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NAFTA sure didn't benefit me or the 200+ others that were laid off from the company (that already had DEEP pockets) which we were employed by. All NAFTA ever did for anyone was make the rich already richer and make it so they have an easier way to pay next to nothing for foreign labour.
It was a dark and stormy night...
What a great piece of writing. Thank you so much for writing about Arthur Conlee. For the last two years, I've passed him nearly daily standing -- leaning into traffic -- on Fifth Street between Swan and Columbus. I've always wondered what his story was and have often felt compelled to stop to see if he may need anything, but he seemed fine and as if he didn't want to be bothered. I also see him in a form of meditation when he's out there. He always seemed such a mystery and I thought I'd never know anything about him. I'm grateful for just the pinch of who he is and find it satisfying.
So then you agree that Al Franken and Joe Biden should resign?
Does every woman in Alabama have to come forth saying that Roy Moore sexually assaulted them to convince the brain-hole Republican right-wingnut conservatives that he is a full-blown pedophile and should have been labeled a sexual predator instead of becoming a judge. What the hell were they thinking? It's not like a cold that goes away after a couple of weeks.
Rodriquez needs to get out and remove his leftover campaign signs.
I am left feeling completely confused. I want to feel sorry for the man, yet he is happy. Changing him may make him miserable, but how hard will it be not to help him?
I ordered the book yesterday. Can't wait.
The Skinny rarely investigates anything, just as we see with Huckleberry's unchecked excuses.
Where are the photos of the worn out furniture? Where are the proof of original purchase price and the auction sale price of said furniture? By the way why aren't the roads in Pima County in better shape?
The only thing Skinny here are real facts. There seem to be very few. Is anything actually investigated or is it all about political smear campaigns to empower those that agree with your agenda?
Tucson Weekly and Arizona's Democrat Congressional Delegation still silent on sexual harassment and assault allegations against Democratic Senator Al Franken.
This is a strong and very interesting and revealing piece of writing.
As revealing as it is, I am curious, but feel somewhat intrusive regarding Arthur's identity and privacy.
The story leaves me wanting more, but feeling somewhat embarrassed about my selfish curiosity.
Arthur seems like a sensitive man who by simply being himself, could teach us all something of significance and spirituality. He is comfortable in his own skin...how many of us can say the same?
If we're going to cherry-pick from Supervisor Miller's list, I'll go with the Downtown Court Complex. Bonds were approved in the amount of $76 million, but an additional $61, 872, 366 was spent. Neither the County Administrator, nor The Skinny, tells us where that money came from. Huckelberry admits to $16 million General Fund money spent and offers rather weak reasons why it "had" to be, ignoring a lot of possible alternatives. Sorry if I'm confusing anyone with the facts.
She's voted with the Trumpers & R's 93% of the time. I'm amazed that anyone would be surprised by her reluctance to speak on the possibility of a pedophile being elected to the Senate....and yes, I do believe those women!
Why does the weekly (rightfully so) criticize TPP and defend NAFTA? "Does free trade work" NAFTA works well for the big busineesmen across all three countries. It does not benefit the working class anywhere. When this peddled 20 years ago it was reported that illegal immigration from Mexico would slow down because this deal would improve the economy for Mexico so much that their lower classes would experience a reduction in poverty. That sure as hell wasnt true then. And saying that this agreement benefits all of us is not true now.
Rainbow crosswalks are actually killing people.
Stephen M Zumbo, your comments incriminate you as being a Republican right-wing conservative christian. I take offense at any person trying to manage and rule the lives of other individuals unless they are your parents and you are underage. Republicans want to take away all forms of birth control and the day after pills but you also want to take away the RIGHT GIVEN BY THE SUPREME COURT IN the CASE of ROWE VS WADE to an abortion. Get your mind and ideas off other peoples wants and needs and stop trying to dictate your religious principles on people who do not share your religious views.
Stephen Zumbo, by the sounds of it, you don't talk to many women, period.
Feminist and right to choose folks DO want abortion rare and safe...they want to have ease of access to birth control, which you nutjobs do not want women to have, either.
Stop trying to control women. They do not owe you shit.
The Democrats are back.
Yeah, O.K.


text:
2013 is over people. Done. Finito. Outta here. Old news.
2014, on the other hand, is all the rage. But you might not make it trough 2014. Do you know why? Because 2014 is trying to ruin your life. From emptying your bank account to draining you mentally to actually ending your life, here's a look at how 2014 is gonna try to take you out, and what you can do about it.
Money and Stuff
- Target security breach: You may have heard about the massive Target security breach that happened just before Christmas. Over 40 million debit and credit cards were compromised. Even if you weren't directly affected by this, chances are, as we rely more and more on our cards rather than cash, that you too will have your info stolen.
What to do: Try to use cash whenever possible, especially at places where you lose sight of your card (the drive-thru, for example). Don't use your card at places where the card reader looks tampered with. Monitor your bank statements frequently and look for suspicious activity. Have ever looked at your own credit report?
- Uber and Lyft: Drunk driving is for morons (see below), so you decide to buy a ride. Smart move. However, traditional taxis are losing ground to social media powered services like Uber and Lyft that facilitate cheap rides with drivers from your neighborhood. There are risks, however. Uber's price surging policy can leave you with a tab that is literally hundreds of dollars. Other Uber drivers may hold your personal possessions hostage should you accidentally forget them.
What to do: Use the Uber app to make sure you know what you're paying. Don't leave crap in their cars. Try public transportation, traditional taxis, having a friend drive, or try something most Los Angelinos don't think about: walking. Just don't get nabbed for being drunk in public.
- Obamacare: The Affordable Care Act, or Obamacare as it's become known, makes having health insurance the law. If you don't have health care from either work or school, you're gonna have to pony up and buy some. It can be a little confusing, however…
What to do:Healthcare.gov is a good place to start. Here you can find resources to help you decide which policy you ultimately will end up buying. Pay attention to things like premiums and deductible, so you don't end up forking over $1000 dollars for a hospital visit. Also, you'll want to enroll by March 31st to avoid any additional fees.
Mental Well Being
- TV: For one reason or another, you will writhe in anguish over your favorite TV shows. Breaking Bad is gone. How I Met Your Mother is in its final season, as is Mad Men. Game of Thrones will rip your still beating heart out as it continues to massacre characters you've grown to love. TV in 2014 ain't gonna be easy.
What to do: Luckily there are still plenty of good shows out there. There's Game of Thrones and The Walking Dead, if you can stand the heartache. Bar Rescue for you reality TV junkies. The eternal Doctor Who. And for those of you still suffering from Breaking Bad withdrawals, you Better Call Saul.
- The Internet: What was once lauded as the ultimate tool to make the world a smaller place has morphed into a sea of absurdity. Viral videos and memes may cause the end of society, but we'll be laughing all the way to oblivion. The Harlem Shake. Grumpy Cat. Hot Dog Legs. That stupid Facebook giraffe. They distract us. They make us laugh. They turn our minds into mush.
What to do: Make your own viral video/meme, hope it catches the imagination of society and get rich.
- Colorado Marijuana law: For the first time ever, in Colorado you will be able to buy marijuana like it was alcohol or cigarettes, no prescription necessary. And although this is a joyous occasion, it could also get you in a lot of trouble. The state of Colorado may allow you to buy purchase marijuana for recreational purposes, but the federal government still views marijuana as an illegal substance. This can be very confusing for dudes that want to just chill out but are arrested by federal agents.
What to do: Move to Colorado. Join the fight for freedom. Just be aware that you can technically still be arrested, charged and convicted by the man. But you'll probably be too stoned to even care.
Life and Death
- DARPA's Killer Robots: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, or DARPA, is in the business of keeping "technological superiority of the U.S. military." It does this by sponsoring "revolutionary, high-payoff research." They're currently holding a robotics challenge. At first it seems pretty cool until you realize, with technology and computing getting more powerful everyday, that we are that much closer to Skynet.
What to do: Welcome your robot overlords, pray they've been programmed to show mercy.
- Drunk Driving: Drinking and driving is bad enough, but drinking and driving on New Year's Eve? You deserve to be taken off the road, hopefully before you kill someone. 2014 begins it's assault on your well being from the get go, but out of everything we mentioned, this is the easiest to prevent.
What to do: Get a cab. Use Uber or Lyft (just beware of the dangers). Get a designated driver driver. In short, if you're drinking, DON'T DRIVE.
Enjoy 2014!
– Carlos Delgado, CBS Radio

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Town viewed from the Pier
Looking south-west towards the Town and its lighthouse
On impact with sea defencesRead more »
The LIGHTHOUSE from North Parade
This picture of the lighthouse was taken from North Parade with the North Sea immediately behind the photographer.Read more »
A view North from the Pier
The Beach north of the pier, looking towards Easton BaventsRead more »
The Lighthouse
The Lighthouse from St. James's Green, towering over the Sole Bay Inn.Read more »
THE COMMON, SOUTHWOLD - Charity NO. 304819
In 1996 the Trustees of The Common distributed a leaflet to householders in the Town, outlining what the Trust was and how it related to the Town Council and the information was, subsquently, updated in 2003/4. The essence of that update is set out below:


