text:
|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Fecha de publicación
|3 Dic 1968
|Fecha de presentación
|21 Dic 1964
|Fecha de prioridad
|21 Dic 1964
|También publicado como
|Número de publicación
|Kruger James B
|Cesionario original
|Philip Morris Inc
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (7), Citada por (11), Clasificaciones (6), Eventos legales (4)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
Dec. 3, 1968 J. B. KRUGER 3,414,501
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SHAPING, SHARPENING AND POLISHING RAZOR BLADES Filed Dec. 21, 1964 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SHAPING, SHARPENING Dec. 3, 1968 J. B. KRUGER 3,414,501
AND POLISHING RAZOR BLADES 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 21, 1964 Dec. 3, 1968 J.B.KRUGER METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SHAPING, SHARPENING AND POLISHING RAZOR BLADES Filed Dec. 21, 1964 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Dec. 3, 1968 J KRUGER 3,414,501
METHOD AND A R US FOR SHA G, ARPENING P SHING RAZ B ES Filed Dec. 21, 1964 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 J. B. KRUGER Dec. 3, 1968 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SHAPING, SHARPENING AND POLISHING RAZOR BLADES 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Dec. '21, 1964 mum ii R m? i mm :3 Q mm United States" Patent 3,414,501 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SHAPING, SHARPENING AND POLISHING RAZOR BLADES James B. Kruger, Staunton, Va., assignor to Philip Morris Incorporated, New York, N.Y., a corporation of Virginia Filed Dec. 21, 1964, Ser. No. 419,836 6 Claims. (Cl. 204206) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An apparatus and method for electrolytically shaping a cutting edge on a continuous length of razor blade stock in which the blade stock is advanced edgewise through an electrolytic machining chamber spacedly adjacent working faces of cathode electrodes in the machining chamber to effect electrolytic removal of metal from the stock in correspondence with the shape of the cathode electrode working faces, the continuous length of razor blade stock being rendered anodic in the electrolytic circuit by advancing it through a liquid contactor bath connected with the positive terminal of a DC power source preliminary to its entry into the machining chamber, the cathode electrodes each being provided with slotted electrolyte feed passages outletting at the working faces for delivering fresh electrolyte to the gap between the working faces and the edge surface being formed on the stock.
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing cutting blades and refers more particularly to a method and apparatus for electrolytically shaping, sharpening and polishing razor blades in a continuous strip and in a continuous operation.
Prior art production of razor blades generally involves feeding a continuous strip of blade stock through a series of abrasive grinding wheels, polishing wheels and like tools, which sharpen and finish the strip, the strip thereafter being severed into individual blades. One of the disadvantages inherent in these prior art methods is that the grinding wheels generate considerable heat at the cutting edge of the blades which in some cases may change the metallurgical character of the material, whereby blade strength is diminished and the life of the cutting edge materially lessened. An additional disadvantage involves the minute defects left in the surface finish of the cutting edges by the finishing wheels. These surface defects give rise to excessive friction along the sides of the blades where they contact the material being cut (whisker hairs for example) and thus impair the efiiciency of cutting action. Another problem engendered by prior art methods is the physical limitations imposed in moving shaping tools, grinders and related equipment of complex shape and size at the high speeds required for large scale production of razor blades and like devices. While it has been known in the prior art to shape and sharpen tools, needles etc. by means of electrolytic reduction, it has not been proposed to shape, sharpen and finish a continuous strip of razor blades by means of electrolytic machining and polishing in a continuous operation. Nor has it been proposed to utilize the flexibility of the electrolytic technique to generate cutting edges which heretofore were impossible to attain through use of conventional grinding techniques.
It is, therefore, a primary object of the present invention to provide a method of electrolytically shaping, sharpening and polishing razor blades.
Another object is .to provide a method of shaping, sharpening and polishing razor blades which eliminates 3,414,501 Patented Dec. 3, 1968 "Ice heretofore essential but undesirable mechanical sharpening operations, as for example grinding.
Another object is to provide a method and apparatus for shaping, sharpening and polishing a continuous strip of razor blades in a continuous operation.
Another object is to eliminate the use of costly equipment such as grinding and polishing wheels in the production of razor blades.
A further object is to provide a method of shaping, sharpening and polishing razor blades which reduces production costs and increases production rates measurably beyond those heretofore possible.
A still further object is to provide a method of producing razor blades which permits a wide latitude in design of blade geometry overcoming prior art limitations wherein the blade geometry was generally that marked by a series of arcs generated by a grinding wheel.
Another object is to provide a method of producing razor blades which permits cutting edges of various shapes to be formed such as straight, concave, convex and combinations thereof.
Another object is to provide a method and apparatus for electrolytically shaping, sharpening and polishing razor blades which is applicable to use on materials from very hard steels to materials which are relatively soft such as aluminum.
Other objects of the present invention will become apparent during the course of the following specification.
In achieving the aforementioned objectives of the present invention a continuous strip of razor blade stock which has been connected to the positive side of a DC current source is fed through an electrolytic machining chamber comprising one or more cathode electrodes having working faces which are specially shaped at least in the final stages to correspond with the shape of the blade edge desired. The strip passes through the electrolytic machining chamber in close spaced relation with the cathode electrodes, the gap therebetween being filled with a suitable electrolyte, the electrolyte being fed onto the strip through orifices formed in the cathode electrodes. Since the cathode electrodes are connected with the nega tive side of the DC current source, an electrolytic flow ensues between the strip, electrolyte and cathodes resulting in the removal of material from the strip, the metal removed being carried off in the electrolyte. As the strip passes through the electrolytic machining chamber, the cutting edge is shaped and sharpened according to the constantly changing shape of the cathode working faces. When the strip exits from the electrolytic machining chamber, it is directed through an electrolytic polishing chamber wherein it is subjected to an electrolytic action in the same manner but to a considerably lesser degree than that occurring in the electrolytic machining chamher.
The invention Will appear more clearly from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the acompanying drawings showing by way of example a preferred embodiment of the inventive concept.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 illustrates diagrammatically, apparatus for shaping, sharpening and polishing razor blades in a continuous strip in accordance with the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of one of the cathode electrodes which may be utilized in the electrolytic machining and polishing chambers;
FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of the cathode electrode shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a front elevational view of an insulating spacer used in the electrolytic machining and polishing chambers;
FIG. 5 is a side fragmentary elevational view showing the alternating arrangement of cathode electrodes and insulating spacers in the electrolytic machining and polishing chambers;
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the construction shown in FIG. 5, the view being taken on a vertical plane passing through the center of the cathode electrodes and insulating spacers;
FIG. 6a is a front elevation, partly in section, illustrating the form of casing which may be used for enclosing the electrolytic machining and polishing chambers, and the piping for supplying and removing electrolyte, the height/width ratio of the blade strip being greatly exaggerated for purposes of clarity;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary perspective view showing a portion only of the composite cathode electrode and insulating spacer construction in the electrolytic machining chamber, and the manner in which its contour gradually changes to effect the shaping and sharpening of the strip of razor blade stock, the electrolyte orifices and outlet passages in the cathode electrodes and insulating spacers not being shown in detail;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a longitudinal half-section of another embodiment of cathode electrode wherein the cathode is of single piece construction;
FIG. 9 illustrates diagrammatically the progressive shaping of the blade edge on the strip at various stages of its advance through the electrolytic machining chamber;
FIG. is a perspective view of another form of cath ode electrode which may be utilized in the electrolytic machining and polishing chambers to direct flow of elec trolyte away from the final shaped and sharpened blade edge;
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the insulating spacers used in conjunction with the cathode electrode shown in FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is a front elevational view of the composite arrangement of cathode electrode and insulating spacer of FIGS. 10 and 11 showing the path of electrolyte flow therethrough; and
FIG. 13 is a schematic wiring diagram illustrating the manner in which the cathode electrode and strip of razor blade stock are connected with the DC source of current, and the means by which the current input is controlled at various points in the electrolytic machining and polishing chambers.
Throughout the specification like reference numerals are used to indicate like parts.
Referring now in detail to FIG. 1, a continuous strip 1 of razor blade stock is fed over billy roll 2 into the mercury bath 3 of a mercury chamber 4 which is connected as at S with the positive terminal of a direct current output from the circuit generally indicated at 6, the strip which is of conductive material thus becoming an anode. Of course, any other liquid contactor employing a suitable electrolyte may be employed for the latter purpose in place of the mercury bath. The razor blade stock may be a continuous band approximately .010" thick in the case of single edge injector type blade stock or it may be a band used for manufacturing double edge blades in which case it may be approximately .004" thick and be provided with spaced central, longitudinally directed slots which are common to double edged blades for locating the blades in the razor type with which they are used. The strip advances around idler roll 7 in the mercury chamber 4 exiting therefrom onto another billy roll 8 and through a mercury scrub chamber 9 wherein mercury residue is removed in known manner from the strip, mercury vapor from the bath 3 and scrub chamber 9 being exhausted by means of exhaust pipes 10 and trap 11. The strip then passes through feed rolls 12 and onto turning rolls 13 which change its orientation from a horizontal to a vertical plane preparatory to its advance into the electrolytic machining chamber 14.
The electrolytic machining chamber 14 shown in FIG- URES 2 and 3 comprises a plurality of cathode electrodes 15 interspaced with insulating spacers 16 (FIG. 4), this alternating or segmental arrangement being best seen in FIG. 6. The cathode electrodes may further be arranged in groups 17, 18 and 19, each group being connected respectively with an associated bus bar 17', 18' and 19. The bus bars 1719 are each connected as at 20 with the negative terminal of the direct current output of circuit 6 in the manner to be described later in detail.
Each cathode electrode 15 and insulating spacer 16 is provided with an upper slotted opening 21 and a pair of lower symmetrically arranged openings 22 and 23 (FIGS. 3 and 4) so that the composite construction is provided with an electrolyte feed plenum 24 comprised of the aligned openings 21, and return flow plenums 25 and 26 comprised of the aligned openings 22 and 23, respectively, (FIG. 6a). Referring again to FIG. 1, electrolyte 27 (FIG. 3) is fed to electrolytic machining chamber by means of pump 28, the electrolyte passing through filtration tank 29, electrolyte analyzer 30 wherein it is analyzed for conductivity, pollution, etc. and thence by pipe 31 to plenum 24 (FIG. 6a). Return flow from plenums 25 and 26 to pump 28 may be made by means of pipe 32 as shown in FIG. 60. As seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, the front face of each cathode electrode 15 is provided with a downwardly tapering sluice 33 which directs electrolyte flow across the upper surfaces of the blade strip 1, the electrolyte thereafter flowing to return plenums 25 and 26 by means of slots 34 in the rear face of the cathode electrode, the electrolyte flow path being generally indicated by the arrows in FIG. 6.
In the construction shown, the electrolyte feed is preferably maintained as a closed system, with the cathode electrodes, insulating spacers and bus bars comprising the electrolytic machining chamber being enclosed in a casing 35 (FIG. 6a) which may be insulated from the bus bars and cathode electrodes in conventional manner (not shown). During the electrolytic machining of strip 1, a
'certain amount of hydrogen gas may be generated and is conveniently removed from the electrolytic machining chamber by means of burn-off pipe 36 (FIG. 1). To compensate for loss of electrolyte due to leakage, dilution etc., an electrolyte make-up feed tank 37 is provided, it being controlled automatically in known manner by a signal received from electrolyte analyzer 30.
It will be readily understood that the strip 1 enters the electrolytic machining chamber as a rectangle and during its passage therein has the shape of its upper edge portion changed to that of the desired blade cutting edge shape. For example, the cutting edge may comprise the two straight sides of an isosceles triangle with the included angle being of a very small measure, as for example, between 18 to 24. On the other hand, the cutting edge may comprise two intersecting convex surfaces with the included angle, once again, being very small. It is thus necessary that the geometry of the cathode electrodes 15 be of a constantly changing character from entry to exit of the electrolytic machining chamber. In other words, the cathode electrode 15 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 has a triangularly slotted segment 38 through which the strip 1 passes in very close proximity therewith (0.0" to .010") since this particularly so shaped segment, as seen in FIG. 3, is utilized at a location well toward the end of the electrolytic machining chamber at which point the shaping of the triangular cutting edge 39 (FIG. 6a) is almost completed. The cathode electrodes near the entry to the electrolytic machining chamber will not, however, have such a radically angled segment. In fact they will present a segment with relatively flat surfaces or working faces 40 which lie opposed to the upper corners of the edge of the blade strip for the purpose of starting metal removal at the corners as seen in step a, FIG. 9, the removed metal being carried off in solution in the electrolyte 27. As the blade strip advances in the electrolytic machining chamber, the cathode electrode shapes undergo a smooth but constant transition presenting segments whose side surfaces or working faces 40 change from relatively fiat to more acutely inclined, following generally the transition illustrated in steps a to e, FIG. 9.
As a further understanding of the foregoing, reference is made to FIG. 7 wherein the shaping of blade strip 1 from generally rectangular cross section to one having a triangular cutting edge 39 is clearly seen. The arrangement of a one-half portion only of all the cathode electrodes and insulating spacers comprising the electrolytic machining chamber is generally denoted by reference numeral 41 in FIG. 7. It will be seen that from entry to exit of the electrolytic machining chamber, the cathode electrodes and insulating spacers have segments which not only change from flat to acute angular, but segments in which the height from base to apex is constantly changing. If the blade cutting edge 39 is to be triangular as shown, the apices of the triangular shaped segments in the cathode electrodes will lie on and along the slightly, downwardly curving line 42. In a like manner, the lower extremity of the sides or working faces of the segments will lie upon a line that curves inwardly and downwardly as along the line 43. For the sake of clarity in the drawing, feed plenum 24 and return plenums 25 and 2 6 are not shown in FIG. 7 in detail other than is shown with respect to the constructional details of the endmost cathode electrode 15. It will be apparent that the cathode electrode geometry may be varied within the scope of this invention according to the shape of the cutting edge to be formed on the blade strip. For example, a cutting edge comprised of convex intersecting surfaces will require that the cathode electrodes segments undergo a transition from initially flat to arcuate surfaces or working faces.
