text:
MARTINEZ — Nearly a year after California pension-spiking reforms became law, tens of thousands of former and current East Bay local government workers will soon learn whether their monthly retirement benefits will drop.
Contra Costa County Superior Court Judge David Flinn will hear oral arguments Dec. 10 in the legal challenge to the new law filed last November by public employee unions from Alameda, Contra Costa, Merced and Marin counties.
If the unions lose, some of the counties' approximately 50,300 current and future retirees could see reductions in their monthly checks. The final number will depend on how far the judge's ruling extends.
So far, Flinn has sided with the state.
In a preliminary ruling, the judge agreed that county-level retirement boards in the 1990s unlawfully began allowing employees to save primarily vacation and holiday pay, cash it out upon retirement and count the income in their pension calculations.
But Flinn left open the question of what he will do about it.
As attorneys and officials involved in the case explained, the judge has two groups of people to consider.
For people who have retired since 1998 when retirement systems began allowing pension calculations based on what is collectively called "terminal pay," he is expected to decide whether to ask them to pay back money they have already received or only reduce their benefits going forward. He could also leave them untouched.
For active employees hired before Jan. 1, 2011 — the date at which Contra Costa's system stopped allowing terminal pay — the judge is expected to decide whether to disallow the perk outright or set a future date by which workers must retire or lose the benefit.
In addition, the judge could order retirement associations to refund the contributions made by the public agencies on behalf of the employees to help pay for the perk.
"Rectifying the situation we've gotten ourselves into is going to be extremely difficult," said Central Contra Costa Sanitary District board member Mike McGill, whose agency offered the most generous pension-spiking perks in the county. "In the end, someone is going to be hurt, either the taxpayers and ratepayers who will pay an amount they shouldn't have to pay, or long-term employees are going to lose what they were promised in their employment package."
The issues behind the lawsuit date to the 1990s, when public employee unions won key court decisions that expanded what could be included in pension formulas for county-level retirement systems across the state.
In response, a handful of systems began including terminal pay when calculating employee pensions.
The outcome was predictable: Employees used the new rules to their financial advantage, and employers touted retirement security as a recruiting tool.
Flinn would later write in his preliminary ruling that the lawmakers who wrote the California County Employees Retirement Law — the state codes governing county pension systems — never intended that terminal pay would be used to inflate an employee's average annual compensation for the purpose of calculating their pension.
In 2008, the economy tanked, and pension systems lost investment income that had paid for a large chunk of the retirement system's ongoing costs. Government agencies and workers saw their annual contribution rates skyrocket, and public scrutiny over pension spiking and benefit levels intensified.
Responding to public pressure, the Contra Costa County Employees Retirement Association board stopped counting terminal pay for all new hires as of Jan. 1, 2011.
Gov. Jerry Brown and state lawmakers took the issue a step further in 2012 and signed into law Assembly Bill 197, which banned the inclusion of terminal pay in pension formulas for public workers starting Jan. 1, 2013.
Public employee unions responded last November with lawsuits in four counties, arguing that the promised benefits are vested rights that cannot be taken away. State attorneys say it was an illegal benefit to which they were never entitled.
The judge stayed implementation of the new law pending his decision.
The financial impact could be significant.
Pensions are based on a worker's age, years of service and compensation in the final earning period, which is typically the highest paid year or average of the highest three. The greater any one of these three components, the greater the benefit.
Adding terminal pay into the formula boosts the monthly retirement benefit anywhere from a few percentage points to far more, depending on each agency's vacation-accrual policy.
Contra Costa County deputy sheriffs estimate that losing terminal pay out of their retirement will cost them 15 percent.
"We are not challenging AB197 going forward for people who are hired under the new rules," said Contra Costa Deputy Sheriffs Association President Ken Westermann, one of the unions behind the litigation. "But those benefits were granted in good faith at the time, and they have been accounted for in the contribution rates. These benefits are part of the employees' compensation package."
Assemblywoman Joan Buchanan, the Alamo Democrat who wrote Assembly Bill 197, agrees with Judge Flinn that legislators never intended to permit workers to save up vacation for the purposes of inflating their pensions.
"When we wrote the bill, we were trying to clarify the pension legislation and make our intent clear going forward," Buchanan said.
Whether the law's provisions should apply to people who have already retired or were hired under the old rules is a decision for the courts, she said.
Both sides expect Flinn's ruling will be appealed, possibly all the way to the California Supreme Court.
"It is good that we are getting answers to these questions," Buchanan said. "These retirement systems have huge unfunded liabilities. We all own this problem, and we have to figure out how to solve it because we need to be able to meet our legal obligations to our employees and continue to provide public services."
Contact Lisa Vorderbrueggen at 925-945-4773. Follow her at Twitter.com/lvorderbrueggen.
The issues behind public employee unions' lawsuit challenging new state pension rules have a long history. Here's a look at key developments:
1997-1998 — In response to court rulings and litigation from public employee unions, the Contra Costa, Alameda, Merced and Marin county retirement associations expand their public employees' pension-calculation formula to include terminal pay, which consists largely of unused vacation that an employee cashes out upon retirement.
Jan. 1, 2011 — In the wake of mounting public opposition to pension spiking, Contra Costa's retirement board reverses course and bans the inclusion of terminal pay in the pensions for new hires starting on this date.
August 2012 — Legislature passes and Gov. Jerry Brown later signs Assembly Bill 197, which prohibits counting terminal pay in the pension-calculation formula.
October 2012 — Contra Costa retirement board officially interprets Assembly Bill 197 to apply to current workers and not just new hires. Alameda, Marin and Merced retirement boards would come to the same conclusion.
Nov. 27, 2012 — Public employee unions in Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin and Merced counties file lawsuits challenging AB 197.
Nov. 29, 2012 — Contra Costa County Judge David Flinn grants an injunction and blocks implementation of AB 197 pending his decision. (Three of the four cases were later consolidated. Marin's case had advanced too far for consolidation and proceeded on its own.)
January — California Attorney General Kamala Harris agrees to defend AB 197.
Nov. 8 — In a preliminary ruling, Flinn sides with state attorneys and agrees the retirement associations unlawfully included terminal pay in pension calculations. He left open the question of what to do about it.
Dec. 10 — Flinn to hear oral arguments on whether retirees and current employees have a guaranteed right to the higher pension benefits that came out of the inclusion of terminal pay even if the retirement associations improperly granted them.
Source: Bay Area News Group research


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subset: commoncrawl


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The first details with the 2015 Chrysler 200 have recently ended up on the web, ahead of the model's official debut which was scheduled for this month's 2014 NAIAS, in Detroit.
We have already seen the new Chrysler 200 naked, just a month ago, during a promotional video shoot, but now we have some interesting details on the model in question, which will be officially presented to the public during the 2014 North American International Auto Show (NAIAS) in Detroit. The 2015 Chrysler 200 is looking more attractive than the model it will replace and rumors are saying that the one pictured below is actually the 200 S trim level.
Power to the new Chrysler 200 will be provided by a 2.4 liter TigerShark standard engine, which is producing a total output of 184 HP (137 kW) and it has a peak torque of 234 Nm (173 lb-ft) of torque. There is also a 3.6 liter Pentastar V6 optional unit, which is developing 295 HP (220 kW) and 354 Nm (362 lb-ft). Prices for the new 200 will start at 21,700 USD, without the 995 USD destination charge. More details on the vehicle will be announced during the Detroit Motor Show, next week.
Source: Jalopnik