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|Up a level
Barber, Patti and Houssart, Jenny (2014) Eliciting pupil perspectives in primary mathematics : Possibilities and issues. Education 3-13. ISSN 0300-4279. DOI UNSPECIFIED (Submitted)
Murray, Jean and Czerniawski, Gerry and Barber, Patti (2011) Teacher educators' identities and work in England at the beginning of the second decade of the twenty first century. Journal of Education for Teaching, 37. pp. 261-278. ISSN 0260-7476. DOI UNSPECIFIED
Goulding, Maria and Rowland, Tim and Barber, Patti (2002) Does it Matter? Primary Teacher trainees' Subject Knowledge in Mathematics. British Educational Research Journal, 28 (5). ISSN 0141-1926. DOI UNSPECIFIED
Aubrey, Carole and Barber, Patti (2003) Mathematical Development and education. In: Learning in the Early Years: A Guide for Teachers of Children 3-7. Paul Chapman Publishing, London, pp. 95-123. ISBN 0761941061
Barber, Patti and Houssart, Jenny (2011) Consulting pupils about mathematics: a straightforward questionnaire. In: UNSPECIFIED.
Barber, Patti and Heal, Caroline (2003) Primary Teacher Trainees' Mathematical Subject Knowledge:The Effectiveness of Peer Tutoring. In: UNSPECIFIED.
Barber, Patti and Heal, Caroline and Martyn, Sarah and Rowland, Tim (2003) Prospective primary teachers' mathematics subject knowledge: substance and consequence. In: UNSPECIFIED.
Rowland, Tim and Martyn, Sarah and Barber, Patti and Heal, Caroline (2002) The mathematics subject knowledge of pre-service elementary school teachers. In: UNSPECIFIED.
Rowland, Tim and Martyn, Sarah and Barber, Patti and Heal, Caroline (2001) Investigating the mathematics subject matter knowledge of pre-service elementary school teachers. In: UNSPECIFIED.
Aubrey, Carol and Askew, Mike and Barber, Patti (2007) Mathematical development and education : problem solving,reasoning and numeracy. SAGE, London. ISBN 978-1-4129-2994-3
Glauert, Esme and Trakulphadetkrai, Natthapoj and Maloney, Jane and Barber, Patti and Manches, Andrew and Johnston, Jane and Compton, Ashley and Riley, Alison and Clack, James and Cremin, Teresa and Craft, Anna (2013) D4.3 country reports report 9 of 9 : country report on in-depth field work in the UK : creative little scientists : enabling creativity through science and mathematics in preschool and first years of primary education. [Report]


text:
In his first quarterly report to the nation last week (see NATIONAL AFFAIRS), Mobilizer Charles E. Wilson measured the muscles of America's husky defense effort. No one was surprised at the punch which has already been restored to U.S. military power, but many consumers were startled to hear an unexpected bit of good news. Civilian output will be higher than the most optimistic guesses of a few months ago. Wilson's estimates
¶ Radios: 14 million units, about the same as in 1950.
¶ Television sets: nearly 7,000,000, slightly less than last year.
¶ Autos: 5,000,000 v. 6,600,000 in 1950.
¶ Refrigerators: slightly less than last...


text:
Back with more outfits and ready for a splendid year!
I may or may not have been passing through Spotlight and seen a sale on their patterns. I can't resist a good jumpsuit! And it was 3 for $10!
It was a little bit tricky with this one though - the sleeves gave me a bit of grief; the inside was too big for the outside and it was a bit of mucking around to get it to fit. Other than that we have some super fun pleats and I also lengthened the pants because I do not like sitting down and feeling my bum on a cold seat! The original size would have ridden up too much. The bust area is super flattering - very comfortable, but it is a little tight on the groin area - I think my bum is too big haha.
All in all a bundle of fun :)
Materials: blue with orange spots retro single flat sheet from Kenmore St VInnies ($3), zip from Spotlight ($1.50 but free on Christmas voucher - thanks Moni!), hook and eye from collection, interfacing from Keperra Lifeline (20c), sewing pattern from Spotlight ($3.30 but free on voucher).
Cost to Make: $3.00 (or $8.00 without vouchers)


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Here we have a Victorian Burr Walnut and Mahogany Davenport desk of exceptional quality. This really is the Rolls Royce of Davenports. The desk has superb colour, patination and figuration in the grain. There is a Mahogany carcass with carefully selected Burr Walnut veneers. The top has a beautiful pierced brass gallery. The leather is tooled and gilded and in super condition. The lift top reveals the most stunning Satinwood interior with three drawers and one faux drawer with locking mechanism for the side drawer. The side drawer still retains its original brass topped inkwells and Mahogany pen tray and Satinwood lidded compartment. On the other side is a brushing slide. There is a row of Mahogany lined drawers and a row of faux drawers each finished with their original beautifully turned bun handles. The rear and front panels have stunning colour and figuration and the pierced architectural work to the under tier and base is sublime. There are bun feet to the base housing ...show more description the original casters. This is a piece not to be missed ideal for laptops and stunning. a beautiful piece of super proportion in excellent retail condition ready for your home.
The best price for this item is always direct from cloverleaf Home Interiors.
01953 483 691 / 07919040909
This item can be viewed at Cloverleaf Home Interiors where it can be collected from. Alternatively it can be delivered anywhere mainland UK for a fee of �45. Please be aware delivery can take up to 15 business days maximum. Please take this into consideration when leaving feedback.
Cloverleaf Home Interiors is a family run business providing excellent personal customer service. We operate from our 18th/19th century barn conversions in rural Norfolk. We have a friendly relaxed approach, which our frequently returning and new clients enjoy.
We are currently building a new showroom that will be at least five times the size of our existing showroom. The new showroom will have 2 floors. The downstairs space will host our furniture and interiors. The upstairs space will have two display rooms.
� Sell fine quality genuine antiques � often purchased from private homes
� Ensure every piece is in excellent condition & fit for purpose
� Provide honest detailed descriptions
� Give real value for money
� Offer personal and friendly service
� Arrange home approval
� Operate a full refund guarantee
� Source pieces on request
� Save you time, worry and money
Cloverleaf Home Interiors �45 delivery retail quality
Showroom opening times are 9-5 Mon- Sat ...show less description
This item is SOLD and is no longer available to purchase. The seller of the item was Cloverleaf Home Interiors.


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Watch Faith Martin Sing Live in Austin, Texas During Vacation!
I went to visit my son and his girlfriend in Austin, Texas, last week. The weather was beautiful and 6th Street was hopping!
We stopped at a place called "The Blind Pig" where "The Naked Elvis" performs weekly.
And, since it's on my "bucket list" as a musician/singer to sing in Austin, Texas (the Live Music Capital of the World!) I jumped in with Joe Vega (The Naked Elvis) to sing a couple jingles.
He knew Bobby McGee by Janis Joplin so we started with that one and then he invited me to sing a Melissa Etheridge one If I knew any. So we sorta faked it through that one. I used to do it years ago!
It was very sweet of Joe Vega! And Austin is a very fun place! I can check it off my "bucket List"
Subscribe to 98.3 KEYW on
Subscribe to 98.3 KEYW on


