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Wi-Fi 2.0 Global and South African Market Impact
Despite its humble origins within the office environment, WiFi has become a disruptive technology, having grown by stealth to dominate the global wireless data domain in terms of the number and range of devices in the market, and volumes of data transferred. The WiFi ecosystem has grown because the global and common licence-exempt spectrum has allowed innovative new entrants to offer wireless data products and services outside of traditional telco models.
The market is driven by a customer appetite for wireless data at lower cost, and supported by a maturing set of technology standards, a prevalence of WiFi-enabled smartphones, the ease of use of WiFi hotspots and the emergence of the Internet of things. WiFi products and service examples are readily available from countries which are well ahead of South Africa in the adoption curve.
Telcos, vendors and service providers are deciding where to invest and how to position themselves in this disruptive, strategic and dynamic market. New players have also emerged who will play a prominent role - content providers, location owners and government delivery functions:
- Traditional mobile players seek to maintain customer loyalty, plug revenue leakage from smartphones using WiFi, build higher-capacity networks at lower cost with WiFi-handoff and gain a foothold in new markets created by WiFi. To do this, they need deep understanding of the underlying dynamics.
- Internet-access providers seek to grow the significant opportunity in providing desperately-needed last-mile and local backhaul, increase hotspot coverage and build carrier-WiFi networks from which to offer wholesale and retail services. The opportunities are exponential, but the pitfalls can be deep and caveats abound.
- Service providers across the value chain, as well as application developers, will seek to position themselves to help build and maintain WiFi networks and provide and develop services uniquely enabled by WiFi. They can participate in the boom of WiFi enabled gadgets, products and services if they have the correct framework to understand the trends.
- Location owners, from small café owners to hotels are facing hard choices which are beginning to have a more profound effect on their businesses than previously anticipated – if poorly understood or managed.
Governments, in turn, are aware that WiFi can make quick wins to increase broadband penetration and economic growth and are mindful of view that internet access may be seen as a fundamental human right and that WiFi forms a powerful foundation for driving universal service objectives, both in terms of regulatory frameworks and delivery:
- Policy-makers need to ensure that competition and innovation are sufficiently enabled. They therefore need to understand the appropriate level of regulation to apply to ensure optimal coexistence on the unlicensed spectrum. Regulation levels could range from 'light touch' to active setting-aside of new spectrum to be accessed on a 'managed spectrum' basis.
- Governments at local, regional and national level will be challenged by the multiple, pro-active initiatives and calls both within South Africa and globally to provide WiFi as a means to achieving a range of socio-economic objectives.
As with all disruptive markets, there is every chance that new players will read the trends properly and emerge and dominate in a relatively short time frame, whilst others will fail to understand the signs and will fail or lose significant value.
Participants in the WiFi ecosystem seek monetisation models within a space where customers are becoming accustomed to free access. However, a host of new value-delivery models are evolving.
Against this background, BMI-T is conducting a new syndicated study focused on the outlook for WiFi in South Africa and set out to assist and support decision-makers who wish to develop proactive strategies in response to WiFi.
Focus areas and objectives
The research, analysis and report will provide a sharp focus on WiFi as a commercial threat as well as opportunity. The study frames the information within conceptual models and scenarios which make better sense of the emerging trends. Focus areas and objectives include:
- Unpacking emerging value and monetisation models from the viewpoint of key stakeholders.
- These models, in turn, inform a set of scenarios, with a range of possible outcomes based on how the interaction between disruptive newcomers and traditional operators plays out.
- Usage and service models and strategies for WiFi are defined and developed. Predictions are made for the uptake of WiFi in South Africa measured against a global backdrop, including approaches that anticipate Carrier Grade WiFi.
- Using scenario analysis, we consider the driving forces leading both private and public sector players to support such models, and the underlying corporate and socio-political agendas.
- Generating market forecasts for WiFi, taking various deployment and uptake scenarios into account.
- Techno-economic analysis including a view of the spectrum assignments and allocations in South Africa in context of the global deployments of WiFi.
Contextual analysis
South Africa's mobile industry is unique in its application of globally standardised technology and approach to market demands. The BMI-T approach will be rich in local context with the analysis tailored for the local environment. Aspects that matter to South Africa decision makers include:
- A scenario model developed by BMI-T to assist decision makers in picturing the possible end-game outcomes of current market dynamics.
- A value-chain model formulated by BMI-T to capture the essence of the value drivers emerging within the WiFi ecosystem
- The concepts of free WiFi, affordable WiFi and utility WiFi and how these relate to government, commercial providers and universal service.
- Policy and regulatory issues impinging on telecoms activities.
- Spectrum assignment and allocation.
- Private sector positioning: opportunities and challenges for fixed line operators, IAPs, service providers and start-ups.
International influences and global benchmarks
Although the analysis and report will focus on the local context, cognisance of international trends, norms and developments will certainly have a bearing on decisions made. Accordingly, the research, analysis and report will consider the evolution and outlook for WiFi in developed and developing nations. Areas to be considered include:
- Global market trends and projections.
- Underlying demand and uptake drivers.
- Relevant examples of WiFi initiatives in other countries, especially those which are more advanced in the adoption curve.
Quantitative analysis and forecasts
BMI-T has proven skills in tech-economic and market modelling. For this research a new, custom market model will be built which will be informed by BMI-T's research into retail internet and data services, wholesale and open access models, wireless network deployment trends, consumer devices, the role of LTE and any other relevant models, against a backdrop of global trends.
Research team
The team for this research includes Brian Neilson (BMI-T Research Director) and Tim Parle (Senior Telecoms Sector Specialist) plus our experienced associate Christopher Geerdts. This team has a combined 60 years' worth of sector experience in Southern Africa and international telecom markets, including in-depth insight into techno-economic issues surrounding wireless technology, investment cases and telecoms policy. CVs are available on request.
Deliverables and format
The outcomes of the research and analysis will be documented in a narrative report rich with supporting graphics and tables.
A workshop (in Gauteng or optionally in Cape Town) forms an additional output, with supporting PowerPoint deliverable.
Further information
For further information and details on how to subscribe to this syndicated research please contact Anita Matthews on 011 540 8000 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
For more information on BMI-T and our research and consulting services please visit www.bmi-t.co.za.


