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Discussion in 'Vaginarium' started by 1200mk, Sep 21, 2005.
yes. as do those whove had chicken pox or mono or shingles.
Learn the difference between the kind caused by stress and the kind caused by an STD
They are not CAUSED by stress, they are both caused by a virus, just different varities. One that causes sores up there, and one that causes sores down there. They are different though, so going and kissing someone with a history of cold sores is not going to make you break out in genetal herpes.
Both will also present in times of stress, not just the ones around your mouth.
Yup, sure do. It's a different form (simplex I) but there ya go. Don't do oral while you have an active outbreak.
There aren't cold sores that are caused by stress; they're all caused by HSV1 (variant most commonly found orally). Stress can cause an outbreak, which is why a cold sore may pop up when you're stressed out, but the underlying cause of that cold sore is HSV1.
HSV1 is the most common varient found in the population, and a large number of the population have it & contract it during childhood. I think we can all think of at least one kid we knew in elementary school that had the occassional cold sore, and we all know how kids that age don't think about viruses (etc.) & the possibility that they may have one before they go and kiss someone...either out of a dare or puppy love.
Oh Snap!
Quoted for TROOF !!!
I get them quite frequently, no oral while I have an outbreak. Went to the STD clinic to ask about cold sores and they scared the hell out of me. Even if you dont have an outbreak, you can still pass the virus around in the form of cold sores or genital herpes. Nurse also told me there are studies that show that people with cold sores are less likely to contract genital herpes.
Food for thought.
I'm 16, still a virgin, and havent fooled around with a girl in months.
Yet, I get the occasional cold sore in my mouth. At first I thought I didnt "wash up" enough after masturbating (even though I didnt get any on my hands ), but now I guess it might be HSV1?
not. even. close. to what this thread's Q is about
yes, they're viruses, but not herpes or sexually transmitted
depends on where you kiss
Could come from anything, like sharing a drink or something as innocent as that. Once you have it it doesn't go away though, I've had mine for as long as I can remember (think some fucker with one kissed me when I was like 2). It comes and goes, usually an average of 2 a year I suppose, which stay around maybe from 2 days to a week depending how early I catch it. Nothing to worry about really, just be careful around others when you have an outbreak.
Oh and things like sunburn can bring it on, so yeh be aware.
they are all members of the herpes virus family.
chickepox is wat usually children get allover their bodies as well as few adults who escaped infection during their childhood this is called primary attack by herps zoster virus
secondary attack which is chicken pox reactivation during fever and illness as the virus remains dormant in the body causing wat is known as shingles
those are not STD
while herps simplex has two types , type I causes mouth lesions while type II causes sore in sexual organs
those are the STD and they flare up during stree,fever and lowered immunity.
Ohh I know a bad story about that
edit - everytime I see you post I always stop and look at your avatar Is that you?
I've had coldsores since I was 2 years old. It has nothing to do with sex (unless of course you are giving oral while you have one!).
One question though, does that work both ways? Just curious. If you perform oral sex on someone with a genital herpes outbreak, will you start getting coldsores?
chicken pox, mono, and shingles are HERPES?
Cold sores suck.
Quite possibly. But you wouldn't get just one or two cold sores, you would get a whole fuckload.
A person can get an oral herpes outbreak in the genital area but it will be limited to one or two sores, usually in the area that made contact with the cold sore. Genital herpes is a different animal and when someone has an outbreak of genital herpes, it's not just one or two sores, it's a whole bunch.
They're two different strains of the herpes virus. The oral strain is HSV-1 and the genital strain is HSV-2.
You can also contract genital herpes from someone who is not having an outbreak but still carrying the virus if you have unprotected sex with them. People don't think it's possible but the human body still sheds the virus in very small amounts even when an outbreak is not happening.
Use a rubber or get tested, people!
it is extremely important to note that use of a condom will not prevent the spread of herpes.
you can get herpes just as easily with a condom as you can without.
u can still get genital herpes if u use a rubber.
Rubber doens' cover the balls and some of the infected skin on the pussy lips or base of the penis can still come in contact with each other.
If u want to be safer, use a Glad garbage bag as a condom designed to protect the entire area.

subset: commoncrawl


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Results 1 to 4 of 4
Thread: Access 2003 Security Annoyances
09-27-04, 19:39 #1Registered User
- Join Date
- Jun 2003
- Location
- Longmont, CO
- Posts
- 258
Unanswered: Access 2003 Security Annoyances
Just tested my app on 2003 and discovered that several new security-related pop-ups are going to drive my users nuts.
1) When they open the Access .mdb they get a warning alerting them that .mdb's are dangerous. They then have to click on this message in order to open the app.
2) When they try to open Word merged documents that are created via the app, they get a warning saying that opening the .doc file will cause "SELECT * FROM..." and see my SQL statement for the merge. Once again the point of the email is that what they are doing is dangerous and they have to click to proceed.
Anybody know how to turn these things off?
Fly Girl
09-27-04, 21:57 #2Registered User
- Join Date
- Jun 2004
- Location
- Florida, US
- Posts
- 521
you should lower security level of office applications. in Access go to menu:
Tools->Macros->Security and set security level Low. that should stop warnings.ghozy.
09-27-04, 22:52 #3Registered User
- Join Date
- Feb 2004
- Posts
- 533
I have 2003 installed and have this problem with security warnings. Another option is to digitally sign your projects or use the Self Cert option as mentioned in the Access Help. I was looking at this a couple days ago but did not have the Self Cert options installed from the CD. For now just went with the easy answer and set Macro Security to Low, like ghozy said.
Signing a VBA Project~
09-28-04, 12:01 #4Registered User
- Join Date
- Jun 2003
- Location
- Longmont, CO
- Posts
- 258
It worked!
The annoying message from Access no longer appears by using the Tools>Macros>Security setting.
We'll look into signing our stuff, that sounds like a better way to go in the end. However, the one customer that upgraded on me will appreciate the fast fix.
Thanks guys!


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Auburn Collision 1
Review for Auburn Collision 1
Tina B. on 11/25/2015
Tina said this business got her in right away. They answered all of her questions, she was pleased with the service and they did good work.
Category: Collision
Service Date: 11/06/2015
Review Created: 11/25/2015
This review was collected via phone interview by Customer Research Inc.


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Living an unconventional life right now, where I have few material possessions, the desire and the wanting for more than I have can be great, but I now see that the receiving is only ever going to be a temporary experience. For example, I would love to take a vacation this year, but I am currently unable to. I love to travel and see the world, swim in the sea and really relax into a new environment. Watching others fly off can feel incredibly painful to the ego and so the wanting increases and yes, a great feeling of agitation builds up in me. Yet if I were in the present moment, fully, right now, I would not be thinking of future wants, I would be content, satisfied with where I am now.
When I think of my past unfulfilled desires, when the moment has passed, I relax, let go and accept my circumstances or my current life experience. When I think about fulfilled desires, the excitement and relief I felt when they arrived was not from the manifestation of the desire, but from the relief from the wanting that I mostly felt.
Are 'Law of Attraction' and 'Create Your Reality' teachings bringing us to a deeper experience of inner peace, or merely fuelling an increased sense of wanting?
I feel the latter. Yes, it's true that we can't stop a natural desire that bubbles up from the present moment, but the focus on the future manifesting of desires I no longer feel is healthy to the mind, body or spirit.
When something you want is not coming, has not arrived, and causes you much agitation inside, ask yourself:
Is it the 'thing' I want, or is it the relief from the agitation that the wanting causes?
Is it the vacation I want or the relief from agitation? In all honesty, my mind tells me it's the 'vacation', but my spirit tells me it's the relief from the agitation the yearning causes.
Becoming more mindful in our day-to-day lives, becoming more aware of our present moment, brings relief. This does not mean your desires will never manifest (they may or may not). It simply means that by being present you are more open to any and all opportunities for life to reveal and express itself through you. You are no longer held hostage by your thoughts for a 'future' desire to manifest, so you see truthfully what is really there. Life can then bring you what you need in the moment. What manifests may be your original desire, but we can never know what is outside our 'Present Moment' door, waiting to come in, if we are so fixed on opening another door, a 'Future' door, along the corridor.
It can be easy to feel the fear that if we take our eyes off the goal-posts for a second we will miss out, but this is only the ego and the mind's need to control. Nature, the natural unfolding of life, knows no fear. It simply knows everything works perfectly together when life flows. It does not need pressure or demands placed on it. It simply flourishes freely.
Are you ready for true freedom? Freedom from wanting?
Freedom from the agitation caused by wanting?
Freedom can only come now.
Agitation of mind is the cause of desire, the sense of doership and personality. If that is stopped there is quiet. There, 'knowing' means 'being' ~ Sri Ramana Maharshi


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28 February 2007 100 mins
Michael Brandon brings you his latest and greatest in an all-out sex-fest, Bang That Ass! The title says it all. The party starts off in the backyard with the boys getting a chance to see each other with clothes on. Watch carefully because the rest of the movie no one wears anything. Minutes in, the action starts and the boys are banging in every room. Every hole gets filled!
Watch the official Bang That Ass 2007 trailer in HD below.


text:
In Easy Upgrades: Kitchens, readers get the kitchen they've always wanted at a price they can afford with help from the experts at This Old House, the most trusted name in home improvement. Easy Upgrades: Kitchens focuses on the way people remodel now-budget-conscious and user-friendly with upgrades that maximize comfort, utility, and home value. Using real-world examples rather than sky's-the-limit fantasy projects, Easy Upgrades helps readers solve their most frequent complaints about the spaces in their homes. From chapters on All-in-the-Family Kitchen, The Colorful Kitchen, to The Right Kitchen for You and The Budget Kitchen, Easy Upgrades: Kitchens shows readers the smartest and most cost effective improvements they can make to increase the value and livability of their homes. Easy Upgrades: Kitchens also includes pro advice from expert contractors offering solutions that work, creative ways to do more with less, help with steering clear of common pitfalls, and advice on how to protect a remodeling investment after the job is done. This Old House has been the leading authority on home improvement for over 30 years. When it comes to remodeling, This Old House experts have seen and done it all, which means readers get the benefit of time-tested experience and proven results. "This Old House" is a magazine for homeowners in search of practical, affordable, and inspirational ideas for enhancing and maintaining their homes.
- House and home-remodeling and renovation general
- House and home-do-it-yourself general
- Kitchens - remodeling
- Construction


