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Green party back on Alberta's political scene
Monday, Jan 02, 2012 06:00 am
After a two-and-a-half-year hiatus, the Alberta green party is back on the political scene.
The EverGreen Party of Alberta was registered by Elections Alberta on Dec. 22, filling the void left by the de-registration of the Green Party of Alberta in 2009.
�We are ready to go,� said interim leader Larry Ashmore. �We have matured and it is now time for a green message that makes sense to Albertans.�
The organization circulated a provincial petition with a mandate to secure just over 7,000 signatures and ended up with 8,500, meeting the requirements to form a party.
The new party has received endorsement from Elizabeth May, an MP and head of the Green Party of Canada.
According to Ashmore, the new party is linked philosophically with the federal green party and green parties in eight other provinces. All of those parties have six fundamental principles in common: ecological wisdom, non-violence, participatory democracy, respect for diversity, social justice and sustainability.
�We are in the loop, we are back on the map in Alberta,� said Ashmore.
�At this point we have a whole lot of work in front of us.�
The party is expecting a provincial election between March and May and is hoping to elect a leader and find candidates for at least 50 ridings in preparation.
Ashmore said the party�s platform and policy haven�t been solidified yet, but he is expecting a general meeting of members to elect a leader and executive, endorse a constitution and establish policy.
Nick Burman, the president of the new party, said the party will likely use the old Alberta green policy and platform as a starting point.
�We are going to massage it to be more Albertan,� he said.
Burman added he believes the party will be well received.
�I personally believe if you take almost any Albertan outside the political ideology, I think a lot of them are really green at heart,� said Burman.
Personally, Ashmore said he would like to see candidates visit the oil sands in Fort McMurray.
�We have to get up there and meet people who work there, get the latest update on new technologies and find out the industry side of things,� he said.
Ashmore said he would like to bring more attention to a lack of water testing in the oil sands region and find solutions to the environmental problems associated with the resource, including the American pushback to the proposed Keystone Pipeline project.
�There are a lot of issues there that we can approach,� said Ashmore. �I would like to get our candidates up there and get our boots dirty.�
Real solutions to the problem of water and air pollution can be found, Ashmore added.
�There is a positive side to all of these (problems),� he said. �There are solutions. We are going to be the little party that says there are things we can do.�
Burman agreed.
�Whenever companies have tried to reduce their footprint they have proven more profitable,� he said. �It creates more employment and profitability.�
Burman said the province could become a leader in green energy.
�The science and engineering exists to do it,� he said. �We just need the political will.�
Ashmore, who will be running in the southwest Alberta riding of Livingstone-Macleod the home riding of Agriculture Minister Evan Berger, said he would also like to tackle democratic reform and look at ways to make the Alberta economy less dependant on the oil and gas industry.
Ashmore, a carpenter, said the party is seeking interested candidates to run across the province.
�This is the call out now,� he said. �Alberta has had pretty good Green support. We were polling at eight per cent and we didn�t even have a party.�


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Try 10k road race
1:00pm Saturday 30th August 2014
1:00pm Saturday 30th August 2014
RUNNERS are being urged to put on the afterburners if they want to enter the Taunton 10k Road Race on September 28.
The event, sponsored by Deane DLO, is limited to 650 runners and more than half the places have already been taken.
The closing date is September 17.
Sign up online, at taunton10k.co.uk or pick up forms from Blackbrook Pavilion, Wellsprings Leisure Centre, Wellington Sports Centre, Tony Pryce Sports or Taunton TIC.
© Copyright 2001-2017 Newsquest Media Group

subset: commoncrawl


text: So, here's the saga: My A4 1999 Quattro driver's headlight failed about a fortnight ago. Initially I thought it was the bulb so bought a new one (at £60+VAT!). Took it to Audi as I didnt' want to touch the thing, they fitted it and said it wasn't that; they didn't charge though, which I was impressed by. So, took it home and this weekend had a good old fiddle... but fixed it. I removed the headlight to get the bulb out. The connector to the bulb had a black mark, like something had blown. I scrubbed it clean with a wirebrush and put the bulb back in. NB: I did, inadvertantly at this point try the headlights (with ignition on) and heard a funny buzzing/rapid clicking noise from the engine compartment. Put all back together and headlights worked! Great! Now, any sensible person would've quit whilst ahead. Not me ... I was on a roll, and was next going to fix my ongoing ABS problem. I checked every fuse, to no avail. I also removed the ABS controller connector, and refitted. The following morning I went to start it and it just turned and turned but wouldn't fire. 2 days later, still won't start. I've done the following: - checked errors with VAGCOM. Showing 17833 evap purge valve n80 short to ground. Also showing water coolant sensor intermittant (this has been like this for months). Also I initially got MAF errors, but these have now gone, and I put them down to me driving it without the air intakes fitted for the fortnight. - I've checked all the fuses in the side panel. - I've checked the fuses behind the bolted drivers panel near the relays. - I've taken out the headlight and re-fitted. - I've removed the connector and tried headlights again (still buzzes/rapidly clicks ... so not sure if that's a sign that whatever relay it is is still ok?). - Fully charged battery. Engine turns perfectly freely. - Checked for fuel pump prime - sounds fine... not sure how else to check. Not sure what to try next. Would the VAGCOM tell me if it was a spark plug problem? One funny thing, if I remove the fuel pump fuse then try starting (with the fuse out) I get a short fire... this is the only way I can get it to fire. I suppose the EVAP purge valve is the first thing to test as it's the only consistent and new fault. Any ideas how I start with this? Thanks


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Congo: Catholic missionary survives gun attack
A Catholic missionary is recovering after a gun attack in the volatile North Kivu province in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.
Polish-born Father Kontor Wieslaw, a Pallottine missionary, was wounded in an ambush last Friday, Fides news agency reports.
Fr Wieslaw was returning by car to Rutshuru from a meeting in Ntamugenga when three armed men tried to stop him on the road. The missionary accelerated, but the attackers fired, hitting one of the car's tires. Fr Wieslaw was forced to stop, while the attackers continued to fire. He was hit by three bullets, two in the legs and another in his torso.
The attack occurred not far from the centre of town and Fr Wieslaw was immediately rushed to hospital in Rutshuru and underwent an operation on Monday. The doctors said he was out of danger.
The missionary's assailants remain unknown. "Fr Wieslaw has been carrying out his mission for over 20 years in the area, where he is parish priest of the Church of Saint Aloys in Rutshuru. He is very esteemed by everyone for his work in evangelization, pastoral care, and human promotion, sources told Fides.
Fr Wieslaw was visited in hospital by Bishop Faustin Ngabu of Goma, as well as by local civil and military authorities. Rutshuru is a town at 75 kilometres north of Goma, the capital of North Kivu. The province has been suffering a civil war for months, which is led by the National Congress for the Defense of the People (CNDP), which recently signed a peace accord with the central government.
Between January and February, North Kivu was the centre of a joint military operation by the Congolese and Rwandan armies against the Rwandan Hutus who took refuge in eastern Congo after the genocide 15 years ago.
Last month, a delegation of seven Congolese bishops went to North Kivu to express solidarity with the local people. On March 19, a week before his injury, Fr Wieslaw welcomed the bishops in his parish, where they celebrated Mass.
Source: CISA


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We already reported about the newly revamped Cartier 'Just Un Clou' Collection. We are big fans and apparently Honeyee is as well. The Japanese magazine has now produced an editorial for the new line, featuring Hiroshi Fujiwara, NIGO, Verbal and other Japanese tastemakers, all wearing the rings and bracelets from the Just Un Clou collection.
Check it out after the jump.


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Photo Galleries
Image 8 of 14
In this Nov. 7, 2008 file photo a soldier stands guard during the presentation in Mexico City of arms captured in the largest seizure of Gulf drug-cartel weapons to date, about 288 assault rifles, 500,000 rounds of ammunition, numerous grenades and several .50-caliber rifles. As the State Department says firearms obtained in the U.S. account for an estimated 95 percent of Mexico's drug-related killings, US gun rights groups increasingly worry that an outbreak in violence at the Mexican border could pave the way for a raft of new gun control measures.
Gregory Bull/AP/File
Image 8 of 14
© The Christian Science Monitor. All Rights Reserved.


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The A-Team: Season 1
Release Date: 19 July 2010 | Certificate: Suitable for 12 years and over
£9.59 includes FREE UK Postage (other delivery options available)
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All 14 episodes from the first season of the 1980s action series featuring the avenging soldiers of fortune. Episodes are: 'Mexican Slayride (Part 1)', 'Mexican Slayride (Part 2)', 'Children of Jamestown', 'Pros and Cons', 'A Small and Deadly War', 'Black Day and Black Rock', 'The Rabbit Who Ate Las Vegas', 'The Out-of-Towners', 'Holiday in the Hills', 'West Coast Turnaround', 'One More Time', 'Til Death Do Us Part', 'The Beast From the Belly of a Boeing' and 'A Nice Place to Visit'.
Release Date: 19 July 2010
Certificate: 12 - Suitable for Persons Aged 12 or Over
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Catalogue No: 8278814


text:
No matter how careful you are, you're going to drop your phone at some point. If you tend to not be so careful, or you have a job or hobbies that pose a risk for your phone, you need a protective case. The iPhone 4 Bullfrogz Case from iFrogz will protect your device from the disastrous effects of gravity. The Bullfrogz case has a polycarbonate core for strength, and the ribbed silicone exterior improves your grip and offers impact resistance. Buttons and connectors are covered to keep out dust. The cases are available in black/green, orange/black, and silver/black for $34.99.
Protect Your iPhone 4 with an iFrogz Case
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text:
Former Kiss drummer Peter Criss is set to say farewell later this year with a pair of convention appearances that are being billed as his final live performances.
Criss' official site offers details regarding the events, the first of which is scheduled to take place at the "Kiss Konvention Australia" from May 12-14 in Victoria, Australia. Per the Konvention's Facebook feed, the itinerary includes a Criss dinner performance that's being billed as "One Last Time," and is referred to on Criss' site as his final live performance in Australia. Tickets are on sale now, with a "VIP Full Tour" pass priced at AUD $2623.49 (roughly $1990 in American money).
The following month, Criss is scheduled to appear at the New York Kiss Expo, which his site lists as taking place from June 9-11 with "times and locations to be announced." Attendees can reportedly expect a "meet and greet experience" as well as a "New York landmark tour" and special guests at the expo itself. On June 16, Criss is scheduled to deliver his "final live performance in the U.S.A." at a VIP dinner show.
Criss' 2017 appearances represent something of a limited reprieve from his earlier retirement announcement, which surfaced right around the time he was set to take part in the New Jersey Kiss Expo in 2012 — an event that was billed as "one last hurrah."
Fans of Criss' solo work continue to wait for his next solo outing, which he teased in a 2014 interview while admitting he'd been tinkering with the tracks far longer than arguably necessary. "I've been sitting on a record … I'd done this thing like five years ago and I'm still messing with it," admitted Criss. "I'm not done, because I don't want to rush it. The sad thing is, you put music out today, and you download it immediately."
Kiss Albums Ranked Worst to Best


