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The BBC's director of sport, Roger Mosey, is to step down from his role in order to lead the corporation's preparations and operations for the London 2012 Olympic games.
Mosey will take on the new job of BBC director of London 2012, described by one source as a "mega-job".
He will oversee the corporation's sport and cultural plans for what will be the biggest event the UK has ever hosted - and the biggest ever BBC production.
The BBC director general, Mark Thompson, said: "London 2012 is one of the biggest events in the UK to be held in our lifetimes and requires all our focus and energy.
"Now is the right time to take this important step in the BBC's planning for this momentous year.
"I witnessed first hand in Beijing what is required to successfully deliver such a major broadcasting event, and we all saw the outstanding coverage by the BBC.
"I believe Roger Mosey is ideally placed to fulfill such a challenging and important new role."
Mosey, who will step down as director of sport once a replacement has been appointed, oversaw the BBC's hugely successful coverage of the Beijing games last month.
In his new role, as well as dealing with the BBC's own preparations for 2012, he will also lead the corporation's relationship with external bodies such as the London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games (Locog).
Although the BBC is not the host broadcaster for the 2012 games - coverage is contracted out by an Olympic company to broadcasters from around the world - expectations will be high for what it can do.
Mosey has previously said he believes the games - which will coincide with the switchover to digital TV - will be as pivotal for British TV as the Coronation was 50 years ago, with the BBC hoping to show every event live.
"We know the Olympics are big operations and are even bigger now with the scale of the media interest," one BBC source said.
"What will be different next time is they are in Britain and, while there isn't a host broadcaster, the BBC has got to be perfect. It has really got to do a job where everyone says 'thank God for the BBC' and we need a big figure to make this happen."
Mosey, who has been director of sport since August 2005, has had a number of high-profile roles within the BBC - he has been editor of Radio 4's Today programme, controller of BBC Radio 5 Live and head of BBC television news.
In his new role, he will report to the deputy director general, Mark Byford, who is chairman of the BBC-wide London 2012 steering group.
Byford said: "The scale of the planning involved for London 2012 means it's right we appoint a full-time coordinating director now and Roger will be a pivotal player in ensuring the BBC provides well-coordinated, outstanding and innovative content."
Mosey added: "I am delighted to be taking up this exciting new role and new challenge which will allow us to build on the success of Beijing and deliver something even bigger and better for London.
"I believe there's a fantastic opportunity to bring the whole of the BBC together - globally, nationally and locally - to provide an unforgettable sporting and cultural experience for our audiences."
The change of role will mean Mosey will not move with the rest of the sport department to its new home in Salford in 2011.
A small team, thought to be around 20 to 30 people, will stay in the capital to oversee preparations.
Meanwhile, BBC sport's head of events, Dave Gordon, who coordinated the Beijing coverage, has also been confirmed in the role for the London games.
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IPSC and Multiple targets
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March 24, 1999, 05:33 PM
Join Date: January 22, 1999
Location: Farmington Hills, MI
Posts: 72
Nice run.
As for cover and shooting positions in IPSC, yes we do have that. There are "classifier" stages that are published with exact dimensions and target locations so that every club sets them up the same. Some involve what is commonly referred to as a Bianchi barricade.
We had a stage that was used as a classifier with three targets (back two 12 feet apart, front one in the middle about 4 feet forward). The center target has two No-Shoots on it about half way up. Had to crouch under a bar behind the barricade to put 1 round on each target and then change positions and put one round on each target again. Do same again from opposite side and then a third string where you put two rounds on each, reload and change position and two rounds on each again.
We shot the classifier and then set up a box right in front of the barricade. Since we were indoors and wanted a high round count match, we "re-used" the same target setup, but with a different stage description. It went something like "Engage T1 with 6 rounds, perform a mandatory reload, engage T2 with six rounds, perform a mandatory reload and engage T3 with 6 rounds". 18 rounds total with 2 reloads. This tested reloading ability and shot to shot recovery.
My time was 7.88 seconds, down 2 points with the Open gun. The results aren't out yet, but I think I won that stage. <big grin>
Is this real life. No, it's a game. Do I think it helped my ability to shoot my defensive gun? Absolutely.
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Raakel: "The music I listen to in the morning, sets the clothes I wear. My favorite brand is Diesel. These jeans are Cheap Monday, boots and bag are second hand, shirts are from Brussels."
Hanna: "My friend gave me this leather jacket, my grandmother made these shorts. She has made lots of clothes for me – she's my favorite designer!"


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ACParadise Network: American Cosplay Paradise American Cosplay Experience American Cosplay Snapshots
Cosplayer Stray Wind > Costume of Yuffie Kisaragi (Final Fantasy VII: Crisis Core)
- Most Recent Photo
- 11-18-2011
- Series
- Final Fantasy VII: Crisis Core
- Character
- Yuffie Kisaragi
- Year Completed:
- 2015
- Construction Difficulty:
- Easy
- Costume worn at:
- Youmacon 2011
About this Costume
- Construction Details:
In 2010 Jukebox suggested that herself, Ammie and I should Cosplay from Final Fantasy VII as Aeris and Yuffie and she would be Tifa. I didn't really jump at the idea because I'm not really an RPG game fan and I never played VII. Over the summer of 2011 the idea came up again and I heard Kyle Mistry and also The Letter Jay would be in the group as Zack and Cloud so I started thinking about it more seriously. I found Yuffie's Crisis Core design that was a lot more simplistic than her standard FFVII outfit so I decided that I would make that version as it would be a quick costume to make and be part of the group for Youmacon 2011.
I modified McCall's pattern M5955 for the shirt and I used Simplicity pattern 2280 to make the shorts. The patterning for the shirt worked out pretty well, but I'm not very happy with the hooded collar. Construction of this costume was pretty simple although I kept running into issues with the fit of elements of the shirt and I had to re-sew some parts of the shirt several times.
- Personal Thoughts:
- Overall, the costume worked out pretty well although it's not really very flattering costume on me. XD I struggled with my wig and the headband slipping back, but I had a lot of fun in the FFVII group. I feel like such a poser in this costume given that I don't really play FF games, though. I really appreciate my friends inviting me into the group! Everyone else in the group looked amazing! The attention to detail that they had with their costumes was fantastic. I do think Yuffie is an adorable character and I have to say that this costume was super comfy for running around the Youmacon hotel!
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Timbaland ft. Pitbull & David Guetta - Pass at Me
Released to a disappointing critical and commercial reception back in 2009, Timbaland's Shock Value II represented a sizable step backwards from its "near-classic" predecessor, and 2010 online series Timbaland Thursdays, did little to rebuild his stature. So, what's next for Timbo—a fresh start? A book deal? A long vacation? Nope; he's doubling down with another Shock Value album. Newly-released lead single Pass at Me finds him—where else?—hanging at the local spot, spitting game to a shawty whose smooth moves never fail to turn him on. While the premise is club boilerplate, there's no denying the record's dancefloor appeal. Presumably assisted by heavyweight guest (and club mainstay) David Guetta, Timbo blends syncopated percussion, a thumping bassline and a classic "Ole, ole, ole…" chants into a compulsively body-moving backdrop for his reflections on the female form, as well as some bawdy, nursery rhyme-inspired bars from Pitbull ("Jack and Jill went up the hill, each with a buck and a quarter / Jill came back with $2.50, what a working girl…"). Is this the kind of material that'll help Timbaland bounce back from his recent funk? You decide—and keep it locked all the latest details on the yet-unscheduled Shock Value III.


