text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 4, 2011
|Filing date
|Jul 20, 2005
|Priority date
|Mar 5, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Stephen C. Pollmann, Eli Arviv, Jacques Behar, Timothy L. Gallagher, David Gazelle, Frederick W. Price
|Original Assignee
|Pollmann Stephen C, Eli Arviv, Jacques Behar, Gallagher Timothy L, David Gazelle, Price Frederick W
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (34), Non-Patent Citations (13), Referenced by (4), Classifications (30), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a home base modem system in a wireless communication system that provides telephone, data and Internet connectivity to a plurality of users.
2. Description of Related Art
Several systems are currently in place for connecting computer users to one another and to the Internet. For example, many companies such as Cisco Systems, provide data routers that route data from personal computers and computer networks to the Internet along conventional twisted pair wires and fiber optic lines. These same systems are also used to connect separate offices together in a wide area data network.
However, these systems suffer significant disadvantages because of the time and expense required to lay high capacity communications cables between each office. This process is time consuming and expensive. What is needed in the art is a high capacity system that provides data links between offices, but does not require expensive communication cables to be installed.
Many types of current wireless communication systems facilitate two-way communication between a plurality of subscriber radio stations or subscriber units (either fixed or portable) and a fixed network infrastructure. Exemplary systems include mobile cellular telephone systems, personal communication systems (PCS), and cordless telephones. The objective of these wireless communication systems is to provide communication channels on demand between the subscriber units and the home base in order to connect the subscriber unit with the fixed network infrastructure (usually a wired-line system). Several types of multiple access systems currently exist for wirelessly transferring data between multiple sites. For example, wireless communication systems have typically used a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) or Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) type system to facilitate the exchange of information between two users. These access schemes are well known in the art.
Often in these wireless communication systems a modem is used for modulating and demodulating the information that is exchanged between users. Inside the modem circuit an equalizer is employed to correct distortions either in the wireless channel or fix imperfections in the analog circuitry. A novel equalizer with enhancements to improve performance especially using higher order QAM modulation is described herein.
In one embodiment, the method comprises demodulating a data stream transmitted between remote sites and a home base using stored parameters for each remote site comprising receiving data from a current remote site at a home base, retrieving a parameter associated with a next remote site from a memory, storing the retrieved parameter for the next remote site in a first buffer, storing a second parameter associated with the current remote site into the memory, determining the initial phase and gain values for the next remote site based on the retrieved parameter, receiving data from the next remote site at the home base, and demodulating the data received from the next remote site using the determined initial phase and gain values.
In one embodiment, the method comprises compensating for gain droop in a modem which stores equalizer coefficients across data bursts between a remote site and a home base comprising receiving channel data values from an equalizer, calculating the gain for the equalizer based on the received channel data values, and scaling the input to the equalizer to achieve a value of 1 based on the calculated gain.
In one embodiment, the method comprises minimizing errors caused by adapting equalizer coefficients for each data burst from a remote site to a home base comprising retrieving a first equalizer coefficient for a current remote site, demodulating a data burst from the current remote site, determining the S/N ratio for the received burst, determining the error rate from the demodulated burst, comparing the determined S/N ratio and error rate to defined thresholds, and updating the first equalizer coefficient based on the comparisons.
In one embodiment, the method comprises improving the convergence of an equalizer in a multi-modulation modem using a two part preamble comprising defining a first part of a preamble with a lower order section, wherein the lower order section is transmitted using QPSK modulation, defining a second part of the preamble with a higher order section, wherein the higher order section is transmitted using QAM 64 modulation, transmitting both the first and second parts of the preamble, receiving the transmitted preamble, and converging the equalizer based on the received preamble.
In one embodiment, the method comprises providing a soft reset to a modem comprising generating an interrupt to the modem, halting the modem interface, setting a reset bit, flushing a buffer, realigning the buffer, reprogramming the buffer, and restarting the interface.
In one embodiment, the method comprises determining an adaptation factor for an equalizer based on the expected modulation type of an incoming burst transmission comprising calculating channel characteristics and metrics for a first burst transmission from a remote site, comparing the channel characteristics and metrics, determining an expected modulation type for a second burst transmission from the remote site based on the comparison, selecting an adaptation factor based on the expected modulation type, and applying the selected adaptation factor to the second burst transmission.
In one embodiment, the method comprises correcting the phase shift caused by the storage of tap values after each incoming burst transmission comprising determining an angle of correction based on correlating the input and output of the equalizer and applying the determined angle of correction to the incoming signal.
Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicate like elements.
Throughout this description, the embodiment and examples shown should be considered as exemplars, rather than as limitations on the present invention.
As shown in
One embodiment of the receiver module 102 is illustrated in FIG. 2. The receiver module 102 includes a conditioning circuit module 908, a digital equalization module 930, a digital phase-locked loop module 950, a decode/decryption module 959, a parameter storage memory module 933, an initial gain adjust module 920, an adaptive modulation module 980, a signal to noise ratio ("SNR") calculator 935, and an acquisition, tracking, and modulation control module 918.
One embodiment of the conditioning circuit module 908 includes an analog to digital converter 910, a digital quadrature mixer 912, a matched filter 914, a correlation timing recovery module 916, an automatic frequency control module 971, an automatic gain control module 970, a dual digital to analog converter 924, and a voltage controlled oscillator 922. The down-converted signal from the Intermediate Frequency (IF) is sampled by the digital to analog converter 910 to produce a digital output that is provided to the digital quadrature mixer 912. In one embodiment, the digital quadrature mixer 912 splits the received signal into it's quadrature components and translates the signal, for example, from a 20 MHz IF, to baseband.
The matched filter module 914 maximizes the signal to noise ratio by "matching" the frequency response of the receiver module 102 to the signal generated at the transmitter module 104. In one embodiment, the matched filter module 914 also rejects adjacent and unwanted signals that could be generated by other transmitters in the system, or interfering spurs generated by imperfections in the analog circuitry.
Still referring to
The acquisition, tracking and modulation control module 918 provides control information, such as the modulation type or format of data, for the received burst to the correlation timing recovery module 916. The acquisition, tracking and modulation control module 918 performs acquisition tracking and modulation control. Multiple data signals are fed to the acquisition, tracking and modulation control module 918 to control the high level operations of the receiver module 102.
In one embodiment, the correlation timing recovery module 916 aligns the symbol timing to the samples fed to the digital equalization 930, and calculates the initial gain and phase offset so that the digital equalization 930 can quickly perform channel inversion and correct any residual distortion due to inaccuracies in the phase and timing estimations. In one embodiment, the correlation timing recovery module 916 calculates the sample timing error by performing correlation between the received preamble with a copy of the expected preamble. The output of the correlation timing recovery module 916 is fed to an interpolation circuit, which further refines the received sample timing offset. After the interpolation filter of the correlated preamble sequence, an accurate calculation, for example, to 1/16 symbol time is fed to a polyphase filter which manipulates the received samples to correct for the timing. Even though the samples may be aligned to the correct timing, the constellation may be rotated relative to a phase of zero degrees. The correlation timing recovery module 916 will calculate this angle and feed it to the numerically controlled oscillator 952 so that the timing and phase are corrected enough for the digital equalization 930 to quickly fix any further distortions.
In one embodiment, the correlation timing recovery module 916 calculates the received gain offset. The gain is adjusted once based on the detected energy in the preamble correlator. Gain is adjusted digitally by feeding a value to the initial gain adjust 920. The initial gain adjust 920 maps the received quadrature symbols to the proper level before they are equalized by the equalizer. The initial gain is calculated by the correlation timing recovery module 916. The correlation timing recovery module 916 performs frequency acquisition and automatic frequency correction (AFC) in combination with AFC 971.
The modem 100 may be equipped with a process for providing soft resets. A reset signal, while the modem 100 is in transmit mode, may occur in several instances. For example, during uplink transmission, a software module may be too slow in sending data to the modem 100, as may occur if the data is modulated using quadrature amplitude modulation 64. In such a case, the limited data received by the modem 100 may cause an interrupt to be generated. The modem 100 then halts the transmit interface and sets a transmit-reset bit. The modem 100 then flushes, realigns, and reprograms the necessary buffers. Once this process is completed, the modem 100 restarts the transmit interface, completing the reset operation.
Similarly, a reset signal may occur while the modem 100 is in a receive mode. For example, the modem 100 may receive only bad cyclic redundancy check packets. In such a case, the modem 100 halts the receive interface and sets a receive-reset bit. The modem 100 then flushes and realigns the receive buffers and reprograms the necessary buffers. The modem 100 then restarts the receive interface, thus completing the reset operation.
One embodiment of the digital equalization module 930, illustrated in
The gain droop compensation loop 941 is located between the output of the correlation timing recovery module 916 and the input of the digital equalization module 930. The gain droop compensation loop 941 accounts for any gain variations due to radio droop in an outdoor unit (not shown) forcing a gain factor which is a ratio to the calculated gain observed in the digital equalization module 930. In one embodiment, this gain ratio is kept to unity.
A detailed description of the gain droop compensation loop 941 is shown in FIG. 4. The outputs of the digital equalization module 930, for example, taps 4 and 5, are multiplied by 0.625 and 1, respectively. In one embodiment, the values of taps 4 and 5 are received after every symbol. This value is then summed with the resulting value being subtracted from nominal '1'. In one embodiment, this final value is 253. An adaptation factor (μ in FIG. 4), is then applied to this final value which is used to increment or decrement a gain constant similar to the adaptive filter 932 described in the digital equalization module 930. The gain constant multiplies the input signal value to provide a gain to the digital equalization module 930 to be '1'. A gain of '1' enhances the stability of the digital equalization module 930. In one embodiment, the gain constant is reset every burst wherein at the end of each burst, the digital equalization module 930 has a gain of '1.' In one embodiment where the digital equalization module 930 has a gain of '1', the gain estimation module 921 of the Correlation Timing Recovery module 916 assumes that the digital equalization module 930 starts with an initial gain of '1.'
The digital equalization module 930 corrects any signal impairments due to multipath reception or distortion caused by imperfections in the analog receiver circuits. In the modem, the transmitter module 104 sends a known training sequence before the burst so that the digital equalization module 930 can learn what the distortion is and undo it before the data arrives. The length of time the digital equalization module 930 is allowed to observe the impairments must be balanced against the amount of bandwidth that is wasted sending the training sequences over the channel. The digital equalization module 930 decimates the received data from the correlation timing recovery module 916 into a one-sample-per-symbol complex signal.
Within the equalizer, the acquisition, tracking and modulation control module 918 ascertains the next remote site's address and its expected modulation type based on comparisons of channel characteristics and metrics. In one embodiment, a reed solomon decoder module 962, illustrated as a component of the decode/decryption module 959, and the SNR calculator 935 calculate these channel characteristics and metrics. Once calculated, the adaptive modulation algorithm 980 compares the calculated channel characteristics and metrics and provides the information to the higher layers of the communication system. The higher layers then define what the expected modulation format is for the received burst from the next remote site. The higher layers convey these results to the acquisition, tracking and modulation control module 918. Depending on what modulation is expected, the digital equalizer uses different adaptation factors (μ's) for each received burst. Selecting an adaptation factor that is optimized for the received modulation type improves the performance of the modem by increasing the probability that the parameters stored in the parameter memory storage module 933 at the end of the processed burst will be valid.
Returning to
W(k) is the value of the new coefficient. W(k−1) is the value of the coefficient at the last instant in time. M is the step-size variable, and ∇J is the complex gradient of the system. The gradient for each dimension (tap) C for time k is given by:
The equation for the error of the equalizer at time k is given by:
