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|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|26 Abr 1988
|Fecha de presentación
|9 Ene 1987
|Fecha de prioridad
|9 Jul 1986
|También publicado como
|Número de publicación
|Eliot R. Long
|Cesionario original
|Miply Equipment, Inc.
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (12), Citada por (15), Clasificaciones (22), Eventos legales (11)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part of co-pending application Ser. No. 883,550, filed July 9, 1986.
The present invention relates to saturators for impregnating a substrate with a saturant, and in particular to an improved saturator and saturating method for impregnating selected portions of a substrate with increased amounts of a saturant.
Saturators have been used for some time to impregnate substrates such as webs of paper with varying amounts of saturants. By properly selecting the amount and type of saturant to provide the desired characteristics to the substrate, saturators can be used to enhance the physical characteristics, and therefore the value, of the substrate.
For example, one valuable saturant is sodium silicate. When high levels of sodium silicate are added to a paper web, the paper can be made fire resistant and can be given much improved structural strength. However, such highly impregnated paper can be difficult to fold or crease in conventional paper processing machines. It therefore would be advantageous to impregnate a paper web with increased amounts of sodium silicate at selected portions of the web. For example, if a paper web were to be used to form a box in which stacking strength were an important consideration, it would often be advantageous to apply increased amounts of sodium silicate to the sidewalls of the box as compared with the top and bottom panels, which must be folded in use.
As another example, containers such as beer cases are subjected to unusual wear patterns. The tops and bottoms of the cans within the case act as cookie cutters during transportation and can severely damage either the printing on or the actual structure of the top and bottom panels of the case. If sodium silicate were applied to the top and bottom panels, this cookie cutter effect could be resisted effectively. In this example, however, there is no need to apply large amounts of sodium silicate to the sidewalls, and it would reduce the cost of materials if the saturant could be concentrated at the top and bottom panels and not the sidewalls of the case.
In spite of the important advantages that selective saturation would provide in the examples described above, the applicant is unaware of any commercially available saturator that performs this function. The saturator described in Menser U.S. Pat. No. 4,588,616 is an extremely effective device which can be used to saturate substrates with a range of saturants at both relatively low and extremely high add-on weights. Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 2,711,032 describes another type of saturator used in the past. However, neither of these saturators is provided with means for selectively impregnating desired portions of the web with increased amounts of the saturant.
In the past, stencils have been used with a variety of surface applicators for liquids of various types. However, such stencils have not, to the knowledge of the applicant, been used with saturators. Instead, stencils have typically been used with applicators which apply liquid to the surface of a web without substantial impregnation. Examples of such applicators are spray devices (Smith U.S. Pat. No. 3,088,859); extruders (Sorg U.S. Pat. No. 2,904,448); roller applicators (Holdsworth U.S. Pat. No. 2,056,274); and spreaders (Hannington U.S. Pat. No. 1,546,834). Such applicators differ significantly from saturators in that they apply a liquid to the surface of the substrate without specific pressure to force the applied liquid into the interslices of the substrate and therefore do not provide deep impregnation as does a saturator.
The present invention is directed to an improved pattern-formed saturator and to a method for selectively saturating desired portions of a web. As used herein, the terms "saturator" and "saturate" are not meant to suggest that extremely high levels of saturant are forced into the web. To the contrary, a saturator can be used to introduce a low level of saturant into a web, at an add on weight of 1%, for example.
According to the apparatus of this invention, a saturator is provided of the type comprising means for defining a chamber which converges in depth from an entrance region to an exit region, means for supplying a saturant to the chamber, and means for passing a porous web through the chamber from the entrance region to the exit region. The chamber is shaped such that movement of the saturant through the chamber pressurizes the saturant in a pressurized zone which includes at least the exit region, thereby impregnating the web with the saturant. Means are provided in the chamber defining means for forming at least one reduced pressure zone in the exit region adjacent to the pressurized zone. This reduced pressure zone is characterized by a reduced saturant pressure as compared with the pressurized zone such that a greater amount of the saturant is forced into portions of the web aligned with the pressurized zone than with the reduced pressurized zone. In some embodiments the saturant may not contact the web in the reduced pressure zone or the saturant pressure may be so low in the reduced pressure zone as to prevent any substantial movement of saturant into the web. In other embodiments the reduced pressure zone can be arranged to force a desired, relatively lower level of saturant into the web as compared with the pressurized zone.
According to the method of this invention, a chamber is provided which includes an entrance region and an exit region and which converges from the entrance region to the exit region in a first, relatively high pressure zone. This chamber also defines a second, relatively low pressure zone situated alongside the high pressure zone. A saturant is introduced into the chamber and the web is passed through the chamber from the entrance region to the exit region such that the saturant is brought into contact with the web in both the high pressure zone and the low pressure zone. The chamber is shaped such that the movement of the saturant through the chamber generates higher pressures in the high pressure zone than in the low pressure zone, thereby impregnating portions of the web aligned with the high pressure zone with a greater amount of saturant than portions of the web aligned with the low pressure zone.
As described in detail below, the present invention provides important advantages in that it allows selected, patterned portions of a web to be impregnated with increased amounts of the saturant. By applying increased amounts of the saturant only where it is needed on the web, the cost of saturant is reduced, and the end product can actually be improved. For example, impregnation of the web can be reduced or avoided in regions where the web will be creased or folded, such that the saturant does not interfere with such subsequent processing operations. As another example, saturant can be substantially prevented from impregnating patterned portions of the web which will subsequently be printed in the event a saturant is used which in high concentrations detracts from the clarity or color trueness of the printing operation.
The invention itself, together with further objects and attendant advantages, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view through a first pattern-forming saturator.
FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c are partial plan views of alternative stencils suitable for use in the saturator of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line 3--3 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a second pattern-forming saturator.
FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of components of the saturator of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line 6--6 of FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary perspective view of portions of a variant of the saturator of FIG. 4.
FIG. 7a is a sectional view taken along line 7a--7a of FIG. 7.
FIG. 7b is a sectional view taken along line 7b--7b of FIG. 7.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth pattern-forming saturator.
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary view taken along line 9--9 of FIG. 8.
FIG. 10 is cross-sectional view through a fifth pattern-forming saturator which is similar in some respects to the saturator of FIG. 1.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of components of the saturator of FIG. 10.
FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a sixth pattern-forming saturator which is similar in some respects to the saturator of FIG. 4.
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of components of the saturator of FIG. 12.
FIG. 14 is a fragmentary perspective view of portions of a variant of the saturator of FIG. 12.
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of an eighth pattern-forming saturator which is similar in some respects to the saturator of FIG. 8.
FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a component of the saturator of FIG. 15.
Turning now to the drawings, FIGS. 1-9 show various views of four pattern-forming saturators which all utilize stencils to prevent the saturant from contacting selected portions of the web. FIGS. 10-16 show various views of four pattern-forming saturators which provide selective saturation of the web without the use of a stencil. The following discussion will take up first the saturators of FIGS. 1-9 and will then turn to the saturators of FIGS. 10-16.
FIG. 1 shows a cross sectional view of a pattern-forming saturator 10 which includes a stencil 50. This saturator 10 includes a mandrel 12 which is mounted for powered rotation about an axis defined by a shaft 14. Typically, the mandrel 12 is formed of a steel shell having a length at least as great as the widest web to be processed. The mandrel 12 is mounted for rotation adjacent to a chamber defining element 16 which extends along the length of the mandrel 12. This chamber defining element 16 defines a chamber 18 between the element 16 and the mandrel 12. This chamber 18 is characterized by an entrance region 20 and an exit region 22. The chamber 18 is deeper in the entrance region 20 than in the exit region 22, and preferably the chamber 18 tapers in depth in a gradual and progressive manner.
A supply port 24 supplies a liquid saturant, such as an aqueous sodium silicate solution, to the chamber 18. If desired, the saturant can be supplied to the chamber 18 under pressure via the supply port 24, or alternately, the self-pressurizing features of the saturator 10 described below can be used to create the desired pressure of saturant within the chamber 18. A plurality of spring seals 26 formed of a suitable spring steel are mounted to the chamber defining element 16 adjacent to the entrance region 20 to impede the flow of saturant out of the chamber 18. An entrance roll 30 and an exit roll 32 are mounted for rotation adjacent to respective sides of the chamber defining element 16.
The features of the saturator 10 described above are substantially identical to those described in Menser U.S. Pat. No. 4,588,616. This patent is hereby incorporated by reference to its detailed teaching of the structure of the saturator 10, and in particular for its teaching of the geometry of the converging chamber 18. As explained in detail in the Menser patent, a web 40 is passed between the mandrel 12 and the chamber defining element 16, such that the web 40 is moved through the chamber 18 from the entrance region 20 to the exit region 22, carried by the rotation of the mandrel 12. Movement of the web 40 through the converging chamber 18 pressurizes the saturant within the chamber 18, thereby forcing the saturant to impregnate voids or pores in the web 40. After the web 40 has been impregnated with the saturant, it leaves the converging chamber 18 via the exit roll 32 and typically passes to an oven (not shown) where volatile components of the saturant are removed. As one example of a suitable saturant, aqueous solutions of sodium silicate as described in the Menser patent can be used. The linear convergence of the converging chamber described in the Menser patent has been found to provide surprisingly good physical properties for the saturated web, and is therefore the preferred configuration for the chamber 18. Of course, other converging geometries can be used as well.
A stencil 50 is provided to prevent patterned portions of the web 40 from coming into contact with the saturant in the chamber 18. This stencil 50 includes both impermeable regions 52 and permeable regions 54. As shown in FIG. 1, the stencil 50 preferably moves in a closed loop about the entrance roll 30, the exit roll 32, and idler rolls 56, such that the stencil 50 is in intimate contact with the side of the web 40 facing the chamber defining element 16. In the permeable regions 54 of the stencil 50, the saturant comes into contact with the web 40 and the web 40 is impregnated with saturant in the conventional manner In the impermeable regions 52 of the stencil 50, the saturant is prevented from coming into contact with the web 40.
The stencil 50 preferably moves at the same linear speed as the web 40, such that there is no relative movement between the web 40 and the stencil 50. In this embodiment, this desired result is obtained in that the web 40 frictionally engages and drives the stencil 50. Of course, in alternate embodiments it may be preferable to provide an active drive system for the stencil 50 to synchronize the linear speed of the stencil 50 with the web 40.
FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c provide partial plan views of three exemplary stencils 50a, 50b and 50c that may be used with the pattern-formed saturator 10 of FIG. 1. The first example of FIG. 2a includes two lateral bands 58, each having a substantially constant width, and each positioned to protect a respective lateral portion of the web 40. Thus, the impermeable regions 52a of the stencil 50a cover the two lateral edges of the web 40, and the permeable region 54a allows the central region of the web 40 to be impregnated with the saturant.
FIG. 2b shows an alternative stencil 50b which includes one central band 60 having a generally uniform width. This central band 60 is positioned to insure that the impermeable region 52b is centered on the web 40 to prevent the central portion of the web 40 from being impregnated with the saturant. The lateral edges of the web 40 are aligned with the permeable regions 54b of the stencil 50b, and are impregnated with saturant as the web 40 moves through the chamber 18.
FIG. 2c shows a third stencil 50c which comprises a band that extends over the full width of the web 40. This band defines discreet permeable regions 54c, each completely surrounded by the band which forms the impermeable region 52c. The stencil 50c insures that the saturator 10 impregnates the web with the saturant only in isolated regions aligned with the discrete permeable regions 54c.
The saturator 10 provides high saturant pressures in the exit region 22. In order to reduce the leakage of saturant out the exit region 22, the saturator 10 includes an exit seal 70 which is best shown in FIG. 3. In FIG. 3 the stencil 50a of FIG. 2a is shown for illustrative purposes, including the two lateral bands 58. The exit seal 70 defines recesses 72 positioned to receive the lateral bands 58. These recesses 72 are separated by a raised area 74. The depth of each of the recesses 72 is substantially equal to the thickness of the lateral bands 58. The notched profile of the exit seal 70 defined by the recesses 72 and the raised area 74 seals the exit region 22 to minimize leakage of saturant past the exit seal 70.