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Complaint Review: NAA - Andy Albright
- NAA - Andy Albright
1214 Turrentine st
burlington, North Carolina
- Phone:
- Web: www.naasupport.com
- Category: Insurance Agencies
NAA - Andy Albright An honest assesment of my 3 yrs with NAA burlington North Carolina
*UPDATE EX-employee responds: FLORIDA AGENT / THE COMPALINTS R VALID
*Author of original report: NAA = The Titanic...a sinking ship!
*UPDATE Employee: Honest
*UPDATE EX-employee responds: Very accurate report, thanks! I too was with NAA for 1 yr, wow did it suck!
I was with NAA for 3 years and I do not regret the experience but am much happier as an independent broker. When I joined NAA 3 yrs ago I was new to the insurance industry. I went to an opportunity meeting and got excited about the possibilities. I was dead broke but have always been in sales and on 100% commission so another commission job was up my alley. I was started at 55% and worked my way up to 85% until I left. The training I received there was fantastic. NAA are experts at training you to sell insurance as it pertains to the products that they offer which are 98% simplified issue or non-medical. By the 3rd year, my wife joined and partnered with me and were in the top 25 producers out of over 2000 agents for the year of 2012. We grossed over $100,000 but netted $58,000. The reason we made about 60K is because at the end 2011 year, I realized that NAA was nickel and diming me with clubs that are voluntary but that you are expected to join (President's Club $120/mo), an all-access pass($60/month), leads ($40 each for new ones), lead over-rides on all of our agents, 4 conventions per year, and countless weekly meetings. It felt like anytime I made a dollar, NAA was there to spend it for me so by early 2012, I decided to just produce and not go to meetings or pay for anything except for leads which were very expensive at $40 a pop and you don't get to choose the leads. You get whatever is given to you. Their final expense leads read as if it was a government subsidized insurance program so 75% of those leads were garbage. The internet lead were awful too especially since people who look for insurance online are savvy and getting quotes from brokers who have many carriers with much more competitive rates. NAA lied me about the fact that more than 50% of people who apply fully underwritten get declined and rated. This is not true. Many carriers will give you preferred rates with high blood pressure and high cholesterol as long as it is being controlled with meds. I just got a 48 yr woman with M.S. approved with North American at a table 3 which is still cheaper than simplified issue which is underwritten at a table 4, no to mention, NAA's premiere carriers are not competetive with non-medical pricing. Foresters and Mutual of Omaha are pricey, especially M.o.O ! Sagicor and Anico blow them out of the water but NAA does not contract with carriers that don't give Andy Albright, the CEO, massive spread! Also, you get the major shaft on final expense with commisions starting at 40% where in the real world it starts at around 100% to 110%. There are 4 yearly conventions which you are pressured to attend on your own dime. Also, NAA lies by promoting them as training when in actuality what they are is rah-rah with a Christian twist. I was in hell as they all sang "Take me to the river" and quoted the bible. Top producers brag about their gross, not net, incomes yet many of NAA's top people have forclosed on their homes. Many are jumping ship and joining Securus but to me, if you leave, go independent and manage your own insurance business. Charge backs for us were huge, almost 20K in 2012. This was not because of poor salesmanship but because a broker came in on our heels and replaced our business with cheaper coverage and who can blame the client for wanting mor for less. Don't forget that the 60K that we made in 2012 was with no participation in the NAA program and we paid around 20K for leads and charged back another 20K so the lesson is if you want to make money there, only produce and don't drink the Kool-ade! If you're new to insurance, NAA is a great place to start but once you learn insurance, go independent. There is no money in team bulding at NAA as all you do is build a business for Andy Albright and the moment you wise up and stop attending functions and paying for clubs, he takes your downline. Also, if you happen to recruit someone who is a star producer and they pass your commission rate, you lose them and their down line which is messed up! I hope this helps someone who is looking to join NAA. I loved it there for a while and met many great people but am much happier now :-)
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This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 07/20/2013 10:28 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/naa-andy-albright/burlington-north-carolina-27215/naa-andy-albright-an-honest-assesment-of-my-3-yrs-with-naa-burlington-north-carolina-1068677. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year. Ripoff Report has an exclusive license to this report. It may not be copied without the written permission of Ripoff Report. READ: Foreign websites steal our content
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#1 UPDATE EX-employee responds
AUTHOR: Florida Agent - ()
SUBMITTED: Tuesday, February 11, 2014POSTED: Tuesday, February 11, 2014
I too spent 3 years with NAA and I find this persons complaints to be valid. Personally I attended the main events, hot spots, joined the CLUBS ect. Being a new agent I enjoyed the training and meeting new friends. My upline people were top notch and very helpful. I did not dislike my time with NAA. BUT with that said as you mature as an agent you start to see the "smoke and mirrors". My first indication that NAA was not the greatest IMO in the world was that I NEVER got what I paid for with the A1 $25.00 leads NEVER! I purchased hundreds of them for my agents. NEVER once did I get 100% fresh Life Insurance Leads as promised.
Example of my complaint, IF I purchased 10 A1 supposed first time never worked Insurance Leads for $250 I would receive IF lucky 2 valid LEADS and the other 8 would be a mixed bag of old Final Expense Leads, Internet Leads ect. ALL for the most part worthless leads. IF I wanted those type of garbage leads? I could have purchased them ANYWHERE for $5 a pop or less. When I questioned my upline about the RIP-OFF I got the standard answer.. It just is the way it is, still the best leads in the business, they worked for me, work harder, don't buy them, buy the phone book leads for .10 a piece and dial for dollars.
After spending thousands on these GARBAGE LEADS and seeing all the mentioned Big Guns leave, whom bye the way were Andy's people, I QUIT. And no NAA I am not a quitter, I just have integrety and don't like being lied to by anybody. Today when I write a insurance policy I write it directly with the Insurance Company. IF I write a policy with an IMO? I usually get 80% or better on my commission split and I am never required to share the lead expense with my agents nor am I responsible to pay for another agents charge backs like NAA required. ALL in ALL I consider my past experiences with NAA to be negative and costly. It was a tough lesson learned on how NOT to run a insurance agency.
#2 Author of original report
NAA = The Titanic...a sinking ship!
AUTHOR: Happy broker - ()
SUBMITTED: Sunday, February 09, 2014POSTED: Sunday, February 09, 2014
You can call our post a rant which is really the only thing you can do at this point but the facts are the facts. NAA has lost most of their major leaders in a very short span of time. John Kight, Shawn Meike and Art Leizure (just to name a few), 3 of NAA's most revered leaders/recruiters with the largest organizations next to Alec Fitzegrald(#2)...gone like the wind. NAA's justifications : Sexual harassment, abuse of power, family problems, blah blah blah. Basically anyone who posts anything truthfull about NAA is morally corrupt, a criminal, about to be terminated, etc. When so many people who reached to top at NAA leave and they all do it almost simultaneously you have to as an intelligent and objective person take a closer look. All of NAA's top leaders brag about their gross incomes not their net incomes. We were surprised by the numerous forclosures of homes by leaders who did nothing short of cry thanking Andy Allbright for changing their lives at convention. You cannot deny the fact that Andy Allbright has forgoten what made him great in the first place...people! When you treat the people who bled for you and helped you build an empire like customers they go somewhere else. Post as many rebuttals as you have time to post but NAA is sinking like the Titanic! We are grateful for what we learned and the people we met, truly we are! The problem with NAA lies with it's CEO, not the many wonderful, creative, and hard-working family people who follow him. NAA does lie and say they do not make money on leads...utter bullshit! The mortgage leads are decent but definitely over-priced. The problem with the lead system is that an agent, you cannot choose the leads that you want to invest in. You get what is given to you and getting credit for bad leads is time consuming and usually results in a denial. Managers get slammed with lead over-rides and just this has caused many a manager to quit after going broke. They say that conventions, all-access passes, President's Club, convention, etc are all elective but if you don't partcipate in these things and you are a talented producer/recruiter then you will not be allocated the leads that you need and you can have your entire downline taken from you for not playing ball the NAA way! Simplified issue is the law of the land not just because it mentions no medical exam on the mortgage lead but because it issues quicker and has higher comps for NAA. How do you justify non-medical to families in their 30's in perfect health? It is only done if the family mentions it and for no other reason. As an independent broker you can offer more coverage for less premium 95% of the time...fact! Foresters is a good carrier but very small and cannot afford to underwrite risk at a cheaper price like most other carriers! Mutual of Omaha is an excellent carrier but very expensive and not remotely competitive! ING..the biggest carriere but NAA does not give it's agents access to any products worth writing. Who else is left? Baltimore Life lol? CFG ? NAA does not have anything in its arsenal that can't be out-quoted or replaced by any decent broker! We honestly hope tha Andy Allbright gets over his greed and huge Christian ego and fixes what is broke for the sake of all the people who are still there. We know many of them and deeply respect them but Andy is as fake as they come. Even his $1000 good samaritan award is total crap! Get this...you write 10K in annualized production for 2 months in a row and his holiness will donate $1000 to a charity in your name. Translation - a $1000 tax write-off for Mr.d****ebag himself! If you really want to reward people...give them cash not camouflaged good deeds which help your taxes! People are not dumb and it is catching up to Andy. Good luck to all in NAA...you will need it !!
#3 UPDATE Employee
AUTHOR: Abe - ()
SUBMITTED: Saturday, February 08, 2014POSTED: Saturday, February 08, 2014
I believe that I know the individual that posted this report, in 2012 there was only 1 husband and wife couple from Riverside that would have had the volume necessary to boast being in the top producers within NAA, and they did in fact leave the company around July 2012, so I am 99% certain I know who these people are, and they were top producers, but not top 25. I can say that they are not trustworthy, and that in fact the gentleman who wrote this post is not even a licensed agent due to a felony in his past, and his wife in fact is the legally licensed agent. Part of the reason they left is because they were in the process of being terminated because it had come to the attention of NAA (through consumer complaints) that he was running appointments without his wife being present. It saddens me to have to bring this information to light, but this rant is nothing more than a retaliation.
The first thing I wanted to say as a rebuttal to this post is that there are a lot of details in this post that are just completely false or highly exagerated. I understand that some people believe that they have found better opportunities, but to bash NAA with inaccurate information after the system that Andy Albright created taught you how to succeed in the insurance business seems very misleading and ungrateful. The parts that say that NAA are experts at teaching agents how to sell insurance, and that the fact that NAA sells mostly simplified issue seem to be the only truthful parts of your post. I will take quotes out of your post and explain how the information is completely wrong.
