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260 April 12, 1983 SEVEN .REASONS FOR SAVING THE TAX CUT INTRODUCTION The corner has been turned. Nearly every economic indicator is signaling a strong recovery. Housing starts are running at 1.7 million a year, up from 900,000 units a year in June 1982 GNP is growing at 4 percent a year. The Stock Market has surged 40 percent since July 19
82. New unemployment claims are down 500,000 and the unemployment rate fell from 10.8 percent in Dece mber to 10.3 percent in March. Economic indicators have surged to a one-month record h1gh.l But the recent spate of good economic signs does not appear to have trickled down to Congress. The House Budget Committee's first budget resolution for FY 1984 att a cked the President's economic program as "the experiment that failed If The Committee's call for 30 billion in tax increases in 1984 is widely seen as taking aim at the July 1 income tax cut, the final 10 percent installment of the Economic Recovery Tax A c t of 1981 The repeal of the third tax cut would raise more than $28 billion in 1984, according to the Office of Management and Budget just about sufficient to meet the House Committee's revenue recommendations. The specter of twelve digit budget deficits i n the next years has convinced many Congressmen that the government cannot afford any revenue reductions. They claim that the third year is just another sop to the rich and must be repealed to prevent interest rates from rising again to levels that would c hoke off economic recovery 1 "First Concurrent Resolution on the Budget-Fiscal Year 1984 Report of the Committee on the Budget, House of Representatives, H. Con. Res. 91 March 21, 1983, pp. 27 and 282. 2 Those calling for repeal of the third year tax cut, however are asking the Congress to make a grave mistake. There are least seven reasons for saving the tax cut 1) to create jobs 2) to boost small business 3) to encourage savings 4) to foster productive investment 5) to shift the tax burden to the rich 6) to help the average American; and 7) to counter bracket creep.
Repealing the third year tax cut would hit hardest middle and lower-income Americans, and it would stifle the recovery now taking place. The tax cut is one of the most potent economic medicines Congress could administer to a recovering economy. The tax cu t will create jobs, encourage capital formation to finance business expansion and the government deficit and put money into the pocketbooks of working Americans for more saving and consumer spending. Repeal of the third year tax cut, on the other.hand woul d throw a wrench into the gears of economic recovery.
The repeal of the third year tax cut would severely'hurt small business--the most powerful generator of new jobs and new technology. Most smaller American businesses are either sole proprietorships or p artnerships taxed through individual tax returns, rather than through the corporate income tax system.
A July tax increase on this dynamic sector of the economy could cause the bottom to fall out of the economic recovery.
The repeal of the third year tax cut would also drive many taxpayers back into tax shelters, just when the tax cuts have begun to lure many taxpayers away from these nonproductive activi ties and into the financial markets. One indication of this shift: estimated income tax payments gen e rally made by upper income individuals, reports Forbes magazine, are 10 percent higher in 1982 than the year before. The Treasury had predicted that the cut in the top bracket rate from 70 percent to 50 percent would actually reduce tax collections by $5 billion.
The repeal of the tax cut, however, would hit hardest of all the middle- and lower-income American. Households making between taxes. These Americans will get about 72 percent of the benefits from the 1983 tax cut. The scheduled 10 percent rate red uction will provide about $175 billion in tax relief between 1983 and 19
86. About $125 billion will go to those families making below 50,000 a year. Those earning above $100,000 will get only 9 percent of the tax relief although they pay 15.7 percent of all income taxes 10,000 and $50,000 a year pay about two-thirds of all income The third.year rate cut, in fact, provides average- and middle-income Americans with the first real income tax relief.
The 1981 and 1982 income tax cuts, Treasury statistics ind icate, 3 were completely wiped out by bracket creep and Social Security tax increases. If the third year tax cut is eliminated, only the rich will come out ahead. The wealthy received the bulk of their tax cut in 1981, when the top marginal tax rate was r e duced from 70 percent to 50 percent. If the July cut is eliminated, those making between 10,000 and $50,000 a year will lose over 30 percent of the tax relief from the cumulative three-year tax reduction. They will face tax increases in the first year of repeal of between 31 and $8
28. Those making over $200,000, on the other hand, would lose only 13 percent of the three-year tax cut benefits.
The third year of the tax cut should not be put on the chopping block--not even in an attempt to reduce budget de ficits In fact, there is no clear evidence that government deficits have raised interest rates or delayed economic recovery. Between March 1981, the Administration's first budget forecast, and January 1983, the Administration's latest full budget report e stimates of the total budget deficits for 1982-1986 increased by nearly 2,500 percent. Interest rates on government T-bills however, dropped by 50 percent between March 1981 and January 19
83. Those who now claim that budget deficits will sabotage recovery by running up interest rates must explain why interest rates fell so dramatically in 1981 and 1982 After Reagan's three-year tax reductions, the tax share of GNP will finally come closer to the level that it was during the last period of sustained, healt h y growth. The tax share was about 18 percent of GNP in the mid-l960s, and the economy then grew by a robust 5 percent and created approximately one million jobs a year. On the day Reagan took office, the tax share was approximately 20 percent. And even wi t h the full three-year Reagan tax cut and indexing, tax revenues will still constitute about 19 percent of GNP in 1988 Those who claim that the third year cut creates a tax !'short fall conveniently overlook that fact. Tax revenues, even if the full progra m of tax cuts becomes effective will increase by about 8.5 percent a year between 1981 and 19
86. In 1986, federal revenues are expected to be 841.9 billion--up nearly 50 percent from the 1981 tax take of $559.3 billion. Tax revenues are forecast to increa se on average by 57 billion a year between 1981 and 1986 The deficit problem, therefore, does not stem from too little revenue It stems from too much spending and a lackluster economy. The tax cut medicine will help cure these underlying problems. And it i s clear that the prescription is beginnning to work. Congress should not hold back the.last dose of medicine just as the patient shows signs of recovery. There are at least seven reasons why this medicine is needed. 4 Reason No. 1: Creates Jobs The only m e ans of creating new jobs is through economic growth A 5 percent real growth rate, according to one rule of thumb, generates enough jobs in one year for all the new entrants into the workforce and creates one million additional jobs for the unemployed. The July tax cut lays the foundation for an economic upswing that promises to put the unemployed back to work.
Repeal of the July tax cut at this stage of the recovery however, would hurt productivity, savings and investment. The February report of the Congre ssional Budget Office (CBO an organization generally unsympathetic to supply-side economics warned of the dire consequences of raising taxes in a recession Increasing taxes during this recession,Il the CBO cautioned could well make it worse and delay econ o mic recovery Tax increases should be cautiously considered even when the economic recovery is underway, recommended the CBO, since Ifsuch increases could, if not carefully designed, inhibit long-term investment and economic growth Even Keynesian Nobel eco n omist James Tobin recently noted in the New York Times, IIPresident Reagan, to his credit, remembers what even most Democrats forget, the perversity of raising taxes in hard times In short, the economic recovery hinges to a large extent on the July cut. T h e unemployed steel worker in Pennsylvania, the laid-off auto worker in Detroit, and the jobless textile worker in North Carolina desparately need the economic recovery as a lifeline to a new job. The repeal of the July tax cut threatens to cut that lifeli ne for them and millions of other unemployed workers and first-time job seekers.
Reason No 2: Boosts Small Business Repeal of third year of the tax cut would mean a sizable tax increase on the small business sector that is usually the locomo tive of econom ic recovery. About three-fourths of all businesses in the country are not corporations and they do not pay corporate income tax.2 They report their business income through individual tax returns A repeal of the third year personal tax cut would raise thei r taxes, slow the return to full output, and reduce investment in new plants and equipment.
Small businesses, recent evidence shows, are on the cutting edge of job creation and technology development. David Birch and Susan McCracken of th e MIT Center on Neighborhood and Regional Change estimate that two-thirds of all net new jobs are generated by businesses with fewer than 20 employees, and about 80 percent Bruce Bartlett The Future of Small Business in America Cat0 Institute Policy Repor t , February 1983. 5 by firms with 100 or fewer employees.3 These small businesses also generate 48 percent of the nation's business output, 43 percent of the GNP, and more than 50 percent of all industrial inventions and innovations. Small business is alre ady being taxed at a higher rate than most large corporations; a tax increase on this crucial sector could stop the economic recovery in its tracks.
Reason No. 3: Encourages Savings in new saving, which was up 30 percent in the third quarter of 1982 to 6.9 percent of personal disposable income. The increased pool of saving is a direct result of both the personal tax cuts and the reduction in inflation and is one of the most important conditions for a sustained recovery. Seventy percent of all new enterpris e s, according to a National Federation of Independent Business survey, obtain.their seed capital from personal savings.4 A major problem for new enterprises and small businesses recently has been the scarcity of such funds An enhanced environment for capit al formation is therefore the key to increasing the number of new business starts, and the pace of economic growth A repeal of the third year cut would deaden this important stimulus to capital formation.
Reason No 4: Fosters Productive Investment Repeal o f the third year tax cut could induce some taxpayers to withdraw their money from taxable investments and shift it once again into tax-exempt bonds, tax shelters or nontaxable consumption expenditures--leaving those who cannot afford such options to toil under a heavier income tax load. For this reason the proposal to restrict the tax cut to low- and middle-income Americans is particularly dangerous.
One such proposal would limit the tax cuts to 700 per return, which would eliminate the third year of the t ax cut for all families with an annual income greater than 46,500 ($35,700 for single return). This cap would raise only some $18.7 billion between 1984 and 19
86. Yet it could wreak havoc with the economy because savings would be seriously reduced. Those who make an after tax income above 50,000 a year save over 64 percent of their post-tax income, while those who make $10,000 a year after tax income manage to save only 12 per~ent David Birch Who Creates Jobs The Public Interest, No. 65 (Fall 1981); see also The Venture Capital Industry--A Brief Overview (Wellesley Hills, Massachusetts: Capital Publishing Corporation, 1982), p. 64.
Jonathan A. Scott, Assistant Professor of Finance Southern Methodist University, statement before the Subcommittee on Tax, Access to Equity Capital, and Business Opportunity of the House Small Business Committee Washington, D.C., May 20, 1982.
U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin No. 1997 and 1985, 1972 6 Reason No. 5: Shifts Tax Burden to the Rich As Forbes magazine reported, there are now strong indica tions that the first two stages of the Reagan tax cuts may have generated much higher tax revenues from upper-income Americans than the Treasury had predicted. Estimated quarterly income tax payments f o r FY 1982 are far above Treasury expectations. These quarterly tax payments, generally made by those in the higher tax bracke.ts, had been expected to fall from 77 billion in EY 1981 to about $72 billion in 1982, largely because of the reduction in the to p marginal rate from 70 percent to 50 percent. But the actual tax take was 85 billion, 10 percent more than in 1981 Writes Malcolm S. Forbes, Jr If you let people keep a little more of each additional dollar they earn, everyone, including the tax collector , comes out ahead.Il6 The best way to Ilsoak the rich" it seems, is to lower their tax rates.
This will come as no surprise to economists who have studied past tax cuts. Both the Mellon tax cuts in the 1920s and the Kennedy tax cuts in the 1960s shifted th e tax burden substantially toward upper-income taxpayers, while cutting rates on that group.7 In 1921, Americans with incomes over $50,000 paid 44 percent of all the personal income taxes collected. But in 1928, following the Mellon cuts, this income grou p paid 78 percent of the income taxes.
