koninklijke Philips Electronic, N.V.
|Searching in a melody database
|Mar 12, 2001
|Jul 19, 2007
|Tsui Chi-Ying
|Melody retrieval system
|Aug 7, 2000
|Feb 15, 2001
|Sibelius Software Ltd.
|Music database searching
|Li, et al. "Mandarin Four-tone Recognition with the Fuzzy C-means Algorithm" IEEE International Fuzzy Systems Conference Proceedings (1999) pp. 1059-1062.
|Smith, et al. "Music Information Retrieval Using Audio Input" Proc. AAAI Spring Symposium on Intelligent Integration and Use of Text, Image, Video, and Audio Corpora (1997) p. 1-5 http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~ihw/papers/97LAS-RJM-IHW-Music-Info.pdf.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 13, 2009
|Oct 18, 2011
|Soundhound, Inc.
|System and method for storing and retrieving non-text-based information
|Jul 29, 2009
|Feb 21, 2012
|Teie David Ernest
|Process of and apparatus for music arrangements adapted from animal noises to form species-specific music
|Oct 20, 2011
|Mar 25, 2014
|Sony Corporation
|Signal processing device, signal processing method, and program
|Oct 17, 2011
|Jun 9, 2015
|Soundhound, Inc.
|System and method for storing and retrieving non-text-based information
|Oct 20, 2014
|Mar 28, 2017
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Multimedia apparatus, music composing method thereof, and song correcting method thereof
|Aug 25, 2016
|May 2, 2017
|Gopro, Inc.
|Systems and methods for audio based synchronization using sound harmonics
|Aug 30, 2016
|May 16, 2017
|Gopro, Inc.
|Systems and methods for determining a repeatogram in a music composition using audio features
|Jul 25, 2016
|Jul 4, 2017
|Gopro, Inc.
|Systems and methods for audio based synchronization using energy vectors
|Jun 29, 2016
|Jul 18, 2017
|Berggram Development Oy
|Latency enhanced note recognition method in gaming
|Feb 5, 2016
|Sep 5, 2017
|Gopro, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for audio based video synchronization
|Jul 29, 2009
|Feb 4, 2010
|Teie David Ernest
|Process of and apparatus for music arrangements adapted from animal noises to form species-specific music
|Oct 13, 2009
|Feb 4, 2010
|Melodis Corporation
|System And Method For Storing And Retrieving Non-Text-Based Information
|Oct 17, 2011
|Feb 9, 2012
|Soundhound, Inc.
|System and method for storing and retrieving non-text-based information
|Oct 20, 2011
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|Takashi Shibuya
|Signal Processing Device, Signal Processing Method, and Program
|Jun 29, 2016
|Jun 29, 2017
|Berggram Development Oy
|Latency enhanced note recognition method in gaming
|U.S. Classification
|84/616, 84/609
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 6, 2009
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text:
Police in Hartford, Vermont, are looking for whoever spray-painted anti-Donald Trump graffiti on an elementary school.
Police say this happened overnight Monday at Dothan Brook Elementary School.
If you have any information, you are asked to call Hartford Police at 802-295-9425.
Published at 5:52 AM EDT on Oct 19, 2016 | Updated at 6:05 AM EDT on Oct 19, 2016


text:
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. (WIAT) — Birmingham firefighters are on the scene of a house fire on Daniel Payne Drive.
A house caught fire this morning. The house was occupied, but no one was inside at the time
Crews say the fire is under control and no one is hurt. The fire is under investigation.


text: Someone Found Me Posted on October 8, 2011 by admin Someone found my blog and was intrigued enough to send me a letter offering to help me with my project. I guess it's pretty noticeable that I don't know what I'm doing over here and probably could use lots of help, lol. I have such good intentions when it comes to blogging, I don't know why I'm resisting it so much. Once I finish a post I'm usually pleased with it. Read More


