text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 5, 2007
|Filing date
|Nov 18, 2002
|Priority date
|Dec 17, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Michael E. Muhle, Ke Nguyen, Charles E.A. Finney, Stuart C. Daw
|Original Assignee
|Unication Technolofies, Llc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (21), Non-Patent Citations (30), Referenced by (2), Classifications (21), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a method of controlling the continuity of a fluidized bed gas phase reactor by examining signal complexity. Specifically, the invention relates to a method of detecting sheeting in the reactor by employing non-linear dynamics to evaluate signal complexity and determine reactor continuity. The invention also relates to controlling the reactor continuity by determining a sheeting precursor state and allowing a counter measure to be applied to prevent sheeting occurrences.
2. Related Art
Recirculating fluid-bed reactors are particularly advantageous due to their uniform composition and temperature, ease of sampling and intensive mixing. Ideal reactor continuity requires stable and high production rates, an absence of sheeting occurrences (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,436,304 and 5,405,922, which are incorporated herein by reference), and consequently constant production rate. In a sheeting event, maintenance of fluid-bed reactors involves a complete shutdown that translates directly into lost production time. Unfortunately, methods are not known to prevent such catastrophic events.
Reactor operability results from a triad of intercalated parts: catalyst and process chemistry, surface and physical chemistry, and reaction engineering. The latter comprises catalyst delivery systems, particle growth, heat generation and removal, particle morphology, fluidization behavior, condensing mode effects, and process control. Of these factors, efficient removal of heat generated during reactor operation that exceeds rates of heat generation is the crux of understanding and maintaining reactor continuity.
Heat transfer is efficient provided the reaction environment is tailored to provide an acceptably wide thermal stability window at macroscale (whole system), microscale (intra-particle) and mesoscale (inter-particle) levels of operation. To completely control heat transfer, basic principles must be understood. It is widely known that heat transfer results from either conductive or convective mechanisms. This is described in terms of thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer coefficients. These variables are used to derive a Nusselt number (Nu), which has been correlated to single drops of evaporating liquids. It has generally been assumed that the same correlation applies to multi-phase gas-solid flow, however, the role of particle-particle interactions is neglected (mesoscale level). Ignoring the contribution suggests that the correlation is only valid for highly dilute systems. Recently, several reports on the multi-phase heat transfer process based on experimental and theoretical principles have emerged.
Despite the growing interest in the Nusselt number, recent computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies point to the importance of particle-particle interactions in gas-phase polyethylene polymerization. Results of these studies indicate that a large temperature differential exists between small and larger particles and that inter-particle effects are more influential than an intra-particle gradient. This means that if two particles of approximately the same size make physical contact, a hot spot forms between them. Additionally, if small, highly active particles are shielded from the gas flow without any contact, rapid overheating of the particles occurs. Isolated particles are predicted to be thermally stable provided the reaction is at a constant polymerization rate. It has also been reported that physical contact between small, hot particles and larger, relatively cool particles aids in avoiding overheating. This effect is attributed to the minor role of thermal conduction and convective heat transfer between particles.
The particle surface of a healthy reactor wall is constantly renewed, which is largely determined by the particle residence time. If the particle residence time at the wall is short, then kinetic energy is high and a small adiabatic temperature rise is observed. Thus, fluctuations in heat-flux measurements indicate the degree of particle mixing or residence time at the reactor wall. Noteworthy, steady-state conditions for an individual particle is rapid and occurs within 0.1 seconds or less. Short residence times produce high heat-transfer coefficients and lower temperatures at the wall. As layers of particles accrete to form polymer sheets, the heat-transfer coefficient decreases. Consequently, excess temperatures result in particle fusion and melting, thereby producing polymer sheets. Following this, disruption in fluidization patterns is generally evident, such as, for example, catalyst feed interruption, plugging of the product discharge system, and the occurrence of the sheets (fused agglomerates) in the product.
Maintaining constant and consistent fluidization in a reactor is critical to high throughout. Fluidized bulk density measurements indicate bed-level oscillations, bubbles and slugs. Slugs may also be formed due to the coalescence of bubbles, in particular where there is a high gas/solid ratio. As pressure decreases, the existing gas expands and forms bubbles. Bubbles of gas increase in size and then coalesce to form gas plugs that separate the solid emulsion phase into slugs. The occurrence of slug flow leads to large variations in mass-flow-rates and a decrease in pressure in the reactor. The large amplitude waves move at a velocity less than the mixture velocity.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,148,405, which is incorporated herein by reference, describes the use of acoustic emission to measure slug flow in a multiphase flow pipeline. In a pipeline, disruptions in flow result from gravitational forces, thereby causing stratified unstable waves to grow on the gas/liquid interface that eventually bridge a pipe and form slugs.
Many advantages are afforded by acoustic emissions measurements, namely, real-time information and quantitative and qualitative process control. Acoustic emission is a non-invasive technique that involves either active or passive detection to measure energy in the form of vibrational waves. In general, acoustics refer to the generation, transmission and reception of energy, which can pass through gases, liquids and solids.
Pressure in a reactor is often monitored to indicate indirectly the state of fluidization in the system as a whole by detecting bed-flow oscillations. Pressure differentials are commonly measured with pressure taps. Pressure differentials provide a qualitative measure of the reactor operability and, thus, do not predict or allow prevention of major continuity disturbances. An analysis technique that functions on-line in a manner such that precursors of sheeting states are identified in real-time has not been described.
Because many variables in a reactor system effect non-linear response, use of non-linear models to control the chemical processes resulting in such non-linear effects are recognized in the art. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,263,355, which is incorporated herein by reference, describes a rapid noise filter that minimizes spurious control events by removing noise in a sensor or controller output signal. U.S. Pat. No. 6,122,557, which is incorporated herein by reference, teaches a method for controlling a chemical reactor, preferably the pressure, using a feed-forward subroutine for calculating parametric balances responsive to multivariable inputs which takes advantage of a rapid noise filtering subroutine.
The present invention employs non-linear analytical models derived from a continuous reactor in determining the onset and presence of sheeting. Thus, the present invention provides a cost effective and efficient method to evaluate reactor operation in a fluidized bed reactor in order to control major continuity disturbances in the reactor, in. particular, sheeting events. It is these aspects of evaluation, analysis and control of reactor continuity that are addressed herein.
The present invention provides a method of evaluating a commercial gas-phase fluid bed reactor continuity by measuring at least one system variable, filtering the data to demodulate a time series and calculating a signal, which is indicative of reactor continuity. System variables comprise an acoustic emission, a differential pressure, a bed total weight/volume, a fluidized bulk density, a static voltage and a reactor wall temperature.
Further, the present invention provides a method of determining reactor continuity by measuring acoustic transmission, filtering the transmission data and calculating a signal that determines a precursor state of sheeting, a change in fluidization or a fluidization transition state.
The invention also provides a method of controlling reactor continuity in a gas-phase fluid bed reactor comprising measuring at least one system variable over time, filtering the data set to demodulate a time series and calculating a signal from the filtered data. The reactor continuity is determined by comparing the calculated signal for the reactor to a signal of a control reactor and, if necessary, is controlled by applying a counter measure and such determinations and/or control by the application of counter measure can be a performed locally or remotely using well-known effective communications and connectivity technologies.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and the specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.
The following drawings form part of the present specification and are included to further demonstrate certain aspects of the present invention. The invention may be better understood by reference to one or more of these drawings in combination with the detailed description of specific embodiments presented herein:
As used herein the specification, "a" or "an" may mean one or more. As used herein in the claim(s), when used in conjunction with the word "comprising", the words "a" or "an" may mean one or more than one. As used herein "another" may mean at least a second or more. By "locally" as used herein reference to reactor continuity determinations and controlling with counter measures, it is meant with the battery limits of the polymerization plant comprising the reactor and post-reactor process system. By "remotely" as used herein reference to reactor continuity determinations and controlling with counter measures, it is meant outside the battery limits of the polymerization plant comprising the reactor and post-reactor process system, including greater distances such as, for example, with centralized determinations and control being located in the United States of America for a polymerization plant located in southern hemisphere.
Optimal reactor continuity is preferred and refers to a steady and efficient operation of a gas-phase fluidized bed reactor. The continuity results from the cumulative effects of system variables such as fluidized bulk density, reactor and reactor wall temperature, static voltage, bed volume and bed pressure. A disturbance in the reactor continuity adversely effects production. A major disturbance is characterized by, for example, sheeting which refers to the formation or agglomeration of polymer sheets on a reactor wall or dome (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,436,304 and 5,405,922). Generally, major sheeting events require a reactor shutdown to correct. The invention relates to monitoring, detecting, analyzing, and controlling the reactor continuity during reaction initiation, nascent growth of the polymer, and termination of polymerization.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of determining reactor continuity comprising the steps of measuring at least one system variable of the reactor during a time period to generate data, filtering the data to demodulate a time series, calculating a signal from the filtered data and determining the reactor continuity by comparing the calculated signal to a signal of a control reactor.
In a specific embodiment the time period comprises a time required to collect more than one data point. In a specific embodiment, the system variable includes acoustic emission, a differential bed pressure, a bed total weight/volume, a fluidized bulk density, a static voltage and a reactor wall temperature.
The data preferably comprises high speed data that is obtained at a collection rate greater than 1 Hz. This includes measurements recorded, at least, at 10 data points per second for a duration of 1–60 minutes. The data acquisition process is iterative at a range of collection rates from minutes to hourly intervals. This high speed data is low passed filtered with a cutoff frequency of about 40 Hz, thus, frequency content above 40 Hz, or any event shorter than 25 msec in duration, is attenuated. Data recorded at about 1 point per second continuously throughout a test span are considered low speed data. A skilled artisan recognizes that data collection rates vary with experimental conditions, and the rate employed is sufficient to detect reactor continuity. A skilled artisan is aware that the appropriate instruments used to obtain data (i.e., bed pressure is measured by using a pressure tap) are well known in the art.