1. "By the 3rd year, my wife joined and partnered with me and were in the top 25 producers out of over 2000 agents for the year of 2012. We grossed over $100,000 but netted $58,000." In 2012 to be in the top 25, you would have needed to have approximately $250,000 in AP, which with an 85% contract you would have grossed way more than $100,000.
2. "I realized that NAA was nickel and diming me with clubs that are voluntary but that you are expected to join (President's Club $120/mo), an all-access pass($60/month), leads ($40 each for new ones), lead over-rides on all of our agents, 4 conventions per year, and countless weekly meetings" Presidents club is OPTIONAL and if you choose to participate, you can joing for $10/week, all-access is completely free for all new agents up to a 70% contract (you forgot to mention that) and it is designed to help offset the cost of conference rooms used to train new agents, and finally at an 85% contract A leads (newest leads) are $34.19 not $40 and you get a 15% discound on leads if you are on a standing order which to be a top producer, it would almost certainly be a requirement to ensure regular lead flow bringing the price down to $29.06. Also, these leads are less if the agent is at a lower contract, 55% agents pay roughly $25 or $22 depending on how they place their orders (again your exageration is very misleading). One last thing about leads, you do understand that direct mail is a 1% response, and that it takes $35 in postage to create a lead, not to mention the overhead, such as employees, software, paper, envelopes, ink, electricity, and a mortgage on a 48,000 sq ft lead factory. The true cost to create a lead is closer to $75 but everyone in the process from the agent to the Agency Manager all the way to Andy pays their portion to deliver these leads to new agents for as little as $22. As for the 4 conventions... they are optional, and as of 2014 we only do 2, 1 in January, and 1 in July.
3. "Their final expense leads read as if it was a government subsidized insurance program so 75% of those leads were garbage." The Final expense leads did have some wording on them that caused some confusion and I admit that I was experiencing similar objections with approximately 30% of these lead. What you forgot to mention is first of all, if the client said to you they thought it was a government paid program, NAA gave you a 100% refund on these leads, and secondly, NAA is very good at identifying issues of this type and correcting them. Within the last 6 months, our Final expense leads have been completely reworked, and withing the last 3 months, these new FE leads have been approved by most states for distribution and they state right on the lead that this is...and I quote "a life insurance program designed to pay for final expenses not paid for by the government"
4. "NAA lied me about the fact that more than 50% of people who apply fully underwritten get declined and rated. This is not true." We lead with Simplified issue because that is what our leads say on the front, they are asking for information on Mortgage life and DI without a physical exam. We sell Fully Underwritten as well, and for clients that want to go through the exam, we can help them too, but to say that NAA lied to you, what you mean to say is that someone within NAA lied to you, its a bold statement to say that the one person that told you this speaks for all of NAA, because I doubt that one person was Andy Albright
5. "Charge backs for us were huge, almost 20K in 2012. This was not because of poor salesmanship..../Don't forget that the 60K that we made in 2012 was with no participation in the NAA program and we paid around 20K for leads and charged back another 20K" First of all, the $20k in chargebacks, if you are counting this against your gross which is how you made a net of $58,000, your math is completely wrong. The gross income of $100k already takes into account any and all chargebacks because if you get a chargeback, they use your next commission to pay your chargebacks, so at the end of the year, these chargebacks have already been taken out of your 1099 income, and you still made over $100k gross. To say you lost the business and it was not due to poor salesmanship, and it was because of the fact that another agent came behind you and sold a cheaper product is just not correct. In life insurance, clients buy you as the agent, if the client loves you and you are truly taking care of their needs, the next agent wont even get in the front door. I dont doubt that you are a decent salesman, but you are probably a hit and run agent that doesnt even call his clients if you get a cancelation notice fromt the carrier, and by the way, an 80% persistency is above industry average, I recently talked to an AFLAC agent that said if he got 50% persistency he was doing very good, there is no such thing as 100% and to blame your 20% in chargebacks to NAA is just plain stupid.
In summary, here is what happened to this individual, he paid someone to do his 2012 taxes, wrote off absolutely as much as he possibly could as a self employed individual paid income taxes on $58,000 with a gross of over $100,000, but he is not wise enough to know that his chargebacks were already deducted prior to his gross earnings. He basically did not understand the math behind the numbers, and as a result He got upset and started shopping for another IMO, and right around the same time, 2 complaints regarding his ethics came into NAA and he was in the process of being terminated, and there you go, a pissed off agent that is looking for retaliation. I will say that this agent was not in my downline, and I know the details because I have friends in this business that knew him intimately. There is more that I could say regarding this incident, but suffice it to say, it is mostly a rant.
#4 UPDATE EX-employee responds
Very accurate report, thanks! I too was with NAA for 1 yr, wow did it suck!
AUTHOR: EX- insurance agent with NAA - ()
SUBMITTED: Saturday, November 16, 2013POSTED: Saturday, November 16, 2013
For the fun of it, I like to catch up on Andy Allwrongs stories... I too was there, won a trip to Portugal back in 07 with IOF and was loving NAA. Then I realized that I only netted $30K on a $100k production year, my very first and only year. By the time we had quit and hit the road of independcy we had qualified for the trip and went. It was hilarious, we hung out with 3 other couples who had also walked but wanted to go on vaca, we laughed at Allwrong and his followers. I hated the religion, I hated the lies but Portugal was nice.
So the good news, there are greener pastures, there are better options. WE have been fortunate enough to stay in the business, work in our Ppajamas on the phone exclusively and operate a successful brokerage offering all carriers and products in life, di, and annuities. We did over $150K last year and should exceed $200K this year with expenses less than 10%.
I am happy to chat with any one that want to learn how to be independent and help do whats in a clients best interest by underwriting them and evaluating if they should buy fully underwritten vs simple issue, instead of forcing them into simple issue products like Allwrong pushes.
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The Mechanism of Monetary Transmissions in Russia
Monetary policy measures are widely used in various countries the world to influence economic conditions. However, the efficiency of the impact of monetary policy on macroeconomic performance varies in different countries. Understanding the characteristics of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, that is, the process of the impact of policy on the behavior of economic agents, the end result of which is the change of the main macroeconomic indicators will consider the impact of actions of monetary authorities to the individual agents. In this work analyzed in detail the mechanism of monetary transmission. Look at specifics of the main transmission channels and identified factors that influence their effectiveness. This chapter is analyzes the characteristics of the channels of transmission mechanism in Russia in the first decade of the XXI century.
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text: Matchup in Miami against new Blues - The Vancouver Sun April 15, 201012:00AM PDT Previous Next Caps won't have to worry about heat, just a better lineup of talented 'strangers' By Bruce Constantineau The Vancouver Whitecaps shouldn't get beat by the heat in Miami this weekend. A forecast calling for a high of 25 degrees with scattered showers on Saturday sounds a lot more inviting than the 34-degree conditions the Caps faced when losing to the Blues in Miami last summer. "They don't have too many fans but the 12th opponent there is usually the heat," Whitecaps head coach Teitur Thordarson said Wednesday. "That has been a major problem for us down there before." The Caps fly to Florida today to face a dramatically different Miami FC Blues squad than the one the Caps played three times last year -- beating the Blues twice at Swangard Stadium by margins of 3-2 and 2-0 and losing 2-1 in Florida. Vancouver will try to build on its season-opening 2-0 win over NSC Minnesota Stars last weekend, when it overcame a poor first half to elevate its play and score two second-half goals. Just five current Blues players were on the 2009 Miami team that went 8-17-5 and missed the USL-1 playoffs for the third straight year. Former Brazilian international Zinho has been replaced as head coach by Victor Pastora. The roster purge left room to bring in talented and experienced players like 35-year-old Argentine midfielder Christian Gomez, a former Major League Soccer MVP in 2006 when he played with D.C. United. The gifted playmaker scored 45 goals in 124 appearances with D.C. United from 2004 to 2009 and a Rochester Rhinos defender shadowed him in the season opener last week when the teams played to a 1-1 draw. Thordarson said Gomez is still a talented player but doesn't plan to assign anyone to chase him around the field for 90 minutes. "We know their strengths and will try to do something about that," he said. "The way we play ourselves is the way we take care of people. If we play well, we won't have to worry too much about any of their players." Other key off-season additions for Miami this year include 28-year-old American forward Abe Thompson -with considerable MLS experience in Dallas, Kansas City and Houston -and 21-year-old Brazilian midfielder Paulo Le Petit. Another young Brazilian - 20-year-old forward Paulo Araujo Jr. -- scored Miami's only goal last week and hit the crossbar on another chance after coming on as a second-half substitute. New Whitecaps centre back Mouloud Akloul is expected to start Saturday if the paperwork surrounding his international transfer is completed this week. The 27-year-old French/Algerian defender has impressed in training since signing with the Caps last week. Thordarson said Vancouver striker Marcus Haber should make his first start with the team on Saturday, playing alongside striker Marlon James. Haber is with the Caps for two months under a loan transfer with West Bromwich Albion. Whitecaps captain Martin Nash said it can be challenging to play in front of the small crowds that Miami normally draws. The team attracted about 1,000 fans to its season opener last week and just 405 to the match against Vancouver last year. "It can take the wind out of your sails when you're warming up but we have to learn to fire ourselves up," he said. "These games really mean something." Whitecaps defender Zurab Tsiskaridze, who played with Miami last year, said he enjoyed his one-year stint with the Blues but saw crowds dwindle there as the season progressed. "You'd think the Latin community would love soccer but a lot of people in the community are Cubans who seem to prefer baseball," he said. SIDE KICKS Defender/midfielder Blake Wagner's left foot injury is more serious than first thought and he will not make the trip to Miami ... Midfielders Jonny Steele and Takashi Hirano continue to recover from knee injuries, with Hirano looking fit during wind sprints Wednesday ... A new Caps residency program candidate, 18-year-old striker Doudou Toure, trained with the team on Wednesday. The 6-foot-2, 190-pound U.S. resident was born in Mauritania and spent the past year with Monterrey FC in Mexico. email@example.com © Copyright (c) The Vancouver Sun Previous Next