In use, the web 40 is passed through the chamber 18 between the stencil 50 and the mandrel 12 such that regions of the web 40 aligned with the impermeable regions 52 of the stencil 50 are protected from contact with the saturant in the chamber 18, while regions of the web 40 aligned with the permeable regions 54 of the stencil 50 are impregnated with the saturant in the conventional manner. In this way, the saturant is applied only to the desired portions of the web 40, thereby providing important advantages in terms of both utility and economy. Utility is improved in that the saturant can be kept out of contact with undesired regions of the web, as for example regions of the web that are to be printed or otherwise processed in a manner incompatible with the saturant. Economy is improved in that by applying the saturant only to the desired portions of the web 40, the usage and therefore cost of the saturant needed to process a particular web 40 are reduced.
FIGS. 4-6 relate to a second saturator 100. This saturator is similar to the first saturator 10 in that it includes a rotatable mandrel 112 and a stationary chamber defining element 116. A converging chamber 118 similar to the chamber 18 of the first preferred embodiment is defined between the element 116 and the mandrel 112. This converging chamber 118 defines a relatively deep entrance region 120 and a relatively shallow exit region 122, as described above. Saturant is supplied to the converging chamber 118 through a manifold 124. In alternate embodiments, the saturant can be supplied via the manifold 124 under a wide range of pressures, depending upon the desired degree of saturation and other parameters of the saturation process.
The chamber defining element 116 is mounted on a frame 134 which is, in turn, pivotably mounted for rotation about a pivot axis 136. This mounting arrangement for the element 116 provides a number of important advantages. First, the frame 134 can readily be pivoted away from the mandrel 112. This simplifies cleaning operations and it allows the element 116 to be moved briefly away from the mandrel 112 when necessary to pass a splice on the web 140. Furthermore, this arrangement allows the depth of the converging chamber 118 at the entrance and exit regions 120, 122 to be adjusted substantially independently of one another. By moving the pivot axis 136 toward and away from the mandrel 112, the depth of the entrance region 120 can be precisely adjusted without substantially altering the depth of the chamber 118 at the exit region 122. Similarly, by providing a precisely adjustable stop surface near the exit region 122, the frame 134 can be positioned so as to obtain the desired depth at the exit region 122 without significantly altering the depth at the entrance region 120.
In the saturator 100, the web 140 is moved through the converging chamber 118 by rotation of the mandrel 112. A stencil 150 is brought into contact with the surface of the web 140 adjacent to the saturant in the converging chamber 118, and friction between the stencil 150 and the web 140 insures that the stencil 150 moves at the same linear speed as the web 140, without slippage between the stencil 150 and the web 140. If desired, an auxiliary drive system can be provided for the stencil 150 to reduce drag on the web 140.
The stencil 150 includes a number of parallel bands spaced across the length of the mandrel 112. The bands themselves form impermeable regions 152 which prevent saturant from reaching the web 140. The regions between the bands act as permeable regions 154 which allow the saturant to reach and impregnate the web 140. FIG. 4 shows a stencil cleaning system 156 which removes saturant from the stencil 150. A variety of approaches can be used in the system 156 to clean the stencil, such as chemical baths, mechanical brushes, scrapers, and the like.
As best shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, an insert 180 is mounted to the element 116 such that it is the insert 180 that defines the interior wall of the converging chamber 118. This insert 180 is provided with a plurality of spaced parallel grooves 182, each sized to receive a respective one of the bands of the stencil 150. The grooves 182 are separated by raised areas 184. As shown in FIG. 5, the grooves 182 increase in depth as they approach the trailing edge 190 of the insert 180, and at the trailing edge 190 the grooves have depth equal to the thickness of the bands such that the raised areas 184 closely approach the web 140 with sufficient clearance to allow web irregularities such as wrinkles to pass.
The insert 180 can be formed of any suitable material and it is anticipated that a range of plastics and metals will be found suitable. The converging chamber 118 is shaped much like the converging chamber 18 shown in FIG. 1, and the leading edge 186 of the insert 180 is positioned to abut a retainer 158 mounted to the element 116 near the entrance region 120.
The presently preferred arrangement for mounting the insert 180 in place is best shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. The element 116 defines a channel 160 which extends parallel to the mandrel 112. This channel 160 defines spaced parallel slots 162 which extend along the length of the channel 160, and the channel 160 is connected to the manifold 124 through a plurality of spaced ports 126. The retainer 158 defines flanges 164 sized to fit within the slots 162 to hold the retainer 158 in place on the element 116. The retainer 158 defines a lip 166 which fits over the leading edge 186 of the insert 180 and holds it in place. A plurality of openings 168 are defined by the retainer 158 to allow saturant to flow from the channel 160 to the converging chamber 118 into the regions between the bands of the stencil 150. Thus, the retainer 158 both holds the leading edge 186 of the insert 180 in place and distributes saturant into the chamber 118.
The trailing edge 180 of the insert 180 defines an array of protruding fingers 192 and these fingers 192 are captured in place by respective openings 194 in a plate 196. The plate 196 is in turn removably secured to the element 116, as for example by screws 198.
The insert 180 acts as a seal by receiving the bands of the stencil 150 within the grooves 182. In effect, the insert 180 becomes a portion of one wall of the converging chamber 118, and this wall is contoured to receive the stencil 150. In this way, the raised areas 184 can be positioned as close to the web 140 as desired to obtain the necessary sealing action and to develop the desired pressure within the converging chamber 118. Of course, in alternate embodiments, the grooves 182 can actually be formed in the element 116, thereby eliminating the need for a separate insert. However, the insert 180 provides important advantages, in that it allows the element 116 to be readily adapted to differing stencils, simply by replacing the insert 180. If necessary, the retainer 158 can readily be removed and replaced as well.
FIGS. 7, 7a and 7b relate to a third saturator which is similar to the saturator of FIGS. 4-6. The key difference is that in the saturator of FIGS. 7-7b the insert, retainer and plate are all formed of separate, modular components. In FIGS. 7-7b the same reference numerals are used as in FIGS. 4-6 for corresponding elements, except that the reference numerals of FIGS. 7-7b are primed. Except as indicated below, the second and third saturators are identical.
In the saturator of FIGS. 7-7b, the insert 180' is composed of multiple parallel, spaced elements, each of which defines a respective leading and trailing edge 186', 190'. The leading edges 186' are held in place by retainers 158', and the trailing edges 190' are held in place by plates 196', all as described above in connection with FIGS. 5-6. The bands of the stencil (not shown) are sized and positioned to move between the inserts 180'. Thus, the inserts 180' of FIG. 7 correspond in function to the raised areas 184 of FIG. 5 and the regions between the inserts 180' of FIG. 7 correspond to the grooves 182 of FIG. 5. The retainers 158' are separated by spacers 170' which slide in the slots 162' and block the flow of saturant out of the channel 160' in the region between the retainers 158'.
The saturator of FIGS. 7-7b is modular in construction, and it allows a small number of inserts 180', retainers 158', spacers 170' and plates 196' to be combined as desired to accommodate a large variety of spacings and widths of the bands of the stencil. Preferably the inserts 180' are equal in width to the corresponding retainers 158' and plates 196'.
FIGS. 8 and 9 relate to a fourth saturator 200 which differs significantly from the first, second, and third saturators in that neither of the two chamber defining elements 212,214 moves relative to the other in operation. Rather, each of the elements 212,214 is rigidly held in position by a frame (not shown). The two elements 212,214 define a converging chamber 216 therebetween. This converging chamber 216 includes a relatively deep entrance region 218 and a relatively shallow exit region 220. The elements 212,214 define as extended exit region 222 which provides an important sealing function as described below. Saturant is supplied to the converging chamber 216 via a supply port 224.
This fourth saturator 200 includes upper and lower belts 230,232, each of which is rotated by a respective drive system 234,236 such that the two belts 232,234 move between the elements 212,214 at the same speed, thereby carrying the web 240 through the converging chamber 216. Preferably, these belts 230,232 are formed of an impermeable material such as stainless steel, and suitable lubricants are provided between the belts 230,232 and the chamber defining elements 212,214.
In addition, a closed loop stencil 250 is also passed through the converging chamber 216, positioned immediately adjacent to the web 240. This stencil 250 is moved at the same linear speed as the web 240, carried along by friction between the stencil 250 and the web 240. A stencil cleaning system 256 as described above is provided to remove saturant from the stencil 250.
As best shown in FIG. 9, the stencil 250 comprises a plurality of impermeable regions 252, each made up of a respective one of three parallel bands, and a plurality of permeable regions 254 positioned between the bands. In addition, the bands are interconnected by semi-permeable regions 253. In this embodiment, the semi-permeable regions 253 are formed of an impermeable sheet which defines a plurality of small openings. These openings allow some saturant to flow into the web 240. However, the flow of saturant into those portions of the web 240 aligned with the semi-permeable regions 253 is reduced as compared with the flow of saturant into those portions of the web 240 aligned with the permeable regions 254. Thus, the resulting saturated web 240 is devoid of saturant in certain portions aligned with the impermeable regions 252, is saturated to a greater extent in portions aligned with the permeable regions 254, and is saturated to a lesser extent in portions aligned with the semi-permeable regions 253. This can be of great advantage, for example, in conjunction with containers which are to have a high degree of saturation in the sidewalls, a low degree of saturation in the bend lines between adjacent sidewalls, and substantially no saturation in the end panels. The stencil 250 of FIG. 7 is suitable for such an application. The precise size and spacing of the openings of the semi-permeable regions 253 can be varied widely. However, in many cases it is preferable to have the openings sufficiently closely spaced such that the saturant is distributed across the entire portion of the web 240 aligned with th semi-permeable regions 253, rather than being localized into individual spots.
The extended exits 222 shown in FIG. 6 defines a chamber depth which is substantially equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the belts 230,232, the web 240, and the stencil 250. The length of the extended exit 222 along the direction of motion of the web 240 is preferably greater than the separation between two adjacent semi-permeable regions 253 along the direction of motion of the stencil 250. In this way, the pressure drop across a single one of the semi-permeable regions 253 is reduced, and the tendency to stretch the stencil 250 is reduced as well.
Of course, it should be understood that a wide range of changes and modifications can be made to the saturators described above. For example, it is not necessary in all embodiments that a converging chamber be used. Rather, a non-converging chamber of the type shown in Penley U.S. Pat. No. 2,711,032 is well suited for some applications. Furthermore, the particular geometry of the stencil can readily be adapted for the particular application. In the saturator described above, the stencil is formed of a sheet of stainless steel. However, other materials can be used as appropriate for the particular application. Pattern-Forming Saturators Without Stencils
Each of the saturators of FIGS. 1-9 utilizes a stencil to prevent the saturant from contacting selected portions of the web being saturated. In contrast, the saturators of FIGS. 10-16 provide increased saturation of desired portions of the web without the use of a stencil. FIGS. 10-16 show various views of four separate saturators, each of which is similar in important respects to one of the four saturators described above.
Turning now to FIGS. 10 and 11, these figures show two views of saturator 10' which is similar to the saturator 10 of FIG. 1. The mandrel 12 and entrance and exit rolls 30, 32 of FIG. 10 are identical to those described above in conjunction with FIG. 1. However, the chamber defining element 16' of FIG. 10, which is shown in perspective view in FIG. 11, differs in that it defines two spaced parallel grooves 17, one located at each side of the chamber defining element 16'. A raised surface 19 is disposed between the grooves 17. The chamber 18 converges in the region of the raised surface 19, thereby pressurizing the saturant in the region aligned with the raised surface 19 as described above. However, the chamber 18 does not converge towards the exit region 22 in the portion of the chamber 18 aligned with the grooves 17. For this reason, each of the grooves 17 defines a reduced pressure zone in which the saturant is pressurized to a lesser extent than in the high pressure zone aligned with the raised surface 19. In general, it is important that the chamber converge to a lesser extent in the region of the grooves 17 than in the region of the raised surface 19 in order to reduce the saturant pressure in the region of the grooves 17 as compared with saturant pressure in the region of the raised surface 19. In some embodiments it may actually be preferred to cause the grooves 17 to deepen progressively such that the chamber diverges in the region of the grooves 17 in the direction of the exit region.
The saturator of FIGS. 10 and 11 provides selective saturation in a remarkably simple and effective manner. The portion of the web aligned with the raised surface 19 is impregnated in precisely the manner described above in conjunction with FIG. 1. That is, movement of the web through the chamber creates a self-pressurizing action which pressurizes the saturant in the region of the raised surface 19, thereby forcing the saturant into the web 40. However, the portions of the chamber aligned with the grooves 17 do not converge in the direction of the exit region and therefore do not pressurize the saturant. The grooves 17 are open so as to allow saturant to flow freely out of the grooves at the exit region. This reduced saturant pressure significantly reduces or even eliminates the amount of saturant which is forced into the porous web.
