text:
|Numéro de publication
|Type de publication
|Numéro de demande
|Date de publication
|7 oct. 2008
|Date de dépôt
|13 janv. 2003
|Date de priorité
|13 juin 1997
|État de paiement des frais
|Autre référence de publication
|Numéro de publication
|Robert A. Cordery, Leon A. Pintsov
|Cessionnaire d'origine
|Pitney Bowes Inc.
|Exporter la citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citations de brevets (50), Citations hors brevets (5), Référencé par (7), Classifications (59), Événements juridiques (2)
|Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet
This is a continuation application of application Ser. No. 09/242,208, filed on May 21, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,526,391, which is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/049,518, filed Jun. 13, 1997, now abandoned.
The present invention relates generally to a postage metering system and method for evidencing postage payment in an open system and, more particularly, to a postage metering system and method for evidencing postage payment in a virtual meter configuration.
The present application is related to U.S. patent applications Ser. Nos. 09/242,210 and 09/242,209; and U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,466,921; 6,546,377; and 6,567,794, all being assigned to the assignee of the present invention, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Postage metering systems have been developed which employ encrypted information that is printed on a mailpiece as part of an indicium evidencing postage payment. The encrypted information includes a postage value for the mailpiece combined with other postal data that relate to the mailpiece and the postage meter printing the indicium. The encrypted information, typically referred to as a digital token or a digital signature, authenticates and protects the integrity of information, including the postage value, imprinted on the mailpiece for later verification of postage payment. Since the digital token incorporates encrypted information relating to the evidencing of postage payment, altering the printed information in an indicium is detectable by standard verification procedures. Examples of systems that generate and print such indicium are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,725,718, 4,757,537, 4,775,246 and 4,873,645, each assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
Presently, there are two postage metering device types: a closed system and an open system. In a closed system, the system functionality is solely dedicated to metering activity. Examples of closed system metering devices, also referred to as postage evidencing devices, include conventional digital and analog (mechanical and electronic) postage meters wherein a dedicated printer is securely coupled to a metering or accounting function. In a closed system, typically the printer is securely coupled and dedicated to the meter, and printing evidence of postage cannot take place without accounting for the evidence of postage. In an open system, the printer is not dedicated to the metering activity, freeing system functionality for multiple and diverse uses in addition to the metering activity. Examples of open system metering devices include personal computer (PC) based devices with single/multi-tasking operating systems, multi-user applications and digital printers. An open system metering device is a postage evidencing device with a non-dedicated printer that is not securely coupled to a secure accounting module. An open system indicium printed by the non-dedicated printer is made secure by including addressee information in the encrypted evidence of postage printed on the mailpiece for subsequent verification. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,725,718 and 4,831,555, each assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
The United States Postal Service ("USPS") has proposed an Information-Based Indicia Program ("IBIP"), which is a distributed trusted system to retrofit and augment existing postage meters using new evidence of postage payment known as information-based indicia. The program relies on digital signature techniques to produce for each envelope an indicium whose origin can be authenticated and content cannot be modified. IBIP is expected to support new methods of applying postage in addition to the current approach, which typically relies on a postage meter to print indicia on mailpieces. IBIP requires printing a large, high density, two-dimensional ("2-D") bar code on a mailpiece. The 2-D bar code encodes information and is signed with a digital signature.
The USPS has published draft specifications for IBIP. The INFORMATION BASED INDICIA PROGRAM (IBIP) INDICIUM SPECIFICATION, dated Jun. 13, 1996, and revised Jul. 23, 1997, ("IBIP Indicium Specification") defines the proposed requirements for a new indicium that will be applied to mail being created using IBIP. The INFORMATION BASED INDICIA PROGRAM POSTAL SECURITY DEVICE SPECIFICATION, dated Jun. 13, 1996, and revised Jul. 23, 1997, ("IBIP PSD Specification") defines the proposed requirements for a Postal Security Device ("PSD"), which is a secure processor-based accounting device that dispenses and accounts for postal value stored therein to support the creation of a new "information based" postage postmark or indicium that will be applied to mail being processed using IBIP. The INFORMATION BASED INDICIA PROGRAM HOST SYSTEM SPECIFICATION, dated Oct. 9, 1996, defines the proposed requirements for a host system element of IBIP ("IBIP Host Specification"). IBIP includes interfacing user, postal and vendor infrastructures which are the system elements of the program. The INFORMATION BASED INDICIA PROGRAM KEY MANAGEMENT PLAN SPECIFICATION, dated Apr. 25, 1997, defines the generation, distribution, use and replacement of the cryptographic keys used by the USPS product/service provider and PSDs ("IBIP KMS Specification"). The specifications are collectively referred to herein as the "IBIP Specifications".
The IBIP Specifications define a stand-alone open metering system, referred to herein as a PC Meter comprising a PSD coupled to a personal computer ("PC") which operates as a host system with a printer coupled thereto ("Host PC"). The Host PC runs the metering application software and associated libraries (collectively referred to herein as "Host Applications") and communicates with one or more attached PSDs. The PC Meter can only access PSDs coupled to the Host PC. There is no remote PSD access for the PC Meter.
The PC Meter processes transactions for dispensing postage, registration and refill on the Host PC. Processing is performed locally between the Host PC and the PSD coupled thereto. Connections to a Data Center, for example for registration and refill transactions, are made locally from the Host PC through a local or network modem/internet connection. Accounting for debits and credits to the PSD is also performed locally, logging the transactions on the Host PC. The Host PC may accommodate more than one PSD, for example supporting one PSD per serial port. Several applications programs running on the Host PC, such as a word processor or an envelope designer, may access the Host Applications.
The IBIP Specifications do not address an IBIP open metering system on a network environment. However, the specifications do not prohibit such a network-based system. Generally, in a network environment a network Server controls remote printing requested by a Client PC on the network. Of course, the Client PC controls any local printing.
One version of a network metering system, referred to herein as a "virtual meter", has many Host PCs without any PSDs coupled thereto. The Host PCs run Host Applications, but all PSD functions are performed on Server(s) located at a Data Center. The PSD functions at the Data Center may be performed in a secure device attached to a computer at the Data Center, or may be performed in the Data Center computer itself. The Host PCs must connect with the Data Center to process transactions such as postage dispensing, meter registration, or meter refills. Transactions are requested by the Host PC and sent to the Data Center for remote processing. The transactions are processed centrally at the Data Center and the results are returned to the Host PC. Accounting for funds and transaction processing are centralized at the Data Center. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,454,038 and 4,873,645, which are assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
The virtual meter does not conform to all the current requirements of the IBIP Specifications. In particular, the IBIP Specifications do not permit PSD functions to be performed at the Data Center. However, it is understood that a virtual meter configuration with each user's PSD located at the Data Center may provide an equivalent level of security as required by the IBIP Specifications.
In conventional closed system mechanical and electronic postage meters a secure link is required between printing and accounting functions. For postage meters configured with printing and accounting functions performed in a single, secure box, the integrity of the secure box is monitored by periodic inspections of the meters. More recently, digital printing postage meters typically include a digital printer coupled to a metering (accounting) device, which is referred to herein as a postal security device (PSD). Digital printing postage meters have removed the need for physical inspection by cryptographically securing the link between the accounting and printing mechanisms. In essence, new digital printing postage meters create a secure point to point communication link between the PSD and print head. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,802,218, issued to Christopher B. Wright et al. and now assigned to the assignee of the present invention. An example of a digital printing postage meter with secure print head communication is the Personal Post Office™ manufactured by Pitney Bowes Inc. of Stamford, Conn.
In U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,873,645 and 5,454,3,038, a virtual metering system and method are disclosed wherein the postal accounting and token generation occur at a data center remote from the postage evidencing printer. Although the Data Center may be a secure facility, there remain certain inherent security issues since the accounting and token generation functions do not occur in a secure device local to the postage printer. The virtual postage metering system includes a computer coupled to an unsecured printer and to a remote data metering system. The postal accounting and the token generation occur at the Data Center.