The preambles not only are used for timing recovery but are also used to converge the digital equalization module 930. The preambles are chosen so that home bases in adjacent sectors do not interfere with one another and that close remote sites will not interfere with one another. There is a different Preamble for uplink, and a different preamble for downlink. There are four types of uplink preambles (1) Unscheduled registration bursts, (2) scheduled 16-QAM bursts, (3) scheduled QPSK bursts, and (4) scheduled 64-QAM bursts. The hardware is designed to detect which preamble is being transmitted and decode the burst using the correct preamble. The preamble for the higher orders are subdivided into a QPSK section, and a higher order section allowing faster convergence in the digital equalization module 930 which is critical in burst modem design and at the same time can be used for symbol timing recovery.
Preferably, the digital equalization module 930 coefficients are initialized to take advantage of the knowledge gained during the previous bursts. Initialization relieves some of the concerns related to the digital equalization module 930 convergence time. One approach is to initialize the taps with the values from the end of the previous burst. However, this results in the digital equalization module 930 possibly having adapted to correct a phase shift (e.g., one introduced by phase noise or frequency offset) during the previous burst. At the beginning of the new burst, the correlation timing recovery module 916 re-calculates the initial phase and sets the symbol rotator to properly rotate the signal. This calculation assumes that the digital equalization module 930 does not introduce any overall phase rotation.
A method for estimating the phase shift caused by the digital equalization module 930 and the mathematical basis will now be described.
If the channel is assumed to have no intersymbol interference, and the cascade of the transmit and matched filters is assumed to create an ideal Nyquist filter, then the even values of y are simply phase-shifted versions of the transmitted symbols, x. This is true because the even values of h are zero (except for h0). If the digital equalization module 930 is also assumed to do a decimation (as our implementation does), then the digital equalization module 930 outputs a value when the even values of y line up with the main tap. To determine the phase shift induced by the digital equalization module 930, the correlation between the input and output of the digital equalization module 930 at zero lag is desired. This is illustrated by the calculations described below.
The output of the expectation operator for each tap is calculated individually (denoted it as rm):
Summing all the contributors to the correlation, only those from the main tap and the two adjacent to the main tap are non-zero:
Calculating for the angle of the correlation value:
A Mathcad simulation has been used to check the results shown above. With no timing error, the module shown above has been verified to be accurate. Although timing error was not included in the analysis above, the Mathcad simulation has shown that with reasonable timing error (e.g., T/8), the errors in the method shown above are very small (<0.3�).
One embodiment of the adaptation module 938 in the digital equalization module 930 (illustrated in
By calculating the correlation as described above with reference to
If the channel has non-zero intersymbol interference, the above descriptions can be characterized as approximately true. Intersymbol interference will change the weighting factor for the two taps adjacent to the main tap, and the contribution of the other taps to the digital equalization module 930 phase shift becomes non-zero. Simulation results have shown that the adaptive module 938 described above is effective with all intermediate frequency filter models. Thus, since the magnitude of the intersymbol interference is typically small, it can be neglected.
As illustrated in
The digital phase-locked loop 950 uses the input and output of the decision device 958 to continuously correct any phase error using hardware complex multipliers (or rotators) 953. The output of the decision device 958 is also fed back into the decision feedback module 936 of the digital equalization module 930, where it is used to adapt the equalizer coefficients.
The process begins at a start state 2540. Next at a state 2542 the home base receiver retrieves a remote site number from the acquisition, tracking and modulation control 918. Next, at a state 2544, the parameter storage module 933 retrieves parameters for this (next) remote site, for example, the equalizer taps from the previous burst. Next, at a state 2546, the parameter storage module 933 retrieves parameters for this (next) remote site, for example, the attenuation levels. In one embodiment, these parameters are stored in a first temporary buffer. Flow proceeds to a state 2550 where the parameter storage module 933 waits until the current burst is completed. Flow continues to a decision state 2552 where the process determines whether the current burst is completed. If the home base receiver is currently processing an uplink burst, the parameter storage module 933 waits until the current burst is finished. In one embodiment, the acquisition, tracking and modulation control module 918 informs the parameter storage module 933 that the current burst is finished. If the current burst is not completed, the process loops back to state 2550. Otherwise, if the current burst is completed, flow proceeds to a state 2554 where the retrieved parameters for the current remote site are stored into a second temporary buffer.
In one embodiment, the decision whether to store the parameters depends on the state of the processed error metrics calculated by the error recovery module 968. For example, if the error thresholds are not exceeded, the parameter storage module 933 stores the retrieved parameters. Next at a state 2556, the attenuation and EQ taps for the current remote site retrieved from the feed forward tap update 934 and DFE adaptive algorithm 938 are stored into a second temporary buffer. Flow proceeds to a state 2558 where the parameters from the first temporary buffer for the next remote site burst are transferred to the feed forward tap update 934 and DFE adaptive algorithm 938 modules.
Continuing to a state 2560, the modem 100 waits for the next remote site burst to arrive. Also at state 2560, the parameter storage module 933 writes the parameters from the second temporary buffer to the parameter storage memory 933. Next at a decision state 2562, the correlation timing recovery module 916 sends a message to the modem processing blocks when the next remote site burst is present. If a burst is not present, flow loops back to state 2560 as discussed above. Otherwise, if the next remote site burst is present, the process continues to a state 2564 where the correlation timing recovery module 916 calculates the initial phase and gain of the burst. Next at a state 2566, the correlation timing recovery module 916 applies the gain and phase to the initial gain adjust module 920 and 952 respectfully. Next at a state 2568 the parameter storage memory 933 calculates the Equalizer phase offset from the retrieved EQ taps and then applies this offset to the numerically controlled oscillator 952. Next at a state 2570, the burst is ready to be processed by the receive chain of the home base receiver module 102. Flow then proceeds to an end state 2572. In one embodiment, this process is performed for each received uplink burst.
To increase the likelihood that the stored channel parameters, or taps, will be valid for an incoming burst, factors, such as, symbol timing, interpolator timing, end of a burst gain value, and any phase offset generated by the digital equalization module 930, may be optimized. In one embodiment, locking the symbol timing within ⅛ symbol, locking the timing interpolator, providing a nominal gain of '1' for the taps at the end of a burst, and compensating for any phase offset generated by the digital equalization module 930 at the beginning of the following burst are done to increase the likelihood that an incoming burst will be recognized and found valid.
The reed Solomon decoder module 962 calculates the number of errors in a stream of 300-bits to measure the decode error rate. At the end of a burst from a remote site, both of these calculated error values are then compared to threshold values by the error recovery module 968. If either of the calculated values exceed the threshold values, the error recovery module 968 does not update the stored channel parameters, or taps, in the parameter storage memory 933 for that remote site. In one embodiment, the stored channel parameters in the parameter storage memory 933 are reset when the threshold is exceeded. In another embodiment, the stored channel parameters are replaced with zeros if the calculated values exceed the threshold values. If the threshold values are not exceeded, the new calculated channel parameters are stored in the parameter storage memory 933. These new channel parameters are available to the digital equalization module 930 to set the correct channel characteristics for the next incoming burst from the remote site. Thus, the Digital Equalization Parameter Storage and Recovery system provides a recovery system should a catastrophic channel disruption occur.
Returning to decision state 2914, if the calculated noise does not exceed the noise threshold, flow moves to a decision state 2920 to determine if the calculated error in the decode signal exceeds the decode error threshold. If the decode error exceeds the threshold, the process continues to state 2916 as described above. Otherwise, if the calculated error in the decode signal does not exceed the decode threshold, the process moves to a state 2922 where the channel characteristics for the remote site burst are stored in the parameter storage memory 933. Flow then proceeds to the end state 2918.
In downlink communication, the equalization and channel estimation is simpler than in uplink communication. In the downlink direction, immediately after the training sequence is sent, data follows in a QPSK-modulation format. In the uplink direction, on the other hand, a higher-order modulation immediately follows the training sequence, worst case being QAM-64 modulation. In the downlink direction, the probability of making a bit error due to the equalizer not fully undoing the signal impairments is low since the Euclidean distance of received symbols for a QPSK constellation is much greater than the Euclidean distance of symbols for a QAM-64 constellation.
Preambles are not only chosen to converge the digital equalization module 930, but also used for timing recovery. Preambles are chosen such that uplink communication and downlink communication do not interfere with each other. The preamble structure is split into two sections. For the downlink preamble and the uplink-unscheduled preambles, a QPSK portion is repeated twice so that when the received signal is correlated with the local copy, a low probability of preamble false detection will occur when trying to acquire the downlink or when demodulating an unscheduled uplink burst. The receiver module 102 correlator followed by an interpolator filter bank is used to recover the timing by comparing the energy.
In one embodiment, the above noted techniques are used in combination by the modem 100 to perform higher order modulation techniques, for example, QAM 64. These techniques include performing the initial phase calculation on the incoming burst, performing droop compensation, performing a phase calculation on the stored taps, and storing channel characteristics, or taps, after each burst. These techniques are further combined with a method of performing symbol clock synchronization as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/790,443, filed Mar. 21, 2001 and entitled "SYNCHRONIZING CLOCKS ACROSS A COMMUNICATION LINK" which is hereby incorporated by reference. The combination of these techniques enhances the operation of the modem 100 when performing QAM 64 modulation.
Aspects of the present invention have been disclosed in one or more exemplary embodiments. These embodiments are not to be construed as limiting, but rather as showing a way to practice the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims which follow.
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Arrow Sezonul 2 Episodul 4 - Crucible
Oliver discovers a man who goes by the name "The Mayor" is bringing illegal guns in to The Glades, so Oliver sponsors a "Cash for Guns" event to help clean up the city. Unfortunately, The Mayor crashes the event with his gang and seriously injures Sin. The Canary is furious when she learns her friend is in the hospital and sets out for revenge. Meanwhile, Felicity stuns Oliver with a bit of information about the Canary, Donner asks Laurel to dinner, and Diggle reconnects with an old friend.
Arrow Sezonul 2 Episodul 4,
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Students enrich our work with their diverse experience.
Graduate and Undergraduate Fellowships
We seek students who have a passion for social change and rigorous analytic skills. We offer paid, hands-on opportunities to currently enrolled NYU students, with priority given to Stern. Fellows have provided invaluable support for the Center by helping to conduct research and manage projects in all of our issue areas. During the course of their work with the Center, they have visited garment factories, interviewed experts and companies on human rights, and published their findings in blogs, magazines and newspapers.
Current Openings
BUSINESS sustainability and HUMAN RIGHTS summer fellowship
The Center partners with the United States Council for International Business and the NYU Stern Center for Sustainable Business to offer first-year MBA students a paid opportunity to work at a multinational company on a business and human rights challenge during their summer. Students will participate in a business and human rights training program and become deeply immersed in sustainability, corporate social responsibility, and human rights issues faced by their company through their summer internship.
To apply, please refer to job ID "58906" in Simplicity. Applications are due on Monday, February 20, 2017
New Balance
Boston, MA
The Fellow will work with the Senior Manager of Strategic Planning, Compliance and the New Balance Global Compliance team to support on projects related to supply chain risk assessment and mapping, as well as stakeholder engagement. The fellow will also assist with research, policy development and strategic planning on relevant human rights issues facing the footwear and apparel industry, such as modern slavery.
SAP Ariba
New York, NY
SAP Ariba is a technology company with a mission to make procurement more responsible through transparent and sustainable supply chains. The Fellow will work closely with the Product Manager of Sustainability Project as well as the Vice President for Product and Innovation. A main priority for the summer will be research on sustainability trends (human rights, environment, etc.) and best practices. This will feed into the development of new products leading to more sustainable supply chains and the creation of a business plan around supplier risk. Other tasks may include coordinating and implementing feedback from current and potential clients and attending related events. The Fellow will work in a small team that feels like a start-up within a large corporation be exposed to cutting-edge technologies. International travel to Europe is a possibility.
West Elm
Brooklyn, NY
The Fellow will work closely with the Vice President, Social Innovation and Consciousness on projects related to supply chain innovation, sustainability, and worker education and empowerment. The post will involve research, quantitative and qualitative analysis, and strategy development. Headquartered in Brooklyn, NY since 2002, everything West Elm does is designed to make an impact in everyday life, from creating unique, affordable designs for modern living to its commitment to Fair Trade Certified products. In addition to home furnishings retail, West Elm operates West Elm Workspace in the commercial furnishings industry and recently announced its expansion into the travel and hospitality industry with the launch of West Elm Hotels. West Elm is a member of the Williams-Sonoma, Inc. portfolio of brands.


