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Noventri Announces a New Service - Digital Signage Content Analysis
Clients can now improve and excel in their digital signage content with a Digital Signage Content Analysis, a new complimentary service from Noventri.
May 13, 2014, Smithsburg, MD - Noventri announces 'Digital Signage Content Analysis', a complimentary service (valued at over $1000) to improve your existing digital signage content. The Noventri Digital Signage Content Analysis is for current digital signage users that would like to improve their existing content. Current clients of Noventri, and users of other digital signage solutions are all welcome to participate in the new content analysis service.
The Digital Signage Content Analysis requires that users simply submit examples of their existing digital signage content and fill out a brief questionnaire. The Noventri team will then review the content and provide a professional analysis based on the use of color, branding continuity, message effectiveness, readability and more.
"Noventri has been designing digital signage content for 15 years and our clients have come to rely on our ability to listen to their needs and goals. Through good communication and a vast background in content strategy, we have been able to accomplish the clients' needs and goals with our content design techniques." says Tim Rollins, Executive Director of Operations at Noventri. "We have decided to give back to the digital signage community with a service that requires no commitment to our clients and to those who aren't clients but would like to make their content more effective."
A complete, complimentary content analysis will include:
· A Report on Current Content Condition
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Noventri is a U.S. digital signage technology company that excels at automation, utilizing databased content and has established a stellar work-flow for a wide range of industries worldwide. Noventri has been providing exceptional digital signage content for clients since 1999. To learn more about Noventri Digital Signage, Digital Signage Content and other Noventri services visit the Noventri website.
Noventri - a division of Specialized Communications Corporation (est. 1978) - Noventri succeeds by simplifying the digital signage experience through solid automation and data based content solutions and serves such names as Quiznos, Lockeheed Martin, ETS, Bristol Myers Squibb, Marriott and numerous other facilities in a wide range of industries worldwide. Noventri headquarters is located at 20940 Twin Springs Dr., Smithsburg, Maryland 21783-1510. URL: www.noventri.com


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Have you wondered why you feel an uncontrollable urge towards someone? We sometimes get attracted to someone. Soon thoughts about them cloud the mind.
Gradually, we start developing feelings towards them. Slowly we develop a bond. And then we tend to fall in love. And then lust comes into the picture.
Also Read: The Best Relationship Advice
After the desire is fulfilled, we develop attachment towards that person and feel like starting a family. But what was happening in your body during all the above stages? Have you ever wondered how all these just happened in your head? Read on...
What Happens When Lust Gets Triggered?
Hormones like testosterone and oestrogen are released when lust gets triggered in human beings.
Why Do You Feel Absorbed In Love?
There are 3 main neurotransmitters (seratonin, adrenaline and dopamine) which totally take over your brain. They make you feel totally consumed in love.
What Gives You That Rush?
That excitement, the fast heart beat and that rush is caused by adrenaline. You feel thrilled all the time.
Also Read: Your Love Life In 2017
What Causes The Pleasure And The Desire?
Dopamine is mainly responsible for the feel good reactions that occur in you when you are in love with someone.
Why Do You Get Addicted To That Person?
Serotonin triggers joy and lifts your mood. That makes you get addicted to the person who seems to give you that high.
Also Read: Role Of Gut Instincts In Relationships
What Governs Long Term Relationships?
Vasopressin and oxytocin are responsible for strengthening the bond between you and your partner. They make you feel attached to your loved one.
Oxytocin And Vasopressin
Oxytocin is released soon after you experience an orgasm. This will strengthen the bond between both. Even vasopressin is also said to be released after making love. Both of them play a role in strengthening bonds and cultivating attachment.
Also Read: Signs You Are An Awesome Partner

subset: commoncrawl


text:
52 Grinnell Ave, Tiverton, Rhode Island
$264,9002 Beds1 BathActive
$264,9002 Beds1 BathActive
52 Grinnell Ave, Tiverton, Rhode Island 02878 - Impeccably maintained 2-3 bedroom ranch in quiet Tiverton neighborhood. Brand new roof , kitchen with granite countertops, nice hardwoods, and a beautiful finished area in basement perfect for "man cave" or additional entertaining area complete with wood burning stove. Property is beautifully landscaped with brick walkways & a fireplace in back yard. Convenient location to area amenities. Nice waterviews too! Owner to install new septic system for new owners. Don't miss out on this beauty!
Listing Courtesy of RE/MAX Right Choice


text:
09 November 2011
Diary/Planner Year Overlap?
I hit on a minor inconvenience this morning when Mrs M started booking flights or I should say tried to start booking flights in January and July 2012. I like to make sure key events like this are recorded in my Filofax to make sure we don't go and clash with other events or someone wants to come and see us etc.
Not a big problem, but having yet another Filofax A5 out on the desk along with the other two (my normal planner, and my work one) was the tipping point!
So what to do... apart from clearing the desk to allow for another one! Then I had a brain wave. When I get to December I will move the last month of my current planner in to the 2012 organiser and then I will have an overlap period. I have just checked and there is enough capacity in the Malden to take the extra pages for the month they will be in there.
So what do you do about up and coming events in the next year in your Filofax? Do you start putting in next years diary insert in to your Filofax before you get to the end of the year and remove some of this years (say the first 6 months) to accommodate it?
19 comments:
that is exactly what I did yesterday. I removed the old 2011 diary, put in the new 2012 one and replaced the last two months of 2011 between the information pages and the first weekly view. It is only about 10 sheets extra, so it doesn't take up that much room. Might be different for page-a-day calendars of course.ReplyDelete
When I used a Filofax for my planner I rotated inserts every few months to have several months past and at least 6 months future. I never did do distinct years only with my diary inserts.ReplyDelete
My dates for the next year usually appear around October. So I change the calendar, removing October to September of the "current" year and add the whole next year. This makes me carry 15 months all year long. But it fits in my Personal and gives me the chance of keeping fortcoming appointments in my view.ReplyDelete
I have a plain notes page just for future diary and I list all important events which need to go in the next diary and even 2 years ahead... ie my 50th party to arrange in 2013, my prescription card to update in 2013 etc etc. As I've got a mid-year diary I am already able to schedule 2012 dates ahead. But any from Sept to Dec I can't..... so those go on my future diary page. Seems to work well for me. All dates are copied into the next diary and the page updated when the new diary is in place.ReplyDelete
I struggle with the amount of diary inserts I have specially when the new year rolls around and it gets too bulky when I add the new inserts but I really like your method Butanben!!ReplyDelete
I used to stuff entire years into my planner, and then I read a comment here...I can't remember if it was an actual comment, or part of an article. Basically it stated that you were suppose to use ALL the inserts-have a year planner, a few month pages, fewer week pages, and even fewer day pages.ReplyDelete
So my solution has been to put in a year of month at a view pages, which I use for planning actual solid dates, plans, appointments etc. Then I also have a month or so of day per page-these are what I use to record to dos and notes.
Right now I have the last few months of 2011 and all of 2012 in month on two pages, and this week of November through the end of December. I usually keep about 6 weeks of day per page for future to dos and notes.
i put in a 2012 vertical planner and have been putting new year's appointments and events in there. i like having month on 2p in my filo as the mainstay calendar but for some reason i didn't want to put 2012 in yet. i might use this insert instead... or in addition...not sure yet... of course since i already have both for 2012 i'll probably interchange them every so often depending on need/mood at the moment. filofax is so cool like thatReplyDelete
oh right - sorry forgot to finish. i'm similar to amanda - i start off with the full year in month o2p, a month of wpp with todos in between and a bunch of graph paper for free dailies (some days need more space than others) plus i have my couple of month pages to log daily mood, best things, etc and a couple of pages to recap the weeks of the month...hmm... off to take pics for a blog post forgot i was gonna do that awhile ago...ReplyDelete
I use same system as Laurie. Usually 4 months past and 6 months future.ReplyDelete
I'm using the FF vertical year planner to record New Year's events and appointments. Usually I'd just start putting in some of the 2012 monthlies, but since I am switching to the FC inserts next year, there is really no good way to deal with two different sized calendar inserts.ReplyDelete
So, for the time being, next year's events are going into my every day Filo on the year planner, and if I have time I also record them on the monthly/daily FC pages which are sitting at home, waiting to be used! Since my fiance is spending New Year's Day shooting a wedding this year, I'm hoping I have a few spare hours to perfect my 2012 system :)
Thank you Minnie! It seems to work for me until the new diaries roll around, and I can check I am not double booking on any day.Also means that if there is an event in say 2013,(even got an important family birthday one in 2019!!) I know it is going in the future diary and won't be forgotten!!ReplyDelete
[the other Amanda... from Paper, Pens and Ink]ReplyDelete
I do a bit of a combo of several systems on here... I have a month or so of WO2P that have passed (though I rarely need to look at them so I may realise that real estate soon), then I have about 6 months of WO2P. I only ever have the current week of day per page diary (for detailed planning) and I don't really use month to view or longer. I do have a few sheets of paper at the back of the diary for 'future planning' with separate years on them (so a sheet for 2012, one for 2013 etc) - largely reminding me when all my vaccinations for Malawi are due!
I use one or other of the undated monthly planners - these ones:ReplyDelete
These cover the start of the year, and for scheduling blocks of committed time further ahead I use an Annual Overview form http://www.philofaxy.com/files/A4AnnualOverview365.pdf
This avoids splitting the current year's week to view diary, which goes intact into archive over the Christmas holidays.
Do any of the others in academia on here find it easier to work in Sept to Sept (or equivalent start of academic year date) years? I can get really confused when people say things will happen at the 'start of next year' because quite often I am assuming they are happening 9 months after the person I'm talking to is meaning!ReplyDelete
Or is it just me?
I already archived most of 2011 and now there are the last 3 month of 2011 and the first 3 month of 2012 inside - thats when my semester ends and i already had a few deadlines and exams to fill in.ReplyDelete
@Amanda from Paper Pens and Ink. I use a mid year diary, being a teacher. I find the WH Smith one to be the best layout, as I can use the notes section at the side for birthdays etc. I like the separate evening appointments section too. What I don't like is the paper quality ..... a bit thin!!!ReplyDelete
I don't know that layout, but if the paper's thin, it might bug me... Do you have any pics?
I use standard years of Filofax, but work in academic years (across the standard years).
Thanks for all your comments, I've taken the plunge and moved my last two months in to my 2012 set up yesterday and I will use it and then I will take it out a the end of the year.ReplyDelete
I have yearly plans for ongoing and next year all the time in my Filofax. Than I have week-per-2p for the next few weeks (and usually the last few too). I don't sort pages per year before archiving them. Saves a lot of space, which I then use for other pages.ReplyDelete