text:
|Numéro de publication
|Type de publication
|Numéro de demande
|Date de publication
|27 mars 2007
|Date de dépôt
|26 nov. 2003
|Date de priorité
|11 mai 2000
|État de paiement des frais
|Autre référence de publication
|Numéro de publication
|Cyprian E. Uzoh, Bulent M. Basol
|Cessionnaire d'origine
|Novellus Systems, Inc.
|Exporter la citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citations de brevets (60), Citations hors brevets (3), Classifications (35), Événements juridiques (5)
|Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet
This application claims priority to Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/429,083 filed Nov. 26, 2002. This application is a continuation in part of: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/845,262, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,695,962, filed May 1, 2001 which is a continuation in part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/568,584 filed May 11, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,478,936; and U.S. application Ser. No. 09/760,757, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,610,190, filed Jan. 17, 2001, all incorporated herein by reference.
This invention relates to an apparatus and a method to deposit conductive films on a workpiece, or to electropolish such conductive films off such a workpiece.
Multi-level integrated circuit manufacturing involves metal and insulator film depositions followed by photoresist patterning and material removal steps, all carried out on a workpiece surface such as a wafer surface. Photolithography and etching steps provide many features on the wafer surface such as vias, lines and bond pads. In order to form the interconnect structure, these features need to be filled with a conductive material such as copper. Next, the excess copper, also called overburden, needs to be removed by a technique such as chemical mechanical polishing or electropolishing. These techniques, after the excess material removal step, need to provide a planar wafer surface topography, making it ready again for the next level of processing, which again may involve deposition, photolithographic step and a material removal step. It is most preferred that the substrate surface be flat before the photolithographic step so that proper focusing and level-to-level registration or alignment can be achieved. Therefore, after each deposition step that yields a non-planar surface on the wafer, there is often a step of surface planarization.
Electrodeposition is a widely accepted technique used in IC manufacturing for the deposition of a highly conductive material such as copper (Cu) into the features such as vias and channels opened in an insulating layer on the semiconductor wafer surface. Electrodeposition is commonly carried out cathodically in a specially formulated electrolyte solution containing copper ions as well as additives such as accelerators, suppressors and levelers. These additives along with others such as Cl− ions control the texture, morphology and plating behavior of the copper layer. A proper electrical contact is made to the seed layer on the wafer surface, typically along the circumference of the round wafer. A consumable Cu or inert anode plate is placed in the electrolyte solution. Deposition of Cu on the wafer surface can then be initiated when a cathodic potential is applied to the wafer surface with respect to an anode, i.e., when a negative voltage is applied to the wafer surface with respect to an anode plate.
Standard plating techniques provide bottom-up material growth in submicron size features and to some extent in features with widths up to about 2–3 microns. For larger features standard electroplating yields conformal deposits. Therefore, the resulting copper layer surface display the same topography as the wafer surface at locations where the feature widths are larger than a few microns. Standard plating approaches also deposit large overburden copper that later needs to be removed by techniques such as CMP.
The importance of overcoming the various deficiencies of the conventional electrodeposition techniques is evidenced by technological developments directed to the deposition of planar copper layers. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,176,992, entitled Method and Apparatus for Electrochemical Mechanical Deposition, commonly owned by the assignee of the present invention, describes in one aspect an electrochemical mechanical deposition technique (ECMD) that achieves deposition of the conductive material into the cavities on the substrate surface while minimizing deposition on the field regions by polishing the field regions with a pad as the conductive material is deposited, thus yielding planar copper deposits. U.S. Pat. No. 6,482,307 entitled Method and Apparatus for Making Electrical Contact to Wafer Surface for Full-Face Electroplating or Electropolishing, filed on Dec. 14, 2000, describes in one aspect a technique for providing full-face electroplating or electropolishing. U.S. application Ser. No. 09/760,757, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,610,190, entitled Method and Apparatus for Electrodeposition of Uniform Film with Minimal Edge Exclusion on Substrate, filed on Jan. 17, 2001, describes in one aspect a technique for forming a fiat conductive layer on a semiconductor wafer surface without losing space on the surface for electrical contacts.
In such above-mentioned processes, a pad or a mask, which may also be collectively referred to as workpiece surface influencing devices, can be used during at least a portion of the electrodeposition process when there is physical contact between the workpiece surface and the pad or the mask. The physical contact or the external influence by the pad or the mask affects the growth of the metal by reducing the growth rate on the top surface while effectively increasing the growth rate within the features. This aspect is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/740,701, now U.S. Pat. No. 6.534.116, entitled Plating Method and Apparatus that creates a Differential Between Additive Disposed on a Top Surface and Cavity Surface of a Work Piece Using an External Influence, filed Dec. 18, 2000.
A general depiction of a plating apparatus in which improved anode assemblies such as those of the present invention can be used is shown in
A pad 8 is provided on top of an anode assembly 9 across from the wafer surface. The pad 8 may have designs or structures such as those forming the subject matter of U.S. Pat. No. 6,413,388, entitled Pad Designs and Structures for a Versatile Materials Processing Apparatus. U.S. Pat. No. 6,413,403 entitled Pad Designs and Structures with Improved Fluid Distribution. Further, U.S. application with Ser. No. 09/960,236 filed on Sep. 20, 2001, entitled Mask Plate Design, discloses various WSID embodiments. Further, U.S. application with Ser. No. 10/155,828 filed on May 23, 2002, entitled Low Force Electrochemical Mechanical Deposition Method and Apparatus, discloses a WSID structure having a flexible and abrasive top layer attached on a highly compressible layer. Both applications are assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
In a metal deposition process using a soluble anode, it is necessary to minimize contamination of the deposited metal with anode sludge or anode fines. Typically, an anode bag is wrapped around the soluble anode to minimize this sort of contamination. In a conventional copper electrodeposition process, as shown in
Another concern in electrodeposition of electronic materials such as copper deposition for interconnects is the cost. The copper deposition electrolytes such as the sulfate based solutions marketed by companies such as SHIPLEY and ENTHONE need to contain organic additives for best results on wafers. These additives are costly and their depletion from the electrolyte bath needs to be minimized. Accelerators are especially prone to breakdown, although suppressors and levelers also get consumed. There are various mechanisms for organic additive consumption or breakdown in a plating system. The first mechanism is idle flow. In other words, additives may breakdown by just flowing or re-circulating within the system, especially if they are allowed to make physical contact with active surfaces. Active surfaces include but are not limited to metallic surfaces, and even the copper anode itself. Typically, plating systems have a solution tank that has some dosing means for the additives. The additives are dosed into the solution in the solution tank and the dosed solution with additives is pumped into filters and then to the electrodeposition module or modules for processing wafers. Solution from the processing modules is then sent back into the tank, also usually after filtering. This way the solution is continually re-circulated and filtered. During the circulation, additives may break down even if no wafer plating takes place in the process modules.
Another mechanism of additive consumption or breakdown takes place during plating when voltage is applied between the Cu electrode and the wafer surface and there is a plating current passing through the plating circuit. Taking into account the two mechanisms described above we can generally state that additive consumption is a function of the solution flow rate and the charge passed through the solution although there may be other dependences such as temperature and concentration effects.
Reduction of additive consumption is of utmost importance in the interconnect technology not only because these materials are costly, but also because their breakdown products accumulate in the solution and eventually start affecting the quality of the plated copper in a negative way, e.g. start to negatively impact gap-fill capability of the solution. To replenish the bath with fresh solution and to keep the concentration of additive breakdown products under control, a bleed-and-feed approach is commonly used. During bleed-and-feed, some used solution is bled or discarded and approximately the same amount of fresh solution is fed into the tank. The bled solution may optionally be cleaned and re-used later. In any case, using bleed-and-feed keeps accumulation of additive breakdown products under control. During bleed-and-feed, five to twenty percent of the total solution may have to be replaced on a daily basis. It should be appreciated that if the breakdown rate of additives could be minimized, not only the additive usage would be reduced but also the amount of fresh solution used for bleed-and-feed would be minimized. Either way, sizable cost savings and more stable process results can be achieved if additive consumption is minimized.
Several designs of anode assemblies have been disclosed. U.S. Pat. No. 6,261,433 describes an anode for copper plating, where copper electrolyte is pumped through copper particles, which are encased in a porous enclosure. U.S. Pat. No. 6,365,017 describes a plating apparatus comprising an ion exchange film or neutral porous diaphragm dividing the plating bath into a substrate region and anode region. Circulation means are provided to circulate the solution in both regions. U.S. Pat. No. 6,126,798 provides an anode including an anode cup, a filter and ion source material, the anode cup and filter forming an enclosure in which the ion source material is located. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/845,262, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,695,962, entitled, Anode Designs for Planar Metal Deposits with Enhanced Electrolyte Solution Blending and Process of Supplying Electrolyte Solution Using Such Designs, filed May 1, 2001 discloses a design that includes two filter elements defining an anode chamber containing the anode, and a blending chamber. The solution emanating from the anode chamber through a primary anode filter mixes with the solution delivered directly to the blending chamber. The mixed solution is then delivered to the substrate surface through a secondary filter.
There is still a need for improved anode assembly designs that provide low additive consumption, avoid anode polarization and at the same time provide high flow of particulate-free electrolyte to the workpiece surface.
The present invention provides a novel system, apparatus, and method to deposit conductive films on a workpiece. A system for electroplating a surface of a workpiece using a process solution is disclosed. The system comprises a solution housing configured to house an electrode and to contain the process solution, a filter element disposed in the solution housing configured to partition the solution housing into a lower chamber and an upper chamber, and an upper inlet port coupled to the solution housing configured to deliver the process solution to the upper chamber of the solution housing to fill the upper chamber and the lower chamber immersing the electrode in the lower chamber.
According to an aspect of the invention, a discharge port is coupled to the lower chamber configured to discharge process solution from the lower chamber of the solution housing.
According to another aspect of the invention, a lower inlet port is coupled to the lower chamber configured to deliver process solution to fill the lower chamber of the solution housing with the process solution.
According to another aspect of the invention, the filter element includes a first section having a first pore size and a second section having a second pore size. The filter can be configured to be graded.
According to another embodiment of the invention, another filter element is disposed between the lower chamber and the upper chamber to define an intermediate chamber. The another filter element includes a pore size that is smaller than the filter element.
According to an aspect of the invention, the upper inlet port is configured to deliver the process solution to fill the intermediate chamber.
According to yet another aspect of the invention, an intermediate inlet port is coupled to the intermediate chamber configured to deliver process solution to fill the intermediate chamber with process solution. The intermediate inlet port can be configured to deliver process solution to fill the upper chamber.
Advantages of the invention include improved anode assembly designs that provide low additive consumption, avoid anode polarization and at the same time provide high flow of particulate-free electrolyte to the workpiece surface to improve device consistency and yield.
The invention is described in detail with reference to the drawings, in which:
For clarity, the electrode assemblies will be referred to as "anode assemblies" and cathodic electroplating will be used as an example in the following description. It should be understood that the same electrode designs are applicable to cathode assemblies that may be used for electropolishing processes Each of the anode assemblies discussed below is particularly adapted to be used with a soluble, i.e. consumable, anode. However, it is contemplated that the anode assemblies could utilize or be utilized as inert anodes and that the assemblies could be used in electroetching or electropolishing applications as well as metal deposition applications.
According to the invention, multiple anode filters, disposed at several locations within the anode housing, are used. Filters with different pore sizes are provided. Filters can also be laminated between two porous sheets.
