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Hello again. I hope you can help me…it's not about one of Rose's recipe, rather my tried-and-trusted recipe for Pate Sucree' from Gordon Ramsay's 'Just Desserts' book. I've been making it for years, by hand because I didn't have a food processor nor a mixer. I finally bought one a few weeks ago and have made Rose's pastry recipes with her food processor method, with success. However, I've now made my pate sucree twice with the food processor and it just comes out overworked. I've looked in Rose's book at how she does the Cookie Pastry, but her process seems really different and I'm worried that it wouldn't work for my recipe. The annoying thing is that Gordon Ramsay refers to a 'mixer', presumably one of those Chef Aid type of things? But I have a food processor, a Kenwood top of the range thing with all bells and whistles that was recommended by the Institute of Good Housekeeping.
I have a feeling that I might need to keep processing to a minimum, and today I mixed less than on my previous attemp but probably still too much. The manual says to use max speed for pastry. Today I used the pulse setting which I guess is max speed anyway.
I post the recipe below (hopefully Gordon won't mind, he's got enough money anyway) - if you could have a look at it and give me some advice, I'd really appreciate it.
P?te Sucr?e
Makes about 1 kg
250g butter, softened (I use the UNSALTED type)
180 caster sugar
3-4 vanilla pods (I use a teaspoon of vanilla extract)
2 large free range eggs, beaten
500g plain flour
1/4 teaspoon fine sea salt
Using an electric mixer, beat the butter and sugar together in a bowl until smooth and creamy, but not fluffy. Slit open the vanilla pods and scrape out the seeds with the tip of a knife, adding them to the creamed mixture.
With the mixer on slow speed, gradually incorporate the beaten eggs. stop the machine once or twice and scrape down the sides.
Sift the flour and salt together. With the mixer on its lowest speed, add the flour in 3 or 4 stages. As soon as the mixture comes together as a crumbly dough, stop the machine.
Gather the dough together and turn on to a lightly floured surface, preferably cool marble. Briefly knead it with your hands until smooth, this should only take a minute or two. Avoid over-working the pastry or it will become softened by the warmth of your hands.
Divide into 3 or 4 batches and wrap in cling film. Leave to rest in the refrigerator for 30 minutes before rolling out. Freeze any that you don't need now for later use.
Before you roll out P?te Sucr?e, give it another light kneading, to prevent it from cracking as you roll. Dust your work surface very lightly with flour and roll out the pastry quickly, using light, even strokes. If you apply too much pressure you will release the butter in the dough and it will become difficult to shape.


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Only months after the Transition, the great powers scramble to develop the weapons of tomorrow. The year 1942 is now a world of crude jet fighters, monstrous attack helicopters, and unholy dirty bombs - a mongrel technology, born decades prematurely.
Then, in a radical rewriting of history, Japanese forces sweep into Australia, foreign agents begin a campaign of terror in the USA, and Germany prepares for an all-out attack on Britain. The 21st-century forces must resort to the most extreme measures yet and face a future rife with possibilities - all of them apocalyptic.
Picking up from where he left off with Weapons of Choice, John Birmingham shocks and awes us with this gripping second instalment in the Axis of Time trilogy.
Listen to the entire Axis of Time trilogy.
©2006 John Birmingham; (P)2009 Audible, Inc.
"Alternative history at its best"
Designated Targets is the first book of a military, political, social alternative history trilogy that shows what can happen when an experiment in quantum physics goes terribly wrong. It is very clever, well written, and even somewhat thought provoking. It only requires you to suspend your disbelief a bit. The trilogy is a most entertaining listen or read.
"Another winner"
Heard the first one HAD to get this one and just got tne last of the three part series.
Too bad it's almost over, would make for a great movie but guess it'd be too long.
Very enjoyable.
A very good read, i like it very MUCH!!!!!!!!!
"Worth the time, an excellent read."
I was expecting a spin on The Final Countdown. This series definitely was a different take on things. An excellent well thought out book.
"narrator is perfect!"
the large cast of characters would be impossible to sort out without the gifted narration. very well done
"Great storyline, but... I"
Great story but when the narrator does two of the female voices, he make them sound like "Mort Goldman" from Family Guy. Every time I hear one of their voices I picture him. Kind of a distraction from an other great narrative.
"Nothing really changes"
First - the narrator is splendid though female voices are not his strongest. Nothing changes meaning the Allies get the good stuff but Axis not so much. Therefore the story gets predictable. I liked it nevertheless.
"Great story."
the story is detailed and the characters are well written.
The history, or rather alternative history really peeks my interest. I am looking forward to the 3rd. book.
"Sitting on the edge of my seat"
A second wondering what happened. Definite must read and gripping second in the series book. Will read the final book.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Brazilian Journal of Botany
Print version ISSN 0100-8404
DIAS, Marilda C.; CASTRO, Marília de M.; KINOSHITA, Luiza S. and SEMIR, João. Hipanto e tubo estaminal em Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae). Rev. bras. Bot. [online]. 1998, vol.21, n.1, pp.81-88. ISSN 0100-8404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-84041998000100008.
(Hypanthium and staminal tube in Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae)). A woody ring surrounding the carpels was observed in longitudinal sections of flowers of five species of Xylopia L.. The stamens and staminodes were spirally inserted on this ring. An anatomical study of the mature flowers of Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. was conducted to elucidate the nature of this structure, concentrating on the vascularization from the base of the receptacle to the stamens, staminodes and carpels. The woody ring was shown to be appendicular and of mixed origin. It consists of the fusion of the sepals, as well as external and internal petals and filaments in the basal region, thereby constituting the hypanthium. In the apical portion it is exclusively formed by the fusion of the filaments, thus constituting a staminal tube. The epidermal cells covering the stamens and staminodes have a lignified and thickened wall, distinguishing them from the other epidermal cells of the sepals, petals and carpels. Such cells also cover the woody ring, demonstrating its staminal origin. The woody texture of this ring is probably due to the presence of lignin in the walls of its epidermal cells. According to the literature, this ring has been interpreted as being of receptacular nature, without any anatomical support. The appendicular origin of the hypanthium is here reported for the first time for both of the genus Xylopia and Annonaceae.
Keywords : Xylopia aromatica; Annonaceae; appendicular hypanthium; staminal tube.


text:
CALGARY - Snow White's Scary Adventures at Disneyland -- an original part of the Happiest Place on Earth -- was shut down in June.
All things considered, that was probably about the scariest part of visiting Anaheim.
Well ... other than the traffic snarls and cost of buying dinner for the whole family. But that's a different aspect to a California adventure.
The horror show the Calgary Flames want to be blasted to smithereens is at the home of the Anaheim Ducks, where they visit Friday night (8:30 p.m., Sportsnet West).
If you want to talk about scary, look up the Flames history at the Honda Centre.
"Oh, don't talk about that," Flames goaltender Miikka Kiprusoff responded when the subject of his team's struggles was broached before heading to SoCal for Friday's clash.
"It's a challenge. That's a good team and playing well."


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HPD recommends felony charges for school vandals
The Hudson Police Department officials were scheduled to meet with St. Croix County District Attorney Eric Johnson Wednesday morning to present the results of their two-week investigation into the involvement of approximately 40 Hudson High School students in the vandalism of five schools, including Hudson, on June 3.
According to lead investigator Detective Jeff Knopps, the department is recommending that 13 of the students be charged with felonies and the remaining 23 with related misdemeanors.
Knopps said they had spoken with most of the suspects, some through their attorneys. He added that investigation into who was involved in the planning of the vandalism and who was actually involved in doing it is complete. However, they have identified as an adult the owner of the dark pickup truck in which the suspects drove onto campus, and will follow up with that person to determine if they had any prior knowledge or any involvement in the crimes.
The next step is up to DA Johnson.
In an interview Monday, Johnson said his office will review the investigation thoroughly before making any decision on what, if any, charges will be brought in the case. Johnson said any charges will depend on the level of involvement of each of the suspects identified -- whether they were actually involved in the vandalism, if they participated in the planning or only had knowledge of the plan.
Johnson said one of the options that could be considered is an "informal diversion program" aimed at the youthful offender with no prior criminal record. If the offender fulfills a variety of conditions, either no charges are filed or the charges are dismissed after the conditions have been met. Those conditions can include restitution, community service and appropriate apologies, according to Johnson.
"The goal is to review and respond to the facts, try to be fair and do the right thing, the same as in any case that comes through this office," said Johnson.
But Johnson only speaks for St. Croix County. The schools vandalized included Eau Claire North and Memorial in Eau Claire County and Menomonie High School in Dunn County. Johnson said he had been in contact with the district attorneys there and is under the impression that "they would be handling any prosecutions themselves," separate from any action his office takes.
The final cost of the vandalism has not been determined, but estimates run from $10,000 to $100,000, depending on if the damaged running track at New Richmond High School has to be resurfaced.
HPD Chief Andrew Smith said his department has also used up a considerable amount of overtime on the investigation. Knopps alone said he has worked 125 hours on the case over the last two weeks. Smith said he would like that cost to be part of any restitution considered in the case.
Johnson said he did not know when the next steps in the case would be taken. The names of the suspects, all believed to be 17 or older, had not been released as of press time Tuesday.
School press conference
Last Friday, Hudson School District Superintendent Mary Bowen-Eggebraaten and HHS Principal Ed Lucas both read statements to a small group of reporters at a press conference at the school. Neither took questions, citing the ongoing police investigation and student privacy guidelines. However, both said that they will be looking for ways to reach out to the schools that were targeted to do whatever is necessary to make amends for the actions of the vandals.


