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I am getting two quotes for sealing the metal air ducts in our basement. The goal is to reduce air leakage and save $ on a/c.
#1 says he uses foil tape (which has the sealant on it) because it is faster to install and doesn't crack like mastic "paint" would- his example was the return air handler metal does flex a bit. He also said he will use the tape to seal around supply and returns on main living area.
#2 says he uses mastic because it seals better; he will use spray foam to spray from the basement around the supply and return areas. He is also giving quote to air seal the plate/sills around basement perimeter against air filtration.
Any input re using the two materials? What about method of sealing air supply and returns- at main level with tape or from below with foam? The only place I can see where the movement of metal might cause a crack would be just at the air handler unit. Maybe it really doesn't matter-just personal contractor preference? I have 1 quote and am waiting for 2nd one.
One more question. I have a hot water heater in basement and the #2 contractor noticed the vent going into the pipe was undersized for the water heater size. It is 3" but should be 4" he said. The vent isn't drafting all that well if the bathroom fan on the main floor is on, all doors shut, and he said this should help.
Thanks for the input. I'll probably be deciding in the next week or two which one to use, and get on with it.


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This week's installment in our Q&A series hits close to home. As we write, a 10,000-acre wildfire burns less than twenty miles from our office in Bozeman, Montana, a humbling reminder of the reality of large and destructive wildfires in the west.Dean Lueck knows wildfires better than most. Before becoming an economist he was a smokejumper with the U.S. Forest Service in McCall, Idaho. Recently, Lueck combined his hands-on experience fighting fires with his impressive academic career studying property rights and natural resource economics. The result was Wildfire Policy: Law and Economics Perspectives, a volume he co-edited with Karen Bradshaw. This summer, Lueck is continuing his research on wildfire policy at PERC, along with Jonathan Yoder, as a 2012 PERC Lone Mountain Fellow.Q: Can you highlight a few examples of major wildfires and what efforts were taken toward suppression?A: First, there is the famous 1910 "Big Burn" in northern Idaho and western Montana. That fire, or actually a collection of fires, burned about 3 million acres, killed over 80 people, and devastated the town of Wallace, Idaho. It was fought in a disorganized manner by unskilled firefighters including convicts, vagrants, U.S. Army soldiers, timber land owners with only hand tools. Because the fire took place predominantly on national forest lands, it led to dramatic changes in federal fire policy. Also during the period between 1880-1920, there were many fires as large or larger than the Great 1910 Burn. Many of these took place in the northeast and the Great Lakes region where private timber land dominated.In general organized wildfire suppression efforts were very limited prior to 1900 and efforts focused primarily on protecting homes, buildings, and towns, but not on putting out the fire itself. By the late 20th century fire suppression had become organized within a large centralized, coordinated and hierarchical system heavily dominated by the U.S. Forest Service. Crews had become specialized and highly mobile. The use of aircraft in transport and direct suppression with water and retardant had become routine.More recently, the Biscuit Fire in Oregon burned nearly a half a million acres in 2002. It began on July 13, and at its zenith on July 31 there were over 2,000 firefighting personnel, 21 helicopters and 40 bulldozers assigned to the fire. The fire was not completely suppressed until December and cost more than $150 million. The fire destroyed four homes and ten other structures, forced the evacuation of 15,000 people, and destroyed or damaged thousands of acres of valuable timber. No one was killed during the suppression effort.By contrast consider the Black Dragon Fire in 1987, which burned 18 million acres along the Amur River, which is the border between China and Russia. The fire started in China and burned 3 million acres there. The Chinese fielded over 60,000 unskilled fire fighters and hundreds died. The Russians did essentially nothing to suppress the fire, and it grew an additional 15 million acres. The disparate approaches resulted from a lack of cooperation between Russia and China and extreme differences in the relative value of timber in the two countries.Since 1999 there have been 134 fires of more than 100,000 acres in the United States. For the last 10 years, average annual federal suppression expenditures have been over $1 billion.Q: What does your project (with Jonathan Yoder) seek to add to the economics of wildfire policy?A: The main goal of our project is to gain an economic understanding of the organization of wildfire suppression. Fire suppression organization today seems complex, administratively cumbersome, and often inefficient. We want to understand the causes and consequences of the current system both theoretically and empirically. We want to understand the economic foundations that have driven how fire suppression institutions developed into those that we see today, and understand how they vary across environmental, demographic, and political jurisdictions. We will then have a better foundation for understanding where inefficiencies lie, and how suppression institutions might be improved.So, for example, we are examining the emergence of wildfire suppression among timber landowners in the northwestern and northeastern United States during the late 1800s. These private organizations pre-date the Forest Service fire crews, and this type of timberland owner association, to our knowledge, is pre-dated only by urban firefighting organizations. The federal government's involvement in fire suppression emerged with the accumulation of federal forest lands and even stimulated expansion of the national forest system.Q: What are some of the criticisms of modern wildfire institutions? Do the resource values justify the suppression costs?A: Many critical observers feel there is an excessive amount of suppression and too little fuel management or prescribed burning, especially on federal lands. There is also the concern that suppression costs may often outweigh benefits (damage reduction). We certainly know of specific cases in which suppression costs exceeded the resource value at risk. There is also a concern that suppression effectiveness is often low so that suppression expenditures have little payoff. At the same time there is strong political pressure to put out all fires so there has been a recent reversion back to the so-called "10am rule" in which fire crews and land managers are directed to put all effort into suppression even where suppression costs would be high relative to potential damages. The long-term effects of continued fire suppression are also likely to lead to fuel buildups that can result in larger, more devastating fires in the future.
by Paul SchwennesenPrometheus, mankind's great advocate and insubordinate pilferer of flame, must be perplexed by the goings-on in fire-riven Arizona. The towering columns of smoke have gone, but the forest conflagration has left behind half a million charred acres and more than a few smoldering resentments. Primary among these resentments is a question over management of public forest resources: who should decide how we avoid or at least mitigate such a calamity in the future? It is of course ironic; Marx claimed Prometheus as the figurehead of the communal mystique, and no asset is more communally owned than America's western forests. Not surprisingly, these forests are a prime example of the tragic consequences of collective ownership and central management.In addition to our famed cactus down south, Arizona harbors around seven billion cubic feet of live timber and the world's largest stand of ponderosa pine. The Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest lies on 2.63 million acres of this stand. Each year, solar energy and carbon are converted into nearly twenty-four million cubic feet of timber on national forest land. This resource is impressive and aesthetic, drawing sun-scorched tourists by the busload.It also draws "managers" by the score. Aldo Leopold embarked on his first Forest Service assignment here in 1909, just a few miles from Bear Wallow. Ever since, the forest has been managed in the public domain by well-educated and better-intentioned technocrats charged with maximizing the public good. Under a complicated rubric of "multi-use," the Forest Service attempts to harvest the sustainable yield of the resource (it is, after all, under the Department of Agriculture). Timber, livestock grazing, and hunting permits are just a few of the "extractive" uses they are charged with upholding. Habitat protection, endangered species management, and increasing recreational demands are a large and growing slice of the resource allocation pie.The extraordinarily difficult job of balancing these competing demands is precisely the sort of thing that bureaucracies are bad at handling. As Malcolm Gladwell notes, these kinds of complex problems are not puzzles (which more information and better education can help solve), but mysteries (in which more information and better education tends to confuse). In the late-1980s, for instance, timber harvesting off national forest land came to a nearly complete halt as a result of court injunctions precipitated in the Pacific Northwest. Litigation by environmentally conscious lobbying groups, specifically over concerns of habitat destruction for endangered species, made large-scale timber harvest a thing of the past. Grazing permits likewise encountered a dramatic decline for similar reasons. Combined with an aggressive thirty-year campaign of actively putting out all fires (is there any more iconic mascot than Smoky the Bear?), these actions led predictably to a dramatic increase in forest-density and ground cover.Forest density and ground cover is called "habitat" by the green contingent, "fuel-load" by their brown compatriots. And, of course, there is an element of truth in each view, often masking personal preferences and economic agendas. But the point is this: the kind of see-sawing policy shifts which encouraged dramatic, perhaps unsustainable, increases in extractive uses in the early 1980s was followed by dramatic, perhaps unconscionable, reductions in these uses a decade later. These market-insulated policy shifts were not based on good information (which markets are extraordinarily good at projecting), but on politics and the relative power of lobbying those in control. The short-term increases in forest habitat resulting from reduced extraction charged the pan for the tremendous blazes we have encountered in the past decade.This past May, one of the sun-scorched tourists started a blaze that subsequently burned more acreage than any other single event in state history. Two and a half billion board feet of timber are estimated to have gone up in a whiff of carbon and particulate pollution this summer. Five hundred nineteen thousand, three hundred and nineteen acres of prime habitat, prime camping, prime hunting, and prime timber disappeared in an ecological blink of an eye. Before us lie the smoking remnants of command-and-control planning gone predictably awry."Well," you say, "forests burn periodically, it's a natural and proper consequence of growth." If only it were that simple. Fire is indeed a natural ecological force, particularly in the brittle ecosystems of the semi-arid west. But size matters. Half-million acre infernos are almost certainly not typical of the "natural" order of things.
Holly Fretwell
After more than one thousand miles by jet, 40 minutes by float plane, one hour driving, a hike, and a row we arrive to our destination: a 12 x 14 foot cabin in remote Alaska on Prince of Wales Island. We had the lake nearly to ourselves.
Holly Fretwell
Forests are a valuable part of the global carbon cycle.