Heretofore, for conventional postage meters, limiting physical access to a postage meter controlled use of the postage meter. It is known that a password system further controls use of the postage meter by requiring a user to enter an authorized password to activate the postage meter. With the advent of open metering systems, such as PC, network and virtual postage metering systems, limiting physical access is no longer an effective control. Although the metering device, such as the PSD, may be located remote from users, the users can dispense postage from their desks using their personal computers. Although password control provides some control, passwords are susceptible to being compromised whereby unauthorized dispensing of postage is likely.
It has been found that postage meter users, i.e. mailers, can effectively control postage disbursement by restricting the printing of postage evidencing with predetermined combinations of parameters required for the computation of authentication digital tokens. In doing so, the present invention minimizes unauthorized use of a postage meter and limits financial exposure of the owners of the virtual postage metering system accounts.
It has further been found that the present invention provides a method for customizing authorized use of a postage metering system whereby different users of the postage metering system may have different levels of authorized use. A further benefit of the present invention is that use of the postage metering system can be customized so that certain types or numbers of postage dispensing occur on defined days.
In accordance with the present invention, a postage metering system is programmed with postage parameter vectors each defining a set of parameters that must be present for the postage metering system to dispense postage. For each requested transaction, if any parameter of a postage parameter vector is out of range or missing, virtual postage metering system is disabled for the requested transaction.
In accordance with the present invention, a method for controlling a postage metering system defines a first set of postage parameters associated with the generation of postage evidence in a postage metering system and then initializes the postage metering system with a subset of the first set of postage parameters. The subset defines a combination of the postage parameters for which the generation of postage evidence is not authorized. When a request for postage evidence is received, the request includes a second set of postage parameters. The generation of postage evidence is inhibited when at least one of the postage parameters in the second set matches one of the postage parameters in the first set. When none of the postage parameters in the second set matches any of the postage parameters in the first set the requested postage evidence is generated. In an alternate method the subset defines a combination of the postage parameters for which the generation of postage evidence is authorized, and the requested postage evidence is generated when each of the postage parameters in the first set matches one of the postage parameters in the second set. The generation of postage evidence is inhibited when one the postage parameters in the first set does not match any of the postage parameters in the second set.
The above and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout, and in which:
The present invention is described as part of a virtual postage metering system. However, the present invention is suitable for use in any open or closed postage metering system in which a user can define postage parameter vectors. For example, the present invention is suitable for use in a PC metering system, such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,625,694, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
In describing the present invention, reference is made to the drawings, wherein there is seen in
The accounting method for virtual postage metering system 10 may be a conventional prepayment or post-payment system. The preferred method is a prepayment method wherein each mailer is required to put a minimum amount of money into the mailer's virtual meter account. As account funds drop below a specific level a refill is charged against the mailer's account. An alternate accounting method that is suitable for a virtual postage metering system is a real-time payment method in which the amount of a transaction is charged to a mailer's credit card account when the transaction occurs. This method is referred to herein as a "trickle charge" postage payment, because the mailer does not pay for postage for a mailpiece until the mailer is ready to print the mailpiece.
In the virtual postage metering system, a "meter" vendor, such as Pitney Bowes Inc., provides the mailer with client software that runs on PC 20, e.g., the client software may be downloaded from the vendor's Internet server. Alternatively, the client software may be Internet browser-based pages that provide mailer interactions with the Data Center 30. The meter vendor also manages Data Center 30. The client software initiates communications with Data Center 30 which performs metering transactions to evidence postage for single mailpieces or batches of mailpieces. In the preferred embodiment, the client software establishes a connection to the Data Center, and requests postage by providing postal information relating to the requested transactions, such as postage amount, addressee information and (optionally) the origin of deposit for each mailpiece. Data Center 30 receives the postal information, determines the origin ZIP for the mailpiece(s), performs accounting functions and generates an encrypted evidence of postage payment, such as a token or digital signature, and sends indicium information including the token, to PC 20. PC 20 receives the indicium information, creates an indicium bitmap, which can be displayed on a PC monitor (not shown) and printed on the mailpiece by printer 22. PC 20 then disconnects from Data Center 30 or requests another transaction. The connection between PC 20 and Data Center 30 may be through a Network Service Provider, such as on the Internet, or by direct dial using the PC's modem.
Virtual postage metering system 10 eliminates the need to maintain and account for traditional metering devices at each mailer's site and provides flexibility for handling requests from multiple origins of deposit by each mailer. Virtual postage metering system 10 also provides value added services that are not available with conventional meter devices, such as, real-time address hygiene, direct marketing services and trickle charge postage payment. Virtual postage metering system 10 provides mailer authentication by Data Center 30 to identify mailers with valid accounts. When a mailer has been authenticated for each request, for example, by a username, password or other conventional methods, Data Center 30 services the request, and returns indicium information to the PC 20 where the indicium is created and printed on the mailpiece.
Referring again to
A mailer may establish a meter account through an on-line sign-up process with Data Center 30. During sign-up, the mailer enters, at PC 20, account information, such as user name, password and method of payment. Any registration fees can be charged at this time. Data Center 30, preferably administered by a meter vendor, such as Pitney Bowes Inc., arranges all meter licenses and agreements between its mailers and the Post.
In the present invention, the PSD does not exist, i.e., there is no metering device coupled to the PC from which postage payment is requested. Virtual postage metering system 10 replaces the accounting and metering functions of the PSD with metering software and mailer account information performed and updated at Data Center 30. The virtual postage metering system 10 provides each mailer with a metering system that has the capability of originating transactions from multiple origins of deposit. See, for example, previously noted U.S. Pat. No. 6,546,377.
Various methods can be used to determine the origin of deposit for a requested transaction. For example, a method for determining origin zip code using a caller ID from a telephone call is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,943,658, assigned to the assignee of the present invention, which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference.
In accordance with the present invention, one or more cryptographic modules, referred to herein as secure "boxes", are located within Data Center 30 and are used to perform cryptographic processes. Each secure box is a secure, tamper-evident and tamper-responding device, including a processor and memory, that stores encryption keys and performs cryptographic operations using the keys within the secure boundary of the device. Data Center 30 includes several types of secure boxes, which are described below. In the preferred embodiment, Data Center 30 includes multiple boxes of each type for redundancy and performance.
Key Management System 38 includes a manufacturing box (not shown) that provides top-level keys used to generate random numbers for seeding each of the other secure boxes. By sharing cryptographic keys (secret and/or public), the secure boxes communicate securely within Data Center 30. Key Management System 38 also includes a "steel" box (not shown) that shares a common key with meter box 44 to encrypt/decrypt master token keys for postage evidencing transactions for each meter account. The steel box merges a vendor key and a postal key into one record in cipher text. For each meter account, Data Center 30 creates a logical meter, i.e. a meter record, in Database Server 36 by generating a token key using the vendor and postal keys, initializing meter registers (ascending and descending), meter freshness data (described below) and other postal information as part of the meter record, and then storing the meter record in Database Server 36.
Data Center 30 also includes a meter box 44 that shares a secret key with the steel box for decrypting the token key encrypted in the meter record. Meter box 44 also holds the key used for digital signature of transaction records. The only other information stored in meter box 44 is freshness data for each meter record processed by meter box 44. For each postage transaction, meter box 44 generates at least one digital token or signs the postage transaction, and updates the meter record corresponding to the transaction. Each meter record in Database Server 36 includes postal funds as well as the token keys in cipher text. Meter box 44 uses the token keys to generate tokens, updates the postal funds in the meter record, and signs the updated meter record. In this manner, meter box 44 performs and controls the secure accounting for each transaction. Meter box 44 can also be used to verify the token or the transaction signature for verification of the postage evidencing for the transaction.
Data Center 30 also includes an authentication box 40 that shares a different secret key with the steel box to decrypt a mailer authentication key stored in cipher text in Database Server 36. Authentication box 40 also executes the authentication algorithms using the decrypted authentication key to authenticate a mailer.
