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This site is riddled with ad hominems. You do realise that most of these arguments are far from scientifically sound? From what I can see the guiding principle here for men is "I was rejected and hurt by women, I am sad and lonely. So now to make myself feel better I beat the bitch, disrespect her, use her, trample her and tell her she is worthless that all she can be is my bitch." Because the only way bullies feel better about their low self-esteem and issues is by treating others like shit, it makes them feel powerful and in control. Any woman in a relationship adhering to the principles in place here has no self esteem and is in an abusive relationship. Also there are no statistics or figures proving such assertions as feminism causing divorce or single mums causing homosexuals. So incoming response to this would be "hahaha fucking cunt bitch what would you know you are just woman *insert retarded laugh here* (insert fallacy A. here) (fallacy B. here) bitch, cunt go wash some dishes bla bla bla *insert ad hominem here* end of response.
BTW, this was our FIRST debate and one of our many experiences with a feminist threatening legal action against us if we told the truth.
She original agreed to do the debate, then after she lost, she threatened legal action if we released it--you can't make this stuff up!
This is just another example of the deceitful nature of feminists.


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Environmentalists are going to court to fight against Gina Rinehart's proposed central Queensland coal mine.
The state's land court ruled last year that it wasn't in the public interest to approve the Alpha Coal Project in the Galilee Basin because of the impact on groundwater.
The court recommended the government reject the proposal outright or approve it only with stringent water conditions.
However, the state government ignored the court's recommendation and granted an environmental authority for the mine. A lease is yet to be issued.
Conservation group Coast and Country is taking GVK Hancock to the Supreme Court in Brisbane on Wednesday to seek a judicial review, where it will argue the Land Court should have recommended the 30 million tonne-per year mine be rejected outright.
They will also seek a ruling that the environmental authority for the mine issued by the government is not valid as it depended on a flawed recommendation of the land court.
The Alpha Coal Project is a joint venture between Gina Rinehart's Hancock Coal and Indian company GVK.
The mine would be among Australia's largest, with a lease area of more than 60,000 hectares.

subset: commoncrawl


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CHEYENNE, Wyo. (AP) - A Wyoming cowboy who earlier this year was ranked among the top bull riders in the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association has died.
Bryan Guthrie of Cheyenne died Wednesday at age 21. His father, Rod Guthrie, says his son didn't wake up in the morning and the cause of death hasn't been determined.
Laramie County Coroner Marty Luna says results of a toxicology report are expected in a couple of weeks A spokeswoman for the PRCA says Bryan Guthrie was ranked as high as third in bull riding in January.
A leg injury at a rodeo in Houston in March knocked Guthrie out of competition.Rod Guthrie says his son had since healed and planned to return
to competition early next year. Rod Guthrie says his son often led other cowboys in prayer, and was always able to see something good in all the people he met.


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We're Moving!!!!The HPS website is transitioning to a new web platform, which will be available for the start of the 2017 school year. While in this transition, many of the links, photos and other web content may change or become unavailable without notice. The athletic calendar, district event calendar and building event calendars will remain active, as will the district lunch menus. The link to the new Athletics webpage and the Athletics webpage itself will be unaffected. We would like to thank you for your patience and understanding during this transition, and we look forward to providing more accessible and responsive web content in the future!
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From the origin of your calling to work with the next generation to the importance of assisting parents in raising their children, a covenantal understanding of scripture has multiple implications for youth ministry. Let me try to whet your appetite by highlighting just two of the many aspects of this special relationship between God and man that have direct bearing on how we do youth ministry.
Missional Church: What Does it Mean?
I am being asked more and more what the term "missional church" means. Does it mean what we have generally thought regarding missionaries leaving and going to other parts of the world to evangelize and church plant? Often those questions have been asked in relation to discussion on the negative and narrowing impact of much of the modern church growth philosophy, especially as it relates to the church and the kingdom.
Interconnected Discipleship
In the last Equip Tip, we emphasized the need of the church's educational ministries to remember and return to the basics. Now, we address what those basics are. The goal of all our ministries is to make kingdom disciples. But what does that mean? A full-grown kingdom disciple would have two main characteristics. He would look, act, and think like Jesus and would be actively helping others become kingdom disciples.
Church Life in a Large Family
The Presbyterian Church in America (PCA) is the second largest Presbyterian denomination in the USA and relatively young as far as denominations go, begun in 1973. Overall, Presbyterians are a small minority of Christians in America. We need to realize, however, that we are part of something bigger than we usually think.
The Church is Bigger Than You Think
It becomes more and more obvious that people are deficient in understanding the church and the kingdom; hence, they have not embraced nor understood them as clearly as God would have. As a result, from a human standpoint, the church is taking a licking. People, lacking a biblical view of both, are saying things that should not be said about either. There is apparent confusion about how the local church fits into the universal church and then how the universal church, including the local, relates to and is part of the kingdom.
What is Happening Around the PCA? Making Kingdom Disciples of Men
We are to seek first the kingdom of God, expanding the rule of Christ into every sphere of our lives, culture, and world. If men's ministry is to be effective, we must challenge men with a vision big enough to resonate with their internal drive to accomplish a great mission. That vision is to live out the values of God's kingdom-to make the invisible kingdom of God visible, everywhere we go, in every sphere of our lives, over every square inch of planet earth.


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Genre: Talk, House/garden, How-to
Premise: Hosted since 2008 by Tracy Moore, ``Cityline'' is the longest-running daytime talk show for women in Canadian history. The theme of the show changes daily and can consist of anything from food and entertaining to home decor and personal health, with expert guests stepping in to match Moore's enthusiasm and charisma with their expertise and knowledge of the topics at hand. Included on the guest list are celebrity chefs, fitness trainers, interior designers, relationship and parenting specialists and experts in beauty and fashion.


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After leaving Tuesday's start earlier than he should have with a blister on his right index finger, Rangers starter Alexi Ogando is now questionable to make Sunday's series finale start against the New York Yankees.
Ogando pitched six strong innings in Tuesday's eventual 4-3 loss to Seattle, a loss the bullpen was tabbed with, not Ogando. He said after the game he would be fine and would make his next scheduled start.
He hasn't thrown since and still says he will start on Sunday.
Many folks question the "toughness" of pitchers who miss starts because of blisters.
Some questions arose in October and November when C.J. Wilson left his Game 2 start in the World Series with a blister, even though it had rendered his pitches basically useless. It's a pretty big deal for a pitcher to have and isn't nearly as minor as it sounds.
To compensate for Ogando's injury, the Rangers optioned catcher Taylor Teagarden back to Triple-A Round Rock to once again carry eight bullpen pitchers.
If Ogando has to miss his Sunday start, it will likely be a bullpen-by-committee start led by Dave Bush.
"If it gets to the point where we're concerned with it, he just might have to miss a start," Ron Washington told the Star-Telegram's Anthony Andro. "The extra five days would probably help. I want to make sure this blister can get behind us."


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While the cover of J. the Savage's latest offering Very Same Dream recalls Milton Glaser's iconic 1967 poster of Bob Dylan, his current single "You Knew It But You Still Had to Do It" calls to mind the raucous jangle of Dylan's late '70s outings with the Rolling Thunder Revue. To ring in the first weekend of Jazz Fest, J. the Savage is making this New Orleans-flavored, folk-rock boogie available as a free download below, or stream the song right here.
Download "You Knew It But You Still Had to Do It"
For those on the go, scan the QR code below to get "You Knew It But You Still Had to Do It" delivered right to your smartphone, and for those out and about, you can catch J. the Savage's rambling road show this Friday, April 29th at Buffa's Lounge at 7:00pm and again next Friday, May 6th at the Big Top at 9:30pm.


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I had about ten days in the Garden Route area, and hit a few restaurants, mostly in the Plettenberg Bay area. A few reviews:
1) Cornuti del Mare: Italian Restaurant in P'berg Bay. Bustling atmosphere, good pastas and pizzas. Some of the other stuff (an ostrich steak with a chocolate/chili sauce) was less outstanding, but the Italian and European food was very very good.
2) FK: a pizza place on Main St. in Plett. good speciality pizzas, pastas good but not quite as much.
3) Med Bistro: Mediterranean/Seafood place in Plett. Great Cape Malay seafood stew and various other dishes. Nice global touches and good solid good. A bit fancy.
4) Lookout. Beachfront restaurant in Plett. Had some nice fish and other staples there.
5) 34 degrees south. Restaurant in Knysna's waterfront. Expected a lot from this place, and it was not as good as I expected. They have a huge menu, however, so I may have ordered the wrong things.
6) Fushi, an Asian fusion restaurant on Plett's main street. Pricey, pretty good sushi and other Asian fusion type things. For a fancy restaurant, the waitstaff was very accommodating with our young son.
7) Pie place, downtown Plett. Sweet and savory pies. Very tasty.
8) French bakery on Main Street in Plett. Fantastic, fantastic croissants, breads, quiche, and tarts. This place is really amazing. Just some of the best french baked goods I've ever had.
9) Italian restaurant in George, on road heading to airport. Forgot the name, but it was very good. Known as being the best Italian restaurant in town. It really was good, but we felt a bit bad being in there with small kids.
10) Restaurant at Storms River Mouth Restcamp. Not the greatest restaurant, but not bad either, and one of the best locations in the world for a restaurant.
11) Spanish-named restaurant, think it began with a P, at the Heads in Knysna. Nice seafood, and a fantastic location.
12) Harkerville Farmer's Market. Great farmstyle breakfasts on Saturday mornings. Live Cape Jazz when we were there. A nice experience.
Lots of good seafood--stick to local fish and you will do well.


