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Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2002, 3(9), 934-936; doi:10.3390/i3090934
A Message from the Director
National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, USA
Received: 21 September 2002 / Published: 30 September 2002
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Environmental Health Research: Health Disparities, Toxicology and Carcinogenesis. Part I)
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McNairy, Sidney A., Jr. 2002. "A Message from the Director." Int. J. Mol. Sci. 3, no. 9: 934-936.
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If you haven't yet heard the buzz, you should know that the 21st Century has been deemed the age of creative practice. Multi-national corporations are looking for versatile creative workers, and so are most of your average employers. Coast to coast, creativity (and the disciplines that foster it) is raising eyebrows—in a good way.
This should be a boost for many of us who regularly practice artistic disciplines. And yet…what do people mean when they say "creative"?
For quite some time I've encountered the notion of "creative temperament." You may have, too. It basically lets people off the hook for being poor planners, kind of flighty, esoteric, a little bit compulsive, melancholic, innovative, "inspired" in fits and spurts, and maybe a little prone to addiction. But that's clearly not the type of "creative" that's going to land someone a job. (I think for most of us who have been practicing our art for any length of time, we know those descriptors are not congruent with the type of rhythms and effort that produce consistently excellent work).
In Christian circles, people often talk about how we are creative because God is creative and we are made in His image. Everyone has a creative impulse. And I heartily applaud that perspective. But at the same time, I emphatically believe that creative impulse doesn't emerge into something that becomes productive for an individual or community without a goodly amount of sweat, fumbles, and more sweat.
I had the good fortune to meet Steven J. Tepper earlier this fall. He's the associate director of the Curb Center for Art, Enterprise, and Public Policy.
His field of expertise is sociology, and he's interested in creativity and what differentiates creativity from other patterns of thought and work. In a recent Chronicle Review article that he penned with George D. Kuh, Let's Get Serious About Cultivating Creativity, they take a crack at describing what distinguishes creative patterns of thinking:
"Creativity is not a mysterious quality, nor can one simply try on one of Edward de Bono's six thinking hats to start the creative juices flowing. Rather, creativity is cultivated through rigorous training and by deliberately practicing certain core abilities and skills over an extended period of time. These include:
- the ability to approach problems in nonroutine ways using analogy and metaphor;
- conditional or abductive reasoning (posing "what if" propositions and reframing problems);
- keen observation and the ability to see new and unexpected patterns;
- the ability to risk failure by taking initiative in the face of ambiguity and uncertainty;
- the ability to heed critical feedback to revise and improve an idea;
- a capacity to bring people, power, and resources together to implement novel ideas; and
- the expressive agility required to draw on multiple means (visual, oral, written, media-related) to communicate novel ideas to others.
Where can we find this kind of rigorous training and deliberate practice in creativity? One place to look is arts-degree programs, which squarely address and nurture the cornerstone abilities and skills of creativity—analogizing; imaginative leaps; observation; ambiguity; dealing with criticism and feedback; producing complex, collaborative projects; and the ultimate challenge of communicating new ideas to discerning publics."
Do you recognize those qualities in yourself? My guess is that you do.
I want to be careful not to sanitize "creativity" in a way that leaves no room for mystery, and partnership with the divine: true inspiration. But I offer Tepper & Kuh's work as well-articulated support for how creative thought is unique, and how developing creativity requires rigorous work. And perhaps during a season of celebrating the incarnation—divine mystery become flesh and recognizable—their description of creativity might help us recognize more effectively what we do.
What do you think?
Stefani Rossi studied painting and printmaking at the University of Puget Sound. In 2010 she received her MFA in painting from Colorado State University. Her work has been exhibited nationally in solo and group exhibitions. Stefani has worked with Ruminate Magazine as visual art editor since 2008. More of Stefani's work can be viewed at www.stefanirossi.com
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Posts by tag
Insulation Is Your Best Friend: ACK's Winter Outerwear
How do you choose a winter jacket beyond factors like design, color and pricing?
Apparel Options for Cold Weather Paddling
There's Lots of Options When it Comes to Cold Weather Paddling Summertime paddling apparel is easy. Throw on a lightweight t-shirt (or don't), a swimsuit, a pair of water shoes and you're set.


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Statement/Observation of Problem
I have noticed that my students…
How can I improve…
Theory and Hypotheses
I believe that if I ____, then my students_________.
I believe this because _______________________________.
I hypothesize that if I _______________, then my students will _____________.
I hypothesize this because ___________________________________________.
Literature Review
I looked for research on _______________[keywords]_____________ to understand what others have written about my question.
In general, I learned that others have found_______[ these variables]_________ to be significant to my area of focus.
Action Plan
Based on what I learned, I plan to ____[action that you will take]____ because I believe that it will ______________.
Data Collection Plan
In order to notice what happens when I/students _____________________, I am going to collect data in these three or more ways


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The anti-abortion group Americans United for Life released a legal memo Friday to defend its political ads that call the healthcare reform law the "largest expansion of taxpayer-funded abortions ever."
The radio ads target House Democrats John Boccieri (Ohio), Christ Carney (Pa.) and Baron Hill (Ind.). This week, The Associated Press's ADWATCH questioned the ads' accuracy, calling some of their predictions — that President Obama's executive order restricting abortion coverage could be overturned, or that the courts could mandate abortion coverage — "hypotheticals."
In response, AUL released a legal memo objecting to the government's rationale that federal subsidies for healthcare plans that offer abortion coverage aren't subsidies for abortion if the act itself isn't subsidized. The memo also argues that the president's executive order does not constitute a comprehensive prohibition on the use of federal funds for abortion coverage.
"The pro-abortion Obama Administration has the opportunity to expand federal funding for abortion through multiple programs in the Affordable Care Act," the memo concludes.


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If you would like to know when the nbn is coming to your area enter your address below to find out the approximate availability date and the type of connection, you will get at your home. Once you have entered your address you can scroll to the bottom of the page to see the rollout map.
There are 3 types of shading used on the map. Purple, for locations where service is available, meaning that you can now order an nbn plan from a service provider. Brown, for locations where the build has commenced, meaning that work is scheduled for this area soon. Blue, for an area that is already serviced by a non NBN private high speed broadband network.
For homes that are due to be connected to nbn in 2017 you are quoted a 3 month window, while those beyond 2017 will be given a 6 month window. If you have entered your address in the search you will only see plans for the technology types fibre to the premises (FTTP), fibre to the node (FTTN), fibre to the curb (FTTC), fibre to the basement (FTTB), cable (HFC), fixed wireless or satellite that will be used to provide internet service your home.
If NBN is available at your home and you haven't done anything about it, don't worry you have 18 months before the old ADSL service is switched off. If NBN is not yet available, and you still need an internet service Mobile Broadband or ADSL are good options.
The NBN rollout is picking up speed and based on the 2017 rollout plan, over 50% of Australians will have access to the NBN by the end of 2017 with the construction due to be completed by the end of 2021.
It is vital to check nbn availability at you specific address as the connection date and type of connection can vary from location to location.
NBN prices start from around $40 per month and increase based on the NBN service provider, how much data you need, the speed of the NBN connection and other inclusions like PayTV.
If you have a preferred NBN provider, check out some of our handpicked deals below from popular providers, or you can compare all NBN plans below.


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A team of four UNT students placed second in a logistics case competition between university students from across the U.S. and Canada.
The student groups were all asked to solve a problem for a fictional company that makes blenders. Students had to figure out how to outsource components for the newest model while decreasing cost.
The competition, Operation Stimulus Student Case Competition, was held earlier this month in Denver.
Four UNT students were awarded: junior Ashleigh Allison, a biomedical engineering major; senior David Looney, an aviation logistics major; senior Sergio Garcia, a logistics and supply...


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Alleged brutality victim on ACA2:09
Watch the interview with the victim of alleged police brutality Jamie Jackson during Sydney's Mardi Gras. See the full segment here. Courtesy: A Current Affair, Channel Nine.
A YOUNG man accused of assaulting two police officers on Mardi Gras night has been awarded almost $40,000 in court costs after a magistrate found he been "brutalised" and subjected to excessive force.
Jamie Jackson Reed, 18, had two charges of assaulting police at last year's gay and lesbian event withdrawn in the Downing Centre Local Court yesterday after police dropped the accusations a fortnight ago.
Magistrate Michael Barko awarded costs to Mr Jackson. Lawyer Chris Murphy said his client would also consider a damages lawsuit.
The court heard Constable Leon Mixios slammed Mr Jackson's head against the pavement during the arrest, which was filmed on a mobile phone and posted on YouTube.
An officer can be seen throwing Jackson on to the ground and stepping on his back.
The court heard Constable Mixios was investigated by the Police Integrity Commission last year over a separate arrest that allegedly involved excessive force.
Originally published as Mardi Gras charges cost cops