text: WSN Routing: An Geocast Approach for Reducing Consumption EnergyHarilton da S. Araujo, Raimir Holanda Filho, Wagner L. T. de Castro2010 IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking…2010Wireless Sensor Networks are ad hoc wireless networks that present hardware and energy reserve restrictions. In general, this kind of network can be utilized as powerful tools in order to monitor and, eventually, control an environment. The routing protocols, for the WSN, must have self-configuration characteristics aimed at discovering which is the best… (More)


text:
How do I get back together with my ex girlfriend
At some point in time in anyone's life, we get to experience one of life's less enjoyable experiences: the breakup. And with the breakup comes the age old question, how do I get back together with my ex girlfriend. And unlike most other things in life, when it comes to breaking up, the more it happens to you, the more difficult it gets.
And after a breakup, the natural instinct is to want to get her back., unless the breakup was a bad one, or she is just a complete psycho. Even then, there are times you'll still want crazy back. But I would avoid that at all costs. Unhealthy relationships are not good for the soul, and you'll just usually end up constantly breaking up and making up. Consider yourself lucky if she broke it off with you, and run for the hills! Getting back together with a crazy ex girlfriend is more trouble then its worth. But if you still want to learn some good tips on bait to get ex girl friend back, then keep reading.
If you had a somewhat healthy relationship at one point in time, and are still wondering how do I get back together with my ex girlfriend, don't worry, it is quite possible. Note how I said possible and not guaranteed. Remember, no matter what you learn or what you do to win her back, you can't force your ex girlfriend to get back together with you. But if you play your cards right, and learn the right way to win her back, you've just increased your odds a lot. And if you do it right, you can use bait to get ex girl friend back!
So the burning question is, how to get your ex girlfriend back without totally screwing it up? First, you need to think why it is you two split. And you need to find the real reason, the root cause if you will. Something else to keep in mind is the time factor. You don't want to rush trying to get back together with your ex, but you can't take too much time either. Remember, you two broke up, she is back on the market.
I know it's going to sound like a simple and common instruction but apologize. And not just "I'm sorry". You're going to have to dig deeper than that if you want to win her back. Your apology has to be sincere and from the heart. And make sure you apologize for the right reasons. One last thing to keep in mind when you're saying sorry is to keep your cool. Your ex might bait you into another argument, but don't do it. If you can keep your cool and swallow your pride, that alone will impress her. Or at least it should.
If you think apologizing is all that you're going to need to do to get back together with your ex, you got another guess coming. While apologizing is a huge step, you're going to need to know more info. I would highly recommend you check out this guide to make sure you do everything right. You only get one shot at winning her back. Don't mess it up. There is a right way on the "how do I get back together with my ex girlfriend" process.
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text: X has built in support for it. here's my pointer section from XF86Config Section "Pointer" Protocol "IMPS/2" Device "/dev/psaux" Buttons 5 ZaxisMapping 4 5 EndSection then use the program imwheel to scroll it maps the wheel for ya. been usin it on many machines for a year or 2 and it works great. (all logitech trackman marble wheel) nate Mark Simos wrote: > > anybody know where i can find a driver that will let me use my scroll > wheel on my logitech track man marble+ in X? > > I am a newbie, so I might have missed something that is already there. > > Thanks! > > Mark > > -- > Mark Anthony Simos, MCSE > Poet, Playwright, Swing Dancer > > -- > Unsubscribe? mail -s unsubscribe firstname.lastname@example.com < /dev/null -- ::: ICQ: 75132336 http://www.aphroland.org/ http://www.linuxpowered.net/ firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Friends, feel free to hit up @AETV & beg them for a 2nd season of @CrazyHeartsAE @LeeHolyfield @AprilNemeth @JStanOfficial
When people show you who they really are, believe them…and never look back. #crazyhearts @CrazyHeartsAE @AETV
There's a packed house for krisallen & thedavidcook for @soles4souls & barefootwine #barefootconcert.… instagram.com/p/mRHmcfjtZ1/
Ummmm...where's my drink? @tvkellysutton @blakeshelton @ Losers Bar and Grill-Nashville instagram.com/p/8CBOuqDtVw/
Cheering on my gal pal @meghanlinsey on @NBCTheVoice!! Pick up a copy of her song here: apple.co/1Gzxmuf she is the real deal ya'll!