text:
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Proudly Building communities across Alberta's Capital Region
K&M Group is a company focused on new or existing land development projects in urban Alberta markets. Our team strengths lie in leadership, project management, engineering, marketing and sales. We build thriving residential communities and commercial properties throughout Alberta's Capital Region.
We add value to our projects through our significant experience with municipal government, leadership, project management, and contract management, we are capable of providing exceptional service at below market rates. K&M operates primarily in mid-sized urban cities, towns and counties, where we are very well known and respected at the municipal level of government. We also work actively with a network of high quality sub-contractors and construction professionals.
Value Added
Enhancing projects through utilizing a collaborative process.
Our corporate hallmarks are found within our dedication to our clients, our timely delivery of services, our ethical behaviour and our drive to be the best.
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Our team provides exceptional design collaboration and construction on all projects. We will provide all projects with experienced engineering design using in house resources thereby reducing the cost of engineering to our clients.
Detailed Engineering, Site Management, and Construction are our specialties. We are on site while the work is being done, providing on-site management and leadership. With this level of oversight, we ensure that all projects are completed on time and on budget.
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K&M prides itself on understanding the markets that we work within. We will create innovative marketing solutions and sales strategies that will effectively target the market to generate positive returns on investment.
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text:
Get your mental game in shape – My friend and consultant to the PGA of Great Britain and Europe, Karl Morris, Europe's leading golf mind coach reveals how to Learn The Secrets Of Peak Performance Golf
Follow Through Golf Drill – Video Summary
Take your 6 and 7 irons – hold them together, making the best possible grip that you can to ensure that you don't let go of them.
Hover the clubs away from the ground to ensure that they don't hit the floor and bang together. Swing the clubs gently to start with but also try to make a full and normal follow through.
The weight of the clubs will pull your body around to a correct and hopefully balanced follow through position.