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Results 1 to 2 of 2
- Join Date
- May 2016
- Posts
- 46
3D Movies on the PSVR = Awesome for now
apparently no one is coming here anymore. So I am going to chime in on the 3D patch for the PSVR.
when I first heard about the patch for 3D for the PSVR, I was a little intrigued to say the least. I went to a few forums to see if there was any inputs/reviews on this. Only saw one or 2 posts, and I have to say, wasn't here that I read about it.
so I finally decided to get it, got the PSVR then went looking for a PS4 and found the only PS4 Pro in my area, took me 1/2 hour drive to go get it, was last one. Got it hooked up, was pretty easy. I already see one problem and reading about it confirmed my suspicions. I have a Sony 65 inch 4K HDR 3D TV. Well, the adapter box that the PSVR hooks up to does not allow HDR pass through. In order to watch any 4K anything from my PS4 Pro I would have to unhook it and reconnect directly to my TV.
OK, now on the 3D, all I can say is WOW. I am impressed. The 3D is pretty nice, I have a whole bunch of 3D movies and since TV mfg's are no longer going to make 3D TV's I went with the PSVR. Yes I have a 3D TV, but the 3D is horrible with most of the movies I have. I have been to the official forums from sony for my TV and there are a ton of complaints about the 3D performance. Just as an example, I have Jaws 3 3D, it is totally unwatchable, double everything. I have a few other movies not so bad, but still unhappy about. I plugged in Pacific Rim 3D and it was incredible. I am going to take my time and rewatch my 3D movies again.
I know it is early and the resolution could be better. So I bet Sony will come out with a new PSVR probably in a couple years, I am starting to save now for it lol. Don't think it will be 4K each eye, but 2K each eye would be significantly better.
I bought it mostly for 3D movies, not for games. But if an awesome game comes out, I will definitely check it out.
- Join Date
- May 2016
- Posts
- 46
wow, I just watched Predator 3D last night and it was awesome. no pop outs but the depth perception was incredible.
now waiting for Terminator 2 3D....need popcorn lol
one thing about Predator 3D is that it was converted, not filmed in 3D. on my tv it looked pretty good.
I just watched Jurrasic Park 3D and it was fantastic, a really good scene was when they first came upon the T rex.....
Last edited by BurntPopcorn; 03-25-2017 at 02:45 PM.