By properly adjusting the depth of the grooves 17, the degree of saturation of the part of the web aligned with the grooves 17 can be adjusted as compared with the degree of saturation of the part of the web aligned with the raised surface 19. Even though the entire web is exposed to the saturant in the chamber, the degree of impregnation varies in accordance with the pressurization of the saturant, and in this way selective, patterned saturation is provided by the saturator of FIGS. 10 and 11. For example, the chamber may converge in both the regions aligned with the raised surface 19 and the grooves 17, but the grooves 17 may be shaped such that the degree of saturation of the web aligned with the grooves 17 is only 1% or 10% or 50% of that of the web aligned with the raised surface 19. In general, it is preferable to maintain the depth of the chamber over the raised surface 19 at a low value to provide a relatively sharp line of division between the saturation levels in parts of the web aligned with the raised surface 19 and the grooves 17.
The saturator of FIGS. 12 and 13 does not include a stencil, but is otherwise quite similar to the saturator of FIGS. 4 and 5. The same reference numerals have been used in FIGS. 12 and 13 as in FIGS. 4 and 5 for comparable elements, and the description of these comparable elements will not be repeated here.
In operation, the raised surfaces 184 of the insert 180 create correspondingly positioned high pressure zones in which the web 140 is impregnated with the saturant as described above. The grooves 182 of the insert 180 form low pressure zones, in which the chamber does not converge as sharply toward the exit region as in the high pressure zone, and in which the saturant is pressurized to a lesser extent. As explained above, this reduced pressurization of the saturant reduces impregnation of the saturant into corresponding portions of the web. Thus, the portions of the web 140 which pass over the grooves 182 are saturated to a much lesser extent than the portions of the web 140 which pass over the raised surfaces 184.
FIG. 13 shows a one-piece insert 180 which defines both the grooves 182 and the raised surfaces 184. FIG. 14 shows a variant which is quite similar to the variant of FIG. 7 described above. In the saturator of FIG. 14 the raised surfaces are defined by separate inserts 180', and the grooves are defined between the inserts 180'. As explained above, this approach provides a simple, modular system which allows the geometry of the grooves and the raised surfaces to be modified simply and efficiently. In operation, the saturator of FIG. 14 provides patterned saturation in the same manner as the saturators of FIG. 10 and 12.
FIG. 15 shows a schematic view of a saturator 200' which is similar to the saturator 200 of FIG. 8. However, the saturator 200' does not include a stencil 250, a lower drive belt 232, or associated rollers, drive systems and cleaning systems. FIG. 16 shows a perspective view of the lower chamber defining element 214'. As shown in FIG. 16, this lower chamber defining element 214' defines a plurality of raised surfaces 217 separated by grooves 215 of gradually increasing depth in the direction of the trailing edge 219.
The saturator of FIG. 15 provides selective saturation as described above. The chamber 216 defined between the upper and lower chamber defining elements 212, 214' converges over the raised surfaces 217 such that movement of the web through the chamber 216 pressurizes the saturant over the raised surfaces 217. The chamber 216 does not converge in the region of the grooves 215 and a low pressure zone is formed over each of the grooves 215. For this reason, the web passing through the saturator is selectively impregnated with a greater amount of saturant in the regions of the web aligned with the raised surfaces 217 and with a lesser amount of saturant in the regions aligned with the grooves 215.
Of course, it should be understood that a wide range in changes and modifications can be made to the saturators described above. For example, in some applications it may be preferable to provide drainage openings in the chamber defining element in the region of the grooves so as further to reduce saturant pressure. In this way, saturant can be prevented from contacting portions of the web if desired. Furthermore, in some applications may be preferable to form the grooves on the mandrel or other chamber defining element situated on the side of the porous web opposite the saturant. As explained above, the precise geometry of the grooves may vary both with respect to the depth profile and the width of the grooves. If desired, the grooves may be shaped such that the chambers converge in both the low pressure zone and the high pressure zone in order to provide lower and higher degrees of saturation of the web, respectively.
It is therefore intended that the foregoing detailed description be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting, and that it can be understood that it is the following claims, including all equivalents, which are intended to define the scope of this invention.
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|Methods and apparatus for making and bonding nonwoven fabrics
|8 Nov 1965
|1 Abr 1969
|Minnesota Mining & Mfg
|Flock-coated substrate and method of making the same
|24 Jun 1971
|13 Nov 1973
|Stork Amsterdam
|Method for stiffening a web-shaped fleece of fibrous material
|11 Abr 1972
|19 Mar 1974
|Kimberly Clark Co
|Disposable tissue with controlled wet break-up
|28 Ene 1980
|28 Jul 1981
|Vepa Ag
|Apparatus for the continuous wet treatment of liquid-permeable textile material or the like
|17 Oct 1984
|13 May 1986
|Miply Equipment Inc.
|Method and apparatus for pressure saturation of substrate
|15 Ago 1985
|5 Mar 1986
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|Method and apparatus for pressure saturation of substrate
|Patente citante
|Fecha de presentación
|Fecha de publicación
|18 Oct 1989
|10 Mar 1992
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|Method and apparatus for pattern impregnation of paper and other non-woven web
|5 Mar 1991
|31 Mar 1992
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|Application device
|31 Jul 1995
|25 Nov 1997
|Vits Maschinenbau Gmbh
|Arrangement for impregnating webs of porous material
|5 Feb 1996
|16 Ene 2001
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|Device for impregnation of webs of porous materials
|12 Nov 1998
|27 Feb 2001
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|Partially impregnated lignocellulosic materials
|9 Dic 1999
|3 Abr 2001
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|Strengthening compositions and treatments for lignocellulosic materials
|19 Dic 1997
|17 Abr 2001
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|Controlled coverage additive application
|19 Dic 1997
|15 May 2001
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|Uncreped throughdried tissue with controlled coverage additive
|17 Dic 1999
|28 Ago 2001
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|Methods for the reduction of bleeding of lignosulfonates from lignosulfonate-treated substrates
|31 Ene 2001
|23 Oct 2001
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|Clasificación de EE.UU.
|427/286, 427/439, 118/419, 427/434.3, 427/288, 118/410, 427/434.5
|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
|Clasificación europea
|29 May 1987
Owner name: MIPLY EQUIPMENT, INC., SOUTH BEND, IN., A CORP. OF
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:LONG, ELIOT R.;REEL/FRAME:004716/0739
Effective date: 19870519
|6 Feb 1990
|Certificate of correction
|4 Feb 1991
Owner name: WILLIAN BRINKS OLDS HOFER GILSON & LIONE, NBC TOWE
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MIPLY EQUIPMENT, INC.;REEL/FRAME:005589/0530
Effective date: 19910118
|28 Oct 1991
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|26 Nov 1991
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|5 Dic 1995
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|29 Mar 1996
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|29 Mar 1996
|Surcharge for late payment
|16 Nov 1999
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|12 Abr 2000
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|12 Abr 2000
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text:
One woman in the United Kingdom got the best present ever at her baby shower — her own baby! As reported by the Hull Daily Mail, Anna Smith gave birth to her baby girl during her shower, with her friends acting as impromptu midwives.
With two weeks left until she reached her due date, the 33-year-old woman thought that she had plenty of time to celebrate with her friends and family before the baby arrived. Her shower at home was going along great until she started to feel cramps at around 2:30 p.m. Thinking that it was nothing more than a stomachache, she went upstairs to rest. At 3:30 p.m., her friends went up to check on her, only to discover that she was actually having contractions every six minutes!
A call to the hospital told them that she should come in when her contractions were three minutes apart. What no one knew was how quickly Smith's labor would progress. Unlike other women whose labors typically stretch out for hours, Smith went from contractions every six minutes to crowning within minutes. One friend called emergency services and repeated out instructions while the other two assisted the laboring woman. One friend used her experience of giving birth only five months ago to help out. By 4:10 p.m., the little girl, named Martha, was born, after just "a few pushes."
Imagine the shock the guests downstairs felt when they heard the newborn's first cry! By the time the first responders arrived to the scene, the baby was already snuggled up against her mom's chest, surrounded by her family. Her grandma cut her umbilical cord.
The new mom is still trying to digest her crazy birth story. She jokes that her bridesmaids turned into her midwives.
"When I'd first started having stomach pains, a few of us were joking saying 'oh, haha, what if the baby came today?' But I never thought in a million years it would come true," she said.
What an amazing way to come into the world! Little Martha just couldn't wait to come into the world did she? Perhaps, she heard all the excitement and wanted to experience the party herself!
Since the new mom missed out on experiencing her baby shower in its entirety, perhaps her friends and family could throw her another party, such as a sip n' see. Hopefully, Martha doesn't give her mom any more big surprises and she'll actually get to enjoy it!
Did you give birth way before you thought you would? Tell us in the comments below!
Photo credit: Flickr
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
'Iron Will' movie cast takes ride into past for 20th anniversary
By Peter Passi
Forum News Service
Nearly 20 years after Disney came to Duluth to shoot "Iron Will," cast and crew members reunited for a special commemorative screening of the film at the Depot on Sunday evening.
Before the lights dimmed and the projector whirred, however, people involved in the production joined the film's star, Mackenzie Astin, for a brief excursion to Lakeside aboard a well-appointed railcar pulled by the old Duluth and Northern Minnesota Steam Locomotive No. 14, a train featured prominently in the film about a dogsled race.
Bill DeRoche, a conductor for the North Shore Scenic Railroad who participated in the film, fondly recalled one particularly trying shoot in 18-below-zero weather. The crew was having trouble with the scene, featuring actor David Ogden Stiers - perhaps best known for his portrayal of Major Charles Emerson Winchester III in the TV series "MASH." After repeated unsuccessful takes, DeRoche spoiled one with a cough.
A frustrated Stiers barked angrily at DeRoche, who waited patiently for his opportunity to later offer a zinger as a retort.
The next time Stiers started to lose his temper, DeRoche, a Knife River resident, was quick to respond with a taunt of his own.
"When the bats in your belfry begin to flap, and there's no one home in the top of your dome, your head's not a head but a nut," he quipped.
A surprised but bemused Stiers replied: "My word! I've been had by a backwoodsman."
Karl Randa of Duluth landed a part as Thordur Thorenson, an Icelandic musher in the dogsled race at the center of the movie's plot. An employee of the federal prison system, he recalls talking his warden into granting him leave of about four months so he could participate in the film. The role seemed tailor-made for Randa, who had studied theater in college and had also taken up dogsledding, with 13 huskies of his own.
"My best memory from the film is all the personal friendships I developed," he said, recalling nightly dinners with Astin, Kevin Spacey and other cast members. Randa said he came to think of Astin as a younger brother.
"Being a guy from Duluth, I didn't know what to expect from the other actors. But they were so down to earth and really very humble," he said.
Astin said he welcomed the opportunity to reunite with former cast members and participate in the festivities at this year's Duluth Superior Film Festival.
"It's nice to get out of L.A. for a change," he said. "I haven't back to Duluth in 19 years, since the premiere."
Astin came to Duluth about one month before they began to shoot the movie and attended a 10-day mushing camp to learn the basics of a sport that was new to him.
"All I had to do was hang on and let the dogs do the work. I'm from L.A., so letting someone else do all my work came pretty natural for me," he joked.
Bill Schandel, who then worked as operations manager of the Lake Superior Railroad Museum, said the 2½ months of rental fees collected during the shooting of Iron Will really helped bolster the coffers of the nonprofit organization.
He described the experience of working on the film as an eye-opener.
"It was fascinating to see, but afterward you never quite look at another movie the same way. You become a little jaded," Schandel said, reflecting on all the techniques employed to deceive viewers. He recalled white foam being deployed to make trees look like a heavy fresh snow had just fallen on them.
Another cast extra recalled the crew using potato flakes to substitute for snow. That technique had its drawbacks, however, as some of the sled dogs developed a taste for the fake flakes.
Ken Buehler, general manager of the North Shore Scenic Railroad, said there were silver linings to be found even in misfortune during filming. The extreme cold took a particularly tough toll on the Duluth, Missabe & Iron Range Railway Business Car Northland, circa 1916. The well-appointed all-steel executive Pullman car had been meticulously hand-painted so steel panels appeared to be rich mahogany paneling. As the metal expanded and contracted with wide temperature swings during filming, that paint gave way, and a painting specialist spent months working to restore the car to its original condition after the shooting ended. Disney footed the roughly $100,000 bill.
That same carefully reconditioned car was back in action Sunday afternoon, as Iron Will's cast and crew shared cocktails, hors d'oeuvres and stories aboard it, all the while chugging toward their special reunion screening.