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Appleton news
Appleton Library News
Join Appleton Library staff for the annual Souper Supper Fundraiser at Appleton Village School (737 Union Road, Appleton) on Saturday, Jan. 25, 5 to 7 p.m. $8 per adult, $5 for those age 12 and younger, $25 per family. Delicious homemade soups and fresh breads, followed by a lively cake auction with Rosie Gerry! Please call the library ahead of this event if you are able to donate a soup, 785-5656. All proceeds to benefit the library's general fund.
Appleton Historical Society News
Our next meeting, which is our AHS Annual Meeting, will be Monday, Feb. 3, at 6:15 p.m., at Appleton Library. The annual potluck dinner will precede the Annual Meeting, and is the reason for the early starting time. Please bring a dish to share and a place setting for yourself. The evening's program will be provided by Appleton resident Andy Vietze, speaking on his book "Boon Island, A True Story of Mutiny, Shipwreck, and Cannibalism."
The Slate of Officers for 2014, to be voted upon at the Annual Meeting, is as follows: President: Mary Kate Moody, Vice President: Elaine Tracy, Treasurer: Lisa Goodridge, Recording Secretary: Patty Sheehan, Corresponding Secretary: Donovan Bowley and Trustee, to replace Jackie Dunham, whose term expires: Phelps Brown.
We hope to have a large turnout for the Annual Meeting, to ensure that as many as possible will vote in our election of officers. Remember that only paid-up members are eligible to vote. Membership is only $5 per person for the year, and $10 per couple. Please see Elaine Tracy, treasurer.
Girl Scouts
The Appleton Girl Scouts next meeting will be at Appleton Library on Saturday, Jan. 25, from 10:30 a.m. to noon. They have just started selling Girl Scout cookies! For more information on Girl Scouts, call Amanda Gurney at 322-2554.
Appleton Village School News
There will be no school Friday, Jan. 17, due to a teacher's workshop.
There will be no school Monday, Jan. 20, in observance of Martin Luther King Day.
The next school board meeting will be Jan. 27, at 6 p.m. in the AVS library.
The AVS community wants to thank Cheryl Morin for her leadership and vision in organizing the Community Contra Dance and Silent Auction to raise funds for AVS. More than $1,000 was raised at the event and will go toward spring field trips for each grade cluster. It was a great evening and a wonderful way to celebrate with the wider community. Chrissy Fowler did a wonderful job of sharing traditional contra dances and teaching beginner dancers the steps while keeping things light and fun for all. Thank you to all the teachers, teachers' union, parents, students and local businesses who helped make this a successful event. A special thank you to Cheryl Morin, Than Porter, Jenny Roberts, Jared Todd, Tammy King, Lillie Vitelli, Karen Scott, Elaine Emerson, Margaret Christie, Darcy Johnston, Anthony Lufkin, Stephanie Sala, Ian Stewart and Jennifer Guilfoyle, Kelly Callahan, Kat Richman, Heather Wyman, Christine deLorimier, Victoria Marshall, the Costigan Family and all the families that donated to the concession stand!
If you have a child who is 5 years old on or before Oct. 15, 2014, he/she is eligible to enroll in kindergarten this fall. Please contact the school office (785-4504) to place that child's name on our list. Registration does not take place until the spring, but for budgeting purposes we are trying to determine the class size. Thank you for your help.
2014 Mid-Coast Wrestling Club Youth Wrestling Program
This program is for any interested boys or girls in the five-town area grades kindergarten through four. Kids are separated by age and weight. Tuesday and Thursday, 4 to 5:30 p.m., starting Jan. 21 through early April, at the Camden-Rockport Middle School Gym, $25 per participant. MCWC Youth Wrestling Program offers a fun, easy, and affordable opportunity for area youth to try the sport of wrestling. Some participants may choose to attend with the club the numerous youth tournaments around the state (usually on Sundays). Wrestling shoes and headgear will be required equipment after the first two weeks of practice. No experience neccessary. Kids of all shapes and sizes can be successful. For more information, contact Dwight Collins at 322-9751 or firstname.lastname@example.com or Aaron Henderson at 236-6178 or email@example.com.
Daughters 'n Dads
The CONNECTIONS program invites Girls in Knox County and Lincolnville in grades 3, 4, and 5 and their dads, step-dads, uncles, grandfathers, or other significant males in their lives to attend three sessions for food, facts and fun. Location: Penobscot Bay Y, 116 Union St., Rockport, on Thursdays: Jan. 16, 23 and 30.
The focus of the program is to have fun and provide information about issues such as not using tobacco or other substances, anti-bullying skills, increased physical activity, promote good nutrition, and bonding between parent and child. Each evening starts with a "Getting to Know You" activity, followed by a light healthy meal and a short discussion on making healthy choices. The remainder of the evening is spent playing games and activities that everyone can participate in equally. The series is free, but you must register to participate. Attendance at all three evening is strongly encouraged. Enrollment is limited, so sign up today!
To register, contact Nancy Laite at 236-6313, ext. 2 or email@example.com.


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Inpatient Rehab
The road to recovery can be challenging. A quick start and aggressive rehab are key principles to maximizing recovery. Because of this, Inpatient Rehab provides one of the best options available in your recovery.
The Rehab unit provides a unique environment lead by our Medical Director, Dr. Karen Gade-Pulido. You can expect several face to face visits with the doctor each week and you will participate in intensive 1:1 rehabilitation therapies.
Rehab patients receive at least 3 hours of therapy a day, 5 days a week and your individualized plan of care will be coordinated by a specialized team of professionals.
Common diagnoses in an inpatient rehab unit include:
- Neurological
- Guillian Barre, ALS, Parkinson's, MS, Encephalopathy
- Stroke
- Amputation
- Spinal Cord Injury
- Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Polyarticular Arthritis, Myopathy
- Post Surgical
- Complex orthopaedic, multiple trauma, femur fracture
The ACH Inpatient Rehab Center offers individualized plans for care that concentrate on:
- Medical management
- Communications skills
- Locomotion (walking/steps)
- Transfers (chair, toilet, bed, car)
- Bowel and bladder
- Self care (bathe, dress, feed, groom)
- Mood (depression, anxiety, etc.)
Why should you choose the Center for Rehabilitation at ACH?
- Quality, caring, compassionate professionals
- First class facilities
- Private rooms are usually available
- Large therapy gym which features a mini apartment and a real car to practice car transfers
- Newer building facility/campus
- Close to home
- Only inpatient rehab unit between Akron/Canton/Boardman-Youngstown
- Advanced services available
- Unit attached to full service hospital with Emergency Department and Hospitalists always available
- Ohio's ONLY Planetree Affiliate
The Center for Rehabilitation Team includes:
- Nursing
- Facilitates patient healing and medical management
- Physical Therapy
- Promotes functional mobility
- Occupational Therapy
- Promotes self care skills and cognitive strategies
- Speech Therapy
- Promotes improved swallowing, communication, and cognitive strategies
- Social Worker/Case Manager
- Facilitates your home going by coordinating services, while counseling services are available
Medical Director
Karen Gade-Pulido, M.D.
Board Certified
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Contact Us:
Center for Rehabilitation
Alliance Community Hospital
200 East State Street
Alliance, Ohio 44601
(330) 596-7620
Melissa Hooper, LPN
Admissions Coordinator


