text:
Penisenlargementpenisenlargement.com ranks
#19,106,896 in the world and generates
111 Page views for daily.
FreeWebsiteReport estimates Penisenlargementpenisenlargement.com for a valuation of
$244 USD for it's visitor traffic that has the potential for CPC and Display-based advertising.
This traffic data suggests the Advertisers with a Traffic Acquisition Cost (TAC) of
$0.33 for daily and
$10.03 for monthly to spend on advertisements with Penisenlargementpenisenlargement.com. Penisenlargementpenisenlargement.com receives most of it's
organic referrals traffic from 2 websites around the world. Penisenlargementpenisenlargement.com servers are located in the United States.
|Time Average
|Site Rank
|View Rank
|Views Per-User
3 Month
Monax Research Institute
Google Safe Browsing - Safe website. Clean from Viruses, Malicious Worms, Adwares, Trojans, Spywares and Suspicious Phishing Attacks.
5722 W Century Blvd, Los Angeles, CA - 90045, US. Phone: +1 502 585 0000 Email: admin[AT]penisenlargementpenisenlargement.com


text: " Assessment | Biopsychology | Comparative | Cognitive | Developmental | Language | Individual... Type II errors Pages in category "Prediction errors" This category contains only the following page. T Type II errors Retrieved from "http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Category:Prediction_errors" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
601 W Frontage Rd, Algodones, NM 87001Request info Add to list
To view building contacts please sign in with your Pro account or create a pro account.
Brett H.
Company: requires Pro account
Email: requires Pro account
Phone: requires Pro account
Building Details:
601 W Frontage Rd is a mixed-use property for lease in Algodones, NM.
• This property was built in 1994 as a modern outlet mall with a southwestern motif, located halfway between Albuquerque and Santa Fe. Today the property is being offered for new potential uses.
• The property is located along Interstate Highway 25, approximately Ľ mile southwest of the Budaghers Interchange at exit 257.
• The site contains 31.51 acres of improved land and 17.5 acres of unimproved land. Total acreage: 49.01
• No known environmental issues.
• Site has mature landscaping, storm drains, and retention pond.
• Approximately 850 feet of frontage along the northwest side of the Interstate Highway 25 frontage road.
• The site is generally at street grade and gradually slopes downward to the northwest.
• The property has a total of 18 acre feet per year of consumptive water rights and 50 acre feet per year of diversion rights.
• 800 foot deep, 8 inch cased well with a looped underground 4 inch PVC pipe distribution system. 113,000-gallon reservoir with chlorination system.
• 18 acre feet per year of consumptive water rights and 50 acre feet per year of diversion rights.
• Net leasable area: approximately 159,954 square feet.
• Gross square footage of buildings: 168,532
• Maximum ceiling height: 20 feet.
• Bay depths range from 70' to 100'.
• Zoning: No restrictions to use known at this time.
• 550 paved parking spaces.
• The buildings have fully automatic fire sprinkler systems.
• Natural gas is provided by underground pipeline.
• 3 phase electric power.
• Property taxes approximately $8,000 per year.
Request Property Information
Please describe your commercial real estate requirements. We'll introduce you to local properties that match your criteria.


text:
Missed the first call this morning. No message left.
2nd call, woman stated my husband had completed a form on the internet requesting insurance quote. A LIE! My husband NEVER uses a computer! AND I made no such request in his name for ANY insurance quote. The female caller was RUDE and hung up on me when I told her so. I called back and received an immediate answer by a man who answered the phone 'Hello, 'my husbands name'. Some thing...insurance quote.


text:
With First Tutors: Music you can locate a Maghera singing tutor. Singing lessons are the perfect method to start a stimulating new hobby, pick up a new skill and attain confidence with singing. Use our site to search for Maghera singing teachers and determine which suits your needs so you can enjoy your singing tuition in Maghera straight away!
First Tutors: Music is the best way to locate Maghera singing tutors in the UK, helping you discover Maghera singing tuition in your area and Maghera teachers to assist with any instrument, for example, piano, violin or guitar. We can help you find Maghera singing tuition or a one-to-one Maghera singing tutor to prepare for singing exams and develop your singing skills! Our search will order Maghera singing tutors in your area according to their tuition prices and proximity to you.
If you are a singing teacher and would like to offer your singing lessons in Maghera or throughout the UK, please register with First Tutors: Music or learn about us here. Becoming a Maghera singing teacher is a fantastic way to re-affirm your own skills by giving singing tuition while assisting someone else, all in the Maghera area!


text:
Macau - before all the new casinos
Macau Travel Blog› entry 1 of 1 › view all entries
Long before Travbuddy made my life easier, I would send out my travel blogs in email form to my friends and family. This one I wrote after my first trip to Macau. This was in January of 2002, before they built all the new Vegas style casinos, so it's a bit dated. Nevertheless, it's good to finally clean it out of my hotmail sent box and actually post it online. Thanks Travbuddy.
I finally made it away for a weekend to a place many of you may not know exists, Macau. Macau is a former (don't laugh) Portuguese colony about 45 minutes boat ride from Hong Kong. It was the first European colony in Asia, and was handed back over to China two years ago. Macau now has the same status as Hong Kong, the coveted SAR status. SAR (Special Administrative Region) is what China now calls Hong Kong. You've gotta love communist marketing. Don't call Hong Kong "Island of Opportunity" or "Your link to world markets" as that Port of Toledo sign reads. Name the 6th biggest economy in the world "Special Administrative Region." And they wonder why Taiwan isn't interested in becoming the 3rd SAR.
Anyway, back to Macau, what a strange place. I arrived via turbo-jet hovercraft on the coldest day of the year so far. I was quite suspicious of anything that claimed to be a Portuguese colony. I lived about 100 miles from the Portuguese border in Spain and never hear anyone utter a single word about the place. Speaking of which, has anyone ever thought of how overrated Magellan is and how underrated his first mate is. Afterall, Magellan never did make it all the way around the world. He got killed, not eaten (thanks Iheart2travel) in the Phillipines. His boat did make it and whoever sailed it the rest of the way is getting completely screwed by the history books.
Sure enough though, Macau has all the signs written in Portuguese, Chinese, and English. I actually heard two guys speaking Portuguese in the boat terminal. Even more amusing was taking Avenida Rodrigo Rodrigues to the hotel. On the way we passed some really strange sounding places like the Banco Maritimo de Portugal Chung Keong. We also passed the Hotel Lisboa, which houses Macau's famous Casino. Which brings me to my next topic, Stanley Ho. Dr. Stanley Ho (a name reserved for Gangsta Rappers and Hong Kong Real Estate Tycoons only) is the latter of the two and provides 50% of Macau's GDP through his casino and betting empire. He built the casino, owns all the boats to HK, owns all the race horses and tracks, and built the new space needle. He also maintains several wives in several different countries, and co-sponsors the Macau Grand Prix with Jacky Chan. In other words, Stanley Ho is a doctor of general coolness and all that is right and wrong with the world. *Note: I actually saw Stanley Ho a few years later in a Starbucks in HK. He was with wife #6 and his bodyguard, whose concealed handgun was bulging out of his coat. They sat at the table right next to me and flipped through a real estate guide (just as you would expect them to do). It was my most memorable celebrity sighting ever.
