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A Long Beach police officer leads a train of four vibroseis trucks as they inch forward before sending another round of acoustical energy into the ground on Anaheim Street just west of Obispo Avenue last Friday as part of the Long Beach-Signal Hill Geographical Survey.
10:46am | Oversized trucks traveling in a group of four continued to shake the streets of Long Beach last week as part of the Long Beach-Signal Hill Geophysical Survey.
Last Tuesday, the vibroseis survey trucks, escorted by two black-and-whites from the Long Beach Police Department, slowly made their way up the middle of Redondo Avenue, stopping every few yards and lowering their seismic vibrators to the pavement below to input acoustical energy into the ground. The trucks were spotted by the Long Beach Post again last Friday, traveling west on Anaheim Street.
Drivers might not have felt the resultant vibrations, but anyone walking along the sidewalks adjacent to the trucks would have been hard pressed to not notice the ground shaking.
The survey, which launched on Jan. 18, is slated to continue through the first half of 2011, according to an informational brochure provided by a survey technician as he monitored the sidewalk alongside the quartet of earth-shaking vehicles.
While the survey is being sponsored by Signal Hill Petroleum Inc. to identify any additional oil resources that might exist, it will also provide a current map of the geophysical strata beneath the two cities, as well as identify any significant subsurface conditions such as potential faults, according to the survey brochure.
This is all accomplished through seismic imaging. The acoustic waves the trucks send into the ground penetrate deep into the earth. As they pass by the various geographical strata, acoustic reflections are created. These reflections are recorded by small, specialized recording devices called nodes that have been previously inserted into the ground in strategic locations. The data recorded by the nodes is then downloaded and processed by state-of-the-art computer programs that generate three-dimensional images of the earth's subsurface and deeper geology.
The seismic imaging process does not damage the street or negatively impact the earth below ground.
The survey team, which is headed up by NodalSeismic LLC, is working in conjunction with several universities and government agencies with which it will share the data for academic and scientific research, according to the survey brochure.
A website, LBGeophysical.com, has been created specifically for the survey and provides detailed information about the effort, including a community calendar identifying where the trucks will be operating on a particular date. The survey is conducted on weekdays between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m.
This week, the trucks will continue heading west on Anaheim from Temple Avenue to Martin Luther King Boulevard on Monday. They will head south on Cherry Avenue from 19th Street to Anaheim on Tuesday, and on Wednesday, they will head west on Seventh Street from Walnut Avenue to Atlantic Avenue and from Federation Drive to Obispo Avenue. Thursday will find them heading west on Seventh from Obispo to Walnut as well as west on Anaheim from Martin Luther King to Atlantic. Finally, they will head south on Orange Avenue from Hill Street to 17th Street and south on Alamitos Avenue from 17th to Seventh on Friday.
While most of the survey is being conducted on public streets, select off-street commercial locations and vacant lots may also be surveyed if permission is granted by the land owner.
Anyone with questions or concerns is asked to contact the project manager by calling 562-326-5186. Additionally, any related emergencies should be reported to Signal Hill Petroleum by calling 562-595-6440.
A survey technician records a seismic reading onto a clipboard as four vibroseis trucks input acoustical energy into the ground on Anaheim Street just west of Obispo Avenue last Friday as part of the Long Beach-Signal Hill Geographical Survey.
A Long Beach police officer trails behind four vibroseis trucks as they inch forward before sending another round of acoustical energy into the earth on Anaheim Street just west of Obispo Avenue last Friday as part of the Long Beach-Signal Hill Geographical Survey.


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If you feel your product has failed a Consumer Guarantee (as defined by Australian Consumer Law) then don't worry you can easily return it to your local Harvey Norman store. We'll even pay for the postage if you live in an area where there is no store. Our returns policy covers any purchased item (conditions apply).
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NOXUBEE COUNTY, Miss. (WCBI) — Dr. Kentrell Liddell made history when she was chosen to be the first African American medical chief of the Mississippi Department of Corrections.
However in 2009, the Noxubee County native pleaded guilty to embezzlement. Now she says deserves a 2nd chance.
Liddell was stripped of her medical license after her conviction.
She was put on house arrest, asked to repay $94,000 and serve five years probation.
Now she's lobbying to have Statute 97-11-25 amended so that she can practice medicine again and serve the community.
The statute permanently prohibits any public official convicted of embezzlement from working in the state.[TAKE SOT]
"The campaign really is just to bring to the attention of our lawmakers and to those who care, that this law enacted in 1972, is a very old antiquated law and I do not believe it serves the purposes of our state and its citizens today," Liddell said.
State Representative Tyrone Ellis says he supports Liddell's campaign. He'll propose an amendment to the statute in late September.
Liddell could also have her license restored if Mississippi Governor Phil Bryant issues a pardon.


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To make reservations by phone, dial 1 800 251 259 in Australia and 0800 441 035 in New Zealand, or view our regional telephone reservation numbers.
The Protea Hotel O.R. Tambo Airport offers the perfect blend of comfort and convenience for your Johannesburg visit. Prepare to be impressed with the aviation-themed décor, food, drinks, & in-room amenities. Our striking airport view enables you to see take-offs, landings & the impressive international aircraft just outside your window.All bedroom windows, with blackout curtains, are double glazed to drastically reduce take-off & landing noise for your convenience. Savor fresh all-day dining in a quirky aviation-themed atmosphere at The Warehouse, our hotel restaurant, or enjoy a dip in the outdoor pool. Guests of all ages will love our unique Flight Simulator, too! We offer flexible & creative venue options with state-of-the-art audiovisual facilities. Our hotel is the ideal multi-functional venue for those planning events in Johannesburg, with the capacity for up to 300 persons. Our prime location near O.R. Tambo International Airport (& free shuttle service) removes the stress of travel.
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If you've got a big date this weekend, eHarmony just put out a list of some first date red flags. Some of them you've probably heard before, but a few were kind of interesting. Here are the top five things to watch out for in the other person . . .
1. They're Pessimistic- If they describe everything as "the worst," then you should probably expect that kind of attitude to be directed at YOU eventually.
Then again, if you're the type of person who likes complaining and ripping on people, you might be perfect for each other.
2. Every Time You Tell a Story, They Try to Top It- It's a sign that they're competitive, which can be a good thing.
But if they seem overly competitive, it could mean they're insecure. And they might not end up being very supportive, because they'll constantly want the upper hand in the relationship.
3. They Mention Their Ex More Than Once- Once isn't a huge deal. But if they mention them MORE than once, they're probably not over them yet. Which doesn't necessarily mean you shouldn't date them. Just keep it in mind.
4. They Check Their Phone More Than Twice During Dinner- It's either because they feel awkward or nervous, or because they're not interested in what you're saying. And either way, it means you're probably not hitting it off.
5. They Drink Too Much- Again, it might just mean they're nervous. Or it might mean they have a problem, because most people are capable of dialing it down on a first date so they don't get tipsy.


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About This Activity
Prize money is a given in the form of event sponsorship. You may use this prize money towards future events, merchandise, awards banquet etc. This money is non-transferrable towards other franchise tournaments or teams.
Here's how it works!!
If you won a TCS Northeast Event from Columbus Day 2012--> July 4th 2013 and go on to win the Don't Boot the Loot Invitational you will win the Grand Prize of $1500.00 in event Sponsorship.
If you sign up to participate in the most competitive event in the Northeast and go on to win it but have not qualified for the Grand Prize, you will still earn a $300.00 event sponsorship prize for winning the Don't Boot the Loot Invitational.
This is one of the most competitive events in the Northeast! Remember, DON'T BOOT THE LOOT!!
Organizer Info
Triple Crown Sports


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Jack Layton has formed an obvious connection with Quebeckers. And in return, they have given centre-left voters everywhere else a chance to realign federal politics.
This should be coveted. Good faith from old adversaries will be needed to make it work, but the key ingredient is imagining that something better can be built.
Outside of Quebec, "uniting the left" is seen to involve getting New Democrats and Liberals together. This is most pronounced in Southern Ontario, where anti-Conservative votes are split most often. As Gilles Duceppe knows, however, it also involves voters who have not voted NDP or Liberal for some time.
It is now 31 years since Liberals last won Quebec. Not by accident, these decades include the most wrenching moments for the centre-left: the 1988 free trade election, 2006 and now. The bitterness these defeats create keeps good people apart. They also underline the double challenge of framing politics more naturally around left and right, while navigating Quebec's national question.
To unite the centre-left, both need addressing. That's because Quebeckers who stopped Liberals being natural governors in 1984 are now parked with Mr. Layton after two elections with Brian Mulroney and six with the Bloc Québécois.
Staying stuck to rules that worked when Wayne Gretzky was a rookie cannot unravel this knot. It's time to throw out was once true and instead ask what can be made true - by looking at politics through a lens not focused on the Liberal Party.
That might seem silly. It was, after all, one of the world's most successful parties, which created a belief that a blip let Stephen Harper win. But the real blip was Jean Chrétien. Despite three majorities, he never won the most Quebec seats. He came close in 2000, but by 2004 Liberal scandal rejuvenated the Bloc exactly as a united right ended Liberal dominance in Ontario.
This dominance helped people forget about John Turner. His two elections are eerily similar to those of Paul Martin, Stéphane Dion and Michael Ignatieff, and all underscore chronic Liberal weakness in Quebec.
The question for centre-left voters is what to do about it.
Pondering a federal NDP government is difficult, especially in Ontario, which once experimented that way and doesn't recall the experience fondly. With English media based in Toronto, Bob Rae is interchangeable with what NDP governments are like.
But there are 25 others that have competently run four other provinces and the Yukon for 87 years. These look similar to regular governments in New Zealand, Australia and Britain, which helped them get medicare, pensions and fight climate change decades before Canada. Issues like these are why centre-left voters never liked Stephen Harper. They are in part why Quebeckers stayed loyal to the Bloc, and explain why the party to do the most damage to it was the most progressive federalist one on the ballot.
So issues like these, not party labels, should guide people. That's because the Liberal Party is not progressive enough to vanquish the NDP, while the federal NDP has yet to morph into something like Manitoba's version.
"Uniting the left" has never just been about getting New Democrats and Liberals together. It has always involved Quebec. And Mr. Layton being the first federalist to beat the Bloc makes the NDP the foundation on which to build.
But while the NDP is the obvious base, it must be an NDP different from the one Mr. Layton first led. It already is, though: More than half the caucus is from Quebec.
The NDP is like Lego, adding pieces over time, but two have always eluded it. One is Quebec; the other mainstream, moderate voters, mostly in Southern Ontario. Seeing Mr. Layton celebrate as Mr. Harper won was jarring for them. Stopping that happening again will require Mr. Layton being brave enough to open NDP doors wide for others to change his party - and others brave enough to walk through.
Not to help orange beat red, but to let open-minded New Democrats, left-leaning Liberals and Quebeckers work together. And do more.
Jamey Heath was Jack Layton's communications director from 2002 to 2006. He is the author of Dead Centre: Hope, Possibility and Unity for Canadian Progressives.Report Typo/Error
Follow us on Twitter: @GlobeDebate