In 1963, the top 5 percent of all taxpayers contributed 35.6 percent of all personal income tax revenue. Following the Kennedy cuts in 1965, those taxpayers contributed 38.5 percent of the income taxes. While the full IRS figures for 1982 are not yet available it appears that the Reagan tax reductions are shifting the tax burden to wealthier taxpayers, even though the tax rates on high incomes have been cut.
Reason No. 6: Helps the Averaqe American The income tax cut is the major tax relief plank for the average American in the three-year Reagan package the first rate reduction of the Reagan program that will actually cut the tax rates of middle and low income taxpayers after taking into account bracket creep and Soci a l Security. People who make between 10,000 and $50,000 a year will pay about 67 percent of the personal income taxes in 1984 and they will get about 72 percent of the tax relief from the third year tax cut. Those making above 200,000 a year, on the other hand will receive only 1.8 percent of the tax relief, although they pay 7.1 percent of all personal income taxes (see Chart I It will be Forbes magazine, February 14, 1983, p. 31 Chris Frenze The Mellon and Kennedy Tax Cuts: A Review and Analysis,"
Joint Economic Committee, June 18, 19
82. See also Thomas M. Humbert A Surcharge: The Worst Tax?" Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 180 April 23, 1982.
Adjusted gross income class 7 CHART I The Effect of the Third Year Rate Reduction Distributed by Adjusted Gross Income Class 1981 Levels, 1984 Law Share of all taxes paid under 1984 law Share of benefits from the third year rate reduction 000 Less than 10 10 15 15 20 20 30 30 50 50 100 100 200 200 and over Total percent 2.1 5.8 8.1 20.7 29.9 17.7 8.6 7.1 100. 0 percent 2.6 5.8 8.5 23.1 32.1 18.8 7.2 1.8 100.0 Source: Office of the Secretary of the Treasury Office of Tax Analysis Assumes 4.5 percent rate of inflation for prior year.
Note: Details may not add up to totals due to rounding Wealthy Americans received the bulk of their tax benefits in 1981 when the top marginal tax rate was reduced from 70 percent to 50 percent. Those making over $200,000 a year, for instance receive abou t 13 percent of the total tax relief package from the third year tax reduction. The third year cut, in other words gives them relatively little. Middle- and lower-income taxpayers however, receive about one-third of their relief from the third year tax red uction.
Those who say the tax cut is only for the rich ignore the fact that the rich get a greater tax cut in money terms only because they pay much more in taxes. The family earning $10,000 is scheduled to receive a $31 reduction in taxes in 1984, while a family earning $100,000 a year will receive a $2,368 tax cut.
That is not unreasonable given that the $100,000 income family pays $24,424 in federal personal income taxes, while the $10,000 income family pays just $3
22. The only fair way to view the ta x cut is as a percentage of a taxpayer's current tax liability see Chart 11 8 "Description of Possible Options to Increase Revenues Joint Committee on Taxation and the Committee on Finance (JCS-24-82 June 15, 1982, p 85. 8 Chart I1 Reductions in 1984 Inco m e Tax Liability Due to the Third Phase of the Across-the-board Rate Reductions Enacted in ERTA Four-person, One-earner Family dollars 1984 Tax Reduction in tax liability liability without from Income 3rd rate reduction 3rd rate reduction Amount Percentage 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 100,000 200,000 322 1,713 3,363 5,394 7,993 24,424 62,566 31 164 360 520 828 2,368 4,366 9.6 9.6 10.7 9.6 10.4 9.7 7.0 Source: Office of the Secretary of the Treasury Office of Tax Analysis Note: Tax liabilities are calc u lated assuming deductible expenses equal to 23 percent of gross income and that all income is wages Reason No. 7: Counters Bracket Creep All income groups depend on the third year tax cut to offset bracket creep. During the 1970s, taxpayers whose income s imply kept pace with inflation found themselves shoved into ever higher tax brackets. The result: their after-tax purchasing power actually decreased, because the government took a greater and greater tax bite from their incomes.
Even the three-year Reagan tax cut package will not offset the tremendous bracket creep of the 1970s. Yet it will provide most Americans with some relief from further inflation-induced income tax increases. A family of four earning $25,000, for instance, received a basic tax cut o f $305 in 1982--thanks to the Reagan package.g Assuming that the family's income rose at the rate of inflation, bracket creep measured from 1980 raised that family's taxes by $3
02. Bracket creep, therefore, eliminated virtually all of the tax cut. In July, when the third stage of the income tax cut takes effect, the family's 1983 tax cut will grow to $609 cut of $1
86. Even this reduction, however, will be offset by a Bracket creep will take $423, leaving a net tax These and the following figures on brack et creep and tax cuts assume that a family's income keeps pace with inflation and are based on Treasury projections of inflation rates. Bracket creep is figured using 1980 as the base year and Social Security tax hikes are increases from 1980 rates. 9 152 Social Security tax increase from the 1980 rates. In all Social Security tax increases and bracket creep will eradicate about 94 percent of the tax reduction in 19
83. If the third year cut is eliminated by Congress, the same family in 1983 will experience a substantial tax increase over its 1980 taxes.
Similarly, a family of four earning $15,000 is counting on this year's 10 percent tax cut to keep ahead of bracket creep and Social Security taxes. In 1982, this family received a tax cut of $151, but brac ket creep actually increased its taxes by $154 for a net tax boost of $
3. Social Security tax hikes from 1980 rates added a further burden of $
85. Rather than receiving a tax cut in 1982;the $15,000-a-year family actually paid $88 more in taxes In 1983 , this family is due to receive a $248 tax cut but 86 percent of the tax cut ($214) will be offset by bracket creep. With a Social Security tax hike of $90, the family will suffer a $56.net tax increase in 1983--even with the July cut.
Upper-income taxpayers also feel the ill effects of bracket creep and Social Security levies. The family making $40,000 is due to receive a $1,318 tax cut in 19
83. Yet bracket creep will take $1,008, offsetting 76 percent of the tax cut. After the Social Security tax hike of $362, the $40,000 taxpayer will actually face a $52 net tax hike in 19
83. Again, the July I'cutI is no more than a slowdown in tax increase.
This situation will not change in later years. The $40,000 family will still pay $21 more in taxes in 1984 than in 1980 after bracket creep and planned Social Security tax hikes. By 1988, the tax bill will be $477 more than in 1980, even if Congress allow s the full Reagan tax cut program to go into place. And these numbers don't even include the effects of last summer's enormous 100 billion tax bite, the gasoline tax increase or the huge new Social Security tax hikes recently passed by Congress Indeed, alm o st every income group will face, at best, only a modest tax cut--even with the third income tax cut in place. If that 10 percent tax cut is repea1ed;virtually every income group, save the very rich, will pay steeply higher taxes than before the Reagan Adm inistration took office. In short, the promise to give average- and lower-income taxpayers some relief from bracket creep and Social Security taxes can only be fulfilled if the third year of the tax cut remains on the statute book.
THE ISSUE OF DEFICITS Th ose seeking repeal of the third year tax cut say that government deficits, especially in future years, will sabotage economic recovery. They claim that as the economy begins to recover, the private demand for new investment capital will collide with the g o vernment's voracious credit appetite, and the resulting competition for funds will bid up interest rates to levels that will abort economic recovery. Repeal of the July cut, say these critics, is needed to reduce the deficit pressure 10 Their theory, howe ver, ignores reality. There is no simple or direct correlation between government deficits and interest rates In March 1981, the cumulative federal deficit was project ed at 33 billion for the period 1982 to 19
86. The President's January 1983 budget messa ge revised this total to $850 billion an almost 25-fold increase. According to the scenario sketched by opponents of the tax cut, these soaring deficits should have driven up interest rates. They did not. Instead, while deficit projections have skyrockete d, interest rates have plummeted. The rates on government Treasury bills, for example, reached a high of 16.3 percent in May 1981, but dropped to 7.81 percent by January 19
83. The prime rate fell from a high of 20.5 percent in August 1981 to 11 percent in January 1983 In short, deficits have climbed 2,500 percent since March 1981 while interest rates have dropped nearly 50 percent: The recovery is proceeding briskly, despite the deficits and contrary to the fears of many of the President's own advisors A f ar more dangerous threat to economic recovery is the lurking possibility of another tax increase. At this stage of the economic recovery a new hike would probably plunge the federal budget into an even deeper deficit, rather than curb it. As Chart I11 sho ws, higher taxes have not reduced budget deficits.
They are, in fact, associated with higher government outlays and deficits. All that tax increases seem to do is reduce the pressure on lawmakers to cutback spending CHART I11 Tax Receipts, Government Spend ing, and Deficits Period Tax Receipts as a Federal Deficits Federal Spending a percentage of as a percentage of as a percentage of GNP GNP GNP 1950-54 18.6 06 18.6 1955-59 18.1 06 18.1 1960-64 19.0 29 19.0 1965 -69 19.7 30 19.7 1970-74 20.5 -1.14 20.5 197 5 -79 21.8 -2.19 21.8 1980-82 23.8 -3.12 23.8 Source: Economic Report of the President, February 1983 Tax increases simply unleash more government spending rather than stem the flow of budget red ink. Tax receipts grew from $40 billion in 1950 to a projecte d $659 billion for 1984, a sixteen-fold leap in revenues. Receipts grew 1.4 times faster than GNP and 3.8 times faster than inflation. But.even this cou1d.no.t cover Congress's spending explosion. Government outlays over the same period skyrocketed twenty- fold, from $43 billion to almost $850 billion for 19
84. Outlays increased 1.2 times faster I 11 than government revenues, 1.6 times faster than GNP and 4.5 times faster than the inflation rate. As a result, government deficits grew from 06 percent of GNP to 3.12 percent of GNP in 1482.
The unbalanced budget is a symptom--not a cause--of the economy's poor economic performance. Rising unemployment automa tically increases expenditures for income support programs, while recessions reduce profits and wages a nd, along with them, govern ment revenues. The budget will not conceivably come into balance unless there is a strong recovery. And that will not happen if Congress taxes yet again.
There is strong recent evidence to support the view that tax increases ex pand, rather than contract, the deficit. Consider last summer's 100 billion tax hike. Paul Craig Roberts, former Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, explained in a Wall Street Journal article, the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 (TEFRA) was supposed to "narrow the budget deficit by 100 billion over the 1983-1985 period and by $229 billion over 1983 19
87. Instead, Roberts discovered the five-year deficit projections widened by $612 billion between the mid-session review (summer 1982) and the end of the year." The only way to reduce the deficit is to maintain and extend the tax cuts.
According to the usual rule of thumb, four years of 5 percent real economic growth will lower the unemployment rate by four percentage points A four percentag e point drop in the unemploy ment rate would reduce the expected $200 billion deficits by between $120 billion and $140 billion. What are the chances of attaining this high level of economic growth for a sustained period? Nobody knows for certain, of cour se. But one thing is clear: the repeal of the third year tax cut would lower the trajectory of U.S. economic growth--just as it,appears the economy is recovering--making it far less likely that the budget gap will be reduced or new jobs generated.
CONCLUSI ON The repeal of the July tax cut would put the burden of balancing the budget onto the backs of working and lower-income Americans, leave them with the effects of past bracket creep and deny them their promised tax cut. The campaign to repeal the July ta x cut betrays a callous cynicism when it comes to the plight of working Americans determination to continue its spending splurge. If the third year tax cut is eliminated, the recovery will slow, deficits will rise and income taxes on average Americans will soar to higher levels than at the end of the Carter Administration It seems motivated only by Congress's lo Paul Craig Roberts Big Taxes and Big Deficits The Wall Street Journal January 14, 1983. 12 The budget can be balanced only through vigorous economi c growth, coupled with spending reductions. The July cut promises to spur the economy into a robust and sustained recovery that will help generate more revenues to balance the budget recovery has already been launched successfully; it is no time to change the flight plan The Thomas M. Humbert Walker Fellow in Economics


