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MOVIE SYNOPSIS [ General Audiences ] Directed by Patrick Desmarattes, this feature film with audio in English (original language) was premiered in 2012. The movie, whose libretto belongs to Patrick Desmarattes, was developed in USA. You can watch Inara, the Jungle Girl online on TV cable or theaters with original audio in English at different dates. This film premiered in theaters in 2012.
Rating: 5 by 314 users./
Runtime: 71 minutes
Brittany Bass, Cali Danger, Gerald Desmarattes, Destiny Dumon, Ultimate Gojirah, Charis Jeffers, Madison Kitten, Blair Martin, Tarver Mcknight, Logan Myers, Orlando Ricci, Christopher Robinett, Tim Ross, Kathy Butler Sandvoss, Empress Sayuri and Sam Sexton.
71-minute film (full movie) directed by Patrick Desmarattes.
The original audio of Inara, the Jungle Girl has dialogues in Dolby Digital, it was produced in USA.
It premiered in cinemas or television in 2012.
Screenplay written by Patrick Desmarattes.
Christian Simpson.
Red Valkyrie Studios.
Without commercial breaks, the full movie Inara, the Jungle Girl has a duration of 71 minutes; the official trailer can be watched in streaming on the Internet. You can watch this full movie free in EnglishDolby Digital in movie TV channels, renting the DVD or with VoD services (Video On Demand player, Hulu) and PPV (Pay Per View, Netflix).
See the page of this full movie, Inara, the Jungle Girl in FULLTV Movies.


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Pursuing Early Financial Independence through Dividend Growth Investing and other Passive Income.
Saturday, October 4, 2014
Weekly Roundup - October 4, 2014
Other than that it was another work filled week which was honestly welcomed after the craziness of the past few months with Lucas, our son. It was nice to get back into a semi-routine and have a sense of normalcy. Plus it didn't hurt that I was able to actually write some posts here. It's a nice little escape. Other than that we're stuck in limbo with Lucas until Monday when we'll hear back from the FDA.
I know it's a bit old but it's interesting to see nonetheless. The New York Times had an interesting chart showing the tax rates, across all levels, for companies in the S&P 500 between 2007 and 2012. During that period 9 companies paid no taxes at all and 1 out of 7 paid less than a 10% effective tax rate. The insurance and energy industries had the highest effective tax rates at 51% and 37% respectively. Anyways, here's the link to the interactive infographic if you want to play around with it.
In case you missed them, here's the posts from the past two weeks.
Now on to the links!
Why I'm liking accumulation vs one-time investment by Financially Integrated
If my 2 1/2 year old son could buy stocks by Retire Before Dad
I have failed BANKRUPTCY! by Asset-Grinder
Do you sell after a dividend cut? by DivHut
Recent buy by Dividend Mantra
You don't need to be right all the time to succeed with dividend investing by Dividend Growth Investor
Will you encourage your kids to attend college? by Income Surfer
Outlook for October 2014 by Roadmap2Retire
Ma Bell by Dividend Dreamer
My investment plan, made real! by Dividend Developer
The psychology of lower returns by A Wealth of Common Sense
The world continues to ignore Warren Buffet's coiled spring by The Conservative Income Investor
I hope you all have a great weekend!
8 comments:
Thanks for the inclusion. Much appreciated.
I hope all remains well with Lucas. :)
Best wishes!Replies
No problem.
Things are still up in the air but I just heard from the hospital and the procedure is a go. So he should at least get a better shot to fight this!
Thanks for stopping by!
Thanks for the inclusion. UTX should do just fine over the long haul.ReplyDelete
Keep cranking,
Robert the DividendDreamerReplies
I'm excited to start a position with UTX and I expect good things from them for years to come.
Thanks for stopping by!
Thank you for mentioning my college savings post. Have a great week buddy!ReplyDelete
Well it's looking like it'll be a good week. Finishing up a well as I type and then I'll be heading home tonight. Just got word that they'll be doing the procedure that should give Lucas a better shot. And I should be home for a week. It's starting off good so far!
Thanks for stopping by!
JC -- hope all goes well with Luke and that you'll hear great news tomorrow...ReplyDelete
Just got word from the hospital and they said we a go for the procedure. It's still not a guarantee but it should give him a better shot which is great!
Thanks for stopping by!

subset: commoncrawl


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EducationI graduated from Cornell University majoring in economics and mathematics with distinction in both subjects. I am also a member of Phi Beta Kappa. GPA:4.0/4.0. I am currently working in the Finance industry.
ExperienceSAT Math:800
GRE Verbal:730
GRE Math:800
Passed CFA Level I
FRM Level II candidate
I have a passion for teaching, and love to teach students the subjects that I am interested in.
HobbiesMusic, Swimming, Table Tennis
Preferred Subjects
Business Statistics, 7th Grade Reading, 7th Grade math, 5th Grade Reading, 5th Grade math, 5th Grade, 4th Grade Writing, 4th Grade Science, 4th Grade Reading, 4th Grade math, 4th Grade, 7th Grade Science, 7th Grade Writing, Arithmetic, 9th Grade Writing, 9th Grade Reading, 9th Grade math, 9th Grade, 8th Grade Writing, 8th Grade Science, 8th Grade Reading, 8th Grade math, 8th Grade, 3rd Grade Writing, 3rd Grade Science, 1st Grade math, 1st Grade, 12th Grade Writing, 12th Grade Reading, 12th Grade math, 12th Grade, Algebra 2, ACCUPLACER ESL, ACCUPLACER Elementary Algebra, ACCUPLACER College-Level Math, 1st Grade Reading, 1st Grade Writing, 3rd Grade Reading, 3rd Grade math, 3rd Grade, 2nd Grade Writing, 2nd Grade Reading, 2nd Grade math, 2nd Grade, AP Chinese Language and Culture, AP Chinese, Algebra 3/4, ACCUPLACER Arithmetic, 7th Grade, 10th Grade math, 10th Grade, Applied Mathematics, AP Statistics, AP Microeconomics, AP Macroeconomics, 11th Grade Writing, 11th Grade Reading, 11th Grade math, 11th Grade, 10th Grade Reading, ACCUPLACER Sentence Skills, 6th Grade Writing, 6th Grade Science, 6th Grade Reading, 6th Grade, 5th Grade Writing, 5th Grade Science, 6th Grade math, Algebra 1, ACT Science, ACT Math, 10th Grade Writing, Mandarin Chinese 4, GRE Quantitative, Economics, Competition Math, COMPASS Mathematics, College Algebra, Chinese, CFA, Calculus 3, Calculus 2, Calculus 1, GRE Quantitative Reasoning, Elementary Algebra, Mandarin Chinese, Mandarin Chinese 1, Mandarin Chinese 3, Mandarin Chinese 2, Mandarin Chinese 1, Macroeconomics, GRE Subject Test in Physics, GRE Subject Test in Mathematics, GMAT Quantitative, Elementary Math, C++
Inquire about this tutor
The tutor will respond if they are available/interested.


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Aerial photography from a plane using a very old Canon EOS Rebel xTi. It's challenging since the usual 18-55mm was used. This Canon model's output has been so unlikely with the newest and expensive models. The photos initially appeared dull and really boring. Edited them via the free source editing software RawTherapee.
Thank You!


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Blake Shelton to stage Oklahoma benefit on Wednesday
Country star Blake Shelton will stage his Oklahoma disaster relief benefit on Wednesday (29May13) in Oklahoma City. The Honey Bee singer, who is a state native, jumped into action as he watched footage of the storm, which ripped through the city's suburbs on Monday (20May13), and started assembling the line-up for the show.
He will headline Healing in the Heartland: Relief Benefit Concert at Oklahoma City's Chesapeake Energy Arena, while pals Reba McEntire and Vince Gill and his wife Miranda Lambert, who recently helped dispatch mobile pet rescue centres to the town of Moore to help care for injured animals, will also perform.
Announcing the concert, which will be televised live on various U.S. networks, on Friday (24May13), Shelton said, "Everyone has their way to help, and mine as an entertainer is to perform to help raise money and awareness for this tragedy. This is why I want to do this special and especially hold it in Oklahoma City, which is near ground zero."
Proceeds from the event will benefit the United Way of Central Oklahoma May Tornadoes Relief Fund.
Earlier this week (21May13), Shelton and his wife performed their duet of Over You on TV talent show The Voice and dedicated the track to those suffering in the wake of the deadly tornado, which claimed the lives of 24 people.


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My Nonprofit Reviews
Sandra Giles
286 profile views
1 reviews
Review for Communities in Schools of Nassau County Inc, Fernandina Beach, FL, USA
CIS is a wonderful program which targets youth who would otherwise be overlooked or forgotten. Through their efforts, students have attended college and broadened their futures
More Feedback
I've personally experienced the results of this organization in...
the college graduation of CIS students.
When was your last experience with this nonprofit?
Role: Professional with expertise in this field & guidance counselor.


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Odom, Bryant shine again as Lakers defeat GrizzliesNov 13, 2006 - 5:18 AM LOS ANGELES (Ticker) -- The Los Angeles Lakers are learning quickly that two stars are better than one.
Kobe Bryant scored 21 points and Lamar Odom had 20 points, 16 rebounds and seven assists as the Lakers rode their two best players to a 91-81 victory over the Memphis Grizzlies.
Los Angeles improved to 5-3 and rebounded from Friday's 97-83 defeat to Detroit. The Lakers continue to get strong efforts from Bryant, who has been one of the league's premier talents for years, but Odom has been the team's most complete player through eight games.
"It's very fun, because (Bryant) gets so much attention," Odom said. "He's able to find people and he doesn't get enough credit for his passing. He finds people around the rim."
Odom made 7-of-13 shots from the field and had only two fewer rebounds than the rest of the Lakers' starting lineup combined. He has led Los Angeles in scoring twice, rebounding five times and assists on three separate occasions this season.
"That's what we need, that 1-2 punch," Bryant said. "We're going to continue to provide that."
Bryant capped his night with a pair of big baskets down the stretch to thwart the Grizzlies' mini-run. He finished 7-of-17 from the floor and chipped in six rebounds and six assists.
"It's awesome, especially when (Bryant and Odom) are getting points within the offense, it's a lot of fun," Lakers forward Luke Walton said.
Andrew Bynum had 11 points and seven rebounds and Smush Parker added 10 points and six assists for the Lakers, who had 26 assists on 36 field goals. They won despite shooting just 4-of-16 from the arc and committing 18 turnovers.
"When Lamar is on his game and No. 24 is on his game, it's going to be an easy game for the Lakers to play," Parker said.
Mike Miller led Memphis with 21 points and 13 rebounds. Damon Stoudamire added 16 points and Hakim Warrick pitched in 10 for the slumping Grizzlies, who have lost four straight games and five of their first six.
Los Angeles held a 49-30 halftime advantage behind 12 points, seven rebounds and five assists from Odom. Memphis shot just 11-of-30 (36 percent) in the first half and committed 15 of its 19 turnovers in the opening 24 minutes.
"We're leading the league in worst field-goal percentage," Grizzlies coach Mike Fratello said. "We haven't been exactly lighting it up from the foul line. We have stretches in every game where we just dont score the ball. We have to overcome these things."
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Take Brian Schneider, catcher for the Washington Nationals. Although he has great physical skills, it's Schneider's finesse with pitchers that makes him stand out.
Like a great boss, he adjusts his tack for every pitcher.
- For reliever Luis Ayala, it's encouragement: "After [I give up] a hit or a home run," Ayala says, "[Schneider will] say: 'Hey, we're going to come back. This game is not over. We have two more innings.'"
- For starter John Patterson, it's a light touch: "He knows that I'm tough on myself, so he really tries to get me to relax. He'll say: 'Just focus on the next pitch, let that other stuff go and give me a nice pitch right here.'"
- For reliever Jon Rauch, it's the confidence he instills: "I have … faith in his knowledge of the game, his knowledge of the hitters and knowing the situation. He's by far the best defensive catcher around."


