text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Oct 4, 2011
|Filing date
|Jun 7, 2004
|Priority date
|Jun 5, 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Baolin Tan, Mazen Abdul-Hamed Abdin, Maotai Hu
|Original Assignee
|Dcs Copy Protection Limited
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (80), Non-Patent Citations (16), Referenced by (1), Classifications (19), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to methods of disrupting the processing of video signals, so as to inhibit copying, and to systems for counteracting such disruption methods.
It is well known that films and other video material distributed on video tape, or by means such as direct broadcast or cable, are often subject to copying onto tape, much of which is in breach of the rights owners' rights.
As a result technologies have been developed which modify the video signal recorded on the original video tape, or in the form in which it is otherwise distributed, in a way which interferes with the normal operation of a standard video recorder so that copies made of such modified video signals cannot be played, or the viewability or playback quality of such recorded video signals is impaired. One well known such technology is licensed by Macrovision Corporation.
Recently, digital technology has become available for distribution of video material. Concerns have been expressed that such material is of much higher quality and thus that much higher quality copies may be made. In addition, it is now possible to make digital copies of video material that is intended for viewing on display devices such as television receivers or similar apparatus, and, once made, these can be further reproduced with little degradation in quality. It has been found that the existing copy protection processes, such as that most commonly licensed by Macrovision, are not effective, at least in some circumstances, to prevent digital copying of analogue video signals.
We have therefore appreciated that there is a need for further copy protection technology to impair copying of analogue video material to digital form.
The invention is defined by the independent claims to which reference should now be made. Advantageous features are set forth in the appendant claims.
Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail, by way of example, and with reference to the drawings in which:
The preferred embodiment of the invention provides a method of modifying a video signal in a manner which impairs its conversion by an analogue to digital video converter. The term analogue to digital video converter is used to refer to any system which converts an analogue video signal into a digital signal, and may therefore also include video capture systems using such converters. Examples of such systems are video capture cards, and systems such as the TIVO system, and DVD recorders.
It is not material whether the resulting digital signal is recorded or not, although clearly following most conversion processes the digital signal is recorded at least temporarily. Otherwise the signal may simply be processed in digital processing equipment.
As is well known, a conventional analogue video signal includes several video components. One of these components is a pulse which is designed to identify the point at which the end of one line of active video occurs, and the next starts (at which point the television set executes a horizontal retrace). This pulse is known as a horizontal synchronisation pulse. Immediately prior to the horizontal synchronisation pulse, there is a region known as the front porch, and immediately after the horizontal synchronisation pulse there is a region known as the back porch. The latter extends from the horizontal synchronisation pulse to the beginning of the active video—the point at which the picture information starts for the next line.
A modified video signal, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, will now be described. The modified video signal is such that the signal when viewed on a standard television or other display device shows an image of acceptable viewability, but, when applied to a video capture system either cannot be properly converted or is converted to a digital signal which cannot be played or which, when played, shows an image which is not of acceptable viewability. The modifications to the video signal in the modified video signal are referred to below as "disruption components".
The modifications or disruption components take the form of a horizontal sync pulse with altered amplitude, as well as an additional pulse added to the back porch, or to the region adjacent the back porch in the active line of the signal. The amplitude of the horizontal sync pulse may be altered, either by increasing its amplitude over at least part of the duration of the pulse, or reducing its amplitude over at least part of the duration of the pulse. The amplitude of the sync pulse in this case is understood to be the difference between 0V and, the level of the tip of the sync pulse.
In accordance with broadcast standards applicable to NTSC and PAL video signals the horizontal sync pulse typically has an amplitude of about −300 mV, relative to the black level, or black clamping level. In such a case the sync pulse amplitude of the modified video signal is arranged to be between −280 mV and −150 mV, that is from 20 mV to 150 mV higher than the normal level, and preferably between −250 mV and −200 mV.
Alternatively the sync pulse absolute amplitude may be increased. For example the amplitude may be increased to a level of −600 mV. Preferably it is increased to a level of between −320 mV and −500 mV, preferably about −350 mV and −450 mV.
In either case the increase or decrease in amplitude is for at least part of the duration of the sync pulse. Preferably it is for a duration of about 30 to 100% of the pulse in the case of an increase and 30 to 90% in the case of a decrease, for example for a duration of between 50% and 100% and 50% and 90% respectively of the pulse duration. Preferably the duration is from about 2 to 4 microseconds, preferably about 3 microseconds. The amplitude decrease or increase may occur at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of the pulse; however, preferably in the case of a decrease in absolute amplitude it occurs after the beginning of the sync pulse and may continue to the end of the sync pulse.
The alteration in amplitude may occur on each line on which a horizontal synchronisation pulse occurs, or it may occur on only some such lines. If the altered pulses do not occur on every line, they may be clustered, for example they may occur particularly in advance of the vertical blanking interval. Further the alterations may vary from line to line or from one group of lines to another. The alterations may be absent in some fields and present in other fields. For example the increased amplitude alteration may occur on a cluster of lines, followed by the reduced amplitude alteration. There should be sufficient altered lines to ensure an appropriate level of effectiveness.
One effect of the horizontal sync pulse amplitude alterations is to change the brightness of the image on capture by the video capture system. Thus a decreased amplitude alteration results in the image being converted and/or recorded at a level brighter than the original. In extreme cases this may result in saturation of the image, with the result that areas of the image appear white. The increased amplitude alteration has the effect that the image is converted and/or recorded less brightly than the original, and may result in significant loss of visible definition in the viewed image. Switching between the increased amplitude alteration and the reduced amplitude alteration can cause an irritating change in brightness of the viewed image, on capture by the video capture system.
Additionally, the preferred embodiment of a modified video signal includes at least a part of the back porch, which is made higher or lower in comparison to the 0V level. Alternatively modification to a region of the active video line adjacent the back porch, preferably making it negative, can also be used, and this will be described later.
In accordance with the broadcast standards applicable to NTSC and PAL signals the region after the horizontal sync pulse called the back porch contains information which is designed to enable the television receiver to decipher a video signal correctly. In particular, the mean level of the back porch, or part of it, has a voltage level of 0V, and is used to determine the "black level" of the television receiver, that is the signal level which represents black on the image. The disruption component used in the back porch is therefore a positive or negative pulse, preferably having a positive or negative amplitude of between 30 and 200 mV, preferably from 50 to 150 mV.
Such a pulse may vary in duration, preferably it has a duration of about 250 ns to 4 μs, preferably 1 μs to 4 μs, for example around 3 μs. The pulse may occur immediately following the horizontal synchronisation pulse, or at a period after the horizontal synchronisation pulse, for example during the colour burst; preferably it occurs during the colour burst or about 4.8 μs after the falling (leading) edge of the horizontal sync pulse, in a PAL standard signal.
It should be understood that the dotted lines show the signal when the relevant modification is present, and that the diagrams are intended to be schematic and not to a uniform scale. Lowering or raising the level of the back porch in this way has been unexpectedly found to impair the operation of many analogue to digital converters to which the modified signal may be input.
We have also found that the location of the additional pulse need not be limited to the back porch following the horizontal synchronization pulse. It may for example occur later, preferably within 10 μs to 30 μs of the falling/leading edge of the horizontal sync pulse, assuming a standard PAL signal. This would mean however that the additional pulse would occur in the active video region, and may occur partly in the back porch region as well. For this reason if the additional pulse is added to the signal outside of the back porch, it should only be done so on lines which fall in the overscan part of the picture. Otherwise, the presence of the pulse may be visible. The pulse can also be added during the vertical blanking part of the signal
In a trial, a PAL video signal modified according to the preferred embodiment was applied to the input of a DAZZLE DV-Bridge external video capture card, which was inserted into a PC running PowerDirector software. The modified signal is illustrated in the oscilloscope trace of in
The same tests were carried out with other systems and a "TIVO" computer based video recorder with similar results.
When the test was repeated with the DAZZLE Video Capture card using a NTSC standard signal modified in accordance with the invention, the video capture card/capture software stopped operating and no signal was recorded at all.
The modified video signal according to the preferred embodiment may be recorded on tape or other medium such as DVD or CD, including in a digital format, or may form part of a broadcast signal (which term is used to include video-on-demand), or may be introduced at the point of use by the user, for example in a system which decodes an incoming signal, for example a digital signal, and provides an analogue output for use, for example, by a standard analogue input television set. In this way, it will not be possible to copy the signal via conversion to a digital signal. One method of breaching the right owner's rights will therefore be prevented.
A method of disrupting the correct processing of a video signal by a video capture system will now be described in more detail, with reference to
As described above, modification of the original video signal into a form which impairs capture, can be performed in a number of different ways, depending on whether the amplitudes of the horizontal sync pulse, and the level of the back porch are raised or lowered, over all or part of their width, or whether one or the other is not modified. Additionally, instead of modification of the back porch, a pulse may be added after the horizontal sync pulse in a position which falls in the active line of the video signal, preferably in regions which will not be viewed on screen.
The horizontal sync pulse alteration and back porch alteration may be used together, or separately. Preferably they are used together however as the effects can be more drastic. The effects which have been observed when using both modifications include complete loss of the signal by the video capture card, so that no conversion takes place at all, either through very severe break up or pixelation of the image leading to substantial degradation of the recorded image.
Choosing which of these modifications to make, and to what extent is however dependent on the target video capture system which it is desired to impair. Video capture systems, such as video capture cards, DVD recorders and bespoke recording systems such as "TIVO" systems may for example vary in their ability to tolerate variations from the broadcast standard signal. Preferably, therefore a response model for each of the target video capture systems is maintained. In the method, the step of modifying the original video signal, then involves consulting the response model, step S3, and selecting the modifications to make in dependence on the response model and the target video capture system. The dotted lines in