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Coffee is a $70 billion global market, and social media is a fertile brewing ground for brand competition.
Unmetric recently released a Coffee Industry Social Media Report that analyzes social media performance of three major types of java brands: coffee shops, consumer packaged goods, and coffee makers.
Check out the most popular coffee companies on Twitter, and more, below.
Key findings from Unmetric's Coffee Industry Social Media Report:
– The four most popular coffee roasters on Twitter are: Green Mountain, Nescafe, Illy, and Tullys
– Green Mountain Coffee Roasters has the highest number of tweets per day (32)
– Nescafe has the lowest (1)
– The six most popular coffee shops on Twitter are: Starbucks, Dunkin' Donuts, Caribou Coffee, Peets, Seattle's Best, and Tim Hortons
– Keurig has one of the highest number of replies (900)
(Source: Unmetric. Coffee photo via palllew / Flickr.)


text: I'm about to purchase a cheap bass practice amp. Keeping it at $250 or less. Here are my options: Acoustic B100MKII 100w - $249.99 Orange Crush Pix 50w - $269.99 Ampeg BA110 35w - $179.99 Peavey Max 112 II 200w - $249.99 This will be for jamming and practicing at home. The guys I play with have a full PA setup and I haven't had to bring any amp to play with them. Suggestions or opinions?