In a preferred specific embodiment, the high speed data comprises a filtered fluidized bulk density, a bed total pressure drop, a static voltage, an acoustic emission and a skin thermocouple measurement. A skilled artisan is aware that the appropriate instruments used to obtain data are commercially available.
In a specific embodiment, the calculated signal comprises entropy, which demonstrates a shift, preferably a decrease, in the calculated signal as a result of a disturbance in reactor continuity.
In another specific embodiment, the calculated signal comprises a cycle time, which demonstrates a significant change, preferably an increase, in the calculated signal as a result of a continuity disturbance. By the phrase "cycle time" is meant the average residence time of particles at the reactor wall and is a function of bubble generation and fluidization characteristics. Cycle time is derived from data obtained from measuring at least one system variable that indicates reactor continuity, such as fluidized bulk density and reactor wall temperature.
In alternative specific embodiment, the signal comprises a mean deviation. The terms "mean deviation", "average absolute deviation" and "mean absolute deviation" are used interchangeably. The mean deviation (MD) is used as a measure of the magnitude of signal fluctuation, determined by the following equation (EQU. 1)
MD=<|x i −
In this sense, MD is like standard deviation or variance where xi is the measurement at index i,
In another specific embodiment, the reactor continuity determined by the method of the present invention comprises a precursor state of sheeting, a change in fluidization, and a fluidization transition state.
An alternative embodiment further comprises determining the reactor continuity by comparing a cycle time for the reactor to a mean deviation of the same reactor, wherein an increase in the cycle time and a concomitant decrease in the mean deviation indicates a decrease in reactor continuity, and specifically the presence of sheeting.
Another specific embodiment provides for filtering the data comprising a low pass filter, including a wavelet dyadic filter, a Clapp-Hively filter and a root mean square. Preferably, the filter demodulates the time series to produce distinctive indications of reactor continuity.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a method of determining a reactor continuity comprising the steps of applying an acoustic emission sensor to a reactor wall, measuring an acoustic transmission to generate data, filtering the data to demodulate a time series, calculating a signal for the time series and determining the reactor continuity by comparing the calculated signal to a signal of a control reactor. One skilled in the art recognizes that calculated signal from a first time series is a suitable control reactor for comparison of a calculated signal from a second time series of the same reactor. In this instance, an alteration in the calculated signal of the second time series as compared with the calculated signal of a first times series indicates an altered reactor continuity.
In a specific embodiment, the acoustic emission is measured in the range of about 100 kHz to 400 kHz and preferably 190 kHz. In a further specific embodiment, the acoustic emission is measured with a passive acoustic emission detector although an active acoustic emission detector is also contemplated.
In a specific embodiment, the data is filtered comprising a low pass filter such as, for example, a Clapp-Hively filter, a wavelet filter, or by extracting a root mean square.
In another specific embodiment, the calculated signal includes an entropy, a cycle time, a mean deviation, a correlation dimension, power spectrum, and an eigenvalue spectrum. The latter is generated, for example, by applying a principal component analysis.
In a specific embodiment, determining the reactor continuity includes determining a precursor state of sheeting, a change in fluidization and/or a fluidization transition state.
In yet another embodiment is a method of controlling reactor continuity in a gas-phase fluid bed reactor comprising the steps of measuring at least one system variable of the reactor during a time period to generate data, filtering the data to demodulate a time series, calculating a signal from the filtered data, determining the reactor continuity by comparing the calculated signal for the reactor to a calculated signal of a control reactor and applying a counter measure to control reactor.
In a specific embodiment, the system variable comprises an acoustic emission, a differential pressure, a bed total weight/volume, a fluidized bulk density, a static voltage and a reactor wall temperature. In a further specific embodiment, the acoustic emission is measured with a passive acoustic emission detector.
In a preferred specific embodiment, the data set comprises high speed data that includes a filtered fluidized bulk density, a bed total pressure drop, a static voltage, an acoustic emission and a skin thermocouple measurement.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the calculated signal comprises a signal entropy, a cycle time and a mean deviation. In calculating a signal, a cycle time is preferred, but is not limited to, data that is nonstationary (i.e., fluidized bulk density). The entropy is a measure of signal complexity such that a decrease in entropy suggests a decrease in mixing, a decrease in reactor continuity and excess polymer formation on and/or near the reactor wall.
In a specific embodiment, the counter measure comprises injecting a poison into the reactor, which includes, for example, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water. In another specific embodiment, the counter measure comprises adding anti-static and pro-static agents (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,803,251 and 5,391,657, which are incorporated herein by reference).
In yet other specific embodiments, the counter measure comprises adjusting a temperature of the reactor, adjusting a velocity of a medium, adding a reactor surface modifier, such as aluminum distearate, and adding a gas pulse. In an embodiment in which a gas pulse is added as a counter measure, the gas pulse is preferably iterative and added until a desired reactor continuity and/or operability is achieved.
In further specific embodiments, the counter measure comprises adjustments to monomer partial pressure, to reactor bed level, to catalyst feed rate, and to ethylene feed rate.
In an alternative embodiment, the method further comprises determining reactor continuity by comparing a cycle time for the reactor to a mean deviation of the reactor.
The reactor wall temperature is a system variable readily measured with skin-thermocouples. These signals experience long-time-scale drifts in local mean, perhaps associated with "cold cells" in the reactor dynamics. Although these drifts contain some information of interest, they create problems for some numerical algorithms. To reduce the drifts, the Clapp-Hively filter, a wavelet filter or a root mean square of the data is employed. The Clapp-Hively filter is a zero-phase-shift, second-order polynomial fit, and it demodulates the signal into low and high pass bands. For example, a first data point represents a vertex of a parabola in the filtered data. This is computed by applying a least-square fit comprising two data points preceding the first data point and two points succeeding the first data point. The effect of the filter is to separate the time series into low and high pass bands. The filter window width (the number of preceding and succeeding points used in the polynomial fit) determines the break frequency of the filter. Because the window is symmetric, the filter has zero phase shift.
An illustration of how the filter works on skin-thermocouple measurements is shown in
The average cycle time is the time-averaged duration for a signal's reconstructed phase-space trajectory to traverse an orbit. Practically, this value is estimated using a form of Poincar� sectioning based on successive directional crossings of a defined threshold.
A cycle time is calculated by choosing a threshold (the segment defined by gray-circle points at the perimeter in the time series) and by measuring the interval between successive threshold crossings (the open-circle points and the solid-circle point in the time series); the phase-space orbit is shown as the segment on the trajectory plot beginning and ending with gray-circle points. Delay-coordinate embedding is discussed further by Schouten J. C., Takens F., and van den Bleek C. M. in "Maximum-likelihood estimation of the entrophy of an attractor", Physical Review E 49, pp. 126–129 (1994), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The Daw adaptation of the Delft maximum-likelihood estimator of Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy is employed as a measure of signal complexity (see Schouten J. C., Takens F., van den Bleek C. M., "Maximum-likelihood estimation of the entrophy of an attractor", Physical Review E 49, pp. 126–129 (1994) and Schouten J. C., van den Bleek C. M., "Monitoring the quality of fluidization using the short-term predictability of pressure fluctuations", AIChE Journal 44: 48–60 (1998), which are incorporated herein by reference). Briefly, the estimator {acute over (K)}ML quantifies the rate at which entropy is generated in the attractor by measuring the time for nearby trajectory segments to diverge. The method relies on a time-scale parameter, the segment length, and a length-scale parameter; the cutoff length. Based on these parameters, a single number is obtained for each measurement time series, and this number is compared over a range of bed operating conditions to correlate signal complexity with a sheeting propensity.
Another measure of signal complexity based on data symbolization is a modified form of Shannon entropy. Symbolization coarse-grains time-series data, and when a symbol series is "embedded" and encoded the frequencies of dynamical patterns are easily catalogued. The symbol-sequence histogram is such a catalog, and its tally is affected by three parameters: the symbol-set size, the sequence length, and the inter-symbol interval. The Shannon entropy is a measure of the degree of organization of the symbol-sequence histogram; in effect, it is a measure of how randomly the time series behaves, given the chosen length and time scales of observation. A modified form of Shannon entropy (HSM) is used and is given by where Nseq is the number of sequences observed with non-zero frequency and pI is the observed probability of sequence i. For "random" data, HSM≈1, for nonrandom data, 0<HSM<1 (Finney C. E. A., Green J. B. Jr., Daw C. S., "Symbolic time-series analysis of engine combustion measurements", SAE Paper No. 980624 (1998) and Tang X. Z., Tracy E. R., "Data compression and information retrieval via symbolization", Chaos 8, pp. 688–696 (1998), the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference).
Acoustic emission is employed to compare interference patterns or changes in fluidization patterns of a reactor to evaluate reactor continuity, preferably by determining the presence of or predicting the onset of sheeting. An acoustic emission transducer is used to apply the ultrasonic frequency to the reactor wall at positions that either are vulnerable to sheeting occurrences or are not vulnerable to sheeting occurrences. Detection of an ultrasonic sound pattern, also known as an acoustic emission, is measured by active or passive sonar detectors. A skilled artisan is aware that ultrasonic frequency ranges refer to frequencies from about 20 kHz to about 1 MHz although no well-defined upper limit is recognized. In the instant case, 190 kHz is used but one of ordinary skill in the art is able to envision other ultrasonic frequencies to produce sound patterns indicative of the reactor continuity. Specifically, in a fluid-bed, acoustic emissions from particle impacts at or near the reactor wall are measured and include, but are not limited to, particle-wall interactions and particle-particle interactions.
In the case of a fluid-bed, emissions from particle impacts at or near the reactor wall are measured by "hearing" particle-wall and particle-particle contacts. By detecting only those frequencies in the ultrasonic frequency range the measured emissions consist primarily of those transmitted through the reactor wall. In this way the background noise that would be transmitted through air would not be detected at the ultrasonic frequencies, thereby increasing the signal-to-noise ratio.