It is further apparent that the electrolytic machining chamber will include a large number of cathode electrodes. It will be readily apparent that the problem of feeding a rectangular shaped strip into the electrolytic machining chamber and shaping it therein with a specific shape of blade cutting edge, involves precision to the highest degree in design and fabrication of the cathode electrodes. Not only must the cathode electrodes be provided with the necessary and constantly changing contoured surfaces or working faces to gradually shape the strip, but they must define a smoothly transitioning path that maintains the gap between the wonking faces and the moving strip within the limits required for effective electrolytic erosion. If the gap is too large, electrolyte discontinuity may occur and metal removal will cease.
The cathode electrode 15 and its companion insulating spacer 16 illustrated in FIGS. 10 to 12 are intended for use at the terminal portions of electrolytic machining chamber 14 and in the electrolytic polishing chamber 44 to be described later in the specification. Instead of having a centrally disposed sluice for delivering electrolyte onto the strip 1, cathode electrode has in its front face a pair of inwardly angled channels 45 and 46 which direct the electrolyte feed (as shown by the arrows, FIGS. 10 and 12) away from the upper surfaces of the faces of cutting edge 39 generated in the earlier stages of strip movement and in particular, where it is desired to minimize impingement of fresh electrolyte against the final edge of the moving strip. Return feed of the electrolyte is made through appropriate slots in the insulating spacer Referring again to FIG. 1, the blade strip 1 leaves the electrolytic machining chamber with the cutting edge 39 generally shaped and sharpened as shown in step e, FIG. 9. It then passes through turning rolls 47 which orient the strip to a horizontal plane for feeding into feed rolls 48 from whence it is led out into a strip loop as at 49' for providing speed control of the strip through the apparat-us. The strip speed may be controlled in a known manner by a photoelectric detection device and other conventional means (not shown). The strip then passes through feed rolls 48' and onto turning rolls 50 which reorient the strip vertically for its entry into electrolytic polishing chamber 44.
Electrolytic polishing chamber 44 is constructed similarly to electrolytic machining chamber 14 and comprises a plurality of alternately arranged cathode electrodes (preferably the type shown in FIG. 10 although the actual geometry of the cathode electrodes will be that commensurate with the intended polishing operation and shape of blade cutting edge) and insulating spacers, the cathode electrodes being arranged in groups 51 and 52, the groups being connected with bus bars 51' and 52' respectively, the bus bars being connected as at 53 'with the negative terminal of the direct current output of circuit 6. Electrolytic polishing chamber 44 is supplied with electrolyte 27 in the same manner as electrolytic machining chamber v14, having a pump 54, filtration tank 55, electrolyte analyzer 56, make-up feed tank 57 and hydrogen burn-01f pipe 58.
The blade strip 1 is subjected to a polishing action within the electrolytic polishing chamber which removes only minute quantities of metal therefrom in relation to that removed in the electrolytic machining chamber. For this reason, the conductivity and the character of the electrolyte will be considerably different that than maintained in the electrolytic machining chamber.
It is also possible within the scope of the present invention to subject the blade strip 1 to a shaping and sharpening in the electrolytic machining chamber 14 and thereafter honing the keen cutting edge by known honing procedure rather than utilizing an electrolytic polishing chamber.
Upon leaving the electrolytic polishing chamber, the now shaped, sharpened and polished razor blade strip 1 is oriented to a horizontal plane by turning rolls 59 and fed by feed rolls 60 into a neutralizing and drying chamber 61. The neutralizing and drying chamber removes and/or renders neutral any electrolyte residue remaining on the strip.
Upon leaving the neutralizing and drying chamber, the blade strip passes through the jaws 62 of a blade breaker which severs the strip into individual razor blades 63.
The particular means of controlling the current in the electrolytic machining and polishing chambers is illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 13. As seen in FIG. 1, the electric circuit 6 includes a separate magnetic amplifier 64, DC rectifier 65 and saturable reactance coil 66 associated with each of the cathode electrode groups 17, 18, 19, 51 and 52 connected electrically therewith through their respective bus bars. Referring in detail to FIG. 13, one leg 67 of the AC input is wound around one side of each saturable reactance coil 66 as at 68. The input to the saturable reactance coil is by means of winding 69 connected to one leg 70 of the magnetic amplifier 64. The other leg 71 of the magnetic amplifier receives its power from the winding 72 connected across the AC power main. The center stator 73 of magnetic amplifier 64 is connected as shown by means of winding 74 with a shunt 75 which is in series with the associated electrode group 19 in the electrolytic machining or polishing chambers, and the negative terminal of DC rectifier 65. The positive terminal of the DC rectifier is connected by line 76 to mercury chamber 4. The DC current flow is thus from the rectifier to the mercury chamber, through mercury bath 3 to strip 1, from strip 1 through the thin layer of electrolyte 27 to the cathode electrode 15, through shunt 75 and back to the rectifier. As the strip 1 advances through the electrolytic machining and polishing chambers, the DC current will change at various points. This results from a change in the conductance of the electrolyte due to its contamination with the metal removed from the strip, and an increased resistance across the gap between the cathode electrodes and moving strip 1. Since it is preferable that the current density remain fairly constant (approximately 300 amperes per square inch) throughout the electrolytic machining and polishing chambers, the changes in the DC current will be manifested in shunt 75 and communicated to magnetic amplifier 64 which in turn controls the output of saturable reactance coil 66 and hence the AC voltage input to rectifier 65 thereby compensating for the DC current changes. It should be apparent that the functioning and purpose of each saturable reactance coil, magnetic amplifier and DC rectifier are the same for their associated cathode electrode groups.
In general, the DC voltage in the circuit may vary between 10 and volts, with the DC current being approximately 175 amperes for a strip speed of approximately feet/minute. The gap between the strip and cathode electrode working faces is preferably maintained between 0.0" and .010, and the total cathode electrode length in each chamber is approximately 7.15 inches for a strip speed of 40 feet/minute.
A number of electrolytes have been found suitable for use in the present invention including 20% NaCl and NaClNaNO solutions.
In general, it is advantageous to use a high strip speed as rapid strip movement irons out surface defects and promotes better finish. This is believed to result from the fact that rapid movement of the strip serves to distribute the deleterious effects (backwash, under-cutting, contamination, etc.) of improper electrolyte over a long length. In other words by moving the strip rapidly past the electrodes, defects in electrolyte or electrode conditions at any given point do not have a chance to materially effect the cutting edge being formed. This is a distinct improvement over other prior art electrolytic machining methods wherein generally the workpiece is fixed relative to a moving electrode and transient cycle faults are reproduced in the workpiece.
FIGURE 8 illustrates a different embodiment of cathode electrode which may be used in the electrolytic machining and polishing chambers in place of the plurality of cathode electrodes 15 and insulating spacers 16 illustrated in FIGURES 2 to 4. In the embodiment of FIG- URE 8 only one-half of the cathode electrode 80 is shown. The cathode electrode 80 comprises an elongated blocklike body which is provided at its top center with a well 81 which is threaded internally as at 82 to provide connecting an electrolyte feed hose (not shown) to the cathode and the well 81 is in communication with longitudinal manifold passages 83 and 84 which are closed at the ends by means of plugs 85 and 86 respectively. Down flow passages 87 extend downwardly from the well and manifold passages as shown to direct electrolyte feed down onto the blade strip (not shown) advancing through the cathode in close spaced relation to the working faces 88 thereof, the working faces having the same smooth constantly changing contour as previously described. The top of the cathode electrode 80 is provided with a terminal 89 for connecting the negative output lead 90 of the direct current circuitry. It is seen that the bus bar connectors previously described are unnecessary when using this form of cathode electrode. The current control circuitry used in conjunction with cathode electrode 80 is otherwise the same as that shown in FIGURE 13.
It will be seen from the above description that the present invention offers a number of important advances in the production of razor blades. It eliminates the need for heavy, expensive equipment which shape and sharpen blades :by purely mechanical operations. It permits blades to be shaped and sharpened from a continuous strip in a continuous operation. Furthermore, it permits the shaping and sharpening of blades with improved cutting edges and with cutting edges of shapes distinctly different from those produced by prior art methods and apparatus. It is also applicable to producing blades of material heretofore considered too soft for machine grinding such as aluminum, and materials previously considered too hard for machine grinding such as tungsten carbide. Since it utilizes the principle of electrolytic reduction, blade production may be increased two to six fold beyond the capacity of known mechanical grinding methods. The latter is attributable to the fact that in mechanical grinding, the line speed cannot exceed a given ratio with respect to surface grinding speed or else the strip would have the effect of dragging across the wheels. No such limitation is imposed upon strip speed when employing the method of the present invention. Increased speed is achieved by increasing the total electrode length and for current density.
A most important feature of the present invention is that the cathode electrodes do not wear out as contrasted with the expense of periodically replacing grinding wheels, stropping devices and similar equipment in purely mechanical grinding methods. Another important feature of the invention is that the use of a large number of individual cathode electrodes and insulating spacers in the electrolytic machining and polishing chambers gives rise to a pulsing generated by the discontinuous nature of the electrode field patterns encountered by the strip moving through these chambers. This pulsing contributes to reducing the problems of hydrogen build-up and electrolyte contamination so manifest in prior art electrolytic processes.
While there are above disclosed but some embodiments of the method and apparatus of the present invention it is possible to produce still other embodiments without departing from the scope of the inventive concept herein disclosed.
What is claimed is:
1. In apparatus for electrolytically shaping a tapered cutting edge on a relatively flat continuous, strip of razor blade stock rendered anodic in an electrolytic circuit which includes:
an electrolytic machining chamber comprising a plurality of transversely arranged, upright, longitudinally spaced cathode electrodes, and insulating spacers located between succeeding cathode electrodes, with each of said electrodes having a central slotted segment presenting shaped working faces past which the strip is spacedly advanced to efiFect metal removal from said strip to an electrolyte in contact with said strip and said cathode electrodes, with the shapes of said working faces gradually changing from a contour at the entry end of the machining chamber corresponding essentially with the edge shape of the strip to a shape at the exit end of the machining chamber corresponding to the shape of the cutting edge to be formed, the improvement wherein said working faces comprise a pair of surfaces arranged symmetrically on each side of the longitudinal axis of said machining chamber and inclined with respect thereto, and
each of said cathode electrodes and insulating spacers have first openings therein which align one with the others and constitute an electrolyte feed plenum within said machining chamber,
each cathode electrode and insulating spacer further having second and third openings therein, the second and third openings of the respective cathode electrodes and insulating spacers aligning one with the others and constituting electrolyte return plenums in said machining chamber,
said cathode electrodes having at least one feed channel formed therein outletting at said working faces for communicating the space between said working faces and the edge surface of said strip with said feed plenum.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the working faces of said electrodes are flat surfaces only slightly inclined with the horizontal and in juxtaposition to the upper corners of the blade strip at the entry end of said machining chamber, said flat surfaces becoming more acutely inclined with the horizontal and ultimately intersecting one with the other in the direction of the exit end of said chamber.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the feed channels in said cathode electrodes comprise sluices extending vertically centrally in each cathode electrode and connecting the first openings in the respective electrodes with the working faces thereof for impinging electrolyte against the tip end of the cutting edge being formed.
4. The apparatus i-f claim 3 wherein said cathode electrodes are provided with return channels which communicate the working faces of the respective electrodes with the second and third openings therein.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the feed channels in said cathode electrodes comprise separate channels associated with each working face of the respective cathode electrodes and arranged symmetrically if the central axis of said machining chamber, said feed channels connecting the first openings in the respective electrodes with the working faces thereof at locations juxtaposed with the sides of the cutting edge being formed.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the space between said working faces and the edge surface of said strip is connected with said return plenums by means of return channels formed in said insulating spacers.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,942,025 I/ 1934 Frost 20428 2,667,456 1/1954 Young 204140 3,271,291 9/1966 Crawford et a1 204224 3,305,470 2/ 1967 Williams et a1. 204211 3,324,021 6/1967 Haggerty 204224 3,324,022 6/1967 Keeleric 204224 OTHER REFERENCES 1,005,458 9/ 1965 Great Britain.
HOWARD S. WILLIAMS, Primary Examiner.
W. VAN SISE, Assistant Examiner.
|Patente citada
|Fecha de presentación
|Fecha de publicación
|3 Ene 1931
|2 Ene 1934
|Thomas H Frost
|Blade strip and method of making the same
|24 Jun 1950
|26 Ene 1954
|Frederick Young Clarence
|Chemical process for retaining cutting edges
|3 Dic 1962
|6 Sep 1966
|Gen Electric
|Electrochemical machining apparatus with electrolyte flow control means
|2 Ene 1963
|21 Feb 1967
|Anocut Eng Co
|Electrolytic shaping apparatus for sequentially reducing the thickness of an elongated workpiece
|23 Oct 1962
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|Electrochemical machining apparatus and tool therefor
|17 Dic 1962
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|8 Jun 1967
|17 Feb 1970
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|Apparatus and method for continuous electrochemical machining of strip material
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|24 Jul 2013
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|Clasificación de EE.UU.
|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
|Clasificación europea
|9 Ago 1995
Owner name: AMERICAN SAFETY RAZOR COMPANY, VIRGINIA
Free format text: TERMINATION OF SECURITY INTEREST IN PATENTS;ASSIGNOR:FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BOSTON, THE, AS AGENT;REEL/FRAME:007919/0324
Effective date: 19950803
|16 Jul 1990
Owner name: FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BOSTON, THE
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AMERICAN SAFETY RAZOR COMPANY, A DE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:005385/0278
Effective date: 19890414
|12 Jul 1989
Owner name: AMERICAN SAFETY RAZOR COMPANY
Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:BANKERS TRUST COMPANY, AS AGENT;REEL/FRAME:005351/0018
Effective date: 19890413
|7 Ago 1984
Owner name: BANKERS TRUST COMPANY A NEW YORK BANKING CORPORATI
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AMERICAN SAFETY RAZOR COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:004324/0601
Effective date: 19840709


