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July 16, 1981TI-E URBAN JOBS AND EMERPRM ZONE ACT OF 1981 M 13109 H.R. 3824)
The Enterprise Zone concept has made solid progress on both sides of the Atlantic since it was unveiled in a 1978 speech by Sir Geoffrey Howe, MP, now the Chancellor of the Exchequer in Mrs. Thatcher's Conservative government. A means of stimulating economic development in depressed urban areas by encouraging local entrepreneurs through tax and regulatory relief, the approach marks a radical departure from the government expenditure programs of the 1960s and 1970s.
In Britain, leVislation to create eleven experimental zones was enacted by Parliament in November 1980, and a number of these sites will be operating by the end of this summer. The British zones are, however, a specialized version of the basic concept, designed primarily to reactivate deserted industrial areas, and they are not likely to be an accurate guide to the way in which American zones would affect neighborhoods.' In the United States, the Enterprise Zone has become a central issue -- if not the central issue -- in the national urban policy debate, and =egislation is being considered at both the state and federal levels to create versions of the concept. In the District of Columbia and several states, such as Illinois, bills have been passed or are pending which would reduce state and local taxes, and regulatory burdens, in distressed neighbor- hoods. Although these measures are designed to establish state Enterprise Zones, they are generally constructed in a manner thatFor an analysis of the British Enterprise Zones, see Stuart Butler, "Enterprise Zones in Britain: The Experiment Begins," International Briefing #8 (The Heritage Foundation, 1981).
2would allow the zones to fit within the criteria being discussed at the federal level. In some other cases, the measure establishes a commission or similar body to investigate possible sites and to examine state burdens which could be relieved in federally- designated zones.2 President Reagan.gave strong support to the Enterprise Zone idea during his campaign. In particularl in his speech to the National Urban League in August 1980, he argued that taxes and regulation should be relaxed in such inner city zones. He explained that the purpose of the Enterprise Zone, in his view, should be to encourage entrepreneurs to start new businesses, and to put local people to work. "Those who view poverty and unemployment as permanent afflictions of our cities," he concluded, fail to understand how rapidly the poor can move up the ladder of success in our economy. But to move up the ladder, they must first get on it. And this is the concept behind the Enterprise Zones. After the Reagan.Administration took office, the White House began a detailed examination of the idea, and a cabinet council was set up under Commerce Secretary Malcolm Baldrige to seek ways of turning the concept into reality. Although, as yet, no firm proposal has emerged from the Administration, Secretary Baldrige issued a statement in June, stating that The Administration supports the establishment of Enter- prise Zones to help create new jobs and enterprise in our nation's poorest communities. ...It is a top priority of the Reagan Administration that Enterprise Zone legislation be enacted in this Congress.
CONGRESSIONAL ACTION -- THE URBAN JOBS AND ENTERPRISE ZONE ACT (MARK I ) In June 1980, a bill to create Enterprise Zones was introduced in the House (H.R. 7563) by Representatives Jack Kemp (R-NY) and Bob Garcia (D-NY), and in the Senate (S. 2823) by Senators John Chafee (R-RI) and Rudy Boschwitz (R-Minn.).3 Known generally as the Kemp-Garcia bill, the measure laid down poverty and unemployment characteristics that would have to2 For information on state legislation dealing with Enterprise Zones, contact the American Legislative Exchange Council, 418 C Street, N.E., 3 Washington, D.C., 20002, tel. (202) 547-4646. For an analysis of the bill, see Butler, "The Urban Jobs and Enterprise Zone Act," Issue Bulletin #62, (The Heritage Foundation, 1980).
3exist for an area to be considered for Enterprise Zone status. in addition, the proposed zone would have to contaih at least 4,000tpeop@e,, and the local government would have to agree to a reduc Ion in property taxes in the zone amounting to at least 20 percent within four years. If these requirements were met, the Secretary of Commerce would accept the application from a local government and declare the area an Enterprise Zone. Once the designation had been made, the bill authorized the following incentives, in addition to the property tax reduction. They would apply for a minimum of ten years: 1) For individuals owning property in the zone: - An increase in the capital gain deduction from 60 percent to 80 percent on property used predominantly for business purpo.ses within the zone. 2) For employees who complete most of their work in the zone: - A 90 percent reduction in the employee's and employer's social security tax for employees under 21 years of age, and a 50 percent reduction for other workers. 3) For businesses who recruit 50 percent of their workforce from among the zone's residents ("qualified businesses"): - A 15 percent reduction in corporate income tax. - Three year straight-line depreciation for all property, other than land, used for business purposes in the zone, up to $500,000 in property per year. - Loss carryforward for up to ten years. - Cash method of computing taxable income available for businesses with gross annual income below $1.5 million. 4) For corporations in general: - A reduction in capital gains tax from 28 percent to 15 percent on property (other than land) used for trading purposes in the zone.
When the Urban Jobs and Enterprise Zone Act of 1980 was presented to the Congress, it was intended by its sponsors to be a discussion document rather than a bill intended for passage. The sponsors urged both supporters and critics of the Enterprise Zone idea to make their views known, so that a remodeled bill could be offered at a later date.4
The Kemp-Garcia bill did, indeed, provoke considerable national discussion. In the year following the introduction of the bill, there have been many conferences and meetings, and much media coverage devoted to discussions of the concept and the legislation. While the Enterprise Zone gained wide support as an approach, however, certain specific features of the 1980 bill did attract criticism. The principal objections may be summarized as follows.
1) Targeting The criteria for selection of areas were said to be imprecise and too coldly statistical. Some areas which might seem to be perfect candidates for a zone could not meet the requirements, while less deserving locations managed to fit the demands. Some critics also questioned the wisdom of what was, in effect, the automatic designation of eligible areas. They argued that there should be some discretion and a limit on the number of zones, at least until the performance of the initial zones could be analyzed and necessary modifications made.
2) Regulation
The absence of any provisions serving to streamline federal or local regulation came under attack. Many small businessmen, and some neighborhood groups, argued that red tape -- particularly at the local level -- is a greater obstacle to enterprise and innovation than taxes and other tangible costs.
3) Small Business
Small business spokesmen maintained that although the Enter- prise Zone was supposed to stimulate the creation of new firms, and in particular small, local enterprises, the tax incentive package was heavily geared towards larger, established companies. While the loss carryforward, social security tax cuts, and proper- ty tax reduction might offer some help to struggling new businesses, they conceded, most new firms show little or no taxable profit in their early years, and so depreciation and other tax allowances would have very limited impact.
4) Social Security
The reduction in social security taxes proposed by the bill was to be reimbursed to the fund out of general revenues. This was viewed by some as a dangerous precedent in light of the controversy over the future of social securi@y. Also, it was pointed out, the incentive might well be designed to help low- income employees, but it would also benefit highly-paid executives in Enterprise Zone firms.
5) Depreciation A major criticism of the bill was that the rapid depreciation allowance appeared to be the most significant incentive in the5
package. This miqht lead to companies deciding to install a great deal of equipment, while employing very few local people. 6) Residency Requirement The requirement that at least 50 percent of a company's workforce be zone residents for it to enjoy the principal incen- tives was seen by the sponsors of the bill as a mechanism to ensure that local residents would be the chief beneficiaries of the Enterprise Zone. However, objections to this provision did emerge. The reguirment. did not specify any category of resident, such as CETA eligibles, and so skilled workers or highly-paid executives would fulfill the criterion if they moved to the zone -- or established convenience addresses. In addition, critics charged, the requirement was precisely the kind of red tape that the zones were supposed to reduce. If it remained as a feature of the zones, it was said, it would only.have the effect of dissuading new entrepreneurs from setting up in the Enterprise Zone. Some even predicted dawn raids on zone businesses by government agents checking for "illegal non-zoners," much as agents now search for illegal aliens.
7) Property Tax
Perhaps the most vociferous criticism voiced against the bill centered on the requirement that property taxes had to be reduced by at least 20 percent. In certain states, it was p9inted out, differing property tax rates are unconstitutional, meaning that no site could comply with the requirement. Even in states where there was no constitutional problem, mayors arvued that it would be impossible to adopt further reductions in city revenues already cut by tax referendums.
8) Thrust of the Bill
There was general concern that the goals of the Enterprise Zone would not be achieved by the package of incentives in the bill. Certain minority and neighborhood organizations, in parti- cular, feared that although the zones probably would lead to increased economic activity, local people would be passed over in the process. There was also some concern that residents, and even existing small businesses, would be displaced by newcomers. If the purpose of Enterprise Zones is to stimulate the creation of local entrepreneurs and to help poor inner city residents, it was argued, then the incentives must be aimed at small businesses. Similarly, the emphasis should be on reducing the disincentives that persuade unskilled inner city people to stay on the welfare rolls rather than taking entry level jobs. The Ente7rise Zone, in other words, should provide a "trickle up" mechanism in depressed neighborhoods.
A second reservation often expressed about the broad thrust of the bill concerned the question of relocation. While some advocates of the Enterprise Zone seemed unconcerned where new6
jobs might come from, providing they came to the inner cities, others maintained that the approach could only be justified if it led to new economic activity. It should not be a mechanism to realloc-a-fe-- economic activity, it was argued, but to expand it in the cities. Like those emphasizing the importance of local activi@y, people who took this position stressed the need to have incentives which would lead to new entrepreneurs entering into the market, rather than incentiTe--s which would cause businesses to move to the inner cities.ME URBAN JOBS AND ENTERPRISE ZONE ACT OF 1981 Many of the criticisms of the 1980 bill were accepted by its sponsors, and led them to refashion the measure. The modified bill was introduced in the House (H.R. 3824) and Senate (S. 1310) on June 3, 1981. The House bill was referred to the Committee on Ways and Means -- although elements touching'on other federal programs were also referred to the Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs. The Senate bill was referred to the Committee on Finance. The principle co-sponsors were once again Kemp and Garcia in the House, and Boschwitz and Chafee in the Senate. The bill has impressive support. National Urban League President Vernon Jordan joined the co-sponsors at their June press conference introducing the new legislation. In addition, the NAACP, the National Urban Coalition the National League of Cities, and many other organizations ha@e endorsed the Enterprise Zone concept. Congressional support for the new bill has been growing. The measure picked up sixty-one House co-sponsors within one month. The forty-five Republican co-sponsors include House leaders Bob Michel (R-Ill.) and Trent Lott (R-Miss.). The Demo- cratic support is particularly impressive. Garcia is joined by fellow Bronx member Mario Biaggi. Black Caucus members Gus Hawkins (D-Cal.) and Bill Gray (D-Pa.) are also co-sponsoring the measure. The Senate bill collected fifteen Republican co-sponsors in the first month, but only one Democrat, Quentin Burdick (D-ND).
1) Designation
a) Method of Designation The initiating body must be a state government (or possession) or a local government. If the state applies on behalf of a local government, the latter must consent to the application. The governor of a state may block a local application within twenty- one days.7
The Secretary of HUD, after consultation with the Secretaries of Commerce, Labor, and the Treasury and the Administrator of the Small Business Administration, may approve applications for zones in eligible areas. The designation would last until the year 2001. Designations may be made by the HUD Secretary until 1996, but in the first three years of the program, no more than twenty- five zones, and no fewer than ten, may be made in any one year. The bill requires the Secretary @o give priority to areas with the highest levels of economic distress, areas in which state and local government is making the "greatest effort to remove impediments to job creation" (see Local Commitment), and areas which have the widest support from the government seeking designation, the community, residents, local businesses, and private organizations, especially in meeting local commitment....
b) Eligibili
To be eligible for designation as an Enterprise Zone, an area must be characterized by "pervasive poverty, unemployment and general distress." Sites must meet the eligibility require- ments of the Urban Development Action Grant Program (including Pockets of Poverty -- designed for poor neighborhoods within generally prosperous neigh@orhoods). The areas must also meet at least one of the following criteria of distress: Unemployment for the most recent eighteen-month period is at least one and a half times the national average. At least 20 percent of the population is living in poverty, as defined by the Bureau of Census. At least 70 percent of area residents have incomes below 80 percent of the median income for the area as a whole.
All census tracts within the area suffered at least a 10 percent decrease in population between 1970 and 1980 and are characterized by chronic abandonment or substantial property tax arrearages. To be eligible, the area must contain at least 4,000 people (at the time of the most recent'census) if it is within a metropol- itan area of 50,000 or more; or 2,500 in any other case; or be an Indian reservation.
2) Local Commitment The government seeking the Enterprise Zone designation must also agree, in writing, to follow a course of action "designed to reduce the various burdens borne by employers and employees" in the area. This local commitment may involve the participation of private and/or public entities, and may include the use of federal programs. The bill suggests the following:8
Reductions in tax rates or fees.
Improvements in local services. Streamlining of business and employment regulations. Commitments from private entities to provide training and other assistance for zone residents.
The HUD Secretary may revoke the Enterprise Zone designation if he determines that the applicant government has not substantial- ly complied with the local commitment. This is the only circum- stances in which the designation may be terminated prior to the date specified in the bill.
3) Federal Commitment
The HUD Secretary is directed to expedite and coordinate all federal housing, deyelopmentl financial assistance, and employee training programs within the zone. The federal government must also disregard any reduction in taxes, resulting from the local commitment, in determining the eligibility of the state or local government for federal assistance programs.
4) Sense of Congress Provisions The bill states that it is the sense of Congress that local governments should attempt to facilitate "to the greatest extent possible" the employment of poor and unemployed zone residents. But in choosing the sites for consideration, the impact of an Enterprise Zone on neighboring areas should be examined. The IRS is urged to simplify the administration and enforce- ment of the tax incentives contained in the bill. The Foreign Trade Zone Board is also urged to expedite applications for foreign trade zones within Enterprise Zones, and to take into account future development likely to result from Enterprise Zone incentives in determining the economic viability of the site under consideration for foreign trade zone status.
5) Tax Incentives a) Refundable Credits for Employers and Em2loyees An employer may take a tax credit equal to 5 percent of the wages paid to a "qualified employee." A qualified employee is defined as a CETA eligible person who performs at least 50 percent of his service within an Enterprise Zone. The credit is refundable if the total credit exceeds the employer's tax liability.
Any employee of a "qualified business" may also take a credit against his or her personal federal income tax equal to 5 percent of the income received from services performed for the9
business within an Enterprise Zone.' The credit is limited to $1,500 in any taxable year and only covers the first 36 months of employment. Like the employer's credit, it is refundable. b) Capital Gains -- Corporations and Non-Corporate Taxpayers Taxpayers are not required to pay any capital gains tax on tangible property installed after an Enterprise Zone is designated, providing the property has been used for business purposes. Such property would include an interest in a qualified business, and both new and substantially rehabilitated low-income rental housing. The exemption from capital gains tax extends to the first sale or exchange made after the zone designation ends. Capital gains on such p@email@example.com not be taken into account as a preference for assessing minimum tax.
