text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|29 Aug 1972
|Filing date
|8 Sep 1970
|Priority date
|11 Sep 1969
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Bernard F Maitenaz
|Original Assignee
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (66), Classifications (9)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent Maitenaz 51 Aug. 29, 1972 [72] Inventor: Bernard F. Maitenaz, Joinville-Le- Pont, France [73] Assignee: Societe Des Lunetiers, Paris, France [22] Filed: Sept. 8, 1970 [21] Appl. No.: 70,405
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Sept. 11, 1969 France ..6930906 Feb. 9, 1970 France ..7004474 [52] US. Cl ..351/169, 351/177 [51] Int. Cl. ..G02c 7/06 [58] Field of Search ..351/169, 177; 350/189 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,475,275 7/1949 Birchall ..351/169 X 2,915,856 12/1959 Maitenaz ..35l/177X 2,878,721 3/1959 Kanolt ..351/169 Primary Examiner-David H. Rubin Attorney-Robert E. Burns and Emmanuel J. Lobato [57] ABSTRACT Ophthalmic lens having a progressively variable focal power and comprising a refracting surface consisting at least partly of a surface having an umbilical curve, so called progression umbilical curve, along which the radius of curvature evolves so as to provide the desired progressive variation of the focal power of said lens, wherein the section of said refracting surface taken along a plane orthogonal to the umbilical curve, for a specific plane, is substantially a circle, and for any other orthogonal plane a curve of which the radius of curvature increases or decreases in the direction away from said progression umbilical curve according as the radius of curvature of said progression umbilical curve at the point of the orthogonal plane involved is respectively smaller or greater than the radius of the substantially circular section.
9 Claims, 27 Drawing figures rmmcmucz mz 'v 3.681.528
' sum UlUF 12 miminwm svz 8.687.528
PATENTED Am; 29 m2 SHEET cu 0F 12 mmmzm I 3.687.528
' SHEET user 12 'PATENTEflAuszslsn sum O70F 12 Fgm PATENTEDA B 3.687.528
SHEET 080F 12 PATENTEU M1329 2, 3 687 528 SHEET 09 F 12 PATENTEDwszsmz 3,687,528 j SHEET 120F 12 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates in general to ophthalmic or spectacle lenses, and more particularly to lenses having a progressively varying focal power.
These lenses are used for compensating the partial sclerosis of the crystalline lens of the eye which prevents a normal close vision.
To compensate this visual defect, the lenses must have a focal power gradient permitting a continuous clear view of objects disposed at variable distances.
2. Description of the Prior Art Several lens types have already been proposed for correcting this defect of the crystalline lens.
A known proposition comprises a convex surface, for example of isostigmatic character, completed by a cylindrical concave surface.
Other lens types comprise an aspherical surface having an umbilical line, the other surface being in the known manner either spherical or toric, according to the prescription resulting from the specific ametropia of the spectacle wearer. An umbilic is a point of a surface whereat the two main radii of curvature are equal; in other words, in the vicinity of this point the surface is substantially spherical. An umbilical line is a curve of a surface of which each point is an umbilic, or in other words in the vicinity of this umbilical line the surface is substantially the envelope of spheres having for their radius the radius of curvature of the umbilical line at each one of its points.
As a rule, these lenses are characterized by a zone intended for distant vision and having a certain focal power, and by a zone intended for close vision and having a different focal power, the difference between these two power values being generally referred to as the power addition.
These lenses, whether they comprise one or two aspherical surfaces, meet their object in their central portion, the power varying progressively without allowing the aberrations to attain detrimental values.
However, in the lateral areas the astigmatism increases rapidly up to a value inconsistent with a proper vision of the observed objects.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is the essential object of the present invention to provide an ophthalmic lens having a gradually variable focal power, of which the surface is such that the lateral aberrations are strongly reduced without impairing the quality of the central vision, thus improving to a substantial degree the visual comfort of the wearer.
This invention is concerned primarily with an ophthalmic lens having a progressively varying focal power, which comprises a refracting surface consisting at least partly of a surface having an umbilical curve, so-called progression umbilical curve, along which the radius of curvature evolves so as to provide the desired progressive variation of the focal power of the lens, this decreases in the direction away from said progression umbilic according as the radius of curvature of said progression umbilical curve at the point containing said orthogonal plane is smaller or greater respectively than the radius of said substantially circular section.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other features characterizing this invention will appear as the following detailed description proceeds with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram concerning a lens having an umbilical meridian curve of progression;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the curve of variation in the focal power along the progression meridian of a progressive focal power lens of the prior art;
FIG. 3 is another diagram showing the aberrations distributed over the surface of prior art lenses, and
FIG. 4 shows the corresponding distortion;
FIG. 5 shows diagrammatically the evolution of the orthogonal sections of the meridian of the lens according to this invention;
FIGS. 6, 7, 8 and 9 are explanatory diagrams in connection with FIG. 5;
FIG. 10 illustrates in the case of a surface according to this invention which is generated by evolutive comics, the variation in the parameters a and b of said conics;
FIG. 11 illustrates the isoastigmatism curves of this lens;
FIG. 12 shows an object grid and,
FIG. 13 the distortion of the lens of this invention in comparison with said grid;
FIG. 14 illustrates the correction of the lateral distortion of the vertical lines, in the same grid;
FIG. 15 illustrates the distortion of a surface having one secondary umbilical curve and one line having a constant vertical prismatic effect;
FIG. 16 illustrates the arrangement of the lens elements of FIG. 15;
FIG. 17 is the equivalent of FIG. 10 in the practical example given herein;
FIG. 18 shows the reference sphere and the system of coordinates used for determining the surface of the above example;
FIG. 19 is a table giving the distances from said sphere to points disposed at spaced intervals on the surface of said exemplary lens;
FIG. 20 illustrates the relative arrangement of the remarkable optical elements of this example;
FIG. 21 shows the distortion of the grid of FIG. 12 seen through the exemplary lens;
FIG. 22 illustrates the half-table of the radii of curvature of the points concerned on the surface of the exemplary lens;
FIG. 23 shows the contour of the trimmed lens before fitting same into the wearers spectacle mounting by inclining the meridian;
FIG. 24 evidences the objectionable asymmetry in the distribution of the aberration zones, the lens being mounted with the meridian disposed vertically;
FIG. 25 illustrates the use of the lenses of this invention by a convergent sight in lateral vision;
FIG. 26 illustrates the obtaining of a surface according to this invention by juxtaposing two different halfsurfaces along their identical meridians of progression, and,
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The essential characteristic of the various progressive surfaces resides in a generally plane umbilical line MM (FIG. 1) along which the radius of curvature of the surface evolves according to a law capable of producing the desired continuous variation of the focal power of the lens.
This property will be better understood by studying the shape of the section of the surface taken along a main plane orthogonal to the osculating plane at the meridian MM.
Thus, at point A3 (FIG. 1), for instance, the plane L orthogonal to the assumedly plane meridian MM intersects the surface with a section C, C,
At A, the radius of section C, C, is equal to R the radius of curvature of the meridian MM at A, being also equal to R The surface element adjacent to said point A, will thus behave like a spherical surface element since its main radii are equal.
The same applies to points A, and A,, the radii of curvature varying gradually to R, at A, and R, at A,.
This general property is independent of the shape of meridian MM.
The shape of this meridian MM is subordinate only to the desired additional power between two specific points intended the one for distant vision and the other for close vision.
FIG. 2 illustrates a typical example of a focal power variation or gradient easily obtained by taking for MM a curve such as an involute of a circle.
The radii of curvature of the other face of the lens are selected to produce zero power at point A,, the power increasing gradually up to a value P, corresponding to the desired addition.
Of course, the rate of this additional power or power increment between distant vision and close vision may be modified by taking different curves as the meridian.
From a meridian determined according to the selected law of progression, the progressive surface may be considered as being the envelope of the main sections at each point of said meridian.
The first surfaces made according to this principle comprised circular sections.
The resulting surface may be easily imagined when a circle of variable radius is caused to slip along the meridian MM, the center of the circle merging at any moment into the centers of curvature of the meridian at the tangential point.
Thus, the variable circle will have a radius R, at A, and a radius R, at A,.
It is an easy matter to generate such surfaces, but they lead to lenses of which the aberrations are distributed as shown in FIG. 3.
The zone B comprising one-diopter or lower aberrations is compensated on either side of the meridian MM.
This zone is relatively wide at point A, but it narrows down at A, and become eventually very narrow at A The aberration zones F and F (having aberrations ranging between 1 and 2 diopters) have the same general disposition in relation to the meridian.
As to zones G and G of which the aberrations attain levels in excess of 2 diopters, they are localized in the 4 lower and central lateral portions of the lens.
The distortion given by the lens is another consequence of the aberrations described in FIG. 3, a grid comprising spaced horizontal and vertical lines (see FIG. 12) is seen through the entire lens surface, as shown in FIG. 4.
The horizontal lines of the grid are curved downwards and the vertical lines are curved sidewise, giving a distortion of the biconical-asymmetric type, an uncomfortable distortion since it gives an oblique vision of the verticals and produces a pitching effect when the wearer moves the head.
Other progressive surfaces have been developed from the same meridian by using different orthogonal sections, for example conic sections.
If the orthogonal sections utilized are parabolas, a distribution of the aberration illustrated in FIG. 3 will be slightly improved in the lower portion of the lens, but the resulting field is not sufficient, and on the other hand the distortion is very slightly reduced but still produces an objectionable effect of the same order.
According to the present invention, these defects are reduced to a great extent by adopting a surface wherein the sections orthogonal to MM evolve gradually between two separate groups, one inscribed in the osculating circle at the selected point of MM, the other exinscribed with respect to said osculating circle.
The surface thus defined has in general the appearance shown in FIG. 5. The meridian MM may be similar to the meridian MM of FIG. 1.
The sections 8, S, through the plane L orthogonal to the plane of meridian curve MM at point A is a curve external to the circle C, C, defined hereinabove with reference to FIG. 1.
In contrast thereto, the section S, S, at A, through the plane L, is a curve internal to the circle C, C, shown in FIG. 1. Since these main sections evolve gradually from the inscribed type above C, C, to the exinscribedtype below C, C,, it will be readily understood that a certain section located between these two types is comparable to a circle for all practical purposes, for example section C, C, at A,.
For any point A (FIG. 6) of the meridian the difference e between the section S of the surface and the corresponding circle C increases with the distance between point A and point A,.
This difference is 0 if point A lies above A, and 0 if it lies beneath (by convention, the difference is referred to as a negative one when it is directed towards the center of curvature).
The three sections at points A,, A, and A, are illustrated in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, respectively.
At A, the section is circular, the radius R, and the circle is C,.
At A, the osculating radius is R, but since the section is inscribed in the circle centered at C, the lateral radius decreases R, R,.
Therefore, the evolute of section S, S, has the shape of an arrow-head pointing upwards.
In contrast thereto, the radius of curvature of section 5,, S, which is equal to R at A, increases in the direction away from A (R R The evolute of section S S has the shape of an arrowhead but pointing downwards.
Under these conditions, in comparison with the surface shown in FIG. 1 the cross-sections of which consist of circles, the surface of the invention appears laterally as having a worn upper portion, while in fact it has an extra thickness in its lower portion.
The difference e between the surface section and the corresponding circle is negative in FIG. 7 and positive in FIG. 9.
As already explained in the foregoing a linear section 8 at a linear point A is characterized by lateral differences in relation to the circle which are positive or negative according as the point lies above or below the point of circular section, the passage from one group of sections to the other taking place gradually, without any discontinuity.
The running sections S may be of any type, for instance algebraic or not, but they must compulsorily have a radius of curvature along the meridian that complies with the law defined along the umbilical meridian curve MM.
By way of example, the case of a lens havinga twodiopter power addition and comprising sections S in the form of evolutive conics will now be described.
The lens power along the meridian (FIG. 6) has the following values respectively:
The corresponding radii of curvature of the meridian and the orthogonal sections are as follows:
R 82.02 mm R 78.37 mm R 66.50 mm, as shown in FIG. 6.
The running sections S located above A are ellipses, and the greater the distance between the point A contemplated and the point A the flatter the ellipse.
Thus, at point A the section is an ellipse characterized by two half axes a 15.1 mm and b 35.2
The radius of curvature at the center: b /a 82.02 mm R,.
In contrast thereto, the sections located below A are conical and the distances from these sections to the circle increase as the distance between said point and A increases.
At A the section is hyperbola characterized by a 125.8 mm and b, 91.50 mm. The radius of curvature at A is b /a =66.50 mm R Between A and A the sections evolve between the circle and the hyperbola through elongated ellipses and a parabola.
FIG. shows the manner in which the sections shown in FIG. 6 evolve. The vertical axis comprises the points A,, A A The horizontal axis permits of inscribing the evolution of the various parameters. The curve R illustrates the evolution of the osculating radius, curves a and b show the evolution of the horizontal and vertical half axes of the conic sections, respectively.
At A 0 b R the section is a flattened ellipse.
At A a b R the section is circular.
At A,,, a, b, R the section is an elongated ellipse.
At A,,, a and b 00 the section is a parabola.
At A 0 is negative i a i b;, R the section is an acute parabola.
At A a,[ b, R the section is an equilateral hyperbola.
Beyond A obtuse hyperbolas are obtained.
Under these conditions, the following domains may be ascertained:
A A domain of flattened ellipse.
A circular section.
A A domain of elongated ellipses.
A parabolic section.
A A domain of acute hyperbolas A equilateral hyperbola A A domain of obtuse hyperbolas.
In this example, therefore, the useful surface portion comprises evolutive conic sections changing gradually from the flattened ellipse in the upper portion to the obtuse hyperbolas in the lower portion, including along the range a circle, elongated ellipses, a parabola and acute hyperbolas. Of course, this example is given by way of illustration only but it will readily occur to those conversant with the art that the present invention includes all surfaces falling within the general definition, whether algebraic or other sections are utilized.
The above example is selected by taking as a progressive surface the convex surface of the lens R, R,).
It would not constitute a departure from this invention to use a concave progressive surface. In this case, the additional power is derived from a meridian having an increasing radius of curvature (R, R
Similarly, in the manufacture of organic lenses, the law of progression of the progressive surface of the mould must be reversed, but in either case the sections evolve gradually from sections inscribed in the osculating circles to exinscribed sections containing said osculating circles.
FIGS. 11 and 13 illustrate the results obtained with lenses having one surface formed according to the above description.
The aberrations are moved back towards the lateral lower zones (FIG. 11), thus freeing the useful zones D and D of considerably greater area and significance.
The fields available in distant vision, intermediate vision and close vision are widened considerably.
Similarly, the resultant distortion is strongly reduced (FIG. 13), thus improving the wearers comfort to a substantial degree. With the above-described lens an object as shown in FIG. 12 as seen with a distortion as shown in FIG. 13. The apparent position of the image Vl of an object-point VI depends on the orientation of the normal to the progressive surface at the point where the light beam penetrating into the wearers eye intersects the progressive surface. The ratio of the image segment Ul V'l to the object segment U1 V1 corresponds to the horizontal magnification Gx given by the lens at the point concerned (A, in this case). Similarly, the vertical magnification is given by the ratio of the corresponding segments, for example on the meridian, in the upper portion of the lens G (y) U '1 U2/ U 1 U2. Of course, the distribution of the magnifications depends on the focal power distribution and therefore on the evolution of the radii of curvature throughout the surface.
The advantageous feature characterizing these surfaces is that they produce a very reduced distortion, for the magnifications Gx at A and A are greater and smaller, respectively, than those given by, say, a circular-sectioned progressive surface, with the result that the ratio U lVl U 3V'3 approaches 1. It is also possible to cause 6 (x) at A to approximate G (.x) at A that is, with U1 V1 U3 V3, thus eliminating for all practical purposes the lateral distortion of the vertical lines (FIGS. 14).
The surfaces thus obtained will thus partly correct the distortion of verticals but leave unaltered the distortion of the horizontals and the relevant astigmatism.
To avoid these inconveniences, these surfaces are caused to display on the one hand a second or third umbilical curve in the vicinity of the distant-vision areas and close vision areas, respectively, and on the other hand one or a plurality of lines substantially normal or parallel to the umbilical curve of progression MM, i.e. extending substantially horizontally or vertically, respectively, when the lens is in position of use with its meridian MM extending substantially vertically, along which lines the prismatic effect has a constant vertical or horizontal component; in other words, the plane tangent to the surface at one of the points of these vertical or horizontal lines forms a constant angle with the osculating plane or the plane perpendicular to the osculating plane at the point of the umbilical curve of progression where the prismatic effect of the lens is zero, which is the optical center of said lens by definitron.
Although these secondary umbilical curves can be skew and oblique in most instances, reference will be made herein after to surfaces having umbilical curves plane and orthogonal to MM, in order to simplify the disclosure.
Thus, for example, a surface will be formed (FIG. 16) which admits firstly an umbilical curve IL in the distant-vision area, which intersects the meridian of progression at A and of which the radius of curvature will change gradually from A, to the lens edge whereby the lateral magnification will give (FIG. 15) a segment U" V", ofa length approaching as much as possible the length of U" V" Since these distant-vision areas E and E are close to LL, they will be free of important aberrations and the aberration zones FF 1 and GG will be transferred laterally and downwards. Furthermore, the same surface will have a line QQ orthogonal to MM (FIG. 16) at A along which the vertical component of the prismatic effect is constant. As a consequence, U"3 and V"3 is rectilinear. Thus, the rectangle U1 V1 U3 V3 (FIG. 12) will be seen substantially as another rectangle U" l V"1 V 3 U"3 (FIG. 15); the total reduction in the distortion im proves considerably the feeling of comfort of the wearer, the pitching effect disappearing completely.
Now the process for calculating and obtaining a lens having a progressively variable focal power, and the result thereof, will be described by way of example, this lens having an addition P3 P1 1.50 D and comprising, in addition to the umbilical meridian of progression MM (FIG. 20) two secondary umbilical lines rectangular thereto at A and A these umbilical lines being at the same time the lines along which the vertical component of the prismatic effect is constant, and finally two vertical lines (not shown in FIG. 20) parallel to the meridian MM, which are disposed symmetrically on either side of said meridian with V, 225, and giving a constant horizontal component of the prismatic effect.
As a first approximation this surface may be con sidered as being generated by a group of evolutive conic sections, as already explained in the foregoing, the variations in the parameters being given by the curves of FIG. 17, with, in addition, the complementary requirement that the curve giving the variation of R as a function of the position of point a (R being the radius of curvature of the meridian) admits a vertical tangent for A1 and A3, the secondary umbilical lines orthogonally intersecting said meridian at said point. To calculate this surface the following method is adhered to:
Firstly, the framework of the surface is determined by conventional optical calculations, said framework comprising in the selected example:
The profile of the meridian MM capable of providing the desired law of progression (FIG. 17). Since this meridian is of umbilical character, the desired surface is readily known in its vicinity.
The profile of the two secondary umbilical curves, given the preliminary requirement that for the two points equally spaced from the meridian MM, which points are defined by their spherical coordinates (V, +225, V, 9) and V, 225, V =l2) respectively, the lateral magnifications have an identical horizontal component; in other words, at these two points the normals to the surface must form equal angles with the plane of the main umbilical meridian MM. Having positioned these two secondary umbilical lines at the points where the radius of the meridian attains a maximum or minimum value, the-vertical component of the prismatic effect is constant along these lines, thus meeting automatically the requirement set beforehand.
Then a computer is used for calculating the families or groups of evolutive conic sections meeting the above-defined requirements, i.e., which include on the one hand the predetermined elements of the framework and admitting on the other hand, for two points of the secondary umbilical curves equally spaced from the meridian, normals forming identical angles with the plane of the main umbilical meridian.
This calculation of the surface is performed by taking as reference a basic sphere (FIG. 18) having in this example a radius of 76.80 mm, the surface being determined by a table of discrepancies in relation to said sphere, which discrepancies are counted on the radius passing through a great number of regularly spaced points denoted by their spherical coordinates V, and V,,.
For each group of curves giving the result contemplated the computer will give directly in the same reference system the diagram or map of the aberrations and the map of the distortions".
The choice, and possibly interpolations, are made for correcting the residual defects; under these conditions, the evolutive curves may cease to be simple curves, such as conics, for example.
Then the computer delivers for the selected surface a table displaying the discrepancies from the sphere in millimeters and possibly with all the necessary interpolations (FIG. 19).
From this table of discrepancies a model of the surface is cut from a block of special steel by using a diamond grinder reproducing by its wearing action the discrepancies appearing in the table of FIG. 19 at a great number of points. Then, this surface is reproduced in turn on a block of refracting material or on a block of material adapted to be used for making a mold for the commercial production of lenses by casting a suitable polymerizable material. This surface is subsequently lapped and polished by using a flexible polishing member.
The results obtained with this surface are shown in FIGS. 20 and 21. As this surface is symmetric in relation to the meridian MM, only one half thereof is shown and described in detail.
FIG. 20 is the diagram of aberrations. It will be seen that in both distant-vision and close-vision conditions a very wide lateral field is available; this lateral field is obtained by accepting aberrations in the upper region of the distant-vision area and in the lower region of the close-vision area, since they are not objectionable as a source of discomfort because as a rule most of them disappear during the final trimming of the lens before fitting same in a spectacle mounting; on the other hand, aberrations are formed on the horizontal diameter limiting the lateral field of vision in the intermediatedistance area of vision of the lens.
FIG. 21 shows how the grid of FIG. 12 is seen through this lens. It will be seen that this distortion is extremely reduced.
The following table gives the vertical component of the prismatic effect, expressed in radians, along two secondary umbilical lines denoted V,-= 9 and V, 12.
V, 45 9 l35 18 225 Vertical V,-=9 0.0021 0.0021 0.002l0.002l 0.0021 0.0021 deflexion V,=120.0l77 0.0l77 0.0l770.0177 0.0177 0.0177
It will be seen that this component is in fact constant along the two secondary umbilical curves, this accounting for the fact that the horizontal straight lines of the grid are not distorted in the vicinity of these curves.
The next table herebelow shows the horizontal component of the prismatic deflection, also expressed in radians along the meridian MM and along the curve corresponding to V 225.
Horizontal deflexion V, meridian V, 225 225 0 0.0186 18 0 0.0193 135 0 0.0198 9 0 0.0200 45 0 0.0198 0 0 0.0193 45 0 0.0186 9 0 0.0180 135 0 0.0179 18 0 0.0184 225 0 0.0191
Of course, this deflection is zero on the meridian MM which lies in the plane of symmetry of the surface, but it remains substantially constant and very moderate along the curve corresponding to V, 225, this accounting for the negligible grid distortion as clearly apparent in FIG. 21.
