text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|21 May 1991
|Filing date
|8 Jun 1989
|Priority date
|8 Jun 1989
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Phyllis Kulakowski
|Original Assignee
|Phyllis Kulakowski
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (32), Classifications (9), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to a device for securing electrodes to the chest of an infant afflicted with Apnea. Specifically, the present invention relates to an adjustable belt for disposition about the chest of an infant to support sensing electrodes that have to be disposed there to monitor heartbeat and respiration.
Infants afflicted with Apnea require constant monitoring in the home to identify abnormal pauses in breathing and changes in heart rate. A cessation of breathing, called Apnea, may be accompanied by either a slowing or an increase of the infant's heart rate. These are detectable events. These conditions can result in low supplies of oxygen in the infant's system. To determine if an infant's heart or respiratory rate has changed, physicians place the infants on monitoring devices which detect these changes and inform the observers, frequently the parents, of possible threatening episodes in sufficient time for corrective action to be taken.
In the monitoring devices, lead wires are used to conduct electrical impulses detected by the sensing electrodes. The electrodes are firmly placed upon the infant's chest. The lead wires are plugged into the monitor and the electrodes transmit breathing or heartbeat signals through the lead wires. Commonly, two types of electrodes are used. Disposable electrodes snap on to the lead wires and are pads or discs made of paper or foam rubber which stick to the infant with a special gel that maximizes the quality of the contact with the skin. Permanent electrodes are similar in concept but are detachably affixed to the belt. The electrodes and the belt have hook and loop fasteners which co-act with the electrodes to hold the electrodes in place against the infant's chest. The belt secures the electrodes in place.
In the prior art, the electrode belt has been made of a length of elasticized material such as a stretchable foam. The belt is frequently secured around the infant with a fastening device made of plastic hooks and loops that mesh together and form a detachable fastener. Once the infant is attached to the monitor using the belt of the prior art, alarms occur frequently. Usually these alarms are "false alarms" and result from mechanical malfunctions such as loose leads or from lead wire connections or from an electrode not contacting the skin. The parent, however, must respond to the false alarm as if a real episode were occurring. Very frequently, the false alarms occur when the infant reaches and grasps the electrodes or the lead wires and either disconnects them from the monitor or from its body. Also, as the infant moves during the night while sleeping, the wires can become tangled in the infant's arms and disconnect the lead wires from the monitor. All of such interruptions give a false alarm signal to which the parent must respond.
The present invention provides an elongated band of fabric that has sufficient length to encircle the infant and to be fastened around its chest. A tunnel is formed on the inner side along the length of the band to receive and house the wires that are connected to the sensing electrodes. The tunnel is preferably formed by sewing the edge of a fold of the band to the center of the band. At about the middle of the band, the fold is not sewn to the band so as to provide for egress of the wires. In the preferred embodiment, the fold is sewn over the entire length of the band with only the central section remaining unsewn thereby to form a central port. In that way, wires can emerge from both ends of the tunnel, and when the band is properly secured around the infant, they will emerge from the belt over the infant's back. Thus, the infant cannot readily grasp and detach them from the monitor.
A fastener device is disposed on the ends of the band and in the preferred embodiment, the fastener is an interrelatable, two component adjustable fastener, preferably in the form of pads of the well known plastic hooks and loops which have a pad of hooks that join with a pad of loops to snugly secure the fastener together. The belt is thus adjustable so as to compensate for growth and infants of various sizes.
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of an infant in a crib with the belt of the present invention disposed about its chest and with the wires attached to an Apnea monitor;
FIG. 2 is an elevational view of the inner side of the Apnea belt;
FIG. 3 is an elevational view of the outer side of the Apnea belt.
Referring to FIG. 1, a infant B is shown lying on its stomach on a mattress M with a monitor 1 disposed on a table T. The monitor 1 is of conventional design and may be a Health-Dyne Infant Monitor 16900, as sold by Health-Dyne Inc. of Marietta, Ga. The monitor includes a heart monitor (under the legend "HEART") in upper left corner of the front panel that blinks with each heartbeat. The light is on during the heartbeat and is off during the rest period between beats. A respiration monitor (under the legend "RESP.") is located in the upper center of the front panel and blinks as the infant breathes. An alarm delay setting 3 is associated with the respiration monitor and a setting determines the number of seconds allowed to pass from the time an infant stops breathing until an Apnea alarm sounds. A loose lead signal (under the legend L.L.) is located in the upper right corner of the front panel. A light is associated with the loose lead signal and an alarm will sound if poor contacts occur between the electrodes and the infant, if the electrode belt is too loose, if the electrodes are faulty, if the lead wires are faulty, or if poor contacts exist at the connections.
As shown in the drawing, the infant B is lying on a mattress M. The infant B is attached to the monitor 1 by means of two lead wires 4 and 5. Each of these wires emerge from a tunnel 9 in a belt 7 that is wrapped around the infant's chest. As shown in the Figure, the tunnel 9 ends in a port 15 from the which a wire emerges and another that is not shown in FIG. 1. Tunnel 9 preferably extends around the entire length of the belt 7 and one of the wires 4 emerges from one of the ports and the other wire 5 emerges from the other port. As shown, the belt 7 is wrapped so that the wires can emerge from a location adjacent the infant's back. The two ends of the belt 7 are joined together with a conventional hook and loop fastening device with one of the elements disposed on the outer side of the belt 7 and the other element of the fastener disposed on the inner side of the belt 7.
Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, the belt 7 is shown flat and with the inner and outer sides displayed. The belt 7, as is shown in the drawing, is longer than it is wide and has a fold 7a running along its entire length. Fold 7a is attached to belt 7 by stitches S to form the tunnel 9. The ends of fold 7a are not stitched to the belt 7 thereby forming the ports 15 and 17. Also, a central section 19 of the fold 7a forming tunnel 9 is not stitched to the belt 7 either. In this way, the tunnel 9 receives and houses the wires 4 and 5. Preferably, the ports 15 and 17 are wide enough to accommodate electrical connectors 21 and/or electrodes 23 so that either of these devices can be threaded through the tunnel 9. The electrodes 23 are passed through the port formed by central section 19 of the fold 7a so that they can be disposed on the infant's body.
A second fold 7b is stitched with stitches S' to belt 7 along its length. The stitches S' are extended over the ends of the belt 7 and a fastener pad 25 formed of the plastic loops is stitched to the second fold 7b. The second fold 7b gives strength to the belt 7. When an infant is being monitored using permanent electrodes, these devices are sold with fasteners formed of pads of hooks disposed on their backs (not shown) that can mate with the loop fastener pad 25 and be firmly attached thereto.
In FIG. 3 the reverse side of the belt 7 is shown. A fastener pad 29 is disposed at the left side of the belt 7 and will mate with the fastener pad 27 on the right to provide a snug fit of the belt around the infant so as to insure the contact of the electrodes to the infant's chest.
In the preferred embodiment, the belt 7 is designed of double faced quilted material, generally 50% cotton and 50% polyester for the infant's comfort. It is preferably 31/2 inches wide. The loop pad of the fastener 25 is 2 inches in width and 7 inches in length so that permanent electrodes with hook fasteners affixed to their backs will adhere to it. Having a loop pad on the second fold 7b is preferable since only soft fabric or the soft loops touch the infant's skin. The port in central section 19 is preferably about 2 inches in length so that the lead wires 4 and 5 can be pulled through the two inch opening. Preferably one lead wire 4 is used for the right side of the belt 7 and the other lead wire 5 is used for the left. The belt is 22 inches long and the hook and loop fastening pads 27 and 29 are 4 inches in length by 31/2 inches in width (which is the width of the belt itself so as to allow the belt to be enlarged easily to provide for adjustability).
Since the lead wires exit from the belt at the rear, an infant's tugging at the lead wires or loosening the wires with movement is markedly reduced, thereby reducing the number of "false alarms". Also since a fabric is used, it can be washed frequently without having it stretch out of shape or lose its stretch, as was the case with belts made of stretchable foam.
It is apparent that modifications and changes can be made within the spirit and scope of the present invention, but it my intention, however, only to be limited by the scope of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|2 Dec 1889
|1 Apr 1890
|William j
|19 Jul 1976
|7 Feb 1978
|Silva Jose R
|Brain wave signal sensor headband assembly
|7 Feb 1977
|4 Apr 1978
|Isis Medical Instruments
|Body contact electrode structure for deriving electrical signals due to physiological activity
|21 Jun 1976
|23 May 1978
|Yehuda Nathan
|Portable temperature and pulse monitor
|24 Sep 1980
|26 Apr 1983
|Wallant International Trade, Inc.
|Electrode placement device
|15 Sep 1988
|23 Jan 1990
|Marla Dolliver
|Apnea monitor belt
|A Handbook for Infant Monitoring, 1984, by Healthdyne Inc. and Terry Koepsell, p. 28.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|26 Aug 1994
|14 Nov 1995
|Brunswick Biomedical Corporation
|Twelve-lead portable heart monitor
|6 Aug 1998
|11 Jan 2000
|Meotronic, Inc.
|Ambulatory recorder having method of configuring size of data subject to loss in volatile memory
|6 Aug 1998
|20 Jun 2000
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Ambulatory recorder having control screen to present dual interface for dual users
|6 Aug 1998
|5 Sep 2000
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Ambulatory recorder having enhanced sampling technique
|6 Aug 1998
|12 Sep 2000
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Ambulatory recorder having splash resistant sensor ports
|6 Aug 1998
|3 Oct 2000
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Ambulatory recorder having volatile and non-volatile memories
|6 Aug 1998
|31 Oct 2000
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Ambulatory recorder having sliding period switches
|6 Aug 1998
|7 Nov 2000
|Medtronic Inc.
|Ambulatory data recorder having ergonomically shaped housing
|6 Aug 1998
|28 Nov 2000
|Medtronics Inc.
|Ambulatory recorder having a real time and non-real time processors
|6 Aug 1998
|13 Mar 2001
|Medtronic Inc.
|Ambulatory recorder having wireless data transfer with a multi-plane lens
|27 Jan 1999
|12 Jun 2001
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Ambulatory recorder having synchronized communication between two processors
|23 Jun 2000
|24 Sep 2002
|Ela Medical S.A.
|Holter-type apparatus for recording physiological signals indicative of cardiac activity
|5 Oct 2001
|7 Jan 2003
|Vought Aircraft Industries, Inc.
|Method and system for part measurement and verification
|4 Apr 2000
|17 Jun 2003
|Healthcare Technology Limited
|Heart activity detection apparatus
|21 Nov 2005
|24 Mar 2009
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Method and apparatus to detect and monitor the frequency of obstructive sleep apnea
|12 Feb 2009
|29 May 2012
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Method and apparatus to detect and monitor the frequency of obstructive sleep apnea
|13 Jan 2011
|1 Oct 2013
|Covidien Lp
|Electrode capable of attachment to a garment, system, and methods of manufacturing
|10 Jan 2011
|9 Sep 2014
|Bioguidance Llc
|System and method for patient monitoring
|29 Apr 2009
|21 Oct 2014
|Covidien Lp
|Electrode garment
|10 Jan 2011
|23 Dec 2014
|Bioguidance Llc
|Patient monitoring device
|26 Apr 2012
|21 Apr 2015
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Apparatus to monitor obstructive sleep apnea termination
|13 Sep 2010
|24 Oct 2017
|Arkray, Inc.
|Measuring apparatus and measurement method
|21 Nov 2005
|13 Apr 2006
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Method and apparatus to detect and monitor the frequency of obstructive sleep apnea
|12 Feb 2009
|20 Aug 2009
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Method and apparatus to detect and monitor the frequency of obstructive sleep apnea
|6 Mar 2008
|10 Sep 2009
|Chuck Rowe
|Biomedical electrode
|29 Apr 2009
|27 May 2010
|Tyco Healthcare Group Lp
|Electrode Garment
|13 Jan 2011
|2 Jun 2011
|Tyco Healthcare Group Lp
|Electrode Capable of Attachment to a Garment, System, and Methods of Manufacturing
|13 Sep 2010
|23 Aug 2012
|Arkray, Inc.
|Measuring apparatus and measurement method
|2 Apr 2003
|13 Nov 2003
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Implantable apnea monitor
|2 Apr 2003
|22 Jan 2004
|Medtronic Inc
|Implantable apnea monitor
|5 Jun 2007
|13 Dec 2007
|Raimo Snellman
|Apparatus for the measurement of breathing
|5 Jun 2007
|6 Mar 2008
|Raimo Snellman
|Apparatus for the measurement of breathing
|U.S. Classification
|600/390, 600/393, 600/513
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|10 Nov 1994
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|15 Dec 1998
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|23 May 1999
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|20 Jul 1999
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19990521