text:
TO: News Editors
DATE: September 12, 2016
CONTACT: Missy Goetschius, Public Relations Director, The Arc of Chemung
CONTACT INFO: 607.734.6151 x122 or email email@example.com
RE: NYSARC Trust Services Guardianship Grant Awarded to The Arc of Chemung
Elmira, NY – The Arc of Chemung announces that a grant, in the amount of $13,500, was recently received from NYSARC Trust Services to support their Guardianship Program.
The Arc of Chemung's Guardianship Program administers guardianship services under the auspices of NYSARC, Inc. Corporate Guardianship Program. This is a program that is intended to provide guardianship supports to individuals in need of such supports but who have limited availability of family or other natural supports to fulfill this role. The Guardianship Program focuses on the best interests of individuals, while taking into consideration the personal wishes, preferences and beliefs that afford each individual the greatest amount of independence and participation in decisions affecting the person's life.
NYSARC Trust Services administers supplemental needs trusts that enable people with disabilities to remain in their home and community while retaining Medicaid services and other government benefits. Information is available on how NYSARC Trust Services may benefit you: our website www.nysarctrustservices.org , phone 1-518-439-8323, toll free phone 1-800-735-8924 or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com.
Founded in 1953, The Arc of Chemung is a person-centered, not for profit organization committed to meeting the needs of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities and their families in the Chemung County area. The agency provides quality supports and opportunities for individual growth for every person supported by means of education, increased community acceptance and participation.
The Arc of Chemung supports nearly 800 individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities and their families annually. Learn more at www.arcofchemung.org. The Arc of Chemung is a chapter of the state agency, NYSARC, Inc. and is nationally accredited by The Council on Quality and Leadership (CQL).


text: I am a writer and will be publishing a number of ebooks on Amazon/kindle, Barnes & Noble, Apple I store etc. I am looking for freelance graphic designer or even competent graphic design hobbiest to produce front/rear covers for my e-books in return for a commission on the sale of the books. Interested parties can contact me on email@example.com look forward to hearing from you.


text:
Metro Car Handle Plus
Product Overview
Invacare Supply Group Metro Car Handle Plus
Metro Car Handle Plus
Allegro Medical presents the Metro Car Handle Plus. The Metro Car Handle Plus is a multifunctional device used to get in and out of a car safely. Fits securely into the striker of the car and supports up to 400 lbs so you can stand with confidence and ease. Features sturdy, lightweight construction and a sleek, ergonomic design, with a secret spare house key compartment and window ice scraper. Protects against falls and makes getting into/out of a car easier. Multi-use functions make it great for travel. No installation—slips into U-latch on car door frame. Works on driver or passenger sides.
Place Your Order Here
Invacare Supply Group Metro Car Handle Plus
Metro Car Handle Plus Reviews Summary
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Metro Car Handle Plus
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Part Number(s): 776 1121
Mfg Part Number(s): 2082
Scrip Part Number(s): 776 1121
Because our price on this item is lower than the manufacturer's suggested retail price, the manufacturer does not allow us to show you our price until you place the item in your shopping cart. Retailers like Allegro Medical have the legal right to sell products at prices we set. However, adding the item to your cart allows us to show you our lower price consistent with our promise of always offering you the lowest possible prices on the widest selection of medical supplies, medical equipment and life enhancing products.
Adding this item to your shopping cart won't require you to buy it. However, our prices do change. If you decide to purchase this item now you are guaranteed the price now displayed in your shopping cart. Complete your purchase by clicking on the "checkout" button or simply remove the product from your cart if you decide not to make your purchase at this time.


text:
Henry Ward Johns and C.B. Manville founded Johns Manville.
William Cooke published the first medical paper on asbestosis.
Asbestos industry leaders asked Dr. Anthony Lanza, assistant medical director at Metropolitan Life Insurance, to investigate asbestos disease among asbestos factory workers. The industry concealed results that showed high rates of asbestos-related illness.
P. Klemperer and C.B. Rabin explained diagnosis and pathology of pleural mesothelioma, a cancer affecting the lining of the lungs.
Raybestos-Manhattan and Johns Manville manipulated a study on asbestos textile workers to downplay the seriousness of asbestosis.
Turner & Newall convinced British government officials to limit asbestos regulations and safety inspections.
Lanza objected to hanging asbestos warning signs at a Johns Manville plant in Illinois because of the potential "legal situation."
London pathologist Steven Gloyne reported a case of lung cancer associated with asbestosis and suggested asbestos as a possible cause for mesothelioma.
Raybestos-Manhattan president Sumner Simpson wrote, "The less said about asbestos, the better off we are," in a letter to a Johns Manville attorney.
Johns Manville became a world leader in asbestos product sales.
Metropolitan Life blocked a safety inspection at a Johns Manville asbestos factory in New Jersey.
Dr. Kenneth Smith, future medical director of Johns Manville, advised the company against telling its sick workers they have asbestosis.
Irving Selikoff and colleagues uncovered a definitive link between asbestos exposure and cancer.
Asbestos industry leaders claimed they had no knowledge of asbestos health risks prior to 1964, but confidential documents prove otherwise.
In a confidential memo, a Bendix Corporation executive wrote, "If you have enjoyed a good life while working with asbestos products, why not die from it."
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classified asbestos as a hazardous air pollutant.
The first asbestos product lawsuit paved the way for thousands of future claims against asbestos companies.