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To newspaper readers, and to the anxious crowds that jammed the streets around newspaper offices, hoping to see giant-letter bulletins be posted on the walls, it was the unforgettable story of the unsinkable ship. Behind the scenes, in the fiercely competitive newsrooms of a city with more than a dozen daily papers, it was the equally unforgettable story of two larger-than-life editors, one brilliantly analytical, the other brilliantly theatrical.
Years later one would end up in the headlines, and in jail, for murder. But on April 15, 1912, the two editors — Carr V. Van Anda, the managing editor of The New York Times, and Charles E. Chapin, the city editor of The New York Evening World — just wanted the facts.
That was a problem. Titanic was about 960 miles from New York when it hit the iceberg. The two men did not have the tools that later editors would take advantage of, like chartered airplanes that could fly them over the wreckage in a couple of hours — the year before, the Vin Fiz, a Wright Brothers airplane piloted by Cal Rogers, had taken 84 days to hopscotch the country.
And the Carpathia, the ship that rescued survivors from the Titanic, was under a virtual news blackout. Its telegraph operators were not distributing messages from newspapers seeking information about the Titanic.
So these two impatient editors just had to wait.
In the three days it took the Carpathia to sail to New York, the Titanic had dominated the papers. The Times alone had published more than 50 pages about the disaster, starting with the first wire-service bulletin on Sunday night. Van Anda's immediate reaction had been: "It can't be true. The Titanic's equipped with extra safety compartments."
But he deduced that the Titanic had gone down when two hours had gone by without any telegraph messages. Other papers hedged. Not The Times. According to Meyer Berger's 1951 book, "The Story of The New York Times," by the final edition at 3:30 a.m., The Times "reported flatly that the great Titanic had gone down."
Then the wait began. The Carpathia, the ship that had picked up the passengers, would not arrive until Thursday.
The mission was obvious: Interview debarking Titanic survivors — as many as possible. The time pressure was impossible: The deadline was 12:30 a.m. Having waited most of the week for the Carpathia arrival, Van Anda and his staff would now have three hours to get the story.
To save time, The Times rented a floor in the Strand Hotel, across from the pier, and installed telephone lines that were connected to the newsroom in Times Square. As soon as a reporter had something — a quote, an anecdote — he was to dash to the Strand, grab one of The Times' phones and dictate it.
"We must get the Titanic wireless man's story, if he's alive," declared The Times' city editor, Arthur Greaves, "and we want the Carpathia's wireless man."
So while most of the Times team left the newsroom for the pier, Van Anda sent one reporter in the opposite direction, to where Guglielmo Marconi was having dinner. Van Anda, who was friends with Marconi, apparently asked him to help his reporter, Jim Speers, onto the Carpathia.
Marconi and Speers — and Joseph Bottomley, the general manager of Marconi's operations in the United States — went downtown together and pushed through the crowd at the pier. Marconi introduced himself and the two others to police officers posted at the Carpathia.
"No reporters," said the officer, who mistakenly waved off Bottomley and admitted Marconi and Speers. Speers soon found the man on Greaves' most-wanted list — the Titanic's telegrapher, Harold Bride. The Times published Bride's first-person account, dictated to Speers, on the front page.
Chapin, of The Evening World, also sent reporters to the pier. But he did not expect to have to wait for the Carpathia to come in. He had a reporter on board, sort of — Carlos F. Hurd, a passenger, was on vacation from his job as a reporter for The St. Louis Post-Dispatch (which, like The Evening World, was owned by the Pulitzer family). The captain had all but ordered a news blackout, so Hurd could not send stories by telegraph. He delivered his exclusive to Chapin by throwing it off.
Chapin had hired "the fastest tug in the harbor" to meet the Carpathia. Other editors had the same idea, and chartered their own boats.
Hurd's only chance came when the Carpathia stopped in the Hudson near the White Star pier. It was dropping off Titanic's lifeboats before going on to its own berth at Pier 54.
"Our tug steamed alongside, and when we shouted through a megaphone for the Post-Dispatch man," Chapin wrote in his autobiography, "he leaned far out over the rail from an upper deck and dropped a bundle of manuscript, tied to a life preserver, into my outstretched arms."
(Others, including Chapin's biographer, James McGrath Morris, made no mention of a life preserver. Morris said Hurd wrapped the story in "waterproof white canvas" and rolled it "like a furled sail." It was big — "about the size of an unabridged dictionary," another passenger said — and Hurd was worried it would sink. He created ballast, using a cigar box and Champagne corks supplied by a sympathetic Carpathia bartender.)
For all that, Chapin's Titanic adventure rated barely three pages in his autobiography, "Charles Chapin's Story," written in 1920. By then, he had other tales to tell, because, as Morris wrote, Chapin had been like the Titanic — "seemingly unsinkable to all around him, but going down fast."
Improbable as it sounds, Chapin wrote the book while serving a sentence of 20 years to life for shooting his wife.
The New York Times


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Book info
When It's Right (2013)
3.69 of 5 Votes: 7
Samhain Publishing
When It's Right (2013)
About book: With New Year's just around the corner Nate has decided it's time for a change. He's single again after dating a woman who left him feeling disappointed. In fact most of the women he's dated have left him disappointed. He thinks a radical shake-up will refresh him and help him decide what he really wants. His plan includes a spontaneous trip to Times Square to watch the ball drop that veers radically off-course, but does in fact show him what he really wants, after a car accident leaves him grateful to be alive.Cassie fell in love with Nate the moment they met but didn't want to jeopardize their friendship by admitting the truth. She's stood by watching him go from one bad romance to the next remaining his supportive friend always. But she too needs a change and putting her feelings for him behind her is her goal for the new year. In the blink of an eye, and after a near-death experience, she realizes that putting her feelings for Nate behind her isn't as easy as she hoped it would be as they cling together in a reaffirmation of life that catches both of them by surprise.Friends to lovers is a favorite trope of mine and Ms. Grey has brought to life one that is both sweet and sexy. Nate and Cassie are delightful characters who are immensely endearing with a journey to HEA that put a smile on my face. Nate is charming but clueless at times as to what he has right in front of him. Once it dawns on him how important Cassie has become to him he goes after her wholeheartedly in subtle yet romantic ways. Cassie is a strong-willed woman who values what she has with Nate but can't help wanting more. She wants it to be his decision, though when given the chance she too jumps at the chance to push their friendship to more. The evolution from friends to lovers is slow yet teeming with sexual tension. It's an ultimately satisfying journey that brought a tear to my eye and had me cheering at the same time. Ms. Grey created a heartwarming story perfect for the holidays or anytime you want an uplifting story of realizing the importance of what's right in front of you. Sometimes love is right in front of your face. Nate has just broken up with his girlfriend and he wants to do something spontaneous and fun. He suggests a road trip to New York for New Year's Eve to his best friend, Cassie, thinking the adventure will be good for them both.Cassie, unknown to Nate, has had a crush on him for years. She's decided to make a New Year's Resolution to get over Nate and move on with her life so what's the harm in having a last fun road trip with the guy she secretly loves?Unfortunately, the entire trip goes wrong and Cassie and Nate end up spending the night in a motel room after their car runs off the road. During the drive Cassie confessed she'd had feeling for Nate and now with the two of them in close proximity to each other AND a bed, Nate starts to wonder if maybe Cassie is the one for him.After an explosive night of passion the two retreat into "friend" mode, neither on sure if this was the right thing to do. Their arrival in New York is just before the ball drops in Times Square so they rush to get there, only to have a purse snatcher grab Cassie's bag and Nate taking off to grab him.Everything has gone wrong with this trip, making them both wonder if fate is trying to tell them something. I won't spoil the ending ;)This was a great read, quick and easy to get through in one sitting. It's short but sweet with two people who are perfect for each other but don't seem to connect until disaster strikes.3.5 out of 5 starsI received a copy of this novel for an honest review
I really enjoyed this story! Romantic and cute.
Want more of this story! So good
Perfect New Year's Eve read.
3.5 stars


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GraphicRiver Video Surveillance 6934158
Stock Vector \ Conceptual \ Technology \ Media
Surveillance \ Symbol \ System \ Security \ Safety \ Secure \ Illustration \ Vector
Stock Vector - Video Surveillance 6934158 by comzeal @ GraphicRiver
Stock Vector \ Conceptual \ Technology \ Media
Video surveillance, cctv icon, vector illustration
Layered: No; Graphics Files Included: Vector EPS; Minimum Adobe CS Version: CS.
Business and work Icons; Chinese Decorative Frame; Airport Icons; Christmas Tree Set; Retro Audio Tapes; Japan Design Elements; Abstract Pattern.
Keywords: area, camera, caution, cctv, control, crime, danger, electronic, graphic, guard, icon, looking, monitor, monitoring, observe, police, privacy, private, protection, safety, secure, security, sign, surveillance, symbol, system, technology, video, warning, watching.


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Ultravox and Simple Minds team up for tour
New wave group Ultravox and rockers Simple Minds are teaming up for a joint U.K. tour. The two British bands, who found fame in the late 1970s and early '80s, will hit the road together in November (13) for shows in cities including Glasgow, Scotland and Manchester, England.
Simple Minds singer Jim Kerr tells the BBC, "We're really delighted to be playing Ultravox… they were two or three years before us… They were like the prototype for Simple Minds."
Ultravox frontman Midge Ure adds, "It makes perfect sense. Things are tough out there for people and the idea of seeing two bands… from the same period… makes it a good, valuable evening out."
The tour will conclude at London's O2 Arena on 30 November (13).