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Los Angeles, Oct 15 (IANS) Actress Emma Roberts has shared that she found her closest friends in her on-screen co-stars from "Scream Queens", as they spend a lot of time with each other.
The 24-year-old actress shared that actors Ariana Grande, Lea Michele, Keke Palmer, Abigail Breslin and Billie Lourd, have become a close group of friends as they spend lot of time together off the set of the Fox horror TV series, reports femalefirst.co.uk.
"We're always texting each other, we pick each other up for work, we go get pizza or coffee together. It doesn't feel like I'm just going to work every morning…," Teen Vogue magazine quoted Roberts as saying.
"Finally at a point in my life where I feel like I have the group of friends that I always dreamed of having, that I know I can support and trust and that make me feel confident," she added.


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The home-building industry is on pace for a big year in the San Diego County region and statewide, according to figures released Tuesday by the California Building Industry Association.
In the first five months of this year, local governments issued 84,367 building permits for new houses, condominiums and apartment units.
That's up 2 percent from the same period last year, signaling that the construction industry sees no sign that rising interest rates and sky-high prices will cut into demand for new homes in the near future.
Building permits are considered a key indicator of immediate construction plans: Permits cost so much that developers don't get them until just before they are ready to start construction. It takes six to eight months to build a typical house.
Alan Nevin, chief economist for the building industry group, said California is on track to add 200,000 new homes this year, the highest level since the construction boom of the late 1980s.
"I'm not looking for a dip at all (this year)," Nevin said.
Housing construction is regarded as a key segment of the local economy, and its strength since 1997 has accounted for a large share of overall growth in recent years.
In San Diego County, builders got permits for 4,362 single-family, detached houses in the first five months of this year, about the same number as this time last year.
Local governments issued 3,497 permits for new apartment units and condominiums, down 18 percent from the same period in 2003. Builders are on a pace to build 13,000 homes of all types this year, robust by recent standards, but well below the peak of about 35,000 homes built in 1986.
"As fast as prices have been rising, there's a lot of demand that has been pushing (construction) up," said Marney Cox, chief economist of the San Diego Association of Governments, the region's planning agency.
Cox said he expects local housing markets to remain strong as long as mortgage rates, which average about 6.25 percent for a 30-year, fixed-rate loan, remain below 8 percent.
At the same time, competition from low-cost developments in Southwest Riverside County and even Imperial County seem likely to cap construction in San Diego County well below the peak level of the late 1980s.
Economists and regional planners say that builders have failed to keep up with household formation for more than a decade, leaving the state in a dire shortage that has sent prices soaring and pushed ownership out of reach for many families. Coupled with recent signs of a rebounding state economy, tight supplies seem likely to propel the home-building industry through 2004.
"Based on the state's population growth of nearly 600,000 a year, combined with the continuing lack of enough homes and apartments to meet the demand, there is little chance that the housing market will collapse," Nevin said.
"Standing inventories of new homes are at essentially zero. You can't have a housing bubble if we aren't building enough houses to handle the demand."
Most analysts attribute the shortage to government land-use policies that restrict new developments and pile fees onto builders. But others point out that large construction firms have metered out the supply of new projects, thus boosting profits and avoiding the sort of overbuilding that preceded the housing recession of the early 1990s.
Nevin said he expects the figure for condo permits in San Diego County to surge later this year as several big projects begin construction in San Diego County. In fact, when the rising popularity of converting apartments to condominiums is considered, the county may create more condo units than houses this year for the first time in its history. Super-high prices of new and used houses appear to be driving large numbers of local buyers into condos.
In the first quarter of this year, a new house cost an average $648,933, a new condo an average $448,900, and an average apartment that was converted into a condo cost $278,644. In May, the median price of a used, single-family house was $580,000.
In booming Riverside County, where city officials have opened vast tracts for development, builders received a sizzling 12,480 permits for single-family houses in the first five months of 2004, about the same as through May 2003. Permits for apartments and condos plunged 41 percent to 1,606 units.
Contact staff writer Dan McSwain at (760) 740-3514 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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North Carolina man pleads guilty in shooting death of Falls woman
LOCKPORT – A North Carolina man who killed a female friend of his girlfriend's in Niagara Falls last fall accepted a plea offer Friday in Niagara County Court.
Richard H. Moore, 50, of Winston-Salem, pleaded guilty to first-degree manslaughter and could be sent to prison for as long as 25 years when he returns before County Judge Matthew J. Murphy III on May 2.
Moore showed no interest in the plea offer when it was given to him two weeks ago, but assistant public defenders A. Joseph Catalano and Michael E. Benedict said he eventually thought better of it.
Benedict said Moore was "taken aback" by the offer Jan. 31. Catalano said the two-week break gave him time to talk to his mother and siblings about the situation.
"He didn't really want to put the (victim's) family through a trial. He knows what happened," Catalano said.
Deputy District Attorney Doreen M. Hoffmann said she offered a reduction from the original charge of second-degree murder because of the "totality of the circumstances."
Among those circumstances, according to Catalano, was the fact that Moore has no prior criminal record. He said Moore has had a career working as a certified nurse's aide in nursing homes. "He devoted his life to helping people," Catalano said.
Moore and his girlfriend of more than five years, Cammesoa M. Williams, 42, came to Niagara Falls to attend the wedding of Williams' cousin. They were expecting to stay in the North Avenue apartment of Tijuana Davis, 39.
However, on the night of Sept. 28, an argument broke out – Catalano said Williams and Davis were arguing over drugs and money – and Moore shot Davis once in the stomach. Williams, a Lockport native now living in Winston-Salem, is charged with second-degree criminal possession of a weapon and is scheduled to appear in court Tuesday.
Police at first charged Williams with shooting Davis after she was down, but upon further review it was determined that the shot Williams fired missed Davis and struck the wall of the home.
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|Monday Morning Blast Email!
|Chamber News
|Wednesday, February 17 2016 12:22
Like clockwork, every Monday Morning Chamber Members receive a pleasant e-mail from the Butler County Chamber (actually from Stan) outlining the upcoming events and programs, including committee meetings. Did you know that you are welcome to join one of our committees or affiliates and become more involved in our activities and programs? With only two employees our chamber would not be able to accomplish all that it does without volunteers from the membership, and for this we are thankful.
The following is a list of Chamber Committees and Affiliates:
Friday Morning Coffee Club (weekly)
Please call Jennifer at 724.283.2222 or e-mail Jennifer to sign up. We encourage you to participate and put your knowledge and talents to improving our Butler County Business Community.


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The $51 million Community Credit Union of Southern Humboldt in Garberville, Calif., has converted its core processing to the i-POWER system from EPL Inc. of Birmingham, Ala.
The conversion was the fourth in her career for CEO Shon Wellborn. "The issues that came up were resolved immediately, and while there's a learning curve on any new system, i-POWER is easy to learn and once you figure out where things are the workflow is intuitive," she said.
"In the past I would have given anything for access to IT staff. Now I have a whole team that lives in Alabama and supports us and responds to us and it's all included in the price," Wellborn said.
The 4,900-member Community CU of Southern Humboldt began operations in the heart of the California redwoods in 1980. It had been running on a Fiserv CUSA platform, according to the Technology Survey from Callahan & Associates.
Credit union-owned EPL said it now serves 135 credit unions across the country.


text:
Get a free shipping quote.
Urgently Must sell! 1995 Registered AQHA mare. 15.1 hh chestnut with lots of chrome. She has no vices, easy to catch, bath, clip, load and haul. Great in a group or alone. Up to date on shots and farrier. Completely sound and healthy. She loves people and anyone can ride her. Has been used for 4H, gymkhana, trail riding and chased cows. Ridden both english and western. Has had one foal and made a great mother. More photos available. Must sell due to being laid of work and retuning to school. Will look at all reasonable offers. $1500 obo. Delivery can be arranged.
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|Problems? Is your data what you think it is?
Re: eval to replace die?by eyepopslikeamosquito (Chancellor)
|on Oct 04, 2010 at 03:36 UTC ( #863236=note: print w/replies, xml )
|Need Help??
I doubt that PBP (2005) is up to date with the latest developments in this area. The recently released (2010) 2nd edition of Effective Perl Programming recommends the CPAN Try::Tiny module (released 2009) and the new core autodie pragma (added to perl 5.10.1 in 2009): see items 101 ("Use die to generate exceptions") and 103 ("Handle exceptions properly"). In particular, item 103 summarizes with "handling $@ is tricky, but Try::Tiny does it correctly". Re dependencies etc., the Try::Tiny CPAN ratings look good ("small, zero dependencies, ...").
In Section Seekers of Perl Wisdom


text:
Ed Brubaker and Sean Phillips, the writer and artist team behind such brilliant and award-winning crime comics as Sleeper, Criminal and Incognito, are set to release the first issue of their newest collaboration this week. Fatale promises an intriguing blend of noir and horror, and legendary comics scribe (and friend of Brubaker) Warren Ellis has treated us to an advanced reading copy of the first five pages on his website. Ellis describes Fatale as "a lot of fun", which is rare praise. Horror comics are currently experiencing somewhat of a resurgence, with excellent titles such as The Walking Dead, Baltimore and Locke & Key all enjoying great success recently. Brubaker has already proven himself a master of noir storytelling, so it will be interesting to see how he fares with the horror genre. Based on the Fatale preview however, it looks like he and Phillips have knocked another one out of the park and this is already one of my most anticipated releases of 2012.
Read the first five pages of Fatale #1 below.
Issue #1 of Image Comics' Fatale hits the shelves in two days time. Check out the hilarious and awesome alternate cover below.


