text:
Mike Tyson Heavyweight Boxing
Enter at the press start screen:
Code Effect Down, Up, B, X 2-D Mode X, B, Up, Down Big Heads Right, Left, B, X Flat Mode X, B, L, R Platinum Mode X, B, Down, Up Small Heads
Contributed By: Kilcrease, coolryan3, and SS3 Grown Trunks.
Unlock Champ Mode
Win the Gold Belt and defeat Mike Tyson to get the Champ Mode.
Unlock Mike 2 Versions
Win the Gold Belt to unlock Mike Tyson and to unlock the early version of Mike Tyson, Iron Mike, win the Mike Tyson Challenge.
Know Something We Don't?
You can submit new cheats for this game and help our users gain an edge.
Have We Been Fooled?
You can submit a problem report for any non-working or fake code in the lists above.


text:
Galaxy Note 4 review
A giant phablet that oozes enterprise appeal
Review detailsHide
Our verdict
The Galaxy Note 4 offers offers fast performance, decent camera quality, and above average battery life coupled with a number of useful security services. However, at over £600 Sim-free, the device is somewhat costly.
Great screen, S Pen, decent performance, above average camera and battery
Only 32GB of storage, relatively expensive
£ 630
Processor: Quad-core Qualcomm Snapdragon 805
Display: 5.7in QHD 2560x1440, 515ppi Super Amoled display
Storage: 32GB, microSD
Camera: 16MP with optical image stabilisation (OIS) rear and 3.7MP front
Connectivity: 4G LTE, WiFi, GPS, Bluetooth 4.0, NFC
Operating system: Android 4.4.4 Kitkat with Touchwiz
Dimensions: 154x79x8.5mm
Weight: 176g
Battery: 3,229mAh
Big screen smartphones are an increasingly popular item in most businesses, and for good reason. While large-screen smartphones aren't trouser pocket friendly, the extra screen real estate makes them much more convenient to use for productivity purposes, such as document editing and emails.
Aware of this, Korean tech giant Samsung has been working hard to refine its Galaxy Note series of phablets for the enterprise, loading each new device with a number of custom security and productivity aids.
Unveiled at IFA in September, the Galaxy Note 4 is touted by Samsung as the pinnacle of this endeavour, and is being marketed as the ultimate business smartphone.
Design and build
At a glance the Galaxy Note 4 looks a lot like the Galaxy Note 3, and features a glass front, metal sides and detachable fake leather finish rear backplate. However, up close there are a number of design differences between the two.
Samsung has made the Galaxy Note 4's sides slightly rounded. It's a small change, but we feel it made the Galaxy Note 4 significantly more comfortable to hold than most phablets.
That said, measuring 154x79x8.5mm and weighing 176g it is still noticeably larger than the average smartphone and remains awkward to use one handed for many people, especially those with dainty hands.
Making up for this, Samsung has equipped the Galaxy Note 4 with a reworked S Pen stylus docked in the bottom right edge of the casing.
Samsung claims that the new S Pen is twice as pressure sensitive as that on the Note 3. Testing the S Pen we found there's certainly some truth to this claim, and it made using the Galaxy Note 4 for work purposes significantly easier than on other phablets. More on this later.
The Galaxy Note 4 is the first phablet to include Samsung's custom fingerprint scanner. The scanner is built into the Galaxy Note 4's front-facing physical home button and allows the device to be set to unlock only after its owner has proved their identity.
As an added perk, the Galaxy Note 4 can be set to approve certain actions, such as NFC payments, only after the owner has authenticated their identity using the scanner.
Considering the ongoing security concerns about data protection in most businesses' IT departments, we can see the scanner being a big selling point for enterprise customers.
Build quality was another area in which the Galaxy Note 4 impressed. While we've not always been the biggest fans of Samsung designs - the removable backplate is often flimsy, for example - the Galaxy Note 4 does feel well built.
Testing the handset we found the Galaxy Note 4 is reasonably scratch and drop resistant and managed to survive an accidental encounter with our office floor unscathed.
Next: Display and operating system.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
- Meal can be requested on the spot
Best offer
30.64 € / person / night, no meal
Description of the Accommodation
Rooms, services Hotel Prime Bytom is offering 91 tasfefully furnished, nice rooms for those looking for a place to stay at in Bytom. The hotel is offering you freshly prepared fine local meals in its restaurant every day. Car parking possibility is available nearby. For recreational purposes you may try the wellness services provided by the hotel, <a/an> steam room will also be waiting for you. The local gym will provide a great opportunity to do sports and exercises. The bar can be an ideal place for a meeting or a pleasant evening talk. You can secure your valuables in the safe. Wireless Internet connection (WiFi) is available at the hotel, ensuring that you can stay up-to-date during your holiday. An exact and detailed list of equipment in the rooms and of the services provided by Hotel Prime Bytom you will find on the information sheet below, including any applicable additional fees.
Payment Depeding on the selected room, date and price, you may be asked to provide credit card guarantee or to pay by credit card in advance.
Arrival, opening hours The earliest check-in time to your room is 12:00, the latest check-out time from your room is 14:00. You will be able to speak with the personnel in English and Polish languages.
Hotel Prime Bytom rooms Rooms
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Accommodation services
Free WiFi in shared places
- Wellness section, relaxation
- Steam room
- Jacuzzi
- Finnish sauna
Pet friendly (30 €/night), Bar, Elevator, Safe deposit box
Own restaurant
Desk in the room


text:
GraphicRiver Dark Form pack 115861
Photoshop \ Web Element \ Forms
Gaming \ Designs \ Designed \ Websites \ Application \ Interfaces \ Specifically
Web Element - Dark Form pack 115861 by 723media @ GraphicRiver
Photoshop \ Web Element \ Forms
5 Fully editable PSD form designs.
Each form was created using Vector Shapes and stylized using Layer Styles.
These are the PSD files only. These are pre-coded form designs.
Forms were specifically designed for dark websites and application interfaces. These would be great for gaming sites.
Layered: Yes; Graphics Files Included: Photoshop PSD; Pixel Dimensions: 800x2400.
Keywords: black, blue, clean, dark, dark background, forms, gaming forms, gold, green, professional, tech, white, yellow.


text:
I wanted something more all around bike for now.
Something i can take on mountain trails and then ride around the city and parks too.
As i'm a noob at all of this, i don't really need to get too specific getting a trials bike or a DH mtb. So i felt the Specialized P2 was the best all around.
But i think i could do a better job building up from a frame. I was looking for specialized frames but couldn't find any.
You've got any recommendations there??
I'ld like something light as it'll be better for trials.
youll **** a light frame doin dh/freeriding thats why my frame is chromo.
ive a 16" fury frame for sale (its my frame before the kona) i changed before i wrecked it as it was too nice to wreck!!!.
i take my jump bike up howth, drogheda, wicklow, town skate parks.
the bombers are fantastic you can adjust them for dh, all mountain, xc what ever.
saracen make decent cheap bikes, check out irish dh for sale section, there are heaps of savage 2nd hand bikes for sale there....hopw much are you looking to spend??
I was looking to spend as much as to get me a Specialized P.2 cromo which costs about €850.
Anything cheaper than that would be great. I don't really have much to spend here.
I liked the P2's frame geometry and i herd it had a really strong frame which you could really trash around. Then i could practice some basic stuff like wheelies, manuals, bunny hops, pedal kicks on it, and could also then take it down some DH trial.
Acutally found this..
Might go for it instead and upgrade the components. Probably add gears to it.
Whats your take at it??
Btw thanks for telling me bout the irish dh site...!
buy it!!! but make sure there is a dropout for gears!!!! and the frame can take em!!!
for 500 youd have a frame and a set of bombers!!!!!, then buy a carrera vulcan for e300 and rape it for parts, et voila a nice jump bike!!
Too late, its sold!!!
Though i'll keep looking.
The P2 already comes with bombers though.
what ones??
youd get a set of JNR T or all mountain1 for in around e300-e400
for e800 youd get a kona shred., or a 16" kona hoss(bomb proof all ounder)
The Specialized P2 cromo comes with Marzocchi DJ3 fork... It looks pretty descent.
Kona shred looks pretty much same as P2. Difference is it's got an alluminium frame and has a slightly different frame geometry. Slightly more expensive too.
Kona hoss is a little expensive too.
Well i think for now i'ld just go with the P2. I like specialized bikes and i like P2's shape.
Just gotta get the bike soon and hit the roads, parks, mountains, whatever comes in the way and my imagination!!
the DJ3 are very stiff, great for, dirt jump, and foolin round, but for drops they are hard on the wrists etc, although if you are doing more dirt jumping then they will be sweet!!!
Don't think i'll be doing any big drops anytime soon... As i'm just a beginner at this...
The DJ3's stiff suspension should probably do well for urban assault/trials riding n all which is what i'ld be doing more of for now.
I'll probably just change the fork later when i get into more extreme freeriding... or probably save up enough to get the specialized demo...!


text:
search for books and compare prices
Dan Rubel has written 3 work(s)
Search for other authors with the same name
displaying 1 to 3 | at end
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9780321774156 | 4th edition (Addison-Wesley Professional, May 25, 2016), cover price $59.99 | About this edition: Eclipse is far more than the leading Java IDE: it's an open source platform for creating extensible integrated tools and rich client applications of all kinds.
9788441526235 | Anaya Multimedia-Anaya Interactiva, June 30, 2009, cover price $80.95 | About this edition: Eclipse es un entorno de desarrollo integrado de código abierto multiplatafomra extensible para integrar herramientas.
9780321553461, titled "Eclipse Plug-Ins: Building Commercial-quality Plug-ins" | 3 edition (Prentice Hall, December 26, 2008), cover price $59.99 | About this edition: Producing a commercial-quality plug-in means going above and beyond the minimal requirements needed to integrate with Eclipse.
read more
9780321228475 | Pearson P T R, June 1, 2004, cover price $49.99 | About this edition: The book is focused on providing developers with the definitive resource to which they can turn for in-depth knowledge and practical solutions to challenges encountered when extending the Eclipse environment for commercial use.
read more
9780321426727 | 2 edition (Prentice Hall, March 24, 2006), cover price $59.99 | About this edition: A new edition of this title is available, ISBN-10: 0321553462 ISBN-13: 9780321553461 "I'm often asked, 'What are the best books about Eclipse?
displaying 1 to 3 | at end


text:
Note: This is the 2012–2013 edition of the eCalendar. Update the year in your browser's URL bar for the most recent version of this page, or click here to jump to the newest eCalendar.
Nursing : Examination of various experimental, quasi-experimental, correlational, and survey designs with particular focus on the use of these designs in nursing research.
Terms: Fall 2012
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2012-2013 academic year.