text:
Health Care Reform: A Well-Documented, Fully Acknowledged Corporate Sellout
There are many legitimate diverging opinions about the quality of the new health care reform law, what shouldn't be in dispute is the well-documented fact that it was a corporate sellout, or at least contained several large very specific sellouts to large corporate interests. Yet David Leonhardt, who must have been hiding under a rock during the entire debate, put it "on the list of blind spots for the noneconomist left"
Last year's health reform bill was a sellout to the insurance companies. (Or alternatively, real health reform requires a "public option.")
I didn't come to the vague conclusion that the law was like a "corporate sellout" simply because it failed to implement many of the needed cost controls that would reduce profits for some health care corporations. I know for a fact that it was an actual corporate sellout because the Obama administration quite literally sold away provisions in exchange for money in the form of direct financial assistance with public relations campaigns.
The fact that the Obama administration sold out reform in deals with different health care industries, like the drug companies and the hospitals, was widely reported. Senators even publicly admitted in the Senate hearings themselves that provisions were sold in exchange for campaign money.
People can argue that these corporate sellouts were acceptable, necessary evils required to pass something, but no one can deny the fact that they happened.
Given the widely reported facts, to not believe that the health care reform law (lacking a public option, providing massive subsidies for private insurance companies, and forcing people to be their customers) dramatically resembled the health insurance companies' reform proposal would require one to actively engage in willful ignorance.