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This week we present Part Two in a two-part series called Understanding and Teaching Challenging Students.
Last week, we interviewed Dr. Nancy Rappaport, co-author of The Behavior Code. Dr. Rappaport discussed ways in which adults can support children who exhibit behavior that we don't understand and don't know how to handle.
This week, we are pleased to be interviewing Jessica Minahan. Jessica is the second author of The Behavior Code. Jessica Minahan is a board-certified behavior analyst (BCBA) and special educator. Jessica is currently employed in the Newton, Massachusetts, public school system as a district-wide behavior analyst. Her particular interest is to serve these students by combining behavioral interventions with a comprehensive knowledge of best practices for those with complex mental health profiles and learning needs. For more information about Jessica and to see her work, you can visit her website at www.jessicaminahan.com or http://www.huffingtonpost/jessica-minahan/.
Be sure to listen to The Inclusive Class Podcast live on Friday, July 13, 2012 @ 9 AM EST for important information and strategies!


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Who doesn't want to join Mrs. Claus for Breakfast? She'll put in a good word with Santa if you do! On Sunday, November 21st from 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. you may enjoy a delicious Pancake Breakfast. Don't tell Santa there is a gift included. Pre-registration is required & don't forget to bring your camera!
Mrs. Claus Breakfast
9025 Glover Rd, Langley
Ring: 604.882.9094


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I was contacted recently by Perfect Linens. I received their flannel sheets a few weeks ago.
And I loved them so much that I already ordered a second set!
It was perfecting timing because last month I broke down and bought a new mattress. My old one was from our guest room in Texas from before the divorce.
So the mattress and box springs were a good 10 years old. And the result was having a back ache as soon as I woke up and that lasted throughout the day.
The blue sheets you see above are what I ordered this time. The color I just ordered is called Smokey Mountain Blue.
These are called Toastmaster sheets.
You see, I love flannel year round.
Here's why I chose the Toastmaster sheets:
The warmth of "Toastmaster" is the result of an intensive brushing process that raises millions of surface fibers from a base fabric. The fibers create insulating air pockets that retain body heat.
You know I say exactly what I think, so here are my unequivocal thoughts on these sheets: I absolutely love them. It is like sleeping with a soft blanket wrapped around me.
And they are affordable. For my full-sized bed, the set of sheets with two pillowcases were less than $60.
If I love something that much and it makes my sleep a wonderful experience, I find that a small price to pay.
Look, the pupsters love them too! (Charlie still has the stitches in his left eye.)
As you can see, I don't iron my sheets, and I have slept multiple times on these before I photographed them.
I simply am not the type to "style" a room before photographing it. I like to keep it real.
You and I both know that sheets change after some use, so I like that Perfect Linens retests their products after multiple launderings.
They specialize in sheets, so they have come up with the softest of linens to make your nightly slumber both peaceful and comfortable.
Be assured that shoppers like you and I select from a curated selection of the most comfortable sheets around.
Here's what sold me...
How about the warmest, coziest flannel sheet from Europe? Perfect Linens has it. Good Housekeeping's finest microfiber sheet? They've got that too.
Want relief from hot flashes or night sweats? They've got you covered!
Perfect Linens has a 45-night LOVE IT (use or abuse, they'll accept the return) free-shipping-both-ways satisfaction guarantee. So if you don't love them, send them back.
This coupon is good until December 31st. I think they'd make wonderful Christmas presents for those that value a good night's sleep like I do.
I can't wait for the new ones to arrive because I'm not going back to my old sheets if I don't have to.


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Our range of accounting software is tailored to suit any size of business in South Africa.
From basic invoicing and bookkeeping for start-ups to business-wide accounting for enterprise-size businesses,
you can rely on our trusted solutions.
Here are just a handful of the great features our accounting software has to offer:
Manage income and expenses, choose from desktop or cloud based solutions, invoice customers
with professional, customisable invoices, accurately reconcile your bank statements with
your accounts and automatically calculate and submit VAT returns.


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Satte upp teckenstorleken till 125% i Windows 8. Då ser PowerTab ut som fan och går inte att hissa upp helt, så att den täcker väsentlig information. Trist.
PowerTab has been removed and this is no longer an issue.
Hi Peter,
thanks for your feedback and a Happy New Year to you. We are aware of this problem but will not fix it in the current Power Tab as we are developing its replacement. The new software - yet unnamed - will not have this problem.
Best regards,
PowerTab has been removed and this is no longer an issue.
No similar ideas
Silvija stated
Karolina stated
Peter posted a new idea


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Tweens & Teens
Parenting a teen can be very challenging as you try to find balance between giving them freedom and keeping them safe. The risk factors for teen poisonings take a more serious tone and the focus shifts from unintentional to intentional. It is not uncommon for teens to purposely use medications or household products to harm themselves.
Why are teens at risk?
- Stress: In times of stress, teens may turn to medications or illicit drugs to "take the edge off," while others may find there is no way out and opt for ending their lives. Stress can come from multiple sources – family, school, coaches/sports, friends or work. Do not ignore a sudden change in your teen's behavior.
- Peer Pressure: The biggest stressor in a teen's life comes from negative peer pressure, and it's usually from people they call friends. Peer pressure can sometimes lead to experimentation with drugs (over-the-counter, prescription or illegal) and alcohol. Make it a point to maintain open dialogue with your teen about the dangers of these substances. Encourage good choices, regardless of the actions of others.
- Substance Abuse: The substances that teens experiment with vary with time. "Designer" drugs come and go, just like fashion trends. Also playing a factor is location, availability and ease of access. Parents need to make it a point to look for any change in a teen's personality, school performance, relationships with friends or interests. Do not view these changes as "normal teen behavior." They are typically a sign of trouble.
- Inability to Understand Label Directions: Even when using a medicine or a household product for its intended purpose, teens are at risk for poisoning if they don't read the label fully or do not understand what they are reading. Encourage teens to ask questions if they are unclear as to the proper use of household products and proper usage and dosage of medication.
- Workplace Exposures: A job provides a teen with responsibility and financial resources. However, lack of proper training and/or supervision when using workplace chemicals (ie: potent degreasers, cleaners or other chemicals) can be dangerous. Remind teens to read product labels and follow directions exactly or ask for assistance when using cleaning products and chemicals at work.
- Medicine Safety: Teens typically have an order of magnitude when it comes to medication/drugs – over-the-counter medicines are safer than prescription medicines, which are safer than illicit drugs. When used incorrectly, they are equally dangerous. Make sure your teen knows to talk to you or a trusted, licensed medical professional before taking any medicine to ensure it is the right medicine for a given health situation. Remind them to read and follow directions exactly and to ask questions if there is anything they do not understand.
- The Internet: There is so much useful information on the internet, but there is also some misinformation. Help teens sort through the internet for reputable sources of information. Do internet searches together and know what websites they are visiting when you are not with them. Be aware of the various videos and "challenges" they are viewing.
The IPC can be a resource for parents in many of these situations. You can call with questions, not just in emergencies.
Additional Resources
Where Are The Poisons In Your Homes


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Helping you find the best deals on new cars direct from UK main dealers
0800 612 7844
mon - fri 9:30am - 5:00pm
Audi are currently offering 8 different variants of the New Audi A1 Black Edition for sale.
To select a car and see your discount price, please narrow down your search or select a model from the list below.
Please click on a model from the list below for your discount price
The Black Edition model is a limited edition car that's only available in the very top spec engines in the current A1 range, just the 185 horsepower version of the 1.4 TFSI and the 2.0 litre TDI Engine. The Audi A1 Black Edition 2018 spec gets a few bits of extra spec over the S Line spec, 18 inch alloy wheels, Xenon headlights, with the fancy LED running lights that everyone loves, the black styling pack which removes the chrome from the exterior and makes those bits gloss black instead. The better quality Audi sound system is also added, and the air conditioning is upgraded to digital climate control. The full range of new 2018 Audi A1 Black Edition prices is shown above, just click on the model you are interested in to see Orangewheels best deals and cheapest prices and special offers, to get a finance quote or part exchange valuation against a brand new 2018 Audi A1 Black Edition for sale.
Copyright 2017 Orangewheels limited. Images are for illustration purposes only and may not exactly match the specified car.
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text: I'm working on my MBA in Marketing and one of class projects is to analyze consumer behavior on specific consumer products. All I have to do is take an interview with 20 people and analyze the results. Sounds easy? Yes and no. I picked the Motorola Android as my product and I can't find enough people to fill the requirements. I just need 10 more people and I'll be good to go. Below is a list of the survey questions that I need answered, please only respond if you own/use any type of Motorola Android (or phone with Android software). I know I'm posting on the Android forums but I thought it would be best to make things clear just in case. I need 10 people to respond. You can PM me your answers or post them in the thread but post something in the thread to let me know you're interested and working on it. 1) How long have you been using a cellular phone? 2) How many different cellular phones have you used in your lifetime? 3) What mobile cellular phone provider do you currently subscribe to? a. How long have you been with them? b. What (if any) other cellular phone provider have you used in the past? 4) When deciding to purchase a new phone, how long do you research before making a final decision? a. Where do you turn to for information about your potential purchase decision (television, friends, the internet)? 5) What made you choose your current cellular phone? 6) How much money was the final purchase price on your cellular phone? a. Do you feel your purchase is worth the money you paid? 7) What key features are a "must" for a cellular phone? (Check all that apply) a. Touch-screen b. Slide-out key pad c. Ability to surf the web, text, send e-mails d. Wifi connectivity e. Download apps f. Play music and/or games g. Take pictures/video h. Watch movies i. Bluetooth compatible 8) Where did you make your cellular phone purchase? a. What made you decided to purchase your cellular phone at that particular location? b. How would you rate the overall purchase experience? (Extremely satisfied, Very satisfied, Satisfied, Not very satisfied, Not at all satisfied) 9) Currently, how satisfied are you with your purchase? (Extremely satisfied, Very satisfied, Satisfied, Not very satisfied, Not at all satisfied. Please briefly explain your answer) a. Is there anything you would like to see changed/added/removed? If so, what specifically? b. What is the most positive aspect of your current cellular phone? c. What is the least positive aspect of your current cellular phone? 10) Overall, how would you rate your experience with your current cellular phone? a. Will you continue to purchase phones from this cellular phone provider? b. If not, which cellular phone providers would you consider in the future? Please answer the following questions for classification purchases only: 1) Name, age, current city and state of residence 2) Total annual income 3) Ethnicity Thank you guys for your any help you can offer. I really appreciate it.