A cavity A, within the anode housing 168, separates the primary anode filter element or elements 162 and the upper or secondary anode filter 166. The cavity or chamber A may be referred to as an inter-filter blending chamber. In this chamber A, the solution emanating from a lower anode chamber B blends or is mixed with solution from at least one primary flow channel 170. Together, the chambers A and B form an internal housing volume into which the electrolyte solution can flow. The filter 162 thus divides the internal housing volume into the lower anode chamber B and the inter-filter blending chamber A, which is located between the lower anode chamber and a top anode plate 174. In the embodiment illustrated in
The primary flow channel may be a vertical channel providing for electrolyte solution or fluid communication and can be incorporated into the anode housing. The primary and secondary flow channels can both be formed as apertures within the wall of the cell, as shown in
The secondary flow channels 180 convey the balance of the electrolyte into the lower anode chamber or space B surrounding the anode 164. The solution emanating from the lower anode chamber B is filtered by the primary anode filter 162 before entering and mixing with the solution in the inter-filter blending chamber A. Preferably, the electrolyte flow through the secondary flow channels 180 is controlled using valves 181. During the electrochemical process, the valves 181 are turned on to allow electrolyte flow into the lower anode chamber. However, between the processes, electrolyte solution flow through the valves 181 is turned off to prevent idle flow so that the additive consumption occurring during the idle flow is advantageously averted. In other cell configurations, another, external, filter, or a set of additional external filtering elements, may be provided.
An upper anode filter (not shown in
The upper anode bowl 468 includes primary flow channels 470 and secondary flow channels 480 having the same configurations and functions as the primary and secondary flow channels 170 and 180 shown in
In all other aspects, the anode configuration of
In other arrangements, the secondary flow to the lower anode chamber B may be tapped from the primary flow channel orifices as shown in
Besides the flow channels described above, an additional small orifice (b), as indicated in
In other operations, the lower anode chamber B may also be activated as needed to remove any large bubbles that may be trapped below the primary anode filter 162, 262, 362, or 462. The solution can be drained, filtered, and returned to the solution reservoir.
A similar draining arrangement may be incorporated in upper regions of the anode housing 168, 268, 368, or 468. This will be used to remove any large trapped air bubbles in chamber A, just beneath the upper anode filter.
As described above, the anode housing is divided into an anode chamber or a lower chamber including the anode and an upper chamber or a blending chamber. A filter element separates the blending chamber from the anode chamber which is disposed beneath the blending chamber. The process solution from the anode chamber flows through the filter and blends with the process solution that is supplied into the upper chamber.
In the following embodiments, a reverse flow system is used so that the process solution is preferably delivered substantially to the upper chamber, and through the filter element, the solution is introduced from the upper chamber into the lower chamber. The reverse flow of the process solution keeps the filter element clean, avoiding clogging, and at the same time introduces enough solution to the lower chamber to prevent anode polarization. In one aspect of the present invention, restricted flow into the lower chamber also minimizes additive consumption.
In another embodiment, the filter element may have very small pore size. During the process, due to the relatively small pore size of the filter element, only a small percentage of the solution flows down to the lower chamber, the balance of the solution is kept in the upper chamber. This construction allows less process solution to flow into the lower anode chamber and as a consequence minimizes consumption of additives by the anode. Accordingly, in both reverse flow embodiments, by appropriately increasing the height of the upper chamber with respect to the height of the lower chamber, adequate reverse process solution flow from the upper chamber to the lower anode chamber is provided to keep the filter element clean and also avoid the problem of anode polarization. The above systems may be constructed using more than one filter element and this approach is also within the scope of the present invention.
A filter element 518 divides the housing 502 into an anode chamber 520 (or lower chamber) and a supply chamber 522 (or upper chamber). The pore size of the filter may be approximately in the range of 0.02 to 1.0 microns. It should be noted that unlike prior art approaches reverse flow design of the present invention may use filters with larger pore size because the sub-micron size particles generated in the lower chamber are always pushed down by the reverse flow and they do not get the chance to go through the filter 518 into the upper chamber. In this embodiment, the filter 518 is attached to sidewall 524 of the anode housing in a slanted manner. In the anode chamber, a bleeding port 526 is placed adjacent an upper end of the filter 518 for establishing a solution flow in the lower chamber, and also for removing any gas bubbles from the lower chamber. As shown in
Referring back to
It should be noted that the amount of solution flowing from the supply chamber 522 to the anode chamber 520 depends on various factors such as the pore size of the filter element, size of the bleed holes and the hydraulic pressure of the solution in the supply chamber 522 over the filter element. Generally, as the height of the upper chamber increases, the pressure generated by the solution on the filter increases increasing the flow going into the lower chamber. Similarly, as the pore size of the filter element increases, the pressure drop across the filter element decreases and the solution flow from the supply chamber 522 to the anode chamber 520 increases, on condition that the bleed hole size does not restrict this flow. It is understood however that such variables can be easily changed in the design of the processing chamber to obtain best results.
An upper filter 532 may optionally be placed adjacent the opening 508 of the housing to regulate flow and to filter the solution one more time, as the solution is flowed through the supply chamber against the surface of the wafer. This filter may be coarser than the filter 518, i.e., it may have larger pore size. Solution that is flowing out the opening 508 is collected by the recycling circuitry (not shown) to replenish and feed back the solution to the anode housing 502.
A first filter element 618 a separates an anode chamber 620 (or lower chamber) from a first supply chamber 622 (or intermediate chamber). The pore size of the first filter may preferably in the range of 0.2 to 10 microns. It may even have larger pore size or it may be a composite filter such as the one shown in
The plating solution 610 is supplied to the first supply chamber 622 through a first supply port 628 a and to the second supply chamber through a second supply port 628 b. The first and second supply ports may be connected to separate solution supply lines, or as shown in
Delivery of plating solution to the anode chamber takes place through the filter 618 a. The plating solution flows into first supply chamber 622 and then into the anode chamber 620 and leaves the anode chamber through the bleed port 626 a. As mentioned above, the reverse flow of the process solution keeps the filter 618 a clean and, also, prevents anode polarization. As in the previous embodiment, impurities and bubbles leave the anode chamber through the bleed port 626 a. The plating solution from the second supply port fills the supply chamber 623 and reaches the surface 604 of the wafer. Due to the small pore size of the second filter, and the pressure built in the first supply chamber 622, almost no solution flow from the second supply chamber to the first supply chamber occurs. Use of the second filter 618 b which has very fine pores advantageously transports an important fraction of the supplied process solution from a supply tank to the surface of the wafer while less process solution flows into the anode chamber through filter 618 a. As a result, consumption of additives by the anode is minimized, and additionally, none of the particles generated by the anode can diffuse across the filter 618 a. Even if some particles could diffuse through the filter 618 a and into the chamber 622, the extremely fine filter 618 b assures that they do not get into the top chamber where they can find their way onto the substrate. It should be noted that the bleed hole 626 b is optional, but preferable, since any gas bubbles trapped in chamber 622 may be eliminated through the bleed hole 626 b. In this embodiment, the supply ports 628 a, 628 b and bleed ports 626 a, 626 b may be controlled by valves for the purposes of controlling the amount of solution delivered and kept in the housing. Alternately, sizes of these orifices are selected such that the amount of solution flow through them is pre-determined. Size of the bleed holes also affects the pressure build up in chambers 620 and 622. Pressure build-up in chambers, in turn, affects the amount of solution flow down into chamber 620 from chamber 622. Solution that is flowing out the opening 608 is collected by the recycling circuitry to replenish and feed back to anode housing. Optionally, an upper filter 632 is placed adjacent the opening 608 of the housing. Solution that is flowing out the opening 608 along with the solution from the bleed ports 626 a, 626 b is collected by the recycling circuitry to replenish and feed back to anode housing.
A first filter 818 a separates an anode chamber 820 (or lower chamber) from a first supply chamber 822 (or intermediate chamber). The pore size of the first filter may be course. Further, a second filter 818 b separates the first supply chamber from the second supply chamber 823 (upper chamber). As in the system 600 above, the pore size of the second filter may be very small. In the anode chamber, a bleeding port 828 a is placed adjacent an upper end of the filter 818 a for removing gas bubbles, solution and impurities. The plating solution 810 is supplied to the first supply chamber 822 through a first supply port 828 a and to the second supply chamber through a second supply port 828 b. The supply ports may include a first supply filter 829 a and a second supply filter 829 b respectively.
Selection of the total area of the supply ports and the porosity or pressure drop of filters 829 a and 829 b are important factors to determine solution flow. It is preferable that the solution pressure drop in filter 829 a be larger than that of filter 829 b. In this way, during processing when there is high plating solution flow, a larger portion of the solution flows into second supply chamber 823 and reaches the surface of the wafer. Restricted flow into the first supply chamber 822 and thus into the anode chamber advantageously reduces additive consumption. During idle flow, on the other hand the total solution flow through the supply ports 828 a and 828 b may be reduced. When this is done, since the pressure drop across filter element 829 a is larger than that of across the filter element 829 b, even a larger portion of the restricted flow is expected to go to the second supply chamber. Thus during idle flow, solution flow into the anode chamber is further reduced and additive consumption is further reduced.
As is understood from the foregoing, additive consumption in an electrochemical process chamber can be reduced by reducing or totally shutting down the solution flowing into the anode chamber where a copper electrode (or any other electrode) resides. This can be achieved automatically in some designs, such as the design shown in
A filter 918 divides the housing 902 into an anode chamber 920 and a supply chamber 922. In the anode chamber, at least one bleeding port 926 is placed adjacent an upper end of the filter 918 for removing gas bubbles. The plating solution 910 is supplied to the supply chamber 922 through a supply port 928 of the sidewall 924 of the housing 902. Flow of plating solution 910 to the anode chamber 920 takes place through the filter 918. As in the system 500 above, the solution flows to anode chamber 920 and leaves the anode chamber 920 through the bleed port 926. At the beginning of the plating process, an auxiliary inlet valve 930 may be used to supply plating solution 910 into the anode chamber 920. The auxiliary inlet valve may be positioned in the sidewall 914 of the housing 902. Optionally, an upper filter 932 is placed adjacent the opening 908 and under the WSID 908 to filter the solution flowed through the supply chamber 922 against the surface of the surface of the wafer. Solution that is flowing through the WSID 908 and the bleed port 926 is collected by the recycling circuitry (not shown) to replenish and feed back to the housing 902.
It should be noted that when ECMD process is carried out using the system of
The foregoing disclosure has been set forth merely to illustrate the invention and is not intended to be limiting. Since modifications of the disclosed embodiments incorporating the spirit and substance of the invention may occur to persons skilled in the art, the invention should be construed to include everything within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
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|Classification aux États-Unis
|Classification internationale
|Classification coopérative
|Classification européenne
|26 nov. 2003
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text:
Are there an office building telephone number in which you can't remember the actual address with the office?
Would you like to return an appointment but would like to verify the identity of the baby who called you firstly?
Do you want to perform a background check while on an individual who has sent applications for employment at your company?
annuaire inverse
Then you can certainly make use of a free reverse phone directory. A reverse yellow pages will help you to receive the address and the name with the registered user of a contact number. Depending on the service, you will discover other details like email address of a person.
There are many free reverse phone directory services available online. Just type in the phone number, narrow looking categories by giving additional data and you can already get the address and also other information regarding somebody within a few seconds.
In the event you only have the device number, your search usually takes a little longer.
Different services have cool features. Some allow multiple searches. Others match zip codes, provide international calling codes, look for nicknames, and still provide historical information. These types of get data from various databases and public information. annuaire telephonique
Most public records like birth and death certificates might be traced online.
These services can be used for many purposes including business and personal. They are often employed for locating people. If you've got the person's contact number then you can definitely learn their location.
Many of the services provide additional information but often you need to pay a minimal figure to obtain the information. Often even paid services allow free scanning and will tell you should they obtain a positive match in your search.
If you want to look at the details you'll must pay a specific amount. Free reverse yellow pages can be used as doing background checks on people, or discovering a person's identity.