text: On Wed, 29 Aug 2001, Richard A Nelson wrote: > On Wed, 29 Aug 2001, Eduard Bloch wrote: > > > Summary: we need an "changemaint" command in the BTS. It should be > > probably protected with PGP, though. > > That'd be nice, but if we do anything to the BTS, I'd like to request > an additional field in the bug record 'InterestedParties' where one > could register and receive copies of all mail regarding the bug Already started months ago(###-firstname.lastname@example.com, will be handled like a normal list). Haven't had time to finish the code.


text:
Commando Double take bikini briefs
Commando's combined luxe, raw-cut Italian microfiber with custom engineered lace for a bikini that is as comfortable as it is beautiful.
We love how they blend with skin and virtually disappear. Perfect to pair under our sheer robes for coverage, confidence, and comfort.
Available in Ivory Nude (shown on first image) and blush pink.
Luxury European microfiber 72% nylon, 28% spandex with engineered lace trim 84% nylon, 16% spandex
Mid-rise, full coverage
Raw-cut fabric elastic-free construction
100% cotton gusset
Made in the USA


text:
TRUMPETER Russell Bennett will be Scarborough Jazz's guest at the Cask next Wednesday.
Russell played last year at short notice when he deputised for Mark Chandler.
He began his career playing cornet for the Brackley and District Brass Band when he was six and was paid in Lego.
At the age of 15 he had changed to trumpet and was absorbing a wide range of musical influences. He was playing in a range of ensembles from big bands to symphony orchestras including the Midland Youth Jazz Orchestra.
Russell got a place at the Royal Northern College of Music in 2000 and finished with a degree and a jazz-improvisation prize.
Since then he has worked with a variety of musicians and ensembles across the UK, including the symphony orchestras of Liverpool and Birmingham, the Northern Symphonia and the Halle Orchestra.
He has made appearances on radio and TV including the Michael Parkinson Show with Harry Connick Jnr. Plenty of festival work comes his way and he's been on the main stage at Glastonbury with Tony Christie.
Russell plays with the Syd Lawrence Orchestra and last summer played at Ronnie Scott's in the Julian Joseph All Stars Big Band. For this gig, he will be backed by Peter Elsdon on piano, Bob Walker on bass and Paul Tilley on drums.


text:
This is just a compilation of short Naruhina stories that I write whenever I have an idea. ^^
( It was accidentally deleted so this is a reupload )
Note: I do not own any pictures nor references used in this story. All rights belong to the respective owners :)
- hinata
- naruhina
- naruto
- oneshot
No comments listed yet.


text:
These stores offer visitors with a little time on their hands plenty of shopping options in a relaxing and enjoyable atmosphere. Venues include Federal Hill News, The New York Times Bookstore and Explore! Rhode Island. These stores are accessible to ticketed passengers only.
iShoppes (Duty Free)
For those passengers traveling internationally, stop by the duty free kiosk across from Gate 8 on the South Concourse for a wide selection of candy, perfume, spirits, and other sundries that can be purchased and delivered to your flight.
Federal Hill News
Offers a variety of newspapers, magazines, books and sundries with convenient self-serve "H2o and Paper to Go" options for the hurried traveler. Located just after gate 7 on the South Concourse.
Explore! Rhode Island
Features many Rhode Island-made items. A perfect place for great for gift-giving items and souvenir shopping. Only in Rhode Island- Featuring items that are unique to the Ocean State, this store showcases local foods, artisans and much more- all created in Rhode Island. Located just after gate 7 on the South Concourse.
CNBC News
A news stand featuring a variety of daily newspapers and other print materials, drinks, snacks and gift items. Located just after gate 10 on the North concourse.
Sells high-quality sunglasses for both sport and fashion. Located across from gate 9 on the North Concourse.
Handbags, belts, jewelry, accessories and small leather goods can be found in this shop located adjacent to the food court in the center of the terminal.
Brooks Brothers
Located just after gate 15 on the North concourse, this shop offers a variety of business attire from shirts and ties to leisure ware and sweaters for men and women.
Ocean State Travel Mart
A news stand featuring books, magazines, snacks, drinks and gift items, located just after gate 14 on the North Concourse.
Gineva Jewelry
Family owned, locally designed and crafted jewelry made from carefully selected Murano, Italy glass. Located at gate 11 on the North Concourse.
Green Airport | 2000 Post Road, Warwick, RI 02886 | 888-268-7222
InterLink | 700 Jefferson Blvd. Warwick, RI 02886
© All Content Copyright 2014 RIAC | Contact Us | Privacy Policy | Directions | Photo Credits | Site Map


