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Previously published by Law360 on November 10, 2011.
Law360, New York (November 10, 2011, 5:06 PM ET) -- Many lenders routinely require the principals of their small business borrowers to personally guarantee the payment of a loan. Guarantees are also commonplace in commercial real estate loans. Normally, guarantors agree to the obligations because they are excited about the deal that is being financed and want the loan to go through. This was certainly the case throughout much of the previous decade when businesses borrowed freely, companies expanded rapidly and developers raced to break ground on the next big development.
Then the markets collapsed and those same companies defaulted on loans one after the other. Some lenders successfully foreclosed on the collateral; but, some found that unless they obtained the collateral quickly and easily, the expense of foreclosing seemed to increase at an inverse proportion to the amount of time expended. When there was a deficiency or the collateral had no realizable value, lenders looked to the guarantors to make them whole. Some guarantors, however, refused to go down quietly.
When the guaranty is your last and only source of meaningful recovery, you may find that enforcing the guaranty is more difficult than you originally thought and may not yield as much recovery as you had hoped. While there is no specific language that will make a personal guaranty foolproof, all lenders should keep certain things in mind. This article will cover what lenders should consider ahead of time when crafting a personal guaranty and things to consider when collecting on one.
Personal Guarantees: An Enforceable Contract
Guarantees are contracts and are generally enforceable, especially against sophisticated borrowers and guarantors. Unsophisticated guarantors, on the other hand, may garner sympathy from a judge who scrutinizes the terms and conditions of the guaranty. All guaranty contracts, regardless of the guarantor's level of sophistication, must be supported by adequate consideration. This is not an issue when the guaranty is executed as part of the original loan, but separate consideration must accompany any guaranty that is executed after the loan transaction. This consideration can come in the form of new credit or a modification to the loan that benefits the borrower and guarantor.
Dealing Successfully with Loan Modifications
Loan modifications are frequently the central issue in disputes between lenders and guarantors. If the parties to the lending relationship want to keep open the option of modifying the loan, the lender should make that point explicit in the guaranty. The general rule is that modifying loans in ways that materially increase the guarantor's exposure without prior consent can have the effect of discharging the guarantor's obligations. In fact, if the guarantor is a gratuitous surety (as opposed to a compensated surety), any material modification — regardless of risk exposure — may result in a complete discharge.
One way to deal with this situation, especially if the loan was extended years ago and the guaranty did not include prior consent, is to require the guarantor to sign a consent or a new guaranty each time the loan is modified. However, this does not address a situation where there are multiple guarantors and some are unavailable, or perhaps even deceased. Therefore, it is best to obtain prior consent and include specific language in the original guaranty highlighting that the guarantor's obligations apply not just to the existing loan but to all other obligations that may arise in the future.
The language typically used to capture this obligation is "all amounts now or hereafter owing" or "whether now existing or arising hereafter." While these phrases are commonly accepted, it may be easier to use "all obligations and indebtedness now existing or arising in the future." The "in the future" language is much easier for a judge to pick out when analyzing a guaranty. This should be followed by an acknowledgment that the lender and borrower have the unrestricted right to renegotiate and materially modify the loan in ways that may increase the guarantor's risk without his or her consent. In at least one jurisdiction — Pennsylvania — it is important to specify that the guarantor gives prior consent to "material modifications that may increase his risk." It is not enough to obtain prior consent to material modifications that "vary" the risk; the essential term is "increase" the risk.
When a guaranty includes prior consent to future modifications, it is not necessary for lenders to obtain consent from the guarantor each time the loan is modified. However, out of an abundance of caution, some lenders do this anyway. If a lender decides to obtain consent to the first modification, it is recommended that the lender obtain consent to each and every subsequent modification. Otherwise, the guarantor has a basis (albeit a weak one) to argue that he did not consent to the latest modification despite his prior consent. This argument, depending on the inclinations of the court hearing the dispute, may be enough to survive your motion for summary judgment.
This same logic applies if the lender decides to obtain contemporaneous consents from multiple guarantors to each subsequent modification. There is a risk associated with this decision because if one of them is unable to sign subsequent consents the lender is then left in a difficult position. Further, if a dispute arises years later, the guarantor who did not sign the consent can argue that he should be discharged because the lender "chose" to only obtain consents from other guarantors but not him. Similar to the previous example, this argument should not prevail under the law, but may be enough to survive summary judgment.