Alternatively, if the target video capture system is not known, then preferably the type of modification made to the original video signal is varied from line to line, or every pre-determined number of lines, such that the effect of the modification is experienced at least periodically in any resulting signal that is recorded. This will still impair the resulting playback sufficiently so that the resulting recorded signal is not enjoyable to view. The variation of the modifications can be based on different response models which are cycled in turn as described above.
Varying the amplitude of the modifications can additionally give improved playback on the display device as well as an increase in effectiveness of the protection. For example, if the amplitude of the modification is varied between zero, at which point the signal is identical to the original, unmodified signal, and full scale, at which the modifications are present at a maximum strength, then the display device can often compensate during the unmodified regions for any instability caused during the modified regions. Varying the amplitude of the modification to the horizontal synchronisation pulse in this way will be understood to be equivalent to varying the amplitude of the horizontal sync pulse itself.
The effect of the modifications is still experienced when analogue to digital conversion is attempted. Varying the signal between zero and full scale with a period of between 100 ms and 4 s has been found in practice to have a beneficial effect.
Also, it will be appreciated that the modified signal needs still to be viewable on a display device such as a television when it is received in its analogue un-recorded form. Also, as is well known, the ability of television sets of different manufacture to display video signals varies. Thus some television sets are able to display signals which differ from the normal broadcast signal adequately or to an acceptable level of viewability, while others are not able to do so or only display such a signal poorly. The method above may therefore preferably contain a step of consulting a display device response model to check for compatibility. This is also shown as step S3 in
Apparatus for creating the modified signal in accordance with the invention can be made in accordance with well known principles by those skilled in the art. For example, in the case of a pre-existing video signal, the signal can be fed into a circuit which identifies the synchronization pulse. The circuit is commonly known as a sync separator. A separate circuit which is triggered by the timing information from the sync separator can then be used to generate the signals of each of the desired disruption components, at the correct timing for addition to the unmodified video signal, and the generated signals can be added to the unmodified signals, for example through a mixing circuit.
Means for creating a modified video signal in accordance with the invention could be implemented as hardware or as software, or as a combination of hardware and software components.
Systems for processing an analogue video signal to create a modified analogue signal at the output may be provided for example to consumers, in the form of set top boxes or the like. In such a case, the system may be adjustable so as to optimise viewability for the particular television viewing equipment used by that consumer while ensuring an optimal level of conversion impairment. To achieve this converter response model and a display device response model data are incorporated, as a look up table for example, in the device, so that the user can select at least the display device used.
The invention further provides for a system holding data comprising information about the parameter optimisation for a representative set of television viewing equipment and video capture systems, and may further provide means for remotely setting the parameters in accordance with the information in the data holding system and information provided by the user.
Such systems may further be switchable remotely, so that only certain programme material is modified by the inclusion of disruption components, while other material may be left unmodified so that the user can make acceptable copies of it.
The above description of a method and corresponding apparatus assumes that a response model for the video capture systems is known when the modifications are applied to the original video signal. If this is not the case however, or if it desired to generate such a model, then it will be necessary to investigate the effects of the modifications on different video capture systems, as well as different display devices, and make a decision as to which modifications are desirable and which are not.
Rather than cycling the types of modifications made, it may be beneficial to determine an optimised modification for the largest range of capture devices and display devices possible. The modified video signal should of course be such that it has an inhibiting effect at least on "standard" or commonly used video capture systems currently in use; and in particular those having an analogue to digital conversion system which has a sync pulse amplitude responsive gain adjustment means and/or black level adjustment means responsive to the level of the, or part of the, back porch.
In this scheme, in choosing which modifications to make the original video signal, the object is to permit viewing on a "standard" television, or as many sets of different manufacture as possible, and at the same time to impair the "pirateability" of the signal such as by the making of a digital copy using a video capture system. In doing so the user, that is the operator, of the protection system, must make a compromise which optimises the degree of digital processing disruption (for example copy protection or conversion impairment)—that is the extent of interference with copying and the number of systems on which interference occurs (referred to generally in this application as "conversion impairment"), against the requirement to ensure that the original signal remains viewable to a reasonably acceptable standard ("viewability") on as many different models of television (or other viewing means which use an analogue video input) as possible. In short the user must choose a good balance between impairing pirateability and maintaining viewability.
Accordingly, a method of choosing the parameters for such a signal will now be described. The method comprises evaluating the impact of the aforesaid disruption components in a number of video capture systems and choosing the relevant parameters to optimise the effect. To assess the effects, a panel of representative viewers or persons skilled in determining whether an image is unacceptably impaired may be used. Also, analytical computer based methods involving comparison of the content of the original modified signal and the resulting digital signal may be used.
The method preferably also comprises applying the modified video signal in analogue form to a display device, such as a television set, evaluating the impact of the disruption components on the playback of the signal on the device, and choosing parameters which permit the modified video signal to be viewed on such equipment to an acceptable level of viewability. Again, panels of representative viewers, skilled persons, or analytical computer based techniques may be used to determine what is acceptable.
Preferably, the steps of evaluating the effect of the disruption components on the analogue to digital converter and the display device are carried out simultaneously, or substantially simultaneously, so that the parameters of one or more disruption components can be adjusted, and the balance between conversion impairment and viewability, maximized.
The parameters of the disruption components which may be varied during the tests may include the duration of the signal comprising the disruption component, the magnitude of the signal and its location, as well as the rate of change of each of the foregoing parameters, for example if the magnitude of the signal is increased and decreased in a stepwise or continuous manner.
Preferably such conversion impairment parameter optimisation process is carried out in relation to a plurality of video capture systems and a plurality of television viewing equipment. In certain cases video capture systems may not be affected by the disruption components to a material degree and in such case such video capture systems may be excluded from such testing. Likewise certain television viewing equipment may not reach an acceptable standard of viewability and may for that reason be excluded from testing.
It should be understood that these modifications differ from modifications used to protect signals from copying on a standard video tape recorder. When testing the modified video signal on standard video tape recorders there was little impact on the copyability of the modified signals.
The expression 'modified video signal' in this application, is not restricted to the situation in which an unmodified signal (for example a broadcast standard signal) is input into modification circuitry in order to add the disruption components, and also includes therefore a signal which may is created ab initio. For example, the 'modified video signal' may be created by combining the picture information from one source with standard timing and control information (such as horizontal sync pulses and colour bursts) from another source, and the disruption components from a third source. In another example, the timing and disruption components may be created from one source, and added to the picture information.
Ways of making acceptable copies of a video signal containing one or more disruption components will now be considered. These can be thought of as circumvention processes, reducing the effects of the disruption components to an acceptable level or negating the effects of the disruption components altogether. Making copies includes successfully converting an analogue signal to a digital signal, even if the digital signal is not finally recorded.
Such methods may involve one or more of inserting a signal which cancels or reduces one or more of the disruption components; replacing the section of the video signal which has been modified by the inclusion of the disruption components by a section which is acceptable to the video capture system; or inserting a signal which is interpreted by video capture system in a manner which cancels the effect of the disruption component. Additionally, use of a video capture system which is insensitive to the disruption components may also circumvent the protection provided by the invention.
"Copying" a video signal modified in accordance with the present invention, may therefore be made by inputting such a signal into a video capture system which is insensitive to or is designed to be insensitive to one or more of the disruption components.
Where the circumvention process comprises the addition of a further signal which cancels the disruption components, the addition will depend on the nature of the disruption component itself. For example, if in the relevant disruption component, the amplitude of the horizontal sync pulse is increased or decreased the method may simply insert a sync pulse of the correct amplitude or sufficiently correct amplitude. Alternatively, a pulse of the opposite magnitude to the existing alteration to the sync pulse tip may be inserted, either so as to eliminate or reduce the existing alteration, or to reverse its effect. A counteracting pulse on the sync tip, such as a short duration high pulse for example, having the opposite polarity to the existing alteration to the sync tip and the opposite effect on the video capture system as the existing disruption component, may still allow the horizontal synchronization pulse to be recognised by the video capture system.
If the back porch level is altered, the method may insert a signal at about the 0 volts level. Alternatively, the method may blank the signal in the region of the back porch and insert a replacement signal conforming to the appropriate standards, or such that the signal can be converted effectively by the video capture system. If the disruption component in the active signal line is added, then a counteracting pulse may be added.
The specific examples are intended as illustrations of embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that there are many other ways of performing the invention.
In particular, the amplitudes referred to in the description are in accordance with the positive transmission scheme employed in PAL and NTSC. It will be appreciated that the invention could also be used however with negative transmission schemes.
The invention has been found to have application in preventing the operation of a number of analogue to digital conversion devices, such as the Hollywood DV-Bridge, DVC 80, and DVC 150 made by DAZZLE Multimedia, Theatre 2000 of ATI, AVDV Video Capture Board of Pinacle Systems, AV-800 of Top Step Technology, and DVD Recorders such as the DMR-E30 of Panasonic.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 30, 1975
|Apr 25, 1978
|Cook Laboratories, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for preparing recorded program material to prevent unauthorized duplication by magnetic tape recording
|Mar 17, 1977
|Jul 11, 1978
|Sony Corporation
|Method of and apparatus for modifying a video signal to prevent unauthorized recording and reproduction thereof