text:
Administrator- Healthcare Clinic
at Medical Recruitment International in
UAE - Dubai
Administrator- Healthcare Clinic at Medical Recruitment International in UAE - Dubai
Job highlightsPosted on February 15, 2017
- Experience in
- Professional background in
- Job level Experienced
Pays salary of
AED 5,000 - AED 10,000 /month
(Fixed Salary)
Fluent English and Arabic is a Must
Job details
Our client is hiring 3 front desk officers for their busy service catering to wards children and adolescents.
The candidate will be accountable to: Lead Consultant Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist (Medical Director).
The post holder will be expected to work flexibly as the service will operate from 8 AM - 8 PM
including Saturdays.
Key Responsibilities
1. Reception & Front Office Desk Duties:
1 Greet and welcome young people, families and other visitors and receive them in a
friendly manner reflecting company values.
Answer inquiries and ascertain the requirements promptly be it through phone or faceto-
face accordingly
Maintain the reception and waiting area in an orderly state at all times
Answer telephone calls courteously and politely, direct enquiries appropriately and take
messages as necessary
Liaise with the team and other services where appropriate
Maintain confidentiality, safety and security of the reception area, r4eporting any adverse
matters to the Clinic Manager
Develop and maintain a positive rapport with clients.
2. Administrative & Clerical Duties:
Prepare weekly reports on patient analysis and daily activity reports, and other reports as
Check and register new referrals on EMR
Send out standard appointment and DNA via email and standardized text
Recoding, filing and photocopying duties as required
Perform other related and ad hoc tasks as required
Candidates should be available immediately or within a maximum of 4 weeks. Only experienced professionals within a healthcare setting will be considered for this role.


text:
OVER the years, football academies have played a major role in the beautiful game's development in West Africa.
Apart from helping to mitigate the issue of trafficking young and unsuspecting African youths to labour on the cold streets of Europe, academies have given meaning to the business angle of running football. They have also helped in shaping the career of would-be professional footballers through literacy classes and counseling sessions.
Notwithstanding the alarming proportion at which mushroom academies are springing up in West Africa, some notable ones have gained international recognition and have produced fine players for major clubs in Europe and elsewhere.
The Liberty Professionals Football Academy in Ghana can boast of Real Madrid's midfielder Michael Essien, Juventus' Kwadwo Asamoah and Al-Ain's striker Asamoah Gyan, among others. Palermo's Afriyie Acquah from Glentoran Football Academy, now known as Sillsport Football Academy, is yet another rising star worth mentioning.
Right to Dream boasts of seven graduates, who have signed for professional clubs, and over 38 others continuing their studies overseas, especially in the United States (U.S.) and UK. In Nigeria, the Lagos-based Pepsi Football Academy has 14 centres across the country with over 3,000 students. It is the Alma Mater of Chelsea's midfielder John Obi Mikel.
The Technical Director of Right to Dream, Gareth Henderby, revealed that refining raw materials into fine products comes at a cost, but the impact academies are making on the continent and in major leagues spurs them on.
"The Right to Dream Academy offers talented, underprivileged children the opportunity to reach their true potential in life – an opportunity that they might otherwise be deprived of," he told Goal.com. "It offers a holistic approach to football and emphasises to Ghanaian children the importance of both education and football."
Today, the organisation has Mohammed Abu (Manchester City), King Osei Gyan (Viking Stavinger, capped by Black Stars) and Godfred Saka (Aduana Stars and Local Black Stars) as success stories. Henderby added: "The biggest impact academies are making on Ghanaian football is the long-term commitment to making more talented, technical footballers.
"Most of academies recruit players at 12 and they stay until around 18 or 19 years (of age). During this time, they train in top facilities, have qualified coaches, good medical care and diet. Most importantly, they are also educated and most come out with certificates and qualifications.
"In the academies, the players get exposed to different methods, from a variety of coaches from overseas. This only enhances their knowledge on the pitch. Now, or this year, we will not see a big difference, but in five to 10 years a lot of the national team players will have been in an academy for a period of time somewhere in Ghana."
Right to Dream also seeks to address the issue of illiteracy, which has caused many previous professional players problems with their contracts. He added: "We have a 100 per cent success rate with all our graduates in their chosen pathways."
As a result, Soccerex Seminar Lagos and other such football business events held by the company throughout Africa are key to realising the potential that comes from investing money, time and effort in the academies, which produce great African stars as well as give immeasurable social impact to the communities these academies serve.
Social responsibility is an important part of Soccerex's global message, as development of communities and football business goes hand in hand, creating opportunities for people and sports careers for talented footballers.
The role of football academies in developing the beautiful game in West Africa cannot be underestimated, and with time their success stories will resonate across the world with the emergence of top, young African stars.
See more here:
The role of football academies in Nigeria, other West African countries


text:
Solo play by gorgeous brunette Sendy Silver
Description:Sendy Silver is everything your cock desires for this ones. She is perfect and teases you with her cuddly body in this video. Just enjoy her.She deserves your attention.
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Red and Lacy in Michelle Mason
I recently ventured over to Brooklyn for a blogger brunch hosted by The Regal and Hooch and I couldn't resist wearing this red lace dress by Michelle Mason. Yes, it's a bit much for brunch but I really wasn't too worried about that because a dress like this deserves to be worn anytime, anywhere!
There are a few versions of this dress on the market — but this exact version is a little hard to find. Scroll down to see links to similar pieces and to see the rest of my look!
Similar versions to the dress: option 1, option 2, option 3. Boots: exact pair here, option 2.
Hope Everyone has a great week!


text:
Obama has lifted travel restrictions, eased trade embargoes, and will encourage companies to build satellite and communications infrastructure between the two nations, per the Post.
Floridian Twitterers were quick to respond to the policy changes:
- michi421 (Miami, Fla.) Well, it's about time! RT @miamiherald Some travel restrictions to Cuba will be lifted. http://tr.im/iIPO
- BettinaInclan (Miami, Fla.) and it starts... On Monday, the Obama will lift some travel and gift restrictions for Cuban Americans....
- cubanmike82 (Miami, Fla.) Time to plan a trip to Cuba! http://tinyurl.com/dk67my
- induce1 (Miami, Fla.) Even though I'm not even cuban, this obama/Cuba thing got me feeling emotional/happy/content in my choice/excited for the future.
- jodybrewster (Pembroke Pines, Fla.) Holy [expletive], Obama eases restrictions on Cuba! Ok maybe Rudo is right
- Nardo58 (Cape Coral, Fla.) @ricksanchezcnn It's time now,1962 Cuban Missle Crisis has long passed,lets start with a new era of relationship with Cuba and it's citizens
- LuieT (Hialeah Gardens, Fla.) 60 plus years of failed policy and now? CHANGE! President Obama kept his words and we are seen it now! As a Cuban-American in SouFla,Yeah


text:
Having informed him that few people in the private sector rate public sector workers ("The ball is in your court, Mike, to show to the employer that you can hack it in business," Louisa patronises) she then moves on to discuss the age issue.
"I can see where you're coming from on the age front," she waffles. "It is bizarre that despite all the anti-discrimination law out there, employers are still legally entitled to ask for your date of birth before they've offered you the job".
This is something that young Louisa might know something about. To most intelligent readers, it seems that the only relevant experience the 20-something hackette possesses for doling out this dross, is a rather pert-looking photo byline.