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Not really relevant...
Published by solarstarrkatt in the blog solarstarrkatt's blog. Views: 67
Okay, to update-
My laptop kind of broke. Not really "broke", because there weren't any hard drive failures, and nothing is wrong with the motherboard, but the little charger slot has something loose in it, so I can't even start up the darn thing. It is really old in computer time, my dad got it in like, 2004 or earlier, but when he gave it to me he had our computer guy rev it up a little with a 70 GB memory (little to nothing compared to my brother's laptop, which came with a 500 GB one he bought for 500 bucks). Really, really sad, because I had like, three stories on there I've been dying recently to work on. Oh, and I had Sims 2 on there.
Summer Vacation-squee! So far I've only had contact with my close friends that go to my school.
I read Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 1-3 in my time of no-story, and I got to say, I am really disappointed. The first book I fell in love with, the second I thought was dragging, and I almost hated the third. The only reason I "hated" the second was because Bailey died, and she wasn't even mentioned until the middle. The middle! She freaking died! What is she, an afterthought?
"Wait, am I missing something? Bailey? Oh, that girl that died! Well, I can squeeze her in here... perfect!"
Well, that's it! Oh, and I have this really awesome idea for a horror story, but I need to know how to make it less... horror movie contestant.
It'll be about this couple that really wants a baby, so they try any means necessary to get pregnant. They go to a witch doctor, and the doctor curses the child. The baby is born, and it turns out the child is a viscous cannibal. Suggestions would be appreciated. And if this seems like something you would read, let me know. Ciao!
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|08 Dec 2012
7 x64
Yes there is. You can't just Copy the ISO to a flash drive, that will not work.
You use a utility to put the Win 7 install files on the USB drive.
"ISO to USB" is one and MS makes one also, "Windows 7 USB DVD Download Tool". A Google search will turn up both of them.
|My System Specs
|09 Dec 2012
Windows 10 Education 64 bit
Windows 7 USB DVD Download Tool, Microsoft Store Online
Is the one I use.
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The radiance of nature is good for your mind, body and soul. Wear that radiance around your neck and on your ears with this gorgeous floral jewelry set from Crystaluxe. Made with brilliant Swarovski crystals that are hand placed and set in the design of whimsical flowers. The earrings and the necklace are made on glimmering sterling silver that provides a beautiful backing to each. The earrings have a sweet drop that provide just the right amount of dangle.
The vibrant blue and pop of dark rose make a perfect contrast. They flow great with a pants suit, formal dress, or even a cute workout top.
Made with Swarovski crystals
Crafted in sterling silver
18-in box chain


text:
Published: Tuesday 25th November 2014 by The News Editor
Interest rates will rise more slowly than previously thought because of pressure from the global economy, Bank of England governor Mark Carney told MPs today.
Mr Carney said he expected that "the next move in policy is going to be an increase" but said that since the summer factors weighing on inflation including the international slowdown had changed the likely path of rates.
The governor told the Commons Treasury Select Committee: "The combination of that means the cumulative tightening over the forecast period is likely to be less than previously thought."
He said the UK – which has seen interest rates at an historic low for more than five years and a £375 billion money-printing quantitative easing policy – was "still an economy that requires monetary stimulus".
His remarks come after the Bank's latest report on the UK economy predicted that the changing economic picture meant inflation was likely to fall below 1% in coming months. The governor had also said that Europe was haunted by the "spectre" of stagnation.
The report cemented expectations that rates would remain on hold at 0.5% until the second half of 2015. Mr Carney's comments today indicate that even after this, the rate at which the cost of borrowing goes up will be slower than had been thought.
Lower oil and commodity prices as well as the strength of the pound in recent months, together with struggling wages, have kept inflation low.
With Europe under pressure and growth in China slowing, David Cameron has warned that "red lights" are flashing for the global economy.
Asked about the remarks Mr Carney admitted there was a "heightened degree of external risk" – though he said the picture for the US, the world's largest economy was "somewhat different".
He defended the Bank's prediction for 2.9% growth in the UK economy – more bullish than that of other forecasters.
Mr Carney pointed to increased confidence and a better functioning financial system and said though there were still "issues" for small and medium businesses, there was access to credit for larger firms and households.
Wages were only just starting to improve though households were benefiting from lower food and petrol prices, he added.
But Mr Carney said: "This is still an economy that requires monetary stimulus to grow above trend and bring inflation back to target."
Despite warnings on Europe, Kristin Forbes, another member of the Bank's rate-setting Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), told MPs that the risks from the 18-nation bloc were not as high as during the previous crisis a couple of years ago.
She said: "I think there is less probability of severe break-up with severe negative consequences on the UK as there were two years ago."
Mr Carney declined to be drawn on the "intensely political" question of what effect a clampdown on immigration would have on the economy.
"We don't want to be in the middle of an election campaign in any shape or form," he told MPs.
Asked about whether immigration policy had tightened in the Bank's view, he said: "There has not been a change in policy that has affected the outlook of the MPC."
Mr Carney, who is Canadian, added: "As an immigrant to this country, I am grateful to the open policy."
Ian McCafferty, another member of the MPC, told MPs: "Inward migration can provide elements of skill that are in short supply. Reduction here would therefore lead to an increase in skills shortages."
Published: Tuesday 25th November 2014 by The News Editor


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This dome camera is designed with 1/4 in. CMOS color sensor. It comes with 2.8 mm up to 12 mm vary-focal lens and 700 lines of resolution. Perfect for indoor use.
- 700 TVL resolutions
- 1/4 in. CMOS color sensor
- 2.8 mm up to 12 mm vary-focal lens
- Plastic dome housing for indoor use
- Click here for more information on Electronic Recycling Programs


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Men arrested over Newtownabbey approach to child
Three men have been arrested after a report of an approach to a child in the Newtownabbey area.
Police said a number of men were reported acting suspiciously in a car in the Bawnmore area and that they had approached a young boy close to a shop on Sunday.
Three men were subsequently arrested following another incident in the Bawnmore Grove area of Newtownabbey on Wednesday afternoon. Police would not discuss the nature of that incident.
Inspector Colin Ash said: "Shortly after 4.30pm it was reported that a number of males in a car were acting suspiciously in the area. It was reported that a car matching the description had been seen in the area of Bawnmore Park on Sunday evening and the occupants had approached a young boy close to a shop in the area.
"Police responded and the three males, aged 49, 55 and 58, were arrested in the Shore Road area on suspicion of going equipped for theft. A fourth male, who was reported to have been in the car, made off on foot along Mill Road.
"All three suspects remain in custody assisting police with their enquiries."
Belfast Telegraph Digital