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|Sculpture & Glass
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Alfred Dubucand
Âne et Enfant
Alfred Dubucand was a French sculptor born in Paris on 25 November 1828. He studied under Alexandre-Victor Lequien (1822-1905) and Antoine Louis Barye (1796 -1875) and made his debut at the Paris Salon in 1867. He continued to exhibit at the Salon regularly over the years. Dubucand specialised in animal sculptures, usually equestrian groups and was also particularly interested in the nomadic peoples of North Africa, portraying Arab tribesmen and nomads with horses and camels. His bronzes area always exceptionally finished and a few of his best examples feature varying colours such as this fine example. He died in 1894. Ref : Bronzes of the 19th Century by Pierre Kjellbert, p301
Price £4,700
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Yesterday saw the release of the new Disney album 'I <3 Dance' and is the soundtrack to the TV Series 'Shake It Up'.
This album is packed with tons of music from the artists Zendaya, Bella Thorne, Bridgit Mendler, Coco Jones and a special remix of the theme song by Selena Gomez.
We were sent this album to review and, not knowing anything about the TV series, we were going in 'blind'. I have to say that Grace and I love it. It's catchy and dancy without being patronising (I really can't stand songs that pander to kids, we have never played nursery rhymes on trips in my car – just proper decent pop music!). Grace is at the stage where she loves dancing and performing for us and this soundtrack is perfect for this very reason. I have already had to watch a number of 'shows' which she has decided to put on to the music on this album. Now all I need is a copy of the show itself and I'm certain she'll be hooked.
A bit about 'Shake It Up'…
Best friends CeCe Jones (Bella Thorne) and Rocky Blue (Zendaya) have dreamed about becoming professional dancers ever since they were little girls. Their big break finally comes when the girls get jobs as dancers on a local TV dance show called "Shake It Up, Chicago." Now, in the third season, Rocky and CeCe must re-audition for their spots on the show and balance their dance lives with school, boys, and family. Through it all, these two best friends always stick together.
The lovely people at Universal have kindly sent me three of the tracks for you to listen to. They are 'Contagious Love', 'This is my Dancefloor' and the Shake It Up Theme Song:
1. "Contagious Love" by Zendaya and Bella Thorne is an upbeat rap anthem with a heavy-hitting bass-and-drum foundation. Its sweet harmonies and catch chorus echo the song's universal message about living life to the fullest.
2. "This Is My Dance Floor," also from Bella Thorne and Zendaya, is an intense, synth-driven track about showing everyone whose boss when it comes to owning the floor.
3. "Beat of My Drum" by Zendaya is a smoldering track with a pan-African vibe and a fierce beat.
4. "Blow the System," with its classic disco beat backed by Bella Thorne's vocals, compares a marathon dance party with rolling the dice on love.
5. "After Party" by "Shake It Up" co-stars Roshon Fegan and Caroline Sunshine, features a gritty shuffle sound, crazy hard beats in a tale of a party that lasts all night long.
6. "Holla at the DJ (The DJ Mike D Remix)," a track from the upcoming EP by Hollywood Records artist Coco Jones, is a hip-hop leavened musical conversation between a dancer and her accommodating DJ.
7. "These Boots Are Made for Walkin'" is a stunning remake of the 1966 Nancy Sinatra classic, here updated for the smartphone era, performed by the star of the Disney XD series "Kickin' It," Olivia Holt.
8. "Sharp as a Razor" by Hollywood Records' artists McClain Sisters is a sophisticated R&B-flavored dance track that offers a twist on that special relationship between dancer and DJ when both are in synch.
9. "Future Sounds Like Us" by rising star Dove Cameron is a bright and boisterous tribute to Dance Nation.
10. "I Can Do Better" by Y.LA borrows a page from Irving Berlin in this up-tempo track about the ultimate dance contest.
11. Superstar Selena Gomez's popular "Shake It Up" theme song gets an update from 16-year old producer/DJ Cole Plante's shuffle-infused Reboot remix.
12. We're Dancing (Alex Ghenea 3.0 Remix) – Bridgit Mendler
13. I'm Back – Zendaya
14. Getcha Head in the Game – Bella Thorne
15. Freaky Freakend – Coco Jones
16. I Do – Drew Seeley
17. Law of Averages – TKO; Nevermind
A total of 17 tracks at £11 is a bargain. Our favourites are 'This is my Dancefloor' (for Grace, obviously!) and 'Beat of My Drum'. I am also loving their re-make of the old 60s classic 'These Boots Are Made for Walking'.
Shake It Up – I Love Dance is available to pre-order now on Amazon – at £11.00 – http://www.amazon.co.uk/Shake-Up-I-Love-Dance/dp/B00BCCE3D0/ref=sr_1_2?s=music&ie=UTF8&qid=1363088067&sr=1-2


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Trenck - Zwei Herzen gegen die Krone Trailer (2003)
09 February 2003 Drama, Romance, War 178 mins
Prussian general's son Friedrich, Freiherr (German baron) von der Trenck, is an unruly student whose countless affairs make him enemies, but he wins every duel. Frederic II the Great recruits him for his personal bodyguard. During his cadet training under the cruel stickler Graf (count) von Jaschinsky Friedrich falls in love with the king's headstrong oldest sister Amalia. She, however, refuses to be married off the the Swedish king's heir. When Prussia makes war on Austria over Silesia, Trenck's loyalty is dubious on account of an Austrian family branch. Janischky eagerly convinces the king there is more.
Watch the official Trenck - Zwei Herzen gegen die Krone 2003 trailer in HD below or find more Trenck - Zwei Herzen gegen die Krone videos on Vidimovie.


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Before we went to Europe we had the luxury of talking to several people who had been overseas. Many of these tips are things that we learned from them! Now we are no experts but this is what we learned.
1. Fly into one city and out of another. I love doing this when traveling. We flew into Paris and out of Rome. It saves you so much time from having to back track to a city that you have already seen. Prices really are pretty much the same. If you are not planning to stay in one place for the entire trip, I feel like this is a must.
2. Have a loose itinerary. Brittany and I both are planners. Once we booked our flight, we basically just looked at the map and decided which cities we wanted to go to and then mapped out our course. There were some things that we knew we had to do in each city. For instance, the Eiffel Tower in Paris. So we just listed major attractions for each day. We knew which city we wanted to be in each night of the trip and we pretty much stuck to that. However, there were times we changed what was on our itinerary for the day.
Here is an example of ours. It's definitely nothing fancy! We made sure to put flight information and hotels on the itinerary. It was extremely helpful to have the bulk of our travel information handy in one place.
3. Make a few copies of your Passport. We heard so many horror stories of people losing their Passports or getting them stolen. While this didn't happen to us, we were prepared. It is easier to get another Passport if you have a copy of yours. I made two copies and put one in my suitcase and one in my sisters.
4. Order some money before you go. I think we each ordered about $400 US Dollars of Euros before we went. The last thing you want to do when you land is worry about finding somewhere to get money. I was lucky and my bank did not charge to order foreign currency.
5. Carry a backpack. I'm not talking about a school backpack. It's a travel backpack. This is both a blessing and a curse. There were many times that we wished we had a rolling suitcase and there were many times that we looked at people rolling suitcases and felt sorry for them. I think we felt the latter more often. If you are visiting many cities in one trip, I would carry a backpack. It makes you pack less and you don't have to roll around bulky luggage. If I were staying in one city I would bring a rolling suitcase hand down.
5. Get more money from an ATM. We wouldn't have known this trick if our cousin didn't tell us! The foreign exchange places charge and arm and a leg to get money from your bank account. When we were ready for more cash, we found an ATM and got about $400 US Dollars worth of Euros at a time. Unfortunately my bank still charged like $20 to get cash out. Brittany's charged about $5. Make sure you get enough to last you awhile.
6. Do not keep all your money with you. I feel like this is common sense but you just never know! We kept maybe 100 to 150 Euros on us at any given time. The rest we kept hidden in our luggage somewhere. I kept some in my toiletry bag or a pocket of jeans.
7. Save up enough money. The last thing we wanted to do was get over there and feel like we couldn't spend money on this or on that. We wanted to be able to do what we wanted to do so we saved up plenty of money. We both read somewhere that you wouldn't regret spending money on a vacation. This was a trip of a lifetime and who knows if we would ever be back. Neither one of us wanted to say, well, I wish we would have done that. I can honestly say that I don't regret spending one single penny!
8. Wear over the shoulder bags. I had what I called a satchel that really was my camera bag. It was bulky but I am so glad I had an over the shoulder bag. We heard many horror stories about purses getting snatched off shoulders, getting the bottom slit, and getting the strap cut off. Over the shoulders make it harder to get snatched. Every time we were in the train station we held our hands underneath our purse so that they wouldn't get slit and to keep our purses protected.
9. Check plane vs. train between cities. If traveling in Europe they have a Eurail pass that you can purchase between several countries or just one. At first, I was going to do the Eurail pass between all countries. I then started doing research on prices. A plane ride was cheaper from Paris to Munich and we saved an 8 hour overnight train ride. A plane ride was a little more expensive than the train from Munich to Venice, however, we opted to save 5 hours on the train. Throughout Italy, we purchased the Eurail pass with 3 travel days. We knew exactly how many times we would be using it so this was our best option for travel in Italy. The main thing is, research like crazy!
10. Purchase data, text, and/or minutes. If you end up using your phone and did not purchase any of these, you will pay a TON in fees. I purchased texts and data and Brittany purchased minutes and texts. I probably wouldn't purchase data if I had a choice. Honestly, I was terrified of accidently using it and getting an outrageous bill. We ended up turning off our data just to be safe.
11. Stay in places with Wifi. Neither one of us are picky about hotel accommodations but one of the top things on our list was to have Wifi. We wanted to be able to Facetime and Skype with family back home. It was also nice to be able to browse Facebook and Instagram before bed. Wifi is pretty much your lifeline while overseas!
12. Go to the tourist office asap. As soon as you get to a new city, head to a tourist office. They are super helpful and will give you a free map. You will not be able to use the blue dot on your phone to get you places! We learned very quickly that the tourist offices were a life saver. You can often book tours and things through the tourist office also.
13. Wear comfortable shoes. One of my friends told me this and I didn't listen. I wore what I thought were comfortable sandals and had a blister the size of Texas on my foot after about 3 hours of walking. My foot hurt for probably 4 days afterwards and it was completely preventable. Wear shoes with some kind of support on the bottom. My go-to for the rest of the trip were some oxfords, chucks, and ballet flats. Brittany wore ballet flats most of the time.
14. Eat and drink whatever your want. I try to eat pretty healthy most of the time. I'll admit I was a little worried I would gain weight while in Europe. After all, I ate gelato, pasta, pizza, and drank wine every single day. That's a lot of calories. The good news is that you will walk a lot and burn a ton of calories. I did not gain one pound when I got back!
15. Take things as they come, but most of all have fun!! Things will not always go according to planned. Just roll with it! If it rains, get an umbrella and poncho and see the sites anyway. Things will get delayed, things will be getting restored, it may be hot, and who knows what else! Have fun and embrace every moment!!