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Tag: Vale
Value Investing Ideas: Edition #1
by sahilalvi on Mar.30, 2012, under Finance
With a view to informing the readers of this blog of value (and sometimes, 'deep value') investment opportunities on a regular basis, I am launching this blog-stream that will offer up a few specific investment ideas.
Before I get into specific names, let me define 'value' as I see it. There are certain metrics which — either in combination or on their own – will qualify specific investments as deep value in my view:
1. P-E Ratio: Any equity trading less than P-E ratio of 10 or less.
2. 52-Week Trading Range: Any equity that trades within 25% of its 52-week low (in combination with the other metrics).
3. Dividend Yield: Any company that offers a Dividend Yield of more than 3% (in combination with the other metrics).
4. Positive Cashflow Entity's Negative Event-driven Moves: Any cashflow positive company with net margins of 10% or more whose equity has seen more than a 20% price reversal within a week (in combination with the other metrics). Such equities are particularly well-suited for tactical, opportunistic, event-driven 'snap-back' trades.
Now that we've defined 'value,' let us move on to the first edition of 'value' recommendations. In this edition, I would like to cover a few mining stories:
1. Vale (NYSE: VALE):
- The world's largest iron ore producer trades at a modest P-E multiple of less than 6.0
- This Brazilian miner offers a generous dividend yield of 5.1%
- The stock is currently trading roughly 15% above its 52-week lows
2. Anglo American (PINK: AAUKY)
- This large, diversified global miner trades at a P-E multiple of a little over 7.5
- It trades within roughly 20% of its 52-week lows
3. Cliffs Natural Resources (NYSE: CLF)
- This American-headquartered miner trades on a multiple that is a little over 6.0
- It offers a healthy dividend yield of 3.5%
4. Barrick Gold (NYSE: ABX)
- The world's largest gold producer trades on P-E of just over 9.0
- The stock is trading within 5% of its 52-week lows
5. BHP Billiton – ADR (NYSE: BHP / NYSE: BBL)
- The world's largest miner trades both its ADR's on NYSE below P-E multiples of 8.5
- Both of the company's ADR's provide a dividend yield higher 3%
In the coming weeks and months, more such 'deep value' investing ideas are to follow.
Vale: The performance and promise of Brazil and Basic Materials packed into one
by sahilalvi on Dec.04, 2010, under Economics, Finance
According to the company itself: "Vale is the world leader in iron ore and pellet production and the second biggest nickel producer."
Coming out of The Great Recession, Vale (NYSE: VALE) is poised to gain from expansion of the manufacturing base — particularly in markets like China, India, Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and Latin America. The second-biggest miner in the world already, Vale has a growing global footprint of 38 countries with an exposure to most of the world's high growth markets — not in the least its home country of Brazil.
Furthermore, there are very real geological and geo-political constraints on the supply of minerals Vale (or any of its competitors) can extract, process and sell on the world markets. This demand-supply dynamic has both secular as well as a cyclical themes interwoven. Hence, the global demand-supply dynamic for Vale's products bodes well for the company's growth prospects and profit margins for a long-time to come.
Vale is also showing an enormous appetite for bottom-line results with Net Profit Margin almost doubling from a 2009 margin of 21.6% to the Q3, 2010 figure of 40.9% . Even as of 2009, the company was only 310 basis points (in net profit margins) behind the industry's most profitable of the large mining and metals companies: BHP Billiton.
Vale's Net Profits are just as noteworthy because the Brazilian company generates revenues that are approximately half compared with another industry leader Rio Tinto — whose top-line figure for 2009 was US$ 41.8 billion compared to Vale's US$ 23.3 billion. Yet, Vale's 2009 Net Profits were US$ 5 billion compared with Rio Tinto's US$ 5.8 billion — which makes Vale's profits merely 15% less that that of Rio Tinto's.
In light of the positive fundamentals, the company is on massive expansion drive with a planned capital outlay of US$ 24 in 2011 alone. To contextualize Vale's ambitious growth plans, Xtrata — the Anglo-Swiss rival has planned capital outlays of US$ 23 billion over 6 years from 2011 through 2016.
There are — however — large, concentrated, inter-connected and material risks to Vale's growth story. Two that are particularly noteworthy:
1. China, and
2. Steel.
According to Vale's 2009 annual report:
"In 2009, Chinese demand represented 68% of global demand for seaborne iron ore, 44% of global demand for nickel, 39% of global demand for aluminum and 40% of global demand for copper. The percentage of our operating revenues attributable to sales to consumers in China was 38% in 2009."
If China slows down, Vale's (and most metals and mining companies') revenues and profits decline. Furthermore, the company's heavy exposure to the global steel market makes it vulnerable to fluctuations in the fortunes of this industry — particularly from a downstream steel consumption perspective in industries like infrastructure, transportation, construction and real estate.
The annual report goes on to say:
"Iron ore and iron ore pellets, which together accounted for 59% of our 2009 operating revenues, are used to produce carbon steel. Nickel, which accounted for 14% of our 2009 operating revenues, is used mainly to produce stainless and alloy steels…The prices of different steels and the performance of the global steel industry are highly cyclical and volatile, and these business cycles in the steel industry affect demand and prices for our products."
There are other lesser risks such as:
- Price volatility of nickel, copper and aluminum that are actively traded on global commodity markets;
- Capacity expansion gestation periods and consequent constraints to meet demand in the short-to-medium term;
- Geo-political considerations given that many of the mineral-rich countries have unstable political and regulatory regimes.
All that said, the company has a growing and diversified geographic market with 50% of its sales coming from the growing continent of Asia. Vale also has a swath of valuable mines being developed in resource-rich Latin America, Africa and Central Asia, among other mineral-rich locations around the world. Over several decades, the company has developed an extensive, defensible, and hard-to-replicate production and distribution capability — again with a global span. With the insatiable demand for basic materials in developing and frontier markets, Vale is a growth story based on strong fundamentals.
Not to mention, given the company's healthy cash flow generation capability, Vale can be expected to pay out steady dividends in the forthcoming years.
As of December 3, 2010, Vale's ADR (NYSE: VALE) traded at approximately 14.2 times earnings compared with its other global metals and mining peers' ADRs:
- Rio Tinto (NYSE:RIO): 14.9
- BHP Billiton plc (NYSE:BBL): 16.8
- BHP Billiton Ltd (NYSE:BHP): 19.5
- Xstrata (LON:XTA): 29.1
- Anglo American plc (PINK:AAUKY): 40.2
Since I added Vale's ADR to my simulation portfolio on Sept 17, 2010, the position has gone up by 23% in merely two and half months (as of Dec 3, 2010).
Moreover, it is a highly liquid ADR — consistently ranking as one of the highest traded ADR's on NYSE.
The target P/E one could set for the ADR is a value of 20 times its earnings per share compared with its current P/E of 14.2. Even at a P/E of 20, it is worth "taking stock" (no pun intended) rather than sell-off the entire position.
Given Vale's exposure to the twin forces of Brazil's breathtaking economic expansion coupled with the insatiable global demand for minerals and metals that Vale produces, the company's stock and ADR are poised for a significant upside.
In essence, Vale is really a "buy and hold" play over the medium-to-long run.
Disclosure: The author owns no stock of Vale and has written this research note purely based on publicly available information.


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Originally Posted by jwmeep
That interviewer talks about Walking Dead too much.
Originally Posted by blackcanopus
The mystery project that they signed for in December is what intrigues me most. I'd personally want (and bet on) an Elder Scrolls game with Skyrim's engine, similar to what they did with Fallout: NV.