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- Mehrnaz Anvari, Cina Aghamohammadi, +8 authors Mohammad Reza Rahimi Tabar
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Although fluctuations in the waiting time series have been studied for a long time, some important issues such as its long-range memory and its stochastic features in the presence of nonstationarity have so far remained unstudied. Here we find that the "waiting times" series for a given increment level have long-range correlations with Hurst exponents… (More)
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Complex systems involving a large number of degrees of freedom, generally exhibit non-stationary dynamics, which can result in either continuous or discontinuous sample paths of the corresponding time series. The latter sample paths may be caused by discontinuous events - or jumps - with some distributed amplitudes, and disentangling effects caused by such… (More)
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We propose a nonlinear method for the analysis of the time series for the spatial position of a bead trapped in optical tweezers, which enables us to reconstruct its dynamical equation of motion. The main advantage of the method is that all the functions and parameters of the dynamics are determined directly (non-parametrically) from the measured series. It… (More)
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the… (More)
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This paper reports stochastic properties of renewable wind and solar energy resources by studying their conditional probability distribution functions (cpdf) in different time lags. The empirical results are obtained for data of global horizontal irradiance measured by a single sensor and the power output of a single wind turbine, as well as for an averaged… (More)
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Emergent extreme events are a key characteristic of complex dynamical systems. The main tool for detailed and deep understanding of their stochastic dynamics is the statistics of time intervals of extreme events. Analyzing extensive experimental data, we demonstrate that for the velocity time series of fully-developed turbulent flows, generated by (i) a… (More)
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A. Mamathi Chari
Easily the best tamil host in Television and Radio.
1.she speaks 10 languages, including Russian and German
2.She was a RJ in Big 92.7 FM, 7am - 10am, BIG Vanakkam (Monday to Saturday)
3.She was a Miss Chennai 2000 finalist.
4.She was the most popular host in Vijay Tv an 2007 hosting Hello Thamizha, Jillunu oro santhippu and Jillunnu oru Challaenge.
B. Anu Hassan
*She is a Bitsian , a Msc physics and MMS degree holder from Pilani.
*She is also a Jazz Singer and has given performances at the US consulate in Kolkata
*She Played basket ball for Trichy district
*Anu is Chandra Hassan s daughter obviously of the Hassan clan.
*She is the niece of Kamal Hassan and cousin of Suhasini. Charu Hassan is his Father's elder Brother.
*Anu won the Best Supporting Actress award for her TV role in Anbulla Snehgidhiye
*She plays the lead role in Rekha IPS, a Mega serial in Kalaignar Tv.
*She has done modeling assignments for Lifebuoy, Jeychandran and Quaker Oats
*She has opened her own Health, Hygiene juice and Smoothies shop in Mayajaal Food court and another in Egmore in Wellingdon Estate opp ethiraj college,Right next to ponnuswamy's called Squash'd, a chain of parlours that offers juices and smoothies in the open store format a la Jamba Juice, the fruit juice conglomerate based in the U.S and has given employment to under-privileged people.
*She has trained in Chiramam, Silambam, Kurunthadi and Kaipoor
*She has worked as a Line Producer for the film Mumbai Xpress
*She has lent her voice for Raveena Tandon, Preity Zinta and also the famous SriLankan Tamil voice in the film Nala Damayanthi
*She has acted in Tamil films like Indira(as the lead heroine) and as character artist in Hit films like Run, Aalavandhaan, Anjeneya, Nala Damayanthi and Akku
*She is very active in adventure sports like Bungee-jumping and scuba diving
* She hosts Koffee with Anu in Vijay Tv which is a super hit program
·She has acted in Alaipayuthey, Engal Anna, Sorry, Ennakku Kalyanam Ayiduchu , Yuga , Mozhi
·She was popular for her hosting Illamai puthithu in sun tv, Kallakka povathu aru-1 in Vijay Tv, Ellamay sirruppu than in Kalaignar Tv. Right now she is hosting Aachi Tamil Pechu en Mochu than in Vijay Tv.
·She is a seasoned and Trained dancer
*A graduate from MOP Vaishnav College where she was the student President. She went on to do her MBA, from Symbiosis, PG Diploma in Acting and Direction from Sanjose State University, CA, USA and at present pursuing her Masters in Bharatanatyam from the Madras University. She is deeply involved in her search and research on certain aspects of dance in which she would be pursuing her doctoral degree.
*Founder Trustee and Director of RANGA MANDIRA, a Trust founded to promote Bharatanatyam and other performing arts.
·She has won many awards and rave reviews for bharatha natyam
·She also hosted a dance based TV programme in Srilanka's Sakthi TV
D. Divya Darshini
Easily the best now.
DD amongst all, her performance as a host in Garnier Fructis Jodi No 1 Season 1 and 2 was well appreciated. She is still remembered for her excellent hosting of kallakka povathu yaaru part 2 and 3 . She is hosting Vijay jodi number one now.
She has acted in some serials out of Which Chithi was famous.
E. Chinmayee K Sripadaa
She made her singing debut in A. R. Rahman's Kannathil Muthamittal and since then has sung songs mostly in Tamil films like Enakku 20 Unakku 18, Boys, Arinthum Ariyamalum and Sandakozhi. Her most recent songs to date is from the recently released Hindi album, Guru, Veyil, Sivaji, Bheema and etc.
She also presented the first season of Super Singer on STAR Vijay that was aired between April and August 2006 and the first season of Airtel Super Singer Junior February 2007 - July 2007. She is also a radio presenter on Aahaa FM 91.9 in Chennai, on a breakfast show titled 'Aahaa Kaapi Klub', on air Monday to Friday between 7 to 10 AM. She has dubbed for three movies, Sillunu Oru Kaadhal (for Bhumika Chawla) , Unnale Unnale (for Tanisha Mukherjee) and Satham Podathey (for Padma Priya)
She recently hosted Padum office in Vijay TV.
F. Charmila
The host of the show,Jillunu oru santhippu now, Charmila is an enthusiastic young actor who has done lead roles in Malayalam and Tamil. She has acted with eminent heroes Prashanth, Mohanlala, Jeyaram and others which has gained her more popularity in the film industry. She also participates in Vijay Jodi number one as a contestant waiting for wild card entry.
G. Hemamalini
1.Born and brought up in Singapore, Malini moved to Chennai after her marriage to singer-actor Yugendran.[ He is the son of famous Malaysia Vasudevan]
2.She is a sinhalese by birth.
3.She was one of the cabin crew members of Singapore Airlines
4.She was the head Swarnoli, a FM radio station in Colombo
5.She also represented Singapore in the Mrs Globe pageant held in the US for the year 2006-07
6.She runs her own event management company, My Film Works in Singapore
7.She is hosting Isai Kudumbam for Vijay Tv and Ghana Kuyil Pattu for Kalaignar Tv. She had earlier hosted a program in KTV and also a cookery program in Vijay TV.and was a participant In Jodi Number one season 2.
H. UpComing Anchors who are going up the charts in Vijay Tv
Anchor for EQ2 now. Earlier for Grand Master
Ramya is the co host for Kallakka povathu Yaru-4, earlier Anchor for King Queen Jack in Vijay Tv


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Sir Henry Cooper OBE, (born May 3, 1934) in South East London, is a retired English heavyweight boxer and was the British, European and Commonwealth heavyweight champion in 1970.
Cooper was also the only British boxer to win three Lonsdale Belts outright.
This dvd contains 4 of his fights as listed below:
vs Joe Erskin (a great 3rd meet between the two, with an amazing climax!)
vs Muhammed Ali I (1963 at Wembley Stadium, when Cooper knocked Clay down in the fourth round with his trademark left hook, "Enry's 'Ammer")
vs Muhammed Ali II (Muhammad Ali later said, on British television, that Cooper "had hit him so hard that his ancestors in Africa felt it")
vs Floyd Patterson (the footage on this fight is blurry but you can still see exactly what is happening)
Henry Cooper 4 fight dvd
- Product Code: cooper
- Availability: In Stock


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Air's Rock Trailer (1984)
01 June 1984 30 mins
A portmanteau of two films about Uluru (then known as Ayres Rock). "A huge isolated rock in the midst of desert in Australia: Ayers Rock. I produced two films around this rock; however, the method of the filming are different. The first, "Moments At The Rock," shot with an amateur video camera, was made as a free style improvisational film. The camera got strange halations from the strong sunshine in the desert of Australia, and I was quite surprised by the result which surpassed the color change caused by nature over the rock. This film was awarded Grand Prize at the Edison International Film Festival. In "A Rock In The Light", I requested the music of Haruyuki Suzuki, a contemporary composer. This music is unified with the image, which is visually structured, setting the rock at the center, along the axis of light. For the new DVD version, I titled "Air's Rock" - Takahiko Iimura
Watch the official Air's Rock 1984 trailer in HD below or find more Air's Rock videos on Vidimovie.


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When this good guy saw a scared kitten clinging to a truck near his office, he just couldn't leave her like that. Turns out, "the mama kitty ran off… and ditched the kitten. No other kittens could be found," – redditor JustAnotherGoodGuy explained. Immediately after finding the kitty, the man sent the picture to his wife asking "can I bring it home?" His wife's reaction? "Who could say no to that face?" – she said.
"My husband sent this picture and said "can I bring it home?""
"Who could say no to that face?"
The couple took it to the vet and "that's how [they] found she's a she"
"[Axel] has made herself right at home with our 19 year old cat and 2 year old dog. She's safe, sound, warm, and… loved"
Source: www.boredpanda.com


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Jay-Z to Perform at the MSG Tonight
Longtime rapper and entertainer Jay-Z is set to tour around most major American cities to promote his new album "The Blue Print 3," which just released in the U.S. on September 8th. He plans to hit the Madison Square Garden tonight at 8:00 pm before heading to Canada for a string of shows. On October, 24th Jay-Z is scheduled to perform at the Dunkin Donuts Center in Providence, RI and the Mullins Center in Amherst, MA will welcome him the following day.
Jay-Z is recognized as one of the best rappers of our generation. He has 11 studio albums and four collaboration albums. Along with a tight rap game, the artist is also highly recognized as a record executive, record producer, entrepreneur, philanthropist, businessman, and fashion designer. He is the former CEO of Def Jam Records and Roc-A-Fella Records. His distaste with some hip hop today is the primary reason Jay is back with "The Blue Print 3" His biggest hits on the album are "DOA"(Death of Auto-Tune) and "Run This Town."
Tickets for Jay-Z are now available right here at AceTicket.com!
Categories: Concerts, Jay-Z, Madison Square Garden, New York Events


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The Rise of Gen Z – Will Pursuing Passions Cause a Skills Shortage?
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Love what you do and do what you love are words we see so frequently, from memes on social media to slogan branded coffee mugs and notepads. Phrases like "find a job you love and you will never work a day in your life" are commonplace, promoting a drive of a career for love over career for status. The question is, what does this shift in the way we think about work mean for the future marketplace? As we all pursue our passions (which in reality are the more 'fun' industries) what are the consequences for those industries left behind?
How many of you, if asked the question 'what job would you do if money was no object' would answer 'the job I am currently in'? Chances are, very few. If we all went off to pursue a career in our passion tomorrow, which industries would be hardest hit? A question we need to start asking, particularly as Generation Z start penetrating the marketplace. These newcomers to the workforce are ones driven by passion, change, technology and are fuelled by a career for enjoyment over a profession for life. Whilst many Gen Z's today are still at school level age, within a decade they will account for as much as 10% of the workforce. Comprising of over 2 billion people globally, Gen Z are the future of our workplace.
We all know that the children of today affect the future of tomorrow, but do we know what this means for the jobs of today? Predictions suggest approx 65% of children entering school today will work in jobs that today do not exist. Furthermore, some of the top in-demand jobs today were not around 10 – 15 years ago. We have already experienced a shift through the generations in the workforce and this change will further continue. An evolving landscape of in-demand jobs will inevitably lead to the decline or skills shortages in certain industries. The question is which ones?
If we look at the characteristics of Gen Z, they are a generation born into a world of sophisticated and established technology. With a wealth of digital information at their fingertips, they are a generation all about growth and improvement, expanding and evolving their knowledgebase. Predictions suggest Gen Z will be inspired by careers involving the environment, society, medical advancement and technology. They are characterised by their desire to help and change the ways of the world and are global thinkers. Gen Z are all about enjoyment, fulfilment, flexibility and variety and are likely to be in search of work/life balance and pursuing their passions.
This notion of following your hearts' desire is not limited to Gen Z. With the rise of social media we are all living in a digital era with daily influences and soundbites of greener grass on the other side. Minimalism is trending heavily amongst Gen Y where the concept of less is more is driving a movement of having less means doing and seeing more. Pursuing passions over a career/wealth are already infiltrating the wider generations, a movement that may further impact the industry demographics of the future.
As Traditionalists, the generation of hard work, loyalty and commitment almost disappear from the workplace, so too does the notion of work being a privilege. Traditionalists were raised during lean times, believing that hard work and long hours were the key to a better way of life. Traditionalists value security, commitment and consistency. Fast forward to Gen Z and we have a generation who value flexibility, change and a work/life balance as a means to a better way of life. At opposite ends of the current workforce we have opposing values and beliefs.
The workforce landscape changes faster than we think. With each departing generation a new one connects, bringing with it a new set of skills, strengths and mindsets. The shift in the perceived value of employment through the generations inevitably leads to a change in in-demand jobs and the favourable industries to work in. As we look ahead to the jobs of the future, we must take stock of tomorrow's available resources for the jobs of today.
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|Reviews for Sandalwood and Steel
| MainCrick chapter 1 . 1/9/2009
:O I'm gonna cry! Sesshomaru you bitch! how cruel...
hey could you correct the text? there's like 2 words for line, and i guess it's until the coma. i'm just saying, because it takes a lot of fluency out.
other from it, great.
| Serpent at Sunset chapter 1 . 5/13/2008
Sesshoumaru is such a...no I won't ruin the poetry. Sandalwood and steel was a genius title. (Tries to imagine what it would smell like.)
| inuaiko chapter 1 . 5/13/2008
makes me wanna cry T_T great job i loved it, eventhough it made me sad great job
| MadeNew chapter 1 . 5/12/2008
I wonder if that is really what alienated Sesshomaru from InuYasha. They could each be such a valuable ally to the other...
Astounding. I loved the last line(s) - so cold, so...Sesshomaru. So hurt. "Is THAT what father died defending?" Poor InuYasha. He couldn't possibly understand what his brother meant.