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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate inflammation in sepsis, but their role in sepsis-induced respiratory failure is unknown. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is a unique vasoconstrictor response that diverts blood flow away from poorly ventilated lung regions. HPV is impaired in sepsis and after challenge with the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Unlike TLR4 agonists, which are present only in Gram-negative bacteria, TLR2 agonists are ubiquitously expressed in all of the major classes of microorganisms that cause sepsis, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. We tested the hypothesis that (S)-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2RS)-propyl]-N-palmitoyl-(R)-Cys-(S)-Ser(S)-Lys4-OH, trihydrochloride (Pam3Cys), a TLR2 agonist, impairs HPV and compared selected pulmonary and systemic effects of Pam3Cys vs. LPS. HPV was assessed 22 h after challenge with saline, Pam3Cys, or LPS by measuring the increase in the pulmonary vascular resistance of the left lung before and during left lung alveolar hypoxia produced by left mainstem bronchus occlusion (LMBO). Additional endpoints included arterial blood gases during LMBO, hemodynamic parameters, weight loss, temperature, physical appearance, and several markers of lung inflammation. Compared with saline, challenge with Pam3Cys caused profound impairment of HPV, reduced systemic arterial oxygenation during LMBO, weight loss, leukopenia, and lung inflammation. In addition to these effects, LPS-challenged mice had lower rectal temperatures, metabolic acidosis, and were more ill appearing than Pam3Cys-challenged mice. These data indicate that TLR2 activation impairs HPV and induces deleterious systemic effects in mice and suggest that TLR2 pathways may be important in sepsis-induced respiratory failure.
- hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction impairment
- lung inflammation
- sepsis
acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) frequently complicate sepsis. Sepsis-induced ARDS has the highest mortality rate of all causes of ARDS (30). Although hypoxic respiratory failure frequently occurs in sepsis, the precise mechanisms of sepsis-induced respiratory failure are incompletely understood. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is a unique vasoconstrictor response to alveolar hypoxia that diverts blood flow away from poorly ventilated lung regions, thereby reducing the right-to-left shunting of venous blood and optimizing systemic oxygenation when the lung is injured (37). HPV is impaired in ARDS and sepsis, which results in intrapulmonary shunting and at times systemic hypoxemia (11, 26). We previously reported that challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes impaired HPV in mice (35). Although the detailed mechanisms that underlie HPV remain elusive, several factors seem to contribute. For example, increased pulmonary nitric oxide (NO) levels are required, but are not sufficient, to impair HPV in LPS-challenged mice (35). Also, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced HPV impairment on the basis of a study that indicated that HPV is preserved in septic mice that are treated with ROS scavengers (6).
In sepsis, components of microorganisms activate host cells to express inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and NO. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critically involved in sensing and generating inflammatory responses to infection (1, 2). TLRs are a family of pattern-recognition receptors that recognize conserved molecular motifs in microorganisms. Thus far, 13 TLRs have been described in mammals (9). Although TLRs recognize conserved patterns that are present in microorganisms, there are important differences between the TLRs. For instance, TLR4 mediates the inflammatory effects of LPS (endotoxin) from Gram-negative bacteria (27–29), whereas TLR2 mediates the inflammatory effects of lipoproteins from Gram-negative bacteria and also of components of Gram-positive bacteria and fungi (3, 10, 18, 25, 34). Furthermore, the patterns of inflammatory responses elicited by activation of TLR2 vs. TLR4 differ (9, 19, 36), and different TLR agonists have been found to profoundly influence the inflammatory effects of one another (7, 24). Thus far, two predominant intracellular TLR pathways have been identified (1, 41).The differences observed in inflammatory effects of TLR2 vs. TLR4 agonists, and the ability of TLR2 and TLR4 agonists to alter each other's inflammatory effects, most likely derives, in part, from differential signaling through myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent and MyD88-independent intracellular pathways (7). Whereas TLR2 signals through only the MyD88-dependent pathway, TLR4 signals through both the MyD88-dependent and MyD88-independent pathways (1, 41). TLR2 and TLR4 are expressed in multiple cell types in the lung, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells (5, 12, 13). Although mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells have been reported to express TLR2, there is not yet conclusive evidence that pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells express TLR2 (22, 42, 43). Challenge with TLR2 agonists has been shown to induce lung inflammation (15, 39). However, the effects of TLR2 activation on pulmonary function, including on the lung vasculature and on gas exchange, are not clear.
Our prior studies (35) indicated that challenge with LPS impairs HPV in mice. LPS, a TLR4 agonist, is present only in Gram-negative bacteria. However, sepsis is also caused by Gram-positive bacteria (40–65%) and fungi (∼10%) (31, 40). In fact, the incidence of Gram-positive bacteremia has increased over the past few decades, such that Gram-positive bacteremia now occurs more frequently than Gram-negative bacteremia (40). Thus it seems likely that non-TLR4 pathways also contribute to pulmonary inflammation and dysfunction in sepsis. We have found that several TLR2 agonists are shed by bacteria into human serum and into the blood of septic animals (14, 15, 17).
Because TLR2 agonists are ubiquitously expressed in all of the major classes of microorganisms and circulate in diverse sepsis models, we investigated the role of TLR2 activation in sepsis-induced respiratory dysfunction. We tested the hypothesis that challenge with (S)-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2RS)-propyl]-N-palmitoyl-(R)-Cys-(S)-Ser(S)-Lys4-OH, trihydrochloride (Pam3Cys), a synthetic bacterial lipopeptide TLR2 agonist, would impair HPV and induce deleterious pulmonary and systemic effects. We learned that activation of TLR2 causes profound impairment of HPV in mice.
The Massachusetts General Hospital Subcommittee on Research Animal Care approved all of the animal studies. Male C57BL6/J (wild-type) and TLR2-deficient (B6.129-Tlr2tm1Kir/J, TLR2−/−) mice were purchased from Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME). B6.129-Tlr2tm1Kir/J heterozygotes were in crossed, then backcrossed to C57BL/6J for nine generations. Mice weighed between 18 and 30 g.
Pam3Cys was purchased from EMC Micro Collections (Tubingen, Germany). Escherichia coli O55:5 LPS was purchased from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA). The LPS was determined to be free of non-TLR4 bacterial components by using immunoblots for bacterial peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein and murein lipoprotein, gold stains, and on the basis of the fact that the LPS did not activate macrophages prepared from LPS-hyporesponsive mice (7, 16). Angiotensin II was purchased from American Peptide (Sunnyvale, CA).
Challenge of mice with saline, Pam3Cys, or LPS.
Mice received an intravenous injection of either saline, Pam3Cys (20 mg/kg), or LPS (20 mg/kg). These doses of Pam3Cys and LPS were established in pilot dose-response studies. Pam3Cys and LPS were dissolved in saline. The injectate volume for all conditions was 0.01 ml/g body wt. All studies were performed by using wild-type mice. Limited studies were also performed by using TLR2−/− mice, to verify that effects of Pam3Cys on HPV, arterial blood gas tensions, white blood cells (WBC), and physical appearance were mediated by TLR2 and not additional receptors.
Measurement of HPV and arterial blood gas tension analysis in mice after treatment with saline, Pam3Cys, or LPS.
We used a model of HPV that was previously developed in our laboratory to assess pulmonary blood flow redistribution in response to alveolar hypoxia in mice (35). This model uses an open-chest approach, which provides access for placement of a flow probe around the left pulmonary artery and a catheter into the main pulmonary artery. In early experiments we found that, after a thoracotomy, mice that were ventilated with hypoxic gas mixtures died rapidly and did not develop a significant acute change in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Thus we developed a model of unilateral alveolar hypoxia that is well tolerated after a thoracotomy and provides reliable and consistent changes in PVR in response to alveolar hypoxia (35). Left lung alveolar hypoxia is induced by reversibly occluding the left mainstem bronchus and allowing the lung to collapse. Left lung pulmonary vascular resistance (LPVR) and other hemodynamic parameters were obtained before and during left lung alveolar hypoxia induced by left mainstem bronchial occlusion (LMBO).
Detailed methods of the surgical preparation and the measurement of LPVR have been described (35). Briefly, 22 h after challenge with saline, Pam3Cys, or LPS, wild-type and TLR2−/− mice were anesthetized, mechanically ventilated with an inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) of 1.0 (respiratory rate 110–120 breaths per minute, peak inspiratory pressure 13 cmH2O, and positive end-expiratory pressure level 2–3 cmH2O), and then subjected to a thoracotomy. For hemodynamic measurements, an arterial line was inserted into the left carotid artery, a custom-made catheter was placed into the main pulmonary artery, and a flow probe was sited around the left pulmonary artery. Systemic arterial pressure (SAP), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), and left pulmonary arterial blood flow (QLPA) were continuously measured and recorded before and during LMBO. To estimate the LPVR, the inferior vena cava was partially occluded to transiently reduce cardiac output until QLPA was reduced by ∼50%. LPVR was calculated from the slope of the QLPA/PAP relationship. The LMBO-induced increase in LPVR was expressed as the percentage increase from baseline LPVR after 5 min of LMBO vs. before LMBO.
After hemodynamic measurements were completed, arterial blood was sampled from the left carotid artery during LMBO at a FiO2 of 1.0. Blood gas tension analyses were measured by using a Rapid Lab 840 (Chiron Diagnostics, Medfield, MA). The alveolar-to-arterial difference in the partial pressure of O2 (A-aDo2) was calculated for wild-type mice. Partial pressure of O2 in the alveoli (PAlvo2) was calculated to be 550 mmHg based on the alveolar gas equation (PAlvo2 = [Patmospheric − PH2O] × FiO2 − PaCO2/respiratory quotient), where Patmospheric is the atmospheric pressure, PH2O is the partial pressure of water vapor in the alveoli, and PaCO2 is arterial partial pressure of CO2. The A-aDo2 was calculated by using the following equation: A-aDo2 = PAlvo2 − arterial partial pressure of O2 (PaO2).
Physical appearance of mice.
Wild-type and TLR2−/− mice were observed at 22 h after challenge. For each mouse, numeric "health" scores were assigned at intervals based on the several features with a numeric value (0 to 2): mobility (2 = very slow, 1 = slow, 0 = normal), appearance of the hair (2 = piloerection and dull, 1 = dull, 0 = shiny), presence of purulent drainage from the eyes (2 = copious, 1 = minimal, 0 = none), and diarrhea (2 = copious, 1 = minimal, 0 = none). In addition, changes of body weight were measured by weighing the mice both before and 22 h after challenge with saline, Pam3Cys, or LPS. Body temperature was measured at the beginning of the preparation for hemodynamic measurements by using a rectal thermistor probe (temperature control system; FHC, Bowdoinham, ME).
Quantitative RT-PCR for inducible NO synthase and TNF-α.
RNA was prepared from lungs of mice 2, 7, and 22 h after challenge by using RNA STAT-60 (Tel-Test, Friendswood, TX). Samples were treated with RNase-free DNase (Qiagen, Valencia, CA), and RNA was further purified with RNeasy/QIAamp Columns (Qiagen). cDNA was generated with Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (Promega, Madison, WI) and random primers (Promega) at 37°C for 1 h. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed with the ABI Prism 7000 sequence detection system (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) by using TaqMan premade primers for TNF-α and inducible NO synthase (iNOS; Applied Biosystems). Postamplification dissociation curves were performed to verify the presence of a single amplification product. Ribosomal RNA (18S) was detected by using 18S primers (18S forward: 5′-CGGCTACCACATCCAAGGAA, 18S reverse: 5′-GCTGGAATTACCGCGGCT; DNA Oligonucleotide Synthesis Core, Massachusetts General Hospital). Changes in gene expression were normalized to 18S ribosomal RNA levels by using the relative cycle threshold method.
Lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence was used to measure superoxide levels as described (21). Briefly, lungs were collected from wild-type mice 2 h after challenge with saline, Pam3Cys, or LPS. Lung tissue was preincubated with Krebs-HEPES buffer containing 10 μM NADPH and was transferred into wells containing Krebs-HEPES buffer supplemented with 10 μM NADPH and 5 μM Lucigenin. Chemiluminescence was recorded over 60 s (Victor3; Perkin Elmer) and was reported as relative light units (RLU). Background chemiluminescence was subtracted from the RLU count. Superoxide production is expressed as RLU per milligram of dry lung tissue.
WBC concentration.
To assess circulating WBC concentration, a 25-ml blood sample was obtained via the arterial line. WBC counts were performed by using a hemocytometer (Hausser Scientific, Horsham, PA) and a microscope.
Myeloperoxidase activity.
Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltration in the lungs was estimated by measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO) as described (15).
Lung morphology.
Lungs were collected 2, 7, and 22 h after challenge with saline, Pam3Cys, or LPS and were fixed by perfusing the airway and pulmonary artery with 3% paraformaldehyde and 0.1% glutaraldehyde, respectively. Tissue blocks were then embedded in resin (Technovit 7100; Heraeus Kulzer, Wehrheim, Germany), cut into 2-μm-thick sections, and stained with 0.05% toluidine blue. The distribution and number of WBC infiltrating the lungs was assessed by using light microscopy by an investigator who was blinded to the time and treatment. PMNs were identified on the basis of their morphology, and the quantity of PMNs was estimated by using a semiquantitative scoring analysis (0 = none, 1 = few, 2 = moderate, 3 = many).
Lung wet-to-dry ratios.
Wet-to-dry ratios were quantified in the lungs of wild-type mice 22 h after challenge with saline, Pam3Cys, or LPS to quantitate any lung edema as described (35). Mice were euthanized with pentobarbital, and both lungs were excised, blotted dry, and immediately weighed. Lungs were then dried to constant weight in a microwave oven for 60 min and were reweighed.
Pulmonary vascular response to infusion of angiotensin II.
Twenty-two hours after challenge with saline or Pam3Cys, wild-type mice were prepared as described above for the HPV measurements. An additional vascular access catheter was placed in the right carotid artery for infusion of saline or angiotensin II (dissolved in saline) by using an infusion pump (Kent Scientific, Torrington, CT). Angiotensin II doses of 0.05, 0.5, and 5.0 μg·kg−1·min−1 were consecutively infused for 5 min. After a plateau was reached, the inferior vena cava was transiently occluded. LPVR was calculated from the slope of the QLPA/PAP relationship during the transient occlusions. The angiotensin II infusion was then discontinued, a final measurement of the QLPA/PAP relationship was performed, and the LPVR was calculated.
Statistical analysis.
Data are expressed as means ± SE. P values <0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed by using SigmaStat 3.0 (Systat Software). The effects of angiotensin II infusion on LPVR and expression of mRNA and MPO activity in the lung were compared by using a one-way ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni tests for data that were normally distributed or by using a Kruskal-Wallis Test with post hoc Dunn's test for data that were not normally distributed. For all other studies, t-tests were used for data that were normally distributed or Mann-Whitney rank sum tests were used for data that were not normally distributed.
Hemodynamic parameters before and during LMBO in mice challenged with Pam3Cys and LPS.
To investigate the effects of Pam3Cys and LPS on HPV, the percent change in LPVR in response to LMBO was measured 22 h after challenge with saline, Pam3Cys, or LPS (Fig. 1). Hemodynamic parameters and left pulmonary blood flow before and during LMBO are included in Table 1. Saline-challenged mice exhibited a profound increase of LPVR in response to LMBO (112 ± 4%, Fig. 1). In pilot experiments, we found that HPV is not impaired in mice challenged with Pam3Cys at a dose of 4 mg/kg (112 ± 9%, n = 7, data not shown), but HPV is significantly impaired at a dose of 20 mg/kg (38 ± 6%, P < 0.001 vs. saline, Fig. 1). Challenge with LPS (20 mg/kg) markedly and similarly impaired the increase of LPVR in response to LMBO (38 ± 7%, P < 0.001 vs. saline, Fig. 1). There were no significant differences in heart rate or systemic arterial pressure before and during LMBO in any of the groups (Table 1), suggesting that systemic hemodynamics were stable and did not account for differences in left lung blood flow that were observed between the groups. Despite significant differences in the percent increase in LPVR, there were not significant differences in baseline PAP or the rise in PAP following LMBO in wild-type mice that were challenged with saline, Pam3Cys, and LPS (Table 1). Although left pulmonary blood flow was reduced during LMBO vs. baseline in all groups, there was more of a reduction in left pulmonary blood flow during LMBO in saline-treated vs. Pam3Cys or LPS-treated wild-type mice (Table 1).