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 21, 1992
|Filing date
|Jan 16, 1990
|Priority date
|Sep 17, 1986
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Harold D. Lesher, Christopher R. Kennedy, Danny R. White, Andrew W. Urquhart
|Original Assignee
|Lanxide Technology Company, Lp
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (22), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (4), Classifications (13), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a Rule 60 continuation application of Ser. No. 169,203, filed Mar. 16, 1988, U.S. Pat. No. 4,921,818, in the names of Harold Daniel Lesher et al., and entitled "A Method of Making Ceramic Composites", which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Pat. No. 4,847,220 application Ser. No. 070,006, filed Jul. 6, 1987, in the names of H. Daniel Lesher et al., and entitled "A Method of Making Ceramic Composites", which was a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 908,473, filed Sep. 17, 1986, now abandoned in the names of H. Daniel Lesher et al., and entitled "A Method of Making Ceramic Composites".
This invention broadly relates to a method of making ceramic composites. More particularly, this invention relates to a method for producing ceramic composites by infiltrating a filler, which is coated with a silicon source having intrinsic doping properties, with an oxidation reaction product grown from a parent metal (e.g., aluminum) precursor.
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the use of ceramics for structural applications historically served by metals. The impetus for this interest has been the superiority of ceramics to metals with respect to certain properties, such as corrosion resistance, hardness, modulus of elasticity, and refractory capabilities.
Current efforts at producing higher strength, more reliable, and tougher ceramic articles are largely focused upon (1) the development of improved processing methods for monolithic ceramics and (2) the development of new material compositions, notably ceramic matrix composites. A composite structure is one which comprises a heterogeneous material, body or article made of two or more different materials which are intimately combined in order to attain desired properties of the composite. For example, two different materials may be intimately combined by embedding one in a matrix of the other. A ceramic matrix composite incorporates one or more diverse kinds of filler materials such as particulates, fibers, rods, and the like.
Various suitable materials have been employed as a filler in the formation and manufacture of ceramic matrix composites. These fillers have been used in the form of fibers, pellets, particulates, whiskers, etc. These materials include, for example, some of the oxides (single or mixed), nitrides, carbides or borides of aluminum, hafnium, titanium, zirconium, yttrium, and silicon. Certain known materials that have been utilized as a filler, such as silicon carbide and silicon nitride, are not intrinsically stable in a high temperature oxidizing environment (e.g. over 850� C.), but exhibit in such an environment degradation reactions having relatively slow kinetics.
There are several known limitations or difficulties in substituting ceramics for metals, such as scaling versatility, capability to produce complex shapes, satisfying the properties required for the end use application, and costs. Several patents and patent applications assigned to the same owner as this application, overcome some of these limitations or difficulties and provide novel methods for reliably producing ceramic materials, including composites. An important method is disclosed generically in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 4,713,360, which issued on Dec. 15, 1987 from U.S. application Ser. No. 818,943, filed Jan. 15, 1986, in the name of Marc S. Newkirk et al and entitled "Novel Ceramic Materials and Methods for Making the Same." This patent discloses the method of producing self-supporting ceramic bodies grown as the oxidation reaction product from a parent metal precursor. Molten metal is reacted with a vapor-phase oxidant to form an oxidation reaction product, and the metal migrates through the oxidation product toward the oxidant thereby continuously developing a ceramic polycrystalline body. The process may be enhanced by the use of an alloyed dopant, such as is used in the case of oxidizing aluminum doped with magnesium and silicon in air to form α-alumina ceramic structures. This method was improved upon by the application of dopant materials to the surface of the precursor metal, as described in commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 822,999, filed Jan. 27, 1986, in the names of Marc S. Newkirk et al and entitled "Methods of Making Self-Supporting Ceramic Materials." Application Ser. No. 822,999 was abandoned in favor of a Rule 62 continuation application Ser. No. 220,935 filed on Jun. 23, 1988, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,853,352 in he names of Marc S. Newkirk et al., and entitled "Methods of Making Self-Supporting Ceramic Materials".
This oxidation phenomenon was utilized in producing composite ceramic bodies as described in commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 819,397, filed Jan. 17, 1986, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,851,375 in the names of Marc S. Newkirk et al and entitled "Composite Ceramic Articles and Methods of Making Same." The application discloses novel methods for producing a self-supporting ceramic composite by growing an oxidation reaction product from a parent metal precursor into a permeable mass of filler, thereby infiltrating the filler with a ceramic matrix. The resulting composite, however, has no defined or predetermined geometry, shape, or configuration.
A method for producing ceramic composite bodies having a predetermined geometry or shape is disclosed in the commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 861,025, filed May 8, 1986, in the names of Marc S. Newkirk et al and entitled "Shaped Ceramic Composites and Methods of Making the Same." Application Ser. No. 861,025 was abandoned in favor of a Rule 62 continuation application Ser. No., 338,471, filed on Apr. 14, 1989, in the names of Marc S. Newkirk et al. and entitled "Shaped Ceramic Composites and Methods of Making the Same." In accordance with the method in this U.S. patent application, the developing oxidation reaction product infiltrates a permeable preform in the direction towards a defined surface boundary. It was discovered that high fidelity shape forming is more readily achieved by providing the preform with a barrier means, as disclosed in commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 861,024, filed May 8, 1986, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,923,852 in the names of Marc S. Newkirk et al and entitled "Method of Making Shaped Ceramic Composites with the Use of a Barrier". This method produces shaped self-supporting ceramic bodies, including shaped ceramic composites, by growing the oxidation reaction product of a precursor metal to a barrier means spaced from the metal for establishing a boundary or surface. A method of forming ceramic composites having a cavity with an interior geometry inversely replicating the shape of a positive mold or pattern of the parent metal is disclosed in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 4,828,785 which issued on May 9, 1989, in the names of Marc S. Newkirk et al and entitled "Inverse Shape Replication Method of Making Ceramic Articles and Articles Obtained Thereby", in commonly owned and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 896,157, filed Aug. 13, 1986, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,859,640 in the names of Marc S. Newkirk et al and entitled "Method of Making Ceramic Composite Articles with Shape Replicated Surfaces and Articles Obtained Thereby".
The entire disclosures of all of the foregoing commonly owned Patents Applications and Patent are expressly incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention broadly provides a method for producing a ceramic composite comprising a ceramic matrix obtained by the oxidation reaction of molten parent metal, e.g., aluminum, with an oxidant, and a filler coated, at least initially, with a silicon source (defined below) infiltrated by the matrix. The silicon source has a composition different from the primary composition of the filler and the silicon source is at least partially reducible by or dissolved by the molten parent metal under the process conditions. This coating of silicon source, when heated to a suitable temperature preferably, but not necessarily, in an oxygen-containing environment, possesses intrinsic doping properties for enhancing the oxidation reaction, and the essentially unaltered or remaining portion of the filler, serving as filler, is incorporated into the developing matrix, as explained below in greater detail.
The self-supporting ceramic composite is produced by initially forming a bed or mass of filler material, part or all of whose constituents are coated with a silicon source. The silicon source is different in composition from the primary composition of the filler. The filler may be overlaid at least partially with a barrier means which is at least partially spaced from the parent metal for establishing a surface or boundary of the ceramic matrix.
The filler bearing the silicon source, which may be used in combination with other filler materials, either in the form of a layup, packed bed or preshaped as a preform, is positioned or oriented adjacent to the parent metal such that formation of the oxidation reaction product will occur in a direction towards the oxidant and filler, and towards the barrier means, if the same is utilized. The bed of filler material or preform should be sufficiently permeable to permit or accommodate growth of the oxidation if a gaseous oxidant is used reaction product within the bed, and to permit the gaseous oxidant to permeate the preform and contact the molten metal. The parent metal is heated to a temperature above its melting point but below the melting point of the oxidation reaction product to form a body of molten metal. At this temperature, or within this temperature range, the molten metal reacts with the oxidant to form the oxidation reaction product. At least a portion of the oxidation reaction product is maintained in contact with and between the molten metal and the oxidant to draw molten metal through oxidation reaction product towards and into contact with the oxidant such that the oxidation reaction product continues to form at the interface between the oxidant and previously formed oxidation reaction product, thus infiltrating the adjacent filler material. The reaction is continued for a time sufficient to infiltrate at least a portion of the filler material with a polycrystalline material consisting essentially of the oxidation reaction product and one or more metallic constituents, such as unoxidized constituents of the parent metal or of the dopant, dispersed or distributed through the polycrystalline material. It should be understood that the polycrystalline matrix material may exhibit voids or porosity in place of the metal phase, but the volume percent of voids will depend largely on such conditions as temperature, time, dopants, and type of parent metal. If a barrier means has been used, the ceramic body will continue to grow to the barrier, provided sufficient parent metal is present.
As explained in the aforesaid Commonly Owned Patent Applications and Patents, the use of dopant materials can favorably influence or promote the oxidation reaction process. Silicon is a useful dopant with an aluminum parent metal, especially in combination with other dopants, and can be applied externally of the parent metal, and a useful source for such a dopant is silica. Under the process conditions of this invention, a silicic compound as the silicon source (e.g. silica) is reduced by the molten parent metal to form alumina and silicon. Thus, the silicic compound coating on the filler material is a useful dopant in promoting the development or growth of the oxidation reaction product. For example, silicon carbide will oxidize at or on the surface at elevated temperatures in air to form a silica film, and therefore silicon carbide is a particularly useful filler in that it serves not only as a filler material but also as a dopant source. The silica film is reduced by the molten parent metal to yield a silicon dopant which promotes growth of the polycrystalline matrix through the silicon carbide filler. In addition, when aluminum is used as the parent metal, the silica coating on silicon carbide particles is advantageous in that during the matrix formation reaction it increases the local silicon concentration in the unoxidized parent metal and thereby reduces the tendency for formation of Al4 C3 during the matrix growth process. Al4 C3 is undesirable because it is unstable in the presence of moisture levels normally present in ambient air, resulting in the evolution of methane and the degradation of the structural properties of the resulting composite.
It has been discovered for purposes of this invention that, in conducting the oxidation reaction, preferably in an oxygen-containing environment, the coating of silicon source serves as a dopant material for the oxidation reaction of the parent metal. The remaining portion of the filler beneath the coating, being of a different composition, is substantially unchanged and serves as a filler in the composite. For example, the filler may bear a silicic compound which is reducible by the molten metal, or the filler may be coated with silicon which is dissolvable by the molten metal. It should be understood that substantially all of the silicon source may be utilized as a dopant, or a portion only is utilized as dopant, the remainder being with the filler and becoming embedded by the matrix. Certain fillers, such as silicon carbide, will oxidize to form SiO2 at the elevated temperatures of the process, and the conditions are controlled to limit the oxidation so as to produce a silica coating reducible by the molten parent metal. When desired, a separate coating material may be applied to the filler which, on heating, produces the silicic compound. The coating of silicon source, e.g. silicic compound, may be formed or produced by first prefiring or heating a suitable filler in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. The prefired filler having thereon the coating is employed subsequently as a filler material. For example, a preform can be fabricated of silicon carbide particulate or alumina particulate coated with a siliceous precursor or compound such as tetraethyl orthosilicate. The preform is then prefired or heated in air to form an oxide skin of silica on the silicon carbide particles or alumina particles of the preform. The preform then can be employed as a ceramic composite raw material possessing an intrinsic source of silicon dopant material. Alternatively, the particulate of silicon carbide or alumina with the siliceous coating can be used in the setup of filler material and parent metal, and the silica film or coating is formed in situ during the oxidation reaction process in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas. The primary composition of the filler particulate (e.g. silicon carbide or alumina particulate) remains intact and serves as the filler material for the composite.