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Pricing Table Example
Bootstrap example of Pricing Table using HTML, Javascript, jQuery, and CSSPricing table example is made to help you to build web application faster and easily. You can simply copy and paste given code to your project. To make this pricing table working, you must have: 1. Bootstrap 3.XX 2. FontAwesome
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Jun 20, 2016|
Noah Berger (Mass Budget And Policy Center) by The Financial Exchange
Transcript - Not for consumer use. Robot overlords only. Will not be accurate.
Our topic is income how much income you have to earn in order to be in the top 1%. This state in which you reside we're joined by. Noah Berger from the he's the president of the Massachusetts budget and policy center I know are you. Good so I read this story I think it was last week some time about. It was about income inequality but really what fascinated me was to seat the disparity. Did the income levels in order to be in the top 1% across the country. At lenders wonder if you could take us through a few of the states. Yet the there are significant disparity that there's some state it very high compression etiquette for what you have to. Make about 660000. Dollars a year to be in the top 1%. On Vermont in contrast to you about it a thousand dollars. Per year to be in the top 1%. Com Massachusetts is near the top of that list and around I've been in 39000 dollars to be in the top 1%. Edit when I think it's important about that. That is it's the people over that rational of the top 1%. There's been virtually. All of gained an economic growth of the past. Forty years and I respect yours if you look at the years coming out of the recession for years after 2009. Investors it's for example into the top 1% and up by about 32%. Everybody else it's been basically flat when it expert now that gap has been growing. And specifically brilliant way to at least to most people not just little of people but like middle income people even to Clinton beat Wheldon on the top 1%. Not seem as if it can grow even wetter climate to cover things are getting better which is the time he should have no income for the people across the spectrum. No that's peculiar because we've seen minimum wage rise quite a bit over the last. Fifteen years or ten years anyway haven't. Perhaps if you go back in 1968 and then wage now actions of the below what applies pack it in those states that we had. The last couple years and and catch up on and and weight which can make progress of our people but it against had been. A lot of other changes in the economy that it leading to make it tougher for most people know. In fact if you look at Massachusetts for example. If we had the pattern of growth. Tom cross into inspector which incidentally is what we had in the decade App Store unfortunately those decades. When the economy grew we became more productive. Wages went up ordinary working people from going to people middling of people hiring and people. At just about the rate of productivity. If stature and continued we continued trend where. Everybody wake up when it became more productive. Immediately connect to it today. Would be about 20000 dollar higher it is that wage that population makes more that makes masochism that over 60000 toward the end now. Couldn't stand the 2000. And think that's been important if we think about. What's happening there on the war is is question of what we did make sure when the economy goes. There's benefits reach everybody in. People work we should be able to get rated and they're more productive. It. No why do you think this is accelerated in the last seven years. I'm I think that there are a lot of reasons if you look back at that period after World War II it was a sort of consensus in the country that it school. Economic policies to make sure that. When the economy grows for what we do. Economy which is important and that's that grow at least there ranking wages and incomes for everybody in that. Played out a lot of policies on trade policy it is labor laws it possible for people to form unions to fiscal monetary policy that aimed at full point in. Now you'll see for example it to a that it begins to look like. Rapid wage growth is at it don't work rate of inflation that they are known as inflation therefore we're gonna raise interest rates to try to reduced wage and that's just one example of that type of policy of not looking at this question. But it can be and it basically just. Distracted by a lot of other issues. What's what are the common denominator. Among the states with a very high levels of income like Massachusetts and Connecticut. I think when you distinguish between those states can. You know states like New Hampshire Vermont. I mean in inordinately and northern states which have lower levels of inequality. Or more rural states you know serve big cities in the big centers. Commerce like we do here in Massachusetts and Connecticut. I think there are a lot of strength. To which we take in some ways it's similar we do best to have. You really well educated workforce which is important it's important part of why we have a strong and it economy or state that over the long term has had invested in education. And that's meter you know different apparently to. Building relatively high wage economy. That the challenges that even for project state workers he's days wages are increasing and there are. Two big expedition one is making sure that our people are as productive as possible which you get that through. Education. Two things like make sure our infrastructure is it sounds you know roads don't have to teapot hold our subway system works and it. Businesses can be productive provident also I think about what can happen at the national that. Structured in a way. Economic. The wage goes in and for most people. Nor can you give me the top 1% income for New Hampshire Maine and Rhode Island we have that data. Yeah I do the top 1% in comfort island is to me it in 36000. For New Hampshire gives it to 59000. And I mean it's 282. 282 so main is the lowest one then out of the sex talk. Yes and any candidate many red motoring someplace and many other places. Very good. Are you know what thank you very much for your timing your information we appreciate it. Noah Berger president of the mass budget and policy and are giving those top 1% income so if you wanna make a lot of money in you wanna be in the top 1%. In the state in which your side if you're in Connecticut. It's the highest income statement in the in New England chuck it 660. That that's up 660000. Vermont is 300000. Massachusetts 539000. New Hampshire 359000. Rhode Island. 336000. In mean 200 in 82000. To be in the top 1%. That's pretty pretty broad range I think depending on the state you're looking at in general what we see. Is states that tend to be a little bit more urban based tend to have a little bit more of a split there just because a lot of jobs in those urban areas at the low when can be very low paying but he can also have some of those top and jobs and things like finance. Major businesses and so forth. Imagine if you broke out New York right think about New York State they'll set it up for the city in the state of B and believe what you just said we're gonna count. Westchester County. And New York City. And maybe some of the verbs of Long Island off. Right under with the income would be there to it to be in the top 1% but be that couple million bucks. I would say probably somewhere in the ballpark of one to one point three thing about the cost of living. In New York City right through to live in Manhattan the costs of living is not ordinary.


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Where do I find a cozy space for my small painting?
We all know that an 8″x10″ painting, no matter the style or subject, is not going to look good hung above the fireplace mantle, nor above the sofa, nor on that big empty wall in the great room. I've recommended that these small pieces of art belong in the cozy spaces of your home or office. So what is a cozy space?
Where I find a cozy space is beside my bed, on the kitchen backsplash, a hallway niche or corner, above a desk or beside a chair. Small paintings need furniture or small architectural spaces to anchor them to the space. Let's see how this works, then find those spaces for you.
This is the first one I found – a wall above a table in the entry. It's a narrow wall where the table and jar anchor the artwork. The very small art is enlarged with a mat and frame. (From Apartment Therapy)
An entry is one of the best cozy spaces in your house.
Here is a modern desk, chair, and lamp plus art on the wall. I've enlivened the cozy space above the desk with SallyE Art (Blue Energy series). I always recommend the wall above your desk – if there is one – as an ideal space for a favorite small painting or photo.
This is another desk, though a lot brighter, that has a bright small painting to match its bright contemporary style (Classic Car Impressions, Artist SallyE). I'm guessing this "desk" is a space near the kitchen or entry where quick notes and lists are made, but it is decorated beautifully.
More Cozy Spaces Throughout the House
I have more examples of quiet or small or private, all called cozy spaces I've found that are perfect settings for small paintings. Of course I'm showing my abstract paintings for examples. See what you think.
First is a bedroom beside the bed. This cozy space has a bright square abstract over the side table (Canyon Gold by Artist SallyE). The rest of this bedroom decor is monocromatic and could use a pop of color. My choice was something red and orange. Many other bright or contrasting colors would fit this quiet color palette.
This dining or maybe breakfast room has a lost cozy space at the end of a room, now occupied with plants. My painting, Bayou Secrets, fits into the space well, don't you think?
My last example is a cozy spot in a living room with a chair and table enlivened with an abstract by SallyE (Ocean Fury). I have suggested that small paintings can be used to unite tables and lamps, or even chairs and tables. I think this painting did the job here.
Small Paintings have a Home with you in Your Cozy Spaces.
It's normal for us to look to the large spaces around our homes as blank spaces waiting for decoration. When you feel that job is done, take a look around for some of the spaces that would look and feel better with art to liven them up. Perhaps you need a small, bright painting to fit into those cozy spaces I found for you. You will enjoy your home all the more for it, I'm sure.