text:
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Our Sirocco hard shell cases are modern, lightweight, stylish and available in a range of striking colours. If you prefer to travel with a fabric case, you will find the right match for you in our Megalite collection With a hi-tech push button system, plenty of spacious interior pockets and special base structure for added stability, you can fly through the airport in no time.
With competitive, low prices and free delivery when you spend over £45, why pay more for quality suitcases when you can pick up a quality cheap luggage set at TJ Hughes?


text:
- This classes and events has passed.
Gentle Yoga with Amy Merritt
September 15, 2016 @ 11:00 am - 12:15 pm
|Recurring Classes and Events (See all)
An event every week that begins at 11:00am on Thursday, repeating indefinitely
Be good to yourself! Gentle Yoga is the perfect class for beginners of all stripes as well as seniors and students dealing with health issues and/or recovering from illness or surgery. Also appropriate for those who are new to yoga or exercise. Students are lead through basic yoga poses and are often supported using props. Breathing and meditation techniques round out this wonderful, healing practice.


text:
Pro: A $10 hourly minimum wage would narrow chasm between working poor and their bosses
There are numerous ways to address the issue of economic inequality�an issue that has gained traction as the Occupy movement has spread beyond Wall Street. I believe we can do something to raise the wages of our lowest-paid workers right now.
I recently saw a chart that demonstrates what�s been going on in the economy; the rich are getting richer, and the rest of us are getting poorer. It showed that the ratio of CEO pay to worker pay was 42 to 1 in 1980�with the average CEO making $1.6 million. That ratio climbed to 107 to 1 in 1990�with the average CEO making $3.3 million. By 2010 that ratio had soared to 325 to 1�with the average CEO making $10.8 million. With that kind of hindsight, 1980 doesn�t look so bad.
Raising the minimum wage is one of those lightning rod issues on which liberals and conservatives often disagree. But the division isn�t just ideological�it�s also mathematical and historical.
In 1968, the federal minimum wage stood at $1.60 an hour. If workers were earning the same amount in today�s dollars, adjusting for inflation, they would be paid over $10 per hour, not the current $7.25 per hour. During that same time, median household income has risen roughly 14 percent while the value of the minimum wage has fallen 30 percent.
The solution is obvious: Congress should restore the minimum wage to its historic purchasing power by raising it to $10 per hour. It would enable low-wage employees to be rewarded for their hard work. It would also help boost the economy by getting income into the hands of those most likely to spend it, thereby creating additional demand that businesses sorely need during this shaky economic recovery.
And it is also time to remove this issue from the whims of our whimsical Congress by indexing it to automatically increase to keep pace with inflation. Both Republican front-runner Mitt Romney and President Barack Obama have indicated support for this approach.
We know that some opposition to raising the minimum wage is rooted in the erroneous belief that it increases unemployment.
Yet we have real world experience of past federal increases, numerous increases at the state level and academic studies conducted by noted economists from every region of the country providing solid evidence that there is no corresponding increase in unemployment that accompanies modest increases in the minimum wage.
On Jan. 1, 2012, eight states raised their �indexed� minimum wages to adjust for inflation. The Economic Policy Institute estimates that more than 1 million workers benefited directly from these increases.
Additionally, as employers restructure their wage-scales, almost 400,000 more workers earning slightly more than minimum wage, will benefit. That is good for them, and that is good for our economy. Especially since these are not just teenagers working part time�the Census Bureau says they are only 12 percent of the workforce�but adults working more than part time.
Who benefits when the minimum wage erodes in value? Low-road employers, who compete by paying wages well below the federal poverty line. In addition, taxpayers end up subsidizing these low-road businesses because low-wage workers are forced to rely on Medicaid, food assistance and other safety net programs.
Finally, polling shows that the public overwhelmingly supports increasing and indexing the minimum wage. Lopsided margins across all demographic groups and both political parties understand that this would benefit the economy. It may not reach 99 percent, but it has higher support in the polls than the current Congress. Of course, it also has the advantage of being the right thing to do.
Don Kusler is the director of Working Families Win for Americans for Democratic Action. Readers may write to him at ADA, 1625 K Street NW, Suite 102, Washington, D.C. 20006; website: www.adaction.org.
Last updated: 8:12 pm Thursday, December 13, 2012


