text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 18, 1990
|Filing date
|Nov 23, 1988
|Priority date
|Nov 23, 1988
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Bruce T. White, John D. Polstra, Craig V. Johnson
|Original Assignee
|John Fluke Mfg. Co., Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (19), Referenced by (9), Classifications (11), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is related to concurrently filed U.S. Ser. No. 07/275,495 KERNEL TESTING INTERFACE AND METHOD FOR AUTOMATING DIAGNOSTICS OF MICROPROCESSOR-BASED SYSTEMS by J. Polstra, M. Scott and B. White, U.S. Ser. No. 07/275,184 HARDWARE ENHANCEMENTS FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE OF MEMORY EMULATION METHOD by T. Locke and U.S. Pat. No. 07/275,183 AUTOMATIC VERIFICATION OF KERNEL CIRCUITRY BASED ON ANALYSIS OF MEMORY ACCESSES by J. Polstra, all assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
The present invention relates generally to the testing and troubleshooting of microprocessor-based electronic systems and more particularly to testing and troubleshooting of the kernel of microprocessor-based electronic systems using a memory emulation technique.
With the wide use of complex microprocessor-based systems in both consumer and industrial products, automation of testing and diagnosis of circuit faults, particularly of the kernel of such systems, has become extremely desireable. The kernel of such a system is well-understood in the art to refer to the microprocessor (μP), itself, and the associated elements with which it is necessary for the microprocessor to correctly interact to function correctly, specifically the memory, clock, address bus and data bus. So-called emulative testers in which an element of the kernel is emulated by the testing apparatus have become popular for functional testing because they enable detailed diagnostics of the kernel even where the kernel is not even minimally operative.
One type of emulative tester is a microprocessor emulator, exemplified by the tester described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,455,654, issued to K. S. Bhaskar et al and assigned to the John Fluke Mfg. Co., Inc.; In that system, connection is made to the UUT by removing the UUT μP and connecting the test system through the μP socket of the UUT.
Another type of emulative tester is a ROM (or memory) emulator. ROM emulation is deemed desireable since the ROM is in direct communication with the UUT data and address buses and the pin configurations of ROM sockets are relatively simple. ROM emulators are well known for use in software design and operational verification of the μP but have only recently been used for fault detection and diagnosis because no sync signal is typically available to synchronize the test equipment with the test results it receives. A solution to this problem is disclosed in U.S. Pat. application No. 07/158,223, of M. H. Scott et al, filed Feb. 19, 1988, for MEMORY EMULATION METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR TESTING AND TROUBLESHOOTING MICROPROCESSOR-BASED ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS, and is hereby fully incorporated by reference herein. That test system comprises a μP-based mainframe and an interface pod which also includes a μP-based system which is connected to both the μP and the memory socket of the UUT. The interface pod includes special logic circuitry connected to the UUT μP to provide a fine resolution sync signal pulse during a bus cycle of interest in order to provide full troubleshooting fault isolation that is as effective as that provided by prior art μP emulation since the high resolution sync pulse derived from the μP can be used to isolate and evaluate signals monitored from the address and data buses at the memory socket with the same facility as they could be from μP connections. Also, as disclosed in that application, ROM emulation may be generalized to memory emulation (e.g. the emulation of any memory or portion of memory) since the trend in μP-based systems is to increase RAM while reducing ROM and possibly eliminating ROM altogether by substituting RAM. Therefore test systems must be adequately generalized to test systems not yet produced but, nonetheless, foreseeable in light of current trends in electronic microprocessor-based system architecture.
It will be important to understand the distinction between terms indicating different degrees of certainty of funtionality provided by different testing procedures. The term "verification", as used herein indicates the ascertaining of at least a minimum level of functionality which is sufficient to allow a subsequent procedure to be conducted. The term "validation" indicates that if no fault is found, the entire structure validated may be considered fully funtional. The term "test" is used to indicate a procedure where all existing faults will be found, but not necessarily isolated or identified. "Diagnosis", as used herein, indicates that all faults are found and identified.
As disclosed in the above noted copending application, KERNEL TESTING INTERFACE AND METHOD FOR AUTOMATING DIAGNOSTICS OF MICROPROCESSOR-BASED SYSTEMS, by Polstra et al, which is hereby fully incorporated by reference, a highly automated testing and diagnostics system and method has been provided in which the data bus is merely verified prior to performance of the address bus test and diagnosis Verification provides a lesser degree of certainty of full functionality of the data bus since, for verification, the data bus is exercised and tested on to the extent necessary to determine that it is sufficiently functional to carry out testing and diagnosis of the address bus. Specifically, only a fraction of the data bus lines must function correctly. The reason for performing verification rather than testing of the data bus, as disclosed in the copending Polstra et al application, is to reduce the time necessary to perform complete diagnosis of the kernel of the UUT. The single slowest element of the test is the test of the upper data bus which has required manual probing by the operator of the test system for data bus testing and diagnosis. During testing by memory emulation, signals which reflect the condition of the kernel are collected from the address by the emulation memory. Therefore, unless the data bus functions correctly, such signals will be ambiguous as to whether a fault found exists on the data bus or the address bus. Testing of the address bus requires no probing and takes little time and if no fault is found, both the data bus and the address bus will be found to be fully functional. Accordingly, it is desireable to do test the data bus after testing the address bus and then only when a fault has been indicated at some point in the kernel. Further, it remains desireable to be able to eliminate probing, since it is time-consuming and requires greater skill on the part of the test system operator.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide apparatus for testing microprocessor-based system performing data bus validation without the requirement of probing the lines of the data bus.
It is another object of the invention to provide a method for validation of the entire data bus of a microprocessor-based system under test without probing.
It is a further object of this invention to provide, in an apparatus for testing microprocessorbased systems, a test sitmulus routine which will function as a go/no go test of the data bus to permit address bus testing and diagnosis to be performed prior to data bus diagnosis, should no fault in the data bus be reported.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide, in an apparatus for testing microprocessorbased systems, a validation routine which eliminates the need for data bus diagnosis should no fault be found in the process of the validation routine.
The invention is directed to an apparatus for testing and validation of the data bus of the kernel of a microprocessor-based system by memory emulation, including a method for validation of the data bus. First, a load operation is performed to force onto a first plurality of lines of the data bus a first bit pattern containing a number of bits equal to one-half the number of lines in the data bus. Next, a load operation is performed of a second bit pattern which is the complement of said first bit pattern over a second plurality of bus lines constituted by the remainder of the data bus lines. Whereupon, the first and second bit patterns are compared and a signal is generated if the second bit pattern is not the complement of the first bit pattern. These steps are preferably repeated a number of times. Then, in a similar fashion, a load operation of a third bit pattern containing a number of bits equal to one-half the number of lines in the data bus over a third plurality of lines in the data bus is performed and as is a load operation of a fourth bit pattern which is not the complement of the third bit pattern over a fourth plurality of bus lines constituted by the remainder of the data bus lines. Then said third and fourth bit patterns are compared and a signal is generated if the fourth bit pattern is not the complement of the third bit pattern. These steps are also preferably repeated a number of times. The data bus can then be validated based upon the results of the comparisons.
As will be evident, the first and second pattern could be simultaneously loaded, perhaps in a single operation, as may be convenient, as can the third and fourth patterns. However, it may not be convenient to do so if the second and fourth patterns are respectively developed from the first and third patterns rather than stored.
By implementing this routine in an apparatus for testing microprocessor-based system kernels, The data bus may be entirely validated and the overall test procedure may be greatly expedited since the validation routine obviate the need for probing of the data bus lines if no fault is reported.
The above and other objects of the invention will become evident to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is an illustration of a microprocessor-based testing apparatus incorporating this invention.
FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of the system shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a detailed block diagram of the overall system as shown in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating the function of the invention.
As an overview of the invention, with reference to FIG. 1, test apparatus connected to a UUT 14 includes a mainframe processor 10, arranged in a compact housing and including a keyboard 20, probe 32 and display 22, an interface pod 12, a sync module 150 including a sync module adapter 150 and at least one memory module 100 (two being illustrated) depending upon the memory configuration of the UUT 14. The memory module(s) connect to the UUT by a multi- conductor cable 92 and a plug corresponding to the UUT memory socket 72. FIG. 2 schematically illustrates the interconnection of the system shown in FIG. 1, showing the preferred arrangement of the apparatus in a plurality of housings. It is to be understood that the particular articulation of the elements of the system while being preferably as shown for the convenience of the operator could be packaged in more or fewer elements than shown. For instance, the pod could be entirely included within the same housing as the mainframe. It is also to be noted in FIG. 2 that while the memory module is electrically substituted for the UUT memory, either by physical replacement or by parallel connection while disabling the UUT memory, the sync module is connected to the μP which is left in place in the UUT circuit.
The validation routine of this invention comprises a stimulus routine including passing a bit pattern which is half as wide as the data bus, or the portion of the data bus to be validated, over, say, the low order lines of the data bus, or portion thereof, and passing the same bit pattern or complement of that bit pattern over the high order lines of the data bus, or portion, and evaluating the bit patterns received on the respective high and low order lines to determine whether the bit patterns are or are not complements of each other. Since the patterns are both true and complemented patterns, differing results of the evaluation are sufficient to validate the entire width of the data bus.
With the above brief overview of the invention in mind, operation of the system described in the copending applications, supra, will be reviewed as a background for understanding the operation of the enhancements constituting the invention.
The testing system includes a plurality of novel procedures including a bus test primitive, a data stimulus primitive and an address stimulus primitive, which will be individually summarized below. Each of these primitives has utility for testing a particular portion of the kernel of a μP-based system and when utilized in a sequence according to the invention permit a higher degree of automated testing and diagnostics at higher speed and with greater operator convenience than has heretofore been available.
The bus test primitive is executed by a program in the mainframe of the test apparatus. The main function of the bus test primitive is to determine if the μP is able to perform basic read and write operations in the kernel and can consist of as little as a single read and write. If successful, it will be known that the μP is at least capable of accessing the memory, in this case, the emulation memory, receiving a bit pattern over the data bus and placing that bit pattern on the address bus where it can be received and monitored by the pod. Since the testing apparatus performs diagnostics of the data and address buses by the development of signatures, however, in the preferred embodiment, the bus test primitive is implemented as a program which is designed to exercise the portion of the data and address buses which correspond to the boot memory. Whether implemented as a single operation or a sequence of operations, it is significant that the bus test primitive is not exhaustive of the lines comprising the data and address buses or even of the combinations of bits which can be placed on those lines or portion of those lines and can thus function rapidly as a go/no go test.
The data stimulus primitive is implemented at a lower level of operability of the μP than the bus test primitive, specifically by repeatedly resetting the μP; which function will have been tested prior to execution of the bus test primitive. Upon reset, the μP accesses the first location in the boot memory and retrieves the bit pattern stored there. The data stimulus is not a program but is executed by altering the bit pattern in the first location of the boot memory for each reset. It is significant to note that this function is common to both the so-called vectored reset and execute-on-reset types of microprocessors. With either type of μP, the bit pattern retrieved from memory will be communicated over the data bus and will appear on the address bus. During reset, a sync pulse is generated by the μP during the initial reading of the first location of the boot memory which is captured by the sync module, communicated to the pod and used to evaluate signals appearing on the data bus, either by probing or non-probing tests to collect data bus line signatures. The latter is done by a procedure similar to the bus test using an exhaustive data stimulus sequence of bit patterns while monitoring the chip select line. The data stimulus sequence is exhaustive in the sense that it consists of a series of essentially arbitrary patterns which are, nevertheless, chosen such that a unique signature will be generated on each line of the data bus. As noted in the description of the bus test primitive, done on the memory bootspace, the chip select line (which is a logic function of the high-order bits on the address bus) will reflect an error only if one or more of the high-order bits is non-zero as is expected when cycling through boot space locations and the go/no go test will be passed even if one or more of the high order bus lines are tied to ground. In the same way, the presence or absence of a chip select signal as expected while performing the data stimulus sequence will reflect whether or not one of the high order lines is latched (e.g. shorted to ground). If this test is passed, only tied line defects, where a line of the data bus is tied to another data bus line will remain. This can be later diagnosed by probing. However, in accordance with this invention it is preferable to validate the data bus at this point, whereby, if no faults are reported by the validation routine, the data bus will be known to be fully functional.