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Laurence Weinbaum eBooks
eBooks found: 1
Ponary Diary, 1941-1943: A Bystander's Account of a Mass Murder
Yitzhak Arad & Kazimierz Sakowicz & Laurence Weinbaum
Yale University Press, November 2005
Format: PDF
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14 November 2012
Seeyond Flexible MT rewarded at 2012 Globes de la Gestion awards
Seeyond Flexible MT has taken 1st prize in the "Flexible" fund category at the 2012 Globes de la Gestion awards, given by Gestion de Fortune magazine.
The award recognizes the high quality of investment management at Seeyond, Natixis AM's investment division in volatility management and structured products, and its capacity to generate performance.
/// Seeyond rewarded for flexible expertise
In a still complex market environment, flexible strategies provide responsiveness and diversification and can help investors mitigate shocks while still profiting from rallies. Seeyond Flexible MT has proved its resilience in this environment.
As Frank Trividic, head of Flexible Beta & Volatility management of Seeyond, explains: "Investors have to cope with increasingly complex and volatile markets. Diversifying is a must, but no longer suffices to control risk.
We offer them a dynamic and opportunistic multi-asset class management where each market and geographical area is analyzed independently, making for considerable responsiveness to adjust the exposures and capture market uptrends while mitigating the impact of downtrends."
Seeyond Flexible MT aims to achieve a positive performance by exploiting investment opportunities primarily across global equity, fixed income and currency markets over a minimum recommended investment horizon of 3 years. Equities exposure can be up to 50%.
Stéphanie Bigou, fund manager of Seeyond Flexible MT explains: "We combine the use of proprietary quantitative tools with a discretionary approach.
The joint use of these approaches makes it possible to achieve a steady performance that is less-correlated compared to that of the main asset classes. To satisfy our objective, we implement various strategies, including directional or arbitrage positions.
Additionally, we make full use of all authorized exposure margins in a very broad investment universe, especially equities, sovereign bonds, credit, currency (up to 100%), emerging markets (up to 40%), and so on. We can also choose to move entirely to cash if our anticipations about risky asset classes were negative."
/// Les Globes de la Gestion in brief
The Globes de la Gestion are a new range of investment awards designed to bring together key players in the asset management universe and recognize fund managers across 8 categories. The methodology was developed in partnership with Quantalys, a firm specialized in measuring fund performance.
Funds are selected based on their 5-year Sortino index. This is similar to the Sharpe index but substitutes DSR (downside risk) for global volatility in the denominator.
DSR is volatility measured solely when the market performance is bearish (i.e. below a certain value, in this case the performance of Eonia).
The core idea is to recognize that volatility (the variation of a security around its average value) only becomes a problem when value is falling.
Consistent with the aim of honoring funds that are resilient in bear markets, only those funds whose maximum drawdown over five years was less than average for their category are eligible.
>> Consult the dedicated Flash Awards
>> For a detailed explanation of the methodology see www.quantalys.com or www.lesglobesdelagestion.com
Source: Gestion de Fortune – 12.2012
The quoted figures refer to the past. Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future performance. References to a ranking, prize, or grading for a UCITS are not an indication of its future performance. The main investment risks are capital loss risk, discretionary management risk, over-exposure risk and equity risk. For further information see the prospectus/key investor information on www.seeyond-am.com.


text: In reality Jesus was a fourth-degree initiate and one of the older disciples of the Masters of Wisdom. He appeared before in biblical times as Joshua, the son of Nun, then as Isaiah, and again as Joshua in the book of Zachariah. In Palestine he made the great sacrifice of allowing himself to be used by Maitreya to fulfill His mission during the three years following the baptism in the River Jordan. During his life, Jesus also symbolically enacted the five initiations which lead one to Mastership. The experience on the cross was the enactment of the 4th initiation for Jesus (his birth, the baptism, and the transfiguration on the mount symbolize the first three), while at the same time Maitreya underwent a higher initiation.


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As East Harlem prepares to undergo a sweeping rezoning that would dramatically alter its landscape, a block-long site that is home to four community gardens is slated to become a 751,000-square-foot, mixed-use development.
Mayor Bill de Blasio's administration has selected Jonathan Rose Companies, a prolific developer of rent-regulated housing, to construct 655 apartments and a host of amenities intended to create a self-sustaining community along East 111th and 112th streets, mayoral spokeswoman Melissa Grace said. The mostly city-owned site is bound by Madison and Park avenues and excludes two lots the administration was unable to acquire — a four-floor apartment building and a vacant plot of land.
In addition to apartments, the project will include a YMCA, supermarket, restaurant, job training center, preventative health care facility run by Mount Sinai, 85,000-square-foot DREAM charter school and space for the 122-year-old community organization Union Settlement, Grace said.
The new homes will be rented to people earning a range of incomes: One-fifth for three-person households earning up to $24,480, 60 percent for families of three making up to $48,960 and 20 percent for families of three earning $106,031. The highest bracket is more expensive than market-rate apartments for long-term and new tenants in East Harlem, but the city is dubbing this a "100 percent affordable" project because the city's housing agency will regulate all rents.
Read more: Large mixed-use development slated for city-owned block in East Harlem | Politico
Related: In wake of failed Inwood rezoning, city returns with new affordable housing pitch | The Real Deal
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The X Factor USA draws to a close tonight (December 22, 2011) after a phenomenally successful first season that has stretched back as far as September, with auditions dating back as far as March of this year. The show was renewed in November, meaning that a second series will happen, to the delight of Simon Cowell; but before that the finale of the inaugural run hits screens on Thursday with three evenly-matched competitors vowing for the chance to become the first winner.
Melanie Amaro, Chris Rene and Josh Krajcik have never really looked troubled on their way to the final in truth, despite early attention going to youngsters Astro, Drew and Rachel Crow - the latter particularly causing outrage when she was eventually evicted from the show after Nicole Scherzinger refused to save her. Now though the final trio will found out their fate, after duetting with established stars on last night's show. Amaro teamed up with R&B eccentric R Kelly, Rene sang with Avril Lavigne and Krajcik appeared alongside Alanis Morissette.
Perhaps of the three it's the latter's appearance in the final that's the most surprising - 30 year-old Krajcik possessing a much rougher rock n' roll style in comparison to crooner Rene and the soulful Amaro who has both the looks and the voice to make a real impact at the top. Ultimately though it'll all come down to the public vote at a star studded event that'll also see Justin Bieber perform, among others.