Referring now to the table of FIG. 22 giving for each point of the table of FIG. 19 the radii of curvature (in mm) of a surface thus obtained, it will be seen that this surface corresponds exactly to the definition of the present invention given hereinabove.
The substantially circular section is at V, and its radius approximates 70.30 mm.
Above said circular section the radius of the meridian MM increases and it will be seen that if V, 19 the radius of the umbilical curve in distant vision decreases in the direction away from the meridian MM, and below said circular section the radius of the meridian MM decreases; furthermore, it will be seen that if V, =12, corresponding to the close-vision umbilical curve the radius of curvature increases in the direction away from the meridian MM.
Of course, this example was selected because it combines into a same and single case a typical example each one of the specific features which may characterize a surface according to this invention. Therefore, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention; more particularly, it would not constitute a departure from the field of this invention to provide surfaces of the above-defined type comprising variable number of specific lines such as secondary umbilical curves or curves along which at least one of the components of the prismatic effect remains constant.
These surfaces will be uses as customary, i.e. with the meridian MM inclined to the vertical by an angle d of about 10 (FIG. 23). If surfaces symmetrical in relation to MM are used, difficulties may arise in the region of the upper temporal corner due to the presence of aberrations (F l In order to simplify the understanding of this invention the above description was made by assuming that the two portions of the lens, on either side of the meridian, are identical.
An arrangement according to the present invention which would be particularly advantageous as far as the reduction of these distant-vision aberration F1 is concerned consists in providing a refracting surface from a half-surface according to this invention, bounded by the plane of its secondary umbilic IL in distant vision, and completing the lens surface within the lens contour by effecting a symmetry on the discrepancy table in relation to the row of said table corresponding to said plane. This arrangement leads to the replacement of detrimental aberrations in the upper region of the lens (i.e. for distant vision) by a slight progression in the focal power, this progression being much better tolerated by the wearer who on the other hand is generally unaware of it.
Similarly, it would not constitute a departure from the scope of the present invention to obtain the refracting surface through successive symmetries about a suitably selected point of the surface according to this invention. I
Another solution for avoiding these aberrations F 1 consists in mounting the lens by keeping its meridian MM vertical as shown in FIG. 24. However, it is well known that when the user observes an object moving towards him the trace of the sighting axis of each eye on the lens associated therewith approaches the nose region. If it is desired to give the wearer the maximum field available it is necessary that, in the case of, say, a
horizontal movement i on the left-hand eye, to which corresponds a horizontal movement i of the right-hand eye (FIG. 25), with of course i i, the light beams of the two eyes meet on the lenses zones having the same optical characteristics, i.e. that the lens has an oblique symmetry in the horizontal direction, a feature not observed in the case shown in FIG. 24 (i j j j and k k,). This solution is therefore to be avoided. One is thus lead, without departing from the scope of this invention, to use asymmetric surfaces by juxtaposing, during the manufacturing process carried out on a surface-cutting machine, two half-tables bearing the discrepancies corresponding to two different half-surfaces (FIG. 26), each half-surface having the same law of progression, i.e. having a same meridian MM, the chief advantage of this arrangement residing in the fact that it provides, on the lenses fitted in a spectacle mounting, an oblique meridian facilitating the normal convergence of the users sight when changing from distant vision to close vision (FIG. 25), while preserving an oblique symmetry in the horizontal direction of the distribution of the aberrations.
In this case and by virtue of the juxtaposition of two different half-surfaces, it is possible to obtain aberration distribution patterns having an oblique symmetry in relation to the meridian MM, i a a i,jB= Bj, k y y k, l 8= 81, etc.., (FIG. 26).
The above description gives by way of example a lens of which the surface displays an ample evolution of the sections orthogonal to MM, from the flattened ellipse to the acute hyperbola.
According to the power gradient to be obtained and the desired distribution of the zones of aberrations, it is possible to keep as the useful surface only one fraction of the surface described hereinabove, for example in the range from the flattened ellipse to the elongated ellipse, or from the elongated ellipse to the hyperbola.
Alternatively, it is also possible to use said surface for only one fraction of the refracting surface of the lens and to juxtapose thereto, with or without a visible joint, surface of different nature; thus, for example, an evolutive zone according to this invention may be juxtaposed to one or a plurality of spherical, toric or aspheric zones, or zones having a different refraction index. FIG. 27 shows by way of example an evolutive zone Z and a zone 2 for example a spherical one, juxtaposed along the horizontal meridian l-IH of the lens seen in its position of use, this meridian I-II-I being advantageously an umbilical line.
To simplify the disclosure, it has implicitly been assumed in the above-described example that the meridian was a plane curve. Of course, it would not constitute a departure from the present invention to adopt a skew curve, the sections to be considered for the purpose of this invention being in this case those taken along the main planes orthogonal to the osculating plane of the meridian MM at the point involved.
Similarly, the present invention also includes surfaces of which the sections are complex high-degree curves, wherein the radius of curvature would be reserved in a direction laterally away from the meridian MM.
What I claim is:
l. Ophthalmic lens having a progressively variable focal power, and comprising a refracting surface with a generally vertical meridian curve having a radius of curvature the value of which progressively varies according to a predetermined law to provide a desired power addition along said meridian curve, said refracting surface having at each point of said meridian curve two main radii of curvature having identical values, wherein said refracting surface further comprises a curve intersecting said meridian curve at right angles and lying in a plane also at right angles to said meridian curve, said intersecting curve being of substantially circular shape with a radius having a value equal to that of the radius of curvature of the meridian curve at the point of intersection of said meridian curve with said curve of substantially circular shape, and dividing said refracting surface into a first surface portion in which the value of the radius of curvature of the meridian curve decreases in the direction away from said point of intersection and a second surface portion in which the value of the radius of curvature of the meridian curve increases in the direction away from said intersection point, and wherein the sections of said first surface portion through planes at right angles to the meridian curve are aspheric curves intersecting said meridian curve at respective points of intersection, each of said section curves having a radius of curvature the value of which at the respective point of intersection with the meridian curve is equal to that of the radius of curvature of the meridian curve at said respective point of intersection and which increases from said value of the radius of curvature at the respective point of intersection in the direction away from said respective point of intersection, whereas the sections of said second surface portion through planes at right angles to the meridian curve are other aspheric curves intersecting said meridian curve at other respective points of intersection, each of said other section curves having a radius of curvature the value of which at the respective point of intersection with the meridian curve is equal to that of the radius of curvature of the meridian curve at said respective point of intersection and which decreases from said value of the radius of curvature at the respective point of intersection in the direction away from said respective point of intersection.
2. Ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein the value of the radius of curvature of the meridian curve progressively varies from a first value at a first point of said meridian curve located in said first surface portion to a second value at a second point of said meridian curve located in said second surface portion, and
wherein the respective values of the radii of curvature of said sections of the first surface portion tend, while increasing, towards said second value, whereas the respective values of the radii of curvature of said sections of the second surface portion tend while decreasing, towards said first value.
3. Ophthalmic lens according to claim 2, wherein at least one of the two section curves which are perpendicular to the meridian curve at said first and second points, respectively, is a curve along which the plane tangent to the refracting surface at any point of said curve makes a constant angle with the plane which is perpendicular to the meridian curve and which includes the optical center of the lens.
4. Ophthalmic lens according to claim 2, wherein at least one of the two section curves which are perpendicular to the meridian curve at said first and second points, respectively, is an umbilical curve, that is a curve each point of which is a point of the refracting surface where the two main radii of the refracting surfaces have, identical values.
5. Ophthalmic lens according to claim 4, wherein said refracting surface is symmetrical in relation to at least one of said umbilical curves.
6. Ophthalmic lens according to claim 4, wherein said refracting surface is symmetrical about at least one of said first and second points of the meridian curve.
7. Ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein said refracting surface further comprise, in the marginal portion of the lens, at least one line which is substantially parallel to the meridian curve and along which the plane tangent to the refracting surface at any point of said line makes a constant angle with the osculating plane of said meridian curve at the optical center of the lens.
8. Ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein said meridian curve lies in a plane.
9. Ophthalmic lens according to claim 8, wherein the plane of said meridian curve is inclined downwards from the temporal side to the nasal side of the lens when said lens is in its operative position in a spectacle mounting, and wherein any two points of the refracting surface which are equally spaced in the horizontal direction from said meridian curve have substantially the same optical characteristics.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|7 Mar 1946
|5 Jul 1949
|Birchall Henry James
|Lens of variable focal power having surfaces of involute form
|3 Feb 1954
|24 Mar 1959
|Farrand Optical Co Inc
|Multifocal ophthalmic lenses
|4 Mar 1959
|8 Dec 1959
|Comm Ouvriers Lunetiers Soc In
|Machine for grinding an optical surface in a piece of refractive material
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|23 Jul 1973
|7 Oct 1975
|Essilor Int
|Ophthalmic lenses with progressively varying focal power
|15 Jan 1975
|13 Apr 1976
|David Volk
|Ophthalmic lens for presbyopia and aphakia
|8 Dec 1975
|25 Oct 1977
|American Optical Corporation
|Multifocal lens
|1 Oct 1975
|1 Nov 1977
|American Optical Corporation
|Progressive power ophthalmic lens having a plurality of viewing zones with non-discontinuous variations therebetween
|8 Dec 1975
|13 Dec 1977
|American Optical Corporation
|Progressive power ophthalmic lens having a plurality of viewing zone with discontinuous power variations therebetween
|7 Mar 1977
|23 Dec 1980
|Optisch Werke G. Rodenstock
|Progressive ophthalmic lens
|9 May 1979
|3 Mar 1981
|Essilor International (Compagnie Generale D'optique)
|Method of preparing a refractive surface of a progressively variable focal power ophthalmic lens
|16 Jan 1980
|29 Sep 1981
|Itek Corporation
|Teaching device for progressive power lenses
|4 Apr 1980
|29 Dec 1981
|Itek Corporation
|Progressively varying focal power opthalmic lens
|20 Sep 1983
|3 Feb 1987
|Seiko Epson Kabushiki Kaisha
|Progressive multifocal ophthalmic lenses
|8 Oct 1986
|8 Aug 1989
|Essilor International Compagnie Generale D'optique
|Progressive ophthalmic lens
|10 Dec 1987
|29 Aug 1989
|American Optical Corporation
|Progressive addition spectacle lens
|4 May 1988
|26 Sep 1989
|Opticorp, Inc.
|Non-progressive multifocal ophthamic lenses
|26 Jun 1989
|28 Aug 1990
|Opticorp, Inc.
|Method of designing a non-progressive multifocal ophthalmic lens
|23 Feb 1989
|19 Mar 1991
|Nikon Corporation
|Ophthalmic lenses having progressively variable refracting power
|11 Jul 1990
|17 Sep 1991
|Nikon Corporation
|Progressive power lens
|1 Feb 1991
|5 May 1992
|Takeshi Ishida
|Distortion free ophthalmic lens for presbyopia having wide range distinct views
|19 Apr 1991
|11 Aug 1992
|Multifocal surface for a multifocal spectacle lens
|15 Apr 1991
|10 Aug 1993
|Essilor International Cie Generale D'optique
|Progressive opthalmic lenses and method of facilitating their manufacture
|28 Oct 1992
|14 Dec 1993
|Essilor International (Compagnie Generale D'optique)
|Progressive multifocal ophthalmic lens
|12 Jun 1991
|14 Dec 1993
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Eyeglass lens
|28 Oct 1992
|21 Dec 1993
|Essilor International (Compagnie Generale D'optique)
|Progressive multifocal ophthalmic lens
|27 Jul 1995
|25 Nov 1997
|Teijin Chemicals Ltd.
|Progressive power ophthalmic lens
|2 Oct 1995
|3 Mar 1998
|Svochak; Jan B.
|Multifocal contact lens and method and apparatus for making the same
|17 Sep 1996
|8 Dec 1998
|Innotech, Inc.
|Optic incorporating a power gradient
|6 May 1996
|19 Jan 1999
|Innotech, Inc.
|Refractive index gradient lens
|20 Oct 1995
|2 Feb 1999
|Sola International Holdings, Ltd.
|Enhanced ophthalmic lens
|17 Oct 1997
|25 May 1999
|Innotech, Inc.
|Method of manufacturing a progressive optic
|6 Oct 1997
|14 Dec 1999
|Innotech Inc.
|Ophthalmic optic devices
|10 Mar 2000
|4 Sep 2001
|Q2100, Inc.
|Progressive lens apparatus and process
|25 Jul 2001
|17 Jun 2003
|Q2100, Inc.
|Progressive lens apparatus and process
|1 Jun 2000
|2 Dec 2003
|Inray Ltd.
|Wavefront method for designing optical elements
|9 Aug 2002
|17 Aug 2004
|Crossbows Optical Limited
|Progressive addition power lens
|18 Nov 2002
|30 Nov 2004
|Shamir Optical Industry
|Method for designing optical elements
|28 Nov 2001
|25 Apr 2006
|Rodenstock Gmbh
|Progressive spectacle lens for seeing objects at a large or average distance
|17 Aug 2004
|25 Apr 2006
|Signet Armorlite, Inc.
|Progressive addition power lens
|19 Nov 2007
|6 Jan 2009
|Rodenstock Gmbh
|Series of spectacle lenses and associated production method
|17 Feb 2009
|4 Sep 2012
|Swissphonics Sa
|Progressive multifocal ophthalmic lenses identically optimized over a wide range of refractive indices, base curves, and additions
|29 Sep 2009
|17 Sep 2013
|Hoya Corporation
|Progressive power lens, method of designing progressive power lens and method of evaluating progressive power lens
|20 Aug 2013
|15 Apr 2014
|Hoya Corporation
|Progressive power lens, method of designing progressive power lens and method of evaluating progressive power lens
|9 May 2014
|11 Apr 2017
|Shamir Optical Industry Ltd.
|Quasi progressive lenses for eyewear
|18 Nov 2002
|15 May 2003
|Jacob Rubinstein
|Method for designing optical elements
|28 Nov 2001
|20 May 2004
|Rainer Dorsch
|Progressive spectacle lens for seeing objects at a large or average distance
|17 Aug 2004
|20 Jan 2005
|Crossbows Optical Limited
|Progressive addition power lens
|19 Nov 2007
|3 Jul 2008
|Rodenstock Gmbh
|Series of Spectacle Lenses and Associated Production Method
|29 Sep 2009
|20 Jan 2011
|Hoya Corporation
|Progressive power lens, method of designing progressive power lens and method of evaluating progressive power lens
|17 Feb 2009
|3 Mar 2011
|Swissphonics Sa
|Progressive Multifocal Ophthalmic Lenses Identically Optimized Over A Wide Range of Refractive Indices, Base Curves, and Additions
|17 Feb 2009
|2 Apr 2014
|Progressive multifocal ophthalmic lenses identically optimized over a wide range of refractive indices, base curves and additions
|14 Aug 1974
|27 Feb 1975
|American Optical Corp
|Mehrstaerkenbrillenglas mit im hauptschnitt kontinuierlich variierter brechkraft
|8 Apr 1981
|11 Nov 1981
|Kabushiki Kaisha Hoya Lens
|Progressive multi-focal lenses
|8 Apr 1981
|27 Oct 1982
|Kabushiki Kaisha Hoya Lens
|Progressive multi-focal lenses
|18 Dec 1987
|22 Jun 1988
|American Optical Corporation
|Progressive power ophthalmic lens
|18 Dec 1987
|18 Apr 1990
|American Optical Corporation
|Progressive power ophthalmic lens
|13 Jul 1990
|16 Jan 1991
|Nikon Corporation
|Progressive power lens
|13 Jul 1990
|13 Nov 1991
|Nikon Corporation
|Progressive power lens
|22 Apr 1991
|30 Oct 1991
|ESSILOR INTERNATIONAL Compagnie G�n�rale d'Optique
|Method for facilitating the realisation of a progressive ophthalmic lens, and corresponding progressive ophthalmic lens(es)
|12 Jun 1991
|18 Dec 1991
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Spectacle lens
|31 May 1994
|7 Dec 1994
|Nikon Corporation
|Progressive multifocal lens
|31 May 1994
|20 Sep 1995
|Nippon Kogaku Kk
|Progressive multifocal lens.
|18 Dec 1987
|24 May 1995
|American Optical Corporation
|Progressive power ophthalmic lens
|16 Aug 1995
|25 Jun 2008
|Tokai Kogaku Kabushiki Kaisha
|Progressive power presbyopia-correcting ophthalmic lenses
|31 May 2002
|5 Oct 2011
|Crossbows Optical Limited
|Progressive addition power lens
|28 Nov 2001
|6 Jun 2002
|Optische Werke G. Rodenstock
|Progressive spectacle lens for seeing objects at a large or average distance
|28 Nov 2001
|3 Apr 2003
|Rainer Dorsch
|Progressive spectacle lens for seeing objects at a large or average distance
|3 May 2007
|8 Nov 2007
|Htp Tooling B.V.
|Method and devices for manufacturing an opthalmic lens
|6 May 2009
|17 Dec 2009
|Lopez Hernandez Reyes
|Double-sided progressive lens
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
I planted 5 rows and today I went to cover them with more soil.
I'm not even going to say how hard it was to cover them cause soil is all wet and sticks to the hoe.
While I was digging I noticed that my Marabel potatoes all look different.
So ether I'm blind and crazy or they sold me a bunch of mixed up potatoes and who knows if even one of them is Marabel.
There are at least 3 different types of potatoes
And it's a big difference, there is no way these 2 potato plants are the same type.
I'm not even mad about it. It's becoming something normal to cheat people with seeds. Guess I can be happy that I didn't get cabbages instead of potatoes ☺
While I was cleaning the grass and weeds between potatoes I saw that forest strawberries are ready for harvest.
So I went to pick them up. I picked up a few and then I saw 2 beautiful ones. But when I wanted to pick them up...surpriseeee
I saw something round, black and scary.
Yes it was a little snake. She was sleeping next to my strawberries. I took 2 photos but then she woke up.
I did the only sane thing...I ran away :D
My strawberry harvest was pitiful...4 little strawberries ☺
While I was running from that awful scary snake I saw that red currants will be ready for harvest.
And blackberries have gone mad this year. I think they love this crazy weather. Every single flower turned it to a fruit. There are hundreds of little green blackberries.
I'm sure this little guys helped in making so many fruits too
My tomorrows assignment will be bean beads. They look awful. I don't mind a little grass but since it started raining it's growing like crazy. And it was too moist today to dig.
I hope I'll be able to clean it up since it's raining again.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
"One review said the blue color was muted and the other said it was much brighter than the picture. My furniture is a medium denim blue color so a real bright blue would probably not work. I don't want to have to pay the shipping to return it so is it possible for you to help me with determining the color?"
We purchased this rug 2 summers ago and it still looks nee! It is on our uncovered deck. It dries beautifully and I simply sweep it off. If you are looking for an outdoor rug, this is a great buy!...
Safavieh Poolside Blue/ Bone Indoor Outdoor Rug (9' x 12')by Safavieh
ITEM#: 14131615Safavieh's Courtyard Collection creates a dynamic presence with its fashionable and transitional designs that are suited for both indoor and outdoor settings. These rugs have been expertly power loomed of enhanced polypropylene to create intricate motifs and ensure a comfortable surface underfoot. For outdoor use, this rug will turn your deck, poolside, or patio into a resort-style entertaining space. Featuring a main accent color of blue, this rug is in vogue with its tasteful and bold modern design. Its mesmerizing geometric design adds just the right amount of pizzazz to your living space. Bold and unique, place this rug by the poolside, under patio furniture, or utilize its resilience in high-traffic areas like the kitchen or entryway.
- Primary color is Blue
- Pile height is 0.25 - 0.5 inch
- Crafted of Polypropylene
- Contemporary style
- Pattern is Border
- Weave Type: Power loomed
- Rugs by Room: Patio, Living Room, Bedroom
- For indoor or outdoor use
- Feature: Latex Free
- Rug Size: 9' x 12'
- Shape: Rectangle
- Color: Blue
- Model: CY6937-23
Tip: We recommend the use of a non-skid pad to keep the rug in place on smooth surfaces.
All rug sizes are approximate. Due to the differences between monitors, some rug colors may vary slightly. We always try to represent all rug colors accurately. Please refer to the text above for a description of the colors shown in the photo.
|Olefin, Polypropylene
|Border, Geometric
|Latex Free
|Weave Type
|Rug Type
|Indoor, Outdoor
|9 ft. 2 in.x 12 ft. 6 in.
|Model Number
|Country of Origin
Quality RatingLearn More
Features for RugsSee All Features
Similar Items
Giselle Indoor/ Outdoor Medallion Blue/ Cream Area Rug (9' X 12')
Sale: $241.19
Safavieh Madison Bohemian Cream/ Light Grey Rug (9' x 12')
Sale: $224.78
StyleHaven Geometric Navy/Green Indoor-Outdoor Area Rug (8'6x13')
Sale: $247.99
Safavieh Royal Natural/ Blue Indoor/ Outdoor Rug (9' x 12')
Sale: $167.99
Customer Reviews
Most Helpful
Very pretty rug, but bluer in person that picture
This is a beautiful and well made rug, but it is a brighter blue than it appears in the picture. Actually, mine is much brighter blue than the picture, which is fine. I have not yet moved it outdoors where I plan to use it, so I cannot attest to its outdoor durability. But it is a very pretty rug.Read More
Gorgeous rug, looks expensive
I was looking for something that looks expensive, but didn't want to spend too much because I have two large dogs. The pattern is gorgeous and the rug overall looks like an expensive pattern. The feel/quality is indoor/outdoor quality but you can improve it by putting a rug pad underneath so that it won't feel so thin. The blue is a muted blue, the bone color is a bit muddy. But still the overall pattern and blue color makes it pretty gorgeous. Its a nice statement piece without being too bright. Very nice, pefect.Read More
Most Recent
Best Purchase
We purchased this rug 2 summers ago and it still looks nee! It is on our uncovered deck. It dries beautifully and I simply sweep it off. If you are looking for an outdoor rug, this is a great buy!Read More
Color is Darker
The color was darker than I expected it to be. It looked more like a robins egg blue on the site but was a deeper blue so I had to put in a different room.Read More
looks great, great price, wears incredibly well. I have it in my living room and have grandchildren - anything cleans off of it.Read More
Great Pattern!
I used this rug on our porch and I always receive compliments on it. The pattern is great. The plastic material of the rug also makes it easy to hose down and dry in the sun when necessary. Did I mention that the price for such a large rug is also fantastic? This rug does have an outdoor feel though as the material is a woven plastic--I wouldn't recommend it for use indoors in a finished space.Read More
Questions & Answers
This rug should be slightly muted.
Shopping Tips & Inspiration
How to Protect Wood Floors with Area Rugs
The easiest way to protect wood floors from scratches and other damage is to decorate them with an area rug. Area rugs provide a protective barrier against furniture legs, foot traffic, and pets while adding style to any floor in the house.
Living Room Ideas
Get inspired by the hottest trends in living room furniture and decor. Shop our huge selection of living room furniture and decor at Overstock.com.
The Complete Rug Buying Guide
When furnishing your home, a rug can really bring your whole look together, no matter what your design. We'll help you find an area rug that's right for you.
Coastal Furniture and Decor Ideas
Find Coastal decorating ideas for your home. Shop our huge selection of Coastal furniture and decor at Overstock.com.
Boho Chic Furniture and Decor Ideas
Find Boho Chic decorating ideas for your home. Shop our huge selection of Boho Chic furniture and decor at Overstock.com.
Industrial Furniture and Decor Ideas
Find industrial decorating ideas for your home. Shop our huge selection of industrial furniture and decor at Overstock.com.
Area Rug Styles to Try in Your Home
Try these area rug styles to give your home a new look with everything from bohemian rugs, geometric rugs, or natural rugs. Shop and save money on the best area rugs at Overstock.com
Shabby Chic Furniture and Decor Ideas
Find shabby chic decorating ideas for your home. Shop our huge selection of shabby chic furniture and decor at Overstock.com.
Mid-Century Modern Furniture and Decor Ideas
Shop our huge selection and save on mid-century modern furniture and decor. Find mid-century modern decorating ideas for your home at Overstock.com.
Updated Americana Style
Trade in your visons of rustic antiques, patchwork quilts, and star spangled accents for a new, updated Americana decor. We've reimagined this classic look with fresh furniture, a muted color scheme, and industrial accents to create a look that strikes right at the heart of American decor.
Dipped in Gold
The glitter and glamour of gold is catching the eye as a 2015 home decor trend.
2015 Lighting Trends to love
If you want to refresh your home this spring, new pendants and lamps help create a chic, brightening effect.
Shipping & Returns
Contact Information
Usually leaves our warehouse in 1 business day. *
Shipping Information:
Our standard shipping method is ground shipping. We also offer expedited shipping for most items. Your final
shipping cost and estimated delivery timeframe will be available at checkout.
Standard shipping details
Expedited shipping details
Standard Return Policy:
Items must be returned in new or unused condition and contain all original materials included with the shipment. More Details
FINAL SALE EXCLUSION: Items marked as FINAL SALE are not returnable unless the problem you experience is the result of our error.
For your protection, all orders are screened for security purposes. If your order is selected for review, our Loss Prevention Team may contact you by phone or email. There may be a two business day delay to process your order.
** Most Oversize orders are delivered within 1-4 weeks. Some orders may take 6 weeks to be delivered.