The materials of this invention can exhibit substantially uniform properties throughout their cross-section to a thickness heretofore difficult to achieve by conventional processes for producing ceramic structures. The process which yields these materials also obviates the high costs associated with conventional ceramic production methods, including the preparation of fine, high purity, uniform powders and their densification by such methods as sintering, hot pressing, or isostatic pressing.
The products of the present invention are adaptable or fabricated for use as articles of commerce which, as used herein, is intended to include, without limitation, industrial, structural and technical ceramic bodies for such applications where electrical, wear, thermal, structural, or other features or properties are important or beneficial; and is not intended to include recycle or waste materials such as might be produced as unwanted by-products in the processing of molten metals.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms below are defined as follows:
"Ceramic" is not to be unduly construed as being limited to a ceramic body in the classical sense, that is, in the sense that it consists entirely of non-metallic and inorganic materials, but, rather refers to a body which is predominantly ceramic with respect to either composition or dominant properties, although the body may contain minor or substantial amounts of one or more metallic constituents derived from the parent metal or produced from the oxidant or a dopant, most typically within a range of from about 1-40% by volume, but may include still more metal.
"Oxidation reaction product" generally refers to the parent metal in any oxidized state wherein the metal has given up electrons to or shared electrons with another element, compound, or combination thereof. Accordingly, an "oxidation reaction product" under this definition includes the product of reaction of the metal with an oxidant such as those described in this application.
"Oxidant" means one or more suitable electron acceptors or electron sharers and may be a solid, a liquid or a gas (vapor) or some combination of these (e.g., a solid and a gas) at the process conditions.
"Parent metal", refers to that metal, e.g., aluminum, which is the precursor for the polycrystalline oxidation reaction product, and includes that metal as a relatively pure metal, a commercially available metal with impurities and/or alloying constituents, or an alloy in which the metal precursor is the major or most significant constituent; and when a specified metal is mentioned as the parent metal, e.g., aluminum, the metal identified should be read with this definition in mind unless indicated otherwise by the context.
"Silicon source" refers to elemental silicon or a silicic compound which will provide a dopant material and/or promote wetting of the filler by the molten parent metal under the process conditions.
FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 are photographs in plan and side views, respectively, of a composite prepared in accordance with Example 2. In each of these figures a portion of the grown composite has been removed by sectioning for further analysis.
FIG. 4 is a photomicrograph at 50� of a composite structure showing coated filler particles embedded by a ceramic matrix prepared in accordance with Example 3.
FIGS. 5A-5D are photomicrographs taken at 50� of cross-sections of an oxidation reaction product prepared in accordance with Example 4.
FIGS. 6A-6D are photomicrographs taken at 50� of cross-sections of an oxidation reaction product prepared in accordance with Example 4.
FIGS. 7A-7D are photomicrographs taken at 50� of cross-sections of an oxidation reaction product prepared in accordance with Example 4.
In practicing the process of the present invention, the parent metal, which may be doped with additional dopant material (as explained below in greater detail) and is the precursor to the oxidation reaction product, is formed into an ingot, billet, rod, plate, or the like. A mass or body of filler material comprising a particulate, powders, fibers, whiskers, or other suitable shapes having a coating of a silicon source is oriented relative to the parent metal so that the direction of growth of the oxidation reaction product will be towards and into the filler. The composition of the coating is different from the primary composition of the filler, and, if a silicic compound, also is reducible by the molten parent metal, thereby promoting the oxidation reaction by serving as a dopant. It is also believed that the silicon source also serves to enhance wettability of the filler by the parent metal. The bed is permeable to the vapor-phase oxidant (e.g. air) if a vapor-phase oxidant is employed, and to the growth of oxidation reaction product matrix in order to permit development of the oxidation reaction product and infiltration thereby of the filler. As explained in the Commonly Owned Patents Applications and Patent, dopant materials favorably influence the oxidation reaction process of parent metals, and silicon, silicon dioxide and similar silicon-containing compounds are useful dopant sources in systems employing aluminum as the parent metal. In accordance with one preferred embodiment of this invention, a silicic compound, when heated to a suitable temperature in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, forms an oxide coating which serves as a dopant material. The formation of the oxide coating on the filler may be accomplished in a prefiring step or in situ during formation of the ceramic body in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas as oxidant. Unless otherwise stated, the terms "filler" or "filler material" are intended to mean either a mass, bed or a preform comprising the filler material at least partially coated with a silicon source, which may be used in combination with other filler materials bearing no such coating.
The filler itself may react, as in the case of silicon carbide, to form a coating of a silicic compound which is reducible by the molten parent metal. Thus, in such a case the filler, per se, has intrinsic doping properties as provided by the coating, and the remaining unchanged or unaltered portion serves as the filler upon infiltration by the oxidation reaction product. Particularly suitable fillers of this type include silicon carbide and silicon nitride. With materials of this type, a silica coating or silicate coating is formed on heating in air or other suitable oxygen-containing gases. Where desired, the filler may have a suitable coating of a silicon source or silicic precursor applied to a filler of an entirely different composition. For example, a particularly useful system of this type is tetraethyl orthosilicate applied to zirconium oxide fibers, which on drying or mild heating to dissociate the material, will form a silica coating. As a further example, ethyl silicate glass may be applied to an alumina particulate, which on heating forms a coating of silica.
In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a suitable filler such as silicon carbide or silicon nitride in particulate form is prefired or heated in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, e.g. air, at a temperature sufficient to form a coating of silica on a substantial portion of the particulate. For example, in using silicon carbide as the filler, prefiring desirably is at a temperature of from about 1000� C. to about 1450� C., and preferably 1200�-1350� C. The time required for producing the oxide coating on such fillers depends on such factors as particle size, shape, porosity and availability of oxidant. For silicon carbide having a mesh size of about 250 to 750, a suitable prefiring time is about 5 to 40 hours. Another advantage of prefiring is to produce a thicker silica coating than could be produced during the time required for matrix formation.
In another embodiment, the silicon dioxide film or coating is formed in situ during the oxidation reaction process with an oxygen-containing gas as oxidant. The setup of parent metal and filler, placed in a suitable refractory vessel, is heated to a temperature not only above the melting point of the parent metal, but also high enough to form a sufficient silica coating on the filler. In this embodiment, the vapor-phase oxidant utilized in the matrix-forming oxidation reaction also reacts with the filler to form the silicon dioxide skin. For example, in using silicon carbide filler infiltrated by an alumina matrix as the oxidation reaction product of aluminum parent metal and an oxygen-containing vapor-phase oxidant, preferably air, the oxide coating will form on the silicon carbide particles at a suitable temperature. The setup first is heated to a temperature between about 1000�-1450� C., and more preferably between about 1200�-1350� C. After the silica film or coating has formed on the silicon carbide filler material, this temperature range can be maintained or can be altered for continuing the oxidation reaction process and to develop the ceramic composite structure.
In still another embodiment of the invention, the filler material may be coated with silicon such as by chemical vapor deposition. This may be particularly useful in the case of fillers, typically as fibers, particles, or whiskers, which need to be protected against degradation under the process conditions. For example, boron nitride particles need to be protected from oxidation and reaction with molten aluminum, and the silicon coating affords this protection and yet meets the other criteria of the invention.
The filler materials such as silicon carbide and silicon nitride are preferably in particulate form, and may include an admixture of different grit or mesh sizes, preferably about 10-1000 mesh, but finer particulate may be used. However, in the case of silicon nitride, it is desirable to use relatively coarse material to prevent excessive oxidation or reaction to form aluminum nitride and silicon. In this manner, the admixed filler can be tailored to produce a filler material possessing desired end properties, such as permeability, porosity, density, etc.
The filler typically is bonded as a bed or preform with any suitable binding material, agent, compound, or the like, which does not intefere with the reactions of this invention, or leave a significant amount of undesirable residual by-products within the ceramic composite product. Suitable binders have been found to include, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, epoxy resins, natural and synthetic latex, and the like, which are well known in the art. The filler, with or without a binding agent, may be formed into any predetermined size and shape by any conventional method, such as slipcasting, injection molding, transfer molding, vacuum forming, etc.
It is preferable that the filler material be preshaped, having at least one surface boundary, and should retain sufficient shape integrity and green strength, as well as dimensional fidelity, during processing and formation of the ceramic body. The filler bed or perform, however, should be permeable enough to accommodate the growing polycrystalline matrix material. For example, a silicon carbide or silicon nitride preform useful in this invention has a porosity of between about 5 and about 90% by volume, and, more preferably, between about 25 and about 75% by volume.
In conducting the process, the filler, which may be prefired and/or preshaped, is placed adjacent to one or more surfaces, or a portion of a surface, of the parent metal. The filler material preferably is in contact with an areal surface of the parent metal; but where desired, may be partially immersed, but not totally immersed, in the molten metal because complete immersion would cut off or block access of the vapor-phase oxidant into the filler material for proper development of the polycrystalline matrix. Formation of the oxidation reaction product will occur in a direction towards and into the filler material.
The setup, comprising filler and parent metal, is placed in a furnace that is supplied with a suitable vapor-phase oxidant, if a vapor-phase oxidant is to be employed, and the setup is heated to or within a temperature region above the melting point of the parent metal but below the melting point of the oxidation reaction product. The process temperature range for aluminum parent metal using air as the vapor-phase oxidant generally is between about 700�-1450� C., and more preferably between about 800�-1350� C. Within the operable temperature interval or preferred temperature range, a body or pool of molten metal forms, and on contact with the oxidant, the molten metal will react to form a layer of oxidation reaction product. Upon continued exposure to the oxidizing environment, within an appropriate temperature region, the remaining molten metal is progressively drawn into and through the oxidation reaction product in the direction of the oxidant. On contact with the oxidant, the molten metal will react to form additional oxidation reaction product. At least a portion of the oxidation reaction product is maintained in contact with and between the molten parent metal and the oxidant so as to cause continued transport of the molten metal through the formed oxidation reaction product toward the oxidant such that the polycrystalline oxidation reaction product infiltrates at least a portion of the filler material. The coating of silicon source produced on the filler material, as by prefiring in situ, or precoating, enhances the growth of the polycrystalline oxidation reaction product by supplying a continuous source of silicon dopant material throughout the volume of filler.