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20-Hydroxyeicosatetraeonic acid (20-HETE) produced by cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases in NADPH-dependent manner is proinflammatory, and it contributes to the pathogenesis of systemic and pulmonary hypertension. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), a major source of NADPH in the cell, prevents 20-HETE synthesis and 20-HETE-induced proinflammatory signaling that promotes secretory phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells. Lipidomic analysis indicated that G6PD inhibition and knockdown decreased 20-HETE levels in pulmonary arteries as well as 20-HETE-induced 1) mitochondrial superoxide production, 2) activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 and 3, 3) phosphorylation of ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 that activate transcription of tumor necrosis factor-α gene (Tnfa), and 4) expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Moreover, inhibition of G6PD increased protein kinase G1α activity, which, at least partially, mitigated superoxide production and Elk-1 and TNF-α expression. Additionally, we report here for the first time that 20-HETE repressed miR-143, which suppresses Elk-1 expression, and miR-133a, which is known to suppress synthetic/secretory phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells. In summary, our findings indicate that 20-HETE elicited mitochondrial superoxide production and promoted secretory phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells by activating MAPK1-Elk-1, all of which are blocked by inhibition of G6PD.
- TNF-α
- elk-1
- mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 and 3
- extracellular signal regulated kinase 2 and 1
- protein kinase G
- miRs
20-Hydroxyeicosatetraeonic acid (20-HETE) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. We demonstrate here, to the best to our knowledge for the first time, that it stimulated inositol 1,4,5-triphoshate stores and increased the production of mitochondrial superoxide in the pulmonary arteries. Activation of PKG by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) inhibition blocked the 20-HETE-mediated signaling.
20-hydroxyeicosatetraeonic acid (20-HETE), the ω-hydroxylation metabolite of arachidonic acid (AA), is produced by cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases of the (CYP4A and CYP4F gene) families in an NADPH-dependent manner (49). 20-HETE is proinflammatory and it regulates vascular and renal function (49). It also plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of systemic hypertension, renal stenosis, and atherosclerosis (27, 63, 65). 20-HETE increased by hypoxia inhibits hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery constriction (69). However, its role in the hypoxia-induced inflammation of pulmonary arteries or lungs is yet unclear.
Recently, our laboratory also found that 20-HETE is involved in promoting prolonged hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction and that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), which is a major producer of NADPH in the cell, and cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase enzymes are functionally coupled in vascular smooth muscle tissue (unpublished observations). G6PD inhibition relaxes pulmonary arteries by decreasing intracellular calcium (20), prevents switching of vascular smooth muscle cells to a synthetic phenotype (9, 10), and reduces pulmonary hypertension (9, 47). However, whether prolonged hypoxia-induced 20-HETE-synthesis is G6PD dependent or independent and whether G6PD modulates 20-HETE signaling in the vascular smooth muscle remain unknown. Various cell types in the lungs produce 20-HETE. Notably, airway and peripheral lung tissues produce the most 20-HETE (70). Since 20-HETE is an autacoid, we studied the effects of G6PD inhibition on extracellular 20-HETE-elicited cell signaling. Proving the existence of such an interaction will be of clinical importance.
Increased production of 20-HETE in vascular tissue or application of 20-HETE to blood vessels stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell contraction (52) as well as reactive oxygen species production (37, 53). 20-HETE activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1 and 3 (also known as extracellular signal regulated kinase 2 and 1, respectively) and promotes secretion of cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-6 (6, 30, 40, 59). However, the sources of reactive oxygen species stimulated by 20-HETE in vascular smooth muscle cells remain unknown and the mechanisms through which 20-HETE stimulate the secretory or synthetic phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells are not clearly understood. Therefore, this study was undertaken to test the hypothesis whether the inhibition of G6PD prevents 20-HETE production and 20-HETE-induced proinflammatory signaling that promotes secretory phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells.
All physiological buffers [Krebs, 120 mM KCl (HiK), 30 mM KCl (30K), and HEPES] were prepared by using salts (analyzed reagent grade) from Baker Chemical. All gas tanks were purchased from Air Gas (Allentown, PA). Dehydroepiandosterone (DHEA), 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN), and maleimide were obtained from Sigma Chemical (St. Louis, MO). 20-HETE was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI).
Animal studies.
All experiments were performed following the New York Medical College Animal Care and Use Committee-approved protocol in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Adult male G6PD mutant mice and appropriate age-matched wild-type (WT) controls were used. The mutation results in decreased translation of G6PD and leads to ∼20–40% residual G6PD activity G6PD mutant mice compared with the WT littermate control mice (26, 48).
Tissue preparations.
Bovine lungs were obtained from the local slaughterhouse in ice-cold physiological-buffered saline (PBS). The third order branches of pulmonary artery were used for experiments as published previously (25). Pulmonary arteries were cleaned of their connective tissue and cut into rings of 2- to 3-mm diameter and width. Thoracic aorta was isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats (340 g) and 2- to 3-mm length rings were used as described in previous studies (23). Endothelium was removed by rubbing the lumen with wooden stick. Freshly prepared blood vessel rings were used in studies for vascular reactivity and Western blot protein analysis.
Measurement of vascular reactivity in bovine pulmonary arteries.
20). Arterial rings were incubated in Krebs-bicarbonate buffer containing 118 mM NaCl, 4.7 mM KCl, 1.5 mM CaCl2, 25 mM NaHCO3, 1.1 mM MgSO4, 1.2 mM KH2PO4, and 5.6 mM glucose for 1 h under resting tension of 5 g. In all studies, arterial rings were depolarized with KCl (120 mM) containing Krebs bicarbonate buffer and then the rings were equilibrated with Krebs-bicarbonate buffer for 30 min. As mentioned in results, interventions were conducted under prolonged hypoxia (40 Torr) or under aerobic conditions. For acute experiments the blood vessels were exposed to hypoxia or aerobic conditions for 1 h while for prolonged experiments they were exposed for 12 h.
Western blot analysis.
Freshly prepared arterial rings were flash frozen by using liquid nitrogen. These frozen arterial rings were pulverized and homogenized in NP-40 lysis buffer (50 mmol/l Tris·HCl pH 7.4, 150 mmol/l NaCl, and 0.5% NP-40) containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors. The expression level of all the proteins except protien kinase G1α (PKG1α) was obtained under reducing condition as described previously (36). Thiol reducing conditions were avoided in the samples analyzed for PKG1α dimer (by not using β-mercaptoethanol). Maleimide (100 mM) was added in the lysis buffer in samples where PKG was measured to alkylate the thiols to avoid any artifactual disulfide bond formation during homogenization as published previously (42). Protein quantification analysis was conducted by Bradford assay and samples were prepared for gel electrophoresis. Proteins were separated using 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE). Gels were transferred to PVDF membranes and the membranes were blocked with 5% milk in Tris-buffered saline with Tween-20 for 1 h. Subsequently, membranes were incubated in primary and secondary antibodies as per manufacturer's protocol. Protein bands were visualized with an enhanced chemiluminescence kit (Pierce 32106) on X-OMAT autoradiography film (Kodak). Protein levels were measured using densitometry analysis by the ImageJ software. The following antibodies were used for immunoblotting: total Elk (A-303-530 A; Bethyl Laboratories), PKG1α (SC10338; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), p-ELK-1 (SC8406; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), TNF-α (SC-292640; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), pNFATc3 (SC-8405; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), tNFATc3 (SC-365786; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), β-actin (A5441; Sigma), pErk1/2 (p42/44; 9101; Cell Signaling), tErk1/2 MAP kinase (p42/44; 4695; Cell Signaling), total VASP (3132; Cell Signaling), and phospho VASP (3114; Cell Signaling).
cGMP assay.
Rings made from third order bovine pulmonary arteries were incubated in tissue baths in Krebs solution under aerobic conditions for 12 h and were treated with either 6-AN (1 μM) or DHEA (100 μM) or were left untreated and then frozen in liquid nitrogen after 12 h. Rings were then weighed and crushed in liquid nitrogen and cGMP levels were measured using the cGMP EIA Kit (item no. 581021) purchased from Cayman Chemical Laboratory.
Superoxide measurement using chemiluminescence.
As published previously by our laboratory (24), changes in superoxide were measured from quantifying the chemiluminescence of 5 μM lucigenin in a liquid scintillation counter (LS6000IC; Beckman Instruments, San Diego, CA) with a single active photomultiplier tube in a dark room. Initial background chemiluminescence (blank readings) was measured in plastic scintillation minivials containing only 5 μM lucigenin in 1 ml of Krebs solution buffered with 10 mM HEPES-NaOH (pH 7.4) in the absence of tissue. Right after obtaining the blank readings, arterial rings were added into each vial to measure the chemiluminescence in presence of the tissue (tissue readings). Blank measurement was subtracted from subsequent measurements made in the presence of arterial rings. The rings were weighed at the end of the experiment. The counts (tissue-blank) were divided by weight to gain the final data in counts per minute per gram of tissue.
Superoxide measurement using HPLC.
Measurement of the superoxide-specific hydroxylated products of MitoSox and dihydroethidium were employed for quantifying changes in mitochondrial and extra-mitochondrial superoxide, using previously described methods (71). Before the start of the experiment increasing concentrations of Mito-2-hydroxyethidium or 2-hydroxyethidium were loaded into the column to generate a standard curve. Third order bovine pulmonary arteries were incubated with 20-HETE (1 μM) in the presence and absence of G6PD inhibitors, DHEA (300 μM), and 6-AN (3 mM) for 12 h and were then treated with either 5 μM MitoSox or dihydroethidium (DHE) for 1 h in the dark to measure mitochondrial and extra-mitochondrial superoxide, respectively. They were washed several times with Krebs solution buffered with 10 mM HEPES-NaOH (pH 7.4) and then flash frozen with liquid nitrogen. Tissues were first weighed and then pulverized in the presence of liquid nitrogen, dissolved in a solution of 100% acetonitrile (HPLC grade). These samples were incubated at −20°C for 1 h. After 1 h, samples were centrifuged and the supernatant was used for HPLC analysis of the superoxide-specific hydroxylated product of MitoSox (Mito-2-hydroxyethidium) or of dihydroethidine (2-hydroxyethidium) using an HPLC system with a Jasco FP-1520 fluorescence detector and a Beckman ultrasphere reverse column (C18; 5 μ, 250 × 4.6 mm).