text:
Is the Online Drug Game Making Dealers Less Violent?
If only Tony was on Silk Road.
Last October, federal agents took down Silk Road, a notorious "eBay of drugs" where one could anonymously buy drugs, pirated content, and identity documents. But drug deals made "in the cloud" may have had a silver lining, according to a new study presented by criminologist David Decary-Hetu and law professor Judith Aldridge. Although previous studies describe Silk Road as a market for individuals who would only purchase for personal use, Aldridge and Decary-Hetu found that a large number of transactions were in fact made by dealers. The professors assert that this "new breed of drug dealer" is "likely to be relatively free from the violence typically associated with traditional drug markets."
The researchers propose that while "violence was commonly used to gain market share, protect turfs and resolve conflicts, the virtual location and anonymity that the cryptomarket provides reduces or eliminates the need — or even the ability — to resort to violence." The study also sheds some light on other common misconceptions about Silk Road, one being that it was primarily a market for harder drugs. Instead, the analysis found that "drugs typically associated with drug dependence, harmful use and chaotic lifestyles (heroin, methamphetamine and crack cocaine) do not much appear on Silk Road, and generate very little revenue."


text:
Arts, Briefly
Compiled by Steven McElroy
Published: September 3, 2005
The Rolling Stones Get 'Naked'
Infinity radio will broadcast an exclusive Rolling Stones interview tomorrow on ''The Naked Truth.'' The hourlong show, in New York at 9 p.m. on WCBS-FM (101.1), includes new music from ''A Bigger Bang,'' the band's latest album, to be released on Tuesday. Listeners can expect to hear the reaction of Mick Jagger, left, to the controversy surrounding the song ''Sweet Neo Con,'' critical of the American government. ''You get very centralized opinions in America,'' he told the host, Rob Barnett. ''If anyone says anything differently, they're thought upon as tremendously radical.''
Barenboim Criticized
Israeli politicians criticized the renowned pianist and conductor Daniel Barenboim, below, yesterday after he refused to answer questions from an Israeli Army Radio reporter in uniform, Reuters and The Associated Press reported. Mr. Barenboim, below, rebuffed the female Army Radio reporter at a book party in Jerusalem on Thursday because she was dressed in military uniform, and he said he would agree to talk only if she wore civilian clothes. Israel's education minister, Limor Livnat, said Mr. Barenboim had behaved like the ''greatest haters of Israel, the true anti-Semites.'' Mr. Barenboim, music director of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and general music director of the Berlin Staatskapelle Orchestra, told Army Radio that its correspondent's behavior at the event lacked sensitivity for the suffering of the Palestinians. ''Sensitivity toward suffering people is needed when the army continues to control occupied land,'' he said.
A 'Labor' of Love in Kabul
More than 200 people attended Afghanistan's first public performance of a Shakespeare play in a quarter-century when ''Love's Labor's Lost'' opened a two-week run in a garden at the Foundation for Culture and Civil Society in central Kabul, Agence France-Presse reported. For an audience in this strict Muslim society, the mere sight of Afghan actors and actresses flirting and laughing onstage was far out of the ordinary. ''It's the first time I've ever seen anything like this in my life,'' said Rafi Aria, a singer who sometimes performs on Afghan television. ''I really loved it.''
Michael Tucker, once a star of ''L.A. Law,'' will appear in Manhattan Theater Club's world premiere production of ''Based on a Totally True Story'' by Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa in March. The tap sensation Savion Glover (''Bring In da Noise, Bring In da Funk'') will perform ''Improvography II'' at the Brooklyn Center for the Performing Arts on Oct. 15. David Cronenberg will participate in a discussion at the Museum of the Moving Image in Queens following a special preview screening of his new movie, ''A History of Violence,'' on Sept. 13. The actor-comedian John Leguizamo will join the team of doctors saving lives on NBC's hospital drama ''E.R.'' when the show returns this fall for its 12th season.


text:
Oxy Spot Treatment - Clear
30 reviews
60% would repurchase
Package Quality: 3.5
Price: $$
Package Quality: 3.5
Price: $$
Where to Buy
- When you make a purchase through these links, we may receive a commission from the eBay Partner Network or other affiliates.
Start your review
on 10/19/2014 1:02:00 PM
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Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Black
Its works!!!! It's just that I scar from BP :( been using this baby for 2 months
on 8/3/2014 4:08:00 AM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Oily, Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I've been using triple action acne scrub AND the triple action acne pads for over a month now, and they have done NOTHING for me! All it's done is made my skin all oily and greasy and gross, AND it brings out all my acne scars even more and makes them more noticeable! AND it gives me even MORE break-outs, I've never broken out this badly before but now there's pimples here, pimples there, blackheads which are impossible to get rid of, this stuff is horrible! NEVER buy Oxy products, NEVER waste your money on it, please!
on 6/21/2013 10:45:00 PM
Age: 19-24
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Hair: Brunette, Straight, Medium
Eyes: Brown
I keep repurchasing! This is one of the best spot treatments out there. I put a decent amount on the problem area right before bed and when I wake up there is a noticeable difference. Dry skin vs acne ill take the dry skin and just use a great moisturizer
on 10/6/2013 12:46:00 PM
Age: 18 & Under
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Eyes: Blue
I can't seem to find this anymore, but it is amazing, and goes great under make up.
on 7/19/2013 3:51:00 AM
Age: 36-43
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Eyes: Brown
I put this on a few of my red bumps before bed and couldn't see them the next day or day after so it worked well.
on 8/17/2013 2:03:00 AM
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Eyes: Other
This product is amazing! It reduces the size of my pimples over night! I will defenitly re-purchase, and I recommend to everyone
on 8/24/2012 7:38:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Acne-prone, Fair, Cool
Hair: Red, Straight, Fine
Eyes: Blue
i bought this on sale at the drug store. i have tried so many of spot treatments and rarely get any kind of success.
this one is by far the best! not only did it minimize a huge pimple overnight, it has also helped fade acne scars that no other product has touched.
yes, it's a little more watery then other products, and it may be drying for some people, but none of that is a problem for me (which is surprising). i definitely recommend this product to anyone who hasn't had success with others. finally something that clears up my 26 year old face!
on 5/8/2012 1:05:00 AM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Green
All right so for most people 10% benzoyl peroxide would dry their skin up and would only use this as a spot treatment; however, I use this all over my face every night and since my skin is so oily, it needs that!
My skin is clear now for the first time in 7 months, this is amazing!!!
Just put on an oil free mositurizer afterwards and your skin will not dry out.
You can wear it under makeup too because it dries clear and absorbs fast!
on 9/21/2012 6:58:00 AM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
Worked for me. I haven't used any other spot treatments so I can't compare. It works best when the blemish has started otherwise the pimple won't die down till a couple days. Im assuming there are better products out there but for now this is working as a good substitute. Try it out!
on 9/13/2012 9:52:00 AM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Blue
The worst spot treatment I ever used. It gave me spots!!
I was on the look out for a great treatment so i got this and it gave me spots, the packaging is further from helpful and really akward. it irratated my skin and it wasnt expensive but it still cost money and i have tried to use it and give it a chance but it keeps giving me spots so i know its this and nothing else i have used.
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text:
page | Contents
Prizes signify value and achievement. They can stimulate innovation
and the pursuit of excellence. Prizes for individual performances,
publications, programmes, effective journalistic and marketing campaigns
or website design can provide a focus for children and young people
and help to spotlight best practice and share it with others. Within
the media industries, awards are also an important feature of marketing,
generating public interest and sales.
Encouraging fresh approaches to media production by, with and for
children can be achieved by including certain criteria in awards
- for example, respect for the child's perspective, or engaging
young people at each stage of the production process.
Those in a position to initiate awards for child-friendly media
products may wish to consider consulting children in the planning
of an awards scheme, and the adjudication process. They may also
wish to include a requirement that responsible involvement of children
and young people is a key determinant of eligibility. This in turn
may place a responsibility upon entrants to describe the participative
techniques they have employed, so that others can benefit from their
solutions to particular obstacles.
Another important consideration is sustainability. Are all relevant
professional bodies aware of the awards scheme - from media producers
to teachers, as well as the networks of voluntary organizations
working directly with children? Have the awards been designed to
give them sufficient exposure and kudos to encourage participation?
What thought has been given to creating an awards process that makes
best use of new communications technology to involve the public
and members of specific age groups or professions in the awarding
of prizes?
The global media market place makes it possible to develop award
schemes that can operate at a national, regional and international
level. Partnerships with media producers can bring opportunities
to share best practice across borders. International
Children's Day of Broadcasting, the Prix
Jeunesse and initiatives of the European
Broadcasting Union are good examples.
Underlying the prize-giving process should be the intention that
the winners will always be children. That means recognizing the
contribution that children themselves can make to media production.
Awards for children's newspapers, photography, film and programme-making
and website production sponsored by NGOs or the media industries,
for example, are powerful stimulants
Good practice
The following are examples of good practice, and suggestions of
further web research.
Among the innovative approaches of The Prix
Jeunesse is the packaging of the best entries as a 'suitcase'
with multilingual supporting materials that are available for presentation
anywhere in the world, to exemplify good practice and encourage
The Canadian-based International
Center of Films for children and Young People has been awarding
prizes since 1981 to outstanding productions for children and young
people that: have a potential for international distribution; contribute
to better understanding between children and young people throughout
the world; are of high standard of artistic achievement and technical
competence; and which - in form and content - promote and respect
the rights of children.
Cartable, organized by the regional administration of the French
state education system, is one of numerous video festivals where
children are film-makers and jury.
The Premios Iberoamericanos de Comunicación por los
Derechos de la Niñez, established in co-operation with UNICEF
through its Americas
and Caribbean Regional Office, the Spanish National Committee
for UNICEF and the press agency EFE offers prizes for the most effective
use of print, radio, television and photography to promote and defend
of the rights of the child.
The Chicago
International Children's Film Festival engages both children
and adults in the process of selecting 180 films for entry to the
festival. A specially trained multi-ethnic Children's Jury and three
Adult Juries of media professionals then make the awards.
partners | Privacy
policy | Top