The process is continued until the oxidation reaction product has infiltrated at least a portion of the bed of filler material. If a preform is used, the process is continued until the oxidation reaction product has infiltrated and embedded the constituents of the preform to a defined surface boundary, and desirably not beyond, which would be an "over-growth" of the polycrystalline matrix material.
It should be understood that the resulting polycrystalline matrix material may exhibit porosity which may be a partial or nearly complete replacement of the metal constituents, but the volume percent of voids will depend largely on such conditions as temperature, time, type of parent metal, and dopant concentrations. Typically in these polycrystalline ceramic structures, the oxidation reaction product crystallites are interconnected in more than one dimension, preferably in three dimensions, and the metal or pore constituents may be at least partially interconnected. The resulting ceramic composite product will possess the dimensions and geometric configuration of the original preform if used, and especially good fidelity is achieved by the use of a barrier means.
When a vapor-phase oxidant is used in the oxidation reaction process, such oxidant is normally gaseous or vaporized at the process conditions, which provides an oxidizing atmosphere such as atmospheric air. However, when a prefired or precoated filler is used, the oxidant need not be an oxygen-containing gas. A solid oxidant or an oxidant which is a vapor-phase oxidant or a liquid under the process conditions may be used in the practice of the present invention. Further, other typical vapor-phase oxidants, the use of which may depend on whether the filler has been prefired or precoated, include additionally, for example, nitrogen or a nitrogen-containing gas, and mixtures such as air, H2 /H2 O and CO/CO2, the latter two (i.e., H2 /H2 O and CO/CO2) being useful in reducing the oxygen activity of the environment relative to desirable oxidizable constituents of the preform. Oxygen or gas mixtures containing oxygen (including air) are suitable vapor-phase oxidants, with air usually being more preferred for obvious reasons of economy. When a vapor-phase oxidant is identified as containing or comprising a particular gas or vapor, this means a vapor-phase oxidant in which the identified gas or vapor is the sole, predominant or at least a significant oxidizer of the parent metal under the conditions obtained in the oxidizing environment utilized. For example, although the major constituent of air is nitrogen, the oxygen content of air is the sole oxidizer of the parent metal under the conditions obtained in the oxidizing environment utilized. Air therefore falls within the definition of an "oxygen-containing gas" oxidant but not within the definition of a "nitrogen-containing gas" oxidant. An example of a nitrogen-containing oxidant as used herein and in the claims is "forming gas", which typically contains about 96 volume percent nitrogen and about 4 volume percent hydrogen.
As mentioned earlier, an oxidant which is liquid or solid at the process conditions may be employed alone or in conjunction with a vapor-phase oxidant. Such oxidants may be particularly useful in enhancing oxidation of the parent metal preferentially within the filler material rather than beyond its surfaces. That is, the use of such oxidants may create an environment within the filler material more favorable to oxidation kinetics of the parent metal than the environment outside the filler bed or preform. With respect to the silicon carbide filler material employed as a preform, this enhanced environment is beneficial in promoting matrix development within the preform to the boundary and minimizing overgrowth.
When a solid oxidant is employed, it may be dispersed through the entire volume of the filler material, or through only a portion of filler material adjacent the parent metal, such as in particulate form and admixed with the filler material. Any suitable solid oxidant may be employed depending upon its compatibility with the vapor-phase oxidant, if such oxidant is used in conjunction with the solid oxidant. Such solid oxidants may include suitable elements, such as boron, or suitable reducible compounds, such as certain borates, borate glasses, silicates and silicate glasses of lower thermodynamic stability than the oxidation reaction product of the parent metal with the solid oxidant.
If a liquid oxidant is employed, the liquid oxidant may be dispersed throughout the entire volume of bed of filler material or a portion of the filler material adjacent to the molten metal, provided such liquid oxidant does not prevent access of the vapor-phase oxidant to the molten parent metal, if such vapor-phase oxidant is employed in conjunction with the liquid oxidant. Reference to a liquid oxidant means one which is liquid under the oxidation reaction conditions, and so a liquid oxidant may have a solid precursor, such as a salt, which is molten or liquid at the oxidation reaction conditions. Alternatively, the liquid oxidant may be a liquid precursor, e.g., a solution of a material, and which is melted or decomposed at the process conditions to provide a suitable oxidant moiety. Examples of liquid oxidants as herein defined include low melting glasses.
If a shaped preform is used, the preform should be sufficiently porous or permeable to allow the vapor-phase oxidant to permeate the preform and contact the molten parent metal, if a vapor-phase oxidant is employed. The preform also should be sufficiently permeable to accommodate growth of the oxidation reaction product within its boundaries without substantially disturbing, upsetting or otherwise altering its configuration or geometry. In the event the preform includes a solid oxidant and/or liquid oxidant, the preform then should be sufficiently porous or permeable to permit and accept growth of the oxidation reaction product originating from the solid and/or liquid oxidant.
The present invention provides in one embodiment a composite filler material which, when heated to a suitable temperature in an oxygen-containing atmoshere, provides an intrinsic source of a dopant material; that is, for example, silicon carbide as filler is an intrinsic source of silicon dioxide as a dopant. In certain applications it may be necessary or desirable to employ an additional dopant material to supplement that intrinsically supplied by the silicon source. When one or more dopants are used in addition to the silicon source, they: (1) may be provided as alloying constituents of the parent metal, (2) may be applied to at least a portion of the surface of the parent metal, or (3) may be applied to or incorporated into part or all of the filler material, or any combination of two or more of techniques (1), (2) and (3) may be employed. For example, a dopant alloyed with the parent metal may be used solely or in combination with a second externally applied dopant in conjunction with the silicic compound coating. In the case of technique (3), where additional dopant or dopants are applied to the filler material, the application may be accomplished in any suitable manner as explained in the Commonly Owned Patents Applications and Patent. The function or functions of a dopant material can depend upon a number of factors other than the dopant material itself. Such factors include, for example, the particular combination of dopants when two or more dopants are used, the use of an externally applied dopant in combination with a dopant alloyed with the parent metal, the concentration of the dopant, the oxidizing environment, and the process conditions.
Dopants useful in combination with a silicon source as dopant for the aluminum parent metal, particularly with air as the oxidant, include magnesium and zinc, which may be used in combination with other dopants, as described below. These metals, or a suitable source of the metals, may be alloyed into the aluminum-based parent metal at concentrations for each of between about 0.1-10% by weight based on the total weight of the resulting doped metal. Where desired, silicon metal may be alloyed with the parent metal to supplement the silicon source as coating on a filler. In such examples, a preferred magnesium concentration falls within the range of from about 0.1 to about 3% by weight, for silicon in the range of from about 1 to about 10% by weight, and for zinc when used with magnesium in the range of from about 1 to about 6% by weight. These dopant materials or a suitable source thereof (e.g. MgO and ZnO) may be used externally to the parent metal. Thus an alumina ceramic structure is achievable for the aluminum parent metal using air as the oxidant by using MgO as a dopant in an amount greater than about 0.0008 gram per gram of parent metal to be oxidized and greater than 0.003 gram per square centimeter of parent metal upon which the MgO is applied.
Additional examples of dopant materials effective with aluminum parent metals reactding with an oxygen-containing atmosphere include sodium, germanium, tin, lead, lithium, calcium, boron, phosphorus, and yttrium which may be used individually or in combination with one or more other dopants depending on the oxidant and process conditions. Rare earth elements such as cerium, lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, and samarium are also useful dopants, and herein again especially when used in combination with other dopants. All of the dopant materials as explained in the Commonly Owned Patent Applications and Patents, in addition to the coating of silicon source, are effective in promoting polycrystalline oxidation reaction product growth for the aluminum-based parent metal systems.
The ceramic composite product obtained by the practice of the present invention will usually be a coherent product wherein between about 5% and about 98% by volume of the total volume of the ceramic composite product is comprised of filler embedded by a polycrystalline ceramic matrix. The polycrystalline ceramic matrix is usually comprised of, when air or oxygen is the oxidant and an aluminum parent metal is employed, about 60% to about 99% by volume (of the volume of polycrystalline matrix) of interconnected α-aluminum oxide and about 1% to 40% by weight (same basis) of metallic constituents such as non-oxidized constituents of the parent metal or reduced metal from the dopant or the oxidant.
As disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 861,024, filed May 8, 1986, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,923,832 and assigned to the same assignee, a barrier means may be used in conjunction with the filler material to inhibit growth or development of the oxidation reaction product beyond the barrier. Suitable barrier means may be any material, compound, element, composition, or the like, which, under the process conditions of this invention, maintains some integrity, is not volatile, and preferably is permeable to a vapor-phase oxidant while being capable of locally inhibiting, poisoning, stopping, interfering with, preventing, or the like, continued growth of oxidation reaction product. Calcium sulfate (Plaster of Paris), calcium silicate, and portland cement and mixtures thereof, which are particularly useful with aluminum as the parent metal and an oxygen-containing gas oxidant, typically are applied as a slurry or paste to the surface of the filler material. These barrier means also may include a suitable combustible or volatile material that is eliminated on heating, or a material which decomposes on heating, in order to increase the porosity and permeability of the barrier means. Still further, the barrier means may include a suitable refractory particulate to reduce any possible shrinkage or cracking which otherwise may occur during the process. Such a particulate having substantially the same coefficient of expansion as that of the filler bed is especially desirable. For example, if the preform comprises alumina and the resulting ceramic comprises alumina, the barrier may be admixed with alumina particulate, desirably having a mesh size of about 20-1000.
The following examples illustrate the practice of certain aspects of the invention.
In accordance with the present invention, a cermic structure was fabricated comprising an alumina oxidation reaction product embedding β-SiC whiskers supplied by NIKKEI TECHNO-RESEARCH COMPANY, LTD., initially coated with either a commercial colloidal silica (Ludox HS-30 from Du Pont Company) or a sodium silicate solution (40�-42� Baume) as supplemental sources of silicon.
Three preforms, measuring 2 inches in diameter and 3/8 inch thick, were made by mixing three separate batches of β-SiC whiskers with a liquid medium, pouring the resulting slurry into a mold, and then degassing and drying in a vacuum dissicator. The liquid media that were mixed with the β-SiC whiskers included distilled water as a control, colloidal silica, and sodium silicate solution. The preforms were placed on a bed of 90 grit E1 Alundum (from Norton Company) contained in a refractory boat. Aluminum alloy ingots (No. 712.2) with the same diameter as the preforms had one side coated with a thin layer of sand, and the coated side of each ingot was placed in contact with the upper surface of a preform. This setup was placed in a furnace and heated to 900� C. in 5 hours. This temperature was held for 36 hours, and the setup was cooled to ambient temperature in 5 hours. The infiltration of the alumina oxidation reaction product was negligible in the preform containing only the β-SiC whiskers (the control using distilled water). The β-SiC whiskers coated with colloidal silica were infiltrated through the entire thickness of the preform. The infiltration of the β-SiC whiskers with sodium silicate solution occurred to approximately the center of the preform.
In accordance with the present invention, a ceramic composite structure was fabricated comprising an alumina oxidation reaction product embedding particles of silicon carbide filler material (39 Crystolon, 500 grit from Norton Co.) initially coated with colloidal silica (Ludox HS-30, from Du Pont Company, 30% solution) as a source of silicon.
The colloidal silica coating on the silicon carbide particles was done by preparing two preforms measuring 2�2�1/2 inches by sediment casting into a rubber mold a mixture of silicon carbide particles (500 grit) and colloidal silica at a two-to-one powder to liquid ratio. Upon setting up and drying, one of the preforms was crushed and passed 100% through 100 mesh. This crushed colloidal silica coated silicon carbide was then sediment cast again utilizing a 2% acrylic latex binder (Elmer's Wood Glue, Borden Co.). A preform identical to those above was prepared with silicon carbide not coated with colloidal silica utilizing only the latex binder.