Finally, Data Center 30 includes an transaction box 42 that shares another secret key with the steel box to sign mailer transaction records other than the meter records signed by meter box 44, such as logins and login history records. Transaction box 42 later verifies the transaction record signature when the next transaction is requested.
Referring now to
In operation, Communication Server 32 receives a request for a meter transaction from mailer PC 20. The application software in the Function Server 34 controls the processing of the transaction request. Function Server 34 accesses mailer database 62 and meter database 60 to obtain records, including the appropriate meter record 64, corresponding to the meter account of the mailer initiating the request. Function Server 34 communicates mailer records from mailer database 62 to authentication box 40, which then authenticates the mailer requesting the transaction. Once the mailer has been authenticated, Function Server 34 communicates the appropriate meter record 64 to meter box 44, which verifies a signature and freshness data for the record. Meter box 44 decrypts the encrypted key(s) that are stored within meter record 64, performs accounting functions on the ascending and descending registers in meter record 64, and uses the key(s) to generate a token for the requested transaction. Meter box 44 then generates data for an indicium, and again signs meter record 64. The updated and signed record is then sent back to Database Server 36 where it is stored as part of meter database 60.
At Data Center 30, the authentication keys are not available in plain text, but must be distributed to the mailer. Conventional methods of distributing and updating the authentication key for each mailer can be used. See, for example, previously noted U.S. Pat. No. 5,812,666, which describes a key management system for distributing and updating cryptographic keys to the secure boxes and the mailer's PC.
Postage metering systems equipped with digital printing utilize several parameters for printing a digital Indicium. Referring now to
In virtual postage metering system 10, mail generator module 100 resides in PC 20 and the rating, accounting and encryption modules reside at Data Center 30. The encryption module 130 resides in meter box 44, and the accounting module 120 resides in part in meter box 44 (AR, DR and piece count) and in Database Server 36 (accounting functions). The rating module 110 preferably resides in Database Server 36, however, the rating module may reside in PC 20. In a PC metering system, the accounting and encryption modules would reside in the PSD and the mail generator and rating modules would reside in the Host PC.
The following process is described for a postage evidencing transaction for a single mailpiece. It will be understood that the process may also be used for postage evidencing transactions for a batch of mailpieces.
The process begins with mail generator module 100 initiating a request for postage. Prior to this request for postage, a user has selected (for each mailpiece) a mailing address from the address list and entered or defaulted to various rate parameters for a mailpiece. The rating module 110 receives the request with the rate parameters, calculates postage amount and requests postage evidencing. It is noted that the user may enter a postage amount, which could be one of the rate parameters in which case, the rating module would defer to the entered postage amount. The accounting module 120 approves the request for postage evidencing, subtracts the postage amount from the descending register, adds the postage amount to the ascending register and increments the piece count. Once the accounting has been completed, the encryption process is enabled. The encryption module 130 performs the encryption function using the postal and vendor keys, origin ZIP received from mail generator module), meter ID, AR and DR and piece count (collectively referred to as postal data). The encryption function, which is a cryptographic transformation computation that utilizes, for example, a secret key to produce digital tokens/signatures, provides one or more digital tokens or digital signatures of the previously noted postal data. The postal data and digital tokens/signatures are collectively referred to herein as indicium data. The mail generator receives the indicium data, optionally verifies that sufficient postage has been paid and prints the indicium.
In accordance with the present invention, several parameters must be entered into the system before the indicium can be printed. The parameters define conditions and user entries that restrict postage from being dispensed and printed. For example, the following parameters are typically needed to generate a digital indicium.
In accordance with the present invention, a set of parameters P1, P2, . . . Pn can be described in combination as postage parameters vectors (PPV), which are used to effectively restrict printing of the indicium:
PPV=(P1, P2, P3, . . . Pn).
Under the direction of a mailer's representative responsible for the postage metering system, such as a system administrator, the postage metering system is instructed not to print if vector PPV belongs to a predefined subset of the overall set of possible values for PPV. For example, if parameters P1 to Pn belong to sets
P1∈(P1 min, P1 max,), P2∈(P2 min, P2 max,), . . . Pn∈(Pn min, Pn max,)
(where ∈ is the symbol indicates inclusion in a set) then the Cartesian product
((P1 min, P1 max,)×(P2 min, P2 max,)× . . . ×(Pn min, Pn max,)
(where P1 min, P1 max are minimal and maximal values of the parameter P1) represents the set T of all possible values for the vector PPV, i.e. PPV ∈ T.
In accordance with the present invention, the mailer defines a "forbidden zone", i.e., a subset of T, such that values that belong to this subset cannot be used to print postage. The subset of T can be formally defined as follows. For each parameter Pi there can be a subset F1 of its range (P1 min, P1 max) where the mailer does not allow printing, for example,
F1∈(P1 min, P1 max).
F1 may be 0 or any subset of (P1 min, P1 max). Then the Cartesian product
F1×F2× . . . ×Fn∈T
represents the set of parameters where printing and accounting for postage is not allowed. In mathematical terms, (F1×F2× . . . ×Fn) defines a domain in multi-dimensional space. The present invention checks if a set of parameters is within or outside this domain.
Referring now to
At step 200, a postage parameter vector is generated for a given mailpiece based on parameters selected or entered by a user. At step 210, the postage metering system determines if the postage parameter vector includes any of the set of parameters for which printing and accounting for postage is not allowed by checking the following condition:
PPV⊂F1×F2× . . . ×Fn.
If the condition is satisfied, then, at step 220, the accounting and printing processes are inhibited. A message indicating that further processing has been inhibited is provided to the user. If the condition is not satisfied at step 210, then, at step 230, the accounting and printing processes are completed.
In an alternate embodiment of the present invention, (F1×F2× . . . ×Fn) represents the set of parameters required for printing and accounting for postage to occur. In the alternate embodiment, the postage metering system determines if the postage parameter vector includes the set of required parameters by checking the following condition:
PPV∈F1×F2× . . . ×Fn.
If the condition is satisfied, then the accounting and printing processes are completed. If the condition is not satisfied, then the accounting and printing processes are inhibited and a message indicating that further processing has been inhibited is provided to the user.
For each meter account, there may be sets of allowed PPV's and domains (F1, F2, . . . Fn). In a mathematical sense, the present invention checks for a direct product of the sets, i.e., checks if any element of F1, any element of F2 etc., is present in each PPV. The result will be a vector that will only be valid if all the PPV elements belong to the sets. If no element in the PPVs belongs to, for example, F1, then the vector will not be valid, i.e., the set of parameters will be outside the domain defined in multi-dimensional space. If the vector is within the domain the postage metering system proceeds with postage generation.
For example, if P2>1 oz and P6=06484 or 06485, the postage metering system is blocked by the following set of not allowed parameters:
F 2={1 oz+}
F 1, F 3, . . . F n=(P 1 min, P 1 max) (P 3 min, P 3 max) . . . (P n min, P n max) without additional restrictions.
The present invention provides a party that is financially responsible for a postage metering system full control over access and use of the postage metering system. A postage metering system that is accessible by multiple users is subject to users intentionally or inadvertently misusing the postage metering system. For example, a company employee may use the postage metering system for personal use, or a disgruntled employee may overpay postage for mailed items. In accordance with the present invention, defining the postal rating parameters with only rates allowed by postal regulations and by the party that is financially responsible for the postage metering system, prevents such misuse whether intentional or inadvertent. Additionally, the system administrator may add additional parameters such as destination ZIP and origin ZIP to provide further control. Furthermore, a postage metering system having multiple users may have separate PPV's defined for each user. The PPV's are accessible only by the system administrator. This ensures that operators do not know which parameters are being checked.