|Mar 22, 1977
|Jul 31, 1979
|Sony Corporation
|Method of and apparatus for modifying a video signal to prevent unauthorized recording and reproduction thereof
|Aug 24, 1981
|Feb 18, 1986
|Hofstein Steven R
|Method of and apparatus for modifying a video signal to prevent the unauthorized recording and reproduction thereof
|Nov 14, 1983
|Mar 18, 1986
|Method and apparatus for modifying the color burst to prohibit videotape recording
|Jul 3, 1984
|Dec 2, 1986
|Method and apparatus for removing phase modulation from the color burst
|Apr 17, 1985
|Dec 23, 1986
|Method and apparatus for processing a video signal so as to prohibit the making of acceptable video tape recordings thereof
|Jun 24, 1983
|Feb 17, 1987
|Tvi Systems, Ltd.
|Anti-copy system
|Mar 4, 1986
|Sep 22, 1987
|Method and apparatus for removing pseudo-sync and/or agc pulses from a video signal
|Jun 1, 1987
|Jan 31, 1989
|Samuel R. Freeman
|Method and device for preventing tape piracy
|Apr 14, 1987
|Apr 4, 1989
|Macrovision Corporation
|Method and apparatus for clustering modifications made to a video signal to inhibit the making of acceptable videotape recordings
|Mar 18, 1988
|Dec 19, 1989
|Shinano Kikaku Company Ltd.
|Noncopiably recorded videotape and noncopiably videotape-recording system
|Jun 13, 1990
|Dec 17, 1991
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Method and apparatus for the protection of signal copy
|Nov 12, 1991
|Oct 13, 1992
|Noller Robert R
|Method and apparatus for manufacturing pre-recorded videotape programs
|Nov 8, 1989
|Nov 3, 1992
|U.S. Philips Corporation
|Coder for incorporating an auxiliary information signal in a digital audio signal, decoder for recovering such signals from the combined signal, and record carrier having such combined signal recorded thereon
|Nov 13, 1990
|Mar 16, 1993
|Macrovision Corporation
|Method and apparatus for disabling anti-copy protection system in video signals
|Jun 21, 1991
|Oct 5, 1993
|Young Philip L
|Method and apparatus for modifying a video signal to inhibit unauthorized videotape recording and subsequent reproduction thereof
|Mar 18, 1993
|May 24, 1994
|Macrovision Corporation
|Copy protection for hybrid digital video tape recording and unprotected source material
|Apr 13, 1993
|Feb 28, 1995
|Kahn; Leonard R.
|Anti-copy system utilizing audible and inaudible protection signals
|Jun 29, 1994
|Apr 30, 1996
|Macrovision Corporation
|Method and apparatus for copy protection for various recording media
|Jun 2, 1993
|Jun 4, 1996
|Sony Corporation
|Circuit for including a copy-inhibit signal with a video signal
|May 17, 1993
|Dec 10, 1996
|Macrovision Corporation
|Video copy protection process enhancement to introduce horizontal and vertical picture distortions
|Sep 20, 1993
|Dec 17, 1996
|Young; Philip L.
|Method and apparatus for modifying a video signal to inhibit unauthorized videotape recording and subsequent reproduction thereof
|Mar 8, 1995
|Mar 4, 1997
|Macrovision Corporation
|Method and apparatus for scrambling and descrambling of video signal with edge fill
|Sep 12, 1996
|Feb 17, 1998
|Solana Technology Develpment Corporation
|Multi-media copy management system
|Apr 24, 1995
|Apr 7, 1998
|Technicolor Videocassette, Inc.
|Videotape anti-copying encryption scheme
|Jul 18, 1997
|Jul 21, 1998
|Macrovision Corporation
|Method and apparatus for defeating effects of color burst modifications to a video signal
|Sep 6, 1995
|Oct 13, 1998
|Solana Technology Development Corporation
|Method and apparatus for transporting auxiliary data in audio signals
|Jan 14, 1997
|May 25, 1999
|Sony Corporation
|Apparatus and method for reproducing video signals with varying-magnitude AGC signals
|Dec 6, 1996
|Jan 25, 2000
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Method of generating information used for the copy protecting signal and apparatus using the same
|Mar 3, 1997
|Mar 7, 2000
|Sony Corporation
|Video signal processing apparatus and method for securing a copy protection effect, an apparatus for recording/reproducing the processed video signal and a record medium therefor
|Oct 18, 1996
|Mar 21, 2000
|Sony Corporation
|Copy protection by inserting a phase-shifted color burst signal into the burst interval of an analog color video signal
|Jul 22, 1998
|May 16, 2000
|Pioneer Electronic Corporation
|Color video signal demodulating apparatus
|Jan 8, 1998
|Jul 18, 2000
|Macrovision Corporation
|Method and apparatus for recording scrambled video audio signals and playing back said video signal, descrambled, within a secure environment
|May 7, 1997
|Feb 13, 2001
|Microvision Corp
|Method and apparatus for modifications made to a video signal to inhibit the making of acceptable videotape recordings
|May 12, 1997
|Apr 24, 2001
|Sony Corporation
|Video signal copy guard apparatus and method
|Aug 27, 1997
|Jul 31, 2001
|Sony Corporation
|Video signal processing apparatus and signal transmitting method
|Mar 4, 1999
|Aug 7, 2001
|Analog Devices, Inc.
|Synchronization pulse detection circuit
|Mar 12, 1998
|Dec 4, 2001
|Macrovision Corp
|Method and apparatus for modifying the effects of color burst modifications to a video signal
|Apr 4, 1996
|Jun 11, 2002
|Trevor Franklin
|Method and apparatus for treating a video signal
|Jan 20, 1999
|Oct 1, 2002
|Macrovision Corporation
|Method and apparatus for enhancing the scrambling of a TV signal via erroneous clamp signals
|Nov 5, 1996
|Feb 4, 2003
|Macrovision Corp
|Method and apparatus for improving the effects of color burst modifications to a video signal
|Mar 20, 1998
|Jul 29, 2003
|Macrovision Corporation
|Method and apparatus for detecting modified color burst signals to prevent the copying of a video program
|Apr 7, 2000
|Apr 19, 2005
|Dwight Cavendish Systems Limited
|System for protection against copying on magnetic tape recorders
|Jun 30, 1998
|Jun 7, 2005
|Spiro J. Pandelidis High Tech Applications
|Anti-copying system for audio signals
|Jun 5, 2002
|Oct 18, 2005
|Broadcom Corporation
|High impedance digital full line video clamp
|Nov 15, 2001
|Jun 26, 2007
|Macrovision Corporation
|Method and apparatus for providing or enhancing copy protection by adding selected negative-going and positive-going pulses in a video signal HBI
|Mar 23, 2005
|Dec 30, 2008
|Dwight Cavendish Systems Limited
|System for protection against copying on magnetic tape recorders
|May 11, 2001
|Jan 24, 2002
|Qdesign Usa, Inc.
|Adding imperceptible noise to audio and other types of signals to cause significant degradation when compressed and decompressed
|Jun 7, 2002
|Jun 12, 2003
|Rumreich Mark Francis
|Chrominance processing arrangement having immunity to colorstripe encoding
|Apr 16, 2003
|Feb 26, 2004
|Sky Kruse
|Method and system for watermarking digital content and for introducing failure points into digital content
|Jun 13, 2003
|Dec 16, 2004
|Darknoise Technologies Ltd.
|Digital content protection
|Aug 2, 2004
|May 26, 2005
|Arie Wijnen
|Anti-copy protection for a video signal
|Feb 25, 2005
|Jun 30, 2005
|Macrovision Corporation, A Corporation Of Delaware
|Method and apparatus for defeating effects of color burst modifications to a video signal
|Jun 30, 2003
|May 4, 2006
|Baolin Tan
|Method and apparatus for providing a copy-protected video signal
|Oct 13, 2005
|Apr 17, 2008
|Robinson David J M
|Audio Copy Protection System
|Jun 27, 2006
|Aug 13, 2009
|Baolin Tan
|Copy Protection Method and Apparatus
|May 8, 2009
|Dec 3, 2009
|Dwight Cavendish Systems Limited
|Anti-Copy Protection for a Video Signal
|Feb 29, 1988
|Sep 7, 1989
|Thomson Brandt Gmbh
|Method for transmitting an audio signal and an auxiliary signal
|Nov 8, 1989
|Jun 13, 1990
|Philips Electronics N.V.
|Coder for incorporating extra information in a digital audio signal having a predetermined format, decoder for extracting such extra information from a digital signal, device for recording a digital signal on a record carrier, comprising such a coder, and record carrier obtained by means of such a device
|Apr 9, 1990
|Oct 17, 1990
|Philips Electronics N.V.
|Arrangement for recording an audio signal
|Sep 6, 1996
|Mar 19, 1997
|Lg Electronics Inc.
|Illegal view/copy protection method and apparatus for digital broadcasting system
|Sep 11, 1997
|Mar 25, 1998
|Sony Corporation
|Copy protection in data transmission and processing
|Apr 7, 2000
|Jan 9, 2002
|Rakvere Limited
|System for protection against copying on magnetic tape recorders
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Sep 22, 1987
|Apr 7, 1988
|Conny Togeretz
|Method of preventing unauthorized reproduction of the content of video cassette tapes and apparatus for executing the method
|Jun 27, 1995
|Jan 11, 1996
|Macrovision Corporation
|Method and apparatus for copy protection for various recording media
|Apr 4, 1996
|Oct 10, 1996
|Trevor Franklin
|Method and apparatus for treating a video signal
|Jun 16, 1998
|Jan 7, 1999
|Macrovision Corporation
|Protection of a component video signal
|May 4, 1999
|Nov 11, 1999
|Spiro J. Pandelidis High Tech Applications
|Anti-copying methods and devices for digital information signals
|Mar 13, 2001
|Oct 4, 2001
|Macrovision Corporation
|A dynamic video copy protection system
|Mar 30, 2001
|Oct 11, 2001
|High Tech Applications Holdings Limited
|Method and apparatus for processing a video signal for attaining copy protection, a video signal obtained therewith and the use thereof
|May 11, 2001
|Nov 22, 2001
|Qdesign Usa, Inc.
|Adding imperceptible noise to audio and other types of signals to cause significant degradation when compressed and decompressed
|Jul 26, 2001
|Feb 21, 2002
|Macrovision Corporation
|Method and apparatus for enhancing chroma distortion in a video copy protection signal
|Feb 3, 2003
|Aug 7, 2003
|Dwight Cavendish Systems Limited
|Anti-copy protection for a video signal
|Jan 22, 2004
|Aug 5, 2004
|Darknoise Techonolgies Limited
|Digital content protection
|Canadian Office Action dated Dec. 18, 2009, Canada Patent Application No. 2,495,200, 4 pages.
|European Search Report dated Jun. 2, 2008, EP 08002037, 2 pages.
|European Search Report dated Nov. 9, 2009, EP 04736226.4, 2 pages.
|European Search Report dated Sep. 18, 2009, EP 06755644.9, 3 pages.
|Examination Report mailed on Jun. 28, 2007 for European Patent Application 04736226.4, entitled "Digital Processing Disruption System", filed on Jun. 7, 2004 in the name of Dwight Cavendish Systems Limited.
|Foede, W., "Video Copy Processor," Elektor Electronics, Elektor Publishers Ltd., Canterbury GB, Nov. 1, 1997, vol. 23, No. 260, pp. 28-33.
|International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Mar. 2, 2006, PCT/GB2005/003948, 10 pages.
|International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Mar. 20, 2008, PCT/GB2006/002358, 14 pages.
|International Search Report dated Nov. 10, 2003, PCT/GB2003/0002782, 3 pages.
|International Search Report dated Oct. 20, 2003, PCT/GB2003/02782, 3 pages.
|Office Action mailed on Mar. 24, 2009 for Australian Patent Application 2004246229, entitled "Digital Processing Disruption System", filed on Jun. 7, 2004 in the name of Dwight Cavendish Systems Limited.
|United Kingdom Search Report dated Apr. 27, 2004, GB0407606.3, 1 page.
|United Kingdom Search Report dated Aug. 9, 2002, GB 0202384.4, 6 pages.
|United Kingdom Search Report dated Dec. 2, 2002, GB 0215040.7, 1 page.
|United Kingdom Search Report dated Jun. 8, 2004, PCT/GB2004/000269, 3 pages.
|United Kingdom Search Report dated Nov. 30, 2004, GB 04227435 (PCT/GB2004/000269), 2 pages.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 3, 2011
|Sep 16, 2014
|Dcs Copy Protection Ltd.
|Digital processing disruption systems
|U.S. Classification
|386/248, 386/255, 386/257, 386/254, 386/259, 386/258, 386/260, 386/252
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 30, 2006
Owner name: DWIGHT CAVENDISH SYSTEMS LIMITED, UNITED KINGDOM
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:TAN, BAOLIN;ABDIN, MAZEN ABDUL-HAMED;HU, MAOTAI;REEL/FRAME:017692/0005;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060405 TO 20060410
Owner name: DWIGHT CAVENDISH SYSTEMS LIMITED, UNITED KINGDOM
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:TAN, BAOLIN;ABDIN, MAZEN ABDUL-HAMED;HU, MAOTAI;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060405 TO 20060410;REEL/FRAME:017692/0005
|Jul 9, 2009
Owner name: DCS COPY PROTECTION LIMITED, UNITED KINGDOM
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:ECHOSTAR LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:022933/0404
Effective date: 20090615
Owner name: ECHOSTAR LTD., UNITED KINGDOM
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DWIGHT CAVENDISH SYSTEMS LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:022933/0376
Effective date: 20081120
|Mar 18, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|May 30, 2017
Owner name: SMARDTV SA, SWITZERLAND
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DCS COPY PROTECTION LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:042531/0161
Effective date: 20170428
|Jun 6, 2017
Owner name: SMARDTV SA, SWITZERLAND
Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE INCORRECT APPL. NO. 13/231,274 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL: 042531 FRAME: 0161. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT;ASSIGNOR:DCS COPY PROTECTION LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:043004/0213
Effective date: 20170428
|Jul 13, 2017
Owner name: SMARDTV SA, SWITZERLAND
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DCS COPY PROTECTION LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:043001/0719
Effective date: 20170703