We previously showed (35) that challenge with LPS does not impair the murine pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to infused angiotensin II, indicating that LPS does not impair HPV via nonspecific effects on pulmonary vascular contractile function. To assess the possibility that the effects of Pam3Cys on HPV could be due to nonspecific effects of Pam3Cys on pulmonary vascular contractile function, we compared the effects of infusing increasing doses of angiotensin II on LPVR in wild-type mice 22 h after challenge with saline (n = 5) or with Pam3Cys (n = 6) (Fig. 1B). In saline-treated mice, the LPVR increased from 74 ± 14 at baseline to 165 ± 7 mmHg·ml−1·min−1·g−1 during infusion of angiotensin II at 5.0 μg·kg−1·m−1 (P < 0.01). In Pam3Cys-challenged mice, the LPVR increased from 89 ± 8 at baseline to 173 ± 24 mmHg·ml−1·min−1·g−1 during infusion of angiotensin II at 5.0 μg·kg−1·m−1 (P < 0.01). LPVR returned to baseline for both saline and Pam3Cys-challenged mice following discontinuation of the angiotensin II infusion (89 ± 9 and 96 ± 11 mmHg·ml−1·min−1·g−1, respectively). There were no significant differences in the LPVR between saline and Pam3Cys-challenged mice at any dose of angiotensin II. These data suggest that the effects of Pam3Cys on LPVR in response to LMBO are not due to a generalized impairment of the pulmonary vascular contractile function.
Pam3Cys or LPS causes reduced systemic arterial oxygenation during LMBO.
To estimate the impact of HPV on systemic arterial oxygenation, we measured arterial blood gas tensions in wild-type mice during LMBO while the right lung was ventilated with 100% oxygen. These data are shown in Table 2 and Fig. 2. The values of PaO2 were significantly reduced in mice that were challenged with Pam3Cys (P < 0.001) or with LPS (P < 0.05) compared with mice that were challenged with saline (Fig. 2). The PaO2 values were decreased to roughly the same extent after challenge with either Pam3Cys or LPS. In agreement with this, the A-aDo2 was significantly increased in wild-type mice challenged with Pam3Cys (401 ± 21 mmHg, P < 0.05) or LPS (and 378 ± 11 mmHg; P < 0.05) vs. mice that were challenged with saline (282 ± 21 mmHg). There were no significant differences in the values of PaCO2 after challenge with either saline, Pam3Cys, or LPS. The pH, standardized bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3]), and base excess (BE) were similar in saline and Pam3Cys-challenged mice (P > 0.05). In contrast, compared with challenge with saline or with Pam3Cys, challenge with LPS caused a significant metabolic acidosis as indicated by a decrease in the arterial pH, the [HCO3], and the BE (P < 0.05 all parameters LPS vs. saline or Pam3Cys). Hemoglobin concentrations were similar in all treatment groups (Table 2).
Both Pam3Cys and LPS cause weight loss, but LPS has more profound deleterious effects than Pam3Cys on the clinical condition of mice.
Body weight, rectal temperature, and physical appearance were assessed in wild-type mice 22 h following challenge with saline, Pam3Cys, or LPS (Table 3). Saline challenge did not cause weight loss or alter body temperature or physical appearance compared with untreated mice. After 22 h, mice challenged with Pam3Cys exhibited weight loss (P < 0.05 vs. saline) but had a normal rectal temperature and only minimal changes in physical appearance, including mild piloerection (P < 0.05 vs. saline). In contrast, mice challenged with LPS exhibited a markedly reduced body weight (P < 0.001 vs. saline) and a reduced rectal temperature (P < 0.05 vs. saline), and they appeared acutely ill (P < 0.001 vs. saline). LPS-challenged mice exhibited dull fur, piloerection, reduced mobility, purulent drainage from the eyes, and diarrhea. Compared with Pam3Cys-challenged mice, LPS-challenged mice appeared sicker (P < 0.001 vs. Pam3Cys), and had greater weight loss and lower rectal temperatures (P < 0.05 vs. Pam3Cys).
Pam3Cys and LPS upregulate the expression of iNOS.
On the basis of prior studies suggesting that induction of iNOS is important in LPS-induced HPV impairment (35), we hypothesized that iNOS may be involved in Pam3Cys-induced impairment of HPV. Compared with treatment with saline, treatment with either Pam3Cys or LPS induced lung expression of iNOS mRNA (Fig. 3A). There were differences between Pam3Cys and LPS in terms of the time course and magnitude of iNOS mRNA induction. Pam3Cys caused increased levels of iNOS mRNA that were statistically significant at 2 h (P < 0.05 vs. saline) but not at 7 or 22 h. In contrast, LPS caused a more sustained and marked iNOS induction than Pam3Cys (P < 0.001). After a challenge with LPS, levels of iNOS mRNA were increased at 2 h, peaked at 7 h, and remained elevated at 22 h (P < 0.001).
Pam3Cys and LPS induce a similar pattern and magnitude of TNF-α mRNA expression.
After challenge with Pam3Cys and LPS, the lung's TNF-α mRNA expression was highest at 2 h (P < 0.001 vs. saline) and remained elevated at 7 and 22 h (P < 0.05 vs. saline, Fig. 3B). There were no significant differences in the levels of TNF-α mRNA induction between Pam3Cys- and LPS-treated mice (Fig. 3B).
Pam3Cys and LPS augment pulmonary ROS levels.
In a pilot study, we found that treatment with LPS causes increased lung superoxide production, which peaks at ∼2 h and declines to baseline at 4 to 7 h (data not shown). Thus we compared superoxide production in the lungs 2 h after challenge with saline, Pam3Cys, or LPS. Compared with treatment with saline, treatment with either Pam3Cys or LPS caused a statistically significant increase of ROS production (P < 0.05 vs. saline, Fig. 4). There was no significant difference in ROS levels in the lungs of mice that were treated with Pam3Cys or LPS.
Pam3Cys and LPS decrease the circulating WBC concentration.
Circulating WBC concentration was measured 22 h after challenge with saline, Pam3Cys, or LPS. Challenge with either Pam3Cys or LPS decreased the WBC concentration compared with saline (P < 0.001, Fig. 5A). The reduction of WBC concentration induced by LPS at 22 h was significantly greater than the decrease in WBC levels induced by Pam3Cys (P < 0.05 for LPS vs. Pam3Cys).
Pam3Cys and LPS increase lung MPO activity.
Pam3Cys and LPS both caused a sustained increase in the MPO activity levels at 2, 7, and 22 h (P < 0.001 vs. saline, Fig. 5B). LPS induced significantly higher MPO levels in the lung at 2 h than Pam3Cys (P < 0.001 for LPS vs. Pam3Cys).
Treatment with Pam3Cys does not increase the lung wet-to-dry ratios.
Lung wet-to-dry ratios did not differ between mice that were challenged with saline (4.52 ± 0.04), Pam3Cys (4.57 ± 0.13), or LPS (4.55 ± 0.05).
Treatment with Pam3Cys or LPS causes pulmonary PMN recruitment without histological evidence of infiltration.
We performed histological analyses 2, 7, and 22 h after challenge with either saline, Pam3Cys, or LPS. PMNs were increased in the lungs of Pam3Cys-challenged vs. saline-treated mice at 2, 7, and 22 h. These PMNs were primarily located in the intravascular space of the lungs. PMNs were also increased in the lungs of LPS-challenged mice at these three times and were also primarily located in the intravascular compartment of the lungs of LPS-challenged mice. There were no differences in abundance and localization noted between the lung sections obtained from Pam3Cys- vs. LPS-challenged mice at any time (data not shown).
TLR2 mediates the effects of Pam3Cys on HPV, blood gases, physical appearance, weight loss, and circulating WBC.
To verify that Pam3Cys impairs HPV via TLR2, rather than through additional receptors, the LMBO-induced increase in LPVR was also measured in TLR2−/− mice. Compared with results in wild-type mice, treatment with saline or Pam3Cys did not compromise HPV in TLR2−/− mice (Table 1 and Fig. 1). As expected, HPV was impaired in both wild-type and in TLR2−/− mice that were treated with LPS. After completing the measurement of HPV, the systemic arterial blood gas tension was measured in TLR2−/− mice challenged with either saline, Pam3Cys, or LPS (Table 2 and Fig. 2). There were no significant differences in PaO2 values of TLR2−/− mice that were treated with saline vs. Pam3Cys (P > 0.05). In contrast, and as expected on the basis of use of TLR4 and not TLR2, challenge with LPS caused a significant decrease in PaO2 in TLR2−/− mice (P < 0.05 vs. saline).
Body weight, temperature, and physical appearance were assessed at 22 h after challenge of TLR2−/− mice with saline, Pam3Cys, or LPS (Table 3). There were no differences observed in either saline- or Pam3Cys-challenged TLR2−/− mice. However, LPS-challenged TLR2−/− mice appeared acutely ill and had both a decreased body weight and reduced rectal temperature.
In the TLR2−/− mice, the circulating WBC concentrations were not reduced after either treatment with saline or with Pam3Cys (Fig. 5A, P > 0.05). As expected on the basis of intact TLR4 signaling, the WBC concentration was reduced in TLR2−/− mice that were challenged with LPS.
Unlike the systemic artery smooth muscle cell, the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell constricts when exposed to hypoxemia. HPV acts to preserve systemic arterial oxygen tension and is impaired in severe acute lung injury, and especially in ARDS due to sepsis. The most important finding of our study is that TLR2 activation profoundly impairs HPV. We report that activation of TLR2 induces systemic arterial hypoxemia during LMBO and causes pulmonary inflammation and deleterious systemic effects, including weight loss and a reduced circulating WBC concentration. Activation of TLR4 pathways likewise impairs HPV, causes pulmonary inflammation, and reduces the circulating WBC concentration. However, despite the fact that TLR2 and TLR4 activation both caused a similar degree of impairment of HPV, activation of TLR4 caused the mice to appear more profoundly ill and to develop a metabolic acidosis and reduced temperature, whereas activation of TLR2 did not cause these latter effects. Because the pulmonary vasoconstrictive response to angiotensin II was intact and unchanged following challenge with Pam3Cys, we do not believe that nonspecific dysfunction of the vasomotor contractile apparatus contributes to the effects of TLR2 activation on LPVR observed in these studies.
TLRs are critical host sensors of infection that initiate inflammatory responses to all classes of microorganisms. Because LPS is uniquely produced by Gram-negative bacteria, TLR4 is believed to be primarily involved in sensing and initiating host responses to infection with Gram-negative bacteria. However, acute respiratory failure and ARDS also occur in sepsis due to other classes of microorganisms, including Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. TLR2 agonists are broadly expressed in different classes of microbes, including Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and in fungi. Thus our finding that TLR2 activation impairs HPV suggests that TLR2 activation may be an important inducer of the respiratory complications of sepsis due to a broad range of microorganisms.
In these studies, we observed that compared with saline, challenge with Pam3Cys and LPS caused an impaired LPVR response to LMBO but that the PAP rise induced by LMBO was equal in wild-type mice that were challenged with saline, Pam3Cys, and LPS. Although we cannot provide a definitive explanation for the discrepancy between LPVR responses and PAP responses, we believe that the LPVR is a dynamic measurement of pulmonary vasomotor tone, whereas the PAP is a static measurement. The PAP reflects the sum total of different aspects of the cardiopulmonary system. Several factors may contribute to the PAP but do not seem to be crucial for HPV, including the cardiac output and cardiac processes that result in increased left atrial pressure, increased intrathoracic pressure, and perivascular or interstitial pulmonary edema. In contrast to PAP, the LPVR is a dynamic measurement reflecting the dynamic tone changes in the PAP/pulmonary arterial blood flow relationship. This test is far more sensitive for detecting physiological differences between groups than the simple evaluation of PAP.
Despite inducing a similar degree of impairment of HPV and weight loss, there were marked differences in the physical appearance, the rectal temperature, and the acid-base status of mice challenged with either Pam3Cys or LPS. At 22 h, LPS-challenged mice had a metabolic acidosis and a reduced rectal temperature and were observed to have piloerection, lethargy, diarrhea, and purulent drainage from their eyes. In contrast, Pam3Cys-treated mice did not have a metabolic acidosis, had a normal rectal temperature, and only exhibited mild piloerection. There were also some differences in the time course and magnitude of iNOS expression between Pam3Cys and LPS-treated mice. Both Pam3Cys and LPS caused an early peak in iNOS expression. However, the iNOS peak level was higher and was more sustained following challenge with LPS, remaining substantially elevated at the 7-h time point. It is probable that high levels of NO irreversibly damage the HPV, leading to enduring impairment of HPV. This concept is supported by our prior studies indicating that early, but not late, treatment with the NO synthase inhibitor l-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine protects against LPS-induced impairment of HPV (35).
We found that activation of either TLR2 or TLR4 increased ROS production in the lung. ROS have been implicated in the physiology and pathophysiology of HPV (4, 38), and antioxidants have been shown to have beneficial effects in sepsis (8, 32, 33, 44). In addition, only the early administration of ROS scavengers at 3 h after LPS challenge protects against later impairment of murine HPV measured at 22 h, whereas there was no effect when ROS scavengers were administered later and shortly before the measurement of HPV at 22 h (6). As described above for the role of early iNOS upregulation in the pathogenesis of later impairment of HPV, it is likely that the early production of ROS causes early and enduring damage to HPV.
In a clinical context, it is likely that during sepsis multiple TLR agonists circulate in the bloodstream simultaneously and that the amount and diversity of circulating TLR agonists will determine the physical, physiological, and chemical manifestations of infection. The discrepancy in physical appearance, temperature, acid-base status, and patterns of expression of inflammatory markers between mice that were treated with Pam3Cys vs. LPS raises the possibility that divergent pathways mediate aspects of TLR2 and TLR4 activation on the lung and on systemic parameters. There are reported differences of the TLR2 and TLR4 intracellular pathways. Whereas TLR2 activates through the intracellular adapter molecule MyD88, TLR4 activates both MyD88-dependent and MyD88-independent pathways (1, 20, 23). We recently reported (7) that the differences between the MyD88-dependent and MyD88-independent intracellular TLR pathways are important in the synergy, priming, and tolerance of inflammatory responses induced by exposure to different TLR agonists. The current study raises the possibility that MyD88-dependent pathways mediate the impairment of HPV and weight loss, whereas MyD88-independent pathways mediate other manifestations such as the reduction in core temperature, diarrhea, and lethargy. If this is the case, then the presence of both LPS and TLR2 agonists during sepsis may cause more profound physiological responses. However, it is also possible that the differences observed between mice that were treated with LPS vs. Pam3Cys were caused by differences in dose responses of different TLRs and that these differences would not have been observed had we used higher doses of Pam3Cys. In the present studies, we chose to treat mice with the same dose (by weight) of LPS and Pam3Cys. The dose was chosen based on our prior work indicating that HPV is impaired by LPS at 20 mg/kg (unpublished data) and because in pilot experiments we established that Pam3Cys at a dose of 4 mg/kg did not impair HPV, whereas Pam3Cys at a dose of 20 mg/kg did impair HPV to a similar degree as LPS at the same dose.
Activation of TLR2 and TLR4 caused an early and sustained increase of pulmonary MPO levels. Lung histology revealed that there was an early and sustained accumulation of PMNs in the intravascular space of Pam3Cys- and LPS-challenged mice, without evidence of PMN transmigration into the interstitium or the alveolar space. The mechanisms involved in PMN TLR2 and TLR4-induced accumulation in the lung's vasculature without diapedesis into the interstitial or alveolar spaces remain uncertain. Additional studies will be required to determine whether or not accumulation of PMNs in the pulmonary vasculature contributes to sepsis-induced impairment of HPV.
Our studies show that activation of TLR2 profoundly impairs HPV and induces pulmonary inflammation and systemic manifestations that are consistent with those observed during clinical sepsis. Although the degree of HPV impairment was similar, there were marked differences in effects of Pam3Cys vs. LPS, suggesting that divergent pathways may mediate some of the inflammatory effects due to TLR2 or TLR4 activation. Our laboratory studies provide insights into the role of TLRs in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced pulmonary dysfunction. Because TLR2 agonists are ubiquitously expressed in the various classes of microorganisms that cause clinical sepsis, we believe these studies are important and shed light on the role of TLR2 and TLR2-mediated pathways in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced acute lung injury and arterial hypoxemia.
This study was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants HL-74352 (K. D. Bloch), HL-71987 (F. Ichinose), HL-42397 (W. M. Zapol), and AI-058106 (J. Hellman).
We thank Dr. Rosemary Jones for valuable assistance with histological analyses, Diane Capen for technical assistance, Yuko Beppu for preparing histological sections, and Dr. Hui Zheng for statistical consultation.
↵* W. M. Zapol and J. Hellman contributed equally to this work.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
- Copyright © 2008 the American Physiological Society