For example, a PPV can be defined with a parameter of ZIP 06484 that can be posted only on Fridays, which may be the date of billing. Additionally, the rating parameters may prevent posting of an operator entry of $3.20 instead of $0.32. Using piece count as a parameter allows the system administrator to control the volume of mail on a daily, weekly or monthly basis. The system administrator can update the PPV's as needed, for example, on a daily basis. When the postage metering system determines for a particular transaction that a PPV does not check out, the system provides a message back to the user to contact the system administrator.
The present invention is particularly useful for virtual postage metering systems and network metering systems because typically there is no control over the physical access of the metering system.
The present invention is also suitable for use with closed metering systems. Although there are less parameters that can be defined for a closed metering system, the present invention can be used to check for parameters that are available in a closed metering system. Closed system parameters include rating parameters, lockout dates, postage value and even user password. For example, a user may be allowed access only on certain days.
When the postal service updates its regulations or postal rates, the PPV's may be updated automatically. For example, if the postal service provides such updates on the Internet, the updates can be downloaded directly to the postage metering system to update PPV's. For virtual postage metering systems and network metering systems, the system can automatically log onto the appropriate postal service web page to update parameters associated with discounts for particular mailing on a particular day.
It will be understood that, although the embodiments of the present invention are described as postage metering systems, the present invention is applicable to any value metering system that includes transaction evidencing, such as monetary transactions, item transactions and information transactions.
While the present invention has been disclosed and described with reference to embodiments thereof, it will be apparent, as noted above, that variations and modifications, such as using public keys instead of private keys, may be made therein. It is, thus, intended in the following claims to cover each variation and modification that falls within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.
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|Classification aux États-Unis
|705/401, 705/60
|Classification internationale
|Classification coopérative
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|3 avr. 2012
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Year of fee payment: 8


text:
Brett Favre doled out praise for the Cowboys defense liberally on Wednesday but his comments about Mike Jenkins, Dallas's second-year cornerback out of South Florida, made a particularly warm-and-fuzzy impression on, as Favre refers to him, no. 21.
Jenkins has found his stride this season, so to speak, after a rookie season that he characterized this summer as fairly disappointing. After entering the year platooned with Orlando Scandrick, Jenkins won the starting job for good in week 4. Since, he's been arguably Dallas's best corner, (arguably) supplanting Terence Newman in this regard.
Well, Favre wouldn't go quite that far; but close.
"Terence Newman has been a mainstay there and has been outstanding," Favre said Wednesday, per the Dallas Morning News. "But No. 21 (Jenkins) is going to be a superstar in this league for a long time."
That Jenkins was taken aback by the high praise, given that the 24-year-old grew up watching Favre on television, is no surprise. Preparing for the Favre-led Vikings offense, watching the Silver Fox on film, Jenkins is no less impressed with the 42-year-old.
"The dude is amazing," Jenkins said, per ESPN Dallas. "I was just watching film and saw him pump the ball four times to one side, then go back and complete the ball to the other side. I've never seen anything like it. The dude is amazing.
"It's going to be a great opportunity for me to go in and play against a future Hall of Fame quarterback. I'm going to embrace every moment of it."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Wherever your journey begins, she hopes CA89 will take you there, too. When you leave, a part of Tahoe goes with you. And with every purchase you make at CA89, a part goes back to the Tahoe Fund, which helps restore and preserve the lake for the future, and High Fives Foundation, which raises money and awareness for athletes with life-altering injuries who want to continue enjoying winter sports.
We hope you'll support these great organizations, too.


text:
UndergroundHipHop.com has now posted up audio for Rakaa's highly-anticipated solo LP, "Crown Of Thorns":
Listen to the LP, HERE
Rakaa, one third of world-renowned hip-hop crew Dilated Peoples is releasing Crown of Thorns (Decon Records), his debut solo album after four albums with his group and numerous guest spots. Produced by fellow members Evidence and DJ Babu with guest production by The Alchemist, El-P, !llmind, Exile, Sid Roams, King Jahzzy, dj honda and Eric Bobo & DJ Rhettmatic, Crown of Thorns is the sonic prism that has absorbed the myriad cultures taken in by the travelling emcee and reflected them back in the form of a groundbreaking debut. It's not an overstatement to say that Rakaa's whole life has, consciously or not, gone into the production of this album. "This record is my opportunity to give context so people understand more what I'm trying to do," says the emcee. "It's the first time I'm really making a conscious decision to sit down and let somebody come into my house, and after all of this time, I'm welcoming all guests." Some of those guests include, Defari, Chali 2na, Fashawn, Aloe Blacc, and the legendary KRS-ONE.


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"I know now that the happiest period of my life began about then, even if, if truth be told, the bad times were waiting behind all the laughter."
There are stories about the Spanish Civil War told from the viewpoint of those fighting in them, Homage to Catalonia and Farewell to Arms spring to mind, and there are others that reveal stories of those imprisoned and caught up with them, the wonderful Carpenter's Pencil by Manuel Rivas is an example.
But this is something different again and comes from an angle that shows not only how the war tore families apart but also how it provided those driven by petty jealouses with a terrible chance to settle old scores. The tension that exists in isolated villages is given a dangerous outlet as people pick sides and are labelled as heroes or terrorists.
This story is told from the view point of Conxa who leaves her home village at the age of 13 and travels to stay with her childless Aunt and Uncle. She lives with them working and growing on their land and falls in love with the maverick figure of Jaume who offers a touch of the exotic with his travels and a breath of fresh air as he yearns for change.
They have two children and seem happy enough until Jaume starts to get excited about the chance to change the system and ends up being identified with those that wind up on the anti-Franco side. The politics is kept to the minumum because the story is told through the eyes of a woman who knows only the changes in her husband and senses the danger that they might bring.
As the war comes to the village and the door of their home Jaume, along with others, is taken away. The powers that be then come for Conxa and her daughters and they enter a period of captivity made worse by the drip feeding of rumours about the execution of Jaume and the others.
Conxa returns to the village a widow but not seeking revenge. She has lost her soul mate and lost her innocence. As she slips into old age and loneliness she reflects on just what happened and how she misses Juame. The cost of war for those left at home and left alone is rarely captured so powerfully as it is in the character of Conxa.
In some ways this is a coming of age tale that happens to include the bitter twist of war. The narrative voice is the feature of this story that is something you will remember long after the book has been put to one side. The way that Peirene Press has produced this book with the presentation being delivered so beautifully it is one of those books that have that magical quality indicating even before you start reading that this is going to be something special. It did not disappoint.


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wi-tribe, one of Jordan's pioneering and leading wireless internet service providers has recently launched a new platform of offers focusing on one speed (up to 12Mbps) with the customers' choice of preferred download capacity along with free download from 12am – 12pm, in what would serve their constantly growing demands and establish a bigger presence in the market with more efficiency and competitive offers in terms of speed and download CAP. In addition to that, as a gesture of appreciation towards its loyal existing customers, wi-tribe has rewarded them with an increased internet speed reaching up to 12Mbps till the end of their existing contracts and free of charge.
Mr. Ahmad Farekh, Commercial Director at wi-tribe elaborated on the subject and stated "In our efforts that aim to satisfy our customers' internet demands of higher speed and increased download limits, wi-tribe is offering a new platform of monthly download CAP with the same internet speed for all, reaching up to 12Mbps."
The new line of offers present to the customerthe ability to choose the most suitable among the three provided download capacities: 5GB, 15GB or 50GB with free download from 12am – 12pm, all at the same competitive rates and without hidden messages from the service provider.
Mr. Farekh added, "Moreover, wi-tribe has been acknowledged by our clients as an internet provider that excels at after-sales service, and this is exactly what keeps wi-tribe going in such a competitive field.It is also worth noting that the previous offers will no longer be available as the new offers are matching up with the current dynamics of an ever-thriving market."
For over two years, wi-tribe has been offering its growing roster of clients a wide range of innovative custom-made connectivity solutions for organizations across the public, private and non-governmental sectors. The range of state-of-the-art solutions provided by wi-tribe include high-speed leased line internet, colocation and data hosting internet, data security solutions, in addition to traffic and control management.