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Most restaurant lists focus on where you can find great food.
But sometimes, it's fun to step outside your comfort zone and try something a little more wacky, like a toilet-themed restaurant or a lounge where the seats are made of ice.
We rounded up some of the most bizarre restaurants in the world, where the overall experience often beats the fare.
Julie Zeveloff contributed to this story.


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Jisheng Pan0000-0002-3677-5524
Jisheng Pan received his B.S. degree in physics from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 1985 and his M.S. degree in nuclear physics in 1988 from Shanghai Institute of applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China, where he worked for 6 years in nuclear technology. He graduated in 1998 with his Ph.D. degree in surface science from National University of Singapore, Singapore. Currently, he serves as a Senior Scientist and Photoemission Spectroscopy (PES) Group Leader in IMRE. He also works as an Adjunct Associate Professor in the Department of Physics, National University of Singapore. His areas of research interest include photoemission technique development, surface nanostructure formation, characterization and application on catalysis, synthesis and characterization of thin films for microelectronic device fabrication, and ion beam pattern of semiconductor surfaces. Dr. Pan has authored or coauthored more than 190 refereed journal articles, one patent and delivered more than 60 presentations at international conferences. He has also provided surface analysis and consulting service to many local and international companies. In the past 10 yesar his research team has studied many material system interfaces such as metal/semiconductor, semiconductor/semiconductor, high-k insulator/semiconductor using PES technique. Some publications in this area have been cited more than 500 times. Dr. Pan has received NJC Partner Award in 2009 and 2010, Best Session Paper Award at Semicon West Exhibition (San Jose, USA) in 2002, and the Natural Science Award of Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1991. He has been listed in the Who's Who in the World 1998 (Marquis, USA). Dr. Pan has graduated 4 Ph.D. and 5 Master students, and currently supervises 9 Ph.D. research staff and students. He is an Executive Committee Member of SCS (Singapore), a Member of MRS (USA), MRS (Singapore), IPS (Singapore), and NSC (China).
Biography Updated on 9 June 2012