text:
It looks like you've lost connection to our server. Please check your internet connection or reload this page.
log in
scroll to top
A Summary of China's Five Special Economic Zones and Their Locations
Page 1 of 1
Continue to see the rest of the document →
Read full document
← View the full, formatted essay now!
Download this essay
Print this essay
Read full document
Get full access to this
document and many more!
Document details:
Words: 492
Similar Essays:
southeast china
chinas economic zone
economic zone

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Cadillac Of South Charlotte Body Shop
Featured Business
ABRA Glass Charlotte10421 S Tryon St.
Charlotte, NC 28273
4.2 miles away
"John said they were excellent."
Review for Cadillac Of South Charlotte Body Shop
Kevin E. on 12/12/2011
Kevin said he was not satisfied with the repair because he had to bring it back. The air conditioner didn't work and it had poor quality control. The park light was out and there was a miscommunication about when then the repairs would be ready, but it all worked out fine.
Category: Collision
Service Date: 11/23/2011
Review Created: 12/12/2011
This review was collected via phone interview by Customer Research Inc.


text:
Welcome to Tacoma World!You are currently viewing as a guest! To get full-access, you need to register for a FREE account.
As a registered member, you'll be able to:
- Participate in all Tacoma discussion topics
- Communicate privately with other Tacoma owners from around the world
- Post your own photos in our Members Gallery
- Access all special features of the site
Alabama thread!
Discussion in 'South East' started by Davtopgun, May 18, 2009.
Page 626 of 2963
Page 626 of 2963
Products Discussed in
Vgate Super Mini Bluetooth OBD2 Scan Tool OBDII Car Diagnostic Code Reader Check Engine Light for Android & PC
HengJia Auto Parts 3D Flexible DIY Automobile motor Interior Exterior Decoration Moulding Trimming Sticker Decorative line(5 m blue)
Camping Hammock, Coofel Portable Double Hammock Nylon Parachute Hammock for Travel Camping with Hammock Straps And Solid Steel Carabiners(Blue & Sky blue)
Shackle Hitch Receiver 2" LIBERRWAY 11000 Lbs Capacity Receiver Shackle Bracket with 3/4" D Ring Shackle, Shackle Isolator and 5/8 Pin for Trucks and SUV's
Gator Grip King Socket The Original Professional Grade Self-Adjusting Universal Socket with over 450FT Pounds of Power. Self-Adjusts for shape and size as well as Standard and Metric Application
BaoFeng BF-F8HP (UV-5R 3rd Gen) 8-Watt Dual Band Two-Way Radio (136-174MHz VHF & 400-520MHz UHF) Includes Full Kit with Large Battery
DC12V 6 Way LED Switch Panel w/ Circuit Control Box and Cable for Car Truck Caravan Boat Yacht Marine
KAWELL 2PCS 7" 51W Red Round LED Work Light Bar Flood Beam 60 degree Waterproof for Off-road Truck Car ATV SUV Jeep Boat 4WD ATV Auxiliary Driving Lamp
G29 Racing Steering Wheel Stand for Logitech G27/G25, G29 and G920 Wheels, Deluxe, Original Wheel Stand Pro Stand. Wheel and Pedals Not included.


text:
Dynamic Mesh Models
has anybody used dynamic mesh modelling or seen Papers on this topic?
Any advice is welcome ;-)
Regards, Marc Popppner
Re: Dynamic Mesh Models
1. Demirdzic I. and Peric M., "Finite Volume Method for Prediction of Fluid Flow in Arbitrarily Shaped Domains with Moving Boundaries", International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, Vol. 10, pp. 771 to 790, 1990
2. Cheng Chin-Hsiang and Hung Kuo-Shu, "Numerical Predictions of Flow and Thermal Fields in a Reciprocating Piston Cylinder Assembly", Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A, Vol. 38, pp. 397 to 421, 2000
3. Catto A.G. and Prata A.T., "A Numerical Study of Instantaneous Heat Transfer during Compression and Expansion in Piston-Cylinder Geometry", Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A, Vol. 38, pp. 281 to 303, 2000.
4. Stroll H., Durst F., Peric M. and Scheuerer G., "Numerical Study of a Piston Driven Unsteady Flow in a Pipe with Sudden Expansion", International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, Vol. 21, pp. 273 to 251, 1995
|All times are GMT -4. The time now is 17:13.


text:
Certain Flame Retardants May Be Banned From Children's Products
OLYMPIA, Wash. (AP) — A Washington state Senate committee has heard stestimony on a bill to ban a...
Pink Slips Going Out at Hanford Nuclear Site
YAKIMA, Wash. (AP) — Cleanup work is likely to be slowed at the nation's most contaminated ...
Jesus Still Invoked at Longview Council Meetings
LONGVIEW, Wash. (AP) — Jesus was mentioned in the invocation for Thursday's city council meeting...
< Palestine/Israeli Peace Talks?
May 08, 2013 06:56
Category: General News
Category: General News
Idaho Revenue To Be Up
BOISE, Idaho (AP) — Idaho's tax revenue is now $79 million ahead of forecasts for the current fiscal year. Over the past month, the state Division of Financial Management says tax revenue jumped 13.2 percent more than the state anticipated. That $56.4 million boost marks the fourth month in a row that state revenue has topped its forecast.


text:
Written on: 10/09/2011
I order with PCM mobiles not knowing anything about them, I ordered 1st September. After paying for 3 working days delivery I didn't receive my order.
I wrote to PCM mobiles and they replied apologizing on the 8th September and they are sending my order now and on the 10th September I got my order which I thought was fast!
I thought my order wouldn't reach me for a few days but they dealt with the problem and delivered my order in a fast time!!
The products are amazing my phone and I Pod looks amazing now!
The small prices you pay for the products is amazing as well.
Good quality for money!
I am defiantly ordering from them again!!
" ZsnwszTQtV " Read More
" Amazingly good screen protectors " Read More
Written by discerningone
" Took money and didn't deliver - do not use " Read More
Written by darkestblue
" A total waste of time and money " Read More
Written by Properties123
" TEGO PHONE SKINS " Read More


text:
On 22-5-1983 Natasha Kai (nickname: Natasha) was born in Kahuku, Hawaii, United States. The TV Presenter (female) is in 2017 famous for Philadelphia Independence, Sky Blue FC. Natasha Kai's starsign is Gemini and she is now 34 years of age.
- 10 incredible celebrity houses & cars
Who is Natasha Kai dating in 2017?
Shall the American TV Presenter (female) Natasha Kai find love in 2017? Vote!
[purple_heart_rating] Must read: 2017's Hottest celebrity wives and girlfriends!
Read: 20 Craziest celeb tattoos!
Does Natasha Kai have official Social Media profiles?
Discuss the latest gossip and rumors (Plastic surgery, Scandals etc) and post the latest photo's and video's of Natasha Kai here:
Facts & TriviaWhere does Natasha Kai live? And how much money does Natasha Kai earn?
|Birth date
|Religion - believes in god?
|She owns an apartment in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
|Estimated Net worth
|7 million Dollar 2017's Top 20 richest actresses!
|Yearly Salary
|N/A Salaries of TV's best paid actors
|Product Endorsements
- Sponsored links -
Possessions, fortune & earningsCurrently no houses listed on Taddlr Currently no cars listed on Taddlr
- 10 incredible celebrity houses & cars
Love, Family & Friends
|Relationship status
|Currently in no confirmed relationship
|Ex-boyfriends or ex-husbands
|Expecting a baby
|She is not pregnant
|Has any kids?
Body Measurements & HealthThis cool beautiful cute TV Presenter (female) originating from Kahuku, Hawaii, United States has a slim body & oval face type.
|173 cm
|Hair color
|Dark brown
|Eye color
|Dark Brown
|58 kilo
|Does Natasha Kai smoke?
|No, never Read: 20 Celebrities you did not expect to be smokers
|Does Natasha Kai have a tattoo?
Gossip, Rumors & Social MediaWithout make-up! Read: What celebs really look like: 20 shocking pictures without make-up
Does Natasha Kai have official Social Media profiles?
Discuss the latest gossip and rumors (Plastic surgery, Scandals etc) and post the latest photo's and video's of Natasha Kai here:
- Sponsored links -
On Taddlr you can find the 2017 boyfriend, husband, lover or kids of celebs. Also biography info and trivia about the ancestry and origin, age, height, weight, bra-size, hair style, diet, fitness routine & tips or whether she smokes (cigarettes or weed) or has a tattoo. And read about her net worth, salary, house and car. Has a couple broken up or gotten a divorce? Or does someone earn more salary this year? Sometimes we are forced to speculate. (September 26, 2016)


text: Web Design/Publishing Hot Deals Narrow search by: Keyword: Results Found: 2 View On Map new search Sort by: A-Z Print Contact these Businesses Diamond 723 Ocean Front Walk Venice, CA 90291 Map 424.214.5935 Don Miller Design Website design and development. Business consulting. PO Box 90554 Los Angeles, CA 90009 Map 877.394.3468


text:
The best prices, the best promotions and the best service I have found. And it got even better once I became a return customer.
Read More ->
I'm from Belgium and I ordered THE GECKO (it was a Preorder).
One week after (on Friday), The gecko was in Stock. MJM has shipped it IMMEDIATELY!...
Read More ->


text:
How To Generate Unique Business Ideas That Make Money?
Expand Messages
- Every money making opportunity that you see boils down to one common thing: idea. As you know the best ideas pay. The most creative ideas pay.
The best thing about ideas is it is free and everybody has the capability to think of ideas.
In order to be creative and innovative about ideas, you have to have knowledge. Knowledge is important. You need to know thousands of things to be creative.
Here are the steps that you can take to come up with profitable innovative ideas:
Do You Yahoo!?
Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Your message has been successfully submitted and would be delivered to recipients shortly.