text:
You are very lucky readers today, because I have a stylish AND tasty giveaway going on.
Part One of this fun giveaway is courtesy of El's Gluten Free Snacks.
If you haven't tried El's Bagel Snaps or Medleys before, let me tell you, they are one of my favorite snack "treats". I say "treat" because, to be honest, the delicately seasoned blend of gluten-free bagel snaps, flax seed corn chips, pretzels, and more, is just a tad bit addictive, so I save them for special snacking occasions.
OR, I practice "Safe Snacking" by pairing a portion controlled serving of El's Gluten Free Snacks with some veggies and a little protein, such as Greek yogurt.
At any rate, I am happy to introduce to you to El's because they are a fun, and super tasty alternative for those of us who must snack gluten-free.
And, even if you aren't on a gluten-free diet, I'm sure you're going to love them too! {I had to hide the El's stash from my kids so I had some left over for my photos!}
Part Two of the giveaway is courtesy of moi 🙂
You see, I was browsing Anthropologie {one of my all time favorite stores} the other day,and ran across this super cute and stylish bowl.
And since I didn't think it would be very nice of me to set you up with some yummy new snacks to try, and not give you something to serve them in, I decided to to be uber generous and throw in the bowl.
BTW-If no one enters the giveaway I'm keeping it!
Here's how to enter…
El's Gluten-Free Snacks and Anthropologie Bowl Giveaway Details and Rules:
El's is giving 1 lucky winner 4 bags of El's Gluten Free Snacks {1 each of Original Medleys, Sour Cream and Onion Medleys, Cheddar Medleys, and Bagel Snaps}, and I am giving away 1 Anthropologie serving bowl to the same winner. You may enter up to six times-see below:
- Mandatory: Check out El's Kitchen website and leave a comment below letting me know what product you most want to try.
- Optional: Follow @elskitchen Twitter.
- Optional: Like El's Kitchen on Facebook.
- Optional: Follow me {The Spicy RD} on Pinterest.
- Optional: Like The Spicy RD on Facebook.
- Optional: Tweet the following: "I just entered the stylish and tasty @elskitchen giveaway @TheSpicyRD ! #GF #gfree #giveaway"
- Important! Please make sure to leave a separate comment below for each of the above actions.
- One winner will be chosen via random.org after 9 pm PST on Friday March 30th. The winner will be contacted via e-mail, and must respond back to me within 24 hours or another winner will be chosen. Open to US mailing addresses only please.
Disclosure: El's Kitchen sent me free samples of their Medleys and Snaps to try. This in no way influenced my review. All opinions are 100 % my own.
And, please remember to practice safe snacking!
Have you tried El's Snaps and Medley's before? What do you reserve for "special snacking occasions"? Do you practice "safe snacking"???
I LOVE hearing from you! Please click here to leave a comment or ask a question, or leave a suggestion. And, if you enjoyed the post, please share it below. Oh, and to make sure you don't miss any Spicy food, fun, and adventure, please submit your e-mail address below to be notified on my new posts, OR check out the top right hand side of my blog to get e-mail notifications of new posts via feedburner.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Copyright © University of Cambridge. All rights reserved.
'Pies' printed from http://nrich.maths.org/
Show menu
What are you trying to find out?
What do the two weights weigh altogether?
If you took the quarter pie off the scales, what could you do to the whole pie to make the scales balance?