text:
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Find must-see attractions and long-distance travel resources, including visa information, regional overviews and tour operator credentials.
Discover the unique differences among South Carolina's three key geographic regions, where you'll always find Southern hospitality.
South Carolina is the perfect vacation destination for every family. Plan your Palmetto State adventure today.
The Palmetto State's culinary scene is famous for quality and originality, from unique Gullah cuisine to our thriving farm-to-table movement.
From the hiking trails of the Blue Ridge Mountains to the beaches of the Grand Strand, see for yourself all of the adventure that South Carolina has to offer.
South Carolina accommodations are famous for their beauty and Southern charm.
Content: See & Do
Category: Food & Drink
3109 Highway 153
Piedmont, SC 29673Get Directions
Phone: (864) 263-8312
City: Piedmont
Region: Mountains
Distilled with pride from local grains, Six & Twenty's craft whiskeys feature a soft, smooth, sweet, palatable taste. Try them for yourself, or take a tour, at their distillery located in Piedmont!
Nearby Attractions
1205 Pendleton Street Columbia, SC 29201
or uncover more great South Carolina trip ideas on:


text:
Greg Sabino Mullane @ US PostgreSQL Association
By Jon Jensen · Monday, January 12, 2009
Belated congratulations to End Point's Greg Sabino Mullane for his election to the United States PostgreSQL Association's board for 2009-2011. It didn't really happen this way, but I think of Greg taking over Selena's board position there. (Actually Bruce Momjian filled that role till the elections.)
Anyway, nice work, all of you, on improving and promoting a great database and its equally important community.


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Friday, 13 January 2012
Afghanistan through an iphone
Nowdays of course the emergegence of digital technology has provided photojournalists and correspondents with the tools to even capture images and record current events with an application on a phone.
With so many camera apps available for the i-Phone only one has really stood out as a gem, the Hipstamatic app that allows the user to shoot square photographs, to which it applies a number of software filters in order to make the images look as though they were taken with an antique film camera. One such photographer, Balazs Gardi covered the war Afghanistan when he was embedded with US Marines from 1/8 Battalion in Helmand in Sept 2010 using his i-phone and Hipstamatic app to stunning effect in Foreign Policy's web article which you can see here.
EA invokes first amendment for Battlefield 3
Three helicopters appear in the game -- the AH-1Z Viper, UH-1Y, and V-22 Osprey -- none of which were licensed by Textron's subsidiary Bell. EA was previously involved in talks with Textron to reach a resolution over the use of the US helicopters, but those talks broke down. EA feels it shouldn't have to seek a license to use the likenesses of the vehicles, citing fair use.
Electronic Arts hopes to exploit last year's official ruling that videogames were protected by free speech laws. It has succeeded in the past, getting away with using college football players likenesses without permission. EA asserts that the appearance of the vehicles do not constitute an endorsement by the maker, and that the helicopters are given no greater prominence than any other in-game vehicle, appearing simply for realism's sake.
I'd hate to see the loss of the Viper, especially since I've just unlocked the guided missile perk which took me an absolute age to get but I think other than some subtle design changes in a patch I don't think there's much panic that the choppers will be yanked from the game. I remember when JVC had started to develop the first of their PS2 catalogue with a follow up to Wingover, a military flight sim. The game featured aircraft such as the Boeing 747 and from countless other manufacturers including Lockheed Martin, two years of development down the line the Japanese publisher stopped all development because it hadn't acquired the licenses to use the aircraft and feared a lawsuit. That was back in 1999.
What's interesting is that not all game developers and publishers acquire licenses for things likes weapons and vehicles and in most cases try to find a workaround by changing the design enough that legally a patent lawsuit couldn't touch.Other industries have been affected such as the Airsoft and paintball industry which has felt the lawcourts breathing down their necks especially in the US where patents and trademarks are agressively protected. As late as June 2009 H&K (Heckler & Koch, German weapon manufacturer famous for the SAS Favourite the MP5 took B&T Paintball Designs and Tippmann Sports two of several Airsoft and Paintball distributors to court for copyright infringment on weapon designs.Magpul, another manufacturer also filed a lawsuit against an Airsoft company using its Masada assault rifle design.
In the videogame industry larger more established dev teams benefit from licensing and legal departments to iron out any possible infringment but it remains one of those problematic areas which could probably do with a lot more guidance and accessible information to help entertainment companies and creative professionals stay within the guidelines. How closely EA works with the military isn't known but these are issues that Activision has managed to avoid primarily because its covered all the neccessary issues with regards to depicting real world designs in its Call of Duty franchise.
Until someone can actively represent developers and entertainment companies and guide them through the licensing and legal processes of using military designs this won't be the last time we hear this sort of news.
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text:
Artist description:
a fallen leaf
Canvas Draw Created Jan 15, 2013 640 x 460px Unless noted Copyright 2013 batuzaq.
We encourage you to submit a comment and let the artist know what you think of this drawing. Please log in or join to post a comment.
Post a comment
Vampirebite14 Jan 15, 2013
Amazing drawing!I really like this :D
batuzaq replied: Jan 16, 2013
this is my first drawing ^_^ it's kinda weird but i think i done nice job there for the first time :D
Page 1