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IDF Liaison to Cut Ties With PA After Hamas Cabinet Sworn In
Will switch focus to aid organizations, ordinary Palestinians; Haniyeh: Government to be ratified Wednesday.
Israel's liaison officers in the West Bank will stop dealing with the Palestinian Authority after the Hamas cabinet takes office and switch their focus to international organizations and ordinary Palestinians, anIsraeli official said Sunday.
Palestinian Prime Minister-designate Ismail Haniyeh said Saturday that the new government under Hamas will be sworn in Wednesday, following its ratification by parliament.
Shlomo Dror, an Israel Defense Forces spokesman on Palestinian affairs, said that the liaison offices throughout the West Bank would continue functioning after the cabinet takes office.
The office will no longer work with the Palestinian Ministry of Labor, but will deal with individual Palestinian workers, Dror said. It also will deal with medical emergencies through hospitals and aid groups, not the government, he said.
"The liaison office is going to continue to operate. We will work more with the Palestinian people and less with the Palestinian Authority we will try to work with international organizations and local hospitals," Dror said.
Israel will also reduce its relations with the Gaza Strip, from which it withdrew last year, to a minimum, he said.
The Palestinian Legislative Council is to convene on Monday for a confidence vote on the 24-member cabinet. Approval is seen as a certainty given that Hamas has a majority in parliament after a crushing election victory in January.
"On Wednesday at the latest there will be a special session for the government to be sworn in before Abu Mazen," Haniyeh told reporters, referring to Chairman Mahmoud Abbas.
Earlier Saturday, a senior aide to Abbas hinted that the PA chairman was prepared to bring down Hamas' incoming government if its militant policies harm Palestinian interests.
In a letter to Haniyeh, Abbas said that if the new government, which is to be sworn in Thursday, "adopts positions that would be detrimental to Palestinian interests, then the president will use his authority according to the Basic Law," the aide, Tayeb Abdel Rahim, told reporters.
Abdel Rahim did not elaborate, but the Basic Law, which is the Palestinians' de facto constitution, empowers the president to disband the government.
Abbas plans to warn the incoming government led by Hamas militants that it has no future unless it agrees to recognize Israel, U.K. newspaper, The Guardian, reported Saturday.
Hamas, whose cabinet is to be sworn in on Thursday, rejects Israel's right to exist, and despite Western threats of an aid cutoff, has refused to abandon its violent ideology.
The Guardian newspaper said the letter, which it saw, told Haniyeh that Hamas' policies would damage or reverse "diplomatic achievements," give Israel a pretext not to negotiate, and cost the Palestinian Authority much-needed foreign aid.
Sources close to Abbas said the letter was meant to "draw the battle lines" with Hamas, which has no experience in national politics, but also to warn Israel and the West that threats to sever aid and ties would likely strengthen the Islamist party, the newspaper said.
"Abu Mazen doesn't want Hamas to fail, he wants it to transform, to accept the basic tenets of the political system," the source said.
But a Western aid cutoff could play into Hamas' hands, the source cautioned.
"Under no circumstances will Abu Mazen allow it to be seen that a Hamas government is failing as a result of a foreign conspiracy. This works for Hamas," he said. "To avoid the perception they fail because of a foreign conspiracy we need the world to show that it is still willing to support the moderate line and not just cut us off."
Abbas to retain control of investment fundA Palestinian investment fund that controls hundreds of millions of dollars will remain under the control of Abbas, Palestinian legislator Saeb Erekat said Friday - a move that would deny Hamas militants access to the money after they take power next week.
In another measure to consolidate his power before the Hamas government is installed, Abbas plans to set up a new presidential agency to oversee border crossings between the Palestinians and Israel, according to Erekat, who said he's been designated the agency's chief. The agency's purpose would be to settle border disputes with Israel that might keep the crossings closed, Erekat said.
Abbas' predecessor, Yasser Arafat, set up the investment fund in 2000 to calm an international outcry over a crony's diversion of hundreds of millions of dollars from the Palestinian treasury. Arafat appointed reformist finance minister Salam Fayyad to invest the money on behalf of the Palestinian Authority, but after Fayyad resigned to run for parliament in January, then-Prime Minister Ahmed Qureia took over the fund.
With the new Hamas Cabinet set to be sworn in on Thursday, Abbas intends to keep the fund under his office, a senior aide said on condition of anonymity because no official action has been taken yet.
It is not clear how much money is in the fund. An international audit in early 2005 said investments had brought the $900 million fund to $1.4 billion, but the PA has dipped into it to pay for ongoing expenses.
Abbas' control of the money would make financial matters even worse for the militants as they take over a government that has survived, in part, on international aid for its 12-year existence. The cash flow is expected to get tighter after Hamas takes power, because Western nations have threatened to withhold hundreds of millions of dollars in aid unless the group changes its violent ways.
Abbas' plan to set up a border crossings agency would be another power play. The crossings have so far been managed by the Ministry of Civil Affairs, which will now be run by the incoming Hamas government.
Israel has kept the Gaza Strip's main cargo crossing closed for most of the year, citing security threats. Palestinians claim they are being punished for Hamas' electoral victory, and until recently, rejected Israel's offer of alternate crossings while the Karni passage is closed.
Another main crossing, between Gaza and Egypt, is run by the Palestinians, with EU inspectors, who might prefer to deal with officials close to Abbas, rather than with Hamas. A presidential decree to establish the agency is sitting on Abbas' desk, but he has not yet signed it, said his aide. Abbas is attending an Arab summit in Khartoum, Sudan, and is expected back in the West Bank next week.
Abbas: Peace deal can be reached within one yearA peace deal to end the Israeli-Palestinian conflict can be achieved within less than a year, Abbas told Haaretz on Wednesday.
Speaking to Haaretz from the Muqata compound in Ramallah, Abbas said he had proposed to the United States to open covert negotiations for a final status settlement. The talks would be spearheaded by President George Bush, after the new Israeli government was set up.
To read the full interview with the Palestinian leader, click here.
Abbas said he had also raised the idea at a meeting with Shimon Peres (Kadima) two weeks ago in Jordan. However, a senior Palestinian source said Bush had not responded to Abbas' suggestion to pressure the new Israeli government to abandon its unilateral policy and resume the peace process.
Abbas said the Hamas government would not stop him from negotiating with Israel. If both sides reached an agreement, he would be the one to sign it and if necessary, would even put it to a referendum, he said. He said he would act to moderate Hamas and that at least one Hamas minister told him he would be ready to talk to Israel on ministerial issues.
Abbas said he feared Israel was not interested in negotiations and was avoiding them under the pretext of having no Palestinian partner.
The solution must be based on the 1967 borders, the PA chairman said, adding that he did not rule out territorial exchanges. He also said any solution to the refugee problem must be accepted by Israel.
Addressing the Israeli voter he said, "These are historic times. I can assure you that you have a peace partner. Perhaps this is the last chance to give both our nations the right to live safely. The future generations would not forgive us if we pass it up."
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Last week we dealt with the infamous ramen noodle. This time, my four buddies and I head into the world of Pho and vermicelli, the rice-based cousin of wheaty ramen. We do so at Saigon Shack, a Vietnamese sandwich and noodle shop at 114 Macdougal Street, a few short blocks away from Washington Square Park.
From the outside, it's somewhat difficult to see the restaurant itself, as there is always a crowd waiting for seats and blocking the glass storefront. If you decide to be brave and shove your way through this crowd, though, you'll see an equally packed, unpretentious interior made of brick and wood. The crowd was somewhat deceptive, though; we had to wait only 20 minutes for our 5 spots at a common table. Still, though, the wait wasn't fun, and it would have been much worse if it had not been for Thelewala, an Indian Street food restaurant that we found right next door.
This place gets top marks for saving us from our pre-meal starvation without forcing any of us over our $13 cap. We got a Thelewala Chicken roll, (Chicken, fried eggs, red onions, house blend spices and lime wrapped up in a warm, soft roti) and a Chicken Malai roll (the same, with lime and house spices) for $5.50 each to split between the five of us. $2.10 per person, we thought, was well worth it. Thelewala's approach is similar to that of other Indian street food vendors; neither of these rolls were unprecedented creations, but their execution made them stand out against their peers. They were packed with complex flavor, they were hot and substantial, and most importantly, because this is not the case with most other rolls, they were moist and tender. The rolls were relatively small, making them not ideal for five-way sharing, but they were good enough to makes us all happy with what little we got.
My only regret is that we had to eat them so quickly… As we were eating these outside Saigon Shack, our table was called after a reasonable 20 minutes (only 5 minutes longer than we were told it would take.) Bringing outside food into the restaurant is taboo, so we had to scarf our rolls down. Somewhat of a waste. Still worth it.
After being seated at the common table, we got settled in quickly with menus and water. We were so happy with out first 5-way appetizer split that we decided to do it again in Saigon. We got Grilled Pork Chop Summer rolls: $5 for 4 rolls of crisp greens wrapped up with noodles and a generous portion of meat by a wide, translucent rice noodle. (My friend Jen took one for the team and selflessly went without a summer roll; I'd like to take this chance to memorialize her noble action. Thank you Jen Chan. You, of course, missed out tremendously.) These, again, were delicious. Crunchy and chewy, warm and cool, they were just what we needed to clean away the lingering spice leftover from the Thelewala rolls.
Finally, it was time for the main course. All four of my friends got the $8 S.S. Spicy Special Noodle, a spicy compromise for the indecisive meat lover: rather than just one type of meat, it featured smaller portions of beef, roast pork, and vietnamese ham, all of which were very fatty and tender, stewed to perfection. Spiced with what I'm guessing was Sriracha, it was a little too much for my delicate palate; I'm a bit of a wuss when it comes to spiciness. For the masochists, though, Saigon Shack provided us with plenty of extra chili peppers and Sriracha for an optional heat boost. The noodles themselves I thought were a tad over cooked. This may have been because I was only allowed to eat the scraps in the bowl fifteen minutes after it was first served, though, so I won't be too harsh on this point. All four of my buddies, after all, gave an enthusiastic two thumbs up to their pho, the classic, thin Vietnamese rice noodle that they had all been homesick for. (There aren't many Vietnamese restaurants around Morningside Heights)
I, for the sake of diversity, got Roast Pork over Vermicelli for $8, with an extra egg for another $1.50. The dish was simple, but high quality: roasted meat over dry rice noodles, covered with a layer of chopped lettuce, served with a pungent orange colored sauce on the side. The food was very accessible. Further, the portions, given the price, were fantastic. I actually ran out of noodles before I ran out of meat, which I'm pretty sure has never happened to me ever. 10 points to Saigon Shack for generosity with their protein.
I have only two regrets. First, I'm not sure the egg was worth it. It was a tasty egg, for sure, and it looked nice on the dish, but it was too small to really affect my experience of the dish as a whole. Second, our pork summer rolls were essentially a more expensive version of my dinner wrapped up in rice noodle, making my order somewhat redundant. Next time I'm back, which I'm sure will be fairly soon, I'm planning on either trying out another appetizer or ordering the roast pork vermicelli, sans egg, as an appetizer.
In spite of our imperfect ordering, we got out of a double-restaurant dinner at Saigon Shack and Thelewala for $10.35 each, (or in my case, $12.85, with the extra egg.) That's a lot better than a meal swipe.