Our first stop was a seaside Buddhist temple dedicated to the sea goddess. There the fisherman pray for calm waters and abundant fish before they leave Macau. They also have giant rings of incense which burn for days at a time. They are about 4 feet tall, thick, and are coiled up like a snake. You just light one end and let it burn in the temple. We then visited a 5 star hotel built out of the shell of an old Portuguese fortress. They've built around it so the fortress walls are actually inside the hotel itself. After that we ate at a Macanese restaurant. Macau's national dish is something called African Chicken (don't ask why) but resembled Thai peanut curry only with more garlic. It's absolutely fantastic and we went back the next day to have it again.
That night we also toured the casino which was absolute crap but still managed to roll in cash. The casinos had signs in Chinese that said "no spitting". Apparently mainland chinese have a habit of spitting wherever they want to including a carpeted floor so they had to hang signs in the place to ask them not to. We also saw a relatively phenomenon new in Asia, though prevalent many other places, the Russian hooker. There was a whole gaggle of them across from the casino with their bleach blonde hair and bright red lipstick. I told Viv "hey some more expats over there" . She said, "those are hookers you f******g moron, Russians". Apparently they are famous in Macau. We ended the evening at a trendy bar which featured Portuguese beer, a cheezy band, and NBA basketball on the big screen. When I was in Portugal 5 years ago, it's safe to say that I didn't think the next time I'd drink a Superbock would be in South China, listening to two Chinese girls singing Toto's "Africa", and watching the Lakers/Spurs game.
Next day we toured the colonial district of Macau. It looks like Europe but everyone is Chinese. The biggest cathedral in Macau burned down a long time ago but the facade is still there along with the graves of many priests and Portuguese officials who built Macau. We visited some pastry shops with some really good things and other delicacies such as "Pig Grease Macaroons". The district also had some of the best furniture stores I've ever seen. If you like lots of wood in Asian style furniture, send your requests, the stuff is really cheap there, and they'll ship it anywhere. After more African chicken for lunch, we headed to the island across the harbor. It's much nicer, houses the university, racetrack, and the airport. But there isn't a lot to do there so we found a shopping mall to get out of the cold. The mall was just different enough to make you realize you were in Macau. There were Portuguese items everywhere, and some strange Eastern European chocolates and other random things. There I spent the last of my Macanese Patacas in the video game machines. The horse racing game was fun until my video horse died of exhaustion and I nearly did with it. I have some funny video of me beating the hell of of this mechanical horse with the mechanical whip button. Send money for a copy.


text:
An Introduction
Incocu Jewellery, LLP is known for its exquisite Diamond Jewelry, Gemstone Jewelry, Fine Jewelry and Kundan Meena Jewelry. From making of the piece to delivering the eye grabbing piece(s), we have become one of the most prominent manufacturer, supplier and exporter. Our most demanding pieces include designer rings, necklaces, pendants, bangles, and anklets.
Our exquisite collection of jewelry offers our customers the option from casual to formal. We have variations from modern to traditional for all occasions. Our array is praised for its mesmerizing designs, smooth edges, perfect polishing and skin-friendliness.
Creativity is in the nerves of our every employee, utilizing their passion to make each piece of jewelry unique. We have an expert team of personnel who work to enhance each piece of ornament by beautifying their ending packaging.
Our Focus Towards Quality
With the aim to make our own identity in the market, hence why we ensure to source and use finest quality precious & semi-precious stones and many other materials for making our collection. The quality controllers of our firm keep an eye on all the designing and carving stages to ensure that best is offered for our clients. Further, Out jewelry items are examined on the basis of its finishing, polish, looks, design accuracy, smoothness of edges, etc.
What's In Our Showroom?
We are famous for manufacturing, supplying and exporting an impeccable array of the following:-
- Gemstone Jewelry
- Indian Diamond Jewelry
- Fine Jewelry
- Kundan Meena Jewelry
- Rings
- Pendants
- Anklets
- Nose Pins
- Necklaces
- Bangles
To easily meet with the changing market demands for jewelry items, we are backed by a sound infrastructure set up. It includes the variation of hi-tech cutting, soldering and many other machines that aid in jewelry making. Apart from manufacturing we have developed items that are attractively packed and safely stored in our spacious store. Moreover, an experienced team of personnel looks after and handles all the tasks of our infrastructure premise.
527, Pancharatna, Opera House, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400004


text:
Furnaces for Manufactured Homes
Updated Jan. 21, 2017
By Chris Brooks
Manufactured homes are built at a manufacturer's production headquarters and transported to the homeowner's building site. Furnaces designed for mobile homes function differently than those designed for traditionally constructed houses. Your heating and cooling systems should suit your manufactured home's size and type. Mobile home furnaces can burn gas, propane or oil.
Mobile homes furnaces need to be ducted, vented, and installed differently than standard residential furnaces. The ducting system in a mobile home is much smaller than in a site-built home. Mobile home furnaces use a venting system called "sealed combustion". Standard home furnaces do not take these differences into consideration and can be dangerous in a mobile home. Because of smaller air ducts and tighter corners, forced air doesn't flow as freely in a mobile home as in a larger house. That means that buyers need to ensure that the fan blower is designed to suit their specific unit.
We use the terms "manufactured home" and "mobile home" interchangeably. While this is technically not accurate (mobile homes were factory-built dwellings produced before the 1976 HUD code enactment) it matches both terms' common usage.
Brands of Furnaces Built for Mobile Homes
Many of the same manufacturers that make furnaces for traditional homes also sell models for mobile homes. Some brands that are available include:
Furnaces build for mobile homes will have a label or a metal data plate stating that they are approved for use in manufactured homes -- don't buy a furnace that doesn't have the label.
Efficiency Ratings
Manufactured home furnaces range in efficiency from 80% - 95% AFUE. It's important to have your furnace sized before choosing a heating system.
The total cost of installing a new furnace includes the labor cost and the equipment cost. Equipment costs include:
- Oil furnaces operate at about 80% efficiency, and cost around $1,500
- Natural gas / propane furnaces start at around $800 for an 80% efficient furnace, and range up to around $1,500 for a 95% efficient furnace
- Electric furnaces for manufactured homes start at around $600


text:
Oklahoma Football Recruiting: Top 5 Overachievers of Bob Stoops EraFebruary 3, 2012
Oklahoma Football Recruiting: Top 5 Overachievers of Bob Stoops Era
Oklahoma Sooner fans, like followers of other teams, are boning up on the incoming recruiting class and trying to keep their excitement about the upcoming season to a manageable level.
Looking at analyses of prospects can be very informative and interesting, but projections are called projections for a reason—nobody knows for sure if that 5-star recruit will pan out or if that 2-star prospect will somehow make it to the NFL.