c) Taxation of Business Income
A 50 percent tax allowance is available to any qualified business for income received within a zone. The same allowance is available for any income rece3 ved by any taxp@yer from loans, mortgag@s and other financing provided to a qualified business for business purposes within the zone. The full 50 percent allowance will operate only until the year 1997, after which date it is to be reduced in increments of 10 percent until it is phased out by 2001. 6) Other Financial Incentives A q@ialified business may use the cash method of computing taxable income, providing its total receipts do not exceed $2 million in the tax year. The bill also specifies that new and rehabilitated low-income rental housing in an Enterprise Zone is eligible for investment credits.
7) Regulatory Flexibility
A qualified business is to be considered as a "small entity" for the purposes of the Regulatory Flexibility Act. A not-for- profit enterprise operating within an Enterprise Zone would be treated in the same manner. Rules affecting the administration4 A qualified business is defined as a business in which at least 50 percent of gross receipts come from trade within an Enterprise Zone and at least 40 percent of new hirings are qualified employees. In the case of a firm already in existence, the business will be considered as a qualified business only if the average number of full-time employees for the taxable year is at least 10 percent greater than for the year immediately before the area's designation as an Enterprise Zone.
10of an Enterprise Zone will also be subject to the Regulatory Flexibility Act.
The 1981 Urban Jobs and Enterprise Zone Act is a substantial modification, and improvement, of the 1980 bill. It does much to meet the criticisms raised against the earlier measure. The new bill lays much greater stress on smal.1 business development within the Enterprise Zones, and breaks entirely new ground in providing a means for streamlining both federal and local regulation. A much greater emphasis on the provision of low-income housing can also be seen in the new bill.
The 1981 bill differs in important ways from its predecessor concerning the selection of sites. The designating authority has been moved from Commerce to HUD, and the Secretary of HUD has been given the task of coordinating other federal programs within the zones. These changes reflect the fear expressed by some that the Enterprise Zone might become a replacement for other programs, rather than a supplement to them. The 1981 bill also seeks to extend the Enterprise Zone mechanism to small towns, rather than restricting it, in practice, to large urban areas. States and local governments are also brought more into the picture than was true.,in the 1980 version. This indicates a greater emphasis on the idua of Ente@prise Zones as a local program, and conforms with the Administration's strategy of devolving development planning as far as possible to the states through such means as the block grant system. The limit on the number of zones which can be designated in any one year is an extremely important change. Even some of the most enthusiastic supporters of the Enterprise Zone concept have become concerned that what is still a very experimental approach to inner city revitalization has gradually acquired the status of the urban policy of the 1980s, and the panacea for all urban ills TH might be added that the reason for this situation stems largely from the lack of alternative urban initiatives). A limit on the number of designations has the advantage that the incentives may be examined very closely in the first set of cities before they are applied more extensively. This limit and priority s@stem should also ensure that the cities acquiring the zones will be those prepared to do most at the local level to help the Enterprise Zone idea to succeed.
There is a negative aspect to the limitation on numbers, however, when compared with the automatic designation process inthe earlier version. Critics will no doubt charge that HUD discretion only opens the door to political pressures and favori- tism. While this problem cannot be eliminated, it obviously must be addressed. The Local Commitment The property tax reduction required by the 1980 bill has given way to a new provision requiring state and local governments to put together a package of changes within the zone, designed to encourage enterprise and development. This is another very important feature of the 1981 measure, and removes a major criti- cism of the previous bill. It allows local flexibility and should stimulate innovative mechanisms by local g9vernments. It also further emphasizes that the Enterprise Zone is very much a local device for revitalization, not a blueprint from Washington. The bill awards priority in selection to areas where the local government can demonstrate strong neighborhood support for a zone. Community support is crucial to the success of an Enter- prise Zone. One cannot achieve development based on grassroots organizations and entrepreneurs if there is no enthusiam for the approach in the neighborhood. The bill correctly stresses this. Only by motivating and mobilizing a community will the "trickle up" process embodied in the concept be achieved. An Enterprise Zone Contract? Although the local commitment must be in writing, there is no provision in the bill for it to be modified in the light of experience. An improvement might be to require the federal government, and the state and local governments involved in.any 2one, to draw up a formal E.,-.terprise Zone contract, specifying-, the agreed local commitment and the federal programs and projects which would be provided in the zone. The contract could be modified during the lifetime of the zone, but only by the agreement of all parties. Such a contract could lead to additional incen- tives being offered by both "sides." The federal government, for example, might offer to test a new housing or development program in the zone if the local government agreed to a greater' relaxation in its housing regulations or if it would contract out city services to neighborhood groups. In short, the Enterprise Zone contract could become a vehicle for innovative ideas to be tried out with the agreement of all concerned. The Business Tax Incentives The tax incentives in the bill represent a significant shift from devices that would encourage branching by larger firms to incentives which are more likely to meet the needs of new, indepen- dent businesses. Small firms of this kind generally pay very little tax, and find access to capital a bigger obstacle than their tax burden. The bill seeks to improve the flow of finance to these new companies by the elimination of capital gains on
12investments made in such firms, and by the 50 percent allowance on income from loans made to the businesses. It remains to be seen whether this will be sufficient to overcome the risk and other disincentives.accompanying investment in small, inner city firms; but the provision is based upon the valid assumption that the best method of encouraging @he growth of new firms in depressed areas, as elsewhere, is to provide incentives for investors, rather than tax breaks for the firms themselves. No limit is placed on the tax saving that can be obtained under the capital gains tax or the 50 percent allowance. This is a shortcoming. Enormous tax savings would be possible under the provision. If it remains in the final legislation, it is likely that "paper" companies will form, sharing large profits channeled from corporations outside the zone. Without some limit on the total investment that would be eligible for these generous conces- sions, the Enterprise Zones could offer considerable opportunities for corporate accountants and yet have little impact on the poor. The tax incentives in the bill might be improved considerably by incorporating a measure suggested by Senators Heinz (R-Pa.) and Riegle (D-Mich.) in their Urban and Rural Revitalization Act of 1981 (S. 1240), introduced in May. The Heinz-Riegle bill would change the rules covering Subchapter S corporations by expanding the number of persons who could be shareholders of such corporations, in depressed areas, from 15 to 100. Subchapter S corporations can "pass through" tax benefits and operating losses to their investors, who may then utilize them for tax-saving , purposes. The investors are treated as shareholders, yet retain the advantages,of limited personal liability. Given the low tax burden common in new firms, Subchapter S treatment would make these firms moke attractive to investors who were seeking ways of reducing their tax burden,.rather than obtaini..g immediate income. The greater number of investors permissible unaer Heinz-Riegle mig#t also stimulate more investment in local firms by zone residents with modest savings, and could encourage employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs). The new Enterprise Zone bill drops the three-year straight- line depreciation allowance for capital equipment that was a feature of the 1980 bill. Although some critics argued,that the allowance was too strong, others now contend that removing it completely may go too far in the other direction. There are many, such as Ed Logue, Director of New York's South Bronx Develop- ment office, who fear that if the 10-5-3 depreciation system passes Congress, something will be necessary @o offset the even greater encouragement there will then be for inner city businesses to leave for new suburban sites. While there is merit to this argument, the emphasis on small, new firms in the Enterprise Zone concept does mean that the other tax mechanisms in the 1981 bill are likely to be more important than a depreciation allowance. In considering deprecia- tion as an element in an amended bill, it would be sensible to
13examine the idea of Congressman Henry Nowak (D-NY), contained in his Jobs Expansion and Urban Development Act (H.R. 390). Nowak's bill would increase the amount of used machinery and rehabilitated buildings eligible for an investment :Eax credit. Not only would this be particularly useful for small businesses with limited @apital, but it would also provide a greater inducement for new inner city entrepreneurs to acquire facilities abandoned or being sold by companies moving out of the city. Refundable Employer and Employee Tax Credits A refundable tax credit for employing CETA eligible workers is an improvement on the social security tax reduction in the earlier bill, although it is not without its shortcomings. The credit would offset at least part of the disincentive of the payroll tax and would target the kind of person the Enterprise Zone seeks to assist. The refundable nature of the credit would extend its effect to new companies with small tax burdens. Since the credit is merely a reduction in payroll tax payable, it does not constitute a new outlay by the government. Even when a firm receives a refund, it is only the reimbursement of tax already taken. The social security tax reduction in the 1980 bill was, however, simpler and easier to administer than the new provision. Furthermore, experience with the Targeted Jobs Tax Credit suggests that small companies are reluctant to deal with all the red tape needed to obtain employment tax credits. The credit available for employees is an important step towards reducing the effect of the "poverty trap." Because certain welfare benefits are withdrawn when a recipient obtains paid employment, the worker faces, in effect, a much higher rate of tax than the normal income tax -- in some cases the worker actually faces a net reduction in after-tax income by taking a low-p@id job! The credit will not eliminate this effect, but it will improve the situation, and so make paid employment a little more attractive for those on welfare. Qualified Businesses In order to obtain the most important tax incentives, a business must show that at least 40 percent of its new employees are CETA eligible workers. This is certainly an improvement on the 1980 bill, in that it targets the requirement more effective- ly, and will allow low-skilled people to benefit from the zone, even if they do not live there. The problem with the new requirement is that although the paperwork necessary may impose only a small burden for major corporations, it may be just the kind of restriction which would stifle a new firm in its early days. If a printer decided to start a business in an Enterprise Zone and hire three people, for
14instance, he would need to ensure that two of them were CETA eligibles to be treated as a qualified business -- irrespective of skills he needed to get the printing firm established. When a business is very small, a precise range of skills is often neces- sary. When it begins to grow it can build on this nucleus and hire less-skilled employees. In order to combine the goal of creating jobs for low-skilled people with that of reducing the obstacles to small business start-ups -- so that they can employ such people -- it would.be sensible to place a minimum workforce size for the CETA requirement. If a business had fewer than five employees, for example, it should be considered as a qualified business without a certain proportion having to be CETA eligibles: the 40 percent req@irement should only come into play for workers hired beyond the minimum. Foreign Trade Zones The foreign trade zone provision in the 1980 bill has been retained; it would encourage the Foreign Trade Zone Board to consider future development likely to result from an Enterprise Zone, as well as the current situation, when evaluating an applica- tion for a trade zone. The sponsors see foreigi@ trade zones as potential cores of economic activity in appropriate Enterprise Zones, around which a local economy could develop. Foreign trade zones around the world have been remarkably successful in stimulating growth in this way -- Hong Kong and Taiwan are examples of what can be achieved. Within a foreign trade zone imported goods are not liable for customs duties until they leave the zone for the domestic market, and they are totally exempt if they are re-exported. In addition, goods which are assembled or finished within the zone are relieved of duty on the added value. This makes the foreign trade zone very attractive to foreign suppliers of goods, who have an incentive to establish assembly plants, hiring local workers, in order to escape part of the customs duties. Since assembly plants tend to offer a high proportion of jobs for low-skilled workers, they are particularly suitable for depressed urban neighborhoods. Regulation A major criticism levelled against the 1980 bill was that it failed to include any mechanism to reduce the burden of regulation on businesses and organizations in an Enterprise Zone. Yet many people feared that the relaxation of regulation would mean an unacceptable reduction in safety and other protections for those working and living in the zones. Defining Enterprise Zones as "small entities" under the terms of the 1980 Regulatory Flexibility ACt (P.L. 96-354) would
15seem to be an effective method of relieving unreasonable regulation without in any way removing protections desired by Congress. The Act, which was passed with strong bi-partisan support, recognizes in its preamble that: Laws and regulation designed for application to large scale entities have been applied uniformly to small businesses, small organizations, and small governmental jurisdictions even though the problems that gave rise to goverment action may not have been caused by those small entities. The failure to recognize differences in scale and resources of regulated entities has in numerous instances adversely affected competition in the market place, discouraged innovation and restricted improvement in productivity. The law goes on to argue that in the case of such small entities, alternative regulatory approaches which do not conflict with the state objectives of applicable statutes may be available which minimize the significant economic impact of rules on small business, small organizations, and small governmental jurisdictions. If a proposed regulation is considered to have a "significant economic impact" on a number of small entities, the agency is required to seek an alternative regulation, or grant an exemption, for the small entities -- p@oviding Oe objective of the relevant statute is observed. Agencies are given ten years to carry out the same procedure for existing regulations. Treating Enterprise Zones, and the qualified businesses and non-profit organizations within them, as small entities means that if the economic development of an Enterprise Zone is adverse- ly affected by an existing or proposed regulation, the agency will have to make every effort to find some alternative rule which would accomplish the intent of Congress. The Regulatory Flexibility Act has not been on the statute book long enough for any judgment to be made regarding its effec- tiveness, but it appears to be the best mechanism available for relieving businesses and organizations in an Enterprise Zone from many of the regulatory burdens which stifle rather than protect. In conjunction with the required local commitment, it should help to remove the rules which are irrelevant to conditions in the blighted inner city.
The 1981 Urban Jobs and Enterprise Zone Act is a significant improvement on the 1980 version of the Enterprise Zone, and would16
seem to be an effective piece of legislation to establish Enter- prise Zones in the United States. The bill deals with most of the objections raised against its predecessor, and has helped to widen the coalition supporting the concept. The emphasis on small business and regulation should win support for the bill among the inner city entrepreneurs and neighborhood organizations whose talents the Enterprise Zone seek to encourage. The important role of state and local governments is appreci- ated in the bill, and the measure is compatible with the Admini- stration's view of federalism. With only minor amendments, the bill should dispel many of the fears of liberal and minority organizations that the Enterprise Zones may become a tax shelter for big business, where the benefits to the community would be confined to a trickle-down effect. While the 1981 Enterprise Zone bill may have its defects, it is nevertheless a bold attempt to set in motion a genuine "trickle up" process in the depressed inner cities.,Stuart M. Butler, Ph.D. Policy Analyst