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and receive email updates
Become a friend of the museums.
Trip Advisor
Follow @EdinCulture
The area beside the museum is Makars' Court, an evolving national literary monument. You can see some of the famous words of great Scottish writers inscribed in the flagstones. Look out for quotes ranging from the 14th century John Barbour to Dame Muriel Spark who died in 2006.
New flagstones are added on a regular basis.
The Scots word Makar means 'one who fashions, constructs, produces, prepares, etc.' (Dictionary of the Scots Language), and in a literary context it is the role of the poet or author as a skilled and versatile worker in the craft of writing. We have many such folk living in Scotland, and to celebrate the importance of writers in our lives, in this City of Literature, Edinburgh has adopted its own version of the Poet Laureate: the Edinburgh Makar.
More on Makars' Court (PDF, 146 kb)


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Let the holiday season begin! There's no bah-humbugging here. We are bubbling over with holiday cheer. Mele Kalikimaka dear readers.
Mele Kalikimaka is the thing to say on a bright Hawaiian Christmas Day…
The traditional preparations always begin the day after Thanksgiving. We fill the house with festive Christmas music and put on a pot of simmering potpourri that says the holiday season has ARRIVED.
Warm, spicy, and decadent, the scent wafts through the house and brings joy to happy sniffers everywhere.
- 1 orange
- 1 cinnamon stick
- 3 cloves
- 3 cardamom pods (optional but recommended)
- 2 cups of water
- Slice orange and add all ingredients to a small 2 cup slow cooker or saucepan. Note: If using a gas stove, slightly open a nearby window to prevent build up of fumes.
- Turn heat on low and keep warm to fill the house with the official scent of holiday cheer.
- Add water as needed.
Once the house is brimming with merriment, Daddy gets the task of lugging up all of the decorations and the tree from the basement. Poor hubby. Katie and I tear into the boxes right away and start setting up.
I want a hippopotamus for Christmas. Only a hippopotamus will do. No crocodiles, no rhinoceruses. I only like hippopotamuses. And hippoputamuses like me too.
The stockings were hung by the chimney with care, in hopes that St. Nicholas soon would be there.
We finish by dressing the tree. Reds and greens, silver and gold, store bought or homemade, each ornament tells a story and carries joyful memories. Pretty Miss Katie always takes a minute out to enjoy her glitter globe snowman ornament. It's her very favorite ornament.
Thanks to my loving hubby, I finished off the day with a perfect cup of tea and reflected on the many blessings that are my life. Happy holidays everyone! May you be surrounded by good people, filled with great food, and smile so big and so often that your cheeks are sore from the effort.
Happy Holiday…Happy Holiday…May the calendar keep bringing happy holidays to you.
This post is part of Monday Mania, Make Your Own! Monday, Barn Hop, Clever Chicks Blog Hop, Gluten-Free Monday, Fat Tuesday, Family Table Tuesday, Traditional Tuesdays, Slightly Indulgent Tuesday, Waste Not, Want Not Wednesday, Real Food Wednesday, Frugal Days, Sustainable Ways, Works For Me Wednesdays, Allergy-Free Wednesday, Healthy 2Day Wednesday, Wheat-Free Wednesday, Homemaking Linkup, Party Wave Wednesday, GAPS Friendly Friday, Small Footprint Friday, Freaky Friday, Gluten Free Fridays, Fresh Bites Friday, Fight Back Friday