Granted, scouting reports are a valuable tool, but they can't measure intangibles. They don't account for the players that transcend their perceived "limitations" and blossom as football players.
As OU fans bask in the glory of another promising class, here's a look at five Sooners from the Bob Stoops Era who should be praised for defying the odds and making the absolute best of what they had.
Quinton Carter
Scout labeled Carter a 2-star recruit in the class of 2005, mentioning his achievements as a dual-threat quarterback and basketball player for Cheyenne High School in North Las Vegas.
Carter made the absolute best of his five years in Norman, finishing his career with 221 tackles and eight interceptions in 29 total starts. He was also lauded for his community service efforts.
He parlayed his success into the NFL when the Broncos drafted him in the fourth round in 2011. In his young career, Carter can already brag about intercepting Tom Brady and Ben Roethlisberger. I doubt recruiting analysts were envisioning him doing that when they left him out of the prospect rankings in 2005.
Jason White
The Tuttle, Okla., native earned a 2-star ranking from Scout in 1999. That didn't stop him from crafting one of the best success stories and a sensational career that earned him a Heisman Trophy, a Big 12 Championship and a monument immortalizing his accomplishments.
Despite tearing his ACL in both legs, White recovered from surgeries and threw for a then-record 40 touchdowns and 3,846 yards in 2003, locking up the Heisman and leading his team to the national championship.
In 2004, White threw for 3,205 yards and 35 touchdowns, winning the Maxwell Award, a Big 12 Championship and playing in a second consecutive BCS championship.
Unsurprisingly, he was a Heisman finalist as well.
Statistically, White has to be considered one of the best ever at OU; he is third all-time in touchdown passes and yards. But his legacy is elevated by an intangible quality: his sheer resiliency. For that, White will be forever remembered as one of the best to don the Crimson and Cream.
Mark Clayton
Clayton arrived in Norman in 2000 as an undersized and underwhelming prospect that had been unranked by Scout.
When Clayton left OU after the 2004 season, he had carved out his place among the all-time Sooner greats. A YAC master, he electrified fans and pulverized opponents en route to 221 catches, 3,241 yards and 31 touchdowns.
The 5'10," 190-pound escape artist was drafted 22nd overall by the Ravens, and he played for five seasons. Currently, he is with fellow OU alum Sam Bradford and the St. Louis Rams.
Clayton is a textbook example of someone who didn't let physical attributes impede his ability to be incredibly successful.
Josh Heupel
Bob Stoops can thank the lefty from Aberdeen, South Dakota for catapulting him into the pantheon of elite coaches and earning him his one and only national championship to date as a head coach.
Heupel made the phrase "Sooner Magic" relevant once again in 2000, when he led the Sooners on an improbable yet poetic run to the crystal ball in Miami.
Despite earning a ring and a trip to New York for the Heisman Trophy presentation, Heupel will never forget his humble roots.
After stints at Weber State University and Snow College in Utah, the gutsy southpaw transferred to Oklahoma in 1999, joining a young incoming defensive coordinator from Florida who had just accepted his first head coaching job.
In the end, the arrangement worked out pretty nicely for Heupel and Stoops.
Quentin Griffin
"Q" made the most of his time in Norman, that's for sure. Listed by Scout at a generous 5'7", 195 pounds, Griffin is short, but not small.
An incredibly tough runner who dazzled fans by his ability to squeeze every last drop out of his runs, Griffin was a key contributor in his four seasons. He scored six touchdowns against Texas in 2000, a school record, and logged the only touchdown in OU's national championship victory over Florida State.
Griffin capped off his senior season with 2,148 yards from scrimmage and 18 touchdowns. Overall, he accumulated 4,973 yards from scrimmage and 49 touchdowns.
Q was drafted in the fourth round of the 2003 NFL draft by the Broncos. He appeared in 16 games for Denver, logging 656 yards.
He may not have been the most physically impressive player on the gridiron, but OU fans will always remember Q's incredible collegiate career.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 27, 1998
|Filing date
|Jun 7, 1995
|Priority date
|Jan 9, 1992
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Jo Klaveness, Pal Rongved, Lars Stubberud
|Original Assignee
|Nycomed Imaging As
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (33), Classifications (14), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a Division of application Ser. No. 08/256,149, filed Dec. 9, 1994, U.S. Pat. No. 5,558,856, which is a 371 of PCT/EP93/00027, filed Jan. 8, 1993.
This invention relates to novel contrast agents, more particularly to new microparticulate contrast agents of use in diagnostic imaging.
It is well known that ultrasonic imaging comprises a potentially valuable diagnostic tool, for example in studies of the vascular system, particularly in cardiography, and of tissue microvasculature. A variety of contrast agents has been proposed to enhance the acoustic images so obtained, including suspensions of solid particles, emulsified liquid droplets, gas microbubbles and encapsulated gases or liquids. It is generally accepted that low density contrast agents which are easily compressible are particularly efficient in terms of the acoustic backscatter they generate, and considerable interest has therefore been shown in the preparation of gas-containing and gas-generating systems.
Initial studies involving free gas microbubbles generated in vivo by intracardiac injection of physiologically acceptable substances have demonstrated the potential efficiency of such bubbles as contrast agents in echocardiography; such techniques are severely limited in practice, however, by the short lifetime of the free bubbles. Interest has accordingly been shown in methods of generating and/or stabilising gas microbubbles for echocardiography and other ultrasonic studies, for example using emulsifiers, oils, thickeners or sugars.
Techniques involving the use of sugars in ultrasound contrast agents are described in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,681,119, U.S. Pat. No. 4,442,843 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,657,756, which disclose the use of particulate solids having a plurality of gas-filled voids and preferably also a plurality of nuclei for microbubble formation. EP-A-0123235 and EP-A-0122624 suggest ultrasound contrast agents consisting of surfactant-coated or surfactant-containing gas-containing microparticles which may include a variety of sugars. Where surfactant-containing microparticles are described, these are prepared simply by commingling the surfactant with the microparticulate materials, e.g. by trituration.
DE-A-3834705 proposes the use of suspensions containing microparticles of mixtures of at least one C10-20 fatty acid with at least one non-surface active substance, including sugars such as cyclodextrins, monosaccharides, disaccharides or trisaccharides, as well as other polyols and inorganic and organic salts; in practice only the use of galactose as the non-surface active material and only the use of saturated fatty acids are exemplified. The microparticulate materials are typically prepared by coprecipitating the fatty acid and non-surface active substance and comminuting the resulting product, e.g. using an air-jet mill.
One material of the type described in DE-A-3834705, SHU 508 (Levovist�), is described in the following publications:
Schlief, R. et al., Circulation Supplement III (1990) 82, p. 28; Schartl, M. et al., Circulation Supplement III (1990) 82, p. 261; Fritzsch, T. et al., Invest. Radiol. (1990) 25 (Suppl), pp. 160-161; Schlief, R. et al., Echocardiography (1990) 7, pp. 61-64; Loughery, E. J. et al., Echocardiography (1990) 7, pp. 279-292; and Smith, M. D. et al., JACC (1989) 13, pp. 1622-1628.