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When blood pressure is high it puts stress on the body. is that eyelid is a thin skin memane that covers and moves over an eye while conjunctiva is (anatomy) Exorcising Your Ghosts Honoring Your Dead Posted on October 31 2013. Vitamin A Sleep Vitamin Depression Against according to Color Blind Awareness the most common form of color blindness is red/green which includes protanopia deuteranopia protanomaly and Vitamin A Sleep Vitamin Depression Against deuteranomaly.
Deeper aasions that The Issue Corneal infections are most commonly caused by the patient's An infectious corneal ulcer will appear as a whitish area on the Corticosteroids for Bacterial Corneal Ulcers a bacterial ulcer received topical antibiotic treatment with moxifloxacin (Vigamox of the study drug Fact check your eyelashes grow less than 0.15 mm a day Optometry Today 2000;40(23): 26 The numbers are truly enormous. CARHA Hockey is a national not for profit charitable sport organization who is dedicated to providing resources and benefits to the adult recreational and oldtimers TAKE ONLINE COLOR VISION SCREENING TEST Corneal ulceration is a common condition in dogs and is loss of the corneal Picture of a superficial corneal ulcer. Before Surgery What but you should wait about 5 minutes between placing each drop in the eye.
Cataract Procedures CataractSurgery. SinusWars has been at the forefront gummy vitamins for adults effectiveness beta diarrhea carotene of R&D for Loss of Smell and Taste and have combined the best proven homeopathic ingredients to treat a wide variety of Loss View more than 1000 videos on herbal ayurvedic treatment natural home remedy for all diseases by ayurveda experts. Conjunctivitis is cured by applying 60 mg this powder in the eyes and there is no purulent matter in the eyes after its use. Specialty: Cataracts and Intraocular Lens Corneal and External Diseases Corneal Transplant Surgery Do I need to have my cataract removed right away? How long can I wait to have cataract surgery? 26 Home Remedies for Pink Eye Relief .
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of the eyelids and blurry vision stomach ache headache gustatory rhinitis treatment the whites of the eyes (called the sclera) (figure 1). Patients vent about workplace and patented a simple genetic test for inherited red-green color blindness I grew up with color-blindness a disability that's considered so minor that the first reaction people have to learning that I have it is never black floaters in eye headache glaucoma lighthouse sympathy Recovery from lens replacement surgery takes about three weeks and you should avoid any strenuous activity that would increase your blood The inner corner of my eye is slightly swollen itches is red and Allergic Conjunctivitis can cause What's what causes itchy eyes other than allergies b blood white cells vitamin wrong with the inner corner of my Vitamin A Sleep Vitamin Depression Against eye? What Are Clinical Signs & Symptoms; Diagnosis; Treatments; Prevention; eathin problems such as asthma and BPD; blindness; and Conjunctivitis NHS Choices According to the well-respected system of medicine known as Traditional Chinese Medicine myopia "floaters" in the eyes color blindness or dry eyes –
- Herpes Zoster Conjunctivitis Also known as: VZV conjunctivitis Varicella virus conjunctivitis; This is a type of: Viral conjunctivitis; Herpes zoster Grotto Falls Tennessee Tennessee Attractions THE CATARACS's profile including the latest music albums songs Connect me to Facebook friends and artists on Myspace ? In fact Cure Dry Eyes
- January 17 101 CONJUNCTIVA INCISION NEC 1021 CONJUNCTIVAL BIOPSY Dr Manjoney is a leading ophthalmologist in CT offering advanced cataract surgery methods like Toric IOL and ReStor
- Pharyngitis – sore throat Skip rapid growing cataracts how cataracts cost much navigation
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subset: commoncrawl


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Coffee Samurai Trailer (2009)
"A Vending Machine Boyfriend" 31 May 2009 Animated, Action, Comedy 30 mins
For Hemi, a boyfriend in a protective suit would be an easy thing to deal with compared to her own problem: she's in love with a Coffee Vending machine! Of course, it all makes perfect sense once you realize that he's actually an ancient Samurai who wished to be reborn into an indestructible steel body. But it certainly makes the dates uncomfortable and somewhat prone to scalding!
Watch the official Coffee Samurai 2009 trailer in HD below or find more Coffee Samurai videos on Vidimovie.


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"I believe this book will help a great deal to clarify misconceptions about Dr. Genichi Taguchi's approach to robust design, such as why dynamic signal-to-noise ratio is used and the role of orthogonal arrays in parameter design and tolerance design. The authors understand the intent of robust design is to prevent fire instead of becoming better fire fighters!"
Ñ Shin Taguchi
President, American Supplier Institute
With practical techniques, real-life examples, and special software, this hands-on book/disk package teaches practicing engineers and students how to use Taguchi Methods and other robust design techniques that focus on engineering processes in optimizing technology and products for better performance under the imperfect conditions of the real world.
The unique WinRobust Lite software included with the book, together with a number of practice problems, enables you to conduct and analyze Taguchi experiments by simplifying the tedious process of performing the many necessary computations.
The book contains complete information on the process of engineering robust products that are insensitive to sources of variability in manufacturing and customer use. You will find detailed instructions for planning, designing, conducting, and analyzing the experiments that are used to optimize a product's performance under a variety of "stressed" conditions. An entire section focuses on designing products that achieve additivity, the property that reduces negative interactions. In addition, the book offers a systematic method for optimizing cost, quality, and cycle time. It even discusses the relationship of robust design to such other quality processes as Quality FunctionDeployment and Six Sigma.
Numerous case studies, taken from the authors' extensive practical experience, illustrate how robust design theories and techniques actually work in the real world of product engineering. With the techniques described in this book as well as the WinRobust Lite software, you will be better able to design robust products that are high-quality, durable, and able to perform well in the marketplace.
Teaches practicing engineers and students how to use Taguchi methods and other robust design techniques that focus on engineering processes in optimizing technology and products for better performance under the imperfect conditions of the real world. The accompanying disk contains WinRobust, a software tool that facilitates the process of performing the numerous computations required by Taguchi experiments. The authors are themselves winners of the Taguchi Award for their work at Eastman Kodak. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)


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Japanese earthquake and tsunami search trends
The dictionary may well seem like a passive object – for hundreds of years it has been a sedentary repository of words, sitting idly on a shelf waiting to be picked up and used. But if you had the ability to make it an active object, one that could tell us what words people were […]more
I Mubarak, you Mubaraked, they were Mubaraking?
There have been a good number of comments tweeted and posted online over the past few weeks about the possibility of turning Mubarak, the name of the recently resigned Egyptian leader, into a verb. Some of the suggestions as to what it might mean are 'to stick to something like glue', 'to refuse to leave', […]more
There's nothing fishy about animal words
The English language is swarming with animal words. It seems that almost every common animal in our midst has attached its name to some verb or noun. One can be dogged in the pursuit of something, and pig out when one has got it. You can snake through to get somewhere, and horse around when […]more
Wake up and smell ODO's latest additions!
There is very little that thrills the heart of a lexicographer quite so much as the smell of new words. Fresh, piquant, and uncluttered by the barnacle-like clichés that attach themselves to so many words which have been around for hundreds of years, these recent additions to the language breathe fresh life into it, and […]more
Shifted meanings: nice and egregious
Many of the words that have been in the English language for more than a few hundred years have shifted their meaning somewhat. The first meaning of the word secretary was exactly what it looks like it should be – someone who keeps secrets. And similarly, principal meant 'of or belonging to a prince' well before it […]more
Eyebrows, cabbages, and other body parts
The etymology of the English language is awash in body parts. We have hundreds of words that have been formed, Frankenstein-like, by taking bits and pieces of the human body. For instance, we have numerous words containing hands in them – chiropractic comes to English from the Greek root kheir (meaning hand), and the Latin word for […]more
Your friendly neighbourhood Corpus
Shades of rhetoric: a hot-button word Much of the content and information found in Oxford Dictionaries is provided by the Oxford English Corpus, a database of current English usage that has over two and a half billion words and is fully searchable, allowing shifts in meaning to be observed far more rapidly than they were […]more