text:
|16 Aug 2016
Is there an accepted list of KB's to integrate into a base Win7-sp1?
I've assembled from various sources my own list of "bad" kb's to avoid - 91 of them. Some of them are probably no longer offered by MS. There are supposedly 123 updates rolled into the 3125574 Convenience Rollup Package. Of the 123 updates that I believe are in 3125574, 15 of them are "bad" according to my list. So that leaves 108 as "good".
A base-install of Win-7 Ultimate SP1 32-bit will, today (mid-August 2016) come back with a list of 172 "Important Updates" and 67 "Optional Updates" (not including language packs) when it performs it's first update check. Of the combined 239 offered updates, only 50 match those in the 3125574 Convenience Rollup. Of those 50, only 4 (!) are in the "Important" list:
2786081 / 2798162 / 2868116 / 2929733
None of those 4 are what I consider "bad". Of the remaining 46 updates (which are in the Optional catagory) 8 of them are what I consider "bad":
2660075 / 2726535 / 3068708 / 3078667
3080149 / 3092627 / 3102429 / 3118401
Now regardless if I'm right about some of these being "bad", what I notice is the complete disconnect between the kb's in the rollup vs the KB's that MS is offering during the first update-check. Now whether, upon subsequent update-checks I would be offered more KB's that would end up giving me all the updates contained in the rollup, I don't know.
I have so far been working with whdownloader and it's various pre-made lists and have created win-7 sp1 installs with upwards of 577 integrated kb's (not including the 91 "bad" kb's).
Clearly there have been many kb's offered over time. Clearly that list is greatly reduced, at least in terms of what MS is offering right now to a "fresh" system.
Is there, at this point, an accepted list of "current" KB's, where all the superceded or depreciated or buggy KB's have been crossed off?
|My System Specs
|16 Aug 2016
Windows 7 Professional 64-bit
Guess it is time to set "Never check for updates"
Somebody else asked a similar albeit not the same question, I gave two MS web sites in that post, one or both may be of interest to you. While they do not give a list of "good" updates, "bad" updates, they will give you a systematic way to download only the KBs your research and the input of others "tell" you to download and use; and you will not have to be stuck using the [in][famous] Windows Update found in your icons notification tray.
|My System Specs
|19 Aug 2016
Since there's been nobody coming forward to propose a list of basic KB updates for a stock/original Win-7 SP1 installation, here's the list that I've arrived at after installing Win-7 Ultimate SP1 32-bit on a system and then going through the windows-update process several times. I've downloaded all .net offerings and have installed dot-net 4.61 as well as IE10 and have installed the IE10 rollup (I'm not going to install IE11 until I know more about how they've handicapped it vs IE10). I'm looking at both "Important" and "Optional" updates, and not looking at the Language-pack section in the optional-update list. So with all that in mind:
In total, as of mid-August 2016, WindowsUpdate will offer a fresh Win-7 Ultimate SP1 32-bit system the opportunity to install 238 updates, patches and hotfixes.
Just for information sake, I have a repository of Win-7 x86 kb's (.msu's) that number over 700. So there several times more kb's that have been released for Win-7 that are currently being offered to a base-level installation.
Now I have my own list, assembled from various sources, of "bad" kb's that either cause problems or facilitate user telemetry or forced updating or prodding to update the system to Win-10. A few items in the bad list are simply too new (released less than a week ago) to know their status. This list has 99 entries, many of which are depreciated and no longer are offered during a windowsupdate session. But in looking at the 238 updates that MS is offering today, 24 of them are in my "bad" list. I have not installed them on my target / test system.
Here is the list of 238 KB's that WindowsUpdate will offer a new/fresh install of Win-7 Ultimate SP1 32-bit as of mid-August 2016. The list is separated into "good" and "bad" KB's. Whether or not the reader considers any particular KB as good or bad is up the them. First, the "good" KB's:
976902 2631813 2750841 2847927 2919469 3004361 3045685 3097989 3138962 3168965
982018 2640148 2758857 2852386 2929733 3004375 3046017 3101722 3139398 3170455
2479943 2647753 2761217 2853952 2931356 3005607 3046269 3108371 3139914 3170735
2491683 2653956 2763523 2857650 2937610 3006121 3054476 3108381 3140245 3172605
2506212 2654428 2764913 2861698 2943357 3006137 3055642 3108664 3142024 3177725
2509553 2656356 2764916 2862152 2957189 3006625 3059317 3108670 3142042 3178034
2510531 2667402 2770660 2862330 2965788 3010788 3060716 3109094 3145739 3179573
2511455 2676562 2773072 2862335 2966583 3011780 3061518 3109103 3146706
2515325 2685811 2786081 2864202 2968294 3013531 3067903 3109560 3146963
2532531 2685813 2798162 2868038 2972100 3019978 3067904 3110329 3147071
2544893 2685939 2799926 2868116 2972211 3020369 3071756 3115858 3149090
2547666 2690533 2800095 2871997 2973112 3020370 3072305 3121255 3150220
2552343 2698365 2807986 2884256 2973201 3020388 3074543 3122648 3155178
2560656 2703157 2808679 2891804 2973351 3021674 3075226 3123479 3156016
2563227 2705219 2813347 2892074 2977292 3022777 3076895 3124275 3156017
2564958 2718695 2813430 2893294 2978120 3023215 3076949 3126587 3156019
2570947 2719857 2820331 2893519 2978742 3030377 3078601 3127220 3159398
2574819 2727528 2830477 2894844 2984972 3033889 3080079 3133977 3161561
2579686 2729094 2834140 2900986 2985461 3033929 3080446 3135983 3161949
2585542 2732059 2836942 2908783 2991963 3035126 3084135 3137061 3161958
2604115 2732487 2840631 2911501 2992611 3035132 3087039 3138378 3163245
2620704 2736422 2843630 2912390 2993651 3037574 3092601 3138901 3164033
2621440 2742599 2846960 2918077 3003743 3042553 3093513 3138910 3164035
Here are the "bad" KB's:
976923 2923545 3078667 3124280
2506928 2952664 3080149 3125574
2545698 2970228 3086255 3138612
2592687 3021917 3092627 3161102
2660075 3042058 3102429 3167679
2726535 3068707 3118401 3177723
Something I need to look at is the fact that the convienence rollup is offered, and I need to look at what kb's it offers, subtract the "bad" kb's it has and integrate the "good" ones separately into my test installation. So until then this list is only partially complete.
|My System Specs
|19 Aug 2016
Win-7-Pro64bit 7-H-Prem-64bit
Not sure about the bad updates but this is the newest install process
Fairly short and sweet
KB3020369 & KB3172605 KB3125574 from the catalog
Microsoft Update Catalog
Pretty much in line with this article
Then if needed you can just deal with ie11 updates if problems occur getting it through the update system
Prerequisite updates for Internet Explorer 11
|My System Specs
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can i reinstall win7 by file named base.wim
plz i need help from all :cry: I have laptop hp g62 but recovery not working i forund file in partition " recovery/perload/base.wim after extract file base.wim i found all windows files how can use this file to reinstall windows Again plz i'm waiting :)
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text:
Dumpster Diving 101
Pornstars: Craig Spade,Jesse Lee
OK, so this week, I'm out with my homeboy Jessie Lee, and we are on a mission to get him laid. After cruisin' around for a bit, we ran into this dude Craig Spade. We gave him the usual rap, and naturally the dude was a little skeptical; but once the all mighty dollar came into play, homeboy broke down and went for the cash. They always do! So anyway, we did the dude nasty. From hardcore anal to some major dickin', we made sure this guy would never forget the day he ran into us. You dudes are gonna love this shit. Check it out...Read more »
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Q: ignition switch on 2001 Suzuki Grand Vitara
when ever it wants to it does not start. dash light come on headlights etc. i checked all the fuses starter & relays. All fine. it will work fine for weeks or months, then out of nowhere it does it again. once i could'nt get it to start for a week, then one day it started. now yesterday my wife had the problem & was stuck at a shopping center, while i was at work 50 miles away. she tried severl times while walking are dog in between. i took off early & when i got there she was'nt there, so i used my key (not a passkey) it fired right up. i called her she was about a mile away i pick her up in it. she was blown away. se had been stuck there for 2hr. now she's affraid too drive it.
Really need to have the security system and the starting system diagnosed. Just because the starter seems to work during a test does not mean it isn't intermittently malfunctioning, this is common. If you get a shop to scan your security system, there will most likely be some codes that will lead you to the issue.
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Home Roadbike hotels Hotel Alpina - Roadbike hotel in Sölden, Tyrol, Austria
Bike & More
Roadbike and Sports
A wide variety of additional sports activities are offered right at the hotel, e.g. climbing, mountain tours, Nordic walking etc.
Special deals for bike clubs and associations
The hotel offers special deals for large groups of bikers (bike clubs, associations, training groups) Seminar room including data projector, screen, video/TV etc. for presentations and analysis ...
Support vehicle
Whether for luggage transport, food supplies en route, or to offer a shuttle service, a support vehicle contributes to the comfort and convenience of bike tours. A support vehicle is available through...
Mountain Bike Holidays
9 Hotels hotels are also members of Mountain Bike Holidays . This group of hotels is a market leader when it comes to mountain bike holidays. Guided bike tours, technique training, tour planning, a...
The Ötztal Valley Alps at your fingertips - at the Alpina, you are very close to the steep passes and the stunning glacier roads. Leaving everyday life behind is no problem here.
On the Ötztaler Radsportcamps bike camps, you train with real greats in the world of biking, such as Wolfgang Fasching, Gerrit Glomser, Christoph Strasser and Franz Venier. Guided tours, a bike room with video surveillance and service facilities, test bikes, laundry service, and meals suitable for athletes are all part and parcel of the services offered by the Alpina.
Bike highlights in the Hotel Alpina
The Hotel Alpina Gibbs gives racing biking a high priority. It comes as no surprise that the hotel manager, Lukas Riml, is himself a keen racing biker. He has taken part in several bike marathons and he, together with his professional guides, provides the biking expertise in the hotel.
Our tip: The hotel is also perfectly suitable for a mountain bike holiday. As a member of Mountain Bike Holidays, they know the best trails of the region.
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Lukas Riml, himself an enthusiastic racing biker who has taken part in several marathons, is responsible for the racing biking expertise here, together with the professional guides Wolfgang Fasching, Christoph Strasser, Franz Venier and Gerrit Glomser.


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A'Sharad Hett Comic Pack Loose Star Wars 3.75 Action Figure
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Up for AuctionA'Sharad Hett Comic Pack Loose Star Wars 3.75 Action Figure This loose Star Wars 3 3/4 Action Figure. Comes with any accessories pictured. Condition All figures are loose and out of the package. Figures come from a display collection in a smoke free home and have not been played with. They are in excellent condition. Any figure that had batteries, the batteries have been removed to prevent corrosion. Shipping I will combine shipping if you win multiple auctions. Shipping for the first item is $2.50 and $0.50 for each additional item won. Please request and wait for a combined invoice if you win multiple auctions. Payments must be made within 7 days. Other Auctions!!!! Please check my other auctions. I am selling my entire Star Wars collection. All auctions start at $1.00! I have pretty much every figure, ship, and accessory from 1995-2008, including some rare items. I will be putting the whole collection up over the next few weeks, so check back often for more auctions!


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ROME, Oct 30 (Reuters) -Gianni Agnelli, the 81 year-old honorary chairman of struggling Italian industrial group Fiat , is "slightly better" after medical treatment, his sister said on Wednesday. "My brother appears to me to be slightly better," Susanna Agnelli told reporters on the sidelines of a presentation. Gianni Agnelli has not made a public appearance since he went to the United States in May for prostate treatment. Rumours he might have died have frequently boosted Fiat's ...
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This course gives you access to all of Dr. Ian Dunbar's online dog training resources:
- Over 100 hours of video seminars and workshops by Dr. Ian Dunbar. Most of it approved for Continued Education Credit by professional dog trainer certification programs such as the CCPDT, IAABC & NADOI
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2-Day Reliability & Games Workshop (12 CEUs)
Growl Class - A Workshop Demo for Reactive Dogs (6 CEUs)
New Concepts for the Treatment & Prevention of Dog Aggression: Biting & Fighting (6 CEUs)
Crucial Concepts in Dog Behavior & Training (6 CEUs)
Simple Solutions for Common Dog Behavior Problems (6 CEUs)
Dog & Cat Behavior Problems (6 CEUs)
Practical Behavior Information for Veterinary Practitioners (6 CE)
Canine Sexual Behavior (6 CEUs)
How to Use Food Intelligently in Training
Dog-Dog Reactivity
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Learn how to use dog-friendly, science-based, fun & games dog training methods to make your dog into the ideal canine companion!
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Thank you Dr. Dunbar!! Dr. Dunbar's willingness to share his knowledge of puppy training goes beyond generous and has given me the confidence to pursue a passion. I was learning bit by bit but because of the All-Access Pass, with it's endless ...
Dr Dunbar is an endless wealth of knowledge about dogs, their behaviour, and how to manage the behaviour of their humans! Great resource for dog trainers or dog owners wanting to get more out of their relationship with their dog.
Amazingly helpful!
What a gift this course and training are to the world and to our pets. Thank you for your life's work, Ian.
Superb Course
This is an absolutely wonderful course! Eye opening. It provides invaluable insight into dog behaviour and training methods.
Dr. Ian Dunbar
Expert dog trainer, veterinarian, and animal behaviorist
About the instructor
Dr. Ian Dunbar is one of the world's most respected experts on dog training and behavior. He received his veterinary degree and a Special Honors degree in Physiology & Biochemistry from the Royal Veterinary College (London University) plus a doctorate in animal behavior from the Psychology Department at UC Berkeley, where he researched the development of social hierarchies and aggression in domestic dogs.
He has authored numerous books and DVDs about puppy/dog behavior and training, including AFTER You Get Your Puppy, How To Teach A New Dog Old Tricks and the SIRIUS® Puppy Training video.
In 1982, Dr. Dunbar designed and taught the world's very first off-leash puppy socialization and training classes -- SIRIUS® Puppy Training. Subsequently, he created and developed the San Francisco SPCA's Animal Behavior Department, the American Kennel Club's Gazette "Behavior" column, which he wrote for seven years, and the K9 GAMES®, which were first held in San Francisco in 1993 and continue as annual events in Japan and France. He hosted the popular UK television series Dogs With Dunbar for five seasons and has appeared on numerous radio and television programs, including the Today Show (US) and Dash Village (Japan).