Gas-containing contrast media are also known to be effective in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, e.g. as susceptibility contrast agents which will act to reduce MR signal intensity. Oxygen-containing contrast media also represent potentially useful paramagnetic MR contrast agents.
Furthermore, in the field of X-ray imaging it has been observed that gases such as carbon dioxide may be used as negative oral contrast agents.
A general disadvantage of most of the existing gas-containing/gas-generating particulate contrast agents such as the sugar-based agents discussed above is their relative lack of stability in vivo. This is a particular problem in applications such as echocardiography, where there is a need for improved contrast agents combining sufficient stability and small microbubble size (typically less than about 10 μm, preferably less than about 7 μm) to permit passage through the pulmonary capillary bed and so allow enhanced visualisation of the left side of the heart, preferably for more than one passage of circulation. There is accordingly a need for contrast agents which generate microbubble systems exhibiting good stability while still providing an effective level of contrast efficiency.
The present invention is based on our finding that contrast agents comprising microparticles of a carbohydrate having a surfactant admixed therewith (but excluding the previously disclosed mixtures of galactose and saturated C10-20 fatty acids) may be used to generate microbubble systems exhibiting enhanced contrast effect and/or stability relative to previously proposed carbohydrate-based contrast agents. In the ultrasound field this may be demonstrated by, for example, in vitro measurements of initial attenuation levels and the half lives of the attenuative effect; a useful indication of the combined effect of these properties is the integral obtained by determining the area under the curve of a plot of attenuation against time.
FIG. 1 shows the results for representative exemplified products and comparative results for unmodified milled D-(+)-galactose.
The term "surfactant" as used herein means any compound having amphiphilic properties capable of modifying surface tension.
Thus, according to one aspect of the present invention, Here are provided contrast agents comprising microbubble-generating carbohydrate microparticles having a surfactant admixed within the microparticulate structure, with the proviso that the surfactant is not a saturated C10-20 fatty acid when the microparticulate carbohydrate is galactose.
The microparticulate carbohydrate is preferably water soluble, and subject to the foregoing proviso may for example be selected from hexoses such as glucose, fructose or galactose; disaccharides such as sucrose, lactose or maltose; pentoses such as arabinose, xylose or ribose; and polysaccharides such as α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins, maltodextrin and glycogen; the term "carbohydrate" as used herein is also intended to embrace sugar alcohols, e.g. alditols such as mannitol or sorbitol. Microparticles of the above carbohydrates will normally have gas present as an inclusion in the voids of their crystal structure and/or adhered to their surface, which gas may generate microbubbles when, for example, the microparticles are suspended or dissolved in an injectable carrier liquid, for example water for injection, an aqueous solution of one or more inorganic salts (e.g. physiological saline or a physiological buffer solution), an aqueous solution of a monosaccharide (e.g. glucose or galactose) or disaccharide (e.g. lactose), or an aqueous solution of a physiologically tolerable monohydric or polyhydric alcohol (e.g. ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerine or polyethylene glycol).
In addition to or alternatively to air, any biocompatible gas may be employed in the contrast agents of the invention, for example nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, helium, argon, sulphur hexafluoride and low molecular weight optionally fluorinated hydrocarbons such as methane, acetylene or carbon tetrafluoride. The term "gas" as used herein includes any substance in the gaseous form at 37� C. The gas may be contained in the contrast agent in such a way that before use the product is non-contrast giving but becomes effective on administration, e.g. as a result of the gas forming microbubbles as a soluble carbohydrate matrix dissolves.
Additionally or alternatively the carbohydrate may incorporate one or more gas precursors, including carbonates and bicarbonates (e.g. sodium or ammonium bicarbonate) and aminomalonate esters.
Subject to the foregoing proviso a wide variety of surfactants may be used in the ultrasound contrast agents of the invention; it will of course be appreciated that the surfactant is required to be biocompatible, i.e. that it should be physiologically tolerable in the quantities in which it is to be administered. The surfactant is advantageously biodegradable in vivo or otherwise readily eliminable from the system.
The surfactant may, for example, be an amphiphilic lipid, e.g. selected from fatty acids and salts (e.g. alkali metal salts) thereof, steroid acids, sterols, phospholipids and glycolipids. Such lipids include high molecular weight (e.g. C10-50) straight chain saturated and unsaturated aliphatic acids, such as capric, palmitic, hexadecanedioic, stearic, linolenic, behenic, docosanedioic and melissic acids; aralkanoic acids, e.g. phenyl lower alkanoic acids such as 2-phenylbutyric acid; salts of any of the foregoing acids; mono- and diglycerides, for example glyceryl esters of high molecular weight (e.g. C10-50) aliphatic acids, such as glyceryl monolaurate; cholanic acids such as 5β-cholanic acid; cholesterol; sorbitan esters of fatty acids such as Span-type materials; high molecular weight (e.g. C10-50) straight chain aliphatic alcohols such as stearyl alcohol and cetyl alcohol; phospholipids such as phosphatidyl choline (lecithin) and dioleoylphosphatidyl ethanolamine (DOPE); and mixtures thereof.
Other surfactants which may be employed include anionic surfactants, for example alkali metal alkyl sulphates such as sodium lauryl sulphate and sulphonated esters such as sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate (docusate); and non-ionic surfactants, for example polyoxyethylene-polyoxyproplyene copolymers (e.g. poloxamers such as Pluronic F68) and polyoxyethylated sorbitan esters (e.g. polysorbates such as Tween-type materials).
The surfactant moiety may if desired be covalently linked to a substrate such as a carbohydrate prior to its admixture with the principal microparticulate carbohydrate. Thus, for example, a fatty acid such as palmitic acid (preferably in the form of a reactive derivative such as a corresponding acyl halide) may be used to esterify a (preferably appropriately O-protected) sugar such as galactose and the resulting lipophilically modified carbohydrate used as the surfactant in accordance with the invention.
The surfactant may, for example, be present in an amount of 0.01-5.0 wt. %, preferably 0.1-2.0 wt. %, relative to the microparticulate carbohydrate.
The contrast agents of the invention may be used in a variety of diagnostic imaging techniques, including ultrasound, MR and X-ray imaging. Their uses in diagnostic ultrasonic imaging and MR imaging, e.g. as susceptibility contrast agents, constitute preferred features of the invention.
The contrast agents of the invention may be prepared by any convenient method which leads to physical admixture of the surfactant within the microparticulate structure of the carbohydrate and to production of microparticles of the desired size.
In one preferred method according to the invention the carbohydrate and the surfactant are each dissolved in appropriate mutually miscible solvents (e.g. water in the case of the carbohydrate and a lower alkanol such as ethanol in the case of lipid surfactants such as fatty acids), the resulting solutions are mixed, the solvents are removed (e.g. by evaporation under reduced pressure), and the resulting solid mixture is micronised to yield the desired microparticles. It will be appreciated that all such operations should be effected under sterile conditions.