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: analysis of 20-HETE and PGE2.
For the mass spectrometry analysis we used endothelium denuded third order bovine pulmonary arteries and lungs from G6PD mutant and WT mice. The arterial rings were incubated in tissue baths for 12 h under hypoxia or aerobic conditions after giving them passive tension of 5 g and were either treated with DHEA (300 μM) or 6-AN (3 mM) or were left untreated. After 12 h the arterial rings were flash frozen in liquid nitrogen. The arterial rings and lungs were then weighed and pulverized in liquid nitrogen and the lipids were extracted as previously mentioned (15). To test if microsomal G6PD contributed to production of 20-HETE, we treated SD rat liver microsomes with either DHEA (300 μM) or 6-AN (3 mM) and 1 μg AA in the presence and absence of 1 mM NADPH (61).
A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for identification and quantification of eicosanoids was developed on a Shimadzu Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer LCMS-8050 equipped with a Nexera UHPLC using multiple reaction monitoring mode. MS conditions were as follows: ionization mode: negative heated electrospray (HESI); applied voltage: −4.5 to approximately −3 kV; nebulizer gas: 3.0 l/min N2; drying gas: 5.0 l/min N2; heating gas: 12.0 l/min air; interface temperature: 400°C; DL temperature: 100°C; heat block temperature: 500°C; and internal standards: d6 20-HETE, d8 5-HETE, and d4 PGE2. UHPLC conditions were as follows: analytical column: Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 RRHD (50-mm long × 2.1-mm inner diameter, 1.8 μm); mobile phase A: 95% water 5% acetonitrile 0.05% acetic acid; mobile phase B: acetonitrile 0.05%; time program: 40% B (0 min)→75% B (3 min)→85% B (7.5 min); flow rate: 0.4 ml/min; injection volume: 5 μl; column oven temperature: 40°C. MRM transitions were as follows: 20-HETE, CE 19.5 m/z: 319.2→289.2; 20-HETE, CE 19.5 m/z: 319.2→289.2; 20-HETE, CE 19.5 m/z: 319.2→289.2; d6 20-HETE, CE 19.0 m/z: 325.2→295.2; 15-HETE, CE 13.0 m/z: 319.2→219.2; 12-HETE, CE 13.5 m/z: 319.2→179.1; 5-HETE, CE 15.0 m/z: 319.2→115.0; d8 5-HETE, CE 14.5 m/z: 327.5→116.0; PGE2, CE 16.0 m/z: 351.1→271.2; and d4 PGE2, CE 18.0 m/z: 355.3→275.2.
MicroRNA expression by quantitative PCR.
MicroRNA (miR) analysis was performed by quantitative (Q)PCR as previously described (8). Briefly, total RNA was extracted from aorta using Qiagen miRNEasy kit (No. 217004). Input RNA quality and concentration were measured on NanoDrop and cDNA was prepared using miR-specific TaqMan miR assays (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Quantitative PCR was performed in triplicates using TaqMan Universal PCR Master mix. Ct values from standard curves were then used to quantify relative expression of specific miR. Standard curves were made for each miR using synthetic miR oligonucleotides (IDT, Coralville, IA) with the following sequence: rno-miR-145: GUCCAGUUUUCCCAGGAAUCCCU; rno-miR-1: UGGAAUGUAAAGAAGUGUGUAU; rno-miR-143: UGAGAUGAAGCACUGUAGCUC; and rno-miR-133a: UUUGGUCCCCUUCAACCAGCUG.
Cell culture.
A7r5 smooth muscle cells were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA) and maintained under 5% CO2 at 37°C in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with l-glutamine, 4.5 g/l glucose, and 10% fetal bovine serum (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Cells at ∼70% confluence were subcultured weekly using 0.05% trypsin-EDTA (GIBCO cat no. 25300-054, Thermo Fischer Scientific, Grand Island, NY) for up to seven passages.
Statistical analysis.
Values are means ± SE of the number of samples (n) from different animals. Statistical analyses were performed and unpaired Student's t-test was used to compare two groups and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction was used for comparing multiple groups. P < 0.05 was used to establish statistical significance.
G6PD inhibition or knockdown decreased endogenous production of 20-HETE.
Synthesis of 20-HETE by CYP4A and 4F is dependent on NADPH (5). In the vascular smooth muscle cells a majority of NADPH is produced by G6PD and 6PGD. Therefore, we measured 20-HETE levels in the aerobic and prolonged hypoxic pulmonary arteries treated without and with G6PD inhibitors. 20-HETE was undetectable in pulmonary arteries under aerobic conditions, and its levels increased (3.1 ± 0.6 pg/mg tissue) within 30 min after the vessels were exposed to hypoxia, and it remained elevated for 12 h (Fig. 1A). G6PD inhibition reduced (P < 0.05; Fig. 1A) 20-HETE and PGE2 levels were not affected by G6PD inhibition (control: 16.75, DHEA: 17.88, and 6-AN: 17.89 pg/mg). We also found that 20-HETE levels were significantly less in the lungs of G6PD mutant compared with WT mice (Fig. 2B). CYP activity was not modified by 6-AN (3 mM; 61 ± 3 pg 20-HETE/h/25 μg microsomes; n = 5) vs. control (76 ± 3 pg 20-HETE/h/25 μg microsomes; n = 5).
G6PD inhibition increased PKG activity without increasing intracellular cGMP and decreased 20-HETE production in a PKG-dependent manner.
Previous work done in our laboratory has demonstrated that G6PD activation contributes to the development of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (20) and inhibition of G6PD with 6-AN (1 mM) blocked it in a PKG-independent and -dependent manner (10, 21). To determine whether G6PD inhibition activated PKG, we treated the arterial rings with DHEA and 6-AN for 12 h. G6PD inhibition by DHEA (100 μM) and 6-AN (1 mM) did not increase cGMP (Fig. 2A) but concurrently increased PKG1α dimer (Fig. 2C), the physiologically active form of the kinase (17, 34, 35), and augmented phosphorylation of VASP at Ser239 (Fig. 2B), which is an indicator of PKG activity, in the same samples. It is noteworthy that a competitive and irreversible inhibitor of PKG, 2-bromo-3,4-dihydro-3-[3,5-O-[(R)-mercaptophosphinylidene]-β-d-ribofuranosyl]-6-phenyl-9H-imidazo[1,2-a]purin-9-one sodium salt (Rp-cGMPs; 100 nM), decreased DHEA-mediated PKG1α dimer expression (Fig. 2C).
Next, we determined whether PKG signaling-mediated G6PD inhibition induces reduction of 20-HETE levels in pulmonary arteries. We incubated the arteries in the absence or presence of the PKG inhibitor Rp-cGMPs (100 nM) and the G6PD inhibitor DHEA. Interestingly, inhibition of PKG with Rp-cGMPs partially reversed the suppression of 20-HETE by G6PD inhibitors (DHEA + Rp-cGMPs: 1.3 ± 0.3 pg/mg tissue).
G6PD inhibition prevented 20-HETE-mediated downregulation of PKG1α dimer expression and upregulation of pErk1/2.
To determine the signaling pathways through which 20-HETE evokes inflammation, we measured the PKG1α dimer-to-monomer ratio and pErk1/2. Application of 20-HETE (1 μM) to pulmonary arteries decreased PKG1α dimer-to-monomer ratio and increased pErk1/2 (Fig. 3, A and B). G6PD inhibition blocked the 20-HETE-induced decrease in the PKG1α dimer-to-monomer ratio and the increase in pErk1/2.
G6PD inhibitors via activation of PKG blocked 20-HETE-induced production of mitochondrial superoxide in the pulmonary arteries.
20-HETE stimulates reactive oxygen species that are proinflammatory, -migratory, and -proliferative (49, 64, 66). Previous studies reported that 20-HETE increases superoxide production (detected by DHE fluorescence by microscopy) in aortic and pulmonary artery endothelial cells (7, 37). Since this approach to detect superoxide is semiquantitative and is somewhat nonspecific, we employed HPLC methods to determine extra-mitochondrial and mitochondrial superoxide levels in pulmonary arteries in response to 20-HETE. Mitochondrial but not extra-mitochondrial derived superoxide production was stimulated by 20-HETE (1 μM) under aerobic conditions (Fig. 4, A and B) and hypoxia (6585.385 nmol/g of tissue). In contrast, dibromo-dodecenyl-methylsulfimide (DDMS), a potent inhibitor of CYP4A (1 μM), blocked mitochondrial superoxide production in the pulmonary arteries under chronic hypoxia (Fig. 4C).
Since G6PD-derived NADPH regulates superoxide production from NADPH oxidases (22), we examined whether 20-HETE-elicites generation of superoxide in a G6PD-dependent manner. DHEA and 6-AN blocked the increase in 20-HETE-elicited superoxide production. Next, we investigated whether 20-HETE-induced superoxide production was reduced by G6PD inhibitor(s) in a PKG-dependent manner. Therefore, we treated pulmonary arteries with 20-HETE for 12 h in tissue baths after pretreating them with either DHEA or 6-AN alone or in the presence of Rp-cGMPs and then measured superoxide production by lucigenin chemiluminesence method. Inhibition of 20-HETE-induced superoxide productions by DHEA and 6-AN was partly reversed by Rp-cGMPs treatment (Fig. 4D). Additionally, we found that 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2APB; 60 μM), an antagonist of the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) receptor, blocked the increase in mitochondrial superoxide elicited by 20-HETE [in arbitrary units/g tissue: control (221,998 ± 32,463); 20-HETE (565,749 ± 123,822); and 2APB + 20-HETE (114,705 ± 42,092)].
20-HETE-induced expression of TNF-α by pulmonary arteries is blocked by G6PD inhibitor(s).
Inflammation is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of systemic and pulmonary hypertension (39). Since proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α is involved in the acute phase reaction and IL-6 evokes late phase reaction, we determined TNF-α and IL-6 expression in the arteries/pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells exposed to 20-HETE. TNF-α has a soluble form and a transmembrane form (28), both of which are involved in the inflammatory response. We were able to detect the transmembrane form in the pulmonary artery smooth muscle. TNF-α expression increased (P < 0.05) in arteries (Fig. 5A) and smooth muscle cells (data not shown) exposed to 20-HETE. 20-HETE increased IL-6 level (in pg/ml; control: 266 ± 44 and 20-HETE: 443 ± 97; P < 0.05).
Next, we investigated if inhibition of G6PD decreased 20-HETE-induced expression of TNF-α and if this is mediated via PKG. We treated pulmonary arteries with 20-HETE for 12 h after pretreating them with either DHEA or 6-AN alone or in the presence of Rp-cGMPs. DHEA and 6-AN decreased 20-HETE-induced expression of TNF-α in a PKG-dependent manner (Fig. 5A).
20-HETE increased Elk-1 expression and pretreatment of arteries with G6PD inhibitor(s) decreased Elk-1 expression.
Elk-1 drives transcription of Tnfa gene (19). Transcriptional activation activity of Elk-1 is increased by Erk1/2 (MAPK)-dependent phosphorylation at Ser383 and conversely is decreased by PKG1α-dependent sumoylation (11, 31). Since 20-HETE decreased PKG1α and increased pErk1/2, we estimated Elk-1 expression status in arteries treated with the CYP4A inhibitor DDMS and in arteries treated with 20-HETE in absence and presence of the G6PD inhibitors DHEA or MitoTempol. DDMS decreased Elk-1 expression in pulmonary arteries under prolonged hypoxia (Fig. 5B). 20-HETE upregulated Elk-1 expression (Fig. 5C), which was decreased by the pretreatment with DHEA and by MitoTempol (1 μM).