The acoustic emission (AE) is measured as transmission which refers to the transfer of energy in the form of regular mechanical vibration through a solid, liquid or gaseous medium. A skilled artisan is aware that acoustic transmission depends on the displacement of individual molecules. Applying a burst of acoustic energy effects an oscillation in accordance with the frequency pattern of the displacement. An acoustic transducer converts these oscillations or disturbances in the natural random motion of individual molecules into electrical impulses. In the instant case, an AC signal is converted to DC via an RMS conversion using the following equation (EQU. 2):
RMS of AE=A 2 =G 0 mρ f v n 3 (2)
Her n represents the number of samples in the sampling period and xi is the data point value at time i. If necessary the analogue electrical signal is amplified by use of a preamplifier. This provides the output capable of driving the signal over long distances. The transducer is suitably placed in direct contact with the external reactor wall. To ensure a good acoustic coupling between the transducer and the metal surface silicon grease or other suitable material may be used. A steady, but higher than background, level is observed as the body of the gas bubble passes, and then the signal finally decreases to the background level following the rear of the bubble. Such a characteristic trace is associated with the turbulence energy of the different parts of the bubble. Any events which consist of a variation in the local gas or liquid flow rates may be detected as a change in the signal level. Such events may be observed, for example, as alterations in signal level.
As described herein, non-linear analysis, also referred to as chaos analysis, allows detection of fluidization changes in a polyethylene reactor, detection of sheeting, and identifies sheeting precursors. A model relationship is used to establish a physical concept between sheeting and process measurements. Within the scope of this invention is a diagnostic method using non-linear analysis to determine reactor continuity, and specifically, determine the onset and/or presence of sheeting, thereby reducing the negative impact of sheeting on reactor operability.
The following examples are included to demonstrate preferred embodiments of the invention. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the techniques disclosed in the examples which follow represent techniques discovered by the inventor to function well in the practice of the invention, and thus can be considered to constitute preferred modes for its practice. However, those of skill in the art should, in light of the present disclosure, appreciate that many changes can be made in the specific embodiments which are disclosed and still obtain a like or similar result without departing from the concept, spirit and scope of the invention. More specifically, it will be apparent that certain agents that are both chemically and physiologically related may be substituted for the agents described herein while the same or similar results would be achieved. All such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope and concept of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Data-set Definitions
High-speed data consisted of filtered fluidized bulk density, bed total pressure drop, static voltage, skin thermocouple and acoustic emission. The high-speed measurements were typically recorded at 200 samples per second for a duration of five minutes once per hour; the 1999–11 data were recorded at more frequent intervals. Before being sampled and recorded, the transducer signals for the bulk density, total bed weight, static and acoustic emission were analog low-pass filtered with a cutoff frequency of 40 Hz, so that frequency content above 40 Hz, or any event shorter than 25 msec in duration, was attenuated. The skin thermocouple data were decimated by a factor of 10 and low-pass filtered using a simple RC filter with a cutoff frequency of 5 Hz.
Low-speed data consisted of skin thermocouple, reactor static and bed pressure and temperature. The low-speed measurements were recorded at 5 samples per second continuously throughout the test span.
Acoustic emission data was acquired using commercially available transducers (Process Analysis & Automation) with an applied frequency of 190 kHz. The transducers were located at several positions on the external reactor wall: distributor plate, reaction zone, transition side of the dome, and the recycle line.
Data Selection for Non-linear Analysis
This process involved evaluating the completeness of the data record, specifically regarding relationship to known sheeting incidents, and evaluating the integrity of the data through analytical means. Data was excluded only if a massive sheeting incident occurred and the reactor required shut down. Glitches in the measurement signals that disqualified data from further analysis included visible nonstationarity (slow drift in mean), sharp amplitude changes, and signal saturation or overdiscretization. Additionally, data taken during logged process transients were excluded from analysis to avoid spurious identification of signal changes unrelated to natural transition to sheeting. Other process artifacts, specifically sharp pressure changes during product discharge, were identified to exclude these anomalies from analysis. In the later part of the data series, the FBD measurements contain strong spikes associated with product discharges, whereas in the earlier series, such spikes are barely visible, if at all. The reason for these differences is unknown.
Data analyzed incorporated a wide range of operating conditions including a marked presence of sheeting events. These data and their labels are "SAMPLE 1"("unstable"), "SAMPLE 2" ("transition" or "intermediate") and "SAMPLE 3" ("stable"), where the stability label refers to propensity for sheeting.
The low-speed skin-thermocouple measurements generally contain very long time-scale mean shifts (possibly evidence of "cold cells", local areas of lower temperature because of reduced reaction rates) and some degree of discretization. Because of their value in indicating sheeting events, none of the thermocouple signals was rejected, but all were detrended to remove the long-term drift before analysis. Because most tests in time-series analysis presume stationarity, verification of stationarity was the next step in identifying data suitable for further analysis.
Stationarity implies that certain statistical measures of a time series do not change over time. The Kennel phase-space stationarity test was employed to test for stationarity (see Kennel M. B, "Statistical test for dynamical nonstationarity in observed time-series data", Physical Review E 56, pp. 316–321 (1997), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference). This test evaluates whether similar time-series patterns are evenly distributed over time, or whether these patterns are biased to a certain location in the time series. The Kennel test has been employed extensively in previous work with PE-bed pressure data (see Kennel M. B, "Statistical test for dynamical nonstationarity in observed time-series data", Physical Review E 56, pp. 316–321 (1997), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference).
Cycle Time Analysis
Cycle time data filtered using a Daubechies second order wavelet indicated that sheeting is predicted within 5–12 minutes with average of 7.5 minutes warning. The cycle time was characteristic for each catalyst type and indicative of the resin residence time at the reactor wall. Based on this, residence times of 2–5 minutes stagnation seem to result in sheeting. Sheeting residence times agree with calculations of thermal runaway. Applying a counter measure such as short, iterative pulses of H2, changing the velocity of the medium, injecting poisons such as CO2, CO, oxygen or water, anti-static or pro-static agents, adjusting the temperature of the reactor, altering the monomer partial pressure, reactor bed level, catalyst feed rate, and ethylene feed rate present viable mechanisms to control the reactor continuity.
Fluidized Bulk Density (FBD) Measurements
Because the FBD measurement series tended to be moderately to strongly nonstationary, complexity measures were eschewed in favor of the average cycle time, which was expected to be less adversely affected by nonstationarity.
In three data series, "SAMPLE 4" parts 3, 6, and 7, the average cycle times of the FBD time series shifted dramatically before or near indications of sheeting, as seen in the skin-thermocouple measurements.
A second set of FBD data were based on runs to produce several very low density (VLDPE) samples using "SAMPLE 2" catalyst. Several process changes occurred before 12:30, and at 13:00 some lower-bed TI activity was observed. In period between 13:23 and 18:00, the FBD signal complexity, as quantified by the Kolmogorov entropy, steadily increased, as seen in
Entropy, Mean Deviation and Cycle Time
A significant correlation between the mean deviation and average cycle times and the propensity to sheet was observed. For the "unstable" case (
For the "intermediate" case (
For the "stable" case (
There is a correlation between mean deviation, average cycle time and the propensity for different grades to sheet. This correlation is depicted in
The symbolization-based Shannon entropy also has distinct trends leading up to sheeting, as seen in
Evaluating Reactor Continuity
The data indicates that trends are evident to determine reactor continuity and specifically the onset or presence of sheeting in the reactor. In both fluidized bulk density and skin-thermocouple measurements, signal time scales shift significantly preceding or during an identified sheeting incident.
In the fluidized bulk density measurements, it is conjectured that changes in signal complexity also show up as changes in signal time scales because fluidization patterns shift, either as a result of sheeting or as a pre-state conducive to sheeting. The fluctuations in the FBD measurements are directly related to two processes: bed-level oscillations and bubble passages, as depicted schematically in
Fluctuations in the skin-thermocouple or heat-flux measurements are conjectured to indicate the degree of particle mixing or residence time at the reactor wall. With very short residence times, the heat-transfer coefficient at the wall is high, and temperature is high. As layers of particles accrete, the heat-transfer, coefficient decreases. As these layers are eroded away, the coefficient rise again, and the measured temperature becomes high again. This process is depicted schematically in
Acoustic Emission and Non-Linear Dynamics
Acoustics refer to the generation, transmission and reception of energy in the form of vibrational waves. The acoustic emission of a fluidized bed allows the measurement of particle-particle impacts at or near the wall, including particle-wall impacts. The wall vibrational energy is called "white" noise or acoustical "shot" noise. Acoustic emission is directly related to the granular temperature T*, a fluidization parameter. It is defined as the square fluctuation velocity and measures downward convective flow of particles at the reactor wall. Measuring the acoustic emission of a reactor during a run using a slurry fed catalyst produced characteristic signals for disturbances in reactor continuity prior to a dome sheet dislodging and falling into the bed. In the case of a dry catalyst feed, similar predictive data was observed. A comparison of acoustic emission amplitude to superficial gas velocity indicated a near-linear relationship.
Calculating the Kolmogorov entropy of differential pressure and skin thermocouple data coupled with particle mechanics using a time series embedding and a singular value decomposition indicated that fluidization varies depending on factors such as resin type, anti-foulant level and the state of the distributor plate. Further, precursor sheeting states for dome sheeting were determined as much as 8 hours in advance as was indicated by evaluating more than one system variable. The average absolute deviation or mean deviation calculated on reactors running different catalysts indicated distinct changes in reactor continuity and fluidization in both cases. Similar indications were observed upon calculated cycle times and Kolmogorov entropy of the same data set.