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|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|10 Nov 1998
|Fecha de presentación
|24 Mar 1997
|Fecha de prioridad
|25 Mar 1996
|También publicado como
|Número de publicación
|Peter J. Schlom, Rose Ann Schultz
|Cesionario original
|National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (8), Citada por (26), Clasificaciones (17), Eventos legales (6)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
(L.sub.p M.sub.q).sub.n X.sub.r !.sub.Z Y.sub.s (I)
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/621,560 filed Mar. 25, 1996 now abandoned.
This invention relates to a process for the degradation of starch using hydrogen peroxide and a selected metal-based coordination complex catalyst, particularly a manganese complex.
Degraded or converted starches are used in many applications where low-viscosity starches are needed to provide a high-solids starch dispersion with a pumpable and workable viscosity. The degradation of starches by conversion involves mainly a scission of the starch molecules to lower molecular weight fragments. When this is carried out on a granular starch, the granular structure is weakened and the granules tend to disintegrate more readily and more rapidly during the gelatinization process, leading to a lower hot paste viscosity.
Industrial applications in which degraded or converted starches are desirably used or required include paper and paper board manufacture, the manufacture of gypsum board for dry wall construction, textile warp sizing applications and the production of starch gum candy.
In commercial practice, starch is ordinarily converted by acid or enzyme conversion techniques. Acid conversion is preferred due to the ease in handling and recovery afforded by a granular starch as opposed to starch in dispersed form as necessitated by enzyme conversion. A recently developed process for degradation of granular starch involves a process employing hydrogen peroxide and a manganese salt catalyst such as potassium permanganate in alkaline slurry.
In preparation of converted starches by acid treatment, the granular starch base is hydrolyzed to the required viscosity in the presence of an acid, such as sulfuric or hydrochloric acid, at a temperature below the gelatinization point of the starch. The starch is slurried in water and the acid (usually in concentrated form) is then added. Typically, the reaction takes place over an 8 to 16 hour period, after which the acid is neutralized with alkali (e.g., to a pH of 5.5) and the starch recovered by filtration.
When the converted starch is prepared by enzyme treatment the granular starch base is slurried in water and the pH is adjusted to about 5.6 to 5.7 with alkali or acid. A small amount of alpha amylase enzyme (e.g., about 0.02% on the starch) is added to the slurry, which is then heated above the gelatinization point of the starch. When the desired conversion is reached, the pH is adjusted with acid (e.g., to about 2.0) to deactivate the enzyme and the dispersion is held at the pH for a period of at least 10 minutes. Thereafter the pH may be readjusted. The resulting converted starch is usually jet-cooked to ensure complete solubilization of the starch and deactivation of the residual enzyme.
The use of hydrogen peroxide on starch as a converting (thinning) agent, either alone or together with metal catalysts has been known for some time. U.S. Pat. No. 3,655,644 issued on Apr. 11, 1972 to H. Durand, discloses a method of thinning derivatized starch using hydrogen peroxide and a copper ion catalyst.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,975,206 issued Aug. 17, 1976 to J. Lotzgesell et al., discloses an improved method for thinning starch employing hydrogen peroxide in combination with heavy metal salt catalysts such as iron, cobalt, copper or chromium, at an acid pH. This patent further lists a number of references directed to degrading (thinning) starch with hydrogen peroxide under a variety of conditions.
Another more recent patent, U.S. Pat. No. 4,838,944 issued Jun. 13, 1989 to L. Kruger, discloses a process for the degradation of granular starch using hydrogen peroxide and a catalytic amount of manganese salt, preferably potassium permanganate, in an aqueous slurry at a pH of 11.0 to 12.5.
While the methods described above and particularly those employing hydrogen peroxide have been found useful in degrading starch, there still is a need for a more efficient and faster process, particularly one that provides greater degradation as well as better controllability and consistency of the conversion process.
This invention relates to a process for degrading starch with hydrogen peroxide using a selected metal-based coordination complex catalyst.
More particularly, this invention involves a process for degrading granular starch with hydrogen peroxide at a temperature below the gelatinization temperature of the starch, the steps comprising providing an aqueous slurry of said granular starch at a pH of 11.0 to 12.5, adding an effective catalytic amount of a metal complex catalyst to said aqueous slurry, adding said hydrogen peroxide to said aqueous slurry in an effective amount to degrade the granular starch, the catalyst being a metal complex of the formula (I).
(L.sub.p M.sub.q).sub.n X.sub.r !.sup.x y.sub.s (I)
L is an organic ligand containing at least three nitrogen atoms that coordinate with the metal M;
M is a transition metal from groups 6B, 7B or 8B or the lanthanide series;
X is a coordinating or bridging group selected from the following groups: ##STR1## Y is a monovalent or multivalent counterion leading to a charge neutrality, which is dependent on the charge z of the complex; p1 is an integer of from 1 to 4;
q is an integer of from 1 to 2;
n is an integer of from 1 to 2;
r is an integer of from 0 to 6;
z denotes the charge of the complex and is an integer which is 0 or positive; and
s is equal to z/charge Y.
It has now been found that a significantly improved process for degrading starch results when using hydrogen peroxide together with a selected metal-based coordination complex catalyst. This process results in a faster, higher level of starch degradation that is more efficient in the amount of peroxide and metal used and is especially advantageous in that it provides a high degree of process controllability and consistency.
The degradation of starch in accordance with this invention is achieved using hydrogen peroxide and a catalytic amount of a metal complex coordination catalyst in an aqueous alkaline solution. The metal complex that is used has the formula:
(L.sub.p M.sub.q).sub.n X.sub.r !.sub.z Y.sub.s (I)
L is an organic ligand containing at least three nitrogen atoms that coordinate with the metal M;
M is a transition metal from groups 6B, 7B or 8B or the lanthanide series of the periodic table (revised IUPAC form in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 76th Edition, 1995-1996);
X is a coordinating or bridging group selected from the following groups: ##STR2## Y is a monovalent or multivalent counterion leading to a charge neutrality, which is dependent on the charge z of the complex;
p is an integer of from 1 to 4;
q is an integer of from 1 to 2;
n is an integer of from 1 to 2;
r is an integer of from 0 to 6;
z denotes the charge of the complex and is an integer which is 0 or positive; and
s is equal to z/charge Y.
In the metal complex (I), the ligand L is an organic molecule containing at least three nitrogen atoms which are separated from each other by two or more ethylene linkages and more particularly can be described by the following formula: ##STR3## wherein R, R' and R" can be H, CH3, or C2 H5 ; or
where both R' together form an ethylene linkage and each R and R" are H, CH3 or C2 H5 and preferably CH3 ; or
where each R' and R" together form a ##STR4## and R is H, CH3 or C2 H5 and preferably H.
Preferably, where ligand (II) is used, the metal M in the complex will be manganese, iron, chromium, molybdenum tungsten, lanthanum or ytterbium and more preferably manganese.
The bridging or coordinating group X as found in the metal complex (I) is independently selected from one of the following groups: ##STR5## The nature of the bridging group will vary depending on the particular complex. For example, when n is 1, X is preferably ##STR6## when n is 2, X is preferably ##STR7##
The counterion Y needed for charge neutrality of the complex is generally provided by carrying out the complexation reaction in the presence of a counterion-forming salt. The type of the counterion-forming salt is not critical for conversion, and may be for example, halides such as chlorides, bromides and iodides, pseudohalides, sulphates, nitrates, methylsulfates, phosphates, acetates, perchlorates, hexafluorophosphate and tetrafluoro-borate. However, some salts are more preferred than others in terms of product properties or safety. For example, small counterions will produce oily liquids and perchlorates are potentially explosive and could become a severe hazard upon large-scale preparation. A particularly preferred counterion is hexafluorophosphate, i.e., PF6 - which is conveniently obtained from KPF6.
The metal complexes (I) used in this invention are known compositions which are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,153,161 issued Oct. 6, 1992 to J. Kerschner et al. and further in U.S. Pat. No. 5,246,612 issued Sep. 21, 1993 to W. Van Dijk et al., which discloses the use of such complexes in machine dishwashing compositions. The '161 patent discloses an earlier synthesis route to the complexes known in the art wherein manganese salt is reacted in aqueous medium with a proper nitrogen-containing ligand, e.g., 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, using an ethanol/water solvent mixture. This patent is directed to an improved method for synthesizing the manganese complexes wherein:
i) a manganese salt is reacted with ligand L in aqueous medium to form a manganese coordinated substance;
ii) oxidizing the coordinated substances with oxidizing agent;
iii) basifying the reaction mixture to a pH of at least 10.5; and
iv) contacting the basified reaction mixture with a further oxidizing agent to form the manganese complex catalyst.
Ligands such as 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononanes and the method of preparation thereof are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,284,944 issued on Feb. 8, 1994 to S. Madison et al. The method involves first reacting diethylenetriamine (DET) with a sulfonylating agent to form a sulfonamidated DET in an aqueous medium with an inorganic base. In a second step, preferably without isolating intermediates, the sulfonamidated DET aqueous mixture is contacted with an aprotic organic solvent in the presence of a cyclizing unit such as ethylene glycol ditosylate or ethylene dibromide resulting in formation of a cyclized sulfonamidated triamine compound. Thereafter, the protecting groups are removed and the amine is alkylated, preferably without isolation of intermediates.
The disclosure of the '161, '612 and '944 patents noted above relating to the preparation of the metal complex catalysts and ligands is hereby incorporated by reference.
Examples of specific metal complexes that are useful in this invention are those having the following structures: ##STR8##
The degradation process may be carried out using the preformed metal complex catalyst (I) or the in-situ catalyst generation using an active blend of a metal source and a ligand source. The metal source can be derived from a metal salt of the formula MX, where M is a transition metal from groups 6B, 7B or 8B or the lanthanide series of the periodic table and X is an anion such as halide, sulfate, nitrate, or acetate. The metal salt is water or caustic soluble and preferred metals are manganese, iron, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, lanthenum and ytterbium with manganese being more particularly preferred. When using the in-situ catalyst, the metal salt and ligand may be added together or in separate additions. That is, the in-situ catalyst can be provided by adding the ligand and metal source directly to the starch slurry or more preferably, by pre-mixing the ligand and metal source in a single solution prior to introduction into the starch slurry.
The starches which may be utilized in the present invention may be derived from any plant source including corn, potato, wheat, rice, sago, tapioca, waxy maize, sorghum and high amylose starch such as high amylose corn where the starch has at least 45% and more particularly at least 65% by weight of amylose content. Also included are derivatized starches such as ethers or esters, provided they are able to withstand the temperature and high pH without significant detrimental hydrolysis. The starches useful herein are in granular or dispersed form with granular starches being preferred. By dispersed or non-granular starch is meant any starch which has had its structure disrupted or removed, i.e., destructurized, by thermal (jet cooking, boiling water bath), mechanical (drum drying, spray drying, extrusion) or chemical (use of liquid ammonia, dextrinization, subject to high levels of caustic) means.
In carrying out the process of this invention a starch aqueous slurry is provided, ordinarily at 20 to 50% solids and the pH is raised to about 11.0 to 12.5, preferably 11.5 to 12.0 with sodium hydroxide. When using dispersed starch, the solids will be at a level that will provide a viscosity which would allow mixing, that is at up to 20% solids and more particularly 0.5 to 20% solids. Temperatures ranging from about 0° to 55° C. can be used to react the starch but a range of about 22° to 45° C. is most practical and preferred in the process with the higher temperatures requiring less time for completion of the reaction. In order to achieve improved reaction rates when using slurry temperatures below room temperature (e.g., 0° to 20° C.), it is preferable that the pH level be maintained at the upper portion of the designated useful pH range (pH 11.8 to 12.5). When the invention is directed to the preparation of a granular degraded starch, it is important that the selected temperature and pH do not cause gelatinization of the starch. With most starches, the temperature should not be allowed to go much above 50° C. because of the possible initiation of gelatinization.
Sufficient metal complex catalyst (I) or combination of metal salt and ligand when adding in-situ, are added to the slurry with stirring to provide a concentration of about 0.05 to 150 ppm (parts per million) and preferably about 0.1 to 90 of metal ions based on the amount of starch solids. If desired, the metal catalyst can be added to the slurry prior to the pH adjustment.
Hydrogen peroxide is then introduced into the slurry with the full amount added at once or if desired, divided into several portions (5 or 6 or more with larger amounts of peroxide) and added at about one hour intervals or added continuously as when metered in with a pump. The amount of hydrogen peroxide employed is from about 0.0075 to 15%, preferably about 0.01 to 2.0% anhydrous, and more preferably about 0.05 to 0.5% based on starch solids. The reagent is ordinarily introduced by the addition of sufficient 30 to 35% aqueous hydrogen peroxide as is commonly supplied in commerce. Alternatively, the hydrogen peroxide can be added to the slurry before the catalyst is added, in either the metal complex form or the in-situ combination of metal source and ligand source (either premix or separate additions). This mitigates the decomposition of catalyst that occurs at high pH over time and maximizes the amount of catalyst available to degrade the starch. This may allow lower treatment levels with catalyst to achieve the same level of degradation at the same peroxide loading.
While the starch degradation process of this invention has been described employing peroxide together with a metal complex catalyst, it will be understood that other compounds which yield hydrogen peroxide on contact with water can be substituted for the required hydrogen peroxide. Such hydrogen peroxide equivalents include alkali metal and alkaline earth metal peroxides such as sodium and potassium peroxide, alkali metal perborates, mono-persulfates (e.g., Oxone, a registered trademark product of E. I. duPont), perphosphates, superoxides, percarbonates and peracids such as peracetic acid. In addition alkyl hydroperoxides, such as t-butyl hydroperoxide, have been found to be effective in the degradation process as an alternate oxidant. Other active oxygen specimens may also be used.
The hydrogen peroxide used in the process of this invention can be added to the starch slurry as a single shot or slowly over time as a number of portions, allowing time for its reaction with starch. After the addition of two or more such portions, the degree of starch degradation can be determined and additional hydrogen peroxide added as needed or the reaction can be terminated. In this slow addition procedure, the peroxide increments are reacted as they are added and better control of the degradation end-point can be achieved. A potassium iodide spot test can be used to confirm the presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide in test slurry.
The amount of hydrogen peroxide needed to reach the desired degradation level can be estimated or calculated using a procedure described below in Example VI.
When the desired degradation is reached the slurry is adjusted to a pH level of 5.0 to 6.0 using dilute acid such as dilute hydrochloric acid or other common acid. The slurry is then filtered and the filter cake optionally washed with water, refiltered and dried in a conventional manner.
The degree of starch degradation is correlated to and measured as the viscosity exhibited by a starch paste at a given solids concentration; as conversion of the starch (degradation) increases, viscosity is decreased.