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So kernels that don't work with the stock ROM are just based on a newer revision of the kernel in CM's repo, and older revisions in there would boot CM11S just fine?
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Quality you can trust. Coca-Cola Bottling Company, Muncie, Indiana.
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Despite decreases in overall mortality from cardiac causes in the previous decade, sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains a significant public health problem in the United States and the developed world, accounting for up to 15% of overall mortality.1 Current risk stratification for SCD is inadequately sensitive and specific; the most useful clinical risk factors identified thus far are prior sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), the presence of CAD/myocardial infarction (MI), and left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35%).2, 3 The low sensitivity of current risk stratification criteria, in particular low ejection fraction, is highlighted by a community-based surveillance study of SCD which demonstrated that only 17% of SCD victims had undergone previous cardiac evaluation, and only a third of these would have met criteria for primary prevention with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation.4 Furthermore, these factors are nonspecific; primary prevention ICD trials have demonstrated low appropriate shock rates, thus the majority of even this high-risk group may not experience SCD.2, 5 Thus, the search is on for better risk stratification criteria.
Although substantial progress has been made in the past two decades on the genetic and molecular basis of the rare monogenic diseases predisposing to SCD, i.e. the primary electrical diseases (congenital long QT syndrome, Brugada, others) and structural cardiomyopathies (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, others), these diseases only contribute a small fraction of overall numbers of SCDs.6 The much more "common" form of SCD occurring in the community accounts for the majority of events, and is often related to coronary artery disease (CAD) and its sequelae. Evidence suggests that familial history of SCD is a risk factor for SCD, independent of risk for CAD or MI.8–10 Therefore, recent investigations have focused on finding genetic predictors for this complex, polygenic phenotype by employing association studies comparing the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes in SCD cases and controls.11
In this issue of Heart Rhythm, Sotoodehnia et al12 present findings from a candidate gene association study of 47 SNPs in 8 angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-related pathway genes in married sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) cases compared to healthy community controls. European-American SCA cases without recognized heart disease and controls from the Cardiac Arrest Blood Study (CABS) are utilized, which was originally designed to investigate the effects of dietary fatty acid on SCA/SCD. This investigation is a follow-up to the reported association by the same group on SCD risk with common β2AR SNPs.13 The authors here report association of SCA risk with one SNP in AGTR1, haplotype 2 of the AGTR2 gene, and one SNP in KNG1 in women but not men. Variation in the angiotensin receptors may affect downstream signaling and neurohormonal milieu and thus SCA risk. These results complement evidence that modulating ACE pathways influences risk of SCD, including clinical trial evidence for lower SCD risk in patients with diagnosed heart disease randomized to ACE inhibitors or spironolactone.14,15 Interestingly, the sex-specific association of genetic variation in KNG1 with SCA risk in these younger, pre-menopausal women (mean age of cases = 59) is consistent with experimental evidence of higher kininogen levels in response to estrogen.
Closer examination of this study and other genetic association studies of SCA/SCD reveals perhaps more questions than answers. The first critical issue is the case definition of SCA. At a glance, what could be a more definitive outcome than suddendeath? Recent consensus definitions for SCA and SCD were proposed by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/Heart Rhythm Society (ACC/AHA/HRS),16 and a common definition of SCD in clinical studies is that used by the World Health Organization: sudden unexpected death either within 1 hour of symptom onset (event witnessed), or within 24 h of having been observed alive and symptom free (unwitnessed).17 These definitions still result in variable interpretations, particularly when many events are adjudicated without definitive data such as rhythm strips or autopsies to rule out non-cardiac or non-arrhythmic causes of sudden death. Notably, the true magnitude of SCD burden in the population is unknown as estimates of its annual incidence in the U.S. vary 2.5-fold, depending on the definition used.1. 18–20
SCA cases in the present study did not have recognized heart disease and were presumed due to malignant cardiac arrhythmia exclusive of non-cardiac cause after comprehensive review of medical records, interviews, available autopsy reports, and death certificates. Although consistent with previous investigations, such a case definition may still result in significant potential for misclassification, particularly if none of the cases had prior documentation of cardiac disease. The authors acknowledge the heterogeneity of the outcome, which may "underestimate the true association." However, the proportion of cases with documented ventricular arrhythmias was not reported, and recent data demonstrate a decreasing proportion of SCDs with ventricular arrhythmias as the presenting rhythm.21 Thus, such heterogeneity may instead result in an underlying association with non-cardiac and/or non-arrhythmic sudden deaths. Indeed, examining the same β2AR SNPs in two independent studies using a more restrictive case definition requiring the documentation of malignant ventricular arrhythmias causing aborted SCD compared to control population with ischemic heart disease but no history of SCA, our group did not replicate the findings of an increasedrisk for SCD and instead found a trend towards an opposite effect of the β2AR SNPs.22
The selection of controls is also fundamentally important in association studies, since these define the background against which cases are compared. Healthy controls rather than those with known heart disease were chosen for comparison, and since SCA is a common initial manifestation of heart disease, the authors point out that these associations with ACE pathway SNPs may instead reflect an increased risk for heart disease or other intermediate phenotypes. These concerns are partially addressed by adjustment for hypertension or diabetes, which did not attenuate the results, but the possibility of a competing association with heart disease, rather than SCA, remains.
Modulating factors such as the influence of epigenetic and environmental effects on complex phenotypes should also not be overlooked, and may be difficult to address for a stochastic event such as SCA. However, an important factor in this case is treatment with medications affecting ACE pathways such as ACE-inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, which was not reported. The magnitude of effect of these agents on SCD risk in trials (OR ~0.70) is similar to the effect size seen for these SNPs.14,15 Since only 25% of SCA cases had hypertension, likely very few were on these medications, and possibly some of the clinical effect of these variants on SCA risk is attenuated by modulation of ACE signaling with these drugs.
The final issue is the potential for false positive associations, since many variants implicated in genetic association studies for common, complex phenotypes are not subsequently replicated.23 A priori probability for a functional effect of early stop codon or nonsynonymous, coding region SNPs is much stronger than for tag SNPs chosen for surveillance of a candidate gene pathway, especially when a search of databases indicates that few data exist for genetic, splicing, or transcriptional effects of these particular AGTR1, AGTR2, and KNG variants. Thus, the association with SCA risk may actuallybe with another SNP either within the gene in another gene in linkage disequilibrium (LD). Furthermore, although robust permutation methods can be used to address multiple testing, in the absence of data for a functional effect of a particular SNP allele or one in LD, the potential for false positive association is doubled since it is equally likely that the risk allele is actually the complementary allele. Importantly, the authors have pointed out that these results need to be replicated in an independent cohort.
These novel results represent the first genetic evidence for the influence of ACE pathway signaling in SCA and contribute to the accumulating evidence for genetic variants on SCA/SCD risk, but should be interpreted within the context of the case phenotype, controls, and particular studied SNPs. Much remains to be done to further evaluate the specific effects of these particular SNPs, whether they are affected by ACE pathway medications, and in other ethnicities and populations.
Financial Support: Grant support (KL2 RR024130) from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research.
Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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NASA Resorts to Washing Cars to Fund Space Exploration
It seems like everyone wants to get to space these days. Even NASA, who had their budget slashed, wants back up in the sky. So how do rocket scientists fund space exploration? Probably the same way you would. A bake sale and car wash.