After testing or diagnosis of the data bus, testing of the address bus may be conducted using the same stimulus sequence as for the data stimulus primitive. However, this is done by conducting a programmed sequence of read/write instructions using these bit patterns and collecting signatures either with a probe, or preferably, in an analysis memory from which latched or tied lines may be deduced. As pointed out above, an exhaustive test of the address lines may be conducted using only the limited number of bit patterns in the stimulus sequence. Once the address bus lines have thus been fully diagnosed, full diagnosis of the data lines will be possible since any defect appearing on the databus lines will also be reflected on the address bus lines. Since the address bus lines have been fully diagnosed, any fault noted will be isolated to a particular bus. It is helpful to note that for execute-on-reset processors, the program for performing the address stimulus primitive can be a single instruction. For vectored reset processors, which look to the boot location address for the address of the first instruction, the address stimulus primitive typically requires no instructions at all; the desired bit pattern is merely placed into the emulation memory at the reset vector location.
To recapitulate the above summarized primitives in the context of the overall system and method, when it is desired to perform a test of the kernel of a μP-based system, an emulation memory is electrically substituted for the memory of the unit to be tested and a sync module is connected to timing information and forcing pins of the μP by conductors 140 (FIG. 3). When the test procedure is initiated, certain checks are made to ascertain that power is provided to elements of the kernel as will be enumerated in greater detail below. Then a reset overdrive check is performed to determine if the pod can, in fact, initiate a reset of the μP and is monitored by the sync module to determine if the reset line first goes active and then inactive. The actual reset of the μP is not checked in this step but only that a signal which should be capable of doing so is present at the appropriate pin of the μP.
Next, the sync module captures the clock signal of the μP which is evaluated. If the μP clock signal is not received by the pod, additional checks are made of the clock to determine if it is slow or shorted and for unexpected values of the signals on the forcing lines.
At this point, no tests have been performed on the μP itself but signals have been verified sufficiently to determine that such tests may now be done. The most rudimentary of these tests, the μP reset, is now done by overdriving the reset line and looking for a chip select signal on the chip select line corresponding to the boot memory location from address decoder 80. If successful, the μP will again be reset for the purpose of checking for the correct signal on the low order lines of the address bus to access the first location of the boot memory. This procedure will now have verified sufficient functionality of the kernel to proceed with the sequence of the bus test, and the sequence of data and address stimulus primitives as outlined above. It should be noted also that if any test conducted thus far has indicated a defect, a particular kernel fault will have been unambiguously indicated without requiring any more complex or high level function from the μP than reset. The bus test as outlined above, in its first (and possibly only) cycle will verify the only further function necessary to fully test and diagnose the remainder of the kernel: a read and write operation. It should also be kept in mind that because of the high resolution sync pulses produced by the sync module, bus cycles of interest can be isolated and evaluations of the buses can be conducted according to the signatures produced in response to the stimulus patterns imposed to exercise the lines. Since, for example, only twelve bit patterns, as disclosed in the Polstra et al application, incorporated supra, are necessary in a stimulus primitive in order to exercise thirty-two lines in a bus to develop a unique signature for each line for fully diagnosing the bus, significant increases in testing speed can be achieved.
With specfic reference to FIG. 4, The data bus validation routine comprises the accessing of a bit pattern from the emulation memory and placing that pattern on a portion of the data bus (401). Then the complement of the bit pattern is preferably produced by the μP from the bit pattern (402) and placed on another portion of the data bus (403). A comparison of the two portions of the data bus are then compared (404) and a signal is generated if the two bit patterns are not complements of each other. This result can be immediately reported but is preferably collected (410) over a sequence of bit patterns. These steps are preferably repeated through a predetermined sequence of patterns. This sequence need not be conducted in a single series of operations but can be interrupted or interleaved with the similar series of steps 406-409.
The process of validation of the data bus is continued by placing a bit pattern, preferably from a second sequence of bit patterns, on a portion of the data bus (406). In this sequence, as distinct from the previous sequence, the same bit pattern is placed on a second portion of the data bus (407). Comparison is again made (408) and the result of the comparison is collected (411). These steps are then preferably repeated through the second sequence of patterns (409).
When both sequences have been completed, the collected comparison results 410 and 411 are evaluated and the data bus in considered to be validated if the first series reports all complements and the second series reports none.
In accordance with the invention and with reference again to FIG. 3, conductors 140 are connected to the reset line and other lines on which signals reflecting the operational state (status pins) of the UUT μP will appear. For example, on the 80386 processor, these lines will be the HOLD, HLDA (hold acknowledge), ADS, READY, CLK2, and RESET lines. These signals will be received by buffers 152 over lines 140 and transmitted to the pod over cable 90 as inputs to bus cycle state machine 200. Bus cycle state machine 200 will perform a logical operation on these signals, under control of the mainframe 10, to develop a control signal for controlling sync pulse generation state machine 202 which generates a sync signal in response thereto. This sync signal is sent to mainframe 10 which generates control signals therefrom which are returned to various parts of the pod as illustrated, notably the analyzer RAM 62.
The mechanism for analyzing the address trace is the same one that is used for analyzing the trace from the Bus Test primitive. This is more fully described in the disclosure "AUTOMATIC VERIFICATION OF KERNEL CIRCUITRY BASED ON ANALYSIS OF MEMORY ACCESSES by J. Polstra and assigned to the assignee of this application, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, ten bit patterns are used in each of two sequences. One sequence will force each of the bit patterns and its complement onto the full width of the data bus. These patterns (in HEX notation are preferably
The other sequence will force each bit pattern and a true replication of that bit pattern onto the data bus in the same fashion. These patterns are preferably
These patterns are chosen to insure that all data line faults will be detected by at least one pattern. Faults which will be detected are, for example, lines stuck high or low and lines tied to other lines. Since the data bus will be validated only if all of the one sequence of patterns are reported as complementary high and low order bit pattern and none of the other sequence are reported as complementary high and low order bit patterns, it is also assured that no data bus line fault can be reported incorrectly as a pass.
This validation procedure is equally applicable to processors with 4 bit, 8 bit, 16 bit, 32 bit or any other width of data bus.
As an example of the application of the validation method and data structure according to the invention, The following example will apply the invention in detail to the testing of a kernel including a 80386 type processor. It should be borne in mind that this method and data structure is applicable to many different types of computers and digital circuits.
The program embodying the method and data structure of the invention is as follows:
__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR1## Address Label Opcode Operands__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR2## FFFFFFF0 FFFFFFF4 FFFFFFF8 FFFFFFFC success: nop mov not nop xor jz ax,XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ax ax,YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY success failure FFFFF800 failure: jmp failure__________________________________________________________________________
In the leftmost column, above, the listing shows the binary levels that will (in a good UUT) be present on the 32 lines of the data bus during each step of the program. As shown, the listing represents a UUT which actually utilizes all 32 data lines of the 80386. However, the test is, as noted above, effective for UUTs which utilize fewer data lines.
The "Address" column gives, in hexadecimal notation, the address being accessed by the UUT microprocessor at each step of the program. Each access fetches 32 bits=4 bytes of data over the data lines; that is why the addresses are spaced at intervals of 4 bytes.
The "Label" column gives an option symbolic name for the address of the current instruction. This is common practice in assembly language programming.
The "Opcode" column gives the symbolic name for an 80386 machine instruction.
The "Operands" column lists the operands (parameters) which more fully specify the precise action to be taken by the microprocessor.
Each instruction fetch transfers a full 32 bits of information across the data bus. Such a transfer may contain one or more full or partial 80386 instructions. For example, the first two instructions, "nop" and "mov ax,XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" together occupy the first 32 bits of data.
An instruction may also be split across two 32-bit transfers. This can be seen with the "xor ax,YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY" instruction, which begins in one set of 32 bits, but ends in another set.
A step-by-step description of the program is as follows:
1. nop
This is the 80386 "no operation instruction. It performs no function whatsoever with the microprocessor. It is used only to take up space so that the following instruction will fall on the desired portion of the data bus.
2. movax,XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
This is a "load immediate" instruction. Here, "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" represents the upper 16 bits of the test pattern which is filled in by the pod. The effect of this instruction is to transfer the 16 bits into the processor's "ax" register. Notice that the pattern "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" is transferred over data lines D16 through D31. This is intentionally accomplished by the preceding "nop" instruction.
3. notax
This is a "bitwise complement" instruction. It complements each of the bits in the "ax" register. After this instruction, the "ax" register contains the complement of the test pattern "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX".
4. nop
This is another "no operation" instruction, included to position the following instruction on the desired portion of the data bus.
5. xorax,YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
This is an "exclusive-or immediate" instruction. Here, "YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY" represents the lower 16 bits of the test pattern which is filled in by the pod. The effect of this instruction is to combine the bits "YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY" with the current contents of the "ax" register in a certain way. Namely, those bits of "ax" which were equal to the corresponding but of the pattern will receive a new value of 0; those bits which were unequal will receive a new value of 1. After this instruction is executed, "ax" will contain the value 0000000000000000 if and only if it previously contained the value "YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY".
Prior to this instruction, "ax" contained the complement of the pattern "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX". So, if "YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY" is precisely the complement of "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX", then this instruction will yield a result of zero. Otherwise, it will yield some nonzero value.
Notice that the pattern "YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY" is transferred over data lines D00 through D15, the opposite half from that which was used to transfer the other pattern in step 2. This is intentionally accomplished by the preceding "nop" instruction.
6. jzsuccess
This is a "jump if zero" instruction. If the result of the previous instruction was zero (i.e., if the datatest passed), this instruction will jump to the address labeled "success." Otherwise (i.e., if the datatest failed), execution will continue with the subsequentially following instruction.
Note that "success" labels this very instruction. Thus, if the test passes, the processor will loop indefinitely, executing this "jump if zero" instruction.
7. jmpfailure
This is an "unconditional jump" instruction. It causes execution to continue with the instruction labeled "failure". Notice that the instruction labeled "failure" is at address FFFFF800, far away from the "success" address (which is between FFFFFFF8 and FFFFFFFC). This is intentional, as it allows the pod to determine whether the test passed or failed merely by examining the trace of addresses that were referenced.
8. failure: jmpfailure
This instruction causes the processor to perform an infinite loop at the failure address, namely FFFFF800.
When the program runs, the pod gathers a trace of the UUT's address references, using the Address RAM (ARAM). It then analyzes the sequences of address. If it sees a series of sequential accesses, followed by a jump back to the "success" address, then the pod knows that the test passed. If it sees anything else (usually, a jump to the "failure" address) the pod knows that the test failed.
Having thus fully described the invention in detail it will be appreciated that many variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The detailed description set forth above is intended as being by way of example and not of limitation; the scope of the invention being limited only by the appended claims.
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Owner name: JOHN FLUKE MFG. CO., INC., WASHINGTON
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:WHITE, BRUCE T.;POLSTRA, JOHN D.;JOHNSON, CRAIG V.;REEL/FRAME:005049/0590
Effective date: 19890117
|Mar 3, 1994
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 14, 1998
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Sep 20, 1998
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Dec 1, 1998
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19980918