text:
Freewave: Next generation license-free spread spectrum radio
New Freewave FGR2-PE combines serial and Ethernet wireless connectivity for smart grid applications such as distribution automation for long distance wireless data communications.
FreeWave Technologies, manufacturer of high-performance spread spectrum and licensed radios for critical data transmission, announced the new FGR2-PE on Feb. 16, a data radio ideal for smart grid and renewable energy, that offers industrial serial and Ethernet wireless connectivity using license-free spread spectrum for data communication over long distances. In addition, the FGR2-PE is well suited for similar SCADA applications in other vertical markets such as oil and gas or water and wastewater.
The FGR2-PE is compatible with other FreeWave FGR plus family radios and offers users a second, switched Ethernet port as well as two serial ports to meet the demands of customers' wireless automation requirements. The future-proof combination of two serial ports and two switched Ethernet ports offers customers the ability to transition from serial to Ethernet data communication without having to replace their wireless communication hardware down the road, or operate both serial and Ethernet communication independently and simultaneously on the same platform,. This cost-effective flexibility of the FGR2-PE product also reduces the need for additional hardware.
Matthias van Doorn, product manager Ethernet and licensed radio systems at FreeWave, said "Utility customers appreciate its industry-leading RF performance as well as the versatility and flexibility of the new FGR2-PE to support distribution automation, alternative energy applications like wind and solar power, and many other telemetry and SCADA applications within the smart grid."
Additional benefits of the FGR2-PE include:
• Improved noise rejection and other radio performance enhancements to help maintain reliable wireless serial or Ethernet communication even over long distances or in congested RF environments.
• An industrial-grade, small and rugged enclosure that offers mounting and installation versatility, including a DIN rail mounting option, with all connectors conveniently located on one side of the enclosure.
• Integrated security options (e.g. AES encryption) and proprietary spread spectrum technology so customers can rely on the FGR2-PE to provide secure wireless data communication links to operate mission-critical network functions.
Learn more about industrial wireless at www.controleng.com/wireless .
- Edited by Mark T. Hoske, editor in chief, Control Engineering , www.controleng.com.
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Annual Salary Survey
Before the calendar turned, 2016 already had the makings of a pivotal year for manufacturing, and for the world.
There were the big events for the year, including the United States as Partner Country at Hannover Messe in April and the 2016 International Manufacturing Technology Show in Chicago in September. There's also the matter of the U.S. presidential elections in November, which promise to shape policy in manufacturing for years to come.
But the year started with global economic turmoil, as a slowdown in Chinese manufacturing triggered a worldwide stock hiccup that sent values plummeting. The continued plunge in world oil prices has resulted in a slowdown in exploration and, by extension, the manufacture of exploration equipment.
Read more: 2015 Salary Survey


text:
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text:
NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING Notice is hereby given of a public hearing by the Planning and Zoning Board to be held at 2:00 P.M., Tuesday, October 5, 2004, in The Alcazar Room, City Hall, St. Augustine, Florida, at which time comments are invited on the following: APPLICATION FOR A MINOR AMENDMENT TO A PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT to allow owner to transfer a small corner of the property to adjacent owner ON PROPERTY LOCATED at City St. Augustine, Block 46-A, all Lots 15 & 16 and W of Lot 1 KNOWN AS 92 Cedar Street(aka 90 & 94 Cedar St and 11 M.L. King). APPLICANT'S NAME: Leanna S. A. Freeman Flagler College, Inc. SUBMITTED BY: Pam Halterman Recording Secretary City of St. Augustine L2302-4 Sept 24, 2004
Posted from 24-Sep-04 to 24-Sep-04
© 2017. All Rights Reserved. Contact Us


text:
MOTORISTS are being warned that they will face months of traffic misery as a busy Southampton bridge will be closed for six months starting on Monday.
Central Bridge will be closed for 24 weeks for repairs after Southampton City Council secured Government cash to carry them out.
Without the work, say council transport chiefs, the 130-year-old bridge is likely to deteriorate.
The bridge which is next to the Itchen Bridge and Terminus Terrace, will have work carried out by Balfour Beatty to replace a failing waterproof layer.
The repairs will cost nearly £1.7m.


text:
Senate Democratic Conference Pushes for Equitable Disbursement of Aid
After Senate Republicans Ignore Hundreds of School Districts the Senate Democratic Conference Proposes Legislation to Provide $25 Million in Aid to Schools Throughout all of New York State
(Albany, NY) – Senator Neil D. Breslin (D – Delmar) and his Senate Democratic Conference colleagues today brought a resolution to the Senate floor to provide $5 million in aid to schools.
Last Tuesday, late in the evening, the Republican Majority brought a resolution to the floor that provided almost $10 million to school districts only in Republican districts, without giving Democratic Senators an opportunity to read it before calling for a vote. "All students need the best possible education, not just those in Republican districts," explained Senator Breslin.
The funds for today's resolution are available from last year's budget, but were not included in the $10 million package provided to schools only in Republican-represented districts. "All schools throughout the Capital District and New York State, not simply those represented by Republican Senators, are in need of additional funds during these difficult times," explained Senator Breslin.
Senator Breslin also sponsored legislation (S. 6450a) today that passed the Senate to benefit the Guilderland Public Library. The Guilderland Public Library are hoping to expand and renovate the library and add additional space for their children and teens. They would also like to add a Local History Center that would allow their residents to research local and family history as well as providing additional space for their very successful and well attended public programs. "This legislation will help enhance the organization's ability to meet its goals," stated Breslin.


text:
Limavady mayor to lead first day of reflection
Limavady is to follow in the footsteps of Londonderry by holding its first cross-community Day of Reflection, in memory of victims of conflict.
Sinn Fein mayor John Felix McElhinney, who lost two uncles during World War Two, said he will lead the service on Sunday.
The revelation has prompted a former mayor of the borough to encourage more nationalists to attend the official November 11 remembrance commemorations.
In December 2004, Sinn Fein mayor of Derry Gerry O'hEara sparked controversy by setting up a civic event in Derry to remember all victims of conflict, including paramilitaries.
Councillor McElhinney today said he "implored" people from the borough to get involved.
"As first citizen, I implore everyone to take a moment of reflection on Sunday in respect of the poor souls who lost their life in conflict, be it on this land or foreign soil," he said.
"I lost two uncles myself in the Second World War and many good friends and decent neighbours during the Troubles."
The mayor will plant a tree in memory of all victims of conflict outside the Roe Valley Country Park centre at 12 noon on Sunday after a prayer service and choral recitation from local churches.
"During my time as mayor I have offered a hand of friendship to all," he said. "Not only to my decent unionist neighbours, but also to those who previously would not have given me the time of day just because I am a life-long member of Sinn Fein.
"I am delighted to tell you that on every occasion I have reached out I received as warm and as friendly a handshake in return as the one offered."
However, former Ulster Unionist mayor Jack Rankin said it was a pity that people in the borough felt they could not attend the traditional Armistice Day commemoration.
"I am happy to attend the November 11 event every year to pay homage to the fallen in all conflicts," he said.
"It is just a pity that all people feel that they cannot attend. It should be a shared, cross-community experience and this year Father Collins, a local priest, even led part of the service."


text:
The increasingly complex worlds of health care, higher education, and the profession of nursing all intersect at our College of Nursing. Nurses play a major role in health care delivery and will play an even greater role as American health care changes. Spartan Nurses will make dynamic contributions to twenty-first century health care.
Our ultimate distinction is our body of 6,000 alumni. Throughout the world, Spartan Nurses are improving outcomes in chronic illness, healthy lifestyles, and the health and well-being of individuals and their families. We have a competitive nursing research culture. Across all ranks, our faculty receive support for their research from five different NIH Institutes. Our current scientific and interdisciplinary research strengths are in:
Among these research areas are chronic diseases, which cause 81 percent of hospital admissions, 91 percent of all prescriptions, and 76 percent of visits to health care providers.
College of Nursing seeks to raise $14.0 million in the Empower Extraordinary campaign. We will achieve this goal with a mix of endowment and annual funds.
To date we have raised $14.2 million, but more private support is needed to achieve our full potential and propel this great university forward.
Eric Sturdy, Jr.
Director of Development & Alumni Relations
(517) 432-1187
To address the health care needs of the aging population, and the influx of patients that have access to care issues, endowed scholarships, fellowships, and program support are essential.
To strengthen the discovery of new knowledge, we need endowed chairs and professorships to recruit and retain faculty who have strong research track records. To grow researchers of the future we need fellowship funding for PhD students—who often come to us bearing debt from their undergraduate years.
To elevate the number of baccalaureate prepared nurses to 80 percent by 2020 as recommended by the IOM, endowed scholarships are necessary to help support the education of future Spartan Nurses. To gain new global perspectives, endowed scholarships will support international service learning and research. To ensure that our faculty continues to implement innovative teaching methods, endowed funds for technology and simulation are needed.
To help economically and educationally disadvantaged students pursue a nursing education, endowed and expendable support is essential to ignite the possibility of higher education in urban communities and build a diverse nursing workforce.