Insist on a Confession of Judgment Clause — If Available in Your Jurisdiction
In addition to obtaining prior consent, lenders should insist on a confession of judgment clause if such a procedure is recognized in the governing jurisdiction. This clause allows lenders to skip the entire process of a trial and obtain a judgment against the guarantor "by confession." While not all states recognize this procedure, a lender may want to include choice of law and consent to jurisdiction clauses that require the application and jurisdiction of a state that recognizes confessions of judgment, assuming the transaction has sufficient contacts with the state selected
Without a confession of judgment clause, you must commence a lawsuit to enforce the guaranty. Even if you think your case is strong, the lawsuit will move at the mercy of the pretrial scheduling order and you will need to go through the usual phases of litigation. Meanwhile, because you do not have a judgment yet, the guarantor could attempt to shift or transfer assets, forcing you to consider whether the guarantor engaged in actionable fraudulent transfers.
A confession of judgment clause is not a perfect safety net for lenders, however. Even if a guaranty includes an enforceable confession of judgment clause, a lender should be aware that enforcing the guaranty is not as simple as filing a few documents with the court and obtaining an immediate judgment. An obstinate guarantor is likely to file a petition to strike or open the judgment, and he has an outside chance of prevailing because courts impose stringent standards upon judgments entered by confession. As a lender, if you find yourself in an unsympathetic venue, you may end up in front of a judge who will read the guaranty line by line looking for any possible defect to justify his or her inclination to strike or open the judgment. Once opened or stricken, you will need to proceed on the complaint to justify your judgment or file a new complaint.
Executing on the Guarantor's Assets
After a lender obtains a final judgment against the guarantor, the next step is to attempt to execute on the guarantor's assets. This is not a complicated process, but it takes time. If the guarantor has significant assets, a lender can takes steps to attach those assets. If the lender is a bank, and the guarantor maintains a sufficient deposit account with the lender, then the lender can offset those funds.
There is a chance that a judgment against a guarantor may trigger defaults on the guarantor's other transactions and the guarantor will be eager to strike a deal. But if the guarantor has no significant assets, or if the guarantor's greatest asset was an ownership interest in the defaulted borrower and/or the guarantor used most of his liquid assets to support his struggling business activities, a lender may have no immediate or clear path to relief. Other times, the guarantor's assets are beyond the lender's reach, such as marital assets and partnership interests.
While it would be ideal at the outset to require a co-guaranty from the spouse and a collateral pledge of the guarantor's other business interests, neither may be realistic in practice. Regulation B of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act prohibits creditors from requiring the signature of a guarantor's spouse so long as the guarantor meets the lender's standards for creditworthiness (known as the "spousal signature rule"). Even if one of the exceptions to this rule applied, marital property may not make the most stable collateral because the couple could divorce. Partnership interests and shareholder interests in unrelated businesses may also not be the best collateral to secure a guaranty because a pledge of these assets may require consent from the other partners or shareholders.
Perhaps the best way to increase the likelihood that the guarantor will have attachable assets in the event of a default is to (1) require annual financial statements from the guarantor to gain a better understanding of what assets are solely and jointly owned, (2) require the guarantor to maintain a certain amount of solely-owned liquidable assets at all times, and (3) require a pledge of those assets as security for the guaranty. When the lender is a bank, the guarantor should be required to maintain a minimum balance on deposit. If none of these conditions can be achieved, lenders must be prepared for the possibility that there may not be sufficient recovery from the guarantors. In summary, the majority of guarantees are upheld by the courts, but it may take some effort to ultimately convince a trial judge to enforce the guaranty, especially if the borrower is unsophisticated or can offer some form of defense. The best way to address this issue is to strengthen the guaranty from the outset and take measures to ensure that the guarantor has sufficient executable assets in the event of a default by the borrower. Otherwise, there may be no point in requiring a guaranty at all.
The content of this article is intended to provide a general guide to the subject matter. Specialist advice should be sought about your specific circumstances.


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But it's not just the sound, it's the songs. Tracks like "Through The Day" and first single "Dreamin" contain instantly recognizable Twerps elements: the fascination with New Zealand's 1980s Flying Nun era, as well as US bands like the Feelies and Galaxie 500. They also contain a kind of Australian pop timelessness that harks back to the Go-Betweens, Paul Kelly and the Sunnyboys. This is something new for the band, and it's deep and resonant.