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Solar highway facts and fallacies
It's good to listen to the younger generation, even if they are not engineers. My two nephews recently brought to my attention a Solar Highway concept they had encountered while communicating with their usual sites and contacts on the internet. Thanks guys!
The Solar highway or solar roadway is a complex concept of solar energy architectures around and in the highway, road and street infrastructure including adjacent areas along the side of the highways and on bridges and other associated structures. Opponents think that there is no reliable way to drive on a solar-paneled surface, that the Right-of-way (ROW) cannot be imposed upon, and many more misconceptions that this article will clarify.
It seems that solar energy is one of the top renewable energy hopes for a greener environment. There are efforts by the U.S. Department of Transportation1 (U.S. DOT) to help reverse global climate changes in the area of transportation vehicles that cause greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on the nation's intricate network of highways and roads.
There are many challenges with trying to find enough surface area to put solar panels in place, especially in large metropolitan areas. But the concept of using highway "right-of-way (ROW) could be an untapped area for this endeavor.
The highway ROW is not without its challenges however. There are potential legal and political issues, plus ecological and economic uncertainties regarding the practicality of this idea.
In 2008, the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) was the first organization in the US with a solar photovoltaic project design that was able to light an interchange in the highway "right-of-way". See Figure 1.
Figure 1: The ODOT Solar Highway Demonstration Project. The Solar design consists of 594 solar panels to make up a 104 kWDC ground-mounted solar array system. (Image courtesy of Oregon DOT)
Oregon partnered with Portland General Electric (PGE) and located the project at the Interstates 5 and 205 in Tualatin, OR. SunWay1, a company managed by PGE, owns and operates the system and the ODOT purchases that electricity at the same rate it pays for regular power from the grid.
After this prototype, the ODOT and PGE used the highway ROW on seven acres of ROW next to the Baldock Safety Rest Area on Interstate 5. A 1.75 MW DC solar array with 6.996 250W panels was installed. See Figure 2.
Figure 2: ODOT's Baldock Safety Rest Area Solar Highway Project (Image courtesy of Gary Weber, ODOT)
It's not just the U.S. that has launched such an effort; Germany is developing a 2.8 MW solar highway project near Aschaffenburg. The German Unity Motorway Planning and Construction Company constructed this German project. Solar cells have been installed in noise barriers along highways like this one in Germany and also in the UK, Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria, and France. See Figure 3.
Figure 3: A 2.8 MW solar array was constructed on the roof of a 2.7 km long noise-barrier tunnel on the A3 highway near Aschaffenburg, Germany (Image courtesy of Ralos New Energy)
One problem in the U.S., is that this type of installation would be limited by the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide. No structures of any sort are allowed to be placed on top of or directly behind guardrails or median barriers (unless the barrier is specifically designed to be crash-worthy). See FHWA Office of Infrastructure's Clear Zone and Horizontal Clearance website for more information.
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Blanche, 1890s Manlius Onondaga Co. NY
Blanche G. Sternberg m. Willard, or William, M. Clift in Manlius Onondaga Co. NY in the early 1890s. Looking for more information on their son, Jay, and daughter, Ada (b. c. 1896; m. Leland Weaver). Family plot in Manlius cemetery has unknown Ada Wilson (b. c. 1901).