For purpose of this invention, the water fluidity of the starches is measured using a Thomas Rotational Shear-Type Viscometer (such as a Stormer viscometer) standardized at 30° C. with a standard oil having a viscosity of 24.73 cps, which oil requires 23.12±0.05 seconds for 100 revolutions. As conversion of the starch increases (fluidity increases), the viscosity of the starch decreases. Accurate and reproducible measurements of the water fluidity are obtained by determining the time which elapses for 100 revolutions at different solids levels depending on the starch's degree of conversion (as conversion increases, the viscosity decreases). The procedure used involves slurrying the required amount of starch (e.g., 6.16 g dry basis) in 100 ml of distilled water in a covered copper cup and heating the slurry in a steam bath for 30 minutes with occasional stirring. The starch dispersion is then brought to the final weight (e.g., 107 g) with distilled water. The time required for 100 revolutions of the resultant dispersion at 81° to 83° C. is recorded and converted to a water fluidity number as defined in the table below:
______________________________________Time Required for 100 n Revolutions (seconds)Amount of Starch used (anhydrous. g): Water6.16.sup.a 8.80.sup.b 11.44.sup.c 13.20.sup.d Fluidity______________________________________60.0 539.6 1029.3 1522.6 2020.2 25 33.4 30 27.4 35 22.5 40 32.5 45 26.8 50 22.0 55 24.2 60 19.2 65 15.9 70 13.5 75 11.5 80 10.0 85 9.0 90______________________________________ For a, b, c and d, final weights of starch solutions are 107, 110, 113 an 115 g respectively.
The following examples will further illustrate the embodiments of this invention. In these examples, all parts and percentages are given by weight and all temperatures in degrees Celsius unless otherwise noted.
This example illustrates a representative embodiment of the process of this invention using hydrogen peroxide and a manganese metal complex coordination catalyst. The complex has the structure (1) shown earlier and the ligand is 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, coded as Me-TACN.
A starch slurry of 91.0 g of waxy corn starch was suspended in 135 g of water. The slurry was stirred and the temperature raised to and maintained at 40° C. by means of a water bath. The alkalinity of the mixture was adjusted to pH of 11.5 by the addition of 18 g of 3% aqueous sodium hydroxide. The manganese metal complex (1) was rapidly added in an amount of 12.0 mg in a 1 mL aqueous neutral solution to provide 19.2 ppm of manganese loading. With the mixture at 40° C., the degradation of the waxy starch was initiated by rapid addition of H2 O2 (0.11 g of 30 weight percent, 360 ppm). Once the H2 O2 had dissipated, the solution was neutralized with 10% H2 SO4 to a pH of 5.5 to 6.5. The suspension was then filtered through Whatman #1 filter paper on a porcelain Buchner funnel with a vacuum of ˜200 mm. The cake was rinsed twice with 250 mL of water and dried. The water fluidity (WF) was determined with a Stormer viscometer. This viscosity measurement was set-up by heating 6.16 to 13.2 g (dry basis) of starch in 100 mL of H2 O for 30 minutes at 95° C. followed by measurement at 80° C. in the apparatus. The WF is determined by comparison of the falling time to a calibration chart. The degraded starch had a WF of 55.
Several additional samples of waxy corn starch were degraded using different manganese metal complexes and the same procedure as described in Example I. The metal complexes included those identified as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 as illustrated above. The results for the respective runs are shown in the table below.
______________________________________ Catalyst Mn Dissipation Con- Starch Catalyst Amount Loading Time.sup.1 versionSamples (g) Complex (mg) (ppm) (min) (WF)______________________________________a 91.01 1 12.0 18.0 0 55b 90.42 2 8.2 12.3 0 53c 90.73 3 9.4 13.0 0 54d 91.74 4 10.1 13.2 0 50e 91.80 5 9.2 12.2 158 23f 91.08 6 12.7 19.3 129 29______________________________________ .sup.1 Dissipation time refers to the time it takes for H.sub.2 O.sub.2 t disappear (using peroxide test strips as described in Example VI).
In a variation of the procedure used in Example I, samples of caustic starch suspension were treated with a rapid addition of H2 O2 (0.11 g of 30 weight percent, 360 ppm), followed immediately with a pre-mix of ligand and metal salt (as indicated by asterisk*) or separate additions of each. The components used and the results are shown below. The ligand used was 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (coded as Me-TACN).
__________________________________________________________________________ Mn Ligand Dissipation Con- Starch Metal Loading Amt Time versionSample (g) Salt (ppm) Ligand (mg) (min) (WF)__________________________________________________________________________g 91.95 MnSO.sub.4 18.9 Me--TACN 5.2 2.33 32h* 90.88 MnSO.sub.4 19.5 Me--TACN 5.3 0 49o 90.74 MnCl.sub.2 19.1 Me--TACN 5.2 2 28j* 90.70 MnCl.sub.2 19.1 Me--TACN 5.2 0 49k 91.84 Mn(OAc).sub.2 19.2 Me--TACN 5.3 2.5 30l* 90.80 Mn(OAc).sub.2 18.6 Me--TACN 5.6 1 46m 91.08 Mn(OAc).sub.3 18.8 Me--TACN 5.3 6 31n* 90.81 Mn(OAc).sub.3 19.3 Me--TACN 5.1 5 37__________________________________________________________________________ *premix
The procedure in Example III was followed using different metal salts which were added as a pre-mix. The results are shown below.
__________________________________________________________________________ Dissipa- Metal Ligand tion Conver- Starch Metal Loading Amt Time sionSample (g) Salt (ppm) Ligand (mg) (min) (WF)__________________________________________________________________________o 90.70 FeCl.sub.3 20.18 Me--TACN 5.8 38 42p 90.44 LaCl.sub.3 50.53 Me--TACN 5.6 150 40q 90.17 Cr(H.sub.2 O).sub.4 Cl.sub.2 !Cl 18.93 Me--TACN 5.1 <120 41r 91.11 WCl.sub.4 65.90 Me--TACN 5.1 83 35s 90.72 MoCl.sub.3 34.81 Me--TACN 5.1 <120 41t 91.33 YBCl.sub.3 62.04 Me--TACN 5.1 82 35__________________________________________________________________________
It will be noted that the ligand loadings were held relatively constant and an equimolar amount of metal ion was combined with it to generate the catalyst in-situ. The metal loadings increased compared with the manganese in the previous examples and while these combinations did not produce the level of degradation nor the rate as found with manganese, they did show higher degradation than when using a convention potassium permanganate catalyzed system.
Several samples were run as in Example I using metal complex 1 but at different manganese loading levels, at constant H2 O2 of 360 ppm, to show the effect in this variation on starch conversion. The results are as follows:
______________________________________ Catalyst Mn Dissipation Con- Starch Catalyst Amount Loading Time versionSamples (g) Complex (mg) (ppm) (min) (WF)______________________________________u 91.01 1 12.0 18.0 0 55v 91.69 1 0.41 0.56 3 46w 90.14 1 0.3 0.45 5 47.5x 90.86 1 0.2 0.30 10 46y 90.42 1 0.09 0.135 40 45z 90.30 1 0.05 0.075 >180 40______________________________________
While the results show that there would be better controllability of the conversion process when using lower amounts of manganese (loading at <18.0 ppm), the degree of conversion appears to level off and the rates become much slower as the amount of manganese goes below the 0.56 ppm level.
The amount of hydrogen peroxide needed to reach a desired degradation level was determined in the following manner.
A 90 g sample of waxy corn starch was suspended at 40% solids in de-ionized water held at 40° C. and the pH adjusted to 11.5 by addition of 18 g of 3% NaOH. The metal complex was introduced either as a solid or in solution followed by addition of a variable amount of hydrogen peroxide in a single shot. Alternatively, the caustic starch suspension can be treated with a variable amount of hydrogen peroxide followed immediately by introduction of metal catalyst which is generated in-situ by combining the appropriate ligand and metal salt in 1 mL aqueous solution. The metal catalyst used in the example was the manganese metal complex prepared in Example I and having the structure (1).
The amount of hydrogen peroxide which was added can vary but generally is from 90 to 3600 ppm with the total charge as illustrated in the following table being expressed in multiples of 360 ppm (˜0.11 g of 30 wt % solution). Reaction progress was monitored by use of starch-iodide type test strips (e.g. Quanto-Fix®). The reaction was complete when the test strip gave no response to the solution (i.e. darkening a few seconds after contact). When the hydrogen peroxide was fully dissipated, the suspension was neutralized with 10% H2 SO4 to a pH of 5.5 to 6 as measured by a calibrated pH meter. The suspension was suction filtered and washed twice with 250 mL of water. The damp cake was then dried to 7 to 10% moisture after which it was ground to a free flowing powder and stored in a sealed container.
The extent of starch conversion was determined by use of a Stormer type viscometer as disclosed previously. This entire procedure was repeated for several levels of hydrogen peroxide and the extent of conversion or water fluidity determined. In this example using a metal catalyst loading of 132 ppm, the following conversion levels were determined at different levels of hydrogen peroxide.
______________________________________Metal Catalyst (1)Experiment No. H.sub.2 O.sub.2 * Conversion (WF)______________________________________1 0.750 51.02 0.771 50.03 1.012 58.04 1.498 64.05 1.498 62.56 2.028 70.07 2.044 68.08 2.987 72.09 3.035 72.010 3.985 74.011 4.026 75.0______________________________________ *Expressed in multiples of 360 ppm charge.
The above points were plotted versus the hydrogen peroxide treatment levels and a line was fit to the curve using the method of least squares. The linear equation determined for this data was:
with y being WF and x being hydrogen peroxide level (in multiples of 360 ppm).
In a variation of the procedure used in Example I, samples of caustic starch suspension were treated by adding hydrogen peroxide to the slurry before the metal complex catalyst in the following procedure. A starch slurry of 1000 g of waxy corn starch was suspended in 1500 g of water. The slurry was stirred and the temperature raised to and maintained at 40° C. by means of a water bath. The alkalinity of the mixture was adjusted to pH of 11.8 to 12.0 by the addition of 275 g of 3% aqueous sodium hydroxide. Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2) was added rapidly in the amounts shown in the table below and the mixture stirred for 20 minutes. The same manganese metal complex catalyst as used in Example 1, i.e., structure (1) with ligand 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, was used with the amounts shown in the following table. The manganese complex catalyst was added in a 1.5 mL solution. The dissipation time was noted and the conversion (WF) determined as in Example I with the results shown in the table below.
______________________________________ Catalyst Mn Dissipation Amount Loading H.sub.2 O.sub.2 Time ConversionSample (mg) (ppm) (ppm) (min.) (WF)______________________________________aa 3 0.405 240 5 45.3bb 1 0.135 240 15 40.0cc 1 0.135 30 5 15.2dd 1 0.135 120 5 31.7ee 1 0.135 360 30 45.0______________________________________
|Patente citada
|Fecha de presentación
|Fecha de publicación
|3 Jun 1970
|11 Abr 1972
|Grain Processing Corp
|Derivatized starch thinning with hydrogen peroxide
|18 Nov 1974
|17 Ago 1976
|A. E. Staley Manufacturing Company
|Method of peroxide thinning granular starch
|5 Mar 1981
|9 Feb 1982
|Bio Research Center Company Ltd.
|Method for the treatment of cellulosic substances with hydrogen peroxide
|28 Dic 1983
|10 Mar 1987
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture
|Alkaline peroxide treatment of nonwoody lignocellulosics
|17 Jun 1987
|13 Jun 1989
|National Starch And Chemical Corporation
|Degradation of granular starch
|26 Nov 1991
|6 Oct 1992
|Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc.
|Synthesis of manganese oxidation catalyst
|21 Ago 1992
|21 Sep 1993
|Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc.
|Machine dishwashing composition containing peroxygen bleach, manganese complex and enzymes
|30 Jun 1992
|8 Feb 1994
|Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc.
|Improved synthesis of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane
|Patente citante
|Fecha de presentación
|Fecha de publicación
|18 Feb 2000
|27 Nov 2001
|Archer-Daniels-Midland Corporation
|Method for producing oxidized starch
|27 Oct 2000
|18 Feb 2003
|National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation
|Degraded hydrophobic, particulate starches and their use in paper sizing
|8 Nov 2001
|9 Sep 2003
|Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
|Continuous oxidized starch process
|29 Ago 2003
|9 Sep 2008
|National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation
|Sago-based gelling starches
|1 May 2008
|20 Nov 2012
|Hydrite Chemical Co.
|Systems, compositions, and/or methods for depolymerizing cellulose and/or starch
|9 Jul 2009
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|Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc.
|Process for the manufacture of a 1,2-epoxide
|24 Nov 2010
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|Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc.
|Process for the manufacture of propylene oxide
|9 Jul 2009
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|Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc.
|Process for the manufacture of epichlorohydrin
|26 Ene 2011
|14 Oct 2014
|Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc.
|Process for the manufacture of a 1,2-epoxide and a device for carrying out said process
|2 Jun 2010
|20 Ene 2015
|Solvay Sa
|Process for the manufacture of oxidized starch, oxidized starch and its use
|26 Ene 2011
|10 Mar 2015
|Hexion Inc.
|Epoxidation process
|13 Jun 2012
|5 May 2015
|Evonik Degussa Gmbh
|Apparatus and methods to preserve catalyst activity in an epoxidation process
|19 Feb 2014
|11 Ago 2015
|Evonik Degussa Gmbh
|Process for the manufacture of a 1,2-epoxide and a device for carrying out said process
|26 Ene 2011
|29 Sep 2015
|Hexion Inc.
|Manufacture of an epoxyethyl ethers or glycidyl ethers
|26 Ene 2011
|3 Nov 2015
|Hexion Inc.
|Manufacture of an epoxyethyl carboxylate or glycidyl carboxylate
|29 Ago 2003
|3 Mar 2005
|Trksak Ralph M.
|Sago-based gelling starches
|1 May 2008
|9 Dic 2010
|Baures Marc A
|Systems, compositions, and/or methods for depolymerizing cellulose and/or starch
|9 Jul 2009
|9 Jun 2011
|Ron Postma
|Process for the manufacture of a 1,2-epoxide
|9 Jul 2009
|9 Jun 2011
|Ron Postma
|Process for the manufacture of epichlorohydrin
|2 Jun 2010
|9 May 2012
|Process for the manufacture of oxidized starch, oxidized starch and its use
|2 Jun 2010
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|Process for the manufacture of oxidized starch, oxidized starch and its use
|8 Mar 2013
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|CORN Products Development Inc.
|Delayed gelling starch compositions
|13 Ago 2013
|9 Mar 2016
|Tuula Sontag-Strohm
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|Coöperatie Avebe U.A.
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|2 Jun 2010
|9 Dic 2010
|Solvay Sa
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|10 Feb 2017
|17 Ago 2017
|Coöperatie Avebe U.A.
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|Clasificación de EE.UU.
|127/32, 536/106, 127/71, 536/50, 127/33, 127/65, 536/102, 127/70, 536/107, 536/111
|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
|Clasificación europea
|24 Mar 1997
Owner name: NATIONAL STARCH AND CHEMICAL INVESTMENT HOLDING CO
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Enervit Enervitene Cheerpack Nutrition
|(0 Reviews)
Store PriceBuy Now
Product DescriptionOn exceedingly hot days, are energy gels just too thick and sticky to be palatable? Enervit produces their Enervitene in this Cheerpack, with a slightly less viscous mix. Compared to their Sport Gel, the Cheerpack's thin syrup consistency is easier to consume quickly without riding for miles with a sugary film inside your mouth.Enervitene is Enervit's go-to energy source for mid-ride usage. You should consume one Cheerpack for every 60 minutes of a workout. It provides you with 120 calories. The carbohydrate blend consists of 12g of maltodextrin to give you a fairly quick shot of energy, with 15g of fructose to maintain long-lasting energy. You'll also get Vitamins B1, B2, and B3 for carbohydrate assimilation. Enervit Enervitene Cheerpacks are available in Lemon, Original, and Orange. Comes in a box of eighteen 60ml packets.
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Legal Question in Bankruptcy in Virginia
Investment law in Virginia,Richmond
I have invested in co in Richmond in State of Virginia. The owner isntfyin to cheat me andndont want to pay me my legal money invested with him and now he says that he has gone for bankruptcy. Hoe to deal with him?
Vishwas D Dixit
Pune, India
Asked on 3/03/13, 2:16 am
1 Answer from Attorneys
Daniel Press Chung & Press, P.C.
You need to get a bankruptcy lawyer in Virginia. If he defrauded you, you may be able to avoid having the debt discharged if you act quickly. Bankruptcy is a powerful tool to find out where your money went.
Answered on 3/03/13, 5:06 am
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Moore: Playoffs or not, Cowboys could stand to start looking for Romo's replacement
Cowboys beat writer David Moore answered reader questions during a live chat on Wednesday. Here are some highlights:
Do you agree with some National writers that if the Boys don't make the playoff than we need to start looking for Romo's replacement? I know he was/is not the problem on this team, but his age will catch up with him and Boys at some point.
David Moore: Romo and the Cowboys are getting to the stage in their relationship where the club must consider finding and developing his replacement. I would argue that should generate discussion in the next few seasons even if the team does return to the playoffs.
We lost a second round pick
David Moore: The Cowboys didn't lose a second round pick. They made a conscious decision to trade it to acquire Morris Claiborne. Here's the question to me. Do you believe this team is better off with Claiborne or better off with either Michael Brockers or David DeCastro and linebacker Bobby Wagner. Those are the players the Cowboys would have taken if they didn't land Claiborne.
Which of the UDFA pique your interest?
David Moore: The Cowboys are most excited about guard Ronald Leary. The Cowboys actually discussed taking the offensive lineman from Memphis in the fifth and sixth rounds. He will have a chance to compete at a guard position that gave the team so much trouble last season.