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- Thursday, 1 August 2013
- Time11:00
- Description
- This enchanted story starts on the 8th of June @ Bilderberg 2013 when a man by the name of Ben Fellows announces that he was raped by a high ranking member of Parliament known as Kenneth Clarke. It was here that he announced an upcoming event known as the March against corruption, a cross country walk from the west country across middle England to the houses of parliament.
- On July 7th 2013 Ben Fellows set of, joined by a few other members of the public, one of them being a Mr Malcolm Blackman, dictator and self proclaimed leader and founder of Anonymous UK, accused of rape, but for the record proven innocent in a court of Law;- http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2314595/Member-hacking-group-Anonymous-UK-raped-woman-Occupy-London-campsite-steps-St-Pauls.html
- Ok, moving on, July 8th 2013 , Ben Fellows, Malcolm Blackman and others who have now joined the march arrive at "STONEHENGE" ( This is where it gets interesting ) At this point Malcolm Blackman makes a video in the name of Anonymous, claiming that "WALT DISNEY" are to land grab "STONEHENGE" and that if people want the proof they are to drop what they are doing, leave any other protest and come down to camp at "STONEHENGE" ! seems legit ?
- The question was asked by many activists "Where is the proof linking "WALT DISNEY " to "STONEHENGE" , at this point they went very quiet, mass debate followed, no details or proof were given to support this allegation of a "WALT DISNEY " land grab other than the engineering company working on the site was called Norman DISNEY and Young , but in fact, has no proven links to "WALT DISNEY". ( as yet ) see here >> http://www.ndy.com/
- The claim is that this company is linked to "WALT DISNEY" and the ultimate conspiracy here is that "WALT DISNEY " wish to turn "STONEHENGE" into a theme park. seems legit ? seems like something they would do right . ok, so far so good?
- This is where it gets serious, for 7 days and 7 nights people have been asking ! where is the proof, where is the evidence, why are you getting people to protest this without any proof, this is very non productive and is causing much divide. They have not provided any proof, still they continue to corrupt the minds of the un-educated coercing people to travel down to camp at "STONEHENGE" for a cause that has yet to be confirmed.
- The problem we have here is as follows;-
- Malcolm Blackman claiming to be the leader of Anonymous is one thing, but now he is preying on the weaker and younger activists getting them to blindly follow his agenda, this agenda is a lie, he is asking for new shoes, he is asking for donations, he is distracting the entire uk collective away from the real issues to support his lie.
- If you feel as i feel and if you would seek, as i seek, then i ask you to stand beside me outside the gates of parliament as Mr Blackman and Mr Fellows arrive at the end of there march against corruption. THIS IS A COUNTER DEMO, bring signs, banners etc.
- Blackmans video that is lacking any credible evidence - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYO5Ul1aHvg
- Counter video for the lulz - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dnb7VZFdX1c
- NOTE: You still have a chance, PROVIDE THE EVIDENCE and we will call off the demo. Failure to comply will result in Fellows, Blackman and others to be treated like EDL or any other Fascist Scum !
- We are the Anonymous
- We are Legion
- We do not forgive
- We do not forget
- herp derp
- We do not forget
- Expect us !
a guest Jul 15th, 2013 136 Never
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text:
Offer - Vitabiotics Pregnacare Plus Tablets 56 per pack
Product Description
Pregnacare® Plus combines the original Pregnacare® tablet formula, the leading supplement in pregnancy care, with high quality Omega-3 (DHA 300mg) capsules, in a convenient 2-in-1 pack, for use throughout pregnancy.
Pregnacare® multi-nutrient tablets
Each tablet provides a wide range of essential vitamins and minerals including the exact recommended levels of 400µg folic acid and 10µg vitamin D.
Supplemental folic acid 2 intake increases maternal folate status. Low maternal folate status is a risk factor in the development of neural tube defects in the developing foetus.
Moderate iron and vitamins B6 and B12 which contribute to normal red blood cell formation.
Nutritional tablets produced in Britain to high GMP 3 quality.
High purity Omega-3 capsules
Research increasingly shows the importance of Essential Fatty Acids such as DHA in the development of babies and infants.
Maternal intake of DHA contributes to the normal development of the eye & brain of the foetus1.
Each capsule provides 300mg DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid), a level recommended by many international experts 4 (ISSFAL).
Fish oil produced to high GMP 3 quality.
Pregnacare® Tablets - daily support without excessive levels
Because Pregnacare® has been specially formulated by experts for pregnancy, it contains certain nutrients at levels above the Nutrient Reference Value (NRV). All ingredient amounts are within safe levels for pregnancy.
This comprehensive formula replaces other Pregnacare® supplements and multivitamins.
There is no need for an additional multivitamin.
The UK Department of Health recommends all pregnant and breastfeeding women should take a daily supplement containing 10µg of Vitamin D.
Pregnacare® does not contain vitamin A, as high levels are not advised in pregnancy.
Slow disperse tablets - gentle on the stomach.
Plus Omega-3 DHA Capsules
Pure Fish oil produced in Norway to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) quality standards.
Produced from a source of fish oil that is free from vitamin A.
Provides the full 300mg of DHA, a level recommended by many international experts for pregnancy 4.
Pregnacare Original
Omega-3 DHA
Tablet and capsule images not actual size.
1. A daily intake of 200mg DHA is required in addition to the recommended daily intake of 250mg DHA / EPA for adults.
2. The beneficial effect is obtained with a supplement folic acid daily intake of 400µg for at least one month before and up to three months after conception. This product is designed for women of child-bearing age.
3. Good Manufacturing Practice.
4. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, Vol. 18, No. 5, 487-489 (1999).
Brand Information:Originally developed with Prof. A. H. Beckett OBE, PhD, DSc
Professor Emeritus, University of London
Professor Beckett (1920-2010) cited as a product inventor and former Chairman of Vitabiotics.
Product Features:Greater care during pregnancy, Maternal intake of DHA contributes to the normal brain & eye development of the foetus, Pregnacare Original, Omega-3 DHA, Gluten free, Free from artificial colours, salt, yeast, preservatives & lactose, Pregnacare is not tested on animals, UK's no. 1 pregnancy supplement brand, The Queen's Awards for Enterprise Innovation 2013
Further Information:Supported by The Royal College of Midwives
Pregnacare® prenatal supplements and the RCM; working with midwives for mothers and babies.
Pregnacare® works with
For further information on The National Childbirth Trust visit www.nct.org.uk
Registered Charity No. 801395
Go Folic!
For further information on Go Folic! visit www.gofolic.co.uk
Registered Charity No. 249338
Product Information
Health & Medicines/
Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements/
Women's Multivitamins
Health & Medicines/
Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements/
Shop By Life Stage/
Pregnancy & Babies' Health
Health & Medicines/
Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements/
Shop By Ingredient/
Fish Oil & Omega-3
Health & Medicines/
Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements/
Shop By Ingredient/
Health & Medicines/
Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements/
Shop By Ingredient/
Vitamin C
Health & Medicines/
Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements/
Shop By Concern/
Conception & Pregnancy
Health & Medicines/
Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements/
Shop By Ingredient/
Vitamin E
Baby & Child/
Vitamins & Supplements
Health & Medicines/
Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements/
Shop By Life Stage/
Women's Health
- Brands: Vitabiotics
- Options: On Offer
Store below 25°C in a dry place, out of sight and reach of children.
Preparation and Usage
One tablet (green blister) per day, plus one capsule (pink blister) per day, with your main meal.
Swallow with water or a cold drink. Not to be chewed. Do not exceed the recommended intake. To be taken only on a full stomach.
Return To Address
For further information:
Vitabiotics Ltd,
1 Apsley Way,
Tel: 020 8955 2662
Vitabiotics Ltd,
1 Apsley Way,
Package Type
Other Information
Box Contents:
Pregnacare® Original, Omega-3 DHA
Full Product Name:
Vitamin & mineral tablets plus Omega-3 capsules for pregnancy
Store below 25°C in a dry place, out of sight and reach of children
Safety Warning:
As with other food supplements, consult your doctor or pharmacist before using if you are under medical supervision, have epilepsy, a thyroid condition, haemochromatosis, suffer from food allergies, or are allergic to any of the ingredients.
As Pregnacare® contains vitamin K, if you are taking oral anticoagulants (e.g. warfarin) do not take Pregnacare® except on the advice of a doctor.
This product contains iron, which if taken in excess, may be harmful to very young children.
Additional Information:
Tablets / Capsules
Allergen Information
Allergens can be found in the ingredients list
Contains Fish, Free From Gluten, Free From Lactose, Contains Soya
Allergy Advice: For allergens see highlighted ingredients
Capsule Ingredients:
Omega-3 Fish Oil (Docosahexaenoic Acid Concentrate) (from Fish), Capsule Shell: Pharmaceutical Grade Gelatin (Bovine Source), Glycerin & Natural Flavour Lemon Oil
Tablet Ingredients:
Bulking Agent: Maltodextrin, Magnesium Oxide, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid [Carriers: Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose & Tartaric Acid]), Ferrous Fumarate, Tablet Coating (Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, Hydroxypropylcellulose, Caprilic/ Capric Triglycerides, Natural Source Colours [Titanium Dioxide, Iron Oxides], Glycerin, Purified Talc), Zinc Sulphate, Anti-Caking Agents: Silicon Dioxide, Stearic Acid and Magnesium Stearate, Niacin (as Nicotinamide), Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine HCI), Betacarotene (Carriers: Starch, Water, Antioxidant: DL-Alpha Tocopherol), Pantothenic Acid (as Calcium Salt), Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin [Carriers: Maltodextrin, Trisodium Citrate, Citric Acid]), Vitamin E (D-Alpha Tocopheryl Acid Succinate) (from Soya), Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol [Carriers: Acacia, Sucrose, Corn Starch, Medium Chain Triglycerides, Antioxidant: DL-Alpha Tocopherol]), Thiamin (Vitamin B1 as Mononitrate), Riboflavin, Copper Sulphate, Vitamin K (Vitamin K1 [Carriers: Acacia, Sucrose]), Folic Acid (as Pteroylmonoglutamic Acid), Potassium Iodide, Biotin, Sodium Selenate
Nutritional Data
Capsule Ingredients:
|Typical Values
|Av. per capsule
|Omega 3 Fish Oil
|600 mg
|DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid)
|300 mg
|EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid)
|60 mg
|¿ NRV - Nutrient Reference Value, µg - microgram, mg - milligram, IU - International Units
Tablet Ingredients:
|Typical Values
|Av. per tablet
|Vitamin D (as D3 400 IU)
|10 µg
|Vitamin E
|4 mg ¿-TE
|Vitamin K
|70 µg
|Vitamin C
|70 mg
|Thiamin (Vitamin B1)
|3 mg
|Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
|2 mg
|Niacin (Vitamin B3)
|20 mg NE
|Vitamin B6
|10 mg
|Folic Acid
|400 µg
|Vitamin B12
|6 µg
|150 µg
|Pantothenic Acid
|6 mg
|150 mg
|17 mg
|15 mg
|1000 µg
|30 µg
|150 µg
|Betacarotene (Natural Source)
|2 mg
|¿ NRV - Nutrient Reference Value, µg - microgram, mg - milligram, IU - International Units
Customer Reviews
05 February 2017
Poor Quality Ingredients
Synthetic Folic Acid, B6 and B12 are the least absorbable types. It also contains talc. Old fashioned. Research your ingredients. I think Vitabiotics can improve on this.
09 November 2015
great as you're trying to conceive
Contains all the vitamins recommended if you're trying conceive (according to the books). Only other supplement I take is osteocare (2 a day for calcium). I really like the labels for the dates- makes it a lot easier to remember to take them and keep track.
26 March 2015
Liked it
I hadstomach pain when I took the tablets according to the pack instructions -with a main meal-, so I tried taking them about half an hour after my dinner. They made me feel more energised and I think the iron kicked in because I was less scatty! My little boy is quite bright for his age according to his nursery carers and my own observations so i'd like to think the Omega-3 helped.
05 July 2012
4 of 4 found this review helpful.
Great product
Excellent product. I've taken them all the way through the pregnancy with no issues and my baby is of average size. They must be taken on a full stomach to avoid sick feeling. They don't contain calcium so osteocare is a good buy too.
09 April 2010
0 of 8 found this review helpful.
Seemed to trigger sickness
Even though im aware these supplements worked fine for a lot of my pregnant friends i personally found they triggered sickness and heartburn in me. When i stopped taking them and swapped for plain folic acid my sickness and heartburn went. In my case these were a dissapointment.
- Tesco Price Match
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- Disclaimer
- These summary details have been prepared for information purposes only, and are designed to enhance your shopping experience on the Ocado website. While we have taken care in preparing this summary and believe it is accurate, it is not a substitute for your reading the product packaging and label prior to use. You should note that products and their ingredients are subject to change. If you do require precise ingredient information you should consult the manufacturer, whose contact details will appear on the packaging or label.
- Ocado is therefore unable to accept liability for any incorrect information. Where this description contains a link to another party's website for further information on the product, please note that Ocado has no control over and no liability for the contents of that website.
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text:
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text:
Edwardsville (Ill.) three-star cornerback Craig James took his first official visit of the process this past weekend to Indiana, and now the Hoosiers are making a move to the top of his interest list.
"I like everything I saw there," James said. "I love the campus and I liked the players they have there. The players seemed like players I could relate to, chill with and be teammates with the next four years."
The Hoosier James spent the most time with during the weekend was his player-host, junior cornerback Kenny Mullen, who shared a player's insight of the program with James.
Article Continues Below
"One question I had was I asked him how Coach [Brandon] Shelby was," James said. "He said he was pretty much straight-up with you, and that's what I like. I don't want a coach to sugarcoat anything, just be straight with me about everything."
James also had a chance to watch Shelby's defensive backs in action on Saturday when Indiana played host to Missouri.
"Pretty much their defensive scheme is everything we run at our high school, so hopefully I can get used to it pretty quickly," James said. "I saw an opportunity for Indiana. There is a lot of time to build, and that's what they are in the process of doing."
The 5-foot-10, 170-pound James had listed Iowa as the team to beat over the summer, but with his recent official visit to Indiana the Hoosiers have joined the Hawkeyes at the top.
"Indiana and Iowa are probably the two biggest schools on my mind right now because those are the only two schools I've visited," James said. "Until I visit different schools, that probably won't change."
An official visit has been discussed with the Iowa coaches, and James has a tentative date for that trip.
"I planned on the 23rd of November but I might have to change that because hopefully we will be [in playoffs] that weekend," he said.
Other schools are still in the mix for James, but whether he will visit those schools is still undecided.
"I am trying to visit Minnesota, Syracuse and Kansas," James said. "I talked to Minnesota maybe two weeks back and I'm still deciding on whether we should go there with my mom."