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"I got really upset about that because he did it in kind of a cruel way, trying to be [a] funny, on-the-edge comedian, and it didn't go [over well]," Shyamalan says. "The crowd moaned everybody moaned because he said it. It wasn't a cool thing, and I don't think he got a lot of satisfaction out of it. I know he received a lot of negative attention for it." Calls to Lane's spokesperson were not returned at press time.
Despite one actor's lapse in judgement, Shyamalan has faith that the average moviegoer as well as members of the media will keep Unbreakable's 11th hour jolt to themselves, much the same way they did with The Sixth Sense. "It's just not human nature to go, 'Guess what, I'm going to tell you the ending of Unbreakable,'" he says. "The only person it hurts is the person who you're talking to. It doesn't hurt [me], because if you go and tell somebody the ending they're still [likely] to come see it. So, it's just hurting the person you're telling It's a very unsatisfying thing to do and a very unkind thing to do."
Besides, the 29-year-old Philadelphia native believes that if audiences fall in love with Unbreakable (opening Nov. 22), it will all be a moot point. And if they don't? Well, all bets are off. "It doesn't [make sense] to do it if you're happy with [the film]," he continues. "I mean, if they hated Sixth Sense and hated Unbreakable, they'd be like, 'Oh my God.' [and give away the ending. But,] if we do our job right, I don't think it's an issue."


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At Gemvara, we believe that the jewelry you wear should be one of a kind, like you. That's why we make each piece to order, one at a time, just the way you want it. Choose Pearl and Platinum or Pink Sapphire and Palladium: it's your choice. Mix and match gems and precious metals for a look that's exactly you. Gemvara uses only the highest quality materials to craft your Anniversary Gift Ideas: Citrine Statement Jewelry design with meticulous attention to detail. Our precious metals are recycled or responsibly mined. Citrine warms the heart with its gentle glow.Our wide selection of Anniversary Gift Ideas: Citrine Statement Jewelry by talented designers means you can find jewelry that's exactly your style. You can also shop by style, choosing our Eclipse, Infinity, or Signet Collections. Gemvara's fine quality Anniversary Gift Ideas: Citrine Statement Jewelry is designed to be passed down for generations to come, crafted by hand in the United States.
We can help right away. Chat with a jewelry expert now!


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SALT LAKE CITY — A Riverton man has filed a personal injury lawsuit against an Idaho resident his wife left him for alleging alienation of affection and intentional affliction of emotional distress.
He is seeking $1.5 million in damages.
In the lawsuit filed in 3rd District Court Thursday, the man states that he and his wife were married in 1995 and had two children, now ages 14 and 16. In 2010, though, the "defendant" — a former Utah man now residing in Idaho — began an "illicit" affair with the man's wife.
According to the lawsuit, the defendant knew the woman was married and that she had children but carried on the affair throughout 2010 and 2011. On Sept. 15, the man's wife moved to Burley, Idaho, to live with the defendant, leaving her husband and children behind.
"At all times during the affair, defendant knew that plaintiff was entitled to the lawful, natural and conjugal rights and privileges with his spouse, which included, but are not limited to love, companionship, services, income and comfort that form the foundation of a marriage," the lawsuit states.
It goes on to state that the defendant also knew that the couple's children were entitled to the stability and comfort of a "family life with two parents" and that the defendant's decision to pursue the man's wife and carry on the affair was the "controlling cause of the deterioration of (the man's) marital relationship."
The man contends in the lawsuit that the defendant's actions led to his wife's abandonment of their marriage and children.
"Defendant's pattern of conduct pursuing (the wife) and the illicit affair intentionally or recklessly caused foreseeable harm to plaintiff and the children," the lawsuit states. "At all times defendant knew that his conduct was targeted, certain and inevitable to alienate the affection of (wife) toward plaintiff and the children."
The man requested $250,000 in damages for alienation of affection, another $250,000 for intentional or reckless infliction of emotional distress and $1 million in punitive damages. He alleges that the man who had an affair with his wife "committed a pattern of secretive acts deliberately hidden" that were meant to "destroy" their family.
"Defendant's conduct is reprehensible, not acceptable by any standards in this community and should be made an example of so as to deter like-minded individuals," the lawsuit states.5 comments on this story
Attorney James Ziter, who is representing the man who filed the lawsuit, said that while these cases are "very uncommon," they aren't all that different from cases where different injuries and pains are inflicted and compensation is requested.
"For plaintiffs in these types of lawsuits they suffer financial damages because of the interference and that's what generates these kinds of lawsuits," Ziter said.
Utah is one of only seven states that allows for alienation of affection claims, but, Ziter said, "it's certainly a law of action alive and well in the state of Utah."
E-mail: email@example.com, Twitter: DNewsCrimeTeam


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Igarashi has rough first game with Blue Jays
Igarashi has rough first game with Blue Jays
Igarashi surrendered a pair of runs on four hits and two walks in one inning of work. He was also forced to throw 41 pitches, and didn't have the type of typical command that made him the most valuable reliever on Triple-A Las Vegas' roster this season.
"Pitches up in the strike zone," Blue Jays manager John Farrell said. "He had plenty of power to his stuff, but fastballs found their way over the middle of the plate. Whether it was a check swing by [Yorvit] Torrealba for a base hit or a walk mixed in -- 41 pitches to get through the inning, that's a long one."
The 32-year-old Igarashi posted a 1.29 ERA in 21 innings with Las Vegas, while striking out 28 and walking just three. He posted similar numbers last year in the Mets' farm system but has yet to see that success translate to the Major League level.
Igarashi has a 5.91 ERA in 70 career innings in the Major Leagues with the Mets and Blue Jays.


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Sunday, February 17, 2013
Yasmin Christopher, victimized with family members during her childhood, is seen in her Seattle apartment. The Seattle University law student says hearing her father's story one day might help her understand her personal history and the complex issue of human trafficking.
Photography home | Most viewed photos | Purchase photos | Video home
© 2013 The Seattle Times Company


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My Nonprofit Reviews
Review for AID FOR THE CHILDREN OF LIBERIA, Philadelphia, PA, USA
I am touched by the way children continue to suffer in conflict as a result of ill decisions from incompitent politicians.
Children in post war urban and rural Liberian communities were gruesomely affected by war. Aside from the risk of death from cold and hunger, they are constantly under threat of being trafficked and sexually exploited.
I see these precious boys and girls struggle daily for food, mostly roaming around with shaggy pieces of rags on their bodies for clothes; most of them naked, homeless, hungry, and vulnerable to adult predators. They are forced, on a daily basis to render sex or domestic service to their predators. Their mindset need to be changed. Their hope and dignity need to be restored. Their self esteem need to be rebuilt.
Today, an estimated 85% of children between the ages of 9 and 17 years old are invloved in pitty trade on the streets and market places, trying to earn income for households. Some are even as young as 6, selling in the streets, either because the parents are unployed and can no longer afford to provide food, clothing, shelter and school fees; or the parents, if employed, underpaid salary is too inadequate to meet the basic needs for their families. For them, it justifies why children get involved in street trade.
I support ACL to help provide opportunity for children to wear clothes, ejoy the right to eat well and play, and have access to school.
Some times its difficult to convince people to put resources into such iniatives. Thats the hurtful part.
More Feedback
I've personally experienced the results of this organization in...
I am volunteering in this organization as the Senior Program Consultant because I know what it is like to be naked and hungry. This organization has made remarkable impact on more 1,000 children in the past 24 months.
If I had to make changes to this organization, I would...
I would add a local after school civic engagement activities for children in the local community wher i live.