We instantly fell in love, we're sure you will too.
Side One
1. Dreamin
2. Don't Be Surprised
3: This Guy
4. Who Are You
5. Peculiar
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6. Jam Song
7. Anything New
8. Bring Me Down
9. Grow Old
10. Through The Day
11. Coast To Coast
**Download coupon available with LP – good for TWO downloads!!**

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Lamont School of Music
Request Information
If you are a prospective undergraduate student, please complete the form through the Office of Undergraduate Admission.
If you are a prospective graduate student, please complete the form through the Division of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences to receive an information packet from the University of Denver Office of Graduate Studies and the Lamont School of Music.
Questions about a specific area?
Contact the Lamont Office of Admission:


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Forget Angry Birds and Temple Run. One of the top games on iTunes right now is Plague Inc., a simulation strategy game that has as its goal genetically engineering a virus and killing everyone on Earth before your disease is discovered and cured.
Over the course of a game, players introduce new symptoms and mutate their viruses, genetically engineering them to spread more rapidly or to be more lethal. Experienced players say the trick is to not make your virus too deadly too soon. If you kill off the sick too fast, they have little chance of spreading your disease and helping you achieve your goal. Throughout the course of the game, a live fake news feed scrolls by so you can track the damaging effects of your pathogenic swath of destruction. "Peru's government has fallen," and "Eurozone collapses" are some of the headlines I saw.
Plague Inc. has sold more than a million copies since its release around Memorial Day, according to James Vaughan, who developed the game as a hobby. It was the No. 1 selling game on iTunes for the first two weeks after its release, and still remains in the top 25 paid iPhone apps. The game has received more than 39,000 5-star reviews from players around the world, and more than 10 million games have been played to date.
What's most impressive is that Ndemic Creations is a small-scale startup that released the game with no marketing budget or hype. Plague Inc. is a viral success in every sense of the term.
There are probably a few reasons why the game has done so well. Players tell me it's well-done and fun to play. But the game's success probably also has to do with our desire to exert some control over the inescapable atmosphere of doomsday destruction that pervades the real headlines. Pick any topic -- the presidential election, the U.S. economy, the future of the euro -- and you can easily become overwhelmed with "worst of the worst" scenarios.
About the same time that Plague Inc. was hitting its stride last month, a member of the social news network Reddit posted the results of his decade-long game of Civilization II, one of the most successful simulation strategy games of all time. In Civilization games, players start with small tribes and attempt to grow them into empires by managing resources, waging war, engaging in diplomacy and building industry.
The player, who goes by the name Lycerius on Reddit, explained that his world, now in the year 3991 A.D., is "a hellish nightmare of suffering and devastation" where three remaining super nations are "competing for the scant resources left on the planet after dozens of nuclear wars have rendered vast swaths of the world uninhabitable wastelands." Inhabitants "have been locked in an eternal death struggle for almost 2,000 years," and "Peace seems to be impossible."
Rather than bragging about his endurance and even chatting idly about his efforts, Lycerius went to the social network asking for help. He wrote on Reddit: "My goal for the next few years is to try and end the war and thus use the engineers to clear swamps and fallout so that farming may resume. I want to rebuild the world. But I'm not sure how. If any of you old Civ II players have any advice, I'm listening."
Lycerius has received an overwhelming number of responses and assistance in the past few weeks. A new ongoing discussion thread, dedicated to ending the "Eternal War," was created, and it now has more than 14,000 subscribers trying to make things better.
It's easy to deem the fascination with the worst-of-the-worst illustrated by Plague Inc., and the Civ II mega-marathon as a negative thing, but that's too simple. The circumstances of these games are extreme, and they do give players an opportunity to explore dark sides and downward turns. But the attraction for many is seeking solutions and searching for ways to influence what happens in the largest global sense. It's about keeping up hope -- even in the most dire of circumstances.
In Lycerius' simulation of civilization, even after nearly 2,000 years of devastating nuclear war, no one is suggesting hitting "game over." Instead a group of players is trying to figure a way out to survive, and move forward.
That's not a bad lesson as we contemplate our current, actual reality.
Jennifer Wheary is a senior fellow at Demos, a public policy organization in Manhattan.