Three bars of aluminum alloy 712 (having a nominal composition by weight of 0.15% Si, 0.6% Mg, 6% Zn) were placed into a refractory bed of Wollastonite fibers (NYAD FP from Petty-Rowley Chemical Co.) which was contained in a refractory vessel, such that one 2�2 face of each bar was exposed to the atmosphere and substantially flush with the bed. The three above-described preforms were placed one each on top of the alloy bars such that one 2�2 face of each respective preform and alloy were substantially aligned. A layer of Wollastonite fibers was dispersed over the top of the preforms to mitigate overgrowth of the ceramic matrix beyond the preform boundaries. This setup was placed into a furnace and heated up over 10 hours to 1000� C. The furnace was held at 1000� C. for 80 hours, and cooled down to ambient over 10 hours. The setup was removed from the furnace, and the resulting ceramic composite structures were recovered. The resulting composites were sandblasted lightly to remove unembedded preform materials. FIGS. 1(a), 1(b), 2(a), and 2(b) are photographs of the resulting composite materials utilizing preforms with the colloidal silica coating (FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) involving the recast preform), which illustrate good growth; and FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) show the resulting composite utilizing no silica coating. As apparent from the figures, the preforms employing the silica coated particles were embedded substantially to their dimensional boundaries, while the non-silica containing preform showed substantially less infiltration by the ceramic matrix.
In accordance with the present invention, a ceramic composite structure was fabricated comprising an alumina oxidation reaction product embedding particles of boron nitride which were coated with silicon.
A bar of aluminum alloy 380.1 (from Belmont Metals, having a nominally identified composition by weight of 8-8.5% Si, 2-3% Zn, and 0.1% Mg as active dopants, and 3.5% Cu as well as Fe, Mn, and Ni, but the Mg content was sometimes higher as in the range of 0.17-0.18%) was submerged into a bed of boron nitride particles (approximately 50 mesh size). The boron nitride particles were coated with silicon (accomplished by chemical vapor deposition) to protect the boron nitride from degradation and to serve as a source of silicon dopant, which supplemented the silicon source in the alloy. This bed was contained in a refractory vessel. This setup was placed into a furnace which had an opening to facilitate the passage of air, and heated up over 5 hours to 1100� C. The furnace was held at 1100� C. for 48 hours, and cooled down to ambient. The resulting ceramic composite was recovered. FIG. 4 is a photomicrograph at 50�of the composite which shows the alumina matrix 2 embedding the particles of boron nitride 4 still bearing some of the silicon coating 6.
The above examples demonstrate the utility of a filler material with a silicon source having intrinsic doping properties for enhancing composite formation. Although only a few exemplary embodiments of this invention have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention embraces many variations other than those exemplified.
This example illustrates the use of a prefired preform in the technique of the instant invention.
A preform was prepared by first mixing 1000 grit green SiC particles (supplied by Exolon-ESK Company of Tonawanda, N.Y. under the tradename "Carbolon" F-1000). Polyvinyl Alcohol (supplied by DuPont of Wilmington, Del. under the tradename Elavanol 75-15), distilled H2 O and (optionally) small amounts of kerosene. The Polyvinyl Alcohol and distilled H2 O were mixed together and then added to the SiC particles which were contained within a beaker. The mixture, consisting of the Polyvinyl Alcohol, distilled H2 O and SiC particles were then stirred for approximately 5 minutes before the kerosene was added. The final mixture was stirred for an additional 10 minutes and was composed by weight of approximately 90.5% SiC particles, 1.2% polyvinyl alcohol, 8.3% distilled H2 O and optionally small amounts of kerosene (e.g., less than 1 weight percent). Subsequent to the stirring step, the mixture was sieved through a 20 mesh screen and the resultant powder was uniaxially dry pressed in a die with a pressing load of 19000 kbs force (thus resulting in a pressure of about 15,000 psi). The die had a 32 mm inner diameter. The pressure was maintained for approximately 10 seconds resulting in a preform being 7 mm thick and having a 32 mm diameter. The preform was then removed from the die. Twenty-one preforms were made from the above-described mixture and process. These preforms were placed on top of "Fiberfrax" strips supplied by Carborundum Company, Niagara Falls, N.Y. which were situated on top of a refractory tray. These strips prevented contact between the preforms and the refractory tray. The assembly, consisting of the Fiberfrax strips and preforms, was placed within a resistance heated furnace and heated in air from ambient temperature to 1100� C. over 10 hours. The preforms were held at 1100� C. in air for 5 hours and then ramped to ambient over 8 hours. The preforms were weighed before and after this prefiring step to determine the amount of silica that had developed as a coating on the outside of the SiC particles. The average preform, after prefiring, increased 7.9% by weight, volatiles excluded. This increase was due to the formation of silica which developed during the prefiring step, and which amounted to 22% of the sample weight after prefiring.
The prefired preforms were then entirely coated with a barrier material except for one face. This barrier material comprised by weight 53% fine grained Wollastonite (10 micron mean diameter) 1% Polyvinyl Alcohol Elvanol 75-15, and 46% distilled H2 O. The face which was not coated with a barrier material was coated with an initiator layer comprising a slurry of 29% by weight 500 grit silicon metal, obtained from Atlantic Equipment Engineers, Bergenfield, N.J., and 71% distilled water. The coated preforms were then dried in an oven for 2 hours at 150� F. Four 1/2" by 2" by 9" ingots of a parent metal aluminum alloy having the approximate composition by weight 7.5-9.5% Si, 3.0-4.0% Cu, <2.9% Zn, <1.5% Fe, <0.5% Mn, <0.5% Ni, <0.35% Sn and <0.18% Mg were placed on top of a bed of coarse grain wollastonite particulate "Nyad SP" , NYCO, Inc., contained within a refractory boat comprised of 3000 Castable obtained from New Castle/Corundite Refractories, New Castle, Del. The ingots were disposed within the wollastonite so that only the uppermost surfaces thereof were exposed to the atmosphere. The assembly, consisting of the refractory boat and its contents, was placed within a resistance heated furnace at ambient temperature. Fourteen of the preforms were placed within the furnace but separate from the assembly. The furnace temperature, was ramped from ambient to 900� C. over 5 hrs. At this temperature the parent metal ingots formed a molten pool of parent metal. Seven of the 14 preforms that were in the furnace were immediately placed on the surface of the molten parent metal (after the surface had been scraped of any air grown oxidation reaction product) upon the furnace reaching 900� C. After 5 hours at 900� C., the furnace temperature was reduced to 875� C. and the remaining 7 preforms were placed on the surface of the molten parent metal. At this time, the last 7 preforms, which had been held at ambient room temperature, were also placed on the molten parent metal surface. The furnace was held at 875� C. for 100 hours and then ramped to 700� C. over 2 hours. The preforms, which had now been infiltrated by the polycrystalline oxidation reaction product of the molten parent metal and the air atmosphere, were removed from the molten parent metal surface and placed on a rack inside the same furnace. The furnace, containing the infiltrated preforms, was permited to cool for about 5 hours to a temperature of approximately 300� C. before the infiltrated preforms were removed. The infiltrated preforms were then sandblasted to remove any remaining barrier material and residual parent metal. What remained after the sandblasting step were self-supporting ceramic composite bodies which substantially duplicated the shape of the original preforms.
FIGS. 5A through 5D are photomicrographs taken at 50� of a cross-section in the oxidation reaction product growth direction (7 mm cross-section) of a sample selected from the group of preforms that were placed on the molten parent metal surface at 900� C. after being preheated within the furnace.
FIGS. 6A through 6D are photomicrographs taken at 50� of a cross-section in the oxidation reaction product growth direction (7 mm cross-section) of a sample selected from the group of preforms that were placed on the molten parent metal surface at 875� C. after being preheated within the furnace.
FIGS. 7A through 7D are photomicrographs taken at 50� of a cross-section in the oxidation reaction product growth direction (7 mm cross-section) of a sample selected from the group of preforms that were held at ambient temperature before being placed on the molten parent metal surface at 875� C.
Each set of the above-described photomicrographs, when connected A-B-C-D, form an approximately continuous photomicrograph at 50� of the 7 mm cross-section of the preform described. The "A" end is the face which was in contact with the parent metal alloy and the D end is the face which was in contact with the air oxidant and covered by barrier material.
The black areas represent porosity, the dark grey areas Al2 O3, the light grey areas SiC and the white areas Al alloy.
As illustrated in Example 4, and described elsewhere in the specification, it is possible to prefire a preform comprising a silicon compound or silicic precursor and thereby create a silicon source coating on at least a portion of the particles comprising the preform.
It is believed that a silicon source concentration gradient may result within the prefired preform due to varying the length of time that the preform is prefired or due to varying the temperature at which the preform is prefired, or both. Such concentration gradients could occur because the prefiring atmosphere may not have sufficient time to penetrate to the center regions of the preform thus resulting in a greater conversion near the surface relative to the center regions of the preform; or a temperature gradient may develop within the preform which also may lead to concentration gradients therein. It is expected that this silicon source concentration gradient would be most prevalent in larger (especially thicker) preforms. Such a silicon source concentration gradient could result in a final product having graded properties.
The above examples demonstrate the utility of a filler material with a silicon source having intrinsic doping properties for enhancing composite formation. Although only a few exemplary embodiments of this invention have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention embraces many variations other than those exemplified.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 29, 1951
|Apr 17, 1956
|Carborundum Co
|Preparation of refractory products
|Sep 7, 1962
|Jun 7, 1966
|Du Pont
|Refractory product and process
|Jul 11, 1963
|Jan 3, 1967
|Du Pont
|Refractory shapes
|Mar 22, 1963
|Jan 17, 1967
|Du Pont
|Process for preparing hollow refractory particles
|Jun 26, 1964
|Dec 31, 1968
|Minnesota Mining & Mfg
|Partially nitrided aluminum refractory material
|Mar 4, 1966
|Jan 14, 1969
|Texas Instruments Inc
|Cermet material and method of making same
|May 6, 1966
|Apr 8, 1969
|Du Pont
|Alumina-spinel composite material
|Apr 5, 1968
|Oct 21, 1969
|Du Pont
|Process for making high strength refractory structures
|Jul 13, 1965
|Oct 21, 1969
|Du Pont
|Method of making thin-walled refractory structures
|Mar 25, 1969
|Nov 3, 1970
|Intern Materials
|Oxidation resistant high temperature structures
|Dec 28, 1967
|Jan 29, 1974
|Kaman Sciences Corp
|Method of impregnating porous refractory bodies with inorganic chromium compound
|Nov 9, 1972
|Feb 4, 1975
|Us Army
|Ceramic-metal systems by infiltration
|Oct 6, 1975
|Aug 10, 1976
|Corning Glass Works
|Making spinel and aluminum-base metal cermet
|Jan 15, 1986
|Dec 15, 1987
|Lanxide Technology Company, Lp
|Novel ceramic materials and methods for making same
|Jul 6, 1987
|Jul 11, 1989
|Lanxide Technology Company, Lp
|Method of making ceramic composites
|Jan 17, 1986
|Jul 25, 1989
|Lanxide Technology Company, Lp
|Methods of making composite ceramic articles having embedded filler
|Jun 23, 1988
|Aug 1, 1989
|Lanxide Technology Company, Lp
|Method of making self-supporting ceramic materials and materials made thereby
|Aug 13, 1986
|Aug 22, 1989
|Lanxide Technology Company, Lp
|Method of making ceramic composite articles with shape replicated surfaces
|Feb 16, 1983
|Aug 29, 1984
|MOLTECH Invent S.A.
|Cermets and their manufacture
|Mar 15, 1985
|Sep 25, 1985
|Lanxide Technology Company, Lp.
|Novel ceramic materials and methods of making same
|Jul 17, 1985
|Jan 22, 1986
|Lanxide Technology Company, Lp.
|Methods of making self-supporting ceramic materials
|Feb 4, 1986
|Sep 3, 1986
|Lanxide Technology Company, Lp.
|Composite ceramic articles and methods of making the same
|"Oxidation of Molten Aluminum Alloys, Reaction with Refractories"--M. Drouzy and M. Richard--Mar., 1974, Fonderie, France No. 332, pp. 121-128.
|"Refractories for Aluminum Alloy Melting Furnaces"--B. Clavaud and V. Jost--Sep., 1980--Lillian Brassinga (from French) Jan., 1985.
|Oxidation of Molten Aluminum Alloys, Reaction with Refractories M. Drouzy and M. Richard Mar., 1974, Fonderie, France No. 332, pp. 121 128.
|Refractories for Aluminum Alloy Melting Furnaces B. Clavaud and V. Jost Sep., 1980 Lillian Brassinga (from French) Jan., 1985.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 20, 1992
|Sep 21, 1993
|Lanxide Technology Company, Lp
|Method of making ceramic composites
|Jan 21, 1993
|May 30, 1995
|Lanxide Technology Company, Lp
|Methods of making composite aluminum nitride ceramic articles having embedded filler
|May 26, 1995
|Aug 5, 1997
|Lanxide Technology Company, Lp
|Methods of making composite ceramic articles having embedded filler
|Jul 25, 1996
|Aug 11, 1998
|Futuristic Tile L.L.C.
|Decorative construction material
|U.S. Classification
|501/89, 501/88, 501/128, 264/82, 428/378, 264/332
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 23, 1995
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 16, 1999
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Apr 23, 2000
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jul 4, 2000
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20000421