text:
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HAVE A FRESH START IN THE MORNING – Set your alarm to wake some time before you have to leave for class or study. Drink plenty of water, over half litre if possible before you leave home to rehydrate and eat at least a nutritious snack if you don't feel like a full breakfast. Plan to arrive early or on time for lectures.
JOIN A STUDY GROUP – Find some like-minded students to study with. They may offer new points of view, be able to explain points you are struggling with and offer in support in general.
DON'T HAVE LONGER BREAKS BETWEEN CLASSES – Keep up your motivation. Schedule work if you have extended breaks between classes to work on assignments. Consistent habits will stand you in good stead for future work.
BECOME FAMILIAR WITH YOUR OWN BIORHYTHMS – Are you more creative in the morning or afternoon or evening? Rest when you are on lower energy, work when on higher.
JOIN ASSOCIATIONS AND CLUBS –Take the opportunity to learn some new skills and hobbies with likeminded people. You will extend your friendship base and enjoy social activities to lighten academic pressure.
DON'T OVER-COMMIT IN THE FIRST YEAR/SEMESTER – Make sure you only commit to classes you feel you can do well in without too much pressure. Over achieve in fewer classes rather than fail because you took on too many classes.
GET ORGANIZED! – Utilize whatever you need to get organised. Make lists. Use a calendar so you are always aware of deadlines. Check and prioritize daily what needs to be done – classes, study time, assignments, social events, birthdays…
AVOID BAD INFLUENCES – Avoid spending time with people you know are bad influences. It goes without saying they will have negative destructive effects on your studies and consequently your life.
APPRECIATE YOUR TIME AT UNIVERSITY – Never wish your time away. Even with the stress and difficult moments find a way to see something positive in every moment. Keep a balance between work and play just as you hope for the remainder of your life after you graduate.
AND if by chance you do feel overwhelmed by a situation seek appropriate professional help before you get too despondent or depressed. Know that many people have walked in similar shoes at some time of their life.
Hirsi Ahmed
Daryeel Magazine