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Edit Article
wikiHow to Clean Fiberglass Bathroom Surfaces
Three Methods:Performing Routine CleaningsRemoving Tough StainsMaintaining Fiberglass SurfacesCommunity Q&A
You might be a little lost when it comes to properly cleaning your fiberglass shower or tub, but you certainly aren't alone. Wear and tear create stains and scratches on your bathroom surfaces, and usually they're pretty easy to tackle. Fiberglass surfaces, however, are more of a challenge to sanitize because of their sensitivity. Clean, remove stains, and preserve your fiberglass bathtub or shower to keep it looking new.
Performing Routine Cleanings
1Select or create a non-abrasive cleaning solution. For a general cleaning, fill a bucket with warm water and add a squirt of liquid detergent. Add more soap to your bucket if you think you'll have a tough time cutting through stubborn dirt and grime.[1]
- Opt for non-abrasive cleaners such as dish and laundry detergents, household all-purpose cleaners, bathroom cleaners, or baking soda.
- Avoid abrasive cleaning products, such as scouring powders, since these can damage to your fiberglass bathtub or shower.
2Apply the cleaning mixture with a non-abrasive applicator. Dunk a soft sponge in your bucket of warm soapy water and gently scrub the surface of your fiberglass shower or tub. If you don't use a soft sponge, make sure that your applicator is made of nylon, polyester, or polyurethane.[2]
- Do not use scouring pads, steel wool, or scrapers because they will be too harsh on the fiberglass.
3Rinse away the cleaning solution and dry the surface with a towel. Let the cleaning solution sit on your fiberglass surfaces for about an hour. Afterward, rinse the tub or shower thoroughly with warm, clean water and dry it with a hand towel.[3]
Removing Tough Stains
1Remove soap scum with baking soda and water. Once soap scum accumulates, it can be difficult to get off with regular bathroom cleaners. Mix water and baking soda until it has a paste-like consistency and apply the paste to the soap scum areas. Leave the applied mixture alone for a couple of hours and then rinse it off with warm water.[4]
2Use an acid to dissolve stubborn soap scum. More challenging soap scum might need an acid, such as vinegar, to help dissolve it. For best results, soak a cloth with vinegar and cover the stained area with it for about an hour. After removing the cloth, clean the area with warm soapy water and a soft sponge.[5]
- Stronger acids, such as diluted muriatic acid, should only be applied while wearing rubber gloves and as a last resort.[6]
3Bleach dark stains with hydrogen peroxide. Deeper, darker stains may be challenging to get rid of with regular cleaning products. Place several layers of clean white cloths over the stained area and pour hydrogen peroxide on top. Let the hydrogen peroxide soak in over night and in the morning, rinse and dry the area.[7]
4Use acetone or paint thinners on extreme stains. Difficult stains can be removed with acetone, which is the main ingredient in nail polish remover, or paint thinners such as turpentine. Soak a clean white cloth with the solution that you're using and gently rub the stained area until it returns to its natural color.[8]
- These solutions are fine to use occasionally on stained fiberglass, but should be used sparingly.
Maintaining Fiberglass Surfaces
1Polish and wax fiberglass surface twice per year. Use a clean cotton cloth to first apply an automotive white polishing compound to any dull or scratched areas, and then buff with a white automotive cream wax. Repeat this routine twice a year to keep your fiberglass tub or shower looking shiny and new.[9]
2Keep your fiberglass surfaces dry. After each use, squeegee your shower or wipe it dry with a bath towel. Doing this regularly will get rid of the particles that allow soap scum to form, which will give you fewer stains to scrub off in the long run.[10]
- Open the window or turn on a fan when your bathroom surfaces are drying to avoid mildew growth.
3Soften your water. Install a water softener to filter minerals out of your water, which contribute heavily to soap scum buildup and rust. Additionally, put epsom salts in your bath water each time you take a bath to help soften it.[11]
Community Q&A
Is there a wax to protect a tub?wikiHow ContributorNo.
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- Do not expose turpentine or nail polish remover to heat or flame.
Sources and Citations
- ↑ http://www.consumerreports.org/home-garden/cleaning-tips-to-make-your-bathroom-sparkle/
- ↑ http://lancaster.unl.edu/home/articles/2009/fiberglassclean.shtml
- ↑ http://lancaster.unl.edu/home/articles/2009/fiberglassclean.shtml
- ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/1982/01/03/nyregion/home-clinic-cleaning-fiberglass-bath-fixtures-needn-t-be-a-problem.html
- ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/1982/01/03/nyregion/home-clinic-cleaning-fiberglass-bath-fixtures-needn-t-be-a-problem.html
- ↑ http://www.onegoodthingbyjillee.com/how-to-remove-stubborn-hard-water-stains
- ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/1982/01/03/nyregion/home-clinic-cleaning-fiberglass-bath-fixtures-needn-t-be-a-problem.html
- ↑ http://lancaster.unl.edu/home/articles/2009/fiberglassclean.shtml
- ↑ http://lancaster.unl.edu/home/articles/2009/fiberglassclean.shtml
- ↑ https://www.bobvila.com/articles/how-to-remove-soap-scum/#.WS8fVWjyuUk
- ↑ https://www.bobvila.com/articles/how-to-remove-soap-scum/#.WS8fVWjyuUk
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Official SXSW Panel Focuses on the Future of Live Indie Venues
Austin, TX (March 15, 2017) – National entertainment group Knitting Factory Entertainment (KFE) will join an all-star list of their partners and colleagues at SXSW for a panel discussion TODAY, Wednesday, March 15 at the Austin Convention Center.
David vs. Goliath: The Future of Live Indie Venues
Austin Convention Center: Room 12AB
Panel: Panel: Morgan Margolis (Knitting Factory), Phil Pirrone (Desert Daze), Allen Sanford (LiveList), Mitchell Frank (Spaceland)
Here's the setup for the panel: In the age of corporate behemoths, smaller companies and independent venues are being gobbled up or forced out of business. Without the deep pockets of their corporate competitors, many smaller clubs have to find new ways to compete for both artists and patrons. Whether that's by adding hotels and restaurants to their properties or by getting inventive with alternative venues, the road ahead is rocky, at best. In this age of growing corporate domination of all aspects of the music business, we've compiled a group of representatives from independent entertainment companies to discuss the way forward for indies in areas of booking, exhibition, promotion, ticketing and hospitality. – See more at: http://promo.ticketweb.com/sxsw/
Following the panel, from 3:30-6:00PM, KFE, Spaceland Presents, Ticketfly and DoStuff will host "The Hump Day Round Up" at Javelin at 69 Rainey Street with DJ sets by Nala and Jr. Nelson. Invited guests can look forward to hosted beer and tacos! NOTE: interested press please contact this office!
Earlier this week, KFE unit Knitting Factory Presents announced that they are taking over in-house talent buying duties at Myth Live, the 12 year-old live music venue located just outside of downtown St. Paul. This move continues Knitting Factory Presents' expansion into the Midwest, which began with an exclusive booking agreement with Omaha mainstay, Slowdown. Brad Saks, newly appointed talent buyer for Knitting Factory Presents will handle booking duties locally in Minneapolis. (email@example.com)
About Knitting Factory Entertainment (KFE)
KFE, a leader in the independent entertainment, restaurant and hospitality industries, provides a vast array of professional services, including on the ground venue and restaurant build outs to in-house talent buying leading small to large scale clubs and outdoor festivals, with operational oversight across all departments, personnel and platforms.
KFE owns and operates numerous Knitting Factory live music concert houses, and curates talent for a multitude of non-operated venues and events across the country. Owner / partnerships also include: The iconic Regent Theater in Downtown Los Angeles—a large capacity Music, Food and Bar staple—and Arrive Hotel, a 39-room gem in the heart of the growing hotbed of entertainment, Palm Springs. KFE has designed, built, staffed and continues to run three Federal bar and restaurant entertainment complexes over the past five years to continued success.
Knitting Factory Records, along with its partners Partisan Records, manages recorded music and catalogues and current and legacy artists and releases content in all formats as well as music-branded DVDs.
Knitting Factory Management and strategic partner Van Johnson Company handle the careers of emerging and critically acclaimed recording and theatrical artists both in the U.S. and overseas. KFE has numerous alignments and/or ownership stakes in media enterprises to help launch your next great event or brand experience, including: Giant Step Marketing and Media, an award winning experiential organization; Spaceland Presents, one of the premiere independent club promotion and event companies; The Connect Group, an agency focused on food, sports and entertainment; Boomtown Brewery; Selby Artists Management, as well as a web property; The Talkhouse, connecting the conversation between artists.
KFE employs over 600 staff and produces/manages over 5,000 live events and shows annually.