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yahoo! inc. has outfitted 10 cabs in san francisco with a laptop computer and wireless internet access. yahoo! plans to roll out more cabs in other cities if the campaign is well received.
the cabs with internet access are purple and yellow and have a yahoo! logo on the outside and offer internet access for free for the duration of the cab ride.
joel's opinion
i saw this in computer reseller news a little while ago. i think the idea is great. after all, when you're sitting in the back of a cab you tend to get a little bored.
i was in new york a couple of weeks ago and was taking cabs everywhere. sometimes i would get in a cab and have to go across town. most of the time the cab drivers didn't want anything to do with me so this would have been a perfect time for me to surf the 'net.
i do find a couple of potential problems with the idea, though. what if people get car sick while using it? imagine being a cab driver and having to suddenly pull the taxi over because someone isn't feeling so good all of the sudden. perhaps there should be an assortment of nausea pills next to the laptop.
also, what if someone is doing something mission critical and then the connection to the 'net drops off? i guess the best solution here is to not do anything mission critical in the cab.
yahoo! taxi drivers have reported that most of their customers check the weather, sports scores, or stocks. this cab could be great market research for yahoo! after all, people will have a limited amount of time to access the 'net. this will show yahoo! exactly what people want to do on the 'net.
what do you think of the yahoo! taxi? anyone out there have a picture of the one? write to me at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Effectiveness of copula-extreme value theory in estimating value-at-risk: empirical evidence from Asian emerging markets
A traditional Monte Carlo simulation using linear correlations induces estimation bias in measuring portfolio value-at-risk (VaR), due to the well-documented existence of fat-tail, skewness, truncations, and non-linear relations in return distributions. In this paper, we consider the above issues in modeling VaR and evaluate the effectiveness of using copula-extreme-value-based semiparametric approaches. To assess portfolio risk in six Asian markets, we incorporate a combination of extreme value theory (EVT) and various copulas to build joint distributions of returns. A backtesting analysis using a Monte Carlo VaR simulation suggests that the Clayton copula-EVT evinces the best performance regardless of the shapes of the return distributions, and that in general the copulas with the EVT provide better estimations of VaRs than the copulas with conventionally employed empirical distributions. These findings still hold in conditional-coverage-based backtesting. These findings indicate the economic significance of incorporating the down-side shock in risk management. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
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Volume (Year): 39 (2012)
Issue (Month): 4 (November)
Pages: 447-468
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- Annastiina Silvennoinen & Timo Teräsvirta, 2009.
"Modeling Multivariate Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity with the Double Smooth Transition Conditional Correlation GARCH Model,"
Journal of Financial Econometrics,
Society for Financial Econometrics, vol. 7(4), pages 373-411, Fall.
- Silvennoinen, Annastiina & Teräsvirta, Timo, 2007. "Modelling Multivariate Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity with the Double Smooth Transition Conditional Correlation GARCH model," SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance 0652, Stockholm School of Economics.
- Annastiina Silvennoinen & Timo Teräsvirta, 2008. "Modelling Multivariate Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity with the Double Smooth Transition Conditional Correlation GARCH Model," CREATES Research Papers 2008-05, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University.
- Aggarwal, Raj & Mougoue, Mbodja, 1998. "Common Stochastic Trends among Asian Currencies: Evidence for Japan, ASEANs, and the Asian Tigers," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 10(2), pages 193-206, March.
- Ho, Lan-Chih & Burridge, Peter & Cadle, John & Theobald, Michael, 2000. "Value-at-risk: Applying the extreme value approach to Asian markets in the recent financial turmoil," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 8(2), pages 249-275, May.
- S. T. M. Straetmans & W. F. C. Verschoor & C. C. P. Wolff, 2008. "Extreme US stock market fluctuations in the wake of 9|11," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(1), pages 17-42.
- François Longin, 2001. "Extreme Correlation of International Equity Markets," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 56(2), pages 649-676, 04.
- Turan G. Bali, 2007. "A Generalized Extreme Value Approach to Financial Risk Measurement," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 39(7), pages 1613-1649, October.
- Chen, Xiaohong & Fan, Yanqin, 2006. "Estimation of copula-based semiparametric time series models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 130(2), pages 307-335, February.