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Get A Sneak Peek At Pixar's Short Toy Story: Hawaiian Vacation
Disney/Pixar has released a 30-second sneak peek and two high-resolution images for Hawaiian Vacation, the Toy Story animated short that premieres with Cars 2 on June 24.
The six-minute short picks up with Woody, Buzz, Jesse & Co. as they settle into their new lives with Bonnie. But when Ken and Barbie's plans for a Hawaiian getaway fall through, Ken tries to recreate the vacation experience in Bonnie's bedroom.
Director Gary Rydstrom talks with Entertainment Weekly about Hawaiian Vacation, revealing most of the (brief) story details in the process. So, if you don't want to learn more than the general premise, you should probably avoid the link. Another Toy Story short will follow in November, attached to The Muppets.
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Need some advice
I've been reading the forums for a bit, and decided to post. I figure I throw out my dilemma and have other people critique it.
Here's my background, I am currently 6'0" at 217lbs. I've been working out for the last 2 years, going to the gym 3-4 times a week. I've recently started running about 1.5-2.0 miles per session afterworkout.
My problem is that I've been going for the past 2 years and I'm not quite happy with the results I've been getting. I've been doing lots of bulking up in the last year (20 lbs), but its getting to spring time and I would really like to lose the gut and get more toned.
Problems I have:
I work a 9-5 job at an office without the ability to move around too much. Once I get back home, I am usually cook lunch/dinner eat and go to sleep until my roomate gets home around 9-10pm. At that time we hit the gym with weight training in the 1st half, and approximately 15-20 minutes of running afterwards. Another problem is that I am not able to wind down until 2-3am, so therefore that nap is fairly important to maintain.
My goal is to get leaner in the next 3-4 months. Any suggestions will greatly be appreciated .
First write down what you eat every day for us then we might be able to help you with your problem.
Second, just because you have a 9-5 job is no excuse for anything. Almost everyone on here has a demanding job or school :biglaugh: with different scheduales but seem to make their goals stick.... This is a lifestyle and once you except that you will notice a difference.
I guess that's more than fair.
My typical day consists of the following:
Breakfast at 9am: 2 yogurts, 1 banana
11am: Orange
12pm: Chicken Terayaki w/brown rice
3pm: Trail Mix (Dried Banana,Almond,Apricot,Nuts)
6pm: Grilled Chicken/Sausage/Salmon
9pm: Protein Shake
Gym at 10pm
12am Protein Shake
2am: Sleep
You'd have to post the portions and breakdown of protein fat and carbs you're eating to narrow things down a bit. But at a glance I would say that puts you in a good calorie deficit. You should lose weight off that diet. (Unless youre eating 4 lbs of brown rice and 3 lbs of trailmix, hence the need for portion sizes)
I've been saying this alot lately, but why not continue bulking and just adjust your diet to reduce the fat gains?
I dont know if you can change this or not, but if you can, try. also how long have you been running the same routine?
I would suggest adding more protein to your diet. First thing in the morning , before and after you train is when you need it the most.
Eggs/whites are the best source of protein to have in the morning.
Along with oatmeal.:)
Dairy products do have a lot of protein in them (yogurt) but the fat is high and it is a slow digesting protein. You want something fast in the morning.
your 11:00 meal can always be a high protein shake.
lunch is good
3:00pm you going to want protein...Again it's the most important thing if you want to lose weight and keep muscle. Trail mix wouldn't be my choice of carb.
If you workout at 10:00pm then have your shake (with water) around 9:30 and then again right after your done working out (with water) Water is going to help the protein do it's job alot faster than milk.
then eat again (try real food) before you go to bed, so that there is enough to last the night.
I'm just giving ideas and tried to work with the times that you gave.
Make sure you drink a lot of water (1 gallon, atleast) plus whatever else you drink ie, coffee, diet pop, crystal light.... It helps to flush out the body and you will not retain much water . By the looks of your picture you are holding a lot of water, that will make a big difference.:biglaugh:
also do cardio 20-30 mins a day:)
If you want to hold onto those gains, while you are trimming up, keep your weightlifting portion of your workout the same. I know a lot of times you hear about people dropping weight and doing higher reps. It is not necessary, and could result in smaller muscles. The calorie deficit is what allows you to burn the fat.
Wow guys, thanks for all the great information. My goal is to tone up and I am also okay with losing about 10-12lbs of muscle in the process.
1st question is, by taking all these protein shakes throughout the day, is that to maintain muscles or is it to help tone up. If it is to maintain muscle, then I may need to lose calories in other areas. If it is to tone up, then I need to go into calorie deficit, which requires more cardio?
I've been doing this workout for the past 6 months. It was more of a long bulking season. I also run right after a workout. Is there any negative effects of doing so?
Once again, thanks for all the advice.
This dosen't mean you are going to bulk up, just because your adding protein shakes to your diet. If you didn't have the protein shakes then I would suggest you eat real food in place of them, which can be expensive, and time consuming..:biglaugh:
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GTA San Andreas – Transformers Mod
This GTA San Andreas Game mod is really cool but is not mine just sharing it to you and I hope you enjoy it.
Here are some tips:
– To jump press ctrl.
– For dash hold sprint key then move.
– To shoot a rocket hold sprint key then press horn.
– To get your robot hold sprint key and tab.
– Read the Readme2nd for more control.
Note: If it didn't work go to options then go to Controller setup then restore default and if your game crashes maybe you didint add the wap.ifp or wap1.txd wap1.dff or e_wap1.txd and e_wap1.dff, ADD THEM.
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Managing Irregular Corneas with Gas Permeable Lenses
Three cases show that trial and error and careful fluorescein evaluation are needed to success-fully fit irregular corneas.
By Shelley I. Cutler, OD, FAAO, Loretta B. Szczotka, OD, MS, FAAO, Robert Maynard, OD, Bruce Anderson, OD, FAAO, and Edward S. Bennett, OD, MSEd
Patients exhibiting irregular corneas are best corrected with oxygen permeable (GP) contact lenses. Quality of vision with GP lenses is typically unparalleled when compared to soft lenses or spectacles.
Patients with irregular corneas are among the most challenging in contact lens practice, particularly post-surgical cases. Every case is unique and, as the following cases illustrate, no one lens design or fitting method is ideal. Drs. Shelley Cutler and Loretta Szczotka presented the following cases during the May online symposium sponsored by the RGP Lens Institute. The RGPLI's web site (www.rgpli.org) provides an online symposium on various GP topics the second Tuesday night of every month.
Figure 1. Penetrating keratoplasty resulted in over 9.00D of corneal toricity for this patient.
Case One
History A 78-year-old male needed a contact lens following penetrating keratoplasty OD. The refraction was +2.50 6.50 x 080, resulting in blurry 20/70 best corrected visual acuity. His corneal topography revealed 9.00D of corneal toricity (Figure 1).
The Fitting Process A few large diameter, flat base curve lenses were initially trial fit to determine if the positioning and fluorescein patterns were acceptable. The first was the Post Graft Lens (Lens Dynamics), with 8.04mm base curve radius (BCR), 10.4mm overall diameter (OAD) and 9.0mm optical zone diameter (OZD). The second was the Post PK lens (Infinity Optical) (8.04mm BCR, 11.0mm OAD, 9.5mm OZD).
Both lenses decentered temporally, and the fluorescein pattern showed that the amount of toricity contributed to the decentration. We then tried a bitoric design. Initial lens parameters included 8.25mm/7.54mm BCR, 9.5mm OAD and 8.0mm OZD. This lens also decentered temporally, but aligned better. The final design was a 4.00D spherical power effect (SPE) bitoric with a larger diameter to improve centration. Final design parameters included: BCR: 8.10mm/7.40mm, powers: +0.25/ 3.75D, OAD: 11.0mm, OZD: 9.5mm, SCR/W: 9.20/8.50 @ .5mm; PCR/W: 11.20/10.50 @ 0.25mm. The lens-to-cornea fitting relationship was much improved, and this lens yielded a visual acuity of 20/25.
Figure 2. This patient's penetrating keratoplasty resulted in over 13.50D of corneal astigmatism.
Discussion Recognize that bitoric lenses, on occasion, have applications in post-surgical cases. Although most such cases result in not only high cylinder but also irregular astigmatism, a bitoric lens may be used if the topography shows significant regular astigmatism, greater than 4.00D. This astigmatism should be fairly regular across the entire surface of the cornea and not limited to the graft.
If you analyze the central cornea with keratometry only, you can expect a large amount of astigmatism. However, when you compare this with topography measurement, you may observe that this astigmatism exists in only the central 3.0mm to 5.0mm of the cornea. In this case an aspheric or spherical base curve lens may be more successful because it vaults over the central cornea to the more spherical peripheral cornea. When high regular astigmatism extends across the cornea, a bitoric lens design will provide a more stable fitting relationship without excessive bearing along the flatter meridian. This is especially important in a post-PK cornea, as excessive bearing with a spherical design may irritate the graft and initiate physiological changes.
This case also illustrates how important it is to carefully evaluate the post-surgical cornea. Bruce Anderson, OD, FAAO, divides the cornea into three zones: the central (donor tissue) region, the graft junction and the peripheral host cornea. How each of these areas are configured and how each effaces the next zone will dictate which type and design of contact lens to fit. Evaluate the central cornea for significant astigmatism and irregularities and measure the curvature of this region. Evaluate the graft interface 360 degrees for evenness or elevations between the host and donor tissues. Examine the peripheral cornea for smoothness or puckering due to tight sutures.
Use fluorescein when fitting the trial lenses on the eye to help you more accurately determine the high (bearing) and low (pooling) areas of the contact lens against the cornea. Careful fluorescein pattern evaluation will help determine a proper fit. The goal is to avoid heavy bearing areas and hope for an even or light touch fluorescein pattern.
Figure 3. The MacroLens as fit on the patient in Figure
Case Two
History A 73-year-old female was referred for potential contact lens fitting. She had undergone penetrating keratoplasty resulting from Fuch's dystrophy. The surgery resulted in 13.50D of corneal astigmatism (Figure 2). If the lens fit was unsuccessful, a refractive surgeon would perform LASIK on the transplanted eye. Her visual acuity with pinhole was 20/300. The refraction was very difficult to perform.
Fitting Process Initial bitoric lens attempts, including a 10.00D back surface toricity lens, all tended to decenter or even eject out of the eye with the blink. Her visual acuity was 20/50. A reverse piggyback tandem of a soft lens placed on top of a GP lens failed to provide an optimum fitting relationship in this case.
We then fit the patient with the semi-scleral MacroLens (C & H Contacts, Inc.) After several trial lenses (8.04mm, 7.94mm, 7.85mm), a steeper base curve lens was ordered (7.50mm). Figure 3 shows the fitting relationship. Although the patient was satisfied with this lens, it caused central superficial punctate keratitis (SPK). Her visual acuity was 20/50. We refit her into the Epicon lens (Specialty Ultravision) with a 6.80mm BCR to determine if corneal health would improve. The result was excellent corneal integrity with 20/40+ visual acuity. Unfortunately, the Epicon lens is no longer available in the United States.
Figure 4. Initial GP lens fit for a patient with a history of a penetrating keratoplasty and cataract
Discussion This case illustrates the benefits and applications of large diameter GP lenses in post-surgical cases. They can be very beneficial for patients with high cylinder, "proud grafts" and very irregular corneas. It is not uncommon to initiate the fitting process with a conventional diameter lens; however, these cases show that the cornea may not hold a conventional lens, primarily when the superior or inferior cornea is too steep and there is a significant plateau or drop. A smaller diameter lens passing over this region may result in excessive edge lift that could cause lens decentration or even ejection from the eye.
Common large diameter lens designs include the MacroLens, the Epicon lens, Dyna Intra-Limbal lens and Post Graft lens (Lens Dynamics) and the PSC lens (Infinity Optical). The Dyna Intra-Limbal lens has an 11.2mm OAD with a 9.4mm OZD and is recommended for tilted and/or decentered grafts. The Post Graft lens has a 10.4mm OAD and 9.0mm OZD with an aspheric periphery. The MacroLens has OADs ranging from 12.9mm to 15.0mm and a BCR range from 39.00 to 51.00 diopters. This base curve range has limited the applications of this lens in very steep corneas.
These designs typically have proprietary peripheral curves. Many laboratories have specialty lenses for post-surgical patients or are willing to manufacture a larger diameter lens when desired. For example, a patient with a history of both a penetrating keratoplasty and cataract surgery was initially fitted with a large diameter (12.4mm), very flat base curve radius (11.00mm) GP lens (Figure 4). This patient eventually found success with a 12.5mm diameter lens that had a 10.65mm base curve radius and an aspheric periphery (Figure 5), manufactured by Metro Optics (Austin, TX).
This case emphasizes three important factors in fitting post-surgical corneas:
- You must work with your laboratory consultant to achieve a successful fit.
- You do not need to be an expert to fit these contact lenses, but you must be open to using multiple lens designs and treating every post-surgical eye as unique.
- Careful fluorescein pattern evaluation is imperative.
Many CLMA member laboratories have lens designs for irregular/post-surgical corneas. You can access them either via the RGPLI web site or the RGPLI GP Product Guide, a supplement to this issue of Contact Lens Spectrum.
The most significant problem with a large diameter contact lens notably one as large as the MacroLens is a tight fit and possible adherence. Large scleral imprints may also result. These lenses can actually tighten up over time. When fitting any large diameter lens design, use diagnostic lenses and provide sufficient time for the lens to stabilize on the eye to properly evaluate the lens-to-cornea fitting relationship. It is not uncommon for a large diameter design to exhibit a good fitting relationship initially, then tighten on the eye so that 20 minutes later there is very little movement. When this occurs, select another diagnostic lens and then re-evaluate the fit. This is a more time-consuming fitting process, but ensuring that a good fitting relationship is achieved initially will reduce future chair time.
A second problem with large diameter designs, related to the first, is poor tear flow under the lens. Even in the presence of a good fitting relationship, the design limits tear flow, which creates problems with trapped mucus and debris accumulating underneath the lens as well as superficial punctate keratitis and hypoxia. In these cases, perform careful fluorescein evaluation of the entire 360 degrees of the lens periphery. Under the peripheral lens region, 270 degrees to 360 degrees of pooling should be present. If you use a MacroLens, look for edge clearance, not impingement, at the sclera. Flattening the secondary and, most important, the peripheral curve radius should improve both peripheral pooling and lens movement with the blink. Use a radius tool as flat as 13.0mm to accomplish the latter change.
Figure 5. The patient from Figure 4 succeeded with a large diameter lens that features an aspheric periphery.
Another option for a post-graft eye is a reverse geometry lens (RGL) design that incorporates a steeper secondary curve than base curve radius. An RGL design is especially beneficial in oblate grafts, which you can detect only with corneal topography. An RGL is an excellent option if there is peripheral steepening, at minimum, 270 degrees surrounding the graft.
Dr. Szczotka uses axial maps to measure the amount of steepening from the center to the mid-periphery, then orders the secondary curves this same amount steeper than the base curve radius. Many laboratories provide RGL designs featuring secondary curve radii with varying amounts of steepening relative to the base curve. This can help post-graft and post-refractive surgery cases, as it is not uncommon to find upon fluorescein evaluation that a certain base curve fits well but the periphery is too loose and requires a steeper secondary curve. However, transition zones can be more abrupt in a post-graft than a post-LASIK eye, which would necessitate a steeper than average secondary curve radius in the RGL design.
Case Three
History This 50-year-old female had been diagnosed with pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD). Her spectacle refraction was: OD: 3.75 3.25 x 095; OS: 0.75 3.75 x 076, 20/40 OU. The pupil diameter was 6.0mm in normal illumination OU.
Fitting Process We initially attempted several conventional spherical lens designs. The initial lenses ordered were:
OD: 7.50mm BCR, 9.9mm OAD, 8.5mm OZD, 14.2mm diameter, 6.37D, Paragon HDS
OS: 7.40mm BCR, 9.9 OAD, 8.5mm OZD, 14.2mm diameter, 6.12D, Paragon HDS
The patient noticed glare OU and had an adherence ring inferiorally upon contact lens removal as well as spectacle blur. The over-refraction was: OD: +1.00 1.25 x 068 (20/25); OS: +0.75 0.75 x 018 (20/25). We then refit her into the MacroLens with the following parameters:
OD: 7.14mm BCR, 0.8 "E" value; 7.75D, three fenestrations (Macro A) 20/30
OS: 7.14mm BCR, 0.8 "E" value, 6.25D, three fenestrations (Macro A) 20/25
Figure 6. White light illumination of a MacroLens fit on a PMD patient.
The fitting relationship was acceptable (Figures 6 and 7) and the patient was very satisfied with her vision with no complaints of glare. However, she felt the right lens was "pinching" the eye.
She was then refit successfully into Dyna Intra-Limbal lenses in the following lens parameters:
OD: 7.34mm BCR, 12.2mm OAD 8.6mm OZD, 8.00D; 20/20
OS: BCR: 7.34mm; OAD/OZD: 12.2/8.6mm; 6.00D; 20/30
These lenses provided a good fitting relationship with adequate movement and satisfactory patient comfort and vision.
Discussion This case demonstrates another example of specialty lenses successfully fit on irregular corneas. However, many of these cases can succeed with conventional spherical lenses. Typically, for post-surgical cases, select a diameter that is larger than the graft or flap. If the central cornea is very steep with minimal astigmatism, Dr. Anderson selects an OAD as small as 9.0mm. In very flat corneas, with corneal elevation in the suture zone, he uses lenses as large as 11.0mm. The latter lens may have as many as four to five peripheral curves, with the outer curve being especially flat. Make the optical zone conventional to small to decrease the sagittal depth of the lens design, and allow for more stable centration on the flat post-surgical eye. Use topography to select the base curve radius, which can be equivalent to the value a few millimeters off the apex or the average curvature from the axial map.
Because most of these patients are myopic, the best material is one that exhibits good wettability and resists flexure, especially on highly astigmatic patients. Therefore, we recommend a low (25 to 50) Dk fluorosilicone/acrylate lens, assuming these patients will be limited to daily wear. A higher Dk lens material (> 50) is indicated for hyperopic patients to provide an edema-free state.
Figure 7. Fluorescein pattern of the MacroLens on the PMD patient from Figure
Irregular cornea patients, especially post-surgical, are quite challenging to fit with contact lenses. Be patient; do not become frustrated if you are on your fourth lens. Do not to be afraid to make a major change if one design is not successful. Trial and error, in combination with careful fluorescein evaluation, is paramount to success.
Dr. Cutler is a contact lens consultant and specializes in fitting difficult contact lens cases. She has lectured worldwide on various contact lens-related topics.
Dr. Szczotka is an associate professor at Case Western Reserve University Dept. of Ophthalmology and Director of the Contact Lens Service at University Hospitals of Cleveland.
Dr. Maynard has been in private practice in Phoenix and Superior, AZ, since 1967 and has served as a clinical investigator for a number of contact lens companies.
Dr. Anderson is a Diplomate in Cornea and Contact Lenses. He is also a Clinical Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology at the University of South Florida and director of the Contact Lens and Low Vision Clinics at the Department of Ophthalmology/College of Medicine.
Dr. Bennett is an associate professor of optometry at the University of Missouri-St. Louis and executive director of the RGP Lens Institute.