text:
The trade balance dipped to a $641 million deficit last month, but recorded a surplus of $1.1 billion (2.3 percent of exports) for the year to date, according to Statistics New Zealand.
In August 2011, there was a trade deficit of $641 million, or 19 percent of the value of exports. The August month is normally in the red, and this month's result compares with an average deficit of 27 percent of exports for the previous five Augusts.
The values of imported and exported goods were both higher compared to the same time last year; the seasonally adjusted value of exports was down from July but imports increased.
Imports climbed 15 percent from August 2010, with the $523 million increase led by petroleum and products (56 percent), and mechanical machinery and equipment. Imported railway vehicles also contributed significantly.
Government statistician Geoff Bascand said the $313 million rise in exports was mainly due to meat and edible offal, crude oil, and milk powder, butter, and cheese, which all rose by similar amounts.
China was the largest market for increased exports, up 47 percent ($117 million); exports to Australia were up 12 percent, due primarily to crude oil exports for refining. Gold kiwifruit helped lift exports to South Korea by 30 percent or $28 millio.
The trend in export values has increased 26 percent since its most recent low in October 2009, and continues to be near a record high.
Import values have been flat since March. They had mostly been rising (up 21 percent) since a recent low point in September 2009.
Compared with August 2010, key increases in imported goods came from mechanical and electrical machinery and equipment, railway vehicles, and sugars and sugar confectionery .
Imports from Canada rose $39 million or 120 percent mostly due to an increase in fertilisers, while the US, our third-largest import partner, recorded a decrease of $24 million (6.1 percent).