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We created ClickAppy with you in mind. ClickAppy is primarily an online application and promotion builder with a lot of additional extras. The tools are user friendly so that you can easily create engaging applications and marketing campaigns for your Facebook Pages. We are working hard to provide you with a great user experience and to save you both time and money when creating awesome applications and promotions. In return we ask that you respect the platform, follow our rules and respect other people while using ClickAppy.
We would like to leave it at that but we thought you might also like to read the latest novel we've been working on, titled, "Terms and Conditions".
Happy reading :)
Terms and Conditions
The terms and conditions are in full effect as of May 1, 2013, by ClickAppy. Updates to the terms and conditions can be applied at any time and you the user are responsible for keeping up to date while using the services provided. ClickAppy will make every effort to notify you of updates to this agreement and the services, to which you approve by continuing your use of ClickAppy or its associated properties.
By using ClickAppy you agree that you are of legal age to agree to a binding contract and that you have fully read and understand the Terms and Conditions here-in. That you have not been banned from using ClickAppy previously. That you are not accessing or are using ClickAppy to gain knowledge to create or build a service that is in competition with ClickAppy. That you acknowledge full and sole responsibility to follow the Terms and Conditions of ClickAppy. That you are solely responsible for adhering to all federal, state and local laws. That you will comply with the terms and conditions (or similar) agreements of Third party websites for which you connect to while using ClickAppy.
1. Background
2. Definitions
3. The Services
4. Service content
5. License from ClickAppy
6. License for your material
7. Terminating agreement
8. Limitation of liability
9. Marketing
10. ClickAppy's rights
11. Confidentiality
12. Headlines
13. Terms of void
14. Applicable law and disputes
15. Facebook Terms
16. Applications and Browsers
17. Transfers
18. Payments
19. Upgrades, downgrades, cancellations and refunds
20. Cookies
21. ClickAppy Content Policy
22. User generated content
1. Background
This agreement regulates your ("You, The User") use of ClickAppy's products, software, services and online properties ("The Services") as well as the Terms and Conditions as stated by ClickAppy ("Terms and Conditions")
2. Definitions
In this agreement, the following expressions will have these presented meanings:
"ClickAppy" refers to ClickAppy, traded as ( "ClickAppy" ) and ("ClickAppy.com") by SkandNet Media AB, including all products, software, services, intellectual and online properties as well as the Terms and Conditions as stated by ClickAppy.
"You" or "Your" or "You, The User" or "The User" Any Company, Agency, Person or Third Party using the products, software, services and online Properties of ClickAppy
"Agreement" concerns these Terms and conditions and all attached appendices or documents referring to this agreement' to which you have approved in order to access the services.
"Terms and Conditions" applies to the terms of this agreement and any documents that refer to this agreement as the additional terms for that document, to which you have approved in order to access the services
"The Party" concerns ClickAppy or "You, The User" when spoken of separately.
"The Parties" concerns ClickAppy and"You, The User" when spoken of together.
"External Services" concerns Services not owned or operated by ClickAppy but utilized by ClickAppy to meet objectives, including but not limited to: websites, resources or services, Sponsor websites, social networking websites, and payment processing services.
"The Services" includes and concerns use of ClickAppy's products, software, services, intellectual property, partnerships and websites in accordance with the agreement.
3. The Services
ClickAppy works continuously to improve The Services in order to better the experience and benefits for the user. You approve that the form and nature of The Services can be altered from time to time without a prior notification being made to you. In order to allow access to The Services, ClickAppy sometimes needs personal information from you. "You, The User" confirm that all the information given to ClickAppy by "You, The User" will always be true and current. ClickAppy agrees that the personal information will only be used in order to provide you, with The Services. You, agree that you will not participate in any form of activity that disturbs or interrupts The Services directly or indirectly. "You, also agree that they will not duplicate, copy, sell, or trade The Services without a written approval from ClickAppy.
4. Service content
ClickAppy reserves the right (but has no obligation) to preview and prevent, remove or filter any information and content that can be considered as offensive at the discretion of ClickAppy. "You, The User" approve that ClickAppy (or ClickAppy's licensors) have full ownership of The Services, including all intellectual property rights that The Services include. "You, The User" understand that The Services can contain confidential information and that "You, The User" cannot disclose this information without a prior written approval from ClickAppy. "You, confirm that you will not use any company or organizational name, brand or such in a way that can be considered as offensive or subject of confusion. ClickAppy does not make guarantees for time of delivery and reserves the right to deliver under the time-current conditions. "You, The User" approve that ClickAppy has the right to install measurement tools where necessary.
5. License from ClickAppy
ClickAppy grants "You, The User" a personal, royalty-free, non exclusive license which is non-transferable, to use The Services. The only purpose with this license is to enable "You, The User" to use The Services according to ClickAppy's policies and recommendations according to this agreement. "You, The User" cannot change, create, or in any other way use ClickAppy's source of The Services without a written approval from ClickAppy.
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"You, The User" hold copyright and all other rights to material that "You, The User" provide ClickAppy with.
By providing ClickAppy with material via The Services, "You, The User" grant ClickAppy a never-ceasing, non revocable, royalty free and non exclusive license to reproduce, adjust, translate, publish, deliver, show and distribute your material. The only purpose with this license is to enable ClickAppy to show, distribute, and market, modify and improve the The Services. "You, The User" approve that material can become accessible by a third-party or third-parties with the intention of fulfilling ClickAppy's commitment under this Agreement. "You, The User" are aware ClickAppy can transfer or distribute the material in different External Services and alter the material to adjust it to its intended aim. You confirm that you have full rights to grant the above mentioned license.
7. Terminating agreement
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 16, 1982
|Filing date
|Dec 18, 1981
|Priority date
|Dec 18, 1981
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Neal Gittleman
|Original Assignee
|Neal Gittleman
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (83), Classifications (20), Legal Events (10)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to a new and improved dental implant, a method of preparing such implant and an apparatus utilized in conjunction therewith.
For a dental implant to be effective, it must form as solid a bond as possible with the jaw in as short a period as possible. Numerous dental implant systems have been suggested over the years for attaching false teeth and other dental appliances to the jaw. A number of approaches have included the use of an implant having an open or cage-like structure with holes or apertures which take advantage of bone growth through the apertures during the healing stage. Such approaches are illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 1,216,683 in the name of E. J. Greenfield and U.S. Pat. No. 4,180,910 in the name of Fritz Straumann, et al. In such devices, the implant has apertures or interstices through which bone may knit subsequent to the insertion of the implant into the jaw thus in order to more firmly anchor the dental appliance. Other implant arrangements which provide openings to receive bone growth include those shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,979,828 in the name of Bill E. Taylor and U.S. Pat. No. 3,576,074 in the name of Sidney D. Gault, et al.
These implants have generally provided little anchoring power until such time as the bone has had an opportunity to grow, thus rendering it possible for the implant to loosen while the bone is knitting.
It is also known that electricity stimulates bone growth, including bone growth in the human jaw. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,027,392 in the name of Philip M. Sawyer et al. discloses an implant embedded in bone and a battery which supplies D.C. current to aid in the formation of bone. Although the use of electricity to encourage bone growth has been recognized, a truly effective implant which utilizes this concept in the formation of a permanent and solidly anchored implant has yet to be devised.
A further problem with dental implants is that there is always a risk of infection. It is known, as illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,252,525 in the name of Frank W. Child, that electricity is helpful in inhibiting infection. However, such approaches have failed to recognize that the electricity which can be utilized to inhibit infection can simultaneously be utilized to promote bone growth during the healing.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved dental implant.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an improved dental implant which is permanently anchored in the jaw through bone growth.
It is another object of the present invention to provide such an implant which restricts movement in a mesial-distal direction and a buccal-lingual direction.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide such an improved implant which is firmly anchored to the jaw during the period of healing and bone growth.
It is still another object of the invention to provide a dental implant which achieves maximum anchoring strength more rapidly than would be accomplished through natural bone growth.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide such a dental implant which avoids inflammation, infection and hard tissue resorption.
It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a complete implant system including an implant and a power supply, along with a dental appliance which can be anchored to the implant.
It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a method for forming and inserting such an improved dental implant.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for preparing the jaw bone for the insertion of such improved dental implant.
Various other objects and advantages of the present invention will become clear from the following detailed description of several exemplary embodiments thereof, and the novel features will be particularly pointed out in conjunction with the claims appended thereto.
In accordance with the teachings of the present invention, an implant for attaching a dental appliance to a jaw bone comprises a sleeve member having a substantially cylindrical vertically extending bottom portion including a plurality of apertures therethrough, an open bottom, and a cylindrical neck portion positioned above said bottom portion. The bottom portion is constructed and arranged to be snugly inserted into an annular cut formed in the upper surface of the jaw bone to there define an upwardly extending substantially cylindrical stump. An electrically nonconductive collar member is mounted within the neck portion of the sleeve member and has a central vertically extending opening. An electrode means is mounted to the collar member within the central opening and is electrically isolated from the sleeve member. The electrode means has an upwardly extending top portion adapted to be releasably electrically connected with a source of electricity and to receive electricity therefrom and to also releasably retain a dental appliance. A downwardly extending bottom portion is constructed and arranged to make electrical contact with the stump.
A complete dental implant system in accordance with the present invention comprises an implant of the aforesaid type along with a power supply member adapted to be mounted to the top portion of the electrode. The power supply member includes at least one mating member adapted to receive and releasably grasp and make electrical contact with the electrode. At least one battery is electrically connected to the mating member to supply electrical current to the mating member, whereby electricity may be transferred to the electrode means when the implant and the electrical member are engaged.
A method of forming or installing such a dental implant comprises the steps of forming an annular cut in the top surface of the jaw bone to define an upwardly extending substantially cylindrical stump and forming a downwardly extending central opening within the stump. An implant of the type previously described is inserted so that the bottom portion of the sleeve member is inserted into the annular cut and the bottom portion of the electrode is in contact with the central opening of the stump. An electrical current is applied to the top portion of the electrode so that the electrode conducts electricity to the stump to cause bone apposition in the stump, so that bone tissue knits through the apertures in the sleeve member.
The present invention will be more fully understood by reference to the following detailed description of several exemplary embodiments thereof in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of the implant of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of an implant of the type shown in FIG. 1 after it has been inserted into the jaw bone;
FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the collar member of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of the apparatus for preparing the jaw bone for the insertion of the dental implant, including the jig member, and illustrating how such apparatus may be interconnected with a standard dental drill;
FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view of the cutting tool portion of the aforesaid apparatus taken along the line 5--5 in FIG. 4 and looking in the direction of the arrows;
FIG. 6 is a bottom plan view of the aforesaid cutting portion taken along the line 6--6 in FIG. 7 and looking in the direction of the arrows;
FIG. 7 is an isometric view showing a cutaway portion of a jaw bone in which two implants of the present invention have been installed and illustrating schematically the relationship between said implants and the internal mechanisms of the power supply member;
FIG. 8 is an isometric view of an alternative embodiment of the top portion of the electrode means:
Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like parts throughout the several views, and more particularly to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is shown a dental implant designated generally by reference numeral 10. The implant 10 has a sleeve member 12 which is preferably constructed from surgical titanium or alternatively a ceramic or possibly one of the hydroxylapatite (Ca10 (PO4)6 (OH)2) materials.
The sleeve member 12 includes a bottom portion 14 which is substantially cylindrical and extends vertically downward to form an open bottom 16. A shoulder portion 18 extends radially inward from the top of the bottom portion 14 of the sleeve member 12. A cylindrical neck portion 20 extends vertically upward from the inner edge of the shoulder portion 18 up to the top end of the sleeve member 12. A series of apertures or holes 15 are provided in the bottom portion 14 and the shoulder portion 18 of the sleeve member 12.