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At a recent football function that Screen Play attended, television and radio personality Eddie McGuire had the audience laughing after wisecracks about the PlayStation Network security breach.It was a reminder about what a public relations disaster the April attack represented, publicised well beyond the usual gaming networks.
It was also a reminder that the incident is still hurting the PlayStation brand, although Sony has said it was pleased that so many users quickly returned to using the online PlayStation Network.
Advertisement: Story continues below
Last week Sony finally offered the owners of about 1.5 million Australian PlayStation Network accounts free identity theft protection to make up for what many people thought was lax security.
The free identity theft protection for Australians followed similar offers in other territories around the world.
Users of the service who are over 18 and had a PlayStation Network account on the day the online service was hacked (April 20) are eligible for a year's free identity protection from global firm CS Identity.
Members received emails last week containing a free code to redeem the offer.
CS Identity's technology scours the internet for unauthorised use of your identity, examining criminal web pages, chat rooms, bulletin boards and file sharing sites to identify trading or selling of a customer's personal information.
Identity restoration is also included to help customers restore their identity if they are the victim of identity theft.
The data stolen during the breach included names, gender, addresses, email addresses, birthdays and login passwords for Sony's PlayStation Network and its Qriocity music streaming service.
Today I'm interested to hear who has taken up the offer, and whether the incident has changed your online behaviour in any way.
Are you now a lot more careful about the private information you give to gaming online service providers?
And are you happy with the way Sony handled the attack, including the compensation package?
thanks to bmarlo for this signature


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A 21-year-old woman pleaded not guilty Wednesday to three felony charges related to a hit-and-run crash in Rancho Bernardo in which she allegedly drove drunk and slammed into a decorated Marine on his motorcycle, leaving him hospitalized on life support.
Jessica Marie Bloom, who is being held on $100,000 bail, faces a maximum of nine years in prison if convicted, said Deputy District Attorney Matthew Williams. Bloom is charged with two counts of felony drunken driving causing injury and one count of felony hit-and-run causing a victim to be comatose.
The Marine injured in the crash, Gunnery Sgt. Dave Smith, 34, is a 17-year veteran. He was awarded a Bronze Star for valor, served four tours of duty overseas ---- three in Iraq and one in Afghanistan ---- and survived being injured by a roadside bomb in Iraq.
Police said Smith was eastbound on Bernardo Center Drive near West Bernardo Drive about 12:30 p.m. Sunday, waiting at a red light on his Harley Davidson, when he was hit from behind by a woman driving a Chevrolet TrailBlazer. Smith had just finished getting his hair cut and was a block or so from home, said his fiancee, Vanessa Potts.
"It's unfair," Potts said. "We've been through a lot these past couple years and he's been through a lot in his military career, surviving an IED explosion. How do you come home and get hurt doing something that you love? I mean, he genuinely loves riding. That day, the last message I got from him was how beautiful the day was, and how he wished he could ride all day."
Prosecutor Williams said the collision launched the victim onto the hood of the mid-size SUV, then into the street.
The prosecutor said Bloom got out of the vehicle and appeared to be upset, frantically asking witnesses, "Is he dead?" referring to the victim.
The defendant loaded her front bumper into her SUV and drove off, but witnesses followed her to her apartment a short distance away and called police, Williams said.
After her arrest, Bloom's blood-alcohol level was measured at 0.37 percent, more than four times the legal limit for driving, according to the prosecutor.
Defense attorney Peter Liss told Judge David Szumowski that Bloom ---- who he said has "extreme remorse" ---- left the crash scene because she wanted to tell her husband, who is also a Marine, what had happened.
"She made some pretty bad judgments the other day, and she understands that," the defense attorney said outside of court. "She feels terrible about the victim in this case and literally spends all of her time just hoping that he gets better."
Liss said Bloom ---- who is from Indiana and has been married for eight months ---- might have been distraught and feeling alone because her husband was about to be deployed soon.
The victim's mother, Catherine Joiner, said she was astounded by the defendant's blood-alcohol level.
"It just kind of blew my mind," she said. "I don't even know how she could even stay conscious at that level."
Joiner said the outpouring of love and support from the community for her son has been overwhelming.
Potts said donations helped pay to fly Smith's mother and family members from North Carolina to see him. Smith is at Palomar Medical Center, where he is listed in critical condition.
Smith is heavily sedated, but sometimes able to communicate with his family using his eyes, "but that is the extent of what he can do," his fiancee said. Smith, who is stationed at the Marine Corps Recruiting Depot, cannot move, and paralysis is a "definite possibility," Potts said.
Potts said she learned of the crash when the hospital called her, but she'd been "panicked" before the phone rang because he was uncharacteristically late getting home.
The couple met more than six years ago when Smith was singing karaoke ---- a song by rapper Eminem ---- in an Oceanside bar. They had planned to wed Oct. 8 in Vista. His family and friend say he's a huge Dallas Cowboys fan.
She said Smith is "extremely funny. He has a great sense of humor and is always playing practical jokes."
"He loved what he did for a living," Potts said. "He just loved his job. I'm just in shock. Of all people, this happened to him? He's such a great guy."
Smith's friend, Cpl. Matthew Eberhart, called Smith "one of the funniest guys I have ever known." The two men served together in Iraq in 2008 and 2009.
"He's (like) my big brother, and he's a heck of a leader," Eberhart said. "He's a Marine's Marine. ... I am extremely saddened that this happened to him. He does not deserve this at all."


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Jails and prisons house people who are awaiting trial and inmates who have been convicted of a crime. These facilities are divided into county jails, state prisons, and federal prisons.
Jails and prisons maintain records on every person who is currently or was formerly incarcerated at their facility. These records are open to the public and are often available through online databases.
Jails and prisons keep records on the prisoners in their custody. This includes current inmates as well as former inmates. These records contain a wealth of information on the inmate's history.
Jail and prison records contain important information, including:
In some cases, jail and prison records also contain additional details, including:
People who have been charged with a crime but have not yet been convicted will have a jail or prison record if they were housed at a jail or prison while awaiting trial. In most jurisdictions, the county jail holds people while their cases are pending.
Jails and prisons also keep records on people who have been convicted of a crime and sentenced to prison, either by a local, state, or federal court.
Online databases are the best way to obtain jail and prison records. If you know the individual's name and the location of the person's trial, you can obtain a jail or prison record from the local, state, or federal corrections agency that has the individual in custody.
For individuals in custody at a county jail, many counties provide an online database of their inmates. In some cases, you may have to contact the local sheriff's department, which may run the county jail.
For inmates at a state prison, the state's Department of Corrections may provide an online inmate locator. In some cases, you can contact the Department of Corrections directly by phone or email to obtain prison records.
For inmates at a federal prison, start with the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) Inmate Locator. This is an online database of current and former inmates that dates back to 1881. The BOP Inmate Locator will give you the age, race, sex, and registration number of the inmate, as well as the projected release date and the prison where the inmate is incarcerated.