text:
|23. März 1982
|19. März 1980
|19. März 1980
|Auch veröffentlicht unter
|Boyd G. Brower, John W. Shaffer
|Ursprünglich Bevollmächtigter
|Gte Products Corporation
|Zitat exportieren
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patentzitate (7), Referenziert von (20), Klassifizierungen (21), Juristische Ereignisse (2)
|Externe Links: USPTO, USPTO-Zuordnung, Espacenet
1. Technical Field
The invention relates to electrically-activated, disposable photoflash devices and particularly to the circuit board assemblies utilized therein. The invention also relates to methods of making such assemblies.
2. Background
Photoflash devices of the variety mentioned above typically include a circuit board having an insulative substrate with pre-established circuit patterns or "runs" thereon. Electrically connected at designated locations to this circuitry are a plurality (e.g., eight or ten) of high voltage flashlamps. The circuit board, with flashlamps secured thereto, is located within a suitable, insulative housing having a light-transmitting cover (to permit the high intensity output from each flashlamp to pass therethrough) and at least one connector tab for attaching the device to a respective camera and electrically connecting the circuit board's circuitry to the power source, (e.g., piezoelectric element) typically located therein. Activation of the power source by the camera's user, such as by depressing the camera's shutter release button, results in a firing pulse being provided in the circuitry and ignition of one of the device's flashlamps. One type of device containing a pair of opposing linear arrays of flahslamps and a singular, common connector tab is referred to in the art as a "flash bar", while another type, which is capable of being inverted and thus possessing two opposing connector tabs, is referred to as a "flip-flash" . The "flip-flash" devices were designed primarily to substantially eliminate the photographic phenomenon known as "red-eye", which occurs when light is reflected by the retinae of the subjects' eyes onto the photographic film to indicate the eyes' pupils as being red. These latter devices substantially eliminate this possibility by spacing the illuminating flashlamp a specified distance from the camera's lens.
One example of the aforementioned "flash bar" photoflash device is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,857,667 (J. J. Vetere et al). An example of an eight flashlamp arrayed "flip flash" is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,113,424 (D. E. Armstrong et al), while examples of ten lamp versions of this product are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,152,751 (R. E. Sindlinger et al) and 4,164,007 (E. G. Audesse et al). All of the above patents are assigned to the assignee of the instant invention.
As stated, the present invention is concerned with the manufacture of the circuit board assembly which eventually forms an integral part of the final photoflash product. One example of a known technique for making such components (e.g., those used in the aforedescribed "flash bar" device) has been to silk-screen a silver-containing material over a ceramic-coated steel board and thereafter oven-fire the assembly to fuse the silver particles to a continuous conductor. The steel board was originally blanked from a strip of said material, sprayed or dipped with the ceramic, and fired to produce a hardened coating thereon. Silk-screening and oven-firing followed. Another type of technique (e.g., for those components used in many "flip-flash" devices) also involved silk-screening of silver-containing material but instead on a styrene copolymer, thermoplastic substrate (or board). The silver-containing mineral, applied in paste form, was then subjected to either a radiation curing or hot air drying step. In both of the above examples, the cured silver-containing material served as the conductive circuit in the finished device. Yet another technique (as used in at least one embodiment of a "flip-flash" device) involved approximately the same procedures as used to manufacture circuit board assemblies in such products as television sets. This process required several steps, including photo-resist coating a copper-clad sheet of phenolic or other suitable base material and thereafter chemically removing (e.g., etching) the undesired copper. This component was then thoroughly cleaned and coated with a protective film.
The aforementioned techniques and resulting products contain several disadvantages. Silk-screening, for example, requires utilization of pastes which in turn are comprised of discrete silver particles located therein and separated by a binder. Although these pastes are eventually subject to some form of heat treatment to hopefully fuse said particles, the finished circuitry understandably is limited in its conductivity (and thus possesses an inherently higher resistance) in comparison to conductors presented in a solid state. Silk-screened circuitry is also susceptible to containment of discontinuities as might result from dust or lint interference during the screening operation. The presence of a screened silver layer also poses a problem when the chosen method for securing the device's flashlamps to a circuitry is soldering. Occasionally, the silver layer has prevented proper wetting down during this process. Still another inherent problem with silk-screening conductive circuitry is the ready opportunity for dimensional impreciseness due to the horizontal flow (beneath the screen) as the paste is forced through the screen's pattern. In addition, occasional smearing of the circuit run is practically unavoidable. The latter problems are particularly troublesome to devices employing high voltage flashlamps in that sparkover can then occur between the circuit's elements, resulting in either product failure or simultaneous flashing of two or more lamps. A final disadvantage of the above processes is the relatively high cost associated threwith. Techniques using photo-resist coating, development, and subsequent chemical removal are understandably costly in terms of both time and material. Silk-screening is also understandably costly, particularly as a result of using the precious metal silver and the relatively rapid wear of the screen materials typically used in this process.
The present invention overcomes the several, aforementioned disadvantages by employing the technique of die-stamping to thus accurately define and position a conductive circuit on an insulative substrate without the need for photo-resists, chemical echtants, precious metals, etc. In addition to this, and of equal or greater significance, this technique as utilized in the present invention defines a procedure whereby the device's circuit runs (or paths) can be satisfactorily positioned and electrically connected to other elements which also constitute part of the device's circuitry. One primary example of such an element as utilized in today's more recent products is a radiation sensitive switch which is usually electrically connected in series with a respective flashlamp and adapted for receiving the radiant energy from the lamp upon ignition thereof. The switch will thus melt or shrink to define an open circuit almost instantaneously after flashlamp ignition and thereby permit reliable flashing of the subsequent lamps in the device's array in rapid succession. An example of a radiation sensitive switch is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,017,728 (E. G. Audesse et al), which is also assigned to the assignee of the present invention. As described therein, these switches are each typically comprised of a thin strip of polymeric material attached to the circuit board across a respective aperture provided therein. A typical ten-lamp array will include eight switches of this variety in view of the obvious understanding that the last fired lamp on each end of the array has no need for such an element. It is understood that the relatively delicate nature of such elements as radiation sensitive switches does not readily permit electrical connection thereto by a technique as relatively severe and demanding as die-stamping. Die-stamping has been utilized in the production of printed circuit components for use in products other than photoflash devices but only because such components (and therefore products) did not require such delicate elements as radiation sensitive switches therein. Typically, these products consisted of only a base or substrate, a solid metal conductor (e.g., copper foil), and a bonding adhesive. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,911,716 (W. Weglin) and 3,990,142 (W. Weglin). The invention as will be described is thus deemed all the more unique and significant in that it not only assures positive electrical connection between the component's circuit runs and delicate switch elements but also provides for definition and securement of the circuit runs to the insulative substrate which forms an integral part of the final products.
There is described in a copending application filed concurrently herewith under Ser. No. 131,711 filed 3-19-1980 a photoflash device circuit board assembly and method of making same wherein die-stamping is utilized to secure a conductor within a dielectric substrate atop and in electrical contact with a switch member of the aforedescribed variety. Both conductor and parts of the switch are simultaneously die-stamped into the substrate in such a fashion so as to prohibit deformation of severance of the delicate switch. Control of certain parameters (e.g., materials hardness and thickness) is critical to achieve these results. In another copending application filed Ser. No. 131,610 filed 3-19-1980, there is described an alternative means to that of Ser. No. 131,711 for assuring conductor and switch securement and connection within a dielectric substrate without deforming or severing the delicate switch element. In Ser. No. 131,610, the substrate is recessed beneath the area of die impact to permit substrate flexure. Parameter control is important here also but somewhat less critical than in the procedure defined in Ser. No. 131,711. As will be understood from the following description, the present invention differs substantially from the techniques and components of the aforementioned applications by defining a circuit board assembly and method of making same wherein some deformation or severance to the switch occurs but not to an extent that the operational capability thereof is adversely affected. By the term deformation is meant the occurrance of a substantial indentation to or compression of the original thickness of the switch. Illustrated examples are provided below. By the term severance is meant that the die-stamping procedure results in a cutting through of the total thickness of the switch by the die member. This may occur only at certain locations within the member or across the entire width thereof. Accordingly, it is possible using the teachings of the instant invention to manufacture a circuit board assembly using die-stamping but without the critical attention to parameter criteria deemed essential above.
It is believed therefore that a technique for manufacturing circuit board assemblies possessing the above capabilities and the products resulting therefrom will constitute significant advancements in the art.
It is, therefore, a primary object of the present invention to enhance the art of manufacturing circuit board assemblies for use in electrically activated photoflash products.
It is another object of the invention to provide a circuit board assembly for use in said products.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of making a circuit board assembly comprising the steps of: (1) positioning a dielectric substrate on a base; (2) locating at least one switching element on the substrate; (3) orienting a conductive strip over both substrate and element; (4) engaging the strip with a die member to press portions of both the conductive stip and the switching element into the substrate to effect electrical contact between the pressed strip and element with minor deformation or severance of the element; and (5) removing the remaining, unpressed portions of the strip from the substrate.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention there is provided a circuit board assembly which comprises a dielectric substrate, at least one switching element having a portion thereof pressed within the substrate, and a conductive member also pressed within the substrate. At least part of the conductive member is positioned atop the pressed portion of the switching element and in electrical contact therewith. A relief means is provided in the dielectric substrate to permit a segment of the switch portion being pressed within the substrate to be positioned therein and/or aligned therewith such that the segment is not deformed or severed during the pressing.
FIG. 1 is a partial elevational view, in section, of a photoflash device incorporating therein a circuit board assembly manufactured in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 2 and 3 are partial elevational views, in section, of the preliminary steps of the method of the invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged, partial isometric view, partly in section, illustrating one of the preferred means of die-stamping a conductive member and part of a switching element within a dielectric substrate;
FIG. 5 is a partial elevational view, in section, showing the die of FIG. 4 at its full depth within the dielectric substrate of the invention;
FIG. 6 represents an enlarged partial isometric view, partly in section, of the conductive member and switching element as die-stamped in accordance with the teachings of the method of the invention;
FIG. 7 illustrates a circuit board assembly wherein the assembly's dielectric substrate contains a pair of spaced relief means in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 8 and 9 are partial elevational views showing the relative positions of the dielectric substrate, switching element, and conductor member before and after the die-stamping of the element and conductor within the substrate; and
FIG. 10 is a partial elevational view, in section and as taken along the line 10--10 in FIG. 9, showing the final position of the pressed switching element and conductor within the invention's dielectric substrate.
For a better understanding of the present invention together with other and further objects, advantages and capabilities thereof, reference is made to the following disclosure and appended claims in connection with the above described drawings.
With particular reference to FIG. 1, there is illustrated a partial elevational view of an electrically-activated photoflash device 20 incorporating a circuit board assembly 23 manufactured in accordance with the unique principles of the instant invention. Device 20, like many of the photoflash devices described above, includes a plastic housing with rear and forward members 27 and 29, respectively. These two members may be secured together, e.g., using cement, or it is also possible to produce the entire housing from a single member of such material. Forward member 29 is light-transmitting to permit light emitted from each of the several flashlamps 31 (only one shown) to pass therethrough upon lamp ignition. Ignition is achieved when the device's end connector tab or tabs (not shown) are inserted within the socket of the camera used therewith and the camera's shutter release button activated. A suitable firing pulse is produced by the camera's power source (e.g., piezoelectric element) and passed to the respective lamp 31 via the connection provided at the connector tab. This pulse travels up through the device's circuitry 33 which forms part of assembly 23. As shown in FIG. 1, the two conductive lead-in wires 35 (only one shown) of lamp 31 are connected to circuitry 33, said means of connection accomplished by such methods as soldering or crimping (e.g., using metal eyelets). The lead-in wires may also be frictionally retained within slots or grooves within the assembly's dielectric substrate 36. Photoflash devices of this type also typically include a reflector 37 for promoting forward light output. Reflector 37 is preferably of aluminum-coated plastic and located immediately behind lamp 31. Device 10 may further include a sheet of flash-indicating material 39 (e.g., biaxially oriented polypropylene) which shrinks or melts when subjected to heat from lamp 31 through a pair of aligned apertures with reflector 37 and the substrate component 36 to thereby change the color viewable through the openings 41 (one shown) provided in an indicia sheet 43 (also optional). A user of the device is thus provided with a ready means of ascertaining whether or not a particular lamp or group of lamps has been flashed. Understandably, rear member 27 of the device's housing is also light-transmitting to permit viewing in the manner defined. Sheet 43 may be of paper or thin cardboard.
As stated, photoflash devices containing the above components (excluding of course a circuit board assembly produced in accordance with the teachings of the invention) are known in the art with examples of such being described in detail, for example, in the aforementioned patents. As also stated, it is further known in the art to incorporate radiation sensitive switches as an important element of such devices. Reference is again directed to assignee's U.S. Pat. No. 4,017,728. These elements, represented generaly as numeral 45 in FIG. 1, are also referred to in the art as radiant-energy-activated switches, quick-disconnect switches, etc., and typically comprise a length (strip) of electrically conductive, heat shrinkable polymeric material attached to the device's board member across a respective aperture 49 (see below). The switch being attached at its ends, the midportion thereof is thus spatially suspended to avoid physical contact with the heat-absorbing surfaces of the circuit board. This arrangement maximizes the speed with which shrinking and separation of the midportion occurs upon receipt of heat from adjacent lamp 31. As shown, lamp 31 and switch 45 are electrically connected in series to assure proper connection between the aforedescribed power source and remaining, unfired lamps which also form part of device 20. This mode of operation is fully described in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 4,017,728 and further detail is not believed necessary.
Switch 45 comprises a thin strip of plastic preferably fabricated from a mono- or biaxially oriented polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyester, or nylon. The polymeric material itself may be rendered conductive by additivies such as carbons or it may be made surface conductive by deposition of a suitable conductive layer (e.g., aluminum) thereon. The performance of highly reflective materials, such as aluminized polypropylene, can be enhanced by applying a coating or spot (not shown) of dark, light-absorbing material (e.g., ink) on the surface of the switch which faces lamp 31.
As understood from the foregoing, it is essential that the opposing ends of switch 45 not only be properly secured to the board or substrate member 36 but also must be electrically connected to respective, designated portions of circuit 33. When using the aforementioned technique of silk-screening, this electrical connection was achieved by carrying the circuit pattern over the ends of the switch's strip. This procedure thus resulted in additional use of the expensive, silver-containing conductive material, yet another disadvantage added to the several cited above. In some prior devices, switch 45 was secured to board 36 using an adhesive tape with pressure thereafter applied to hopefully provide securement. This procedure alone did not prove altogether satisfactory, however, in that the strip was occasionally removed from the board during subsequent processes to which this product was subjected.