text:
gold mining wash plant bellows
Gold Mining Equipment by MSI Mining
Gold mining equipment needed for your operation? Just a few reasons to pick MSI: Trusted Industry Leader. ... Vibratory gold wash plants work well in clean sand and gravel materials. They are not recommended for clay or sticky materials. The ...Read More
gold mining dry wash equipment
Mobile Gold Dry Mining Equipment, Mining Crushing Screening plant. new and used gold mining equipment for sale . Gold Mine Equipment Sales sells new and used gold mining equipment inclucing dry and wet wash plants, Our engineers .Read More
Gold Washing Plant, Gold Washing Plant Suppliers and ...
Gold Washing Plant, Buy Various High Quality Gold Washing Plant Products from Global Gold Washing Plant Suppliers and Gold Washing Plant Manufacturers at Alibaba.com. Hi, ... moving gold mining wash plant with 250 tons per hour. US $9800-15000 / Set ( FOB Price) 1 Set (Min. Order) Weight: 5100kg.Read More
belt wash plant gold mining
gold mining wash plant bellows. gold mining wash plant bellows. Mini gold wash plant for placer gold washing Conveyor Belt table, rod mill, screen plant, continuous. MORE INFO > Live Chat; best wash plant for gold mining.Read More
wash plant for gold mining
Gold Mining Wash Plant There are many reasons why we send flowers to our family, ... Sand Washing Machine / Solutions / plans gold mining wash plant Email Us / Print plans gold mining wash plant placer gold . gold mining wash plant bellows ...Read More
gold mining small wash plant,impact crusher|impact crusher news
gold mining claims for sale gold mine for sale,Junior Miners gold claims and placer gold claims for sale, mining equipment for sale, sliuce . this small setup to get my feet in the Yukon, wash some dirt, get some gold and .Read More
used gold mining wash plants in usa for sale
gold mining wash plant bellows Characteristics. Used 50 Tph Gold Wash Plant For Sale In Usa ZME. ... Gold Mining Wash Plant Sale UsedCrusher USA CachedAbout used gold mining wash plants for sale Mining equipment for mineral extraction and screening .Read More
gold mining wash plant bellows
After years' exploration in mining industry, the technology of flotation has been more and more professional. According to the changing of market conditions, Zenith brand flotation machine has been changed from single cell type to open flow type to meet modern requirements.Read More
gold mining wash plant bellows
Mining ,Learn everything there is to know about Mining at ... Ore extraction disrupts the topsoil and can displace local animals and plants, and sometimes native human populations.Read More
New and used equipment for prospecting and mining for gold ...
... cells, high bankers, highbankers, sluice boxes, gold pans, suction gold dredges, furnaces, generators, contract mining, plant design, gold concentrate bags, imaging systems, excavators, hydraulics, thumbs, ... FOR SALE: COMPLETE WASH PLANT: ... EXCESS GOLD MINING EQUIPMENT.Read More
gold mining vibrating wash plants,Crusher machine,Grinding ...
Floating Wash Plants,Placer Mining Methods. Floating Wash Plants. 30 Years In Successful Mining Around The World. Home. About Rob. Newsletter.Read More
Mining Empress Wash Plant Technical Specifications,Henan ...
chinese mining equipment manufacturers for sale MSI T5x Gold Trommel Wash Plant. Get technical specifications and details on this portable Mining News, Mining tomb of emperor Tang Gaozong and empress WuRead More
stone gold wash plant
gold mining wash plant bellows gold mining wash plant bellows Overview. Mobile Gold Wash Plants Featuring 12 Volt Summit Mining 10 Gold Trommel. Requires only . More Info > Live Chat; Kissing traditions, Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia .Read More
gold mining equipment wash plant
gold mining wash plant bellows; gold separation of gold mining processing plant; ... Steel fabricated gold mining wash plant with vibrating sluice box hopper classifier. The sluice section the hopper grizzly classifier can. With steel plates.Read More
Gold Mining Wash Plant
gold mining wash plant Bear Creek Placer, LLC (BCP) has built, rebuilt and revised many wash plants over the last few decades. Your gold mining endeavors will benefit from BCPs diverse ...Gold Mining in the 21st Century!Read More
gold mining wash plant bellows,impact crusher|impact ...
It can be described as obbligato machine in mining, building construction, construction wastes Crushing equipment; Grinding is the required powdering or pulverizing process when final size of below 2 mm is neededRead More
gold wash plant for sale in usa
Larch Cottage Nurseries, plants for sale via our online Peter Stott Peter Stott is the owner and founder of Larch Cottage Nurseries. Larch Cottage supply a huge range of rare and unusual plants, from our base inRead More
small gold mining wash plants
gold mining equipment wash plant; gold mining wash plant bellows; Ramdom Solutions; adress sahji crusher machine; khalsa stone crushers; gold mining rock crusher suppliers in peru; powder mill china; ... gold mining wash plant building plans ...Read More
gold wash plant,eBay
Find great deals on eBay for gold wash plant gold mining equipment. Shop with confidence. Skip to main content. eBay ... Gold Bond Body Wash. Gold Dust Washing Powder. Refine. more Format Format. All Listings Auction Buy It Now Classified ads. Sort: Best Match;Read More
bellows gold dry washer in south africa,Gold Ore Crusher
... they are not a lot of gold mining equipment for sale south africa; Gold Grinding Mill; Gold Crusher South Africa. ... The gold ore washing machine bellows should be operated at ... Fine Sand Mining South Africa; Gold Wash Plant South Africa; Double Deck Screen;Read More
Gold Wash Plant, Gold Wash Plant Suppliers and ...,Alibaba
Gold Wash Plant, Buy Various High ... Tags: Moving Gold Wash Plant , Mining Gold Wash Plant ,Hot Gold Mining Wash Plant. Verified Supplier,Zhengzhou Hengxing Heavy Equipment Co., Ltd. China (Mainland) Contact Details. Trade Assurance. 48h-72h Average Response Time.Read More
Next Post: graph showing mining in south africa