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Higher Education
The Gallery works regularly with University groups through partnership projects, talks and group visits.
Group Visits
University tutors are welcome to book a group visit to the Gallery led by our team of specialist historians and artists. Explore the Collection by specialist subject or select from a range of tours including a highlights tour, the Tudors and photography.
Directed group visits are free for UK and EU Universities. A charge is made for international Universities beyond this region.
University Projects
The Gallery works on a select number of participation projects with Universities each year. Through a process of creative collaboration and dialogue, the aim is to establish a discourse across art, education and cultural sectors, and create an environment for the exchange of ideas, knowledge and experience. Each project is developed collaboratively, is experimental in nature and includes a range of outputs such as creative research, photography, live events, moving image and digital media.
University of Birmingham project - George Catlin: American Indian Portraits
This project between the Gallery and the University of Birmingham explored the curatorial approach and considerations surrounding the development of the Gallery's exhibition George Catlin: American Indian Portraits (7 March – 23 June 2013).
Catlin's work, one of the most important series of portraits of Native American people, on loan to the Gallery from the Smithsonian Institution was last exhibited in the UK in the 1840s. A group of 15 history undergraduates and their tutor Sadiah Qureshi engaged critically with key curatorial, design and interpretive decisions. Working in groups they developed their own research projects which were shared with audiences through digital content and exhibition talks.
Student Sophie Edwards blogged about her experience of taking part
University of East London project - Road to 2012:
Facing East
The Gallery worked collaboratively with a select group of 15 visual art and photography undergraduates at the University of East London and their tutors Faisal Abdu'Allah and Ralph Hall on a photography project inspired by the Road to 2012, the Gallery's 3-year project about London's preparation for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.
A structured 10-week photography course immersed the students in dialogue, visual literacy and approaches to portrait photography with weekly master-classes led by the projects commissioned photographers including Brian Griffin, Bettina von Zwehl, Emma Hardy, Jillian Edelstein, Anderson & Low and Nadav Kander.
This photography and mentoring course ran concurrently with the students responding to a photographic brief that asked them to document a local community in east London and develop a series of portraits of people and place exploring the community's response to the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games taking place in their neighbourhood. Each week they shared and discussed their work collectively with the group and the photographers.
An exhibition of their work was curated at Four Corners in Bethnal Green during the Games and the students conducted exhibition talks at the Gallery. Responding to the success of the project, the Chancellor of the University established two scholarship schemes for students.
Goldsmiths College, University of London – Road to 2012: ReAnimate
The Gallery worked with sound artist Martyn Ware, Goldsmiths lecturer and film-maker Julian Henriques and Road to 2012 commissioned photographer Brian Griffin on a digital participation project with students at Goldsmiths.
A live project brief was set for Goldsmiths students to be experimental and reflect on what the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games meant to a neighbourhood in east London and create that story in a multi-media format.
The Gallery worked closely with the selected students to enable them to achieve their projects to time and budget. In addition to an online platform, the projects were also showcased in the Gallery at ReAnimate – a late night event at the Gallery curated in partnership with Martyn Ware.
An immersive, audio-visual film Under Your Skin is a portrait of east London athletes which explores three very different but complementary moments during their training - preparation, participation and rest. The film was a collaboration between a film-maker and a sound artist. The film was premiered at the Gallery and was selected by BT to be screened around the country on the Live Sites. The film was selected for the London International Documentary Film Festival 2012, screened at the Roundhouse and more recently it was selected for inclusion in the exhibition Time is Love 6, an annual moving-image screening curated by Kisito Assangni in cities in Europe, the US and Iran.
COUNTO12 is a clock and a screensaver created with over 500 photographs of people living and working in the Olympic host-boroughs.
Both digital projects can be seen at Road to 2012 and ReAnimate Late Shift Extra events pages.


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Patna, July 12 (IANS) The BSP on Sunday declared its first list of 49 candidates for the upcoming Bihar assembly elections.
"We have declared the first list of party candidates for the polls," Bahujan Samaj Party's state president Bharat Bind said here.
Bind said party supremo Mayawati will campaign for the candidates, and the party has a strong support base in dozens of assembly constituencies in the state.
Bihar has a 243-member assembly.


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AFC Totton 2 St Neots Town 1
Totton had keeper Gareth Barfoot to thank as they defied a late St Neots rally before claiming all three points at the Testwood Stadium.
The Stags had an early scare on six minutes when Dan Jacobs' cross to the far post was volleyed over from close range by the unmarked Ben Mackey.
But, as the half wore on, Totton began to dominate and a succession of Mike Gosney corners saw Richard Gillespie bring out timely stops from St Neots keeper Jack Giddens.
The deadlock was broken six minutes before the break when Gillespie was brought down rounding Giddens and GOSNEY drove the resultant spot kick into the right-hand corner.
Then, just two minutes into the second period, the lead was doubled as BAILY CARGILL's deflected drive from just inside the area flew in past Giddens.
St Neots efforts to get back into the game were rewarded on 72 minutes when MACKEY scored from the spot after Ross Bottomley was penalised for his heavy challenge on Adrian Fear.
And as the visitors pushed forward in search of an equaliser, Barfoot was forced to pull off a series of fine saves in the home goal.


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Chris White was expected to transfer into Mississippi State and make an immediate impact at linebacker following a stellar career at Gulf Coast Community College.
Premium Content
Subscribe today to read the full article and get everything Rivals has to offer.
- Member-only message boards
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Barely-There Lipstick Looks From Our Favorite Celebrities
While it's every beauty girl's desire to swipe on a bold, bright lipstick now and then, there's a place in our hearts for sheer, barely-there lipstick. Check out these celeb makeup moments and get your hands on our tried-and-true light pink lip picks.
See more glowing lip looks at Essence.


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While already out since quite some time, its still great to have a look again. In his book New York changing Douglas Levere presents images taken by himself and pairs them with those of Berenice Abbott's from the 1930s.
Levere used the same camera Abbott had used and returned to the same locations at the same time of day and the same time of year only 60 years later. When pairing the pictures side-by-side they reveal much about the change and urban transformation N.Y. has gone through and is going through every day.
The Morning News Gallery has excerpts from the book online. Douglas Levere is providing the photos side-by-side in a smaller format on the New York changing web site.
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Because my grandmother never allowed garlic in her kitchen on Pesach, my mother taught my sister and me that it was forbidden on the holiday.
She explained to us, as Bubbe had undoubtedly explained to her, that because in the eastern Europe home of her childhood, garlic was dried above the fire where cooking was done all year, it was presumed to have come into contact with foodstuff and so was not permitted on Passover.
One year, budding chefs that we were, my sister and I rebelled. Our garlic isn't dried over the fireplace or in the hearth, we argued. (Our New York home had neither.) Our garlic came to us in narrow glass jars, already ground into a fine powder. Not only that, but its label proclaimed it fit for Passover consumption. So why could we not use it to flavour our Pesach dishes?
Our logic was impeccable, our campaign impassioned. It took a few years, but eventually my mother yielded. Our holiday cuisine improved, became more complex and savoury, as we availed ourselves not only of garlic, but of whatever spices came in appropriately marked bottles. There were other foods my grandmother had banned from her Pesach kitchen, but many of them were available in North America with a Passover seal of approval. They, too, found a place in our kitchen. The authorities in charge of such things seemed to have a wider Passover palate than Bubbe. It was truly a new world.
Years later, researching food traditions of eastern European Jewish homes, particularly regarding Passover, I came to understand that my bubbe's kitchen traditions were not simply her own invention, shaped by the configuration of her home and her families taste. Rather, they were a part of the tradition of her shtetl, which allowed certain foodstuffs and forbade others on Passover.
Eastern Europe, it turns out, was a patchwork of such traditions, with variations of what one may and may not eat varying by micro-region, by affiliation with particular rebbes, and sometimes by clan. The minute shadings operated region by region, sometimes shtetl by shtetl.
What to bring into one's home, what and how to cook, was a masoret, a tradition of kashrut learned at the hearth, passed down among generations of women, grandmother and mother to daughter and granddaughter. When in doubt, there were local authorities to consult, but by and large, women knew their stuff, and they trained their female progeny in situ.
Today, in Canada and in the United States, that home-based tradition has been largely supplanted by the centralization of authorities on kashrut, who affix labels for all to see . Look on the web – you can find lists of what's cool and what's not for Passover kitchens.
By the time my sister and I were growing up, these two sources of food knowledge were operating side by side – competing, in a sense, for loyalties. Confronted with Bubbe's tradition, on the one hand, and the centralized, homogenized North American lists, on the other, we opted for the lists and jettisoned the maternal masoret. We were not unique in this. By now, the idea of centralized authority has largely prevailed, creating a uniformity among immigrants and their progeny who may have inherited different ancestral traditions.
There is, of course, a gain in this. Foods my Bubbe never heard of might be on the right list (although, over time, some foods she permitted have been forbidden). The diverse origins of Canadian and American Jews meld into a few strong bodies of tradition. It also helps to equalizes Jews by choice, who have no inherited maternal kashrut to tap into.
But there's also a loss, notably the authority of mothers and grandmothers in what was traditionally their domain. In retrospect, my sister and I should have clung to Bubbe's traditions instead of so eagerly embracing the modern. The imposition of official bodies of authority over the maternal masoret minimizes the authority of women as keepers of the kosher hearth. It also erases history.
When our maternal traditions dictated our kitchen habits, as you ate, you tasted where you came from.


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Political Risk and Regulatory Risk: Issues in Emerging Markets Infrastructure Concessions
Political and regulatory risks, cause damage to countries and investors because of investment diminishing. When investments take place, those could increase services prices. Present work has as its objectives to characterize theoretically the problem, to study existent measures to face it, to know the available instruments to deal with it, and to draw some general conclusions on political and regulatory risks, and some specific conclusions referred to infrastructure concessions. The article is limited to the study of opportunistic behavior or governments.
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|37 pages
|Date of creation:
|01 Aug 2001
|Contact details of provider:
| Web page: http://www.uade.edu.ar/paginas/InstEconomiaIDE.aspx
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