As an integral part of Qatar Telecom Q-Tel company, wi-tribe enjoys the support and technical expertise of a major global telecommunicationcompany with vast experience in the field of corporate connectivity and continues to proactivelydemonstrate visible efforts to usher in a new era of communications across the emerging market it serves including Jordan, Pakistan and the Philippines.
[1] https://www.albawaba.com/en/node/355857?nid=443368
[2] https://www.albawaba.com/memac-ogilvy-mather
[3] http://www.albawaba.com


text:
The Son That Former NFL Player Rae Carruth Tried To Kill Turns 18, Still Suffering From Permanent Brain Damage
The former wide receiver, who plotted the murder of his ex, Cherica Adams, is scheduled to be released from prison soon.
REPORTING FROM SANFORD, FLORIDA — It has been nearly 16 months since Trayvon Martin was shot and killed in a gated community in this suburb of Orlando. And the trial of George Zimmerman is now beginning in a case that has become an international symbol of the lingering issues of race in the United States.
Even before the jury selection process gets underway on Monday, the trial of Zimmerman, who is charged with second-degree murder in the death of the unarmed, 17-year-old high school student, has become a larger-than-life drama. It has been the focal point of emotional marches and rallies across the nation, even drawing comment from President Obama.
The reaction to this incident has been so dramatic, so emotional in large measure because the dead teenager was an African-American high school student who was carrying nothing more lethal than a bag of Skittles and a can of iced tea. His shooter was 28 years old, of white and Hispanic parentage and carrying a 9-millimeter handgun. And it was days before an arrest was made.
"It resonated with so many people because of the manner in which he died," said Hasan Kwame Jeffries, a professor of history at Ohio State University, speaking with BET.com. "The initial reports made it seem so patently unjust. And it seemed even more unjust when the shooter was essentially allowed to walk away."
It is a case that exposed many Americans to the controversial law, known as Stand Your Ground, which gives legal permission to use deadly force if someone feels his or her safety is in imminent danger. After considering that as the focal point of his defense, Zimmerman decided to stand trial without invoking the Florida law.
The critical issue is whether lawyers for Zimmerman, a onetime neighborhood watch volunteer, can make a convincing case that he shot the young Trayvon Martin in self-defense, a position he has maintained. On the other hand, the parents of the dead teenager assert that their son was killed as an act of grotesque racial profiling.
For more than a year, the case of Trayvon Martin has resonated with a large segment of the American public. Many in the African-American community and beyond have portrayed the case as a modern-day Emmett Till scene, recalling the 14-year-old Chicago student who was brutally murdered in 1955 on a vacation trip to Mississippi for allegedly whistling at a white woman.
Of course, this is a far different case, in a different age with a host of technological advancements that were not even dreamt of in the 1950s. One such advance, the ability to analyze recordings with high technological precision, is an issue that could play a significant role in the Zimmerman trial.
Already, there has been skirmishing on whether recordings of emergency calls made by people at the shooting scene will be admitted and whether the screams they carried came from Trayvon or Zimmerman.
It is but one of a host of battles between the prosecution and Zimmerman's defense team. In fact, Zimmerman's lawyer, Mark O'Mara, has been widely criticized for releasing to the media photos, documents and text messages that paint an unflattering portrait of the teenager, including information regarding a brief school suspension.
"The defense's position has been simple," Jeffries said. "They want to do whatever they can to make Trayvon Martin out to be the media stereotype of a Black teenage thug. They reason that, if they can do that, then it makes his death seem more justifiable in some people's minds."
The prosecutors and Trayvon's parents argued that the information was irrelevant to the meeting between two strangers in a dark, gated community on a February night. Furthermore, the family charged that O'Mara was attempting to instill an image in the media that he hoped would seep into the minds of the members of the jury.
Prosecutors and Trayvon's parents' lawyer have made clear that Zimmerman has more than his share of uncomplimentary episodes. They point to an arrest in 2005 for resisting arrest with violence and assaulting a police officer, charges that were later reduced. There was also a motion for a restraining order filed by Zimmerman's former fiancée who made allegations of domestic violence.
In the end, Judge Debra Nelson of the Florida Circuit Court here in Sanford ruled that those images and documents of Trayvon Martin could not be used as part of the opening arguments in the trial.
But for now, there is the expectation of a lengthy jury selection process, which may well go on for weeks. Meanwhile, there is a community that has become a focal point for media from throughout the country. And there is also a nation that is eager to see precisely how this trial will proceed.
BET National News - Keep up to date with breaking news stories from around the nation, including headlines from the hip hop and entertainment world. Click here to subscribe to our newsletter.
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The former wide receiver, who plotted the murder of his ex, Cherica Adams, is scheduled to be released from prison soon.
Each of the men could be served a life sentence in prison.
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Judge Rules Man Did Not Assault Police
Abed al-Majed Fahoum, Jurno's attorney, said: "This was an effort by the policeman to cover up their actions by slandering the accused. The court made that unequivocally clear."
An Afula man who was under house arrest for a year after he was accused of assaulting a police officer was acquitted last Thursday, with the presiding judge ruling that it was actually the police officer who had used unnecessary force.
Nazareth Magistrate's Court Judge Carmela Haft ruled that from the beginning, she had believed the version of events presented by Kfir Jurno, 29, of Afula, rather than the testimony of the policeman and policewoman involved.
"It was the policeman who attacked [the defendant] and sprayed him [with pepper spray] unnecessarily, and it was the policewoman who spoke to him using crude language inappropriate for someone in uniform," Haft wrote.
Jurano was represented by Abed al-Majed Fahoum of the Public Defender's Office.
The incident occurred on July 10 of last year. After spending some time at a local pool with his girlfriend and another friend, the three made their way back to the Givat Hamoreh neighborhood where they live. There they encountered a policeman and policewoman, who had been called to break up a fight between several children.
Jurno said he was suddenly approached by the policewoman, who began speaking to him rudely, and the two began arguing. The policeman, who was nearby and heard the argument, came up to the two and sprayed Jurno in the face with pepper spray, he said.
Jurno fled the area, and two days later was arrested and charged with insulting a public servant and assaulting a police officer. Jurno had a previous conviction of assaulting an officer.
The policeman claimed that when he heard the argument between Jurno and the policewoman, he approached them and was cursed by the defendant. When he warned Jurno that he would be arrested, Jurno allegedly hit him and pushed him.
The policeman also claimed that Jurno had one hand behind his back, and having seen him carrying a beer bottle previously, feared that Jurno would attack him with it, which is why he sprayed the pepper spray.
During the trial, however, not only did Jurno's friends uphold his version of what transpired, but there were discrepancies between the testimonies of the policeman and policewoman about the incident.
Haft wrote in her ruling that she "was left with the impression that the relatively young policeman overreacted to the incident, and after using pepper spray unnecessarily, found himself in a situation in which he had to justify himself."
After the acquittal, Fahoum, Jurno's attorney, said: "This was an effort by the policeman to cover up their actions by slandering the accused. The court made that unequivocally clear."
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Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia
Print version ISSN 0034-7094
BARBOSA, Fabiano Timbó; BARBOSA, Luciano Timbó; JUCA, Mário Jorge and CUNHA, Rafael Martins da. Applications of Magnesium Sulfate in Obstetrics and Anesthesia. Rev. Bras. Anestesiol. [online]. 2010, vol.60, n.1, pp.104-110. ISSN 0034-7094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942010000100013.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Magnesium is predominantly an intracellular ion. Its blocking effects on NMDA receptors are responsible for the analgesic and sedative characteristics of this ion. The objective of this study was to review the physiology, pharmacology, and decreased plasma levels of magnesium, as well as its applications in obstetrics and anesthesia. CONTENTS: Magnesium is an intracellular cation with multiple functions: it is a cofactor for enzymes of the glucose metabolism and those that participate in the degradation of nucleic acids, proteins, and fatty acids; it regulates the movements of transmembrane ions; and it intervenes in the activity of several enzymes. Critical patients have a tendency to develop hypomagnesemia, and the treatment consists in correcting the cause, whenever possible, and replacement of magnesium. A reduction in the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of inhalational agents in animals and the use of opioids in humans under anesthesia has been demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: Magnesium sulfate has been used in obstetrics with good results, inhibiting premature labor and in the treatment of eclampsia-associated seizures. It is potentially analgesic and sedative, and could be used as adjuvant during general anesthesia, attenuating the blood pressure response to tracheal intubation and decreasing the need of anesthetics.