text:
When you think about girls panties for men you probably picture something flashy and made from lace or something but that isn't what I like to wear. I have known guys that will wear panties like that all the time and they are perfectly happy with them. However, I am not happy while wearing items of that nature. In fact they bother me all day long and I keep trying to maneuver them around without looking like I am having a mental breakdown. I prefer wearing something that is comfortable and benign in appearance most of the time because that is the type of guy that I am.
Hot panty styles, Micro swimwear and amazing sports tights and shorts from www.koalaswim.com
I do wear some extra sexy girls panties for men on certain occasions but for my everyday adventures I like the typical cotton panties instead. They are much more comfortable to me and they don't tend to ride up into places that I would prefer they didn't. Any guy that doesn't have a problem with this happening has probably been wearing panties like this their entire life and it isn't really a fetish for them anymore. Even when I am trying to be sexy my panties ride up and I spend a good bit of time trying to find ways of getting them back in place without simply sliding my hand down my pants and moving them.
I have also found that the girls panties for men that I enjoy wearing help reduce a small amount of stress in my life. The daily grind that I go through isn't really filled with danger or anything but it does tend to get a bit monotonous at times. When I am wearing my panties though I don't feel the same amount of boredom that I would normally feel if I was wearing my boxers and it has made me want to start wearing them more often. Now I wear them just about every day and I am buying more of them so that I can eventually toss out my old underwear and have nothing on but panties from here on out. It may sound odd to you but if you give it a shot you will understand what I am talking about rather quickly and you will probably do the same thing as I.