In accordance with the teachings of the present invention, switching element 45 and the conductive members 33 which form part of the overall circuitry for the finished circuit board assembly 23 are secured positioned on the assembly's dielectric substrate 36 using a die-stamping process. As stated, this process differs from that defined in copending applications under Ser. No. 131,711 and Ser. No. 131,610 by permitting deformation or severance of parts of the switch 45 but not to an extent that this component is rendered inoperative. The unique result of this process is that the conductive members and switching element are positively secured within the substate and also electrically connected. In addition, parameters such as material hardness and thickness, deemed critical in the above applications, do not require absolute compliance thereto.
With particular reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, there are shown the initial steps in manufacturing a circuit board assembly in accordance with the principles of the present invention. In FIG. 2, switching element 45, preferably comprises of the positioned Mylar having a conductive (aluminum) layer thereon, is positioned above substrate 36 so as to align with a cylindrical-shaped aperture 49 within the substrate. The aluminum conductive layer (not shown) is understandably located on the upper surface of the Mylar. Aperture 49 in the finished product (device 20) permits radiant energy from flashlamp 31 to pass therethrough to the aforedescribed indicia sheet 43. Aperture 49 also serves to assure that a major portion of element 45 will not physically contact the upper surface of substrate 36. Such a surface, being heat-absorbing, could serve to reduce the operational effectiveness of element 45 during exposure thereof to the intense energy from flashlamp 31. Accordingly, element 45 is located on substrate 36 so as to bridge aperture 49 (See also FIGS. 4 and 7). Initial attachment of element 45 is achieved by providing a quantity of adhesive 51 at both ends of the striplike element. Adhesive 51, preferably of the pressure-sensitive variety, may be applied using any of the techniques well known in the art. The element 45 and adhesive are located on substrate 36 and a suitable pressure (sufficient to activate adhesive 51 and form a bond between the substrate and element at these locations) is applied downwardly on the element's upper surface. A roller or similar member can be used as the pressure applicator.
In FIG. 3, the combined substrate and element members are shown as being positioned on a base or platen 53 which forms part of the larger die-stamping machine. Base 53 preferably includes a recessed portion or cavity (not shown) therein to better retain substrate 36, with the substrate being positioned within said cavity. A thin strip of conductive material 55 is then oriented above the substrate in the manner shown in FIG. 3, and is then lowered to substantially cover both substrate and switching element. Material 55 is dead soft aluminum, having a thickness of about 0.002 inch. Once in position, the aluminum strip is engaged by two dies 57 and 57' which each are secured or form part of an upper platen 59 of the machine. Platen 59 and dies 57 and 57' are preferably both comprised of steel (e.g., low carbon). The upper platen is lowered mechanically to effect said engagement with the positioned strip 55. Downward force is further applied by dies 57 and 57' until preselected portions 61 (FIGS. 5 and 6) of strip 55 and switching element 45 are pressed an established distance into the substrate (FIG. 5). A total force within the range of about 250 to 350 pounds per linear inch of cutting edge (of dies 57, 57') is applied using the materials and thicknesses described herein. The dielectric substrate, having a preferred thickness of about 0.043 inch, is embedded a depth of about 0.004 inch at its deepest location (immediately below the outer parallel cutting edges 63 of each die). Both end portions of the striplike switching element 45 are thus positively secured within substate 36 on opposing sides of aperture 49. Element 45 possesses an original thickness of about 0.0005 inch to about 0.001 inch.
As stated, the selection of materials (having the proper ratios of thickness and hardness), die pressures, and die temperatures (if adhesives of the variety described herein are to be used) is not deemed as critical in the present invention in comparison to the teachings Ser. No. 131,711 and Ser. No. 131,610 because the invention permits partial deformation and/or severance to preestablished sections of the switch during the die-stamping procedure, but does not permit total severance thereof. Understandably, complete (or total) severance of the switch (across the entire width thereof) at the location of deepest die penetration could easily result in the switch being inoperative. The present invention thus permits use of substrate materials possessing a greater hardness (including at the initial stages of die-stamping) than switch 45. For example, it is possible, using the teachings herein, to utilize the thermosetting resin phenolic for substrate 36. In addition to the above, significant advantages, it will be shown and described that the partial deformation of portions of switch 45 also serves to enhance switch securement to substrate 36 by permitting deeper penetration within the substrate by said deformed portions than is possible in the mentioned copending applications. This occurs, of course, in situations where the substrate's material is tolerant of such penetration, such as in the case where the polystyrenes are employed. Still further, the invention also provides for partial deformation of predetermined parts of the uncut sections of strip 55 to thus facilitate eventual removal of the unpressed portions of the strip.
In FIGS. 4-6, there is illustrated the further steps of the method of the invention wherein it is assured that complete severance of switch 45 at the location of die-stamping will not occur. More specifically, in FIG. 4 the parallel cutting edge 53 of the die 57' is shown as including a pair of stepped (recessed) portions 65 therein which align with preselected areas "A" on the upper surface of the portion of siwtch 45 destined to be pressed within substrate 36. Accordingly, areas "A" will not be deformed or severed during pressing of switch 45 and the preselected portions 61 of aluminum strip 55 (shown in phantom in FIG. 4) within the substrate. Pressing is shown in FIG. 5 with the final configuration for assembly 23 depicted in FIG. 6. When a dinking depth of 0.004 inch is used and switch 45 has thickness of about 0.001 inch, each step 65 has a depth ("D") of between0.0005 inch and 0.0015 inch. Additionally, each step preferably has a width ("W") of about 0.017 inch to about 0.020 inch when cutting a switch having an overall width (at the location of engagement by edge 63) of about 0.055 inc. Using two steps 65 thus assures that from about 0.034 inch to about 0.040 inch of the total width of switch 45 will remain nondeformed or nonsevered. As will be shown below, the remaining parts of the switch (those below the areas immediately adjacent area "A") will be either deformed or completely severed. For purposes of clarity, these latter areas are referred to by the letter "B" in FIGS. 4 and 6. It is preferred that only one of the parallel cutting edges 63 of each die be provided with a pair of steps 65. Preferably a total of two steps per edge is employed but this number can vary, provided the above percentages of nondeformed areas remain approximately the same. In one embodiment of the invention, only a single step 65 was used per edge, said step having an overall width "W" of about 0.034 inch to about 0.640 inch and depth "D" of about 0.001 inch.
The deformation of areas (or parts) "B" is better illustrated in FIG. 6. It can be clearly seen therein that the deeper penetrating portions "P" of edge 63 (FIG. 4) which align with areas "B" serve to deform the switch's upper surface at these locations and cause a permanent indentation therein. It is also shown that these parts of switch 45 more deeply penetrate substrate 36 than the remainder of the switch, thus enhancing securement of the switch within the substrate.
As stated, conductive member 61 is both positioned atop switch 45 and also in electrical contact therewith. Contact is formed primarily at two locations, the first being at the extreme, substantially flattened or tapered edges 71 of the conductive member defined by portion 61, and the second along the common arcuate surface (boundary) 73 between portion 61 and element 45. As shown, the conductive member is also of substantially arcuate configuration with ends 71 substantially tapered by the die-stamping procedure. This final configuration is due to the greater forces exerted along the outer, deeper penetrating parallel edges 63 of the die in comparison to forces extered at its more recessed portions. It is shown that only part of conductive member 61 lies atop and physically engages the embedded portion of switch 45. This part is deemed of sufficient size, however, to achieve the contact required. The overlapping part also serves to assist in retention of the embedded portion of the switch. The use of parallel cutting edges 63 understandably permits some parts of strip 55 to remain attached to portion(s) 61 after stamping, if desired. These parts, e.g., 80 in FIG. 1, are also die-stamped within substrate 47 by the apparatus defined herein and will constitute the remaining section of circuit 33. Parts 80 are not shown in the remaining FIGURES of the drawings for clarification purposes. As to those sections of strip 55 which are not die-stamped within substrate 36, however, removal is necessary. In the case of the pressed conductive material constituting member 61, separation of the non-pressed remainder (not shown) of strip 55 understandably occurs along the edges 81 of those parts of the conductor located immediately above non-deformed areas "A" of switch 45. Removal was possible by manually lifting the non-pressed aluminum, causing it to tear along edges 81. this removal can be facilitated by adjusting the depth "D" of steps 65 such that those regions of the aluminum immediately above areas "A" are deformed or if desired, even completely severed, thus eliminating the need for the aforementioned tearing.
In FIGS. 7-10, there is shown an alternative method of making a circuit board assembly wherein total severance of the assembly's delicate switching element 45 is prevented. With particular reference to FIG. 7, relief means 85, each in the form of a slot 87, are provided within dielectric substrate 37 on opposite sides of aperture 49 and having access thereto. Each slot preferably extends through the entire thickness of substrate 36 to the bottom surface thereof. The Mylar switch 45 (shown in phantom in FIG. 7) is aligned over aperture 49 and slots 87 in the manner depicted in FIG. 7). Specifically, slots 87 are located under the end portions of the switch which are to be die-stamped within substrate 36 such that those segments (defined by dimensions "S" in FIG. 8) of these end portions which are aligned with the respective slots cannot be severed by the cutting edge 63' of die 57" which effects the stamping. Edge 63', unlike edge 63 in the above embodiment, is planar and absent any steps or similar irregularities therein. The location of engagement with switch 45 by the parallel, planar cutting edges 63' are represented in FIG. 7 by the dashed lines 63'--63'. Clearly, theses edges align with slots 87.
When employing a switch 45 having an overall width of 0.055 inch, each slot 87 in turn possesses a width (dimension "SW") of only about 0.015 inch. Therefore, the non-aligned parts of switch 45 (those outside dimension "S") are either deformed or severed by edge 63'. As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, deformation occurs in these locations and results in a reduction in thickness to switch 45 therein. The segment protected by slot 87 substantially retains its original thickness. As in the above, prior embodiment, those deformed portions of switch 45 become at least partially embedded within substrate 36 (see FIG. 9) to thus enhance switch attachment thereto in a manner similar to that described above. It is also shown in FIG. 9 that at least a portion of the protected segment becomes positioned within slot 87 and remains so in the finished component. This feature even further enhances switch attachment over techniques such as described in Ser. No. 131,711 and Ser. No. 131,610.
With particular reference to FIG. 10, it can be seen that a part (91) of strip 55 which is also aligned with slot 87 during the die-stamping process is prevented from being completely severed by the die's cutting edge. Separation of the non-pressed aluminum strip is readily possible here also by simply tearing the strip along an edge of this part. It is also possible in this embodiment of the invention to facilitate such removal by adjusting the depth of slot 87 such that this part is deformed by the die's cutting edge. It is further within the scope of the invention to sever part 91 and eliminate the need for tearing altogether, for example, by using a harder switch material and softer substrate. With added regard to FIG. 10, the remaining, pressed portion 61 of the strip 55 assures the arcuate shape similar to that in FIG. 5. It is also fully understood that in the embodiment of FIGS. 7-10 that each pressed end portion of switch 45 will have a conductive member 61 located thereon (as in FIG. 5) and in electrical contact therewith. Thus, two opposed portions of switch 45 are secured within substrate 36 on opposite sides of aperture 49 to assure bridging thereof. And in each instance a segment of each portion is protected against severance by a relief means 85 provided within the substate.
Much of the adhesive (51) which was originally applied to the bottoms of the ends of switch 45 pressed within substrate 47 will be forced out from under the switch during both of the above operations, but some (not shown) will remain to assist in retention. That adhesive material which is forced (or squeezed) out may settle within the recess 93 (FIG. 5) located under the non-covering portion of member 61. Thus, switch 45 provides a relief for this adhesive in the manner illustrated in FIG. 5.
As aslo shown in FIG. 3, another adhesive 95 can be applied to the bottom of aluminum strip 55. The preferred adhesive is of the heat sensitive variety (several of which are well known in the art) and preferably possesses a quick reaction time. It can be applied directly to the bottom of strip 55 during manufacture thereof or can be provided in separate, sheet form. Adhesive 95 has a thickness of about 0.0007 inch, and is activated during the die-stamping process by heating each of the top dies 57 and 57'. Preferred temperatures were within the range of about 325 to 400 degrees Farenheit. The bottom or base member 53 need not be heated. In the stamping operation, the adhesive engaging the common surface 73 will be substantially squeezed out into recess 93, thus further assuring the described positive contact along this surface. It was found, however, that even if adhesive was to remain at this location, adequate electrical contact was still attained. Subsequent to both of the aforedefined stamping procedures, the upper platen 59 is withdrawn (e.g., to the original elevation shown in FIG. 3) and the remaining, non-stamped part of aluminum strip 55 removed. Removal may be accomplished by hand, as described, or a suitable stripping tool (e.g., roller).
As an optional step, it may be desirable to engage predetermined (e.g., the uppermost) portions of the defined, stamped conductive member 61 with a heated die 97 (shown in phantom in FIG. 10) in the event that the heat sensitive adhesive located immediately under these portions was not fully exposed to the elevated temperatures of dies 57 and 57'. It is understood that this is but an optional step and may only be desired for portions of the circuit board assembly's circitry which will be subjected to great stress (e.g., insertion forces encountered during positioning of the finished devices 20 within the socket of a respective camera). Die 77 would be heated to a temperature substantially the same for that of dies 57, 57', should this step be used.
Thus there has been shown and described a new and unique circuit board assembly for use in a photoflash device. In addition, there has been shown and described a new and unique method for making said assembly. It is understood from the foregoing description that the invention as described herein possesses all the significant advantages cited above.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the preferred embodiments of the invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
|Zitiertes Patent
|23. Okt. 1973
|31. Dez. 1974
|Gte Sylvania Inc
|Photoflash lamp array having support structure on base
|2. Okt. 1973
|14. Okt. 1975
|Jerobee Ind Inc
|Circuit board, method of making the circuit board and improved die for making said board
|17. Juli 1975
|9. Nov. 1976
|Jerobee Industries, Inc.
|Circuit board, method of making the circuit board and improved die for making said board
|17. Sept. 1975
|12. Apr. 1977
|Gte Sylvania Incorporated
|Multilamp photoflash unit having radiant-energy-activated quick-disconnect switch
|20. Sept. 1976
|12. Sept. 1978
|Gte Sylvania Incorporated
|Multilamp photoflash unit with static grounding system
|19. Dez. 1977
|1. Mai 1979
|Gte Sylvania Incorporated
|Photoflash unit with secured insulator
|7. Okt. 1977
|7. Aug. 1979
|Gte Sylvania Incorporated
|Multilamp photoflash unit
|Zitiert von Patent
|17. Okt. 1983
|14. Mai 1985
|Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
|Method of making radio frequency interference suppressing ignition distributor rotor
|14. Okt. 1987
|27. Dez. 1988
|Peter Pelz
|Process for the production of a veneer workpiece with cutout, as well as pressure punching tool for performing the same
|3. Sept. 1981
|19. Juni 1990
|Gte Products Corporation
|Photoflash array quick-cure laminating process
|29. Jan. 1992
|11. Jan. 1994
|Sotaro Tsuda
|Laminated veneer lumber and decorative laminated sheet utilizing the same
|3. Nov. 1992
|8. Febr. 1994
|Jurisich Peter L
|Method of producing a printed circuit board having a conductive pattern thereon
|17. März 1993
|2. Mai 1995
|National Semiconductor Corporation
|Method of making electrostatic switches for integrated circuits
|6. Juni 1995
|2. Sept. 1997
|Tsuda; Sotaro
|Method of manufacturing laminated veneer lumber and decorative laminated sheet utilizing the same
|7. Juni 1995
|9. Juni 1998
|The Dexter Corporation
|Method for making a conductive film composite
|17. Aug. 1995
|4. Aug. 1998
|Tessera, Inc.
|Methods of making semiconductor connection components with releasable load support
|23. Juli 1993
|29. Juni 1999
|Tessera, Inc.
|Method of making connections to a semiconductor chip assembly
|7. Apr. 1998
|2. Nov. 1999
|Tessera, Inc.
|Semiconductor connection components and methods with releasable lead support
|15. März 1999
|25. Apr. 2000
|Tessera, Inc.
|Connection components with frangible leads and bus
|24. Mai 1999
|14. Aug. 2001
|Tessera, Inc.
|Semiconductor connection components and methods with releasable lead support
|18. Sept. 1996
|11. Dez. 2001
|Tessera, Inc.
|Microelectronic lead structures with dielectric layers
|13. Aug. 1996
|19. März 2002
|Tessera, Inc.
|Mounting component with leads having polymeric strips
|18. Juni 2004
|3. Mai 2005
|Tessera, Inc.
|Connection components with frangible leads and bus
|4. Dez. 2003
|20. Febr. 2007
|Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd.
|Process for producing a collapsed filled via hole
|5. Juni 2002
|17. Okt. 2002
|Tessera, Inc.
|P-connection components with frangible leads and bus
|4. Dez. 2003
|17. Juni 2004
|Toshiyuki Nakamura
|Process for producing a printed wiring board-forming sheet and multi-layered printed wiring board
|7. Juni 1996
|19. Dez. 1996
|The Dexter Corporation
|Method for making a conductive film composite
|29/832, 156/251, 29/845, 29/622, 156/261
|Internationale Klassifikation
|Europäische Klassifikation
|8. Febr. 1993
Owner name: FLOWIL INTERNATIONAL (HOLDING) B.V., NETHERLANDS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:GTE PRODUCTS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:006394/0987
Effective date: 19930129
|19. Febr. 1993
Owner name: GTE PRODUCTS CORPORATION, MASSACHUSETTS
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:GTE SYLVANIA INCORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:006412/0963
Effective date: 19800109