Keywords : ANESTHESIA, General; DISEASES [pregnancy-related hypertension]; DISEASES [eclampsia]; DRUGS [magnesium sulfate]; PHARMACOLOGY [magnesium sulfate]; PHARMACOLOGY [hypomagnesemia].


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You have to have some coniving and manipulating, otherwise its going to be boring as hell. There is a diff between that and being a total moronic asinine idiot that is a waste of space on the planet.
You have to have some coniving and manipulating, otherwise its going to be boring as hell. There is a diff between that and being a total moronic asinine idiot that is a waste of space on the planet.
Life should NOT be a journey to the grave with the intention of arriving safely in an attractive and well preserved body, but rather to skid in sideways, chocolate in one hand, martini in the other, body thoroughly used up, totally worn out and screaming "WOO HOO what a ride!" -- Steve Parker
Help feed a dog or cat http://www.theanimalrescuesite.com/c...s/CTDSites.woa
Does anyone know if caliguy got on BB5? I started watching BB4 when it had already started, so I'm not familiar with when the houseguests get notified.
"Being famous does not make you a hero." Zeus in Hercules
I don't know... I haven't seen Cali in a while, so it's possible.
The mere mention of 'X-Factor' makes me throw up a little bit. And the coniving player that's loveable should win. Not an Ali, mind you, but a Will. If there are no cutthroats, then you're in for a pretty boring game where everyone's loveable, and the puppies and kittens are warm and fluffy. I want hardcore puppies, dammit.
Well, if the HOH can spy on the other guests, they would all find out. I mean, do you think the HOH would keep it secret. Then, the next week someone else would be HOH, and eventually everyone would know. OR, it could get sleazy if one person knew, and another didn't, and they are tricked into saying something...
So excited to see this season, as all seasons. I wonder what the "twist" is? The spy on house guests thing is something but there has got to be more!
BTW who is Caliguy?
Is probably over in the transcribing thread for Big Brother til death do us part.
"I don't trust that girl with a ten foot pole." - Annie
Whhhhaaaaat? LMAO
I don't remember the Houseguests being confined for two weeks prior to the beginning of taping in the seasons pasts. Why is Julie giving a little bit of dish now?
It would seem the new HOH technology would be best if it's a complete surprise. Could the houseguests be locked up already???
:rolleyes oh the memoriesWhatever the changes are, they could be in response to finale of last year's series which saw the much loathed twosome of Jun Song and Alison Irwin finish first and second.
don't see why they would do the same exfactor thing two years in a row, then it wouldn't be a shocking twist to the houseguests
OH MAN! :phhht
They are gonna mess up my show!
Why would you create rules to handicap the liars and manipulative people????? AAAAARRRGGGHHHHH!
That's what makes the show enjoyable,whether people want to admit it or not.
I love that Will one BB2 and am still pissed that Danielle lost BB3 because Lisa was the 'nice' one.
I hope they don't ruin this show with these stupid new rules. I don't want to watch a bunch of nice people play this game.
I cannot WAIT for BB5! I am so excited! Woohoo. So far, season 3 was the best...of course because Jason was in it.
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I am very excited about BB5 coming.. Can't wait! I thought the last season was excellent and have been looking forward to it ever since.. I like that its alot more just the house and what goes on in the house then other outside factors..
Big Brother 16: The Alliance - Come See the Fun in the Big Brother Forum!


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Emergency Repair Epoxy Aluminum Putty Stick, 4oz - Star Brite
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The Aluminum Epoxy Putty Stick can be used to permanently repairs holes, gouges, cuts, and rivet leaks in aluminum boats or parts. It is also great for sealing leaks in tanks, pipes, joints, drains, exhaust lines, manifolds, and mufflers, and for repair cracks in outboard and I/O lower units. Easy to use: just cut off an appropriate amount of the putty stick for the job and hand knead until the color turns white and apply to the damaged area. Cures in one hour. Can be sanded, painted, drilled, and tapped. 4 oz Aluminum Stick Features: Designed to be kind to your boat. SatisfEnsured. High quality.
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PITTSBURGH, Nov. 14 (UPI) -- Byron Leftwich will start at quarterback Sunday for the Pittsburgh Steelers in place of the injured Ben Roethlisberger, the NFL team said Wednesday.
Roethlisberger was injured early in the second half of the Steelers' game Monday against Kansas City. He has since been diagnosed with a sprained sternoclavicular joint in his right shoulder.
Leftwich finished Monday's game at quarterback for Pittsburgh, which won 16-13 in overtime.
Leftwich, in his 10th season in the NFL, is 24-25 as a starter. Sunday's home game against the Baltimore Ravens will mark Leftwich's first starting assignment since Sept. 27, 2009, when he was playing for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.
Pittsburgh (6-3) is one game behind Baltimore in the AFC North standings.
Leftwich completed 7-of-14 passes Monday for 73 yards. In his career, he's completed 58.2 percent of his passes for 10,333 yards with 58 touchdowns and 41 interceptions.


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by kirk nielsenPHOTOGRAPH COURTESY OF MARK HANDFORTH AND GAVIN BROWN'S ENTERPRISE (ZIGGY STARDUST ) | December 2, 2011 |
It's not too much of a stretch to call North Miami a bit of a cultural backwater, but during Art Basel Miami Beach, it's a de rigueur destination for the global art world in-crowd. Simply put, the Museum of Contemporary Art is the place to be on the eve of the festival. MOCA's been rolling out must-see exhibitions ever since Art Basel Miami Beach began, in 2002. This year's show features Rolling Stop, an assortment of 25 sculptural works by Hong Kong-born, Miami-based artist Mark Handforth.
Handforth, who tends to employ various types of light and urban iconography (such as fire hydrants, phone booths, and street lights) in his often-expansive creations, was the first artist to have a solo exhibition at MOCA's Joan Lehman Building after it opened in 1996. The current show includes pieces from that and subsequent years, including a reinstallation throughout the museum's courtyard of Herbal Hill, which first appeared as part of a 1998 group exhibition at MOCA.
Most contemporary artists worth their salt have a substantial presence in the outdoors, and Handforth is no exception. "I have a huge belief in making artwork that is part of a public conversation," he says. He prefers publicly placed creations so that viewers "are dealing with some kind of reality," as opposed to a picture of something on a wall of a museum. As MOCA's peripheral location stretches the boundary of the Art Basel Miami Beach "zone," Handforth was keen on having his exhibition encompass a large swath of Miami-Dade itself.
One of those real-world encounters that Handforth has provided is Electric Tree, which involves 60 fluorescent light bulbs affixed to a huge banyan tree in Griffing Park, located roughly a half mile west of MOCA in North Miami. Another, titled Weeping Moon, transforms an Overtown billboard at 15th Street and NW First Avenue (just south of the Ice Palace and west of the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts).
"His work has continued to develop in an amazing way," says MOCA's executive director and chief curator, Bonnie Clearwater. After studying art history at NYU and Columbia University, then working as a curator for New York's Rothko Foundation as well as director of art programs at the Lannan Foundation in Los Angeles, Clearwater moved to South Florida. It was the early 1990s, and she had decided to concentrate on Miami-area artists at a time when few outside of the city actually did so. Clearwater means for Handforth's array of work to stand also as a sprawling metaphor for MOCA's own incredible evolution into an international art world hot spot. "It makes a very bold statement about this kind of support that we've provided Miami artists," she says of Rolling Stop.