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You are here
A multicenter phase II study of TAS-102 monotherapy in patients with pre-treated advanced gastric cancer (EPOC1201)
European Journal of Cancer, July 2016, Pages 46 - 53
American phase I studies have reported that the recommended dose of TAS-102 (trifluridine/tipiracil) was 25 mg/m2 twice a day (b.i.d.), although this schedule did not provide clinically relevant improvements in a phase II study of advanced gastric cancer (AGC). However, a pivotal phase III study revealed that TAS-102 at 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. provided a clinically relevant improvement in overall survival (OS) among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Therefore, we re-evaluated the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic parameters of TAS-102 at 35 mg/m2 b.i.d among Japanese patients with AGC.
All patients had undergone one or two previous chemotherapy regimens that contained fluoropyrimidine, platinum agents, and taxanes or irinotecan. The primary end-point target was a disease control rate (DCR) of ≥50% after 8 weeks of the 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. schedule.
Twenty-nine patients were assessable after completing the 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. schedule. The investigator-determined DCR was 65.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 45.7–82.1%) and the independent central review's DCR was 51.9% (95% CI, 31.9–71.3%); both results exceeded the primary end-point target. The median progression-free survival and OS were 2.9 months (95% CI, 1.1–5.3 months) and 8.7 months (95% CI, 5.7–14.9 months), respectively. The grade III/IV adverse events included neutropenia (69.0%), leucopaenia (41.4%), anaemia (20.7%), and anorexia (10.3%). No AGC-specific toxicities were detected.
The 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. dose of TAS-102 provided positive efficacy and an acceptable toxicity profile in patients with AGC. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III study is ongoing to validate these findings.
Clinical trial registration number
- We evaluated TAS-102 among Japanese patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC).
- TAS-102 (35 mg/m2 twice a day) provided a disease control rate of 65.5% for AGC.
- The progression-free and overall survivals were 2.9 and 8.7 months.
- There were no gastric cancer-specific toxicities or complications.
- A randomised double-blind phase III study is ongoing to validate our findings.
Keywords: TAS-102, Gastric cancer, Monotherapy, Phase II clinical trial, Efficacy, Safety, Pharmacokinetic parameters.
1. Introduction
Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer mortality, with 723,000 estimated deaths each year [1]. Fluoropyrimidine and platinum-based chemotherapies, with or without trastuzumab, are considered the global standards for first-line chemotherapy in patients with unresectable and recurrent gastric cancer [2] and [3]. Furthermore, taxanes, irinotecan, and ramucirumab (a novel vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 antibody) have recently emerged as standard second-line chemotherapy options [4], [5], and [6]. However, the prognosis of patients with advanced or recurrent gastric cancer remains poor, with a median overall survival (OS) of 12 months.
TAS-102 (Taiho Pharmaceutical, Tokyo, Japan) is a novel oral nucleoside antitumour agent that comprised trifluridine (FTD) and tipiracil hydrochloride (TPI) at a molar ratio of 1:0.5 [7]. Five independent American phase I studies have defined the recommended dose schedule for TAS-102 as a 28-day cycle, with treatment on days 1–5 and 8–12 [8] and [9], and the maximum tolerated dosage was defined as 25 mg/m2 twice a day (b.i.d.) in patients with intensively pre-treated breast cancer. However, an American phase II study of 25 mg/m2 b.i.d. in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) revealed only 1 case (5.6%) of stable disease (SD) among 18 patients and that study was closed after the first stage [10]. A phase I study was subsequently conducted in Japan, which evaluated a dosage of 35 mg/m2 b.i.d., using the 28-day cycle from the American studies. This Japanese study reported grade IV neutropenia as a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) in the 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. schedule, and a higher dosage (40 mg/m2 b.i.d.) was considered intolerable [11]. Therefore, a Japanese randomised phase II study and the international randomised phase III RECOURSE (Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Study of TAS-102 plus Best Supportive Care [BSC] versus Placebo plus BSC in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Refractory to Standard Chemotherapies) study evaluated the 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. dosage and reported clinically relevant improvements in OS and progression-free survival (PFS), compared to the placebo, among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer [12] and [13]. The results of the phase III study supported the approval of TAS-102 by the US Food and Drug Administration.
Because two patients with AGC did not exhibit severe toxicities at the 35 mg/m2 dosage in the Japanese phase I study [11], we hypothesised that the 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. dosage of TAS-102 would be feasible in patients with AGC. Therefore, we planned this open-label, single-arm, multicenter phase II study to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of TAS-102 monotherapy in patients with AGC.
2. Methods
2.1. Patient eligibility
This phase II study was conducted at six Japanese institutions and complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Good Clinical Practice guidelines. The study's protocol was independently prepared by the investigators, was approved by the review boards of the participating institutions, and is listed in the UMIN registry (UMIN000007421). Written informed consent was obtained from all patients.
The key inclusion criteria were age of ≥20 years; unresectable or recurrent gastric or oesophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma; a history of one or two standard regimens that contained fluoropyrimidine, platinum derivatives, and taxanes or irinotecan; and documented progressive disease (PD) based on imaging data that were obtained during or within 2 months after the last treatment. The patients also had one or more measurable lesions, based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST, version 1.1), an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) of 0–2, and adequate organ function.
2.2. Study treatment and assessment
A 35 mg/m2 dose of TAS-102 was taken orally twice per day after meals, during a 28-d schedule with treatment on days 1–5 and 8–12. We also planned to evaluate the safety and PK parameters from six patients who were treated using a 40 mg/m2 b.i.d. dosage in the same cycle. Treatment continued until tumour progression, unacceptable side-effects, or withdrawal of consent. Antitumour response was evaluated by each investigator at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment initiation, and then every 4–6 weeks, according to the RECIST guidelines. When treatment was discontinued for any reason, except for PD, follow-up imaging was performed according to the planned schedule until disease progression or subsequent anticancer treatment.
The primary end-point was the investigator-assessed disease control rate (DCR) for the 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. dosage, which was defined as the proportion of patients with a best overall response of complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or SD, based on the RECIST guidelines. DCR was analysed in the per-protocol set over 8 weeks (PPS8W), which was the subset of patients who fulfilled the minimum exposure requirement (relative dose of ≥0.5) until 8 weeks or who experienced progression before the minimum exposure requirement without any major protocol deviation. Tumour response was confirmed after an independent review by a single radiologist (HK), who has 9 years of subspecialty experience in diagnostic oncologic radiology.
The secondary end-points were the objective response rate, PFS, OS, safety profile, and PK profile for the 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. dosage. The safety and PK profiles of the 40 mg/m2 b.i.d. dosage were also assessed. Furthermore, the dose intensity (DI) and relative DI (RDI) of the 35 and 40 mg/m2 b.i.d. dosages were measured.
Safety analysis was performed in the safety population (SP), which comprised patients who received ≥1 dose of TAS-102. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE, version 4.0).
2.3. Statistical considerations
In the 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. group, we considered a DCR of <30% to be unacceptable. Thus, based on Simon's Minimax two-stage design, we required 28 PPS8W patients to evaluate a null hypothesis (a DCR of ≤30%) with a one-sided ɑ = 0.10 and power of 80% to detect a clinically meaningful DCR (≥50%). In the first stage, 12 PPS8W patients were to be enrolled, and termination of the trial would be considered if three patients or less achieved DCR. The null hypothesis would be rejected if ≥12 patients experienced disease control. After completing the first stage, 17 additional patients (total 29 patients) were recruited for the second stage. This moderate increase in sample size resulted in ɑ = 0.12 and 84% power if the same threshold (N = 12) for disease control was used. We considered this modification as acceptable and applied the pre-planned threshold.
The objective response rate and DCR were calculated with their exact 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The Kaplan–Meier method was used to analyse PFS and OS, with estimates for median time-to-event end-points and the respective 95% CIs. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS software (release 9.3; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA).
2.4. PK analysis
The PK parameters for the 35 and 40 mg/m2 b.i.d. dosages, and the influence of gastrectomy, were investigated. Blood samples for the PK analyses were collected from six patients in the first stage of the 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. dosage, in the following schedule: before administration and at 30 min and 1, 2 and 4 h after administration on days 1 and 12 of the first cycle. In the 40 mg/m2 b.i.d. group, blood samples were collected from six patients in the following schedule: before administration and at 15 and 30 min and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 h after administration on days 1 and 12 of the first cycle. The PK parameters for plasma FTD and TPI were calculated via non-compartmental methods using Phoenix® WinNonlin® software (Pharsight Corporation, St. Louis, MO, USA). The maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) and times to the maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) were determined using the highest concentration and the time when it was observed. The area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) was calculated using the linear trapezoidal method on days 1 and 12. The comparisons of PK parameters in patients with solid tumours [11] or gastric cancer with/without gastrectomy were performed using Student t-test (Cmax and AUC) and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (Tmax).
3. Results
3.1. Patient disposition
During the first stage, 12 PPS8W patients were enrolled in the 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. group. Radiological evaluations revealed that eight patients achieved disease control. Therefore, we enrolled 17 patients for the second stage. All 29 enrolled patients were assessable as both SP and PPS8W. In the 40 mg/m2 b.i.d. group, all six enrolled patients were assessable as both SP and PPS8W.
3.2. Patient characteristics
In the 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. group (19 men [65.5%]; median age: 64 years [range: 35–76 years]), all patients had an ECOG PS of 0–1 (PS 0: 69%; PS 1: 31%) and had previously been treated using chemotherapy until disease progression. All patients had received fluoropyrimidine and platinum agents, while 18 patients (62.1%) had received taxanes and 11 patients (37.9%) had received irinotecan. Sixteen patients had previously undergone gastrectomy (55.2%). The characteristics of the six patients in the 40 mg/m2 b.i.d. group were similar to those of the 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. group (Table 1).
|35 mg/m2 b.i.d. (N = 29)
|40 mg/m2 b.i.d. (N = 6)
|Age, years
|Median (range)
|64 (35–76)
|58 (34–74)
|19 (65.5)
|5 (83.3)
|10 (34.5)
|1 (16.7)
|Performance status
|20 (69.0)
|4 (66.7)
|9 (31.0)
|2 (33.3)
|Previous gastrectomy
|16 (55.2)
|2 (33.3)
|13 (44.8)
|4 (66.7)
|No. of prior regimens
|5 (17.2)
|1 (16.7)
|24 (82.8)
|5 (83.3)
|Reason for discontinuing previous treatment
|Disease progression
|29 (100)
|6 (100)
|Adverse event
|0 (0)
|0 (0)
|0 (0)
|0 (0)
|Prior chemotherapeutic agents
|29 (100)
|6 (100)
|Platinum agents
|29 (100)
|6 (100)
|18 (62.1)
|3 (50.0)
|11 (37.9)
|3 (50.0)
|Site of metastasis
|Lymph nodes
|20 (69.0)
|4 (66.7)
|9 (31.0)
|1 (16.7)
|10 (34.5)
|1 (16.7)
|5 (17.2)
|0 (0)
|10 (34.5)
|2 (33.3)
b.i.d., twice a day.
3.3. Exposure to chemotherapy
The 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. group underwent a median treatment of three cycles (range: one to seven cycles), seven patients (24.1%) required a dose reduction, and nine patients (31.0%) interrupted their treatment. The RDI of TAS-102 was maintained in all treatment periods (median: 80.0%, range: 55.0–100%), and most patients (82.8%) were treated until disease progression. There was no marked difference in RDI between the patients with and without gastrectomy. The RDI of the 40 mg/m2 b.i.d. group was maintained (median 98.3%, range 83.8–100%), and all six patients were treated until disease progression (Supplementary Table 1).
3.4. Efficacy
The best overall responses for the 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. group were evaluated by the investigators and an independent radiological review (Table 2). The investigators' assessments of the PPS8W population revealed that 1 patient achieved PR and 18 patients achieved SD, which corresponded to an investigator-assessed DCR of 65.5% (95% CI, 45.7–82.1%). Nineteen patients achieved disease control, which exceeded the threshold of 12 patients, and the lower limit of the 80% CI value (51.9%) exceeded the predetermined threshold of 30% (p < 0.0001). Although none of the patients achieved CR, a decrease in the tumour size was observed in 41.4% of the patients (Fig. 1). The patients who exhibited a decrease in tumour size also exhibited a trend towards prolonged PFS (Fig. 1). In the exploratory analyses of the 40 mg/m2 b.i.d. group, we observed three cases of SD and three cases of PD (DCR, 50%).
|By the investigators (N = 29)
|Central review (N = 27)b
|0 (0)
|0 (0)
|1 (3.4)a
|1 (3.7)a
|18 (62.1)
|13 (48.1)
|10 (34.5)
|13 (48.1)
|65.5; 45.7–82.1
|51.9; 31.9–71.3
|3.4; 0.1–17.8
|3.7; 0.0–19.0
|Median PFS (months); 95% CI
|2.9; 1.1–5.3
|Median OS (months); 95% CI
|8.7; 5.7–14.9
aThe PR was not confirmed because the patient had to discontinue the study treatment due to prolonged liver dysfunction.
bThe central radiologist judged that two patients had no measurable tumour lesions.
b.i.d., twice a day; PPS8W, the per-protocol set over 8 weeks population; CR, complete response; PR, partial response; SD, stable disease; PD, progressive disease; DCR, disease control rate; CI, confidence interval; RR, response rate; PFS, progression-free survival; OS, overall survival.
During the independent central review of the 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. group, the radiologist concluded that two patients had no measurable tumour lesions based on the RECIST guidelines and that three patients who were thought to exhibit SD actually had PD. Therefore, the DCR according to the independent central review was 51.9% (95% CI, 31.9–71.3%) (Table 2). However, the number of patients who achieved disease control (n = 14) still exceeded the predetermined threshold of 12 patients.
At the data cut-off point, all patients in the 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. group had experienced disease progression and 20 patients had died. The median investigator-assessed PFS was 2.9 months (95% CI, 1.1–5.3 months) (Fig. 2, Table 2), and 36.4% (95% CI, 19.4–53.7%) of the patients were free from progression at 4 months. After a median follow-up of 17.1 months, the median OS was 8.7 months (95% CI, 5.7–14.9 months) (Fig. 2, Table 2).
3.5. Safety
The common grade III/IV AEs in the 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. group were neutropenia (69.0%), leucopaenia (41.4%), anaemia (20.7%), and anorexia (10.3%) (Table 3). Serious AEs were reported for eight patients, although seven of these eight patients did not exhibit a confirmed causal relationship between TAS-102 treatment and the AEs. One case of febrile neutropenia occurred, although no treatment-related deaths were reported. Most patients (96.5%) underwent treatment as outpatients. Only one patient experienced a >10% reduction in body weight during the treatment. Although grade III/IV neutropenia (83.3%) and leucopaenia (66.7%) were slightly more frequent in the 40 mg/m2 b.i.d. group, we did not observe any significant differences in the toxicity profiles for the 35 and 40 mg/m2 b.i.d. dosages (Table 3).
|35 mg/m2 b.i.d. (N = 29)
|40 mg/m2 b.i.d. (N = 6)
|Any grade N (%)
|Grade III/IV N (%)
|Any grade N (%)
|Grade III/IV N (%)
|25 (86.2)
|20 (69.0)
|6 (100)
|5 (83.3)
|Febrile neutropenia
|1 (3.4)
|1 (3.4)
|0 (0)
|0 (0)
|26 (89.7)
|12 (41.4)
|6 (100)
|4 (66.7)
|25 (86.2)
|6 (20.7)
|5 (83.3)
|1 (16.7)
|24 (82.8)
|3 (10.3)
|4 (66.7)
|1 (16.7)
|19 (65.5)
|1 (3.4)
|4 (66.7)
|1 (16.7)
|8 (27.6)
|1 (3.4)
|2 (33.3)
|1 (16.7)
|10 (34.5)
|0 (0)
|2 (33.3)
|0 (0)
|Abdominal pain
|5 (17.2)
|0 (0)
|0 (0)
|0 (0)
|5 (17.2)
|0 (0)
|2 (33.3)
|0 (0)
b.i.d., twice a day.
3.6. PK analysis
When we compared the PK parameters for FTD and TPI between the 35 and 40 mg/m2 b.i.d. dosages, the average Cmax and AUC values for FTD and TPI exhibited dose-dependent increases (Table 4). There were no significant differences in the Cmax, AUC, and Tmax values for FTD and TPI at the 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. dosage when we compared the patients with and without gastrectomy (Supplementary Table 2).
|Solid tumoura
|Gastric cancer
|35 mg/m2 b.i.d. (N = 6)
|35 mg/m2 b.i.d. (N = 6)
|40 mg/m2 b.i.d. (N = 6)
|Day 1
|Day 12
|Day 1
|Day 12
|Day 1
|Day 12
|Cmax (ng/ml)
|3338 ± 767
|4752 ± 1697
|4540 ± 1340
|6560 ± 1200
|3990 ± 1340
|5870 ± 1780
|Tmax (h)
|1.3 ± 0.5
|1.9 ± 1.6
|1.0 ± 0.5
|1.5 ± 0.5
|2.0 ± 1.1
|2.2 ± 1.0
|AUC0–10 (ng·h/ml)
|8678 ± 1786b
|20,950 ± 2237
|7670 ± 1580c
|18,100 ± 5770c
|12,000 ± 3900
|31,300 ± 10,300
|AUCinf (ng·h/ml)
|8672 ± 1710
|12,300 ± 4200
|35,100 ± 12,100
|t1/2 (h)
|1.41 ± 0.38
|1.97 ± 0.51
|1.58 ± 0.39
|2.50 ± 0.49
|Cmax (ng/ml)
|76.6 ± 32.1
|70.0 ± 43.4
|85.6 ± 29.7
|100 ± 41
|89.5 ± 48.2
|98.1 ± 36.9
|Tmax (h)
|2.3 ± 0.8
|2.3 ± 0.8
|2.0 ± 0.0
|1.8 ± 0.4
|3.3 ± 1.0
|3.3 ± 1.6
|AUC0–10 (ng·h/ml)
|281 ± 99b
|317 ± 182
|231 ± 79c
|303 ± 149c
|422 ± 170
|466 ± 159
|AUCinf (ng·h/ml)
|302 ± 96
|446 ± 178
|521 ± 185
|t1/2 (h)
|1.67 ± 0.22
|2.37 ± 0.93
|1.67 ± 0.11
|2.02 ± 0.40
aReported in reference Doi et al. [11].
bn = 5.
b.i.d., twice a day; FTD, trifluridine; Cmax, mean maximum plasma concentration; Tmax, time to reach Cmax; AUC, area under the curve; t1/2, elimination half-life; TPI, tipiracil hydrochloride.
4. Discussion
The 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. dosage schedule for TAS-102 monotherapy provided an investigator-assessed DCR of 65.5%. Furthermore, the independent review's DCR was 51.9%. Despite this adjustment, the number of patients who achieved disease control exceeded the threshold of 12 patients in both analyses. Moreover, 41.4% of the patients experienced a decrease in tumour size, with a median PFS of 2.9 months and a median OS of 8.7 months. Therefore, we conclude that the 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. dosage of TAS-102 provided clinically relevant benefits (comparable to those from studies of metastatic colorectal cancer) in patients with AGC who had been treated using fluoropyrimidine, platinum, and taxanes or irinotecan.
A recent international phase III study reported that ramucirumab provided significant improvements in PFS and OS, compared to a placebo, in patients with AGC who failed first-line platinum- or fluoropyrimidine-containing chemotherapy (median PFS: 2.1 months; median OS: 5.2 months) [6]. Interestingly, the present single-arm phase II study of TAS-102 monotherapy revealed favourable median PFS and OS values in patients with AGC, compared to those in the ramucirumab study. Furthermore, the present study examined the toxicity profile of TAS-102, which was comparable to those from phase II and phase III studies of patients with colorectal cancer. Moreover, we did not observe any disease-specific toxicities or complications in the present study, and the PK analyses revealed FTD concentrations that were similar to those in patients with solid tumours from the Japanese phase I trial [11]. Finally, we did not observe any significant differences in the PK parameters when we compared patients with and without gastrectomy.
In the Japanese phase I trial of TAS-102, the 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. dosage was recommended by the Data and Safety Monitoring Board because they expected higher frequencies of grade IV neutropenia and DLTs at the higher dose, despite the maximum tolerated dose not being reached [11]. In the present trial, we evaluated the toxicity and PK profiles of the 40 mg/m2 b.i.d. dosage and observed a dose-dependent increase in the concentration of FTD (versus that from the 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. dosage). In contrast, there were no significant differences in these two dosages' toxicity profiles, although grade III/IV neutropenia and leucopaenia were slightly more frequent at the 40 mg/m2 b.i.d. dosage. Nevertheless, the DCR at the 40 mg/m2 b.i.d. dosage was 50.0% (SD: three patients; PD: three patients), and no patients achieved PR. Therefore, these results suggest that the 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. dosage of TAS-102 provides positive clinical, toxicity, and PK-related outcomes in patients with AGC.
In conclusion, the 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. dosage of TAS-102 monotherapy may be a useful treatment option for patients with AGC. Based on the results of the present study, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III study is ongoing (NCT02500043).
Conflict of interest statement
All authors have provided complete disclosures regarding their potential conflicts of interest. In particular, Kei Muro, Tomohiro Nishina, and Atsushi Ohtsu have received honoraria and Akihiro Sato and Shunji Takahashi have received research funding from the Taiho Pharmaceutical Company.
This study was supported by a grant from the Renovation Project of Early and Exploratory Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund (24-A-1). The study design, data collection, data analysis, and data interpretation were supported by the Early Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Japan (NCC-EPOC). Taiho Pharmaceutical Company provided the study drugs and performed the PK analyses. We thank the patients, their families, and all the investigators who participated in this study.
Appendix A. Supplementary data
The following is the supplementary data related to this article:
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a Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
b Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
c Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1, Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-0021, Japan
d Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007, Simo-Nagakubo, Nagaizumi, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan
e Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, 160, Minami-Umemoto, Matsuyama, Ehime, 791-0280, Japan
f Department of Gastroenterology, Saitama Cancer Center, 780, Komuro, Ina, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
g Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
h Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
i Biostatistics Division, Center for Research Administration and Support, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
j Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
∗ Corresponding author. Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan. Tel.: +81 4 7133 1111; fax: +81 4 7134 6928.
☆ This study was supported by a grant from the Renovation Project of Early and Exploratory Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund (24-A-1). Taiho Pharmaceutical Company provided the study drugs and performed the PK analyses.
Article information
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.04.009
© 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V.