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As they search for ways to cut the University System of Georgia's budget by almost $600 million for the upcoming fiscal year - the $265 million in cuts proposed in Gov. Sonny Perdue's spending plan, plus an additional $300 million to help the state government cope with declining tax revenues in a still-sour economy - legislators are beginning to insist that the system's highest-paid administrators put some skin in the game.
After getting a look at the latest proposals from the university system's 35 institutions, state Sen. Seth Harp, R-Midland, chair of the Senate Higher Education Committee, was insistent that "cutting salaries of high-paid employees" should be a higher priority at those schools.
It's a fair point. The University of Georgia, for instance, proposes to meet its $60 million share of the latest round of requested cuts in part by releasing all non-contract instructional faculty, a move that would force a 1,500-student reduction in the incoming student body in the upcoming school year. At the same time, administrative changes at UGA would be limited largely to consolidating six senior administrative positions into three positions.
On the other hand, even a 10 percent salary cut for all positions at UGA paying more than $100,000 would produce just $3.73 million in savings of state-appropriated funding, according to the university's budget office.
And there's another point to be made here as well. If legislators - as it seems is or will be the case - are going to insist that top-level administrators take a pay cut, and also are willing to at least consider a UGA plan that would eliminate a total of 1,418 positions at the state's flagship institution of higher education, it seems only fair that they, too, should put some skin in the game.
Here's how that might work:
Currently, the state's 236 legislators are paid $17,341 annually, which translates to $47.51 per day, not counting the $173 per diem they're allowed while engaged in legislative business throughout the year. Of course, lawmakers are taking 11 furlough days in this fiscal year, and assuming they'll do the same in the fiscal year starting July 1, their compensation drops to $16,818 annually. Still, even factoring in furloughs, the total annual compensation for members of the Georgia General Assembly is $3,969,048.
A 10 percent pay cut for legislators, thus, would save the state $396,904.80. Obviously, that wouldn't do much to put a dent in the sacrifices that lawmakers are seeking from the university system. But there's another way to look at those dollars.
According to its Web site, the University of Georgia estimates the total cost of nine-month attendance for the current school year at $18,000, broken down this way: $7,530 for tuition and fees; $4,524 for on-campus boarding; $3,522 for a seven-day meal plan; $960 for books and supplies, and $1,464 in living expenses. Under that price structure, a 10 percent legislative cut would free up enough state dollars to send 22 kids to UGA for a year.
And, even if current talk of a tuition hike of as much as 77 percent comes into play for the upcoming school year, bringing the estimated tab for a year at UGA to $23,721, a 10 percent pay cut for legislators would pay that bill for 17 students.
Breaking the numbers down a different way, forgoing 10 percent of their pay would allow legislators to offer a $2,205 scholarship to a student in each of the state's 180 House districts, or a $7,088 scholarship to a student in each of the state's 56 Senate districts. Alternatively, each legislator could hand a check for $1,681.80 to each of 236 students around the state.
And who knows? In taking such a lead-by-example stance, legislators might prompt any number of higher-education administrators to make a similar sacrifice.
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text:
Lot of 10 Hamilton Peanut Pals / Elephant Figurines
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- Sold Date:
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These are a lot of 10 elephant figurines from Hamilton. All but three are Peanut Pals-the one that aren't are "Just Splashin' Duck from Waterful Ways & Elephant Days-it is in excellent shape & comes with certificate. "Back Splash" & "Clean Fun" are the other two-I am guessing that these are also from Waterful Ways but don't know. The seven Peanut Pals include:All Aboard (with certificate) Cinderella Having a Ball Singing in the Rain Trick or Treat Spring is Sprung Back to School
All are good condition with the possibility of All Aboard-I thought he was just fine but on really close examination, t are a few little whitish areas on the rim around his trunk and very tip of the bell on the locomotive. These might be very tiny paint rubs or flakes. The areas are so tiny it is hard to tell for sure.We accept check, money order or Paypal payment from all U.S. bidders - new bidders may combine for up to five days, previous customers are welcome to combine for up to 30 days. Non U.S. bidders please make payment through Paypal only.


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Kaboom is your daily start- and end point of your discovery tour through Maastricht and its surroundings. A home... Plus d'info »
Stayokay Maastricht opened its doors in 2007 and is beautifully located along the river the Maas, in the center of... Plus d'info »
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It's been a busy couple of days for USA programming announcement. Yesterday, the cable channel announced dates (some specific, some rough) for when several new and returning series would be airing in fall and winter. And today, USA announced the renewal of "Covert Affairs" for a second season.
"Covert Affairs," starring Piper Perabo as a rookie CIA agent, Christopher Gorham as a blind data analyst, Kari Matchett as their boss and Peter Gallagher as her husband and colleague, debuted on July 13. It has been a strong performer in the advertiser-coveted 18-49 year-old demographic, this week hitting a series high with 2.34 million in that demo and 5.4 million viewers overall.
Season one will wrap in mid-September. (While USA splits the seasons of its veteran series, it usually runs the first years of shows straight through.)


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My sister Helen and I adopted our dogs, Spike and Drusilla, a brother and sister Golden Retriever/Corgi mix from a rescue group in Ohio. We drove from NJ to OH the day after Christmas to get them when they were two months old. We registered them in puppy classes (more to train us than them) and our trainers thought they would make great therapy dogs since they are Corgi size with Golden temperaments. Two years later, we have registered therapy dogs that visit the elderly several times a month.
I just saw a picture making its way around Facebook of a dog sitting in a man's lap that says, "This is my human. There are many like him, but this one is mine." Spike and Drusilla would say that we are theirs!


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GEN-MEDIEVAL-L ArchivesArchiver > GEN-MEDIEVAL > 2004-04 > 1080874320
From: "Kevan Barton" <>
Subject: Gascoigne/Mowbray - Children William and Margaret
Date: Thu, 1 Apr 2004 21:52:06 -0500
I'm throwing this out to the SGM folks in the hopes that someone may have
additional light, but I still lean to the proposition that Margaret was the
daughter of William Gascoigne by Elizabeth Mowbray. I hope the following
helps. By the way, I hit the family through William, Agnes, and Margaret.
The Question: William Gascoigne, the Chief Justice, had two wives, 1)
Elizabeth Mowbray, and 2) Joan Pickering. The issue is whether Margaret
Gascoigne who married Robert Hansard was the daughter of Elizabeth, or Joan.
I don't have the Bodine msg handy you note, but I think in referencing
William's will he states, "wherein he names his wife Joan, brothers
Nicholas, Richard, and John, but names only his eldest son and heir,
For Joan's will, he states' "wherein she makes bequests to Robert Constable,
and to my doughter his wife, to her sons Sir Christofer, James, Robert, and
Richard, and to Margaret."
I don't have a copy of the wills to see if anything else tumbles out.
Elizabeth Mowbray was dead c 1396 (1) . William's will is dated 15 Dec
1419. That's a 23 year spread and he certainly had his additional children
by then, but the fact that he does not mention Margaret means really nothing
as he didn't mention Joan's children either. Joan's will claims the
daughter (Agnes and, interestingly, Agnes' husband) and the sons Christofer,
James, Robert and Richard, but the language does not claim Margaret as hers.
Now here's the real kicker. Margaret had her son Richard Hansard in c1377.
His age being estimated as 18 in 1395 (7 Skirlaw)(2). If this is correct,
then Margaret could not have been the daughter of Joan Pickering, but of
Elizabeth Mowbray.
1. Moriarty, "Mowbray of Kirklington", (NEHGR vol. 120, p. 174)
2. Robert Surtees [ITAL:]The History and Antiquties of the County Palatine
of Durham[:ITAL], III (Wakefield, Yorkshire: EP Publishing in Collaboration
with Durham Co. Library, 1972)<, [CD]>.
This thread:
|Gascoigne/Mowbray - Children William and Margaret by "Kevan Barton" <>