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To provide the best in local service to you our customer Agra Tech markets its products through full service horticultural distributors. These distributors are assisted by Agra Tech Sales Engineers. You are welcome to email, call, or fax us for recommendations on a distributor in your area.
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When I first announced to my family that I wanted to have my baby delivered by a midwife in the hospital, I was met with serious disapproval from all sides.
"You mean there isn't going to be a doctor there?" my father-in-law asked, aghast. And my husband, sensitive '90s type though he is, feared that I was putting myself and our baby in peril for the sake of some feminist ideal. But to me, a hospital birth with a certified nurse-midwife (CNM) — a registered nurse with a master's degree or certificate in midwifery, the art of delivering babies — was a way to get the best of both worlds: modern technology and natural medicine. I would experience a midwife's supportive care in a comfortable birthing room, just a few feet away from the emergency medical equipment I hoped wouldn't be needed.
As it turned out, I had a difficult labor, but my midwife was there for me every step of the way. She encouraged me to experiment with different positions. She told me to hang in there when it became apparent that I was dilating slowly. And after several hours of painful contractions that didn't spur any progress in labor, she supported my decision to opt for Pitocin and an epidural. True, a labor-and-delivery nurse might have done the same things, but because this midwife had been my primary caregiver for months of prenatal appointments and had helped me develop my birth plan, I felt comfortable taking her advice.
I wasn't alone in wanting both state-of-the-art technology, should I need it, and a midwife's gentle touch. After decades in the cultural doghouse, midwifery has shed its image as something antiquated and risky — for back-to-nature types only — and is now at the forefront of obstetrics. Today hundreds of thousands of mothers-to-be, wary of the medicalization and regimentation of traditional hospital deliveries, are turning to nurse-midwives, who treat pregnancy and birth as a natural process that shouldn't call for much medical intervention.
According to the American College of Nurse-Midwives in Washington, DC, CNMs presided over more than 270,000 births in 1997 — the vast majority in hospitals — up from fewer than 20,000 in 1975. And birth centers, where midwives have traditionally provided care for low-income women, are now popular across the economic spectrum. (Many birth centers cannot administer epidurals, so they may not be the right choice for everyone.)
Not only are midwives turning up all over, they've also been radically professionalized since the beginning of the natural-birth movement in the '70s. In those days, most practitioners were lay or "direct-entry" midwives, who learned the trade through non-degree-granting programs and apprenticeships and who performed mainly home births. Today, direct-entry midwives are outnumbered by CNMs, who've been trained to handle everything from ultrasounds and episiotomies to pain relief and Pitocin.
But is the move to incorporate midwifery into the medical mainstream good news for women and their babies? You bet. According to the latest research, women with low-risk pregnancies whose deliveries are supervised by CNMs undergo fewer inductions, receive fewer episiotomies, require less anesthesia, have more vaginal births after cesareans, heal more quickly and are more satisfied with their experience than those who give birth under a doctor's care. Perhaps the most striking contrast is the c-section rate itself: Studies show that about 13 percent of women who were attended by a nurse-midwife during labor ended up with a c-section. The national average, by comparison, is 21 percent. Of course, midwives generally work with women whose pregnancies are considered free from major problems, which accounts for some of the difference.
Nevertheless, the evidence of the benefits of midwife care is so compelling that more and more obstetricians are being won over. "There's no question that women who deliver with nurse-midwives do just as well as those who use doctors, as long as physicians are available to handle emergencies," says Kenneth Bell, M.D., medical director at Kaiser Permanente in Anaheim, CA. "And in some ways — as in the c-section rate — they're definitely doing better."
So what, exactly, do these pregnancy practitioners do, and how can you determine whether using one is the right choice for you?


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Traveling Luck for Sooner Road Church of God, Oklahoma, United States
Where is Sooner Road Church of God?What's around Sooner Road Church of God?
Wikipedia near Sooner Road Church of God
Where to stay near Sooner Road Church of God
The timezone in Sooner Road Church of God is America/Rankin_Inlet
Sunrise at 07:11 and Sunset at 17:19. It's Dark
Latitude. 35.4469°, Longitude. -97.4236° , Elevation. 365m
Weather near Sooner Road Church of God; Report from Tinker Air Force Base, OK 6.2km away
Weather :
Temperature: 1°C / 34°F
Wind: 13.8km/h North
Cloud: Sky Clear
Weather :
Temperature: 1°C / 34°F
Wind: 13.8km/h North
Cloud: Sky Clear
Satellite map around Sooner Road Church of God
Loading map of Sooner Road Church of God and it's surroudings
Geographic features & Photographs around Sooner Road Church of God, in Oklahoma, United States
- Local Feature;
- A Nearby feature worthy of being marked on a map..
- Sooner Road Church of God (0km)
- First Southern Camp (0.9km)
- Sooner Road Church of Christ (1km)
- Church of Christ (1.1km)
- Del City First Church Nazarene (1.6km)
- Del Crest Shopping Center (1.8km)
- The Village Shopping Center (2km)
- Christ Life Church of God (2.1km)
- Decker Shopping Center (2.2km)
- Holiday Square (2.2km)
- Gateway Plaza (2.2km)
- Church of the Living God (2.2km)
- Lockheed Shopping Center (2.2km)
- Gateway Shopping Center (2.2km)
- Tinker Plaza Shopping Center (2.2km)
- Church of Christ (2.3km)
- Newey Shopping Center (2.3km)
- Sooner Market Place (2.3km)
- Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (2.4km)
- First Baptist Church-Del City (2.4km)
- Four Square Church of God (2.4km)
- Korean Baptist Church of Oklahoma (2.5km)
- Del Haven Tabernacle (2.6km)
- Christlife Church of God (2.8km)
- Bethel Temple Assembly of God (2.8km)
- First Baptist Church of Midway (2.9km)
- First Baptist Church Midwest (3km)
- Heritage Park Mall (3km)
- church;
- a building for public Christian worship.
- Eastminster Presbyterian Church (0.2km)
- Sooner Baptist Church (0.5km)
- Ambassador Baptist Church (0.8km)
- Grace Bible Church (1.4km)
- Del City Christian Church (1.9km)
- Sunnylane United Methodist Church (2km)
- New Testament Christian Church (2.3km)
- Calvary Tabernacle United Church (2.4km)
- Wickline United Methodist Church (2.6km)
- Mid-Del Christian Church (2.6km)
- Free Methodist Church (2.7km)
- First Baptist Church (3km)
- Meadowood Baptist Midwest City Church (3km)
- Saint Phillip Neli Church (3.1km)
- school;
- building(s) where instruction in one or more branches of knowledge takes place.
- Sooner School (0.5km)
- Kerr Junior High School (1km)
- Rose State College (1.2km)
- Traub School (1.5km)
- Delcrest Junior High School (1.6km)
- Del City School (1.9km)
- Del City Senior High School (2km)
- Del Academy (2km)
- West Side School (2.5km)
- Mid-Del Area Vocational College (2.7km)
- Epperly Heights School (2.8km)
- Jarman Junior High School (2.8km)
- Midwest City Senior High School (3km)
- Saint Philip School (3.1km)
- populated place;
- a city, town, village, or other agglomeration of buildings where people live and work.
- Del City (2.1km)
- Midway Village (3km)
- park;
- an area, often of forested land, maintained as a place of beauty, or for recreation.
- Quinlan Park (2km)
- Lions Park (3km)
Accommodation around Sooner Road Church of God
- cemetery;
- a burial place or ground.
- Kuhlman Cemetery (2.9km)
Wikipedia entries close to
Sooner Road Church of God
- Del City, Oklahoma city city o
- Smith Village, Oklahoma city city o
- Midwest City, Oklahoma city city o
- Crutcho, Oklahoma city city o
- Tinker Air Force Base airport airport
- Forest Park, Oklahoma city city o
- Valley Brook, Oklahoma city city o
- Spencer, Oklahoma city city o
- Ford Center landmark sport
- Oklahoma City city city c
- Oklahoma State Capitol landmark government
- Bombenanschlag auf das Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City landmark landmark
- Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building landmark building
- Oklahoma City National Memorial landmark museum
- Lake Aluma, Oklahoma city city o
- Nicoma Park, Oklahoma city city o
Airports close to Sooner Road Church of God
Tinker afb(TIK), Oklahoma city, Usa (6.2km)
Will rogers world(OKC), Oklahoma city, Usa (21.6km)
Ada muni(ADH), Aldan, Russia (124.8km)
Vance afb(END), Enid, Usa (136km)
Henry post aaf(FSI), Fort sill, Usa (158.6km)