text:
Wire, vertical jumpers aim to extend functionality of select terminal blocks
New jumpers provide horizontal and vertical potential commoning for WAGO Corporation's Double-Deck TOPJOB S 2000 Series and X-COM S MINI 2020 Series DIN-rail terminal blocks. Users can vertically common both levels of a double-deck terminal block or multiply potential over several adjacent DIN-rail terminal blocks. This can extend the functionality of select terminal blocks to help streamline BOMs, stock and designs. The Vertical Jumper carries a 13.5-A/500-V rating. The push-in wire jumpers feature a 9-A/800-V rating (AWG 18) and are offered in 60-mm, 110-mm and 250-mm lengths to meet varying requirements. The new jumpers join the growing TOPJOB S portfolio of commoning options, including adjacent Jumpers for continuous commoning of one potential in a single jumper slot; push-in Jumper bars for standard connection of different DIN-rail terminal blocks; staggered Jumpers for commoning different potentials in a single jumper slot; and step-down Jumpers for combining different cross sections.
WAGO Corporation, www.wago.us


text:
JOHANNESBURG, South Africa, Jan. 2 (UPI) -- U.S. talk show host Oprah Winfrey kept a 6-year-old promise Tuesday and opened a school for impoverished South African girls south of Johannesburg.
In 2000, Winfrey pledged $10 million for the facility for 150 girls to former President Nelson Mandela, but has since spent $40 million on the school in Henry-on-Klip, southwest of the capital, South Africa's Independent Online reported. The school will eventually have 450 students, the BBC said.
Mandela attended the opening, along with singers Tina Turner and Mariah Carey, as well as actors Sidney Poitier, Chris Tucker and director Spike Lee.
The school sits on 50 acres, and has 28 buildings that house hi-tech classrooms, computers and science laboratories, the BBC said.
Winfrey reportedly personally interviewed many of the 3,500 applicants from families whose incomes are less than $700 per month, the report said.
The school will open for classes on Friday.


text:
Evgeni Malkin didn't have to say very much during these playoffs to make a statement.
The reluctant superstar put together the most productive spring in more than a decade, racking up a playoff-best 36 points and helping lead the Pittsburgh Penguins to the Stanley Cup.
That helped earn Malkin the Conn Smythe Trophy on Friday night, making him the first Russian ever to be named playoff MVP. In fact, he's just the third European following Henrik Zetterberg last year and Nicklas Lidstrom in 2002.
One year after fading in the playoffs, Malkin was at his best in the final two rounds.
He had eight goals and 17 points over the final 11 games as the Penguins swept the Carolina Hurricanes in the Eastern Conference final before beating the Detroit Red Wings in a seven-game Stanley Cup thriller.
As a result, he fulfilled his dream of having a picture taken with Sidney Crosby and the NHL's championship trophy - a photo similar to the one featuring Mario Lemieux and Jaromir Jagr from the franchise's last championship in 1992.
"I think about it a lot, especially these last (two) weeks," he said before Game 7. "It's my dream. Me and Sid, just like that."
Any way you look at it, Malkin had a stellar season.
He's the first player since Lemieux in 1992 to take home both the regular season and playoff scoring titles. He's also a finalist for the Hart Trophy at next week's awards show in Las Vegas.
Essentially, the only thing keeping him from being a bigger star is his reluctance to conduct interviews in English.
Malkin only came to the podium for one interview session during the Stanley Cup final, but he made a lasting impression during that visit. Sitting alongside linemate Max Talbot, he joked that his teammate had "bad hands" and could only score into empty nets. The room erupted in laughter.
In fitting fashion, it was Talbot's two goals that lifted the Penguins to victory.
On the ice, Malkin was just as impressive. He had two hat tricks during this playoff run and scored arguably the nicest goal this spring, coming out from behind the net and backhanding a shot over Cam Ward's shoulder in the third round.
The praise for his strong finish provides a stark contrast to the criticism he received at the end of last season. He was a ghost in the final two rounds then, registering just five points over the final 10 games.
Teammates saw a big difference this time around.
"I think people lose sight of how young some of these guys are on the team," said Penguins defenceman Brooks Orpik. "Like him (Malkin), Jordan (Staal), Sid. They're still so young. So much pressure is put on these guys.
"It was (Malkin's) first time playing that long. I don't think his body was really physically ready for it. I think he's done a lot better job off the ice preparing his body for this time of the year."
Needless to say, the preparation paid off.
Malkin had the most points in any playoff season since Wayne Gretzky put up 40 in 1993.
Max Talbot scored two goals and the Pittsburgh Penguins overcame an injury in the second period to captain Sidney Crosby to defeat the Detroit Red Wings 2-1 in a gripping Game 7 to win the Stanley Cup on Friday night.


text:
August 19, 2004 - Alien 2 was a big hit back in 1986, and Sega, great decision makers that they were back then, decided to capitalize on the movie with Alien Syndrome. Released to the System 16 arcade board in 1987, this quarter-view action title featured aliens and lots of overhead blasting, and was sure to draw quarters at the arcades.
Now Playing in Japan
August 3, 2004 - Are you a big import gamer? Did you buy both versions of Mega Man X: Command Mission and all three versions of Digimon Battle Chronicle? Do you get irritated when people make obscene jokes with the "F" in F ~ Fanatic ~? Then you've followed the right link! This weekly section on IGN will keep you up to date on what games were released over the previous week in Japan. If you want to keep up to date on the import scene, be sure and check back every week.
Sega Ages Website Opens
June 17, 2003 - 3D Ages, the company formed by Sega and D3 Publisher to release titles in the Sega Ages series of classic remakes to the Japanese market has opened up a website.
Classic Sega Titles Remade on PS2
December 3, 2002 - At a press conference in Tokyo today, Sega and D3 Publisher announced the Sega Ages series of budget titles for the Japanese market. Set to be published by the newly established 3D-Ages company (given birth in October by Sega and D3), this series brings classic Sega titles to new life on next generation consoles at 2500 yen a piece.
September 30, 2002 - Sega of Japan today announced the formation of a new joint venture with D3 Publisher, the Japanese company responsible for the popular Simple 1500 and Simple 2000 series of budget software for PlayStation and PlayStation 2. The new company, owned in nearly equal parts by the Sega and D3P (although Sega holds a 51% controlling interest) plans to re-release games in the existing Sega software library as low-price titles for PlayStation 2, and release some of D3P's Simple 2000 games overseas (i.e., in the United States and Europe).