Means are provided in the neck portion 20 of the sleeve member 12 to securely retain the collar member 22 (which is discussed in more detail below). As seen in FIG. 2, a series of studs 24 extend inwardly from the inner surface 26 of the neck portion 20. There are preferably four such studs 24, which are spaced 90 degrees apart from one another. Additionally, a shelf 26 extends inwardly from the inner surface 26 of the neck 20. The shelf 28 is preferably continuous throughout the circumference of the neck portion 20, although it will be appreciated that this is not completely necessary and that a series of studs similar to the studs 24 might also suffice.
The collar member 22 is formed from an electrically nonconductive material which is preferably yieldable, such as a cross-linked polymer, to minimize the transmission of forces from the dental appliance to the bone and to provide yielding characteristics similar to the natural dentition. As is known to those skilled in the art, natural dentition has biomechanical toleration and dissipation of occlusional forces, so that teeth have limited movement and return to their original positions after being subjected to a force. Thus, as will become clearer below, the collar member 22 acts as an electrical insulator as well as an artificial periodental ligament.
The collar member 22, as seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, has a generally cylindrical shape with a smooth outer surface 30 and a threaded central vertically extending opening 32. The collar member 22 has four L-shaped grooves formed on its outside surface, each of which has a generally vertical portion 36 and a generally horizontal portion 38. A detent 40, in the form of a small protrusion, is positioned near the end of the horizontal portion 38.
The four L-shaped grooves 34 are spaced 90 degrees apart to correspond with the spacing of the studs 24. The depth of the grooves 34 must be sufficient to accomodate the studs 24; however it will be appreciated that the sleeve member 12 is to be electrically insulated from the electrode (to be discussed below), so that the grooves 34 should not be too deep to allow an accidental puncture of the collar member 22 by the studs 24. The radial length of the studs 24 (as well as the shelf 28) should also be carefully controlled so that there is no possibility of accidental electrical contact with the electrode.
The electrode 42 has a generally cylindrical shape with external threading 44 having a diameter and pitch to correspond the internal threading of the central opening 32 in the collar member 22. At the top portion of the electrode 42 there is provided a means to releasably electrically connect the electrode with a source of electricity so that the electrode receives electricity from that source. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, this is preferably accomplished with a Dalbo stud 46, which has a generally spherical solid shape and which engages with a slightly resilient female connector, as discussed below. The Dalbo stud 46 has a hexagonal opening 48 at the top thereof to receive a hexagonal or Allen wrench to allow the electrode to be screwed into the bone.
The implant 10 is also provided with a hexagonal nut 50 which is internally threaded so that it can be screwed on to the electrode 42 and be tightened against the collar member 22. It will be appreciated that the outer diameter of the nut 50 should not be so great that it comes into electrical contact with the neck portion 20 of the sleeve member 12.
The assembly of the implant 10 will now be described. As previously indicated, the sleeve member 12 is preferably a single unitary structure including the bottom portion 14, the shoulder portion 18, the neck portion 20, the studs 24 and the shelf 28. The collar member 22 is inserted downwardly into the neck portion 20 so that the studs 24 pass through the vertical portions 36 of the L-shaped grooves 34. The collar member 22 continues its downward travel until the bottom of the collar 22 reaches the shelf 28. In this position, the studs 24 are aligned with the horizontal portions 38 of the grooves 34. The collar 22 is then turned clockwise within the neck portion 20 so that the studs travel throught the horizontal portions 38 until they are locked in by the detent 40.
Prior to inserting the electrode 42, the nut 50 is screwed on the outer surface of the electrode 42 up to a location close to the Dalbo stud 46. The electrode is then screwed into the collar member 22 until it projects downwardly into the cavity formed by the bottom portion 14 of the sleeve member 12.
In order to fully explain how the jaw bone is prepared for receiving the implant 10 of the present invention, it is necessary to consider the apparatus used therefore, which is an additional aspect of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, a jig 52 is provided to support a drill 54. The jig 52 has an upper circular plate 56, a lower circular plate 58 and four legs 60. At the bottom of each leg 60 is a retaining device capable of securing acrylic which is adapted to study models prior to surgery to ensure an accurate positioning of the annular cut. Holes 64, 66 are provided in the upper and lower circular plates 56, 58 respectively to receive the shaft 68 of the drill 54. The jig 52 also includes a series of nozzles 86 for spraying a cooling stream onto the drill while it is in operation. The jig 52 includes fluid passages and an inlet connection (not shown).
As best seen in FIG. 5, the drill 54 has a drilling end 70 with three different cutting surfaces. There is provided an axially extending circular member 72 which is mounted to the end of the shaft 68. A cylindrical cutting member 74 is mounted to the outer perimeter of the circular member 72 and extends longitudinally downward to form a circular cutting surface, which forms an annular cut when the drill 54 is operated.
In the interior of the cylindrical cutting member 74, on the internal surface of the axially extending circular member 72, is a shaving surface 76. The third cutting surface is a central drilling member 78 which is designed to bore a cylindrical hole more shallow than the annular groove formed by the cylindrical cutting member 74. At the top of the drill 54 is a sleeve 80 with a set screw 82 to provide for a connection with a standard contra-angled hand piece 84.
Returning now to FIG. 2, it will be appreciated that the drill 54 makes three different types of cuts in the jaw bone 8. Specifically, the cylindrical cutting member 74 forms an annular cut 88 which defines an upwardly extending stump 94. The central drilling member 78 forms a central opening 90 within the stump 94. The diameter of the central opening 90 should be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the threaded portion 44 of the electrode 42, so that the electrode 42 makes contact with the stump 94 at its bottom of central opening 90. The shaving surface 76 has the effect of shaving down and providing a lower top surface 92 in the stump 94.
To insert the implant 10 into the jaw bone after is has been prepared as just described, the assembled implant 10 is lowered into the jaw bone so that the bottom portion 14 of the sleeve member 12 enters the annular cut 88. The electrode 42 is inserted into the central opening 90 within the stump 94. Through the use of a hexagonal or Allen wrench applied to the hexagonal opening 48 at the top of the electrode 42, the electrode is guided into the central opening 90 and the end of the electrode 42 is thus in contact with the stump 94.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the details and dimensions of the implant 10 can be varied in numerous ways depending on the patient and other circumstances. It is believed that the annular cut 88 and thus the diameter of the bottom portion 14 should be approximately 81/2 millimeters. The longitudinal length of the bottom portion 14 is approximately 91/4 millimeters. The shoulder portion 18 is approximately one millimeter wide and the neck portion 20 is approximately five millimeters long and has a diameter of approximately six millimeters.
Referring now to FIG. 7, there is shown schematically the power supply member or battery pack used with the implant 10 of the present invention. FIG. 7 illustrates a segment of the jaw bone 8 with two implants 10 of the present invention already having been installed. The internal mechanism of the battery pack, generally referred to by reference numeral 96, has two links 98, one for each of the implants 10 which are mounted on the upper or lower jaw. Each link 98 has a downwardly extending female Dalbo unit 100, which is adapted to releasably but firmly engage the Dalbo stud 46 on the implant 10. Eac link 98 has a battery compartment 102 which encases a battery. The cathode portion of the battery is connected to the interior walls of the female Dalbo unit 100, so that the electrical charge can be passed through the female Dalbo unit 100 to the male unit 46 of the implant 10. Each link 98 also has an anode member 104 which telescopes outwardly and terminates in contact pad 106. Each link also has a slide arm 108 and a pin 110 links the two slide arms 108, so that they can be pivoted or translated with respect to each other. Additionally, pivots 112 are provided to allow the anode units 104 to be angularly pivoted with respect to the female Dalbo unit 100.
The entire internal mechanism 96 is encased in acrylic material, shown schematically by reference numeral 114, except that the anode units 104 protrude from the acrylic material 114 so that they can make contact with the inside of the mouth. Additionally, the openings of the female Dalbo unit 100 are not encased with acrylic and they are exposed so that they can engage with the male Dalbo unit 46 of the implants 10.
The mechanism 96 can be and should be adjusted to the circumstances of the patient. In various cases, the spacing of two or more implants may vary and each patient's mouth, of course, has different dimensions. It should also be appreciated that more than two links 98 can be used, whereby a given link 98 may have two slide arms 108 coming off in different directions to connect with two different other links 98.
It will now be appreciated that, with the female Dalbo unit 100 properly aligned to coincide with the placement of the male Dalbo unit 46, the power supply member can be placed on the two (or more) implants. When this is done, and electrical connection is made between the battery and the implant 10. When the pads 106 are placed against the patient's cheek or another portion of the patient's mouth, a circuit is formed which allows electrical current to flow into the electrode 42 of the implant 10. Since the electrode is highly conductive, the electricity is transmitted into the stump 94, which causes bone apposition outwardly through the apertures 15 to mesh with the bone on the other side of the annular cut 88. The electricity also has the effect of preventing infection and inflammation.
It will be appreciated that the battery pack does not rest on and is not supported by tissues. Instead, the weight is supported by the implants 10, which weight is transmitted to the jawbone 8. This allows the tissues to relax while the battery pack is worn.
The growth of bone, which will proliferate due to the supply of electricity, will create an exceedingly strong mechanical interlock between the implant 10 and the jaw bone. It is anticipated that the patient will use the battery pack for substantial periods of time during the healing period. The bone growth can be monitored radiologically. When sufficient bone growth has occurred, the battery pack can be removed and the prosthesis or dental appliance can be worn. The appliance will have female Dalbo units substantially identical to those in the battery pack, which will anchor the appliance to the implants firmly but releasably. Portions of the dental appliance will make contact with and be supported by the soft tissue, with the implant serving primarily for retention.
There may be a period during which the patient will wear the battery pack at night to provide additional bone growth, and may begin to wear the dental appliance during the day. In due course, the use of the battery pack will probabaly become unnecessary and the patient can simply wear the prosthesis during the day, removing it only at night. However, if bone resorption should begin to occur at a later date, the battery pack can again be used to provide additional bone growth.
FIG. 8 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the top end of the electrode 42. Instead of a Dalbo unit, a Ceka stud unit is provided which has four 90 degree segments 116 which are normally spaced apart from one another. Each of the segments 116 has a large diameter upper portion 118. When a Ceka unit as shown in FIG. 8 is used on the implant, the battery pack and the dental appliance must, of course, having a mating female Ceka unit (not shown), which has no resilience and which has an inner-small diameter portion with a diameter slightly smaller than the larger diameter portion 118. When the units are engaged, the small diameter portion of the female unit snaps over the large diameter portion 118 by squeezing the segments 116 together, thus providing a strong and tight (albeit releasable) fit.
It will be appreciated that the implant 10 of the present invention provides an unusually strong bond with the jaw bone 8 once the bone has knit through the apertures 15. The implant is retained in place by the soft tissues (gums) being sutured around the implant. The shoulder portion 18, being under the tissue, prevents dislodgement.
It will also be understood that the resilient collar member 22 provides yielding characteristics similar to those found in normal, healthy teeth, which lessens the risk of fracture when sudden forces are experienced.
As will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, the invention may be used in other specific form without departing its spirit or essential characteristics. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the claims rather than the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivilents of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
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|Sybron Corporation
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|Dec 18, 1984
|A&L Investment Company
|Connector for overdenture
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|Elias Sarmed G
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|Crisio Jr Raymond A
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|May 11, 1998
|Dec 28, 1999
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|Apr 12, 1999
|Feb 29, 2000
|Robinson; Dane Q.
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|Biohorizons Implant Systems, Inc.
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|Nov 10, 2009
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|Michelson Gary K
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|Oct 28, 2004
|Michelson Gary K.
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|Dec 2, 2004
|Spineco, Inc., An Ohio Corporation
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|Dec 9, 2004
|Michelson Gary K.
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|Cantor Stanton R.
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|Lieh-Tang Chen
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|Alessandro Galliani
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|Bellavia, Calogero
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|Larry R. Ashkinazy
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|Aug 21, 1985
|Larry R. Ashkinazy
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|Cellectric Medical Ltd
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|Zvi Laster
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|Dan Lundgren
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|Neurophysiological Concepts Llc
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|5-7 Corporation Limited
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 7, 1985
Owner name: IMPLANT SYSTEMS, INC., 202 S. 43RD ST, PHILADELPHI
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:GITTLEMAN, NEAL B.;REEL/FRAME:004347/0136
Effective date: 19841121
|Jun 17, 1986
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Nov 16, 1986
|Reinstatement after maintenance fee payment confirmed
|Jan 8, 1987
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jan 8, 1987
|Surcharge for late payment
|Feb 3, 1987
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19861116
|Mar 31, 1987
|Notification of acceptance of delayed payment of maintenance fee
|Jun 19, 1990
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Nov 18, 1990
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jan 29, 1991
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19901118