text:
Haunting Environment and Feng Shui
>> Tuesday, November 17, 2009
Article by Ms Ching
A haunted house is believed to be dark, old and dilapidated with unnatural forces or 'Ghost'. In Feng Shui point of view, a haunted house is cause by accumulating of negative forces that developed through time with the absence of 'yang' energy. Most of time, the negatives forces developed are cause by the negligence of human.
I am sharing my personal ghostly encounter several years ago when spending a weekend in a friend's apartment. My friend with his wife was married for a year before they acquired an apartment in Tanglin Halt. During that time, they were planning for kids and they bought a four-room apartment. They planned to rent a room to foreign students, save a room later for their kids and occupied the master bedroom themselves. Soon, the empty rooms were made into storerooms, as they could not find the appropriate tenant. They dump whatever that is unsightly into these rooms and left these rooms unattended beside area cleaning. They will leave the windows, doors and the curtains of the unoccupied rooms shut when they leave house for work. These rooms were void for a year after they moved it to the apartment.
I was the first guest to spend a weekend in these rooms. There was only one room with a bed and my friend offered me to that room. I decided not to bother about the opening the windows as I simply prefer the comfort of an air conditioner. I spend the first night without much annoyance accepts that I could hear a very mild voice coming from the other empty room that resembles a human tone. The next morning, I took a little time to speak about the anonymous voice with my friend. He was surprised, as they did not encounter anything of this sort for the past one year. I drop the subject as his wife is getting very skeptical and I excused myself that I am just hearing things due to tiredness.
The second night spends in the guestroom cause a traumatic experience for me. The same anonymous voice that I heard during the previous night became louder and as if it was just whispering beside my ears. I felt a sudden force that wanted to cover and rolled me over with the mattress. I exerted all my strength to press down the mattress with my left hand while trying very hard to sit up. The force acting against me was getting stronger and I was curled up by the mattress like a victim trapped by a python's coil. This time I wanted to scream for my friend's attention but was totally immobilized and I could still hear the voice beside my ear, though I could not make up the words. I was traumatized and have forgotten the sutra, which I used to recite when I was meditating. I was picturing the image of Bodhisattva Guan Yin and Guan Yu in my mind, chanting in mind the only sentence that I could remember. I feel the pressure acting upon me loosen but still the mattress trapped me. This time, I gain more concentrations and chant a complete Buddhist sutra before I was release and thrown to the floor from the bed. After I catch my equilibrium, I had decided not to alarm my friend during the night. I went into the hall, picture the image of Bodhisattva Guan Yin and Guan Yu in fiery fire aura, and quietly chant a Buddhist sutra for forty nine times before I felt asleep on the sofa. If I have not been wrong, I was trapped for about 45 minutes.
I spoke about this incident to my friend and his wife in the next morning. This time, they were convinced by my story as they have heard some sound produced when I was struggling to break free from the entrapment. My friend knew that I was a Feng Shui enthusiastic asked me if this was due to bad Feng Shui. My responds was; 'yes'. According to my understanding in terms of Feng Shui, they have created a friendly environment that attracts 'unwanted guest' over the year. He further prom me if I knew how to perform an exorcism. I told him that I do not know exorcism and advise them to hire a Taoist exorcist.
Zhang Dao Ling, A Taoist Exorcism Master
However, during the day, I did visit the room again together with them and adjusted the furniture and settings. We did a lot of trashing; we threw away all the old clothing, mirrors, bags, etc. My friend even had a Japanese cutlery knife box set in the room and we threw them away as well. These triangular resembling sharp edge items were extremely negative to keep inside a room. There were many dead insects hidden in behind the cupboards, we did a lot of pest busting also. We tear down the curtains and open the windows wide allowing sunlight to entry. I had told them to leave it open for 24 hours a day allowing 'Qi' to circulate, the wife became skeptical as she said it would attract more dust. My friend responded to her that unless she would like to attract something else. After we tidy up the rooms, I believe that the unwanted guest will leave the place eventually. However, I suspected that what we have done to destroy a friendly environment will agitated the spirit and I gave my friend two little post card which have being empowered as a gift. The first post card has Zhong Kui's picture with trigrams and the second post card has the Ksitigabha Bodhisattva sutra written on it in Chinese. I asked them to display them beside the bed when sleeping. Two months later, I received a call from my friend. He told me that during the night, they heard noises created from banging on the furniture from the other rooms but they did not experience anything physically. They were scared and literally read out the Ksitigabha Bodhisattva sutra from the postcard in mandarin. The ordeal lasted for two month and had ended.
Zhong Kui, Chinese Ghost Buster


text:
A funeral will be held at 10 a.m. Friday, June 8, in the Quinn-Hopping Funeral Home, 145 E. Mount Pleasant Ave., Livingston, for Margaret L. Bernard, who died Tuesday, June 5, 2001, at her home in Brick Township. Following will be a Mass at 11 a.m. in St. John's Roman Catholic Church, 34 Ridge St., Orange, and interment in the church's cemetery. The family will receive visitors from 2 to 4 and 7 to 9 p.m. today, Thursday, June 7, at the funeral home. Mrs. Bernard, a homemaker, was born in Orange and lived in Caldwell and West Orange before moving to Brick Township in 1995.
She is survived by three daughters, Margaret, Rita Brennan and Catherine; five grandchildren and three great-grandchildren.
The family asks that donations be made in Mrs. Bernard's name to the Van Dyke Hospice Program, 99 Route 37 W., Toms River, N.J., 08755.


text: 2017 Joint President's and Director General's message Welcome to the A.I.S.E. website! Through this vital communications tool, we aim to provide our members, our stakeholders, consumers, end-users and the public at large with up-to-date information about our industry and the many initiatives underway through our industry association. Household care and professional cleaning and hygiene products are an essential part of the daily lives of every European. Our industry benefits society in so many ways: we help deliver clean, hygienic and pleasant environments at home, at work and in public spaces, so people remain healthy, are more productive and enjoy greater wellbeing. To achieve this, we are proactive and relentless in our pursuit of more sustainable production, design, consumption and safe use of cleaning and maintenance products. A.I.S.E. has a long history in engaging our members in voluntary initiatives that serve as a role model for many other industries. A.I.S.E., through its broad network, has been active as the expert, authoritative and credible voice of the industry in Europe for over 60 years now, so there is much to cover in these web pages. We hope you will find the website useful as a portal to our activities as well as all our technical resources, guidelines, tools and publications. We welcome any feedback or questions you may have; the A.I.S.E. team is at your disposal. Arndt Scheidgen A.I.S.E. President Susanne Zänker A.I.S.E. Director General Share this page Twitter Google Plus


text:
As the season's change, so does our skin and we're certainly not the first to admit that we need products that can cope with these changes and make us look like better versions of ourselves.
While your stock standard Vitamin E and mineral oil moisturiser might have been the go-to for your Grandmother, these days we're lucky enough to have a selection of products with active ingredients which actually hydrate the skin; preventing fine lines and helping to protect against moisture loss which leads to flakes and irritation.
Neutrogena's Hydroboost moisturiser contains Hyaluronic Acid which holds over 1,000 times its weight in water. This ingredient effectively restores moisture to your skin, leaving the skin feeling radiant and refreshed. Your heavier winter moisturiser may no longer suit as the temperature rises, but that doesn't mean you should start neglecting your skin. The Hydroboost range is perfect for carrying you through the seasons, and the formula is also oil-free, which means it's suitable for all skin types including blemish prone.
Brought to you by Neutrogena


text:
- Cars
- New cars
- Renault
- Renault Pulse
- Reviews
- Delightful hathchback
Delightful hathchback
User review on Renault Pulse written by Shenali Singh on 06 July 2015
Shenali Singh's review on Renault Pulse RxL
Year of Manufacture : 2013 | Driven no. of Kms. : 160000
- Pros: Interiors and looks
- Cons: No as such
I bought Renault Pulse RxL for my daily travel to and fro office. It is perfect hatchback with delightful features. I really like its exteriors and sharp looking body which is highlighted with the dual beam H-4 follow me headlights. The main attraction of the car is its matte black centre section. The door mirrors are colored according to the body of the car. The car size is apt when considering the traffic in NCR during office hours.
Read more →
User Reviews for Renault Pulse Competitors
Maruti Suzuki Swift
Ford Figo
Nissan Micra 2017
Volkswagen Polo


text:
GraphicRiver Clean Real Estate Flyer 5434383
Category: Print Template | Comment: ( 0 )
GraphicRiver Clean Real Estate Flyer 5434383
Print Template \ Flyers \ Corporate
Home \ Magazine \ Houses \ Property \ Real \ Rent \ Estate \ House \ Owner \ Building
Print Template - Clean Real Estate Flyer 5434383 by ingridk @ GraphicRiver
Print Template \ Flyers \ Corporate
Graphics Files Included: Photoshop PSD; Layered: Yes; Minimum Adobe CS Version: CS4; Print Dimensions: 8.5x11.
Clean Real Estate flyer or Magazine Ad
This Clean Real Estate flyer can be used in any business like real estate,house sales etc.
Check the Screenshots for a better preview!
- CMYK Color profile
- 8.75×11.25 including 0.25 bleed
- Easy to Edit
- Logo Included
- Organized layers
- Ready to print
- Free Fonts
- 2 Psd files with 2 colors each
Font Used.
Myriad pro : http://www.cufonfonts.com/en/font/492/myriad-pro
Bebas neue: http://www.dafont.com/bebas-neue.font
Wisdom Script: http://www.losttype.com/font/?name=wisdom%20script
Aleo: http://fontfabric.com/aleo-free-font/
Photos are NOT included,information in the help file.
Please don't forget to rate!
Wedding Invitations with RSVP; Gym / Fitness Flyer Print Ad; Kids / School Flyer; Home Repair Flyer; Tattoo Flyer/ Print Ad; Classy Salon Business Cards; Pet Services Flyer/ Print ad.
Keywords: advert, agent, building, business, buy, family, home, home owner, house, houses, magazine, property, real estate, rent.