text:
The Muslim Paradise is called al-Jannah الجنة"the garden," pl. jannat, in Arabic and Bihisht in Persian; the word al-Firdaus الفردوس, or Paradise, being restricted to one region in the celestial abodes of bliss. There are eight heavens or paradises mentioned in the Qur'an, and although they appear to be but eight different, names for the place of bliss, Muslim divines have held them to be eight different stages.
They are as follows (see Ghiyasu l-Lughah) :—
1. Jannatu 'l-Khuld (Suratu 'l-Furqan, xxv. 16,), The Garden of Eternity.
2. Daru 's-Salam (Suratu l-An'am, vi. 127), The Dwelling of Peace.
3. Daru 'l-Qarar (Suratu 'l-Mu'min, ii. 42). The Dwelling which abideth.
4. Jannatu 'l-'Adn (Suratu 'l-Bara'ah, ix. 73), The Gardens of Eden.
5. Jannatu '1-Ma'wa (Suratu 's-Sajdan, xxxii. 19), The Gardens of Refuge.
6. Jannatu 'n-Na'im (Suratu 1-Ma'idah, v. 70), The Gardens of Delight.
7. 'Illiyun (Suratu 't-Tatfif, lxxxiii. 18).
8. Jannatu 'l-Firdaus (Suratu 'l-Kahf. xviii. 107), The Gardena of Paradise.
These eight stages are spoken of as eight doors in the Miskat, book ii. ch. i.)
The sensual delights of Muhammad's Paradise are proverbial, and they must have exercised a considerable influence upon the minds of the people to whom he made known his mission: There are frequent allusions. to them in the Qur'an. The following are , specimen passages :—
Suratu '1-Insan (lxxvi.), 12—22 :—" God hath rewarded their constancy, with Paradise, and silken robes, reclining therein on bridal couches; nought shall they know of' sun or piercing cold; its shades shall close over them, and low shall its fruits hang down: and vessels of silver and goblets like flagons shall be borne round among them flagons of silver whose measure themselves shall mete. And there shall they be given to drink of the cup tempered with zanjabil (ginger) from the fount therein whose name is Salsabil (i.e. the softly flowing). Blooming youths go round among them. When thou loosest at them, thou wouldst deem them scattered pearls; and when thou seest this, thou wilt see delights and a vast kingdom; their clothing green silk robes kind rich brocade: with silver bracelets shall they be adorned: and drink of a pure beverage shall their Lord give them. This shall be your recompense."
Suratu 'l-Waqi'ah (lvi), 12—39 : "In garden of delight, a crowd of the former and a few of the later generations on inwrought couches reclining on them face to face,: blooming youths go round about them with goblets and ewers and a cup of flowing wins, their brows ache not from it, nor fails the sense: and with such fruits as shall please them best, and with flesh of such birds as they shall long for; and theirs shall the the Houris (Arabic hur), with huge dark eyes, like pearls hidden in their shells, in recompense for their labours past. No vain discourse shall they hear therein, nor charge of sin, but only cry 'Peace' Peace!…. Unfailing, unforbidden, and on lofty couches and of a rare creation have we made the Houris, and we have made them ever virgins, dear to their spouses and of equal age, for the people of the right hand, a crowd of the former, and a crowd of the later generations."
Suratu 'r-Rahman (lv.), 54—56: "On couches with linings of brocade shall they recline, and the fruit of the two gardens shall he within their easy reach. Therein shall he the damsels with retiring, glances, whom neither man nor jinn hath touched before them."
Suratu '1-Muhammad (xlvii.) 16, 17: "Therein are rivers of water which corrupt not; rivers of milk, whose taste changeth not; and rivers of wine, delicious to those who quaff it; and rivers of clarified honey: and therein are all kinds of fruit for them from their Lord."
The description of the celestial regions and the enjoyments promised to the faithful are still more minutely given in the traditional sayings of the Prophet; see the Mishkat, book xxiii. ch. xiii.
Abu Musa relates that "the Apostle of God said, Verily there is a tent, for every Muslim in Paradise, it is made of one pearl, its interior empty, its breadth 60 kos, and in every corner of it will be his wives : and they shall not see one another. The Muslim shall love them alternately," &c.
One of the attractions of Paradise is the river Kausar. [KAUSAR.] According to Anas, "the Apostle of God said, it is a river which God has given me in Paradise, its water is whiter than milk, and sweeter than honey, and on its waters are birds whose necks are like the necks of camels."
The following is an instance of the way in which the Prophet endeavoured to suit his paradise to the tastes of the people :—
Abu Aiyub says, An Arab came to the Prophet and said, 'O Apostle of God! I am fond of horses; are there any in Paradise?' The Prophet replied, 'if you are taken into Paradise, you will get a ruby horse, with two wings, and you will mount him, and be will carry you wherever you wish."
Based on Hughes, Dictionary of Islam