text:
atlanta atlanta /æt ˈlæn tə/
- (n) state capital and largest city of Georgia; chief commercial center of the southeastern United States; was plundered and burned by Sherman's army during the American Civil War
- (n) a siege in which Federal troops under Sherman cut off the railroads supplying the city and then burned it; 1864
Atlanta residents sue city over rundown propertiesSome Atlanta residents hope legal action will help clean up some of the eyesores in their neighborhood after years of dealing with code enforcement.on June 14, 2013 Source: CBS 46 News Atlanta
Atlanta Plumbing Service Providers Ridgeway Mechanical Now Offering Free Expert Advice Related to PlumbingRidgeway Mechanical, Atlanta's favorite plumbing contractors since decades, is now offering free of cost telephonic consultation service. Ridgeway Mechanical has been providing specialized leak detection, ...on June 14, 2013 Source: Marketwired via Yahoo! Finance
Atlanta police arrest two men in May shooting death of East Point manAtlanta police arrested two men Wednesday for the shooting death of a man last month in southwest Atlanta.on June 13, 2013 Source: Atlanta Journal-Constitution
Wiki Images for atlanta
- "Today was a day of decision," Petrino said. "It was difficult on one side, very easy on the other. It was difficult to leave Atlanta, the staff, players, fans. The timing of it was probably the thing that made it most difficult. Coming to...on Jan 21, 2007 By: Bobby Petrino Source: 940 News
- "It's a little bittersweet," Teixeira said of the trade. "I really enjoyed my time [in Atlanta]. I had a great year. I love this team. I love this organization, this city. It's tough to leave, but at the same time I have a great opportunity...on Jul 29, 2008 By: Mark Teixeira Source: Sports Network
- "Also, this situation affects everyone -- our club, our players and associates, our sponsors, our fans and the Atlanta community among them -- so we must consider all our customers in making any decisions," Blank said in a statement.on Jul 19, 2007 By: Arthur Blank Source: Bloomberg
Word of the Day
repudiate repudiate
/ri ˈpju di ˌeɪt /
/ri ˈpju di ˌeɪt /


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Utah Valley hung with No. 20 North Dakota State for the first half of its regular season finale on Friday night in the PE Building, but in the end the ranked Bison were too much for the Wolverines. NDSU (8-4, 2-0 WWC) ended up taking the contest by a score of 33-11 over UVU (5-7, 1-1 WWC), as it won seven of the 10 bouts on the evening including four by fall.
"I knew that the upper five weights were going to be tough for us," UVU head coach Greg Williams said. "Despite the loss, I felt that we wrestled well and I know that we are two pretty evenly matched teams. If we would have won a couple of the matches that we should have as well as had our heavyweight tonight, then I feel that we would've won."
Following a pin by North Dakota State in the opening bout of the evening, 133-pound sophomore Chasen Tolbert got the Wolverines going with a 10-4 decision over Justin LaValle. Tolbert took a 5-2 lead in the first period thanks to an escape, a takedown and a two-point nearfall. Tolbert held the lead from there as he took the match by six points.
Senior 141-pounder Avery Garner then gave Utah Valley its first lead of the contest at 7-6, with a 10-1 major decision over NDSU's Clay Cathey on Senior Night. The reigning WWC Wrestler of the Week Garner picked up a takedown and a three-point nearfall in the opening period to jump out to a 5-0 advantage. After a scoreless second frame, Garner then secured the major in the final period with two takedowns and a riding time point.
Tyler Diamond then managed to pull out a 7-2 decision over UVU 149-pounder Trevor Willson to give North Dakota State a 9-7 advantage. Sophomore Chase Cuthbertson (157 pounds) immediately responded for the Wolverines, however, with a 16-7 major decision over Nick Olejnik to give Utah Valley an 11-9 lead. Cuthbertson allowed only escapes to Olejnik as he dominated the contest over the Bison freshman.
Steven Monk, who is ranked third in the nation at 165 pounds, then started a Bison rally with a second-period fall over Logan Addis. The rally continued through the final four matches of the dual meet, as NDSU managed to win them all.
At 174 and 184 pounds, Utah Valley had a chance to win both matches as senior Monte Schmalhaus (174) and junior Ethan Smith (184) hung tight with their respective ranked counterparts from North Dakota State. But in the end, Schmalhaus couldn't secure a late takedown against No. 13 Hayden Zillmer and Smith couldn't manage to escape the hold of No. 20 Kurtis Julson as they dropped their bouts by respective scores of 9-4 and 2-0.
With Utah Valley still alive in the contest trailing 21-11 with two matches to go, Tyler Lehmann (197) and Evan Knutson (heavyweight) put the dual away for the Bison with two more pins.
"There are some things that we need to get better at so that we can win these types of matches and we'll work specifically on these things in practice tomorrow (Saturday)," Williams said. "What really matters is the conference tournament, and we're hoping to have some of these things corrected by then."
Of the three matches that UVU won in the contest, two were for bonus points as both Garner and Cuthbertson managed to win their bouts via major decision.
A trio of fifth-year seniors in Garner, Schmalhaus and Curtis Abner Cook (165 pounds) were honored prior to the dual meet for their stellar careers at UVU.
The Wolverines will conclude their regular season next week with three more WWC duals on the road. UVU will head to Colorado and Wyoming to take on Northern Colorado on Wednesday, Air Force on Friday and Wyoming on Saturday. Utah Valley will then return home to host the 2014 NCAA West Regional/WWC Championships at the UCCU Center on March 8.
No. 20 North Dakota State 33, Utah Valley 11
125: Hunter Weber (NDSU) Fall No. 17 Jade Rauser (UVU), 3:52Comment on this story
133: Chasen Tolbert (UVU) Dec. Justin LaValle (NDSU), 10-4
141: Avery Garner (UVU) MD Clay Cathey (NDSU), 10-1
149: Tyler Diamond (NDSU) Dec. Trevor Willson (UVU), 7-2
157: Chase Cuthbertson (UVU) MD Nick Olejnik (NDSU), 16-7
165: No. 3 Steven Monk (NDSU) Fall Logan Addis (UVU), 4:27
174: No. 13 Hayden Zillmer (NDSU) Dec. Monte Schmalhaus (UVU), 9-4
184: No. 20 Kurtis Julson (NDSU) Dec. Ethan Smith (UVU), 2-0
197: Tyler Lehmann (NDSU) Fall Derek Thomas (UVU), 4:10
285: Evan Knutson (NDSU) Fall Richard Larsen (UVU), 2:55
James Warnick is an assistant sports information director at Utah Valley University. For more information about Wolverine athletics, visit www.WolverineGreen.com.


text: Interesting, he sent me today copy of error messages that he got from PI4TUE. Here we go : "This is the mail system at host mailhost.tue.nl. I'm sorry to have to inform you that your message could not be delivered to one or more recipients. It's attached below. For further assistance, please send mail to postmaster. If you do so, please include this problem report. You can delete your own text from the attached returned message. The mail system <sp8dxz@xxxxxxx>: host mx.poczta.onet.pl[188.8.131.52] said: 554 5.7.1 <sp8dxz@xxxxxxx>: Recipient address rejected: Spf check: fail (in reply to RCPT TO command)" so from what I can say, spam filter rejected that email. is that correct?? Robert KB2PNM


text:
Related quotes
"For everything you have missed, you have gained something else, and for everything you gain, you lose something else."
"We can never judge the lives of others, because each person knows only their own pain and renunciation. It's one thing to feel that you are on the right path, but it's another to think that yours is the only path."
"In a negotiation, we must find a solution that pleases everyone, because no one accepts that they MUST lose and that the other MUST win… Both MUST win! -Nabil N. Jamal"