text:
Windows 8 Pro Upgrade Price to Rise to $200 Starting Feb. 1
The Windows 8 Pro upgrade price will rise from $40 to $200 starting Feb. 1. Microsoft announced its decision to raise the price on the software upgrade on Jan. 18.
Many Windows fans thought the $40 upgrade fee would remain indefinitely; however, Microsoft crushed that idea earlier this month confirming the price hike for after Jan. 31.
The company currently allows Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7 users to upgrade to Windows 8 Pro for a $40 fee. Once the price is raised, those same Windows customers will have to pay $120 for Windows 8, and $200 for Windows 8 Pro.
Testers working with Windows 8 preview builds have also had the option of upgrading throughout this period. Those preview builds include Developer Preview, Consumer Preview, and Release Preview. All of these expired earlier this week.
After they expired, users with those builds saw that their Window 8 restarted every hour and it will continue to do so "until they've installed a released (RTM) version of Windows," according to a Microsoft representative.
Users choosing to upgrade from Windows 7 to Windows 8 can do so at this point while maintaining all of their exiting Windows settings, personal files, and applications.
Users can update to Windows 8 Pro from other builds of 7 including Windows 7 Home Basic, Windows 7 Home Premium, Windows 7 Professional and Windows 7 Ultimate. They can do so without making any changes to their settings and applications.
Windows Vista users also have the option to upgrade to Windows 8 Pro without any of their personal data or system settings being altered.
Windows 8 launched towards the end of last year and comes pre-installed on various desktop computers, laptops and tablets. The OS is specifically made for touch-screen devices.


text:
I love yuzu. I really do. When I noticed Mariage Freres had a yuzu flavoured green tea, I just had to go for it. However, I remained a little disappointed. Sure, it's good. Sure, it tastes of yuzu, but it's just not that evocative for me. Would rather go for a non flavoured green tea like Fuji Yama for example. NOt bad, just not anything spectacular.
Flavors: Lemon Zest


text:
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text:
You are here
Roy Smith: Want to buy some hay?
The primary crops on my small, retirement farming operation are soybeans and corn. There are also three small fields around the farmstead that were pastures when I raised livestock. Since I quit feeding cattle these fields have been used for raising brome grass. Because I no longer have hay making equipment, my neighbor who is in the hay business takes care of the crop from those ten acres. We split the crop half and half, with him selling the hay to his horse customers.
The normal practice is to top dress with 200 pounds of 45-0-0 around April 1 and harvest around July 1. This produces an abundance of grass and leaves time for the plants to build nutrients before winter. As a result I have a nearly weed free crop of small bales which are ideal for the horse owners in this bedroom community.
I always check with the neighbor before purchasing the fertilizer to make sure the agreement is going to continue. This morning was our regular farmer's breakfast meeting in town. My neighbor and I agreed to the usual arrangement for raising and harvesting the grass hay again this year. On the way home I stopped at the local elevator to order the fertilizer. I knew it would be expensive because the nitrogen for my corn crop cost 50 cents per pound when I purchased it in December.
The cost of the fertilizer is $595 per ton, or 66 cents per pound. Without the fertilizer, a brome crop is diminished dramatically. I could cut down on the rate. That would also cut down on the yield. I have always felt that nitrogen fertilizer on cool season grass was one of the best paying inputs on the farm. If nitrogen prices remain where they are, I may rethink that theory!
As long as my neighbor continues to have a good market for grass hay, I guess I will continue to produce it. Until 2007, I made more net profit from my 10 acres of brome than I did from grain crops. That was not the case in 2010. Whether those days of good profitability return will depend to a great extent on the price of nitrogen and whether the price of the hay can compete with soybeans and corn. As with soybeans and corn, I never know what the income per acre will be until the crop is grown, harvested and sold.
The relative profitability of the three crops also depends to a great extent on what grain prices do between now and harvest. At today's prices, it is difficult to see how the expensively produced grass could compete with a good corn crop. A lot can change before the crops are converted to cash. In the mean time, the current agreement allows me to keep the grass growing around the buildings without the hassle of shredding several times in the summer. This year will be a test case on whether a crop of grass can compete with the normal field crops for acres. I suspect that it will be competitive only in certain specific cases such as the one on my home farm.


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These rabid fans are not a small group either, in fact, just this week we released to our email subscribers, the RWE Quarterly Top 5 Tees and Top 5 Hoodies of the year (so far) and out of 10 items, Star Wars took 2! If you're curious, it was the Star Wars Le Force Baseball Jersey and the Star Wars Boba Fett Hoodie.
But to get back to getting some answers, we tried our best to solve the mystery of one of the greatest unanswered Star Wars questions of all time: What ever happened to Darth Vader at the end of Episode 4? How exactly did he manage to survive when it seemed impossible? So we contact a few folks from Lucasfilm as well as many of the current and past artists and writers of the Star Wars comic series. Well basically we contact every Star Wars insider we could find to get down to the bottom of this mystery.
Here's what we came up with, it looks like you may have to take these hypotheses and settle on your own conclusion:
We nay not have solved the mystery, but we sure had fun trying! Check out our huge selection of Official Star Wars merchandise, t shirts and collectibles (seriously, it's probably time you considered how sweet a Storm Trooper lamp might look in your living room!)


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Emerald Catron
Emerald Catron has written for Asylum, Lemondrop, MyDaily and Daily Fill. She is one half of rap duo Dem Shortybooz and is a comedic performer around NYC. Follow her on Twitter @emeraldcatron
It's kind of a wonder Bill Dance caught any fish at all. Dance, a Tennessee native, hosts his own fishing show, 'Bill Dance Outdoors,' and things are always going wrong.
Jimmy "Man Who Hates Kids" Kimmel once again asked parents to tell their children that all of their Halloween candy had been eaten. And film it.
If you don't want to mishear these songs for the rest of your life, you maybe shouldn't watch this video. It's all the best misheard lyrics, compiled into one NSFW video, a video that will destroy listening to the radio for the rest of your life...
There have been a lot of awful or inspiring stories coming out of Hurricane Sandy. This manages to be both. A man found a note in his house scrawled by a person who had taken a blanket to keep hypothermia at bay. The author of the note was sure he was dying.
Don't always believe everything Facebook tells you. If it was all true, do you have any idea how many dollars would've been donated to charity for liking that picture of a kitten? It can't be all true, and it's not. Here are some pictures of "Hurricane Sandy" circulating around that most certainly are NOT pictures of Hurricane Sandy. You're welcome.
In case you missed it -- there's a storm a-brewin'! Hurricane Sandy is lurching her way up the coast, heading for us all. Yesterday, the MTA announced it was shutting down trains in NYC at 7 pm and buses at 9pm. Here are some pictures from their official Flickr page taunting us with how delightfully empty all the stations are right now.
In the spirit of Halloween, here is a video of a man in zombie making driving through various fast-food restaurant drive-thrus and demanding chicken nuggets...
To celebrate the release of one of our favorite blogs-turned-books, 'Underwater Dogs,' here are some pictures that helped bring photographer Seth Casteel such great success. If you love them, you can find more in his book, which is available here and makes for much better conversation than your current coffee table book, 'Our Bodies, Ourselves.'
Nothing can right the wrong that's been done to these dogs. You can see it in their eyes. It's just like the time when you told the lady at Supercuts you wanted to look like Winona Ryder and wound up having to shave your head (not that we would know what that's like). But it's hilarious when it's happening to a dog instead of your 12-year-old self. Here are 18 dogs with unfortunate haircuts to chide for your personal pleasure.
It's funny because usually Ellen DeGeneres is the most friendly, least intimidating comedian we could think of ... and then she accidentally made Taylor Swift cry...
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Thursday, September 24, 1998 Published at 20:12 GMT 21:12 UK
Power line cancer claims 'alarmist'
Pollutants are said to be agitated by the cables
The electricity industry has hit back at claims that living near high-voltage power cables can cause cancer.
A team at Bristol University, led by Professor Denis Henshaw, unveiled its findings at a conference of international specialists in Bristol on Thursday
However, the claims were described as "alarmist speculation" by Dr John Swanson, a spokesman for the Electricity Association, the industry's trade group.
Many of the ideas in Professor Henshaw's research had been previously dismissed by the government's National Radiological Protection Board as "implausible and purely speculative".
"However, he has put forward some new ideas and it is for the science community to test these," Dr Swanson said.
"What we should not be doing is alarming people. It is wrong to cause anxiety and alarm.
"As a father with two young children I would have no qualms about living near a power line."
Dr David Jeffers, a spokesman for the National Grid, also doubted the Bristol research.
He said that other independent university researchers had tried and failed to replicate the team's results.
Increased exposure
Professor Henshaw said there were "mechanisms" which increased exposure to environmental pollutants near high-power sources.
"We believe that pollutants in the air, notably from car pollution, are actually agitated by the effects of the power lines," he said.
He said that this happens "in a way which leads to an increased exposure to individuals under power lines".
Leukaemia levels
Professor Henshaw denied there was a lack of evidence to back up his theories.
Professor Henshaw's team recently published results of experiments near a National Grid line in a farm field in South Gloucestershire, near Bristol.
The study concerned the attractive effect of the power cable on aerosols, airborne droplets carrying cancer-causing agents, viruses or bacteria.
Proximity affects risk
It showed an increased risk of exposure, the nearer a person moved towards the cable. The team said further research was needed to see if there was also an increased dosage risk.
The experiments were carried out in both summer and winter, but the results did not vary greatly despite the differing weather conditions.
The team suggested that the attractive effect on the aerosols may be the missing link between the cables and childhood cancers, such as leukaemia.
The Bristol conference closely follows a finding by the prestigious US National Institutes of Health that EM fields from power lines should be considered as possible causes of human cancer.
Health Contents
Background Briefings
Medical notes


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On the night President Bush got sick, I was in Washington. It is a city I seldom visit, but on that Saturday night I was staying in a hotel room, half- watching a television program and half-looking out the window at the Potomac River, when the TV show was interrupted by a bulletin.
Something about the president`s heart.
With the crisp efficiency that journalists learn to rely on at such times, the correspondents at the White House and at Bethesda Naval Hospital began to fill in the details. The president had been jogging at Camp David when he first felt weak; he had been helicoptered to the hospital; he would be staying at least overnight. Soon we knew the technical terms for what was happening to his heart; cardiologists filled the screens.