subset: commoncrawl


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Taxis Direct
Introduction Taxis Direct provide a luxury bespoke taxi and transfer service at competitive prices, using the latest model air conditioned Mercedes Vito Taxi. Taxis Direct were in need of a brand new website to help raise awareness, increase hotel transfers and generate more revenue for the business. The Solution Taxis Direct is a fully responsive […]Read More


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Do the double
Some of the Irish players make a quick return to action this weekend in the Heineken Cup and a straight-forward win bet on Leinster to beat Montpellier looks the way to go.
Despite the loss of Brian O'Driscoll, Leinster are superior in all areas and that's reflected in the odds of 4/7. Montpellier sit in 12th spot in the French League and it will be a big surprise if Leinster don't make the trip worthwhile.
Horse racing
Frog Hollow looks a good deal overpriced at 3/1 in the EBF Jeremy Chapman Still Swinging At 70 Novice Stakes (1.40 Lingfield).
The son of Intikhab beat Lord Ofthe Shadows in a Novice Stakes at Salisbury last time and that horse franked the form when winning recently at Newmarket. Frog Hollow should manage to finish ahead of promising pair Gloriam and Asatir.
•Last week's double was successful on both legs at an overall price of 3/2.
Irish Independent


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Rock and Roll All Nite
By Various
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Choral (SAB)
(A Salute to the Heroes of Rock). By Various. Arranged by Mac Huff. Pop Choral Series. 24 pages. Published by Hal Leonard (HL.8202396).
Item Number: HL.8202396
6.75x10.5 inches.
Experience the awesome music featured in the popular music video games Guitar Hero® and Rock Band® in this 6-minute medley that will give you all the thrills of real live rock legends! Songs include: Barracuda, I Love Rock 'n Roll, Rock and Roll All Nite, Smoke on the Water. Available separately: SATB, SAB, 2-Part, ShowTrax CD. Rhythm section parts available digitally (syn, gtr, b, dm). Duration: ca. 5:15.


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About The Pizza Press
Founded in 2012, The Pizza Press is a build-your-own pizzeria with a friendly atmosphere and fun 1920s newspaper theme. Based in Anaheim, California, The Pizza Press is a rapidly growing franchise that has locations in Southern California, one in Austin, TX, and one in China, with plans to have 100 restaurants throughout the US by late 2018.
Social Reach:
This web page does not constitute a franchise offering or an offer to sell a franchise. A franchise offering can be made by us only in a state if we are first registered, excluded, exempted or otherwise qualified to offer franchises in that state, and only if we provide you with an appropriate franchise disclosure document.
The Pizza Press »
Founded in 2012, The Pizza Press is a fast-casual, build-your-own pizzeria.
Franchise Opportunities
The Pizza Press franchise opportunities are not currently available on Franchising.com. Fill in the form below to be notified when they become available.


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Unnodu Ka Trailer (2016)
13 May 2016 Drama, Comedy, Family 143 mins
Two middle-aged men, who are settled in the same city, try to put an end to their families' blood feud in their village. Meanwhile, their children, fall in love with each other and decide to get hitched.
Watch the official Unnodu Ka 2016 trailer in HD below or find more Unnodu Ka videos on Vidimovie.


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IAM's 2017 (55th) Annual Meeting: A RetrospectiveVIEW
Retrospective from IAM's 53rd Annual MeetingVIEW
High Fives from IAM's 53rd Annual MeetingVIEW
IAM-YP Go Kart Teambuilding Event
The IAM-YP group went to the Orlando Kart Center for their teambuilding event during the 2014 IAM Annual Meeting.VIEW
Randall Groger, 2014 Hall of Honor Recipient
Randall Groger was inducted into IAM's Hall of Honor at the 52nd Annual Meeting in Orlando in October 2014.VIEW
Paul Richard Klien, 2014 Hall of Honor Recipient
Paul R. Klien was inducted into IAM's Hall of Honor at the 52nd Annual Meeting in Orlando in October 2014.VIEW
Santa Fe Charity Run at IAM's 52nd Annual Meeting
Santa Fe Group sponsored a charity run to raise money for breast cancer research in conjunction with IAM's 52nd Annual Meeting in October 2014.VIEW
IAM's RPP Program Benefit and Dues Structure Changes
IAM President Terry Head discusses the new Receivable Protection Program member benefit and implications on member dues.VIEW
IAM has launched a new initiative, the IAM Logistics Network (ILN), a member-driven concept and effort to help members develop and market non-traditional logistics-type services. The resources managed in logistics can include physical items, such as food, materials, equipment, liquids, and staff, as well as abstract items, such as time, information, particles and energy. The logistics of physical items usually involve the integration of information flow, material handling, production, packaging, inventory, transportation, warehousing and often security.VIEW
IAM President's Message - Feb 7, 2014
International Association of Movers President Terry Head talks about his vision for the association and the many resources available to members.VIEW
IAM members like to move. At the 2013 Conference, a group rented motorcycles and cars for a day trip to Whistler Mountain.VIEW
Hall of Honor inductees' careers reflect exceptional and distinguished service to their companies, IAM, or the Industry as a whole.VIEW
Annual IAM-YP Soccer Tournament
Europe (and others) defend their title against the Unites States (and others). Guess who wins!VIEW
IAM 2013 / Santa Fe Group 10th Annual Charity Run/Walk
IAM gets together to run for the benefit of Breast Cancer Research.VIEW
IAM Reflections ... Women and IAM
IAM members reflect on the role of women in the international moving business and in the IAM.VIEW
IAM members reflect on the role of technology in the business of international moving.VIEW
Social Media and Mobile Device Strategies
It's the New Normal for the online world: Social Media and mobile devices.VIEW
IAM's Annual Meeting is the most important event in the industry. You'll meet your colleagues from across the globe and have a good time too.VIEW
Members of the International Association of Movers discuss the benefits of attending IAM's Annual Meeting and Exhibition.VIEW
IAM Reflections... Ethics and RPP
IAM members reflect on the importance of ethics.VIEW


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Sophia Knight's Kiss & Tell with Ashley Emma
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text: [ Meet Our Pet Of The Week Bootsie By Monk August 2, 2013 Each week 95.3 The Bear teams up with the Alabama Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ALSPCA) to try and find homes for dogs & cats in our area. Read More Category: Community, Local News Tags: Pet of the Week Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