text: the alternator on my 89 f-250 doesn't seem to be powerful enough, when i slow down and stop at a light my lights and fan dim, to make up for this i turned my idle up, i can tell it is costing me. the funny thing is when the fan or lights are on seperate at a stop light there is no problem it is just when they are used together? is getting a bigger alternator the only way to solve this problem, maybe the alternator is not the problem.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Welcome to Gluten Free Fridays Recipe Link up! We are happy to have you! Thank you for linking up!
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Hilton Head Volleyball Club: HHVB Club News
Commitment Signing Night
All HHVBC committed players are invited to our commitment signing night Tuesday, November 15th at 6:30pm at HH Prep cafeteria.
At that time we will recognize each team's players and coach; discuss and sign coach, player and parent expectation documents, team parents, club dues, practice start dates and times and you will try on uniform shirts and shorts to ensure you receive the correct size as well as confirm your player number.
If you can't make the signing night please let me know in your commitment reply so we can get important information to and from you.
We look forward to a great season!
Go HHVBC Blacktips!!!


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Thank you all .... and maybe some here should try out for Big Brother 14/2912 . I believe they are auditioning/casting now.
"The way to become boring is to say everything." Voltaire
" The greatness of a nation can be judged by the way its animals are treated. "
Mohandas Gandhi