text:
Homosexuality, birth order, and evolution: towards a equilibrium reproductive economics of homosexuality
The survival of a human predisposition for homosexuality can be explained by sexual orientation being a polygenetic trait that is influenced by a number of genes. During development these shift male brain development in the female direction. Inheritance of several such alleles produces homosexuality. Single alleles make for greater sensitivity, empathy, tendermindedness, and kindness. These traits make heterosexual carriers of the genes better fathers and more attractive mates. There is a balanced polymorphism in which the feminizing effect of these alleles in heterosexuals offsets the adverse effects (on reproductive success) of these alleles contribution to homosexuality. A similar effect probably occurs for genes that can produce lesbianism in females. The whole system survives because it serves to provide a high degree of variability among the personalities of offspring, providing the genotype with diversification, and reducing competition among offspring for the same niches. An allele with a large effect can survive in these circumstances in males, but it is less likely to survive in females. The birth order effect on homosexuality is probably a byproduct of a biological mechanism that shifts personalities more in the feminine direction in the later born sons, reducing the probability of these sons engaging in unproductive competition with each other.
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|44 pages
|Date of creation:
|23 Feb 1999
|Contact details of provider:
| Postal: New Orleans, Louisiana 70148
Phone: (504) 280-6485
Web page: http://www.uno.edu/~coba/econ/index.html
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text:
SAN ANTONIO, TX - January 08, 2013 - Tesoro Corporation (NYSE: TSO) today announced that it will cease refining operations at its Kapolei refinery during April of this year, and begin the process of converting the refinery to an import, storage and distribution terminal. Tesoro Hawaii is committed to maintaining its focus on safe and environmentally sound operations during the shutdown and conversion process.
Tesoro Hawaii will maintain the existing distribution system to support marketing operations and fulfill its supply commitments while continuing to offer the terminal, distribution and retail assets for sale. Upon conversion of the refinery to an import, storage and distribution terminal, Tesoro Hawaii believes third party utilization of the terminal and associated logistics will facilitate ongoing supplies of refined products.
Tesoro expects to report one-time charges in the fourth quarter 2012 related to the conversion of the refinery to a terminal, including charges for asset impairment and asset retirement obligations. The one-time charges are estimated to be $1.00 - $1.10 per share. The Company also expects to realize between $300 million and $350 million in cash by the end of 2013, driven by a reduction in working capital needs as a result of this conversion.
About Tesoro
Tesoro Corporation, a Fortune 150 company, is an independent refiner and marketer of petroleum products. Tesoro, through its subsidiaries, operates seven refineries in the western United States with a combined capacity of approximately 675,000 barrels per day. Tesoro's retail-marketing system includes nearly 1,390 branded retail stations, of which over 595 are company operated under the Tesoro®, Shell® and USA Gasoline(TM) brands.
This press release contains certain statements that are "forward-looking" statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 concerning the ongoing supply of refined products, the one-time accounting charges related to the conversion and expectations for cash generated from the reduction of working capital. For more information concerning factors that could affect these statements see our annual report on Form 10-K and quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We undertake no obligation to publicly release the result of any revisions to any such forward-looking statements that may be made to reflect events or circumstances that occur, or which we become aware of, after the date hereof.
Louie Rubiola
Tesoro Media Line
The owner of this announcement warrants that:
(i) the releases contained herein are protected by copyright and other applicable laws; and
(ii) they are solely responsible for the content, accuracy and originality of the
information contained therein.
Source: Tesoro Corporation via Thomson Reuters ONE


text:
Social Question
What movie based on a book have you found to be most accurate to the text?
Admittedly, most of my movie-based-on-book knowledge is Stephen King. And really, Stephen King's books are not easily translated to movies. But I'm always dumbfounded by some of the discrepancies that are totally needless. (For instance, in the case of The Shining: The movie was room 237, the book 217. Wendy Torrance was blonde in the book, black hair in the movie. Hallorrann was bald in the movie, and had an afro in the book. Things like that)
There are some that come close, but in my experience, movies widely needlessly disregard the simplest of things from the book they are based on, which then ruins the movie (or in some cases, if I see the movie first, takes away from the book)
I'm currently reading The Exorcist by William Peter Blatty and holy cow. So many things in the movie are taken verbatim from the book. Entire chunks of dialogue. Even the description of Father Merrin standing in the beam of light looking up at Regan's window… the famous picture from the movie… it's described exactly that way in the book. I'm shocked. It almost feels like the book was possibly written based on the movie.
What is the most accurate movie based on a book that you've seen?