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- Angelidis, Timotheos & Benos, Alexandros & Degiannakis, Stavros, 2007. "A Robust VaR Model under Different Time Periods and Weighting Schemes," MPRA Paper 80466, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Engle, Robert & Colacito, Riccardo, 2006. "Testing and Valuing Dynamic Correlations for Asset Allocation," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 24, pages 238-253, April.
- Rodriguez, Juan Carlos, 2007. "Measuring financial contagion: A Copula approach," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 14(3), pages 401-423, June.
- Ang, Andrew & Chen, Joseph, 2002. "Asymmetric correlations of equity portfolios," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(3), pages 443-494, March.
- Jondeau, Eric & Rockinger, Michael, 2006. "The Copula-GARCH model of conditional dependencies: An international stock market application," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(5), pages 827-853, August.
- Tastan, Hüseyin, 2006. "Estimating time-varying conditional correlations between stock and foreign exchange markets," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 360(2), pages 445-458.
- Patro, Dilip K. & Wald, John K. & Wu, Yangru, 2002. "Explaining exchange rate risk in world stock markets: A panel approach," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 26(10), pages 1951-1972, October.
- Kole, Erik & Koedijk, Kees & Verbeek, Marno, 2007. "Selecting copulas for risk management," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(8), pages 2405-2423, August.
- Koedijk, Kees & Kole, Erik & Verbeek, Marno, 2006. "Selecting Copulas for Risk Management," CEPR Discussion Papers 5652, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Kolari, James W. & Moorman, Ted C. & Sorescu, Sorin M., 2008. "Foreign exchange risk and the cross-section of stock returns," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(7), pages 1074-1097, November.
- L. K. Hotta & E. C. Lucas & H. P Palaro, 2008. "Estimation of VaR Using Copula and Extreme Value Theory," Multinational Finance Journal, Multinational Finance Journal, vol. 12(3-4), pages 205-218, September.
- Nikolay Nenovsky & S. Statev, 2006. "Introduction," Post-Print halshs-00260898, HAL.
- Okimoto, Tatsuyoshi, 2008. "New Evidence of Asymmetric Dependence Structures in International Equity Markets," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 43(03), pages 787-815, September.
- Doidge, Craig & Griffin, John & Williamson, Rohan, 2006. "Measuring the economic importance of exchange rate exposure," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 13(4-5), pages 550-576, October.
- Longin, Francois M., 2000. "From value at risk to stress testing: The extreme value approach," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 24(7), pages 1097-1130, July.
- McNeil, Alexander J. & Frey, Rudiger, 2000. "Estimation of tail-related risk measures for heteroscedastic financial time series: an extreme value approach," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 7(3-4), pages 271-300, November.
- Bartram, Sohnke M. & Taylor, Stephen J. & Wang, Yaw-Huei, 2007. "The Euro and European financial market dependence," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(5), pages 1461-1481, May. Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)
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text:
The Immigrant Visa Process
- After Your Petition is Approved
- Begin National Visa Center (NVC) Processing
- Choose an Agent
- Pay Fees
- Collect and Submit Forms and Documents to the NVC
- Submit Visa Application Form
- Collect Financial Documents
- Collect Supporting Documents
- Submit Documents to the NVC
Email sent successfully!
Thank you for sending a link to the travel.state.gov page to the following email(s):
Collect and Submit Forms and Documents to the NVC
After you have completed Step 1 (Choose an agent) and Step 2 (Pay fees), you will submit your visa application form, and collect and submit the required documents to the the National Visa Center (NVC). This process will be explained in Steps 3 through 6.
After the necessary forms and documents have been collected, and when your priority date is current (if applicable), the NVC will schedule your interview at the appropriate U.S. Embassy or Consulate. The NVC will then transfer your case file to the U.S. Embassy or Consulate.
Who's Involved
U.S. Embassies and Consulates: Find a U.S. Embassy or Consulate, nearest your residence abroad, where you will apply and be interviewed for your U.S. visa.
National Visa Center: After petition approval, the National Visa Center (NVC) handles processing for certain kinds of documents, sending them onward to U.S. Embassies & Consulates. When and how to Contact NVC
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS): USCIS oversees immigration to the United States and approves (or denies) immigrant petitions, and more. Learn about USCIS.


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The man who police say stabbed four homeless men to death in a serial-killing spree in north Orange County was being held Monday in isolation at the central jail in Santa Ana for medical reasons.