text:
Family Rescue Trailer (1997)
"Clayton Hayes will do anything to protect his family... even break the law" 14 January 1997 Drama 95 mins
The court has given custody of Emma Hayes' child to the baby's father, a man who raped Emma when she was only fifteen years old. It's up to the baby's grandfather, Clayton Hayes to prevent the child from being handed over until Emma can convince the court to reverse the order.
Watch the official Family Rescue 1997 trailer in HD below or find more Family Rescue videos on Vidimovie.


text:
Maybe Accepting Guests
- Last login 6 months ago
Join Couchsurfing to see Irina's full profile. It's free!
About Me
Mission is to inspire and connect with different cultures around the world!
Sociable, fun, love to travel, meet good people, socialize, learn something new, dance, enjoy life and a positive charge surrounding))
Why I'm on Couchsurfing
while there is no experience, but I want to try this kind of travel
dance, music, tennis,travel, skates, roller skates, snowboards, movie
- dancing
- traveling
- socializing
- music
- tennis
Music, Movies, and Books
psychology books and books on economic subjects, detectives))
music-club, pop))
One Amazing Thing I've Done
I love to travel, to visit the beautiful places that are left in my life, positive emotions))
Teach, Learn, Share
learn to dance, talk about Russia, traditions, and show attractions.
Countries I've Visited
Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Netherlands, San Marino, Spain, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vatican City State
Countries I've Lived In
Russian Federation