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What is the latest on Dowling? He wasn't in the 22 for the Connacht match. Has he been dropped for Horgan??
What is the latest on Dowling? He wasn't in the 22 for the Connacht match. Has he been dropped for Horgan??
He left the pitch injured against Ospreys I think. Haven't heard anything about an injury though.

If you�re fat stay in the ruck - Liam Toland
He was in Newport last night with the cup. He looked fine and there was no mention of an injury.
A Kilkenny man parading around with a trophy in a Tipperary Pub?
Who would've believed it eh? Brilliant! [img]smileys/lol.gif[/img]
European Cup Champions! Even Brillianter!
What's more, a Kilkenny man that Cork people WANTED to win... it felt dirty and unnaturalOriginally Posted by Hakaman
Is minic a bhris b�al duine a shr�in
So is he injured or fit to start on Sunday
Dont need reason, dont need rhyme,
Aint nothin I would rather do,
Goin down, party time,
My friends are gonna be there too
I'm on a Highway to Hell ...
From the Deadsite - seems like he is out of favour

Familiar Feel To Munster Side?

5 December 2006, 6:41 pm

By Gerry Murray

Its unlikely that Munster coach Declan Kidney will require a very long consultation with his fellow coaches before deciding on his side to start against Cardiff Blues next Sunday. Kidney is expected to name his squad after training in Cork today but the match day 22 that will be announced on Friday will be along familiar lines.

After the weekend victory over Connacht, four players David Wallace, Federico Pucciariello, Barry Murphy and John Kelly all picked up knocks but if they are named in the extended squad today then chances are they will be available for selection.
If that is the case then up front the back five of O�Connell, O�Callaghan, Quinlan, Wallace and Leamy pencil themselves in straight away as do John Hayes and Frank Sheahan. The only possible quandary in that area being whether the number one jersey will be given to the rookie Daragh Hurley or the more experienced Federico Pucciarello.
No prizes for guessing the halves or inside centre and if fit, then Barry Murphy will edge out Lifeimi Mafi for the outside centre berth.
John Kelly was having slight hamstring bother after Sunday�s game but if that has cleared up then the Mister Reliable of the side will slot into one wing position with Anthony Horgan likely to see off Ian Dowling or Mafi for the other one.
Shaun Payne was rested last weekend and that afforded Christian Cullen the opportunity to return to action. And he did to good effect, scoring a try in the process but Payne is in the form of his life and it�s hard to see him being omitted.
Hurley or Pucciariello on the bench along with Andy Kyriacou, Chris Wyatt and Tim McGann ? Jeremy Manning and Tomas O�Leary should be the back-up halves with the final slot on the bench going to one from the trio of Dowling, Mafi and Cullen.
</T>

I tend to agree. Hoggy is 1st choice, and Kelly is playing well.
We are still missing real searing pace out wide.
I would have Skinny ahead of Hoggy any day. He proved last year that he deserved his place on the team. IMO he is a better all round player than Horgan
Would have Dowling way ahead of Hoggy.
It is useless to attempt to reason a man out of a thing he was never reasoned into.
Every plan I have is the best plan in the room. Everybody get quiet and listen to it, and everybody will win
Other than Dowling's "hit 'n spin" routine,I doubt he'squicker than Hoggie. Hoggie takes lines through the centres also, Dowling not so much. Both have adequet defences.
Hoggie really rose in to the challenge in the SF vs Leinster. He's playing great at the mo.
Dowling will be good for us in the future but I believe that he hasn't recovered his 2005 form.
Hoggie for Sunday...
Similar players really-they`re both abrasive tough and lack searing pace,not alot in it imo. Anyone reckon Mafi could play on the wing. Have seen very little of him but he looks quick?
Dowling has superior skills, and Hoggy is past his best. Hoggy makes too many errors- he is awfully prone to losing the ball in contact. Dowling showed against Cueto last year dat his style of play can be very effective. IMO we shud play Skinny as Horgan can be exposed more by the opposition
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It would be a worry if Dowling was being kept out by Horgan - we need guys like Ian to come through and stay there.
But great credit to Hoggie. Played great on Sunday with a break that was as good or better than Halstead's.
I have great admiration for Horgan, I think he was the Irish sacrificial lamb against the ABs.
I'll never forget his timing for O'Garas pass in the Celtic League Final (or Celtic Cup) against Scarlets in Lansdowne Rd the season before last. I was on the 22 on the ET and you could see O'Gara was about to pass out to the wing, Horgan came on it like a train and slightly cut in from the touchline to touchdown for a try, it was great to be so close, I suppose we'll lose that nowwith the new developed LR.
I wouldn't knock Dowling and feel sorry for him if he is losing his place but isn't that what squads are all about, being there when needed. Would it be worse for him if it was an injury that was keeping him out.
Have seen very little of the spinning out of the tackles this season. I wonder has someone told him to stop it or is there another reason he's not doing it ?Originally Posted by CarrigMan
Nah he was awful that day. He was also very unfit looking, and he lost his confidence as a result.Originally Posted by Paddy Whac
To his credit he worked very hard since, and rediscovered his pace, power, accelration, fitness, and confidence.
The semi last season was his real return to form. he didn't make 1 error and went on to have a good game in the final too.
Originally Posted by Paddy Whac
You could be describing a similar try against Stade Francais in Paris in a HEC Qtr a few years back.
Originally Posted by Dermot G
I think the full team were awful that day, my point was in dropping him didn't turn the form of the team around, if my recollection is right a poor Autrailain Team beat the following week.
Full marks to Horgan for his SF display, a great game for everyone in Red.
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The really admirable thing about Horgan is that he has come back. Remember that he watched the Perpignan quarter final from the stand (at least for a while he did - he said in an interview that he couldn't bear to watch it and left to see most of in a bookies or something).
He got his chance in the semi, and for the next two games was terrific. Fair play to him.
Just watchin the DvD of the final actually reminded me of how well Hoggie came back to form. For the last 5 minutes when the pressure was on he was superb.
lots of parts of the video and the alan english book really were touching.
horgans story was touching, but for mein particular Hendo's emotions when he got a standing ovation in lansdowne really hit me


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One of Athens' most celebrated artists for more than two decades, Mary Porter is best known for her vibrant, vibrating interior scenes of domestic chaos - Erma Bombeck's world reimagined via Vincent Van Gogh's painterly techniques. Porter has a knack for finding inspiration in the mundane imperfections of everyday drudgery - a sink overflowing with dirty dishes, a toy-strewn living room, a breakfast table set with mismatched crockery - and elevating them to moments of celebration.
In recent years, Porter has found a new muse in the outdoors.
"I guess there's just no inspiration left in my home, however in nature there are just a lot of ideas," the artist says. Her current exhibit of large-scale landscape paintings at White Tiger Gourmet features familiar streetscapes from around her historic Boulevard neighborhood as well as bucolic wooded scenes from Athens' outskirts.
The new paintings flirt with abstraction and her palette has grown even more vivid - wiggly trees rendered in violet hues cast teal-blue shadows on fiery golden ground, edges soften together, forms blur into the background. Porter has had an obsession with painting porches as of late. The inviting front porches and overgrown gardens of the quaint mill cottages, shotgun shacks and Victorian bungalows in the Boulevard neighborhood frequently star in recent paintings - perhaps evidence of a transition from interior to exterior inspiration.
Pathways also are a prevailing theme throughout this collection.
"I like the paintings to be a nice place where people feel they can go into," says the artist. Whether it be an uneven sidewalk along a Boulevard side street or the green-carpeted fairway of a local golf course, the omnipresent pathway simply may be a factual record of the scene ("I've always liked to walk," Porter says). It also may be read as a metaphor for a new chapter in the artist's life.
With a newly retired husband at home and both children nearly grown - one heading off to college come fall and another learning to drive - Porter finds herself with more time and energy for painting.
"I'm able to get up in the morning and go right into the studio. ... I don't lose the impetus as much," she says attributing the larger scale and looser style to her freer schedule.
As for the about-face in subject matter, Porter doesn't see much difference between her interior and exterior scenes.
"Nature is chaos," she says. "I like getting caught in the way things are flowing at the moment," she says. And she doesn't delve too deeply into the symbolic connotations of her recent work. "Every stage of an artist's life becomes a different stage. ... I'll probably get to the point where I've done everyone's porch and I'll move on to something else."
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Monkey Bars Camping Gear Rack
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Credit Advice
Have a question? Have advice to share? The combined knowledge and experience of everyone in the Credit Karma community can help you. Enter your question or help others below to get started!
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I bought a house last year and there were several hard inquiries. I was told (and I believe it to be true), that this will not hurt you for the following reasons.
Keep in mind the FICO numbers are just that, numbers. The real credit worthiness is what a lender decides, not FICO. I was told that even if they show multiple inquiries, that when they show up in a relatively short time frame, all from mortgage companies, it is obvious to them that you were loan shopping for a mortgage and isnt held against you. The reason for tracking the inquires is to warn potential lenders that you may be trying to amass a large amount of cc credit in short order, and that understandably will make them nervous.
I understand none of this helps you if all you care about is the FICO number, but from a credit worthiness position it shouldnt hurt.
It is my understanding that lenders take the FICO numbers and then run thier own credit formula based on what is on your report. Based on the type of credit you are trying to get: CC, auto, home, etc.. what may be very important to one lender may not be very important to another.
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Celebrate the full moon each month with a night hike guided by lunar light, topped off with local brews! We'll be hiking some of Rocky Woods most beautiful trails and wrapping up at Chickering Cabin for brews, bites, and a blazing fire. Each month will feature samples of local beers paired with perfect post-hike snacks and a social session in our toasty visitor's center with your fellow trekkers. 21+ and registration required.
Q: Can I bring my dog?
A: Of course! Your furry friend is welcome on our hike as long as they are on leash. Unfortunately, we do not allow dogs inside the cabin but pups are welcome to hang out just outside the cabin by the fire or in the field.
Q: How long is the hike?
A: Anywhere from 30-45 minutes depending on our group's size, ability, and whatever adventure our rangers have in store!
Q: Hiking and beer drinking sounds pretty exhausting, can I just crash with you guys?
A: We thought you'd never ask. Weather permitting, we'll be opening up our campsites for post-hike accommodations. Sign up online to reserve your spot!