Itzcoatl Ocampo, 23, a former Marine who served a 2008 tour in Iraq, is scheduled to appear in court on Wednesday and is expected to face murder charges. Police say they are confident he is the killer whose attacks sent chills through the homeless community and prompted a regional manhunt.
Sheriff's officials would not release details of the medical condition that put Ocampo in isolation at the jail, citing privacy laws.
District Attorney Tony Rackauckas has scheduled a press conference on Tuesday morning, where he could announce that his office will seek the death penalty. He will be joined by members of a special task force of local and federal investigators that spent recent weeks searching for the killer.
Police arrested Ocampo on Friday evening, shortly after the fourth stabbing. Witnesses to the attack behind a Carl's Jr. restaurant in Anaheim Hills chased the suspect, police said. One told investigators he saw a huge knife being used in the attack.
Ocampo's father, Refugio, lost his home in 2008 and lives out of the cab of a big rig parked in Fullerton. Three days before he was arrested, Ocampo had showed his father a newspaper story about the serial killings.
On Monday, the family shared a brief video message that Ocampo recorded from Iraq for Father's Day in 2008. Ocampo appeared in fatigues and goggles in a makeshift church, greeted his family in Spanish, complained about the heat and read "Green Eggs and Ham" to his younger sister.
"I'm fine here in Iraq," he says in the message. Toward the end, he wishes his family a happy Thanksgiving, and then corrects himself. "Father's Day. Oh man," he says, and then exhales. "So many things."
Anaheim Police Chief John Welter said over the weekend that investigators are "extremely confident we have the man responsible for the four murders of homeless men in Orange County." He said detectives will ask the District Attorney's Office to file four murder charges against Ocampo.
Ocampo will make his first court appearance on Wednesday.
Police have declined to discuss details of the investigation that led them to conclude that Ocampo is connected to the slayings that began in a Placentia shopping center on the night of Dec. 20. Eight days later, another man was found stabbed to death along the Santa Ana River; two days after that, a third victim was killed behind the Yorba Linda library.
Police say Ocampo has no criminal background, and his parents said he never got into trouble growing up in Orange County, where he has lived since he was 7 months old.
The Ocampos are from Mexico City, where Refugio said he worked as a lawyer and part-time musician. Itzcoatl became a U.S. citizen at age 12 and, a year later, became deeply influenced by the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, his father said.
He followed a close childhood friend into the Marines. That friend, Claudio Patiño IV, was killed in action in Afghanistan in 2010.
Ocampo was deployed to Iraq for an eight-month tour of duty in 2008. Although he never saw combat, his main job was to provide security, inspect wounded patients and bag up bodies of fallen Americans, said Cpl. Bonnie Tisdale, who supervised Ocampo for two years.
The death of his friend devastated him, his family said. His father said Itzcoatl blamed himself for Patiño's death. He had once talked about becoming a police officer or deputy, but lost that motivation. "The military killed the person he was," Refugio Ocampo said.


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DeTomaso Pantera for Sale
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For sale in our Houston Showroom is this 1974 De Tomaso Pantera. The Pantera is a mid-engined sports car produced by the... More
Advertiser since 2012
1972 DeTomaso Pantera
Kissimmee, FL
Marti Report Believed to be 17,000 milesTo be sold at the Kissimmee 2018 auction, Kissimmee, FL, January 5 14, 2018. To consign a car or... More
1974 DeTomaso Pantera
Nashville , TN
1974 DeTomaso Pantera, Highly Original and beautifully preserved example. 22,100 Original miles. Rust Free. Formerly owned by the late Corvette National Judge Paul Adams.... More
1972 DeTomaso Pantera
Beverly Hills, CA
1972 DeTomaso Pantera This stunning 1972 DeTomaso Pantera is shown here in extravagant yellow with black interior. A stunning color combination. Comes equipped with a... More
Advertiser since 2009
1972 DeTomaso Pantera
Dubai, United arab emirates
An Italian body with a 5.8 litre American heart, the Pantera combines beauty with raw, animalistic power. This very low-mileage example comes with the interesting... More
1971 DeTomaso Pantera Pushbutton
Newport Beach, CA
Very rare offering of this beautiful, well sorted early "pushbutton" pantera. There were approx 97 of these imported to the US (chassis 1286-1382) Cars... More


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Intel, UCSB tout hybrid Si-laser chip advance
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LONDON Researchers at Intel and the University of California, Santa Barbara have made what they say is a major breakthrough in making hybrid silicon lasers that they suggest could have a huge impact on chip-to chip communication and on optical communications networks.