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Despite stern warnings and a new rounds of sanctions from the U.S. government, Iran has adopted a defiant stance regarding its missile program by conducting more test launches over the weekend.
While mainstream media attention was consumed by the violent riots at UC Berkeley and Superbowl weekend, last week saw a major escalation in tensions between the U.S. and Iran, leading some to speculate on the prospect of a potential military conflict. Things first began to take a turn for the worse when Iran tested a ballistic missile last Monday. While the test did not violate the 2015 nuclear pact brokered by the Obama administration, it did provoke a strong response from Trump and some members of his cabinet. After both Trump and National Security Advisor Gen. Michael Flynn put Iran "on notice", a new round of sanctions were announced – the first since the 2015 nuclear accord. Restrictions were imposed on 25 Iranian individuals and entities related to the nation's ballistic missile program. Trump later warned Iran that it was "playing with fire", adding that he would not be as "kind" as his predecessor.
Despite the strong response from the United States, Iran has taken a defiant stand, conducting even more missile tests over this past weekend. Tehran also announced this weekend that it would respond to Friday's announcement of new sanctions by promising to disclose the names of U.S. individuals and companies involved in the funding and creation of various terrorist groups active in the Middle East.
According to the Tasnim news agency, Amir Ali Hajizadeh, commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corp's aerospace division, confirmed Iran's successful testing of several land-to-land missiles and radar systems in the Iranian province of Semnan. Hajizadeh, in addition to confirming the missile tests, offered some inflammatory remarks ostensibly directed at the U.S. and its regional ally Israel, saying that recent threats against Iran were "nonsensical" and stating that "If we see the smallest misstep from the enemies, our roaring missiles will fall on their heads." The tests were allegedly conducted in order to "showcase the power of Iran's revolution and to dismiss the sanctions." However, Iran's foreign minister, Javad Zarif, insisted that "we will never use our weapons against anyone, except in self-defense."
Iran's defiance of Trump's rhetoric and retaliatory measures could place the U.S. president in an awkward position, especially considering that Trump has repeatedly derided the Obama administration's "weak" leadership and negotiation skills in dealing with Iran and other foreign powers for years. Now that Iran has publicly demonstrated its disdain for the U.S.' retaliatory measures, Trump now faces no other choice but to act decisively to counter further defiance on Iran's part lest he risk losing credibility that could potentially hamper his dealings with other foreign powers. Given the Trump administration's somewhat heavy-handed response to the initial missile test that took place early last week, it seems that Trump is more likely to pursue an equally or even more aggressive stance following this weekend's events – even though such provocation of Iran is hardly in the best interest of the United States.
What are your thoughts? Please comment below and share this news!
This article (Iran Conducts New Missile Tests Despite Trump's Warnings, Sanctions) is free and open source. You have permission to republish this article under a Creative Commons license with attribution to the author and True Activist.


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Poet Billy Lamont's latest avant-garde performance poetry with electronic and americana pop music CD/digital release entitled BEYOND BABYLON became available for sale internationally beginning on October 3, 2013.
*Most major international retailers, such as iTunes and Amazon have picked up Poet Billy Lamont's new CD/digital release BEYOND BEYOND BABYLON, October 9, 2013. Here are the links:
*iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/beyond-babylon/id722080111
*Amazon: http://www.amazon.com/Beyond-Babylon/dp/B00FPM6WBY/ref=sr_1_fkmr2_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1381441466&sr=8-1-fkmr2&keywords=Poet+Billy+Lamont%2C+Beyond+Babylon
Poet Billy Lamont's music and books are available through amazon.com, barnesandnoble.com and itunes.com. You can purchase them through the following links and also in THE OTHER PERSPECTIVE MEDIA STORE. THE OTHER PERSPECTIVE MEDIA, P.O. BOX 37, BABYLON, NY 11702. See below:
Lamont's spoken word CD's "outlaw of love" 2010 and "renegade of hope" 2009, as well as poetry with music CD's "into the 21st century" 1998 and "the peculiar people" 2004 are available as digital downloads through amazon.com at the following link: http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Ddigital-music&field-keywords=billy+lamont&x=15&y=17
Poet Billy Lamont's books of poetry entitled "strobe light generation" 2005 and "the gallery of light" 1994 are availalbe through amazon.com and Barnes And Noble at the following links: http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Dstripbooks&field-keywords=Billy+Lamont&x=6&y=14, and http://www.barnesandnoble.com/s/billy-lamont?store=allproducts&keyword=billy+lamont
Lamont's "into the 21st century" CD 1999 is available through amazon.com:http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Dstripbooks&field-keywords=Billy+Lamont%2C+into+the+21st+century
Lamont's "painkiller" CD 2006 is available through CD baby as a CD or digital download: http://www.cdbaby.com/cd/billylamont
The following Poet Billy Lamont poetry with music CD's and books of poetry are available through this THE OTHER PERSPECTIVE MEDIA store. Just mail a personal check payable to The Other Perspective Media for price of items purchased plus shipping cost of $2 U.S. or $5 internationally to: the other perspecitve media, P. O. Box 37, Babylon, NY 11702:
1. "Eulogy: Flowers For The Living" 1990 chapbook of poems. $4 (SOLD OUT)
2. "The Gallery Of Light"- 1994 book of poems. $10
3. "strobe light generation"- 2005 book of poems- $19.95
4. "Walk On Water"- A 1988 three song cassette tape by Billy Lamont's first Indie Alternative Rock Band Walk On Water. $4 (SOLD OUT)
5. "Eulogy:Flowers For The Living" 1995- A cassette tape with poem song recordings produced from 1989-1991 and 1995 but not gathered and made available until 1995.- $5 (SOLD OUT)
6. "into the 21st century"- 1998 poetry with music CD. A Benefit for Teen Challenge- $10
7. "billy lamont with the peculiar people"- 2004 handmade poetry chapbook with music CD- $7 (SOLD OUT)
8. "painkiller"- 2006 poetry with music CD- $10
9. "hedge of thorns" 2008 poetry with music CD- $7 (SOLD OUT)
10. "the gallery of light" 2009 poetry with music CD- Not For Sale, *Only available as a gift.
11. "renegade of hope" 2009 spoken word CD- $7
12. "outlaw of love" 2010 spoken word CD- $7
13. "billy lamont with the peculiar people"- May 2011 professional quality CD re-release of 2004 poetry with music CD- $7
14. "Beyond Babylon"- 2013 poetry with music CD- $10
15. "Who Will Be My Witness? hedge of thorns" Special Passover, Resurrection Day and Blood Moon 2015 Re-release of 2008 poetry with music CD- $7
Remember Me


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Stimulating development through technology
During the Transform Africa Summit 2017, which was held under the theme "Smart Cities Fast Forward" in Rwanda on 10 May, Laurent Lamothe, former Prime Minister of Haiti and chairman of the Board of Directors of Global Voice Group (GVG), spoke about the benefits of combining Blockchain and the Internet of Things when it comes to stimulating development in African countries. According to Lamothe, Blockchain's many applications and advantages ̶ from providing access to third-party services to removing middlemen in transactions ̶ , make it a crucial tool in the realization of the Smart City concept.
Rwanda, the host country of the Summit, is an outstanding example of progress in terms of the integration of ICTs and the building of infrastructure that will help make its cities smarter. In addition to its remarkable advances in the communication domain, the country has implemented an International Gateway Traffic Verification System (IGTVS) in partnership with GVG, with a view to promoting control and transparency in the national telecommunications sector.


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Bri Mar
'' I'M Afraid There Is No Guarantee '' - Poem by Bri Mar
With God's rules you must always comply
Yet to gain entry to Heaven first you must die,
Only then will God hear your plea.
When against Satan you've been pitted,
It will depend on the sins you've committed,
Only God will decide if you've to be acquitted,
You could well be an absentee.
Problem is there's no right of appeal,
Where you're heading he'll then reveal,
Hell I've heard can be an ordeal,
You will never again be free.
Purgatory is for those who require redemption,
Only God has the right of pre-emption,
You've got to go there is no exemption,
Your future only God can foresee.
I can only imagine he's a politician,
Totally in charge of our life and deaths mission,
Never sinning is a precondition,
With his manifesto you must always agree.
If we're made in his image does he commit sin?
Who forgives him does he have a twin,
To be like a human he must have a thick skin,
Just like the bark on a tree.
When and how you die there's not much choice,
It's God who'll decide you don't have a voice,
When it finally happens you're expected to rejoice,
When did dying ever fill you with glee?
The criteria you've laid down just isn't fair,
Allowing a test drive would show that you care,
Will we be filled with joy or a deep despair?
'' I'm Afraid There Is No Guarantee ''
Topic(s) of this poem: spiritual
Poet's Notes about The Poem
Comments about '' I'M Afraid There Is No Guarantee '' by Bri Mar
David L. Hatton (3/23/2014 7:40:00 PM)
Free-will Choices (don't want to give those up...) X a Sense of Right and Wrong (wouldn't want that lost either...) = Moral Responsibility (guess we have to live with it... and die with it.) BUT there's another divine formula: My Moral Failures / God's Grace in Christ's Cross = Forgiveness and Guaranteed Future of Blessing. That latter equation sounds too good to be true. But if God is really Love, it's too good not to be true... and the most human-friendly Good News in the universe. (Report) Reply
Colleen Courtney (3/15/2014 3:26:00 PM)
Wow! Need I say more? Don't think I can. Amazing work! Kudos to you my friend! (Report) Reply
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Los colores de la escuela
Here's a freebie to go along with the Español in the Jungle Unit 3! Students can color according to what the sentences say, and then practice reading in Spanish. The booklet reinforces both colors and classroom objects, as well as the verb "ser." Check out these links for colors and classroom objects if you need to review!