In an alternative method according to the invention a (preferably aqueous) solution of the carbohydrate is mixed with a liposome-forming material (e.g. a thin film of a lipid such as lecithin formed on the inner surface of the mixing vessel by evaporating the solvent from a solution of the lipid in an appropriate organic solvent, for example a chlorinated hydrocarbon such as chloroform) so as to form a liposome-containing carbohydrate solution from which the solvent may be removed (e.g. by freeze-drying) to yield a product comprising carbohydrate-containing liposomes; this product may be micronised to given microparticles of the desired size.
In general conventional micronisation techniques such as grinding or milling may be employed in processes according to the invention. Ball-milling of the solid mixture has been found to be particularly advantageous, permitting the preparation of microparticles in the form of aggregates (for example having an aggregate size of 20-125 micrometers, such as 30-50 micrometers) of particles having a particle size of, for example, 1-50 micrometers, such as 1-10 micrometers. Such aggregates will tend to contain a substantial volume of air adsorbed on their surfaces and entrained in voids such as interparticle cavities or at grain boundaries between the crystallites. The particle size may, for example, be selected to be substantially commensurate with the desired microbubble size. In ultrasonic applications such as echocardiography, in order to permit free passage through the pulmonary system and to achieve resonance with the preferred imaging frequencies of about 0.1-15 MHz, it may be convenient to employ microbubbles and microparticles having an average size of 0.1-10 μm, e.g. 1-7 μm; the use of microparticles of average size 1-4 μm to generate microbubbles with an average size of 4-7 μm is generally advantageous.
Substantially larger bubbles and particles, e.g. with average sizes up to 500 μm, may however be useful in other applications, for example gastrointestinal imaging.
Ultrasound contrast agents in the form of microparticles comprising a microbubble-generating carbohydrate in admixture with an amphiphilic organic acid containing in excess of 20 carbon atoms are the subject matter of our international patent application cofiled herewith and claiming priority from British patent application No. 9200387.0.
The following non-limitative Examples serve to illustrate the invention:
D-(+)-galactose (10.0 g) was dissolved in distilled water (14.2 g) at 50� C., sterile filtered and cooled on ice to a temperature of 4�-8� C. The stated amounts of the surfactants (in % w/w relative to the galactose) listed in Table I were each dissolved in the amount of 96% ethanol (or water in Examples 5 and 6) shown in the Table, at 50�-78� C., and the resulting solution was sterile filtered and then aseptically added to the cold aqueous galactose solution under stirring. The resulting mixture was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure (10 torr, 40� C.), and the resulting solid product was dried in a desiccator overnight and then ground for 10 minutes under aseptic conditions in a stainless steel ball mill having a 50 ml grinding cup and 3�20 mm balls (Retsch centrifugal ball mill, S1). The ground product was dried in a desiccator for 24 hours.
TABLE I______________________________________ Amount of Amount of ethanolExample Surfactant (or water)No. Surfactant (% w/w) (g)______________________________________ 1 Lecithin 1.0 1.2 2 " 0.2 1.2 3 Sodium Lauryl Sulphate 1.0 1.0 (water) 4 " 0.1 1.0 (water) 5 Span 80 1.0 1.2 6 " 0.1 1.2 7 Span 85 1.0 1.2 8 " 0.1 1.2 9 Pluronic F68 1.0 1.210 " 0.1 1.211 Sodium Docusate 1.0 1.212 " 0.1 1.213 DOPE 1.0 1.214 " 0.1 1.215 α-Glyceryl Monolaurate 0.2 3.2 Glyceryl Tripalmitate 0.2 Cholesterol 0.2 Cholesterol Acetate 0.2 Cholesterol Benzoate 0.216 α-Glyceryl Monolaurate 0.02 1.2 Glyceryl Tripalmitate 0.02 Cholesterol 0.02 Cholesterol Acetate 0.02 Cholesterol Benzoate 0.0217 Hexadecanedioic Acid 0.2 1.218 Linolenic Acid 1.0 1.2______________________________________
The general procedure for Examples 1-18 was repeated except that the D-(+)-galactose was replaced by the carbohydrates listed in Table II, in the amounts and using the quantities of water shown, and that the surfactant used was palmitic acid (0.2% w/w relative to the carbohydrate) dissolved in 96% ethanol (1.2 g).
TABLE II______________________________________ Amount of Amount ofExample Microbubble-generating Carbohydrate waterNo. Carbohydrate (g) (g)______________________________________19 Xylose (BDH) 10.0 14.220 Maltodextrin 10.0 14.221 Glycogen (Merck) 5.0 17.222 α-Cyclodextrin (Sigma) 5.0 12.2______________________________________
(A) 6-O-Palmitoyl-1,2,3,4-diisopropylidene-D-galactopyranose
1,2,3,4-Diisopropylidene-D-galactopyranose (Sigma, 13.4 g, 51.3 mmol) and triethylamine (7.15 ml, 51.3 mmol) were dissolved in methylene chloride (150 ml) and cooled to 0� C. Palmitoyl chloride (Aldrich, 14.1 g, 51.3 mmol) dissolved in methylene chloride (100 ml) was added dropwise with stirring over 1 h. The cooling bath was removed and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight. Precipitated triethylamine hydrochloride was removed by filtration, the filtrate was transferred to a separating funnel and extracted with water (3�50 ml), dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was a light brownish oil which solidified to waxy crystals. Crude yield: 23 g. The crude product was used without further purification. A small aliquot was recrystallized for characterisation. FT-IR:CO-1734 cm-1. 13 C-NMR: CO-ester 172.79. Mp. 124�-127� C.
(B) 6-O-Palmitoyl-D-galactopyranose
6-O-Palmitoyl-1,2,3,4-diisopropylidene-D-galactopyranose (6 g) was dissolved in acetic acid (25 ml) and heated to 100� C. under nitrogen for 6h. During subsequent cooling to room temperature, the product precipitated from the solvent, and was left at room temperature overnight. The crystals were collected by filtration and dried under vacuum. Yield:3.3 g. The product was characterized by FT-IR:CO-1734 cm-1 ; OH-3464 cm-1.
(C) 6-O-Palmitoyl-D-galactopyranose/galactose Mixtures
(i) D-(+)-galactose (2 g) was dissolved in purified water (2.87 g) and sterile filtered. 6-O-Palmitoyl-D-galactopyranose (0.25 g) prepared as described in (B) above was dissolved in ethanol (3 g) and sterile filtered. The solution of the palmitoyl-galactopyranose was added to the galactose solution under stirring and the whole mixture was taken to dryness under vacuum (10 torr, 50� C.). The product was dried in a desiccator overnight.
(ii) The procedure of (i) was repeated using 6-O-palmitoyl-D-galactopyranose (0.50 g) dissolved in ethanol (6 g).
1 ml 100 mg/ml phosphatidylcholine was dissolved in 10 ml chloroform. The mixture was poured into a round bottom flask, and the organic phase was evaporated at 40� C. in such a way that a thin film of the phosphatidylcholine was formed on the inner surface of the flask. 10 ml of a sterile, pyrogen free 40% aqueous D-(+)-galactose solution was then added at 40� C. and the flask was kept rotating for 1 hour. The aqueous solution containing liposomes and dissolved galactose was then freeze-dried for 24 hours, and the resulting product consisting of freeze-dried galactose and freeze-dried galactose-filled liposomes was then ground in a ball-mill to yield a product with a particle size distribution of 1-20 μm.