Catalyst Transitions
An eigenvalue equation is used to quantify observable entities and comprise an operator, or a mathematical sequence of operations, as a function (eigenfunction) of the system. The value of the quantity being calculated is the eigenvalue. By standardizing eigenvalues to the eigenvalue of a principal component employing an embedding dimension of 10, a multi-dimensional chart depicting the calculated eigenvalues for a sequence was developed (
The following documents provide additional teachings towards understanding the present invention: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,436,304; 5,405,922; 4,803,251; 5,391,657; 6,263,355; 6,122,557; 5,857,978; 5,743,860; and 5,626,145 as well as McKenna, Spitz, Cokljat AlChEJ, 45 (1999); Finney C. E. A., Green J. B. Jr., Daw C. S., "Symbolic time-series analysis of engine combustion measurements", SAE Paper No. 980624 (1998); Kennel M. B, "Statistical test for dynamical nonstationarity in observed time-series data", Physical Review E 56, pp. 316–321 (1997); Packard N., Crutchfield J., Farmer J. D., Shaw R. "Geometry from a time series", Physical Review Letters 45, pp. 712–716 (1980); Schouten J. C., Takens F., van den Bleek C. M., "Maximum-likelihood estimation of the entrophy of an attractor", Physical Review E 49, pp. 126–129 (1994); Schouten J. C., van den Bleek C. M., "Monitoring the quality of fluidization using the short-term predictability of pressure fluctuations", AIChE Journal 44: 48–60 (1998); and Tang X. Z., Tracy E. R., "Data compression and information retrieval via symbolization", Chaos 8, pp. 688–696 (1998), the disclosures of all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 27, 1980
|Jun 22, 1982
|The Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology
|Fluidized bed reactor
|Nov 4, 1987
|Feb 7, 1989
|Union Carbide Corporation
|Method for reducing sheeting during polymerization of alpha-olefins
|Feb 12, 1987
|Aug 15, 1989
|Bp Chemicals Limited
|Detection of anomalies in gas fluidized bed polymerization
|Mar 2, 1989
|Feb 19, 1991
|Exxon Research And Engineering Company
|Passive acoustics process to monitor fluidized bed level
|May 22, 1989
|Jun 11, 1991
|Exxon Research And Engineering Company
|Passive acoustics system to monitor fluidized bed systems
|Dec 21, 1993
|Jul 25, 1995
|The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy
|Fluidization quality analyzer for fluidized beds
|Oct 3, 1994
|Jul 25, 1995
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|Process for polymerizing monomers in fluidized beds
|Feb 8, 1996
|Jul 15, 1997
|Nippon Petrochemicals Company, Limited
|Method for vapor phase polymerization of alpha-olefin
|Oct 13, 1995
|Apr 14, 1998
|The University Of Western Ontario
|Fiber optic sensor for sensing particle movement in a catalytic reactor
|Oct 31, 1996
|Dec 28, 1999
|Oxford Instruments America, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for measuring conditions in fluidized beds
|Dec 31, 1998
|Aug 29, 2000
|Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation
|Static control in olefin polymerization
|Dec 23, 1997
|Sep 19, 2000
|Montell North America Inc.
|Non-linear model predictive control method for controlling a gas-phase reactor including a rapid noise filter and method therefor
|Jun 1, 1996
|Nov 7, 2000
|Solvay Polyolefins Europe-Belgium (Societe Anonyme)
|Control method for processes of synthesis of chemical products
|May 16, 2000
|May 7, 2002
|Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation
|Method of detecting and correcting local defluidization and channeling in fluidized-bed reactors for polymerization
|Mar 8, 2001
|Apr 15, 2003
|Univation Technologies, Llc
|Method and apparatus for reducing static charges during polymerization of olefin polymers
|Nov 20, 2003
|Dec 14, 2004
|Univation Technologies, Llc
|Static measurement and detection in a gas phase polyethylene reactor
|Feb 19, 1987
|Aug 26, 1987
|BP Chemicals Limited
|The detection of anomolies in gas fluidised bed polymerisation
|Mar 1, 1990
|Sep 5, 1990
|Exxon Research And Engineering Company
|Passive acoustics method to monitor fluidized bed level
|May 22, 1990
|Nov 28, 1990
|Exxon Research And Engineering Company
|Passive acoustics system to Monitor fluidized bed systems
|Jun 2, 1997
|Dec 9, 1998
|European Atomic Energy Community ( Euratom)
|On-line early warning detection system of runaway initiation using chaos theory techniques
|Aug 2, 2000
|Feb 8, 2001
|Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation
|Method of detecting and correcting local defluidization and channeling in fluidized-bed reactors for polymerization
|Ali, E. M. et al, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 1998, 37, 3414-3423.
|Bai, D. et al, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 1999, 38, 803-811.
|Bakker, R. et al, Fractals 1997, 5, 523-530.
|Blasetti, A. et al, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2001, 40, 4623-4632.
|Briens, C. L. et al, Powder Technology 1999, 102, 95-103.
|Cassanello, M. et al, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 1995, 34, 2971-2980.
|Christofides, P. D. et al, Journal of Process Control 1997, 7, 313-328.
|Christofides, P. D., Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 1998, 37, 1893-1909.
|Cody, G. D. et al, Powder Technology 2000, 110, 128-142.
|Elnashaie, S. S. E. H. et al, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 1995, 5, 797-831.
|Elnashaie, S. S. E. H. et al, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 1996, 7, 1317-1331.
|Elnashaie, S. S. E. H. et al, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 1996, 7, 1955-1967.
|Ghasem, N. M., Chemical Engineering & Technology 2000, 23, 133-140.
|Ghasem, N. M., Chemical Engineering & Technology 2001, 24, 297-303.
|Grace, J. R. et al, Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 1999, 77, 305-311.
|Gyure, D. C. et al, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 1987, 26, 938-944.
|Hyanek, I. et al, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 1995, 34, 3872-3877.
|Jang, S.-S. et al, AlChE Journal 1987, 33, 26-35.
|Kaart, S. et al, Catalysis Today 1999, 48, 185-194.
|Kage, H. et al, AlChE Symposium Series 1993, 296, 184-190.
|Kurtz, M. J. et al, Computers & Chemical Engineering 1998, 22, 1441-1459.
|Lau, I. T. et al, Fuel Processing Technology 1981, 4, 101-115.
|Ohman, M. et al, Energy & Fuels 1998, 12, 90-94.
|Schouten, J. C. et al, AlChE Journal 1998, 44, 48-60.
|Schouten, J. C. et al, Chemical Engineering Science 1996, 51, 1991-2000.
|Strozzi, F. et al, AlChE Journal 1999, 45, 2429-2443.
|Tsujimoto, H. et al, Powder Technology 2000, 113, 88-96.
|Van de Velde, E. F. et al, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 1991, 434, 341-367.
|van den Bleek, C. M. et al, Chemical Engineering Journal 1993, 53, 75-87.
|Woo, K. J. et al, Chemical Engineering & Technology 2001, 24, 829-834.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 30, 2007
|Dec 7, 2010
|Univation Technologies, Llc
|Method for polymerization reaction monitoring with determination of entropy of monitored data
|Mar 30, 2007
|Oct 18, 2007
|Univation Technologies, Llc
|Method for polymerization reaction monitoring with determination of entropy of monitored data
|U.S. Classification
|436/55, 436/50, 436/37
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 20, 2003
Owner name: UNIVATION TECHNOLOGIES, LLC, TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MUHLE, MICHAEL E.;NGUYEN, KE;FINNEY, CHARLES;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:013778/0967;SIGNING DATES FROM 20021118 TO 20021203
|Jul 10, 2007
|Certificate of correction
|Nov 22, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 24, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


text:
A photo taken by John Walker is of a very old brick lined water well or cistern. Cisterns were bottle shaped holes placed where they could catch rain water from the roof of a home. This one was at the home of
... Moses Shipman which was built sometime in the early 1820's. The only remaining evidence of the Shipman home is the well, located south of Hyw 6, east of the Ft. Bend Toll, near Knight Road.
Moses, born in Kentucky, married his wife, Mary from South Carolina and had ten children. Seven were born in seven different states before the family arrived in Texas. Not known for sure if Moses died in 1836 or 1838.
In 1836, on his way to the Battle at San Jacinto, Santa Anna destroyed the Fitzgerald dwelling. Fitzgerald's daughter, Sarah Fenn and her family lived at the Moses Shipman home until they could relocate.
The Shipman house was made with logs and boards made by hand and joined together with wooden pins as there were no iron bolts or nails available. They used water from creeks and ponds.
The Danny Williams family lived in the Shipman home for a year. Williams and his wife, Ann are buried at the Duke cemetery.
Their son, Johnny lived for years at the Shipman home with Judge Senior. Senior reconstructed the home into a two story dwelling.
After Senior's death, vandals burned the vacant house, which was one of the few homes built by a member of the "Old Three Hundred". To learn more of the history and see the picture go to John Walker's website:
http://lifeonthebrazosriver.com/Moses Shipman.htm

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Sponsored by Magic Hat Brewing Company
Mark Farina
w/ DJ Big Dog + Haitian + Disco Phantom
Friday, March 10, 2017
Doors: 9:00pm
Mark Farina
Modern day record minstrel, Mark Farina, has thrilled crowds globally, entertaining over 1 million fans per year. As one of the most ubiquitous DJs in Dance Music, Farina's known for both his unique style of mixing Jazz, Downtempo and House Music as well as being the creator of Mushroom Jazz: West Coast jazzy, organic productions combined with East Coast Hip-Hop, Urban beats.
Drawing from his vibrant youth, which included being a trumpet player in marching band, a drummer in a nu wave cover band and a guest DJ, Friday nights on WNUR (Chicago), Mark found his passion for the luscious world of vinyl, turntables and nightclubs. At 16, Farina began his DJ career as a resident at Chicago's underage mecca, Medusa's. At the same time Mark joined forces with emerging DJs Derrick Carter and Chris Nazuka then moved into a loft space called Rednail. Rednail became infamous not only for raucous parties but also as the home to the trio's first productions under the moniker, Symbols & Instruments. Their release,"MOOD," sold 35,000 copies in the US & UK and is credited as "the first ambient house track."
Farina relocated to San Francisco in 1992. Fans embraced Mark's downtempo style and he started co-hosting a weekly Mushroom Jazz club night in '93. In 3 short years, Farina established a fanatical, cult-like following for his Mushroom Jazz sound and in 1996, OM Records released the first mixed comp CD, simply titled, Mushroom Jazz. Since then, Mark has released 7 volumes of Mushroom Jazz with 2013 marking the 20th anniversary of the series. Other notable releases include OM's Seasons, San Francisco Sessions Vol. 1, Connect, House of Om, Live in Tokyo, and Fabric 40.