text:
BRADENTON -- Scout-master Carlos Mendez remembers fondly his first overnighter at Camp Flying Eagle with son Antonio, who was then a third-grader and new Cub Scout excited to see what it was all about.
"I think that was Antonio's first attempt at holding a marshmallow in a campfire," said Mendez, whose son is now 15 and one step away from becoming an Eagle Scout. "Parents just watched their kids' eyes light up."
Mendez has since incinerated marshmallows with hundreds of boys on outings to the venerable 165-acre preserve east of Bradenton. Now he fears that future generations of local Scouts might miss out on camping and hiking along the Manatee River.
Development has begun to gobble up rural land around Camp Flying Eagle, and some district Scout leaders think they should sell to a home builder offering millions for the prime property.
When the possible sale of the land arose last year, a Manatee County Scout booster club went to court to stop it, filing a lawsuit against the Southwest Florida Boy Scout Council and sparking the sort of impassioned community conflict that has emerged in other places around the country where progress has threatened beloved Scout camps.
"You have a lot of people whose roots run pretty deep here, and there is a lot of sentiment in the community to preserve things and keep them how they've always been," said Kevin Hennessy, the attorney for the Southwest Florida Boy Scout Council. "There are a lot of other institutions running into that issue."
However, Hennessy said, the council is fighting the lawsuit to protect its right to make property decisions based on what's best for its future.
Gregg Shields, spokesman for the national council of the Boy Scouts of America based in Irving, Texas, said the more than 300 local councils around the country are independent and make their own decisions about property.
"The needs change," Shields said. "Sometimes Scout camps that were once outside of town are swallowed up by sprawl, or they are no longer conveniently located."
The fight over what to do with the property underscores a growing problem for Boy Scout camps.
In Beaumont, Texas, a financially strapped local council sold off one of its two camps in 2001. In Mahwah, N.J., in 2002, the Trust for Public Lands stepped in to rescue the 750-acre Camp Glen Gray from development. Other situations have arisen in Arizona, Michigan and Washington.
The sale of Camp Flying Eagle has been talked about before. But the lawsuit from the Manatee County Boys Development Association came last fall after an official from the Southwest Florida Council -- based 90 miles down the coast in Fort Myers -- began sale discussions with a Virginia home builder that would eventually offer more than $13 million.
The Manatee County Boys Development Association, which bought the land in 1929, claimed in the lawsuit that it deeded the property to the local Scout council in 1991 with the agreement that it never be sold. While written proof of that stipulation is included in meeting minutes, it wasn't written into the deed.
When the financially struggling local Boy Scouts council merged with the Southwest Florida Council in Fort Myers in 1995, Camp Flying Eagle came with it. Southwest Florida Council leaders now say that with such big offers being thrown around, it only makes sense to listen, especially since Camp Flying Eagle is in need of millions in improvements.
Mendez said that with so many other activities competing for boys' attention, the loss of Camp Flying Eagle would deal a major blow to Scouting in the region.
"I can't see any way that Scouting the way we know will still be here," said the 50-year-old Mendez, a pediatrician who also serves as the camp physician. "If you stay active, that's what attracts the kids."
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text:
US services restored after Irene
Transportation was getting back to normal in most eastern states in the wake of Hurricane Irene, although some US towns still grappled with flooding and many homes remained without electricity.
At least 46 people were reported killed by the storm, which blew through the Caribbean and up the US east coast before hitting Canada.
In New York City, where people had braced for a disaster-movie scene of water swirling around skyscrapers, the subways and buses were up and running again in time for the Monday morning commute.
By Tuesday morning, a majority of passengers on the hard-hit Long Island railway and Metro-North railway were able to get on to trains to the centre of the city, although some Long Island communities were still without services because of flooded tracks.
To the north, landlocked Vermont contended with what its governor called the worst flooding in a century.
In many cases, the moment of maximum danger arrived well after the storm had passed, as rainwater made its way into rivers and streams and turned them into torrents. Irene dumped up to 11 inches of rain on Vermont and more than 13 inches in parts of New York.
Some Amtrak services in the north-east were limited or suspended, and airlines said it would be days before the thousands of passengers stranded by Irene find their way home.
The death toll for 11 eastern US states rose to at least 40 as bodies were pulled from floodwaters and people were struck by falling trees or electrocuted by downed power lines.
A driver was missing after a road collapsed and swallowed two cars about 62 miles north-east of Montreal. Irene also killed at least five people in the Dominican Republic and Haiti and one woman in Puerto Rico.
Early estimates put Irene's damage at 7-10 billion dollars (£4.2-6bn), much smaller than the impact of monster storms such as Hurricane Katrina, which did more than 100 billion dollars in damage.