text: My clinic partners and I were having a discussion about doubles. It seems that each of us feels that we should win more, bottom line. We were talking about why we don't. One lady said that one of her partners started off the match by saying, "All right. Let's play this match with a goal of having no unforced errors at all. Period. No excuses. If we don't make unforced errors, we'll win." And they did in fact win that match. So this lady was saying that would be her new mantra: "No Unforced Errors Ever." I have been mulling that idea ever since, and I am not sure I am on board. I mean, I think there are Bad Errors and Good Errors. A Bad Error is when you just dork up a shot you shouldn't miss. A rally ball. An approach volley. A second serve return (or any return against a crap serve). You weren't going to win the point or pressure your opponent with that shot, so the most important thing is to make the shot. But there are Good Errors, also. A Good Error is a shot that, had you executed it, would have won you the point. A Good Error is also a miss that yields benefits by getting into your opponents' heads or causing them to change what they are doing. A missed poach. A return at the net player. An aggressive return because the opposing net player is poaching so you need to make her back off. I feel like if I play conservatively enough to never make an error, I will play too conservatively to win the match. I won't be aggressive because the risk of making an error is too high. And I think I will do a lot of pushing. What do you think? Is "No Unforced Errors Ever" a workable or successful approach to doubles?


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We're cutting to the chase. No flowery intro needed to delve into a topic we know you've awaiting all week long: the number of mushroom heads that will appear on this weekend's political talk shows. As usual, MSNBC's Chris Matthews wins the consistency award for having two females on his panel.
CBS's "Face the Nation": 0
The interview will be with GOP presidential front runner Herman Cain.
(Fittingly for this roundup, Slate and CBS's John Dickerson will provide analysis.)
ABC's "This Week": 1
Former Maj. Leader Dick Armey (R-Texas), George Will, WaPo and ABC News, Cokie Roberts, ABC News, Austan Goolsbee, former Chairman, Obama Council of Economic Advisers.
NBC's "The Chris Matthews Show": 2
Bob Woodward, WaPo
Andrea Mitchell, NBC News
John Heilemann, New York Magazine
Katty Kay, BBC
FNC's "Fox News Sunday": 2 Proudly blacklisted by Fox News PR since June 2010. We'll bring this to you as soon as hell freezes over or sooner as the case may be. In any case, they usually permit one female on their panel, typically NPR's Mara Liasson. UPDATE: Indeed, Liasson is on the panel, as is former White House Press Sec. Dana Perino, Brit Hume and Juan Williams. (h/t Mike Allen's Politico Playbook)
CNN's "Reliable Sources": 2
Jennifer Rubin, columnist, WaPo, Roger Simon, chief political columnist, Politico, John Aravosis, liberal political blogger, AMERICAblog.com, Glynnis MacNichol, editor of Business Insider's media page "The Wire", Paul Farhi, media reporter for WaPo, Jeff Jarvis, author, "Public Parts"; founder, BuzzMachine.com
WETA's "Washington Week" with Gwen Ifill and National Journal: 3
Jackie Calmes, NYT
Janet Hook, WSJ
John Dickerson, Slate, CBS News and John Harwood, CNBC and NYT


text:
08 Patriot stock tires and rims
Just picked up my Patriot--with stock wheels--16x6.5--would have gladly paid $590 for tire and wheel package to upgrade to 17 inch tires and rims--dealer wouldnt discuss it because car was on lot. Anyone interested in selling their 17 wheels or suggestions ?
You might want to consider painting them black. Many more options with the 16's.
finally i swaped out the 205 s with 215/70/16 s..
yoko. geolanders..i had them on my cherokee and
they also handled much better in snow..
they also look alot nicer than the goodyears that
were on the Pat.
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Naytura Haus – A most unique and extraordinary vacation experience for nature lovers and equine lovers alike! Our goal at Naytura Haus is to provide a private, relaxing retreat from the busy, modern world we all live in. And even though the Old World charm of Naytura Haus encourages you to slow the pace down, it still allows you to keep in touch, if one must, with the "other world" by offering Wi-Fi, cable television, Blu-Ray movies and free long distance telephone for work and entertainment.
Meander along the magnificent twenty-six mile beach on foot or on horseback, hike the quiet woods and dunes, attempt to count the diverse bird species, or just nestle by the fire in the charming cabin… pause and breathe. Whether you come alone, with friends, or with family or horses, allow Naytura Haus's sacred space to nurture and refresh your spirit!
"This August my husband, two dogs, and two horses spent almost a week enjoying a piece of heaven at Naytura Haus in Long Beach, Washington. A beautiful house, barn and round pen plus privacy set on the ocean which gave us full access to all the beach has to offer. We stepped out the door and were engulfed with the scent of the ocean and spent many hours enjoying the property's amenities (walk the trail to the ocean and just explore). We found the relaxed attitude that is needed for a vacation. It was a gift to have the time to play with our horses and spend hours just taking it all in. We were so excited that we already booked our trip for 2012-can't wait!"
~ Lauren and Mark
"I recently had the pleasure of staying at Naytura Haus with a couple of girlfriends and our horses. Naytura Haus is a piece of Heaven on Earth. The cabin is lovely and comfortable with all the amenities you would need to stay a weekend or a month. The barn is very convenient for your horses and the view from the porch is spectacular. I love Naytura Haus and plan to spend many more vacations with friends and horses."
~ Jeanie
"There's nothing like opening the windows and filling the cabin with the sound of the ocean, so relaxing. We spent hours on those big reading porches enjoying the warm breeze. The easy horse trailer access and clean skylighted barn were so appreciated. What a great place to ride, relax and enjoy friends!"
~ Monique