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text: Domain Name: zhenyusi.netRegistry Domain ID: 2104567446_DOMAIN_NET-VRSNRegistrar WHOIS Server: grs-whois.hichina.comRegistrar URL: http://whois.aliyun.com/Updated Date: 2017-03-13T13:04:25ZCreation Date: 2017-03-13T13:04:25ZRegistrar Registration Expiration Date: 2018-03-13T13:04:25ZRegistrar: HICHINA ZHICHENG TECHNOLOGY LTD.Registrar IANA ID: 420Reseller:Domain Status: ok http://www.icann.org/epp#OKRegistry Registrant ID: Not Available From RegistryRegistrant Name: Luo Mao FengRegistrant Organization: Luo Mao FengRegistrant Street: Chan Cheng Qu Fen Jiang Nan Lu Jin Yuan Jie 33Hao Shi Ji Jia Yuan 2Zuo 1402Registrant City: Fu Shan ShiRegistrant State/Province: Guang DongRegistrant Postal Code: 528000Registrant Country: CNRegistrant Phone: +86.15989991222Registrant Phone Ext: Registrant Fax: +86.15989991222Registrant Fax Ext: Registrant Email: email@example.com Admin ID: Not Available From RegistryAdmin Name: Luo Mao FengAdmin Organization: Luo Mao FengAdmin Street: Chan Cheng Qu Fen Jiang Nan Lu Jin Yuan Jie 33Hao Shi Ji Jia Yuan 2Zuo 1402Admin City: Fu Shan ShiAdmin State/Province: Guang DongAdmin Postal Code: 528000Admin Country: CNAdmin Phone: +86.15989991222Admin Phone Ext: Admin Fax:+86.15989991222Admin Fax Ext: Admin Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Tech ID: Not Available From RegistryTech Name: Luo Mao FengTech Organization: Luo Mao FengTech Street: Chan Cheng Qu Fen Jiang Nan Lu Jin Yuan Jie 33Hao Shi Ji Jia Yuan 2Zuo 1402Tech City: Fu Shan ShiTech State/Province: Guang DongTech Postal Code: 528000Tech Country: CNTech Phone: +86.15989991222Tech Phone Ext: Tech Fax: +86.15989991222Tech Fax Ext: Tech Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Server: dns31.hichina.comName Server: dns32.hichina.comDNSSEC: unsignedRegistrar Abuse Contact Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Abuse Contact Phone: +86.95187URL of the ICANN WHOIS Data Problem Reporting System: http://wdprs.internic.net/>>>Last update of WHOIS database: 2017-03-13T13:04:25Z <<<For more information on Whois status codes, please visit https://icann.org/eppRegistry Billing ID: Not Available From RegistryBilling Name: Luo Mao FengBilling Organization: Luo Mao FengBilling Street: Chan Cheng Qu Fen Jiang Nan Lu Jin Yuan Jie 33Hao Shi Ji Jia Yuan 2Zuo 1402Billing City: Fu Shan ShiBilling State/Province: Guang DongBilling Postal Code: 528000Billing Country: CNBilling Phone: +86.15989991222Billing Phone Ext: Billing Fax: +86.15989991222Billing Fax Ext: Billing Email: email@example.com Reminder: Per ICANN 2013RAA`s request, Hichina has modified domain names`whois format of dot com/net/cc/tv, you could refer to section 1.4 posted by ICANN on http://www.icann.org/en/resources/registrars/raa/approved-with-specs-27jun13-en.htm#whois The data in this whois database is provided to you for information purposes only, that is, to assist you in obtaining information about or related to a domain name registration record. We make this information available "as is," and do not guarantee its accuracy. By submitting a whois query, you agree that you will use this data only for lawful purposes and that, under no circumstances will you use this data to: (1)enable high volume, automated, electronic processes that stress or load this whois database system providing you this information; or (2) allow, enable, or otherwise support the transmission of mass unsolicited, commercial advertising or solicitations via direct mail, electronic mail, or by telephone. The compilation, repackaging, dissemination or other use of this data is expressly prohibited without prior written consent from us. We reserve the right to modify these terms at any time. By submitting this query, you agree to abide by these terms.For complete domain details go to:http://whois.aliyun.com/whois/domain/zhenyusi.net