text:
|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|28 Oct 2008
|Fecha de presentación
|28 Jun 2005
|Fecha de prioridad
|28 Jun 2005
|También publicado como
|Número de publicación
|Kevin Shea
|Cesionario original
|Micron Technology, Inc.
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (62), Otras citas (19), Citada por (6), Clasificaciones (22), Eventos legales (5)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
This application relates generally to semiconductor devices and device fabrication and, more particularly, to etching polysilicon layers without a separate oxide decapping procedure.
The semiconductor device industry has a market driven need to reduce the size of devices such as transistors, capacitors and electrically conductive interconnects in order to produce smaller integrated circuit devices (ICs). Smaller ICs result in improved operational speed and clock rate, and reduced power requirements in both the standby and operational modes. Smaller ICs need thinner dielectric layers, thinner diffusion layers and more closely spaced conductive interconnect layers, such as doped polycrystalline silicon (poly). Producing these closely spaced (finer pitch) poly lines requires improved poly etching techniques. Micro electro-mechanical (MEM) devices may use etched poly patterns as a portion of the device. Reducing the size of MEM devices increases their utility and decreases their price and power consumption in many cases.
It is known to improve poly pitch by use of plasma etch techniques to increase the slope of the etched poly sidewall to approaching 90 degrees, and to reduce the amount of sideways etching that occurs under the edge of the photo resist mask. However, plasma etch processes are slow, require substantial expensive equipment, and may have problems with what may be known as etch selectivity ratios. The etch selectivity ratio is the rate of etching of a first material divided by the rate of etch of a second material. A high etch selectivity of a material layer being etched over the underlying layer is important in IC and MEM manufacture, since it allows increased margin for timed etches by providing what may be called an etch stop. The increasingly small and reliable integrated circuits (ICs) devices will likely be used in products such as processor chips, mobile telephones, and memory devices such as dynamic random access memories (DRAMs).
Thus there exists a need in the art for a simple, inexpensive and uniform poly etch method that has both a high poly etch rate (to decrease manufacturing cost), and high etch selectivity of poly over the underlying single crystal silicon, doped oxide, or other material layers. It is known to etch poly layers using wet chemical etch tanks. Wet etching is simple and inexpensive, but there is an issue with the etch uniformity, both in terms of across the single wafer variations, and in lot to lot variations over time. One reason for this lack of uniformity in poly etching relates to the fact that if a poly layer is exposed to the oxygen in the air, which may be hard to avoid, the surface atoms of the poly oxidize to form what may be called a native oxide. Such a native oxide may be from 10 to 20 Angstroms (Å) in thickness, and the oxide may grow in a few hours. Wet chemical etches that have high poly etch rates and high etch selectivity over underlying oxides may be non uniform since the etching of the poly can not begin until the native oxide, which may be call a cap oxide, is etched (or decapped). Since the thickness of the oxide cap is a variable that depends at least in part on how long the poly layer has been exposed, and the storage conditions, then the amount of time it takes to decap the poly layer before etching begins may result in non-uniform etching.
It is known to place the wafers having the poly layer to be etched in a decapping solution, such as a hydrofluoric acid (HF) bath, prior to placing the wafers in a poly etch bath. However, the wafers must be washed in deionized water (DI water) and dried prior to going into the poly etch bath, and such a washing procedure may cause sufficient native oxide to regrow to again inhibit the initiation of the poly etch. Further, the variations in the amount of time that pass between the end of the decap process and the beginning of the poly etch may again result in lot to lot variations in the amount of poly etched. Yet further, the need to have two different wet chemical baths and the increase in production time and cost make this solution less than optimal. There may also be an operator safety issue in having an acid bath in the same general vicinity as the typically caustic poly etch bath, since acids and bases should not be mixed without safety precautions.
The above-mentioned issues are addressed by the present invention and will be understood by reading and studying the following specification. A method of etching a polysilicon layer consists essentially of adding a spike of an ammonium hydroxide solution to a bath of tetra methyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution, and then immersing the substrate with the polysilicon layer in the solution. In an embodiment, the substrate is immersed in the ammonium hydroxide and TMAH solution within one hour of when the ammonium hydroxide spike was added. The substrate is removed after the preselected etch time period, and the substrate is washed to remove the ammonium hydroxide and TMAH etching solution from the substrate, and the substrate is dried. The ammonium hydroxide and TMAH solution provides a rapid decap and polysilicon etch rate in a temperature range of approximately 60° C. to 90° C. It is possible to increase the etch rate by use of a pressure cooker type arrangement that allows the temperature of the TMAH to be raised to above the boiling point of the solution. The etch process may also be preformed on a spin vacuum chuck with either pressure spray dispense nozzles, carrier gas mist dispense nozzles, or with low pressure stream flow dispense nozzles. The TMAH concentration has a broad manufacturing tolerance and may vary between 2.5% and 25% in deionized (DI) water, but a preferred concentration is 12.5% to account for both dilution due to repeated spikes of ammonium hydroxide solution, and to account for evaporation during the course of the life of the etch bath. One method of controlling the life of the etch bath is to maintain the pH of the solution at a greater value than 13. The ammonium hydroxide solution used as the spike concentration is preferably approximately 35% in water, and the volume of the spike may vary from as low as 0.2% to as much as 2% of the total volume of the etch bath.
The decapping etch rate of the native silicon oxide layer on the top surface of the polysilicon layer may be greater than 800 Angstroms per minute. The etch rate of the polysilicon layer is approximately 4000 Angstroms per minute with the etch rate of the underlying oxide layer less than 20 Angstroms per minute.
These and other aspects, embodiments, advantages, and features will become apparent from the following description and the referenced drawings.
The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings that show, by way of illustration, specific aspects and embodiments in which the present invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the present invention. Other embodiments may be utilized and structural, logical, and electrical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The various embodiments are not necessarily mutually exclusive, as some embodiments can be combined with one or more other embodiments to form new embodiments.
The terms wafer and substrate used in the following description include any structure having an exposed surface with which to form an integrated circuit (IC) structure or a micro electro-mechanical (MEM) structure. The term substrate is understood to include semiconductor wafers. The term substrate is also used to refer to semiconductor structures during processing, and may include other layers that have been fabricated thereupon. Both wafer and substrate include doped and undoped semiconductors, epitaxial semiconductor layers supported by a base semiconductor or insulator, as well as other semiconductor structures well known to one skilled in the art. The term conductor is understood to generally include n-type and p-type semiconductors and the term insulator or dielectric is defined to include any material that is less electrically conductive than the materials referred to as conductors or as semiconductors.
The term "horizontal" as used in this application is defined as a plane parallel to the conventional plane or surface of a wafer or substrate, regardless of the orientation of the wafer or substrate. The term "vertical" refers to a direction perpendicular to the horizontal as defined above. Prepositions, such as "on", "side" (as in "sidewall"), "higher", "lower", "over" and "under" are defined with respect to the conventional plane or surface being on the top surface of the wafer or substrate, regardless of the orientation of the wafer or substrate. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
The wafer 110 either remains stationary, or spins at a predetermined speed or program of spin speeds, while an etch mixture is dispensed from dispense fixture 112, illustratively shown as a shower head drip system. The subject matter is not so limited, and the fixture 112 may be a simple open tube nozzle, a high pressure atomizer (using purge gas 114 to break the etchant into tiny droplets), a linear array of drip nozzles, or other liquid dispense methods. The dispense fixture 112 receives materials such as a purge gas 114 through control valve 116, or deionized water (DI water) 118 through valve 120, or tetra methyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) 122 through valve 124, or ammonium hydroxide 126 through valve 128, or mixtures thereof, via pipe 130.
The etchants may be stored and dispensed in their final solution concentrations, or they may be mixed in pipe 130. As an illustrative example, the TMAH 122 may be in the form of 100% TMAH and the valve 124 may be opened sufficiently to provide a 10% mixture of TMAH mixed with 90% DI water 118 through valve 120. Alternatively, the TMAH 122 may be stored in the form of a 10% solution and dispensed through valve 124 directly through pipe 130 and dispense fixture 112 onto the substrate 110 without any mixing with any of the other stored materials 114, 118 or 126.
In an embodiment, the TMAH is provided as a 12.5% solution in DI water, and is mixed with 35% ammonium hydroxide during an initial decap etch stage prior to the main poly etch cycle. The TMAH storage 122 has a thermocouple and heater element to maintain a TMAH temperature of 90° C. The substrate 110 may be spun slowly during the initial oxide decap etch, or it may be held stationary in a puddle etch.
The polysilicon layer 420 may have what may be known as a native oxide layer 424 that may form in varying thicknesses due to exposure of the polysilicon layer 420 to the oxygen or moisture in the air during the time period after the polysilicon deposition, during the patterning process, and before the poly etch process. Removing this native oxide, also known as an oxide cap, may be known as a decapping process. A patterned photoresist layer 422 is formed on those portions of the polysilicon layer 420 that are desired to remain after the poly etch process.
A number of patterned and etched poly lines are shown with an orientation that is into and out of the plane of the figure. The poly lines such as 412 may be used to make an electrical contact to the diffused region 404 through the TiN layer 410, and may also make contact with an overlaying layer of metal, such as aluminum. The TiN layer may be used in the contact recess 408 to prevent aluminum to silicon alloy spikes, or to prevent impurity contamination from reaching the sensitive electrical region at the diffusion to substrate boundary. Since the poly line 412 may be unintentionally (or intentionally) not completely covering the bottom of the contact recess 408, it may be important to have a poly etch process that has a large poly to TiN etch ratio, so that the TiN may act as an etch stop. In a similar fashion, the poly lines 414 on the top of the dielectric layer 406 should have a etch process that has a large poly to oxide etch ratio, so as to not unnecessarily thin the protective dielectric layer 406.
Structures such as shown in
The use of an integrated decapping and polysilicon etch in a single etch bath has cost and time of manufacture benefits over etch systems that use separate etch baths for the decap etch versus the poly etch. Typically, a dilute hydrofluoric acid (HF) is used to remove the cap oxide, since HF solutions may be buffered to provide an etch rate that is consistent over a fairly long time period. After the HF decapping etch, the substrates must be washed and dried because of safety concerns with acids in general, and that acids and basic solutions such as TMAH have exothermic reactions when mixed. Thus, the poly etch process requires two different and typically incompatible etch baths that should not be located near each other due to safety concerns. This increases the cost and the amount of fabrication area needed for the etch process, and causes increased safety concern and chemical disposal problems. In addition, the time to etch the poly has increased, which also increases manufacturing cost.
Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that any arrangement that is calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of embodiments of the present invention, including TiN layers with graded compositions. It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive, and that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Combinations of the above embodiments and other embodiments will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon studying the above description. The scope of the present invention includes any other applications in which embodiments of the above structures and fabrication methods are used. The scope of the embodiments of the present invention should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
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|Micron Technology, Inc.
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|Clasificación de EE.UU.
|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
|Clasificación europea
|28 Jun 2005
Owner name: MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC., IDAHO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SHEA, KEVIN;REEL/FRAME:016742/0888
Effective date: 20050624
|11 Abr 2012
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|10 Jun 2016
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|28 Oct 2016
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|20 Dic 2016
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20161028


text:
Picked up a Remedy 9 29er last weekend and finally manged to get out on the local trails. The trails are kinda fast and jumpy with some rocky sections, with tennis to rugby ball sized rocks.
First off, this is a very nimble bike, easy to launch off drops and jumps, (nothing too big, just 2-3ft, after all it was the first shakedown ride) carries speed really well through rocky sections and corners like it on rails, this really does motor along at fair speed and just keeps going. And climbing was excellent, the only thing I noticed was when it got steep the front end did tend to lift, but the back never seemed to loose traction, especially on the rocky climbs where you are just waiting for the back wheel to spin out.
Had no trouble with switchbacks either which I thought may have been an issue. So after the first ride, I'm impressed, gotta tweak a couple of things to get the set up right, as its all stock at the moment, but going to give it a bit more of a thrashing next ride.
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New Delhi, June 4 (IANS) Prime Minister Narendra Modi's proposed visit to Israel amounts to abandoning New Delhi's long-standing support for an independent Palestinian state, the CPI-M said on Thursday.
An editorial in the CPI-M mouthpiece "People's Democracy" said Modi's visit would also give an official stamp to the existing "close strategic relationship" between the two countries.
External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj has announced that Modi will go to Israel at a mutually agreed date. This will be the first time an Indian prime minister visits Israel.
"The significance of such a visit would be that the close strategic relationship existing between the two countries will be given an official stamp," the editorial said.
Then deputy prime minister L.K. Advani had visited Israel in 2000. India established full diplomatic relations with Israel in 1992.
The Communist Party of India-Marxist pointed out that the current Israeli government of Benjamin Netanyahu was "dominated by rightwing and Jewish extremist parties.
"Modi will be visiting Israel when the Netanyahu government is aggressively going ahead with nullifying any possibility of a political settlement with the Palestinian leadership…
"While formally maintaining India's long-standing position of support to the cause of the Palestinian people, the Modi government is now openly working to undermine this stand…
"The initiative to put Indo-Israel ties on a new footing is in line with the overall foreign policy direction of the Modi government which is to entangle India fully in the geo-political strategy of the US…
"(The visit) will signal the abandonment of India's steadfast commitment to an independent Palestinian state."