10 ml of propylene glycol mixed with 90 ml of 5% dextrose in water was used as a carrier liquid for determining the echogenicity of products according to the Examples. 1.0 g of each product to be tested was dispersed in 3.0 ml of the carrier liquid and shaken for 15 seconds. The resulting mixture was added to 52 ml of 5% human serum albumin infusion solution in the measurement cell and the acoustic effects of the products were investigated by measuring the acoustic transmission through the samples using a 5 MHz broadband transducer in a pulse-reflection technique. The temperature in the measurement cell was stabilised to 37� C. and circulation of the liquid was maintained by means of stirring at a constant rate. Ultrasound transmission through the samples was measured as a function of time over a duration of 390 seconds. Results were normalized to measurements on a reference consisting of 55 ml of 5% human serum albumin infusion solution.
Results for representative exemplified products and comparative results for unmodified milled D-(+)-galactose are shown in the accompanying drawing as FIG. 1. It will be apparent that these products exhibit a strong effect on ultrasonic attenuation in vitro, an effect which persisted for several minutes.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 18, 1991
|Aug 25, 1992
|Schering Aktiengesellschaft
|Ultrasonic contrast medium comprising gas bubbles and solid lipophilic surfactant-containing microparticles and use thereof
|Jun 4, 1993
|Feb 28, 1995
|Sonus Pharmaceuticals Inc.
|Methods for selecting and using gases as ultrasound contrast media
|Sep 30, 1994
|Jul 2, 1996
|Bracco International Bv
|Stable microbubbles suspensions injectable into living organisms
|Jan 8, 1993
|Sep 24, 1996
|Nycomed Imaging As
|Microbubble-generating contrast agents for ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging
|Jul 3, 1992
|Jan 21, 1993
|Holmes, Michael, John
|Improvements in or relating to contrast agents
|Feb 26, 1993
|Sep 2, 1993
|Gardner, John, Richard, Greenough
|Closure assemblies for openings
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 7, 2000
|Feb 4, 2003
|Drexel University
|Method of enhancing ultrasonic techniques via measurement of ultraharmonic signals
|Oct 24, 2007
|Feb 23, 2010
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Apr 21, 2005
|Jun 1, 2010
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Mar 2, 2004
|Jun 15, 2010
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Sep 23, 2008
|Nov 30, 2010
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Porous polymeric particle comprising polyvinyl alcohol and having interior to surface porosity-gradient
|Mar 2, 2005
|Dec 28, 2010
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Oct 23, 2002
|Feb 8, 2011
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Mixing and delivery of therapeutic compositions
|Feb 15, 2006
|May 24, 2011
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Block copolymer particles
|Sep 23, 2008
|May 31, 2011
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Drug delivery particle
|Apr 28, 2005
|Jun 21, 2011
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Tissue-treatment methods
|Jan 5, 2010
|Jun 21, 2011
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Aug 27, 2004
|Jul 12, 2011
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Ferromagnetic particles and methods
|Oct 12, 2005
|Aug 30, 2011
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Coil assemblies, components and methods
|Aug 29, 2003
|Sep 6, 2011
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Dec 19, 2005
|Jan 24, 2012
|Stryker Corporation
|Forming coils
|May 9, 2006
|Apr 10, 2012
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Embolic coils
|Mar 30, 2004
|May 8, 2012
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Apr 28, 2010
|Jul 10, 2012
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Jul 26, 2011
|Sep 25, 2012
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Nov 16, 2010
|Mar 12, 2013
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Bulking agent
|Sep 17, 2007
|Apr 9, 2013
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Cross-linked polymer particles
|Dec 1, 2004
|Apr 23, 2013
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Embolic coils
|May 12, 2011
|Apr 30, 2013
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Tissue-treatment methods
|Mar 11, 2013
|Nov 19, 2013
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Bulking agents
|May 21, 2007
|Dec 29, 2015
|Drexel University
|Drug loaded contrast agents: combining diagnosis and therapy
|Apr 29, 2013
|Mar 15, 2016
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Tissue-treatment methods
|Jun 24, 2005
|Oct 11, 2016
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Methods and systems for coating particles
|Jun 13, 2003
|Nov 6, 2003
|Scimed Life Systems, Inc., A Minnesota Corporation
|Embolic agents visible under ultrasound
|Mar 22, 2004
|Dec 23, 2004
|Wheatley Margaret A.
|Isolated nanocapsule populations and surfactant-stabilized microcapsules and nanocapsules for diagnostic imaging and drug delivery and methods for their production
|Sep 4, 2007
|Nov 13, 2008
|Drexel University
|Isolated nanocapsule populations and surfactant-stabilized microcapsules and nanocapsules for diagnostic imaging and drug delivery and methods for their production
|May 21, 2007
|Aug 6, 2009
|Drexel University
|Drug Loaded Contrast Agents: Combining Diagnosis and Therapy
|Dec 13, 2005
|Jun 29, 2006
|Transave, Inc.
|Lipid particles comprising bioactive agents, methods of preparing and uses thereof
|Dec 13, 2005
|Aug 17, 2006
|Roseann Kurumunda
|Lipid particles comprising bioactive agents, methods of preparing and uses thereof
|U.S. Classification
|424/9.52, 424/9.51, 424/9.37
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 4, 2002
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 18, 2005
Owner name: AMERSHAM HEALTH AS, NORWAY
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:NYCOMED IMAGING AS;REEL/FRAME:016087/0675
Effective date: 20011119
|Apr 27, 2006
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Aug 2, 2006
Owner name: GE HEALTHCARE AS, NORWAY
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNORS:AMERSHAM HEALTH AS;NYCOMED IMAGING AS;REEL/FRAME:018039/0537
Effective date: 20060329
Owner name: GE HEALTHCARE AS,NORWAY
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNORS:AMERSHAM HEALTH AS;NYCOMED IMAGING AS;REEL/FRAME:018039/0537
Effective date: 20060329
|May 31, 2010
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Oct 27, 2010
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Dec 14, 2010
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20101027


text:
A pair of Friday night crashes that clogged major highways have been cleared.
Westbound lanes of Interstate 44 were closed near 141 just before eight due to a crash in the area. By 8:05, only the two left lanes were closed, and by around 8:30, all lanes were back open.
All westbound lanes of Interstate 70 near Bermuda Drive were closed after a car crash involving a police vehicle Friday afternoon, but have since been reopened.
According to the Missouri State Highway Patrol, the crash happened at around 5:05. The officer got out of his car and was setting up flares for a different crash. The driver lost control of the vehicle and struck the empty police car.
The driver of the car and three passengers were taken to the hospital for injuries, but no officers were injured.
MoDOT and highway patrol workers cleared the crash just after 6:30, according to MoDOT.