text:
One of my most favourite blogs, I Heart Organizing, held a challenge to get together a Family Binder.
It's for all the important information that is needed to run your family, all gathered into one spot.
I love to organize, and needed no excuse to get on board!
For this challenge, she offered several free forms. Forms for finance, auto information, schedules, calendars, phone numbers…
I have also included 2 downloads of my own that you can get anytime:
Click here: a Freezer Inventory, and a Special Dates Calendar.
My binder includes forms for:
Important Phone Numbers
Special Dates to Remember
Freezer Inventory
Auto Log
Finance Worksheet
12 Month Calendar
Envelope to hold my Blog and To-Do workbooks.
So here is my little family of 5's binder:
|Coversheet courtesy of I Heart Organizing
I bought just a simple recycled board binder, that I plan to Modge Podge one day.
I'm scared of Modge Podge. I've never used it, but it looks fun?
Then I bought some pretty coloured tabs. Because they have to be pretty!
I used a white paint Sharpie to label my tabs.
I'm in love with this pen.
In love.
I am relabeling everything with it! I even rewrote the labels on my Pretty Jars!
Important Numbers, cutie pie graphics (from Erin Bradley Designs)
This is the Freezer Inventory that I created to keep track of all of our food in the deepfreeze.
To download this, click HERE.
This is the Special Dates Calendar that I created to keep track of all of our important dates, like birthdays & anniversaries. To download this, click HERE.
I needed a separate book for my Blog. It's for all the ideas and stuff swirling around in my head. My head is always swirling. This drives my husband crazy. Crazy.
And I also have a separate book that I use for all the day-to-day lists and stuff to do. Because I need to write things down, and feel like I accomplish things when I get to cross them off!
Well, this system works for me, and keeps me sane. At least I think it does? 😉
Thanks for stopping by!
Signing off. Happy Organizing!!
Lovely Linking:
Craft-O-Maniac, The Girl Creative, Tip Junkie, Someday Crafts, I Heart Organizing


text:
Career & Colleges Expo
Marion County - Thursday, Aug. 31, 2017, 5:30-7:30 p.m.
Citrus County - Monday, Sept. 11, 2017, 5-7 p.m.
Marion County Event | Citrus County Event
The Careers & Colleges Expo is an opportunity to meet in your hometown with institutions of higher learning from near and afar.
Take the opportunity to introduce yourself to all that is available as you plan your educational future.
The Marion County event will be held in the Gymnasium at West Port High School, 3733 S.W. 80th Ave, Ocala. If you are interested in learning more information or becoming a presenter at the 2017 event, fill out the Registration for Vendors form. Contact Tarlisa Brown with questions, concerns or updates to a current registration 352-854-2322, ext. 1751, or firstname.lastname@example.com.
The Citrus County event will be held at the Citrus Learning and Conference Center, College of Central Florida Citrus Campus. To participate as a presenter fill out this request to participate form. For more information contact Sonya Warden at 352-854-2322, ext. 6179.


text:
Geological Magazine
- GeoRef, Copyright 2004, American Geological Institute.
Systematic descriptions from Pachchham "Island", Kachchh, Western India, belonging to the genera Micromphalites Buckman and Gracilisphinctes Buckman are given. Their affinities with the different forms belonging to the above genera are discussed and described as Micromphalites aff. hourcqui Collignon and Gracilisphinctes cf. arkelli Collignon respectively. The distribution of these two genera in other regions is also briefly discussed.--Modified journal abstract.


text:
Writers Profile
Screen Name: st6phen
st6phen has published 8 items on The Spoof.
Check out st6phen's:
Latest Spoof News Story: Thursday 10th March 2011
Spoofing since: Tuesday 8th March 2011
st6phen hasn't written anything in a while, so his/her news feed is seriously out of date!
If you want the latest up-to-the-minute spoof news, check out all our rss feeds.
While you're here, why not check our other Top Writers?
And if you've still got time on your hands, consider joining us as a writer, and make up your very own news stories!
Congressman Conyers's Predatory Sexual Harassing MisunderstoodFormer female staffer of Conyers reports being called into his DC office only to find him wearing only boxers. But she didn't know he was only practicing to be Chief Underpants Officer of the House.
Mailing List
Get Spoof News in your email inbox!


text:
Hey folks!
I have a passion for creating characters using the DIY toys from Kidrobot, specifically the Munny doll, and I figured I can't be alone on this forum for having a love for these things. I'm starting this thread NOT to simply show case my own work with these cool little objects, but I want anyone who has played with a Vinyl DIY toy to post here too!
I'll kick it off with my latest toy. This little guy playing in the snow is called Reeny and was painted with acrylics on a red tinted 4' Munny.


text:
Conference centres
If you're in town for business - or looking to host a meeting or event here – you'll find plenty of first-class conference venues and exhibition spaces, both in and around the city centre.
Edinburgh International Conference Centre is one of the city's finest venues for business gatherings, big and small. Whether it's ten people around the board table, 100 guests for reception drinks or 2,000 delegates for a presentation, the award-winning space is completely flexible, with sub-dividing suites and innovative moving floors. Part of The Exchange in the west end of town, EICC is easy to get to by plane, train or car, and enjoys catering by Leith's at the EICC, founded by Prue Leith herself!
COSLA (Convention of Scottish Local Authorities) Conference Centre is right in the heart of the city - just two minutes' walk from Haymarket station. Also handy for driving and flying into town, it's close to several large car parks and on the bus route for the Airport Express (a 20 minute ride). The venue is modern and spacious, with a range of versatile rooms, which all enjoy natural daylight and the most advanced AV technology. Everything can be tailored to suit your event, be it an intimate gathering or company-wide group hug.
Edinburgh Conference Centre at Heriot Watt University gives you the tech and sophistication you want in a business venue, plus all the trappings of a prestigious college campus. Set just out of town in the Hermiston area, ECC features two flagship spaces: James Watt 1, with tiered seating and syndicate rooms for up to 600 delegates, and James Watt 2, with 1,000 square metres for exhibitions, conferences and functions. You can also use various lecture theatres and classrooms plus the cosy College Lounge.
John McIntyre Conference Centre
Not every business venue can boast an open-air terrace overlooking Arthur's Seat! But there's more to John McIntyre Conference Centre than a spectacular view. Part of Edinburgh University's Pollock Halls Campus on Holyrood Park Road, this site ticks the box for easy access too, with free delegate parking and a short cab hop to Waverley station. Inside you'll find a 330-seat plenary room, four large meeting rooms and two executive boardrooms, while the stylish Centro bar is the perfect place to kick back and talk shop!
Looking for a hotel in Edinburgh?
Whether it's the city centre, next to Edinburgh Castle, or Princes Street, or on the outskirts of town, we have the right hotel for you. Flying in for a business trip and we've hotels next to Edinburgh Airport. And if you're looking for a family-friendly hotel for a weekend break we have those aswell.


text:
Sireprinting.com ranks
#2,032,583 in the world and generates
1,048 Page views for daily.
FreeWebsiteReport estimates Sireprinting.com for a valuation of
$2,295 USD for it's visitor traffic that has the potential for CPC and Display-based advertising.
This traffic data suggests the Advertisers with a Traffic Acquisition Cost (TAC) of
$3.14 for daily and
$94.31 for monthly to spend on advertisements with Sireprinting.com. Sireprinting.com's page load time for
90th percentile measures at 1 sec. Sireprinting.com receives most of it's
organic referrals traffic from 63 websites around the world. Sireprinting.com servers are located in the Germany.
|Time Average
|Site Rank
|View Rank
|Views Per-User
3 Month
Google Safe Browsing - Safe website. Clean from Viruses, Malicious Worms, Adwares, Trojans, Spywares and Suspicious Phishing Attacks.


text:
Stender: Keep the Promise to our Veterans
Today, Linda Stender voiced her ardent support for the GI Bill for the 21st Century, a landmark bill that would ensure the promise of a better tomorrow for our men and women in uniform. Stender, candidate for Congress in New Jersey's 7th District, reaffirmed that our nation's Veterans deserve the educational benefits, healthcare coverage, and support services they need and have earned serving honorably to defend our freedom.
Meanwhile, President Bush - whose administration continues to spend $12 billion a month on a war in Iraq that should never have been waged and with no exit strategy to get our troops out of harm's way - has callously suggested he will veto such legislation and turn his back on our nation's Veterans. Most House Republicans have also voiced opposition GI Bill, which restores full, four-year college scholarships for Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans - on par with the educational benefits available after World War II.
"America has the finest military in the world, and our brave men and women in uniform have served our country with dignity and honor," Stender said outside VFW Post 4410 in Woodbridge today. "The failed policies of the Bush Administration have led our nation into a war in Iraq that should never have been waged, and are now leaving our Veterans without the services they need and deserve when they return home. That's why I'm proud to support the GI Bill of Rights for the 21st Century, which guarantees our returning Veterans with the education benefits they need to grow and strengthen the American middle class."
"President Bush's shameful opposition to the legislation is a national disgrace. We must take care of those who fought to protect our freedom. My own father landed on the beaches of Normandy and fought his way across Europe to free Dachau, and when he returned home, he earned a college degree and built a middle class lifestyle thanks to the GI Bill.
Our brave Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans are putting their lives on the line every day, and they deserve the same benefits as my father's generation when they return home," Stender added."
The GI Bill for the 21st Century would: increase education benefits for Veterans having served more than 3 months since September 11, 2001; link education benefits for which a Veteran is eligible to active duty service since September 11, 2001; cover costs for the most expensive in-state institution; match voluntary contributions for private colleges; provides Veterans with up to 15 years to take advantage of the benefits.
Linda Stender is from Fanwood, NJ, where she and her husband Richard raised their three children and still reside today. Stender currently represents the 22nd Legislative District in the New Jersey Assembly, where she has championed policies that benefit working families.
Source: http://www.lindastenderforcongress.com/news/releases/20080604_veterans


text:
Hi Girls! Today I am reviewing "Clean & Clear Oil free Moisturiser" a product from Johnson & Johnson. The major problem which I face during summers is oiliness n breakouts on my face. I have normal to oily skin so after applying any cream or sunscreen it becomes more oily and as a result pimples starts popping up on my face. I have used many products during summer due to the same.
I have been using products from Clean & Clear from my college days. So I can trust this brand like my family member. Recently I have bought "Clean & Clear Oil free Moisturiser" as it claims Oil Free- wont Clog Pores so I thought I should give it a try.
It's been more than a week now that I am using this product twice a day or as per the requirement of my skin as sometime it becomes dry due to high cooling of my AC 😛 I am happy with "Clean & Clear Oil free Moisturiser" as it doesn't make my face oily and I have not seen any breakout till now.
Product Claims: Clean & Clear Oil free Moisturiser Developed with an oil-free moisturising formula, it leaves your skin feeling soft, smooth and non-greasy, specially designed to get easily absorbed into the skin. Helps to prevent skin from feeling rough or dry. Also contains salicylic acid which helps to prevent pimples. Leaves your skin feeling clean and beautifully clear.
Packaging: "Clean & Clear Oil free Moisturiser" comes in white and purple color tube with a flip cap which maintains the hygiene. Packaging is spill proof and travel friendly.
Price: Rs. 50/- for 40 ml tube.
Availability: It is easily available in all the drug stores, departmental stores and it is also available online stores.
Product life: 24 months from date of packaging
Direction, Caution and Ingredients:
- It is suitable for both men and women.
- Value for money (Affordable price).
- Don't Cause me any breakout.
- It feels very light on the skin as it has mild moisturizer.
- Provides adequate hydration to my skin without feeling greasy.
- Like the packaging (Travel friendly)
- It doesn't have SPF in it.
- It is only for normal to oily skin (Not suitable for extremely dry skin).
- Not suitable for winters.
Overall Rating: 4/5
A Big Yes for "Clean & Clear Oil free Moisturiser". A Good Moisturiser for people with normal to oily skin and have acne Problem.