text:
When I was younger every year my Mom and I made it a point to watch The Wizard of Oz together. So many great memories. Do you remember the scene in the "haunted forest" when the cowardly lion was scared? He began to chant something like this, "I do believe in spooks, I do, I do, I do believe in spooks." I mention this because a lot of people today erroneously think faith and belief are one in the same. Today people think if they say what the cowardly lion said in the forest that constitutes as having faith. Look at what Scripture says.
Our text today says "faith" is how we walk. Faith is a conduct. Faith dictates things we do in life. If we have no actions to our faith we have a dead faith (Jas 2:17,26) that will not get us to the place where we will receive our inheritance. That is why Paul says "faith comes by hearing" in Rom 10:17. As we hear the Word of God correctly taught it should change the way we do things. That is faith.
Belief is a mental assertion and is necessary to achieve faith. Jn 1:12 Belief gives us a right to become a child of God. It doesn't make us a child of God. Belief, according to Vine's dictionary, means to be persuaded. We can be persuaded of something and yet it will not dictate action in my life. Belief will lead to faith, but faith will dictate conduct in your life. You can not separate faith and actions. When we separate the two we no longer have faith, rather we have belief.
Look at Chapter 11 in the Book of Hebrews. Here we see the best example of faith and actions. The example of walking in faith. When we see a person's name in this chapter we see faith dictating an action in their life. Verse 4 faith made Abel offer. Verse 7 faith made Noah move. Verse 8 faith made Abraham obey. Verse 9 faith made him dwell. Verse 11 says faith allowed Sarah receive strength. Faith can not be separated from actions! When we hear the Word of God we must believe, or be persuaded by, it. That belief, or persuasion, in the Word will lead to an active faith in your life! Jas 1:22
Today, will you walk by faith and allow the Word of God dictate the things you do and say or will you live by the belief that Word of God is true and do and say how you see faith? I would love to hear, "By faith (Your Name Here) (Verb) today. God Bless
Hear The Word- Rom 10:17; Acts 4:4
We Must Believe or Have Faith- Heb 11:6; Acts 16:31
We Must Repent- Lk 13:3; Acts 17:30
We Must Confess Christ Before Others- Mt 10:32; Acts 8:37
We Must Be Immersed Into Christ (Baptized)- 1Pe 3:21; Mk 16:16; Acts 2:38
We Must Remain Faithful- Rev 2:10; Acts 14:22