text:
Mining Cultures. Men, Women, and Leisure in Butte
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- Auditing and Theory (Book). Raby, William L.; Zeff, Stephen A. // Accounting Review;Apr64, Vol. 39 Issue 2, p534
Reviews the book "Auditing and Theory: A CPA Review," by Mary E. Murphy.
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A review is presented for the book "Say Hello Like This!" by Mary Murphy.
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- Catholic women chaplains: Yes and no. // Christian Century;5/19/93, Vol. 110 Issue 17, p547
Reports that a federal agency's policy that blocks women from serving as Roman Catholic chaplains at Veterans Administration (VA) hospitals has been ruled illegal by the federal appeals court in Denver. The 1964 Civil Rights Act; Mary Wilson Murphy, who sued the VA; Details.
- Selected Readings in Accounting and Auditing (Book). Cannon, Arthur M.; Kerrigan, Harry D. // Accounting Review;Oct52, Vol. 27 Issue 4, p565
Reviews the book "Selected Readings in Accounting and Auditing," edited by Mary E. Murphy.


text: I had a 2 hour drive yesterday, and I guess it pulled the weather update about an hour into my drive for the current location. Well it still thinks I'm there, even today, and even after I restarted the phone. I also have gone to menu > update, but it just updates the weather, not the location. GPS is also turned on. This is not the first time it has done this, and there is no possible way I'm anywhere near that city for it to be confused... Anyone else have this problem? Solutions?


text:
Beijing, May 2 (Reuters): China said today the worst appeared to be over for SARS-stricken Beijing as international experts said China faced a crucial battle in the next few months to contain the virus and stop it spreading globally.
Liang Wannian, deputy director general of Beijing Municipal Health Bureau, told a news conference the pneumonia-like disease was peaking in the capital, the hardest hit city in the world with 91 deaths and more than 1,600 cases.
Officials stressed it was too early to say when SARS would be brought under control in Beijing let alone in the vast countrys rural areas.
Since April 21, the number of SARS patients in Beijing has entered the peak period, Liang said, adding the conclusion was based on figures released by the health ministry yesterday.


text:
It seems that the latest MSE update to MSE version 184.108.40.206 has fixed my logon problem(s). At least under my Windows Vista 64-Bit installation.
A MSE 220.127.116.11 update showed up via Windows Update. I'm currently experiencing no login problems as with MSE ver. 4.9.
Update for Microsoft Security Essentials - 188.8.131.52 (KB3193414)
10/2/2016 Virus and Spyware definitions: 1.229.709.0


text:
CWCSA THE GLOBAL LEADER IN WEIGHBRIDGE TECHNOLOGY is a manufacturer and supplier of concrete and steel weighbridges for axle weighing and gross vehicle mass weighing of ANY road trucks, dumper trucks, front loaders and train trucks. we also offer service and maintenance contracts for new and existing weighbridges and verification. CONTACT Gareth 071 675 8331
Published: Nov 29, 2016


text: hi, my punto is four year old. one week ago driver side window did not roll up after getting down. took to mahesh fiat service centre, guwahati. after checking they told electronic control need to be changed. they informed all the four power window is controlled by one electronic control. even if any one power window develops fault electronic panel need to change. got the work done. electronic control price is Rs 8990. total charge including labour charge is 9349. shocked to see the price. hope problem did not develop again.