When Mark's not touring the world, headlining festivals including Harbourlife (Sydney), Southport Weekender (UK), DEMF (Detroit), Coachella (CA) and T in the Park (Scotland), you're likely to find him in his studio working on new releases or podcasts for his label, Great Lakes Audio. On days off he'll be cruising his '68 Toronado with his son, Dylan (aka "little peanut"), and his Yorkie, "Pumpkin".
Voted as one of the top DJ's in the world by URB, MUZIK and BPM magazines, Mark Farina's taste making skills continue to turn the heads of seasoned Dance Music veterans as well as newcomers to the scene.
DJ Big Dog
DJ Big Dog, has been a record collector since the early 90's and has been dj'ing in the music clubs and bars since 2000. Former owner of a hip hop record store call L-burners which was on Main Street in Burlington down the hall from the world famous FLEX RECORDS. He has been hosting Mi Yard Reggae Night at Nectar's every Sunday for the last ten years.
Big Dog can also be heard on the radio and online every Saturday night on www.wruv.org 10pm-12am.
Disco Phantom
DJ Disco Phantom (Brian Nagle) comes from Burlington, Vermont and has been blowing up local venues for the past five years. Disco Phantom is one of the busiest men in Burlington's music scene. He is the DJ for every and all indie rock events in the Burlington area and a man with undeniable style and excitement.
A master of all things disco and champion of indie remixes, Disco Phantom's crates are deeper than deep. His sets are beyond catchy and accessible and his track record is proof enough that he is the type of DJ that surgically implants a permagrin on his audience. Every performance guarantees flawless mixing, great track selection and making people dance.


text:
Warwickshire, United Kingdom (PressExposure) August 14, 2009 -- /1888PressRelease/ Noel Barton membership site consist of five different sites, all of these contain training material that will help people run a business online.
Affiliates Profit Club is the first of Noel Barton sites.
You'll discover the #1 beginner mistake - and how to avoid it so you can start making money faster You'll discover the simple four-step plan that puts you on the fast track to affiliate marketing success! And more - you'll finally know how to start making REAL money with affiliate marketing!... All of this training is with the aid of video and MP3 files. This training is especial for running a business for affiliate marketeers.
Web Profits Club is the second of Noel Barton sites.You'll discover which Internet based money-making model gives you at least five different ways of making money!Plus you'll find out which money-making model has put the most cash in my pocket - just imagine what it can do for you! Imagine making money without a website, without a product and without even creating a word of content. All of this training and more is found within Noel Barton,s Web Profit Club.
The third site from Noel Barton is Success Upgrade.You'll discover once and for all if you've actually got what it takes to get rich!The most successful people go into business for this reason - see inside to discover if this is your reason too! Claim your membership and take our self-assessment quiz, listen to the audio and watch the video, you'll finally know if you've got a future as a powerful, rich and successful entrepreneur!See if you have what it takes to run a business online.
The forth site from Noel Barton. E Marketers Club.New to email marketing? You'll get 5 quick and easy steps to setting up your autoresponder!You'll find out the four things that turn your ho-hum newsletter sign-up page into a high-response lead capturing machine!Discover the four things you need to do to earn your subscriber's trust - and their business! This turns cold leads into hungry buyers try it for yourself and see!
The fifth site from Noel Barton. Traffic Generation Club.To run an online business you need traffic and The Traffic Generation Club gives you the training needed to gain all the traffic you need to run an online business You'll discover how to find and recruit joint venture partners who're eager to stuff your pockets with cash! Secrets to dominating both pay per click marketing and the organic search engine results!And much more - in a minute from now you'll be reading an overview of the most effective, time-tested tactics to consistently get your site in front of as many people as possible!Noel Barton membership sites are the place to need all the training you need to run an online business.
Related Link: http://www.1888pressrelease.com/noel-barton-new-membership-sites-are-now-live-pr-140955.html


text:
Professional reviews have copyrights and you can view them here for your personal use only as private content. To view pro reviews you must either subscribe to a pre-integrated publication or manually enter reviews. Learn more.Manage Subscriptions
1995 Château Malescot St. Exupéry
Red Bordeaux Blend
- France
- Bordeaux
- Médoc
- Margaux
Community Tasting Notes 33
Deepdrop Likes this wine: (92 points)
January 21, 2017 - Solid aged Margaux. Classic nose. Delicate on the palate with some tar, cherry, tobacco notes. Lingering fine tannins on the finish. A really nice wine that stands on its own or could be enjoyed with food. I think it is early days in this wine's drinking window.
BURGHen Boy wrote: (91 points)
December 25, 2016 - Good complexity. Some notes of chocolate and beef. Depth and layering of flavors makes this wine. Not a lot of oomph otherwise
cephomer Likes this wine: (93 points)
October 28, 2016 - Drank at Crabtrees from decanter. Lovely ruby color, slight bricking at the edges. Fairly generous aroma of tobacco & cedar. Medium bodied. Still plenty of ripe black fruit here, along with leather, tobacco & some forest floor elements. Nicely balanced with good concentration. Drinking very nicely. Excellent example of a well-aged Margaux. Very enjoyable!
isaacjamesbaker wrote: (90 points)
September 9, 2016 - A refined but still lively and delicious Margaux. Lively light purple color. Aromas of herbs, earth, pepper, soy, clove and rose hips on top of deep but tart currants. Aromas get more complex with a few hours in the decanter. Pretty acidity, still a lot of grip to the tannins but the edges are fined down. Black currant, some red, too, the fruit is laced with pepper, rosemary, soy, loamy soil. Long finish. Showing both strength and elegance. Still plenty of time ahead but I really like where this is at the moment.
Omar Khayyam wrote: (90 points)
July 1, 2016 - Very classic Bordeaux nose, very lovely, more on the lean and elegant side, food friendly and fine.
Pro Reviews 4Add a Pro Review
By Jancis Robinson, MW
2/17/2011 (link)
(Ch Malescot St-Exupéry Margaux Red) Subscribe to see review text.
By Jancis Robinson, MW
10/25/2005 (link)
(Ch Malescot St-Exupéry Margaux Red) Subscribe to see review text.
By Chris Kissack
March 2010 (link) 17+ points
(Chateau Malescot St-Exupéry Margaux) A dark hue, not opaque though, and still with a good fresh-red tinge. Nose is lovely, notes of roasted meats, fleeting elements of cherries and blackcurrant fruit, but also darker and more maturing characteristics including black olives, game, rust and sweet, fresh tea leaves. A fine palate, fresh and light-footed rather than ponderous, moderate weight, cool but with good extract, almost supple towards the finish. Perhaps a bit lean in midpalate - will it fatten out? Delicious, well outside the creamy spectrum of modern Bordeaux, and a fine food wine. Still on the way up, too.
By Chris Kissack
December 2005 (link) 17+ points
(Chateau Malescot St-Exupéry Margaux) A dark, maturing but still vibrant hue. Good depth to the nose, which offers a little aniseed and bay leaf complexity to the spiced, macerated blackcurrant fruit. A lovely, cool entry, with nice extract and substance. A good grippy core of tannin, wrapped in black olive fruit. Balanced, elegant texture, and a fine persistence on the palate. Very drinkable now with a few hours in the decanter, but will only improve over the next ten years. Very good indeed.
Wine Definition
- Vintage 1995
- Type Red
- Producer Château Malescot St. Exupéry
- Varietal Red Bordeaux Blend
- Designation n/a
- Vineyard n/a
- Country France
- Region Bordeaux
- SubRegion Médoc
- Appellation Margaux
- UPC Codes 3465301152310, 3511069522657
Community Holdings
- Pending Delivery 1 (0%)
- In Cellars 366 (63%)
- Consumed 210 (36%)
Food Pairing
Who Likes This Wine
More About This Wine
- ProducerChâteau Malescot St. Exupéry
- VarietyRed Bordeaux Blend
- CountryFrance
- RegionBordeaux
- SubRegionMédoc
- AppellationMargaux
Add Articles
- Wine1995 Château Malescot St. Exupéry (add)
- FamilyChâteau Malescot St. Exupéry (add)
- ProducerChâteau Malescot St. Exupéry
- VarietalRed Bordeaux Blend
- CountryFrance
- RegionBordeaux
- SubRegionMédoc
- AppellationMargaux


text:
Published on September 5th, 2012 | by Jake Richardson0
280-MW Kenyan Geothermal Project for 2014
September 5th, 2012 by Jake Richardson
The Olkaria geothermal project should be completed by 2014 and generate 280 MW of electricity for Kenya. The nearly one-billion-dollar project is owned by the Kenya Electricity Generating Company, but 280 MW is not the full potential of the site. The Olkaria complex has a geothermal potential of 560 MW, according to a research study.
Kenya currently produces about 13 percent of its electricity from geothermal, which is 150 MW. Adding 280 MW will be a real boon, because hydroelectric is one of the country's main energy sources, but during times of drought, the electricity output wanes significantly. (Kenya Electricity Generating Company, or KenGen, wants to generate about half of its electricity from geothermal by 2018.)
Geothermal is relatively stable, so it should be quite beneficial when the new plant is finished. Kenya's total geothermal potential has been estimated at 7,000 MW. 5,000 MW of geothermal by 2030 has been identified as a goal by one source.
Obviously, any country that can develop stable and independent energy sources stands a good chance of growing its national economy in a constructive manner. Real estate development based on the extra electricity is an obvious offshoot. About 60% of Kenya's economy is tied to tourism, so development of clean energy sources is an excellent way to protect the natural resources that draw many foreign visitors each year. There were nearly 1.1 million in 2010.
Kenya's population is about 41 million, with a growth rate of approximately 2.7%. Per capita income tripled from 1975 to 2006.
Image Credit: Chris 73 / Wikimedia Commons
Complete our 2017 CleanTechnica Reader Survey — have your opinions, preferences, and deepest wishes heard.
Check out our 93-page EV report, based on over 2,000 surveys collected from EV drivers in 49 of 50 US states, 26 European countries, and 9 Canadian provinces.