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"... lucid and stimulating... " The New York Times Book Review
"Essential reading for anyone who wishes to understand the new Eastern Europe and the collapse of Soviet control over it informative and incisive." Zbigniew Brzezinski
"Gati's book... is the most current and best-informed study of this rapidly changing world.... Professor Gati is uniquely qualified to understand and give perspective to the impact of perestroika and Soviet 'new thinking' on the events in Eastern Europe." William H. Luers, Former U. S. Ambassador to Czechoslovakia
"... a superb synthesis of the postwar evolution of Soviet-East European relations and the first up-to-date analysis of the revolutionary events in that part of the world in 1989." Michael Mandelbaum, Council on Foreign Relations
"An up-to-date and lucid overview of the troubled course of Soviet-East European relations at time of momentous change in the Soviet bloc." Sarah M. Terry
"... excellent analysis and synthesis... " Foreign Affairs
"this book is written in a lively style and is a good scholarly synthesis of the post-Second World War evolution of Soviet-East European relations ending in the revolutionary events of 1989." Canadian Journal of Political Science
"... a lively and perceptive account... " Military Review
"Clearly and simply written, this book is particularly useful as a compact introduction to the prehistory and transformation of East European politics." Choice
"It is well organized, readable, and sensitive to complexity; find the time to read it." History
Revolution swept each of the Warsaw Pact countries--Poland, Hungary, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania--in 1988-89. These revolutions have far outstripped the reforms introduced in the Soviet Union. Gati (political science, Union College) examines the changes, the prospects for the future, and the potential role of the US. Paper edition (unseen), $12.50. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)


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Mathew L.
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EducationSeattle University Graduate 2012 - Double Major in Economics & Mathematics | Cumulative GPA: 3.7
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I have been a tutor consistently for the past four years and have grown a deep passion for assisting others on improving their own learning of mathematics and economics.
In Mathematics, I really enjoy tutoring any subject through Calculus as well as statistics. I have been trained on K-12 Mathematics Curriculum and really enjoy seeing students really understand the material.
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Bonjour!! I have landed safely in Paris for a two-day stop. It is ironic that the only other time I was in Paris was close to 13 years ago and I was sick with a stomach virus then and I am now on the tail end of the flu. Hopefully, it is not a trend, for I have plans to come back to Paris at the end of this leg.
I have a new Italian friend in Paris that was so kind as to welcome me by taking me to Hotel Costes near the Place Vendome for a sip of wine and the BEST foie gras that has ever crossed my lips. Today, I thank God that the worst of my cold is behind me and my taste buds are back, because this was one sinful snack I would have been devastated to miss.