This story will be updated when more information becomes available.
For up to the minute information from MoDOT see their twitter feed below.


text:
> Home > Government > City Departments > Office of Economic Development > News and Updates
News and Updates
Subscribe to eNews
Please enter your email for Economic Development eNews.
Major Projects Presentation
Take a virtual tour of the major public and private projects happening in Lynnwood in this interactive presentation.
Lynnwood in the News
Lynnwood is city on the move! See why Lynnwood has been in the news.
What's Happening
- New Development Brings Tower Crane to Lynnwood, November 3, 2015
- Economic Development Action Plan Adopted by City Council, October 19, 2015
- Crane Aerospace & Electronics Breaks Ground on New Facility in Lynnwood, September 17, 2015
- Sound Transit: Lynnwood Link Extension Update, July 15, 2015
- Sound Transit: Lynnwood Link Extension Update, June 9 2015
- Lynnwood Convention Center and Shack Art Center Announce New Partnership, June 4, 2015
- Sound Transit Lynnwood Link Extension Update, May 26, 2015
- Congratulations Lynnwood Businesses!, May 14, 2015
- Sound Transit Board Selects Final Route and Stations for Lynnwood Extension, April 24, 2015
- Lynnwood City Council Approves Development Agreement for City Center Project, April 22, 2015


text:
Celebrating 25 Years of Serving the HHT Community
Cure HHT is celebrating 25 years of fulfilling our mission to find a cure for HHT while saving lives and improving the well-being of individuals and families affected by HHT. READ where we've come from and what we've accomplished in the last 20 years.
History of HHT will give you a detailed history of the HHT disorder. "From Symptoms to Solutions - A Multidisciplinary Approach to a Complex Disease" is presented by Dr. Frederick S. Keller, M.D., Director of Dotter Interventional Institute, Portland Oregon.
The Original HHT Medical Report on HHT was published in in September 1865 by B.G. Babbington.


text:
Need Legal Help Now in Mississippi?
Virgil Kyles, 34, Rose Coleman, 43, and Carolyn Conerly, 47, killed and two injured in car crash following police chase on Robinson Road in Jackson, Mississippi
Pursuit leads to 3 dead, 2 injured in Robinson Road crash
Jackson Police Commander Tyree Jones says a Chevrolet pick-up truck was leading Hinds County deputies on a chase when it crashed in a Pontiac car.
The driver and passengers in the Pontiac have all died.
3 dead in Jackson, Miss., after truck chased by police crashes into car: report
The truck then struck a Pontiac, killing Virgil Kyles, 34, Rose Coleman, 43, and Carolyn Conerly, 47, Hinds County Coroner Sharon Grisham-Stewart told the newspaper.
1 charged after deadly Robinson Road crash
According to Jackson Police, 24-year-old Tony Harper is charged with three counts of second-degree murder.
What you need to know after a serious Jackson car accident
When someone has been seriously injured in a car crash in Jackson, they are faced with unexpected medical costs and lost income. In the weeks and months following a car accident, injured people and their families can be overwhelmed as they struggle to manage day-to-day living.
After a serious or fatal car collision, it is crucial to quickly get the information needed to make good decisions. Getting appropriate medical treatment is just one aspect of healing. Finding help in handling the insurance claim that will begin financial recovery is another.
If the injuries are serious or if you have questions about what you should do, it is best to contact an experienced Jackson car accident attorney for a free, no-obligation consultation. Serious injury accident claims are difficult to handle without the assistance of a lawyer who understands the process and can obtain the highest possible settlement. Learn more about Jackson car accident claims here.


text:
D1.HCC.CL2.20. SELECT, PREPARE AND SERVE SPECIAL CUISINES. Subject Elements. This unit comprises five Elements: Select dishes for special cuisines Identify and purchase foods Identify and use specific equipment for special cuisines Prepare, cook, and serve special cuisine
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.
This unit comprises five Elements:
Assessment for this unit may include:
Select dishes for special cuisines
Performance Criteria for this Element are:
Identify and select a range dishes for special cuisines
Every country has its own unique dishes that is traditionally serves, either at a specific meal time or for a specific event.
Importance of culture
Slide 8
What makes a cuisine?
Cuisines are as varied as there are countries and communities within those countries.
Cuisine variations can influence the:
Foods that are preferred
Types of meals that are prepared
Style in which food is generally served
Slide 9
Each cuisine has its own characteristics, these are often based around:
Being able to identify these will assist you in choosing appropriate meals.
Most hotels will provide a wide mix of food options to cater to the different preferences of its local and international customers.
Chinese cuisine
Chinese cuisine
Indian cuisine
Indian cuisine
Japanese cuisine
Japanese cuisine
French cuisine
French cuisine
Italian cuisine
Italian cuisine
German cuisine
German cuisine
Greek cuisine
Greek cuisine
Greek cuisine
Spanish cuisine
Spanish cuisine
Slide 56
Food is an important part of religious observance for many faiths.
The role that food plays in each religion is varied and may include:
Food restrictions or fasting
Meal time restrictions
Festivals and celebrations
Slide 57
Types of major religions
Major religions that may impact on food choices include:
Slide 58
Slide 59
Special days and their traditional meals
In any country there are a number of special days that are celebrated.
What are special days:
Celebrated around the world?
Specific to your country or region?
What meals are traditionally served?
Slide 60
Special days
Chinese New Year
Mother's Day
Father's Day
Valentines Day
Slide 61
What days of the year are special in your country or region?
Public Holidays
Religious Days
Cultural Days
Select dishes taking into account cultural/cuisines or special customer requests
It is important that requests and preferences customers may have, be it as an individual or as a collective, are taken into consideration when selecting dishes.
Characteristics and needs of customers
The characteristics and needs of customers, include but not limited to:
Meal preferences
Their meal preferences including identification of:
Dietary, cultural or religious requirements
What requirements do customers have which can be based on:
Consumer Expectations
Expectations of consumers are difficult to pinpoint, but are nevertheless motivated by the following areas:
The factors that have a significant influence on food choice are:
Importance of nutrition
The food we eat contains nutrients. A nutrient is a source of nourishment found in food and they are needed by the body to:
Types of nutrients
The nutrients that the body needs are:
Key components of menus include:
Five core food groups
A healthy diet can be achieved by eating a variety of nutritious foods from the five food groups every day:
Slide 72
Special dietary specifications
Low Lactose
Lactose Intolerant
A food allergy is when a persons' immune system reacts to a protein in foods and produces antibodies to "fight the protein.
Common foods which trigger an allergic reaction are:
What is a vegetarian?
Reasons for vegetarian diet
Common reasons for following a vegetarian diet for the include:
Types of vegetarian diets
Influences on market trends
Market trends may be influenced by:
Global food and beverage trends
Ensure resources are available to prepare, cook and serve special cuisines
In order to prepare special dishes, a range of resources are required.
Slide 80
Naturally staffing is a key resource when making meals.