text:
Weeding a vegetable garden can take hours of your time, and new weeds seem to sprout as soon as you get the old ones pulled. A weed barrier can greatly reduce or eliminate weeds in your garden bed, saving both time and effort. Selecting the barrier and installing it correctly ensures it doesn't interfere with the healthy growth of the vegetables while still providing maximum weed protection.
Weed barriers prevent most weeds and lawn grasses from growing into the garden bed, drastically reducing how much weeding you have to do. A barrier can completely prevent weeds, depending on the type of barrier and installation method. Barriers installed beneath the soil, such as in a raised vegetable bed, may not stop weeds from rooting in the soil above. Barriers laid over the top of soil stop almost all weeds and also help retain moisture in the soil, which reduces how often you have to water.
Barrier Types
Landscape fabric lasts for up to five years and is often used beneath the soil in raised beds. It isn't suitable for above-soil use because it gets torn during the annual replanting of vegetable plants, which allows weeds to penetrate it. Plastic mulch covers the soil surface and lasts for about one season, making it suitable as a surface barrier in vegetable beds because you'll replace it each year. Layers of cardboard or newspaper can also provide a barrier beneath or above the soil. These break down quickly, but the decomposing paper does benefit the soil quality.
Installation methods depend on the location of the barrier. Barriers installed beneath the soil, including those lining raised vegetable gardens, must be laid over the ground in an unbroken sheet. Overlapping sheets at the seams and anchoring them with metal stakes prevents weeds from breaching the barrier. When laying barriers over the top of the soil, overlap the seams and anchor both the seams and the edges of the barrier so it doesn't blow off the soil. When applied over the soil surface you must cut a hole in the barrier for each vegetable plant.
Surface barriers, especially plastic, don't allow moisture to reach the soil beneath. You must install drip irrigation lines before laying the barrier or water at the base of the plant so the water can reach the soil through the planting hole in the barrier. If the soil is allowed to dry, the vegetables will die. Surface barriers can also look unattractive. Spreading straw mulch or another more attractive mulching material on top camouflages plastic and cardboard barriers. The secondary mulch also further reduces weeds and helps maintain the soil temperature.
References (2)
Photo Credits
- Jupiterimages/Comstock/Getty Images


text:
Cape Town - Embattled African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) leader Julius Malema, under fire from the ANC's top brass, will hear on Friday whether the party's national disciplinary committee will go ahead with charges brought against him.He and five other high-ranking youth league officials have been brought before the committee on charges of bringing the ANC into disrepute and sowing divisions in ANC ranks.On Wednesday, the committee refused an application brought by the youth league president for the recusal of three of its members.It found that insufficient facts had been presented to show bias or a perception of bias by chairperson Derek Hanekom, Mining Minister Susan Shabangu and Minister in the Presidency Collins Chabane, a statement said.Malema recently said the African National Congress Youth League would send a team to Botswana to consolidate local opposition parties and to help bring about regime change, as it believed the government there was "in full co-operation with imperialists" and undermining the "African agenda".Charged with Malema are ANCYL spokesperson Floyd Shivambu, deputy president Ronald Lamola, treasurer general Pule Mabe, secretary general Sindiso Magaqa and deputy secretary general Kenetswe Masenogi.All except Shivambu would appear before the committee on Friday. His disciplinary hearing had been postponed to a later date.The hearing had been adjourned to Friday to give the committee time to decide on Malema's application for the charges to be dropped.The disciplinary committee would deliver its ruling at 09:00.Culprits identifiedOn Tuesday, groups of youths supporting Malema and his colleagues threw rocks, bottles and bricks at journalists and police in the Johannesburg CBD, and burnt pictures of President Jacob Zuma.The violence subsided after Malema addressed them.A small number of supporters marched in the streets around the ANC's Luthuli House headquarters, where the hearings are being held, on Wednesday.They whistled, blew vuvuzelas, pointed at the building and shouted "voetsek" at policemen.The police said they have identified people involved in the unrest."Those who were involved in acts of violence have been identified and arrests may be effected while the investigation progresses," Gauteng police spokesperson Lieutenant Colonel Lungelo Dlamini said.The violence had initially caused the ANC to change the venue of the hearings from Luthuli House, but by Wednesday morning it had made an about-turn, saying that it would move to an alternative venue only if the situation didn't improve.
So bored of the Malema news is this all your night staff could come up with.
Eish, it's entertaining nogel. Will they, won't they, what will the clowns do next, who said what, what did they mean, who bliks**ed who, who's showering with who, who will back down next, where did those funds come from. Hau this is SA's political version of Dallas.......
Showdown time on the boulevard peoples, guns are drawn, and the wimnner is...........
Tune in tomorrow for your next installment, or miskin we are all just dreaming..........
@Macho Mike you are the only clown in the circle. Your grammer is that of the 'main ou' around town, you are still a 'boy' little man.
Unfortunately all we get are questions, never answers. At least in Dallas we found out who shot JR. When we do get answers then the answer is studied for x months till we get a new set of questions.
Sadly he keeps making news. As long as the ass-clown Malema keeps embarrasing himself and his ancestors we'll keep seeing his ugly face in the news.
komasa, before you critisize other's spelling - check on your punctiation. Try using fullstops and commas.
@LuLuBug do you not know the difference between grammer and spelling?
@ Komasa. Obviously you don't!!
@Komasa - Is that the best insult yoiu can come up with. In spite of Malema most of us are trying to build unity amongst all South Africans and you come up with this? You are either trolling or just a sad little person.
@Rolie read @Macho Mikes comment and tell me that drivel comes from someone with more than a peanut for a brain. There is always this 'take' on the african accent and pronunciation and I take that as racist. Until the minority can speak more than 2 languages, in the case of the english only one, only then will they be in a position to criticise.
Komasa, you are the one who pointed out grammar mistakes so don't start acting like you are the victim. No one would have said anything about your spelling or grammar had you not started it.
@Komasa I honestly do not see the need to call mike a "boy". Did you see anything in his post attacking you? I did not. I saw someone trying to make a joke with well placed afrikaans "slang". As to your comment could not agree more also getting tired of all the free publicity a "nobody" is getting.
Komasa is a Racist maggot, Thanks to him the minority will prevail as indigenous Africans, way to go brother, You are a champion!
I miss the Apartheid government as things were neat and organised. The trains were even on time and the hospitals had clean bedding. This Malema idiot has caused South Africa severe damage in terms of interracial relationships together with massive monetary losses. We have become the laughing stock of the world. Jan van Riebeeck must be turning in his grave.
@Komasa Why would we have to speak another language? English is the language of business and entertainment, I guess it's because they created that powerful productive empire that dominated the world, squashing insignificant people like you. Where would you be if all your favorite American rappers sung in Chinese, it wouldn't be nearly as easy to understand. Ha Ha... Viva the west, viva!!!
Like "Moeletsi Mbeki FOR President" on facebook if you are sick of this nonsense
Before you try and give English lessons and criticize others' spelling make sure your own garden is clean - Grammer is spelt Grammar by the way!
Give that man a boot.....
@Harambe, he should pay for that boot.
@and support - so march, all the way to zimbabwe. Then stay there.
Amazing how much energy goes into "striking" and "marching" compared to WORKING
If the ANC proceeds with the disciplinary hearing and kicks Malema out of the party I will gain a modicum of respect for them.
Indeed.but that won't happen, they're too scared of the YL for that.
Just a tad of respect though!!!
Liar ,liar ,pants on fire
Who will be doing the dirty work for the ANC then?????? How about a white ANC youth league leader?
A white leader would be SOOOO much better. Then whites can blame the YL leader for corruption and dumb and uneducated statements without being racist!
Why does my gut feel tell me that nothing will come of this case against our esteemed future Prez Juliaaas.
They won't...
Who cares?
Lets wait for the corruption and tax-evasion investigation.
Can you imagine the chaos then.... Where ever it is held is gonna be a war zone.
The investigation by the public protector has already stopped, apparently due to "lack of funds" sounds more like a lack of will/guts
I agree, this hearing is the least of his problems. We hope the PP gets more money to investigate.
The ANC is a joke, the ANCYL is a joke and the outcome of this will also be a joke...!
Let's march! All willing marchers please reply.
How ironic.
If I were in Julius Malema's shoes I would be hoping for the most clever and independently minded judges available to hear my case on review. That is where the proceedings are probably heading. Now or later.
You see Julius, in a fight not of your choosing you really would not like judges that your opponents appointed for their revolutionary zeal and skin color. You simply pray or wish for independently minded judges appointed for their legal and intellectual prowess.
The referees must be independent and trusted because of the very nature of the appointment processes.
It is always claimed - even by mommy Winnie Mandela 2-3 days ago - that you are still learning. May this be a lesson. Or will the legal system always be of value only if you can personally employ it to trash your opponents?
Wait, first he was charge, and now they're deciding if he will be charged? Wtf is happening here?
If one does not follow proper procedure it effectively invalidates everything one does. If that is the case here it is one more sign of their incompetence or negligence. How can the ANC, which is basically the country's government, with no limits as to the resources it can muster, not get something as simple as a disciplinary procedure right?
It is incredible that there should ANYTHING which leaves these charges open to challenge on these grounds.
"Will they or won't they"... They won't
The current ANC leaders won`t see beyond 2012 conferance.Its a fact they are fighting for their survival.With Fikile as the Secrtary General and Mr Deputy President as the President of the movemant,i just wonder how the ANC will look like with or without Juju.History repeats itself Mr Zuma will be recalled after December 2012 conferance.Mark my words.
The problem SA has with the Malema nasionalist movement is a big one, namely that, if you deal with the truth, it gains momentum whether you antagonise, ignore or support it, and Malema speaks the truth on behalf of the people who got shafted under the Nats and now again under the ANC. Whether you like it , or not, the truth will prevail, warts and all, and you will have to live with it or waai.
I agree that the truth is that there are people out there getting 'shafted' - no doubt about that. The reasons however are not because the state still owns the mines, banks and other big business. The reason is corruption and the money stolen could be used for education, health and job creation. This nonsense that nationalisation will create wealth for the poor masses is ludicrous! And if you believe it then you are an even bigger imbecile than the fat prick himself, Malema!