text:
The Netherlands coach Louis van Gaal says his side should have scored more goals than the 1-0 success over Ghana in a pre-World Cup friendly on Saturday night.
Robin van Persie scored the only goal of the match in the fifth minute at De Kuip Arena in Rotterdam.
'We are too careless with the ball at times,' he is quoted as telling SBS 6.
'In the first half, there were many opportunities for us to create opportunities, but we have not taken advantage of them.
'We have created and scored a brilliant goal, but it should have been 3-0. We had another two fantastic attacks.'
Netherlands meet Wales in Amsterdam on Wednesday in their final pre-World Cup warm-up.
For more Ghana football news visit www.ghanasoccernet.com
This article has 0 comment, leave your comment.
This article has 0 comment, leave your comment.


text:
After the leveeing of the Mississippi River ,which has nearly destroyed the Louisiana coast by depriving it of overflows of fresh water that brought life to our wetlands and marshes, we got a break in 1990. In that year, the Coastal Wetland Planning, Protection and Restoration Act was passed by Congress.
Federal funding was provided for CWPPRA projects that would help bring studies to the drawing board and plans into reality that could reverse the destruction of our coast. It was not done on a very large scale, for sure.
In the beginning, the program provided only about $30 million a year for design and work on projects that had many objectives in sight. Among them were river diversion projects such as the Davis Pond Diversion in St. Charles Parish, pumping sediment from the bottom of the river into bay areas along the coast that are washing away and restoration of barrier islands that protect our coast from extinction as storm surges and regular high tides wash in.
Now the contribution from CWPPRA is up to about $85 million yearly which is still not enough to meet our needs considering the extent of destruction of the thousands of square miles of coast so far. Just ride across the La. Highway 1 bridge in Leeville and you will know what we mean by receding coast.
In the seventies and eighties, the Leeville area was filled with heavy marshes and live trees. Ponds and waterways were few and far between. Now that marshland below Leeville to Grand Isle has transformed almost into open salty water in which dead trees stand.
There is still hope that the Louisiana coast will rise again. The CWPPRA program so far has restored some areas of the coast and some 13 projects are being constructed with another 40 or so being designed.
But Congressional authorizing for funding of CWPPRA projects is scheduled to end in 2019, which means the picture could change at that time. However, there are signs that our coast will survive in the future.
A great deal of funding that can be used for coastal restoration of Louisiana's coast is included in fines being imposed on British Petroleum because of the company's oil disaster in the Gulf. Louisiana, along with other Gulf states, is scheduled to receive a greater percentage of offshore mineral royalty beginning in the year 2017. Hopes are that it will be changed to an even earlier date.
Plus, the East Bank Levee Association has filed a lawsuit requiring some 100 or so oil and drilling companies to pay for restoration of the Louisiana coast to like it was before they started drilling and digging canals along it without filling them up when finished. Of course there is opposition to this from the defendants and some of the state administration.
But, the future does look somewhat brighter ahead. Hopes are that Louisiana will continue to have one of the most productive coasts in the world for many years to come.


text: Hi everybody, So I used the kfactor tour for half a year, and I ended up switching to the pure storm (non gt) for another half a year. I then made the mistake of switching to the aeropro drive gt. I want to go back to one of my previous sticks. How does the pure storm tour (non gt) compare to the new BLX Tour? I don't want to have to take a demo out, as this is not a life decision, but I'm curious to see what other people think. Thanks in advance!


text:
Wait…They Were Dating? Cooper And Zellweger Split
US Weekly is reporting that Bradley Cooper and Renee Zellweger have called it quits after less than two years together. Reps for both actors had no comment.
The couple has been famously tight-lipped about their relationship, but last year they both opened up to "Entertainment Tonight" about how much they loved working together on the 2010 horror-thriller "Case 39."
"Can't say enough about her," Cooper said. "I never met her before this movie, but I just love her. I love coming to work. I love acting with her. I can learn so much from her."
"I just got so excited, not believing that I was going to go to work with him," Zellweger said.
Last summer the couple shot down engagement rumors.
Cooper wed Jennifer Esposito in 2006 and they split after four months together. Zellweger was married to Kenny Chesney for four months in 2005.
Courtesy of The Huffington Post.


text:
Objectives Edit
Speak to Bat Handler Camille at Vengeance Landing and obtain passage to the Windrunner. Report to Captain Harker aboard the ship.
Description Edit
We have the Windrunner, the Queen's Reprisal and the Oblivion stationed just east of the Derelict Strand. Send orders to the fleet's commander, Captain Harker, that they're to destroy the Alliance's cannons.
Speak to our bat handler, Camille, and ask for passage to the fleet's location. Be quick, <name>, every minute we spend fighting the Alliance is a minute we could've spent fighting Arthas.
Completion Edit
I hope you're ready to fight, <name>. The Queen's fleet needs you!
Quest progression Edit
- [68] War is Hell
- [68] Reports from the Field
- [68] The Windrunner Fleet
- [68] Ambushed!
- [69] Guide Our Sights
- [69] Landing the Killing Blow
- [68] Report to Anselm
- [70D] A Score to Settle


text:
Petrol station bosses across Lancashire today told how they have seen an increase of customers 'panic buying' following a vote by fuel delivery drivers to go on strike.
A national walkout over conditions by some 2,000 delivery drivers could come as soon as next week, union bosses have warned.
That has sparked fears that forecourts could run out of fuel, sparking a repeat of scenes during the last strike in 2000.
Drivers from seven major distribution companies, which supply some of the largest petrol stations and supermarkets, were balloted for industrial action.
The Asda petrol station in Fulwood closed completely yesterday afternoon before a tanker refilled the pumps several hours late.
Salim Dhila, manager of the New Hall Lane Filling Station, in Fishwick, Preston, said: "Some people have been panic buying the fuel.
"I would not be able to count them but there has been more (customers) than usual.
"As long as we have got the fuel in the tanks we can serve customers.
"Of course we are concerned but I had a fuel delivery this morning and the delivery driver was telling me it should be sorted before they go on strike." Elaine Wellings, a partner at Houghtons Filling Station, Garstang Bypass Road, Garstang, said: "People are mentioning it and obviously it is busier.
"It is headlines on the news. The headlines are don't panic so everyone does. People think about what happened in 2000. Last time we didn't run out because we rationed everybody when things got bad."
A worker at the Shell garage, on Garstang Road, Preston, said: "We had some queues (yesterday) morning and customers panicking we had run out of fuel."
The cost of unleaded in Preston current stands at a high of 144p, with diesel standing at 149.9p.
The Unite union has said that any walkout by delivery drivers could bring chaos to forecourts within two days. It said no strike dates would be announced until meetings with local union leaders had been held.
Meanwhile, the Government has claimed it has learned lessons from the previous strike and was preparing contingency plans, including training the Army to stand in.
Fuel deliveries ground to a halt in 2000, causing chaos at petrol stations across the country. Pumps also ran dry in Lancashire in 2005 following threats of fuel demonstrations in the county.


text:
THE body of a man who disappeared while swimming with friends has been found in the Hawkesbury River northwest of Sydney.
A group of friends were swimming in the river, west of the Windsor Bridge, just before 6pm (AEDT) on Wednesday when the 25-year-old man got into difficulty and went under the water.
His body was found about 10.40pm on Wednesday night in the area he was last seen swimming.
Police will prepare a report for the coroner.
Officers from Hawkesbury Local Area Command, a police helicopter, police divers and other emergency services were involved in the search.
There are not believed to be any suspicious circumstances surrounding the incident.
Originally published as Swimmer's body in Hawkesbury river


text:
An Interview with Bernice McCarthy: Creator of The 4MAT® System
Bernice McCarthy is the Chief Innovative Officer and Creator of 4MAT and the Founder of About Learning System: A Framework for Improving Teaching. The world of instruction needed something new and that jolt came from Dr. Bernice McCarthy. Dr. McCarthy knew from her extensive teaching experience there had to be a style of learning that would reach all students. Traditional lessons taught with lectures, tests and rote memorization might work for some students while others need instruction with interaction and hands on activities. Armed with the desire to help every student learn, Dr. McCarthy founded About Learning in 1979. She has continued to present workshops and in-services on her system which has been adopted by many.
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
Volume (Year): 2 (2013)
Issue (Month): 4 (October)
Pages: 196-198
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NEW HANOVER COUNTY, NC (NEWS RELEASE) – On Friday, April 1st, New Hanover County Vice and Narcotics detectives wrapped up a month long investigation and arrested one subject for numerous heroin trafficking charges. Detectives arrested Johmar Monte Galloway, after completing a vehicle stop at the intersection of 12th and Wright Street. Galloway was found in possession of 100 bags of heroin and was taken into custody.
The investigation continued and Sheriff's detectives searched the residence at 309 S. 16th St. An additional 750 bags of heroin were located at the residence. According to Captain D.A. Ciamillo, this was a significant arrest. Ciamillo stated the investigation was aided by the Wilmington Police Department. "It was a great team effort that made this investigation a successful one", Ciamillo said.
The 850 bags have a street value of over $20,000.
Johmar Monte Galloway
32 year old Black Male
PWIMSD- felony 2 counts
Maintaining Dwelling or Vehicle for Drugs-felony 2 counts
Manufacturing a Controlled Substance- felony
Possession of Marijuana- misdemeanor
Possession of Drug Paraphernalia- misdemeanor 2 counts
Driving During Revocation- misdemeanor
Trafficking Heroin- felony 2 counts
Weapon Possession by a felon- felony


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Homecoming season is here. Find the latest collections of retro homecoming dresses in a variety of colors and styles at eDressit. Our retro homecoming dresses are available in many colors, shapes, and sizes. Whether your homecoming dress is going to be short or long, we have what you are looking for! Browse our dresses for homecoming to find your perfect retro homecoming dresses here at a price that won't break your bank! With a large selection of homecoming dresses, you are sure to find your perfect dress for homecoming at eDressit. We do international shipping everyday! Act now!
Please enter a valid email address.