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- - Fits true to size, take your normal size
- - Tailored for a loose fit
- - Regular mid-weight non-stretchy fabric
- - Those with a petite frame may wish to take the next size down
- - Model is 177cm/ 5'10" and is wearing a DK size 34
By Malene Birger's white linen-blend blazer is the hero piece your spring wardrobe needs. Cut for a loose fit, this mid-weight style is fully lined and will work with everything from a printed dress to tailored shorts. For a classic suiting look, team it with the matching pants.
Shown here with: Maria Black earring, J Brand top, Eddie Borgo cuff, Arme De L'Amour cuff, Jennifer Fisher cuff, Gianvito Rossi shoes, M2Malletier bag.
- - White linen-blend
- - Notched lapels, two front welt pockets, back vent, internal slit pocket, fully lined
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- - 55% linen, 45% viscose; trim: 100% viscose; lining: 100% viscose
- - Dry clean
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Leave it to Jonathan Toews to find a silver lining when most observers see a lightning-quick dismantling of the Stanley Cup champions.
It was something that was kind of inevitable, Toews said of the recent flurry of trades involving key members of the Chicago Blackhawks Stanley Cup run. We knew it was going to happen but weve got some great memories that we can look back on.
The pride of St. Vital and captain of the Blackhawks was enjoying Day 2 with Lord Stanleys mug in his hometown Monday and was on hand for the Boston Pizza Jonathan Toews FORE Kids Golf Classic at Pine Ridge. The event raised $100,000 for the Childrens Rehabilitation Centre
He took part in an engaging question-and-answer period on the driving range as part of the kick-off event for the Canadian Tour Players Cup.
The captains memories include capturing the first Stanley Cup for the franchise since 1961 after the Blackhawks eliminated the Philadelphia Flyers in overtime of Game 6 on the now-famous goal by Patrick Kane.
Again, you try to enjoy it for what it is, said Toews, who signed autographs and posed for pictures with the Stanley Cup on Monday. We had a special team, a special group of guys this year and well never forget what we accomplished.
Toews admits the celebrations have taken on a bit of a muted tone, with the news that several key cogs including Dustin Byfuglien, Kris Versteeg, Brent Sopel, Ben Eager and Andrew Ladd will all be playing hockey elsewhere next season.
Its tough for you in a selfish way because you want those guys to be there and you want the team to stay the same, said Toews. Its worse for those guys who dont get to stay in a great city like Chicago. We knew something was going to happen, but we didnt expect so many guys to be moved so quick.
The Blackhawks did get some good news on Monday when they matched the San Jose Sharks offer sheet for defenceman Nicklas Hjalmarsson.
But in order to keep the talented Swedish blue-liner, there has already been speculation that either Brian Campbell or Winnipeg-born Patrick Sharp might have to be moved to keep the Blackhawks under the salary cap.
No matter what subsequent moves are made, Toews believes in the core group and expects to be in the thick of things during the title defence.
Were excited for something special, said Toews, who also helped Canada win an Olympic gold medal in 2010 and was named top forward in the tournament. We know were going to have a good team again next year. Theres no reason we cant get back to where we were.
While most players especially stars dont give much thought to pre-season games, Toews already has Sept. 22 circled on his calendar.
Thats when the Blackhawks will face the Tampa Bay Lightning at the MTS Centre.
In case there was any doubt, Toews plans to be in the lineup for the game in his hometown.
Ill be pushing for that, said Toews.
Thatll be like the season opener for me and Ill be ready for that one. I was so excited to find out that were coming here. Its been over five, six years since the last time Ive actually played a real game in my hometown. Thatll be special.
As for all of the hoopla and honours bestowed upon him over the last few days, Toews said he was just happy to be able to share the moment with family and friends.
Ive been looking forward to these couple of days here for a long time and its great to finally bring the Cup home and do all sorts of things with it, he said.


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Ganetespib Shows Promise in Phase II Trial
Date of presentation: December 12, 2013
In an ongoing Phase 2 clinical trial, the investigational drug ganetespib produced tumor shrinkage or stable disease in 7 of the first 11 patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer who were enrolled in the trial. These results were presented at the 2013 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium.
Ganetespib is an investigational drug that targets a protein known as heat shock protein (Hsp) 90. Hsp90 is necessary for the function of several other proteins that are known to play an important role in cancer. In addition to breast cancer, ganetespib is being studied for the treatment of lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and hematologic (blood) cancers.
The current results come from an ongoing clinical trial known as ENCHANT-1. The study is testing the activity of ganetespib among women with advanced HER2-positive or triple-negative breast cancer. Study participants are treated with 12 weeks of ganetespib prior to standard first-line treatment.
- Among the first 11 women with triple-negative breast cancer, two had tumor shrinkage and five had stable disease. One of the women who responded to treatment had no detectable cancer (complete clinical response) at her 12-week physical exam.
- Among the first 4 women with HER2-positive breast cancer, three had tumor shrinkage and one had stable disease.
- Side effects of ganetespib include diarrhea, fatigue, and nausea.
These preliminary results suggest that ganetespib causes tumor shrinkage in some women with advanced triple-negative or HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. Enrollment in this trial is ongoing. Additional results will be presented at another medical meeting next year.
Awada A, Spector N, El-Hariry I et al. The ENCHANT-1 trial (NCT01677455): An open label multicenter phase 2 proof of concept study evaluating first line ganetespib monotherapy in women with metastatic HER2 positive or triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Presented at the 2013 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium. Abstract P2-16-23.[ Full text available here ]


text: Finance Minister Pravin Gordhan in parliament. (Picture: AFP) ~ AFP RELATED ARTICLES Budget in a nutshell Gordhan's National Budget Speech Calculate your tax Johannesburg - Finance Minister Pravin Gordhan's 2013 Budget was "very forward-looking" in that deadlines were announced for changes in future, a tax expert said on Wednesday. "Tax payers can breathe a sigh of relief, because overall the status quo remains," said Willem Oberholzer of tax and advisory firm Grant Thornton Pretoria. He said the government appeared to be consolidating its position on taxes. "We've seen tax reforms for at least three years that were very big and this year is different." He said Gordhan's "more compliance-themed" budget for 2013 seemed to focus on consolidating and collections. "The effect of the proposed changes is that they will seek to collect 11 percent more from individuals compared to only 8.6 percent more from corporates." Neville Sweidan, head of forensic services at Grant Thornton Johannesburg, said Gordhan provided a long discourse on the government's determination to fight corruption, with particular reference to procurement. But he said there was already a lack of seriousness in enforcement, although mechanisms like the Public Protector existed. "There appears to be up to now a lack of political will to utilise these mechanisms to their best advantage." * Visit our Budget Centre for full coverage of the 2013 Budget Speech, including a sin tax and personal tax calculator. share:


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Photo by Jeanne RiceHuntington Beach's Skatanic Rednecks are probably the only group of Orange County musicians who have no problem admitting their act has more to do with style—cow-skull necklaces, 1970s-era truck-driver hats and sunglasses, sleeveless dress shirts, and cowboy boots, to be exact—than substance. Lead singer Hank Reulr says the band's music is a combination of "skate rock, punk rock, blues, country, rockabilly, metal—especially the country stuff." But the Skatanic Rednecks—Reulr, the Skatanic Mechanic, the Bloodsucker Trucker, Jesus Diablo, the Fishin' Musician and Dogboy Sasquatch—don't want their music to distract the public from their business agenda. That agenda? To create a cult following—not to mention an action-sports base—for their peculiar brand of redneck-meets-thrasher style.
OC Weekly: What kind of music do you play?
Hank Reulr: We call it country death metal, poolside power-slop with a little bit of Western slam. We're influenced by old-style country, like Hank Williams and Johnny Cash. We happen to be skaters, and we happen to be rednecks. I grew up in Texas as a skateboarder and punk rocker. My whole family was into country. I kind of hated it because I was punk rock, but then there were some songs that were so good that even if I hated them, when I heard them, I'd get into those songs because the stories were so great.
What do you like to wear?
Reulr: I'm sort of like an old-style cowboy. I've got a gun belt, and a Western shirt, and a hat that's been burned and thrashed. When I skate, I usually wear a pair of Hurley stretch denims and a T-shirt. Hurley also makes some really cool Western shirts with pearl buttons and embroidered roses. I wear a Fender trucker hat and a United States logo T-shirt by Hurley. Usually when I skate, I don't wear my whole redneck get-up unless we're playing a show. Then I wear one boot and an Osirus skate shoe.
Jesus Diablo: I wear boots with my shorts.
Reulr: The Skatanic Mechanic is a real-life mechanic, and he's got two black eyes and two missing front teeth.
Dogboy Sasquatch: My wardrobe is inspired by the craziest, darkest times of my life. I have a mullet, but sometimes I wear a big bullhorn helmet, Viking-style. I wear tight plaid pants with a Texas belt buckle and cowboy boots. I have a sleeveless Western shirt with scorpions on it; the key to the shirt is to get something that starts out a little distressed and then don't wash it for a few months. I have a mini cow skull that I wear around my neck on a leather cord. People think it's a rat skull with horns glued to it. The question people ask is: "That's not real, is it?"
Reulr [pointing at Dogboy Sasquatch]: We're brothers. He was born inbred, corn-fed and belongs in the shed.
How do you reconcile your redneck sensibilities with the demands of your professional skateboard career?
Reulr: I love listening to Suicidal Tendencies and Dead Kennedys when I skate. But I also love listening to Johnny Cash or Hank Williams. It just puts you in a different mindset. You can either be really amped and just go crazy or you can kick back, relax, and just have fun and enjoy it. So skateboarding and country music actually combine in a pretty good way. Being a skateboarder kind of opens your eyes to a lot of different things because you're always searching out that next spot you're gonna skate.
You just starred in the skateboarding documentaryChlorine, which profiles the suburban phenomenon of skating in unused backyard swimming pools. How do you find new places to skate?
Reulr: Basically, it's networking with your friends and driving around searching the neighborhoods that are really run-down, and you look for houses where nobody lives or that are under construction, and you just go check it out. They'll bury the pool; we'll dig it out. They fill it with water; we empty it. They bulldoze it; we'll rebuild it. We cannot be stopped.
What else do you do for fun?
Reulr: There's a show in Ohio on a 100-acre ranch called Skatopia. You can buy a car for $100 and blow it up. You drive it around the ranch until you crash it enough times, and then you put bottle rockets in the gas tank and let the gas leak and shoot a bottle rocket into it and blow it up. Then we ram it with other cars and have, like, smash-up derbies. But besides all that, there's a bunch of skate bowls inside the warehouse, and our band played right there by the skate bowls. So we were skating and partying with, like, 500 or so people over five days.
You guys have a song called "Bin Laden Must Die." Are you guys really rednecks or just poseurs?
Reulr: That's kind of the irony. We're really patriotic and really proud to be American, but we're also very open to other cultures. We're completely the opposite of people who are racist or people who are snobby. We're not anti-anything, and we're not jumping on the bandwagon of anything. We're just having fun with all the different combinations of heritage, music, lifestyles and attitudes.
So you're not really rednecks…
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Reulr: We're all rednecks at heart. We like huntin' and fishin' and NASCAR.
There's nothing more redneck than NASCAR. What's your favorite beer?
Reulr: Pabst Blue Ribbon.
Skatanic Rednecks perform at Gallagher's Pub & Grill, 300 Pacific Coast Hwy., Ste. 113, Huntington Beach, (714) 536-2422. Mon. Call for time, cover and age restriction.