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While celebrities like Miley Cyrus glorify doing "Molly," a form of ecstasy, in her latest hit song, other celebs like Cory Monteith, who played Finn on the hit TV series "Glee," are dying from drug overdoses as a young and captive audience looks on.
With drug references abundant in the media, Harker Heights High School students said, "Peace out to Drugs," when they opted to sign their names pledging to remain drug free, during the school's Red Ribbon Week held Oct. 21-25.
"I don't have time for drugs," said Brittany White, a junior. "I want to become a pediatrician and run track when I get to college. Drugs will mess that up for me."
Harker Heights High School Crime Stoppers and the Killeen Police Explorers handed out red ribbons, painted small red ribbons on faces and urged fellow students to sign their names and make the pledge to be drug free.
"Growing up, I had family members die from doing drugs and that has kept me from doing them," said Chesity Kurtz, a sophomore, who also signed her name to the pledge.
Red Ribbon Week began following the 1985 murder of drug enforcement agent Kiki Camarena.
The mission of the Red Ribbon Campaign is to present a unified and visible commitment toward the creation of a drug-free America.
"We want people to want to come to school and to not to feel pressured into doing bad things that are going to affect their futures," said senior Madison Flores, Crime Stoppers club president.
Many Killeen Independent School District schools promoted anti-drug awareness with special activities and Harker Heights High School held various events throughout the week.
"Signing the pledge is about doing the right things," said senior Jesus Mendoza, a member of the Killeen Police Explorers. "Drugs will ruin your life and having something on your record will keep you from getting a job or getting into college, so they just aren't worth it."
The Crime Stoppers Club, in its third year at Harker Heights High School, takes part in community service and promotes the school's anonymous police tips hotline, 254-423-2600.
Student's Pledge
I pledge to stay in school and learn the things that I need to know.
I pledge to make the world a better place for kids like me to grow.
I pledge to keep my dreams alive and be all that I can be.
I pledge to help other and to keep myself drug free.


text:
Ten Days In Chile
I went down to Chile with my brother, Klaas Voget and Victor Fernandez.
Having never been there before, I was excited to check out the waves and see if all the stories I had heard were true. In fact, Chile was even better than I had expected. We were there for 10 days and had 5 days of great windsurfing and then 5 days of unreal surfing. There were never more than about 5 other people on the water and normally it was just the four of us.
JC was there with us snapping up gold as usual, so the full story of one of my best ever windsurfing trips, shared with 2 of the best wave sailors in the world, Klaas and Victor, will be in the magazines before long.
If you can't wait for the full story to be released in magazines, you can check out a great video of the trip, along with heaps of other footage on Robby's website, HERE.
Robby Swift is sponsored by JP boards and NeilPryde sails.
PWA / Andrew Buchanan


text:
This is a little bit embarassing to admit, but I've been a local music supergroupie ever since I was in high school. I listened to Loudspeaker religiously and recorded all of the shows on my cassette deck so I would always have local music to listen to. In my senior year, my English teacher invited her friend Steve Poltz to come play for our class as he explored the history of music from the early 20th century to the present. I was already a fan from those cassette tapes, but seeing Steve live for the first time was a turning point in my life in many ways, and I was hooked on local music forever.
All of these years later, I carry a special fondness for Steve, not only because he's been a great friend and is such an amazing musician, but because of all of the charity and public good he's been involved with over the years. On Saturday, he'll be playing a special benefit at Mission Brewery in East Village. All proceeds benefit the Barking Lot, a haven where animals are rescued from shelters that would otherwise be eutanized. There's a solid lineup, and since it's Beer Week, why not save animals while having some cold local brews?
Saturday, Nov. 3 (San Diego Beer Week):
- Rock n Rollover, featuring Steve Poltz, Upstream, Christopher Dale, Paul Cannon Band, Makepeace Brothers @ Mission Brewery (benefit for the Barking Lot, 3-10 p.m., 21+, $35)
- The Village Hillcrest November Blues Fest, featuring John January and Friends (open blues jam), Clone Ponies, Stoney B Blues Band, Rogue Devilles, Charlie Rae @ The Village Hillcrest (5th Avenue, free, 2:30-9 p.m.)
- San Diego Brewers Guild Festival @ The Port Pavilion on Broadway Pier (VIP, 1-5 p.m., general admission 2-5 p.m., 21+, $35-$45 )
- Com Truise, Poolside, Bonde Do Role @ The Casbah
- Skyline Union, Little Brave (Austin), Manifold @ Eleven
- Ugly Boogie, MV & EE, Abe West, the Palominos @ Soda Bar
- River City, Boy King @ Bar Pink
- Katt Williams @ Viejas Arena at Aztec Bowl, SDSU
- The Friends of Zoofari Foundation Fundraiser, with Euphoria Brass Band, Old Tiger, Nena Anderson, Icebox @ Belly Up (2 p.m.)
- Audio Addiction, Strikes at One, Jon Goodhue, Reef Bound Sol @ 710 Beach Club
- Waka Flocka Flame @ 4th & B
- Poncho Sanchez @ Anthology ((7:30 p.m., 9:30 p.m.)
- Wayward Sons, Hott Thing @ Belly Up (9 p.m.)
- Spiral Out, Rage Again, Core, Smack This @ Brick By Brick
- Backtrack, Xibalba, Harness, Cold Stare, Halftime @ Ché Café
- Charles McNeal, Gilbert Catellanos, Joshua White, Rob Thorsen & Dan Schnelle @ Dizzy's (98 Bottles 2400 Kettner Blvd.)
- Boys & Girls Club: Poolside, Adam Salter, guests @ El Dorado
- Fetish, with DJ Ikon @ Fluxx
- Stoney B Blues @ House of Blues
- Justin Werner, Kyle McNeill, Trent Hancock @ Lestat's
- Mercedes Moore Band @ Marble Room
- Mad Traffic CD release, H.A. Perkins, Lucky Lonely, Christian Taylor & the Hollerin @ Ruby Room
- Christian Bautista @ Sycuan (7 p.m., 9:30 p.m.)
- Beats & Brushes, with Abjo, Winter Inter, Olibata, Dayfade, Wine, Mesko @ The Griffin
- JJCnV, the Last Years, the Loudmouths, Gloomsday @ The Tower Bar
- DJ Juliancito @ Til Two Club
- Zeke Productions present Moosejaw, Device, Uncle Bill @ Tin Can
- Roy Rapid, Sidewynders @ Tio Leo's
- Murphi Kennedy & Groundfloor @ U31
- Greensky Bluegrass @ Winstons
Rosemary Bystrak writes about the San Diego music scene, events and general musings about life in San Diego on San Diego: Dialed In. Follow her updates on Twitter or contact her directly.


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ACParadise Network: American Cosplay Paradise American Cosplay Experience American Cosplay Snapshots
Hi there! I'm still getting into cosplay, but I have many a costume planned. Maybe I'm one to keep your eye on? ^_^
Recent Updates
Newest Favorites
Newest Fans
Recent Comments
- kraek says, "Love the originality."
- For Princess Snow Kaguya from Sailor Moon S
- kiira_2008 says, "hey can i buy that tetra costume for halloween? :)"
- For Tetra from Legend of Zelda
- violet.anime says, "This cosplay is so pretty!"
- For Milfeulle Sakuraba from Galaxy Angel


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Xperia Z2 Specs and Hardware Detailed by Sony, Release Set for March
Information on the specs and hardware for the Sony Xperia Z2 was released by Sony at this year's Mobile World Congress press conference.
The device will come with a design close to its predecessor, however, it will feature improved software and hardware that will make it a good buy.
Specs on the device include a 5.2-inch Full HD Live Color LED Display with 1920 x 1080 resolution, a 2.3GHz quad-core Snapdragon 801 CPU, Adreno 330 GPU, 3GB RAM, 4K video capture, Digital noise canceling technology, 3200 mAh battery, a waterproof and dustproof body, 4G LTE support and Android 4.4 KitKat integrated with Sony features.
Sony promises that its noise cancelation technology will help reduce up to 98 percent of ambient noise when used with their compact in-ear MDR NC31EM Noise Canceling Headset.
The device also comes with some new software and camera features including Timeshift video, Creative effect, Background defocus, AR effect and Vine.
Timeshift video allows users to relive each moment of their video in slow motion and lets them shoot in 120 frames per second and select scenes to slow the playback speed for dramatic slow motion effects.
Creative effect lets users use a range of new creative effects for photos and videos. The adjustments let them enhance their clips with a range of effects such as colors, image trails, mirror and motion effects.
Background defocus simulates a shallow depth of field and can capture two photos at different focus settings and blend together the different depths which leads to a blurred out background for more professional-looking photos.
AR Effect allows users to use new augmented reality animations for their photos and videos and Vine lets them create short looping clips to be shared with a bigger audience.
Sony confirmed that the release date for the Xperia Z2 will be sometime in March.