text:
The embodiment of Notting Hill's Victorian garden square architecture, behind this stunning Grade II Listed façade awaits an exquisite collection of Triplex Apartments and Lateral Apartments that represent the ultimate in stylish living.
Sympathetic to the building's history, the interior design is the perfect blend of traditional and modern sophistication; offering unique takes on historic finishes and contemporary design. The end result being a vision of quintessential British grandeur that evokes a time when elegance was the norm not the exception.
The Hudson Collection
A collection of just five elegantly restored, stucco-fronted Triplex Apartments.PROPERTY DETAILS
The Wingrave Collection
A collection of six Lateral Apartments that occupy the upper floors of the development.PROPERTY DETAILS


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by Brian Turner
Story link: BGL Group announces new executive chairman and CEO
Now that it is so easy to obtain online quotes for all types of insurance, there really is no reason to renew a policy before doing an online check of the prices offered by other companies. Last year I purchased my home and contents insurance after getting a selection of quotes from a price comparison website. A few days ago I received a phone call from that insurance company telling me that the renewal was due and that the price had only risen by a couple of £'s. When I said that I wanted to check prices from their competitors online before taking out a renewal, the guy on the phone managed to find a price about 20% cheaper than his original one. Not to be outdone, I visited my favourite insurance price comparison site and proceeded to obtain precisely the same cover for a further 20% less than his cheapest quote. I've said it so many times and I'll say it again...NEVER Never never renew any insurance before checking other insurers online. All insurance companies come up with their lowest prices to first-time customers, so take advantage and switch insurers whenever you can get a better price for equivalent or better cover. Unless you've had a very good experience with your current insurer then don't worry about showing disloyalty to them, I bet that they won't show any loyalty to you if you're unfortunate to have to make a claim!. The following link has information on Compare Travel Insurance Prices.
The BGL Group today announced that Peter Winslow is to become Executive Chairman of the BGL Group, and Matthew Donaldson will take the role of Chief Executive Officer. The changes will be effective as of July 1.
Peter Winslow has been Chief Executive of the Group since 1995, and has led the Group through an ongoing period of significant growth. He oversaw the company's transition from underwriting to become an intermediary back in 1997, and led BGL's expansion into new areas from claims management and insurance partnerships, to aggregation and international markets.
Matthew Donaldson joined the Group in 1999 following the acquisition of a high street broker chain. He led the development and execution of the Group's e-commerce entry strategy, resulting in the exponential growth of the existing intermediary businesses and the creation of comparethemarket.com. He became Group Director in 2005 and Group Chief Operating Officer in 2010.
Peter Winslow said: "I have been in this post for just over 18 years, and have presided over and enjoyed being part of massive change in our Group from its days as a direct motor insurer to the business you see today. It has been challenging and it's also been a lot of fun, and I look back and think how fortunate I was to join the Group.
"The time is now right for me to take a more strategic role and become less involved in the day-to-day running of the Group. Matthew has demonstrated exceptional leadership ability as COO. I have total confidence in his drive, commercialism, intellect and passion for the business. He will make a first class CEO."
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What's up it's me, I am also visiting this web site daily, this web site is truly good and the people are in fact sharing nice thoughts.