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STUNNAD has gathered that the ruling NDC government is embarking on another rigging tactics in the Volta, Central and Upper West regions through mass NHIS registrations. Our information is that people from Togo and Burkina-Faso are being transported through Manuso border, Honuta border, Shianu border, Leklebi border, Aflao border, Batema junction all in the Volta region for free NHIS registration in order to issue them voters ID cards.
An electoral officer in Volta region who is not in support of this evil plot has confidently disclosed that a Togolese town known as Kpadzahor, which shares border with a Ghanaian town Afegame in the Kpetoe-ziope district is being used as one of the numerous towns to register foreigners. "In 2008, I was the registration officer there and I happened to witness what transpired there.
Many Togolese matched from the north to the south to be registered as voters there including children under 18 years. I tried my best to prevent but I was threatened with death," the official claimed. About 70% of residents at Kpadzahor who are Togolese have been registered under health insurance scheme.
The official also maintained when he later feigned interest and enquired about this illegal activity, he was informed that the free registration there was sponsored by the Member of Parliament for the area Juliana Azumah MENSAH, who is allegedly running a promotion to register people freely under the scheme and paying them GH¢ 5.00. Now they have started again with the help of the districts NHIS officers and the MP."
"At the Polling Station name, EP church number 1 code D100103 in Kpetoe. A woman came with a health insurance to card from Agohome, a small town in Togo to register as a voter. After interviewing her as a registration officer, I found out that she is a Togolese. I reported the case to the police commander and the lady confirmed that she was from Togo and the health insurance authorities came to register them and asked them to use the card for voter's registration. She informed us that they were many but have spread around other centers".
At Akpokope primary school, code number D100801, this polling station harbored one of the major fraud in the 2012 registration in the whole Kpetoe-ziope district. Motor bikes were used to convey the "Togolese to the registration center and I was made to understand that anybody who gets registered was paid. Interestingly these people were paid by one of the chiefs in the district.
Information got to us that the boys who were aiding the registration were as also paid and given lunch as well. Two days to the end of the registration I went there to witness a massive fraud where people were loaded in a tipper truck and brought to the center to register."
In the central region, there is a house in Agona Swedru where people from Mali are being housed for free registrations of NHIS cards and voter's cards.
STUNNAD has gathered that about 73 of these Malians were given free NHIS cards in Agona West NHIS office. The distribution is done between the late hours of 7:00 pm to 10:30pm alone. These foreigners are being used as an electoral machine that aids non-Ghanaians to vote in even district level elections. We are reliably informed that these people have been promised huge money to start business in Agona Mansakrom, Nantifa, Kwayanko, Nyarkrom, Kwaman, Lower Bobikuma and other small villages in Agona. There are NDC party men and women who are aiding these foreigners to get rented houses within the municipal. The same evil strategies have been done in Gomoa West, Ekumfi Esaakyire, Assin North, some villages in Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese district.
At the Upper West borders, Burkina-Faso nationals are being issued with free NHIS cards plus GH¢20 and a promise of money for a business in the southern Ghana, to be fulfilled later.
We wish to call on every patriotic Ghanaian to help resist these diabolic and evil plans of the NDC. No foreigner should be allowed to register in the coming voter's registrations. We will not allow the NDC to take Ghanaians for granted again. We will resist any foreigner who will use NHIS card as a proof of being Ghanaian for voter's registrations.
We therefore ask for the immediate arrest of MP Juliana Azumah MENSAH and all her accomplices to face the law. We again demand that the current voters' register, which is already tainted, should be thrown out for a fresh registration of every voter for the 2016 elections.
Chris Arthur, National President, STUNNAD (0541173031/ 0501356514)
Justice Adu Asiedu, Organizer (0207760327)


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TROJA Researches And Discoveries Homer's Troy SCHLIEMANN Homer Trojan Wars 1884
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DETAILS:Title: Troja. Results Of The Latest Researches And Discoveries On The Site Of Homer's Troy And In The Heroic Tumuli And Other Sites Made In The Year 1882. And A Narrative Of A Journey In The Troad In 1881 . With 150 Woodcuts And 4 Maps And Plans.
Author: Dr Henry Schliemann.
Published: 1884 .
Place Published: New York .
Published By : Harper & Brothers .
Size (approx): 9 3/8" x 6 1/8 " x 1 1/2 ". CONDITION: Overall: Good to very good for year. Bound in the publisher's original blue hardcover binding! Pages : Very good for year with minimal foxing and soiling, (please see pictures). No missing pages or illustrations .
Binding: Very good for year.
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Hardcover: Good to very good for year with minor wear and soiling , (please see pictures) .
Spine: Good for year with mild discoloration and wear to the ends, (please see pictures) . WHY SHOULD YOU BUY FROM ME? 1. Honest descriptions. 2. Efficient communication. 3. Sympathetic and patient packaging, using appropriate materials. 4. Fast order dispatch, usually within one business day. 5. A sincere commitment to 100% customer satisfaction. IF FOR ANY REASON YOU HAVE A CONCERN WITH MY PRODUCT OR SERVICE, PLEASE ... read more


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Reviews: Aggravator - Sterile Existence
2nd Full Length Album from American Underground Thrash Metal Band, Aggravator. I reviews this album track by track. Check it out.
1st track, Decapitators Temple. Started with acoustic guitar licks. Rather Death Metal, but the music like Slayer. The Bass licks really Groovy and Guitar solo very solid. 2nd track, Transhuman Incorporeal. Not faster like previous track, but this song really solid & groovy. Theguitar solo is insane. 3rd track, High Impact Homicides. The Fretless Bass solo is excellent and like Death. This song are combination between Slayer and Death. The Guitar solo is simple and Dark.
4th track, Subconcious Blind. Thrash like Slayer and Old School Death Metal vocals. The Bass liske are Groovy and Madness Guitar Solo. 5th track, Abhorrent Point of View. The Guitar Solo on the outro very harmonize and dark. 6th track, Hacked Human Debris. The Guitar solo very insane and darker.
7th track, Sterile Existence. This song more mid-tempo, but not bad. 8th track, Future Re-phased. Groovy mid-tempo song. 9th track, Target Obliteration. Harmonize guitar solo and wah. Like Slayer, but more groovy.
Score: 93%


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D.S. & Durga Hollywood Regency - Pictures
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Putting the bio in biotherapeutics: contrast between generics and biosimilars
Module 1 Course Information
This e-learning module is accredited by the UEMS-EACCME® for 45 minutes of participation.
Having completed this e-learning course and its accompanying self-assessment questions, the learner should have gained an increased understanding of:
- The scientific differences between generics and biosimilars
- The scientific differences between biosimilars and originator biologic medicines, including aspects such as immunogenicity
- The complexities involved in biosimilar manufacturing
- How different kinds of changes can affect biosimilar safety and efficacy
- The steps involved in biosimilar production
Please click on "CME Information" to see the specific characteristics, target audience, learning goals, specific software, etc.
An educational slide deck based on this e-learning module is also available for download