text:
TALLAHASSEE — Patients suffering from chronic, debilitating diseases will be able to get legally prescribed medical marijuana, after voters approved Amendment 2 by 71 percent, according to state results late Tuesday.
Voters, meanwhile, nixed a proposed solar amendment pushed by utilities companies but heavily opposed by the solar industry and alternative energy advocates.
Interests groups fought a costly battle over the medical marijuana amendment, with both sides putting $24.1 million into the effort over two election cycles.
Orlando trial attorney John Morgan helped get a similar amendment on the 2014 ballot, but it only received 58...


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This looks amazing to me! 9.7*
Just Enjoy Life and Keep on Keepin' on.DeviantARTYoutube-KnightMare2I
i have never seen a pose such as this one. this is incredible
Yeah, we still believe in all the things that we stood by before.I know, to everything we've seen here, maybe even more.I know we're not the only ones and we were not the first.And unapologetically we stand behind each word.
wow is all i can say 10
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I've seen this before, but the ODST's pose makes it seem very real. Good job.
I have left Bungie.net. Goodbye.
this looks really realistic... awesome!
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New YorkQuotations
"By The Time I'm Done With You You'll Be Working The Door At Bed Bath & Beyond."
Which JewJetter commented this at doorman Alex Julian on Facebook? Click through to find out!
Why, none other than Mr. JRL! Who else! After we brought back some old memories with our post about Justin Ross Lee's bevy of bans, some frenemies of JRL started coming out of the woodwork -- take a look below, and catch all of his quips HERE on his Facebook.
See our post about where JRL has been banned in NYC HERE!
[Photo via Facebook]


text:
It seems like everywhere we turn these days we are competing with someone over something. We may be competing with a sibling for the affection of our parents, we may be competing with a co-worker for a promotion, or we may be competing with ourselves in order to improve on our own personal skills. How would you feel if I told you that your competitive nature is a direct result of the city where you live?
Maybe you didn't get that last promotion because you were competing with the best of the best in the job market, and maybe you didn't have the best score the last time you played a round of golf because you were playing in a foursome with three other great golf players. Our own personal achievements are definitely a reflection of our own personal attributes, but at the same time our own personal success also depends on the abilities of our competitors. It is definitely a great achievement to become the best of the best, but would you also take pride in your success if you were the best of the worst?
MSN recently published a list of the most competitive cities in the world.
Where do you live?
9. Chicago. It's no surprise that the hometown of The Oprah Winfrey Show is one of the most competitive cities in the world. When you live in a town that produced one of the richest women in the world it is only obvious that there will be some competition.
8. Washington D.C. In a town that is full of politicians who are competing for citizen votes it is only normal that the competitive spirit spills over onto the city's residents. Washington D.C. is the nation's capital and the residents of Washington D.C. are known for being very well educated. Entrepreneurship instincts are also very high among residents of Washington D.C.
7. Zurich, Switzerland. When you live in a city that is known as the most popular location for international banking you are bound to have a competitive spirit. When you are surrounded by wealth it makes you want to be wealthy, when you are used to seeing people who live with life's luxuries it makes you want to have nice things too. Being surrounded by people who have nice things automatically makes us compete to have those things for ourselves.
6. Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo is a very popular destination where people want to travel and also where people want to live. Living in an overpopulated busy city definitely increases a person's competitive spirit.
5. Paris, France. The city of love is known for romance, but it is also known for the financial stability of its residents as well as the country's economic stability.
4. Hong Kong. Hong Kong is known for its economic growth and its financial stability as a country thanks to its many residents and many exports. Hong Kong is innovative and the competition to find the next big thing is fierce.
3. Singapore. This city is the most competitive city in Asia. It has global appeal which attracts both tourists and residents. Singapore is on my personal list of places to travel.
2. London, England. London is known as being the most competitive city in Europe and it is said to be the most appealing city in the world (although that may be because it will be hosting this year's Olympic Games).
1. New York City. It is absolutely no surprise that New York City is the most competitive city in the world. If you can make it here then you can make it anywhere. I personally hope to make it there someday very soon! I want to be living in New York City by December 2013 at the very latest.
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TripAdvisor's greatly anticipated Travelers' Choice Awards have been announced, awarding the Wentworth Mansion with top honors in three categories. Our 2014 TripAdvisor Travelers' Choice awards include:
Top Small Hotel in the US (#17)
Top Luxury Hotel in the U.S. (#12) and the most luxurious hotel in Charleston
Best Hotel for Romance in the U.S. (#19) and the most romantic hotel in Charleston
These accolades are particularly meaningful, as they are based off our guests' remarkable TripAdvisor reviews from the last year. We love reading the feedback, hearing tales about our incredible staff and experiencing the Wentworth Mansion from our guests' point of view. Here are a few of our favorite recent TripAdvisor comments:
Luxurious Treat- guest from New York, New York
"Always a good start when the concierge calls you a week before your arrival to find out what he can arrange in the way of restaurant or tour reservations. Otherwise, not much more to add to the many raves already posted about the spacious & immaculate rooms, lavish breakfasts and hit-the-spot afternoon wine and hors d'oeuvres. It's definitely one of the prettiest and best maintained places we've ever stayed in. We easily walked everywhere in the city from here, down to the tip of Charleston and back north – it's totally flat."
The Best – guest from Borger, Texas
"We travel quite extensively and I can say confidently that this is the finest boutique small hotel that I have ever been to. From the staff (attentive without being intrusive), to the complimentary breakfast at Circa 1886, to the rooms, everything was a solid 10. There is not one single complaint. There isn't a single improvement that I could even think of to mention. If you are lucky enough to find yourself in this great city, stay at the flagship and best accommodations in the area. The Wentworth Mansion is hall of fame worthy."
A Wonderful, Unexpected Stay – guest from Marlborough, Massachusetts
"My wife and I were on our way onto the plane when I received notification that our connecting flight had been canceled. We were not able to get back home that night so rather stay in another town we opted for another night in beautiful Charleston. Using TripAdvisor we decided to stay at the Wentworth Mansion since it was ranked excellent by many travelers. We agree! We were greeted at the door and the staff member was very friendly and helpful. He gave us a nice tour of the mansion and then showed us our room. What a great room! The fireplace added ambiance and the large bath tub was appointed such that one could luxuriate and enjoy the city view.
My wife and I stepped out (a quick note that King Street is only 10 min walk away) to buy a few clothing items (our luggage made it to the next city without us) and on our return back to the room there was a small black bag hanging on the door. The staff had gone out to purchase us deodorant, tooth brushes, and tooth paste knowing we lost our luggage! Now that is service! In the evening tasty appetizers from the 5 star restaurant were offered, wine was offered and night cap service was freely available in the parlor area. If you're looking for a romantic getaway in a unique luxury accommodation this is a great option!"
The Wentworth Mansion's Circa 1886 Restaurant has received praise in the new year as well. Both the Today Show and Travel + Leisure highlighted Circa 1886 as one of the most romantic restaurants in Charleston. During the month of February, pair a dinner at Circa 1886 with an evening of romance. Book a romantic getaway with our special Sweetheart Package. See package details and book your stay today.


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Curious Comedy Theater (map) Northeast
Thu., Sept. 8, 7:30 p.m. 2011
Is this like Whose Line Is It Anyway?
Mental State Department Presents PSICKASSIV: Problem Solving Initiative: Creating + Kindly Announcing Silly Solutions 4. PSICKASSIV is a game/challenge for comedians. Spectators submit problems they need solved and visiting comedians go create hilarious solutions. Simply everyone wins because there is a full bar.
5225 NE MLK, Portland, OR 97211