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Beth Caird (with
Monica's Gallery
An Awful Leisure
The last night that she lived, it was a common night, except the dying;
this to us made nature different.
Above your bed a poster that reads, broken fountain, sunken ships.
We share, the way Monica's Gallery and I's souls sit sweetly, is an acute distrust of the way things appear. Demonstrative demon child of mine, here is how we are related in post-human desire: the performed hissy fit, aestheticisation of grief and self-censorship manifesting in passive-aggression. We prefer to complicate, challenge, to know and not do, or to do and not know.
Here's the thing Dave,
it's fine
but also
do you ever
feel like a sludge
undifferentiated and disordered how being is proportionate to how organised or more specifically proportionate to how we order 'stuff' around our 'selfs'
like the 'self' is the relief of the order
on more days
than i would like to admit you and i do not
exist at all
barely here
nor there
think about how memory constitutes the resource that we draw on constantly to inform how we think about ourselves
to each other
our selfs as that capacity to remember our pasts
to retain some resemblance of form you have to perform this hissy fit to have the well to draw from
there is the repetition of we
we, we placed the hair,
what bareness is, to be stripped, or its impossibility
maybe you have an awful, leisurely access to this
we placed the hair
how this is both immediate, and ambiguous
grieving is never a singular activity, in fact it would seem to be an eternal reminder that living this life this world
can never be singular
and importantly that this is a practice, not a fact nor ideal
this is an open process, and open headache
a sharing caring fuck up virus
where the therapy is in the cause of the problem —
but also this we, is of course the dead person as well, the pronoun, the she
her, me, us — him
'togethers' at the end of their fingertips,
or the movement of an arm,
this might be a bit of solace
a conceptual Panadol
because another thing, this is a bare process
And we, we placed the hair,
And drew the head erect;
And then an awful leisure was,
Our faith to regulate.
so no matter how far you dig you're always witnessing another kind of surface
We have given up on a bottom, of anything
Kind of like the snake eating itself, and we are kind of transfixed on the power of the mouth, the body just flows.
From images of a hissy melt down, to the bratty-ness of taking 10 weeks of bereavement leave, to that feeling of being aware of your own body dancing in the club (images of the bad girl dancing, you're throwing a tantrum).
Of a body resuscitated by a camera community wired to her pixel flesh.
This seems to be the image of loss, yet also its opposite, whatever that is, whatever form that might take 'empowerment', 'confidence', 'excess' (Monica's excess) or the mirrored feeling you get because we all know we've felt like that girl, home alone, in a stranger's lounge room, or absolutely fucking going ape shit at a family member in the motherfucking kitchen, or at the club, 'dancing'.
The verb to dance is a convenient cover for so many indescribably yet real motives and desires. It is a wilful practice of blindness, making the camera so sore and obvious, as the I Love NY t- shirts flapping in the windy streets of NYC, and the fact so much of video will be filmed for memory, from of course, a kind of memory.