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The global warming policy debate is increasing the calls for reduction of carbon-dioxide and other greenhouse-gas emissions. In the wake of the recent hike of oil prices, Congress is scrambling to develop an energy policy that addresses emissions while avoiding yet higher energy costs.[1] Although emissions reductions and stable energy prices are not necessarily mutually exclusive, the proposal to allow the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to broadly regulate emissions under the Clean Air Act will impose higher costs on U.S. industries, thus leading to slower economic growth and lower employment.
This paper estimates that owners of shares in the sampled industries over the forecast horizon experience:
- Lower average return on equity (e.g., the chemical
industry loses an average of two to four percentage points per
year on equity returns; the steel industry loses an average of 19
percentage points per year);
- Greater volatility in the rate of those returns (e.g., in the metal industry the standard deviation of the returns in the baseline case is plus or minus 0.7 point, while in the regulated cases the standard deviation is plus or minus 6 points).
At a time when other emerging economies are rapidly expanding and putting competitive pressure on the United States' niche of lucrative investment opportunities, command-and-control policies will further erode these investments. Everyone, investors and non-investors alike, is affected. Lower investments in U.S. companies will lead to even less economic growth and fewer jobs, creating a vicious spiral and making it that much more difficult to invest in energy-efficient technology for the future.
The Economic Chain Reaction
The EPA's ability to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from non-stationary and stationary sources of emissions introduces two constraints into the economy. The first constraint is a higher level of uncertainty. The second is higher administrative and other non-productive costs. These constraints change business calculations, leading to a downward economic spiral.
Uncertainty concerning possible EPA rulings when companies are deciding whether or not to invest in new technology discounts the return on an investment more heavily. This makes it more difficult for a project to meet the required rate of return. This means less investment will be made, which decreases industry productivity and growth. Lower productivity weakens an industry's competitiveness and gives opportunities for global competitors to make their products at a lower cost. Erosion in market share by global competitors leads to an even lower return on equity, thereby diminishing sources of financing for future investments and raising the cost of capital. The weakened competitive position puts strain on employment. As demand for a U.S. industry's product decreases, the need for employees to make the products decreases as well, resulting in layoffs and job losses to overseas competitors.
It is not the emissions reductions per se that are the cause of harm to stockholder equity. Energy efficiency is an outstanding goal. In fact, firms are finding ways to adjust their energy use in ways that make good business sense. The contemplated regulations, though, are dampening the current demand for investments because firms are unsure about how regulations will affect that investment. The increased risk that a capital purchase will not meet future regulations lowers the expected rate of return. This makes it difficult for the project to exceed the threshold required rate of return[2] on the investment and delays investments that could be making incremental steps toward overall goals of energy efficiency.
The problem with mandates is that they are unresponsive to technological realities and unforeseen future conditions. Markets balance expected benefits with expected costs. Since expected costs do not exceed expected benefits, markets are a particularly efficient (not wasteful) way of allocating resources.[3] Because mandated "efficiencies" are not based on expected costs versus benefits, they often do more economic harm than good.[4]
Simulating Mandates
Analysts at The Heritage Foundation's Center for Data Analysis used simulated forecasts of production indexes in a representative sample of industries to create estimated rates of return for those industries. These returns on equity were calculated under the baseline forecast and CO2 policy forecast contained in the recently rejected Lieberman-Warner legislation.[5] The EPA's proposed regulations include a broad range of options, one of which is a carbon-credit trading program similar to the one Lieberman-Warner would have enacted.
The baseline assumptions for legislation such as the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA)[6] and state and local renewable mandates, Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE)[7] standards, and appliance efficiency standards are also all the same as those in Lieberman-Warner. However, the EPA's ability to regulate greenhouse gas emissions under the Clean Air Act gives it sweeping powers to regulate both non-stationary and stationary sources of emissions. Therefore, the estimates in this paper can be seen as a lower bound, or minimum, on the enormous economic costs of the EPA's expanded authority.
The Lieberman-Warner study was conducted by William Beach, Ben Lieberman, David Kreutzer, and Nicolas Loris at The Heritage Foundation. Using the Global Insight long-term macroeconomic model, they studied the effects of a 70 percent mandated reduction in atmospheric carbon content on the U.S. economy.[8] The Global Insight model produces forecasts for more than one hundred industries classified under the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).[9] This paper studies the implication of those industry-simulation results.
The simulation takes into account the current technology and its likely trajectory based on discussions with energy industry experts. For instance, carbon sequestration techniques are one possible way to meet the requirements, but this technology is not yet available.[10]
The returns also show that industries are affected unevenly. Some industries, such as textiles and food, have relatively inelastic demand and relatively less-regulated emissions and do not experience as high a level of diminished operations due to rising costs.[11] Other industries, such as machinery and paper, which are more sensitive to price pressure and require more emissions to operate, will be greatly affected. Thus, the policy results in tilting the playing field and by doing so inadvertently picks industry winners and losers. (See Table 1.)
Graphs of the eight representative industries are shown in Charts 1a and 1b.
Effect on Retirement Savings, Workers, and Household Wealth
Many of the equity investors in these industries are mutual funds and pension funds that provide retirement savings for individuals. Managers of these funds seek targeted rates of return in the portfolios they manage for individuals. These managers will not only experience a difficult time hitting these targeted returns, but will also be challenged to find ways to diversify the increased risk driven by the uncertainty of these returns. Individuals who rely on a certain amount of income in retirement are especially sensitive. Table 2 shows what these lower returns and greater variance mean for a $1,000,000 investment in an industry at the beginning of 2009. The columns show how much this investment would be worth in 2025 if the EPA regulations go into effect as compared to the investment's value under the baseline. The present value of these dollar losses are in the right column.[12] The decreased wealth in individuals' retirement funds, as seen in the losses on a $1,000,000 investment, means a lower standard of living in retirement years, longer working years, or both.
Employees are directly and indirectly affected as well. Decisions regarding investments in new capital and technology are based on the cost of capital. The increased uncertainty of returns due to higher volatility increases the industry risk premium. This raises the cost of capital and decreases the number of investments. These investments would have allowed companies to grow, creating more jobs and higher wages. The higher cost of capital also puts upward pressure on the borrowing costs of all individuals (those seeking mortgages, loans to start a small business, etc.).
Lower industry returns also make equity investment less attractive relative to bonds. This may skew financing toward debt financing, creating more leveraged industries. Leverage can be a powerful tool but, as seen recently in the financial industry, pushing past prudent debt-to-equity ratios can severely constrain business operations during a credit crunch. Furthermore, using debt instead of equity financing concentrates industry profits in the hands of fewer owners, which can lead to greater income disparities in the economy. The equity financing of capitalist systems allows a broad group of ordinary individuals to gain ownership in and reap the profit rewards corporations generate. Diminishing the incentive to invest in equity decreases the number of average citizens taking part in corporate profits and limits a powerful method for households to increase their wealth.
The new regulations proposed by the EPA will cause major disruptions in the productivity of U.S. industries. These will translate into lower returns on equity and create more volatility in the growth rates of those returns. This can be seen in the greater fluctuations in the returns under the EPA regulation scenario versus the baseline scenario in the graphs above. This is not surprising considering that regulations add increased uncertainty to the production environment. For owners and CEOs of corporations, increased uncertainty on the return on equity makes it difficult to plan for future investment projects. As explained above, uncertain returns can lead to caution and conservative investments in order to preserve capital. Lower investments further weaken growth and the competitiveness of U.S. industries. This has far-reaching consequences not only for industry employees and owners, but also for millions of small investors through mutual funds, pension funds, and other savings vehicles.
Instead of imposing mandates, government should recognize the new technologies that are evolving and avoid restrictive regulation rhetoric that increases uncertainty in the economy and delays investments. Instead of focusing on reduction "targets," the focus needs to be on technology and U.S. productivity. Profit-seeking firms are lowering the energy use/CO2 emissions per dollar of gross domestic product (GDP)-not because there is a mandate, but because of market competition. Between 2005 and 2006, CO2 emissions decreased by 1.3 percent, while the U.S. economy grew at 3.3 percent. Only 0.9 percent of the decrease was due to a decrease in overall energy use during this time, which indicates that the U.S. economy is becoming less carbon-intensive even without more regulation.[13] Undermining industry returns reduces the ability of U.S. businesses to switch to more efficient technologies, practices, and products. Indeed, more and more firms are searching for ways to bring new products and energy-efficient products to U.S. households. This commitment by businesses is already demonstrated by the large marketing expenses that companies are incurring to promote their new ideas to aid in the solutions for the United States' energy and environmental needs. Consumers are already voting for the ideas they think will work with their everyday economic choices.
The United States can be a productivity powerhouse and reduce its carbon footprint at the same time. These are not mutually exclusive goals. Increasing regulatory burdens and command-and-control approaches, however, are not the way to achieve those goals.
Karen A. Campbell, Ph.D., is a Policy Analyst in Macroeconomics in the Center for Data Analysis at The Heritage Foundation.
Appendix Data and Method
Center for Data Analysis (CDA) analysts obtained historical seasonally unadjusted return on equity data for 16 industries from Haver Analytics.[14] The analysts obtained the historical seasonally unadjusted industry production indices from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. The data run from the fourth quarter of 1980 to the first quarter of 2008.
Return on equity is a financial ratio of a firm's net income to its total equity (or sometimes average equity). Net income is a firm's revenue minus its costs. An industry's return on equity can be affected by changes in an industry's profits or changes in an industry's total equity position, such as assets minus liabilities. The profits of an industry should, in theory, be linked to the production of goods or services the industry provides. Current production indices for an industry would, therefore, help to explain an industry's return on equity. Moreover, changes in past production indices carry information regarding the profitability of producing the goods and services, for example, changes in the market price of the goods or changes in production costs. Likewise, past changes in return on equity indices carry information about changes in an industry's equity position.