text:
"A Stain on the Name of America": The Nation Reacts
The two ends of Illinois smoldered in uncertainty on July 3, 1917. Read more »
"This Was the Apocalypse": East St. Louis, July 2, 1917
In the evening of July 2, 1917, 11-year-old Freda McDonald was laying on the bed she shared with her siblings, studying the peculiar humming sound growing outside her family's small shack on Gratiot Street, near downtown St. Louis. Read more »
"A City without a Social Contract": Tensions in St. Louis's Industrial Suburb
"Money tree . . . all you have to do is go up there and shake it." That's the visual impoverished Southern blacks used to describe East St. Louis in 1916, according to Lyman Bluitt, a local black doctor. Read more »
Live-Tweeting the East St. Louis Race Riot of 1917
In less than 48 hours—from the evening of July 1, 1917, to midday on July 3, 1917—East St. Louis descended into one of the deadliest race riots in U.S. history. As many as 200 African Americans were killed, hundreds more were left homeless, and large sections of the city were ruined. The national response ranks among the foundational moments of the modern civil rights movement, but like much so of our region's civil rights history, the East St. Louis race riot's legacy has faded outside of museums and history textbooks. Read more »
History happens right here! Find stories, images, and artifacts from the object collections and archives of the Missouri History Museum, as well as behind-the-scenes videos, news stories, and more.
Curating #1 in Civil Rights
Tweets by @mohistorymuseum


text: Back in town and get to pick my babies up Monday. The CDP Pro that was bobtailed and the Ultra Carry that was golfballed. Can't wait to get my hands on them. Some work issues kept me from getting them last week. But they're waiting on me as I type. Even though, Chuck has already posted WAY BETTER pics than I will, I'll still post a few, with the other Chuckerized gun that I have with me.


text:
At the end of last week I went to Berry Bros in their historic London offers - sorry, office - to take part in one of their podcasks. This entailed finally meeting their sales director Simon Staples, which was a great shame as I shall not now be able to tease him - an activity I have enjoyed so much over the last year or two.
We touched on all the subjects you would expect of those concerned about the market for bordeaux during this primeur release season. Just use the controls to play and stop on the graphic below, remembering to turn on your audio properties. We do go on a bit - I think it lasts for about eight minutes.


text:
Prebiotics are nondigestible or partially digestible food ingredients that stimulate the growth of healthy bacteria in the colon and thus promote better overall health. Along with probiotics, which are live microbial organisms that support gastrointestinal health, prebiotics are considered functional foods, so-called because they provide health benefits that go beyond basic nutrition. Although they are also available in supplement form, prebiotics occur naturally in a number of common foods with high fiber content.
Meet the Prebiotics
Making up the prebiotic family are several fibrous elements that occur naturally in the foods you eat. The two most common subtypes of prebiotics are the closely related inulins and fructo-oligosaccharides, or FOS, both of which pass through the small intestine without being digested or absorbed, making them excellent prebiotics, according to "Biology and Chemistry of Jerusalem Artichoke." Once these prebiotics reach the colon, they stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria -- probiotics that occur naturally in the human gastrointestinal tract -- and other beneficial microorganisms. Another subtype within the prebiotic family is that of the galacto-oligosaccharides, or GOS, which are synthesized from lactose – a complex sugar present in cow's milk – by enzymatic activity within the body. GOS are also present in several nondairy foods.
Symbiosis of Prebiotics, Probiotics
Research has established strong evidence of a symbiotic relationship between prebiotics and probiotics, according to holistic nutritionist Allison Tannis, author of "Probiotic Rescue." She cites an animal study that showed the combination of the prebiotics inulin and oligofructose and the probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis significantly reduced the number of colon tumors found in test animals. She suggests that prebiotics and probiotics work hand in hand to promote better health. Tannis recommends a diet that includes adequate amounts of prebiotics to promote the health of the probiotic microflora that occur naturally in your intestinal tract.
Foods Rich in Prebiotics
Foods that contain high levels of inulin and FOS include asparagus, burdock, chicory, dandelion root, Jerusalem artichoke, leeks and onions, according to "The Condensed Encyclopedia of Healing Foods." Although enzymes can convert the lactose from milk into GOS in the human body, these prebiotics also occur naturally in several plant-based foods. These foods include grains, legumes and cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, collard greens, kale, radish and rutabaga, according to "Building Construction Handbook."
Other Health Benefits
Although they are best known for promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria or probiotics in your gastrointestinal tract, prebiotics have some additional benefits that make them a welcome addition to a healthy diet. Prime among these benefits is increased calcium absorption, which is particularly important for the maintenance of healthy bones and teeth. Given prebiotics' support of gastrointestinal health, medical researchers are also studying prebiotics to see how they may be useful in preventing or treating inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer, according to "Nondigestible Carbohydrates and Digestive Health."
References (5)
- Biology and Chemistry of Jerusalem Artichoke; Stanley J. Kays and Steven Nottingham
- Probiotic Rescue; Allison Tannis
- The Condensed Encyclopedia of Healing Foods; Michael T. Murray, et al.
- Building Construction Handbook; Roy Chudley and Roger Greeno
- Nondigestible Carbohydrates and Digestive Health; Teresa M. Paeschke and William R. Aimutis
Photo Credits
- asparagus image by cherie from Fotolia.com


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Apple never, ever expresses battery life based on the number of cells that make it up. The ThinkPad I have at work is available with a 4, 6, and 9-cell option. And I have no idea what any of it means or why I should care. Apple just tells me how long I can work without a power source, which is what I actually care about.
The PC-makers just don't get it.


text: Me and my husband have a 8,000 dollar balance on a chase credit card with a very low apr and it gets paid every month on time, each month with a automatic draft from our checking account. This works well as the balance is going down each month and nothing is getting added to this account with the exception of very little interest. Our payment is like 160 a month and goes down about 4 bucks each month. We'll they sent me a change of terms in the mail today telling me that as of my September statement date they will increase my minimum payment from 2% to 5%. That will go from 160 to 400 dollars a month. And they told me that I CANNOT opt out!!!! I will either have to transfer this balance elsewhere or really consider bankrupcty. I mean, they will possilby go from getting a payment on time each and every month to possibly getting little of nothing. I can't believe this crap! It even state this change is a direct result of my apr. Basically meaning that they are not making enough money on me. We'll they may just lose out all together if I file bankruptcy.