Malema want to legalise theft, who's truth is this? It should not happen in a democratic country. Rather try working for your own money.
The ANC's reputation is on the line here, so in my opinion, to save their reputation, they need to fire the Youth league members.
But i think it is too late to recover their reputation, Damage was done before the world cup last year.
They have a reputation? More like dis-reputation. I lost what little faith I had in the ANC thirty years ago. They were always a bad lot and their way of garnering votes is by bullying. Malema and his kind are worthless sacks of detritus.
My guess is they won't do anything, maybe a slap on the Breitling wrist and he'll get off on a technicality. All smoke and mirrors and trying to make out they have things under controll
Eeny, meena, mina, mo,
Catch a Juju by the toe;
If he squeals let him go,
Eena, meena, mina, mo
One of your racist rhymes?
The ANC do not have the balls to prosecute Malema.
All ANC members sit when they go for a p@@s
So do I cause I sprinkle when I tinkle! I don't like being compared to these fools. I'd say they are the okes that sprinkle on the toilet seat and don't wipe it afterwards.
African National Criminals
They won't....
Zoomer even left the country because he is so scared of fat boy. Did the anc nec even have the the ancyl's permission to use Luthuli house for the foregiveness hearing and do you all think fat boy will forgive the nec and let them stay in their jobs a while longer.
Similarities here to Gedoffami and Buggame. Get out of town while the dwang hits the fan.
Nothing will happen, just like f&$k all has happened to Bheki Cele. I want to paint myself black so I can be openly racist, corrupt and flaunt it in everyone's face.
...if OVER 700 charges of corruption against Zuma was dropped....how on earth could we hope that Juliaaas will be prosecuted properly for any wrong doing? If such a miracle does happen - then we might finally see a split inside the ANC, making them vulnerable. I say give them enough rope - and they will hang themselves, I hope & pray at least. The only way SA will get rid of the ANC - will be if they destroy themselves, simply because the average intellectual level of reasoning amongst the majority of its voters is quite low and that the masses have been 'brain-washed' to follow the ANC as their ONLY hope. My guess is that 99,9% of all of the comments on this site comes from educated readers - regardless of each of our opinions - BUT we are NOT representing the masses, and thats where majority votes add up, very sad but true. The reality of democracy in any third world country is that the masses will always be intellectually challenged, BUT they are also the ones who get to decide who runs the country...The solution for SA: Voters must look past colour, ethnic group or race - AND SIMPLY CHOOSE THE BEST PLAYERS AS THEIR LEADERS. But instead - history shows that any surpressed race will much rather choose a weaker leader amongst themselves than choosing a much better leader from another race!
The monster has being created, even if they discipline him it won't affect the attitude of him or his members. This is what happens when leaders are weak and have poor morals. They were enjoying the show, now its going to backfire on the weaklings - and we all suffer as a result. Annoys the hell out of me.
DAY OF DAYS. hey south africa, welcome to another day of the a n c story. sorry but the script wont change anytime soon. the last few days lines have been read and practiced. sausage fingers will spew meaningless words to the servile masses, who in turn will suck it all up and believe. the so called leaders of the a n c will sit in front of the cameras and sweat, looking for words they dont have. is it a comedy? well the rest of the modern world will think so, but for most of us living here it will be another horror flick that takes us further down the toilet. for those of you waiting to see justice today im afraid your reaction will be.. is that it??????
They'd be stupid if they don't ban him from the ANC. He will embarrass them time and time again because he is an ultra-radical. The time to get discipline is now, while they have charges against him. The longer he stays, the more difficult it becomes to remove or charge him from a position he doesn't deserve. He amended the ANCYL constitution so that he could stay on longer. His second term as president was extended to five years from three. He is going to be difficult to get rid of.
Betting odds available.....
1 - 10 The matter is quashed.
1 - 5 Slap on the wrist.
15 - 1 Strong disciplinary action.
Over the las few days, we have seen the BEST and Worst of modern South Africa; fantastic response to Springboks with huge crowd representing whole SA unified is stark contrast to moronic stupidity Of Malema and his ANCYL thugs. They are doing so much damage to SA and robbing many citizens of decent jobs and self -respect as investors just get frightened away.
If these thugs get away with it, it will give the ANCYL carte blanche to, forever, dictate the leadership of the ANC.
Can the ANC be ruled by their 'children'.....let's see!
we cant scare investors that r not there. we have the minerals, land and so forth, we call the shots! we must make ourselves competitive in the world market by our standards not anybody else's
Two plod feet, a large mouth, with nothing other than uncontrollable 'fart' holding them together? Could it be ANC or can it be their angelic sworn deity?
They don't have the balls. It's been all window dressing from the start
When he said that the ANCYL would march on the Union buildings, I thought that was enough reason to discipline him. But once again the ANC said nothing.
it is everyone's constitutional right to march anywhere where, they have where they have been given the permission to
Well he meant in terms of raising an army and marching on the government. Anyone clever enough would know what it means to "march on" vs. "march to".
Do we have bookies taking bets?
Malema will be found guilty on 1 charge and that charge will not be serious enough for him to be removed, the sanction might be suspension for 1 month.
Give Malema Lead parachute.
Try an Irish one, it opens on impact.
the anc cant even arrange a piss up in a brewery
and zuma has the iq of a cucumber so we really are in trouble.
Malema is a visionary, decades ahead of the time. Like Mandela, who was labelled a terrorist not long ago, malema will be remembered as a brave man, operating in the face of real danger, with the aim to improve the lot of the victims of greedy opressors, in 2011, regardless of colour or race. Malemas ideas should be embraced, his is the only way to peace and prosperity for all in SA. I can clearly remember my parents talking about the terrorist Mandela, today he is the man of the century. If you analyse what Malema says, look at the facts in an objective way, you can see a true genius at work. These people are rare, the Mozarts and Mandelas of this world, Malema is one of them, no doubt, his future contribution to SA will outshine even that of Mandela. As for the Nats, well I will have to be careful here because most of the postings here are from Nats descendants, well, that is a legacy to be ashamed about warped thinkers when it comes to social engineering, the are two dimensional "black and white " thinkers, so please leave the problem solving to the Jujus of this world.
sausage fingers is a simple crook. not smart. not a caring man. not a man who fights for his people. he lies. his only goal is self enrichment. malema sings his own song and its called, me me me me me me. are you another servile fool??
Dear NZX... please could you help me. I am struggling with the concept of Malema as a genius. the only genius he has to date shown has been his ability to use fears and hatred to sow division... In my opinion he has done more harm to South Africa in the past 3 years than any other person since Verwoerd. I am still waiting for anybody to explain how nationalistion will create economic emancipation (using big words to say something does not make it true)
OH GOD NO! Another tik addict!
'...malema will be remembered as a brave man, operating in the face of real danger, with the aim to improve the lot of the victims of greedy opressors, in 2011, regardless of colour or race.'
Real danger? Greedy oppressors? Regardless of colour?
Please elaborate, I'm all ears!
Go visit Zambia and Tanzania and see what happens when you nationalize: poverty. They have privatized it all again! You say whites oppress you: we provide you with work. Whites are trying to save the poor from oppression by encouraging private business. Take away private business and you will be working for the government at 20% of your current salary.
Just be patient. Give it 20 years and you will understand. Socialism and eventually Communism ( state control ) is the enslavement of people. Free business is the liberation of people. Self-reliance. People start their own businesses and become wealthy. If you can't learn from the poverty created in Zimbabwe when the government seized the farms I really don't know!
Government is not reason, it is not eloquence — it is force! Like fire, it is a dangerous servant and a fearful master. Never for a moment should it be left to irresponsible action.
George Washington
i totally agree with this person, indeed all over the world Mandela was viewed as a terrorist! Malema will one day be remembered as a hero, its a pity that even those that r part of the great anc have forgotten the utterances of the freedom chatter that say the wealth of this country should be shared amongst its ppl.
i only blame malema in the ways that he seeks to implement this, defiance, the conference is comming, thats his platform!
@nzx: I strongly advise you to go and seek psychiatric counselling as it appears you have joined the cult of Dalema followers, who should not be allowed out of doors without a leash
Hawkers are gonna make a killing selling rocks today.
our brother JM will be victoryus, it is because there are hidden forces fabricating these stories, president JM is too busy for this nonsense
oh please!!! sausage fingers is a crook. wake up. dont be a servile fool. think about it. malema loves malema. not you, or your people. greed is his god. he salivates as he counts his ill gotten gains. you really make me smile. brother my ass!
HAIBO! Julius... she's a man!
If the ANC donot take steps it will just show the country how toothless the old biddies are and then the youth can push them around and then out .. Make a stand for goodness sake!!!!
What are the chances of a white ANC youth league president?
theres more chance of finding rocking horse droppings!
and hen's teeth
Mark my words, just as i have said for a long time, nothing will happen to Malema, not even a slap on the wrist, people have to understand things, Malema voices the ANC's opinions, and thats fact, as a leading party of a country, you cant voice racist views or voice ideas that will harm our country (eg, nationalise the mines) so you get someone to voice them for you, in this case Malema, as white South Africans we have to tread very very carefully, Malema is our future president, if you choose to disagree so be it, as a white South African myself, im telling everyone to leave, this is just the start of things to come, go into townships and hear how they speak about us.... We are out numbered... if this happened anywhere else in the world, Malema would be shot, so take a minute to think..... Why hasnt that happened here? Be safe everyone...
The outcome doesn't matter, the damage has been done
What do you mean ...."arrests may be effected.."? These people are guilty of criminal conduct in which property was destroyed and people injured. They are also guilty of sabotaging the economy and SA growth potentials.
nothing will happed, ANC are to sh1t scared of him and loosing there supporters... they all suckass!
Zuma won't do anything. He is too weak.
i believe the timing behind this is a deliberate attempt to take the spotlight of more important issue of the information bill. they would have disciplined Malenema anyway, why now, not before or after the bill comes to parliament for final vote today.
there was also no itention to make a real case against malenema, hence the deliberate screwing up of the process to ensure he gets off scot-free.