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In many nonexcitable cells, hormones and neurotransmitters activate Na+ influx and mobilize Ca2+ from intracellular stores. The stores are replenished by Ca2+influx via "store-operated" Ca2+ channels (SOC). The main routes of Na+ entry in these cells are unresolved, and no role for Na+ in signaling has been recognized. We demonstrate that the SOC are a major Na+ entry route in arterial myocytes. Unloading of the Ca2+stores with cyclopiazonic acid (a sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor) and caffeine induces a large external Na+-dependent rise in the cytosolic Na+ concentration. One component of this rise in cytosolic Na+ concentration is likely due to Na+/Ca2+exchange; it depends on elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ and is insensitive to 10 mM Mg2+ and 10 μM La3+. Another component is inhibited by Mg2+ and La3+, blockers of SOC; this component persists in cells preloaded with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid to buffer Ca2+ transients and prevent Na+/Ca2+exchange-mediated Na+ entry. This Na+ entry apparently is mediated by SOC. The Na+ entry influences Na+ pump activity and Na+/Ca2+exchange and has unexpectedly large effects on cell-wide Ca2+ signaling. The SOC pathway may be a general mechanism by which Na+ participates in signaling in many types of cells.
- sodium-calcium exchange
- magnesium
- sodium pump
- cytosolic sodium concentration
activation of most animal cells by hormones or other agents usually elevates the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt), which, in turn, triggers a variety of biological responses (3, 8). Some of this "signal Ca2+" enters cells from the extracellular fluid, and some is released from intracellular Ca2+ stores in the sarcoplasmic (in muscle) or endoplasmic reticulum (S/ER) (3, 8). Emptying of the Ca2+ stores initiates a mechanism to refill the stores, termed "capacitative Ca2+ entry" (CCE) (36), that is mediated by "store-operated" channels (SOC) located in the plasmalemma (PL) (50). This widely distributed mechanism (10) has been reported to occur in vascular smooth muscle cells (31, 47), where it may play an important role in the regulation of tonic vascular tension ("tone") (11).
Several types of SOC have been proposed as mediators of S/ER Ca2+ store depletion-dependent Ca2+ entry. These include the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel (17, 23, 24) and various other channels (16, 27, 29), some of which are homologous to the transient receptor potential (TRP) and TRP-like (TRPL) channels of Drosophila photoreceptors (25, 35,50, 51).
In mammals, recent observations suggest that most SOC are permeable to Na+ as well as Ca2+ (23, 35, 50), with permeability ratios (P Ca/P Na) usually on the order of 10:1 under normal physiological conditions (35,50), although relatively nonselective cation channels have also been described (25, 26, 51). Thus, with extracellular Ca2+ and Na+ concentrations ([Ca2+]oand [Na+]o) on the order of 1 and 150 mM, respectively, large amounts of Na+ may enter the cells through SOC. The physiological significance of this potentially important Na+ entry pathway has not attracted attention. Although many hormones and neurotransmitters mobilize sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ and activate vascular smooth muscle cells, they also promote Na+ entry (6, 7) via unknown pathways. Vascular smooth muscle cells have few, if any, "classical" voltage-gated Na+ channels (44, 48) and do not exhibit Na+-dependent action potentials. This raises the possibility that the Na+ entry evoked by hormones and neurotransmitters in these cells may be mediated, in part, by SOC.
Here we use digital imaging methods to investigate SOC in mesenteric artery myocytes and to determine whether these channels influence Na+, as well as Ca2+, homeostasis. We show that SOC mediate the entry of Na+ and Ca2+ {measured as changes in cytosolic Na+ concentration ([Na+]cyt) and [Ca2+]cytwith Na+-binding benzofuran isophthalate (SBFI) and fura 2, respectively}.1Furthermore, Na+ entry through the SOC apparently augments whole cell Ca2+ signaling by reducing the extrusion of Ca2+ in these cells; this effect is especially pronounced when the activity of a subset of Na+ pumps is suppressed. SOC also appear to be an important route of Na+ entry in arterial myocytes at rest.
Primary cell culture.
Mesenteric artery myocytes were obtained from female Sprague-Dawley rats (150–200 g) and were grown in primary culture for 4–6 days, as described previously (40).
Measurement of [Ca2+]cytand [Na+]cyt.
The cells, on 25-mm coverslips, were loaded with fura 2 or SBFI by incubation with 3.3 μM fura 2-AM for 40 min or 10 μM SBFI-AM (TEFLABS, Austin, TX) for 1 h at 22–25°C. [Ca2+]cytand [Na+]cytwere then studied with digital imaging methods (6, 13). The coverslips were mounted in a 1-ml chamber on the stage of an inverted fluorescence microscope. The cells were superfused at a rate of 5 ml/min (chamber washout half time ∼30 s) with a physiological salt solution (PSS). Experiments were conducted at 32°C. Before the experimental protocols were started, cells were superfused for 40 min with PSS to wash away extracellular dye and permit the intracellular esterases to cleave the fura 2-AM or SBFI-AM.
Fura 2 was calibrated as described previously (13). SBFI, which can detect 0.5 mM changes in [Na+]cyt(6), was calibrated after each experiment (32). Digital images of fields containing five to eight cells were acquired, background subtracted, and transformed to Ca2+ (or Na+) concentration images with a MetaFluor Imaging System (Universal Imaging, West Chester, PA). Fluorescence ratio data for each cell were obtained from a 5 × 5 pixel (1.5 × 1.5 μm) nonnuclear region (1/cell). To enhance the signal-to-noise ratio, 32 consecutive frames were averaged at video frame rate, except when agonists and/or ouabain were added; then only 4 frames were averaged to enhance temporal resolution. Images were acquired at a rate of two per minute, except at times of agonist application, when the rate was increased to two per second.
Solutions and reagents.
The normal PSS contained (in mM) 140 NaCl, 5.0 KCl, 1.2 NaH2PO4, 5 NaHCO3, 1.4 MgCl2, 1.8 CaCl2, 11.5 glucose, and 10 mM HEPES (titrated to pH 7.4 with NaOH). CaCl2 was omitted from the Ca2+-free PSS, and 0.2 mM EGTA was added. The Ca2+-free, 5 mM Na+ PSS (0 Ca2+-5 Na+ PSS) contained 5 mM NaCl and 140 mM N-methylglucamine. NaH2PO4and NaHCO3 were omitted from PSS containing LaCl3. The osmolarity of all solutions was adjusted to 320 mosM with sucrose. In some experiments (see results), cells were preloaded with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) by incubation with 20 μM BAPTA-AM for 30 min at 22–25°C.
ANG II was purchased from Peninsula Laboratories (Belmont, CA). All other compounds were reagent grade or the highest grade available and were purchased from Sigma Chemical (St. Louis, MO) or Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA).
Data analysis and statistics.
Data (ratios and calibrated values) were analyzed and plotted with Sigma Plot software (Jandel, San Rafael, CA). Significance of differences between means of different groups (means ± SE) was calculated by Student's pairedt-test.
Characteristics of SOC in arterial myocytes: studies with fura 2.
Some properties of SOC in rat mesenteric artery myocytes, as indicated by changes in [Ca2+]cyt, are illustrated in Figs.1 and2. The SOC are activated by unloading Ca2+ stores with 10 μM cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), which inhibits S/ER Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) (18), and 10 mM caffeine (Caff), which induces Ca2+ release through ryanodine-sensitive S/ER channels (30) (Fig. 1,A andB). SR Ca2+ also is mobilized by neurotransmitters and hormones such as serotonin, vasopressin, phenylephrine (PE), and ANG II (31, 47; see below); this, too, opens SOC in vascular smooth muscle cells (31, 47; see below).
In Ca2+-free ("0" Ca2+) medium, emptying the stores with CPA + Caff caused [Ca2+]cytto rise rapidly and then decline below the original resting level (Fig.1 A). When extracellular Ca2+ was restored in the continued presence of CPA + Caff, to prevent store refilling (and with 10 μM nifedipine to block L-type Ca2+channels), a second large Ca2+transient, the "hallmark" of SOC activation and CCE (36), was observed. This transient depended on store Ca2+ depletion and on external Ca2+. The [Ca2+]oneeded to evoke half-maximal Ca2+transients was 1.1 mM (Fig. 1 D), consistent with reported EC50values for Ca2+ entry through SOC (∼0.8–3.3 mM) (9, 17). These [Ca2+]o-dependent Ca2+ transients were blocked reversibly by 10 mM Mg2+ (Fig. 1,A andC) and 10 μM La3+ (Fig. 1,B andC), known blockers of SOC (12, 35,46, 47). Neither Mg2+ nor La3+ inhibits agonist-evoked Ca2+ transients in normal medium (2, 38, 46; see below). Moreover, the CPA- and agonist-evoked Ca2+ transients were prevented by pretreatment with the Ca2+chelator BAPTA (see below), which buffers intracellular Ca2+ (17, 28, 29).
To test for inactivation of the SOC (23, 24, 46), external Ca2+ was restored for 10–15 min in the presence of CPA + Caff. [Ca2+]cytrapidly rose to a peak and then declined (by ∼13%) to a plateau that was maintained for ≥10–15 min (Fig.2 A). This decline might reflect accelerated Ca2+ sequestration (e.g., in mitochondria) and/or extrusion (26), as well as some (limited) inactivation. There was, however, no long-term inactivation: the peak amplitudes of the Ca2+transients remained constant when the cells were repetitively exposed (for ∼2 min) to Ca2+-containing medium at ∼30-min intervals (Fig.2 B).
Na+ entry mediated by the Na+/Ca2+exchanger: studies with SBFI.
Figures3-5present evidence that Ca2+ store unloading also activates Na+entry. Figure 3 shows data from an experiment analogous to that shown in Fig. 1 A, except Na+ entry was estimated by measuring changes in the cytosolic Na+ concentration ([Na+]cyt) with the Na+-sensitive dye SBFI (6). Here, SOC were blocked with 10 mM Mg2+ (Fig. 1,A andC) or 10 μM La3+ (Fig. 1,B andC) in the presence of the Ca2+ and Na+ channel blockers nifedipine (10 μM) and tetrodotoxin (50 μM). When the Ca2+ stores were unloaded with CPA + Caff in 0 Ca2+ PSS, there was an initial transient rise in [Na+]cytas well as [Ca2+]cyt(not observed here, but see Fig. 1, Aand B). This first evoked Na+ transient appeared to be the result of Na+/Ca2+exchange, because it depended on external Na+ (Figs.4 A and5 B) and on the rise in [Ca2+]cyt. This Na+ transient was insensitive to 10 mM Mg2+ (Figs. 3 and5 B) or 10 μM La3+ (Fig.5 B), but it was eliminated when the Ca2+ released from the stores was buffered with BAPTA (Figs. 4, B and C, and5 B). The top([Ca2+]cyt) record in Fig. 4 C confirms that intracellular BAPTA abolished the evoked Ca2+ transient. In other words, this Na+ transient did not depend directly on the unloading of the SR Ca2+ stores but, rather, on the rise in [Ca2+]cyt.
In most experiments, 0 Ca2+ PSS was employed (Figs. 3 A and5 B) to rule out the participation of an external Ca2+-dependent mechanism, but a similar 10 mM Mg2+-insensitive Na+ transient was observed in PSS with 1.8 mM Ca2+ (not shown). Inhibition of Na+/Ca2+exchange by removal of external Na+ or antisense knockdown of the exchanger greatly augments and prolongs the Ca2+ transients evoked by store unloading (38, 39), implying that much of the decline of [Ca2+]cytis mediated by the Na+/Ca2+exchanger. Neither 10 mM Mg2+(unpublished data) nor 10 μM La3+ (38) interferes with Ca2+ extrusion via the Na+/Ca2+exchanger. Therefore, the initial rise in [Na+]cytafter store depletion (Fig. 3) apparently results from Na+/Ca2+exchange-mediated Na+ entry (NCXNE) that is promoted by the elevation of [Ca2+]cyt.
Na+ entry mediated by SOC: studies with SBFI.
When the SOC were subsequently unblocked by reducing Mg2+ to 1.4 mM (Figs. 3 and 4,B–E) or removing La3+ (Fig.5 A), a second large transient rise in [Na+]cytwas induced. This Na+ transient also was abolished reversibly when [Na+]owas reduced to 5 mM (Figs. 4 D and5 A), but, unlike the first Na+ transient in Fig. 3 (also see Fig. 5 B), the second Na+ transient was blocked by 10 mM Mg2+ and by 10 μM La3+ (Fig.5 A). Furthermore, this second Na+ transient (Fig. 3) was observed when cytosolic Ca2+ was buffered with BAPTA (Figs. 4,B–D, and5 A; see top record in Fig. 4 C); thus it depended on Ca2+ store depletion and not on the rise in [Ca2+]cyt. Also it did not require the reintroduction of external Ca2+ after the stores were unloaded (Figs. 4, B andD, and5 A). These results are consistent with the view that the second Na+transient in Fig. 3 is the result of Na+ entry through SOC [i.e., SOC-mediated Na+ entry (SOCNE)].
SOCNE also was stimulated when the Ca2+ stores were depleted by nonpharmacological means. Incubation in 0 Ca2+ PSS (with 10 mM Mg2+, to block SOC) for 15 min to deplete the Ca2+ stores by slow "leakage" and extrusion of Ca2+ led to a slow decline in [Na+]cyt(Fig. 4 E, bottom record). The subsequent lowering of extracellular Mg2+ concentration ([Mg2+]o) from 10 to 1.4 mM evoked a rise in [Na+]cyt(Figs. 4 E, bottom record, and5 A). In parallel experiments on cells from the same cultures, the simultaneous reintroduction of external Ca2+ induced a Ca2+ transient, indicating that the SOC were activated (Fig. 4 E, top record; Ca2+ was not restored for the [Na+]cytmeasurement to prevent NCXNE). In contrast, when Mg2+ was lowered from 10 to 1.4 mM after only 1 min of incubation in 0 Ca2+ PSS, reintroduction of external Ca2+ had little effect on [Ca2+]cyt(Fig. 4 F, top record) or [Na+]cyt(Fig. 4 F, bottom record), indicating that the stores had not yet unloaded and most SOC were still closed, so that SOCNE was not stimulated. With continued incubation in 0 Ca2+ PSS, however, [Na+]cytrose slowly (Fig. 4 F, bottom record), reflecting progressive depletion of the Ca2+ stores and some stimulation of SOCNE and a consequent rise in [Na+]cyt.
Some Na+enters unstimulated myocytes through SOC.
In resting cells incubated in PSS, the mean [Na+]cyt(8.7 ± 0.1 mM, n = 385 cells; Fig.5 A) was constant. Elevation of [Mg2+]oto 10 mM in standard PSS with Ca2+(Figs. 4 C and 6,A andB) or in 0 Ca2+ PSS (Fig.4 E) caused [Na+]cytin the unstimulated cells to decline slowly to a new steady level. Over the course of 40–60 min, [Na+]cytreversibly declined by ∼50%, to 5.1 ± 0.4 mM when [Mg2+]oin the PSS was elevated from 1.4 to 10 mM Mg (Fig.6, A andB). The final, steady [Na+]cytwas inversely dependent on [Mg2+]o, with apparent half-maximal decline of [Na+]cytobserved at [Mg2+]oof 3.0 mM (Fig. 6 C). Comparable results were obtained when the SOC were inhibited with 10 μM La3+ (Fig.6 B). Indeed, when 10 μM La3+ was added to PSS that already contained 10 mM Mg2+, no further effect on [Na+]cytwas observed (Fig. 6 B), which implies that the effects of these two cations on SOCNE are not additive. These results suggest that some SOC are open at rest and that SOCNE contributes to the resting [Na+]cytin mesenteric artery myocytes under normal physiological conditions. We should not, however, ignore other possible routes of Na+ entry that might also be inhibited by La3+ and high [Mg2+]o, such as nonselective cation channels and Na+/Mg2+exchange. Also, we have not ruled out the possibility that these polyvalent cations might affect the membrane potential and, thus, the driving force for Na+ entry. There is no evidence, however, that the myocytes possess nonselective cation channels (see Relative permeabilites of SOC to Ca2+ and Na+ ) or that La3+ inhibits Na+/Mg2+exchange, and it seems unlikely that 10 mM Mg2+ and 10 μM La3+ will have comparable effects on the membrane potential (indeed, neither cation affected the evoked Ca2+ transients; seePossible role of SOC in the augmentation of Ca2+ transients by low-dose ouabain).
Relative permeabilities of SOC to Ca2+ and Na+.