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Driving And Drinking
Inside a truck in rural Utah, a pig farmer tells his young friend Turn right up there / and get off these pavements. What follows are cold beers and the monologue of a semiliterate man telling his heart s tale. The interweaving stories caustic, hilarious and heart-rending create one of the most haunting and accomplished poems of our time. Driving and Drinking takes about an hour to read. It will stay with you a lifetime.
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FAA suspends employee furloughs, bill held up by typosSat Apr 27, 2013
Colorado court rules smoking pot off the job can still get you firedThu Apr 25, 2013
Police ID five family members fatally shot in IllinoisThu Apr 25, 2013
Former Miami police spokesman lets his body do the talkingTue Apr 23, 2013
Americans head north for affordable college degreesWed Apr 24, 2013
TSA delays knives ruleMon Apr 22, 2013
No bunker-buster bomb in Israel's US arms dealMon Apr 22, 2013
Infrared police chopper images show Boston Marathon suspect hiding in boatSat Apr 20, 2013
Shots send crowd fleeing at massive Denver marijuana rallySat Apr 20, 2013
- Most Special And the drug dealers spray pot with nasty chemicals so idiot pot heads get higher and like their bad pot more. And they put it in gas tanks when they smugle it across the border and the gasoline gets on the drugs. So when you guys are smoking what you think is just pot its like a milli …
London Marathon security beefed up after Boston attacksSat Apr 20, 2013


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An organisation representing British-based former residents of Magdalene Laundries has welcomed confirmation the Taoiseach will meet with them in London on Saturday.
A spokesperson for the Irish Women's Survivors Support Network said they were delighted Enda Kenny was coming to meet them and allowing the women to have their say about their experience in the laundries.
The spokesperson said they looked forward to hearing what he had to say.
The group represents almost 500 former residents of industrial schools, orphanages and laundries, including up to 40 former Magdalene residents.
The meeting is to take place in the Irish Embassy in London.
It follows Mr Kenny's commitment in the Dáil yesterday to have more meetings with former residents at home and abroad before a Dáil debate on the McAleese Report next week.
The Taoiseach and Tánaiste Eamon Gilmore met members of an Irish-based support group in Government Buildings on Monday.


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US team for Worlds
No sprinters. What's happened to Jimmy Watkins? Retired?
Aw, man...
Why aren't there more men on the squad, funding issues?
Are the typical track guys training for road racing to pay the bills?
go beth go!
well I get that -but there are... seven women going?
I doubt they are paying their own way, maybe private sponsorships?
Two Athletes earned "level-2" funding: 1 male and 1 female Sprinter- Mansker and Godby
Quite a few more- about 3 per discipline earned "level 3" funding- which basically meant Pay-Your-Own -Way (buy your own ticket and pay USAC for the rest)
its my understanding that the Level 2 athletes did not get their funding- despite applying.
Anyone on that list could attend world cups with a Track Trade team- with no USAC funding
Sorta figured it was something like that.
Sad business for sure.
Perhaps we need to return to the model of pro road teams having a small track roster or even just one track rider on contract. This was the case with Gorski and 7-Eleven in the 80's, and maybe Vails was attached to the Raleigh pro team? That could work. If road teams could begin to see the benefit of this.
lots of road teams have trackies on them, great skillset for things like "winning races", but seems that mostly the trackies get hired for their crit/sprinting skills and then don't go back to the boards much.
Kiesse, Irvine & G. Bronzini are certainly exceptions to the rule.
A few others: get cut loose occasionally, (Swift, Morkøv, Viviani, Terpstra) but I think that is mostly for winter speedwork in specific events.
Still, with no Olympics this year I'd think the WC start lists would be a bit more fleshed out- I'm a bit surprised.
mmmm- this is making me think, be interesting to make a list of what Pro teams do/do not have an "occasional trackie"
***15' of "not focusing on my work later**
UHC (Irvine),
Wiggle (Bronzini),
OPQS (Terpstra & Kiesse),
Saxo (Morkøv, but rarely),
Cannondale (Viviani, but rarely),
Sky (Swift, but rarely),
Belkin (Bos & Brown, but rarely),
Movistar Eloy Teruel Rovira just left the team, but had the track-specialist role for a long time)
Greenedge (STACKS of ex-trackies, but no currently active ones)
Reading interviews from Bronzini, Terpstra, et al- it seems like track has become specific enough that it is pretty hard to go back and forth anymore.
There is no incentive for US road pros to race track. If there were an incentive program like: Win the national championship and you get a spot in the national team and we'll send you to Pan-Am, World Cup, World Championship, Olympics...", you best believe that the level of track racing in the US would rise several notches INSTANTLY.
So, that's rad.
Our local (endurance) woman who's going has said she's gotten full funding for the trip.
Funding Levels (from this doc: https://s3.amazonaws.com/USACWeb/for...n-Criteria.pdf)
With this in mind, USA Cycling will prioritize our selection of the UCI World cups as follows:
The Time Standard for Sprint/Kerin:
11.520 Flying 200M for Women
10.291 Flying 200M for Men
(cannot be at altitude)
You can see how GB and AUS are sending youngsters to these events now. The first World Cup after the Olympics they had several new names, youngsters, on their rosters. Presumably to do a long prep for Rio.
The World Cup qualifiers list went out- with funding levels.
im just not sure anyone got any of the funding they earned
I firmly believe that if we want to raise the level of track racing in the US (sprint, mass start, or endurance) we need to offer incentive. A jersey doesn't seem to be incentive enough to get pros or the very talented to want to (and be able to) participate.
|All times are GMT -6. The time now is 04:15 AM.


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This stove and its cooking pot with lid is made of recuperated 50 gal. oil drums. The fire box is manufactured out of concrete iron rods, cut and welded to measure. Two drums are needed to produce a complete stove. The stove, used for cooking in refugee camps, is particularly useful for washing linen in hospitals and dispensaries, as the alcaline washing liquid prevents rusting of the steel metal sheet. The draught is regulated by placing the stove's door at different heights.
Technical data
After boiling point, the cooking process continues down to 85°C. for at least one hour without additional wood.


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September 28, 2016
Karren Brady: This is what Sam Allardyce will be feeling after losing England job
"When you are England manager, you're not just a football manager, you're also someone who is very much public property.
"Therefore, wherever you are in your life when you're in the job, you are under a greater level of scrutiny than you have ever been and will ever be in before, and more than most people will ever encounter.
"So those are the challenges that come with the job…and it's about not putting yourself in that position so undercover things can occur."


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Mailinglist Archive: opensuse (1840 mails)
|< Previous
|Next >
Re: [opensuse] Installing Gnome after a KDE4 install
- From: Clayton <smaug42@xxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Fri, 4 Dec 2009 07:30:52 +0100
- Message-id: <e29967880912032230k6eb254b8j413d3303969ecbe7@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
How are you filtering the packages in Yast? If you choose "Patterns" for
the filter, you will find a section for Graphical Environments, and the
Gnome DE patterns below that.
Software Manager > RPM Groups > Metapackages > patterns-openSUSE-Gnome
There seemed to be no other logical way of ensuring I got a
full/default Gnome install since there is no One-Click for Gnome.
Picking some random Gnome package and crossing my fingers that the
rest of the default Gnome install is pulled with it as dependencies
seems like a really poor way of installing Gnome as a second DE.
I have both Gnome and KDE4 installed, but not
Which did you install first? Gnome or KDE4? If you installed KDE4
first, you will have patterns-openSUSE-kde4_pure installed. Once
you've got both, you won't have that package since it conflicts with
By the description, it is "installed if a
pattern is selected to have a working update path." The package contains
one file, '/usr/share/doc/packages/patterns-openSUSE/kde4_pure.txt.' I
don't know why Gnome wants to remove it, but KDE will run without it.
It appears to be meaningless... if it's not needed why is it selected
and installed with a default KDE4 install on 11.2? It's certainly
caught a number of people tinkering with 11.2. I've found several
Google hits on it while trying to figure out what it was and why it
needed to be removed.
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That guy is definitely NOT Tony Stark – far from it – but he was "born" around the same time that Tony Stark debuted. Comic book fans will know that Iron Man first came out in March of 1963 in Tales of Suspense #39, but not many may know about Hardiman, which General Electric created in the 60s.
Yup, that's the name of this exoskeletal structure, which was conceptualized as an outer mechanical garment that would enhance the power of the human wearing it. Hardiman (which cracks me up for some reason) had an amplification factor of 25 and was funded by the United States military (surprise!).
The diagrams below show the purpose they had in mind for Hardiman – to load bombs onto navy warplanes. ((Source: GE Reports))
Unfortunately, he didn't go beyond the prototype stage due to lack of stability, among other issues.
Another interesting "real" Iron Man creation is the XOS 2, which was shown off in September of this year. ((Source: CNN)) Created by Raytheon, XOS 2 has been called the "Most Awesomest Invention of 2010." It makes the man wearing the suit stronger by a factor of 17, but unlike Tony Stark's suit, it can't make you fly. It also does not protect the man from bullets and the like. Watch the video below to see the suit in action.
So who is the real Iron Man? Sorry guys, but it will always be RDJ as Tony Stark for me.