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The effect of chronic exposure to transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) on bradykinin-stimulated acute prostanoid production and ion secretion in monolayers of HCA-7 colony 29 colonic epithelial cells has been studied. Monolayers synthesized prostaglandin E2(PGE2) at a basal rate of 2.10 ± 0.31 pg ⋅ monolayer−1 ⋅ min−1over 24 h. Bradykinin (10−8–10−5M) dose dependently increased acute PGE2 release by three orders of magnitude. This was associated with a rise in cAMP from 1.60 ± 0.14 to 2.90 ± 0.1 pmol/monolayer (P < 0.02) and a dose-dependent increase in short-circuit current (SCC). When monolayers were primed by a 24-h exposure to TGF-α, basal PGE2 release rose to 6.31 ± 0.38 pg ⋅ monolayer−1 ⋅ min−1(TGF-α concn 10 ng/ml; P = 0.001). However, the stimulation of acute prostaglandin release, intracellular cAMP, and increased SCC by bradykinin was significantly reduced by preincubation with TGF-α. Priming with PGE2(10−8–10−6M) over 24 h mimicked the effect of TGF-α on bradykinin-induced changes in cAMP and SCC. These data suggest that enhanced chronic release of prostaglandins in response to stimulation with TGF-α may downregulate acute responses to bradykinin. In vivo, TGF-α could have an important modulatory function in regulating secretion under inflammatory conditions.
- transforming growth factor-α
- cyclooxygenase
- electrogenic ion transport
electrogenic chloride secretion in intestinal epithelial cells occurs when Cl− are actively transported from the basolateral to the apical side of epithelial cells, and excessive Cl− secretion in vivo gives rise to secretory diarrhea (3). A number of inflammatory mediators, including bradykinin (BK), eicosanoids such as prostaglandin E2(PGE2), histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and a range of cytokines are known to mediate this secretory response (26).
BK is a biologically active nine-amino acid peptide formed during inflammation from protein kininogen and is known to stimulate electrogenic Cl− secretion in a variety of epithelial cells, including those of the gastrointestinal tract (31), airways, and uterus (11). BK also acts directly on colonic epithelial cells to stimulate Cl− secretion in vitro (1). The effect of BK in directly stimulating electrogenic Cl− secretion has best been characterized for monolayers of the HCA-7 colony 29 colonic epithelial cell line (5, 16). In this cell line, the effect of BK in stimulating Cl− secretion is mediated through cAMP-dependent pathways, pathways thought to be due to eicosanoid production (13), although other mediators such as intracellular Ca2+ also play a part.
Although much attention has focused on agents that stimulate electrogenic Cl− secretion, relatively little is known of endogenous regulatory mechanisms that will attenuate the secretory response. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has recently been recognized to have an important physiological role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis (28) as well as stimulating proliferation and growth. Growth factor receptors are found throughout the human gastrointestinal tract and are primarily located in the basolateral domain (4, 27, 34).
Transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) is a homolog of EGF and may be the most important physiological ligand to the EGF receptor in the intestinal mucosa (2, 12, 17). TGF-α has recently been shown to enhance vectorial prostaglandin release from HCA-7 colony 29 cells when applied to the basolateral compartment in which the EGF receptor resides (4). Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the rate-limiting enzyme for the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) to prostanoids. Two isoforms of COX are recognized: COX-1, which is constitutively expressed, and COX-2, which is induced in pathological conditions by a range of chemicals including cytokines and inflammatory mediators (22). TGF-α induces COX-2 expression in the HCA-7 colony 29 cell line, resulting in increased prostaglandin production (4). However, the effect of TGF-α on BK-mediated acute colonic epithelial ion transport and prostaglandin synthesis is not known. Our original hypothesis was that the induction of COX-2 expression in HCA-7 cells by TGF-α (4) could lead to both enhanced acute PGE2 release and acute secretory response to BK. In this study, we therefore investigated the effect of TGF-α on BK-induced ion transport and prostaglandin release in monolayers of HCA-7 colony 29 cells.
Although TGF-α increased PGE2release over 24 h, it did not enhance acute prostaglandin release or the acute secretory response to BK. In fact, both prostaglandin release and the acute Cl− secretory response were significantly attenuated and BK-stimulated cAMP production was reduced; these changes could be mimicked by exogenously applied PGE2.
These findings suggest that TGF-α may have an important role in limiting the acute secretory response to BK during inflammation via a prostanoid-dependent mechanism(s).
Cell culture.
HCA-7 colony 29 (16) cells were grown in DMEM supplemented with 10% FCS, glutamine (0.29 mg/ml), ampicillin (8 μg/ml), penicillin (40 μg/ml), streptomycin (368 μg/ml), and nonessential amino acids in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37°C. Cells were seeded on Snapwell and Transwell filters (polycarbonate membrane; pore size 0.45 μm; surface area 1 cm2; Costar) and formed confluent monolayers within 8–10 days, as assessed with an epithelial volt-ohmmeter (World Precision Instruments).
COX-1 and COX-2 Western blotting.
HCA-7 cells were grown to confluence, lysed (10 mM PBS, 0.1% Triton X-100, 0.1% EDTA, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 0.03% leupeptin; Sigma), and centrifuged for 10 min. Cell lysates were separated by SDS-PAGE with COX-1 and COX-2 standards (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI), transferred to nitrocellulose, and blocked with 5% nonfat dried milk in Tris-buffered saline (TBS). Membranes were incubated overnight in 0.1% Tween 20 in TBS with a 1:500 dilution of either COX-1 or COX-2 rabbit polyclonal antibodies (both from Cayman Chemical). The blots were washed, and biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG was added. Labeled bands were detected by an avidin-biotin complex (ABC) technique (Vectastain Elite ABC kit; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA).
Assay of basal and BK-induced prostaglandin synthesis.
To study prostaglandin production, cells were grown to confluence on Transwell filters. After a change of the medium, cells were exposed to basolateral TGF-α or control medium for 24 h. The supernatant was collected from the basolateral compartment to measure PGE2 levels. Monolayers were washed twice with fresh medium, then stimulated with basolateral BK (10−6 M), and after 1 min supernatant was collected for the PGE2 assay. Dose-response curves showing the effect of different concentrations of BK and the attenuation of the response after preincubation with the COX inhibitor piroxicam (10−9–10−5M) were constructed. The PGE2 enzyme immunoassay (Amersham) is based on the competition between unlabeled PGE and a fixed quantity of peroxidase-labeled PGE for a limited amount of the PGE-specific antibody.
Briefly, supernatant of HCA-7 cells or PGE2 was incubated with specific anti-PGE2 reagent in a prepacked 96-well plate containing a goat anti-mouse solid phase. Peroxidase-labeled PGE2 was added to each well, and the wells were incubated for 1 h. The peroxidase ligand that was bound to the antibody was immobilized on a precoated microtiter well, and the amount of unlabeled PGE in a sample was determined by interpolation from a standard curve. After the well was washed three times with washing buffer, tetramethylbenzidine-hydrogen peroxide was added and the well was incubated for 30 min. The addition of acid solution stopped the reaction, and the optical density at 450 nm was read on a microtiter plate reader. The detection range at room temperature was 50–6,400 pg/ml. Cross-reactivity with PGE1 was 25% and with prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α), 6-keto-PGF1α, and AA was <0.1%.
Assay of BK-induced cellular cAMP production.
In subsets of experiments BK-induced cAMP production was measured by a direct enzyme immunoassay (Amersham). Briefly, confluent monolayers of HCA-7 cells grown on permeable supports and pretreated for 24 h according to experimental conditions were washed twice with fresh medium. After acute stimulation with BK (10−6 M), membrane inserts were transferred to new wells and the medium was replaced with lysis reagent at a concentration of 0.25% dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide. Cell lysate was collected, and cAMP levels were measured according to the manufacturer's instructions. The detection range at room temperature was 12.5–3,200 fmol/well.
For electrophysiological studies, cells were treated with either control medium or TGF-α (10 and 100 ng/ml, respectively) for up to 24 h. Filters (area 1 cm2) were placed into an Ussing chamber (World Precision Instruments) bathed in oxygenated (95% O2-5% CO2) Krebs-Henseleit solution (in mM: 117 NaCl, 4.7 KCl, 2.5 CaCl2, 1.0 MgSO4, 24.8 NaHCO3, 1.2 KH2PO4, and 11.1 glucose) and maintained at 37°C. In some experiments, the Cl−-containing salts of the Krebs-Henseleit solution were replaced with (in mM) 117 sodium gluconate, 4.7 potassium gluconate, and 2.5 calcium sulfate. The epithelium was voltage-clamped to 0 mV by continuous application of a short-circuit current (SCC) with a DVC-1000 dual-voltage clamp (World Precision Instruments). Periodic constant-amplitude voltage pulses were used to assess transepithelial resistance. Basal SCC (μA/cm2) and resistance (Ω ⋅ cm2) were measured after the monolayers were allowed to equilibrate for 15 min. The changes in SCC (ΔSCCs) in response to BK, carbachol, and forskolin administered to the basolateral side of the monolayer were recorded. SCC was digitally recorded and analyzed with the Acqknowledge III (BIOPAC Systems) data acquisition system. ΔSCCs were expressed in units of microamperes per square centimeter. In some experiments ΔSCCs over a given time period were integrated and converted into nanoequivalents by using the Faraday relationship (26.8 μA/cm2 = 1 μeq ⋅ cm−2 ⋅ h−1).
BK, carbachol, forskolin, piroxicam, DMEM, and FCS were purchased from Sigma; TGF-α was purchased from R&D Systems.
Statistical analysis.
Data are expressed as means ± SE. The unpaired, two-tailed Studentt-test (adjusted for multiple testing by Bonferroni's correction) or a one-way ANOVA was used to determine the significance of differences between means.P < 0.05 was accepted as indicating statistical significance. The dose-response curves for BK and EC50 values were obtained by applying data to the curve-fitting program PRISM (Graphpad, San Diego, CA).
Characteristics of HCA-7 cells.
HCA-7 cells expressed COX-1 and COX-2 proteins as shown by Western blotting (Fig.1 A,inset). They synthesized PGE2 at a basal rate of 3.03 ± 0.45 ng ⋅ monolayer−1 ⋅ 24 h−1, equivalent to an average rate of 2.10 ± 0.31 pg ⋅ monolayer−1 ⋅ min−1. HCA-7 epithelial cells exhibited a basal ΔSCC of 1.29 ± 0.21 μA/cm2(n = 20) and a resistance of 138.1 ± 9.9 Ω ⋅ cm2(n = 20).
Effect of BK.
BK applied to the basolateral compartments of monolayers of HCA-7 cells caused a substantial increase in acute PGE2 release (measured 1 min after addition of the agonist) in a dose-dependent fashion of between 2.70 ± 0.45 (BK 10−8 M) and 6.30 ± 0.84 ng/monolayer (BK 10−5) (n = 4–5; Fig.1 A). This was accompanied by a rise in intracellular cAMP from 1.60 ± 0.14 to 2.90 ± 0.1 pmol/monolayer (n = 4;P < 0.02; Fig. 3). BK stimulated ΔSCC in a dose-dependent fashion with an EC50 = 2.43 × 10−7 M (Fig.1 B).
BK (10−6 M)-stimulated prostaglandin release was dose dependently reduced by pretreating cells with piroxicam, a nonspecific COX inhibitor (Fig.2 A). At a concentration that entirely blocked PGE2 release, piroxicam (10−5 M) attenuated the BK (10−6 M)-induced ΔSCC by 69 ± 6% (n = 4,P = 0.01) (Fig.2 B).
Effect of TGF-α preincubation on basal PGE2 release and acute BK-stimulated PGE2 release.
In previous experiments, the basolateral application of TGF-α increased COX expression and stimulated PGE2 production over 24 h to levels from 0.01 to 100 ng/ml, with a submaximal effect at 10 ng/ml (4). In our experiments, TGF-α (10 ng/ml) administered to the basolateral compartments of monolayers of HCA-7 cells similarly increased the basolateral release of PGE2 over 24 h from 3.03 ± 0.45 (control) to 9.09 ± 0.54 ng/monolayer (rate 6.31 ± 0.38 pg ⋅ monolayer−1 ⋅ min−1;n = 4;P = 0.001).
In contrast to its effect on chronic PGE2 release over 24 h, pretreatment of monolayers with TGF-α (1, 10, and 100 ng/ml) for 24 h reduced acute BK-stimulated PGE2release over 1 min (P < 0.02; Fig.4 A). This was accompanied by a reduced production of intracellular cAMP (P < 0.02; Fig.3).
Effect of TGF-α preincubation on subsequent BK-stimulated ion transport.
Preincubation with TGF-α at 10 ng/ml for 24 h did not affect basal SCC (1.67 ± 0.58 μA/cm2,n = 20), although it was associated with a significant increase in resistance from 138.1 ± 9.9 (control) to 169 ± 16.2 Ω ⋅ cm2(n = 20;P < 0.03). As with acute PGE2 release after stimulation with BK, there was also an unexpected reduction in the ΔSCC response to subsequent BK challenge after a preconditioning with TGF-α for 24 h (Fig.4 B). Compared with that for control cells, the maximal ΔSCC response to BK was reduced by 57 ± 6% for cells conditioned by TGF-α at 10 ng/ml (P < 0.01) and by 60 ± 5.5% for cells conditioned by TGF-α at 100 ng/ml (P < 0.01) (Fig.5).
Effect of exogenous PGE2 on responses to BK.
To examine if exogenously administered prostaglandin could mimic the effect of TGF-α, monolayers of HCA-7 cells were preincubated with PGE2 at concentrations (10−8–10−6M) in the range achieved after exposure to TGF-α in the experiments described above. Under these conditions, the BK-induced rise in cAMP was significantly reduced (P < 0.05; Fig. 3). This was accompanied by a significant dose-dependent reduction in ΔSCC after exposure to PGE2for 24 h compared with that for controls. This reduction was similar to the TGF-α-induced downregulation of BK-stimulated ion transport (Fig.5).
Time course of the effect of TGF-α preincubation on BK-stimulated ion transport.
To determine the duration of exposure of HCA-7 cells to TGF-α required to downregulate the secretory response to BK, TGF-α (10 ng/ml) was applied for different time periods (1, 6, 12, and 24 h) in paired experiments before stimulation with BK. The area under the response curve for the period after the addition of BK was measured from 0 to 1 min (time of initial peak response) and is shown as the percent modulation of the response from control monolayers. Exposure to TGF-α at 10 ng/ml caused a reduction of the ΔSCC response to BK compared with that for the control after 1 h of incubation, and this effect was maximal after 12 h of incubation (Fig 6).
Effect of AA on TGF-α-induced downregulation of ion transport.
To investigate if TGF-α acted by depleting substrate for the acute response to BK, TGF-α-treated monolayers were exposed to AA in Ussing chambers for 30 min before stimulation with BK. AA (10−5–10−3M) induced a slow increase in SCC (ΔSCC 2 μA/cm2), which returned to baseline after 5 min. The responses to BK with and without AA in control monolayers showed no difference (19.2 ± 2.36 vs. 19.8 ± 3.25 μA/cm2), and there was no reversal of the downregulatory effect of TGF-α (Fig.7), indicating that the effect of TGF-α was not due to the depletion of endogenous AA.
Contribution of Cl− secretion to ΔSCC.
To confirm previous reports that Cl− secretion was the main contributor to BK- and carbachol-stimulated ΔSCC in this cell line, ion substitution studies were performed. In Cl−-free media, ΔSCCs in response to BK and carbachol stimulation were reduced to 51.3 ± 7 (n = 6;P < 0.02) and 55.4 ± 1.6% (n = 6;P < 0.02) of the response seen in normal Krebs-Henseleit solution, confirming that the secretory response to BK and carbachol was at least in part due to electrogenic Cl− secretion (23).
Specificity of the secretory response.
To investigate whether TGF-α additionally affected the acute secretory response of HCA-7 cells to other secretagogues and to test the secretory capacity of HCA-7 cells, carbachol (10−4 M; a cholinomimetic agent that increases intracellular Ca2+) and forskolin (10−4 M; a direct adenylyl cyclase activator) were added to controls and TGF-α-pretreated monolayers. There was no significant reduction in the carbachol- or forskolin-stimulated response in monolayers treated with TGF-α at 10 ng/ml for 24 h (Fig. 8). Likewise, PGE2 in a dose range from 10−8 to 10−6 M had no significant effect on the carbachol-induced ΔSCC (Fig. 8).
In this study we have investigated the effect of TGF-α on acute secretory responses to BK in colonic epithelial cells. In the intestine, lamina propria cells, including myofibroblasts and mononuclear cells (11, 18, 33, 37), and epithelial cells (5-7, 13, 20) have been previously implicated in the inflammatory response to BK. BK activates cytosolic phospholipase A2 and increases prostaglandin production thought to be primarily mediated by COX-1, although COX-2 may participate in more chronic responses (22). We chose the HCA-7 colony 29 cell line because previous studies had shown that these cells express both COX-1 and COX-2 (4) and demonstrate a good secretory response to BK (5-7, 13, 20). In addition, TGF-α induces COX-2 expression and basolateral release of prostaglandins in this cell line (4).
Studies of HCA-7 monolayers have previously demonstrated that the secretory response to BK is due to both increased cAMP (as a result of increased endogenous prostaglandin production) and intracellular Ca2+ (20). Although an additive or even synergistic effect of BK-stimulated ΔSCC might have been anticipated, TGF-α preconditioning of HCA-7 cells paradoxically downregulated BK-induced acute prostaglandin production, and there was an accompanying reduction in cAMP production and Cl− secretion. This effect would appear to be mediated by prostaglandins because long-term (24 h) exposure of monolayers to exogenous PGE2 at concentrations similar to that produced by TGF-α also significantly reduced BK-stimulated cAMP production and Cl− secretion in Ussing chambers. The mechanism by which TGF-α reduced the secretory responses to BK was further investigated by adding AA before stimulation with BK. In these experiments, BK-stimulated Cl− secretion could not be restored to control levels in TGF-α-conditioned monolayers, indicating that depletion of substrate (AA) for the COX enzyme is not the mechanism by which TGF-α reduces the acute response to BK. Therefore, chronic exposure of HCA-7 cells to prostaglandins may make them partially resistant to further stimulation by BK, and this may form part of a negative-feedback loop to limit the inflammatory and secretory responses. This is not without precedent, as it has recently been reported that prostaglandins exert negative-feedback effects on the expression of COX-2 in macrophages (25) and on cAMP production in airway smooth muscle cells (24) and may be part of an endogenous regulatory mechanism. The inhibition of BK-induced increases in cAMP by EGF in a human epidermoid carcinoma cell line (A431) has also recently been described (19).
This downregulation of secretory responses, along with the enhancement of barrier function implied by the increased resistance we have reported in the present experiments, may contribute to a homeostatic role for TGF-α in modulating secretory and permeability changes that can be induced by inflammation. Some authors have previously reported reduced Cl− secretion in an inflamed colonic mucosa (14). Because TGF-α primarily upregulated COX-2 expression in a colony of HCA-7 cells similar to that used in our experiments (4), it is tempting to speculate that exaggerated PGE2 production as a result of COX-2 induction is part of the negative-feedback system exerting a braking effect on the inflammatory response.
Our experiments do not establish the mechanism by which TGF-α leads to downregulation of the responses to BK, which is the subject of ongoing research. Possibilities include tachyphylaxis as a result of prostaglandin receptor downregulation and alterations in localization, making COX enzymes less accessible to substrate released by BK. Illuminating these mechanisms will require an understanding of the extent to which COX-1 and COX-2 contribute on the one hand to TGF-stimulated prostaglandin synthesis and on the other to the prostaglandin synthesis and secretory responses stimulated by BK.
It is possible that TGF-α could have effects on HCA-7 cells apart from stimulating prostaglandin production to attenuate the secretory response to BK. The implication that an indirect metabolic mechanism is involved is further supported by time course experiments showing a lag of 1 h to the onset, and 12 h to the maximal effect, of TGF-α attenuation of BK-stimulated ion transport. In T84 cells, pretreatment with EGF, which binds to the same ligand as TGF-α, reduced the secretory response to carbachol partly by increasing intracellulard-myo-inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate, which negatively affected Cl− secretion (36). Whether TGF-α reduces BK-stimulated anion secretion by a similar mechanism in HCA-7 cells is not known. Interestingly, in our experiments with HCA-7 cells, TGF-α or prostaglandin preconditioning did not significantly affect the response to basolateral carbachol compared with that for control monolayers (Fig. 8), a finding that may reflect inherent differences in secretory mechanisms between the T84 and HCA-7 cell lines. In addition, we have shown that both COX-1 and COX-2 are constitutively expressed in HCA-7 cells, whereas T84 cells show only low levels of mRNA for COX-1 and none for COX-2 (Beltinger, unpublished observations) and respond only weakly to BK (1).
Although growth factors are generally recognized for their role in proliferation and restitution of epithelia and in maintaining mucosal integrity, they have only recently been recognized to have a role in regulating intestinal ion transport and inflammation. Previous studies have shown that TGF-α and EGF regulate other secretory functions in the gastric mucosa (32) and in pancreatic acinar cells (35). EGF has also been demonstrated to enhance glucose and sodium absorption in the rat ileum (10, 15, 23). As already mentioned, EGF inhibits carbachol-stimulated electrogenic Cl− secretion in T84 cells (36).
Moreover, TGF-α is elevated during gut inflammation (8, 9, 29), and pretreatment with EGF in a rat model of colitis reduced inflammation (30). Increases in prostaglandin synthesis associated with the induction of COX are generally regarded as having proinflammatory effects; our data suggest that they may also play a homeostatic counter role, which may be compromised during treatment with COX inhibitors. Regulatory mechanisms in the presence of an activated COX system would be useful to prevent high-level prostaglandin production (due to inflammatory mediators such as BK), which may in turn lead to the stimulation of intestinal secretion and excessive fluid and electrolyte losses from the body. Finally, a complete understanding of the effect of TGF-α on colonic mucosal secretory responses will need to take into account the ability of immunocytes to stimulate, and myofibroblasts to downregulate, Cl− secretion.
Hitherto, research on growth factors in the gut has emphasized their role in maintaining normal epithelial integrity and stimulating repair processes, as well as their possible involvement in malignant change. Our data are consistent with the notion that growth factors may also have an important homeostatic role in limiting the secretory responses to BK.
HCA-7 colony 29 cells were a kind gift from Dr. Susan Kirkland.
Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: W. A. Stack, Division of Gastroenterology, Univ. Hospital, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK (E-mail:william.stack{at}nottingham.ac.uk).
J. Beltinger was supported by a grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Ciba-Geigy-Jubilaeums-Stiftung, Switzerland.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact.
- Copyright © 1999 the American Physiological Society