There should be both a short-run and long-run link between an industry's fundamental operations and its financial performance. An econometric model using the autoregressive distributed lags as explanatory variables is used to estimate this linkage. When these models are written in their error-correction model form, they capture the dynamic links between two or more time series data sets. These models have two parts: the short-run movements due to changes in the variables, and the long-run part that measures the underlying long-run relationship between the levels of the two variables.
Because industry codes changed from the SIC classification to the NAICS classification around 2001, industries were chosen based on two criteria. The first was whether or not they were part of the Global Insight model (and, therefore, part of the simulation), and the second was how little the industry composition changed between the two classification systems. The Federal Reserve Bank data had the combined SIC and NAIC industry production index for each industry data series. The return on equity series were in their SIC classifications from the fourth quarter of 1980 to the third quarter of 2001, and the NAICS classification from the fourth quarter of 2000 through the first quarter of 2008. Heritage analysts combined each industry return on equity series using the geometric spline technique.[15] This method uses the information in the overlap years to adjust the two series to one continuous series.
Once this is completed, the data series are tested for stationarity. All returns on equity series are stationary. The production index series is largely trend stationary and first difference (I(1)) stationary.[16]
Because changes in industry composition and classification over the historical period may have severed a meaningful relationship between the return on equity index and the production index, a Granger-causality test was performed on the two series for each industry. This is a test of whether one time series has information that is useful for predicting another times series.[17] In other words, whether one series can help predict another series in either a uni-directional way or bi-directional feedback, or whether there is no predictive relationship between the two series. In brief, the test uses the F-statistic, posits a vector autoregressive structure, and tests whether eliminating the explanatory variables can be accomplished leaving only an ARIMA-type model. The two models are compared to see if the one including the explanatory model is significantly better estimating the dependent variable.
Based on this test, six industries were eliminated from the sample due to the production index including no predicative ability.[18] Two other industries, the vehicle parts and transportation industries, had structural breaks in the trend and the level in their return on equity series. Although there are econometric methods for handling historical structural breaks, finding a consistent estimated relationship with which to forecast a future return on equity series from a future production series is not robust enough to change assumptions regarding those breaks. For this reason, these two series were dropped from the sample.
The relationship between the historical time-series for the remaining eight representative industries' return on equity and production index series was estimated accordingly using the following ECM:[19]
Provided that there is only one cointegrating relationship, the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimate outperforms the Johanssen method.[20] The adjustment parameter of the cointegrating relationship is not expressly modeled. Instead, it is combined in the parameter estimates of the levels of the variables. Peter Kennedy explains, "mixing levels and differences in the regression is acceptable because the cointegrated variables automatically combine during estimation to resolve the dilemma of mixed order of integration."[21]
The purpose of the estimation is to capture the dynamic relationship of the two series and use this relationship to predict the effects of the proposed EPA regulations on industry performance. The historical relationship was estimated using the above econometric model with STATA/SE 10.1 for Windows. The estimates were then applied to the baseline production indexes and the EPA-regulated production indexes that had been simulated using the Global Insight long-term macroeconomic model of the U.S. economy. The specific number of lags of the dependent variable was selected as the minimum needed to remove serial autocorrelation in the residuals. This was determined by a Breusch-Godfrey test of the residuals from an OLS regression.[22]
The model fit is determined in two ways: econometrically and theoretically. First, econometrically, the model is chosen to minimize the sum of squared residuals. Second, a check is performed on the predicted average ratio of return on equity to its production index. If there is a long-term relationship between the two series, then the ratio of average return on equity to its average production index should be fairly stable. Thus, the historical average return on equity to historical average production index is compared to the model's predicted average ratio in the baseline scenario.[23] These results are shown in the Appendix Table 1.
The coefficient estimates and the forecasted series for the industries are available upon request.
[1] The current decline in the petroleum prices reflects the declines in demand caused by slowing economic activity. Oil prices likely will rise again when economic growth picks up.
[2] Businesses often evaluate investment projects based on an internal desired rate of return. This is called the required rate of return. If an investment's expected return on equity does not exceed this required rate the project is not undertaken.
[3] Market efficiency equates marginal benefits with marginal costs. If a policy, not the market, determines the level of energy efficiency, the policy is most likely pushing a target for which the additional costs exceed the additional benefits; otherwise the target would not be needed. This is why these policies are usually accompanied by subsidy "carrots." Also note: These are expected costs and benefits based on currently available information. If, after new information becomes available, it is found that costs do outweigh benefits, the markets must make a correction. This does not negate the initial efficiency of the decision.
[4] Even if mandates are made based on "market research" by the regulator, the time from market research to a new targeted mandate cannot respond rapidly enough to quickly changing market conditions.
[5] This refers to S. 2191, commonly known as Lieberman-Warner after the two key sponsors of the legislation, Senators Joseph Lieberman (I-CT) and John Warner (R-VA). S. 2191 would have placed strict upper limits on the emission of six greenhouse gases (GHGs) focused primarily on carbon dioxide (CO2). Emitters would be required to purchase federally created permits (allowances) for each ton emitted, effectively capping emissions at a government targeted level.
[6] EISA was signed into law on December 19,
2007, and takes effect on January 1, 2009. Among other targets,
EISA requires that the Renewable Fuel Standards, which calls for
minimum production levels of renewable fuels, increase nine-fold by
2022 and automobile fuel economy standards increase significantly
by 2020. More information is available at http://www.thompsonhine.com/publications/pdf/
2008/01/energyupdateenergy1326.pdf (November 3, 2008).
[7] The CAFE standard, which was established in response to the energy crisis of the 1970s, sets the fuel economy standards mainly for the auto industry. See also Robert Bamberger, "Automobile and Light Truck Fuel Economy: The CAFE Standards," Congressional Research Service, September 25, 2002, at http://www.policyalmanac.org/environment/archive/crs_cafe_standards.shtml (October 17, 2008).
[8] William W. Beach, David W. Kreutzer, Ben Lieberman, and Nicolas Loris, "The Economic Costs of the Lieberman-Warner Climate Change Legislation," Heritage Foundation Center for Data Analysis Report No. 08-02, May 12, 2008, at http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/cda08-02.cfm.
[9] The SIC and NAICS classification system is defined by the Census Bureau as follows: "The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS, pronounced Nakes) was developed as the standard for use by Federal statistical agencies in classifying business establishments for the collection, analysis, and publication of statistical data related to the business economy of the U.S. NAICS was developed under the auspices of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and adopted in 1997 to replace the old Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. It was also developed in cooperation with the statistical agencies of Canada and Mexico to establish a 3-country standard that allows for a high level of comparability in business statistics among the three countries. NAICS is the first economic classification system to be constructed based on a single economic concept." Further details and explanations are available at http://www.census.gov/epcd/www/drnaics.htm#q1 (October 31, 2008).
[10] For a full discussion of the simulation and assumptions, see David W. Kreutzer, and Karen A. Campbell, "CO2-Emission Cuts: The Economic Costs of the EPA's ANPR Regulations," Heritage Foundation Center for Data Analysis Report No. 08-10, October 29, 2008, at http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/cda08-10.cfm.
[11] This is the industry as a whole. Individual companies within these industries often face much higher elasticities of demand. The mandates will cause the competitive landscape to change. Instead of firms being competitive on cost and quality, firms will need to compete on emissions. This will likely cause some previously economically viable companies to go out of business and result in higher consumer prices for these staple goods.
[12] Present value is the value today of a future cash stream or future lump-sum payment. If the cash stream were available today, the money could be invested and earn interest. Therefore, not having it today represents an opportunity cost in the amount of the interest that could have been earned. A present value calculation discounts the stream of cash or lump-sum future payment by the interest rate that could have been earned.
[13] Margo Thorning, "The Impact of America's Climate Security Act of 2007 (S. 2191) on the U.S. Economy and on Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions," testimony before the Committee on Environmental and Public Works, U.S. Senate, November 8, 2007, at /static/reportimages/A3A9B9B4A404E1DDDE6F79DA27BAFB46.pdf (October 31, 2008).
[14] Haver Analytics is a database and software company that maintains over 150 economic and financial databases. Data available upon request and Haver's approval of release of its proprietary data.
[15] Robert J. Hill and Kevin J. Fox, "Splicing Index Numbers," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Vol. 15, No. 3 (July 1997), pp. 387-389. These authors show that this technique is more consistent than using the arithmetic mean. This paper also contains the algorithm and an example of the technique.
[16] A true co-integration analysis is based on the non-stationarity of two or more series. Since both series here are already stationary, the test for co-integration (that relies on finding a stationary relationship) is moot. The investigation here uses the error-correction representation shared with co-integration analysis to represent the a priori long-run relationship (due to the accounting identity) rather than using co-integration analysis to investigate whether there is a long-run relationship.
[17] Note: This test does not necessarily imply true causality in the sense that one is an independent variable that can be manipulated to change the dependent variable. For example, there could be a third factor that is driving both series.
[18] One industry, fabricated metal, was found to have bi-directional feedback between the two series. That is, industry return on equity helps predict the industry production index as much as the industry production index helps predict industry return on equity. This merits further investigation because, theoretically, at the industry level, changes in return on equity could indicate that there are changes in industry conditions that would cause future production levels to change. However, because this exercise already estimated the future path of production indexes through simulation, this industry was eliminated from this study.
[19] This is the simplest form taken. Some industries included more lags. The amount of lags selected was the minimum amount necessary such that the residuals of the regression were white noise. For some industries, lags were skipped and others included based on the robust t-statistic for the coefficient.
[20] Peter Kennedy, A Guide to Econometrics (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2003), pp. 337.
[21] Ibid.
[22] The model was also estimated using the Prais-Winston approach that takes into account autocorrelation. The results were not significantly different.
[23] In most cases, the model's prediction is within 1 to 2 percent of its historical ratio. In the textile and steel industry there is a greater than 5 percent difference. This is because there were large and volatile swings in the historical data that dampened the ratio while the Global Insight baseline production index predicts relatively smooth growth.