text:
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The Allen/Fairview Chamber of Commerce will host an Eggs & Issues Legislative Breakfast featuring candidates running for area school board and council positions at 7:30 a.m. April 19 at the Courtyard by Marriott, 210 E. Stacy Road
Guests can get to know candidates running for Allen ISD, Lovejoy ISD and Collin College boards of trustees, and for mayor and council for the Town of Fairview in the May elections.
Cost is $20 per person, and guests can register at tinyurl.com/eggsandissues.
For more information, contact Sharon Mayer at 972-727-5585 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
WASHINGTON -- The trouble began soon after Vicki and Joe Parisi bought their used car in 1994. The radio would go out. The power windows stopped working. The gas gauge incorrectly read empty.
Soon, the 1993 sedan needed a brake job, transmission repairs and major front end work. Then came the last straw: The car died while the Parisis traveled in the fast lane of a busy Ohio freeway.
When the Uniontown, Ohio, couple investigated, they discovered the car was a lemon that the manufacturer had bought back from an owner who had similar problems in New Jersey, a state that required the vehicle's title be stamped as a lemon.
The automaker did repair work and shipped it to Ohio, which at the time did not require title stamping but does now. The dealer got a new title in its name, effectively erasing the lemon stamp.
Consumer advocates say this ''lemon laundering'' is widespread, a claim the auto industry denies, and want the Federal Trade Commission to require that automakers tell consumers about their duds.
''If you are going to put your family in this car and travel at 70 mph down the road you want to know if there is a history of problems,'' said Rosemary Shahan, founder of Consumers for Auto Reliability and Safety, a Sacramento, Calif.-based group working to improve lemon laws.
The FTC will wait to review the proposal before commenting, agency spokesman Mitch Katz said. ''It's possible that this could be in our jurisdiction, but you are talking about a major resource investment,'' Katz said.
The FTC held hearings on lemons four years ago at the request of the consumer groups, but has not taken any action.
No one knows how many repurchases all the manufactures make, in part because different state laws make it hard to track buybacks. States have different definitions for a lemon, require varying levels of disclosure when the vehicle is resold, and offer different ways for consumers to seek compensation.
In the Parisis' case, they successfully sued the automaker and the dealer, which has since gone out of business, after they refused to take the car back.
Some private companies, for a fee, will search a vehicle's history, but their data can be incomplete because of the differing state requirements.
Phil Nowicki, a consultant on lemon laws who used to head Florida's Lemon Law Arbitration Program, estimates that about 75,000 of the roughly 45 million used vehicles sold every year in the United States have been repurchased by the manufacturer under a lemon law decision or settlement.
He believes few consumers are aware they have bought a repurchase vehicle.
''I'd say compared to two or three years ago, the industry has improved to some degree,'' Nowicki said. ''But you get cars that are moved across state lines. I would say for the most part it isn't meant to defraud anybody, it's just the nature of the business.''
Under the system proposed by the consumer groups, a used car buyer could check the vehicle's identification number on an Internet database to find out if the manufacturer had bought back the vehicle from an unsatisfied customer.
The groups would like each search to be free or cost no more than perhaps $2.
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Safe-Grip Fall/Injuries Intervention: A Randomized Trial
- Full Text View
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- How to Read a Study Record
|Accidental Falls
|Procedure: Physical restoration intervention
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary Purpose: Prevention
|Official Title:
|Safe-Grip Fall/Injuries Intervention: A Randomized Trial
|Estimated Enrollment:
|Study Completion Date:
|June 2001
|Assigned Interventions
|Arm 1
|Procedure: Physical restoration intervention
Detailed Description:
Falls are the leading cause of nonfatal injuries in the United States and the second leading cause of all unintentional injury deaths. Each year fractures of the hip account for about 200,000 hospitalizations among the elderly and falls are contributing factors in 40 percent of admissions to nursing homes. About 30 percent of community-dwelling elderly fall each year, with about 10 percent seeking emergency medical help for a fall injury. Data from CDC-funded study to assess falls among the elderly (SAFE) suggest that as many as 41 percent of elderly patients fall at home in the year following discharge from hospitalization due in part to deconditioning associated with inactivity.
The controlled trial of a physical restoration (PR) intervention (Geriatric Rehabilitation Intensive Program, SAFE-GRIP) is designed to improve physical functional capacity and to reduce the likelihood of falls in the elderly during the period following discharge from hospitalization or inactivity/bed rest.
This is a four year randomized trial of SAFE-GRIP, designed to improve the physical functional capacity, to reduce the likelihood of falls and to decrease the chance of injury from falls. Patients at home or recently discharged to home will be randomly assigned to one of two groups, PR or control, upon receiving medical clearance (time=0). This project will provide mechanisms to establish well-designed innovative physical restoration (PR) protocols for the Miami VAMC and test the effects of these interventions on the rate of falling/sustaining injuries and their sequelae at home. Our anticipated sample was 105 males and 105 females aged 60+ years inactive at home or recently discharged to home from the Miami VAMC and a neighboring community hospital. Study participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups, PR or control, upon receiving medical clearance. Baseline measures of physical function, health care utilization, ADL/IADL performance and health-related quality of life will be taken following assignment to treatment conditions. These same measures will be taken again at eight weeks following medical clearance, and again at six months. The incidence of falls will be tracked throughout the funding period for each subject. Self-report of the number of falls in the year prior to hospitalization, an assessment of in-home hazards, and an assessment of participants' post-hospitalization medication regimen will be obtained at the baseline assessment and used as covariates in the analysis of outcomes.
All subjects have completed the study intervention phase. The projected submission date of the final report is September 30, 2001. Analysis of the prospectively collected study data is underway. We have acquired the HCFA Denominator Files, and Inpatient Files, and Part B Provider Service Files for the years 1997, 1998, and 1999. The extraction of 1997, 1998, and 1999 Part B Provider Service Files is almost complete and the analysis of the Inpatient Files is underway.
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|65 Years and older (Adult, Senior)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
Males and females aged 60+ years inactive at home or recently discharged to home.
Exclusion Criteria:
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT00013078
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT00013078
|United States, Florida
|Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL
|Miami, Florida, United States, 33125
|Principal Investigator:
|Carolee A. DeVito, PhD MPH
|Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL
|Responsible Party:
|VA Office of Research and Development
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00013078 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|First Submitted:
|March 14, 2001
|First Posted:
|March 16, 2001
|Last Update Posted:
|April 7, 2015
|Last Verified:
|June 2005


text:
Jose Canseco and Lenny Dykstra Will Fight in Celebrity Boxing Match
Two former baseball stars will duke it out in the ring on Saturday in a celebrity boxing match. Lenny Dykstra, 48, and Jose Canseco, 47, will square off in a match that's left many observers shaking their heads. "Canseco ruined my career by spreading lies," Dykstra said.


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Benchmark Timber recently supplied cedar cladding the project pictured below.
Author Archives: admin
Recent project
Project for Ripples Ltd
Cedar Cladding Project in Stratford-Upon-Avon
Cedar Cladding in Oxford
Cedar Cladding Reception area
Garden Office Bucks
Benchmark Timber Project for Designed to Breathe
In this project we supplied grade 4 clear cedar cladding and also various trim profiles. Further details can be found on the customer's blog at: http://designedtobreathe.blogspot.co.uk/search/label/cladding


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Air Conditioning
Indoor Air Quality
- Plumbing Installation
- Plumbing Repair
- Sump Pumps
- Pipe Replacement
- Bathroom Plumbing
- Kitchen Plumbing
- Main Water Lines
- Leak Detection
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- Tank vs Tankless Water Heaters
- Water Treatment Systems
- Water Treatment Systems Installation
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Electrical Repair Services in Phoenix from Cool Touch
Your electrical system is a major component of your home and affects almost every other major system you have installed. From water heating to air conditioning and every piece of electronics you own, your electrical system needs to work properly to avoid there being damage during a storm or your systems overloading with too much electricity.
If you need Phoenix electrical maintenance and repair work done in your home, call Cool Touch today for immediate, professional service. We provide a full range of services for home and business owners throughout the region and can keep your system running perfectly year after year.
Phoenix Electrical Maintenance Services
Like any major system in your Phoenix home, it is important that you have your electrical system inspected and tuned up on a regular basis. We offer annual inspection services to ensure your system is running as it should, along with ongoing maintenance plans so that if something does go wrong, you know exactly who to call for repairs.
During our maintenance visits, we inspect your system to check for major issues that might result in a future problem. This includes testing the wiring, checking your ground faults in bathrooms and outside, testing breaker panel capacity and surge protectors, inspecting fuses if you have them, and running diagnostics on vital electrical systems such as your attic fan, smoke detectors and any switches in your Phoenix home. This process usually takes less than a couple of hours to complete but will ensure your electrical system continues to run smoothly for another year and no unnecessary stress is placed on any part of your home.
Phoenix Electrical Repair Services
If some part of your electrical system fails, you need a professional that can quickly visit your home, inspect the problem, and repair it fast. Our electrical repair services are designed to ensure your electrical system is back up and running as fast as possible and that it does not break down again in the future.
If you notice common symptoms such as flickering lights, frequently flipping breakers, shorted out circuits, or black marks around any of your outlets, you should call for service immediately as there is likely a problem in your electrical system that requires attention. Some of these problems are small, but ultimately could cause damage to your appliances or electronics and in some very rare cases, could be a fire risk.
Whatever your home's Phoenix electrical repair and maintenance needs are, know that Cool Touch is available 24/7 for emergency visits and can schedule ongoing maintenance to keep your system running like new. Call us today to learn more about our full range of services and how we can keep your electrical system in top condition for years to come.


text:
RF Transceiver targets 2G and 3G modes with a single chip
Post a comment
The R2A60281LG integrates 2G (GPRS/EDGE) quad-band (850MHz/ 900MHz/ 1.8GHz/ 1.9GHz) and 3G (W-CDMA) quad-band (800MHz/1.5 GHz/ 1.7 GHz/ 2 GHz) functionality into a single chip. It also supports High-Speed Downlink Packet Access(HSDPA) categories 7 and 8 for data downloads at speeds up to max. 7.2 Mbps as well as High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HPUPA). The chip is built in 0.18 micrometer BiCMOS technology.
The transceiver includes the low-noise amplifiers (LNAs), a loop filter circuit, and HPA controls. A filter supporting CDMA2000 attenuates wavelengths outside the desired frequency band, reducing susceptibility to RF interference. Also, a 312Mbps (max.) digital interface function supports 3G DIGRF operation, offering the A/D and D/A conversion functions formerly handled by an analog baseband processor. This interface enables high-speed exchanges of In-Phase/Quadrature-Phase (I/Q) and control data with a digital baseband processor, for quick transfers of large data volumes.
The R2A60281LG 2G/3G dual-mode RF transceiver supports the 1.5GHz band under the specifications newly standardized by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The device measures 7x7x0.6 mm and is housed in a 120-pin LGA package. Samples are priced at $9 and will be available in March 2008.
For more information, visit www.renesas.com.