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ONCE YOU BECOME aware of all the elements that go into a wedding you can begin planning for that special day. A comprehensive checklist will be your favorite companion as you search the town for your perfect wedding accents and accessories.
As a bride and groom, you want your wedding to be perfect. From the ceremony to the reception, you'll need to consider all the details. Whether a garden reception, an ultra-formal ceremony or a wedding/honeymoon combination, each wedding shares common characteristics upon which a couple must agree.
Once you've agreed to tie the knot, the days up until your wedding will be a whirlwind of activity. By knowing what tasks you should tackle now and which are better reserved for later, you'll have plenty of time to plan the wedding of your dreams.
This basic checklist can get you started on your way to a beautiful wedding day.
Set the date - As soon as possible after getting engaged, you should select a wedding date and decide on the type of wedding you would like to have. From a traditional ceremony in a church to a surprise wedding, where guests are invited to a "party" that turns out to be a wedding, you can personalize the event and plan a wedding that reflects your lifestyles and interests.
Reserve a location - Reserve the church or location of the ceremony soon after setting the date to ensure you can get married on the day you've chosen. Then, you need to reserve a reception location. Most party houses and reception halls have party planners and catering directors who can assist you in planning your dream wedding.
Select a photographer - Every photographer has a different style. You should choose one who will accommodate your wishes, like taking the types and number of shots you want, attending both the ceremony and reception, and offering the album design you would like. The photographer's personality is very important - you will be spending an entire day with this person, so you should choose someone who will make you feel comfortable.
Book reception entertainment - Select a band or disc jockey who will cater to everyone at the reception - both the younger and older generations. The musical selections should be diverse, and requests from the guests should
be taken.
Arrange wedding transportation - Whether it's a Rolls-Royce, stretch limo, horse and buggy, or double-decker bus,
you should plan for transportation to and from the ceremony and to the reception for yourself and your attendants. Make reservations early, especially if you want a white car.
Order dresses - Shopping for a wedding dress, headpiece and bridesmaid dresses is one of the most fun parts of the planning process.
Choose a wedding dress that reflects your style and personality - and makes you look beautiful. When considering dresses for your attendants, you should opt for a style that complements your dress, as well as the women in your party.
Choose a florist - Flowers can add an elegant touch to the wedding day, and every florist has a unique style. Select one whose arrangements you like and who can offer helpful, creative ideas about bouquets, corsages and centerpieces.
Decide on a bakery - Select a bakery based on the varieties of the cakes offered and the look of previous work. Ask for a taste of the different types of cake offered, and check if the bakery will be able to create the design that you want.
Select formalwear - Whether it's a basic tuxedo or a top hat and tail coat, formalwear completes the look of the wedding party.
Select a formalwear provider who offers the style you want, has a variety of sizes available to fit all of the male attendants, and offers a large selection of bow ties and cummerbunds or vests.
Order invitations - Invitations come in many different styles, so you will have a number of books to look through. Decide on a design that best suits the wedding, based on its formality, the time of day and the wedding colors. A stationery professional can help them with this decision.
With these important decisions made, you only have a few things left to do, like selecting favors, writing a wedding bulletin and buying thank-you gifts for your attendants.
You are now well on your way to the wedding of your dreams.
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Is magic real?
We all have our own way of looking or perceiving things. But the human mind loves mystery. An enigma that cannot be explained easily. Something that confuses us and makes us wonder how or what makes such and such a thing work. And if the answer is not acceptable in its obvious state, than we want to delve deeper. Certain events and phenomenon leave us spellbound. But the greatest mystery that we humans have yet to understand is the human brain. So complex and varied are its abilities that even after centuries of study, even experts say that though the visible parts of the brain are somewhat understood, the capabilities of the conscious and subconscious mind are still an unknown realm. What powers does the human mind hold in controlling our lives and of the energies around us, some of which we can see and some we cannot? Now that is the thin line between magic and fantasy. Sounds confusing? Of course it does, it's meant to. Isn't that want magic is about? Okay before you send your minds into a swirl, let us try to look at some of the factors that might be a little easy to understand. We do know that there are so many examples of individuals who can control certain objects just by concentration. We also have quite a few stories of how some people are 'gifted' to sense events that took place without them being present there. These are people we see or hear about all the time. But what about people who call themselves magicians and make things happen or make stuff vanish? Are these just clever tricks of the trade or is there something else to it? We have seen people walk on burning coals for the love of a saint, yogis laying down on a bed of nails and a man at the circus walk fearlessly into the lion's cage. What are all these people doing to achieve these feats? Well in the first instance the so-called 'power of love' is proved correct. The love, respect and passion for the saint will elevate the minds of his followers so much that they will hardly feel the hot burning coals under their feet, the yogi will use his power of meditation and raise it so high that he will not let his mind feel the painful nails under his body and in the last example, the lion trainer's power of subduing the lion will make the lion feel that he or she is not afraid of the lion and that in the battle of wits between the lion and its trainer, the trainer makes the lion obey him by repeatedly subduing him to obey his commands. But there is also another aspect to 'magic'. Researcher and author Dan Green is of the opinion that there are energy forces around us in Nature that the human mind can control to some extent by learning to "go with the flow" of the forces. He writes in his article that people who perform magic, as we know it, learn how to do it like following the recipe for baking a cake. Certain ingredients or let's say certain energies can be harnessed at certain times and when one learns how to bend the forces of time and space with the mind, in unison with the energy field around our planet, one can make or create an illusion which we call magic. As an example, he writes about the experience of Carl Tidy, a graphic designer in 2005. He was asked to design a poster for some churches. With this thought in mind, he stepped out for a breath of fresh air. As he looked up at the sky, he saw a formation of the clouds in the form of Jesus on the Cross. Did Carl's mind unknowingly hook up with the mind of the living planet to unintentionally form the cloud? Another incident is of a friend of the author, Dan Green, who read about the February 16th incident when thousands of dolphins had gathered off the coast of San Diego. With this report in her mind she stepped out of her home in Mansfield to see a cloud exactly in the shape of a dolphin! In psychology there is even a term for this phenomenon though not yet completely understood. It is called Pareidolia. Now let's come to the air around us. Though we cannot see the wind, it still blows about us. But what we do not know is that the wind has certain kinds of negative and positive particles that may affect our moods in certain ways! Okay now this is seriously baffling, I agree. But here is the magical part. At certain strengths and measurements the winds have known to be the reason for increasing the possibility of heart attacks, fights and even our mood swings! No wonder the term, "The winds of change" comes to mind. According to Dan Green, "My own experiences tell me that consciousness is everywhere, in every tree, stone, river and all else. Mother Earth can speak with us, but I doubt very much that it can be bullied by us." Now we come to the dark side of magic. Yes magic in which people state that they take help from the supernatural or spiritual world in order to harm people or manipulate their powers into what we call "black magic". Now as we all know that we are all connected to the universe and its energies. If an individual uses these in the wrong way, no good can come of it. Remember what you send forward comes back. The proof of this is that the world is round. Getting lost in any kind of darkness, whether natural or physical, is bad. So, yes there is magic all around us. If only our minds can tap into the unseen capabilities that we have within us. As they say you can do anything "once you put your mind to it".