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AFTERWORD: SOME IMPLICATIONS OF CRICHTON'S PHILOSOPHICAL SYSTEM FOR PSYCHOLOGY (From Foundations for a New Civilization)
This foundational book, like the foundation for a building, determines the nature of the structures built upon it. Presented here are a few implications of Crichton's philosophical system for psychology.
Psychology today may be roughly divided into two parts. One part, represented by classical learning theory and its physiological relatives, American behaviorism, psychobiology, sensory psychophysics, and their cousins, finds its foundation in the harsh materialism of the physical sciences. Apart from these psychologies that claim materialism as a foundation are "all the rest." Cognitive psychologies, motivational psychologies, dynamic psychologies, and their cousins, claim no discernable foundation at all. Modern psychologists are left with a choice between standing on the rock of materialism and studying humans as one more aspect of a purely physical world, or studying humans by skipping deftly, like a logger on a river of logs, from one floating set of assumptions to another, hoping to keep bits of psychological theory together and flowing.
Unfortunately, a choice between the rock of materialism and the river of floating assumptions also implies a choice between including and excluding phenomena that are transcendent of the physical world. Materialistic psychology necessarily views the mind as the brain. Thinking is the brain acting as a computer. Feeling is limbic activity. Consciousness is an altered brain state. For each phenomenon, there is nothing more than its physical manifestation. And given its materialist foundation, nothing more can ever emerge from psychological theory. Unlike physics, where the physical reality of the chairs they sit on is no different than the reality of the chairs' atoms, materialist psychologists can never make their conscious experiences out of nerve impulses, and keep both as real. No wonder so many psychologists have chosen the river. There, although their footing is without foundation, they need not sacrifice the reality of their consciousness.
At the beginning of Chapter 4, Crichton boldly stakes out a foundation that will accommodate experience along with particles in a coherent view of nature that includes more than elementary particles.
"How do you begin to develop a deeper understanding of nature than that which science has already given us? You need a notion of the elements of reality. Physics gives us a notion of the elements as being the elementary particles. But reality is more than things; it is also events or changes, and also the underlying causes of these.
"Elements must be both irreducible and comprehensive, and they must together comprise all of reality. This implies that they cover both the parts and the whole, as well as intermediate wholes and how all these work together.
I propose that structure, change and tendency are genuine elements of reality, at least some of them. Structure and change are material, but tendency, although affecting material things, may not be entirely material; it may have an ingredient that transcends time and space."
By including tendency as one of three "irreducible and comprehensive" elements of nature, Crichton opens the door for a psychology that includes the reality of consciousness on the same foundation as the reality of the body and brain. His proofs concerning the tendencies of natural events, are carried out without recourse to explanations that depend on "natural laws" that science assumes as "super-natural" rulers of physical events. This places causation within an entirely natural framework. Natural "laws" are evolving as part of nature. They aren't super-natural. The naturalistic existence of tendency reveals the inseparable connection between consciousness, creation, and change. Natural existence includes both conscious experiences and atoms.
His system is pregnant with psychological theories, like a queen bee is pregnant with a multitude of related offspring, each carrying the same genetic signature, but doing different work while living together in the same hive.
A few of the offspring are likely to be in the areas of psychological health, the nature and importance of relationships, and the reality and usefulness of our feelings as our awareness of our tendencies. Crichton's on-going proofs, premised only on the existence of structure, change, and tendency, lead to conclusions concerning health and relationships. These are woven into his deductions concerning what it means to be individuated as a being.
An example of the Crichton's revelations concerning health is the connection he reveals between individuality, well-being, freedom, and what he call's "vivacity" – behavior in the living present that contributes to well-being. (See Page 37.) He emphasizes that health is functioning that contributes to individuality, that is, it is functioning that contributes to our wholeness and distinctiveness. This consists of functioning of subsystems of the body and of external relationships such that they contribute to our individualities.
Health is both living that produces well-being, as well as well-being. Our way of living, because it is more or less well patterned, has more or less distinctiveness, meaning that the way we promote our well-being, itself has more or less well-being. So health includes the living of our lives in ways that produce wholeness and distinctiveness of us as persons, not just the state of being whole and distinct as persons.
This forms a bridge to a coherent view of freedom and its relationship to individualities of persons. (see page 126 and following) After pointing out the usually noticed limitations of frequent historical treatments of freedom as either "absence of restrains vs. opportunity," he uses the foundations he has built for understanding individuality and health to take the idea of freedom in a novel direction. He derives the ideal of freedom as "maximum opportunity to maximize one's vivacity." Thus he uses the derivation of "veracity" - living in ways that increase well-being – to illuminate what individual freedom is and what it's good for. He proceeds to explicate what "opportunity" for maximizing one's actual living so it contributes to one's well-being. Sociable love provides a social environment that contributes dependable social structures that circumscribe and make perceptible opportunities for vivacity.
The implications for psychology here are numerous. Perhaps most important is a change of focus concerning mental health from just a state of well-being, to inclusion of the manner in which one lives. Mentally healthy living involves freely acting on opportunities for increasing well-being. In addition, Crichton explicates the importance of a social environment that includes dependable structures and circumscribed opportunities for freedom to operate. He even includes the fine arts as an important part of what he calls a "freedom culture."
Because Crichton's discovery of the nature of causality by patterns, is key to many psychological implications of his work, perhaps it is worth reviewing it.
The metaphor of an incomplete jigsaw puzzle, although misleading in some respects, helps us to get at the nature of causality and its relationship to feelings.
Picture a jigsaw puzzle whose entire edge is unfinished. The puzzle represents every physical state of the material universe since its beginning up to the present moment. That is, each piece of the puzzle represents a single change that occurred since the center piece appeared at the formation of the first physical particle preceding the "big bang." A mighty big puzzle! In addition, there is a creator of the puzzle that is responsible for creating each material piece from the beginning. Because this creator of material particles existed prior to all structure, tendencies, and changes, it cannot itself have any of these attributes. It has no intelligence, no material existence, and no structure of any kind. Because it has no structure of its own, the creator's awareness of the puzzle can only be exactly what the puzzle is and the shapes of pieces can only affect the shape of the new pieces it creates already there. Its existence consists only of an exact awareness of everything about the puzzle – the shape of every piece, the shape of each combination of pieces taken one at a time, two at a time, three at a time etc., and the direction and distance of each piece from every other piece. Therefore, included in its awareness is the puzzle's edge. Because it creates and is awareness is inclusive of everything exiting, the puzzle's creator "sees" the relationships between the shapes of all the existing pieces and the edge of the puzzle. Similarities between what exists and the shape of the edge determine what is possible to create at any given time. Because the puzzle's creator has no existence other than creative awareness, it does not exist in any location that could ever be included in the puzzle. This is to say, it has no material relationship to the puzzle. It is literally nowhere in space. Its relationship to the puzzle is only through awareness/creation. So it is equally aware of everything about the puzzle.
The puzzle plus its transcendent creator include all existence. The puzzle contains all of material creation since the beginning of the material universe and all the precedents that cause what comes next. All existence is still there in its material form. The edge of the puzzle is what exists in the present; it is the present everywhere in the universe. Starting from the first piece ever created, if you were to count outward toward the edge, the present, you will have counted time, all time. All material change that has ever occurred or will occur is creation at the edge of what exists and adds to it.
Like all metaphors, this "flat world" picture leaves out a good deal. For example it is in two-space. Also it implies that created patterns literally touch one another in space, as do the jigsaw puzzle pieces. It is the individuation of patterns of matter due to relationships that is represented metaphorically by the puzzle pieces. Unlike puzzle pieces, fundamental particles are separated by space. Furthermore, our imaginations begin to fail as we try to expend the puzzle pieces laid out before us into three dimensions and then try to imagine the addition of pieces in a fourth dimension, time, so that the outer edge is present time. If we were able to imagine the entire history of the material universe in four dimensions, we would see the shape of the outside surface as the limiting possibilities for what can happen next. The future is limited, at any time, to those patterns that most resemble patterns already existing inside that most easily lock onto the surface shapes. The present literally has a material shape. Shapes existing in the past, any place and any time in the universe, that have resemblances to something that would fit with the shape of the present, constitute the active tendencies for change in the present. Such is the nature of causation proposed by Crichton.
What has this to do with feelings? Crichton's theory of consciousness is that individual consciousness is an individual's participation in the creator's awareness, except it is limited to one's local position in space-time. The creator's awareness is of all potential fits of the past to present circumstances. Therefore, our feelings are our awareness of causal tendencies that are operating on local possibilities, mainly our bodies. Thus, a potentially close fit of any pattern existing anywhere in the history of the universe to one's present circumstance could be experienced as a feeling and could constitute a tendency for one's behavior. However, patterns existing in our own history or the histories of persons or other animals like us are likely to furnish closer fits and therefore become more frequent as exemplars for our behaviors.
The implications of this are vast. What of Jung's collective unconscious? Could his archetypes be representations of deep natural tendencies? Is there a naturalistic explanation for the effects of myth? What are the possibilities for a deep understanding of our lives extending back beyond those who raised us to those whose lives serve as patterns from afar in space-time? Can we cultivate our sensitivity to subtle feelings to the point where we can detect enormously more possibilities for our behaviors in any given circumstance?
I am reminded of four students who came to me many years ago with a proposal for a natural observation "experiment" concerning feelings. They proposed keeping diaries of all their feelings, recorded every ten minutes of wake-time for a week. In preparation for their recordings, they tried to prepare a list of all human feelings. The number of feelings started with a few dozen and quickly got out of hand. Crichton's work implies that a complete list of feelings could never have been completed by them, which itself has implications for our notions of prediction of human behaviors. According to this work there is potentially a feeling for every behavior of which we are capable, that is, for every precedent existing in space time that bears any resemblance to present circumstance. There is a tendency influencing our behavior, potentially accessible by us as a feeling, originating from every pattern in the history of the universe that bears some resemblance to our present circumstance.
The potential influence of the system presented in this book on all areas of psychology is enormous. The examples of its treatment of feelings, well-being, individuality, health, and freedom are only a sample. Many of us who have toiled a lifetime in the psychology garden have tired of growing barren plants, plants that resist our attempt to make them bear fruits expected of materialistic science, a botanical family that is not their own. Crichton's work cultivates the ground for another kind of garden, a place where science and mind can blossom together. The soil provided by Crichton's philosophical system is rich and firm. It awaits a thoroughly naturalistic psychology to take root.
Library of Congress Control #2011937655
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Mx Medical Innovation
Get a head start toward college and careers in health care.
Maryknoll's new Mx Scholar Program for Medical Innovation is focused on the growing opportunities in the health care field.
Students who aspire to be physicians, nurses, physical therapists, biomedical engineers or other medical professions will explore all aspects from prevention and diagnosis to treatment and rehabilitation.
Using cutting-edge technology on zSpace virtual reality computers, students will learn about human anatomy and systems. Courses explore topics like infectious diseases, cancer treatment, immunology, surgery, pharmacology and more.
Professional mentors and internships in high school will enable students to gain real-world experience in health care and research settings. Senior year culminates with a capstone project on a topic chosen by the student ranging from public health and biomedical engineering to clinical medicine and physiology.
Maryknoll School offers a new model of education that blends classroom and real world. This "academic honeycomb" shows the six types of learning resources that help students become 21st century learners, leaders and global citizens of character:
- Advanced Curriculum offering individualized learning guided by instructors who are professionals in the fields driving the careers of the future.
- Project-Based Learning through hands-on studies that bring concepts to life.
- Internships in high school to gain experience and develop professional maturity.
- Mentors who are industry professionals sharing real-world insights and career paths.
- College Excellence as a focus so students are prepared to stand out to outstanding universities.
- Leadership opportunities and development, including exemplifying the school's motto, Noblesse Oblige, which means, "To whom much is given, much is expected."


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Welcome to American High Performance.
Our mission is simple: to provide the best products and service to our customers at the lowest prices possible. We take great pride in our company, our commitment to customer service and in the products we sell. Our online store is designed to provide you with a safe and secure environment to browse our product catalog.
We specialize in modern American Muscle including the Mustang, Camaro, Corvette and all Dodge Hemi vehicles, the Challenger, Charger, 300C and Jeep SRT8. Our American peformance shop serves the Northern Virginia, Washington DC and Maryland area with expert installation services.
We invite you to browse through our store and shop with confidence. You may create an account with us if you like, or shop as a guest. Either way, your shopping cart will be active until you leave the store.
Thank you for visiting.
NOTICE: Our webstore accepts VISA, Mastercard, American Express and Discover credit cards and Paypal for your purchases. For our return policy, please see Terms & Conditions below.