20-HETE decreased miR-143 and miR-133a in rat aorta and increased Elk-1 expression in aortic smooth muscle cells. It is established that miR-145/143 and miR-1/133a are involved in the regulation of smooth muscle cell phenotype (32). miR-143 suppresses the expression of Elk-1 (12, 46). Activation of Erk1/2 (MAPK1/3) downregulates miR-133a expression, and this promotes a synthetic phenotype in vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and in vivo leading to remodeling of blood vessels (57). Therefore, we asked the question whether 20-HETE affects the expression of miR-133a and miR-143? We used rat aorta and aortic smooth muscle cells to study the effect of 20-HETE on miR expression and concomitantly on the miR-143 target, Elk-1. We applied 20-HETE (0.1 and 1 μM) to isolated rat aorta for 12 h and then measured miR-1/133a and miR-145/143 by QPCR. 20-HETE did not significantly affect the expression of miR-1 or miR-145 (Fig. 6, A and C). Expression of miR-133a (Fig. 6B) and miR-143 (Fig. 6D) in aorta was decreased by application of 20-HETE in a dose-dependent manner. Since 20-HETE elevated reactive oxygen species and G6PD inhibitors decreased it, we also examined if H2O2 and G6PD inhibitors regulated miR-143 levels. We found that H2O2 decreased and G6PD inhibitors increased miR-143 levels in aortic smooth muscle cell line (A7r5; Fig. 6E). Furthermore, we observed that G6PD inhibition by DHEA and mitochondrial ROS by MitoTempol decreased the 20-HETE-induced increase in Elk-1 in A7r5 cells (Fig. 6, F and G).
The detection of G6PD and CYPs complex in the vascular smooth muscle identified by proteomic analysis (Table 1), along with the observation that G6PD inhibition or knockdown decreased 20-HETE levels, suggests G6PD and CYP4-ω-hydroxylases are functionally coupled in vivo These findings complemented earlier studies, which showed that CYP4A and 4F family monooxygenases generated 20-HETE in a NADPH-dependent manner (4, 44). Furthermore, 20-HETE is increased by hypoxia in the pulmonary artery and G6PD inhibition blocked the synthesis of 20-HETE. Since G6PD inhibition blocked 20-HETE signaling, it is reasonable to propose that inhibition of 20-HETE-dependent signaling pathways that elicit constriction and inflammation of the arteries are potential mechanisms through which G6PD inhibition decreases hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary hypertension (9). Therefore, our findings indicated that G6PD-derived NADPH is a driver for 20-HETE-synthesis and that upregulation of G6PD expression or activity not only increases endogenous levels of 20-HETE but also modulates 20-HETE signaling in vascular diseases such as pulmonary hypertension.
20-HETE is pro-proliferative, -inflammatory, and -migratory (49, 66), all of which contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic and pulmonary hypertension. Although the increase in 20-HETE by hypoxia inhibited acute hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery constriction (2, 69), it time and dose dependently increased superoxide production from NADPH oxidases in the cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cells (37). Also, studies have reported that 20-HETE-induced superoxide mediated flow-induced constriction of cerebral arteries (58). Our current results further demonstrated that inhibition of 20-HETE biosynthesis by DDMS decreased mitochondrial superoxide generation and conversely application of 20-HETE to endothelium denuded pulmonary arteries for 12 h elicited superoxide generation from mitochondria but not from extra-mitochondrial sources. This led us to the question of how does 20-HETE increase mitochondrial superoxide generation? One potential explanation was 20-HETE passed through the gap junctions (unpublished data) and stimulated mitochondrial superoxide. Alternatively, since 2APB blocked 20-HETE-induced superoxide (see results) and 20-HETE stimulates Ca2+ release from IP3 receptors potentially through a PLA2 or G protein-coupled receptor-dependent mechanism in airway smooth muscle cells (50), the data suggest that 20-HETE potentially triggered mitochondrial Ca2+ overload through SR-mitochondrial coupling, which is well known to increase mitochondrial respiration/metabolic rate and superoxide levels (13, 33). Although the functional role of mitochondrial vs. extra-mitochondrial superoxide in the development of vascular diseases is not yet well characterized, elevated superoxide in the cell has been shown to inactivate nitric oxide (NO) and soluble guanylate cyclase-PKG or activate Erk1/2 signaling pathways (24, 38) and contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases including pulmonary hypertension (18, 36). Therefore, from our current findings it is reasonable to suggest that elevated mitochondrial superoxide mediated, at least partly, 20-HETE-induced pulmonary artery dysfunction.
Superoxide is mitogenic and proinflammatory in vascular smooth muscle cell (56). Along these lines we found that 20-HETE, which increased mitochondrial superoxide, robustly increased expression of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IL-6 in pulmonary artery and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell, respectively. Interestingly, G6PD inhibition decreased mitochondrial superoxide production and TNF-α expression elicited by 20-HETE. Transcription of the Tnfa gene is elevated by reactive oxygen species-induced NF-κB activation (51) and is also increased by Elk-1 (19). 20-HETE is a known activator of NF-κB (30). Here, we also found that 20-HETE upregulated and DDMS downregulated Elk-1 expression, respectively, in pulmonary artery. Although we did not investigate whether the smooth muscle cells or other types of cells in the arterial wall produced 20-HETE, our findings suggested that signaling pathways stimulated by both endogenous and exogenous 20-HETE regulated Elk-1 expression. Furthermore, 20-HETE applications to the rat aorta decreased miR143, which is known to inhibit Elk-1 expression (12), and suppressed miR-133a, which prevented expression of synthetic (secretory/proinflammatory) phenotype in vascular smooth muscle cells (57). Therefore, these findings suggested that 20-HETE-induced transformation of the vascular smooth muscle cells from contractile to secretory/proinflammatory phenotype that increased Tnfa is mediated through the miR143-Elk-1 pathway and inhibition of G6PD or mitochondrial superoxide generation by MitoTempol prevented this.
The TNF-α-induced increase in cGMP paradoxically downregulates PKG1α expression in the bovine aortic smooth muscle cells (3). Therefore, it is reasonable to speculate that 20-HETE-induced overexpression of TNF-α downregulated PKG1α. Interestingly, G6PD inhibition decreased 20-HETE and rescued 20-HETE-induced downregulation of PKG1α and increase of pErk1/2. Since inhibition of G6PD-derived NADPH redox oxidized Cys42 residues on PKG and activated it (10), we proposed that application of G6PD inhibitors to pulmonary arteries for 12 h oxidized Cys42 residues that either prevented or overruled the 20-HETE-induced decrease of PKG1α leading to an increase in the PKG1α dimer and VASP phosphorylation without increasing intracellular cGMP levels. Previous studies showed that PKG1α dimer is elevated in vascular tissue by DHEA (43, 45). Furthermore, the increase of PKG activity by G6PD inhibition decreased 20-HETE levels as well as 20-HETE-induced mitochondrial superoxide generation. This suggests that either PKG inhibited CYP4 activity or downregulated hypoxia-induced CYP4 expression. In this regards, NO is known to block CYP4-derived 20-HETE (1, 62) and increased NO-mediated activity of cGMP/PKG has been associated with downregulation of CYP4A enzymes in various organs and renal arteries of a LPS-treated rat model of septic shock (60). The increase of PKG activity sumoylates Elk-1 and inactivates it (11). In contrast, the increase of MAPK1/Erk2 activity phosphorylates Elk-1 at Ser383 and stimulates its transcriptional activity (68). Accordingly, since G6PD inhibition upregulated miR-143 expression and decreased 20-HETE-induced Elk-1 expression, we proposed that increased PKG and decreased Erk1/2 activity by G6PD inhibition antagonized the 20-HETE-induced increase of Elk-1 leading to reduction of TNF-α expression. Moreover, DHEA and 6-AN decreased mitochondrial superoxide and increased miR-143, H2O2 downregulated miR-143, and MitoTempol blocked 20-HETE-induced Elk-1 expression; all of this suggested that H2O2 derived from mitochondrial superoxide mediated the action of 20-HETE and this was antagonized by G6PD inhibition. Therefore, our current findings suggested that 20-HETE-induced mitochondrial superoxide production and synthetic (secretory/proinflammatory) phenotype in vascular smooth muscle cells are decreased by G6PD inhibition via activation of PKG-dependent signaling and a concurrent decrease in Erk2/MAPK1 activity.
In vascular smooth muscle cells, 20-HETE has been shown to stimulate PI3K-MAPK (55) and RAS-MAPK (41) pathways that are activated by reactive oxygen species and that contribute to development of hypertension (67). 20-HETE-dependent hypertension is associated with microvascular remodeling (14, 16), a contributor to the development and maintenance of hypertension. Microvascular remodeling is promoted by a variety of stimuli resulting in structural changes including collagen synthesis and deposition, reorganization of the extracellular matrix, increased proinflammatory signaling, and altered matrix metalloproteinase activity rendering vessels stiffer and thicker and noncompliant, thus further exacerbating hypertension (29). Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest that increased 20-HETE-mediated mitochondrial superoxide generation potentially contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension.
In summary, the salient findings of this study are summarized in Fig. 7 and they are as follows: 1) CYP4-ω-hydroxylases (or 20-HETE biosynthesis is) are redox sensitive and are regulated by G6PD-derived NADPH; 2) inhibition of G6PD decreased endogenous levels of 20-HETE levels; 3) 20-HETE increased mitochondrial superoxide, which was blocked when G6PD was inhibited; 4) G6PD inhibition blocked 20-HETE-induced expression of Elk-1, which promotes the secretory phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells; and 5) 20-HETE application to rat aorta decreased miR-143, which suppressed Elk-1 expression, and potentially promoted TNF-α secretion from vascular smooth muscle cells.
The study was supported by intramural funds (to S. A. Gupte) and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Grants R01-HL-115124 (to M. S. Wolin) P01-HL-34300 (to M. L. Schwartzman).
No conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, are declared by the author(s).
Author contributions: A.L., V.D., S.R.J., K.H.G., and D.P. performed experiments; A.L., V.D., S.R.J., K.H.G., D.P., and D.S. analyzed data; A.L., S.R.J., D.S., M.S.W., M.L.S., and S.A.G. interpreted results of experiments; A.L. and V.D. prepared figures; A.L., S.R.J., and S.A.G. drafted manuscript; A.L., V.D., S.R.J., K.H.G., D.P., D.S., M.S.W., M.L.S., and S.A.G. edited and revised manuscript; A.L., V.D., S.R.J., K.H.G., D.P., D.S., M.S.W., M.L.S., and S.A.G. approved final version of manuscript; S.A.G. conception and design of research.
A part of these results were presented at the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) meeting (Boston, MA, 2012).
- Copyright © 2016 the American Physiological Society