text:
Boxed vs Download
View Single Post
October 4th, 2007, 18:01
I vote boxed. How could download possibly be faster unless you live in the boondocks? Nowadays game sizes are in the 1-4 GB (or more) range. That takes a long long time to download, even with a very fast connection. I live in a relatively small place and I could find almost any game that I want at Best Buy or Wal-Mart and be home in less than 45 minutes. And then once you have the boxed copy, you can just re-install it instead of having to wait to download it again. I just re-installed Half-Life 2: Episode 1 in less 10 minutes last night. It would have probably taken me hours to download it. Not to mention, downloaded games always have some kind of bullshit digital rights management associated with them that boxed copies don't have. Add on top of that, most of the prices on Steam are a ripoff.
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text: So last week I bought an extra standing rib roast for prime rib since they were on sale. 7 1/4 lbs. or so, planning on smoking it for NY eve dinner. I took it out of the freezer first thing yesterday (Wed) morning and put in my refrigerator. This morning it still seems rock hard. My hope is to have it mostly thawed out by Friday (tomorrow) night, so I can put some rub on it and wrap it up, but I can do that on Saturday morning too. I don't plan on starting the smoke until about 3:30 - 4 pm on Saturday, planning on eating around 9 pm. Does anyone know how long this should take to defrost, or was I too late in taking it out? Is it safe to leave it out of the refrigerator to help defrost for a few hours? Or do I stick it back in the freezer and go get a fresh one (for about $2 more per lb)? Thanks.


text:
Oil was little changed near $88 a barrel Wednesday in Asia ahead of weekly U.S. crude inventory figures that give a reading on the state of near-term demand for fuel.
Benchmark crude for September delivery was down 31 cents at $88.14 a barrel at midafternoon Bangkok time in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange. The contract rose 36 cents to end Tuesday at $88.50 per barrel in New York.
Brent crude was down 24 cents at $103.18 on the ICE futures exchange in London.
The price of oil has fallen from near $106 a barrel nearly three months ago as the world's major economies slow in unison. Europe is mired in its deepening debt crisis, China's breakneck growth has waned and the U.S. recovery has stumbled.
Data Tuesday from China suggested that stimulus measures are starting to help manufacturers but the global economy is not out of the woods and remains vulnerable to further shocks from Europe.
The U.S. Department of Energy is set to release weekly fuel stockpile figures on Wednesday. Data from the American Petroleum Institute on Tuesday suggested that the DOE figures will show a rise in U.S. crude inventories, which would suggest demand remains weak.
Energy analysts at The Schork Report said an increase in inventories is likely to keep oil under $90 a barrel this week.
In other energy futures trading, natural gas was down 2.5 cents at $3.162 per 1,000 cubic feet. Gasoline fell 1.7 cents to $2.709 a gallon and heating oil dropped 1 cent to $2.816 a gallon.


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text:
The New Orleans Saints are coming off a 31-17 home win against the Detroit Lions. They jumped out to an early 24-7 lead before the Lions cut the deficit to 24-17 early in the fourth quarter before a Drew Brees to Darren Sproles touchdown pass extended the lead to fourteen points.
As I've seen some or all of something like nine games the Saints have played this year, my observations will be based on everything I've seen, not just last Sunday's game against Detroit. After the jump, my thoughts on the Saints.
- Drew Brees is the best quarterback the Titans have faced this season. No real surprise there. The kind of gameplan Ben Roethlisberger successfully executed for the Steelers in their win, I have a great deal of confidence Brees can successfully execute. Quick and accurate passes will find holes in the Titans' zone coverages, and he can make the kind of throws that beat man coverage as well. He doesn't have a gun like Roethlisberger, but he's still a good deep ball thrower.
- The Saints do an excellent job of surrounding Brees on offense with the right parts. Brees is really short for an NFL quarterback, but the offensive line is designed to minimize that issue. They're particularly strong at guard, as Carl Nicks and Jahri Evans are both among the best at their position, and Brian De La Puente is slotting in nicely at center. The tackles, Bushrod and Strief, are vulnerable to speed rushers (not that that's a strength of the Titans) and outside rushers in general, but Brees does an excellent job of stepping up in the pocket. To disrupt Brees, the Titans need to get interior pressure from their defensive tackles. Karl Klug, I'm looking at you in particular.
- Jimmy Graham gets a ton of publicity for what he's doing at tight end, and while he's not the in-line blocker that the Patriots' Rob Gronkowski is, he deserves every bit of it for his receiving skills. He's big, fast, and a matchup nightmare. Most teams have beem matching up with a defensive back when he's in the game. It'd be really nice to have Jason McCourty back for this game. The Saints will flex Graham outside. He will drop the occasional pass, though, and killed a couple drives in the loss to the Rams that way.
- Darren Sproles is in my mind an even worse matchup for the Titans than Graham, as he might create issues for Keith Bulluck in his prime and the Titans don't have a great athletic coverage linebacker. He doesn't run downfield routes like Marshall Faulk did for the Mike Martz Rams, but is instead a versatile chess piece for Sean Payton to move around. He's also not a liability running between the tackles like Reggie Bush was.
- Marques Colston functionally is a kind of guy who for most of his career did the kind of thing Nate Washington did when Kenny Britt was in the lineup: running what I think of as interior routes from more of a slot position. I think a big thing for the Titans' defensively this year has been moving Finnegan inside to the slot in nickel situations this year, and I actually like his ability to matchup against Colston.
- I've never been able to decide if either Devery Henderson or Robert Meachem is a really good player in his own right or a decent player who's in a very good situation. Both guys can burn you, especially deep, but the offense clearly goes through Graham, Colston, Lance Moore, and Sproles before it goes through them.
- Mark Ingram's turf toe may keep him out of this weekend's game, but the Saints are perfectly capable of having an effective running game with Sproles, Pierre Thomas, and Chris Ivory. Well, more Sproles and Thomas than Ivory, in my eyes.
- The defensive line has not really impressed me. They're vulnerable against the run and have trouble winning 1v1 in the pass rush. I used to be a big fan of DE Will Smith, but don't see him as more than a complementary rusher at best at this point in his career. The Saints are a below-average team at bringing down the quarterback (they're 23rd in Adjusted Sack Rate), and what pressure they get tends to be schemed.
- As blah as the defensive line is, the linebackers in particular are unimpressive. I used to think Jonathan Vilma was good, but he's looked awful at times this year against both the run and the pass. I've never thought too fondly of Scott Shanle. The strongside linebacker, Jo-Lonn Dunbar, is by far my favorite, and I kind of like him as an SLB against the run and in Williams' blitzes, but am not particularly fond of him in coverage. Counters toward Shanle is what I want to see.
- The weaknesses in the secondary are cornerback Patrick Robinson when he's in the game (Jabari Greer and Tracy Porter are the starters) and, especially, strong safety Roman Harper. In the Seahawks' playoff upset last year, Hasselbeck a number of times took advantage of Harper's alleged defensive responsibility, and I'd look for him to do the same thing this week.
Bottom line: the Saints are an elite and creative passing offense, a good run offense that works off the passing game, and a defense that when it's at its most effective is opportunistic rather than good. If Chris Johnson runs like he has the past two weeks, I think he could have another big day against the Saints, but it won't matter because the Titans' pass defense will be in smoking ruins. With the Titans playing at home, the line is probably something reasonable (apparently NO -3.5), but I see the Saints winning this game by double-digits.