text:
Discussion in 'Introductions' started by tangfish, Nov 24, 2010.
how long does it tkae to charge my new phone the first time?
Welcome to the Android Forums!
The answer to your question depends a lot on the phone, the charger, and a number of other variables. That said I'd guess it shouldn't take more than 8 hours in most circumstances.
Welcome to Android Forums!! Honestly less than an hour, but they recommend you keep on the charge for about 8.


text:
The egyptian museumThe Egyptian museum is considered the oldest and famous of largest museums in the world. It is the first location of the museum built in front of al-azbakyah lake , between the squares of opera and attaba today. Now, the Egyptian museum is situated at tahrir square in cairo. The Egyptian museum has many important pieces of ancient Egyptian history.
It has a collection of pharonic antiquites , and many treasures of king tutankhamun.
Egyptian museum has two main floors in the museum.
On the ground floor:there is a collection of papyrus and coins, and papyrus contains small fragments.
Many langauages there are found such as:greek ,latin ,Arabic and ancient Egyptian language.
on the ground floor: there are a huge statues.
On the upper floor: there are tutankhamun's treasures and the mummies.
The 1st section : tutankhamun's treasures.
The 2nd section : the predynastic and old kingdom monuments.
The 3rd section : 1st intermidate period and middle kingdom monuments.
The 4th section : the monuments of modern kingdom.
The 5th section : the monuments of lake period and in a late period and the greek and roman periods.
The 6th section : coins and papyrus .
The 7th section : sarcophagi and scrabs.
Hours operation: open daily,9:00 am-7:00pm.
During Ramadan,9:00am-5:00pm .
Ticket cost: Egyptian:LE(2) , student :LE(1).foreign:LE(10),student:LE(5).