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Water Leadership Program - special offer for CRC Water Sensitive Cities participants
In recognition of the importance of water leadership in achieving water sensitive cities, IWC would like to offer the CRC for Water Sensitive Cities participants an exclusive opportunity to build their water leadership capacity.
Designed for emerging water leaders at the project to middle management level, the IWC Water Leadership Program is customised for the water sector through sound research and collaboration with experienced industry practitioners.
The program helps emerging leaders to develop the abilities they need to exert influence, drive change and advance challenging integrated water management projects — abilities associated with the most effective integrated water management leaders.
This nine-month professional development program comprises a one week intensive plus various distance/online modules and elements including coaching. Participants who fully commit to the program spend approximately 15 days on program activities over the nine month period.
If you enrol before 15 November 2013 and you are a staff member of a CRC WSC Essential or Other Participant, you will be eligible for a special 10% discounted rate of $7,200 + GST to attend the next round of the program starting in December 2013.
- Read more about the program
- Download Program flyer (PDF)
- Video: what participants say
- Apply now (by 15 November)
The program recently won the 2013 Stormwater Industry Association of Queensland Award for Excellence in Policy and Education. It is supported by the Australian Water Association (AWA) and the Water Services Association of Australia (WSAA).


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Electric Fuel introduces new zinc-air military battery
Israel's Electric Fuel Corporation recently introduced a new 12 Volt zinc-air battery for military applications. The AZAAP FB battery utilizes the same zinc-air cells developed by Electric Fuel for the US Army's CECOM BA-8180/U battery.
CECOM has partially funded Electric Fuel's development of the high-energy AZAPP technology since 1998. Electric Fuel will begin delivery of initial military orders for the 28Ah FB zinc-air battery in February.
The Model FB AZAPP is a lightweight, low-cost, disposable zinc-air battery that operates at 12V. With total energy of 400 Wh and specific energy of 350 Wh/kg, the high-capacity FB is expected to replace or supplement lithium batteries in a variety of applications requiring extended mission time. In addition to being lighter and less expensive per watt-hour than primary lithium batteries, the FB battery is also safer and more environmentally friendly.
Electric Fuel is a developer of primary and refuelable zinc-air battery technology, pioneering advancements in battery technology for defense and security products, safety products and electric vehicles. In extensive field testing, the recently designated US Army BA-8180/U battery made by Electric Fuel typically provided four to six times the run time of a BA-5590, a primary lithium battery pack widely used in the military.
Electric Fuel batteries for electric transportation have been demonstrated in the US powering a full size 40' zero emission transit bus for more than 125 miles. Electric Fuel also produces life jacket emergency lights for air and marine use. — (menareport.com)
© 2003 Mena Report (www.menareport.com)


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FREDERICK, Md. (AP) — Maryland State police have charged a woman with driving under the influence after they say she drove the wrong way on U.S. 15 in Frederick.
Troopers received a report about 1 a.m. Tuesday that a car was traveling in the wrong lanes of the road. According to the News-Post of Frederick, police say a trooper saw a car traveling south in the northbound lanes, weaving in and out of traffic.
The trooper pulled the car over.
Kirsten A. Voorhees, 29, of Frederick was arrested and released on personal recognizance.
(Copyright 2011 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)


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Outdoors enthusiast and educator Dan Forman founded the Louisiana Outdoors Outreach Program in 2004 to link classroom education to outdoor experiences for area school children. Through the program, many students were exposed to the area's natural resources in state parks and City Park.
Forman died Feb. 9. He was 46. There's a story about LOOP by Ian McNulty here, and an obit and story about the program by the Times-Picayune's Bob Marshall.
Forman's friends have organized a tribute and fundraiser for LOOP from 6 p.m. to 10 p.m. Thursday, April 5, at d.b.a. Jon Cleary performs and there's free food, a silent auction, raffles and more. Suggested donation is $10. Donations can also be sent to Friends of LOOP, c/o FirstLine Schools, 3649 Laurel St., New Orleans 70115.


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Posts tagged with "4th of july"
Quiznos Celebrates 4th of July with Tasty Savings Coupon
Quiznos is offering this coupon for a free small sub when you purchase one sandwich of equal or more value and a large fountain drink from now till July 7th 2012. Great toasted sandwiches and pretty healthy as well. Read More →
Carls Jr Amazing Spider Man Promotion Gallery
Did you go spidey for a Cheeseburger?! If you are so inclined to dress like Spider Man for a free burger this 4th of July for Carl's Jr's Amazing Spider Man promotion, than I am guessing you will probably make a pretty big deal about it or at least look completely ridiculous, either way, we want a picture of you to put in our gallery for this. Spider Man Costume Gallery It doesn't matter how you look, heck, for our picture you can...
Carl's Jr Hardee's July 4th Spider Man Eats Free Commercial and Trailers
Spider Man Eats Free on 4th of July I'm sure some of you have had your spidey senses tickling you, and for good reason. Carl's Jr / Hardees has really been working the creative commercials and this new one is bound to lead to some good comedy at your local Carl's Jr's. This 4th of July anyone who walks into a participating Carl's Jr wearing a Spider Man costume (with out a mask), will receive a free Grilled Cheese Bacon...


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Well imagine no more!
Sign up now and become part of a team of like-minded recruits committed to getting fitter, feeling great, having fun and living a fitter, healthier life.
You are part of the Team - you are not alone. Every session youll work alongside your fellow campers and together with yours, theirs and our encouragement and non-stop motivation youll be unstoppable!
We make every session varied and challenging so youll never get bored!
Regardless of your fitness level or ability we all train together and are not split into separate groups, we all get fitter and stronger as a team.


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Customers Who Bought This Product Also Bought
Tenchi Muyo GXP: Volume 4 - New Illusions
A few weeks ago I was sitting at home waiting for the swelling to go down on my most recent accident. Now I'm soaring through the cosmos as Captain of the pirate Decoy Squad! My job: to track down pirates. But they always seem to find me first, especially when my crew is in no position to fend them off. As I write this dozens of pirate ship are on our tail. It looks like my Galaxy Police career is going to be a short one. Even NB has defected! Now I can see Ryoko Balta's ship heading my direction. But something's wrong! Ryoko's charging in with guns blazing, but what is her target?
Includes Episodes 12-14
- Length
- Rating NR
- Released:
- Added May 03 2004
- Production Year 2004
- Empire SKU 605478
- UPC Code 704400076329
- Studio Funimation
- Packaging Keep
- Number of Discs 1
- Disc SS-SL
- Audio
English Dolby Digital 5.1
Japanese Dolby Digital Stereo
- Video
Standard 1.33:1 Color


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My Nonprofit Reviews
Review for VAANI, Deaf Children's Foundation, Bangalore, , India
The very name VAANI brings solace and comfort in my mind with the thought that there is still someone who is out there helping and supporting these children in a genuine and selfless manner. It is truly remarkable what VAANI has been doing. I have seen just some of the work done by the Guwahati Chapter of VAANI and that is such a moving and touching story by itself. The sight of the sheer joy, excitement and happiness seen in the faces of the children at whatever VAANI provides to them is an experience that cannot be described. The efforts and the work done by VAANI, Guwahati makes one understand and realise what selfless love, benevolence and compassion is all about.
Wish you the very best VAANI. It is a privilege and honour to just to be able to experience and write this.
Warm regards,
Rittique Phukan.
Chartered Accountant.
Guwahati, Assam.
More Feedback
Will you volunteer or donate to this organization?
How much of an impact do you think this organization has?
When was your last experience with this nonprofit?