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The largest employer in the Cleveland, Ohio, area is about to get significantly smaller. In an announcement released Wednesday, Cleveland Clinic CEO Spokesperson Eileen Sheil said the hospital will offer early retirement to about 3,000 of its employees. She did not offer an estimated number of pink slips the facility will be handing out.
This move marks the hospital's first major layoff in more than a decade, Sheil explained, placing much of the blame on the dreadful and largely unknown consequences of the soon-to-be-implemented ObamaCare law.
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Layoffs will affect employees at all levels, she noted, explaining that staff members up to and including doctors might find their position on the chopping block.
According to a press release issued by the Cleveland Clinic, the hospital is "transforming the way care is delivered to patients" because of ObamaCare. Understandably, the facility tried to put its own spin on the bad news; however, the crux of this transformation is far fewer qualified personnel to care for patients.
TRENDING: Megyn Kelly Reveals What She Did for Fox News Execs at Audition: 'I Am Still Humiliated That I Did It'
In addition to layoffs and coerced retirement, the press release stated that administrators will engage in a "stricter review of filling vacant positions."
By the end of next year, the hospital plans to reduce operating costs by $330 million.
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Polling continues to show a rising trend of dissatisfaction with the healthcare reform law as Americans become more knowledgeable about its expensive and restrictive mandates. As more and more medical facilities follow the Cleveland Clinic's lead — or close down completely — the dangerous precedents set forth in ObamaCare will move from the abstract to undeniable reality.
At that point, the backlash will certainly result in a cacophony of indignation. Unfortunately, as with previously failed government programs, it might just be too late.
Photo Credit: Mr. Ducke (Creative Commons)
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This year has been a rush-hour for new Android tablets being released in the market. Many people are confused between the numerous options available. Should I get an iPad or an Android tablet? According to my opinion, the iPad is still ahead any other manufacturer; especially for business users.
The most exciting feature of the Apple iPhone 4S at the moment is Siri, the virtual assistant. As it is supported only in iOS 5 at the moment, the hope is that it will be coming to the iPad and iPad 2 soon. Hackers have been even able to import Siri to the iPhone 4. Now, it's the iPad 2′s turn to get the famous virtual assistant – Siri.
Developers have also ported Siri on the first generation jailbroken iPad, but it is facing some connectivity problems. The virtual assistant is unable to connect to Apple Servers in many cases. Developers are continuously trying to solve this problem.
With the upcoming thrill and increasing excitement for Siri, it is obvious that the iPad 2 will get it too very soon.
Let's take a look at what Siri does and why it is so discussed!
Siri was introduced in iOS 5 on the Apple iPhone 4S. It is the most important distinction between the iPhone 4 and the iPhone 4S. It is capable of doing anything from setting up reminders to opening up your bookmarks in the web browser, just with simple voice commands.
The assumptions are that Apple will shortly release an iOS 5 update that will enable the iPad 2 and iPhone 4 to run Siri officially.
The question now is whether developers can successfully port Siri to the jailbroken iPad 2 first or if Apple will release a patch for other iOS 5 devices before that happens.
The Apple event that took place last week was majorly based on the announcement of the new iPhone 4S smartphone. Read More
Did you even want to run a really cool Android app on your iPad just because one of your friends has it on his Android tablet or smart phone? Well, if you did, your dream is coming true now. People have started porting the Dalvik virtual machine on to a lot of other platforms like the BlackBerry, HP's WebOS, and finally, Apple's iOS. So, the day is not far away when you can install Gmail and Google's music app on your iPad, which is obviously awesome.
Alien Dalvik is the virtual machine which is said to do the magic. The developers say that they are implementing an layer of Alien Dalvik virtual machine between the Android app and the iOS architecture. Though there will be some bugs for sure, this middle layer implementation of the Alien Dalvik virtual machine will try to minimize the number of bugs there could be.
"From a user perspective, Alien Dalvik 2.0 is completely transparent and installed without user disruption. Users simply enjoy the same rich Android ecosystem they have become accustomed to via mobile on other key screens, such as playing Angry Birds on HDTV. This all while gaining faster access to a wider range of apps, thus encouraging a higher frequency of downloads and increased ARPU."
But to be frank, have you ever wanted to port an app from Android to iOS, or have you been completely satisfied with the many thousands of apps available for the iOS platform? Even if you wanted to get an app from the Android Market on to your iPad, which app would it be?
Many people say that they would never want an Android app on their iPad, but if that were to be true, why would anyone spend so much of productive time on porting the apps to the iOS platform. What do you think?
Apple and Nokia have had a deal with each other regarding some patent for which Nokia is paying Apple. But reportedly, Apple did not show this during its financial filing. What does this mean? This means that Apple is hiding hundreds of thousands of dollars that it is earning in profit from the patent agreement with Nokia from its investors, something that a company like itself is not supposed and expected to do. So, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) caught this and was all over Apple for justification.
This was going on a few months back this year, and now, there are few documents and the whole story of this available online, released officially by SEC. This has a lot of story and explains a lot about the deal and how the whole thing went up. I think Apple has finally managed to get some huge amount of money from Nokia to itself, without giving a dime to its investors. The whole story is given below, as said by MacRumors.
It was revealed in mid-June that Apple had entered into a patent license with Nokia to settle a series of lawsuits between the two companies, but Apple did not make any disclosure regarding the licensing agreement in its financial filings, despite the fact that analysts have suggested that the licensing fees could run into the hundreds of millions of dollars.
The SEC was apparently unsatisfied with Apple's lack of disclosure about the transaction, and sent a letter (PDF) to Apple in late June asking for more detail on the terms of the deal and information on Apple's decision not to address the topic in its regulatory filings.
We note various news articles discussing the patent litigation settlement between Nokia and Apple. Supplementally tell us the amount and terms of such settlement agreement, any amounts accrued, the periods in which they were recognized, and the timeline of the negotiations with Nokia that led to the June settlement agreement. Also, tell us how you considered including a discussion regarding this matter in your MD&A [Management Discussion and Analysis] disclosures and financial statement footnotes, including disclosure of a reasonably possible range of loss in excess of amounts accrued. Further, tell us how considered disclosing this event in a Form 8-K or tell us how you determined that such disclosure was not necessary.
Apple responded to the SEC on July 12th, offering at least some of the requested information, although details of the transaction are not included in the publicly-available document as Apple included a request and justification for confidentiality on portions of the letter. Information on Apple's disclosure analysis is, however, included, and it reveals that the company considered the deal to be part of its "ordinary course of business" and not material to its financial statements. Consequently, Apple determined that it was not required to discuss the agreement in its filings.
Apple's response was apparently still not entirely sufficient in the SEC's eyes, however, as the SEC sent a follow-up letter (PDF) on July 19th requesting additional information.
Please describe in further detail the terms, arrangements, obligations and rights associated with the Settlement Agreement and Patent License Agreement entered into between the company and Nokia. Also, describe for us each element of these Agreements (i.e. settlement portion, past usage, future usage, etc.).
Apple's response dated August 1st included five pages of confidential material not included in the publicly-available version, with three of those pages dedicated to full disclosure of the terms of the patent deal with Nokia.
Apple's response apparently satisfied the SEC, as the agency sent a notice (PDF) on August 17th acknowledging that it had completed its review of Apple's regulatory filing, although such notice does not prevent the SEC from taking additional action with respect to the filings in the future.
A few days back, we had seen that Foxconn had proposed a deal to Apple that it will set up a manufacturing plant in Brazil to manufacture the iPad, that has taken the world of tablet computers into his hand for a few years. But now, it seems like Foxconn's dream may not come true in the near future, Reuters says.
Reuters says that the deal is "stagnant," due to tax breaks, insufficient skills of Brazilians to manufacture iPads, and the country's untapped infrastructure to name a few.
"Yet the idea for a "Brazilian iPad" prompted immediate skepticism back home, where factories have struggled for years with high taxes, an overvalued currency and a lack of qualified workers due to poor education and a tight labor market.
The expected start date for production was first set for July, then delayed to November. Now, it is unclear whether the project will ever get off the ground, at least in the form that it was originally envisioned, the officials said on condition of anonymity."
Until all this is taken care of, I dont think there will be a Made in Brazil label on the iPad.
There are a lot of basketball games for the iOS platform and there may be one or two games more for the iPad compared to the iPhone. But how many of them are so special that you will do almost anything sane to get them on your device? Apple is announcing the iPhone 5 next week (hopefully) and it brings the still in beta iOS 5 to the market. Most of us are already on it, sure, but the public release is not yet out.
But it seems like Apple is not the only company announcing its next big thing next week. 2K Sports seems to have a thing of their own to showcase. You know it already, it is the NBA2K12. You may think that it is just another mobile NBA game, but think again, this may have some thing different. But what is it?
Well, NBA2K12 is the first mobile sports game to feature Michael Jordan. Actually, you have a whole mode in the game which revolves around him. And its called the Jordan Challenge. You may have played it on the console version of the game. You get to relive the 10 greatest performances that Jordan has played. CNET says the following:
"The graphics are what you'd expect on an iOS device for a sports game. Player models are decent, but player faces mapped onto a generic shaped head can look pretty bad at times. What's most important is the gameplay, and 2K12 plays smoothly; players on the floor are well spaced and the animations are great. Basketball is more than just dunking, and it's not that easy to get to the rim if you want to show off. The broadcast-TV-style presentation really separates it from other iOS sports games, with full commentary and replays that add extra polish."
If you want it, you will have to wait till next week when the company will release it.
Apple's iPad has been one of the best tablets out there, and also one of the best selling. Or should I say, the only best selling tablet? It would not be too incorrect I guess. Before the iPad, all we had were mini laptops with touch screen display that swiveled to make it a tablet. If you have used one of those convertible laptops, you would know how horrible the touch screen sensitivity was.
But iPad changed it all, it was the true tablet even though it was just a big iPhone without the phone part. The Apple iPad was sold in millions of units when it was launched. And that has never been false till now. Even today, if you take the stats of quarters, Apple is selling the tablet in millions of units.
In Q2 this year, there were a total of 7.5 million tablets sold in the North America. Any guesses how many of those 7.5 million tablets were the iPads? You would be amazed, but nearly 80% of those were iPads. Reports say approximately 6 million iPad units were sold in Q2 alone. Even all the Android, HP WebOS, and RIM PlayBook combined dint come anywhere near that figure.
This report comes from Strategy Analysis, as Boy Genius Report points out. SA analyst Alex Spektor says:
"Apple remains a long way ahead of its main rivals such as Motorola, Samsung, RIM, Asus and HTC. A combination of cool branding, user-friendly hardware, entertaining services and savvy retail distribution has made Apple a formidable market leader."
Now that HP is getting out of the tablet market by dropping all its plans of the WebOS based TouchPad, and RIM seeming to take the same road with its dying PlayBook, all that remain are a few Android based tablets to compete the iPad. How do you think this will work out?
Wednesday for a very busy day for both Amazon and a thousands of tech enthusiasts and tech bloggers around the world. The Amazon Kindle is one of the best, powerful, and inexpensive Android tablets out there. There is one rumor about the low cost of the tablet that Amazon has not actually tied up with Google for the Android distribution on the Kindle Fire, may be to avoid the huge payment of royalty to Microsoft for every Android device sold. But then, that has nothing to do with this story.
So what exactly has Apple to learn from Amazon? The Kindle Fire is a good tablet, but it definitely cant be another iPad, for sure. But it has one particular thing that Apple has to get, or do about the iPad. PC Magazine's Sascha Segan had an interesting conversation with Jon Jenkins, the director of Amazon's Silk browser project. They had a great talk, and in between that, Jon said something about rooting, which is jailbreaking in Android terms, that definitely will make hackers the most happiest men on Earth.
"Amazon's new Kindle Fire tablet has a great user interface, but many of our readers already want to get rid of it. That's OK. Amazon isn't doing anything special to prevent techies from "rooting" and rewriting the software on its powerful yet inexpensive new tablet. "It's going to get rooted, and what you do after you root it is up to you," Jenkins said."
That is something awesome. He also said that Amazon is not helping hackers in rooting the Android tablet, but the company isn't just trying hard, or even trying to stop them from rooting. And dont you think that is just what we need?
What if Apple does the same about the iPad? Will it let jailbreakers jailbreak the tablet? Hackers dont expect Apple to help them in jailbreaking, they just dont want Apple to try to stop them from doing so.
Since how many years have you been actually using cloud computing? Or exactly from how many years have you been hearing about cloud computing? For a lot of people, the concept is still not clear. There are so many people in the technological world, who are supposed to be heads of technical departments in different kinds of organisations, who think that cloud computing really has something to do with the clouds in the sky and weather. But Steve Jobs was different, and he still is.
Way back in 1997, at the WWDC Developer Conference, he said something. He spoke about his vision of how computing will be in the future and how he wants to participate in making that happen. I dont think most people dint give a damn about what he said. But now, he has introduced iCloud, a technology that all Apple products users are sure to love. This is his vision come true. And the best part is, right from the beginning of dreaming of his vision to accomplishing that, Steve Jobs has been here and did what he wanted to do, make it all happen.
At the 1997 WWDC Developer Conference, he said:
"Let me describe the world I live in."
And more, we are all living in the world that he wanted to live in. The attached five minutes video is worth a watch. You will know how determined Steve Jobs was and still is. His final words were:
"I can't communicate to you how awesome this is unless you use it. And what you would decide within a day or two is that carrying around these non-connected computers or computers with tons of state in them — tons of data and state in them — is Byzantine by comparison."
If you are thinking its here and you are already in the cloud, I believe this is just the beginning. There is a lot more to come.