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Ron Hextall was promoted to general manager of the Philadelphia Flyers one year after returning to the organization as assistant GM. Current general manager Paul Holmgren was named team president.
"I'm extremely excited about this new opportunity to manage the Philadelphia Flyers," Hextall said. "I look forward to working closely with Paul in our new hockey structure and working towards our ultimate goal of winning the Stanley Cup."
Holmgren became general manager in 2006 -- replacing Bobby Clarke -- and said last week he hoped to remain in that role.
"Ron is one of the league's bright young stars on the management side, and we're very fortunate to have him," owner Ed Snider said, adding that Holmgren did an "outstanding job."


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2012-13 Boston Bruins Season Preview: Lots of promise without Thomas
Eric T.
August 21 2012 06:53PM
By goaliej54 [CC-BY-SA-2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
The Bruins enter 2012-13 season with largely the same roster for the third year in a row. There have been some small tweaks here and there, replacing Tomas Kaberle with Joe Corvo and letting Tyler Seguin grow into Mark Recchi's minutes, but the core has largely remained intact.
With one notable exception.
How critical has Tim Thomas been to their recent success? What should we expect from the team going forwards?
Nation Radio - August 18, 2012
August 21 2012 07:11AM
As the billionaires ready themselves to lock-out the millionaires over a few percentage points of total revenues, we here at Nation Radio nevertheless resolutely march on with continued hockey coverage. It may be mid-August and we may be talking about the same stuff in November because the powers-that-be are having their white collar slap fight, but what the hell...it's why we're all here right?
This week, Allan invited some tried and true guests like Corey Pronman, Jonathan Willis and Corey Graham to talk about Oilers prospects, other high-end kids and summer tournaments.
This is Nation Radio.
Toronto Maple Leafs 2012-13 annual: The burden of expectation
Cam Charron
August 18 2012 11:20AM
The Toronto Maple Leafs aren't the worst franchise in Toronto—Toronto FC, the Argonauts, the Raptors all deserve parts of the title. I would suggest though that neither sports franchise represents the worst overall product in the city. That would be the streetcars, a totally inefficient use of city space. Streetcars confine themselves to one lane and it's in the middle of the street. During rush hour periods, the streets in downtown Toronto are an awful mess due to the city's reluctance to introduce revolutionary technology such as buses.
And, hey, poll many Torontonians, and if you asked them whether they'd keep the streetcars or the Maple Leafs, most would say the Maple Leafs.
Montreal Canadiens 2012-13 annual: Les Habitants (du sous-sol)
Cam Charron
August 17 2012 04:26PM
Some may suppose it's appropriate that the Montreal Canadiens were founded the same year they began building the Titanic. Built in the same year were the deck chairs that general manager Pierre Gauthier was shuffling around the deck as the ship began to sank. It's not that Gauthier was purposefully making moves that would ruin the Habs' chances at a playoff spot, but he made a number of questionable decisions in a bleak effort to save face and keep his job.
The butchered heads of failed managers rarely roll, and even when they do, they don't go too far. Gauthier lost his job with the Canadiens and ended up in Chicago as an assistant, while Marc Bergevin, an understudy of the successful Stan Bowman, was hired as Gauthier's replacement in Montreal to oversee hockey's Lower Canadian club.
Funnily enough, things weren't awful for le club hockey last season. Sure, they finished with an Eastern Conference-low 31 wins and 78 points, but that was partially thanks to a league-low 11 wins in 37 one-goal games they played. In games decided by three or more goals, the Habs were 14-12. So what made the difference?
Time on ice competition plots for all 30 teams
Eric T.
August 17 2012 07:26AM
Duncan Keith had a negative Corsi Rel last year, but he's not weak competition
By Matt Boulton from Vancouver, Canada (Kane, Keith and Kopecky) [CC-BY-SA-2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
Yesterday, we published an article about evaluating quality of competition by looking at the opponents' average time on ice. The best players typically see the most ice time, so a player whose opponents get a lot of minutes is probably facing tough competition. By this metric, top-line forwards appeared to face tougher competition than is suggested by other metrics.
The reason for this became clear when we separated out the quality of forwards and defensemen that a player faced. Even the offense-first forwards who are used against mediocre competition see their opponents' best defensemen. This opened up the interesting possibility of using quality of competition to evaluate not just the strength of the competition, but the type of situations -- facing good forwards and bad defensemen might be similar in difficulty to facing bad forwards and good defensemen, but it is a very different type of usage.
We showed a couple of examples, one from a team that matched their top forwards with the opposition's top forwards, and one from a team that had an offense-first scoring line and a defensive-minded shutdown line. A number of people inquired about their favorite team, so we decided to publish plots for each of the 30 teams for 2011-12.


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Keep Those Letters Coming
Credit Union Times has a goal for 2011 to include Letters to the Editor in nearly every, if not all, issues. We had letters in nearly every issue of 2010.
The Letters section is the one place where readers have the opportunity to fire back on issues important to them. Think Credit Union Times missed the boat on a story? Let us know. Disagree with how industry leaders are handling something? Write a letter.
?Letters can be mailed or e-mailed. Letters can be e-mailed to email@example.com. For postal mail, send your letter to 33-41 Newark Street, 2nd Floor, Hoboken, NJ 07030 attn: Letters to the Editor. n


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Welcome to Native American Ministries USA/Canada
Revs. Julian D. and Bernita Gunn Retirement Celebration
April 29, 2017
Check out the Retirement Celebration website at www.apacheavenuecotn.com
Dr. John Nells, Native American Ministries Facilitator
Native American Ministries Strategic Readiness Committee
Dr. John Nells, Native American Ministries Director is accountable to the Multicultural ministries USA/Canada regional office and his primary function is to implement the agreed-upon policies and strategies for evangelism and strengthening of existing structures on the various districts of the Church of the Nazarene. Click here to see how this is accomplished.
Native American Ministries: "exists to support districts, pastors, local churches, and leaders in the task of making Christlike disciples among Native American groups in the U.S. and Canada." To continue reading the unique mission click here.
Native American Ministries Strategic Readiness Team meets to develop a plan of action to reach Native Americans in the USA/Canada with the Gospel of Jesus Christ. Click here for the plan of action.
Southwest Native American District Church of the Nazarene
To order at Gospel Tracts in English or additional languages contact firstname.lastname@example.com.
Wesleyan Holiness Library
Multicutural Ministries - USA/Canada Region's 5 Strategic Priorities
Southwest Native American Churches
"Native American Strategy for Evangelizing Native Americans"
Introduction to Lifelong Learning Registry in English


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" Genre: Dance & Electronic / Artist: Dragonette / Extra tracks / Audio CD released 2007-09-24 at Universal "
* Prices may differ from that shown
Not quite sure what I'm doing reviewing a girly album but here goes! Canadian fronted London based band Dragonette have a catchy bubblegum pop electro sound. Had I known the singer was Canadian, I may have stayed away - having had my ears abused enough by them in the past (whingers like Alanis Morissette, Nickelback, Sum41 - the list is endless!)
This hook heavy, grimy, fuzzy pop sounds a bit like a more modernised version of Madonna or Kylie Minogue. The album Galore charted at 80th, which seems ridiculously low considering the fact its extremely accessible music that should appeal across the genres. The singles "I Get Around" and "Take It Like A Man" charted even lower, I don't get it at all - this is some of the best, funkiest and catchiest pop music written for years.
The catchy tunes on the album are numerous from "True Believer" to "Take It Like A Man" and "Black Limousine" (which sounds like Inspector Gadget in a strip club lol) to "Gold Rush", the vocals vary from a whisper to fully belting out and the music is pretty inventive compared to contemporaries in the pop genre, bass guitar sections and piano in particularly spice up the electro sound further.
Although it's by no means from a genre, I'd normally listen to - I'm going to admit that I think that this album rocks and urge you to give it a listen!
1. "I Get Around" - 3:31
2. "Competition" - 3:28
3. "Take It Like a Man" - 3:02
4. "True Believer" - 3:43
5. "Another Day" - 2:55
6. "Get Lucky" - 3:08
7. "Jesus Doesn't Love Me" 2:52
8. "Black Limousine" - 3:40
9. "Gold Rush" - 3:42
10. "You Please Me" - 4:23
11. "Marvellous" - 2:58
12. "The Boys" (U.S. release) - 3:14
Disc #1 Tracklisting
1 I Get Around
2 Competition
3 Take It Like Man
4 True Believer
5 Another Day
6 Get Lucky
7 Jesus Doesn't Love Me
8 Black Limousine
9 Goldrush
10 You Please Me
11 Marvellous


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Quinoa and grilled vegetable salad with tahini dressing
Makes 4 servings.
1 red bell pepper, cored, seeded and cut into quarters
2 small eggplants (about 1 pound total)
2 medium zucchini (about 1 pound total)
3 tablespoons olive oil, divided
1 small onion
2 cloves garlic, finely chopped
1 1/4 cup quinoa, rinsed
1 1/4 cup plus 2 tablespoons water, divided
1/4 cup well-stirred tahini
3 tablespoons fresh lemon juice
1 teaspoon grated lemon zest
Ground black pepper
1/4 cup finely chopped fresh mint
1. Preheat gas grill to medium-high. Place pepper, eggplants and zucchini on a rimmed baking sheet and brush with 2 tablespoons olive oil. Sprinkle with salt. Grill, covered, turning every 5 minutes or so, until vegetables are lightly charred on the outside and eggplant and zucchini are softened (the pepper will probably take about 10 minutes, the zucchini and eggplant 13 to 18 minutes). Remove from heat, let cool slightly and cut into bite-size pieces.
2. Heat the remaining 1 tablespoon oil in a nonstick saucepan over medium heat. Add onion to the pan and cook until softened, about 3 minutes. Add garlic and cook 30 seconds. Add quinoa and stir another minute.
3. Add 1 cup plus 2 tablespoons water and 1/2 teaspoon salt to pan and bring to a boil. Cover, turn heat to low and cook until quinoa is tender, about 15 minutes. Remove from heat and let stand, covered, 10 minutes longer.
4. Place the tahini in a small bowl. Slowly whisk in lemon juice and 1/4 cup water until smooth. Add more water, 1 tablespoon at a time, until dressing is thick but pourable. Whisk in lemon zest and salt and pepper to taste.
4. Transfer quinoa to bowl. Stir in vegetables and mint. Season with salt and pepper. Drizzle with dressing. Serve warm or at room temperature or refrigerate for up to 1 day and let come to room temperature before serving.