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Selecting the NL East's One-Quarter Mark All-Star TeamMay 15, 2013
Selecting the NL East's One-Quarter Mark All-Star Team
With a quarter of the season in the books, the National League East already has a number of standout performers.
The revamped Atlanta Braves have cooled off after an incredible start, but they still have many talented individuals on this list. On the other hand, the in-form Washington Nationals are now one game behind the Braves after a modest start.
The Philadelphia Phillies, New York Mets and Miami Marlins rank 3-4-5, respectively. Despite their struggles, all three teams have players well worthy of their spot on this list.
Here is the NL East's one-quarter mark All-Star team:
Starting Pitchers
1. Matt Harvey, NYM
2013 Stats: 4-0, 1.44 ERA, 0.73 WHIP
Matt Harvey has taken the country by storm this season.
Although the Mets have been bottom-feeders for years now, make no mistake about it: Harvey's the real deal.
In 56.1 innings, Harvey already boasts a 62/14 K/BB ratio, as well as an unbelievable 27 hits allowed. He has only allowed more than one earned run twice this season, proving how consistently dominant he has been.
In fact, Harvey's worst outing was arguably his most recent outing against a strong Pittsburgh Pirates lineup. But even on a bad day, Harvey can still will himself to throw seven innings for five hits and two earned runs.
As for the rest of the Mets pitching staff, they have not been so special. Of the five other Mets to start a game this season, the player with the next-best ERA is Jeremy Hefner at 4.61.
The Mets have something special in Harvey, and he is already one of the best in the game.
2. Jordan Zimmermann, WSH
2013 Stats: 7-1, 1.69 ERA, 0.87 WHIP
Jordan Zimmermann may not be as flashy as Harvey with his pitches, but Zimmermann has been just as good this season.
So far, Zimmermann has allowed just 42 hits and nine walks in 58.2 innings. Zimmermann is not a commanding pitcher, as his mere 39 strikeouts portrays, but he has unbelievable control and presence on the mound.
Zimmermann also has the unfortunate task of playing with two big headline-grabbers in Gio Gonzalez and Stephen Strasburg.
This season, though, Zimmermann has been the best of the trio. He is quietly having one of the best seasons in baseball.
3. Cliff Lee, PHI
2013 Stats: 4-2, 2.86 ERA, 1.08 WHIP
While the aging Phillies are struggling as a whole, the 34-year-old Cliff Lee continues to dazzle opponents.
Lee's strikeouts are down a bit, as he currently has 43 in 56.2 innings in 2013. But Lee has still allowed just 52 hits and an incredible nine walks so far. Thus, don't take his declining strikeout rate too seriously; Lee can still get the job done.
With Cole Hamels struggling and Roy Halladay imploding before his recent shoulder surgery, the Phillies really need Lee to step up all year.
Based on his current form, Lee looks set for another superb year.
4. Mike Minor, ATL
2013 Stats: 5-2, 2.75 ERA, 0.97 WHIP
Mike Minor was one of the best pitchers in the second half of 2012, and he is picking up right where he left off.
In last year's second half, Minor was 6-4 with a 2.16 ERA and 0.87 WHIP in 87.1 innings. This season, Minor's numbers are almost identical. Minor also has a respectable 42 strikeouts in 52.1 innings so far, which is above his normal output.
Minor's seven home runs allowed are a bit worrying, but he has still been fantastic thus far for a first-place Braves team.
5. Kevin Slowey, MIA
2013 Stats: 1-3, 2.55 ERA, 1.14 WHIP
The Marlins may be on their way to a 100-loss season, but Kevin Slowey is certainly doing his part to prevent that.
In 49.1 innings, Slowey only has 36 strikeouts but has also allowed just 45 hits and 11 walks.
Aside from Slowey's lone victory, where the Marlins erupted for 14 runs, Slowey has never had a cushion to work with. The Marlins have scored more than two runs just once in Slowey's starts, and even then they only managed three runs.
That makes it even tougher to work as a pitcher, so Slowey's strong start is even more impressive. He has been a bright spot on an embarrassing Marlins season.
6. Stephen Strasburg, WSH
2013 Stats: 1-5, 3.10 ERA, 1.18 WHIP
Stephen Strasburg has not lived up to his unbelievable expectations so far, but he has still had a strong season.
Aside from one bad outing, Strasburg has been dominant. He has recorded 51 strikeouts and just 15 walks in 49.1 innings. If you take away the one bad outing, Strasburg's numbers improve to a 2.25 ERA and a 1.02 WHIP.
Strasburg will likely find a groove and improve on his command, especially on the five home runs he has already allowed. He will also likely improve on his terrible winning percentage to begin the season, especially on such a strong Nationals team.
When that time comes, Strasburg should find himself near the top of the actual All-Star ballot in July.
Rafael Soriano, WSH
2013 Stats: 17 G, 2.12 ERA, 0.94 WHIP, 12 SV
After a breakout season with the New York Yankees in 2012, Rafael Soriano has been spectacular with his new team and new league.
Soriano is currently tied for second in the NL in saves with 12. He also has a 14/3 K/BB ratio in 17.0 innings. Furthermore, take away Soriano's only blown save this season, and his numbers become a 1.13 ERA and 0.88 WHIP.
Soriano will continue to pile up saves in bunches on the successful Nationals team. He is an All-Star at the quarter-season mark and likely by mid-season as well.
Cory Gearrin, ATL
2013 Stats: 21 G, 1.08 ERA, 0.96 WHIP
The Braves have the fourth-best bullpen in the majors, and Cory Gearrin is a big part of it.
In 21 games, Gearrin has allowed just two earned runs and two walks in 16.2 innings. Gearrin only has 14 strikeouts, but he makes up for it with a .196 BAA.
Gearrin does not have the name pedigree as other NL East relievers, but Gearrin arguably has been the most reliable reliever in baseball.
Catcher: Evan Gattis, ATL
2013 Stats: .252/.298/.532, 10 2B, 7 HR, 20 RBI
After John Buck's recent cooldown, Evan Gattis has overtaken him as the top NL East catcher.
Gattis' numbers have also cooled down, but Gattis still has a higher on-base percentage and slugging percentage, as well as seven more doubles and five fewer strikeouts.
Players like Yadier Molina or Buster Posey will likely win the vote to the All-Star team for the entire National League. But Gattis has been the best NL East catcher so far, especially since this is his first major league exposure.
The 26-year-old rookie is on his way to a fantastic career, and his rookie season is just the beginning.
First Base: Freddie Freeman, ATL
2013 Stats: .289/.355/.402, 5 2B, 2 HR, 19 RBI
Freddie Freeman has roughly 30 fewer at-bats than the other regular first basemen, but Freeman is still far and away the best one this season.
Ryan Howard has slugged six home runs, but he is still hitting just .250 and striking out in bunches. Adam LaRoche is uncharacteristically hitting .210 so far, while Ike Davis has been an embarrassment.
Freeman should improve on his power numbers and pull away even further from the rest of the NL East as the season drags on.
There is no question about this choice.
Second Base: Chase Utley, PHI
2013 Stats: .289/.344/.514, 7 2B, 2 3B, 7 HR, 24 RBI, 4 SB
While fellow teammate Ryan Howard has struggled since his 2012 return from injuries, Chase Utley has flourished.
Utley has been the all-around talent that he was before various injuries. He is able to hit for average and power, and based on the four stolen bases his speed is still a factor. Utley has also drawn a respectable 13 walks in 39 games.
This race was a bit closer than the previous ones.
Daniel Murphy was the only other choice. However, his amazing .357 batting average in late April has since dropped to .272. And without Monday's 3-for-4 game against the Cardinals, that average dropped all the way to .258.
Phillies fans should be happy to see a healthy Utley again. Utley was the best second baseman in the league not so long ago, and he may reclaim that title again this season.
Third Base: David Wright, NYM
2013 Stats: .295/.412/.516, 6 2B, 3 3B, 5 HR, 24 RBI, 7 SB
After a nine-figure contract extension, David Wright has had even more expectations thrust upon him this season.
By all accounts, he has lived up to every one.
Wright has been the model of consistency this season. He has never gone three straight games without a hit, and has only had consecutive hitless games three times so far. In two of those instances, Wright got three hits and two extra-base hits the following day.
Wright's next-closest competition is Michael Young. Young has an impressive .310 batting average, but his anemic .395 slugging percentage drops him below Wright for now.
Wright is the face of the Mets for the next decade, and he is far and away the best NL East third baseman so far.
Shortstop: Ian Desmond, WSH
2013 Stats: .295/.318/.534, 13 2B, 2 3B, 6 HR, 17 RBI, 4 SB
Ian Desmond has quietly been one of the biggest offensive surprises in all of baseball.
In 147 at-bats, Desmond already has 21 extra-base hits, including 13 doubles. Desmond does have an unfortunate 37/6 K/BB ratio, but that can be forgiven with the kind of offensive production he is providing.
Even though Desmond hit .292 with a 20-20 season in 2012, this season is still better than his normal output. That is how incredible Desmond has been so far.
Desmond's only other competition is Jimmy Rollins. Rollins has an impressive 11 doubles, but he is hitting just .248 with a .296 on-base percentage.
Desmond is on his way to a superb season, and he is one of the most powerful shortstops in the league.
Left Field: Justin Upton, ATL
2013 Stats: .289/.395/.644, 7 2B, 1 3B, 13 HR, 23 RBI, 3 SB
This is one of the toughest decisions so far.
Justin Upton, who has oozed raw potential for years, is well on his way to the long-awaited breakout season.
On the other hand, the phenom Bryce Harper has been having an outstanding sophomore season.
Harper does have a .303 batting average, but Upton is just edging him in many offensive categories, including hits, runs, walks, doubles, home runs, RBI and stolen bases. But Upton has also had 16 more at-bats and 18 more strikeouts than Harper. Harper could easily catch up in all of those stats with an even number of at-bats.
Nonetheless, Upton is currently running away with the league lead in home runs.
He has been one of the best players in all of baseball, and he is the starting left fielder for the All-Star team at the one-quarter mark.
Center Field: Denard Span, WSH
2013 Stats: .277/.344/.350, 6 2B, 2 3B, 0 HR, 11 RBI, 5 SB
Despite the poor slugging percentage, Denard Span has put together a solid season so far for the Nationals.
Span is providing consistency in the outfield since the departure of Michael Morse. After hitting a solid .276 in April, Span is keeping up that pace, hitting .282 in May.
Span does not have too much competition. Justin Ruggiano surprisingly has seven home runs and five stolen bases, but he is hitting .223 with 39 strikeouts. B.J. Upton is hitting .151, and has been essentially the opposite of brother Justin this season.
The Nationals acquired another quality ballplayer in Span, and he is already paying dividends this season.
Right Field: Jayson Werth: WSH
2013 Stats: .260/.308/.400, 2 2B, 4 HR, 10 RBI, 2 SB
Right field is possibly the weakest position in this division. Jayson Werth, despite a down year for him so far, is still performing the best.
Werth should improve drastically as the season progresses. He is hitting .282 against righties and .316 as a cleanup hitter. Once his batting average climbs back up, the power numbers will come.
Werth has no real competition for this victory. Giancarlo Stanton is an incredible talent, but he is struggling without any other Marlins hitters to back him up. Meanwhile, every other team has used right field unsuccessfully as a platoon position, with a right-handed and left-handed batter.
The only exception is the Braves. Their phenom, Jason Heyward, has hit a disappointing .121 so far and is currently recovering from an appendectomy.
Right field is not the strongest NL East position, but Werth has stood out among the rest.
Stats and Notes via: MLB.com, ESPN.com