text:
Johannesburg - The hate speech judgment against ANC Youth League leader Julius Malema is the first step to non-racism, the Afrikanerbond said on Monday."This is a necessary first step to force Mr Julius Malema in particular, but also other high profile politicians and public figures, to be responsible and careful in the use of certain words," said secretary Jan Bosman in a statement."The race-card, based on suspicion, hatred and lies, is now regularly played. The inevitable consequence is that the broad South African society is becoming more race-based and divided along racial lines."Racism "in whatever colour and whatever form" must be rejected, he said.The Afrikanerbond felt that Malema's various statements since 2009 divided South Africa and undermined constitutional values.He said hate speech comments were a threat to the safety of the public and to state security.It welcomed the finding in the South Gauteng High Court that Malema's singing of the "dubhula ibhunu" (shoot the boer) song amounted to hate speech.Bosman said the next step was for the Human Rights Commission to evaluate and assess Malema's pronouncements within the Bill of Rights context, said Bosman.He claimed a total of 510 hate speech complaints, including the singing of "shoot the boer", were lodged with the commission against Malema."Our information is that the National Prosecuting Authority's provincial heads... have given the necessary permission for an investigative hearing by the HRC in which Mr Malema will be subpoenaed to testify."The Afrikanerbond had met the commission and Malema's legal representatives to discuss the process for an investigative hearing."The date of the... hearing was not yet determined at the time of the meeting but it seemed as if the date was based in anticipation on the ruling of the High Court," said Bosman.
i hope they throw the book at him. And then INVESTIGATE his finances once his smokescreen has cleared. Trough pig deluxe.
rather throw a brick at him
he cant read the book anyway
I also have a Saab -but it drives me nuts.
The book has reportedly been stolen. A reliable source has claimed that the book was being used to often to berrate ANC members. The fact that many of them were able to dodge the book did not distract from the fact that it was being thrown at them, very often out of context. It has been further reported that the book will be copied and used to throw at ANCYL members from the windows of Luthuli House.
Anyone seen my woodwork book? Eish, ama gonna fail this things ne?
Eish, Malema thought that it's only white guys that can be found guilty of being racist. He thought his black skin can make him exempt from being a racist for the rest of his life. Shame, poor idiot!!
Viva the constitution!
it is very good to follow the law,i would appreciate it when Afriforum could be consistance when highlighting issues of racism,they should not look ONLY at what some black folks are doing,but their own as well
im drunk on this issue about to passout
And now just to try and get all the many hate-mongers from all the many faces of extremism on this site to try to act like humans. That will be a tough job. Putting Malema in his place will prove child's play in comparison. Racism on sites like this has reached epidemic proportions, on both sides of a colour-divide that should no longer be an issue.
it's a true reflection on how Malema re-opened the devide...
the separation of races - we were doing so well until he came along.
you reckon, happy? Just read a few of today's posts.
if the current government would stop blaming us for their faults, stop inciting the masses towards murder and stop oppressing whites with aa en bee then it would help, but on the other hand keep it going, i'll survive but then don't expect me to have any goodwill towards them
racism will stop, if you stop thinking about it. I wont call you by color or calling words, i will call you by your name. The human race has a very complex mind and sadly for most people the answer i gave before typing this sentence, only a handful will accomplish.
thanks Judge for teaching Mr Julius a lesson
Will Malema care about it? Malema is a "thing" of its own.
And Kudos to the courageous judge. 'Gives us the idea that fairness amongst the SAn judiciary still has a chance -for the time being, at least.
It is definitely about time. He is the kind of person who is preventing South Africa from moving forward - and allhis followers are just brain washed and believe his lies and promises. All he does is wind them up. South Africa can only move forward when he who shall not be named is taken out of the public eye for ever and ever - him and all others like him.
Why is this country infested with so many rihgtwing outfits.
What is Afrikanerbond by the way?
What does it stand for?
Does is mean anything to our people?
The sooner these people realize that the time for imposing their wish is over our people is over , the better.
Our people and their aspirations are being frustrated by these rightwing outfits, including the DA. The only solution is to pass a set of laws to deal with this threat once and for all.
Who are " Our people?"
Nonsense. It's in your head.
Ha ha ha, you are so funny! surely your comment must be a joke. Please contact joe Parker comedy club, you should be the opening act.
Vegetarian not to say that you are a numb skull or anything... But........... Check out Cape Town my bru... Very clean city!!!
Durban, Johannesburg, Not so clean cities...
Cape town = DA Government
Yes I won't say that crime in CPT is low but those DA people are trying!!! Almost every little thing, they look into, where as other parties don't even bother with what the people of S.A want and need.
I'm not white, stating that again on this website, but I rather be under white rule than black rule...
Good example... Back in the days, before 1994, if you were stuck on the road going some where, you could leave your vehicle and come back the next morning and everything would still be there. Today you not even safe while driving, at a stop sign, at a traffic light, IN YOUR OWN HOMES!!!!
So you tell me, what is the importance of life??? Security, safety, respect, dignity.... And you know what??? Screw the law and the holy books out there!!! Any human being with a conscience does not need those books and man made laws to tell you the importance of life. It's common sense and general knowledge and most of all it is HUMAN!!!
I apologize if I have offended anybody with what I have said, but I am pissed off with all this hatred!!!
Who are "these people" ?
The only set of laws to be passed should be this... No minority nation (against whom there is racist laws against) should be required to pay tax. Every community should only pay taxes to their own upliftment. To put it plainly... Only nations who contributed to scientific research must benefit from it. (i.e discoveries like automobiles etc.) Veggie - I you want to act like a veggie don't expect us to treat you any different - We / I owe u feukoll !!!
Great news !!
Just make sure he is punished, or is this the might of our law that we normally hear politicians referring to?
I guess this is what you get when one draws to much attention to itself. Nobody should be above the law!!!
The nail that stands out gets hammered!
I know of several people on this site and in RL that are getting hammered right now off this news XD
@ Eurocentric Are you bored?? get a life! Enough of your outbursts.
Get a soap box outside the city hall and go and sing your sad song!
jump on the band wagon....
So then, this means the ANCYL is a racist organisation run by hate-mongering bigots. And a terrorist organisation, for wanting to overthrow the Botswana government. Interesting, now its official.
If a black man is racist, is it okay?
If it's the white man's racism that made him that way,
Because the bully's the victim they say,
By some sense they're all the same.Because the line between,
Wrong and right,
Is the width of a thread,
From a spider's web.
- Katie Melua
Fantastic!! Now maybe we can get on with our lives without being inflicted with this racist crap.
Like the pot calling the kettle black......
@ Eurocentric
I will not bother to read further than your the first comment. I recall having read the other comment you make on other threads.
You talk crap.
You like an economic food chain that suits you? Create your own.
MANY blacks are doing very well. As one of the commentators said here the other day, do the robot test. Observe the fancy care drivers and passengers at a convenient robot near you. Black? White? Do the test yourself.
The blacks and the whites you may observe in luxury vehicles and even more moderate means of transport are entitled to the level of material well being they have carved out for themselves.
You will not create the same level of self-sufficiency if you start with political clap-trap which does not add real value to the economy.
One gets the impression that the natural losers like yourself want whites to abstain from economic activities.
Dream on. Economies that provide also for social grants have no business with silly restrictions. The time is approaching that this country will not tolerate black advancement based on racial regulations.
You should cultivate a dream in which ability and honesty determines ones' material well-being.
The rest of society will move ahead. Without cutting its nose to such a bad extent that nothing of the face is left.
Try at least not to just cut and paste. Come with some refreshing ideas or analysis. Or at least a different angle.
@eurocentric - very philosophical. What are YOU doing to correct these injustices etc? All I see is 'cut and paste' initiatives. Do you actively become involved in improving the lot of the impoverished or are you one of the passive liberals who sit on the fence waiting to pounce on discussions and berate is with stuff we already know?!!?
It always makes me smile! As long as Malema (and all the others) sing there Kill the Farmer song its fine, because its part of their heritage, and they believe this. Well I as a 60 something white male have grown up using the "ka----" word all my life, and until 15 years ago used it regularly. I stopped using it because it was no longer acceptable and because I was told that it sowed disention amongst he groups. It was part og my heritage to use it, just as much as "Kill the boer" is part of Malema's heritage. If he is allowed, or just continues to sing it, why cant I use the word "ka---r". Can someone please explain to me!.
The Afrikanerbond sprouting the virtues of a non racial South Africa, amazing, it wasn't long ago when their ilk were arguing the virtues of genocide.
Eurocentric really has a board (not a chip) on his shoulder.Take off your blinkers and look at the bigger picture.Who are always the do gooders for the poor maybe you are colour blind as well.Get over it.
Makhubele aka Eurocentric please stop copying and pasting you bull here, keep it on your facebook page. Racist bigot.
The rhetoric is entirely consistent. Whites are criminals, they stole the land so we expropriate the land with no compensation". Also "Shoot the boer". Malema, his cohorts and the ANCYL hate whites, plain and simple and he continues to feed this line. He follows in the footsteps of Mugabe. Even more alarming are the parallels with pre-war Nazi Germany and Adolf Hitler if you watch the man his frenzied mob. A poor indictment indeed when the ruling party can't even conduct their business in their own HQ. Where are the cops and the army to put a stop this lawlessness once and for all.
the difference between malema and people who comment here is only one malema is a racist and everybody can see it and the news24 readers who mostly constitute of white people try so hard to make excuses for being racists.
So sorry I didn't get that. Try swallowing before you speak.
I think you meant "CONSIST", not "constitute". Also, punctuation is a great way to separate your words and for coherent sentences. You really should try it sometime. It will make it seem you actually know what you are talking about.
Please explain to me Eurocentric how come there are many very successfull honest black businessmen out there that endured and suffered through the apartheid period, did they work hard? was it given to them for nothing? did it just fall into their laps and they just "became successfull" or was it by hard work and brains?
@Eurocentric, are you mental challenged, let's go back in time before the white man came let's say 524 years P.S they weren't white they were Portuguese. South Africa was a land with literally no technology.. not even the wheel .. wow.. they had wheels 3000 BC that's more than 3000 years if you did not know.... so we oppressed you by bringing toilet paper and farming and industry and roads o yes and the wheel, and all the things you like and yes you were oppresses like every weaker race through all of time, look at the Egyptians they oppresses millions and made them work till they died, the Persians and on and on…..so at one point in history everyone was oppressed if you want to see oppresses look at the native Americans...they had it bad you had a field day in comparison.
Peace and may the moon pandas smile on you..
Racism has no place in Africa,Malema a disgrace to Africa-Trueman Debwe- Zimbabwe
Aah Eurocentric if you lot (and by that I mean those with lots to say but no work ethic) decided to work for your money and not wait for handouts you might find that like industrious white people you to can get somewhere. No doubt the colonialist have a lot to account for plundering africa for her raw materials and cheap labour and accrueing huge profits back home...........whats changed ? ANC have done fantastic deals with china, BHP get cheap raw materials, electricity at cost, export incentives and then we import our own aluminium etc back from them at a "processed" premium, same with mittal........BRILLIANT. And then ask yourself how it took the Oppenheimers a 100 years to build anglo and for them to accrue over a billion rand in personal wealth - patrice motsepe did it in 10 years - his bonds of opression holding him down must have been pretty loose or maybe, novel as it might sound, he took charge of things himself ???? And then this constant moaning about our benefiting from apartheid - ja i can't argue that 1 too because clearly we did even if only distantly BUT for the 100's of years black africans lived unopposed in southern africa what was the sum of their achievements in comparison to europe - a kaya and a kraal - so if you're hankering for those days off you go.
Good on the Judge, not such an easy decision in my opinion (considering Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights) but the right one... I think we should be careful on the one hand to want to nail Julius, but on the other cry out against the proposed Protection of Information Act. Messing with Freedom of Speech is a slippery slope...
Is anyone really that naive to think that this ruling is going to change anything. It's about as naive as it is to think that malema or his views is going to disappear into thin air. Mark my words, one day in the near future South Africa will stand with it's hat in it's hand begging from the very same imperialists it want's to kill and chase from it's shores. The wealth that will be taken will land in the pockets of the select few and will not create new wealth.
I am so tired of this!! Just deal with him.
@ eurocentric...and so the circle of life continues. Man has always stolen from one another, and will contiue to do so in the fight for survival. You seem to forget that before 'white' man reached these shores, the Zulu's were the oppressors, and stole plenty of land from the San, among others. The difference is that White man were more advanced, and thus instead of just chasing the native away, destroying the land, and then moving on, they used and abused the native, but made the most of the land. Now it is the turn of the chinese and muslim, whom are slowly re-colognising africa and the world. Black man will never again own africa, as they are simply not as advanced as the other races. This is not a racical statement, it is simply an unfortunate fact - I wish it was not the case, as I would love to see black man advance himself - but I honestly believe that too many years of nomadic, subsistence life, without the effect of war, and industrial revolution, has left black africans too far behind, and now with the information era upon us it is simply too much of a quantum leap to catch up. So you can call it opression, but the reality is that it's the survival of the fitest...
Kick him out of his office.