text:
Amazing! I would try it one a simple white shirt, though, might be more catchy.
Voted. love the design. not so much the colour of the shirt though.
Thanks for the nice comments everyone. Thanks for looking!
Very cool! I love the choice in shirt color as well. +1
(Check out my design :) )
nice dreams, voted +1
voted.. punch me too
Mind blowin!!!..set sail the dreamboat
leighton! i like
nice illustration! +1
Great job, L.! Very cool. : )
treebearder Artist
v. nice


text:
The Cherry Orchard
em Olivier Theatre, National
Preço desde € 51.70
Set at the very start of the twentieth century, Chekov's The Cherry Orchard, captures a poignant moment in Russia's history as the country rolls inexorably towards 1917.
Reservar bilhetes
Informação sobre o local
Informação sobre o espectáculo
Various dates and times
Wednesday and Saturday 2.30pm
Reserva de
Reserva até
(10mins) Follow signs for exits to the South Bank. This should lead you to an underground pedestrian passage called 'Sutton Walk' that emerges at the South Bank. Turn right and walk along the river Thames until you see the National Theat</p


text: I have looked around the internet and I couldn't find any info about the actual fat content of pork cushion meat. Everything I read said it is leaner than Pork butt. Just curious as I can get it for a good price and I want to mess around with some sausage! Thanks! -Chris


text:
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I adore most black teas, but I think this one is my favorite. Just add a little bit of sugar and you're good to go. :) I adore the boldness of flavor.
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I came across this tea at first in a assorted pack from Twinings, and fell in love. It's best black—with just a hint of sugar. It has a slight lemon afterglow to it.