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The 35 Best Nike KD Releases In History
August 7, 2014 BY Sneaker News / 4 / 5
It's hard to ignore all the chatter going on regarding Kevin Durant's undecided allegiance to a sneaker brand. It's still a tug-of-war of sorts between Nike and Unde...Read More
Nike Zoom KD IV "Scoring Title" – Release Reminder
July 20, 2012 BY John Kim / 5 / 5
It's safe to say that the 2012 year has been one of Kevin Durant's best of his life. A third-straight scoring title was followed by a trip to the NBA Finals (still an admir...Read More
Nike Zoom KD IV "Scoring Title" – Detailed Images
July 7, 2012 BY John Kim / 0 / 5
Kevin Durant's a baller. Yes, that sounds wildly obvious, but in a recent interview with ESPN, Durant was hungry for more basketball and couldn't wait to get the Olympic fe...Read More
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Nike Zoom KD IV "Scoring Title" – Available Early on eBay
June 25, 2012 BY John Kim / 5 / 5
While the Playoffs didn't particularly end in Durant's favor, the same can't be said for the regular season, as Durant finished off a three-peat of NBA Scoring Titles...Read More
Nike Zoom KD IV "Scoring Title" – Release Date
June 24, 2012 BY Brendan Dunne / 0 / 5
We already served you up with a retrospective of the LeBron vs Durant thing looking at the course of the last season, and while their on court battle is finished there's still a ...Read More
Nike Zoom KD IV 'Scoring Title'
May 26, 2012 BY John Kim / 0 / 5
At the end of the 2012 NBA Season, Kevin Durant joined one of the most exclusive clubs in the league's history – the NBA Scoring Title 'Three-peat' crew. Nike i...Read More


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November 18, 2016 |
Lucid Fly Take On The A-Z Challenge | Interview
Lucid Fly Take On The A-Z Challenge | Interview
November 18, 2016 |
Lucid Fly are breathing some life into prog rock by combining it with alternative and dark rock, creating a blend of interesting and creative tracks. Debut album Building Castles in Air was released on November 11. We asked frontwoman Nikki Layne to take on our A-Z challenge.
A song that made you want to make music?
Well, how about an entire album…Aenima by Tool. When I first heard those songs, they blew my mind!
Best rider you've ever had?
We haven't had a notable rider yet but we had some real nice treatment on the PNAS cruise. It was very cool to hang in the artist-only dining area alongside some of our idols.
Craziest moment you've experienced in the band?
We were touring the Midwest in the winter of 2004 – we were driving through North Carolina (on the way home to Florida at the time) and we hit some black ice on the interstate in a van that we rented and we hit a semi-track and slid off into the median. Everyone was fine (including our gear) but the van was totalled and there were so many other accidents on the freeway that the tow truck driver dropped us off at a gas station and left us to fend for ourselves! Luckily, we had a friend whose family lived at that exact exit and they picked us up and took us in for 3 days until we got everything sorted!
Deepest lyric one of your songs features?
Ribbons – "Wrapped in bandages protecting myself from the outside, cutting one by one…ribbons…in a ceremony for myself"
Easiest song you wrote?
Mascot – we wrote it after we got back from a cruise in 2014 and it all just fell into place.
Favourite song in your set?
Come on that's too hard... always the newest one! But depending on the mood:
Waiting or Paperthin or Ribbons.
Guest you'd most like to feature on your record?
I would love to feature any (or all!) of these singers: Maynard James Keenan, Daniel Tompkins, Ian Kenny, Kim Benzie, Imogen Heap or Nina Ramsby. Too tough to pick just one!
Hardest thing about being in a band?
It's expensive! Recording, touring, rehearsal studio rent, upgrading gear, buying merch…every little thing adds up.
Tags: A-Z Questionnaire,


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1283 A.D. - Edward I is in the midst of his campaign to tame the Welsh, but rising from the chaos is a Welsh knight known as the Serpent. Bhrodi ap Gaerwen de Shera is a warrior of tremendous range and power. Descended from the kings of Anglesey on his mother's side and the earls of Coventry on his father's, Bhrodi is in the unique position of having Welsh royalty and English nobility. Edward knows he must make an alliance with de Shera. With that in mind, Edward calls upon the mightiest warrior of the north, the legendary William de Wolfe, to pledge one of his daughters to de Shera. William is honored by the king's calling; he pledges his youngest daughter, Lady Penelope Adalira de Wolfe, to be the Serpent's bride. But the Lady Penelope is no ordinary woman; raised by knights, she has been trained by the best and, in spite of her mother's protests, she fights like a knight. Exquisitely beautiful with dark hair and hazel eyes, she is an unearthly beauty and a fine legacy for the mighty de Wolfe. But Penelope has no desire to be a bartered bride and she resists the king's directive, but her reluctance is futile. Join Bhrodi and Penelope as they journey through a world where the greed of men breeds great hatred yet great valor. When Bhrodi is injured in a skirmish, Penelope steps in for her husband to lead the Serpent's men against the hated English and realizes she must face her own father on the battlefield. Will Penelope survive The Wolfe? Or will The Serpent's strike become her very own, conquering those she loves?
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Unique, unexpected, entertaining.
None, that I can think of.
Lady Penelope Adalira de Wolfe, youngest daughter of the legendary William de Wolfe.
Serpent kept my interest all the way through.
- Lady M
Wonderful story!
- Virginia


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Francesca is responsible for managing IDMC's digital media channels and media relations as well as contributing to the overall communications strategy. She is passionate about communications and how new and traditional media can help to raise awareness and promote dialogue.
Prior to joining IDMC in 2016, Francesca worked in Switzerland, UK and Italy covering various communications roles for both the private and non-profit sector. She holds a MA in Political Science and Sociology.


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- Description
These sleek, minimal slides can make the leap from poolside to party. The men's adidas Duramo Slides have a plain design and are made of single-piece moulded EVA with a comfy textured footbed.
adidas Duramo Slide Mens
- Single-piece moulded EVA soft slide
- Textured footbed for comfort
- Injected EVA outsole for lightweight comfort
Style #110390
- Reviews


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Be the first MLive.com user to add photos or videos of Brew Ha Ha
Joyce, the owner & barista, is funny, warm and sure to make your day- with your favorite cup of coffee! They offer sandwiches, soups and don't forget to try her quiche! You can buy coffee beans (ground or whole) and she offers handmade, cute seasonal gift baskets at incredibly reasonable prices. She also will do catering orders of goodies and...
Great coffee shop! They offer more than just coffee. Fresh soups made daily along with muffins and various pastries. Drive thru is a bonus!
Brew Ha Ha is located at 920 Broadway St, Niles, MI. This business specializes in Restaurants and has 1 review(s) with a star rating of 4.3.