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ROSEANNE Getting A RevivalOne of the great sitcoms of the 1990s, Roseanne, is being resurrected as an "eight-episode limited series.
90's Movies That Would Be Inappropriate Today"Pretty Woman" is just one of the movies from the 1990s that would INAPPROPRIATE if released today.
'N Sync Will Reunite at Walk of Fame Ceremony This YearLance Bass has confirmed that the fellas of 'N Sync will reunite for two major events in the near future.
VIDEO: 1995 James Corden & Meatloaf InterviewCorden asked some great questions about his musical career, and Meatloaf actually gave him influential advice.
Lifetime Unveils Pictures From Full House Movie"This is hysterical!" #CutItOut
Alanis Morissette Talks Marriage, Jagged Little Pill's 20th Anniversary "If you ask any married woman, she's still angry," she said.
#TBT: Top Songs From The 90'sTaking it all the way back to the 1990s for #TBT!
If Facebook Were Invented in the 90s...
Smash Mouth Eats Eggs, No Longer "All Stars"


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Mutagenesis is the process of inducing mutations. Mutations may occur due to exposure to natural mutagens such as ultraviolet (UV) light, to industrial or environmental mutagens such as benzene or asbestos, or by deliberate mutagenesis for purposes of genetic research. For geneticists, the study of mutagenesis is important because mutants reveal the genetic mechanisms underlying heredity and gene expression. Mutations are also important for studying protein function: Often the importance of a protein cannot be characterized unless a mutant can be made in which that protein is absent.
Noninduced Mutagenic Agents
Environmental agents can influence the mutation rate not only by increasing it, but also by decreasing it. For example, antioxidants, which are found commonly in fruits and vegetables, are thought by many to protect against mutagens that are generated by normal cellular respiration. In addition to protective agents, however, many plants also contain deleterious mutagens known as carcinogens . Many chemical mutagens exist both naturally in the environment and as a result of human activity. Benzo(a)pyrene, for example, is produced by any incomplete burning, whether of tobacco in a cigarette or of wood in forest fires.
Spontaneous (noninduced) mutations are very rare, and finding them is difficult because most are recessive . The recessive nature of most mutations means that they will not be evident in most of the individuals who inherit them, for they will be hidden by the presence of the dominant allele. The rarity of mutations means that many individuals must be examined to find a mutant, whether they are people, other organisms, or even cells in culture.
Creating Mutations
To overcome the problem of the rarity of mutations, researchers induce mutations with a variety of agents. Hermann Muller was the first to do this when, in 1927, he used X rays on fruit flies (Drosophila ) to increase the mutation rate by more than 100-fold. Other high-energy forms of radiation can also be used to create mutations.
The first chemical to be recognized as a mutagen was mustard gas, which had been developed during World War I, but not tested until World War II by Auerbach and Robson, at the University of Edinburgh. Since then a wide variety of chemicals have been discovered that are also mutagenic. Some induce mutations at any point in the cell cycle, by disrupting DNA structure. Others only act during DNA replication. Called base analogs, these latter chemicals have structures similar to the bases found in DNA, and are incorporated instead of the normal base.
Transposable genetic elements (also called transposons, or "jumping genes") can also induce mutations. These elements insert randomly into the genome, and may disrupt gene function if inserted into a gene or its promoter. Finding the organism with a disrupted gene is made easier if the transposon carries with it a reporter gene whose product can be identified, or a selectable marker that allows the transformed cells to live while non-transformed ones die. (The use of reporter genes and selectable markers are techniques used in genetic analysis in the laboratory.) The transposon sequence itself serves as a molecular tag. Thus, if the target gene (the gene being studied) is interrupted, finding the transposon allows the researcher to find the gene.
All of the above methods disrupt genes randomly. However, specific genes can also be targeted, for "site-directed mutagenesis," if their sequence is known. Using the known sequence, a matching DNA sequence is inserted into a single-stranded vector . Short, complementary, partial sequences containing the desired mutation are then synthesized. These are allowed to pair up, and DNA polymerase is then used to complete the complementary strand. Further replication amplifies he number of copies of the mutant. In bacteria, the mutant gene can be placed on a plasmid for transformation of the bacteria. The bacteria make the mutant protein, and the effect of the mutation can then be studied. This is a key tool in studying how amino acid sequences affect protein structure, since individual amino acids can be changed, one at a time.
In eukaryotes, the mutant gene can be inserted into the chromosome of an experimental organism by "homologous recombination," a system in which the mutant gene switches places with the normal chromosomal gene. Such techniques can "knock out" and "knock in" genes bearing the desired mutations.
The First Mutagenesis Assay
Before DNA sequencing became widespread, most mutations could only be detected by their effects on the phenotype of the organism. Many mutations are recessive, however, and do not affect the phenotype if present in only one allele. Hermann Muller, who pioneered the study of mutations, overcame this problem by focusing on the X chromosome in his studies of the genetics of Drosophila, the fruit fly. While females have two X chromosomes, males have only one, so any mutated gene carried on the X chromosome is expressed in males, even if it is recessive. Hence recessive lethal mutations on the X chromosome kill any male inheriting them, but would not kill a female. Muller's method examined all of the genes on the X chromosome that could mutate to give a recessive lethal mutation. Muller used X rays to generate mutants. X rays are a very high-energy form of radiation, and break the DNA at numerous points. The method is shown in Figure 1.
Muller treated adult males with X rays and mated them to females who carried one copy of a specially prepared X chromosome, called ClB. This chromosome had a gene to prevent crossing over (C ), which kept the chromosome intact; a lethal recessive gene (l ) to kill any males that inherit it; and a dominant "bar eye" gene (B ) that resulted in a distinctive phenotypic change, making it easy to find female flies that inherited it.
Muller mated X-ray treated males with ClB -carrying females. All female offspring from this crossbreeding received one treated X chromosome from the male (which might or might not have carried a lethal recessive gene). They also received one X from the female, either normal or ClB. He selected only the bar-eyed females for further mating. To determine which of these females carried an X-ray induced lethal recessive, he separated each female into a separate jar, and examined their offspring.
Three types of males were created in this cross, depending on what type of X chromosome they inherited. Males inheriting the ClB chromosome died, due to the presence of the l gene. Males inheriting an X-ray-treated X chromosome with a lethal recessive died. Males inheriting an X-ray-treated X chromosome without a lethal recessive lived. Therefore, any jar with live males indicated that the mother did not carry a lethal recessive. Any jars with no males indicates the mother carried a lethal recessive, originally induced in the X-ray-treated male. The analysis was rapid because an experienced person could examine a bottle of flies and see at a glance if there were males present. Subsequent studies showed that this method tested almost 1,000 genes simultaneously, thus making it practical to use when detecting rare mutations. Unfortunately the breeding takes quite a lot of time, so this assay has now fallen largely into disuse, despite its historical importance.
Detecting Mutations
Today the mutagenic potential of chemicals is considered in evaluating the mutagenic risks posed by chemical exposure. Many new methods have been developed to determine if chemicals to which people will be exposed, such as new drugs, food additives, and pesticides, are mutagens. Since mutations can occur in any organism, and because there are many different kinds of mutations, there are a correspondingly wide variety of tests to detect them. No one test detects them all.
The Ames test was the first and remains the only test to be almost universally required by regulatory agencies as a minimum standard for determining if a chemical is mutagenic. The test is conducted in Salmonella bacteria. Since bacteria have only one chromosome, recessive mutations can be detected readily. Rare mutations are easily detected because mutants can be selected very simply. Several variants have been added to the original test, allowing for detection of many types of mutations. In an effort to make the test more relevant to human risk, one variant uses an extract of liver to mimic the biochemical modifications of chemicals that occur in the human liver.
Assays for Chromosome Aberrations.
Chromosomal aberrations can be detected by examining cells in mitosis or meiosis for changes (see Figure 2). Typically, bone marrow cells of mice or rats are examined for in vivo tests. Any cells can be used for tests of cells in culture, but Chinese hamster cells or human fibroblasts are most commonly used. Another test, called the micronucleus test, is also commonly used. Micronuclei are small nuclei that arise from pieces of chromosomes or whole chromosomes that have been lost during cell division. They are conveniently detected in mouse red blood cells, which have no normal nucleus but which often retain micronuclei. The micronucleus assay is also widely used in cultured cells.
Assays for Somatic Mutations.
Recessive mutations can be detected more readily on a mammalian X chromosome than on the other chromosomes, because only one X chromosome is active. Therefore, detection of the mutagenic potential of a substance in mammals can be most efficiently performed by analyzing the X-linked mutations. A system using the X-linked gene hprt has been widely used because the enzyme is not essential and because the addition of the drug thioguanine kills all cells except mutants. A count of the cells that can be cultured in the presence of thioguanine is a count of hprt mutants.
see also Ames Test; Mutagen; Mutation; Mutation Rates.
John Heddle
Griffiths, Anthony J. F., et al. An Introduction to Genetic Analysis. New York: W. H.Freeman, 2000.
Muller, Hermann J. "Artificial Transmutation of the Gene." Science 66 (1927): 84-87.
Rubin, G. M., and A. C. Spradling. "Genetic Transformation of Drosophila withTransposable Element Vectors." Science 218 (1982): 348-353.
Internet Resource
United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. <http://www.unscear.org/>.
Michael Smith of Canada received the 1993 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for invention of site-directed mutagenesis. He shared the prize with Kary Mullis, who invented the polymerase chain reaction.
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A mutagen is any substance or agent that can cause a mutation, or change in the sequence or structure of DNA. Mutagens are classified on the basis of their physical nature and the types of damage they do. A mutagen is not the same as a carcinogen. Carcinogens are agents that cause cancer. While many mutagens are carcinogens as well, many others are not. The Ames test is a widely used test to screen chemicals used in foods or medications for mutagenic potential.
Chemical Mutagens
There are many hundreds of known chemical mutagens. Some resemble the bases found in normal DNA; others alter the structures of existing bases; others insert themselves in the helix between bases; while others work indirectly, creating reactive compounds that directly damage the DNA structure.
"Base analogs" are molecules whose chemical structure is similar to one of the four DNA bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine). Because of this similarity, they can be incorporated into the helix during DNA replication. A key feature of mutagenic base analogs is that they form base pairs with more than one other base. This can cause mutations during the next round of replication, when the replication machinery tries to pair a new base with the incorporated mutagen. For instance, 5-bromo-deoxyuridine (5BU) exists in two different forms. One mimics thymine and therefore pairs with adenine during replication, while the other mimics cytosine and therefore pairs with guanine. In its thymine-mimicking form, 5BU can be incorporated across from an adenine. If it then converts to its cytosine-like form, during the next round of replication, it will cause a gua-nine to enter the opposite strand, rather than the correct adenine.
"Base-altering mutagens" cause chemical changes in bases that are part of the DNA. For example, nitrite preservatives in food convert to the mutagen nitrous acid. Nitrous acid causes deamination, or loss of an-NH2 group, of cytosine. When this occurs, cytosine becomes uracil, a base that is not normally incorporated in DNA but that is very similar to thymine. Unless repaired, this uracil will cause an adenine to enter the opposite strand instead of a guanine. Many base-altering mutagens are complex organic molecules. These are formed in large quantities in smoke, making up the "tar" of cigarette smoke, for example. They act as alkylating agents, combining with DNA to form bulky groups that interrupt replication.
"Intercalating agents" are flat molecules that insert themselves between adjacent bases in the double helix, distorting the shape at the point of insertion. Where this occurs, DNA polymerase may add an additional base opposite the intercalating agent. If this occurs in a gene, it induces a frameshift mutation (that is, it alters the reading of the gene transcript, changing which amino acids are added to the encoded protein). Ethidium bromide is one such agent, widely used in DNA research because its dark color allows DNA to be easily visualized. This is useful in gel electrophoresis, for instance, to find the DNA bands that have been separated in a gel.
Other damaging agents include chemicals that create "free radicals" inside a cell. Free radicals are compounds in which an atom, usually an oxygen, has an unbonded electron. Free radicals are highly reactive and can cause several types of damage to DNA.
Light and Radiation
Radiation refers to two different phenomena: light and high-energy particles. Visible light represents a small slice of the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes long-wavelength (low-energy) radio waves and short-wave-length (high-energy) ultraviolet waves, plus X rays and gamma rays. These high-energy forms can directly disrupt DNA by breaking its chemical bonds. In severe cases, this can break apart chromosomes, causing chromosome aberrations. More often, they create mutagenic free radicals in the cell. X rays were first used by Hermann Muller to induce mutations in fruit flies. They continue to be used to create mutations in model organisms to study genes and their effects.
Ultraviolet light is less energetic than X rays but causes mutations nonetheless. The higher-energy form, UV-B, is more toxic than UV-A, because of its potential to cause cross-linking between adjacent thymine or cytosine bases, creating a so-called pyrimidine dimer (cytosine and thymine are chemically classified as pyrimidines). Pyrimidine dimers interrupt replication. UV-A does not cause dimer formation but can still cause mutations by creating free radicals.
Another meaning of the term "radiation" is high-energy particles released during the breakdown of radioactive elements, such as uranium. These particles are either electrons (called beta particles) or helium nuclei (called alpha particles). Their energy is sufficient to disrupt DNA structure, or to create free radicals.
Repairing the Damage
DNA is constantly being damaged, and it is constantly being repaired as well. It is only when the damage is not repaired that a mutation can lead to cancer or cell death. The DNA repair enzymes can recognize damaged nucleotides and remove and replace them. The human liver contains a large number of enzymes whose role is to detoxify toxic compounds, mutagenic or otherwise, by chemically reacting them. However, in some cases these enzymes (called cytochrome P450s) actually create mutagens during the course of these reactions. Such "bioactivation" may be a significant source of mutagens.
see also Carcinogens; Chromosomal Aberrations; DNA Repair; Muller, Hermann; Mutagenesis; Mutation.
Richard Robinson
Philp, Richard B. Ecosystems and Human Health: Toxicology and Environmental Hazards, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers, 2001.
Brusick, David. Principles of Genetic Toxicology, 2nd ed. New York: Plenum Press, 1987.
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Mutagens are chemical agents that cause changes in the genetic code which are then passed on to future generations of an organism. Mutations are usually chemical in nature and often carcinogenic, but may also be caused by physical damage produced by x rays or other causes. A mutation changes the activity of a gene. Mutations are frequent in lower forms of life and may help these organisms adapt to changes in their environments.
Proteins are composed of chains of amino acids. In the genetic code of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA ), a codon or three-base sequence codes for the placement of each amino acid; for example, the codon UUU places phenylalanine at that location in the protein and replacement of the third base with adenine results in the placement of leucine instead of phenylalanine. If a portion of the original code read … UUUACG …, deleting one of the uridine bases would cause that portion of the code to read … UUACG… ; the sequence UUA would then specify leucine. A point mutation changing one base might result in the formation of a different protein.
Mutations can occur by several mechanisms, such as replacing one nucleotide base with another or by adding or removing a base; they can also develop when a carcinogenic agent such as an aromatic hydrocarbon molecule is inserted between the strands of DNA, causing the code to be misread. Some chemical mutagens such as nitrites change one base into another, resulting in a new sequence of amino acids and the synthesis of a new protein. The modified protein might function normally or might not be useful at all, but it could be dangerous.
Many mutagenic agents are also carcinogenic, and the Ames test provides a quick method for screening foods and other substances for potential cancer-causing agents.
The Ames test is a method for screening potential mutagens. The test uses auxotrophs (strains that have lost the ability to synthesize a needed substance) of Salmonella typhimurium that carry mutant genes, making them unable to synthesize histidine. They can live on media containing histidine, but die when the amino acid is depleted. The bacteria are especially sensitive to back mutations that reactivate the gene for the synthesis of histidine; exposure to mutagenic substances allows the bacteria to grow rapidly, developing large and numerous colonies.
see also Carcinogen; Codon.
Dan M. Sullivan
Devlin, Thomas M., ed. (2002). Textbook of Biochemistry: With Clinical Correlations, 5th edition. New York: Wiley-Liss.
Voet, D.; Voet, J. G.; and Pratt, C. W. (2003). Biochemistry, 3rd edition. New York: Wiley.
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"Mutagen." Chemistry: Foundations and Applications. . Retrieved November 24, 2017 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/science/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/mutagen
mu·ta·gen / ˈmyoōtəjən/ • n. an agent, such as radiation or a chemical substance, that causes genetic mutation. DERIVATIVES: mu·ta·gen·e·sis / ˌmyoōtəˈjenəsəs/ n. mu·ta·gen·ic / ˌmyoōtəˈjenik/ adj.
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"mutagen." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. . Encyclopedia.com. (November 24, 2017). http://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/mutagen
"mutagen." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. . Retrieved November 24, 2017 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/mutagen
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"mutagen." A Dictionary of Biology. . Retrieved November 24, 2017 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/mutagen-2
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"mutagen." A Dictionary of Ecology. . Retrieved November 24, 2017 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/mutagen
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"mutagen." A Dictionary of Plant Sciences. . Retrieved November 24, 2017 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/mutagen-0
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"mutagen." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. . Retrieved November 24, 2017 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/education/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/mutagen
mutagen: see mutation.
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Rising from the bluffs above Sylvan and Fort Worth avenues is the restored Belmont Hotel, whose owner Monte Anderson took a chance when few saw promise for this intersection. Now, diagonally across Sylvan from the Belmont's lofty perch, is a large cleared lot set to become the biggest economic development project this neighborhood has seen in years.
Sylvan Thirty is a proposed 6-acre mixed-use development of restaurants, neighborhood services and apartments. The estimated $47 million project, which earlier this month won Dallas City Council approval, is set to open next year with Duncanville-based Cox Farms Market as its main retail anchor.
The blueprint is precisely what this community on the edge of West Dallas and Oak Cliff needs — a combination of smart economic development, fresh food options and new urban streetscapes. With the opening of the Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge next spring, projects like Sylvan Thirty are crucial opportunities to reverse a legacy of industrial blight, development miscues and benign neglect.
While the bridge already has drawn national acclaim, West Dallas' long-term success depends on the ability of economic engines to change perceptions of an area still too frequently dismissed as a place to avoid. Sylvan Thirty could provide what developers and urban planners refer to as the "critical mass" of new retail and housing that would persuade other developers to take another look at this part of our city.
The addition of residents for the 200 new apartments, for example, will help support the grocery store and demonstrate that other service businesses could make a go of it here. Ideally, success will build upon success, and the intersection can replicate the achievements of the walkable urban environment of the Bishop Arts District or the Knox-Henderson area. Signs of such change are sprouting: Within a few hundred yards of the Sylvan Thirty site, an old RV park is being converted into new businesses and the former Jack's Backyard could soon house a restaurant, bar and food truck operation.
Developers Oaxaca Interests and Drexel Realty Partners worked with the CityDesign Studio to make sure the Sylvan Thirty project fits into the overall look of plans for West Dallas. In addition to city approval, the project has had support from residents in both Oak Cliff and West Dallas. This newspaper's expectation is that Sylvan Thirty will set the tone for a bright future for West Dallas.


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