MOCA's ABMB presence this year also includes a reprise of another of the museum's 1996 projects, which Clearwater describes as "an amazing building-size installation" by Teresita Fernandez. It appears in the context of Pivot Points, an exhibition featuring works from MOCA's permanent collection that were instrumental to their creators' careers.
"Now, people do pay attention when it's a Miami artist," Clearwater says. A prime example? The "people" at New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art, who, she notes, have signed up Fernandez for a major solo show in 2012. Rolling Stop appears through February 19 at the Museum of Contemporary Art, 770 NE 125th St., North Miami, 305-893-6211; mocanomi.org
photographs by rebecca fonuele (lucky luke); courtesy of mark handforth and gavin brown's enterprise (rolling stop)
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Sinclair profit up on lower revenue
Sinclair Broadcast Group Inc. on Wednesday reported its second-quarter profit climbed more than sevenfold, driven by a large gain from the sale of discontinued operations and lower station operating expenses.
The television broadcaster, which owns or provides programming to 61 TV stations in 38 markets, including Savannah, earned $142.6 million after preferred dividends, or $1.67 per share, compared with $20.2 million, or 22 cents per share, in the prior-year period.
Revenue declined 2 percent to $183.6 million from $186.6 million. Operating expenses fell 6 percent.
Delta traffic up, stock down
Delta Air Lines Inc.'s July traffic improved 6.1 percent mostly on an increase in international traffic. In a press release Thursday, the air carrier said it flew 11.8 billion revenue passenger miles for the latest month, up from 11.2 billion flown a year earlier. A revenue passenger mile is one paying passenger flown one mile. Domestic traffic in July rose 4.7 percent while international traffic climbed 10.8 percent.
Despite the news, Delta (NYSE: DAL) shares hit a 52-week low Wednesday, last trading at $2.32, down 21 cents, or 8.3 percent.
General Dynamics to buy firm General Dynamics Corp. (NYSE: GD) on Wednesday said it agreed to acquire Itronix Corp., a Spokane, Wash.-based provider of wireless mobile computing products, for an undisclosed amount.
The acquisition is expected to immediately boost General Dynamics' financial results, the company said. It reached the agreement with Itronix Holdings and Golden Gate Capital, a San Francisco-based private equity investment firm that acquired Itronix Corp. in 2003.
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Boston College up to Challenge vs. Penn St.
Credit: Abby Drey/Centre Daily Times/MCT
Freshman Olivier Hanlan scored 22 points and Boston College withstood a furious late-game rally to beat Penn State, 73-61, last night in an ACC/Big Ten Challenge game in State College, Pa.
The Eagles (3-4) led by 20 with 6:21 left before an 18-1 run got the Nittany Lions (3-3) within 60-57 with 3:05 remaining, led by Jermaine Marshall (25 points) and D.J. Newbill (22).
Hanlan's three-point play on a jumper in the lane ended the spurt, and Andrew Van Nest's open layup gave Boston College a 65-59 lead with 1:52 left.
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Friday, 15 February 2013
#R2BC Feb 15th
It's a good while since I joined in with this and I've been missing it, I think we all need to count our blessings sometimes especially when you are at home with a small baby and life can seem very monotonous at times. So here are my three Reasons To Be Cheerful for today:
1- I've got rid of mastitis:
Uch, I've been feeling awful, last Saturday was F's birthday and despite starting out the day pretty well I ended up a shivery, aching mess on my mother in laws sofa. Roughly half of people with mastitis (a blocked/infected milk duct) also get the symptoms of flu - and I was one of that half. But, I think I have it beaten now thanks to lots of feeding, expressing and help from F and my Mum who came all the way up from Devon to give me a hand (thank you Mum you're a star).
2- Old friends, little girls and science:
An old friend who I met in the girl guides was visiting London this week, she has two children almost exactly the same age as mine and so I joined them on a visit to the science museum. It was a pretty manic day but E immediately made friends with the other 3 yr old girl and the two of them ran around furiously pretending to be aeroplanes, playing in the hands on launch pad area etc. etc. it was hard work keeping up with them but well worth it and of course I was delighted that E took such an interest (although she now thinks that all I do all day at work is shout in echo tubes). I was also impressed by a few little things at the museum that really made life easier as a parent. The baby changing room I used had a loo and space to take your buggy in with you, there were ramps and lifts everywhere and when we stopped for lunch we were given a table at the back with plenty of room for our buggies so we didn't spend the whole meal apologising and shuffling to make space. They aren't big things but they are much appreciated!
3- Getting out:
Sleep is pretty rare for me at the moment and has anyone ever actually managed to "nap when the baby naps"? So I'm keeping going by keeping going. I've just come back from a lovely walk with M which included a visit to our local cemetery If that sounds weird it's not as bad as you think. Nunhead Cemetery is an overgrown Victorian Gothic cemetery and on a sunny winters day it's magical. Think a walk in the woods where angels keep peeping out at you and there are great views over London.
PS: Why not have a look at some other cheerful blogs?
2 comments:
- Helen S15 February 2013 at 12:51
Angels peeping out at you... terrifying after recent Doctor Who eps.ReplyDelete
Oh lovely pic! Well to be honest with my first I never managed to nap when he napped and near lost my mind but I don't get the sense its that bad for you :0) My second child is a much better sleep and so I can nap when she does. Well done on getting out and having a play-date with your mates and her kids, times like that is a treat.ReplyDelete
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Faith leaders in the Democratic Republic of Congo have pledged to work together in eradicating sexual violence from the country.
The statistics from the DRC are harrowing, with one woman being raped every 90 seconds.
The Archbishop of the DRC, Henri Isingoma said: "Women in our country have paid a high price for the instability and cultural attitudes that continue to influence our society."
He was speaking at the launch of a new church coalition to tackle the causes of the sexual violence blighting communities torn apart by conflict.
"We are called to challenge these harmful attitudes and to share the divine message of equality between men and women, for the well being of all," he said.
"I am convinced that by taking action and working together with other faith groups, we will accomplish our mission to eradicate sexual violence."
In addition to the Anglican Church, the partnership brings together the Roman Catholic Church, the Orthodox Church, the Methodist Church, The Salvation Army, and the Pentecostal Church.
Together they have formed the We Will Speak Out coalition, which will work to eradicate sexual violence and provide care for victims.
They are being supported in their work by the Christian development agency, Tearfund, which has extensive experience of working with rape survivors in the DRC.
Veena O'Sullivan, head of Tearfund's Sexual Violence Unit, said: "As people of faith we cannot tolerate the fact that rape is endemic in our society. We are at our most powerful when we work together to break the silence, to end the pain, and to shatter the stigma faced by survivors of sexual violence."
The launch of the coalition came in the same week as Foreign Secretary William Hague called for rape as a weapon of war to be "removed from the world's arsenal of cruelty".
Dr Mamadou Sakho, of UNAIDS, said faith-based organisations were "indispensable" in the fight against sexual violence.
"Speaking on behalf of all UN agencies, we will make every effort to work with the religious community to tackle sexual violence and HIV and AIDS in DRC," said Dr Sakho.
Endorsing the coalition's efforts, British Ambassador to DRC, Diane Corner said: "Ending the scourge of sexual violence in conflict is a priority for the UK and for me personally. Those of us who have met survivors, who have listened to their devastating stories, know that we must do everything we can to end this terrible crime. We owe it to them, to their families and to their communities."


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Harry Crosby
Harry Crosby (4 June 1898 - 10 December 1929 / Boston, Massachusetts)
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The game will feature detective-style investigation of monster "crime scenes". Geralt will need to discover which monster from his bestiary is responsible for murdering townsfolk, before he can track it down to its lair and slay it.