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Dr Barry Denholm
Our research aims to understand the processes that 'make and shape' organs during animal development.
Barry Denholm
- Hugh Robson Building
- room 305A
- 15 George Square
Contact details
- Work: +44 (0)131 650 9880
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Web: Denholm lab website
- Street
Edinburgh EH8 9XD
Personal profile
- 2014-present: Lecturer, University of Edinburgh
- 2010-2014: Kidney Research UK Research Fellow, University of Cambridge
- 2001-2010: Postdoctoral Research Associate, University of Cambridge
- 2000-2001: Postdoctoral Research Associate, University of Sheffield
- 1996-2000: Ph.D. Developmental Genetics, University of Leicester
- 1992-1995: B.Sc., Genetics, University of Leicester
The internal organs of our bodies start out as small populations of non-specialised cells that transform into mature organs with defined sizes, intricate shapes and specific functions.
We study these processes using the simple excretory system of the fruit fly (Drosophila) as a model because it is easy to manipulate experimentally and genetically, but shares many features with more complex organs such as the vertebrate kidney.
By using a combination of genetic, genomic, cell, and physiological techniques we are exploring the processes that underpin development of the fly excretory system.
We anticipate our studies will provide fundamental insights into organogenesis more widely.
Our current research focuses on two different parts of the excretory system: renal (or Malpighian) tubules and nephrocytes.
We are using the Malpighian tubule to address how organ shape is sculpted during development, how cells with specialised activities arise during organ maturation, and how these two properties integrate to produce the defined physiological activities that characterise the mature organ.
Nephrocytes are specialized cells that filter the blood; they share remarkable similarities to the blood filtration cell of the vertebrate kidney - the podocyte.
By studying the nephrocyte our goal is understand the role of genes known to be required in human kidney (and in kidney diseases) but whose precise activities are currently obscure.
Image gallery
Selected publications
Saxena, A.*, Denholm, B.*, Bunt, S., Bischoff, M., VijayRaghavan, K. and Skaer, H. (2014) Epidermal Growth Factor Signalling Controls Myosin II Planar Polarity to Orchestrate Convergent Extension Movements during Drosophila Tubulogenesis. PLoS Biol 12(12):e1002013
King, B. and Denholm, B.¶ (2014) Malpighian tubule development in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum). Arthropod Structure & Development 43(6):605-13
Denholm, B.*¶, Hu, N*., Fauquier, T., Caubit, X., Fasano, L., and Skaer, H¶,. (2013) The teashirt/tiptop genes regulate cell differentiation and renal physiology in Drosophila. Development 140(5): 1100-1110
Denholm, B. ¶ (2013) Shaping up for action: the path to physiological maturation in the renal tubules of Drosophila. Organogenesis 9(1)
Pulver, S.*, Cognigni P.*, Denholm, B.*, Fabre, C.*, Gu, W.*, Linneweber, G.*, Prieto-Godino, L.*, Urbancic, V.*, Zwart, M.*, and Miguel-Aliaga, I*. (2011) Why flies? Inexpensive public engagement exercises to explain the value of basic biomedical research on Drosophila meleanogaster. Advances in Physiology education 35: 384-392
Bunt, S.*, Denholm, B.* and Skaer, H. (2011) Characterization of the Drosophila procollagen lysyl hydroxylase dPlod. Gene Expression Patterns 11(1-2): 72-8
Weavers, H, Prieto-Sánchez, S, Grawe, F, Garcia-López, A, Artero, R, Wilsch-Bräuninger, M, Ruiz-Gómez, M, Skaer, H, Denholm, B. ¶ (2009). The insect nephrocyte is a podocyte-like cell with a filtration slit diaphragm. Nature 457: 322-326
Denholm, B., and Skaer, H. (2009) Bringing together components of the fly renal system. Current Opinions in Genetics and Development 19(5): 526-32
Simões S, Denholm B., Sotillos S, Martin P, Skaer H, Castelli-Gair Hombría J, and Jacinto A. (2006). Compartmentalization of Rho regulators directs cell invagination during tissue morphogenesis. Development 133(21): 4257-67
Denholm B., Brown S, Ray RP, Ruiz-Gomez M, Skaer H, Hombria JC. (2005).crossveinless-c is a RhoGAP required for actin reorganisation during morphogenesis. Development 132(10):2389-400
Jung AC, Denholm B., Skaer H, Affolter M. (2005). Renal tubule development in Drosophila: a closer look at the cellular level. J Am Soc Nephrol. 16(2):322-8
Denholm, B. and Skaer, H. (2005). Development of Malpighian tubules in insects. In Comprehensive Molecular Insect Science, Vol 2 (ed. L.I. Gilbert, S. Gill and K. Iatrou), pp. 291-314. Oxford, UK: Elsevier.
Denholm B., Sudarsan V, Pasalodos-Sanchez S, Artero R, Lawrence P, Maddrell S, Baylies M, Skaer H. (2003). Dual origin of the renal tubules in Drosophila: mesodermal cells integrate and polarize to establish secretory function. Current Biology. 13(12):1052-7
Denholm B., Skaer H. (2003). Tubulogenesis: a role for the apical extracellular matrix? Current Biology. 13(23):R909-11
* equal contribution, ¶ corresponding author