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About the Book
A volatile U.S. ally has fallen prey to the terrorist beast. India is the target of radical Islamic jihadists, and the world watches breathlessly as tensions escalate between the uneasy giant and its longtime nemesis Pakistan—with China waiting in the wings, eager to flex its military might. A nuclear showdown seems inevitable, unless the masterminds at Dreamland can get to the mysterious source of the terror and end it, swiftly and permanently. Every technological wonder the military possesses must be employed to avert an all-out Apocalypse—from an awesome new hybrid Navy destroyer to robot Flighthawks. But the fate of the region and the world will depend on the newest brainchild of the Dreamland team: an unproven instrument of ultimate power code-named End Game.
Educator and Librarian Resources
Product Details
- Imprint: HarperCollins e-books
- On Sale: 10/13/2009
- Pages: 432
- List Price: 6.99 USD
- BISAC1: FICTION / General


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An overview of topics in satellite-based navigation, with labs using MATLAB
The GPS Technology Laboratory provides an overview of the elements of satellite-based navigation, centered on six lab projects and an individual project. It is by nature an interdisciplinary course, covering subject material in orbit prediction, satellite systems, signal processing, error modeling, computer programming, and digital and microwave electronics.
Professor Name: Penina Axelrad
Department: Aerospace Engineering Sciences
University: University of Colorado


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from LeadingAge
click to download the PDF
Nonprofit communities have long been recognized as having a tradition of serving the needs of older persons. Such communities, generally sponsored by religious organizations, fraternal groups or community-based agencies, are mission driven and governed by volunteer boards who are committed to caring for the needs of older people.
Nonprofit communities also take any surplus income generated and invest it back into the facility to improve or expand the quality care and services they provide. LeadingAge California members represents more than 400 nonprofit providers of senior living and care – including affordable housing, continuing care retirement communities, assisted living, skilled-nursing, and home and community-based care.
Click on each tab above to learn about the different housing and care communities LeadingAge California serves. You can also search a map with locations of LeadingAge California members.
Read and download the Consumer Guide on Aging Services
You may want to think about senior housing if you want to live independently, but don't want to or can't maintain the upkeep of your home. It's also a great option for people who want to live in a community with other seniors.
Depending on the community you choose, you can rent an apartment either at the market rate or if your income level applies, a lower rate. They are often specially designed with things like railings in bathrooms or power outlets higher up on the wall. They may also offer a 24-hour emergency call service if residents need help right away. Some places may also offer different kinds of services to the people who live there like meals, transportation, social activities and other programs.
Continuing care retirement communities, or CCRCs, offer a variety of living and care options for the duration of a resident's life. A long-term contract with the CCRC provides housing, services and nursing care, usually in one location, to a resident whose needs may change over the years. CCRCs typically offer independent, assisted living and nursing care. Additionally, services include meals; housekeeping; transportation; emergency help; social and education activities.
CCRCs are different from other types of housing options for older people because they offer you a contract that states the CCRC will provide you with housing and services for life. Most CCRCs require a one-time entrance fee and then monthly payments thereafter. These fees vary by community, depending on the type of housing and services they offer. Other CCRCs operate on a rental basis, in which you would make monthly payments.
Like most people, you probably want to stay in your home for as long as possible. However, you may need help and support to stay there. Home and community-based service providers can offer everything from help with the chores to health care services. Also, if you are taking care of a family member or friend, these services can give you needed relief and support.
Home and community-based services (HCBS) includes: Adult Day Services; Home Care/Home Health; Hospice; Programs for All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE); Senior Centers; and transportation services.
If a person needs some help every day, but not constant nursing care, a residential care facility for the elderly (RCFE) may be the right choice. Residents are typically 60 years or older and facility staff provide help with everyday needs, such as bathing or getting dressed, taking medicine, cooking, shopping, housekeeping, laundry and getting around. RCFEs provide assistance while still giving a person the chance to stay active and independent.
RCFEs may be part of a retirement community or nursing home, or they may stand-alone. They offer single or double rooms, or sometimes even suites or apartments, depending on a person's needs and how much he or she can afford.
Nursing facilities offer round-the-clock care if someone is too sick to live on their own, or if they need to recover after having an illness or operation. Some people stay for a short time and then go home. Other people may be sicker and need care for a longer period of time.
Nursing facilities are licensed by the state to provide nursing care, personal care and medical services. They also offer different kinds of therapies to help a person recover after an illness or surgery. Nursing facilities can be part of a larger community or freestanding.


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Need help? Ask one of our Jewelry Consultants. We'd really love to help you find the perfect piece.
Call us at 1-800-436-8803. Not a fan of the phone? Send an email and we'll answer promptly.
We're also available now on live chat, for almost instant jewelry gratification.
At Gemvara, we believe that the jewelry you wear should be one of a kind, like you. That's why we make each piece to order, one at a time, just the way you want it. Choose sapphire and platinum or quartz and yellow gold: it's your choice. Mix and match gems and precious metals for a look that's exactly you. It's jewelry for all life's occasions, from a wedding or anniversary to your own personal milestones and celebrations. Gemvara uses only the highest quality materials to craft your rose gold orange gemstone jewelry design with meticulous attention to detail. Our precious metals are recycled or responsibly mined. Rose gold adds a touch of sweetness to traditional gold. Gemvara offers a choice of 14k rose gold, the most popular variation or 18k rose gold, which has a higher gold content. Our wide selection of rose gold orange gemstone jewelry by David West, Martha Gomez Gutierrez, Just Like You Designs, and other talented designers means you can find jewelry that's exactly your style. You can also shop by style, choosing our Pure, Zodiac, or Our Picks Collections. Gemvara's fine quality rose gold orange gemstone jewelry is designed to be passed down for generations to come, crafted by hand in the United States.
We can help right away. Chat with a jewelry expert now!


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VISTA - Vista Unified School District officials are considering whether to continue to offer a shuttle-bus service that transports middle-school students to the district's newest campus and whether to add the service at two more schools.
The school board will discuss the issue at its monthly board meeting at 7 p.m. Thursday at Foothill Oak Elementary School, 1370 Oak Drive in Vista.
Also at the meeting, district officials will present the board with a $195 million budget for the 2007-08 fiscal year and will discuss a proposal to offer a small charter school space on a magnet high school campus the district is building in eastern Oceanside.
In addition to deciding whether or not the district should continue to bus students from Lincoln Middle School to the new Rancho Minerva Middle School, trustees will talk about whether to bus some students to Roosevelt and Madison middle schools.
District administrators have recommended eliminating the bus to Rancho Minerva and not starting it at the other two campuses, but trustees generally have supported the shuttles.
Trustee David Hubbard said Monday that he needs more information before deciding whether to extend the busing, though he said he thinks the district should continue busing students to Rancho Minerva as long as there are safety issues.
"I imagine that it's going to be one of those things that, despite the price tag, we need to do," he said. "I just don't think that walking area is going to be sufficiently safe."
The busing proposal doesn't include Washington Middle School, because the streets surrounding the campus have sidewalks, while some neighborhoods near the other three campuses don't, said Max Wheaton, interim transportation manager for the district.
The district started busing students from the downtown Lincoln campus in January, when the students and faculty of the campus moved to Rancho Minerva, a new school in a rural neighborhood three miles away.
The shuttles were one way to address concerns about the safety of students walking along narrow roads that surround the Rancho Minerva campus in eastern Vista.
District officials had originally planed to stop the bus service at the end of this school year, but have reconsidered because of the large number of students taking the shuttle each day.
It cost the district more than $50,000 this year to operate the shuttle buses for more than 400 students a day, about half of the students enrolled at the campus.
In order to expand busing to the other two middle schools and continue busing to Rancho Minerva, it would cost about $152,000 next school year, district officials said.
If the board approves the expenditure, the money would have to be found in an already tight budget, which district officials plan to present to the board Thursday.
The $195 million budget includes money for expanding the Lindamood-Bell and SuccessMaker programs that Superintendent Joyce Bales has touted as being vital for turning around student achievement in a district where students have struggled with test scores for years.
Also at the meeting, the board will consider a proposal to allow a local nonprofit organization to use some space on the 66-acre magnet high school campus the district is building in eastern Oceanside.
The organization, New Haven Youth and Family Services, hoped to open North County Trade Tech High School this year, but had difficultly finding an appropriate location.
The charter school is expected to serve 400 high school students eventually, with a project-based curriculum focused on preparing students for jobs in the construction industries.
Hubbard and trustee Steve Lilly presented the proposal after a contentious discussion last month about allowing the charter school to share the Lincoln campus with the magnet middle school the district plans to open there in August.
"It's pretty clear that the folks over at the magnet middle school don't feel comfortable with this site being here," Hubbard said. "They both kind of want to use the same facilities."
Hubbard said everybody seems happy with what he considers an "elegant" solution.
Board President Jim Gibson agreed. "It sounds like a great idea," he said.
- Contact staff writer Stacy Brandt at (760) 631-6622 or firstname.lastname@example.com .
Topics on tap for the Vista Unified School board meeting at 7 p.m. Thursday at Foothill Oak Elementary School, 1370 Oak Drive in Vista:
- Discussion of shuttle service for middle school students
- Facilities offer for Trade Tech High School
- Report on district hiring procedures
- Adoption of 2007-08 budget
- Discussion of cost increase for dual magnet high school campus.