text:
Videos and Webinars
Steve Miller, MathWorks
Tune parameter values in abstracted models to match simulation results from detailed models. Optimization algorithms are used to automatically tune parameters of a dual-clutch transmission model.
Developing Vehicle Models with MathWorks Physical Modeling...
Mechanical Systems Simulation with SimDriveline
Vehicle Powertrain Simulation with Simscape Driveline
Tune Parameters to Match Simulation Results
Tune Parameters Using Simulink External Mode for VEX Cortex
Visualizing Simulation Results
Simulink and Digital Communications - A Perfect Match for...
Technical Computing with MATLAB, Part 1: Overview of...
Documenting Polyspace Results Using Reports
Cost and Benefit of Model-Based Development of Automotive...
Polyspace Static Analysis Results in Real Time
Analyzing and Documenting Results
MATLAB and Simulink Racing Lounge: Tire Modeling;...
Tunable Structure Parameters
Estimating Parameters of a Battery
Configuration Parameters List View
Estimating DC Motor Parameters
Differential Equations and Linear Algebra, 2.6c: Variations...
Creating a Mask: Parameters and Dialog Pane
Hydraulic Valve Parameters, Flow Rate
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text:
Three Killed as Small Plane Crashes at Haifa Airport
3 critically injured; Channel 10: Private plane flying in from Cyprus apparently overshot airport in landing.
A small private plane crashed in the northern Israeli port of Haifa Thursday afternoon, killing three people and critically wounding another three, rescue workers and police said.
They said the plane went down next to the tiny Haifa airport near the Technion university. Roni Atiya, a police officer at the scene, told Channel 2 that the plane crashed into an empty building at an air force base next to the airport. Media reports said some people on the ground were injured.
The names of the dead were not immediately released. Cyprus police said the plane took off from Larnaca with two passengers and two crew, all Israelis.
Channel 2 said the plane was a civilian Cessna. A police officer said the plane touched down on the runway then tried to take off again, crashing nearby. TV pictures showed the propeller and engine housing of the plane smoldering in front of a building as a firefighter sprayed water on it and police watched.
Police kept reporters away from the scene for two hours. Initial reports about the crash were based on telephone interviews with rescue workers and police at the site.
Channel 2 reported that the plane caught fire after hitting a power line. The TV station said that at the time of the crash, a graduation ceremony for female air force cadets was taking place a few yards away.
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Theatre Victoria Presents "Mama Won't Fly"
Theatre Victoria invites you to their stage production of Mama Won't Fly. Performances are Thursday, Friday and Saturday, May 1-3. Curtain time each evening is 7:30 p.m. at the Leo J. Welder Center for the Performing Arts.
An outrageously hilarious race against the clock begins when Savannah agrees to get her feisty mother all the way from Alabama to California in time for her brother's wedding. Savannah's problem: Mama won't fly. With only four days to make it to the ceremony, this determined daughter has no choice but to drive across country with her equally willful mother in Mama's vintage sedan. The folly of her decision quickly becomes apparent when the journey begins and comedic chaos ensues.


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Lawrence alumni Tom and Julie Hurvis have endowed the Jill Beck Professorship in Film Studies. The professorship honors Beck, who served as Lawrence president from 2004-2013. To fill the position, Lawrence has hired Amy Abugo Ongiri, who is currently an associate professor of English at the University of Florida. Ongiri will also be the director of film studies at the Hurvis Center for Interdisciplinary Film Studies.
Meanwhile, an anonymous donation to encourage participation in music and the arts has led Lawrence to hire J. Copeland Woodruff as director of opera studies. Woodruff is currently an assistant professor and co-director of opera studies at the University of Memphis. Lawrence has staged an opera production annually since 1961.
"One of the many strengths that a Lawrence education develops is the ability to link a student's own talent and creativity with performance and presentation, a skill one needs to succeed in the world today," president Mark Burstein said in a news release. "The addition of Amy Abugo Ongiri and J. Copeland Woodruff significantly enhances our capability in this area both for students interested in film studies and in the conservatory and also in the larger Lawrence student body."
Lawrence requires a minimum $2.5 million donation to endow a professorship.


text: What are your Best Disney Memories? Did something especially magical happen during your last trip - or perhaps during a trip from long ago? Come to today's chat and share your memories with us. Or maybe you can pick up a tip for making a memory of your own. Best Disney Memories - it's the topic of the Tuesday lunchtime chat. Meet Dopeygirl and I in the Main Lobby at 1 PM EST and let's talk Disney! Here is a link to the Chat Rooms. If you have any questions, please feel free to e-mail Dopeygirl or myself! DIS Chat!


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The structure brings the iconic building in lower Manhattan to its full, symbolic height of 1,776 feet (541.32 metres).
The US declared independence on July 4, 1776.
The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey said the spire's installation was completed on Friday morning.
Construction workers below applauded the milestone.
Pieces of the 758-ton spire were transported to the roof of the building last week.
The 408ft (124.36m) structure will serve as a world-class broadcast antenna.
An LED-powered light emanating from it will be seen from miles away.
The addition of the spire makes One World Trade Center the tallest structure in the US and third-tallest in the world.
However building experts dispute whether the spire is actually an antenna - a crucial distinction in measuring the building's height.
Without it, One World Trade Center would actually be shorter than the Willis Tower in Chicago, which stands at 1,451 feet (442.26 metres).
The new tower is at the northwest corner of the World Trade Center site, which is well on its way to reconstruction with the 72-storey Four World Trade Center and other buildings.
It is slated to open for business in 2014 with tenants to include the magazine publisher Conde Nast, the government's General Services Administration and Vantone Holdings China Center, which will provide business space for international companies.
- Related Stories
- World Trade Center's Crowning Spire Rises
- World Trade Center Workers Scrawl Graffiti
- Top Spire For World Trade Center In New York


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I access this off my iPhone 5 and can never see the full comments, it's a real shame because I'd love to take part in it
Worst finish of a title match ever. You have to be kidding me wwe. WHC is a joke.
Randy has no personality Orton?Daniel Bryan made him tap on free TV.
Booking insanity
LMFAO at the roh fans who didn't get their way tonigt. So glad cena, orton, del rio and ryback won. Hate on me all u want but im not the in mourning over a wrestling match.