text: The Magic Keyboard has a new sleek design, a rechargeable battery and more functional keys. It combines comfort of use with perfect precision type. Its scissor mechanism has been improved for greater stability of the keys. And its new low profile allows you to switch from one to the other more fluidly.


text:
Bedford police are asking for help finding a hit-and-run driver after a deadly crash early Sunday morning.
A surveillance camera near the corner of Brown Trail and the 183 frontage road captured 29-year-old Tonya Page of Watagua walking toward the highway at 2:08 a.m.
The mother of two then disappears around the corner and, within minutes, according to investigators, is run over by a vehicle going westbound on 183.
Anyone with information in the case should contact Bedford police.
Published at 10:30 PM CDT on Aug 30, 2010 | Updated at 12:02 AM CDT on Aug 31, 2010


text:
Professional Digital Services, Inc. (PDS)
wants you to have a successful web site experience. PDS,
provides a full range of web site design, development, and
maintenance services tailored to meet your internet needs.
These services include (click on each service for further
Planning and Consultation (between client and PDS staff)
We offer a free consultation on your
web site needs. In a collaborative effort, your needs
and goals will be spelled out so that we mutually understand
exactly the goals and scope of your site development project.
During this collaborative effort, the PDS staff and
associates will offer suggestions on functionalities, graphics,
and text for inclusion in the site.
Once agreed upon, PDS draws a formal contract
for signature by the two parties. The contract spells
out the time deadlines, responsibilities of both parties,
scope of the project (including a list of functionalities),
and costs.
and Page Layout
Upon signing of the contract, PDS will design
the basic structure of the web site. PDS provides a diagram
and outline list of the pages to be included in the web site.
Each page listed on the outline will be accompanied by a layout
diagram of how each page will appear (including areas shown
on the layout for each content item on the web pages).
These layout diagrams are skeleton versions of each web page
to be included in the web site. PDS will submit this
information to you for approval. With approval, the
actual web site development effort begins.
The look of your web site says a lot about
you and your organization. Some very eye-pleasing graphics
are available for free. If you want a unique look to
your web site, specifically geared to the theme of your business
or organization, you may want to consider some custom graphics.
We will discuss your graphics presentation in the planning
PDS has access to some of the finest graphics
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PDS and the client agrees on the level of graphics to be included
in the web site. We can include graphics such as the
Perhaps the most neglected aspect of web
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You want the information on your web site to convey a professional
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text:
ORLANDO, Fla. – While GM and the rain forests are waiting his magical touch, LeBron James couldn't save the Cleveland Cavaliers – his pet project – last night at Amway Arena.
King James got all the shots he wanted, but this time most of them weren't as blessed as the Orlando Magic beat the Cavs 99-89 in Game 3 to take a 2-1 lead in the Eastern Conference finals.
Beaten by King James on a miraculous three-point shot on Friday night, the Magic gave up 41 points to him this time in a bruising defensive wrestling match.
James missed 17-of-28 shots and the Cavs shot just 37.2 percent, including 5-of-26 (19.2 percent) from the three-point line.
The Magic shot just 42.9 percent, but showed no effects from being beaten by LeBron's buzzer-beater, finally starting fast and holding off King James and the Cavs.
Game 4 is tomorrow.
It was a game with little flow, referees busy throughout the night calling fouls and separating players as the series turned physical.
James shot 24 free throws, making 18. Dwight Howard (24 points and nine rebounds) made 14-of-19 at the line – including big ones down the stretch – before fouling out. Hedo Turkoglu hit 11-of-12.
Turkoglu was just 1-of-11, but hit a key shot late. Point guard Rafer Alston got the Magic going early and finished with 18 points on 6-of-13 shooting. Mickael Pietrus added 16 points, including 7-of-7 at the line.
"It was a very difficult game . . . tough to get real good looks. A very physical game. Both teams standing at the free-throw line," Magic coach Stan Van Gundy said. "Our defense was better. They also missed some good looks."
Forward Rashard Lewis (15 points) put the Magic ahead by nine at 75-66 on a three-point jumper with under nine minutes to play. But with the teams winning games in Cleveland on last-second shots, few thought that the Magic would be able to run away and hide.
Orlando built a 56-48 lead early in the third on back-to-back buckets by rookie Courtney Lee. Lee nailed a three-pointer and then drove in for a dunk off a steal.
Then things heated up.
Cavs center Zydrunas Ilgauskas grabbed Howard by the neck to stop him from dunking. Howard, rather incensed, swung an elbow clearing the ball and clipped Cavs point guard Mo Williams, sending Williams and LeBron into a rage.


text:
New Apps for Beer and Nigella
Major new app alert! In addition to the release of How to Cook Everything On the Go, two other cookbook-related apps are out this month. Mobifusion has released The Beer Bible, adapted for mobile from The Beer Book by Sam Calagione and Tim Hampson. The app has photos and descriptions of more than 1,700 beers, a "share a beer" option where friends can e-mail pictures and tasting notes to each other, and other features. Elsewhere in the world of food apps, a Nigella Quick Collection App is now available. A combination of exclusive recipes and video and audio features, the app lets users add notes by text or voice; browse and search according to mood or what's in the fridge; organize their shopping lists and more.
Dining Chez Algonquin
The Algonquin Hotel in New York City has debuted a new menu featuring recipes from Spécialités de la Maison, first published in1940 and recently reissued by Collins Design, with a new foreword by Graydon Carter. Items on the menu include Katharine Hepburn's Chicken Burgundy Style, Tallulah Bankhead's Southern Fried Chicken, and Charlie Chaplin's Sour Cream Hot Cakes. The lunch menu is $22 and the dinner menu is $29 per person, and parties of five or more will receive a free copy of the book (while supplies last).
Talking Food TV
The paperback edition of Kathleen Collins's Watching What We Eat: The Evolution of Television Cooking Shows (Continuum) pubsThursday. On June 1, Collins will participate in an event at the 92nd Street Y in New York, "Food on the Tube: How TV Shapes the Way We Think About Food." Collins will appear alongside Padma Lakshmi, Charlie Trotter, and Amanda Hesser.
This story originally appeared in Cooking the Books, PW's e-newsletter for cookbooks.


text:
Award date:
Mar 24, 2016
Award amount:
Organization name:
North Carolina State University
Principal Investigator:
DiMeo, Andrew J.
Grant program category:
Event Support
Grant program name:
Biotechnology Event Sponsorship
Research Triangle
The 10th Annual Biomedical Engineering Symposium will consist of poster and oral presentations covering medical devices designed by Biomedical Engineering senior design students and the i4 competition, an entrepreneurship innovation competition for undergraduates. The symposium will provide the opportunity for networking during the poster sessions and the concluding reception.
Fiscal year:


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I did a search and did not find anything on this topic. On Brickshelf, I have noticed some amazing custom minifigs of ancient Chinese warriors and wondered where the pieces came from. I came across this site called BrickTW that now makes the molded parts. Check this out: http://shop.bricktw.com/.
I am really excited to see another vendor to join the likes of Little Armory Toys, BrickArms and BrickForge. If anyone has experience with their products, please post.


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April 18, 2013
On Monday night, I found a glowworm while I was up in Griffith Park! That's right people, glowworms really do exist, and they're right here in our city. No it wasn't a discarded 80s toy, like these (though I might have been equally excited if it was):
Photo taken by Astronit It was like this:
Check out those sexy pectinate antennae! This beauty of a specimen is a male Western Banded Glowworm, Zarhipis integripennis. I know it's a male because it doesn't glow and it isn't wormy. That's right, only the grubs and adult females (which resemble the grubs) can glow. I find it intensely odd and fascinating that these insects have evolved, such that the adult females look and behave similarly to the immature forms. Imagine what our lives would be like if humans did that! Okay, maybe not. Want more information about this awesome family of beetles? Check out the University of Florida's page about them.
October 31, 2017
October 10, 2017
October 4, 2017


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Reynoldsburg classes canceled Thursday evening due to power outage More
Cougars top golf tournament
Cougars take 1st in Mt. Vernon, led by top-scorer Alstadt.
The Columbus State Golf team is putting together an impressive record this fall.
The Cougars finished first in the two-day Kenyon College Fall Invitational in Mount Vernon on Sept. 29-30. Among individual players on the team, Ash Alstadt ended atop the leader board with a 141, three under par. And Jacob Stasiulewicz tied for fourth with a 151.
Alstadt again came in No. 1 at the Indiana University-East Waterfront Classic in Indiana Oct. 4, with Stasiulewicz ranked No. 4. The Cougars came in second overall in that contest.
The Golf Team plays a split season, with one section in the fall and one in the spring.
They have their eyes on the NJCAA DII National Golf Championship that will be held
at the Goose Pond Colony Golf Course in Scottsboro, Ala., in May 2013.
Columbus State Golf team player:
Columbus State Golf team player:


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The first half of the season is over and four teams are fighting for the Peninsula district's top seed. This is in contrast to the last three years, where one team dominated the regular season. The...
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Twilight was heavily represented in the initial spread back in March. Here's what made the final cut thanks to fan votes(some are popping up on different entertainment sites before the noon MTV total reveal)! Voting starts at noon today.
We will update this list as more nominations are revealed.
BEST KISS:(revealed at Teen Vogue)
Ellen Page and Joseph Gordon-Levitt – Inception
Emma Watson and Daniel Radcliffe – Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1
Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson – The Twilight Saga: Eclipse
Kristen Stewart and Taylor Lautner – The Twilight Saga: Eclipse
Natalie Portman and Mila Kunis – Black Swan
Biggest problem here is the Twilight is up against itself splitting the Team Jacob and Team Edward vote. On the other hand it's hard to describe the Harry Potter lip lock as truly passionate. With the Black Swan, most people didn't leave that show saying "hot kiss" so much as they did "that movie was messed up". Inception, may have something there, but really the Twilight smooches in our opinion own the "hottness" AKA "I want to be Kristen Stewart in that scene" factor.
Best Fight(revealed at Just Jared…they also revealed Biggest Badass star but no Twilight nominations in that category)
Amy Adams vs The Sisters—The Fighter
Chloe Moretz vs. Mark Strong—Kickass
Daniel Radcliffe, Emma Watson and Rupert Grint vs. the Death Eaters—Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1
Joseph Gordon-Levitt vs Hallway Attacker—Inception
Robert Pattinson vs. Bryce Dallas Howard and Xavier Samuel—The Twilight Saga: Eclipse
There are a lot of really cool epic battles happening in this category. If it were just down to creativity, Inception would win hands down. On the other hand, Harry Potter and Eclipse have something going for them that the other films don't, and that's what we are going to call the sticking it to the villain factor. Specifically, a villain that fans have been wanting to see defeated over the course of several films. This is going to be a tight one of the votes, but we are leaning Twilight simply because no matter how epic the Death Eater Duel was, because the villains lived. There's a certain finality to lopping Xavier Samuel's head off that Harry Potter, doesn't have. However, like we said this is going to be a critical vote and vote often category. It's going to be a tough race with the Harry Potter crowd!
Best Female Performance (revealed at EW)
Emma Stone (Easy A)
Emma Watson (Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows — Part 1)
Jennifer Aniston (Just Go With It)
Kristen Stewart (The Twilight Saga: Eclipse)
Natalie Portman (Black Swan)
We're going to call this a three-way race with every vote counting: Emma Watson, Kristen Stewart, Natalie Portman.
Best Male Performance (revealed at EW)
Daniel Radcliffe (Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows — Part 1)
Jesse Eisenberg (The Social Network)
Robert Pattinson (The Twilight Saga: Eclipse)
Taylor Lautner (The Twilight Saga: Eclipse)
Zac Efron (Charlie St. Cloud)
Once again we have a Twilight split vote and a Harry Potter nominee. However, we're pretty sure Robert Pattinson is going to lock this one up once voting concludes. it's not like any of the other stars have fans camped out in pouring rain storms to see their other movies.
Best Line from a Movie (revealed at EW)
Biggest stunner here was that "Doesn't he own a shirt?' didn't make the final cut!
Best Breakout Performance
Andrew Garfield—The Social Network
Chloë Grace Moretz—Kick-Ass
Hailee Steinfeld—True Grit
Jay Chou—The Green Hornet
Olivia Wilde—TRON: Legacy
Xavier Samuel—The Twilight Saga: Eclipse
This a a three way race in our opinion among Xavier Samuel, Hailee Steinfeld who is Hollywood's latest It Girl with big-time acting chops, and Andrew Garfield who has "the adorable nerd that everyone wants to cuddle" thing going for him. Vote and vote often, this is far from a shoe-in!
Best Movie
Black Swan
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1
The Social Network
The Twilight Saga: Eclipse
Again the biggest challenge here is to hold off the rising swarm that is Harry Potter. it's not impossible, Twilight has beaten Potter before, but it's going to be tough!


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AudioTagFixer Free
by: DroidParadise • 357
All Android applications categories
by: DroidParadise • 357
AudioTagFixer can help you:
1. Edit the tags of your audio files, include Title, Artist, Album, Genre and Track.(Modify Album Art is not yet supported.)
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3. Support mp3, mp4, ogg, wma and flac formats.(Please note that although this app can modify tags in wma file, but in fact the Android system does not read them, so you may not be able to see the changes in your music player.)
* This app can help you correct garbled, but NOT translate into different languages or conversion of Traditional Chinese and Simplified Chinese.
* After you saved the audio file, the list will re-sort according to the new tags. Therefore, the order of the audio file in the list may be changed.
* If you need more encoding support, please e-mail to me, thank you.
Note: Ad-Supported.
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Hammon to "Reach for the Stars"
Bloomingdale's Chairman and CEO Michael Gould will unveil the Lexington & 60th Street window to the children of PS 59, followed by a 'thank you' breakfast for them afterwards. The theme of this year's window is "Reach for the Stars!" Bloomingdale's executives have been mentoring at PS 59 for the past eight years through Mentoring USA's program at the school. Mentees from the school were asked to draw the qualities their mentors help them strive for in life, such as perseverence and good sportsmanship. Tomorrow they will see their work on display for all of New York.
Hammon will be joined by Kissy Simmons, Nala in the Broadway version of "The Lion King," in celebrating mentoring with Bloomingdale's and Mentoring USA. The two stars will talk to the mentees about the role mentors have played in their lives and in helping them become successful.
Mentoring USA is New York City's largest site-based, one-to-one mentoring program. For further information, log onto www.mentoringusa.org.


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Skip to Content
The University of Colorado Law School congratulates Justice Michael Bender on his appointment to the position of Chief Justice of the Colorado Supreme Court. Justice Bender will be replacing the recently retired Mary Mullarkey, effective December 1st, 2010. Justice Bender graduated from the University of Colorado Law School in 1967 and has served on the State Supreme Court since 1997, when he was appointed by Governor Roy Romer. "We are delighted to have one of our alumni, and a stalwart adjunct professor, appointed to the post of Chief Justice," said Dean David Getches. "Justice Mike Bender has been a loyal alumnus and a model of professionalism. We look forward to working with him in his new capacity."


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We are Ottawa's dance school with tonnes of heart!
Proudly offering
Swing, Burlesque, Tap, Belly Dance
ZUMBA, Wedding dance lessons, Bachelorettes & private lessons
to ALL levels since 1999.
"Alana Hock is the most talented and vivacious dance teacher I have ever had the privilege to work with. She will have you laughing and dancing and simply loving life!! Do not miss an opportunity to take a class with Alana!!"
~ Deb Scully


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Sometimes, the Padres like to play games off the field.
Padres first baseman Yonder Alonso and shortstop Andy Parrino had some fun in New York last week when they played a prank on their teammate Cameron Maybin.
Alonso and Parrino took the center fielder, who's a noted burger enthusiast, out to lunch at a popular burger joint in Manhattan.
Maybin is told that he's about to eat one of New York's best burgers, but halfway through his meal he notices other diners who ate the same thing as him are getting sick. The diners, who were actually actors, bolted out of their seats and rushed to the bathroom.
A waitress then goes over to Maybin and tells him that there might be a problem with his meal. Maybin immediately stops chewing and spits his half-eaten burger into a napkin.
After a few minutes, the center fielder's concerns are lifted when the restaurant manager comes out to reveal the prankster's joke: Nothing was wrong with the burger, they were just messing with Maybin.
Alonso and Parrino can barely contain their laughter as Maybin learns he won't be fated with a serious case of food poisoning.
MLB Fan Cave captured the entire event on hidden cameras – watch the video below to see Maybin's reaction.
Follow NBCSanDiego for the latest news, weather, and events:iPad App | iPhone App | Android App | Facebook| Twitter | Google+ | Instagram | RSS | Text Alerts | Email Alerts


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QuickBooks contacted your financial institution through the Internet, but the financial institution did not accept some or all of your logon information. This can happen if:
There was a typo in your Customer ID or password or PIN.
Wrong information was used to log on to the account. For example, you usually need a different Customer ID and password or PIN to log on through QuickBooks than through the financial institution's Web site.
The financial institution has not enabled online banking for the account yet.
To resolve this problem:
Try logging on again.
Check the logon information for the account. It should exactly match what the financial institution sent you for QuickBooks online banking.
Contact your financial institution and ask if online banking is active for your account.
If you are still having problems, check the QuickBooks Support site on the Web or try the QuickBooks Community sites, where many special case situations are discussed by other QuickBooks users.
See Also
Troubleshooting online banking errors


text: Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya CBSE Affiliation Number: (Ministry of HRD, Government of India) English Version » Hindi Version » Landline No.: 05724-295551 Email Address: firstname.lastname@example.com Home About us About Vidyalaya Circulars/Notification Infrastructure Objective Staff Staff Training Students Academic Activities Achievements Admission Alumni Co-Curricular Computer Literacy JNVST Lateral Entry Migration Policy Pace Setter Student Corner Student Directory Administration Account and Audit Committies/Meeting Construction Activities Panel Cluster Activities Tender RTI Citizen Charter RTI District About Aligarh Place Of Interest Contact us Panel Cluster ActivitiesData Not Found....! Last Updated On- 06-11-2017 Copyright © 2016. All Right Reserved Powred By: Macro Info Solutions