The data in Figs. 3-5 demonstrate that depletion of SR Ca2+ stores induces a rise in [Na+]cytby a process with the same properties as those of SOC. Therefore, the rising phases of the Ca2+ and Na+ transients evoked by Ca2+ store depletion were used to estimateP Ca/P Na. The rates of rise of [Ca2+]cyt(Fig. 1 A) and [Na+]cyt(Fig.7 B) in PSS, during the 2nd min after [Mg2+]owas lowered from 10 to 1.4 mM, were used to estimateP Ca (6.48 ± 0.80 × 10−6 cm/s,n = 43 cells) andP Na (0.79 ± 0.23 × 10−6 cm/s,n = 37 cells). The [Na+]cytdata were obtained in cells preloaded with BAPTA (to eliminate NCXNE) with 1 mM ouabain present (to avoid underestimating SOCNE because of Na+ pump-mediated Na+ extrusion); we did not, however, compensate for possible Ca2+ efflux via the PL Ca2+ pump, which may have caused us to underestimateP Ca. [Inhibition of virtually all the Na+ pumps with 1 mM ouabain (4) in the absence of CPA and Caff induced comparable elevation of [Na+]cyt(not shown, but see Ref. 6).] Cell surface-to-volume ratios were assumed to be constant. The permeabilities (P) were calculated as follows:P = −J/C (cm/s), whereJ is molar flux (mol ⋅ cm−2 ⋅ s−1) and C is the difference between extracellular and cytosolic ion concentration (15).
The calculatedP Ca/P Naof 8.2 ± 1.0 in PSS containing 1.8 mM Ca2+ is comparable to values obtained in electrophysiological studies on TRP/TRPL channels, ∼8–10:1 (35, 46). Moreover, measurements of the maximum rate of rise of [Na+]cytin BAPTA-loaded cells (i.e., in the absence of NCXNE; Fig.8) as a function of [Ca2+]oindicated thatP Na was reduced nearly sixfold as [Ca2+]owas increased from 0 to 10 mM. This is consistent with the low monovalent cation permeability of CRAC channels measured in high-Ca2+ medium (17).
Rise in [Na+]cytmediated by SOCNE stimulates the Na+ pump.
The transiency of the SOCNE-mediated rise in [Na+]cyt(Fig. 3) was unexpected, because SOC exhibit little inactivation (Fig.2, A andB). To determine whether the decline in [Na+]cytduring SOCNE (Figs. 3 and 4, A andC–E) might reflect accelerated Na+ extrusion by PL Na+ pumps, we used 1 mM ouabain to inhibit all Na+ pumps (4). With NCXNE blocked by BAPTA, activation of SOCNE by reducing [Mg2+]ofrom 10 to 1.4 mM caused [Na+]cytto rise at a rate of 0.25 mM/min, whereas in the presence of 1 mM ouabain, this rate doubled to 0.51 mM/min (Fig. 7,A andC). The difference between these two rates (−0.26 mM/min) is, by definition, the ouabain-sensitive rate of Na+ extrusion (i.e., reduction of [Na+]cyt) via Na+ pumps (Fig.7 C). When 1 mM ouabain was added during the falling phase of the SOCNE transient (−0.42 mM/min), [Na+]cytbegan to rise (0.32 mM/min; Fig. 7, Band C); the difference between these two rates (−0.74 mM/min) also reflects ouabain-sensitive Na+ pump activity (Fig.7 C). Thus the Na+ pump rate increased almost threefold (from −0.26 to −0.74 mM/min) during the course of the SOCNE transient. This may reflect modulation of Na+ pump activity (4).
Possible role of SOC in the augmentation of Ca2+ transients by low-dose ouabain.
The Ca2+ transients evoked by a 30-s exposure to 10 nM ANG II (Fig. 9,A andD) and 100 nM PE (Fig.9 D) were significantly augmented by the simultaneous application (i.e., for 30 s) of 100 nM ouabain. There was, however, no measurable increase in whole cell [Na+]cytduring these brief exposures to the low concentrations of agonists and ouabain (not shown). Nevertheless, the augmentation of the Ca2+ transients by ouabain depended on external Na+, but not Ca2+ (Fig. 9,B andC). This augmentation may be mediated by SOC, because it was abolished by 10 mM Mg2+ and 10 μM La3+. In contrast, the responses to ANG II or PE, alone (i.e., the "controls"), were unaffected by these cations (Fig. 9, A andD).
SOC and Ca2+entry in arterial myocytes.
SOC, which apparently serve as a mechanism for replenishing depleted S/ER Ca2+ stores, have been studied in many types of cells (50), including vascular smooth muscle cells (31, 47). We examined the properties of SOC in primary cultured rat mesenteric artery myocytes by measuring changes in [Ca2+]cytwith fura 2. When SR Ca2+ was unloaded with CPA + Caff in cells bathed in Ca2+-free media, a brief rise in [Ca2+]cyt, a rapid recovery, and then a decline below the original resting level occurred. The restoration of extracellular Ca2+ evoked a large rise in [Ca2+]cyt, indicative of Ca2+ entry through SOC (36). This external Ca2+-dependent rise in [Ca2+]cytwas half-maximally activated by [Ca2+]oof 1.1 mM and was prevented by pretreating the cells with BAPTA to buffer the cytosolic Ca2+. Furthermore, the rise in [Ca2+]cytwas reversibly blocked by 10 mM Mg2+ or 10 μM La3+, known blockers of SOC (12,35, 46, 47). Thus the general properties of the SOC in the arterial myocytes seem comparable to those in many other types of cells (10).
The molecular nature of the channels responsible for SOC activity is not known. Several candidate channels have, however, been identified and characterized by molecular genetics and/or electrophysiological methods. These candidate channels include the CRAC channels of mast cells, leukocytes, and leukemia cells (17, 23, 24) and a variety of TRP and TRPL channels (25, 35, 46, 50, 51). Particularly important for the present investigation is the recent observation that many of these channels are permeable to Na+ as well as Ca2+ (23, 35, 46). Indeed, CRAC and TRP/TRPL channels have sometimes been characterized by measuring the Na+ currents that they conduct, simply because these currents are larger than the respective Ca2+ currents under comparable conditions (23, 24, 46).
Two modes of Na+ entry in arterial myocytes.
Many studies indicate that vascular smooth muscle cells express few, if any, classical tetrodotoxin-sensitive, voltage-gated Na+ channels. Indeed, rat mesenteric artery myocytes do not exhibit a depolarization-activated inward current (48). Moreover, in the present study we were unable to detect any effects of the Na+channel opener veratridine (44) or the blocker tetrodotoxin on [Na+]cyt. Through what pathway(s), then, do Na+ enter these cells? Our results reveal two mechanistically distinct pathways through which Na+ can enter the myocytes after cell activation and show how these pathways can influence cell function.
One Na+ entry pathway depends on the rise in [Ca2+]cytand is abolished when cytosolic Ca2+ is buffered by BAPTA. This Na+ entry mechanism is unaffected by 10 mM Mg2+ or 10 μM La3+. Ca2+ transients induced by unloading the SR Ca2+ stores in these cells are greatly prolonged when external Na+ is removed and Ca2+ extrusion via Na+/Ca2+exchange is prevented (38, 39). Thus it appears that one Na+ entry pathway (which can account for the first Na+transient in Fig. 3 A) is via the Na+/Ca2+exchanger operating in the Na+entry/Ca2+ exit mode (i.e., NCXNE).
A second Na+ entry pathway depends on the unloading of the SR Ca2+stores, but not on the rise in [Ca2+]cyt, inasmuch as it is not inhibited by buffering the cytosolic Ca2+ with BAPTA. This pathway is inhibited by 10 mM Mg2+ and 10 μM La3+. These properties are consistent with the idea that the SOC are responsible for this Na+ entry. Our data also indicate that elevating external Ca2+inhibits Na+ entry and that these channels have aP Ca/P Naof ∼8, which is in the range of published values for some SOC channels (35, 46). Because many SOC are permeable to Na+, [Na+]o≫ [Ca2+]o, and arterial myocytes possess these channels, we might expect the SOC to be a significant Na+ entry pathway in these cells. Indeed, vasoconstrictors such as serotonin and vasopressin, which mobilize SR Ca2+ and evoke Ca2+ transients, also induce Na+ entry and elevate [Na+]cyt(6, 7). Therefore, it seems surprising that the role of SOC in Na+ entry and Na+ homeostasis has not been appreciated.
Na+ entry through SOC and resting [Na+]cyt.
SOC are normally activated by unloading the SR Ca2+ stores; nevertheless, some of these channels are likely to be spontaneously active under normal resting conditions when the Ca2+stores are replete. In resting cells, we observed that [Na+]cytwas markedly influenced by [Mg2+]o: lowering [Mg2+]ofrom 1.4 to 0.33 mM elevated [Na+]cytfrom 8.7 to 9.4 mM, whereas raising [Mg2+]oto 10 or 20 mM (or adding 10 μM La3+) for long periods caused [Na+]cytto decline to 5.1 mM. Mg2+ and La3+ may not be selective inhibitors of SOC channels, so we cannot be certain that the resting Na+ entry inhibited by Mg2+ is mediated solely by SOC. Nevertheless, the 10 mM Mg2+-induced decline in [Na+]cytraises the possibility that SOC may contribute as much as 40–50% of the entering Na+ (i.e., the Mg2+-inhibitable component) in resting mesenteric artery myocytes. These results reveal that external Mg2+ is an important regulator ofP Na in these cells.
A prolonged rise in [Na+]cytstimulates Na+pump activity.
Another unanticipated finding was that prolonged elevation of [Na+]cytincreases the rate of extrusion of Na+ via the ouabain-sensitive Na+ pump (Fig. 7). This increase in Na+ pump activity occurred with a delay of 5–10 min. It seems most unlikely that this delay was a direct result of an increase in pump "substrate" (i.e., internal Na+), because the rise in [Na+]cytpreceded the increase in Na+ pump activity. The delay suggests that a secondary event, such as a phosphorylation of the Na+ pump (4), may be responsible. This may serve as a "physiological safety valve," so that adequate Na+can be extruded under conditions of chronic stimulation in which [Na+]cytmay rise above normal.
Is SOC the route of Na+ entry for modulating Ca2+signaling by ouabain?
As illustrated in Fig. 9, brief (30-s) exposure of the arterial myocytes to 100 nM ouabain augmented the Ca2+ transients evoked by vasoconstrictors (e.g., ANG II and PE) that mobilize SR Ca2+; this augmentation depended on external Na+. Inasmuch as the exposure to this low concentration of ouabain also was brief, it is unlikely to have raised "bulk" [Na+]cyt, because the most prevalent Na+pump catalytic (α) subunit in these cells is the α1-subtype (21), which has a low affinity for ouabain (in rat, IC50∼ 100 μM) (4). Indeed, our unpublished results reveal that a 10-min exposure to 100 nM ouabain does not raise [Na+]cytin these myocytes. Thus the augmentation by low-dose ouabain must be mediated by the ouabain-sensitive (IC50 < 50 nM) α3-isoform of the Na+ pump (4), which is restricted to PL microdomains that overlie the myocyte "junctional" (subplasmalemmal) SR (jSR) (21). Interestingly, SOC (19, 25) and the Na+/Ca2+exchangers (20, 33) are likely to be clustered with the high ouabain affinity Na+ pumps in these same PL microdomains. Therefore, we propose the following hypothesis to account for the results in Fig. 9: Normally, at rest, the Na+ that enters via SOCNE (Fig. 6) is very rapidly extruded by the nearby α3-type Na+ pumps (21). When these pumps are inhibited by 100 nM ouabain, applied along with the vasoconstrictors, the local [Na+]cytwithin the tiny diffusion-restricted volume of cytosol (estimated to be 10−19–10−18liters) between the PL and adjacent jSR (separated by 10–15 nm) (39, 41) rises within seconds, i.e., before the peak of the agonist-evoked Ca2+ transient. At this low concentration of ouabain, the uniformly distributed, "housekeeping" α1-type Na+ pumps are not affected, so that the bulk [Na+]cytdoes not change. However, the reduced Na+ gradient across the PL microdomains impairs Ca2+extrusion locally, because the Na+/Ca2+exchangers are located here (20, 33). The rise in local Ca2+ concentration should enhance Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from more central regions of the SR and, thereby, rapidly amplify the "global" Ca2+ transients. Additional factors that may contribute to the augmented signaling include increased release of "trigger Ca2+" from the jSR because of sensitization of the inositol trisphosphate receptors and/or increased Ca2+ storage in the jSR and, possibly, increased Ca2+ entry across the PL; these possibilities are, however, too speculative to warrant further discussion here.
The aforementioned sequence of events not only may explain the vasotonic actions of low-dose cardiotonic steroids (42) but also may reveal a more general mechanism. Via this mechanism, isoform-specific changes in Na+ pump activity, mediated by protein kinases (4) or endogenous inhibitors (14), may regulate Ca2+ signaling and cell responsiveness in many other types of cells.
Implications of Na+ entry through SOC for the modulation of vascular tone.
The mechanism described in Is SOC the route of Na+ entry for modulating Ca2+signaling by ouabain? may also provide a role for SOCNE in the tonic modulation of vascular contractility. Others have suggested that Ca2+ entry via SOC may help regulate smooth muscle tone (11). The present results now suggest that interplay between the rate of SOCNE and the rate of Na+ pump-mediated Na+ extrusion, which may be altered by neurotransmitters such as dopamine (5) and inhibitors such as ouabain, may affect arterial tone by altering the rate of Ca2+ extrusion via Na+/Ca2+exchange.
Our findings may also help elucidate the "calcium paradox" phenomenon in vascular smooth muscle (49) and the antihypertensive action of Mg2+ (45). Withdrawal of extracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+ promotes an Na+ influx in arterial myocytes that is unaffected by L-type Ca2+channel blockers, whereas restoration of Ca2+ then induces contraction [the calcium paradox (49)]. Under these conditions, we suggest that Na+ entry may occur through SOC, inasmuch as the entry is inhibited by divalent cations such as Mg2+, Mn2+, and Ni2+ (49), all of which block SOC (17, 46, 47, 52). When Ca2+ is restored, the elevated [Na+]cytmay induce a contraction by promoting Ca2+ entry via Na+/Ca2+exchange, although Ca2+ entry through SOC and through L-type Ca2+ channels (activated by depolarization) and receptor-operated channels may also contribute (2,11).
The influence of Mg2+ on blood pressure has been the subject of numerous studies (1, 45). Epidemiological data reveal an inverse relationship between dietary Mg2+ and blood pressure (45). Although clinical trials of dietary Mg2+ supplementation in patients with essential hypertension have yielded inconsistent results (22), intravenous Mg2+ (as MgSO4) has long been used to lower blood pressure in the toxemias of pregnancy (37). Our results now suggest that these effects may be due, at least in part, to the ability of Mg2+ to block SOC and thereby diminish Na+ and Ca2+ entry and inhibit vasoconstriction.
In summary, our results demonstrate that Ca2+ signaling in arterial myocytes is critically influenced by the coentry of Na+ and Ca2+ through the SOC pathway. Under resting conditions, some Na+enters cells via the SOC, and mobilization of stored Ca2+ opens these channels and greatly increases Na+ entry. In turn, the entering Na+ influences Ca2+ storage and release and, thereby, plays a key role in modulating cell signaling. The magnitude of this effect is determined by the amount of Na+ that enters and by the activities of the Na+ pumps and the Na+/Ca2+exchangers colocalized with SOC in junctional microdomains of the PL. This role of dual-ion permeation in Ca2+ signaling may be applicable to numerous types of cells in which SOC have been reported (10).
We thank K. Strauss for cell cultures, V. A. Golovina and M. Juhaszova for help with imaging methods, Y. Arnon for assistance with statistics, B. K. Krueger and D. Weinreich for comments on a preliminary version of the manuscript, and TEFLABS for a gift of fluorescent dyes.
Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: M. P. Blaustein, Dept. of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201.
This study was supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Grant HL-45215 (to M. P. Blaustein).
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact.
↵1 Cation (M) concentrations in "bulk" cytosol and in the extracellular fluid are denoted by [M]cytand [M]o, respectively, where M is Na+, K+, Ca2+, or Mg2+.
- Copyright © 2000 the American Physiological Society