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Alison Lee
Alison Lee is the co-editor of Multiples Illuminated: A Collection of Stories and Advice from Parents of Twins, Triplets and More, a writer, and publisher. A former PR and marketing professional, Alison's writing has been featured in Mamalode, On Parenting at The Washington Post, The Huffington Post, Everyday Family, Scary Mommy, BonBon Break and Club Mid. She is one of 35 essayists in the anthology, My Other Ex: Women's True Stories of Leaving and Losing Friends (Fall, 2014), and has an essay in another, So Glad They Told Me: Women Get Real About Motherhood (Summer, 2016). She is also an editor at BonBon Break. Alison lives in Malaysia with her husband and four children (two boys and boy/ girl twins).


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Piscataway veterinary services – delivered with courtesy and respect!
As a new client of our veterinary clinic in Piscataway, New Jersey, you can expect our full attention to your pets' needs.
When you arrive for your appointment, you will be greeted warmly, and we'll usher you into an examination room after checking in your pet. Then, one our of veterinarians will take a thorough history, examine your pet, and discuss a possible diagnosis and treatment plan if applicable.
This is a great time to ask questions. Our veterinary team wants to make sure you're completely comfortable with the information we're providing.
We are excited to meet you and your human and animal family members!


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Joined: 2016-02-18
Posts: 1
Location: San Francisco
Posted: 2016-02-18 19:27
I am getting time out when downloading files larger than 128Meg via API & WebDavS in v5.8.1.
Open a session, download files from a target directory.
Site Admin
Joined: 2002-12-10
Posts: 27106
Location: Prague, Czechia
Posted: 2016-02-22
Do you have the problem in the current stable version?
Please attach a full log file showing the problem.
To generate log file, enable logging, log in to your server and do the operation and only the operation that causes the error. Submit the log with your post as an attachment. Note that passwords and passphrases not stored in the log. You may want to remove other data you consider sensitive though, such as host names, IP addresses, account names or file names (unless they are relevant to the problem). If you do not want to post the log publicly, you can mark the attachment as private.
You can post new topics in this forum
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Legal Question in Credit and Debt Law in Pennsylvania
If I had a vehicle reposesed and they sell it at an aution, am i responsible to pay the difference in the amount that I owed on the vehicle and what they got for it at aution?
Asked on 11/02/12, 1:34 pm
2 Answers from Attorneys
Roger Traversa Arjont Group (Law Office of Roger Traversa)
Answered on 11/02/12, 2:09 pm
Matthew Nahrgang Nahrgang & Associates, P.C.
Yes. However, they often don't sue to collect it so you may never actually have to pay it. If the debt is significant or you have other debts, you could consider a bankruptcy.
I would be happy to advise you by phone or e-mail on a free initial basis.
Answered on 11/05/12, 11:57 am


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I pluged my USB HD on the wrong USB port of the wii. USB loader complained about it, and I switched it. It aked me to try again for more 30s and I choosed IOS249 if I remember right and it loaded my HD. But about half of my games where missing.
I loaded usb loader default settings just to make sure I had not done something, but nothing happened. I went to check the HD on my computer, and on wbfs manager it shows just few games, but allmos all the disk space is gone. Windows explorer says
Any ideas on how to get my games back and fix this issue, or should I format the drive and start over?


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Throwback Thursday
Sussex head to Arundel Castle next week for five days of cricket and this year's festival marks a special anniversary as it's 25 years since the county first went there to play Championship fixtures.
Over the years, the wickets there tend to be a touch on the slow side, although after the traumas Sussex batsmen have experienced at Hove this season, when they have only scored one century between them in four games, a surface where the ball isn't pinging around their earholes could be just what they need to restore confidence and form.
Slow pitches have produced attritional cricket at times but in such a timeless setting no one seems to mind too much. And it doesn't mean that there has been a lack of drama over the past quarter-century.
Back in 1994 Sussex won there for the first time against Middlesex thanks to an inspired debut by local lad Jason Lewry, who went on to take 600 wickets for the county. On the first day Lewry took 4 for 40, his victims including former England captain Mike Gatting.
Another high-class operator, New Zealander Chris Cairns, produced the best bowling performance on the ground a year later. Surrounded as it is by trees, the Castle Ground has often been a haven for bowlers who can get the ball to move through the air and Cairns ended up with 15 for 83 as Nottinghamshire shredded Sussex in two days. The visitors' Tim Robinson, the former England opener, took advantage of the unscheduled day off by umpiring in a club game down the road at Arundel CC.
Sussex won their in two of their Championship winning seasons of 2003 and 2007 at Arundel while current Head Coach Mark Robinson enjoyed one of his finest moments as a batsman in 2005, defying his former county Yorkshire for 11 balls and 18 minutes as Sussex clung on for a draw with nine wickets down.
Batsmen have prospered too. In that same game Darren Lehmann of Yorkshire, who will be here soon for the Ashes as Australia coach, smashed a brilliant 216, although that is not the highest score on the ground. Sussex's Murray Goodwin made 235 a year later against the same opposition, one of 28 hundreds scored at Arundel.
Whatever happens, watching cricket there from the grass banks which hug two sides of the ground is always a treat. When the sun is out there are few better places to be in England to enjoy the summer game than the Duchess of Norfolk's back garden.