There will be a greater emphasis on preparation before monster battles. The developers imply that there will be multiple ways to prepare for each monster, one of them being learning its internal anatomical details (which kinda reminds me of the alien autopsies in X-COM). Another way in which The Witcher 3 will be returning to the roots of the Witcher concept is that monster hunting will be your primary source of income, and also your primary source of crafting materials and mutagens. There will be unique "boss" versions of monsters in the game, like in the original Witcher. The developers are quick to reassure that there won't be any arcade-style "epic" bosses like Witcher 2's infamous Kayran, though.


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MIDVALE — Police are investigating a string of small fires that occurred in the same neighborhood early Thurdsay.
While it remains unclear whether the fires, including two fences and a vehicle near 185 E. 7660 South, are related, officials are considering a possibility of arson, said Unified Fire Authority Capt. Clint Mecham. The initial fire was reported at about 5 a.m., with the other two happening within 40 minutes.
No one was injured as a result of the fires and flames were quickly extinguished, Mecham said.
— Wendy Leonard, Twitter: wendyleonards


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Navaratri: Hindu celebration of gifts from the goddess Ambadevi.
Reflection: This Navratri, may you be blessed with good fortune as long as Ganeshji's trunk, wealth and prosperity as big as his stomach, happiness as sweet as his ladoos and may your trouble be as small as his mouse. Happy Navratri!
SUMMARY:Holy day: Hindu
See the Calendar of Holy Days and Observances


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The purpose of this Transmittal Notice (TN) is to transmit a copy of the revised Part 7, Chapter 3, "Indian Preference," Indian Health Manual (IHM). The chapter contains the revised policy and procedures for granting Indian preference within the Indian Health Service (IHS) to certain persons of Indian descent when appointments are made to vacant positions.
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Insert the attached copy of the revised Part 7, Chapter 3, "Indian Preference," IHM, including the chapter Table of Contents, in its place after Part 7, Chapter 2.
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Surveen Chawla talks about intimate scenes in Hate Story 2
Hate Story 2 presents you in a very bold role, quite different from the image you have on TV after 'Kaajjal'...July 17, 2014
Raveena Tandon interview at IIJW 2014
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Salman Khan, your hero in Kick, has compared you (Jacqueline Fernandez) to Zeenat Aman. How do you react to the compliment?...July 15, 2014
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text:
ZKM_Events :: February 2005
trans_canada Festival:
Trends in Acousmatics and Soundscapes
Thurs, 10 February - Sun, 13 February 2005
Admission to single concerts 5 / 3
festival ticket for all concerts 15 / 10
Lectures: admission free
[lectures in presenters native language]
[-> Program]
[-> Information auf Deutsch]
trans_canada Festival:
Trends in Acousmatics and Soundscapes
Thurs, 10 February - Sun, 13 February 2005
Admission to single concerts 5 / 3
festival ticket for all concerts 15 / 10
Lectures: admission free
[lectures in presenters native language]
[-> Program]
[-> Information auf Deutsch]
Vast forests, roaring waterfalls, fertile farmland Canadas natural environment is rich and diverse and so is its musical landscape, especially electronic music, which is the focus of the four-day trans_canada Festival.
Together with France, Britain and the Scandinavian countries Canada is among the world leaders in electroacoustic music. Hugh LaCaine developed the predecessor of the modern synthesizer in Ottawa as far back as the 1940s. At the same time, Francis Dhomont was creating his own musique concrète independent of Henry and Schaeffer.
In Dhomont the ZKM has succeeded in attracting to the festival one of the most prominent representatives of this music scene, who has exerted a major influence on the musical landscape in Canada and especially in Quebec. Among his students at the University of Montreal were Louis Dufort, Ned Bouhalassa, Gilles Gobeil and Robert Normandeau, all of whom have in the meantime become internationally renowned composers in their own right and will likewise be attending the festival. Representing the younger generation will be Nicolas Bernier, who has already won a number of international prizes.
Vancouver and Toronto rank alongside Montreal when it comes to electroacoustic music. Their musical representatives will be Barry Truax and the German Canadian, Hildegard Westerkamp, from British Columbia, while Darren Copeland will be coming from Ontario.
In addition to the concerts, trans_canada will provide a public forum for discussions and contributions that will reflect, illustrate and discuss the country-specific history of electroacoustic music, its present status and the prospects for composers, musicians and musicologists.
With the kind support of the Embassy of Canada, the Canada Council for the Arts and the Quebec Cultural Office
Thursday, 10 February
19.30 Opening by the Canadian Ambassador, Paul Dubois
20.00 Opening concert
Générations - Generations
Premieres of works by Francis Dhomont, Darren Copeland and Nicolas Bernier
Friday, 11 February
[ZKM_Lecture Hall]
10:30 Jean-Francois Denis
11.15 Christoph von Blumröder, Cologne
12.45 Lunch break
15.00 Hildegard Westerkamp, Vancouver
15.45 Barry Truax Burnaby, British Columbia
16.30 Sabine Breitsameter, Berlin
[ZKM_Media Theatre]
20.00 Paysages - Landscapes
Premieres of works by Hildegard Westerkamp, Nicolas Bernier and Louis Dufort
Saturday, 12 February
[ZKM_Lecture Hall]
10.00 Robert Normandeau, Montreal
10.45 Gilles Gobeil, Montreal
11.30 Rudolf Frisius, Karlsruhe
12.30 Lunch break
14.00 Francis Dhomont, Montreal
14.45 Daniel Teruggi, Paris
[ZKM_Media Theatre]
17.00 Sonic Travel
Works by Barry Truax
20.00 Topographies
Premieres of works by Francis Dhomont, Robert Normandeau and Gilles Gobeil
Sunday, 13 February
[ZKM_Media Theatre]
10.00 Nicolas Bernier, Montreal
10.45 Darren Copeland Brampton, Ontario
11.30 Louis Dufort, Montreal
12.15 Concluding round table discussion
Presenters: Sabine Breitsameter, Ludger Brümmer
co-produced by:
© 2017 ZKM | Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie Karlsruhe :: Impressum/Web Site Credits


text:
Open Flashcards
Head & Neck
51 out of 134
A patient with crocodile tears syndrome has spontaneous lacrimation during eating due to misdirection of regenerating autonomic nerve fibers. Which of the following nerves has been injured
|Facial nerve proximal to the geniculate ganglion
|Chorda tympani in the infratemporal fossa
|Facial nerve at the stylomastoid foramen
|Lacrimal nerve
Ans. A Facial nerve proximal to the geniculate ganglion
- Crocodile tears syndrome: spontaneous lacrimation occurring parallel with the normal salivation of eating. It follows facial paralysis and is due to inaccurate regrowth of the regenerating nerve fibers into the wrong nerve sheaths, with some of those destined for the salivary glands going to the lacrimal glands.
- Basically the nerve is damaged proximal to geniculate ganglion and the fibres destined to salivary glands & lacrimal glands are damaged. Then in a bid to repair the nerves, fibres regenerate, but are misdirected, sometimes. The salivary fibres move into chorda tympani but also into greater petrosal nerve. Hence, while salivation the tears also flow out !
- Geniculate ganglion (from Latin genu, for "knee"- a bend) is an L-shaped collection of fibers and sensory neurons of the facial nerve located in the facial canal of the head.
- It receives fibers from both the motor, sensory, and parasympathetic components of the facial nerve and sends fibers that will innervate the lacrimal glands, submandibular glands, sublingual glands, tongue, palate, pharynx, external auditory meatus, stapedius, posterior belly of the digastric muscle, stylohyoid muscle, and muscles of facial expression.
- Sensory and parasympathetic inputs are carried into the geniculate ganglion via the nervus intermedius. Motor fibers are carried via the facial nerve proper.
- The greater petrosal nerve, which carries sensory fibers (palatal taste) as well as preganglionic parasympathetic fibers, emerges from the anterior aspect of the ganglion.
- The chorda tympani nerve brings the taste sensations from the tongue into geniculate ganglion
Head & Neck
Flashcard List
134 flashcards