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Hotel Rwanda Trailer (2004)
"When the world closed its eyes, he opened his arms." 11 September 2004 Drama, History, War 121 mins
Inspired by true events, this film takes place in Rwanda in the 1990s when more than a million Tutsis were killed in a genocide that went mostly unnoticed by the rest of the world. Hotel owner Paul Rusesabagina houses over a thousand refuges in his hotel in attempt to save their lives.
Watch the official Hotel Rwanda 2004 trailer in HD below or find more Hotel Rwanda videos on Vidimovie.


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defending Super Y League North American Champions -- opened the game tentatively. However, the midfield gradually gained control and it was in the 20th minute that the first goal in Red Bull Academy history was scored.
After mounting some pressure, the Red Bulls were awarded a corner kick, where Steven Amaya and John Tardy played a short corner. Amaya then found David Reed at the top of the penalty box, who unleashed a 25 yard rocket the ricocheted off the crossbar and goalkeeper's head and into the goal.
The goal seemed to spark the Red Bulls as they continued to surge forward. In the 29th minute Stanley Touze scored off an assist from Walter Hines.
The pressure continued and the Red Bulls were unlucky not to score two more goals before halftime, as Matt Kassel went close on both occasions.
The second half saw the Red Bulls come close to adding to the lead on several more occasion. In the 77th minute, Mario Rios completed the scoring with an unassisted goal.
"We have opened the 2006 season on a great note," said Red Bulls director of youth soccer and player development Giovanni Savarese. "To beat a quality FC Westchester team by this score shows that we are continuing where we left off last season with the Under-16's."
In the second game of the doubleheader, the U-15 Red Bulls played some brilliant attacking soccer in a 3-1 victory.
Putting FC Westchester under pressure from the opening whistle, the Red Bulls scored in the 21st minute with a precise through ball from Evans Asiamah for Drew Fulton's opening goal. Six minutes later Giorgi Chirgadze made it 2-0 when he connected from a Rob Santaniello pass.
However, FC Westchester made it 2-1 when they were awarded a free kick and scored in the 33rd minute.
In the second half the Red Bulls continued to dominate with fierce pressure as FC Westchester were reduced to 10 men. Zachary Gomez scored the final goal with a beautiful volley from a Giorgi Chirgadze assist in the 55th minute.
"For the first game of the year, we were happy with the result, but the coaches and players know we can take our game to the next level at the Dallas Cup" said team captain and U-15 U.S. national team pool player Jossimar Sanchez.
U-17 Red Bulls: Rusnak, Reed, Cuevas, Vazquez, Fartura, Tardy, Amaya, Kassel, Bernardo, Touze, Hines. (SUBS: Lester, Faustino, Rios, Khosroshvili, O'Driscoll, Exantus, Sotelo).
U-15 Red Bulls: Paul, Sanchez(capt.), Howard, Londono, Naumoski, Gomez, Jorgensen, Bosman, Asiamah, Fulton, Ghirgadze. (SUBS: Hot, Lawrence, Rodio, Fergusson, Gamero, Santaniello, Rosenzweig).