text:
The Renner for Mayor campaign in Bloomington is seeking 3-4 students to help us bring a victory to Tari Renner's Re-Election in Spring 2017.
- Interns will work 10-15 hours per week
- Receive class credit
- Work with the campaign's Social Media
- Make Phone calls on behalf of the campaign
- Knock on Doors to help us Get out The Vote
- Help organize fundraisers
- Data Entry
- Research
- Any other essential duties
Work closely with the campaign committee and learn how a municipal campaign functions.
EMAIL: email@example.com with the subject INTERNSHIP Please include a letter of interest, resume as well as your estimated class schedule for the Spring Semester.


text:
Line 6 M13 Stompbox Modeler Guitar Multi Effects Pedal
Line 6 M13 Stompbox Modeler is the essential all-in-one pedal board experience that features a comprehensive collection of the most sought-after stomp...
1 reviews from the community
Review of "Line 6 M13 Stompbox Modeler Guitar Multi Effects Pedal"
"Makes for great chemistry with your experimental side"
I have owned Line 6's M13 Stompbox for a few years now. It has proved itself a faithful stompbox, a fantastic compliment to my musical kit for a whole host of reasons. The most important is the remarkable range of sounds it provides is remarkable: over one hundred distinctive sounds. Experimenting with such an array of sounds, some which travel to the edge of the unusual, others which hark back to the classic sounds of famous amps of legendary past musicians, is something I found to be endless fun. It would probably have been adequate had that one hundred sounds been the extent of this perticular stombox's amplifying powers. But, in my opinion, an even better oppertunity arrises from the ability to mix together the different sounds and ultimately create unique exciting sounds through the pre-provided aural building blocks. It is rather inexhaustable.
Of course one might, as I did, fear any experiment might be lost without the ability to record. That is a fear quickly quenched by the M13. It comes ready-made with a loop pedal to store any sound you may create, stumble accross or design. Its great to be able to store some unique sounds, to experiment over them, and to in essence become a one man band. And you can even use the looper pedal in isolation as tool to hear yourself play, to recognise where your playing is weak, and to work on it. This pedal certaintly helped my playing get better through this feature and it is an undeniable positive.
As far as negatives go, the main stumbling block for a potential buyer might be the frankly hefty price. Is this box proving value
for money, one might ask? My advice would be a qualified yes. The sounds offered make the M13 far better value than individual pieces of equipment that offer only a fifth of the sounds and none of the experimental potential that so bequiles me about the M13. But at the same time I urge you to remember the sounds the M13, while varied and very good, are only imitations. They are not perfect and you will not be getting Hendrix's amp when you plug into one of the distortion features. So if perfection is your musical game, no, the M13 will not provide you value for money, and only fustration.
So I like the M13. It is a wonderful piece of kit for the experimental child in every musician. But it is not cheap and it is value only for its range of sounds, not for the undisputable quality of their imitations.
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Nar2 published 16/03/2012Good review - however adding a price and any accessories you get would be beneficial to any new buyer.
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Product Information : Line 6 M13 Stompbox Modeler Guitar Multi Effects Pedal
Manufacturer's product descriptionLine 6 M13 Stompbox Modeler is the essential all-in-one pedal board experience that features a comprehensive collection of the most sought-after stompbox sounds, a full-featured looper and super-heavy-duty all-metal construction. Without complicated menus or presets, Line 6 M13 Stompbox Modeler channels the soul and ease of a stompbox. Boasting over 75 immortal stompbox effects including distortions, reverbs, delays (including sounds from our best-selling DL4 delay pedal), and so much more, reach into Line 6 M13 Stompbox Modeler for access to many of history?s most celebrated sounds. Use up to four different sounds?or four of the same?simultaneously. Each stompbox model features dedicated knobs for instant tweaking. The 28-second looper is always at the ready with dedicated footswitches for Play/Stop, Half-Speed, Reverse, Undo and more. All Line 6 M13 Stompbox Modeler?s metal footswitches can withstand constant stomping and rock and roll-style abuse. Use any sound, in any arrangement, with any of the 12 footswitches. Create different pedal board setups, or ?scenes?, for instant recall of an entire gig?s or song?s stompbox sounds. Save up to 12 scenes and back them up to your computer using the MIDI in/out. Super-easy, super-solid and featuring a built-in chromatic tuner, toss Line 6 M13 Stompbox Modeler on stage and hit the ground running.
Product Details
Long Name: M13 Stompbox Modeler Guitar Multi Effects Pedal
Type: Effects Pedals
Manufacturer: Line 6
Listed on Ciao since: 22/04/2009