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|23 Sep 2003
|Filing date
|29 Jun 2000
|Priority date
|29 Jun 2000
|Fee status
|Publication number
|R. Robert Clark
|Original Assignee
|Schmitt Measurement Systems, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (23), Non-Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (35), Classifications (5), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. The Field of the Invention
The invention relates to the detection of distance to an object surface. More particularly, the invention relates to a triangulation displacement sensor for the detection of distance to an object surface.
2. The Relevant Technology
The technique of triangulating distance to an object using lasers and multi-element detector linear arrays has been practiced and published since at least 1978. See, for example, I. McFarlane, Development of the Heightscan Thickness Gauge, SPIE Vol. 145, Sira, London (Mar. 14, 1978); J. Waters, Gaging by Remote Image Tracking, SPIE Vol. 153, Advances in Optical Metrology, (Aug. 28-29, 1978); and Wagner, U.S. Pat. No. 4,040,738. Distance measurement is accomplished when an optical beam is projected out from a source and strikes the object surface. The beam is then viewed by a camera that is displaced from the axis of projection of the beam by some baseline distance. The camera is angled so that the laser beam crosses the field of view of the camera. When the beam strikes a surface at a point within the field of view of the camera, light reflected from that point is typically imaged by a lens onto the camera's detector.
The detector may be either a continuous device such as a position sensing detector (PSD), which generates an electrical signal proportional to the position of the spot image on the PSD, or a linear charge coupled device (CCD) array, which consists of a single line of photodiode detector elements, each of which generates an electrical signal in proportion to the amount of light falling on it.
The signal from the camera is typically processed by a microprocessor or other electronic logic which determines the location of peak light intensity on the camera, and a calibration table and/or equation is used to translate this location among the camera's pixels to a distance from the sensor. The data is then output in a form that can be read and used by computers or displayed visually.
In the case of a linear array detector, if more than one pixel is illuminated by the image of the spot, the center of gravity, or centroid, of the spot image may be calculated to a position with resolution corresponding to a fraction of the size of a single camera pixel. Thus if the image of the spot is larger than a single pixel, the position of the object may be determined to a resolution better than that corresponding to the pixel spacing of the camera.
At the same time, it is desirable to use a small, well defined spot of light on the target so that small surface features may be resolved (see, for example, McFarlane, Waters, and Wagner, supra.). In many configurations, the small spot at the target combined with the high quality imaging lenses results in a small image spot on the detector, and the pixels of the camera must be correspondingly limited in size to facilitate centroid finding with multiple pixels illuminated. Enlarging the spot image by placing the detector array at a point other than at the image focus creates a larger illuminated area on the array, but magnifies irregular features in the image, as described below.
It is common to use a laser (see, for example, Waters, supra. and Pryor et al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,373,804) or laser diode (T. Clarke, K. Grattan, N. Lindsey, Laser-based Triangulation Techniques in Optical Inspection of Industrial Structures, SPIE Vol. 1332 Optical Testing and Metrology III: Recent Advances in Industrial Optical Inspection (1990) and Wagner, supra) light source in triangulation sensors because light from lasers may be focused to a small spot and may provide high intensity. The use of a laser introduces the difficulty that the image of the spot contains high frequency laser speckle which must be filtered out (see, for example, Pryor, supra.). Additionally, some types of laser diodes do not generate smooth intensity profiles, the light intensity being irregular and varying across the output beam. This is then evident in the image of the spot on the detector array. Finally, fine-pitch variations in reflectance from the target surface may cause the image of the spot to have irregularities.
All of the above factors create a spot image that is irregular, rather than having an intensity rising to a smooth peak and then falling off in a symmetric fashion. These irregularities can lead to inaccuracies in determining the location of the centroid of the spot, with resultant measurement error.
It would be desirable to provide an optical sensor that produces a spot image having an intensity rising to a smooth peak and then falling off in a symmetric fashion. It would also be desirable to provide a means of controlling the image spot size at the detector independent of the geometry and components of the rest of the apparatus.
The invention provides an improved optical sensor for detecting the distance to an object surface based on triangulation. The sensor projects a beam from a laser diode through a focusing lens onto the object surface. The laser may be a VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) diode, which affords advantages in beam quality, intensity noise, and power consumption relative to other laser diodes.
Light scattered or reflected from the target surface is collected by a collection lens and passed through a beam shaping or homogenizing element which removes undesired intensity variations that occur in the spot at the target surface. These variations may be caused by laser speckle, structure in the output beam intensity distribution, and/or nonuniform reflectance of different regions of the object surface illuminated by the spot.
The homogenized beam then strikes a CMOS linear array detector, which converts the light intensity on its detection elements to electrical levels which are read sequentially. The detector elements are larger than an image of the spot on the array would be, but an image is not formed on the array. Instead, the beam shaping element enlarges the size of light slightly, and mixes, or homogenizes, the light. This destroys the image and the intensity variations originating at the spot on the surface that would be contained in the image.
The enlargement of the area of illumination together with the homogenization allow the position of the beam on the array to be determined to a resolution of about {fraction (1/10)}th of the width of a detector element. This position is then converted to an absolute distance output which may be read by digital or analog means.
These and other features, and advantages of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, or may be learned by the practice of the invention as set forth hereinafter.
In order that the manner in which the above-recited and other advantages and objects of the invention are obtained will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of an apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a typical calibration table;
FIG. 3 is an error plot for a sensor having a six-inch measurement range;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the calculated centroid of the light falling on a detector array as plotted against the actual object surface position, when the area of illumination is smaller than the size of a pixel;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the calculated centroid of the light falling on the detector array as plotted against the actual object surface position when a diffuser has been used to create an area of illumination on the array with a gaussian distribution and a FWHM (Full Width Half Maximum) of approximately three pixels;
FIG. 6 is a graph of a typical intensity profile of a spot image as it would appear if imaged onto a detector array with pixels substantially smaller than the spot image;
FIG. 7a is a schematic diagram of an intensity profile of the light falling on a detector array;
FIG. 7b is a schematic diagram of an intensity profile of the light falling on a detector array after being optically homogenized, where the array pixels are substantially smaller than the illuminated area;
FIG. 8 is a graph that shows an optical homogenization process, as performed by a diffusing element, in which the distribution of light from an object surface differs from the distribution obtained with imaging optics;
FIG. 9a is a graph that shows how a pixel with 20% greater sensitivity than adjacent pixels affects the calculated centroid position; and
FIG. 9b is a graph that shows the least squares fit of the measured data that is used to create the calibration data.
A preferred embodiment of the invention is now described with reference to the Figures, where like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements. The components of the present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the Figures, may be implemented in a wide variety of configurations. Thus, the following more detailed description of the embodiments of the system and method of the present invention, as represented in the Figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of presently preferred embodiments of the invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a triangulaton sensor 10 of the present invention is shown. The sensor 10 is designed to focus light on a surface, collect reflected light, shape or homogenize the collected reflected light, and detect the reflected light. The sensor 10 includes a light source 12, such as a laser light source 12. In one preferred embodiment, the light source 12 generates a beam of projected light 14 which produces an illumination spot 16 on a surface 18. The light source 12 may be embodied as an edge-emitting laser diode or a vertical-cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL).
The sensor further includes a focusing lens 20 disposed to intercept the beam of projected light 14 and focus the beam 14 to the illumination spot 16. As with most optical triangulation sensors, the invention herein disclosed has a minimum and maximum measurement range that is determined by the field of view of the collection lens and detector array. The beam 14 of projected light from the light source 12 is focused to a minimum size spot at or near the center of this range by the focusing lens 20.
VCSELs afford advantages in that they generate a circular, near-gaussian beam intensity profile, rather than the irregular intensity profile of an edge-emitting laser diode (see, for example, Honeywell HFE4084-322 Data Sheet). VCSELs also have lower beam divergence and lower intensity noise, and reduced power consumption relative to edge emitting laser diodes. The edge emitting diodes are presently available in a broader selection of power levels and wavelengths and with smaller emitting apertures. This may however change as VCSEL technology matures. Presently VCSELs suitable for use with the present invention are available.
The VCSEL lasers have a disadvantage relative to edge-emitting lasers in that they emit light from a larger area, or aperture, than the smallest aperture edge emitting lasers. A small laser source is generally considered desirable for triangulation point measurement systems because it provides a smaller illumination spot 16 at the target. However, it is possible to reduce the spot size at the target by increasing the distance between the light source 12 and the focusing lens 20. The distance can be increased to a greater degree than would be practical with an edge emitting laser because the VCSEL has a narrower divergence angle than edge emitting lasers. Thus, the focusing lens 20 may be placed farther from the VCSEL light source 10 without losing large amounts of laser output around the edge of the focusing lens 20 or without using a larger lens.
It is desirable to keep the focusing lens 20 small so that the spot 16 is small throughout the measurement range. A large lens results in a small spot 16 at the focal point, but the spot size grows more rapidly at closer or more distant ranges because it is starting from a larger diameter. The VCSEL may be one such as the HFE4084-322 sold by Honeywell.
When the surface of an object 18 is introduced into the path of the beam 14, light is reflected from the surface 18. The sensor 10 may further include a collection lens 22 which is disposed to collect a portion of the reflected light 24. The collected reflected light 24 converges and passes to a beam shaping optic 26.
The beam shaping optic 26 is configured to shape or diffuse the beam 24 by redistributing or homogenizing the beam 24 as it converges to a small region on a detector 28. The beam shaping optic 26 may therefore be embodied as holographic beam shaping element to shape the beam 24 or as a holographic diffuser to diffuse the beam 24. The beam shaping optic 26 may also be embodied as a diffuser or homogenizer that is not holographic in nature. In the embodiment shown, the beam shaping optic 26 may be disposed between the collection lens 22 and a detector 28. Nevertheless one of skill in the art will appreciate that the beam shaping optic 26 may be placed at any point in the path between the spot 16 and the detector 28.
The beam shaping optic 26 may be configured to enlarge the image of the spot 16 on the detector 28. The enlarged spot image may cover more than one pixel on the detector 28 and have a smooth intensity distribution. Commercially available beam shaping optics 26 are available with various optical properties that may be controlled. One optical property is diffusion angle, or the amount of spreading of the reflected light 24. Another optical property is intensity distribution, or the profile of the output intensity across the diffusion angle for a uniform input beam. In the present invention, diffusion angles of 0.5 degrees and one degree and gaussian intensity distributions are found to give good results for the purposes of determining the centroid of the spot 16.
Beam shaping optics 26 with other intensity distributions are also available. The output shapes do not need to be circular. They may be elliptical, so that where the detector 28 is a linear detector array, reflected light 24 from the surface 18 may be spread only in the direction of the pixels. This prevents spreading of light in the direction perpendicular to the array where it would be lost, reducing sensitivity of the sensor 10. Several types of beam shaping optics may be used, such as those manufactured by MEMS Optical of Huntsville, Ala.
The detector 28 may comprise a plurality of pixels and, in one embodiment, may include a single row of light sensitive pixel elements. The detector 28 generates electronic signals indicative of the illuminated pixels which in turn reflects the location of the spot 16. The detector 28 may be embodied as a CMOS linear array camera, which offers several advantages over the commonly used CCD cameras.