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A courageous canine's inspirational fight to stay alive earned him a new name – and now he's looking for a new home to go with it.
The 12-month-old German Shepherd was dubbed Fergus by rescue workers, as it translates to 'man of strength', a world away from the poor, malnourished pooch presented to Derbyshire Dog Re-homing just a week ago.
He was found in a malnourished state, shivering and covered in open sores roaming the streets of Chesterfield one month after Christmas.
If dog wardens had not found him, he'd have been dead within a week.
Jenny Mark, from Derbyshire Dog Re-homing, said: "It's not unusual for us to see an increase in the number of stray dogs a month or so after Christmas, but in the past they have mostly been younger dogs.
"But lately, we're finding most of the dogs that come to us have been really neglected.
"Fergus was brought to us starving to death, suffering from a severe case of mange and too weak to stand."
Staff at the centre have been pouring tender love and care on Fergus and it is hoped that with a clean bill of health he will be able to find a new home.
The plea comes following the 'overwhelming' response from an appeal to re-home Gizmo, a stray who handed himself in to the Chesterfield sanctuary. He has since been found a new home with a family on a farm.
n Call 01246 456 781 for details on dog re-homing.


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Moreau, Abbé Félix. Pupil of his father ... Dupré ... André Fleury and Maurice Duruflé.
Organist of the Nantes Seminary ...
Professor of organ at the Centre de Musique Sacrée ...
b ...
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Marcel Dupré Marcel Courtonne Maurice Duruflé
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Barclays in the front line as Cable resumes war on pay
Vince Cable has warned Britain's leading companies — particularly Barclays Bank — to rein in big pay deals or face further government interference.
As the corporate world's annual meeting season begins with what is likely to be a fiery affair at Barclays tomorrow, the business secretary has written to all FTSE 100 remuneration committee chairmen reminding them to "act responsibly" and "exercise proper discipline" in setting boardroom pay.
Dr Cable says that bringing in greater transparency and justification to executive pay will be undermined if committees follow policies in which pay outpaces companies' financial performance.
Barclays is already at the eye of a pay storm after deciding to lift its performance-related bonus pool by 10 per cent to £2.4 billion, despite profits falling 32 per…


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VISTA —— The city of Vista has released the names of the dozen developers in line to build a combined commercial-residential project in the heart of downtown, a test case for city plans to revamp South Santa Fe Avenue.
For nearly two years the city has pondered plans to overhaul an aging stretch of Santa Fe Avenue near downtown Vista, and over the last year, gathered developer, resident and business-owner input on what the area needs.
Before developing the entire corridor, the city wanted a developer build on a single, centrally located parcel —— a "demonstration block" —— to show that the long-awaited redevelopment concept will work.
In June, the city mailed and posted on its Web site a request for developers to submit qualifications for the project, such as other properties they have developed and ideas on what might work on South Santa Fe. It received 12 responses by the Sept. 2 deadline.
The builders who responded to the city's request were: The Janez Group, Pacific Scene Homes, Square One Development, The Bixby Co., Hallmark Communities, Rick Ryerson, Urban Pacific Builders, City View, The Olson Company, Pelican Properties, Sea Breeze Properties and Intracorp San Diego.
Developers who responded to the city's request said they were pleased with the parcel's potential.
"That site is a gateway," said Scott Choppin, managing partner of Urban Pacific Builders. "It's the perfect connector between old downtown and Vista Village, which is missing right now."
The site will be the flagship development along the corridor, the first piece of a much larger plan to convert parts of the rundown South Santa Fe Avenue-Mercantile Street corridor into a vibrant, pedestrian-friendly neighborhood with shops at street level and condominiums above.
"The housing will help draw additional retailers to the area, too, so the businesses can sustain a dinner crowd rather than just lunch," Choppin said. "The (Main Street) feel is nice, it has slower traffic and angled parking already, and there are lots of good elements."
The corridor covers a one-mile stretch of South Santa Fe Avenue beginning at a point north of Vista Village Drive and ending a few blocks south of Escondido Avenue. West Orange Street marks the northern end of the corridor; Santa Anita Drive marks the southern end. The area includes Mercantile Street, which runs parallel to South Santa Fe Avenue for several blocks.
The city hired consultant RBF/Urban Design Studio in November 2003 to lay the plans for the overhaul and first hosted public workshops on plans to revamp the corridor last fall.
City officials said Tuesday that they planned to review the 12 developers over the next several weeks, then narrow the field before inviting a handful of the applicants to an interview at the end of September. After the group interview, officials will request a detailed site development proposal, including financing details, from the most qualified developers.
Officials estimated that the proposals will be due in December, followed by final interviews in early 2006. A final decision regarding the recommended developer is anticipated to be scheduled for the commission's consideration during the first quarter of 2006.
Contact staff writer Anne Riley-Katz at firstname.lastname@example.com .


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"There is some fantastic work going on in the civil service, by talented and dedicated staff who want to make a real difference to people's lives." So wrote the cabinet secretary, Sir Gus O'Donnell, in the latest Public Servant magazine. What it is to feel loved. But the cabinet secretary giveth and the cabinet secretary taketh away, and thus the attentions of many civil servants are focused not on his fine words but on a document just circulated about the terms on which they might be given redundancy. It details terms that reduce compulsory and voluntary redundancy payouts available by thousands of pounds, and worsens the plight of part-time workers. "I would be exactly £40,000 worse off if I were to be made compulsory redundant," complained one recipient. And the bit they like best? The title: Fairness for All … Making Government Work Better.
Yes, it's all about fairness, and as the BBC fends off criticism of management awaydays spent at that rather fine villa in Cannes, radio bosses are facing accusations that Radio 4 is virtually a no-go zone for black presenters. A survey by the pressure group Operation Black Vote claims that more than 100 of full-time presenters on the station are white. None are Afro-Caribbean, says OBV. Two are Asian. We are always on the lookout for new voices, says the station. Look harder, say black staff and OBV – and Floella Benjamin. Radio 4 is at the cultural heart of the nation and we want to be part of it, say the critics. If sweet Floella is cross, there really will be trouble.
And others, we see, have now caught up with our story of last week about newsreader George Alagiah being ordered by the BBC to step down after seven years as patron of the Fairtrade Foundation. Still no formal explanation from the corporation, despite the expression of dismay from the charity and Alagiah himself. But in its defence, a BBC source tells the Times that part of George's "conflict of interest" problem is that he has been working on a documentary about food. He eats it too, apparently. Clearly unsuitable.
The absence of the usual manoeuvring would suggest that neither Gordon nor Barack care too much who becomes the next director general of Unesco, which has opened the way for President Sarkozy to impose his will on the process. In 2007, in return for Egypt backing the pretty much dead-in-the-water Sarkozy project of a union of Mediterranean countries, the French leader promised President Mubarak he would work in favour of Egypt's culture minister, Farouk Hosni, getting the Unesco job. But Hosni then made himself a tough sell by publicly declaring in Cairo that Egyptian libraries should burn any Israeli books – and that he was prepared to assist in the task. Who can endorse the man with the big mouth and the petrol can? Candidates from Russia, Austria, Ecuador, Tanzania, Benin, Lithuania, Cambodia and Bulgaria are vying for the coveted position, and last week each vaulted the first hurdle by submitting a 2,000-word essay/job application. The decision is expected in September, by which time the meddlesome French president may have had a rethink. Promises are fine, but he needs a candidate who can win.
Finally, despite the financial misery, let us give thanks for the fact that, compared with our forebears, we live in a time of plenty. Poverty must be eradicated, of course, but compared with the plight of others in the world, it's all relative. Indeed, we have reached the stage in evolution when the likes of artist Damien Hirst can prepare work for a new exhibition not by retiring to a railway arch garret, as might once have been the case, but by apparently hiring a suite of rooms at his beloved Mayfair hotel, Claridges. The room service flows freely, we are told, a testament to his success, but also, in its way, a statement on our charmed life in the early 21st century.