text:
Derwentside, former district, unitary authority and historic county of Durham, northeastern England, located in the north-central part of the county about 12 miles (20 km) southwest of the city of Newcastle upon Tyne. Derwentside was a coal-mining area, historically important to Great Britain, encompassing an outlying section of the northeastern Pennines 400 to 1,000 feet (120 to 305 metres) high. Surface mining, often on the sides of steep hills, began in the 17th century. In the 19th and early 20th centuries mining increased with the completion of railroad lines to Newcastle upon Tyne and other nearby ports. By the late 20th century, however, coal mining had ceased, and in 1980 the steelworks at Consett closed. Former mining villages dot the countryside, but the scars of coal mining have been removed. Consett is the largest town. The former district's other sizable town, Stanley, 6 miles (10 km) east of Consett, has textile industries. Much of the area is rural.
Keep Exploring Britannica
We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind.
- Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience.
- You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered.
- Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources.
- At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.)
Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions.
Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article.
Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed.
There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later.


text:
Ideas sought on Gold Coast growth
A business group wants to know how Gold Coast residents see the future of their city.
The Property Council of Australia will launch a campaign, dubbed 'Make My City Shine', when it hosts a lunch for officials from the Commonwealth Games Federation on the Gold Coast today.
The council's executive director in Queensland, Kathy MacDermott, says Brisbane residents volunteered more than 1,000 ideas in a similar initiative.
"What's the best way for the Gold Coast to grow and to maximise everything good about it?" she said.
"We do open up a really wide-ranging discussion about it.
"The idea of the campaign is to give the community a voice to politicians at all levels about how they want the city to grow and what policies they want around the evolution of the city."
Topics: regional-development, southport-4215


text:
Deploying effective service strategy in the operations stage of high-speed rail
This paper utilizes a confirmatory passenger continuance behavior model to appraise high-speed rail service quality and performance. Surveys are administered for Taiwan High-Speed Rail (THSR) and Korea Train eXpress (KTX) corporations to gain an understanding of passengers' perceptions of the operational performance using a proposed satisfaction index. A modified importance-performance analysis is employed to enable elaboration of strategic service management decisions. The empirical study concludes that level of access to THSR station and personal space on KTX train are the top-priority quality indicators that need to be addressed to improve customer satisfaction and corporate profits.
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to look for a different version under "Related research" (further below) or search for a different version of it.
Volume (Year): 47 (2011)
Issue (Month): 4 (July)
Pages: 507-519
|Contact details of provider:
| Web page: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600244/description#description
|Order Information:
| Postal: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600244/bibliographic
Web: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600244/bibliographic
No references listed on IDEAS
You can help add them by filling out this form.
This item is not listed on Wikipedia, on a reading list or among the top items on IDEAS.
When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:transe:v:47:y:2011:i:4:p:507-519. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.
For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: (Dana Niculescu)
If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.
If references are entirely missing, you can add them using this form.
If the full references list an item that is present in RePEc, but the system did not link to it, you can help with this form.
If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.
Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.


text:
- Piercing
- Contact
- Author/Book
- Consultations
- Videos
Book Signing
Suzannah B. Troy artist: The Piercing Bible by Elayne Angel master piercer, book signing at LeRoi
July 3rd, 2009
This page takes you to the blog of Suzannah B. Troy artist: The Piercing Bible by Elayne Angel master piercer, book signing LeRoi Rivington Street, Lower East Side!!!. You can see photos from my book signing there.
Coming to NY in June
May 20th, 2009
My good friends at LeRoi Manhattan are throwing a book signing party for me on Friday June 26. Then I'll be performing piercings on the following two days at their original location. Make your appointment soon! This is going to be a blast!
Book Signing in Hollywood
May 19th, 2009
I'm back home in Mexico now and catching up after being in the US for the past two weeks. My visit was a delight and a smashing success. The final night of the trip, I had a book signing for The Piercing Bible at the Antebellum Gallery in Hollywood. I signed plenty of books, and enjoyed the company of my friends and family. In attendance were several dear friends from high school, my parents, and many more. It was wonderful! If you were there: thanks for coming! If you missed it--I hope to catch you next time.
Book Signing and Guest Piercing in NY at LeRoi
May 12th, 2009
I'm having book signing event and doing guest piercing at LeRoi Manhattan. The book signing will be June 26, and I'll be piercing June 27 and 28! YouTube - ELAYNE ANGEL AND LEROI INC.
May 11th, 2009
My debut of The Piercing Bible at the annual conference for the Association of Professional Piercers was a huge hit! I sold hundreds of books (all of them that I'd brought with me!) and signed even more. Some of the attendees had already received copies they had ordered online, and they brought them for me to sign. It was the happiest I've ever felt while suffering from a case of writer's cramp. Next is the book signing at Antebellum Gallery on May 16 from 7-9 pm. I can't wait! I just got this IM'd from a piercer on Facebook:
Thanks again and your contribution to MY job and livelihood has never for once been taken for granted. its because of people like you, the REAL pioneers, that have given me the job i am into right now. thanks again.
Conference Book Signing
May 5th, 2009
I'm in Las Vegas for the annual conference for the Association of Professional Piercers and TODAY is the formal debut of The Piercing Bible. This is so exciting! So many of the piercers here have expressed interest and I expect to be quite busy selling and signing books. I also have my poster and postcards here to sign.
Book Signing in Hollywood!
April 25th, 2009
You are cordially invited to join me for my first public book signing! (The book's debut will be at the Association of Professional Piercers' Conference in Las Vegas so it is open only to attendees.) Saturday May 16, 2009 from 7-9 p.m. at Antebellum Gallery in Hollywood.
Please RSVP to [email protected] so I can add you to my guest list.
(Be on the lookout for email from Spamarrest--my spam filter. Please respond to it or I won't get your email!)


text:
The Program Division of WCPR provides the residents of Williamson County with a plethora of activities for young and old alike. We are so excited for you to browse and see all of the different things we have planned to enhance your life and that of your children. Whether it be Arts & Crafts, Polynesian Dance, Summer Camps, Music, Theatre, Health & Wellness classes or Community Events....we have something for everyone!!! As you look through the variety of programs, you can easily be linked to directly register online for specific activities by clicking on the registration code links provided.
Please be sure to check out our NEW Kidz Fit & Fun page with lots of information about our NEW Fitness Programs and Activities for kids!


text:
This is Ima, my hand dyed cotton sherpa piggy. She is stuffed with wool. She has embroidered eyes and mouth- and a wool felt heart. Tons of personality! This is a special order item.
Tags: Pig toy animal Waldorf
Shipping same to US and Canada. I also take USPS money orders. Please contact me for multiple item purchases as I am happy to adjust your shipping costs! :o)
Shipping options:
0123 9 inch... $25.00 each0123 9 inch weighted... $30.00 each0123 14 in ... $35.00 each0123 14 in weighted... $40.00 each
The price is $25.00 and the number available is 12.
If you would like to purchase this item, please login here or register for an account.
Back to Hillcountry Dollmaker in-stock store |
View past items


text:
Keep reading to see more of my weekend with me :)
Yesterday we went for an early Mother's Day meal at the Twin Sails Wharf Restaurant in Poole, Dorset, which overlooks the newly built Twin Sails Bridge and Poole Harbour. I had a gorgeous mackerel meal but when it is presented like the above it always makes me freak out! Tell me I'm not alone in this?! I then had to snap my Mum's chocolate dessert because the presentation was so beautiful.
Then of course today was Mother's Day itself, so we all had a big roast dinner and then my Mum and Nana opened their presents. I got my Mum this gorgeous swan necklace from Punky Pins because she has said for so long now how much she wanted a swan necklace, so imagine my delight to find this!
So a lovely quiet, but family time weekend was had, and now I'm feeling refreshed and ready for the new week. I am so happy the clocks have gone forward because I'm currently typing away at ten to 7 and it's still blissfully sunny and it means I can get so much more blogging done now so I can't wait!
I hope you all had a really lovely weekend. Let me know what you got up to below!


text:
A Simple Wish Trailer (1997)
"Anabel made a wish. Murray made a mess" 11 July 1997 Adventure, Fantasy, Action 86 mins
Murray is a male fairy godmother, and he is trying to help 8-year-old Anabel to fulfil her "simple wish" - that her father Oliver, who is a cab driver, would win the leading role in a Broadway musical. Unfortunately, Murray's magic wand is broken and the fairies convention is threatened by evil witches Claudia and Boots.
Watch the official A Simple Wish 1997 trailer in HD below or find more A Simple Wish videos on Vidimovie.