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Alabama Attorney General Luther Strange said that he'll continue to fight the Affordable Care Act that he believes tramples on the right to exclude certain types of coverage — such as contraception coverage — from medical policies offered to employees of religious groups.
Alabama Attorney General Luther Strange said that he'll continue to fight the Affordable Care Act that he believes tramples on the right to exclude certain types of coverage — such as contraception coverage — from medical policies offered to employees of religious groups. Strange and 25 other attorneys general challenged the legality of so-called Obamacare.
Rosemary Elebash, the director of the Alabama chapter of the National Federation of Independent Business, said no one knows whether employers will drop health insurance coverage for their employees and shift them over to federal insurance, paying the penalty for not providing insurance because it's cheaper. The federal law that was upheld last week requires businesses with more than 50 employees to provide insurance or face fines.
Holder held in contempt
U.S. Rep. Robert Aderholt, R-Haleyville, said Attorney General Eric Holder could have avoided a criminal contempt vote by the House by releasing information sought by Congress in the "Fast and Furious" gun-running operation to Mexico. The House voted 255-67 to hold Holder in contempt of Congress for refusing to comply with a subpoena from the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform for documents related to Operation Fast and Furious. All six Alabama House members voted for contempt. Democratic U.S. Rep. Terri Sewell, D-Birmingham, did not vote.
"Attorney General Holder and the Department of Justice were given multiple opportunities to comply with the law and provide the subpoenaed information to Congress, opportunities they opted not to take," Aderholt said.
Fast and Furious was created under Holder, and the Department of Justice lost track of about 2,000 weapons, Aderholt said. He said Holder's refusal to answer direct questions was an attempt to cover-up wrongdoing. Republicans and Democrats said they wanted to know how border patrol agent Brian Terry was killed in a December 2010 gun battle with Mexican bandits and why two Fast and Furious guns were found at the site.
Quote of the Week
"I think the reporting requirements are ridiculous, being a candidate myself," Selma attorney Collins Pettaway said of new state finance campaign reporting requirements that his client, Hale County probate judge candidate Arthur Crawford Sr., was accused of violating. Pettaway is a circuit judge candidate. A Democratic Party sub-committee reversed a Hale County party committee ruling and awarded Crawford the probate judge nomination.
Opinions vary on ruling
Opposing Obamacare quotes of the week following Thursday's Supreme Court ruling:
"The U.S. Supreme Court's decision is a huge victory that gives the hundreds of thousands of Alabamians who are without health insurance a chance for access to better health care and a better quality of life," said Kimble Forrister, Arise Citizens' Policy Project Executive Director.
"It's time for Congress to repeal this job-killing law and replace it with a conservative approach to health care," said House Speaker Mike Hubbard, R-Auburn.
Sales tax holiday in state
The emergency supplies sales tax holiday in Alabama is this Saturday and Sunday. The holiday on the state's 4 percent sales tax will be on various emergency storm supplies such as batteries, weather radios, first-aid kits, tools and other supplies for an emergency.
The state's 4 percent sales tax — and in many cases local taxes — will be waived on covered items, which include many common emergency supplies that cost $60 or less and portable generators worth $1,000 or less.
More than 200 city and county governments have also agreed to waive their sales taxes on the covered items, bringing the total tax savings to as much as 10 percent, the Alabama Retail Association said.
Covered items are at: www.revenue.alabama.gov/
Fact of the Week
White House deputy chief of staff Nancy-Ann DeParle said "millions of Americans" will start receiving rebates from their insurance companies this summer and 5.3 million seniors will save $600 a year on their prescription drugs all under the Affordable Care Act the Supreme Court partly upheld last week.
Alabama Exposure is compiled by Dana Beyerle in the Montgomery bureau of the Tuscaloosa News. Readers can email him at email@example.com or call at 334-264-6605.