The detector 28 is in electrical communication with a processor 30 and provides electronic signals to the processor 30. During an exposure, one or more pixels in the detector 28 may be exposed to reflected light 24 through the collection lens 22 and diffuser 26. Reflected light 24 from the spot 16 on the surface 18 appears as a bright area on the detector 28. The pixels in the detector 28 may store an amount of light collected during the exposure as electrical charges. The amount of light falling on each pixel during an exposure is converted to a digital value and transmitted to the processor 30. Above a threshold level, the pixel with the peak intensity is identified and assumed to be from the reflected light 24 from the spot 16. The adjacent pixels are analyzed and the centroid of the spot 16 may be calculated by the processor 30.
A calibration table for each sensor 10 may be created by moving a target surface 18 along a precision linear stage to numerous known distances along the measurement range of the system. These are then reduced one point per pixel using a linear least squares fit. The resultant distance value corresponding to each pixel is stored in a memory 32 in electrical communication with the processor 30.
When the sensor 10 is in use, the processor 30 accesses the calibration table in the memory 32 to obtain the values at the pixel on each side of the measured pixel location. The processor 30 then interpolates between the values to obtain distance a normalized distance value from 0-50000. This value is then scaled to obtain the actual distance. For example, if the measured centroid of the spot is at pixel 34.57, the distance values for pixels 34 and 35 are accessed and interpolated.
Referring to FIG. 2, a typical calibration table, with normalized distance from 0 to 50000 is shown. A few pixels at each end of the array are not used and are given values outside the 0 to 50000 limits.
The measured distance may then be outputted by the sensor 10 in digital serial form and/or as an analog signal. The accuracy obtained is on the order of about {fraction (1/10)} of the width of a pixel. For each sensor 10 produced, a calibration table may be created as described above and loaded into the sensor 10. The precision stage is then used to check the calibration by moving to several hundred points and comparing the output of the sensor to the actual position. The accuracy is defined as a plus or minus error from the actual distance. On systems with detector arrays where 100 pixels are used, the accuracy is typically {fraction (1/1000)} of the full measurement range of the sensor, which is equivalent to {fraction (1/10)} of a pixel.
Referring to FIG. 3, an error plot for a sensor with a six inch measurement range is shown. The plot shows a maximum error of +/−0.006 inches.
For accurate distance measurement it is often desirable to have the spot 16 on the target be as small as possible. When the spot 16 is imaged on the detector 28, as is typically done in triangulation sensors, this can result in the image of the spot 16 being smaller than a single pixel. Previous displacement sensors using an array of pixels in the detector have relied upon the image being larger than a single pixel to determine a centroid or center of gravity using the varying intensities on the illuminated pixels. This technique fails if the image is smaller than a single pixel because it is not possible to determine where on a pixel the image is falling.
The duration for which the light source 12 is turned on may be adjusted based on the apparent intensity at the detector 28 of the reflected light from the previous exposure. In this manner, the duration may be adjusted to obtain an optimum light level. In one embodiment, the duration of the light source may vary from five microseconds to 50 milliseconds. The detector 28 may have a useful dynamic range of 10 to 1 or better. This may result in a sensitivity range of over 100,000 to 1, from the strongest usable signal to the weakest.
The duration of the light source 12 may further be adjusted based on the ambient light to increase the resolution of the detector 28. In one embodiment, the detector 28 may take a "dark capture" of the ambient light when the light source 12 is off, as well as a capture when the light source 12 is on. The processor 30 may then subtract the ambient light data from the signal data to improve measurement calculations.
Referring to FIG. 4, the computed centroid position plotted against the actual target position for an image size of 0.5 pixels is shown. The computed centroid position changes rapidly as the spot 16 moves between pixels, such as in region 400. When the entire spot 16 is on a single pixel, there is little or no change in the calculated centroid position such as in region 402 because there is little or no information available as to the location of the spot 16 within the pixel. The slight slope in region 402 is due to the weak fringes of the spot 16 falling on adjacent pixels. As the spot 16 is made smaller relative to the pixels, this plot approaches a stairstep function. This precludes obtaining an accurate measurement of the location of the spot 16 on the surface 18.
In one embodiment, the detector 28 may have pixels that are larger than the size that the spot image would be on the detector 28. As such, a spot image is not formed. Instead, the beam shaping optic 26 shapes or diffuses the beam 24 and thereby enlarges the spot image at the point where it strikes the detector 28. The enlarged spot covers more than one pixel and has a smooth intensity distribution.
There are several advantages to using relatively larger pixels if resolution can be maintained. First, fewer pixels need to be processed for a given array length, which increases the sample rate and typically reduces the cost of the detector 28 and the processing required. Also, using a relatively short array of pixels is optically inconvenient for sensors 10 with relatively larger measurement ranges as very short focal length optics are required, which limits their collection area and therefore collection power.
When beam shaping is used to enlarge the spot image size, the optimal amount of enlargement depends on the relative sizes of the spot and the pixels. Diffusing the spot image at the detector 28 to a width of two to four pixels provides good results. At narrower widths, the centroid algorithm begins to fail. At greater widths sensitivity and resolution are diminished because many pixels are illuminated.
Referring to FIG. 5, the computed centroid position plotted against object surface distance, where a beam shaping optic 26 has been used to create a gaussian intensity profile with a width (Full Width Half Maximum) of approximately three pixels. As can be seen by the plotted data 500, the periodic non-linearity shown in FIG. 4 is nearly completely removed, greatly improving the subpixel resolution of the sensor.
Referring to FIG. 6, the intensity profile of a typical imaged spot as it appears on the surface of a linear detector is shown. The image intensity profile typically contains fluctuations, local maxima and minima in intensity. These are due to variations in object surface reflectance, laser spot intensity structure, and laser speckle. In the present invention, beam shaping or diffusing is used to greatly reduce these variations. It is desirable to minimize these variations so that calculation of the centroid of the illuminated area can be performed more easily and accurately. The shaping or diffusing of the beam 24 of reflected light by the beam shaping optic 26 has the effect of homogenizing the beam 24. Light from each portion of the beam 24 is scattered, or distributed, to all portions of the beam 24 after it has passed through the beam shaping optic 26.
FIGS. 7a and 7 b illustrate the redistribution of the beam 24 of reflected light. In FIG. 7a, the details of the source, in this case the spot 16 on the surface 18, are preserved and duplicated on the detector 28 by the imaging process. Any variations in intensity across the spot 16 on the surface 18 therefore appear in the pixel data from the detector 28.
In FIG. 7b, light reflected from the surface 18 is passed through the beam shaping optic 26. The reflected light 24 is redistributed in the manner described above. This has the effect of forming an intensity profile at the detector 28 that is determined by the design of the beam shaping optic 26, thereby eliminating the intensity profile of the spot 16 on the surface 18. Because this intensity profile is the image of the spot 16, the information required for image formation is destroyed and no image is formed.
Referring to FIG. 8, a typical intensity profile of a spot 16 shaped with a beam shaping optic 26, such as a holographic diffuser, is shown. The structure of the spot 16 is almost completely removed, and the centroid of the smoother profile, relative to FIG. 6, is easily computed.
The beam shaping optic 26 in the present invention is therefore used for two purposes. First, it serves to remove unwanted intensity structure from the reflected light 24 falling on the detector 28. Second, it may enlarge the size of the illuminated area on the detector 28, thereby allowing the use of relatively larger pixels. It should be noted that the beam shaping optic 26 can serve either or both of these functions. This provides advantages in detectors 28 with smaller pixels where it is desired to remove structure from the spot 16, or in sensors with larger pixels where enlargement of the illuminated area is desired, or where both effects are desired.
In one embodiment, the detector 28 may be embodied as a CMOS type camera having multiple pixels. Conventional triangulation sensors that include detectors use or have used photodiode arrays, typically constructed with control circuitry into a device known as a CCD array. By contrast, a CMOS detector uses an array of photosensitive capacitors which accumulate charge when exposed to light.
There are several advantages to using a CMOS detector 28 in the sensor 10. CMOS detectors can have extensive digital and analog processing logic on the same chip as the detector elements. Thus, the commercially available products are much simpler in terms of power requirements, control, and data collection than CCD arrays. CCD arrays are manufactured with a specialized process that prevents on-chip incorporation of extensive logic and control functions.
CMOS detectors also suffer from some disadvantages relative to CCD detectors, primarily in the area of noise and sensitivity. One aspect of the CMOS detectors that is of concern in triangulation range finding is referred to as fixed pattern noise. This results from individual pixels having varying degrees of sensitivity to light. This is a fixed characteristic of each pixel that does not change over time. If uncorrected, this results in measurement errors that are significant at the level of accuracy otherwise attainable.
The calibration process described above greatly reduces the effect of fixed pattern noise. A pixel with higher than average sensitivity will generate a larger signal for a given amount of light. When such a pixel is exposed to one portion of the illuminated area on the array, the voltage output of that pixel will be higher than average, causing a shift in the centroid position calculation. If this is not compensated for, an error in the indicated surface position will result. The calibration process takes 30 sample points per pixel and records the actual distance and the indicated centroid position at each point.
Referring to FIG. 9a, a pixel with 20% greater sensitivity than adjacent pixels is shown how it affects the calculated centroid position. This causes a non-linearity in the region around the pixel that extends over a region covering a few pixels in width.
Referring to FIG. 9b, the least squares fit of the measured data used to create the calibration data for FIG. 9a is shown. This compensates for the non-linearity and since fixed pattern noise is unchanging over time, the compensation will be effective when the table is used to convert centroid position to distance during use of the sensor 10. It is also expected that advances in CMOS detector technology will improve the performance.
Referring once again to FIG. 1, the sensor 10 is further illustrated with a housing 34. The housing 34 is configured to support and contain components of the sensor 10 in a fixed configuration. In this manner, the geometrical relationships of the light source 12, the focusing optic 20, the collection lens 22, the beam shaping optic 26, and the detector 28 may be maintained.
The sensor 10 may further include a window 36 that is disposed and configured to allow passage of the projected light 14 and the reflected light 24. An advantage of the present invention is the use of a single window 36 to accommodate the projected and reflected light 14, 24 rather than two windows. A sensor with two windows may become misaligned when one or both windows undergo shifts in their positions relative to one another. Shifting may occur when the housing and windows are subject to external stresses or if the adhesives fail to some degree. With a single window 36, a shift does not cause a misalignment between passageways for the projected and reflected light 14, 24. Rather, the realignment occurs for both passageways.
The window 36 may further be coated with a anti-reflective coating to reduce spurious light. In one embodiment both sides of the window 36 may be coated with an optic enhancing coating to enhance passage of the projected and reflected light 14, 24. The coating may allow passage of certain wavelengths such as those of the projected and reflected light 14, 24 and inhibit passage of other wavelengths. Such coatings are known by those of skill in the art.
An additional feature of the present invention is that the window 36 may be mounted non-perpendicular relative to the optical axis 38 of the collection lens 22. As the reflected light 24 passes through the window 36, some of light will reflect off the surfaces of the window 36. Some of these reflections generated in the interior of the window 36 may ultimately exit in the direction of the collection lens 22. Because of the non-perpendicular mounting of the window 36, the reflections generated within the window 36 are shunted from the collection lens 22.
It should be noted that the use of beam shaping optics 26, detectors 28 with pixel elements larger than the image of a spot 16 on a surface 18, CMOS detectors 28 and VCSELs 12 may be applied to systems that use triangulation to determine the location of either one or multiple points on a surface 18 without affecting the principles and their usefulness as described here. For example, there exist triangulation systems that use area array CCDs rather than linear array CCDs, and systems that use projected lines, multiple spots, or other patterns of light rather than spots. These systems typically determine the locations of several points on a surface 18, but the principles of optical triangulation are the same as described herein. The advantages of the modifications described herein would apply equally to these devices. It should also be noted that these three improvements may be used together or separately without detracting from the value or principle of each.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|29 Jun 2000
Owner name: SCHMITT MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS, INC., OREGON
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CLARK, R. ROBERT;REEL/FRAME:010900/0767
Effective date: 20000627
|1 Nov 2006
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|14 Jan 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|1 May 2015
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|23 Sep 2015
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|10 Nov 2015
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20150923