The groups plan to outline details of the silicon photonics technology later on Monday (Sept. 19), which is said to add an Indium Phosphide based light source to Intels already announced silicon laser.
The researchers caution that commercializing the laser chip could take till the end of the decade, but suggest being able to place hundreds or thousands of data-carrying light beams on standard industry chips will have the potential "to reshape the data center, could improve the way fiber is delivered to the home and potentially trigger the next paradigm shift since the introduction of fiber."
The teams indicate bonding the silicon and InP-based laser chips can be achieved at relatively low temperatures and with acceptable and cost effective manufacturing techniques. They suggest the device could handle data rates of between 20Gbit/s to 40Gbit/s, up from todays 10Gbit/s.
Initial test lasers stopped working at temperatures above about 100 degrees Fahrenheit, but the researchers believe they have identified ways to reduce the sensitivity to heat.
John Bowers, director of the multidisciplinary optical switching technology center at UC-Santa Barbara, who is involved in the research, says dozens or hundreds of lasers could be integrated on to a single chip. The results of the development work are due to be reported in the next issue of specialist publication Optics Express .


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PFOX (Parents and Friends of Gays and Ex-Gays) has been trying to obtain the information for some time.
"Particularly disturbing is...since we now know that Pepsi has given over a million dollars to the Human Rights Campaign and to another hate group called PFLAG, Parents and Friends of Lesbians and Gays -- an organization that tells parents that their children are born homosexual," reports Greg Quinlan, PFOX spokesman. "Therefore they must accept them and that the only way to love them is to accept, embrace that homosexual lifestyle." ...
Lev 20:13 If a man also lie with mankind, as he lieth with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination: they shall surely be put to death; their blood shall be upon them.
Romans 1:32 Who knowing the judgment of God, that they which commit such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but have pleasure in them that do them.
Ps 81:12 So I gave them up unto their own hearts' lust: and they walked in their own counsels.
Ps 94:23 And he shall bring upon them their own iniquity, and shall cut them off in their own wickedness; yea, the LORD our God shall cut them off
Ro 1:26 For this cause God gave them up unto vile affections: for even their women did change the natural use into that which is against nature: 27 And likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman,


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Hi! Last week my husband and I adopted a beautiful little hound mix named Sadie. We have both had dogs in the past, but none recently (within the past 3 yrs. or so). My husband has started having allergy problems - stuffy nose, sneezing, etc. and I'm wondering what we can do to help curb his symptoms. I am absolutely committed to keeping this sweet girl, I can't imagine sending her back to the shelter, but my husband is really frustrated as he's never had allergy problems with dogs before.
Are there shampoos we can use to cut down on both dander and shedding? Any tips and suggestions would be greatly appreciated!!!


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Perfect picture. from head to toe, from head to hoof.. brilliant artist.
I still have arrow marks in my retreating area. They were good shots but I was fast and you would be too if you had all those mad people on your tail. Oddio I was a scout with Daniel B making our way to the frontier.
Thank you Patti, warbler, Richard, oddio.......Richard did you have a sensative nose and maybe smell them out ....and oddio if he was a scout for custer then they forgot one lived through custers last stand LOL.............. :-))))))))))))
PG, were you a scout with the Custer party?
I can help on this one Gene. They are BIG and dark and hairy with a not so even disposition and you may smell them before you see them. Bet you did not know I was a scout in my younger day???
Great solve, Gene and Scooter!
Love your Scooter -- and your puzzle! Thank you Gene!
First I have to answer the big question about my avatar..His name is Scooter and he is a full blooded ShihTzu, and yes he is our baby lol at 4 yrs. old He is so full of love he can never kiss ya enough LOL........Now with that I will say thanks tp all for stopping in and for the comments :-))))))
Absolutely gorgeous thanks Gene..
So interesting, I love learning about tracking methods that were used. I have the same question as Chickster, does that adorable doggie on your avatar belong to you??
Another beautiful painting Gene. Thank you so much
Thanks, Gene, for another great Rodriguez.
Another good one Gene. I couldn't solve your puzzles for a couple days because I was out of town. BTW, I love your cute avatar. Is that your pooch?