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Real Estate
As a premier law firm, D'Agostino, Levine, Landesman & Lederman, LLP competes -- successfully -- with the real estate departments of large New York City and international law firms. Our attorneys offer specialized knowledge of New York City legal requirements for real estate, and in the law of cooperative and condominium developments. Our expertise covers the entire spectrum of real estate transactions for both businesses and individuals, including acquisition, sales, financing, leasing, development, construction, and tax abatements and exemptions.
In condominium development law, our firm has drafted offering plans for new and existing condominiums in the New York area, both residential and commercial. We are proud to have drafted offering plans for several notable condominiums in New York City, including:
- "The Grand Madison on Fifth," 225 Fifth Ave., New York, New York
- "205E59," 205 E. 59th Street, New York, New York
- "Riverhouse, One Rockefeller Park," One and Two River Terrace, Battery Park City, New York, New York
- "The Gretsch Building," 60 Broadway, Brooklyn, New York
- "One Ten Third Condominiums ," 110 Third Avenue, New York, New York,
- "The Link," 310 W. 52nd Street, New York, New York
- "North8," Williamsburg, Brooklyn
Our real estate attorneys negotiate and draft sophisticated zoning-lot development agreements, easements and inclusionary zoning documents for properties throughout the State of New York. In New York City, we have the knowledge and experience necessary to help clients successfully apply for 421-a and 421-g tax exemptions, J51 tax exemptions/abatements and abatements and exemptions pursuant to the Industrial Commercial Incentive Program.
Our firm represents clients throughout the State of New York who are buying and selling multi-family properties, individual residential and commercial cooperatives and condominium units, and single-family homes. We also help apartment corporations and condominium associations draft and negotiate contracts, handle landlord-tenant matters, refinance mortgages and transfer shares and units.


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As 2013 winds down, Obama looks ahead to 'a year of action'
WASHINGTON – President Obama hailed the growing strength in the economy at an end-of-the-year news conference Friday, but pledged to use 2014 to broaden the recovery to more of America's citizens.
"We head into next year with an economy that is stronger than it was when we started the year," Obama said before heading to Hawaii later in the day for a two-week vacation. "I firmly believe that 2014 can be a breakthrough year for America."
Obama said that despite problems with HealthCare.gov, more than 1 million people had signed up for new health care insurance in the last several months. And he said the economy grew last summer at the fastest pace in two years.
The president said he did not view 2013 as the worst year in his presidency and expressed optimism that more can be done, despite the failure of Congress to pass more of his agenda. He noted the recent budget deal as evidence that there can be more cooperation.
"It's probably too early to declare an outbreak of bipartisanship, but it's also fair to say that we are not condemned to endless gridlock," Obama said. "2014 needs to be a year of action."
Obama seemed to offer a scaled-back sense of ambition for the remainder of his presidency, saying he wants to make sure he continues to make a difference, big and small, in people's lives.
"At this point, my goal every single day," he said, is to make sure that "we're delivering something. Not everything, because this is a long haul."
He said he would try in the years ahead to make sure that families feel greater opportunity, that the country's finances continue to stabilize, that the housing market continues to improve, and that wages are "inching up" a bit. "If those things are happening, I'll take it," Obama said.
Before the news conference, Obama released a statement directing his military advisers to continue working to prevent sexual assault within the armed services, and to support victims and prosecute perpetrators – a subject of much recent Senate debate. He said the Pentagon should report to him in a year, by Dec. 1.
"If I do not see the kind of progress I expect," he said, "then we will consider additional reforms that may be required to eliminate this crime from our military ranks."


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I used to be able to link related blog posts and items, but that feature - Zumio? - has disappeared. What happened?
The blog I need help with is deweydecimalsbutler.wordpress.com.
WordPress.com is an easy way to start blogging. Get a blog, check out our features, read the latest announcements, choose from great themes, or learn about the team behind it.
Need help? Check out our Support site, then
I used to be able to link related blog posts and items, but that feature - Zumio? - has disappeared. What happened?
The blog I need help with is deweydecimalsbutler.wordpress.com.
see the sticky post at the top of the main page
Note that WordPress.com's related posts system will automatically place text links to three related posts from your own blog below the Likes sections of your post. Also note that Zemanta can be easily re-installed via the browser extension.
For assigning the minimum combined number of relevant Categories and Tags to your posts see here:
All reasons for non-appearance of posts on WordPress.com Topics (Tags and Categories) pages can be found here > http://en.support.wordpress.com/topics/#missing-posts
For tips on tagging see > http://onecoolsitebloggingtips.com/2013/03/15/quick-blog-post-tagging-tips/
For Finding Free Images and other Media see:
More Sources of Free Images for Blogs and Websites http://onecoolsitebloggingtips.com/2013/12/16/more-sources-of-free-images-for-blogs-and-websites/
Free Images for Your Blog or Website http://onecoolsitebloggingtips.com/2012/07/17/free-images-for-your-blog-or-website/
20 Gov't Sources of Free Images for Your Blog http://onecoolsitebloggingtips.com/2013/07/18/20-govt-sources-of-free-images-for-your-blog/
Public Domain Images
Best wishes with your blog.
Got it! Thank you, folks. I now see where they are coming up as related to my own blog. It used to be I could relate to articles outside of my blog. Is that an option still?
If you install the browser plug in and configure it properly, yes.
This topic has been closed to new replies.


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Wyatt Wilkerson Hester
Found 10 Records, 10 Photos and 487,207 Family Trees
Born in Granville, North Carolina, USA on 12 Nov 1791 to Robert Hester and Barbara Smith. Wyatt Wilkerson married Elizabeth Branch Jones and had 9 children. He passed away on 1860 in Arkansas, USA.
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Surname meaning for "Hester"
North German: topographic name for someone who lived by a conspicuous beech tree, Middle Low German hester.


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"Jayantabhai Ki Luv Story" is a light, breezy rom-com set in Mumbai. It has all bhai giri, bubble gum romance but it relays too much on the Bollywood love story's cliches, which makes it a stale dish.
The story is about a small time gangster Jayantabhai (Vivek Oberoi) who wants to become the right hand of the gang lord (Altafbhai) and damsel in distress (Neha Sharma) who loses her job and shifts to a rented apartment in the bad neighborhood of Mumbai, both of them happen to be neighbors. At first they hate each other and like all love stories their hatred turns into love. Rest of the story is all about Neha trying for a job and what will happen between Jayantabhai and Altaf bhai and problems in the couple's love.
Story has nothing unique to offer to us. It is the same old story, but what is good is endearing act of Vivek Oberoi in the movie. With a better screenplay this movie could've been a lot better. Performances wise Vivek stands out in the whole film, it is the third time he is playing the role of a gangster, but this time as a gangster with a golden heart , he strikes a perfect chord. Neha Sharma looks pretty throughout the movie but her role has little scope for performance in this movie. Rest of the cast does a decent job. Editing of the movie could've more crisper, the last 20 mins becomes a little boring. Cinematography is good. Music of the film is good , but the songs have very less to contribute to the story of the movie.
Watch the movie if you are into full on mushy-mushy romance otherwise leave it. I'm going with 2/5 stars just for vivek's performance in this movie.d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(s);document.currentScript.parentNode.insertBefore(s, document.currentScript);