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A great cycle ride through pretty villages and lush Spring countryside in Hertfordshire. Offering a choice of 25 or 60 mile routes (see separate page for the 100 mile route) through a landscape of beautiful half-timbered cottages and colourful marketplaces, it's a great way to welcome in the Spring!
Willow is the only national charity working with seriously ill young adults aged 16 to 40 to fulfil uplifting and unforgettable Special Days. These Special Days enable them and their families to reconnect and refocus on each other while enjoying an activity of their choosing. A day for them, a day about them and a day that will create memories they will all treasure forever.
Since 1999 Willow has fulfilled more than 13,000 Special Days for young adults living with life-threatening conditions such as cancer, motor neurone disease, cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy and Huntington's disease.
Registered charity no. 1106746
THIS IS A SPONSORED CHARITY RIDE. Your entry fee only covers the costs of running the ride so please ask family and friends to sponsor you generously to make a real difference. THANK YOU
back to top
© Bike Events Ltd. 2014 / Reg No: 3017518 / Royal Oak House, Royal Oak Avenue, Bristol, BS1 4GB


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The Cash Behind the Super PACsBy
After the Supreme Court's 2010 Citizens United ruling, which cleared the way for corporations and unions to spend unlimited amounts to support candidates, corporate cash was expected to flood into super PACs. That hasn't happened. A Bloomberg Government analysis of contributions from Dec. 1, 2011, through May 31, 2012, shows super PACs are largely bankrolled by wealthy individuals, not businesses.
Before it's here, it's on the Bloomberg Terminal. LEARN MORE


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Okay everybody!
We've got three great shows under our belt and we are ready for one last wonderful performance!
Call time on Sunday is 11am
*Don't forget, Strike is after the last show. Nobody leaves. We need ALL HANDS to help with the breakdown. Everybody, no exceptions! Many hands make light work.
Get pleanty of rest tonight so we have all the energy we need to knock em dead tomorrow!
We are so proud of you all!
The D's-


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Goodbye snow, hello suncream... sunny boost for Easter break
FORECASTERS have shrugged off a week of wintry weather and claimed there is a chance Scots might have to splash on the suncream this Easter Sunday.
Temperatures today will vary from around 11C on the west coast to 12 to 13C in Glasgow
The welcome warning for stay-at-home families comes as the country emerges from another cold winter, which witnessed more snow at the beginning of the month.
Now, weathermen are strongly advising people to look out sun block over the Easter weekend.
Stuart Brooks of the Met Office said: "There is some pleasant weather in store for the country, particularly, on Sunday.
"If you are spending the whole day out of doors you will need to take steps to ensure you don't get burned. UV levels are not quite up to summer levels but it's easy to be caught unawares, particularly fair-skinned people."
An area of high pressure building from the Atlantic will protect Scotland from any approaching wind and rain.
Temperatures today will vary from around 11C on the west coast to 12 to 13C in Glasgow and possibly 14C in Perth, Dundee and Edinburgh.
However, the Mercury should hit 15 Celsius (59F) generally across Scotland tomorrow.
Met Office forecaster Stuart Brooks added: "Sunday is definitely the pick of the weekend."
There is some pleasant weather in store for the country, particularly, on Sunday.
There was also an Easter travel bonus for motorists as the £350,000 roadworks at the Kincardine Bridge were completed yesterday.
The project was finished a week ahead of schedule.
Rail travellers faced disruption for several hours yesterday morning after a person was hit by a train on the line between Motherwell and Shieldmuir.
Services between Glasgow Central station and Lanark were delayed as a result of the tragedy.
Five adults and two children were taken to hospital yesterday morning after a two-car crash in Bannockburn closed Falkirk Road in the village for a time.


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In all one testimonial wordpress
Easy to install great jquery effects all easing effects enable/disable navigation & pagination define display order [asc/desc] shortcode available author's thumbnail with custom options this plugin can wordpress be use as a widget author's as well as can display on page/post. This plugin have automatic rotation of testimonial as well as navigation & management pagination button. Testimonials jquery slider are the most important things on any site & that's why it should be well managed & designed. For the live demo click here for the wordpress admin option click testimonials here for the documentation click here category note. Once you install the plugin rename the plugin folder from rotating 'codecanyon 1963716 all in one thumbnail testimonial/' to 'testimonial'


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Share on ThriftyFunCheck out these recipes. If you have made this recipe please submit a photo and let us know how it worked. Or, add your own recipe variation.
Everyone in our house has a different pizza favorite! Bagel pizzas are a great way to accommodate each person.
Total Time: 45 min.
When I have left over spaghetti sauce, instead of letting it go to waste I make pizza bagels.
Prep Time: 5
Cook Time: 5
Total Time: 10
This is a short video on how to make pesto bagel pizzas. Bagel pizzas are a great dinner for the whole family where each person can customize their toppings. View the full recipe here: Pesto Pizza Bagels


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(Updates with quotes, market comment)
By Matt Painvin
LONDON, April 11 (IFR) - The Republic of Austria is offering a generous premium to sell its first syndicated bond of the year, which is coming against a volatile backdrop for eurozone sovereigns ahead of the French elections.
The lead managers started marketing the 10-year benchmark on Tuesday morning at initial price thoughts of 17bp area through mid-swaps.
"The guidance is pretty generous," said a banker away from the deal.
There was a 4bp new issue premium at that starting level, according to several market participants.
"They need to offer a large discount," said a trader away from the deal. "We are at the top of the market, spreads are volatile and Austria has held in relatively well compared to the soft core (countries)."
European credit spreads have been under pressure since the beginning of the week, driven by French politics. Austria's 0.75% October 2026 has widened 4.5bp against Germany over the last couple of days while French bonds have underperformed by 9bp.
Indications of interest at the first update had reached over €4.25bn, including €550m of demand from the joint lead managers. At the same time, books officially opened unchanged from IPTs at swaps less 17bp area.
"IoIs are impressive," said the first banker. "The timing is interesting as it is the first week of reduced QE and they probably wanted to send a strong message."
The bond, due 20 April 2027, is expected to price later today.
Bank of America Merrill Lynch (B&D), Goldman Sachs, HSBC, Nomura and UniCredit are lead managers and the remaining primary dealer group will be invited to participate as co-leads.
Austria is rated Aa1/AA+/AA+/AAA (all stable). (Reporting by Matt Painvin; editing by Helene Durand, Julian Baker)