text:
BAGRAM, Afghanistan -- Four suspected Arab terrorists broke out of a US military detention facility in Afghanistan yesterday, fleeing through barbed wire stockades in the first escape from the compound since the American military took over the former Soviet airbase.
Also yesterday, rescuers reported finding the body of a US Navy SEAL, the last to be accounted for from a four-man special forces unit that disappeared after a June 28 ambush in the rugged mountains in the east of the country.
US and Afghan forces launched a manhunt for the suspects, identified as Arabs from Syria, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Libya. US soldiers set up roadblocks, and helicopters clattered low over villages near the heavily guarded base north of the capital, Kabul.
Bagram is in a wide plain at the foot of the Hindu Kush mountains, and much of the area around the base remains mined from Afghanistan's civil war and Soviet occupation. The base is surrounded by barbed wire fences and is intensely guarded by US troops. All visitors are checked several times by US military guards.
The escapes were another setback for the US military as it struggles with insurgent fighting that has left more than 700 people dead in three months and has threatened to sabotage three years of progress toward peace. During the weekend, 22 Afghan soldiers were killed, including 10 who were beheaded.
The discovery of the body of the Navy SEAL in Kunar province Sunday ended a desperate search for the final unaccounted member of the special forces team. One of the four was rescued July 3, and two were found dead the next day.
US military spokesman Colonel James Yonts said the commando had died in fighting soon after the ambush, and he denied claims by a purported Taliban spokesman that the SEAL was captured alive and beheaded.
''There have been claims of being beheaded," he said. ''There was no indication supporting the claims. . . . This individual was never in custody, he was never defamed or disgraced."
Yonts said the commando's body was found near the site where a US helicopter that was bringing reinforcements crashed in Korangal Valley in a rugged ''area that we had looked over before. But where his body was located was hard to find."


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UFC on Fox 10: Josh Thomson Says Current Training Camp 'Quite Possibly My Worst'January 19, 2014
Honesty may not always be the best option. At least that may hold true if Josh Thomson loses his lightweight tilt with former UFC lightweight champion Benson Henderson at UFC on Fox 10.
Thomson recently gave some details to MMA Junkie about his current training camp in the lead-up to the Henderson bout. Spoilers: It's not good.
Falling into focus, falling out of focus, falling back into focus. This has quite possibly my worst camp ever in my whole career, but before people want to criticize and say I'm looking for a way out, you've got to remember, I said the same thing about the first time I fought Gilbert Melendez. That was the worst camp I had up until this time.
If you'll recall, Roy Nelson recently said the same thing about his bout with Daniel "DC" Cormier. Nelson then went on to look absolutely terrible against Cormier.
Although the talent gap may not be as large as the one between Cormier and Nelson, nobody would want to have a bad camp in preparing to fight the second-best lightweight on the planet.
Yet that's where Thomson finds himself heading into Chicago.
Thomson has had durability issues (in regards to injuries) in the past but is in prime position to reach a UFC title shot with only two fights in his Octagon return. He also has the reassurance of training with one of the best camps and groups of coaches at American Kickboxing Academy.
If Thomson wins, you can bet the UFC public relations machine will go into full overdrive in showing Thomson as a guy who overcame the odds. If Thomson loses, fans will be quick to point out the fact Thomson was already "making excuses" prior to the fight.
Even if it turns out to be Thomson making an excuse, I like that a fighter is being open and honest with fans. It's a nice change from the politically correct mundane responses we've become accustomed to.
Despite the fact it's not good for a fighter in terms of PR, I hope more competitors are just as honest in the future.


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Gameloft has really been milking the first game it will release based on the Unreal Engine. It all started with a teaser, but we now have a teaser trailer for Wild Blood. Wild Blood doesn't have a release date, but it's coming "soon" to iOS and Android.
Even after watching the teaser, there are still a lot of questions to be answered. Wild Blood looks like it'll be large in scope. It's possible we're looking at a MMO, but that's just speculation. Gameloft buried a clue about Wild Blood's story in the trailer which will be revealed as the trailer gets more views.
Dig through the trailer yourself and see if you can uncover something.


text:
Our Advisory Board
Affinity's 10th year celebration in 2011 also marks the formation of the Affinity Intercultural Foundation's Advisory Board. The advisory board will serve to assist Affinity in its outreach program. The advisory board offers a wealth of experience as it comprises highly respected personalities within society. Mehmet Saral said "Affinity has become a strong brand in the civil society and will look to make the leap into playing a more focal role in the discourse of society's issues and problems. The advisory board will not only counsel Affinity on new initiatives but will also serve to promote the message of social harmony within society. We believe we have a strong line up and we look forward to working with them and our friends for a brighter future".
The advisory board members consist of the following people (in alphabetical order) :


text:
From a great past into a successful future
30 years of WEIMA's WL 4 single-shaft shredder
There is no better place to celebrate the anniversary of a shredding icon than the world's leading wood trade show. At LIGNA 2015, WEIMA's booth focuses on history. In addition to old favorites such as the WL 4's predecessor R 300, in its original version from 1985, and the indestructible TH 50 briquette press dated 1992, we will also be showcasing the future of shredding and briquetting technology. We will be presenting the new TH 828 briquette press to the public for the very first time. We can tell you this much: specialist visitors can look forward to a machine highlight with an extraordinarily efficient throughput.
If you spot a red machine in carpenters' workshops or large timber-processing production halls in today's day and age, it is most probably made by WEIMA. However, it has not always been like this. Up to almost exactly 30 years ago, the machines were traditionally all painted green.
The times are changing. Rotor and cutting technology has been further optimized and adapted to the conditions dominating the industry and trade. What remains strong is WEIMA's demand to develop robust shredding machines for the timber industry with high material throughput. The results of our demands culminate in the WL 1500 single-shaft shredder, which we are showcasing at the trade show booth. It boasts many clever, technical features, such as the hydraulically lowering filter basket for fast access to rotor and filter. Just like its sister models WL 800, WL 1000, and WL 2000, the machine is equipped ex works with a logspacer hopper to prevent the formation of material build-up with particularly large processing parts. The machine is also equipped with a segmented floor. As a result, the ram pressing the wood against the moving rotor operates with considerably higher precision. Depending on the application, the WL 1500 can be equipped with a solid V or F rotor. While the rotor diameter of the WL 800 totals 252mm, WL 1000, 1500, and 2000 shredders feature rotor diameters of 368mm.
What makes the new WEIMA TH 828 briquette press stand out? Quite simply, its high throughput of up to 500 kg per hour brings about vast benefits, particularly in terms of its industrial use. Thanks to dual material supply, timber waste of all types can be pressed to form round, highly compressed briquettes (80mm in diameter), without having to use adhesive agents or any other types of binding agents. Additional equipment features include the high-performance pressing mechanism with low-wear, chrome-plated tongs and a specially hardened compression chamber wear bushing. The extra-large hopper, measuring 1400 x 1400 mm, provides a high material capacity to significantly increase the buffer volume.
WEIMA also scores high marks at this year's LIGNA with its product variety. The shredding specialist from South-West Germany (Baden-Württemberg) rounds off its trade fair appearance with the most recent generation of the WLH Tiger 400, including a vibration chute for supply. In most cases, horizontal single-shaft shredders are used to dispose of long timber waste directly next to the timber processing machine. The supply unit is controlled depending on the output and it is supported by input rollers to supply the rotors with material. If the shredder's power consumption increases, the machine automatically deactivates the supply and only continues once already shredded material has been processed. The chip size is defined by a filter basket located around the rotor.
Visit hall 11, stand D43 to see all these and many more WEIMA highlights.
About WEIMA
The WEIMA Group has been building shredding machines for a wide range of applications with customers in the plastic, wood and recycling industry from all over the world. The WEIMA Group has about 170 employees around the world with sales locations in Europe, North and South America and Asia. The production range includes single-shaft shredders, four-shaft shredders, cutting mills, briquette presses and systems including accessories.
WEIMA Maschinenbau GmbH
Thorsten Blumenau, Marketing
Bustadt 6-10
74360 Ilsfeld (Germany)
Tel. +49 - (0) 70 62 - 95 70-0
Fax +49 - (0) 70 62 - 95 70-92