text:
Schedule and Full Lineup Is Out!
The complete schedule for Limmud New Orleans 2016 is now online! Check out when and where your favorite sessions will be taking place. There will be more than 90 learning sessions offered to you by more than 80 presenters at the upcoming three-day festival of Jewish culture and learning.
The lineup of sessions cover a wide variety of interesting topics covering Arts & Culture, Contemporary Jewish Life, Family, Food, Hands-On Workshops, History, Israel, Social Justice, Southern Jewish Life, Spirituality, Text & Thought, and Young Limmud. The "un-conference" style learning environment allows you to choose your own path throughout the weekend.
But that's not all. A line-up of quality children's programming allows parents can go learn in their own sessions, confident that their children will also be experiencing the magic of Limmud. Multi-denominational Shabbat services will be held for children on Shabbat morning, and babysitting will be available throughout the weekend. Plus all food at LimmudFest will be kosher under strict rabbinical supervision, and all meals and snacks are included in the registration fee.
There is still time to register! Both 3-Day Passes and Sunday + tickets are still available, and there is special pricing for young adults and children.


text: I'm in the middle of a major rebuild on an old John Deere splitter. The whole thing is disassembled and will be nothing like the original when I'm done. My questions are as follows: 1. Does your splitter have a filter for the hydraulic fluid? If so, is it in the return line between the tank and valve OR in the intake line between the tank and pump? 2. What fluid should I use for mostly cold weather (< 50 degrees) work? I dont have an operators manual or any info on the cylinder so I was just planning to use a typical tractor hydraulic fluid, not sure of what weight to use though. 3. Does your hydraulic tank have a breather or just a pipe plug in the top fill port? Any input appreciated, Aaron


text:
Shopping cart is empty.
3 years +
Play some awesome drum beats and music - in the bathtub with this water drums set by Alex.
Develops skills: manipulative skills, music playing, sound recognition, pretend play
Award Winner: Canadian Today's Parent - Top Toys Award
Regular Price: $42.97
Special Price: $36.97


text:
Bison Denim Genuine Leather Black Men's Backpack
Item Type: BackpacksBackpacks Type: Internal FrameBrand Name: BISON DENIMCarrying System: Arcuate Shoulder StrapExterior: NoneRain Cover: NoInterior: Interior Slot Pocket,Cell Phone Pocket,Interior Zipper Pocket,Interior Key Chain Holder,Interior Compartment,Computer InterlayerHandle/Strap Type: Soft...> See more product detail
Item Type: Backpacks
Backpacks Type: Internal Frame
Brand Name: BISON DENIM
Carrying System: Arcuate Shoulder Strap
Exterior: None
Rain Cover: No
Interior: Interior Slot Pocket,Cell Phone Pocket,Interior Zipper Pocket,Interior Key Chain Holder,Interior Compartment,Computer Interlayer
Handle/Strap Type: Soft Handle
Closure Type: Zipper
Decoration: None,Chains
Gender: Men
Pattern Type: Solid
Style: Vintage
Lining Material: Genuine Leather
Main Material: Genuine Leather
Capacity: Below 20 Litre
Genuine Leather Type: Cow Leather
Model Number: N2378
Technics: Other
Color: black
Backpack Usage: Daily Backpack
Capacity: 36-55 Litre
Size: 45*31.5*13 cm
How long will my order take to arrive?
|Product status
|Leaves Zasttra.com or Seller
|Overnight Shipping Transit time
|Economy Shipping Transit Time
|Post Office Transit Time
|AVAILABLE, dispatched immediately
|Leaves Same day
|1 Day
|1 to 3 Days
|AVAILABLE, dispatched immediately
|Leaves Next day
|1 Day
|1 to 3 Days
|AVAILABLE, dispatched within (specified) days
|Leaves In (specified) days
|1 Day
|1 to 3 Days
|AVAILABLE, dispatched within (specified) days
|Leaves In (specified) days
|1 Day
|1 to 3 Days
|AVAILABLE, from Overseas
|Leaves In 5 to 7 working days
|15 to 60 Days
Collections (Pietermaritzburg only):
Weekdays: 09h00 to 17h00
Home/Office delivery via courier between 9am - 5pm, Monday to Friday
Note: These delivery times are estimations; it is difficult to guarantee exact delivery times. To find out a more accurate delivery time on the specific items, please call us on 087 237 4746 or email us at email@example.com.
Goods may be returned only when defective, damaged or if the product supplied is not the same product as what was ordered. If the Goods are defective in any way this must be reported as soon as reasonably possible after the product having been delivered to you and must be returned to us within a period of 180 days after delivery. If the Goods are not the same as what was ordered this must be reported within 24 hours of delivery. Any damage must also be immediately reported, within 24 hours of delivery.
Unwanted Goods: To be eligible for a return, your item must be unused and in the same condition that you received it. It must also be in the original packaging.
Several types of goods are exempt from being returned. Perishable goods such as food, flowers, newspapers or magazines cannot be returned. We also do not accept products that are intimate or sanitary goods, hazardous materials, or flammable liquids or gases. Special order item* with future shipping days (*SHIPS IN OVER 7 DAYS) of over 7 working days; normal cancellations are not accepted; forced cancellations will incur a 15% restocking charge...


text:
Roger Federer moved into the Australian Open quarter-finals yesterday but delivered a performance which again offered hope to his title rivals.
The Swiss beat Tommy Robredo and, while it was always a match he was going to win, the way his concentration disappeared in the second set displayed an element of vulnerability and raised more questions as to whether the world number two can defend the title he won 12 months ago.
He eventually prevailed 6-3 4-6 6-3 6-2. week.
"I'm satisfied I'm still in the tournament." he said. "I'm in another quarter-final and have a good chance to make it to the semis again, so I'm very pleased.
"It's been a tough first week with a bit of heat the last couple of matches I played in.
"I am pretty happy with how I'm hitting the ball.
"I had a tricky draw and that's why I'm happy I was able to beat all those guys and give myself a chance to get into the second week."
Federer will meet countryman Stanislas Wawrinka next after he crushed Andy Roddick 6-3 6-4 6-4 with a wonderful display.
Third seed Novak Djokovic advanced after a hugely impressive win against Nicolas Almagro. The Serbian, the champion here in 2008, withstood everything the big-hitting Spaniard could throw at him before sprinting through the third set to complete a 6-3 6-4 6-0 victory.
Djokovic will meet Tomas Berdych in the quarters after the sixth seed beat Spain's Fernando Verdasco with surprising ease 6-4 6-2 6-3.
In the other half of the draw, Andy Murray and world number one Rafael Nadal are in action today.
Fifth seed Murray, the 2010 finallist, had yet to drop a set in the tournament before his early showdown with Austrian Jurgen Melzer. The in-form Scot was the favourite to progress to the last eight having beaten Melzer in their previous four meetings.
Murray said: "It will be a tough match. He's very unpredictable on the court but had his best year on the tour last year.
"He takes a lot of chances on the court and can also make some mistakes too. He plays high-risk tennis.
"But he has definitely improved. The older he has got, the better he has started to play. He has started to understand his game better."
On Saturday, Murray thumped Guillermo Garcia-Lopez 6-1 6-2 6-2 in a one-sided encounter. In total, Murray dropped just 17 games in his opening three matches.
Got a view? Leave a comment below.
Follow The Star on Twitter and Facebook:
For breaking news and sport follow The Star on Twitter at www.twitter.com/sheffieldstar and Facebook at www.facebook.com/sheffieldstar.
JOIN THE STAR READER PANEL: The Star is YOUR newspaper, so tell us what you think about it and what you want to see - CLICK HERE.
Don't miss our daily pull-outs - only in the The Star: Monday Star Sport, Tuesday Class Act; Wednesday Business; Thursday Grassroots; Friday Time Out; Saturday Retro. Subscribe to The Star - CLICK HERE
Subscribe to The Star or Green 'Un
2011 SPORTS CALENDAR - your online guide to all the dates for this year's top sporting events.
Visit our Matchday Centre for free live coverage of every match
Football headlines. Football gossip. Blades news Owls news Reds news. Millers news. More rugby. More boxing. Sports columnists.
All sport categories
Watch Premiership highlights, international football, golf, tennis, darts and much more - click here


text:
Canadians who were aged 35 to 44 in 2012 have racked up more debt, relative to their net worth, than their peers did in the past.
That's one of the findings in a new Royal Bank of Canada report about rising leverage, which dug through Statistics Canada data from 1999 and 2012 (the years for which data on debt, broken down by age group, were available).
Not only is this particular age cohort more levered than people in that age range had been in 1999, it is more levered than any other age group is at the moment. And that makes this group more vulnerable to any economic shocks, especially in the housing market.
"Their debt load is more onerous than what we've seen in the past," Paul Ferley, an economist at RBC, said in an interview. "It certainly highlights the greater risk for that age group."
Home prices are the main reason that they're so indebted.
"Real house prices increased by an average of 4.6 per cent per year from 1999 to 2012, which was well above the average 0.3-per-cent increase over the prior two decades," Mr. Ferley wrote in the report. "This has resulted in higher leverage ratios for first-time home buyers. For existing home buyers (i.e. households who purchased their home prior to 1999), the price gains between 1999 to 2012 simply resulted in an increase in equity in real estate."
Even though mortgage rates are lower than they were in 1999, those aged 35 to 44 in 2012 have been making larger average monthly mortgage payments than their peers had been back in 1999 because they've taken on larger mortgages. "As a rough approximation, the monthly mortgage payment on a 25-year mortgage at market rates and average mortgage debt outstanding has risen much more sharply for the 2012 cohort of 35-44-year-olds compared to their 1999 equivalents than for other age groups," the report says.
But mortgages aren't solely responsible for this group's leverage.
"Excluding real estate, leverage still increased notably for this age cohort relative to other age groups when compared to their 1999 equivalents," the report says. That's largely due to lines of credit.
"We expect that housing markets will undergo a 'soft landing' as activity moderates to levels more in line with demographic fundamentals over the next couple of years while the economy is expected to grow modestly going forward, lowering the unemployment rate and allowing for a gradual rise, or 'normalization,' of interest rates to occur alongside rising household incomes," the report said.
"With that said, the increased leverage associated with both mortgage and non-mortgage borrowing does imply the 35-44 age category is particularly vulnerable relative to the rest of the population were an unforeseen shock to occur."Report Typo/Error
Follow @taraperkinson Twitter:


text:
What is Choice?
Birth Control
Sex Education
Healthy Pregnancies
Emergency Contraception
Anti-choice extremists are committed to restricting access to birth control.
Your gift will help us make sure women get the access they need.
Contribute Now
Get Email Updates
Powered by EveryAction
|Home > What is Choice?
Healthy Pregnancies
Being pro-choice includes supporting a woman's decision to become a mom or choose adoption. We stand with women who decide to continue their pregnancies.
The Problem
Some anti-choice politicians talk about "respecting life," but the way they vote doesn't square with this view. A major anti-choice organization even opposed the Children's Health Insurance Program, a federal program that provides millions of children with access to basic health care.
Anti-choice politicians not only want to take decisions away from women; they also refuse to help women who choose to continue their pregnancies. That's hypocritical.
Our Solution
We can't let anti-choice groups get away with their hypocrisy. We can do a lot to help women have healthy pregnancies. Being pro-choice is about supporting women in making informed decisions that are best for them and their families.