text:
For snow, mountain bike or city bike with fenders?
I need to get a cheap bike for commuting in Montreal during the winter. It snows a lot, but streets also get cleaned quite quickly, and this lasts from December up until April at least. Im between getting 1) a cheap used city bike, thin tires with fenders, or 2) going with a mountain bike, probably without fenders. What is most recommended?
Im afraid the snow might get stuck on the fenders on the city bike. But that I might get extremely dirty with the mountain. I have descent astronaut clothing (plastic jacket/trousers), so in theory it shouldnt be a problem.
Also, Im quite big (1,88m, 6,16), should I get a big bike as well? Or that makes it easier to fall from slippery roads and a smaller frame might be more appropriate for snowy roads?
Thanks in advance!
Snow will definitely pack up in the fenders, but it won't make a difference because the moving wheel always clears it's own path.
My dry commute is on slick 2" tires, but for snow I change to treaded 1.25" tires because I've found that fat tires can climb up on hard packed snow, but the narrower ones always cut through to pavement (or the ice layer at the bottom).
Get fenders. You don't want salty sludge on your back & bike. And read Peter White's info on studded tires, as they make riding through the sludge much less tense.
just get the right sized bike for your physique - you might prefer straight bars / hybrid type setup rather than a slammed road bike for winter commuting
1 Attachment(s)
I've got 2 sets of 1.95" studded tires that just fit under the Planet Bike ATB fenders on my Safari(I've since swapped the front fender);never had an issue with snow packing up. As long as you mount fenders,the MTB will be fine. You always want a proper size bike;MTBers don't go a size small when they go off-road.
Thanks for all the answers!
I will get the mountain bike and try to get some fenders on it.
Is there any paint or similar I can use on it to prevent rust?
Do worry bout component rust. I haven't tested this rigorously (I no longer live in a very snowy city), but I would suggest using something like Boeshield T-9 on all the exposed steel hardware, as the only place I noticed rust back when I regularly road through salty slush was on exposed steel hardware like "stainless" brake mounting bolts.
Aluminium won't rust. :)
Get a rigid frame - no suspension - ice cold and salt are bad for suspension components.
11 Attachment(s)
I used a hybrid with studded snows and fenders and it was great. I pumped the tires to max most days. Sometimes I would let just a LB or two out. I rode in the road mostly in the right wheel track. Most days the roads were plowed so even right of the right wheel track was not dangerous. Thinking it would be fun to ride in during heavy snowstorms with deeper snow I set about getting a MTB and setting it up with wide studded snows and it was going to be my tank. After some time, effort and expense, and after the one and only ride I quickly realized it was much harder work and took much longer than using my regular commuter. I still believe, for me, that the MTB has no place as a commuter, certainly not when I have other faster easier options. Again, for me, in my opinion. Anyway these are the two bikes I just mentioned cuz Bf is more fun with pics, right?
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This is what I use here and I'm not too far away from you. Studded tires are a must for winter, and the MTB supports that very well.http://bikeforums.net/attachment.php...hmentid=351859
If you are going to ride in snow, I'd suggest a mountain bike with a knobbed or studded tire. I would also suggest a fender system like this one
The front fork is an SKS Blade and mounts under the fork. There is a splash shield on the downtube. The rear fender(s) are an SKS snap on fender on the upper part and the lower fender is a piece of a Planet Bike fender that has been cut to fit and is mounted on a Minoura waterbottle holder. This is a little more elaborate than just bolting on a set of regular fenders but I have far more snow clearance than a normal fender system would give me. Even in very deep snow, I don't have snow packing in the fenders
I have not found a problem with snow getting under fenders on plowed roads. I might prefer the City BIke as it would have a lower bottom bracket -- lower to the ground in general on the packed snow and icy spots might be better. I have little experience with suspension bikes, but I would think that on ice, having a rigid fork and hardtail would help you have a better feel with the road. And since we're talking about winter weather on-road riding, an old Rigid MTB or a newer city bike would be my choice.
I commute on a 26" folding mtb by Dahon.
It's all about the tires. Nokian studded for snowy stuff, Schwalbe Marathon Winters (studded) for packed snow and ice. I use the Schwalbes.
the snow buildup on the toes of your boots is gonna be more annoying especially when you reach 40+ minutes at 17 degrees ... not to mentioned your water turning to slush ... ;)
My dry tires are 2.1" Town and Country. 1.75" Marathon Winters for the slick stuff.
For me it depends on the type of snow and, more critically, potential ice under it. If we're talking hard packed snow where accumulation was pushed down by autos, I want a thicker tire with the lowest inflation I can get away with...and I ride SLOWLY. For lose, accumulated snow, I want a thicker tire, but a little more inflation...and I ride SLOWLY. For icy slush, or light snow, I want a narrow road bike tire - they cut right through it - and I ride SLOWLY. There's a common thread here ;)
I prefer titanium frames, no fenders, for snow/slush/salted roads.
Don't concern too much about the fenders. I have never had any buildup under mine and they are full coverage. I ride in all kinds of snow. Wet, dry, granular and slush. It tends to just spray around a little then fall off.
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I think the value of Ting is for multiple users sharing the plan. Even so, their ability to monitor and limit line specific usage is not quite ready for prime time for use as a family plan. Factoring in the price of the phones, the break even point would probably be well over a year for us.
Ting v.s. Virgin Mobile - Where's Ting's Advantage?
I've been hovering for a few weeks now and my general sense is that Ting kicks ass for light users. My usage is very light. I am intrigued.
My (monthly, rounded) average Mins/Txts/Data over the last year is: 103/281/0
Ting says I could have a brio + 2 yrs of this service for $406.
But what if I'm a little greedy? What if I'm a greedy little prick and I want a smartphone and maybe some data?
Let's take Galaxy SIII and some (small) data: SIII + 2yrs @ $17/mo = $937
Here's where I throw it down for the Ting devotees:
Virgin mobile will give me an HTC EVO V + Unlimited txt/data (that I won't use, but what if?!) for $240 + 2yrs @ $35/mo = $1080
-I choose the HTC EVO because even though it isn't an equivalent phone...at least VM actually HAS a solid midrange phone. Ting's midrange smartphones are not very well reviewed (CNET, personal experience)
So here's the gauntlet: Over 2 full calendar years I would only save $140 total with Ting and after 1 yr (not shown) I would be in the red by $70. Remember this is for (almost) bare bones usage through Ting and unlimited txt/data from VM. Savings evaporate with moderate usage. So why Ting?
P.S. I'm frankly looking to be persuaded here (hidden VM fees, etc). I'm just as giddy about Ting's "little shop" feel as everyone else and would rather see them make money than Sir Branson. But the question remains - is it charity or am I bad with numbers?
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I'm on my first smart phone, so I can't speak from experience on the life expectency of a phone, but if your phone lasts you longer than 2 years, the savings will be more significant. Also, I'm pretty satisfied with the Optimus Elite. I'm not sure why I would need the Galaxy III.
I actually like the idea of buying a phone and paying for service, rather than getting a subsidized phone and paying higher rates per month and being locked into a 2-year contract. I don't need unlimited data, but if I ever use a lot in a month, I only pay more that one month.
If you wanted mid-range, why not compare the EVO to the Galaxy S2 instead of the S3? As far as I can tell, the S2 seems like a solid phone in most reviews, and it would shave $100 off your purchase price, since you don't want tip-top end anyway.
@David - Virgin mobile is also no contract. They're basically like Ting (they use Sprint towers as well), but have bulky unlimited data/txt (monthly) plans for pretty cheap.
@Peter- You're right, that would be a more appropriate comparison. I was pitching a fit about the OS, but I hear 4.0 is getting rolled out now anyway. I still think the unlimited plan wins for a single user since they break even after a year only with strictly mild usage. When I start sharing a plan Ting will surely make more sense as Pizza Man mentioned.
That said, if I can find a used S II then that might tip the scale sooner.
I am also a pretty light user. My bills on Ting have been in the $20s up to the $40s, because I text using Google Voice, I don't talk a lot, and I have wifi most places I go.
For me, the biggest differentiator is that Ting doesn't charge for tethering. Tethering is where you can use your cell phone as a wifi access point for your computer or tablet. It's great for browsing the web at the airport or avoiding a hotel's $25/day wifi fee. Tethering never really drives up my data use substantially -- I mostly use it for just surfing the web and checking my email -- but on any other carrier, I'd have to bump myself up into the unlimited voice/data plan then add tethering, even if I don't use much data at all. And in the case of Cricket, I'm not even sure they offer it.
Not that it's a good general talking point since not everyone wants to spend a week fiddling with their phone, but rooting an evo and adding the wifi tether app on google code was my plan and that combined with unlimited data was what actually makes me consider virgin mobile. Free tether with unlimited data sounds appealing. I'm thinking of doing vm with
the HTC One (cheaper) for a year, then Ting will have more phones and my girlfriend and I will bundle up on Ting.
On a single-phone account basis, that Virgin deal does look pretty good. FYI for the others, that Virgin pricing has NO CONTRACT, so it is very comparable to what Ting has.
However, the "unlimited" claim does have it's caveats: you get 2.5gb/mo at full speed but it's throttled after that. Looks like you have no need for data anyway so that isn't a concern for you, but may be for others.
I do notice however that, IF someone wants to use their phone as a mobile hotspot they'll charge you $15/mo, which you would not be charged for with Ting.
Ting users get the advantage of voice roaming. Virgin users do not. If you travel at all, Virgin's voice coverage is pretty lame. Ting and Virgin users get the same data coverage, which is also lame, but at least Ting users can make a call from almost anywhere in the continental US.
Rooting your phone to enable tethering is almost certainly against Cricket's TOS. Not to say I think their TOS are fair or even that I would abide by them, but if they do any deep packet inspection and see desktop user agents go by, they might cancel your account. (AT&T started doing some kind of rooted tethering detection on their customers, so it isn't outside the realm of possibility.)
It's really just another reason I like Ting. You tell Ting that you rooted your phone, and their response is, add a section of the forums where people talk about rooting.
@Joseph - That's an incredibly good point. I didn't even consider different coverage since they both use Sprint's network (stupid assumption, I know) but looking at their coverage map...yikes. I actually find myself in the "no-call" areas of SoCal quite often (~ 2 days/week). That said, I have Sprint now and don't get reception where they claim to have voice coverage either... bad phone? Maybe.
@Ken - Also a good point, although user-agent spoofing on a laptop/tablet is a) pretty simple, b) permanent once set up (so doesn't require any up-keep) and c) probably the only metric that any service provider would use to try and tell if you're tethering. This does bar, say, multiple simultaneous users (in the frankly unlikely event that VM does scan for illegal tethers - plenty of people are reportedly doing it with no issue right now)
All of my points are hacks to give VM the edge, however, and there's a lot to be said about sticking with a company that is both competitive AND honest. Ting is no doubt on the high moral ground.
Thanks everyone for your comments. Joe and Ken put me over - I'll search around for an SII and if I end up with a few $40 months because of data...it's barely over the stock VM plan and at least I can feel good about the company I'm with. Also voice coverage. That was a clutch spot; thanks Joseph!
@Sean: User agent parsing is just a guess about how they might detect it. I don't really know. Probably the safest option would be to use a 100% encrypted tunnel, so that if other desktop software (Windows Update for example) is being detected, everything goes through the tunnel and nothing is parsable.
I just like that on Ting, it's not cloak and dagger. Ting just charges me for the data I use, so they don't care what the data is. It's so refreshing.
@ Sean: You mention "....I'll search around for an SII.....). Beware that Ting does not have BYOD (bring your own device) available yet. It's coming later this year (Q4). You will have to buy it through Ting if you want to move over before then.
Also, Virgin devices will NOT be able to be brought over even when that is available - only Sprint devices.
Yep, the roaming seems to be the benefit here. Ting, while not giving you the data, at least gives you voice and text when you roam over to the verizon side, which makes them a very very very good choice. RW, in theory, can also deliver this. P+ gives you verizon access. The real, true value of ting is the multi-line aspect. If you're only looking at a single line with moderate usage, there's not going to be much savings over the other players. A single line pulling down over 500mb of data a month and 500 or more minutes with up to 100 texts, and you're looking at $42+surchage/tax/fees. At this point, it's possibly not worth it, especially if you are planning on pulling more data. The only real advantage remaining is the network access, which MOST prepaid simply does not offer at all, and if it *does* offer it, they reserve the right to terminate you for using too much roaming.
If you are using over 500 minutes a month and over 500mb of data on a single line, then ting is probably not the right choice for you, once you add in line #2 and don't exceed 1000 and 1gb however.... ting's value starts to really shine through, especially the way it gives you credit back for unused buckets instead of just giving "unlimited" with caveats.
In *theory* at least, if you can find a VOIP integration service with good compression that keeps your data usage to under ~700kb/m for voice calls, then you can make out like a bandit on low-minute, high data plans. Hell, pretty much everyone should be doing this anyways with the prevelance of wifi. The big difference I see between ting and other options out there, is that the data is cheap, and you can use as much of it as you want for those cheap rates without any other obligations. However the hell you want too. Ting, while not non-evil, is less-evil. And until the revolution happens, and telcom is all standardized and state-owned with a non-profit mandate and 100% coast to coast coverage operating on a purely metered model, it does seem to be just about as good as you can get in terms of pricing/coverage/flexibility.
@ Sean: You're welcome. My wife and I both have SG2 Epic 4G Touch (longest handset name in the Guinness Book) and they can sometimes be stubborn about roaming onto Verizon. However, after a few minutes of no Sprint service, they usually make the transition. There is an app called Roam Control that I'm considering... The handset has to be rooted to use it.
None of the other services come close to what I pay for Ting. Two reasons: 1. I am not a phone addict. 2. I use wifi nearly all the time for my data.
Besides the price and the service and the coverage there is one thing Ting has that Virgin doesn't, and I was on virgin for some time...
Nuff said!
In my case, I am around WiFi 75% of my day. I want the best smartphone available (SIII or EVO LTE) to enjoy and use. I probably talk about 100 mins a month and text around 100 per month. Even if I use 100MB of data when I'm not around WiFi, I can have an SIII or EVO LTE for only $15 bucks a month. No other service can touch that price, period. Free roaming is the clincher and Ting customer service is phenomenal as well. I'm not with Ting yet because I'm locked in a Sprint contract, but I already switched my parents over, their bill went from $80 (Sprint) to $30 (Ting) a month with two lines.
We are a more-than-ten-years Sprint family...and as near as I can tell, Ting will serve our needs.
Here is what I think I know, as far as what the important service-related differences between Sprint and Ting boil down to: DATA ROAMING.
If I believe what I'm reading here, Ting voice and text and data use the Sprint network (more on that in a minute) and while Ting voice and text roam the same as if you're a Sprint customer (i.e. roaming is free)...Ting does not allow data roaming of any kind.
In other words, as far as data are concerned...you'd better be near a Sprint tower...because, as I wrote above, as a Ting customer, no data roaming is allowed. Is this correct?
But is this no-data-roaming a deal-breaker?
We just returned from a week in central FL (Disney) and east central FL (Cocoa Beach).
My oh my was the Sprint (data) service bad--and our three devices, which work very well at home--struggled to do anything as far as data was concerned. Roaming? I'm not sure what was going on except that the data was crap.
...all of which gets me thinking--there is a spot about a half-hour north of our home where the Sprint coverage hands us off to what I believe are Verizon towers. While voice works fine when roaming, the data roaming, through the Verizon tower, just doesn't work very well.
So how well does data-roaming work for current Sprint customers? Is our experience the norm? Because if it is, then what do we lose by going to Ting.
Make sense?
I will say that although Virgin Mobile offers unlimited data, Sprint's 3G speeds are paltry in comparison to the competition. So, music streaming and video streaming would be painful as well as downloading large files and viewing graphics heavy webpages. Nowadays, I just use Opera Mini to view webpages over Sprint's network. I use wifi for data-heavy applications and small stuff like synciing calendar and contacts over the network. I heard it best expressed by someone as, "What good is unlimited gold in your bank account if you can only withdraw a gram of it per week."
Since Sprint is setting up LTE, this "problem" could be cleared up. But, that will only be for those who live in extremely large cities for the time being. Unfortunate for me.
^^And Sprint had the nerve to add a $10 fee for using "Premium 3G", which is the worst in the U.S. Even worse is that people who never got Wimax "4G" were paying for this as well.
One thing to keep in mind is that Virgin Mobile voice/text/data traffic are last priority on Sprint's network. Ting gets the same network priority as native Sprint customers which results in much better service in congested areas.
Actually Samuel, Ting cleared up this concept of who gets priority over the network in a recent blog by dispelling the myth. Here's the article if you want to read it:
Enjoy the reading!
^^^ I have read that, but VM is a special exception. You can google this and find examples of people getting slower speeds on VM phones. Virgin actually routes traffic through their own special servers, unlike most other mvnos that go straight through sprint.
I live in a smaller community, and have no problem using wifi for data. It's ridiculously easy to avoid data charges.
I came to Ting from Virgin Mobile. My primary reason for making the move was that Ting had more modern phones. I got tired of waiting for a decent replacement phone on VM. On VM I was on the $25/month plan. I think it's $35 now, but I was grandfathered. My bills on Ting have been less than $25 (0 text, very little talk and less data than I would have expected I'd use), so I'm saving on the monthly rate, but I'm a very light phone user. I guess the phone may be a little more expensive, but I cam to Ting specifically to get a nicer phone, so that seemed like a fair trade-off to me.
4G DIFFERENCE. VM only has one 4G and it is a wimax HTC.
I'm with VM right now, with the old $25 unlimited plan, and looking to come over to Ting. I have the Triumph, decent phone, much better with Cyanogen 7. I was interested in getting the HTC EVO V, but it has major problems with the radio, you will need to root, s-off and flash a new radio. Some folks are actually flashing their phone to a Sprint EVO 3D to fix all the problems.
If you intend to use 4G (WiMax) make sure you are in a good reception area, it's spotty at best. My experience with VM reception (3G) has been relatively positive, but there have been times when my signal is crap for days.
Ting offers LTE, which Sprint is pushing hard to get up and going, and Verizon roaming when out of Sprint coverage area, which VM doesn't, when you leave Sprint coverage under VM, no signal. These two perks are what attracted me to Ting. I don't mind paying a little more for what seems like better service.
The other big thing to think about is customer supprt, if you need to call VM, customer support is horrible, sourced out, you end up talking to 3 or 4 people to get a problem fixed, and understanding them is tough at times.
Good luck on your decision.
The definate advatage is sharing among multiple phones with light usage and international texting. I have 3 phones on my account, mine, my wifes and my mom's. We use mostly wifi for data talk less than 100 minutes/month and text less than 1000 texts but they are mostly international texts. Ting was one of the only plans I could find that did not charge extra for international text messages. I pay less than $35 for 3 phones. I'd be paying more than triple that on vm. Plus an extra $20-30/mo for international text messages.
I'm a long time Tracfone user with light needs (probably under 100 mins / 100 texts most months; I use the phone mostly for logistical stuff). Tracfone's rates are great if you get a double- or triple-minute phone--After buying a $50 touch-screen feature phone, a $100 airtime card covered my needs for a year. But you're really limited in your choice of phones, and I was getting tired of my LG800G's lousy resistive touchscreen, lack of worthwhile games and apps, and generally horrible user interface. I often wished I could use a smartphone but keep paying Tracfone-like rates for light voice/text usage (restricting data to wifi). Ting FTW!
The only option I've seen that comes close is T-mobile's $30 100-minute, 5GB data, unlimited text plan. Which, if I use more than 500MB of data per month, looks like a _much_ better deal. (Virgin Mobile is a non-starter for me because I need the roaming. Years ago (with a VM phone) I got my car stuck in the snow and had to hike a mile to find someone with a working phone to call for rescue.)
And the T-mobile option would (presumably) let me use a Nexus 4. Mighty tempting.
But OTOH, if I use less than 500MB/month, Ting is cheaper, especially if I need more than 100 minutes in a month (info is hard to find on T-mobile's site, but it looks like overage minutes are $0.45 each--ouch.)
Some thoughts on Virgin Mobile vs. Ting:
I'm a longtime VM user thinking of switching to Ting. I've put up with VM because of the low cost, but their customer service is really awful. I've called Ting a couple of times with pre-sales questions, and the experience has been light years ahead of Virgin Mobile -- it's easy to call and talk to a pleasant, well-informed representative. I've had multiple occasions with VM where their billing was totally incorrect, and it almost always took many calls, fights with their voice messaging system to get to a human (try it -- 888-322-1122), dealing with employees who gave me incorrect information, periods on hold, and typically the need to talk with a supervisor. I'm currently on my third week of trying to get them to give a meaningful response to my complaint about their latest apparent billing error.
I wish I could post an image of the receipt I got from them once -- Top-Up: $10, Tax: $1.90 Tax, Total: $21.90. In fairness, they actually charged me $11.90 as they should have, but their error necessitated a phone call (always an adventure with VM) to confirm that they weren't charging me the incorrect total they were reporting.
In any case, from my point of view, the advantages of Ting are apparently far better customer service and a company that actually seems to put thought and effort into keeping customers happy, better pricing than most of what's out there for many people, and free roaming to Verizon for voice and texts (VM has no roaming; Ting has no data roaming). I'll miss my $25 grandfathered VM plan with unlimited data and texts, though.
If you're trying to decide between VM (or any other carrier) and Ting, I'd seriously suggest calling each of them with a question, any question, that you want a human to respond to, to get a sense for their customer service. (It probably would be even more informative if you make the question a little obscure.)