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Rendering of the beginning of construction of the new Jefferson Square Apartments.
Council President Herb Wesson was joined by community stakeholders and area residents at the groundbreaking for the Jefferson Square Apartments, a new 40-unit apartment project located at Jefferson and 4th Avenue.
The groundbreaking event marked the start of construction for the approximately $15 million project. The apartments are scheduled to be completed and ready for occupancy in October 2013.
"This project is a remarkable achievement in this rough economy," said Wesson. "We need more affordable housing, and with the hard work of our office and the strong support from our Jefferson Park community partners we succeeded."
Jefferson Square Apartments will feature 9 one-bedroom apartments, 19 two-bedroom apartments, and 12 three-bedroom apartments. Estimated rents for one-bedrooms will be from $593-$793, two bedrooms from $517-$1,028, and three bedrooms from $595- $1,253.
There will also be 1,500 square feet of ground floor commercial retail space.
Applications will be distributed online (www.JeffersonSquareLA.com) and in front of the building on March 4th thru March 9th, 2013 and March 11th, thru March 15th, 2013, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Applicants must have incomes that fall below 60% of Los Angeles County median income. The current maximum for a four person household is $50,580. Income limits are adjusted annually in the spring.
Residents will be selected by a lottery of eligible applicants, and a limited number of applicants will be placed on a wait list for future availability.
The project's developer is Thomas Safran & Associates, which has developed over 5,000 units of rental housing for seniors and families, as well as similar mixed-use developments
The project was supported by approximately $6 million of public funding provided through the state Proposition 1C Affordable Housing Bond, the Community Redevelopment Agency, and the City of Los Angeles Affordable Housing Trust.


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adidas Releases Statement On New Lawsuit Against Skechers
July 11, 2016 BY Sneaker News / 3 / 5
Footwear brand Skechers has built up a notorious reputation as one of the biggest knock-off brands in the world. They've blatantly copied adidas and Nike on a number of footwear ...Read More
Here's A Look At The adidas Springblade Solyce
February 28, 2016 BY Zack Schlemmer / 3.03 / 5
Springblade technology from adidas is back again, with the all-new Solyce runner for men. The energy-returning cushioning tech from adidas definitely isn't for everybody, but tho...Read More
Rick Owens x adidas Spring 2015 Collection
February 24, 2015 BY Patrick Johnson / 3.17 / 5
Rick Owens and adidas Originals just dropped a Spring 2015 Collection that Clooney's Batman would be jealous of. We know he preferred the Air Jordan 6 stylings of the day, but th...Read More
- $299.95 BUY IT NOW 9hr 11mins
- $200.00 8 bids 14hr 13mins
- $289.99 BUY IT NOW 15hr 51mins
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adidas Springblade Uncaged – Available
August 5, 2014 BY Patrick Johnson / 4.3 / 5
adidas continues to make some changes to their head-turning Springblade lineup. While we've seen the sneaker slimmed down with the addition of the adidas Springblade Razor earlie...Read More
Rick Owens Tech Runner with adidas Springblade
June 27, 2014 BY Brendan Dunne / 4.64 / 5
The adidas Springblade is the sort of teched out shoe that you've never really expect to see in the lifestyle realm. And yet here it is, being borrowed by Rick Owens for his Spri...Read More
adidas Unveils the Springblade Drive
June 24, 2014 BY John Kim / 3.83 / 5
The adidas Springblade has evolved again. For this season, the sneaker has morphed into the new adidas Springblade Drive, which is put to the test here by Sammy Watkins of Buffalo Bill...Read More
adidas Springblade – Spring 2014 Releases
January 31, 2014 BY Aaron Hope / 4 / 5
The new Springblade Razor will be running alongside the originator of this novel new midsole technology this spring. The adidas Springblade has some new colorways ready for those who...Read More
adidas Unveils the Springblade Razor
January 9, 2014 BY Brendan Dunne / 3.75 / 5
The adidas Springblade will be reborn this year via the new adidas Springblade Razor. This time around the sneaker has its upper reworked, and sports a web like design up there along w...Read More
adidas Springblade Razor
January 1, 2014 BY Brendan Dunne / 2.5 / 5
Despite being not even a year old, the adidas Springblade has already grown up and been outfitted with a version 2.0 of sorts. Next up is the adidas Springblade Razor, which keeps thin...Read More
adidas Springblade Available on miadidas
December 13, 2013 BY Brendan Dunne / 0 / 5
The adidas Springblade is one of those sneakers that has the potential to transcend the realm of the footwear obsessed thanks to its striking outsole system. Helping it out even more i...Read More
adidas Springblade Heather Collection
November 18, 2013 BY Brendan Dunne / 0 / 5
The adidas Springblade will deviate from the clean cut colors via the newly debuted "Heather Collection". The trio of sneakers each feature a heathered pattern across the u...Read More
adidas Springblade "Electricity"
October 24, 2013 BY Brendan Dunne / 3.88 / 5
Did it really take this long for the adidas Springblade to get dressed up in the "Electricity" shade? That's sort of surprising when you think about it given the exte...Read More
adidas Springblade – Blast Pink – Red Zest
August 7, 2013 BY Aaron Hope / 0 / 5
New adidas TV ads have done a great job of visually demonstrating just how different their new running shoes are, but have you had a chance to feel the impact of the new adidas Springb...Read More
adidas Springblade – Available
August 1, 2013 BY Aaron Hope / 0 / 5
Arguably the most highly anticipated new sneaker technology in 2013 officially debuts today as the adidas Springblade meets its initial release date. The Springblade has made waves w...Read More
adidas Springblade – August 2013 Colorways
July 29, 2013 BY John Kim / 0 / 5
The adidas Springblade is a shoe that will arrive in plenty of colorways to accompany that black and red that you've probably been associating with it since the unveil. adidas...Read More


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The Cleveland Hanuman
|The 10C statue of Hanuman at the Cleveland Museum of Art - without its feet
I wrote this post back in February of this year:
I bumped into the curator for Southeast Asian art at the Cleveland Museum of Art tonight who has been in-country, visiting as many Khmer temples as possible and getting the low down on Khmer art and history. With the recent news media going crazy for stories of looted Khmer art pieces, other items being returned and so on, Cleveland have been doing their own research on the pieces that they have in their museum, back in the United States. A look at their collection online via their website, identifies a number of Khmer items from pre- and through the Angkor period, including this 10th century sandstone Hanuman figure, supposedly from the Koh Ker complex. The figure has no feet so if the piece did come from the Koh Ker site, specifically the Prasat Chem temple, there should be a pedestal or base that would fit snugly onto the sculpture that is in Cleveland. Despite searching the site and discussing in detail with Apsara, no pedestal could be found. It is commendable that Cleveland have actually got off their arse and conducted their own in-depth investigations over here. If they can prove provenance showing that the piece wasn't obtained illegally, then it doesn't look like this Hanuman will be coming home anytime soon.
Obviously, the media buzz regarding the items stolen from Prasat Chen in the Koh Ker complex have been hitting the headlines recently, so the Cleveland Hanuman is fair game. Yesterday, the following article about the curator and the Hanuman figure appeared on Cleveland.com and is well worth a read. Find the article at http://www.cleveland.com/arts/index.ssf/2014/05/the_cleveland_museum_of_art_sa.html.
Labels: Cleveland Museum of Art, Koh Ker, Prasat Chen


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Home | 18.013A | Chapter 15
First, what are they? What are the intrinsic local properties of the curve?
A straight line has a direction which we can describe by a unit vector in that direction:
Thus the equations describe a line that has the direction of the vector and of the unit vector .
A general differentiable curve is one that looks like a straight line when looked at over a sufficiently short interval. Thus at any point it has a slope and that slope will in general be in the direction of the vector , which we will call .
We define to be a unit vector in the direction of
We define one more parameter which represents the distance along the curve between where you are at and where you are on it at argument .
The intrinsic information about the curve is contained in the relation between and , between the tangent vector and the distance parameter along the curve.
To a first approximation, the curve at any point is characterized by its slope there, which is the direction of or .


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- Description
For the little baby boy who wants to be just like his Daddy, comes My First Tool Box 5 piece set. The cutest little gift with plush toy saw, hammer, screwdriver and wrench that stores within the soft blue and bright yellow tool box, not only will it provide hours of fun but will assist to develop his motor skills, colour and object identification.
This children's toy tool set will soon become cherished and taken everywhere!
Comes Giftwrapped and Ribboned with personalised card
- Reviews
- Delivery Information
Delivery Timing
SAME DAY to Sydney Metropolitan, Central Coast, Blue Mountains & Wollongong (order by 10:15 a.m. AEST).
NEXT DAY to all Metropolitan areas in Australia excluding Northern Territory (order by 3:30 p.m. AEST).
Please allow extra business days for remote areas and Northern Territory.
NEXT DAY to most areas in NSW including non-metro and remote areas.
VIP services available during business hours - Within 3 - 5 Hours Sydney Delivery starting from $24.99 and Next Flight Service Australia wide.
3-5 Business Hours Sydney CBD - $34.99 / Hamper
3-5 Business Hours Sydney Metropolitan - $49.99
*We do not deliver on weekends or public holidays.
*For Bulk Orders especially around Christmas we recommend you order in advance.
Delivery Charges
$9.95 to Sydney Metropolitan areas.
$14.95 to Any Address in Australia (excl Sydney Metropolitan).
$34.99 3 - 5 Business Hours Sydney CBD VIP Service.
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For Bulk Orders reduced freight charges usually apply. Please contact us for a quote.
At checkout you are able to specify your preferred delivery date. If you have a preferred delivery date we always recommend ordering earlier.
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