text:
And we've emboldened Iran with our actions.
Via Foreign Desk:
Iran-backed militias have seized homes, businesses and cultural sites, including churches belonging to Baghdad's Christian communities, forcing individuals to resettle and forfeit all their belongings, according to members of the Christian members of the Iraqi Parliament.
The militias have targeted properties belonging to Christians, forcing individuals to leave the area, according to Christian community leaders, including representatives from the Assyrian, Chaldean and Syriac minorities, as well as the Chaldean Patriarch of Iraq who have condemned the attacks, calling them a form of ethnic cleansing aimed to rid Baghdad of its Christians.
"Their claim is that the property of a non-Christian is halal, meaning it can be seized," Chaldean Patriarch Louis Raphael Sacco said in an interview with the pan-Arab daily Al Hayat.
According to leaders, the seizures have been carried out in the upscale regions of Baghdad, where militia men have forced entry into homes and businesses with falsified documents.


text:
Park Facilities
The Swan Falls day-use area includes:
- A picnic area with tables and a covered shelter
- Garbage service
- Accessible restroom facilities
- A portage trail around the dam for boaters
- Fishing docks
- Interpretive signs
Below the dam is a ramp for whitewater boater access to the river.
The Swan Falls area is a favorite of outdoor enthusiasts. Available activities include:
- Fishing
- Rafting
- Boating
- Mountain biking
- Upland game bird and waterfowl hunting
- Geocaching opportunities
Camping at Swan Falls
There are five designated campsites upriver of the dam including a concrete boat launch, vault toilet, picnic tables at some sites and a trash receptacle. There are 15 designated campsites downriver of the dam with a trash receptacle and vault toilet near the concrete boat launch, and an additional vault toilet further downriver. All campsites include fire rings and improved access roads.
Burning pallets is prohibited in and around the Swan Falls area. Violators will be asked to leave.
All camping is on a first-come, first-served basis. Visitors are asked to camp in designated areas only, due to the fragile soil and plant life in the area. Stays are limited to 14 consecutive days. Campers must obey posted campground rules and keep motorized vehicles within the posted speed limit.
Water is available at the restroom in the day-use area, but not at the campsites.
Additional Information
The Swan Falls museum is open to the public, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. every Saturday between April 15 and Labor Day. Tours at other times may be arranged in advance by emailing us. Scheduling tours outside open hours requires at least one week prior notice. See tour guidelines.
Visitors can walk across the face of the dam to reach the south side of the Snake River. New safety guidelines have prompted the installation of a gate that locks automatically at 9 p.m. Anyone on the south side of the river at 9 p.m. will still be able to return, however, the gate will open only in one direction.
Swan Falls Dam lies within the world-famous Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area. The area is home to many bird species:
- Owls
- Hawks
- Eagles
- Falcons
Equestrian Information
An equestrian parking area is available below the dam. No overnight camping. Please do not clean horse trailers in the parking area, or anywhere in the Swan Falls recreation corridor.
Visit the Treasure Valley Back Country Horsemen's website to learn more about equestrian opportunities for this area.
The Bureau of Land Management website has more information about recreation in southwest Idaho, including Swan Falls Dam.
Background Information
Swan Falls Dam is on the Snake River about 40 miles south of Boise. It was built in 1901 to provide electricity to nearby mines. Swan Falls is the oldest hydroelectric generating site on the Snake River. Idaho Power built a new power plant in the mid-1990s. The old plant is now a museum.