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Zimi Meka again named one of Australia's Top 100 Most Influential Engineers
Ausenco's CEO, Zimi Meka, has again been named one of Australia's Top 100 Most Influential Engineers. The 12th edition of Engineers Australia magazine published the 2015 listing which, this year, noted a record turnover of candidates, totalling 37% new faces compared to last year's list. The 2015 list also celebrates a total of 19 women appearing in the Top 100, the highest ever number, up from 11% last year and just 5% the year before.
As well as being listed in Australia's Top 100 Most Influential Engineers list for four of the past six years, Engineers Australia also named Zimi Queensland Professional Engineer of the Year in 2013. His contributions to the industry have also been acknowledged by Queensland University of Technology who in 2008 named him Alumnus of Year, and in 2009 he was awarded the Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy's Institute Medal. Zimi continues to be one of 11 prominent business leaders taking a public stand on the issue of gender diversity as a Queensland Male Champions of Change.
Zimi acknowledges the continued dedication and hard work of Ausenco's people in finding value-adding solutions to provide the best possible service for clients as contributing to his place in the Top 100 listing again this year.
To view Zimi's profile listing click here.


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J Sainsbury may be attracting most of the attention among supermarkets following a near 4% decline in its shares following a disappointing first quarter update.
But analysts at Shore Capital have pointed out a report which suggests that rival Morrisons is finally succumbing to the discount voucher fever that runs through the rest of the sector. Shore's Clive Black and Darren Shirley said:
We note Just Food's story that Morrison is engaged in a circa ten store trial in north-east England with respect to the introduction of vouchers. Whilst the details are sketchy at this stage it is reported that two types of voucher are being explored; full basket discounts and specific product offers.
Morrison has not engaged in vouchers largely because if a lack of technical capability compared to its competitors but also a lack of support for the tool. Asda and Sainsbury [have been] issuing heavily in 2011 through the Price Guarantee and Brand Match initiatives respectively, amongst other mechanisms. Having lost out to vouchers at Christmas, Tesco UK joined the fray in 2012 with a variety for issues, including those linking basket size to fuel. Tesco chief executive Philip Clarke, this week committed to remaining in the voucher feast for as long as necessary, although he commented that it was not the solution to the core chain's deficiencies.
As for Morrisons, the work on vouchers is interesting to our minds. Morrison has been losing market share at the wrong time in its self improvement cycle to our minds. As we have written elsewhere, Morrisons should be at least holding its own [but] for whatever reasons, [it] seems to be losing customers or at least some custom to more discount or every day low price-orientated retailers, particularly Aldi and Asda. Those customers are not yet seemingly buying into the range and category reviews in-store even though these new ranges are said by the company to be trading well; if the new ranges are performing well it means very substantial steps back in volumes from the more traditional ranges and categories may be taking place to our minds.
At the same time, Morrison does not seem to be attracting new customers favouring higher category and specialist lines that are more on offer than was the case in the past. All this is happening whilst Tesco UK, until recently the somewhat slumbering but still market leader, is starting to act on its promises to self improve; self-improvement that can be expected to curtail the trade's room for manoeuvre in general and not just Morrisons in particular. To the extent that vouchers are a source of competitive deficiency is interesting to note; it was seemingly the case for Tesco UK. To the extent that vouchers can quickly change Morrisons' trading momentum is more questionable.
With Sainsbury sending the sector lower, Morrisons' shares are down 3.1p at 277.1p.


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Temper Trailer (2015)
13 February 2015 Action 147 mins
Daya, a corrupt police officer, is transferred to Vizag and becomes involved with Walter Vasu, a local crook. When Walter kidnaps Daya's girlfriend, Daya goes to war with Water's criminal empire.
Watch the official Temper 2015 trailer in HD below or find more Temper videos on Vidimovie.


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Health Psychology
Health Psychology
Shelley E. Taylor
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Self growth
At the beginning of the novel, Tita was a generally submissive young lady. As the novel progresses, Tita learns to disobey the injustice of her mother, and gradually becomes more and more adept at expressing her inner fire through various means. At first, cooking was her only outlet, but through self-discovery she learned to verbalize and actualize her feelings, and stand up to her despotic mother..
Cruelty and violence
Mama Elena often resorts to cruelty and violence as she forces Tita to obey her. Many of the responsibilities she imposes on Tita, especially those relating to Pedro and Rosaura's wedding, are blatant acts of cruelty, given Tita's pain over losing Pedro. Mama Elena meets Tita's slightest protest with angry tirades and beatings. If she even suspects that Tita has not fulfilled her duties, as when she thought that Tita intentionally ruined the wedding cake, she beats her. When Tita dares to stand up to her mother and to blame her for Roberto's death, Mama Elena smacks her across the face with a wooden spoon and breaks her nose. This everyday cruelty does not seem so unusual, however, in a land where a widow must protect herself and her family from bandits and revolutionaries. However, many readers feel that her setting Pedro on fire and almost killing him is much more severe than her previous actions.
The romantic love that is so exalted throughout the novel is forbidden by Tita's mother in order to blindly enforce the tradition that the youngest daughter be her mother's chaste guardian. However, the traditional etiquette enforced by Mama Elena is defied progressively throughout the novel. This parallels the setting of the Mexican Revolution growing in intensity. The novel further parallels the Mexican Revolution because during the Mexican Revolution the power of the country was in the hands of a select few and the people had no power to express their opinions. Likewise, in Like Water for Chocolate, Mama Elena represents the select few who had the power in their hands, while Tita represents the people because she had no power to express her opinions but had to obey her mother's rules.
Food is also one of the major themes in the story which is seen throughout the story. It is used very creatively to represent the characters feelings and situations.