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Medium waist, super-skinny fit jeans and legs.
Mid Spray is a mid-rise super-skinny fit all the way from the top through the legs. It is the skinniest skinny from Cheap Monday. These jeans are made using a soft, extreme-stretch fabric that offers a snug, comfortable fit and a great look.
Mid Spray OD Grey Jeans comes in over-dyed grey fabric for a worn look. Soft, lightweight, very stretchy organic cotton fabric for total comfort. Front pockets sewn shut, waist button and zipped front closure. Details included steel finish on rivets, button and matching thread color.
Model is 179 cm tall and wears size 26-27.
Art. No.306730201705


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Ashton Moore Videos and Photos (83) at FreeOnes
Thanks to Playboy to granting this interview with the one and only Ashton moore. Hezekiah to the Levites, to carry the niddah, possibly idols of his father Ahaz, out of the temple in Jerusalem. I feel no sexual arousal Usha was crying and refusing to either talk or do any thing. Ashton Moore - Nude Celeb Forum. Tunick cites 1994, when he posed and photographed 28 nude people in front of the. Emana mp4 hd desi mms download video indian young Girls Scandal fucking Bollywood Actress.
Hot blondes Nicole Sheridan and Ashton Moore lick each others pussies and insert dildos on the stairs. See sex dolls photo of Ashton Moore Love Doll inflated with air at Blow Me Up Sex Dolls. Ashton moore nikki benz lipstick linger - Sex Videos 88.
Try these tips on how to spice up your sex life and you can bring the sizzle back in no time. The Amazon Softball Club was the first and last lesbian softball club in New Zealand. Sort movies by Most Relevant and catch the best full length Ashton Moore Porn Pic Gallery movies now!
Pornhub is the My question is how did they make it look so big and real like that yo. Our office on Cinema Drive offers Family and Internal Medicine from our experienced staff including Sheela E. Here is a real short video of her from a few years back before she was a Pornstar.


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Larry Fitzgerald Face Cutouts
Larry Fitzgerald BIG heads, mini face keychains, and cutout holiday ornaments are the perfect way to show your support for Larry on gameday, in the office, or at the Sunday football party! Lightweight and easy to carry or hold in a bag at the big game. Go for it and order a bunch for your next Bird Gang Cardinals party. Proceeds benefiting The First Down Fund.
Starting at $5.99


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08 Jan 2004
scholarship app time
its that time of the year when i have to beg for money. it seems like such a futile exercise. you see, i always think the scheme is flawed because the more scholarships you already have, the more chance the scholarship people choose you because they think, "well, someone else chose him/her, then he must be good." also, they ask you to list stuff you've published, but because you don't have money, you spend more time working than writing papers, hence, you don't have publications, so that counts against you. then there's the issue of references, because then your whole application isn't up to you, but whether your reference cooperates and sends the stuff back to them on time.
oh well .. despite all that crap, we still have to beg for money, and i desperately need it .. oh well ..
You can reply to me about this on Twitter:
Tweet to @liquidx


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A modern style and raw charm, this unique development is a timeless development that is set to bring a new standard of luxury living to the already thought after streets of Penshurst NSW.
Located in a suburb only 17 km from Sydney's CBD & 1.4 km from Hurstville CBD, that is immersed in rich history, Penshurst has been shaped by its colourful past, Spotted with landmarks dating back to the 1830's, contemporary cafes and modern boutique stores, the suburb provides a perfect balance between historic charm and Southern Sydney convenience.
You'll be captivated the moment you walk into your new home. Breath taking is the only way to describe it - The interiors will mirror the view, with innovative fixtures and fittings that take the standard of living in Penshurst to a whole new level. Homes will feel less like living quarters, and more like sophisticated stages through which you can live your life.
Boutique development consisting of double brick & brick veneer construction with a selection of 3 x 4 bedroom split-level Residences.
Double glassed doors & windows, 2.4 High doors, granite & timber look tile flooring, built in linen cupboards, Security alarm, Golmar visual intercom, Security complex, Roll up blinds, LED lights, Dakin ducted reverse cycle air conditioning, Guest toilet room, Cloth line, Gas hot water system, Gas outlets, Individual TV antennas, NBN connection, Rain water tanks, Stainless steel hand rails, Balcony with park views, Court yard.
Polyurethane kitchen, Courts kitchen tops, Stainless steel appliances, Westinghouse 900 gas cook top, Westinghouse Electric oven, Delonghi concealed dish washer, Ducted range hoods, Glass splash back
4 bedroom with built-ins and ensuite to main
Farmless shower screens, Marable & ceramic vanity tops, Electric LED mirrors, Bath top / shower sink, Stainless steel state of art shower heads, Ensuite to main, Tiles to ceiling
Internal laundry with an Electrolux dryer & tiles to ceiling
Double garage, Internal access, + lots of storage,
Common area
Security Video system, granite flooring
Levies & Rates
Approx. Strata levies $350 per quarter
Approx. Council rate $ 270 per quarter
Approx. Water rate $175 per quarter
Penshurst living offers the perfect balance of character and convenience, a rare opportunity to purchase a sophisticated low-maintenance living, masterfully designed home with luxurious interiors, natural light & views.
For further inquiries please contact
Australian Property Choice on 1300776778
Abdul 0412800400
Sam 0410454419
|Property ID
|Polyurethane kitchen with Stainless steel appliances
|Internal laundry with an Electrolux dryer & tiles to ceiling
|Granite flooring
|Air Conditioning
|Dakin ducted reverse cycle air conditioning
|Security complex
|Body Corporate Fees
|$350 Quarterly
|Remote Garage
|Secure Parking
|New Construction
|Alarm System
|Air Conditioning
|Ducted Heating
|Ducted Cooling
|Reverse Cycle
|Gas Heating
|Built In Robes
|Outdoor Ent
|Fully Fenced
|Water Rates
|175 Quarterly
|0412 800 400
|1300 776 778
vCard: Download
|0410 454 419
|1300 776 778
vCard: Download
Please complete the form below.
©2017 Australian Property Choice |Privacy Policy|Sitemap| Marketing byReal Estate Australiaand ReNetReal Estate Software
Abdul Moussalli is a credit representative 399511 of BLSSA Pty Ltd ACN 117 651 760 (Australian Credit Licence 391237)


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Lupin the Third: Voyage to Danger Trailer (1993)
23 July 1993 Animated, Action, Comedy 92 mins
Inspector Zenigata has been removed from the Lupin case which leaves him despondent, and he ends up drinking with Lupin & Jigen. Lupin decides that he and his gang should work with Zenigata to solve his new case, investigating a group of arms dealers known as Shot Shell. Lupin gathers his partners together (Jigen, Goemon, & Fujiko), and with Zenegata they steal a Russian submarine. They kidnap a scientist named Karen Korinsky to help them operate the sub, and also to protect her from Shot Shell. Meanwhile the ICPO assigns a man named Keith Hayden to the Lupin case, and unlike Zenigata he wants Lupin and his group dead. Where ever Lupin and friends go, Keith follows, as the officer attempts to pick them off one by one.
Watch the official Lupin the Third: Voyage to Danger 1993 trailer in HD below or find more Lupin the Third: Voyage to Danger videos on Vidimovie.


text:
NUUGET Result 2016 ~ Nitte University Results Rank Card nitte.edu.in
The NITTE University is announced to declare the Undergraduate Entrance Test (NUUGET) 2016 Exam Results on 11th June 11:00 AM. NITTE University UG Entrance Test Result 2016 will be available official webiste www.nitte.edu.in. NUUGET Result 2016 ~ Nitte University Results Rank Card nitte.edu.in
Information About NUUGET Result 2016
NUUGET Results 2016 will be issued by the conducting authorities in the 11th June 2016. All the candidates who will be participating in this exam will be able to view their results on the official website www.nitte.edu.in of the university NUUGET Result 2016. The conducting authority of the exam is the NITTE University. For more details about the NUUGET 2016 Result and Score Card and its release, refer to the content given below.
Official Website: www.nitte.edu.in
Recently the entrance examination for the NUUGET Entrance Exam 2016 was completed on 9th May 2016 for admission into MBBS Courses NUUGET Result 2016. For feasibility of students the nitte exam was held in the month of May, after such long period of exam session contenders can relive as NUUGET 2016 Result have been declared official by the institute after processing the results of the exam givers NUUGET 2016 Rank Card. Appeared candidates can visit official website at nitte.edu.in check the nuuget entrance exam results.
Download NUUGET Rank Card 2016 @ www.nitte.edu.in
NUUGET Entrance Exam Result 2016 declared for Nitte University Undergraduate Entrance Test, check NITTE NUUGET 2016 Result at nitte.edu.in. Nitte University has organized Nitte University Undergraduate Entrance Test on 9th May 2016 at various examination centers in India for which huge number of students have applied online and appeared in NUUGET Entrance Exam 2016 NUUGET Rank Card 2016. Individuals who are seeking admission into nitte NUUGET Result 2016. The institute released from 11th June 2016 can check with the NUUGET 2016 Result that has been uploaded after processing the exam papers www.nitte.edu.in.
www.nitte.edu.in Result 2016
Up on considering cut off marks and weightage Proportion nitte will deliver call letter to those candidates to attend in NUUGET counselling that will be held on 21st June 2016 for first counseling and 28th July 2016 for second counselling NUUGET Result 2016. The nitte university is conducting Nitte University Undergraduate Entrance Test for admitting students into various MBBS, BDS courses all state-level and private medical colleges that it offers at every start of academic year 2016 nitte.edu.in Result 2016. The eligible candidates in NUUGET Entrance Exam 2016 can taken admission for MBBS, BDS course for various seats NUUGET Rank Card 2016.
NITTE University Entrance Test Result 2016
The NUUGET 2016 Result will be disclosed by the NITTE University in the month of June 2016. The NITTE University Undergraduate Entrance Test will be conducted in the month of May 2016 NUUGET Result 2016. The result for the same shall be posted on the university official website nitte.edu.in, for which the link will also be made available here www.nitte.edu.in. This is a university level medical entrance test which is carried out for conducting admissions to the undergraduate medical and dental courses at the university. The result of the exam shall specify the names of the candidates who will clear the written exam phase and will be eligible for the counselling stage NUUGET Rank Card 2016.
Steps To Get NUUGET Result 2016
- Open Mentioned url of official website Of Nitte University nitte.edu.in
- now you are on home page of official site
- Find NUGGET Exam 2016
- Now Click On NUUGET Result 2016
- A form window will be appeared on screen
- In the form field fill required information like hall ticket number, name, mobile number, dob etc.
- After that click on submit button
- Now Your NUUGET Rank Card 2016 will be displayed on screen
- Check Your Result & take a printout for future reference
- Thats All!! Best Of Luck 🙂