text:
2/7/2000 (1:35 pm) by admin
Uploading JPEG images
When I try to upload JPEG images to my web site the FTP program freezes and causes the computer to freeze also.
I am using a 400mHz Macintosh PowerBook G3 with 128mb of RAM. Virtual Memory is on with 1mb for a total of 129mb.
I am connected to the internet with a SurfBoard 3100 cable modem and a Farallon EtherMac PC Card (PCMCIA 2.1).
I've been using Netscape Communicator 4.7 to edit and publish.
I also use Fetch 3.03 to upload files.
When I publish a text page using Netscape or Fetch there is no problem.
Sometimes when I add an image to the Netscape document or "Put" a JPEG image on my site with Fetch there is no problem.
But, when I add another image, either application freezes. When I force the program to quit the finder also freezes and I have to restart.
I've noticed that as a file, such as "image.jpg," is uploading with Fetch it is shown a "binary" even though I chose to send it as "raw data." Fetch locks up after having only transferred part of the file.
For instance when I just tried to upload a 24k JPEG file as "raw data" the Fetch window displayed this information and then froze.
Putting file...
Binary Data
16,235 bytes
16,235 bytes
A reply to email@example.com would be most useful.


text:
Only 72 "Pictures of a Heart" will be created during my lifetime, the first 39 are available since feb-2015, The next 33 will follow over the years to come, So let us become aware over multiple now's where this creative heart goes next.
Each Picture of a heart will only be printed 6 times, 3x Wood and 3x Aluminum. Both materials in 3 standard sizes 40x40cm, 70x70cm and 100x100cm. This way, each customer will have a unique "Picture of a Heart", accompanied by an certificate of authenticity.
The "Pictures of a Heart" are being manufactured by a professional team with years of experience, and a high-end reputation in the world of digital photofinishing, they produce the "Pictures of a Heart" by the use of special patented foils which generate the boosting in color reflection. Each plate is handcrafted with passion, precision and care, assuring the client receives a gallery ready (wood or aluminum) end-product. In the back you will find a Laser engraved logo and serial number. As an extra service, there are options to pick your own colors, and then preferred size up to 100x300cm.
For something else or Pricing, Pricing & Further Details »


text:
Hey guys, anyone got an extra pair of gloves that they don't use or are willing to part with? Perhaps an XL size 3-5mm- I'd be glad to pay like $10-$15 and I do PayPal.
Thanks guys...helping out a poor sponger
Results 1 to 10 of 10
Thread: Gloves..WTB
Nov 24, 2008, 02:00 PM #2
- Join Date
- May 2006
- Location
- Lewes, DE
- Posts
- 5,402
- Images
- 121
dude i got gloves for you, i saw that same thread if your gonna spend that much on boots or gloves, go to a shop and buy new ones, i got a pair of gloves you can have for 10 bucks, there old but you can easily get away using them for at least another winter, let me know
Still looking --- any used pairs out there not being used??? I do PayPal so I can send payment quickly
I have Hyperflex 5mm. Warm... barely used. My hand were too small for them. They are size large...basically brand new. $15
Nov 29, 2008, 10:59 PM #7
- Join Date
- Oct 2007
- Location
- Belmar (DiRty JErz)
- Posts
- 256
- Images
- 20
They are 5 finger
Excuse me... the gloves are not Hyperflex, they are H20 Odessy 5mm 5-finger gloves.
My Apologies
They are double glued + blindstitched instead of hyperflex single glued and blindstitched


text:
It's not often that a writer appears on Letterman these days (ever?) but George Saunders did last week for his new essay collection THE BRAINDEAD MEGAPHONE. Originally available as a Quicktime download, now the embed code is available for one and all to share.
(embed code swiped from Mark Sarvas. Original story swiped from Ed Champion.)


text:
Aggregating Capacity-Limiting Separable Inputs
The concept of separability is closely related to aggregation. Previous studies on separability are important mainly for theoretical contributions, not for empirical results. This paper provides a theoretical justification for using the maximum capacity of a subset of inputs as an aggregate index in empirical settings. The method is demonstrated with two examples, aggregating inputs within a firm and across firms.
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Volume (Year): 69 (2002)
Issue (Month): 2 (October)
Pages: 470-478
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| Web page: http://www.southerneconomic.org/
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