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Police Pocket Watch Policeman with Chain Vintage Style
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I also have this pocket watch for the military, fire dept., and other varieties. You can also get this item customized with your own personal message. Contact me to find out how.
Comes gift wrapped.
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Turning 29
Beirut Travel Blog› entry 562 of 658 › view all entries
When i left home in 2006 i really hadn't envisaged that my trip would last so long, but today marked my third birthday whilst been on the road. Another chalk mark on the blackboard of life and another tantalising step closer to thirty. I'm sure most people don't feel their age, and i am no different, i just can't comprehend that i am now 29 years old! The thing is i don't act it and i am told that i don't look it, so maybe my birth certificate is wrong? I prefer to adhere to the saying that "You are only as old as the woman you feel", so thank goodness Julia is only 24. Maybe Michael Jackson also sticks to this policy, as a preventative method to his nose and other body parts falling off, although you would have to replace the word woman with boy.
Last year i had spent my birthday in Taipei, and it seemed hard to believe that so much time had passed since then. I'm sure i will be sat somewhere in one years time, puzzled at the fact that Beirut seemed like yesterday and not 365 days ago! I always remember my Dad telling me "The older you get, the faster that time goes", and from my perspective this is one of the most accurately annoying pieces of advice that he has ever given me.
The plan for the day was to go to the Chouf Mountains, so we had a large breakfast of cereal, omelet, some home made Lebanese breads with fillings and tea, which we hoped would give us plenty of energy for all the walking that was scheduled. Sadly no sooner had we left the door than the heavens opened and we were drenched before we made it to the end of the street, so retreated back to Ahmad's apartment, like a couple of drowned rats.
I was in no mood to spend my birthday wet and cold, so i made the decision that i would rather spend the day relaxing indoors, as we hadn't had the chance to do this since Aleppo. Luckily their was Manchester United 1-4 Liverpool on the TV and i must confess that this had been part of my reason for wanting to stay at home! I also followed Leeds United via the internet and i was delighted that we won 1-0 against Swindon Town. The rest of the time Julia and I played backgammon and we both won once race to five, so honours were even and both our prides were still in tact :)
In the evening Ahmad kindly volunteered to cook dinner for us and made Lasagna and a traditional Lebanese dish consisting of meatballs in a sauce with rice. Dessert came in the shape of two scrumptious cakes, one made of chocolate and éclairs and the other from cream and fruit. It would be fair to say that i was full to bursting by the time i had finished!
Actually, the reason why we had two birthday cakes was because by some stroke of luck, it was also Yunata's (the maid) 20th birthday today, although her passport says she is 25. Supposedly Indonesians fake their documents to make them look older, so as they can leave the country to work from a younger age. I am quite disconcerted that people can tamper with such important documents so easily. But on the plus side, it should be quite easy to disappear somewhere, once i have robbed a bank to fund my next trip ;)
With food out of the way, Ahmad offered to drive us around the town to see what Beirut's famous nightlife was all about. As Julia is no longer drinking, Ahmad doesn't drink and I'm only having the odd drink here and there, i decided that i didn't really want to go to and bar and be the only one drinking. On top of this i was surprised that the price of a beer was somewhere between $6 and $8, which is way more than i pay in England.
In the end we just drove down the main strip of wine bars and in all truth i found them thoroughly unappealing. I expected a more vibrant atmosphere, which may have persuaded me into leaping from the car and diving into the nearest watering hole, but i didn't see any such place, so we headed back home to watch a Lebanese film, before calling it a night. Maybe not the most exciting of birthdays, but one i enjoyed nevertheless.


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Welcome to
In business, promoting growth and success may mean reducing costs, increasing market share or innovating new products or services.
LearnMe is a human capital solutions consultancy firm that provides cost effective service offerings.
We empower and enable all businesses to fund, train and educate their own human capital in order to be more effective in the execution of their functions.
Skills Development
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Did You Know?
report to the relevant SETA before the 30th of April each year..
If an organisation employs 50 or more employees and / or the annual turnover meets or exceeds the level stated in Schedule 4 of the Employment Equity Act, then employers must submit Employment Equity Reports (EEA2, EEA4 and the Equity Plan) to the Department of Labour.
Contravention of the Employment Equity Act may result in fines and penalties up to R2,7 million.


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Grand View Inn and Suites
Select your stay dates to check availability
Grand View Inn and Suites
About the hotel
Property Location
With a stay at Grand View Inn and Suites, you'll be centrally located in Branson, steps from Tanger Outlets and minutes from Andy Williams Moon River Theater. This hotel is within close proximity of Hall of Fame Theater and Branson 76 Mall.
Make yourself at home in one of the 77 air-conditioned rooms featuring refrigerators and LCD televisions. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and digital programming is available for your entertainment. Private bathrooms with shower/tub combinations feature deep soaking bathtubs and complimentary toiletries. Conveniences include desks and microwaves, and housekeeping is provided daily.
Rec, Spa, Premium Amenities
Don't miss out on recreational opportunities including an outdoor pool and a fitness center. This hotel also features complimentary wireless Internet access, a fireplace in the lobby, and tour/ticket assistance.
For your convenience, a complimentary breakfast is served daily.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include a business center, a computer station, and a 24-hour front desk. Planning an event in Branson? This hotel has facilities measuring 600 square feet (54 square meters), including a meeting room. Free self parking is available onsite.
Hotel Facilities
- Fireplace in lobby
- Business center
- 24-hour front desk
- Free self parking
- Total number of rooms - 77
- Pool sun loungers
- Conference space size (feet) - 600
- Outdoor pool
- Smoke-free property
- Number of floors - 4
- Computer station
- Elevator/lift
- Coffee/tea in lobby
- Free breakfast
- One meeting room
- Fitness facilities
- Conference space size (meters) - 54
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Free WiFi
- Pool umbrellas
Room Facilities
- Free local calls
- Air conditioning
- Microwave
- Coffee/tea maker
- Refrigerator
- Shower/tub combination
- Daily housekeeping
- Iron/ironing board
- Premium bedding
- Desk
- Digital TV service
- Free toiletries
- Deep soaking bathtub
- Free WiFi
- Hair dryer
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Private bathroom
- Separate bedroom
Hotel Policy
Know Before You Go
- Children 16 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding.


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Results 1 to 4 of 4
05-31-06, 12:03 #1Registered User
- Join Date
- May 2006
- Location
- Posts
- 30
Unanswered: VBA code that will import a forever changing file.
Greetings again. I have started to read thru a number of the posts to learn more about Access and it's been helpful except for the heavy duty VBA discussions. As for myself, I've been geting away with easy do.cmd codes but now I like to go one step ahead.
I created a macro and turned it into VBA Code. It works and even I was impressed. It reads like this.
Function mcrImport()
On Error GoTo mcrImport_Err
DoCmd.TransferText acImportDelim, "Citibank Import specification", "tblUploadFromCitiTest", "c:\checking.csv", False, ""
Exit Function
MsgBox Error$
Resume mcrImport_Exit
End Function
So, here my problem. My import file changes daily. i.e. the file will always start as follows checking_ and followed by today's date. So it reads like this checking_05312006.csv. Tomorrow it will read checking_06012006.csv
Instead of always having to always rename my file and save it with the same name all the time I like to add vba code to take in the file automatically taking into consideration of the new name.
I read a earlier post and figured I could use an "&" a Date function but that didn't work.
Well, I appreciate any ideas or direction from anyone.
Thank you,
P.S. I just love this beer tapping smiley faces. Cyberspace beer for everyone! On me!
05-31-06, 12:31 #2Registered User
- Join Date
- Oct 2003
- Posts
- 21
Try something like......
Function mcrImport()
On Error GoTo mcrImport_Err
Dim dFileDate As Date
Dim sFileDate As String
Dim sFileName As String
'Get the file date from the user
dFileDate = CDate(InputBox("Please Enter File Date mm/dd/yy", "Enter Date"))
'Change the user input to mmddyyyy format
sFileDate = Format(dFileDate, "mmddyyyy")
'Build the file name
sFileName = "checking_" & sFileDate & ".csv"
'Import the file
DoCmd.TransferText acImportDelim, "Citibank Import specification", "tblUploadFromCitiTest", sFileName, False, ""
Exit Function
MsgBox Error$
Resume mcrImport_Exit
End Function
Note there is no user input data checking involved there, that is something you would need to add.
05-31-06, 12:53 #3Cavalier King Charles
- Join Date
- Dec 2002
- Location
- Préverenges, Switzerland
- Posts
- 3,740
if you are confident that the file will always be there, and the user's clock will always be on the correct day, you don't need the user input
sFileDate = Format(dFileDate, "mmddyyyy")
sFileDate = Format(Now(), "mmddyyyy")
and you don't need the inputbox() line
izycurrently using SS 2008R2
05-31-06, 14:14 #4Registered User
- Join Date
- May 2006
- Location
- Posts
- 30
Thank you Gussery and Cavalier! Both codes together works like a charm! I have made a note in the procedure giving you both credit.
'Kudos to Gussery and Cavalier from DBForums for making this code possible!!