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The car: Citroen DS5
The price: About $50,000 when it arrives in August
Engine: 1.6-litre turbo 4-cyl; 147kW/275Nm; 6-sp manual, FWD
Fuel use and emissions: 6.7L/100L and 155g/km CO2 (European cycle, combined)
Kerb Weight: 1505kg
0-100km/h 8.2 secs
Just say the word ''France'' and people automatically think of fashion. Indeed, the streets of Paris are recognised worldwide as the bastion of haute couture.
It makes sense, then, that a French car maker - in this case Citroen - should try to uphold that reputation.
Citroen's ''Creative Technologie'' program has so far spun out the style-driven DS3 compact hatch, the slightly larger DS4 and, more recently, the mid-size DS5 wagon.
The car maker recently gave us a chance to jump behind the wheel of the DS5 in an exclusive drive through the French capital.
The DS5 is based on Peugeot's 3008 soft-roader and eschews the extra ride height for a more sleek shooting brake profile.
It pays to note, too, that the DS5 is Australia-bound, and should arrive here in about August, priced at less than $50,000.
That will pitch it up on to similar ground as small-engined premium wagons such as BMW's 3-Series Touring, the Mercedes-Benz C-Class Estate, and Volvo's V60 wagon.
An emphasis on design is apparent as soon as you open the driver's door. It starts with deep, heavily bolstered chequered-pattern leather seats, a simple leather-wrapped steering wheel that's squared off at the bottom, and an instrument cluster trimmed in cold-touch aluminium highlights.
A head-up display rises from the dash when you hit the start button. Even the analog clock looks more work of art than utilitarian.
The centre console appears to borrow heavily from Ferrari, with a line of switches on either side of the short-throw shifter for the six-speed manual gearbox.
We're driving a version of the DS5 powered by a 1.6-litre turbocharged four-cylinder petrol engine. It produces 147kW of power fairly high in the rev range, and 275Nm from just off idle, or about the same performance as a significantly lighter Mini Cooper S.
On the road, the engine responds promptly to the throttle, pulling cleanly and happy to rev. There's enough responsiveness to dart past a slower truck, or pick the right gap in traffic.
The clutch action is light, the take-up point easy enough to find, and the six-speed gearbox just a little notchy.
The suspension, too, has transformed, eschewing the traditional air-sprung system used in the 1960s DS for a more conventional MacPherson strut system up front and a link system down the rear.
It means the suspension doesn't have the same floating quality of the older air-sprung Citroens, although cornering now involves less lean and more confident handling than we remember in other chevron-badged limousines.
The move away from the traditional Citroen fixed-hub steering wheel - replaced with a conventional one - is a disappointment, but the more connected feel with the front wheels is not.
While the turbo engine seems a good match to the DS5, Australia is likely to get a non-turbo version, which will drop performance to a more modest 115kW and 240Nm. There's no word on a hybrid version of the car, either.
Given its likely competition, the Citroen DS5 won't be able to rely on its good looks alone when it goes on sale here later this year although, as we all know, it can help a lot.
Follow Drive.com.au on Twitter @Drivecomau


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This game is what called playing above the refs. Didn't matter how many bad calls the refs made, CP and them pulled it through.
New Orleans Hornets at Phoenix Suns »
Game On: Hornets @ Suns
New Orleans Hornets (41-31, 7th in West) at Phoenix Suns (36-34, 10th)
What a bittersweet night it was for the Hornets last night. They turned a certain loss into a tie, and then eventually into a win as Emeka Okafor's miracle shot looked like a play that was stolen straight from an NCAA tournament game. Even the reaction of the team was March Madness-like. But just two plays earlier was a scene that made every Hornets fan sick to their stomach, as David West was taken off the court in a wheelchair, still writhing in pain from what the Hornets staff would later call "left knee trauma." [update: Torn ACL 🙁 Â Â ]
Now the Hornets have to play Phoenix less than 24 hours after spending so much emotional and physical energy in that dramatic win in Utah. Â Ariza and Paul both played big minutes last night. Carl Landry will be thrust into the starting lineup, replacing an All-Star caliber player, just weeks after being acquired from the Kings. Monty will have to formulate a new rotation, deciding on how to divide West's 40 minutes. Bottom line, this is not a recipe for success, especially when you combine it with the fact that Phoenix has been playing good ball this week as they push for a playoff spot.
What does give the Hornets hope, however, is that they beat this very same Phoenix team just nine days ago in a game that they controlled for the most part. Chris Paul was dynamic in that game, thoroughly outplaying Steve Nash in every way, and Emeka Okafor had stretches of dominance on both ends of the floor. The Hornets also got production from their bench that night. Carl Landry, who will start in this game, was very physical in his 17 minutes of play, going 4-7 and scoring 8 points. Phoenix doesn't have an answer for Landry on the defensive end and for the Hornets to win tonight, they are going to have to exploit that matchup.
Even without David West, the Hornets will be able to score points against a Phoenix team that gives up nearly 106 PPG. Where this game is going to be won or lost for the Hornets is on the defensive end of the court. In the first meeting between the two teams, the Hornets were exploited on the interior after losing Emeka to an injury. In the second meeting, Emeka locked down the paint, but Phoenix exploited the Hornets poor perimeter rotations by knocking down 14 three-pointers.
In all likelihood, the Hornets will have locking down the paint as their first priority, with the idea that they want Phoenix to have to live or die by their ability to make contested jump shots. Two things scare me about that strategy. The first thing is that Phoenix has been shooting extremely well as of late from behind the arc. They are averaging over 12 made treys per game in their last five games, shooting 41% from deep in that stretch.
The second thing that worries me is that, even if Phoenix were to miss those contested three's, I am not so sure that the Hornets will be able to grab those long rebounds. While Carl Landry exhibited quality play on the offensive end in the last game against Phoenix, he was a no-show on the defensive glass, as he did not grab a single defensive board in his 17 minutes. On several occasions, Phoenix's big men simply reached over the undersized Landry for offensive rebounds that kept possessions alive for the Suns. On the flip side, West had 8 defensive rebounds in only 31 minutes. So, either Landry is going to have to play more like D West or the Hornets are going to need major contributions on the glass by their wing players.
Other News and Notes:
– In the last meeting, the Hornets outscored Phoenix 46-22 in the paint, which was one of the most lopsided victories in this category for the Hornets this season. Even without West, I still expect the Hornets to easily win the battle in the paint, as long as Okafor stays out of foul trouble.
– Hornets fans are in a strange position to root for the Spurs tonight, as they square off with Portland. A Hornets win and a Blazers loss means the Hornets vault into sixth and that means a matchup with the Mavs (as opposed to the Lakers). Spurs face the Blazers two times in the next four days. Then, the Hornets get Portland on Wednesday. Luckily for Portland, they somehow get to avoid Duncan twice and David West in what looked like the toughest part of their remaining schedule when I glanced at it a week ago.
– I haven't looked at the 29 other teams' schedules, but there is no way that anybody had an odder schedule than we have had this season. We play the most games in the NBA through the All-Star break and even up through mid March, and then we get five days off, only to be followed by 3 games in 4 nights. What? Thankfully, after this road trip it gets normal, as we only have one back-to-back and no long five day off stretches to make the guys rusty.
– Hornets 247 Bracket is tight, with a lot of people still having a shot to win. What a crazy tournament- I just hope the games are as good in the Final Four as they have been up to this point.
– Vegas Zone: Suns are 3.5 Â point favorites in this game, and nearly all of the money so far has been going on Phoenix. Because of that, I expect the line to get up to at least 5 or 6 by the time the game starts. The over/under is 196 and I feel safe in taking the over in this game. For some reason, I think the Hornets play more small ball and try to outscore Phoenix tonight. And surprisingly, I think they do it as CP3 has a monster game for his fallen soldier. Hornets 108 Suns 102.
– As sad as I have been since D West went down, I knew there was only one thing that might be able to cheer me up, and that is reading all of your comments as you… Cap….That….Pic
Great game!!! Carl really stepped up, 8-16 shooting, 6 rebs and 3 steals. The bench did pretty well too. Nothing better than a team effort win. Oh and Mek with the put back after Willie's airball was great. He was in the right place at the right time once again!! Go Hornets!!!
don't know about you all but I was extremely proud to be a Hornet fan during tonights game. Our team fought throughout the game and NEVER gave up. Gotta love it... Let's Geaux Bees........
besides the win the thing that i loves was the fact that carl landry stood up and replaced West perfectly. Couldnt ask more. Great team effort to.
Great game by the Hornets.
That Chris interview, to me, says EXACTLY what many of us all believed to be true: Chris has an investment in this team, his team, and his guys, like D. He spins alot of good words about Mr. James, etc., but he was legitimately emotional about West. It's odd for Chris to not be total command of what he puts out there.
Monty chest bumpin, i think brooks had him pissed off he wanted to suit up. They say we warriors! we are victorious!!
San Antonio's dumb asses couldn't pull it off heh? SMH. Damn.
I hd to cheeck that play 3 times just to make sure the Suns didnt have 6 players on the court, how the heck were two people chasing CP and he couldnt find someone open? But we won!!!! Why couldnt CP be this Clunch for all the year, we would probably have at least another 5 wins, at least!
Chris got the steal, ran the clock, got the MEAN assist . . . then participated in la chest-bump-fiesta . . . loving Chris tonight . . . You are making me happy, little man . . .
Thanks for the airball Willie :)
I think Chris just showed us how to make an entire team your puppy-dog-bitch . . . Wow! What a sight to see!
Check this out guys... CP telling official he missed foul call and out of bounds call... official told him "I saw it." And that ended the conversation. less than 20 seconds ago via web What kind of **** is that???!!!!! If you saw it then call it mofo.
So would anyone have preferred david west to take the shot on that possession? It wasnt really a good shot off balance only 2 feet over the three line
Big ass stop here . . . Bigger ass score!!!
The three-Jack!
Son of a mother!
Is Ariza just on, is does having West out give him more 'authority' to take the ball to the rim?
We can win this game. Quit with the horseshit, guys!
I had to come here just to say these refs are out of control. talk about whistle happy, i think its glued to his lip and hes just breathin now
Caption: I got these cheeseburgers, man . . .
That was a piss poor foul Derrick Stafford called on Willie just now. SMH.
Derrick Stafford is a joke.
did steve Nash's skull just break Gortat's nose....damn nash is tough
Its gonna be interesting to see wat happens this summer wit the Hornets. A Lots of questions surrounding us. Wat do u guys think happens with D West?
great way to finish the half by cp... hes gotta be more aggressive if we wanna have a shot
Hornets gonna get killed by the 3 ball. Headed out to grab a bite to eat. I'll see what happened with this crap later.
Hornets need to grab rebounds like CRAZY!
Gortat got away with a foul on Meka but they called him for the foul on Big Gray.
Somebody stick Warrick please.
Note to Hornets:Gortat can hit a J. In case you haven't noticed.
Aaron Gray needs a tech for slamming that ball like that. If it were a Hornet they'd give him a tech I'd bet.
Lame, they didn't show the interview on NBATV, or maybe I missed it.
Yeah. He almost broke down there for a second. Made my GF a little sad.
hey we need the lake show out of the 2 spot.....
They should waive Steve Novak immediately.
Chris Paul wasn't credited with an assist though. :(
CP3 in crunch time = $
Yes! but in my opinion for the last 2 games he has settled for too many Js. Now he's hitting them, so its not a problem yet.
Refs don't speak english. "I saw it" is probably a recipe for a smoothie.
Wow CP just got called a foul too... I did not see any illegal contact at all.
I know right?! Suns reporter said he had a broken nose, return is doubtful.
He hit 2 by the way...
Ya i couldnt tell if he was about to cry or just exhausted cuz his voice was cracking
I meant Chris Paul wasn't credited with a steal.
So we say we want Chris to shoot more when he doesn't shoot and now that he's shooting we say he's settling for too many J's? Wow. If he has the J available to him, why not shoot them. Driving to the rim is not always safe/the right thing to do.
I know. Maybe I should have said Gortat can hit J's then.