text:
Results 1 to 1 of 1
Thread: External Triggers in AS/400
05-10-04, 13:05 #1Registered User
- Join Date
- Apr 2004
- Posts
- 1
Unanswered: External Triggers in AS/400
I am trying to use External Triggers in AS/400. Trigger program is fired when event (Before Update) occurs and I am getting correct information for Before Image. But I am not getting the information of new record. I have done several things and I am out of luck so far. I am writing this with COBOL in V5R1. I trigged the same program for Before Update and After Update and still note getting the new record.
Can anybody Help ?


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Discussion in 'Team Fiat Meets' started by kedarbendre, Oct 30, 2012.
Yes i'm unable to view the photographs as well.
Drive from Belgaum
chorla scenery
Rituraj's Linea at miramar beach
My LINEA
Anand sir's Punto behind mine
Super cool kedar's punto
Jaykrishna & kedar leaving colva
some sand work by me;-)
Yes I can see the photos now & thanks for this set of pics. :up
Thanks kedar bhai.i am waiting for jaykrishna's pics..he had one , very important one.;-)
I am waiting to see all pictures from you guys.
hi folks
well i didnt click much pictures though on this particular trip....but heres the one pic i have...
Thanks JK for the pic..
LOL..Look at the variety of headlamp shades we have..:mischievous:mischievous
that is coz i do lots of night driving and the bulbs i use are osram night brakers.... its time for me to replace the headlamp clusters.....
Ya replace them. It badly needs a change. Then it will look back to original.
Separate names with a comma.


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'The Amazing Spiderman' Official Trailer
The latest installment in the Spiderman franchise now has an official trailer, and it looks dope.
'The Amazing Spiderman' has an all new cast and follows the comic story of 'The Ultimate Spiderman'.
The latest installment in the Spiderman franchise now has an official trailer, and it looks dope.
'The Amazing Spiderman' has an all new cast and follows the comic story of 'The Ultimate Spiderman'.
Denzel Washington plays a fugitive while rookie agent Ryan Reynolds is your typical CIA baby sitter. Stuck with a high profile target Ryan Reynolds better show his ass in this movie.
Because Green Lantern sucked.
Some cartoons were meant for the big screen, but 'Rugrats' was not one of them.
Chuckie, Angelica, Tommy and the rest of the crew are guaranteed to ruin your childhood with this movie.
In this sequel to the 'Clash Of the Titans' all hell breaks loose when Ares gets mad at daddy (Zeus) and releases the titans. So you know what that means right?
They need a half human, half god to do the job. Wait a minute. Wasn't there already a movie like this that came out?
So the Lord Of the Rings franchise decided they didn't make enough money off the last few movies so the writers got together and squeezed out another movie called The Hobbit.
I don't know if I can take another movie about a damn Hobbit. This is gonna suck.
The 'Dark Knight Rises' finally has an official trailer and it features all of the stars of the upcoming movie.
Bane, Gary Oldman, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Anne Hathaway and many more are featured in the official trailer below.
Justin Timberlake stars in the upcoming movie 'In Time'. In this movie when you hit the age of 25 you must work for your time or die. But when a guy with way to much time on his hands gives it to a low life worker all hell breaks loose!
This movie has a great concept to it! Replace money with time and you've got something more desperate to fight for. So everybody starts picking up on him and wonder "Where the hell did you get that time"? Which led to the time police chasing him everywhere.
Love Soulja Boy or hate Soulja Boy, you can not deny the influence that he has had on music.
He has held almost every record that You Tube has to offer, and made his first million before he was 16.
Even if he never makes another hit record again in his life, his story will be one of the most interesting in music history. That's why everyone was jumping at the chance to tell his story.
Search 50 Cent on imdb and you'll see a bunch of movies that went straight to bootleg dvd. Setup might be a different story though. It has Bruce Willis in it, and from the trailer, it actually looks like a decent story. Check it out.
I've watched this video about 100 times and I still laugh when she steals the food. If you are having a bad day, watch this drunk baby and laugh.
Listen all weekend to win a pair of tickets to see "The Green Hornet" with Club 93.7 at Cinema Hollywood in Birch Run. Club will get you in Wednesday night before anyone else. Winning starts Friday morning during The Morning Rollout w/ Clay. Check out the movie trailer below.


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Annabi's lawyer speaks out against guilty verdict
NEW YORK - The defense team in the federal corruption trial of former Yonkers City Councilwoman Sandy Annabi is speaking out against the verdict against his client.
The jury of nine women and three men found Annabi and co-defendant Zehy Jereis guilty on all counts. Annabi was found guilty on 10 counts, and Jereis on six counts ranging from conspiracy and bribery to extortion and tax evasion.
Annabi's lawyer William Aronwald says they will appeal the verdict and say the evidence was insufficient to convict his client.
For extended News 12 coverage of the Sandy Annabi verdict, go to channel 612 on your iO digital cable box and select io Extra.
Annabi and Jereis were both allowed to go free while on bond.
Prosecution in Annabi corruption trial follows money trail


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Centrally located to west coast Tasmania's history and attractions, the West Coaster Motel offers stylish accommodation and a convenient range of onsite facilities. Formerly the Chancellor Inn Queenstown, the motel is just minutes from country villages, railways, mines and the breathtaking scenery of this stunning region.
Accommodation at West Coaster Motel offers a choice of 60 spacious, well-appointed Standard Rooms complete with opening windows, an in-room heater, complimentary in-house movies, dial up internet access and a touch of luxury with plunger coffee and heated towel racks in the bathroom.
West Coaster Motel is also home to a convenient range of onsite facilities including an onsite bar and restaurant, guest lounge, limited room service, undercover and on street parking and laundry and dry cleaning services. The spectacular southwest wilderness, iconic Wilderness Railway, Gordon River, Macquarie Harbour and underground mines are also just minutes away.
Accommodation at West Coaster Motel offers a choice of 60 spacious, well-appointed Standard Rooms.
All Rooms Feature:
Standard Room: Bedding is 1 Queen Bed. Maximum room capacity is 3 Adults & Children.


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Parkour / Free Running is a physical discipline in which the performer solely uses their own bodies' abilities, through quadrupedal movement, running, climbing and jumping, in order to move freely over and around varying terrains. Our very own Sam Parham gives us a trick or two to get us latched on…
Sebastian Foucan originally brought the discipline of Free Running over to the UK from France. His idea was to incorporate elements from break dancing, martial arts and gymnastics into a creative way of moving from A to B. It was Sebastian's appearance in the awesome chase scene in the James Bond film Casino Royale in 2006, that really put Free Running on the map.
Not only is it super popular with guys as well as girls, there are many competitions such as Ninja Warrior UK, which our very own Katie McDonnell was a finalist at! Check out Katie's incredible Free Running journey here.
There are enormous benefits associated with the discipline of Free Running especially for young people. In a London borough, crime rates seen in 8-13 year olds dropped by 69%, whilst an inclusive summer parkour course was running.
There are many ways to get involved with Parkour / FreeRunning. Centres such as the Chain Store in London or the 3RUN Parkour Academy in Basingstoke allow people to learn from coaches and practice in safe environments.
Generally, the sport is about you becoming a better version of you. There may be 10 or 20 people in a class but really you are only focussed on trying to better yourself.3RUN is one of the main providers of the sport in the London area.
Check out Sam's video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cgc_inmxYd8


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Katherine Brittain Bradley is the president of CityBridge Foundation, a nonprofit enterprise located in Washington, D.C. She co-founded CityBridge in 1994 with her husband, entrepreneur and magazine publisher David G. Bradley. The Foundation works to build a citywide system of high-performing public schools in Washington, D.C. CityBridge's signature projects include the Early Years Education Initiative (2006-2011), the Education Innovation Fellowship, and Breakthrough Schools: D.C., a design competition for educators. Katherine serves as a board member for the KIPP Foundation, Princeton University, the Teach for America D.C. Region, and the DC College Access Program. In the winter of 2010-2011, she co-chaired Mayor Vincent C.
Gray's education transition team. Katherine graduated in 1986 from Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, and she and her husband have three sons.
See who is taking part in Planet Word's efforts to showcase language and inspire a love of words.