Considerations include:
Slide 81
Slide 82
Slide 83
Identify and purchase foods
Performance Criteria for this Element are:
Select food items/commodities in accordance with dish requirements
Once all customer needs, preferences, culture and traditional influences have been identified it is now time to select food items that are required to construct special dishes.
What needs to be considered when developing:
Elements are all the components that make a dish or menu item complete.
Culinary balance
Meals prepared for customers should take into consideration:
Nutritional Balance
It is also important to ensure ingredients come from the five core food groups:
Selecting food items for special cuisines
The selection of these menu items will be based on:
Appetisers are menu items offered for guests to eat prior to their main course.
A traditional course on many menus, soups provide low food cost items for many premises.
Pasta is a common item
Salads can be served in simple form such as a 'green salad' or may be more intensive including a variety of:
Caesar salad
Caesar salad is one of the most popular salads
Meat, poultry, fish and seafood
Staple ingredients can be:
Specialist cuisine food items
Specialist cuisine food items commonly relate to cuisines of various cultures.
Specialist cuisine food items
Specialist cuisine food items
Desserts are served after the main course
A growing focus on healthy eating has seen increased up-take of fruit in premises.
There are endless types of cheese.
Cheese is normally sliced or portioned and served with a variety of accompaniments including:
When choosing a supplier for you need to consider the following factors:
Slide 114
Sources of ingredients
Local Supply
Regional Supply
International Supply
Slide 115
Seasonal availability
The advantages of using foods that are in season are:
Slide 116
Ingredients and their climates
What ingredients are found in the following climates:
Cold climates
Warm climates
Tropical climates
Other climates
Slide 117
Quality and quantity of ingredients
There is an ever increasing range of ingredients for you to choose from including:
Slide 118
Cultural varieties and ingredients
A similar dish may have cultural variations.
Selecting the most suitable ingredients will require knowledge of these differences.
What flavourings would be used these rice dishes:
Slide 119
Storage of ingredients
Stored foods need to be handled correctly.
Identify and use specific equipment for special cuisines
Performance Criteria for this Element are:
Slide 122
Commercial kitchens have a wide range of equipment.
The correct selection of equipment can affect the resulting meals in terms of:
Weighing and measuring equipment
Small kitchen equipment
Small equipment used to prepare items can include, but certainly not limited to:
Small kitchen equipment
Cooking equipment
Slide 129
Specialised Equipment
Cooks are usually able to prepare most dishes with the basic requirements.
However, when you are preparing specialised cuisines the equipment you require may also need to be specialised.
Holding equipment
Sourcing, installing and preparing equipment
Prepare, cook, and serve special cuisine
Performance Criteria for this Element are:
Slide 134
Consider elements of food production
Producing food in the commercial environment is multidimensional.
Service is about coordinating all these elements:
Follow standard recipes
Each server will need to know:
This is a French term meaning 'to put in place'.
It means getting everything ready before you start cooking so that you don't have to interrupt the preparation process while you look for something.
Identify ingredients
Ingredients may include raw and pre-prepared/convenience and must include:
Select and assemble ingredients
Select and assemble the ingredients should include:
Select and assemble ingredients
Preparing vegetables and fruits
Types of cuts
Prepare meat
Preparing seafood - fish
Preparing seafood - shellfish
Preparing poultry
Preparing game
Slide 147
Designing meals for specific religions
Preparing meals for customers who follow a specific religion requires a sound understanding of the role of food.
Restrictions may apply to:
It is best to be guided by the instructions you receive as there are many interpretations of these practices.
To design suitable meals it is useful to be aware of the key considerations for the five major religions:
Slide 150
Preparing vegetarian meals
You will need to know what type of vegetarian you are catering for:
Slide 151
Preparing vegetarian meals
Selecting suitable protein
An important consideration will be to ensure that you include suitable protein in the meals.
Preparing vegetarian meals
When designing meals for vegetarians consider using:
Preparing meals for food allergies
Customers with food allergens may have a variety of reactions to eating a food containing the allergen.
Make sure you are aware of:
Cook food items using appropriate equipment and methods of cookery
Now that food has been prepared, in most cases it must be cooked before serving.
Methods of cookery
Methods of cookery
Sauces, accompaniments and garnishes
Accompaniments are complementary additions to the main ingredient of a meal.
Accompaniments are typically:
Accompaniments for roasted meat
Accompaniments for roasted meat
Accompaniments for roasted meat
Roasted meats are normally served with:
Accompaniments for seafood
Accompaniments for seafood
Seafood is normally served with:
Salad dressings
Some form of dressing is commonly served with salad.
Salads are usually served with a dressing to combine the ingredients, to add flavour and to lubricate.
The two main dressings are:
Making vinaigrette
Accompaniments for salads
Salad is normally served with:
Accompaniments for desserts
Accompaniments for cheese
Accompaniments for cheese
Common garnishes may include:
Non-edible garnishes
Serve food items in accordance with special cuisines requirements
Once all food items have been prepared, either cooked or in cold format, with appropriate sauces, garnishes and accompaniments added, it is now time to serve the food items.
It is important:
Prepare service items
Possible service items can include:
Serving temperature
In presenting food there is an absolute need to:
This is not a safe food handling consideration, it is an aesthetic, sensory thing.
What makes food appealing?
There are a variety of factors which contribute to this. Meals need to be:
Slide 179
Food presentation
The key to attractive and appealing food presentation is to remember there are many elements, including:
Additionally consistency of presentation is important.
Store special cuisine products
Performance Criteria for this Element are:
Store food items correctly
Storage areas
In relation to food there are 3 standard storage options:
Dry goods store
This is a non-refrigerated store where canned and dried food is stored.
Refrigerated storage
Frozen storage
Maintaining specific storage areas
How can you maintain the following storage areas?
Methods to thaw food
Frozen food must be thawed before use, also known as 'defrosting, using one of three methods:
Cautionary actions when thawing products
Importance of using correct containers
Importance of correct storage
How should you correctly store each of the following food items?
Storing cooked foods
Importance of labelling food items
Information recorded on labels
Labels should have the following information on them:
Recording possible allergins
Any special dietary requirements may have to be listed.
Does it contain and possible allergen causing ingredients:
Bin Cards
A 'bin' includes a shelf or a section on a shelf, where stock is stored, a container that is used to store stock, a cupboard used to store items.
Bin Cards are stock control cards that record:
Importance of correct storage techniques
It cannot be understated how important it is for staff to:
Stock rotation
It is standard procedure that all food stock delivered into a kitchen needs to be rotated so that the older stock is used before the newer stock.
Importance of stock rotation
This is to help avoid situations such as:
FIFO techniques
Checking quality of food items during stock rotation
When rotating stock you will be physically handling many items so it is a good opportunity to do two or more jobs at the same time.
Checking quality of food items during stock rotation
Dispose of damaged or spoiled goods
Where an inspection of foodstuffs reveal damaged or spoiled supplies these need to be correctly disposed of, including:
Reporting storage problems
Staff who identify a food hygiene hazard are expected to take immediate action within their scope of authority to resolve the issue.
Thank you!