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WISCONSIN SPORTS BRIEFS: Packers reportedly sign Vince Young
GREEN BAY - The Green Bay Packers have reportedly signed veteran quarterback Vince Young to a one-year deal for the veterans' minimum of $840,000.
Various media reports said the Packers called Young's agent after Number-three quarterback B.J. Coleman threw a pair of interceptions during Saturday's Family Night scrimmage. It was a sign that the Packers want Aaron Rodgers' back-up to be more experienced. Graham Harrell served as Rodgers' only back-up a year ago. The 30-year-old Young reportedly auditioned for the Packers yesterday. He's a six-year NFL veteran with Tennessee and Philadelphia. Young did not play last season, after the Buffalo Bills cut him at the end of their training camp. His best year was in 2010, with 10 touchdown passes and three interceptions for the Eagles with a 98.6 passer rating. The Packers did not practice yesterday, and team officials were not available for interviews.
The Packers have still not confirmed that left tackle Bryan Bulaga tore an ACL knee ligament on Saturday night – and that he appears to be out for the year. The Green Bay Press-Gazette says rookie David Bakhtiari has the best chance of replacing Bulaga on the left side, which means that Marshall Newhouse would stay at right tackle. Bakhtiari, a fourth-round rookie, has impressed the coaches during the first week-plus of Training Camp. The Packers return to practice today. Their first exhibition game is on Friday night at home against Arizona.
The University of Wisconsin preseason football camp opened yesterday, with quarterbacks Curt Phillips and Joel Stave getting most of the work with the top two units. Junior college transfer Tanner McEvoy and freshman Bart Houston received limited work. Coach Gary Andersen said the quarterbacks generally threw well in drills – but the scrimmage showed that they have a lot of work to do. Redshirt freshman Leo Musso practiced with the Number-One defense opposite safety Dezmen Southward. Musso was moved from the running back position in the spring. Andersen said he would look at four-or-five players at the safety spot. Still, he had high praise for Musso, calling him a well-rounded athlete with the smarts and the instincts to do everything a safety needs to do.
The Milwaukee Brewers fell apart in the eighth inning last night and lost at San Francisco 4-2. The game was tied at one when John Axford threw over catcher Jonathan Lucroy's head on an intentional walk, putting runners at the corners. Michael Gonzalez then came in and walked Brandon Belt to load the bases. The Brewers then called in rookie Rob Wooten, who gave up the game-winning hit when Jeff Franceour singled to left. A two-run error by Jeff Bianchi at third capped the Giants' three-run rally. Juan Francisco hit a solo homer in the ninth. He also drove in Milwaukee's other run in the seventh with a ground-rule double. Hunter Pence walked three times and scored the Giants' deciding run. The Crew's late meltdown ruined a solid start by Tyler Thornburg, who gave up just one unearned run in six innings on seven hits, a pair of walks, and four strikeouts. Axford took the loss, Milwaukee's fourth in its last five games. He's now 5-5. Santiago Castilla got the win in relief for San Francisco. He's 5-2. Sergio Romo got his 27th save. The Brewers and Giants will play again tonight at AT&T Park. Right-hander Wily Peralta will face Giants' right-hander Matt Cain.
Former Brewers' outfield prospect Nelson Cruz of Texas is among 12 players who accepted 50-game suspensions yesterday for their roles in the Bio-Genesis PED matter. The 33-year-old Cruz said he expects to return to the Rangers in time for the playoffs. Texas holds one of the two American League Wild Cards at the moment, and is two games behind first-place Oakland in the AL West. Cruz called his PED use an "error in judgment." He said a gastro-intestinal infection made him 40-pounds underweight when he reported to Spring Training in 2012 – and he turned to a banned substance to bulk up. Cruz said he should have handled the matter differently. He was in the Milwaukee minor league organization when the Brewers traded him to Texas in 2006, in a deal that brought closer Francisco Cordero to Milwaukee. Cruz is now in his ninth big league season. He's a two-time All-Star, and was the MVP of the 2011 American League Championship Series. Cruz is a free agent at the end of this season.
In a suspension not related to Bio-Genesis, Brewers' minor league pitcher William West was given 50 games off yesterday for a second violation of the Minor League drug program. The 20-year-old West was part of the Brewers' Arizona League rookie team, after he signed in 2011 as an undrafted free agent. He had no record in three games for Arizona, with a 5.06 ERA.
Jordan Niebrugge of Mequon said he looks forward to some time off before he plays in the U.S. Amateur next week in Brookline, Massachusetts. The 20-year-old Niebrugge has won three notable tournaments in the last three weeks, after claiming the Western Amateur Championship yesterday in Arkansas. Niebrugge returned home yesterday and said he felt wiped out after Sunday's semi-finals. He expects to get a little practice time in this week. Niebrugge, who will be a sophomore at Oklahoma State this fall, won the State Amateur two weeks ago, and the U.S. Amateur Public Links title the week before that. He has played in 20 tournament rounds since mid-July, and he's 55-under par in that stretch.
Madison golfer Steve Stricker fell two places to 13th today in the new World Golf Rankings. Stricker finished 13th over the weekend at the World Golf Championships' Bridgestone Invitational. He'll be the only Wisconsin regular in the P-G-A Championship, which opens on Thursday in Rochester New York.
Scores: In Major League Baseball…
San Francisco 4, Milwaukee 2
Chicago White Sox 8, New York Yankees 1
Kansas City 13, Minnesota 0
Detroit 4, Cleveland 2
In the Midwest League…
Wisconsin 6, Beloit 5
Quad Cities 6, Cedar Rapids 2
Clinton 12, Kane County 4
Peoria 9, Burlington 8
South Bend 8, Bowling Green 7 in 15 innings
Fort Wayne 2, Lansing 0
Lake County 11, Great Lakes 4
Dayton 5, West Michigan 4 in 13 innings
In the Northwoods League…
Lakeshore 3, La Crosse 1
Eau Claire 4, Battle Creek 1
Madison 4, Wisconsin Rapids 3
Green Bay 3, Wisconsin 1
Waterloo 6, Alexandria 4 in 10 innings
Duluth 12, Mankato 6
Rochester 14, Thunder Bay 1
Willmar 11, Saint Cloud 3


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What is Seeding?
Seeding is a process wherein a complete file or torrent may be connected to and uploaded by other people. A torrent or Bit torrent is a new protocol that involves faster file sharing. It involves peer to peer type of file transfer wherein files may be shared through uploading or downloading with many people, at the same time. Unlike usual file transfers that involve only one source, Bit Torrent allows for multiple file sharing from multiple sources.
The process of seeding only starts when one peer is able to download the complete file. Like when a particular user is downloading a music file, he/she will be needing seeders of that particular music file to continue with the download. When this user is done with his own download, he now has the option to share this file with others for them to download. This is the seeding part and this will only take place when a particular torrent file is complete.
Using the example above, users may also have the option not to share the music file which was completely downloaded. Meaning, users may choose not to allow seeding of his/her music file. In this case, those who want the same music file need to find other peers who have the complete file. The more seeders are available, the faster will be the downloading of the file. This is because in Bit torrent technology, downloading of files may be sourced from multiple peers. And the great thing is that even if some seeders disconnect from the internet, the file download will still continue with the other available seeders. Again, this is possible because of Bit torrent protocol. In this new protocol, a particular file is divided into segments called pieces. Multiple "pieces" make up a whole file and these pieces may be sourced from different sources and peers. This is what makes file transfer through torrents much faster. Instead of having one source of all the file "pieces", other peers contribute to the network so more "pieces" are available for everyone to use/share.


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Joe Thornton wants to let you in on a little secret.
When it came to voting for the Lester B. Pearson Award, his choice was easy.
"I picked Jaromir Jagr," Thornton said during a phone interview this week. "I love the way he plays. He's so physical, yet he has so many skills."
The same could be said of Thornton.
That's why both men will be competing for a pair of prestigious NHL awards tomorrow in Vancouver.
Thornton, Jagr and electrifying rookie Alexander Ovechkin are finalists for the Pearson award, which goes to the player deemed to be MVP. Voting is done by the 700-plus players in the NHL.
Later in the day Thornton, Jagr and Calgary Flames goaltender Miikka Kiprusoff go head-to-head for the Hart Trophy, which is voted on by writers.
Thornton is adopting a humble "ah, shucks" attitude when asked about his chances of capturing either prize.
"I realize how prestigious each one is," said Thornton, a native of St. Thomas, Ont. "It's just an honour to be mentioned."
Jagr seemed to be the frontrunner in the season's early stages, igniting the New York Rangers to a Cinderella-like start.
But Thornton gained a lot of momentum after being dealt to the San Jose Sharks in a shocking deal with the Boston Bruins just two months into the 2005-06 campaign.
Thornton would go on to win the Art Ross Trophy as the league's top scorer, edging out Jagr by two points.
Yet there remain naysayers who claim Thornton fell under the radar of eastern-based Hart voters because he now plays on the west coast.
"I don't really believe that will be a factor, even though I don't pay much attention to such things," Thornton said.
"With the internet and all the different TV stations around, it's easy for people to keep up with what you are doing."


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BEIRUT, Lebanon, July 7 (UPI) -- Israel is sending a dangerous message in its continuous belligerence toward Lebanon as the country moves to form a new government, Beirut said.
Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu warned Beirut that Lebanon was accountable for any aggression by Hezbollah as it moves to join the next government following the June 7 parliamentary elections.
"We consider the Lebanese Cabinet a sovereign entity, and any attack launched against us from the Lebanese territory is (approved) by the government," Netanyahu said.
Israel and Hezbollah fought a bitter 34-day battle in 2006. Despite its label as an international terrorist organization, Hezbollah has secured a position in the Lebanese government through the March 8 opposition movement.
Presumptive Lebanese Prime Minister Saad Hariri lashed out at Netanyahu, calling on the international community to condemn his statements as evidence of continued Israeli violations of Lebanese sovereignty, the Lebanese Daily Star reports.
"Lebanon was the victim of Israeli aggression for many years in addition to their enduring occupation of the Shebaa Farms," said Hariri.
President Michel Suleiman, for his part, noted the Netanyahu statements amounted to meddling in Lebanese internal affairs and reminded Israel of its international obligations in regard to Beirut.
Lebanon has complained repeatedly that Israel continued to violate various U.N. mandates concerning Lebanese territory.


text: I just finished putting the binding on my granddaughter's twin quilt. Her birthday is May 1 so I got it made in plenty of time. I FMQ it on my home machine- not a good job but she will love it anyway. I am still practicing! She likes pink and zebra stripe. The color is not good taken with my cell phone. It is really hot pink!