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NORTH COUNTY -- It's hot. It's the weekend. Where's the party? That scenario will be played out repeatedly this summer in North County as teenagers hit the beaches, the patios, their homes, friends' homes, any place where there might be plenty of alcohol, preferably free.
However, this year many area officers say they plan to use "social host" laws passed locally in 2003 to hold hosts and property owners responsible for underage drinking.
"The holiday weekends are always big" for underage drinking parties, said Lt. Don Fowler of the Encinitas Sheriff's Station. "Our staff has trained on it (the ordinance), and they know what to look for."
Social host laws hold anyone who hosts a party, gathering or event accountable for guests under age 21 who are drinking.
The aim is to eliminate underage party drinking that can lead to fatal or injury traffic crashes, pregnancy, sexual assaults, fights, alcohol poisoning, homicide and suicide, authorities said.
"Minors can be cited for this also," said Patty Drieslein, prevention specialist for the North Inland Community Prevention Project. "It's not just about parents."
Anyone who allows minors to drink at private or public places can be cited or arrested, fined up to $1,000, sentenced to up to six months in jail and billed for all the law enforcement services.
The law does not apply to parents or legal guardians supervising their own children, usually during private meals or at religious ceremonies.
"The whole idea is to have the (social host ordinance) tool in the (law enforcement) arsenal," said John Byrom, of the Tri-City Prevention Collaborative in North County. "If you don't have it, you can't use it."
San Marcos, Carlsbad and Chula Vista are the only places in the county that haven't passed social host ordinances, authorities said.
Sheriff's Sgt. Dan Wilson said the most effective tool San Marcos deputies have had in dealing with problem parties is notifying hosts that the city will seek reimbursement for all law enforcement expenses.
"I think it's a great deal," he said about social host ordinances.
Although social host laws are on the books elsewhere in North County, few arrests have been made and they have not always been successful.
Officials said officers had to be trained, and in some cases the ordinance language had to be amended. Poway revised its law last month to include hosts under age 21.
"We've actually gone out and advised people that they were in violation of the ordinance, but no one in Escondido has been cited," said detective Lt. David Mankin, Escondido police spokesman.
San Diego police, working with universities as a joint task force, have cited about 50 people under that city's ordinance. The cases are enforceable, said Joan Dawson, head deputy city attorney of the Neighborhood Prosecution Unit in the San Diego City Attorney's office.
"We've had more than 15 misdemeanor convictions," and there are more pending, Dawson said.
One North County case considered for prosecution under the social host ordinance was pursued under a stronger charge instead, because a 14-year-old girl was allegedly raped.
Authorities said the girl was among other teens who drank at an 18th birthday party last November at a Ramona residence. The beer party at the home of a licensed day care provider also featured hard liquor, said Deputy District Attorney Dan Link.
"I thought (the rape) happened as a result of the alcohol there," Link said.
A young man was charged with the rape. Link charged the party host, 45-year-old Wanda Peuckert, with contributing to the delinquency of a minor because of the rape allegation.
Peuckert pleaded guilty. She was sentenced to three years' probation, a 90-day jail term that was suspended with credit for one day served, and 10 days' public service.
"Parents try to justify the parties as trying to create a safe (drinking) environment, when in fact it leads to more problems," Link said. "Bad things happen."
Contact staff writer Jo Moreland at (760) 740-3524 or email@example.com.


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My husband and I were recently guests at a buffet dinner. There was a Manhattan-style crab chowder that both of us very much enjoyed. In fact, I asked the host's mother, who had brought the soup, if she would share the recipe. "Oh, yes! It's really easy! Mix together 4 cans of Campbell's Select Vegetable Soup, a large can of chopped tomatoes, a pound of crabmeat, and a tablespoon each of Worcestershire Sauce and Old Bay Seasoning. That's all there is to it."
On the way home, my husband said he'd never serve something like that to guests - that it wasn't cooking, it was just opening a bunch of cans. I'm not sure I agree, but wonder what you think: is this cooking or not?


text: March 18 (Reuters) - Britain's FTSE 100 index is seen opening lower by one point, or 0.01 percent, on Friday, according to financial bookmakers. For more on the factors affecting European stocks, please click on * The UK blue chip index closed 25.63 points higher at 6,201.12 on Thursday as miners were boosted by a weaker dollar after the U.S. Federal Reserve's dovish decision to hold interest rates steady. * DEUTSCHE BOERSE/LSE DEAL: European stock exchange operator Euronext NV is considering acquisitions to help it stay competitive after Deutsche Boerse AG and London Stock Exchange Group Plc agreed to merge in a $30 billion deal, according to people familiar with the matter. * GLAXOSMITHKLINE: GSK said on Thursday Chief Executive Andrew Witty would retire in 12 months after leading the British drugmaker through a series of changes since 2008 that have failed to ignite the company's share price. * BT GROUP: BT Group is set to appoint Simon Lowth, former chief financial officer at gas producer BG Group, as its new finance chief, Sky News reported on Thursday. * PHOENIX GROUP: Britain's largest consolidator of closed life funds is preparing to bid for Deutsche Bank AG's British insurance unit, Sky News reported. * SAINSBURY: Investors expect Sainsbury's to offer as much as 1.5 billion pounds for Argos ahead of a Friday deadline, as the supermarket considers trumping a rival South African bid for the catalogue shop, the Guardian reported. (bit.ly/1Z6sfKy) * BANK OF ENGLAND: Bank of England policymakers said the sterling had been dealt a big hit by uncertainty in the run-up to the referendum on EU membership and that growth could slow, after voting unanimously to keep rates steady. * BUSINESS CONFIDENCE: Confidence among Britain's small businesses has plummeted, a survey showed on Friday, with Northern Irish and Scottish businesses the least confident in the face of a global economic slowdown and public-sector austerity. * UK CORPORATE DIARY: Berkeley Group Holdings Sales/Trading Stmt Releases Investec Sales/Trading Stmt Releases Sainsbury's and "Put up or shut up" deadline for Home Steinhoff Retail deal TODAY'S UK PAPERS > Financial Times > Other business headlines Multimedia versions of Reuters Top News are now available for: * 3000 Xtra : visit topnews.session.rservices.com * BridgeStation: view story .134 For more information on Top News visit topnews.reuters.com (Reporting by Aastha Agnihotri in Bengaluru; Editing by Savio D'Souza)


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Four arrested after bank robbery, chase
At 12:04 p.m., five men wearing Halloween masks and black, hooded sweatshirts brandished guns as they entered the bank at 365 Century Lane. They escaped in a black Lexus.
By 1 p.m., four robbery suspects, including a woman who apparently drove a getaway car, were in custody.
No one was reported injured.
Rock County Sheriff Bob Spoden was not sure Friday night if the robbers got away with any money.
Spoden was in the field coordinating the manhunt and so did not have all the details of the day�s many, fast-moving events.
The female getaway driver either drove the Lexus or met the men on Schaffner Road, where the robbers split up.
Two of the robbers fled with the female getaway driver in a second car, a brown Ford Crown Victoria, Spoden said.
Starting at Highway 213 and County H, those suspects led Rock County deputies on a 100-mph, five- or 10-minute chase into Illinois, where they were apprehended without incident in Winnebago County, Ill., at 12:37 p.m.
Spoden says it�s possible the suspects could have found a ride out of the search perimeter in southwest Rock County. Although it�s possible the two suspects have left the area, Spoden is warning residents to stay alert. The search continued Friday night as extra second-shift and extra third-shift sheriff�s deputies helped try to locate the two robbery suspects.
Because Spoden did not have complete information, some of the details in this story came from radio traffic heard on a police scanner and various Web postings from other news organizations.
Winnebago County officers took the lead in the chase and arrested the three suspects�and a woman who apparently came to meet them�on Meridian Road between Highway 70 and Auburn Street, northwest of Rockford.
The other three suspects fled on foot, running through yards and hiding in fields near Newark Elementary School. At one point, they got lost in a cornfield and tried to contact their cohorts in the Crown Victoria by cell phone.
The school was locked about 12:30 p.m., and the formal lockdown ended about 2:15 p.m. But students were not allowed to leave the school until after 4 p.m. because the school was in the middle of the �hot zone,� an area about six miles in diameter that up to 75 officers were searching.
One suspect was captured just before 1 p.m. in a field on Merlet Road. He might have been hiding for a while in a car parked in a driveway across from the field.
The hunt for the other two robbers involved four K-9 units, all-terrain vehicles, a police helicopter from Illinois with thermal-imaging capability and a Wisconsin State Patrol airplane.
Scouring the area were some 75 officers from the Rock County Sheriff�s Department, Wisconsin State Patrol, Illinois State Police and departments in Janesville, Beloit, Turtle Township, Green County and Winnebago County, Ill.
Seven Janesville officers, including the department�s K-9 team, were helping look for the two remaining suspects into Friday night.
The FBI is helping investigate the actual robbery.
The FBI is processing one suspect vehicle in Winnebago County and the Sheriff's Department is processing another vehicle in Rock County. Law enforcement officials are also going through the Footville bank itself to find clues about the suspects.
Besides looking for the robbers, officers escorted wary residents to their homes and searched homes and outbuildings, not only for the suspects but also to put residents at ease, Spoden said.
Students at Newark Elementary and those at Parkview High School and Orfordville Elementary who lived in the hot zone either were picked up by their parents or rode buses home under the protection of deputies.
Deputies escorted kids up their rural driveways to their homes, Spoden said.
He said a press release would be forthcoming today, reporting the suspects� names and other details of the robbery, chase and manhunt.
Click on the map to view dispatch reports on the incident.
Last updated: 11:13 pm Thursday, December 13, 2012