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Let's play hide and seek. You hide, I won't come and get you. Bye
If you can't handle someone at their worst then you don't deserve them at their best.
Laughter is medicine to the soul — feeling happy
It's sad how some people hurt others then play the victim ✍


text:
Business / Machine Shop / Fatigue Strength: Ability of a material to withstand repeated loading.
Fatigue Adjective Synonyms: weariness, tiredness, weakness, exhaustion, lassitude, listlessness, lethargy, languor, sluggishness, enervation
Fatigue Verb Synonyms: weary, tire, weaken, exhaust, drain, enervate, fag (out)
Strength Noun Synonyms: concentration, concentratedness, intensity, potency
Strength Adjective Synonyms: power, might, force, mightiness, robustness, toughness, stoutness, sturdiness, brawn, brawniness, muscle, sinew
Health / Fitness / Strength: Amount of force a muscle or muscle group can exert against resistance. MORE
Business / Machine Shop / Shear Strength: The characteristic of a material to resist shear forces. MORE
Science / Geology / Rupture Strength: The greatest stress that a material can sustain without fracturing at one atmosphere pressure. MORE
Business / Finance / Relative Strength: Movement of a stock price over the past year as compared to a market index (like the S&P 500). A value below 1.0 means the stock shows relative weakness in price movement (underperformed the market); MORE
Science / Tides and Currents / Strength Of Current: Phase of tidal current in which the speed is a maximum; also the speed at this time. Beginning with slack before flood in the period of a reversing tidal current (or minimum before flood in a rotary c MORE
Health / Fitness / Strength Training: Process of exercising a muscle using resistance weight training to increase muscular strenght. MORE


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Shah Rukh Khan: I find the word 'fan' very presumptuous
Shah Rukh Khan, who shares a huge fan following -- a glimpse of which can be seen in the trailer of his highly anticipated film 'Fan', says that in real life, he doesn't like himself much.
Shah Rukh Khan
"In real life, I'm not fond of me. I don't like myself much. If I was fond of myself, then I would not play the characters I play, I would play myself," Shah Rukh said on TV show 'Yaar Mera Superstar'.
"I don't see myself as people see me. In fact, I don't even see my films. I watch them only at technical levels, like I saw 'Fan'. I haven't seen a movie of mine on television either. There are so many of my movies that I haven't seen. I am not a fan of myself," he added.
The 50-year-old, who will be seen in a dual avatar - as superstar Aryan and his biggest fan Gaurav - in the Maneesh Sharma directorial, says he doesn't even like the word 'fan'.
"Fan is a derivative of fanatic. It can be a bit negative also, at times. For people who like me, I have never, in my career of 25 years, called them fans. They are admirers. We talk about fan because I'm promoting a movie of the same name. I personally find the word 'fan' very presumptuous," the 'Dilwale' star shared.
"I had never thought that so many people, from so many places, will actually love me so much," he added.
'Fan' is slated to release on Friday.
The episode of 'Yaar Mera Superstar' featuring Shah Rukh will be aired on Tuesday.


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[furst-foo t] /ˈfɜrstˈfʊt/ Scot.
noun, Also, first-footer
the first person to cross the threshold of a house on New Year's Day.
the first person met after starting out on the day of an important occasion.
verb (used with object)
to enter (a house) first on New Year's Day.
verb (used without object)
to be the first to enter a house on New Year's Day.
the first person to enter a household in the New Year. By Hogmanay tradition a dark-haired man who crosses the threshold at midnight brings good luck
to enter (a house) as first-foot
Tagged: f
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