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Crock Pot Peanut Butter Cup Cake
So this cake happened today.
Like realllly happened.
I started it.
I went to the pool and watched my kids do 40 million cannonballs.
I came home.
And waiting for me was a cake.
In a crock pot.
This is, in fact, real life.
And there are peanut butter cups involved.
Because I love you.
And after you eat this cake you will love me too.
Crock Pot Peanut Butter Cup Cake.
Did you hear me? IN A CROCK POT!
I'm caking like it's 1983.
Just mix up your ingredients.
And since we're in the 80's, let's start with a cake mix.
Then put it in your crock.
What a crock it is.
And wait a bunch of hours.
I suggest you get on with your life during this time.
Watching the crock pot work is a losing battle, folks.
After the longest 6 1/2 hours of our life you should eat.
With ice cream.
Good gosh almighty.
Crock Pot Peanut Butter Cup Cake
- 1 (18.25 oz) pkg chocolate cake mix
- 1 1/2 cups sour cream
- 1/2 cup peanut butter
- 1 (3 or 4 oz) pkg of instant chocolate pudding mix any size will be fine
- 1 cup mini peanut butter cups, or 1 cup chopped peanut butter cups
- 3/4 cup vegetable oil
- 4 eggs
- 1 cup water
- Spray crock pot with non stick spray. I used my 8 qt crock pot.
- Mix all ingredients together and pour in crock.
- Cover and cook on low for 6 1/2-7 hours until center is set.
- Serve warm with ice cream.
Cook times may vary slightly based on your crock pot…low on some might be higher than on others.
Also, the cake is very loose, more like a pudding-cake.
Leave a Reply
106 Comments on "Crock Pot Peanut Butter Cup Cake"
What the What???
I know how I'm starting my day tomorrow!!
I thought you were my heroine before…but oh no. It's now. AMAZING.
I've seen a couple different crock pot dessert recipes in the past day….all of a sudden, slow cookers in the summer. Hey, whatever it takes to make a fab dessert.
This looks so gooey and amazing…and wonderful!
Brilliant that you don't have to heat up the house on a hottttt day. YUM!
Which is AWESOME!
I'm on it. You are genius.
O.M.G. this looks amazing! I will be trying this!
Yuuuuuum! The crock pot cake idea is genius anyway but peanut butter chocolate is way better than the yellow cake/strawberry pie filling one I've been making!
This so sounds too good to be true! I can't wait to try it!
O freakin mazing! Must make this soon!
Such a great idea and looks amazing!
Yowzers!! This seriously rocks my world (does anyone even say that anymore?!), and I cannot wait to try it!!!
I must find more crock pot cakes! This is awesome!
Beat the heat and cook in a crock pot! I love coming home to food ready to eat in the crock pot and this would be the best thing to find in the crock pot!
I could not have dashed over any quicker from Pinterest!!! This is amazing with all that chocolate sauce. Smart in the crock pot!
Wow! You've outdone yourself…
Evil, I tell you. Brilliant, too.
I have never made dessert in my crockpot, but I am excited to give it a try! My crockpot is my favorite tool year round!
This looks amazballs! I also love that you have a Ziplist feature right on your site. I plan to make this over the 4th of July for our family reunion (mostly because I am afraid I will eat the entire cake if there are no witnesses).
If I did not already have some goodies to bring to my Bible Study this Friday I would so be bringing this! I'm looking forward to making it! My two favorite things- chocolate and peanut butter………..and it's not going to heat the house! YAH!
That is pure genius!!! And since we just got a pool pass I know what is going to happen the next pool day:-) So gooey and delicious looking!!!
The recipe is so cool!
My kids would think this is the coolest thing ever!
I neeeeeed this!! It looks so gooey and yummy and absolutely delicious!
O.M.G!! A dream!!
This could be the best thing to come home to!
I love cooking in my crockpot, especially the way it makes the house smell so "homey." I can't even imagine how good this must smell…for 6 1/2 hours!!!
The only word for this is WOW
oh no you didn't.
see it's stuff like this that makes me happy I have a crock pot, even if it sits in the basement, I so can bring it up to the kitchen. Yummy!
Oh please yes! I want to be small enough to swim in that.
I too want to go to the pool and come home to this!! Wow!
I feel I need to go buy a crockpot now…
best possibly use for a crock right there
Amazing!! I have to get out my crockpot for this one!
Slow cookers in the summer IS brilliant cause it doesn't heat the oven! I LOVE IT!
My children will love it, too…
Love this idea! Peanut Butter and Chocolate are my favorite so this is right up my alley!! Thanks for sharing. Megan
Holy heck! Crock pots rock! And for desserts? Nice!!!
I think I may have just passed and gone to heaven…ahhhhhhh
I can't wait to try it!! Thank you!! You rock!
Okay…. this is the GREATEST! I can't even begin to imagine what my Friday night will be like tomorrow. Of course, I'm trying to figure out if I can just put it in the crock pot when I get home tonight. Hmm….
The best use of a crock pot EVAH!!!!!
I was telling my boys we can't make dessert because it's too hot to use the oven. You have made me a big, stinkin' liar!
(Good thing I've got a couple crock pots — DINNAH IS SERVED!)
Holy smokes, this looks fantastic!! Now, I need a crock pot.
It's always nice to have a yummy dessert and not have to have the oven on during summer! Love it!
So last week I had to bring my blender to work with me because I'm totally addicted to smoothies. This week, I'm totally bringing my crockpot in and we're having cake at work!! I can't wait to try this!!
Year ago when I bought my crock, I bought all the gadgets that went with it and the right cookbook. Bread, cakes (a special pan) and the roasting rack. Ive been using it and updating my recipes ever since.
One of the best investments I ever made…and still going after 35 years. Cool huh?
Thanks for a great (my fave flavours) recipe. I'll be trying this one soon.
Brenda from Oshawa Ontario.
I am on my way to go dig out my crock pot. . . Amazing!!
O.M.G. This might just be the best thing that ever happened….
Consider this Fridays dessert! yay


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Route Grade Votings
Adjacent Routes
1) 6a, 2) 6b, 3) 4c. The big open groove is another of the early chinks in the cliff's armour. The first pitch can be done on its own - 30m to a lower-off<br/>.
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The latest on the Red Sox
The anticlimactic announcement that Theo Epstein has been named savior of the Cubs is not expected to be made today.
Yet according to national baseball gurus Jon Heyman and Ken Rosenthal, Epstein is busy putting together a front office that could include Jed Hoyer of the Padres as his GM. Padres assistant GM Jason McLeod could be in the mix, too.
Hoyer and McLeod are former Epstein lieutenants in Boston. As to what Red Sox staffers might join Epstein, that seems to be part of the compensation negotiations. There are a few Epstein loyalists who surely would want to stick with him.
If Hoyer leaves the Padres, Josh Byrnes is the logical choice to become the GM. He has been with the Padres since being fired by the Diamondbacks.
Meanwhile, on Yawkey Way, Ben Cherington is running the baseball operations department and is basically the GM. Earlier today, Cherington spoke to the Globe on behalf of the team to answer some questions for a story that will be in the paper tomorrow.
So while it appears awkward that Epstein is still officially GM of the Red Sox, he is running the Cubs and Cherington is running the Sox. You'd like to think that somebody (Bud Selig?) would get it settled eventually.


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Transportation in Moscow
The travel company "Academservice" will provide shuttle bus services to participants of the conference from Sheremetyevo and Domodedovo international airports to the hotels. To reserve shuttle bus transfer, participants are requested to fill in the form available on the Academservice website at: http://who-forum.acase.ru/en-transfers.jsp
For further information:
E-mail: email@example.com
Fax: +7 495 662 4352
Participants preferring to travel by taxi to the city centre are recommended to book a taxi in advance through a company operating with fixed prices that will meet participants in the arrivals area. The approximate cost of a pre-booked taxi from either Sheremetyevo and Domodedovo airports to the city centre is 2800 roubles (approximately US$95 or €70). Travel agency Academservice provides a similar service, if requested in advance.


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Optimism before Parades Commission ruling on Ardoyne Orange march, but loyalist hopes dashed
The first hint of the likely decision by the Parades Commission came in a call around 10.30am yesterday.
"The thinking is it's going to be a no," the source told me. "That's what the smoke signals are signalling," he added.
This was an observation from outside the commission's decision-making process, and one that proved correct.
An hour later another source told me the decision was no march, and then came the confirmation in the commission's determination at around noon.
This was not a routine application to complete that march in north Belfast passing Ardoyne, along a parade route that has been blocked since July 12 last year.
But rather, for the local lodges and the loyalist community in that part of the city, this was a last roll of the dice – seen as a last chance within this marching calendar to complete that controversial walk.
And there was both hope and expectation.
"Very optimistic," was the response from one senior loyalist close to the background discussions that were going on. "Loyalism needs a breather," he told me.
Last week another source watching developments told this newspaper: "Within certain elements of the Orange Order and loyalism there's an expectation that the parade will be allowed up."
That confident mood filtered out into the Twittersphere.
But, from another source, there was a warning that any decision to allow the parade to pass Ardoyne would be both "irresponsible" and "highly reckless".
"There are very serious concerns about the floating of the idea and the way the idea is being canvassed and who's involved," he told me.
With the ruling of the Parades Commission, the hope and expectation in the loyalist community evaporated.
We know there have been talks involving church leaders, politicians, representatives of the local lodges and representatives of the nationalist residents group CARA.
But those talks didn't produce a local agreement and, once again, left the ruling to the Parades Commission.
There was a round of final meetings on Tuesday.
And the high stakes of this decision were confirmed in the make-up of a joint unionist/loyalist delegation including the DUP leader Peter Robinson, MP Nigel Dodds, PUP leader Billy Hutchinson and Ian McLaughlin of the UPRG.
Dodds tweeted that they had been to see the commission.
Then there was the wait until the official confirmation of the ruling at noon yesterday.
No march – and no change in the determination made before July 12 last year.
But something and someone had raised expectations of a different outcome. Who and why are the unanswered questions. And, as another marching season approaches, this place still walks in different directions.
According to the Ulster Unionist leader Mike Nesbitt, the political talks on flags, parades and the past are going nowhere.
And, even if they did make progress on this issue, it would be about changing the structure and name of the decision-making process, not attitudes on the parade ground.
New Chief Constable George Hamilton might be in post before July 12 – watching another summer with his officers stuck in the middle in those places where marches and protests meet.
Belfast Telegraph