text:
David Kopaska-Merkel edits and publishes Dreams and Nightmares, a magazine of science fiction and fantasy poetry. By day he describes rocks for the state of Alabama and by night tries to avoid tubes of paint and brushes left around the house by three resident artists. His magazine, and some of his writing, can be found at places like www.dailycabal.com, genremall.com, and spechouseofpoetry.com.
Photo by Andrew K. Rindsberg.
Poem (with W. Gregory Stewart):
The Gates,
He who sits at God's left hand
has one hell of a right-hand Man…. " (October, 2007)


text:
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Java Draw Created Dec 09, 2012 1024 x 736px Unless noted Copyright 2012 sistercool.
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beautiful! wat splendid reflections in da ice, i like da reindeer n house in da bg 2- looks lovely-fav
Wonderful...nice reflections too :) 5h


text:
I had the pleasure of reading REWORK by John Fried & David Heinemeier, Founders of 37 Signals, a web-based app company. I learned of this book while reading a blog post; requested it from the library shortly thereafter; and completed it within three days. That's how good it was.
Fried & Heinemeier were speaking to me directly as a business owner. They pretty much countered everything we learned in our business classes and in corporate America. In other words, they "un-brainwashed" us business owners.
They had my attention with the very first chapter, "Ignore the Real World". Who could not want to know what followed that title?? The authors wrote: "The real world doesn't accept new and fresh ideas; but they work." As a creative who is always coming up with new ideas, this tells me that my new ideas are going to be rejected by the masses even though they are effective. This also tells me that I have to be very creative in positioning my products and services.
Other things we need to REWORK this year:
- Write your business plan as you are working, otherwise you are just guessing.
- Why grow into a large company when you can run effectively and efficiently with 10 or fewer staff members?
- Always keep why – things you believe in – front and center.
- "Great businesses have a point of view, not just a product or service"
- You don't have to do as much in your business as you think you do. Take a good inventory and decide what needs to be done.
- Limited resources force you to make do with what you've got.
- Limit your products and service offerings initially. You will be more successful.
- Don't wait for the perfect solution. Decide and move forward.
- Things you leave out matters.
- Don't wait for perfection; get your products out there.
- Reduce your "to do" list to smaller lists. Put your most important things at the top.
- Make "you" part of your product or service to protect from copycats. Don't be afraid to be you.
- Solve simple problems and let your competitors do the hard work.
- Give away something for free as long as you got something to sell.
- Know how to do everything in your business so you will know what a job well done looks like.
- Hire great writers; Respond immediately to people; Say you're sorry.
- You don't create a culture, it happens.
I don't want to give the whole book away, but REWORK is a great read and excellent way to begin your new year. To order the book and to learn more about John Fried & David Heinemeier and 37 Signals, visit firstname.lastname@example.com. You will not be disappointed.
Image: 37signals.com


text: LG proprietary touch technology can draw clean and accurate diagonal lines through controlling multi-touch gestures in great precision. It can be used in various high-traffic locations such as subway and exhibition halls for interactive way-finding and informational purposes with improved 10 points touch monitors. LG premium signage display is highly durable, seven days per week for virtually continuous business use.


text:
Pilot Happy Writing Study Pack with Rollerballs, Ballpoint, Gel Pen and Highlighter
Item #: WW-200030396
Brand Pilot
Not yet rated.Be the first to Write a Review
Inc VAT £5.51 Inc VAT each
Deliver to UK Mainland Order till 19:00 today and get it tomorrow
Product Highlights
- Brands: Pilot
- The Pilot Happy Writing Study Pack includes all the essential pens for writing, revising and note-taking.
- This study set packs all the essential pens into one compact, easy-to-carry set. The pack includes the Hi-Tecpoint V5 rollerball, which is ideal for free-flowing and intricate writing. Its extra fine 0.5 mm tip ensures neat and fine lines, and is ideal for note-taking. The Acroball Pure White ballpoint features a balanced design and ergonomic grip which makes revision extremely comfortable. The FriXion Ball erasable gel pen uses smooth thermo-sensitive gel ink that can be removed using the eraser stud on end of the pen, and which is ideal for use in the classroom. The set moreover includes one FriXion Light erasable highlighter. This highlighter allows you to underline, highlight and write, and then erase it afterwards.
- | Set of 5 different pens
- | 2 x Hi-Tecpoint V5 rollerball (black)
- | 1 x Acroball Pure White ballpoint (Green ink)
- | 1 x FriXion Ball erasable gel pen (blue)
- | 1 x FriXion Light erasable highlighter (yellow)
- | Set has compact design which is easy to take on-the-go
|Brands : Pilot


text:
I'm pretty sure that you have seen the recent interview or at least heard about Oprah talking her network OWN and how it might have been a mistake. Or maybe you have only heard the negative things about the network where it seems that people forget that it's brand new and new things always take time. Too many people have the attention span of fleas and don't give anything a chance anymore before they hate on something. Sure, it's got some flaws but doesn't everything when it first starts out? I haven't known any business or startup to not have problems from the start or even during the run because as well all know (or should know) that not in everything in life goes according to plan.
I don't know if many of you remember when TLC was just coming about and really the only show they had on there that was a hit was "Trading Spaces." From that show on, the network continued to grow. If you've ever seen the very first videos for the Weather Channel, you will see that the hosts actually dressed up and it was more of a knee slap laugh than about the weather. But look at what it is now and how large it became. Why? Because it takes time.
Below is the clip where the interviewed Oprah and she admits to if she had a chance to do it over, that she might not have launched OWN.
Why is Oprah a great entrepreneur?


text:
The perfect entry into the Star Wars roleplaying experience for players
of all skill levels, The Force Awakens™ Beginner Game introduces a
complete, learn-as-you-go adventure that carries you from the sands of
Jakku deep into the heart of a mystery that could change the course of
the galaxy. Everything you need is right at hand. Pre-generated character
folios introduce the basic rules, while custom dice and an exciting
narrative gameplay system advance your story with every roll. Open the
box, select your character, and let the Force flow through you!
|Barcode #
|Board Games
Be The First To Review This Product!
Help other Dungeon Crawl users shop smarter by writing reviews for products you have purchased.


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Howard Cowan. Here's a Snap Shot. Ability to lead, direct and work well with other people Self Motivated Academically Successful Proficiency with Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, Pinnacle Studio11 Hands on experience as a video journalist with a news station 375 S. 9 th Street #4803
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.
Here's a Snap Shot
Student-in-Residence for Accessible Instructional Materials
San Jose State —San Jose, CA/ October '09
Responsibilities include: Creating accessible documents in Word and PowerPoint forms, helping faculty convert documents to accessible forms
Burger King Team Member
Spartan Shops and Burger King– San Jose, CA and Auburn, CA/ October '08 to October '09 and June '09 to August '09
Responsibilities included: Creating specialized sandwiches and burgers, expediting food, taking orders, handling money, restocking supplies, and demonstrating excellent customer service
KCRA 3 High School Playbook Sideline Reporter
KCRA/KQCA-TV– Sacramento, CA / July '07 to May '08
Responsibilities included: Interviewing, shooting video footage, posting of videos for the web, managing state-of-the-art video equipment; editing video, writing: voiceover and blogs; interacting with large groups in a professional setting.
SFLL Baseball Umpire
Meadow Vista/Colfax, CA / April '04 to June '07
Responsibilities included: Interacting with coaches and parents, making judgment calls, teaching skills of the game.
Camp Counselor
Camp Tamarack– Shaver Lake, CA June '04 to July '07
Responsibilities included: total responsibility for six to eight young boys (ages nine to twelve); supervision during hikes, overnight trips, swimming activities, sports
Youth Boys Basketball Coach
ARD Summer League–Auburn, CA May '06 to July '06
Responsibilities included: Teaching: the basics, simple plays, teamwork, integrity, and scheduling practices.
High School
BS, Journalism
Emphasis in Radio/Television/News
Minor: Humanities
San Jose State University
San Jose, CA
General Education
Colfax High School
Colfax, CA
Academic Fellowships
& Performance
Cynthia Rostankowski: Associate Professor-Humanities/Faculty-in- Residence for Accessible Instructional Materials-College of Humanities
[email protected], (408) 924-4508
Ray Stacy: Store Manager- Auburn Burger King
(530) 889-9600
Danielle Price:Supervisor- Spartan Shops: Burger King
[email protected], (530) 305-9231
Aaron Slavik: Digital Production Manager- KCRA/KQCA-TV
[email protected], (916) 325-3746
Stephanie Fowler: Head Umpiring Coordinator-SFLL
(530) 878-8266
Work History
Volunteer Work