text:
National Book Award, Young People's Literature, 2011
Vietnam-born author Thanhha Lai bursts onto the literary scene with Inside Out & Back Again—her National Book Award-winning debut. Written in rich, free-verse poems, this moving tale follows a young Vietnamese girl as she leaves her war-torn homeland for America in 1975. With Saigon about to fall to the communists, 10-year-old Hà, her mother, and brothers are forced to flee their beloved city and head to the United States. But living in a new country isn't easy for Hà, and she finds adapting to its strange customs ever challenging.
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The experience of a refugee in America
Many students in the United States know the pain and loneliness of being the "new kid" at a school. But most Americans move from one city to another, or one state to another—not one country to another, and one culture to another. But reading allows children to learn about experience they've never had. And really good books allow children to feel the feelings described. Inside Out And Back Again is one of those tales. One can't read it without changing as a person because the reader truly feels the feelings of Ha, the main character.
The story begins in Saigon, Viet Nam just before the city falls in the early 1970's. Ha, her mother and brothers flee the country and are sponsored by an American family in Alabama. The first half of the story takes place in Viet Nam and the second half takes place in the US.
Ha goes through are real human emotions as she navigates the types of things all kids must endure when they are thrust into a new situation, only Ha experiences them a much greater extreme.
This is a wonderful story, well written, emotionally tight. Fifth through seventh graders will enjoy it.
Ha suffers the prejudice and crulty of the children at her school. She suffers the confusion of not knowing the language. And she muddles through the difficulties of having to eat unfamiliar foods and missing the treats she enjoyed in her native land. She also experiences the kindness of neighbors and learns the wonder of building new friendships.
- SunshineAndRain
Shouldn't be a children's book


text:
Washington, July 10 (ANI): Farmers in the Philippines will soon have nutrient management advice tailored specifically to their rice crops delivered to their mobile phones.
Dr. Roland Buresh, part of the International Rice Research (IRRI) team, said that after responding to a series of simple questions about their rice paddy, farmers would receive an automated text reply recommending what amounts, sources, and timings of fertilizer are needed for profitable rice production in their paddy.
To help understand changes in rice production, IRRI's mapping team has published a map of rice-growing regions in South Asia for this season. They will compare maps from different years to identify new rice production areas and areas where rice is replaced by other land uses.
Just keeping up production in the MERCOSUR (Southern Common Market) region of South America responsible for 85% of the continent's rice production is a challenge this season, with adverse weather conditions causing production to drop an average of 8% since last season.
The weather is also upsetting North American rice production, where rains in California are predicted to reduce the crop there.
Despite changes in rice production, "In the last few months, global rice prices have fallen by more than 25%," said Dr. Sam Mohanty. In his Rice Mohanty also emphasized the need to boost rice yields by 1.2-1.5% every year to ensure food security in Asia.
This was published in the July-September 2010 edition of Rice Today. (ANI)


text:
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Bio & Incident Details
Age: 40
Tour: 16 years
Badge # Not available
Cause: Fall
Location: Maine
Incident Date: 9/6/1969
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Border Patrol Inspector Henley Goode succumbed to injuries sustained one month earlier when he fell down a stair case at the U.S. Post Office in Fairfield, Maine.
He was leaving his office on the second floor of the Post Office when the incident occurred.
Inspector Goode had served with the United States Border Patrol for 16 years.


text:
Mask bong\n
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Bongs and pipes usually are meant to supply users with fewer harmful smoke. These are generally actually selection devices used to be able to smoke tobacco, marijuana and other psychotropic drugs. The fumes is filtered simply by water in fact it is told me the intensity of the drug is reduced greatly in the next blocked via bong, pipe, vaporizer or other such filtering device.
A reasonably large amount of people make use of bongs and pipes just because they usually are meant to will help affect in the drug used. There are several pipes wholesale sellers and also retailers on the market that offer bongs and pipes.
Although not legitimately allowed to make use of such devices in most countries but people continue to use them over a mass. The thing is how effective are these filtering devices and is it really safe to use a bong or a pipe or a water pipe for smoking tobacco and other drugs?


text:
Latest industry research report on: Fatty Liver Disease Market | Industry Size, Share, Research, Reviews, Analysis, Strategies, Demand, Growth, Segmentation, Parameters, Forecasts
Fatty liver disease (FLD) comprises a spectrum of chronic liver disorders characterized by excessive lipid accumulation in the liver (steatosis), which may lead to inflammation (steatohepatitis) and fibrosis. It has the potential to progress to end-stage liver diseases such as cirrhosis, liver cancer and liver failure, and is also associated with numerous complications and co-morbidities, including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. FLD can be divided into non-alcoholic FLD (NAFLD) and alcoholic FLD (AFLD), depending on the patent's history of alcohol use.
FLD is the most common chronic liver disease in the world, and its global prevalence has increased rapidly in the past several decades. The worldwide prevalence of FLD is estimated at 20–45% in the general population, and up to 90% in obese patients. There is a broad consensus to describe the condition as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, and it is closely associated with obesity, diabetes and dyslipidemia. NAFLD has become the main driver of the rapid growth of FLD prevalence, mainly due to the rising prevalence of obesity.
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FLD is increasingly recognized as a major global health problem. However, despite this the FLD market is still in its infancy, with no FDA-approved drugs for this indication, and only a limited number of generic drugs approved in non-US markets in recent years.
Due to the increasing health burden of FLD and the lack of therapeutic options, there is a pressing need to develop pharmacological strategies. This is especially the case for patients with steatohepatitis, who are at the greatest risk of developing cirrhosis or liver cancer, which can lead to liver failure. Due to the pathophysiological complexity of FLD and its diverse population, different therapeutic agents are likely to be needed to tackle the lipotoxicity, inflammation and fibrogenesis that drive FLD progression.
FLD has an active pipeline and first-in-class products account for a considerable proportion, which is very promising considering the level of unmet need and lack of approved treatment options. First-in-class innovation is concentrated heavily at the early drug development stages, and prominent first-in-class molecular targets include nuclear receptors, immune mediators, and molecules involved in lipid synthesis. Additionally, the first-in-class targets identified show considerable diversity, reflecting the multifaceted aspects of FLD pathophysiology.
FLD comprises a diverse patient population with significant unmet needs
What is the pathophysiology of FLD?
What are the common co-morbidities and complications?
What are the most significant unmet needs within the market?
The FLD pipeline is relatively large and has a high degree of first-in-class innovation
Which molecule types and molecular targets are most prominent within the pipeline?
Which first-in-class targets are most promising?
How does the ratio of first-in-class targets to first-in-class products differ by stage of development and molecular target class?
The FLD deal landscape shows rising deal volumes and considerable investment opportunities
Do FLD products attract high deal values?
Which molecule types and molecular targets dominate the deals landscape?
Which first-in-class pipeline products have no prior involvement in licensing or co-development deals?
Reasons to buy
This report will allow you to –
Appreciate the current clinical and commercial landscapes by considering disease pathogenesis, etiology, epidemiology, symptoms, co-morbidities and complications, and treatment options and algorithms.
Visualize the composition of the FLD market in terms of dominant classes of therapies. Key unmet needs are identified to allow a competitive understanding of gaps in the market.
Recognize innovative pipeline trends by analyzing therapies by stage of development, molecule type and molecular target.
Assess the therapeutic potential of first-in-class targets. Using a proprietary matrix tailored to FLD, all first-in-class targets in the pipeline have been assessed and ranked according to clinical potential. Promising early-stage targets have been further reviewed in greater detail.
Consider first-in-class pipeline products with no prior involvement in licensing and co-development deals that may represent potential investment opportunities.
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