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thats a loaded question.
there are many variables to take into account.
Depends on the type of bankruptcy you qualify for and the amuont and type of debt you have.
The costs are around $300 to file, plus attorneys fees, those generally run a few thousand to several thousand dollars depending the amount and complexity of your debt. Also you can count on several trips to attorneys offices and Bankruptcy Courts, (think lost wages, 40-50 hours on average) You'll be allowed to keep a car and house along with the associated loans in most cases, But you could be required to sell everything else right down to your computer, TV and Xbox to pay off as much as the debt as possible before granting the bankruptcy, but not always.
You wouldn't want to file if you could possibly pay off the debt your self. The negitive effects will stay on your Credit report for 10 years.
An Attorney I have spoken to recomend, as a rule of thumb, not filing unless you owe more than your annual income in unsecured debt and it will cost about 10% -20% of what you owe.
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HKFsi partner Daniel McClean examines the legal hurdles facing those trying to recover stolen Nazi art through the German courts
The announcement of the recovery of 1,400 works of stolen Nazi art by German authorities in Munich – the Gurlitt hoard – has brought the legal challenges of claiming stolen art to the forefront of the news.
As is well known, between1933 and 1945, the Nazis (Hitler and Goering particularly) amassed vast quantities of artworks from museums and the plunder of Jewish collections through theft or forced sale.
The latest discovery, which is estimated to value around €1bn and contains a Matisse painting, has generated much debate as to the law in claiming ownership of works of art.
Yet how likely is it that the victims, German museums and the heirs of dispossessed Jewish collectors, will be able to recover their artworks from the hoard?
Claimants face numerous potential evidential and legal obstacles. Whilst the evidential obstacles are clear: proving that one's predecessors once owned artworks and that they were stolen or sold under duress can be difficult after long periods. This is particularly tough in cases where records of ownership may have been lost or destroyed – the legal obstacles are more difficult to fathom.
Under principles of international law, ownership claims involving artworks are generally brought in the courts of the state in which a defendant resides or where the property is situated at the time.
Therefore in respect to the Gurlitt hoard the likely scenario is that claims will need to be brought in the German courts and applying German law. This will make the case even more difficult for claimants.
For the German museums whose 'degenerate artworks' were seized there is the obstacle of The Forfeiture Act (1938), which was passed by the Nazis and ironically, still remains in force today. The Act enabled the Nazis to expropriate without compensation thousands of modernist paintings, sculptures and works on paper from German museums.
The Act was not repealed by the Allied forces after World War II (as they and the German authorities wished to avoid disputes) and it will need to be repealed if German museums are to now bring restitution claims.
For the heirs of Jewish collectors seeking the return of their families' property there are also significant legal hurdles. The German Civil Code prohibits the transfer of stolen property that has not been acquired in 'good faith'.
It would seem inconceivable that the Gurlitt hoard could fall under 'good faith' given the circumstances of it being acquired and the attempts of concealment. However, the hoard does fall under a special limitation defence. Due to the fact that Gurlitt had been in possession of the collection for more than 30 he could assert that all recovery claims are time barred. The 30-year rule astonishingly, seemingly applies in Germany even to bad faith possessors of stolen artworks in contrast to the laws of many other countries.
Whilst Gurlitt would be entitled to waive this defence should he wish – the indications from his public pronouncements to date are that he will choose to rely upon it.
The injustice caused by the 30-year rule has led the Bavarian minister of justice to propose that it should be scrapped and for this amendment to have retroactive effect, so that it can apply to the Gurlitt hoard.
Until this rule has been repealed do not expect any restitution claims in the German courts.
As unfair as it may seem to the victims who have long suffered from the acts of Nazis in World War II, the laws of ownership diverge significantly between jurisdictions and there may be a long fight ahead to be reunited with their stolen property.
Watch this space.