I think you've hit the nail on the head here JCWR56!
@Komasa - you are as rascist as they come! Cleary if a white person just opens their mouth to breathe you scream 'rascist'. Get over yourself TWIT.
Charges will be withdrawn. This whole exercise was a pantomime orchestrated by the ANC to make it appear as though they were doing something constructive for a change. Nothing at all will come of this and that idiot will remain where he is - he is more powerful and has more clout than Zuma and the government anyway.
@Frans -- Dont worry my friend, it is very common for anyone, even elegentsia, to struggle with the ideas of a true genius, especially when the ideas are way ahead of the current thinking.Not that long ago, they imprisoned such a genius for thinking, yes, the sin of merely having a theory that the earth is , yes, funny as it sounds, indeed round, thus not flat. Asd with Madiba, they put him behind bars, as this monster of a human being wanted to kill and maim fellow human beings. Think , think Frans, as long as your squatter camp friends have empty stomachs, and kept on empty, you will be a target. Do whatever you have to transform the squatters into human beings of 2011, and your children will stand a chance in SA. It is called sustainability, foret the commie rhetoric behind which the quasi intelligentsia hide, dont fear, think.
@Nzx -- These ideas are "way ahead of current thinking" ? Man, are you daft. These ideas were tried in Russia in 1917, and they failed. The country broke up as a result of their failure. they were also tried in China, and have been given up before full damage was done. Of course, daft ideas like these thrive in Africa, and the "success" of the black states on the continent, which depent totally for survival on Western handouts, proves just how destructive and out of date they are. You must be a product of the failed anc education system. I hope you are not too old to get a proper education !
Dear NZX - i do indeed think. Which is why i am concerned with the damage Malema has caused. In SA we have 50 million people, of which only 8.5 million are employed in the formal sector. Where do new jobs come from? from new factories, mines, etc. What does it take to build these? money. Where does money come from? from investors... Fact - Since Malema has started his Nationilsation drive, there has been a drop in direct foreign investment in SA of 77%. Fact - the largest investors in the banks and mines are foreign entities and local institutions - which is largely made up out of pension funds... so nationalisation will drive out foreign investors with tragic consequences and steal your and my pension... Fact - the mines and banks are allready running with people working in them - how will nationalisation provide more work? you going to fire the workers and replace them with ANCYL members? I think you will have problems with the labour laws, and the unions...
If your "genius" could actually pass his woodwork class I am sure we would be able to believe him. But then Hitler was a house painter before he was ruler of the Third Reich. Unfortunately, Mr Malema does not half the charismatic quality or the vocabulary of Hitler, so it is unlikely that Mr Malema would succeed in anything other than making at absolute fool of himself when he trips over his untied shoelaces.
nothing a good bullet in the cente of juliarse forehead cant fix..
They are called rent a crowd. All the payment required is a pie and a t-shirt.
The ANC should show the world they wont be dictated to, Charge Malema with Treason, The death penalty still stands for treason so they should hang him and his co accused in a public square where the people can throw dog turds at them,What a day that would be, see how fast the idle brain set changes in this country


text:
Models For Grip Porthole
Grip Porthole by Electrolux
£41.65 Out of Stock
Email me when back in stock - we'll try to re-stock quickly!
The product Grip Porthole is suitable for the models listed below.
View full product details for Grip Porthole.
Search our range of models by entering your model number to perform a search.


text:
You cannot sync the policies and the following error appears:
Full Disk Encryption Security Policy could not be synced at this time.
To resolve the issue:
- Confirm that the device ID is listed under a group in the PolicyServer.
- When at the pre-boot, confirm that the machine has a wired network connection to the PolicyServer.
- Make sure that the user logged into the device is a member of the same group where the device belongs. If an Enterprise Administrator is logged in, the device will not sync. The user that will log in must be a member of the same group where the device is in, and Enterprise Administrators cannot belong to a group.
- Ensure that the device displays a shield at the FDE Login Screen to verify that the PC can see the PolicyServer.
- From the Login screen, go to Help > About Full Disk Encryption to display the last sync time and the ServerName for the PolicyServer. Check if the ServerName is correct.
- Try to sync from the Login Screen. Go to Options > Download Policy Updates.
- Login as a PolicyServer Administrator and access the Recovery Console.
- Select Network and view the network settings. Make sure these are correct and you can also perform a network connectivity test.
- Log in to the FDE Login Screen as a user that is a member of the same group. Log into Windows and sync from the Shield in the System Tray.
- If the machine is in Windows, confirm that the Windows service MobileSentinel is running.
- Make sure that nothings blocks the communication to the PolicyServer over the default port 80.


text:
Not Accepting Guests
- Last login 5 months ago
Join Couchsurfing to see Fion's full profile. It's free!
About Me
Broaden my mind, sharing different culture and meeting new people
I am energetic, passionate, Adventurous , friendly, easy-going, spontaneous and respectful person. Love a challenge. I love my life and consider healthy person. Always do regular exercise and keep myself stay healthy and happy. Learning journey in my life is endless, recently I am learning French language since Aug 2010,pay lots of effort to brush up this language. I love French and always dream hope can stay in western country...I like meeting new people, exchanging stories about travels, learning new languages...I'm curious and i like discovering every new things
I love my life and consider optimistic people. Always look at the bright side. Life is too short and we need to appreciate what we have. Love your family & friends, people all over the world. I hate to see war, abuse, murder case, these are horrible case I never ever want to see.
Why I'm on Couchsurfing
Participate more activities held on CS, exchange culture between CS members.
Attended Annual International CS event to get know more ppl over the country.
From worry & doubtful about CS until end up after my backpacker trip, I can't believe this Couch Surfing bring me lots full of returns, they gave me warm welcome heart, caring, love and joyful during my trip, this really inspire of me. I can deeply understand their culture and meet different people over the world, make my life wonderful and meaningful. I love CouchSurfing much!
Do regular exercise, traveling, learning, surfing, cooking and dancing.
But I don't like take alcohol because I have allergy in alcohol. I love hang around with friends sometimes but not always because I prefer have my own personal time to healing & relax myself.
- culture
- dancing
- cooking
- exercise
- traveling
- backpacking
- surfing
- languages
One Amazing Thing I've Done
I have ever raised my hand helping orphanage to teach them how to use computer. I feel the world is beautiful when saw their innocent smile. I feel I am part of their family member when they are holding my hand and called me "sister".All of them are my brother & sister, we are family!
Countries I've Visited
China, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, South Korea, Switzerland
Countries I've Lived In


text:
The Meadows Golf Leagues
The Meadows Golf Leagues have Great Value and Benefits.
- Our Leagues (limited to 100 players) fill very quickly.
- Payment immediately secures your spot in the league for 2017 (sign up as a team or individual)
- Follow the easy steps on our website for payment or mail a cheque to The Meadows at East St. Paul GC
Currently we offer:
- Monday Evening Ladies League
- Tuesday Evening Men's League
- Wednesday Evening Men's League
- Thursday Evening Men's League
For more information, please call 204-334-2107 ext 1 (during winter months) and 204-667-4653 (April-October). We look forward to seeing everyone again!
Meadows Staff


text:
Five people were left without a home and a dachshund died after fire gutted a house near Georgetown.
Southside Fire Assistant Chief Hugh... Read more
Deputy U.S. Marshal Tommy Long has a saying. The deputies who work under him at Savannah Office of the United States... Read more
A wreck on Interstate 16 near Bloomingdale left a truck a burned-out shell, but no fatalities were reported.
The Savannah-Chatham police... Read more
Savannah-Chatham police on Friday identified 39-year-old Joseph Bradley Baden as the man who shot and killed Rufus Lee Harris, a 25-year-old... Read more
This spring, much of Chatham County will be policed by a new set of top officers.
Three of the Savannah-Chatham police department's five... Read more
Savannah-Chatham police are investigating a shooting at the Oaks at Brandlewood apartment complex.
The shooting was reported about 9:45 p.m... Read more


text:
Full judgment is available here: R (on the application of ZAT and Others) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Article 8 ECHR – Dublin Regulation – interface – proportionality) IJR [2016] UKUT 61 (IAC). The applicant children were all clearly very vulnerable and all had family members in the UK. They would all eventually have been admitted to the UK under the Dublin Convention to join their family members here, but the delays caused by the French authorities were considerable and unconscionable. A best case scenario was that it would take one year.
Owing to factors including age, mental disability, the psychological damage already done, the clear likelihood of further psychological turmoil and disturbance, the pressing and urgent need for family reunification on the very special facts of these cases and the fact that the children would all be well cared for in the UK, the tribunal held that an exception should be made to the normal Dublin process and the children should be admitted immediately.
The main conclusion and summary of reasons:
We are satisfied that the Secretary of State's refusal to permit the swift admission to the United Kingdom of the first four Applicants would interfere disproportionately with the right to respect to family life under Article 8 ECHR enjoyed by all seven Applicants if the first four Applicants could properly be seen as claimants to refugee status who, because of the operation of the Dublin Regulation, to be able to have their claims determined in the United Kingdom where their siblings are. In their cases, the negative aspects of pursuing a full blown Dublin Regulation claim in France would detrimentally affect all seven Applicants in the manner set forth in [55] above. The sole difficulty then is that having as yet made no claim, the first four Applicants' present status is not that of persons seeking asylum. Rather, they are family members simpliciter. Having prepared the scales in the manner outlined above, our conclusion is that the balance tips in favour of the Applicants provided that they are prepared to set in motion their asylum claims processes in France. The Order we make achieves an accommodation between the two legal regimes in play. It strikes an appropriate balance by preserving the general structure of the CEAS [Common European Asylum System] and the Dublin Regulation principles in particular, while simultaneously ensuring that once a claim by any of the first four Applicants has been made the administration of the CEAS will not be permitted to interfere disproportionately with the Article 8 rights of that Applicant or his family member.
Well done to the legal team:
We are indebted to counsel for their able and succinct arguments. We add with pleasure that the conduct of these proceedings was exemplary