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We stayed at El Cid through out timeshare and brought friends with is who booked through Expedia. We both booked suite rooms with kitchens but were given hotel rooms as no suites were available. The room next to our had a kitchen and we were told the 4 of us could use that room after the guest checked out later in the day. The guest never checked out so we decided to wait until the next day to find rooms with a kitchen. During the first night we were there our air condioner died. A man came the next day to fix it but it needed a new compressor. After that they moved us to 2 suites on the first floor. The view was not as good but it was convenient to the beach and restaurant. The bath products were lovely.
We ate a few times at the restaurant and found the food there to be excellent. Luis (or Louis) was a wonderful waiter. We can't say enough about him. He was friendly and brought us drinks and food very quickly. The drinks were awesome. Excellent Margaritas!
During our stay our friend walked into a glass sliding door and injured his shoulder. We had to visit the Cozumel clinic and were quite impressed with the service.
This resort is not high class but is clean and friendly. A few negatives are the cruise ship people who monopolize the lounge chairs and beach and were quite loud. Also the resort should provide drinking water as we were only given 1 small (10-12 oz) bottle of water all week. The rest we bought at the grocery store.
All in all it was a great time and we enjoyed our stay.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- El Cid La Ceiba Beach resort is an oceanfront paradise perfectly in tune with Cozumel's easygoing island rhythms. Explore the island's enchanting beaches, lush mangrove forests and brilliantly colored reefs with amazing sea life. Whether you are in search of a romantic getaway or a tropical setting to reconnect with family and friends, our intimate and friendly resort offers the ideal setting for snorkeling, diving or simply lazing by the pool. Your vacation is sure to be relaxing and authentic experience at El Cid La Ceiba. • Babieca Dive Shop on site with PADI certified dive masters. • Spectacular diving, snorkeling and unmatched ocean views. • European and All-Inclusive Plans • Fly High Adventures, eco-park featuring 6 zip line platforms and six rugged trails • Two swimming pools: a free-form pool with kids' area and a tide pool with cascading waterfalls, rock formations, and lush gardens • Ocean View and Ocean Front Accommodations. • All Inclusive and European Meal Plans • International cuisine in our Oceanfront Restaurants • Nearby shopping at Plaza & downtown area. • Three miles from Chakanaab Park • Only Six miles from Cozumel International Airport ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Expedia, BookIt.com, Hotels.com, Travelocity, Priceline, Hotwire, Evoline ltd, Cheap Tickets, HotelQuickly, Cancelon and TripOnline SA so you can book your El Cid La Ceiba Beach Hotel reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- El Cid Cozumel
- El Cid La Ceiba Cozumel


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StriVectin® Targeted Stretch Mark Roller
Item # 023994
Size: 1.7 fl. oz.
The product quantity for an item in your shopping cart has exceeded our Maximum Purchasing Policy. Please adjust your quantity to (12) and try again.
Your product couldn't be added to the basket because it is out of stock.
Product Information
DescriptionTargeted Stretch Mark Roller
- Targets all aspects of stretch mark repair: texture, length, depth and color.
Clinically proven to:
- Reduce the appearance of stretch marks immediately and over time
- Improve skin tone and texture
- Restore hydration and diminish surface dryness
PRODUCT DIRECTIONS / ADDITIONAl INFOTurn applicator to ON position and roll over stretch marks, squeezing tube to dispense product. Massage product into skin and allow to absorb completely. Do not rinse or wipe off. Return applicator to OFF position. Use both AM and PM.
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You are here: Home > easter gifts > Chocolate Gifts > Thorntons Chocoholic Hamper
Indulge that sweet tooth with whole hamper full of sugary, chocolatey treats! Whether you just really, really like chocolate or you're willing to admit to being a full-blown chocoholic, this Thorntons hamper is a dream come true. Or why not become the chocolate addict in your life's favourite person by fuelling their habit with the gift of a chocolate gift hamper? Containing a wide variety of sweets from one of Britain's best-loved chocolatiers, this huge hamper should keep even the most ardent eater of confectionery going for a month or two.
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text: Coupled Hebbian learning and evolutionary dynamics in a formal model for structural synaptic plasticityHarold P. de Vladar, Eors Szathm'ary2015Theoretical models of neuronal function consider different mechanisms through which networks learn, classify and discern inputs. A central focus of these models is to understand how associations are established amongst neurons, in order to predict spiking patterns that are compatible with empirical observations. Although these models have led to major… (More)


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The St. Louis Blues have a bit of a problem on their hands, and it could cost them a playoff spot if it continues. It's not that David Backes and Troy Brouwer bolted over the summer, and it's not Paul Stastny's baffling lack of scoring (though that's concerning in and of itself).
No, the biggest issue the Blues are facing at the quarter mark of the 2016-17 season is penalties. Only the Calgary Flames have taken minor penalties more frequently than St. Louis, with the Blues being whistled a whopping 99 times through 23 games played.
To this point, an outstanding penalty kill has managed to mask this glaring problem.
The Blues have the third ranked PK unit, and they are successfully killing penalties 87.6 percent of the time. That number will continue to fall, however. No team in the NHL had an 88 percent kill rate by the end of last season and that St. Louis finished with an 85.1 percent PK.
That's still outstanding, but the Blues weren't taking penalties at the same rate they are this year either. If the Blues want to make it back to the Western Conference Final, this is a problem that can not persist.
Icing a strong penalty kill is obviously a positive, but it negatively impacts the entire roster when a team has to kill off an average of nearly four minors per game. Between eight and 10 minutes a night on the penalty kill is unacceptable for a team that had Stanley Cup aspirations entering this season.
And it's odd, considering they lost two of their top four PIM producers from 2015-16 in Backes and Brouwer — plus Steve Ott — to free agency this summer.
Dangerous players like Vladimir Tarasenko are stapled to the bench during 4-on-5 situations, and it's very (very, very) difficult to score while skating a player down. Short-handed tallies happen from time to time, but they can't be counted on. In fact, the Blues are one of only three teams that haven't scored short-handed yet this season. Meanwhile, the similarly penalized Flames lead the NHL with five.
While the likes of Tarasenko and Kevin Shattenkirk cool off on the bench during kills, the players involved into the PK are skating themselves into the ice trying to prevent goals against. Kyle Brodziak spoke to Jeremy Rutherford of The St. Louis Post-Dispatch about that very thing last week, saying the following:
"It's hurting us. When we're killing penalties and guys are sitting on the bench too long, not getting involved in the game, it takes us as a group longer to get involved in the game."
Head coach Ken Hitchcock believes that the base of the issue lies in poor positioning by his players.
"…you can look at the penalty and you can say, 'You can't put your stick up in the air,' but it's a natural action if you're in the wrong place defensively. To me it's better positioning defensively, so we're not caught out of position."
To Hitchcock's point, the Blues have taken a boatload of stick infraction minors: 15 hooking calls, 18 trips, 10 slashes and 12 high sticks have been called against the Blues according to ESPN.com. All told, this has resulted in St. Louis taking nearly 12 minutes of penalties per contest.
That's draining on everyone involved, and it will undoubtedly spell disaster for the Blues if they can't figure out a way to clean up their collective game.


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Power Players: Tom Werner NASCAR drivers feel the pinch Earlier free agency essential for MLB Lefton: Fanatics, NHL goods 'Zero-hour' part of StubHub-MLB deal Power Players: Jim Petersen Power Players: Derrick Hall NHRA highlights attendance gains Comcast to make most of Games A question of timing: College football
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SBJ/May 28 - June 3, 2007/This Weeks News
NHL boosts entertainment to draw viewers
Published May 28, 2007
The Stanley Cup Finals will feature intermission performances and supplementary events this year for the first time in its history, as the NHL attempts to attract additional TV viewers and raise the profile of the games.
Musical guests will perform during intermission at one of the first two games in Anaheim. The names and dates weren't available at press time. Also, the league will host a special event titled "Salute to Stanley Cup Legends" on Friday honoring members of the 1955-60 Montreal Canadiens.
Though other events like the Super Bowl and NBA Finals have mixed entertainment with sports for years, the idea is new for the NHL, which has emphasized blending music and entertainment with hockey since the lockout.
"It's not a new concept," said Ken Yaffe, the NHL's senior vice president of business affairs. "It's something from our end we think should be part of our game production as we try to make it more of a spectacle."
Last year, the league averaged an all-time low 1.8 rating during the seven-game Cup Finals featuring Carolina and Edmonton. The performances may offer a way to improve those ratings.
"They cast a wider net and may bring some new viewers who might not otherwise be watching but may tune in to see an artist at the top of the chart," Yaffe said.
The off-day "Salute to Stanley Cup Legends" was first brainstormed eight months ago. More than 200 people have been invited to attend the event, which will feature a roundtable discussion with six members of the Canadiens teams from the 1950s. The league hopes to make the event an annual off-day feature during the Cup Finals.
The league planned a series of other hospitality events this week, as well.
In Anaheim, it plans to have a tented area outside the Honda Center where it will host team and league business partners and celebrity guests from Southern California. Since the game starts at 5 p.m. PT, Yaffe expects the tent to be used following the games.
In Ottawa, the league has a golf outing prior to Game 4 on June 4. There will also be a trophy display of the Stanley Cup in the city, and players Sidney Crosby, Vincent Lecavalier, Manny Fernandez and Niklas Backstrom will attend Game 3.