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Written on: 25/07/2004 by Schlank (1 review written)
Good Points
Very agile
Good value for money
Simple, effective and stylish design
Bad Points
Could be 'snazzier' to compete with the nike 90 range
General Comments
Puma King Pro boots can be bought for a great price of £50, but most places sell it for around £70, so shop around. Also, I am talking about the metal stud's version. At first these boots look fairly average, but at a closer view you van see the careful designed shape of the boot, using 'duo flex' technology, is really quite stylish. What made me buy them was the fact that they look expensive when you are playing in them but are different from the OTT Nike 90 brand that are becoming increasingly common. A good buy and in my opinion one of the best value boots that's in its price range. I would recommend this boot to anyone!
PS Paul Robinson has a pair.
Written on: 13/01/2006
Firstly I cannot understand what you'd buy a pair of boots based purely on how expensive they look. Sure, the styling is important and hopefully they don't look anything like the Nike 90's which are completely grotesque.
These boots are a classic and have maintained their traditional look and comfort over the years. Because Puma haven't paid a pro thousands to endorse them means they are more affordable than Predators and probably less renown because of it. I hardly see anyone wearing them anymore but then again it's hard to find black leather football boots in my local shops!
Reliable, well fitted and underrated. The Puma King Pro's I've found to be more durable then Adidas World Cups, Profi's and predators. A firm favourite with many semi-pros and yes even Paul Robinson.
Written on: 04/07/2006
I recently bought a pair of puma kings and they were the most uncomfortable pair of boots i have owned. The studs on the underside stuck into my feet making it impossible to play. They were awful in comparison to my previous pair of boots, Adidas f50+ which were also very plain, black and white but much more comfortable and in my opinion great value for money. I purchased the Puma King football boots due to the reviews and opinions of my friends, all of whom saying how comfortable and stylish they were but was hugely disappointed with the boot.
As rated by our community of reviewers
" Poor stitching " Read More
" Brilliant! Excellent. Very good " Read More
" Best boots bar none " Read More
" These are special! " Read More
" Best boot on the market! " Read More
Written by joshtay


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Mark and Tracy Hooks' riverfront home in RiverNorth community in North Augusta has some of the best seats for watching events on the Savannah River.
"There's always something going on," Ms. Hooks said. "We like having the luxury of being spectators from our own home."
When they're not watching the action on the river, they're likely to be found in their backyard.
"We have lots of picnics outside, especially when it's warm. It's like our own little retreat," she said.
They moved into the 3,700-square-foot house in 2000 after spending a year designing it and having it built.
"We wanted a house to live in, so we carefully planned which rooms we would have and which ones we didn't really need, like a formal dining room," Mr. Hooks said. "We wanted each part of our house to be used and not a showcase. For us, it's worked out pretty well. It makes our home cozy and welcoming."
Their home is also kid-friendly, Mrs. Hooks said. With 3-year-old twins Flip and Ansley, and 2-year-old Zach, it was important to consider children's dÃcor, she said.
Throughout the first floor and the basement, vibrant colors from the children's toys complement the Earth tones the couple chose for most of the dÃcor.
In the children's room, hand-painted murals of a cow, a horse and the family's dog fill the walls. The alphabet borders the walls near the ceiling. The children's bathroom features the Three Little Pigs.
"We wanted to do something educational and fun for their room," Mrs. Hooks said. "The animals and the colors accomplish both. I must say, it's my favorite room."
Though the Hooks had a major hand in designing their house, they also had -- and still have -- the support of family and friends in making it a home, Mrs. Hooks said.
"Our home is a project in progress, and we've tackled the project along with family and friends," she said. "It's a labor of love."
Reach Nikasha Dicks at (706) 823-3336 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
THE FAMILY: Mark and Tracy Hooks; twins Flip and Ansley, 3; and Zach, 2
THE HOME: 3,700-square-foot, two-story house in RiverNorth community with a basement, three bedrooms and four baths
IT'S A FACT: Mr. and Mrs. Hooks are owners of CommuniGraphics in North Augusta with Mrs. Hooks' brother.


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For San Diego mom Lindsay Sinai, every day is a joy and a challenge with two boys with autism.
Adding to that, dad Jason is in the military.
"He was on a 10 month deployment in 2011, and it was hard," Sinai said.
Little things, like a custom "daddy doll" of Jason in uniform help 7-year-old Ethan and 4-year-old Cooper cope.
"They slept with their daddy doll every night when he is gone, and they're asking me, 'where's dad?'" Lindsay said.
But with those long deployments, moving frequently, changing schools and service providers for the boys, Lindsay says, "It's a lot of pressure on me."
This family is not alone. One of every 68 children in the U.S. is diagnosed with autism, and the rate is even higher among military kids.
The Sinais say they feel grateful that "Act Today for Military Families" is there to help with the bigger things
"We've recently moved again, and knowing that ACT is there is a nice comfort," Lindsay said.
This mom has asked the non-profit for a grant to buy supplements that she says provide tremendous results.
For Ethan, he moved from severe to moderate class in his autism diagnosis. For Cooper, he's seen an increase in language skills and a decrease in tantrums.
For every military family, the need is different. Some ask for iPads, which give children with autism something to focus on and be creative. Another need is Applied Behavior Analysis or items for safety, like large fences or GPS devices for children who may run off.
"Whatever we can do to help with their symptoms of autism, it makes our lives a little bit easier and it makes him feel better when he's on the ship," Lindsay said.
ACT is holding its annual One Hope 5K/10K/Run/Walk and Family Festival Saturday, April 19 at Tecolote Shores Park in Mission Bay. NBC 7 is a sponsor of the event.