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MIAMI, FL – NGC® today announced that Aeropostale has selected NGC's supply chain management software as the company's international supply chain management system. The rapidly growing mall-based retailer, known for designing and producing high-quality casual apparel and accessories for teens and children, wanted to improve visibility, collaboration and communication between its vendors and international licensees. NGC is delivering a best-in-class solution for Aeropostale.
NGC's software provides Aeropostale with a complete system to manage all phases of its international supply chain management.
The system enables Aeropostale to instantly deliver its international purchase orders and revisions to its vendors around the world, with integrated Work-in-Process that allows users to track and update the production status of each order.
The system manages all aspects of logistics, including bar code labels, ASNs and shipping paperwork.
NGC's software includes integrated workflow calendars, with alerts, exception management and collaboration tools to ensure that all production schedules stay on track.
In addition to the above, the NGC application supports the growth of the international business, scaling as needed as Aeropostale expands its international footprint.
"Aeropostale has emerged as a powerful teen brand that offers its customers the best combination of fashion and value," said Mark Burstein, president of sales, marketing and R&D, NGC. "We're looking forward to working with them on a successful implementation that will bring new productivity and efficiency to the Aeropostale global supply chain."
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Dutch industry has bought the first batch of soya certified as sustainable by the Round Table on Responsible Soy RTRS.
Brazilian soya company Grupa André Maggi is to supply 85,000 tons to animal feed association Nevedi, food retailer Ahold and dairy firm FrieslandCampina. The Dutch Sustainable Trade Initiative described the move as a "breakthrough".
Soya is one of the world's most important agricultural products. Due to increasing meat consumption the demand for the crop as animal feed is rapidly growing.
The RTRS is a global platform which was established in 2006 with the aim of becoming the global standard for responsibly cultivated soy. The organisation aims to prevent environmental damage and violation of local land rights caused by soya cultivation.
© Radio Netherlands Worldwide


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Halloween Havoc CHANGE IN TIMES!!!!
Ok Everyone! Due to the not so wonderful weather that mother nature has thrown at us for the Lone Star Rally We are changing the times for the Bike Ride & Bike Show Tomorrow.
The ride Leaves now Tomorrow at 3pm and the Bike Show Sign up is from 4-6pm.
Bike show awards will be at 8pm.
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Despite recession, parents vow to fill kids' Christmas stockings
Wednesday, December 23, 2009
With the tough times and a son in college, Anthony Jackson says he cannot possibly afford the kind of Christmas his family once had, with gifts piled high in the den of his Petworth home. But then again, he can't imagine disappointing his youngest children, either.
"I'm looking at basics: shoes, underclothes, T-shirts," said his wife, Elaine, as they strolled around the Mall at Prince Georges.
Not Jackson. He was thinking electronics. One $170 PSP game system for his youngest son. One $170 Nintendo DSi system for his daughter. "But one game each," he said, noting that that's much less than in the flush days, when he might have bought four or five.
So go the inevitable compromises and conflicts of the holiday as many parents strive to insulate their children from the fallout of the worst recession in decades.
"You want to give your children things; you want your children to be happy, even if you have to pay the price later," said Jackson, a government worker and father of four, who remembers when his paycheck seemed to stretch further and when fewer friends and neighbors were hurting financially.
In these final shopping days, many parents are reconciling their practical concerns with a deep desire to see delight in their children's faces Christmas morning. Spending on gifts is down, but that does not always mean children will feel the difference.
"In hard times, parents try even harder," said Steven Mintz, a history professor at Columbia University who studies childhood. He said that the impulse to shield children from family financial difficulties goes back many generations. "During the Great Depression, parents would do anything to keep their kids from feeling the hardship," he said.
This bears out in what Marshal Cohen, the chief retail analyst for NPD Group, a market research firm, sees happening in stores. Early indicators show that toys are faring a little better than most retail categories, he said, and in NPD's surveys, "parents absolutely, yes, have said that, yes, they will forgo or significantly reduce purchasing for the significant other in the family to make sure the kids do not get cutbacks."
'The kids come first'
This includes Kimberly Simmons-Griffin, 39, a Mount Rainier contract manager who made spending cuts, but not for her children. Her teen will get her first "real" purse, a $200 Coach bag. Her 4-year-old twins will get their toys, most of them costing less than $30: Transformers and trucks for one, doll babies and princess dress-up clothes for the other.
"The shopping I usually do for me, I cut back on that," she said. "Everything went to the kids this year. . . . You don't want your kids to suffer. These burdens are ours, not our children's."
Pamela Logan, 61, who lives in Southeast Washington, emerged from a Target store with gifts for her four grandchildren: a Candy Land game, slippers, a bathrobe. Her two grown children will get less this year, she said, because "the kids come first."
In many families, children have learned a little -- or a lot -- about the country's economic woes, including the housing bust and high unemployment rate. But many parents hope to make the holiday season a time apart from these difficult truths.


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9-8-2012 Milndollarbabe: IMO the rv rate is gathered from a variety of resources and I'm quite sure there is a formula that is used. Debt relieved, natural resources, oil reserves, gold, etc.
I don't know what the formula is but I'm sure there is one and a range has been given to the IMF for approval. Budgets can be ammended and changed. I wouldn't be surprised that it is calculated with a basket of currencies to help it maintain its stability in this volatile time of economic chaos.
Stability is the main concern for when its to pop that it can and will be maintained and if its pegged to a basket that would help achieve such.
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Notebook is an innovative way to communicate specifically designed for educational institutions. With the proliferation of smart phones and the Internet has become able teachers and officials of the centers send messages, Altenbhat and communications through the site Notebook-mail or through the application directly (without the need to enter the site) for mobile students or guardians immediately, as Parents can send any note phone administrator or teacher when needed.
لاستعمال مفكرة، يجب على المركز التعليمي او المدرسة الاشتراك بالخدمة عن طريق الموقع الاكتروني www.mofakerah.com
To use the notebook, should the education center or school subscribe to the service through the site-mail www.mofakerah.com
Loved it
Thank you Rubikomm
I like the app, however I checked the notification box, i have it for the first time then i never received it again. I have to login in order to check the recent one instead of getting notification automatically.
My phone number was rejected and i keep getting the same msg that the number doesnt exist..
It's very useful and interested
Excellent work


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Not Accepting Guests
- Last login almost 5 years ago
Join Couchsurfing to see Shirley's full profile. It's free!
About Me
no big plans just finding life and enjoying creativity as i go
I was born in the Netherlands but raised in Australia, however the Dutch culture was never lost. I am very much a people person, Im curious and ask a lot of questions. I enjoy nothing more then indulging into interesting conversation. Happiness and positivity are key and it's the small things in life I treasure the most. For now im just trying to maintain a constant state of learning and self growth, eager to make the most out of every opportunity.
I try to always follow my gut intuition, listen to my feelings, ask for help, allow myself to fail, celebrate every moment of victory and breath.
To laugh often and much
To win the respect of others and the affection of children
To earn the appreciation of honest critics
To endure the betrayal of false friends
To appreciate beauty, find the best in people
To leave the world a bit better, whether by a healthy child, a garden patch or a redeemed social situation
To know even one life has breathed easier because you lived
-Ralph Waldo Emerson-
I love this quote, reading this always provides me with inspiration and direction.
Why I'm on Couchsurfing
Right now Im only surfing, but I hope to host people in the future once my travels come to a halt for a while.
Not alot of experience as yet, looking forward to changing this very soon.
Nature, people, music, art, reading, healthy eating & cooking, Exploring new places, history, spiritualaity, creativity, second hand goods, spending hours in parks, suprising someone.
- arts
- culture
- beauty
- cooking
- gardening
- reading
- music
- surfing
- history
- parks
Music, Movies, and Books
I can't say I watch a lot of movies but I do love love love all kinds of music, I especially enjoy listening to alternative/indie/acoustic. My faourite artists at the moment are defintly Bon Iver, Ben Howard and florence and the machine. However I also really like to listen to a bit of electronic/trance.
I have phases of what sorts of books I read but some of my favourite authors are Jodi picoult, Khalid hosseini and of course the Genius behind the phenomena of 50 shades of grey, E.L James
One Amazing Thing I've Done
I recently skydived and it was the most liberating and empowering experience. It has made me see that even the sky is no longer a limit. You can achieve or do anything!
Teach, Learn, Share
In life with good comes bad I now fully realize and understand that the bad is not "bad" it's simply a challenge- a challenge to overcome and you can chose to learn, grow and turn it into something positive or you let it bring you down. Love who you are, be passionate and don't over think.. Enjoy!
Countries I've Visited
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey
Countries I've Lived In


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5 September 2017
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Bill Edgar's fiendish football quiz
When Vinnie Jones was booked for a foul after three seconds of a top-flight match in 1992, who was he playing for? Three players at which club broke their leg or ankle at Ewood Park in the space of two seasons?
Bill Edgar, one of the most formidable and knowledgeable men in the game, has come up with 15 questions to test whether you qualify as a true football anorak.
Budding stattos can click on the tab above to take this fiendish football quiz. And remember: the quiz is a test of your knowledge, not your ability to use a search engine. Give yourself three minutes - and no Fergie time.
How you rated
1-3 Banished to the reserves!
4-6 You need more training