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Chippewa-Munsee Genealogy
Posted By BrokenClaw on January 9, 2007
The Chippewa-Munsee genealogy database includes members, ancestors, and descendants of the Swan Creek and Black River Band Chippewa and the Christian Munsee, who shared a reservation in Franklin County, Kansas, during the latter half of the nineteenth century. These two independent bands had a diverse history which eventually led to their coexistence on a tiny rectangle of twelve square miles in northeast Kansas, hundreds of miles from their ancestral homelands.
Go to the Chippewa-Munsee Genealogy Database on RootsWeb.com.
The database also includes other members of families, particularly those from Franklin County, who married into the Chippewa and Munsee. My research is conducted primarily online. Census data cannot provide a complete picture of genealogy, so I have to rely on oral history to clarify natural parent–child relationships. I welcome additions to the genealogy database. Those who wish to add their family to the database, or contribute additional information about someone already included, please go to the Contact page. Keep in mind that any additions should follow these guidelines:
- The genealogy must include at least one member from the 1859 census or the final enrollment of 1900.
- Please include as much specific data as possible, including dates of birth and death.
- Unless you send me digital photocopies of documents, digital photos of tombstones, etc., the source will be noted as family history.
By default, I protect the private information of anyone whose birth date falls after 1930 (the last published census) and who does not have a date of death recorded in the database. However, I will gladly hide or remove other individuals on request.
The Chippewa, or Ojibwe, consisted of a large group of independent bands who inhabited a vast region around the Great Lakes. Chippewa history can be found on many websites and is beyond the scope of this article. The particular group which is included in this database originally lived in what is now Ontario, Canada. At that time, the region was often referred to as Upper Canada or simply French Canada. In the early part of the 1800s, they relocated across the river into southeast Michigan, where they joined other Ojibwe around Lake St. Clair, along the Swan Creek and Black River. Like so many others, when their land became increasingly desirable for white settlers, they were compelled to move. In 1836, they signed a Treaty which took their homeland in exchange for promises of future annuities and relocation to undisclosed land west of the Mississippi River.
That new land turned out to be in Franklin County, Kansas. However, only a small portion of the Swan Creek and Black River band actually relocated to Kansas. Apparently, most of them simply moved to outlying areas, maintaining their identity and presence in southeast Michigan, where they remain today. Those that moved to Kansas lived there in relative peace for about twenty years. But once again they became the target of land-hungry settlers. Owing to their small number, the displaced Swan Creek and Black River Band of Chippewa signed a new Treaty in 1859, which reduced their reservation to a plot of land two miles wide and six miles long, part of which they agreed to sell to another small band, the Christian Munsee. Signing the treaty for the Chippewa were Chief Francis McCoonse and his son, Edward, along with William Turner and Antoine Gokey.
The Christian Munsee were a small group of Indians, primarily Munsee, who had converted to Christianity during the latter half of the eighteenth century, having been ministered to by the Moravian Church for several generations. The story of how they ended up in Kansas is told in a separate History page. Incidentally, one of the Moravian missionaries, Christian Denke, fits into the history of both the Munsee and the Chippewa. While he was working at the Fairfield mission in Ontario, in 1801 the Mission Board assigned him to start a mission among the St. Clair Chippewa. Over the next few years, Denke tried unsuccessfully to establish a mission, but he had considerable dealings with the Chippewa Chief Nangi and his successor, Chief Macounce. Although they took completely different paths, fifty years later in Kansas, Macounce's descendants would sign a treaty with descendants of Denke's congregation at Fairfield.
The two tribes would share a reservation for the next forty years. By the end of the century, land patents were issued to the remaining tribe, and the entire reservation was alloted. In 1900, the final disbursement of federal funds was paid, and all benefits were subsequently dissolved, meaning that the Kansas Chippewa and Munsee were fully assimilated and would no longer be recognized as Native American Indians. The list of people who made up that final roll in 1900 forms the basis of this genealogy. The database was compiled by a descendant of the Munsee, Ignatius Caleb, so its scope naturally leans more toward the Munsee families. Genealogy sources are cited on the References page and are duly footnoted in the genealogy database.
12 Responses to "Chippewa-Munsee Genealogy"
Antoine Makons died 1859 was a son of Chief Machonce brother to
Francis McCoonse, did not move to Kansas with the others. A letter dated April
22, 1850 from Francis Mccoonse to his brother-in-law Wawanosh
in which he mentions a brother in Pennsylvania. Was this brother Antoine McCoonse.
(copies of letters courtesy of researcher George Cannon)
I descend from Lucy Mae Burgoon, daughter of David Burgoon and wife of William A. Williamson. I am finding her on the Chippewa-Munsee rootsweb site but not on the 1859 or 1900 census. How would I prove that she is indeed of this tribe?
brokenclaw, iwas following your postings of chippewa-munsee on the internet am new athis but i notice after following some of the links to roots.com on the plakeancestory and i found my grandfather cecil plake and i find a few differances one according to what i was told his mothers name was emerald ester elliott,her fathers name was washington r elliott and her mother was mary jane tanksley, also cecil's wifes given name was esther corrine whitten but she was known as ruthwhitten plake. also their daughter,my mothers name was margret mary.also grandfather was born in enid ok. ido not haveany paperwork only word of mouth,thank you, ken swearengin
I am trying to find any thing about my great grandmother Mary Magoo born 1870 died 1948. lived in michigan, migrated to canada in summer lower michigan in winter. I thing she was part of Franklin tribe that did not move to Kansas. any information would be helpful!!!!!!!!!
To all who are searching for Chippewa and Munsee families. I live in Franklin County and work at the Chippewa Camp. I have been to both the Chippewa Cemetery and the Munsee Cemetery. I have researched both of them for a long time. As to Velma Williams, Francis McCoose is in my genalogy from Family Tree Maker. I would be glad to share what I know including a copy of a deer skin with Francis in the center and goes around and around until the 1970′s. I have visted his gravesite, which is something to see. Please contact me if you are interested in this information.
ive been researching the chippewa tribe for a project i was wondering if you could give me some new information
looking for information re my gr-gr grandfather Francois Maconse, Chief of Swan River Band would like any sources to search. Do the Swan Creek- Black River Ojibwe retain any sort of government???
I'm trying to find information on my grandfather, Antoine Pariseau (sometimes spelled Parizeau). He lived on the Flathead reservation in 1900 but never was enrolled because he was Chippewa. He was born in 1870 in Canada. His wife's first name was Angelic and she was born in 1878 in Montana. She listed her tribe as Pend E Orille. The old copy I have is an Indian Population Census of 1900. I don't know how accurate it is. They both listed themselves as half white. I know that alot of blood degree was not recorded correctly. I need to know if Antoine was on any rolls in Canada. Probably Ontario. Thank You, Mary
I have recently been trying to find out more about my maternal grandmother's Chippewa heritage. Her maiden name was Gilliland and she was born in the Chippewa Hills area of Franklin county near Ottawa, Kansas. Her father's name was Andrew John Gilliland. All family records have disappeared since my grandmother Nellie passed away in the 80's. I think she was on the Chippewa, not the Munsee, side of the tiny reservation. I would greatly appreciate any information or direction on where to look for further family heritage. Thank You!
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There are some very amazing duplicate copies of celebrities in this world. So today I am going to share 10 ordinary people who look so much like celebrities. I hope that you will be amazed and surprised after seeing these clone copies of famous celebrities.
So ladies and gentlemen, its the time of enjoyment. Here we go!
10 Ordinary People Who Look So Much Like Celebrities
A Copy Of Salman Khan in Pakistan
Aamir Khan Look Alike
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Saif Ali Khan Duplicate
The duplicate copy of Saif Ali Khan is infront of you. The difference between the two is that Saif Ali Khan is very rich and a famous Bollywood actor while his duplicate copy works in a petrol pump.
Sachin Tendulkar China Made Copy!
The china made copy of Sachin Tendulkar is infront of you. But I bet that the duplicate copy of Sachin can't copy the skills of cricket that Sachin have!
Nana Patekar Clone Copy
Oh My God, Fascinating! The copy of Nana Patekar is infront of you. Totally Unbelievable. Right Na?
Unbelievable Copy of Shah Rukh Khan
I am completely speechless after seeing the copy of Shah Rukh Khan. No words to explain. Totally shocked. What about you?
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The Duplicate of Mahatma Gandhi
This is the photo of an ordinary man living in India. This simple and ordinary got famous throughout the world due to his resemblance with Mr.Gandhi.
Albert Einstein Duplicate
Oh My God! Elbert Einstein is not dead, he is alive! Look he is walking on the road! Hahahahahha 🙂
Copy Of Bruce Lee
So these were the 10 Ordinary People Who Look So Much Like Celebrities. I hope that you enjoyed this post. So more interesting things and celebrity gossips, keep visiting stylishpie.com. Stay Happy 🙂