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The Invincible Iron Man - GBA - Review
I have collected comics for over 25 years. One of my favorites has been The Invincible Iron Man. Iron Man is Tony Stark-- a wealthy industrialist whom, using the (not iron) suit he created, battles crime in his spare time. I was delighted to learn that Activision was bringing this hero to life for a popular platform such as the Game Boy Advance. Though I had hoped for something larger like Xbox, or even PSX, I'll take what I can get. The last time I saw Iron Man on a system was for my Dreamcast in Marvel vs. Capcom 2. Now, the other "Man of Steel" (ok, an alloy) has his own title in 2003.
Sadly, I am not very thrilled with the offering. The Invincible Iron Man is a decent game, but plays too much like better games of the same style. It is not much more than Mega Man in a red and yellow suit. It is not terrible, but lacking in anything special. Considering the character is 40 years old, you'd think they'd have some better idea of what to do with him. They've had a couple of decades to think of something.
As mentioned, it plays like many other titles. It's a side-action adventure with Iron Man jogging along shooting baddies and disabling whatever is trying to stop him along the way. The idea is that Tony Stark has had an Iron Man suit stolen, and must recover it before damage is done. Firstly, that bugs a comic purist like me, as this just doesn't happen! Ok, I am being picky. You must traverse the dangers of enemies wielding large blasting weapons, while dodging laser-firing turrets and hopefully battle his arch-enemies (bosses) Blizzard and Crimson Dynamo. You begin in a boring "dock" area that goes on and on with annoyingly repeating backgrounds and buildings (think: old Hanna-Barbera cartoons).... and also get to experience woods, snow and an ugly industrial area (finally). It is not easy, either. Most backgrounds make it a mess to get around, and it's challenging enough without environmental distractions to hinder your progress.
As you go along, you collect extra lives, power-ups and health points. Iron Man's weapon is his "repulsor beam" which is built into his gloves. He also has an annoying and useless ability to run very fast and charge-down an opponent. I didn't find this useful except when running past turrets as needed. Otherwise, it makes his reckless and a hazard to himself. As you blast your way along, your shooting power becomes weaker. You must allow your suit to recharge or your firepower becomes dangerously impaired. This is easy enough to do, however. Just find a spot with no "action" and wait. Your meter will increase and you're back in business. Getting health power ups is a lot more challenging. They stick those in places that will kill you before you can reach them. Did I mention this is not an easy game?
It is hard. I think perhaps too hard. The enemies come at you fast and furious if you move along at a decent pace. If not, you have to creep along and risk being hit by an off-screen blast. A no-win situation either way. The bosses didn't seem as bad, as you do not have as many distractions. I found it annoying that the turrets were able to shoot fast and sometimes through things to get to you. They are also in awkward places for you to destroy them. He can leap high, but within some environments, that is not possible. You're (too often) a sitting Iron Duck.
The graphics were not too bad, but I did not like the environments. Good colors and images, but they were crammed together and made the experience confusing and troublesome. The sounds were clear, but his grunt when he jumps was kind of silly. Attention Activision: Tony's suit it powered and FLIES in the comics. Why would he grunt when he jumps? Even his first, cumbersome yellow suit got him around without grunting! For goodness sakes-- he sounds like a Klingon with a migraine! The music and effects sounds were OK for GBA, but I have heard better.
For his debut on GBA, Iron Man is a bit heavy on the side of mediocre. There are some fun challenges here and there (the bosses, for example), but it is too messy and ugly in between. Die-hard fans like me will have to try it out, but casual gamers will be better served looking elsewhere for hero-adventures. This one is easy to pass by.
Gameplay: 6
The game plays like a lot of others in the same genre, but without the flair to separate it in any way. The controls are easy enough to master, as there is only shoot, jump, run and power-up-shoot. Leaping from platform to platform while dodging (unfair?) gun turrets and off-screen bad guys gets a bit irritating. It took a lot of restarts to get anywhere. Finally, I had to settle for creeping along slowly and being aggravated by the pace. But, I wanted to get somewhere in the game.
Graphics: 6
Decent looking, but too cluttered, too often. It gets messy and too difficult to navigate. I don't shun a challenge, but when the buildings get in the way, that is rough. More work than it is worth.
Sound: 6.5
The battle sounds were pretty good, and the music was average. I did not care for his grunting sound every time you make a little leap. His repulsor sounded good, as did the enemies' weapons.
Difficulty: Hard
The game is more difficult than it should be. Fighting bad guys is OK, but battling the ugly environments is terrible. Jumping is clumsy and aiming at some enemies while jumping is a pain in the.... thumb.
Concept: 4.5
There are a lot of ways this could have been special, but none of them were explored. It starts with a walk-and-blast situation, and ends that way. Tony/Iron Man is not a dumb hero. He could have had to discover things and work out problems-- before, during and after his battles. Why go with the mindless shoot 'em up?
Overall: 5.5
Not terrible, but not terribly good. If you haven't had enough of the run and shoot side-scrolling games, give this a try. If you don't like games that work against your skills with poor design, avoid this one. It will drive you crazy. It's sad to say, as I am such a fan, but honesty must prevail. Maybe a sequel will be created, and they will make something that utilizes Iron Man's real skills and without the annoyances.