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Shaolin Warrior Program
The Shaolin Warrior Program is by far our most popular course. We recommend it to anyone considering training with us. Refined and developed since our opening in 2008 it packs in the best elements of Chinese Kung Fu, Chi Kung and meditation in a way which has proved to give our students just what they want. Since most of our students are complete beginners in Kung Fu, we have developed the Shaolin Warrior Program to get beginners of to a strong start from day one. For those with experience, this program is still the best choice although we will push you ahead faster.
The Shaolin Warrior Program is a balanced mix of the different arts that we teach. It runs five days a week – Wednesdays and Saturdays are rest days and are ideal for exploring our local area.
We recommend that all students other than those wishing to take Kung Fu instructor training follow the Shaolin Warrior Program as their basic course of study. To this can be added our Intensive Introductory course and as much private tuition as desired.
What you can expect to learn over different periods of time.
Our rooms are very comfortable with private bathroom and toilet. Rooms are shared between two people. If we are not full, you will be offered a room to yourself at the shared room price. If we are full, you can pay a surcharge for your own room. Please specify when you book. See our price list for details.
We supply breakfast every day and an evening meal five days a week as part of the package. Lunches can be supplied to order for a very small cost. Details.
For details of the training schedule click here. You are welcome to put in as much extra training as you wish outside the scheduled training times. Training takes place in groups. Private tuition is available on request for an additional fee.
Use of facilities
When staying at Nam Yang Mountain Retreat, all of the facilities, such as the kung fu gym and wifi are at your disposal for no extra charge.
While at the Nam Yang, you are respectfully requested to abide by the Nam Yang Code of Conduct.
Here are some sample packages available at the Kung Fu Retreat with suggestions as to just how much you can reasonably expect to learn in the time. Obviously this will vary from person to person. We do try to adapt our teaching to the people we have with us at the time and their individual interests.
We can, of course, book you in for any length of stay that you want. Prices quoted are for the Shaolin Warrior Program with accommodation, food and facilities as specified here.
Short Stay Packages At The Mountain Retreat, (up to 3 months).
1 Week, 2 Weeks, 1 Month, 3 Months.
Medium Stay Packages At The Mountain Retreat, (up to 1 year).
Long Stay Packages At The Mountain Retreat, (over 1 year).
Intensive Introductory Course
Our Intensive Introductory Course is designed to get people who have not trained in our arts before off to an extra fast start. It comprises eight hours of private / small group teaching on the fundamentals of kung fu and chi kung and runs during the breaks between the main training sessions. We recommend this to all new students. It is especially useful for those who are staying only a short time at our Retreat and those who need extra confidence. The intensive introductory course costs $150 US.
If you are coming to do Shaolin Warrior Program and have little or no experience of our arts, the intensive introductory course gives you a quick start and prepares you better to join in with the regular students. It comprises eight hours intensive private / small group tuition on the basics of the art, spread over the first week of your stay.
The content is flexible to suit individual requirements but typically includes detailed instruction on:
- The Tong Ling chi kung system;
- Chi kung theory;
- Stance and posture;
- Steps of the 'Sum Chien' routine (the basic exercise of the Shaolin Tiger – Crane art);
- Basic steps and postures of the sun frost white crane art;
- Body mechanics for strength without size;
- Powerful penetrative striking using internal Power;
- Simple defences;
- Basics of pushing hands.
Price $150 US per / 5000 Thai Baht person. Available only to those on the Shaolin Warrior Program.
Intensive Fight Camps
Do you want to fight in the ring / cage? Our intensive fight camps offer serious coaching in competitive fight, particularly K1 kickboxing and San Da (Chinese Boxing). Technique, know how and power in punches, kicks, takedowns, throws and standing grapples / clinches. Combinations. Strength and fitness. Knowledge on diet, cutting weight, fight preparation and winning the mind game. Lots of sparring with detailed feedback from our coaches. If you are focussed on entering competitions, this is the choice for you.
* Warrior Fight Camp, for amateur and semi professional fighters: 13 - 27 August 2016
* Intensive Fight Camp Feb 2017, for amateur fighters: February 11-25, 2017
* Intensive Fight Camp June 2017, for amateur fighters: June 10 - 24, 2017
From: $718 US - $790 US for room shared between two
To: $1,150 US - $1,250 US / for private room
* 5 days / week, 5.30 to 7 hours training per day
* Chi Kung,
* Take Downs
* Punching Power and combinations
* Conditioning
* Meditation
* Kicks
Discover the full Training Schedule
* How to stretch
* Fight preparation
* Intelligent fighting
* Training Program and diet
* Cutting weight
* The Mind game
Read more about our Intensive Fight Camps
Instructor Training Courses
Train here in the mountains with us for an extended period and at the same time learn to teach and to run a kung fu school. When you graduate, set up your own kung fu school in a location of your choice. A way to change you life style and make a living doing what you love. This is a brilliant opportunity for those who want to make kung fu their lifestyle.
Launch Your Self Into An Exciting New Life In A Truly Awesome Place With A Set Of Outstanding Teachers.
Picture your self:
- Learning the original martial art which has inspired countless generations: Shaolin Kung Fu!
- Launching yourself into a new life and new career.
- Becoming part of one of the great martial arts families with a long line of awesome masters.
- Mastering your self then leading and inspiring others.
- Developing your self to new heights - physically, mentally and spiritually.
- Spending time amongst the mountains, forests and pagodas of Thailand's remote northern frontier.
- Meditating to find the calm within your self and to unlock your real potential.
- Learning in small groups in a genuinely English speaking environment.
Picture this in your mind - how do you feel?
Imagine joining this proud line of kung fu masters. Picture your self armed with their skills and training techniques. Imagine life as a kung fu master. How different would it be? How much better would it be? Imagine being calm and completely in control of your self so that nothing disturbed you, nobody got on top of you. What would this be worth to you? What could be worth missing this opportunity for?
- Don't resign yourself to a lifetime of being ordinary.
- Don't miss this opportunity to unlock the power you have within.
- Contact us via our contact form and let us know that you are interested in training to be an instructor. You will be contacted personally by Master Iain Armstrong, Chief Instructor at the Kung Fu Retreat.
"It is really useful to have a true master. And of course, I have been taught by quite a few different people, each with their own emphasis and way of doing things. Good to get back to basics. It is a joy to pause and reach for that calm place inside, to rebalance and recharge the mind and body." - Ram, former student.
How to get started
We have made this process as streamlined as possible. Simply click on the link below for full details of the instructor course, then contact us for a personal reply. It's as easy as that! If you need further information, we will be happy to supply it.
For full details of martial arts instructor certification course, click here.
Apprentice Instructor Program.
We are now taking on apprentice instructors. We consider this our best value course. If you are interested in long term kung fu training and maybe a career in martial arts take a look at our apprentice instructor program.
Instructor certification courses at the Kung Fu Retreat have now been thoroughly updated based on our experiences over the last 6 years. What we have found is that most of the people who are interested in becoming an instructor need intensive training which is keyed to their own individual interests and which does not take too long or cost too much money but delivers all of the results necessary for long term success. Our new format is designed specially to fit these needs and works like this.
Training in teaching and in establishing and running a successful kung fu school is concentrated into a 2 week intensive course which will run once or twice a year depending on demand. Successful completion of this course will earn a martial arts instructor certification through Nam Yang.
Assessment in which arts an instructor is qualified to teach will be done on an individual basis by the Master level instructors present - most likely Grand Master Tan and Master Iain. This will include the following arts. Most of these can not be learned in a short time so a suggested minimum training time is included for qualification as a teacher in the art. Obviously this will differ for people who are already trained in these arts.
The Chi Kung Mastery Program:
· Tong Ling Chi Kung. 2 weeks.
· Tat Moh's Vein Tendon Chi Kung. 2 weeks.
· Iron Shirt Chi Kung. Only available to experienced instructors.
· Shuang Yang Pei Ho. 4 months.
· Sum Chien. 3 months.
· Stretching. 2 weeks.
· Meditation. 1 month.
The Shaolin Warrior Program:
· Tiger – Crane Combination Kung Fu. 6 months - 2 years.
· Shaolin Weapons. 6 months - 2 years.
Sport Martial Arts Program:
· Chinese Boxing (San Da) 6 months - 2 years.
We do not expect that every teacher will be an expert in all of these areas so we work closely with each individual so as to make sure that they achieve what they want. For individual advice, please contact us.
The two week intensive teacher training course costs $ 350 US in addition to the normal weekly cost. Other than this there is no additional cost for instructor training, just the standard price for the Shaolin Warrior Program as found on our pricelist.
How To Apply.
For a personal response from our chief instructor please contact us making it clear that you are enquiring about the instructor training program.
If you are interested in training with us long term and perhaps pursuing a career as a martial arts instructor check out our apprentice instructor training program.
We believe that our apprentice instructor scheme is the best value course that we offer. You get to stay for an extended period but pay only for the first 6 months. After that you stay for free and may even be able to get paid work with us. After the initial training period of 6 months, apprentice instructors stay and train for free at the Kung Fu Retreat in return for helping with the teaching. This is a great opportunity to gain teaching experience and further training. The minimum time for an apprenticeship is one year (including the initial 6 months) but it can be extended indefinitely. Apprentice instructors can begin at two different times each year, approximately the start of May or November. Anyone interested in joining this scheme should contact us directly.
At the moment our organization is gaining popularity at an incredible rate so we are in need of more teachers. The chances of apprentice instructors getting a long term placement with us are high. If you are looking for a career teaching martial arts, this is a very good opportunity.
For a personal response from our chief instructor Iain Armstrong, please contact us making it clear that you are enquiring about the apprentice instructor scheme
Private Tuition
We can supply private tuition to suit each student. It has the advantages of your being able to choose what you want to learn and getting the full attention of your teacher. This is a great way to learn fast and is ideal if you want to learn something which is not being taught in the group session – for example a specialist weapon. It is also ideal if you want detailed feedback and coaching on your skills. We can also supply personal fitness training.
It is a great idea to book a few hours of private tuition to get detailed attention on the things that you most want to perfect.
We are happy for you to pick which teacher you would like. Do please book in advance since our teachers all train hard themselves so they have a very limited amount of free time into which to fit personal training. Costs vary between 600 and 2,500 Thai Baht per hour depending on the experience level of the instructor.
You are welcome to book private tuition at the same time as booking your stay with us or arrange it after you arrive.
Need more information? Please use the form on the right of the page to contact us – we will be happy to provide detailed answers to your questions.