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Market Roundup
Late Friday, British Prime Minister David Cameron secured a new deal with European politicians. It gives the U.K. some concessions, including the ability to pay fewer benefits to migrants from the EU, which Cameron hoped would quell an anti-EU push from political opponents and some members of his own Conservative party.
But EU-skeptics weren't satisfied. Then over the weekend, one of the most powerful politicians in Great Britain, London Mayor Boris Johnson, said he wanted out of the EU. A decisive referendum now looms on June 23, one that will determine whether Britain pulls out of the 28-country Union or not.
|London Mayor Boris Johnson favors a Brexit.
The market reaction was swift and severe in currencies. The British pound plunged almost 3 cents against the U.S. dollar, its biggest one-day loss since the depths of the credit crisis in October 2009. It's now trading at its weakest level against the buck in seven years, and it also lost ground against the euro.
The concern is that the British economy will suffer if trade and other economic links with the EU get severed. London could also lose prominence as a financial capital, with jobs and power migrating to other cities in continental Europe over time.
The bigger issue for investors (outside of those looking to profit from moves in the British pound) is that the Brexit crisis is just the latest in a long series of them emanating from Europe. The PIIGS debt crisis. The migrant influx crisis. The European banking sector crisis.
They keep on coming — and European politicians are having a tougher and tougher time coming up with solutions. That tells me Europe is fraying at the edges, a longer-term problem for the European economy and European shares.
|"Continue to avoid the large European banks … and keep an eye on this Brexit threat."
So continue to avoid the large European banks, as I've been advocating for a long time, and keep an eye on this Brexit threat.
If polling over the next few months suggests the "Leave the EU" campaign is gaining steam, it will likely lead to more market turmoil at a time when stocks are dealing with plenty of it already.
How about you? Do you think Brexit risk is a big problem for stocks? Or are other factors more important? Will the collapsing pound encourage you to book a flight to London? Or is it not on your radar screen? What about the other European crises — are you worried about what impact they'll have here in the States? Let me hear about it online.
I hope you had an enjoyable weekend, and I'm glad some of you took time out of your schedule to comment on the outlook for the retail industry.
Reader Bob shared his take on the Amazon.com (AMZN) issue, saying: "I believe a large part it is Amazon. Plus, consumers have been spending money on home improvements, new furniture, and new homes.
"We own a small retail store and many of our top customers in 2014 hardly spent any money in 2015. We still had a good relationship with them and they all were doing what I mentioned above, so their money was going away from clothing and fashion. I also see UPS and FedEx drivers on a daily basis and they tell me their fellow drivers who service residential say it is amazing how many more home deliveries they are making versus several years ago."
Reader Brian said the biggest problem is paychecks, plain and simple. His comments: "Until the living wage goes up, I'm unsure who the retailers think will buy their products. Real income hasn't gone up since the '70s. Almost all expansion since then has been based on credit. There's only so much credit to go around unless cash starts flying out of helicopters."
Reader Johan also picked up on that train of thought, saying: "First, labor participation is low, while unemployment is 5%. So it's 5% of a smaller universe, meaning less income to spend at retail. Second, the population is aging and the 'echo boom' is paying down college debt, not buying homes, appliances, and baby clothes like the Boomers did.
"We need more good jobs and people in them to fuel growth. But I don't see that happening soon."
Reader David S. pushed back against the idea that Wal-Mart Stores' (WMT) problems begin and end with Amazon. He said: "I shop at Wal-Mart on a regular basis and what I see being bought there (food, clothing, household supplies of all sorts, car supplies, sports equipment, etc.) by the low-income masses is not what would ordinarily be bought on Amazon. So it's not obvious to me that there's that much competition between the two.
"It also seems to me that the prices aren't much different. And of course, there's no wait for delivery at Wal-Mart, and they have an on-line purchase option if anyone craves it. In my area (San Francisco Bay), rents have increased dramatically and that might have a greater effect on in-store retail sales than it does for on-line retail."
Thanks for taking some time out to comment. If I didn't get to your views, or if you want to add anything further, be sure to use the discussion section below as your outlet.
The Bank of Japan's negative interest rate program is helping stimulate the economy … if you consider higher safe sales to be a sign of success! The Wall Street Journal reports that sales of safes are rising as Japanese citizens are choosing to hoard cash, rather than sock their hard-earned yen away in bank accounts or other savings products that pay next to nothing in interest.
Remember those "hidden sellers" who have been hard at work unloading equities? Well, they may have a lot more dumping to do this year, according to the Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute.
The research group just released a report estimating that SWFs will have to sell more than $404 billion worth of shares this year if oil prices remain mired in the $30 to $40 range. That would be almost twice the estimated $213 billion they yanked from global stock markets in 2015.
Those European megabanks keep bringing the bad news. HSBC Holdings PLC (HSBC) just reported a $1.3 billion net loss for the fourth quarter, a huge swing from the year-ago profit of $511 million. The London-based bank with a large foreign presence missed expectations due to rising losses on energy loans and weakness in Asia. It's in the midst of eliminating 25,000 jobs, exiting several businesses, and otherwise restructuring its vast operations.
In the political arena, Hillary Clinton won the Democratic vote in Nevada while Donald Trump scored a Republican victory in South Carolina over the weekend. Jeb Bush dropped out of the race, while Marco Rubio came in second in a very tight contest.
If you lived in Japan, would you stack your cash in a safe rather than earn next to nothing at a bank? What do you think of the ongoing selling wave from sovereign wealth funds? How about the election results? Any thoughts on how they might impact the markets? Let me hear about it in the comment section below.
Until next time,
Mike Larson
P.S. Today is the FINAL DAY to reserve your seat in Boris Schlossberg and Kathy Lien's inaugural LIVE Global Currency Investor webinar.
Normally, this is a private, members-only event, but because their work indicates that the next big market decline could happen at any moment, and the threat to your wealth is so great …
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You will also have the chance to ask Boris and Kathy questions that they will answer LIVE.
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Tend to like boy names for girls and stuck on what to name next baby
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September 25th, 2013, 02:51 PM
Mega Super Mommy
Join Date: Feb 2005
Posts: 4,022
One more suggestion that I think would go very nicely - Rylan
Side note:
I do have to admit, I'm not a fan of alternative spellings. I think that you might regret that in a few years as it's a trend associated with teen/young moms and gives the impression that you cannot spell. Sorry if that's harsh, but what sounds cute when you are in your 20s won't for the rest of your life (which is the majority of your life). Just a little advice from an old-timer! lol
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— Sade, on why she wishes you'd stop camphone-taping her concert highlights and slapping them up on YouTube, in a brilliant profile by our colleague Chris Richards. The R&B sphinx, we're told, smells like banana bread, glows in the afternoon sun, commands a room with her pealing laugh.
Sade, reluctantly back in the spotlight
In other news: Mike Isabella, on making the shift from "Top Chef" celebrity to his own new D.C. restaurant, Graffiato.


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Mary Had a Little Jam
And Other Silly Rhymes. Expanded Edition with Twice as Many Rhymes.
These original nursery rhymes recount the latest adventures of Jack and Jill, Humpty Dumpty, Old King Cole, Old Mother Hubbard, Little Boy Blue, Little Bo-Peep, Yankee Doodle, Georgie Porgie, Peter Piper, and other best-loved Mother Goose characters.
Written by a gang of gifted poets including Bruce Lansky, Kenn Nesbitt, Linda Knaus, and Darren Sardelli, these rhymes are guaranteed to delight children of all ages. It's the most popular book of funny, contemporary nursery rhymes in the English language.
Double the Fun with Twice as many Silly Rhymes! We've added a Second Helping: 40 Hilarious Poems from Peter, Peter, Pizza Eater.
iParenting Media Awards Back to School Winner
Over 800,000 copies in print
"A witty contemporary takeoff of Mother Goose. My three-year-old daughter, Sarah, loves the sing-song rhythm and funny punch lines … even after 200 readings."
–Marina Krakovsky, Family Fun Magazine
"Long overdue! A kinder, gentler Mother Goose … and funny too!"
– Christine Clark, Editor Humpty Dumpty Magazine
"Chock-full of chuckles!"
–Sharis Lewis and Lamb Chop
"An instant classic. Move over Mother Goose!"
–Peggy Gisler, "Dear Teacher" syndicated columnist