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Artist description:
cupid is lazy from doing work on love's day.. drawing with a mouse is hard, that's why it's too messy...
Flash Draw Created Feb 12, 2008 470 x 338px Unless noted Copyright 2008 zarathustra_lf.
We encourage you to submit a comment and let the artist know what you think of this drawing. Please log in or join to post a comment.
Post a comment
ha...funny drawing i like it!!!10
nice job. happy valentines lol!
now i know why i still dont have a valentine date. cupid is too lazy to struck his arrow on someone i should met. lol nice job


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When Lake Poway opened today for fall trout fishing, anglers no longer needed a state fishing license at the suburban reservoir.
The city of Poway applied for and was granted an aquaculture permit from the state Department of Fish and Game. The move exempts anglers from needing a state license.
It's a growing trend in California as budget cuts limit what the state can provide for fishermen and hunters. Water districts that receive no stocked fish or other services from the DFG are opting to run their own programs.
It costs $690.75 for a new aquaculture permit, and $346 each year to renew it. There is a $518 surcharge if the business exceeds $25,000 the previous year.
There is a similar fishing program at Santee Lakes, where the Padre Dam Municipal Water District operates under an aquaculture permit.
"We talked to other lakes like Santee and Santa Ana River Lakes up north, and they felt it was working for them," said Michael Pacheco, supervisor at Lake Poway. "We stock our own fish. We buy our own water (Poway Municipal Water District), and we supply our own rangers."
Unlike at Santee Lakes, where permit fees were increased after it received its aquaculture permit, the fishing fees remain the same at Poway. A permit costs $6 for adults ($9 at Santee), $3 for kids 8-15, and $4 for seniors and military on Fridays only. Children 7 and under fish free with a paid adult, but only one limit of fish may be taken per permit.
The lake was stocked with 1,500 pounds of trout from Nebraska yesterday. Another 3,000 pounds will arrive in a couple of weeks.
The annual Youth Derby is set for Feb. 6, with a possible winter family campout on the eve of the derby to prevent the long line that forms every year at the lake entrance.


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Fitness Center
David Silverman Fitness & Wellness Center
A 5,000 sq. foot Fitness and Wellness Center with top-of-the-line cardio and strength training equipment and a professionally trained and certified staff to guide you on your journey to good health.
Group Fitness
Our Group Exercise classes are taught by certified instructors and are based upon the latest aerobic conditioning and resistance training research. We offer over 60 aerobic classes per week and modifications are always demonstrated so that you can achieve your best workout. Group exercise classes are energizing, motivating, challenging and fun. View class schedule.
A new, lighter version of group exercise classes is also available for all LJCC members. View class schedule.
The Levine JCC offers yoga classes free to members. View class schedule. Enroll today in our new Yoga Workshops happening monthly through 2017. Click here for Yoga Workshop information.
Massage at the J
Unwind in the privacy of the JCC massage room. Through the release of muscle tension and stress, our professional staff can help you reach your wellness goals. We offer Swedish or Deep Tissue, hot stone and couples massage as well as reflexology. Click learn more for bios and credentials of our massage therapists and for more details on the body treatments and massage available. Learn more.
JFITPM with Renaldo
45 minute structured group workout sessions designed for all fitness levels • 11th grade to adult - Mondays - Wednesdays at 6:15PM. Learn more.
Expresso Bikes
Expresso bikes utilize technology to provide a realistic outdoor cycling experience, while on a stationary bicycle. A computer monitor allows the user to virtually ride on scenic paths and play games to increase their exercise enjoyment. While all bikes can burn calories, Expresso bikes may provide a more entertaining and motivating exercising experience to help users lose weight. Every month Expresso posts a new challenge! Click here to see the latest challenges.
Fitness Special Events
- 2017 Health & Wellness Fair - Sunday, November 12th 11am - 2pm
- Moms in Training: The J has teamed up with the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society to help fight cancer through fitness!
- January 20 in 30: The Challenge is on! Take 20 classes in 30 days.
- Biggest Loser: 4 Weeks in February


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This is just a test to see if we can get past 8 posts before someone hijacks and blames her lack of panties on Tanny bringing in Tebow...
Last edited by JetsNeedNewton; 03-24-2012 at 01:19 AM.
Sadly I wake up every mornin to something simular Thats countin the second pic also
I withdraw my objection.
Gotta be honest here. That first pic scared the sh-t out of me
What are the muppets and their dumb ass thread doing here?
Moved from the pfail strip to the hampur.
Is this some sort of test?
All I (we) want is a return to semi-normalcy... The strangest part is that the zombie onslaught has come from within... nary a peep from the evangelists the anti-tebow-zombies are so terrified of.
Well, there were 5 teenage girls at the airport, but even the Phins did better than that


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COUNTY residents enjoy healthy lifestyles but longer life spans continue to put pressure on services, the county's director of public health has said.
Dr Jonathan McWilliam spoke yesterday as he gave his first annual report since the NHS handed over responsibility for promoting good health last April.
Issues like preventing smoking, alcohol abuse and promoting diet and exercise now falls to Oxfordshire County Council.
When the NHS was founded in 1948, some 48 per cent of county residents died before 65 but that is now 14 per cent.
Men now live to about 84 and women 87.
Dr McWilliam said: "We do live in a relatively health county.
"Overall health in Oxfordshire is good and this has meant that people live longer compared with 100 years ago, people are living 30 years longer.
"That good news also brings in its wake some opportunities and some challenges."
He said there was mounting evidence that older people will be "more active and independent than today" but still risk medical problems and disability.
Preventing problems earlier in life is key, he said, but just 46 per cent, 19,001 people aged 40 to 74, took up an invite for a five-year GP check up.
And only 57 per cent of people aged 60 to 74 sent back an NHS postal stool sample test for bowel cancer.
People in "rural isolation" and pressure on transport are further challenges while funding pressures mean the council will need to "help communities to help themselves".
Yet he said public health had been "welcomed with open arms" by the council after previously being overseen by the NHS for 40 years.
He said "strong" debate between councillors meant services that were "one size fits all" could now be tailored to different areas.
He said the ability of council committees to probe concerns are "powerful tools" and four-year instead of one-year NHS plans were "a revelation".
And Dr McWilliam said specific contracts for particular services rather than block contracts for a range of NHS services meant more "accurate" services.
The April introduction of full-time nurses for all secondary schools and increasing sexual health treatment and diagnosis centres from two to eight were examples of this, he said.
Dr McWilliam said: "It has been a good year to come back into local Government for public health."
For the full story and analysis of the report, see tomorrow's Oxford Mail
JR 'one of worst' for dirt
Oxford's John Radcliffe Hospital was yesterday named "among the worst" in England for infection control and cleanliness.
The rating was one of seven standards published on the NHS Choices website as part of a Government drive for greater transparency.
The rating is based on the number of C. difficile and MRSA infections – one of each in the last three months – and patients' views.
The Department of Health said this indicates standards around "preventing infections and keeping the environment clean".
Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, which runs the hospital, had yet to comment. Its Churchill and Nuffield Orthopaedic hospitals in Oxford and Banbury's Horton met the standards or were at the expected level.


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TRANSITIONAL-GENEALOGISTS-FORUM-L ArchivesArchiver > TRANSITIONAL-GENEALOGISTS-FORUM > 2008-05 > 1212000440
From: "Elizabeth Shown Mills" <>
Subject: Re: [TGF] [APG] Nurse Child
Date: Wed, 28 May 2008 13:47:20 -0500
References: <87F1BFD3CDFD421693DE552DBBD805B4@ChristyPC>
In-Reply-To: <87F1BFD3CDFD421693DE552DBBD805B4@ChristyPC>
>My initial thought was that Sarah is acting as a wet-nurse for this child.
No record to date, however, has found a child living or dead for Sarah
Oldham around this time period. In order to be a wet-nurse she would have
to have given birth to a child of her own.
Christy, if a child were born dead or died so soon after birth that it was
not christened, would there be a record of that birth at all?
This thread:
|Re: [TGF] [APG] Nurse Child by "Elizabeth Shown Mills" <>


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Intravenous drug
use and overcrowding are causing the incidence of
HIV/AIDS to explode in Indonesian prisons, reports Agence
According to the
Indonesian National AIDS Commission head Nafsiah Mboi,
about 27,000 of the 136,000 inmates in Indonesian prisons
are drug users. "There should be a separation between
people who have been convicted of drug-related crimes
and other types of crime," she said.
Overcrowding is
compounding the issue, Christian Kroll of the United
Nations Office on Drugs and Crime added. "The capacity [of
Indonesian jails] is only for 70,000 inmates. The
individuals who have been convicted of drug-related
crimes should be treated as people who need therapy
instead of criminals. Judges and prosecutors should be given
further education while the number of treatment facilities
should be increased," he said.
Indonesia has the
fastest-growing HIV/AIDS infection rate in Southeast
Asia, according to the United Nations. (The