text:
BLEACH: Grimmjow Gaegerjaques by AkubakaArtsWatch
©2012-2017 AkubakaArts
*dies drooling and nosebleeding*
I love Grimm with long hair... *drools a little* So smexy....
grimmjow is always a all time fav I am in love with his long hair here!
such sexiness omg like they came for a photoshoot.
awesomly cool *ç*
ok I didn't get very far with Bleach but why does he have a hole in his stomach? O.o? love how you did his hair btw
he has a hollow because Kubo-san made it xDDD thank you
Awesome picture. Also he looks so sexy here. O.O
Did you give him a nipple ring?? good lord i fell in love all over again <3
lovely work!!
lovely work!!
Гриммка! Как же я его обожаю!!!
looks hot with long hair
he looks hot like that picture
beautiful mmm
bow chika wow wow :'D
Your art is amazing!
Your art is amazing!
I... can't... EVEN!!!!!
heeee -mischievious grin- >
i saw the nipple piercing...THE funniest convo happened between me and my nephew at the moment xD
нет слов
Oh damn..that nipple piercing..oh yummy...and so much skin..asdjkhfasdkjfhasdf, my mind is overloading..
My imagination can't even state clearly what does his expression means xD
uwahhhh.. another bishiieee... damn akubaka.. u and your bishies rock my world.. ahhh i shall forever remain in the world of 2d men..lol
i love it, especially the jewel on his nipple *µ* nose bleed
i think i need an ambulance.


text:
Check Out Morrissey's Spoken Word Video for "The Bullfighter Dies"
Tue, 17 Jun 2014 12:29:50
Morrissey Photos
Morrissey Videos
"The Bullfighter Dies" is the fourth offering from Morrissey's upcoming LP, World Peace Is None Of Your Business.
The album is "Nun ya," as in "Nun ya bidness."
The spoken word companion video was filmed in the legendary Capitol Studios by director Natalie Johns. Released in anticipation for the charming (gentle)man's new album, "The Bullfighter Dies," it is the fourth and final spoken word performance film in the series.
The last one? Alright, fans, get on it. NOW!
Starting today, June 17, "The Bullfighter Dies" will be available as an instant grat download. All pre-orders receive instant grat downloads of the songs "Istanbul," "World Peace Is None of Your Business" and "Earth Is the Loneliest Planet."
The clip is below, so go ahead. Dive in. Enjoy.
Morrissey recently canceled some shows due to illness. His opening act Kristeen Young took to social media to make some comments about the tour cancelation and we're sorta staying out of that mess, since it was drama and back and forth. #Exhausting.
Did you dig "The Bullfighter Dies?"
—Maggie Pannacione


text:
Would you like to save as your currency permanently or for this visit only?
Located at 1 km from the Richmond Park, S S Residency offers internet access to its guests. The Bangalore City Railway Station is at 5 km from this budget residency in Bangalore. This property has 19 rooms, each equipped with a TV. All the rooms have attached bathrooms with hot/cold running water.


text:
MOVIE SYNOPSIS [ General Audiences ] Feature film of Jonathan Robbins. Its premiere was performed in 2014, it is a production of Canada. You can watch Asset: CIA Public Initiative online on TV cable or theaters with original audio in English at different dates. This film premiered in theaters in 2014.
Rating: 5 by 10 users./
Runtime: 100 minutes
Jeff Sinasac, Jonathan Robbins and Tonya Dodds.
100-minute film (full movie) directed by Jonathan Robbins.
The original audio of Asset: CIA Public Initiative has dialogues in Dolby Digital, it was produced in Canada.
It premiered in cinemas or television in 2014.
Screenplay written by Jeff Sinasac.
Jonathan Robbins.
Charles Barangan, Matthew Carvery, Jeff Sinasac, Tonya Dodds and Jonathan Robbins.
This film was produced and / or financed by Irradiated Panda and mojoPro Films.
JTS.tv - Just the Story.
Without commercial breaks, the full movie Asset: CIA Public Initiative has a duration of 100 minutes; the official trailer can be watched in streaming on the Internet. You can watch this full movie free in EnglishDolby Digital in movie TV channels, renting the DVD or with VoD services (Video On Demand player, Hulu) and PPV (Pay Per View, Netflix).
See the page of this full movie, Asset: CIA Public Initiative in FULLTV Movies.


text:
You are here: Home > Stocking Fillers > mens stocking fillers > Sudoku Cube Puzzle
They say the devil makes work for idle hands, and he was definitely on the design team for this one. Through the ungodly union of Sudoku and Rubik's cube, we bring you the Sudoku Cube! This fiendishly difficult little puzzle might look unassuming, but it's here to make you grit your teeth and swear under your breath in frustration.
The challenge is deceptively simple- twist and turn the cube to position the numbers 1 through 9 on each of the cube's sides, but it's easier said than done! Only those with the best spatial-relations skills need apply.
This puzzle cube makes the perfect gift for your favourite smarty pants, stocking stuffer for the family clever clogs, or confound the smug know-it-all in your life just for fun.
Thank you, the Sudoku cubes arrived on time. As they are gifts for others I cannot give you any more feedback. They do however appear to be exactly what I ordered
Caroline Eaton | 23/08/17
I bought this as my brother had just moved in and wanted a few coffee table items and was unsure of what to buy other than magazines or books. I saw this and it's the perfect product for what I was after. Neutral colours too. Cant go wrong especially with the price tag.
Millissa Potts | 23/01/17
Bought for my husband as a stocking filler at Christmas and he has had great fun with it. I would recommend it to anyone who was addicted to the Rubicks Cube.
Mrs Carole Kemp | 11/01/17
Perfect for a sudoku fan, especially when travelling (unless you are driving of course!) I know the person I bought this for will be very pleased.Fast delivery well packaged. Cannot fault anything, very pleased with purchase.
Margaret aldridge | 16/11/16
Back To The Top


text:
Leoni AG 12.10.2011 14:58 Dissemination of a Voting Rights Announcement, transmitted by DGAP - a company of EquityStory AG. The issuer is solely responsible for the content of this announcement. =-------------------------------------------------------------------------- On 11 October, 2011, Allianz Global Investors Kapitalanlagegesellschaft mbH, Frankfurt, Germany informed us according to Article 21, Section 1 Sentence 1 of the WpHG that via shares its voting rights on Leoni AG, Nuremberg, Germany, have exceeded the 3% threshold of the voting rights on 7 October, 2011 and on that day amounted to 3.01% of the total of LEONI AG's voting rights (this corresponds to 982,448 of a total 32,669,000 voting rights). According to Article 22, Section 1, Sentence 1, No. 6 of the WpHG, 0.82% of the voting rights (this corresponds to 268,788 of a total of 32,669,000 voting rights) is to be attributed to Allianz Global Investors Kapitalanlagegesellschaft mbH, Frankfurt, Germany. 12.10.2011 DGAP's Distribution Services include Regulatory Announcements, Financial/Corporate News and Press Releases. Media archive at www.dgap-medientreff.de and www.dgap.de =-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Language: English Company: Leoni AG Marienstraße 7 90402 Nürnberg Germany Internet: www.leoni.com End of Announcement DGAP News-Service =--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 2007 Dow Jones & Company, Inc.


text:
The director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warns that isolating or imposing a travel ban of West Africa would increase distrust of the government.
"Restricting travel or trade to and from a community makes it harder to control in the isolated area, eventually putting the rest of the country at even greater risk," Dr. Tom Frieden wrote on his CDC blog. "Isolating communities also increases people's distrust of government, making them less likely to co-operate to help stop the spread of Ebola."
Frieden believes the strategy of sealing borders or isolating the West African nations where the Ebola outbreak is prevalent would just make the situation worse.
"When countries are isolated, it is harder to get medical supplies and personnel deployed to stop the spread of Ebola. And even when governments restrict travel and trade, people in affected countries still find a way to move and it is even harder to track them systematically," Frieden wrote.


text:
Independence Daily Reporter, Thursday, October 20, 1904, Pg. 1:
Old Resident Passes Away Wednesday Night
At midnight last night occurred the death of John Fortner, at his home, 604 North Eleventh street. Death was due to a hemorrhage of the lungs, which was the result of a severe attack of the gripp which Mr. Fortner contracted last winter, and from which he had never fully recovered.
John Fortner was a native of Martin county, Ind. There, about 30 years ago he was united in marriage to Susanna Simpson. About 28 years ago he came to Kansas and settled in Elk County, where he resided for several years. About 15 or 16 years ago he came with his family to Montgomery county, and for three years resided on a farm south of this city. He then removed to Missouri, where he continued to reside until February, 1903, when he came to this city.
A wife and five children are left to mourn his loss.
The children are: Will Fortner, A. C. Fortner and J. G. Fortner, all of the city except A. C. Fortner, who now resides at Altoona. The funeral will be held from the family residence, Friday afternoon at 2 o'clock, and the remains will be interred in Mount Hope cemetery. Mr. Fortner was a member of the G. A. R., have served in Company C., 86th Indiana volunteers, and the funeral will be under the direction of the local post.
South Kansas Tribune, Wednesday, October 26, 1904, Pg. 5:
John Fortner, an old soldier, died suddenly Wednesday night last, from effects of a hemorrhage of the lungs, aged about 65 years. He had long suffered from asthma, and was quite feeble, but retired in about usual health. About midnight he was taken with a coughing spell and died very suddenly. In recent years he has been merchandising on north Tenth. He served in Co.C, 85 Indiana Volunteers, and his interment was under the auspices of McPherson Post G. A. R.
Contributed by Mrs. Maryann Johnson a Civil war researcher and a volunteer in the Kansas Room of the Independence Public Library, Independence, Kansas