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Last week, researchers announced they had cracked the genetic code of the flu virus that killed 20-50 million people in the 1918–1919 pandemic. They also made the genetic sequence publicly available (see 'Resurrected' 1918 flu virus gives insight into bird flu).
Immediately, a debate began about whether this information could be used to help create a biological weapon. The researchers themselves had, in a paper in Science, demonstrated that the 1918 virus could be recreated.
This editorial in The Lancet argues that the decision to publish the virus's genetic sequence was "undoubtedly the right one". It explains that the move comes as the United States has begun taking the lead in efforts to draw global attention to the threat of another human flu pandemic.
However, the editorial goes on to say that a leaked copy of the US pandemic preparedness report reveals one weak point: "it does not say who is in charge of coordinating a response".
It concludes that what is needed is "strong national and regional leadership, … unrestricted transparency… from all countries, including China … and renewed research efforts to find the best methods of prevention and treatment".


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Esprit! offers a new form of entertaining and enlightening events. While we stand firm in our tradition and history, we look ahead to the future and beyond to the outside world. Contemporary arts must be free to encounter the deep cultural heritage to give birth to new, surprising forms of expression.
Esprit! 2017
More programme shortly
Esprit! 2016
Esprit! Eng


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It's something of a surprise that Reland hasn't managed to get his head in front yet but the handicapper has eased him a few pounds lately and it would be no surprise if today was his day. Cold Harbour boasts a first and a third from two runs around here and looks sure to be in the firing-line again, but The Humbel Monk has been well beaten in all three starts over fences while Run To Fly looks very one-paced. Born To be Wilde is making his debut over the larger obstacles so this is probably best left to BOB CASEY, who is a pound lower than when second to Derawar over C&D 12 days ago and has an experienced conditional on board in the shape of Joshua Moore.
Reland (FR) 6-1 (11-8) Chased leaders, not fluent 7th, mistake 13th, soon weakened, 6th of 10, well behind Rudinero (10-0) at Taunton 3m 3f hcp ch 0-110 (4) gs in Jan.
Cold Harbour 8-1 (10-12) Jumped left, led until 4 out, weakened 2 out, 3rd of 7, 18l behind Winterwood (11-12) at Ffos Las 3m nov hcp chs 0-115 (4) sft in Feb.
The Humbel Monk (IRE) 80-1 (10-9) Led until very awkward 1st, raced in 4th after 3rd, behind 7th, closed before 10th, jumped left and mistake 11th, weakened 13th, tailed off, 4th of 5, well behind Hector's Choice (10-12) at Ludlow 2m 4f nov chs (3) gd.
Born To Be Wilde (IRE) 22-1 (11-10) Held up in rear, weakened approaching 5th, tailed off, 9th of 10, well behind Decent Lord (10-0) at Hereford 2m 1f hcp hdl 0-95 (5) gs in Feb.
Bob Casey (IRE) 5-1 (11-12) Tracked leader, hit 2nd, led 6th, blundered 9th, hit 11th, headed 12th, ridden after 5 out, ridden and every chance before 2 out, soon beaten, 2nd of 6, 10l behind Derawar (11-4) at Ffos Las 3m hcp chs 0-90 (5) gs.
Run To Fly (IRE) 8-1 (9-12) Chased leader, hit 10th and next, lost 2nd 12th, driven in 3rd after 13th, losing place when hampered 4 out, soon beaten, last of 6, 19l behind Marias Rock (10-9) at Ffos Las 3m 1f hcp chs 0-105 (4) sft.


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Related Organizations
- KEWL: Knowledge Empowering Women Leaders
Mission: To complement and enhance the presence of women at Washington and Lee, through leadership training, service, programming and participation in Women's Studies courses. Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com
Mission: To end sexual assault at Washington and Lee and ensure the safety and integrity of current and future generations of students, by educating the W&L community about the prevalence, nature, and causes of sexual assault at Washington and Lee; educating the community about what they can do to prevent or end sexual assault; and advocating institutional and campus climate reform that will help to eliminate sexual assault at Washington and Lee. Contact: email@example.com.
- One in Four
The purpose of One in Four is to prevent sexual misconduct by educating men, and to prepare men to support women who are victims of assault. Contact: email@example.com
- GEI: General Equality Initiative
Mission: Each member of the W&L community benefits from any and all measures to increase tolerance and acceptance of the differences within it. GEI will serve as an organization for students, administrators, and faculty committed to increasing tolerance and acceptance of the gay, lesbian and bisexual members of the W&L community.
- MSA: Multicultural Student Association
Mission: To promote ethnic and cultural awareness; To support the recruitment and retention of minority undergraduates; To provide social support for minority students; To assist the administration with improving the status of minority student life; To encourage interracial cooperation and communication; To create a voice against racism and discrimination Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com
- SAIL: Student Association for International Learning
Mission: The governmental purpose of SAIL is for the promotion, financing and coordination of campus wide and committee oriented activities to increase international awareness together with the international office. Those groups that are participating in the umbrella group of SAIL are those with an international relevance:
International Development and Relief Group aims to connect W&L community to and assist countries in need around the world
International Students Association – helps W&L international population with the problems that they experience because of being away from home
Model United Nations – tries to provoke debates over controversial topics of all kinds by organizing and attending conferences
Outreach Committee – seeks to promote international awareness by bridging the gap between international students and W&L and Lexington communities
Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com
Law Student Groups
- BLSA: The Black Law Student Association
Mission: The Black Law Student Association narrowly aims to articulate and promote the professional needs and goals of Black law students, foster and encourage professional competence, focus upon the relationship of the Black law student and the Black attorney to the American legal structures while generally establishing a climate of tolerance and acceptance of diversity and providing a support system for minority students at Washington and Lee University School of Law. Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com
- OutLaw
Mission: to promote a sense of community among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex law students and to educate the W&L School of Law, University, and Lexington communities about the legal issues facing LGBTI individuals.
- WLSO: Women Law Students Organization
Mission: An organization that promotes a non-sexist atmosphere and provides a forum of discussion for issues that interest, concern and affect women, WLSO is dedicated to advocating for the success of women in the law, and to bringing an awareness of women's issues to the W&L Law School community.


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Hudsonite on board
Melody Wahlberg of Hudson has been elected as a new member of the The Lamar Board of Directors. The organization, based in St. Croix Falls, is a regional center focusing on education and the arts.
Wahlberg is a fourth generation advocate for Lamar. Her great-grandparents were immigrant farmers and contributed to the school at the time it was built in 1905.


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KNOXVILLE, Tenn. — Georgia quarterback Aaron Murray likely will become the Southeastern Conference's all-time leader in career yards passing today at Tennessee.
Tennessee will try to make sure he remembers this game for an entirely different reason.
Now that the sixth-ranked Bulldogs (3-1, 2-0 SEC) have survived a brutal September schedule with their national title hopes intact, they must avoid a letdown against a Tennessee (3-2, 0-1) team that feasts on turnovers.
Murray is 99 yards away from matching former Georgia quarterback David Greene's SEC record of 11,528 career yards passing. He faces a Tennessee defense that has picked off 11 passes to match Virginia Tech for the most among all Football Bowl Subdivision programs.
"They're like every SEC team we're going to face all year," Murray said. "Big. Fast. Big plays. They've shown that with 11 picks. If I'm not on my game or as accurate as I need to be, they're going to make plays on the ball."
Murray leads an offense that has scored at least 35 points in each of its first four games. Georgia balances Murray's passing prowess with a rushing attack that features Todd Gurley and Keith Marshall, though Gurley has a sprained left ankle that leaves his status for today's game in doubt.
"They're very good, one of the best offenses I've ever seen," Tennessee safety Brian Randolph said. "It's going to be a big challenge for us out there."
While Georgia finished the toughest portion of its schedule last week with a 44-41 victory over No. 10 Louisiana State, Tennessee is in the midst of its own grueling stretch. The Volunteers have next week off before playing host to No. 13 South Carolina on Oct. 19 and visiting top-ranked Alabama on Oct. 26.
Tennessee has lost 18 consecutive games against ranked opponents and is 1-24 against Top 25 teams since 2008. The Vols also have lost 11 of their past 12 October games.
But the Vols' tradition still has the attention of Georgia coach Mark Richt, who doesn't expect his team to overlook Tennessee after facing the likes of Clemson, South Carolina and LSU over the last month.
"You don't ever want to let down, but we're playing Tennessee so I don't foresee a letdown," Richt said. "If we were playing somebody else, you might start talking that way, but not when you play Tennessee."