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FREE parking will be offered in Morpeth in the run-up to Christmas – and fresh moves are afoot to make it a permanent arrangement.
In a dramatic debate at County Hall last week, Northumberland County Council members voted 23-22 to waive parking charges in the week before Christmas to give a boost to market town traders. The Conservative motion was backed by the Labour group and will see free parking offered in Morpeth from next Tuesday to Christmas Eve.
Now Labour councillors are following up the victory with a new campaign and petition calling for parking charges to be scrapped permanently, unless town and parish councils specifically request them for their areas.
Group Leader Grant Davey said: "We think this is a simple matter of fairness and it's not political.
"Towns like Morpeth, Berwick and Hexham shouldn't be hit with what amounts to a stealth tax on motorists and soaked up by the county council to the tune of nearly £2million.
"At a time when businesses and customers are facing an unprecedented squeeze, we think the council should play fair with the whole county.
"We hope that residents and businesses will get behind our 'fair's fair' campaign, which sends a message to the Liberal Democrats, particularly the three councillors in Morpeth, that the town deserves a helping hand in tough times, not a kick in the teeth."
The group says the council has raked in more than £1.95million in fees and charges from car parks in the north and west towns, including Morpeth, while offering free parking in the south-east areas.
But Coun Davey said members are concerned that charges will be introduced to the likes of Blyth, Ashington and Cramlington in the Lib Dems' budget proposals.
County Executive Member for Corporate Resources and Morpeth councillor Andrew Tebbutt said there are no plans to introduce parking charges to south-east Northumberland. And he said the free countywide parking proposal would cost the authority up to £5million.
"Clearly there is an election coming up so I'm not surprised by this campaign," he said.
"The Labour group has always put forward budget proposals that I don't think are achievable. My constant position ever since the first proposal for free parking across Northumberland was put forward is that I think they will find that with the pressure on local government finance they will have to make some very hard decisions in relation to other services if they persist with this. I think they will find that those cuts are unacceptable.
"The Liberal Democrat position is that car-parking charges are primarily about traffic congestion, they are not about income raising, but the service has to be funded. If we had free parking we would need more staff because the pressure on congestion will be greater. I suspect that we may be talking about finding £3.5million, but it could be as much as £5million.
"This proposal goes against the trend in the rest of the country where they are increasing charges in car parks because they know that is the only way they can fund good car parks."
Coun Tebbutt added: "We are not putting charges into south-east Northumberland, that is a load of rubbish. The Labour group does not know what our budget proposals are, but we are certainly not proposing car-parking charges in south-east Northumberland because it is not viable to do so.
"The economies of Blyth and Ashington are the worst of all the key settlements in Northumberland. I would be delighted to see them creating sufficient traffic congestion that charges could be justified, but I don't think we will see it in the current climate."
The county's Conservatives have already proposed free parking for all of Northumberland's residents.
The Morpeth and District Chamber of Trade has welcomed the latest campaign for permanent free parking.
Chairman John Beynon said: "It is good news. I think everybody apart from the Liberal Democrats seems to recognise that parking charges do affect trade in the towns and it is unfair on the towns that do have car parking charges, such as Morpeth.
"The Liberal Democrats keep saying it doesn't affect businesses. I don't know how they know that because they don't ask the traders.
"We are a non-political organisation, but we are supporting the Conservatives on their initiatives with car parking and the traffic lights, and any other political group that comes along with a proposal for free car parking we would support."
Mr Beynon also spoke of his delight that parking charges will be dropped for the week before Christmas, especially as the chamber has been given assurances that time limits and other restrictions will still be enforced.
"It was a surprise to get this because we have never been given free parking for Christmas before, but anything that can help the traders is great," he said. "We have written to the Parking Manager Lynne Ryan to say we hope that policing of parking will still be going on in the car parks to make sure that time limits are applied. We have been told that parking will be free, but the time limits will still apply. Our worry was that parking officers would be pulled out of the towns, but we have been assured they won't be.
"I know the Lib Dems say this will cause chaos, but they can hardly say that when we have the Telford Bridge traffic lights causing as much chaos every day. It will be the lights rather than the car parks that cause chaos."
The free Christmas parking offer was proposed by the Conservatives at a meeting of the council last Wednesday.
Conservative Group Leader Peter Jackson said: "One week of free parking ahead of Christmas will be a welcome festive boost for residents and businesses in Morpeth.
"In a world of internet shopping and free parking at out-of-town shopping centres, it is out of touch to expect people to pay for the privilege of parking to shop in our towns.
"Our proposal for free parking at Christmas has been warmly received by local traders, many of whom are now planning special promotions in order to make the most of the extra trade they expect free parking will attract.
"It is hard to understand how the Lib Dems could be so ungenerous as to oppose this and so arrogant as to tell our traders and residents that they are wrong to want free parking. We have got free parking for one week in the year, now we need free parking for residents all year round."
The council's Liberal Democrats have hit out at the Labour group for supporting the initiative after Coun Davey previously said it was ill-judged, too late and not thought out.
Coun Tebbutt said: "I am very disappointed with the attitude Labour has shown. They had initially planned to vote against this motion for sound reasons, but have completely contradicted themselves and decided to back the Conservatives' ridiculous plan because it is more politically expedient.
"Now that the council has passed this policy we will have to find £40,000 from somewhere within our budget to fund it. I'd be interested to know what Labour and the Conservatives would like to cut to pay for this."
A spokesman for the Labour group said: "Labour put forward a fully-costed motion seeking to introduce free parking last year and it was defeated. The Conservative motion introducing one week's free parking didn't go far enough, but we felt it was a start."


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Bills report card: Pressure from pass defense pays dividends
C.J. Spiller bounced back from a frustrating season debut to post numbers we grew accustomed to last year: 103 yards and a 6.4-yard average. Fred Jackson ran 12 times for just 30 yards, but he punched in a 4-yard touchdown in the third quarter. The Bills netted 149 rushing yards and didn't commit any turnovers while running. But Spiller was tackled for losses three times, Jackson once.
EJ Manuel posted some wonderful numbers. He was 27 of 39 for 296 yards. He completed six of his eight throws for 51 yards and the winning touchdown on that clutch drive. But he did throw an interception, had another one wiped out by a penalty and fumbled while back to pass. Stevie Johnson had 111 yards and a TD. Robert Woods averaged 17 yards on four catches.
A week after allowing 158 rushing yards on 4.5 yards per carry, the Bills were less forgiving. DeAngelo Williams averaged 3.9 yards a carry, and that was despite a 21-yard run. Half of Williams' 22 runs were for 2 yards or less. He was tackled for a yard or less nine times. But late in the game, Carolina took over on its 20-yard line and ran 10 straight times for 44 yards, picking up three first downs and draining the clock – just not enough.
Mario Williams had a club-record 4.5 sacks, sharing one with Marcell Dareus. Take away those losses, and Carolina netted just 183 yards passing, 4.2 yards per attempt. Buffalo recorded nine QB hits and broke up seven passes. Rookie linebacker Kiko Alonso snagged his first career interception. But on the final drive of the first half, Cam Newton completed eight of nine throws for 75 yards and a touchdown (with a defensive holding call).
Dan Carpenter missed a 42-yard field-goal attempt on the Bills' opening possession. But Doug Marrone stuck with him. The Bills tried a 55-yarder that was good. Carpenter later made kicks from 20 yards and 48 yards. Panthers kick returner Ted Ginn had some nice attempts, but Marcus Easley dropped him at the 10-yard line with a fantastic tackle late in the third quarter.
Not all coaches would try a two-point conversion in the third quarter. It worked. So did sticking with Carpenter for a long try after an ugly miss. Buffalo cleaned up its penalties – sort of. The first flag wasn't until the second quarter. But Buffalo was flagged eight times (seven accepted) for 55 yards. The costliest pair: Frank Summers defensive holding on a fourth-and-18 punt; Aaron Williams unnecessary roughness on a third-and-12 incomplete pass. Both became Carolina first downs.
If not for fullback Mike Tolbert effectively grinding time late in the fourth quarter, Carolina's rushing attack would've been virtually irrelevant. In an attempt to stimulate something, Carolina tried direct-snap plays to DeAngelo Williams. That was about as creative as things got. And it didn't do much.
Newton is a stud, and if not for his brute strength and sleek mobility, Mario Williams would've notched about six sacks. Newton completed 21 of his 38 throws for 229 yards and two touchdowns, including a sensational 40-yard missile to Ted Ginn in the end zone. But Newton threw a bad interception on the opening drive, and the Panthers lost 46 yards on sacks.
The Panthers swarmed Spiller and Jackson at times, throwing them for losses of 16 yards. They had Spiller reversing course multiple times on a 9-yard loss. But the Panthers struggled to corral the Bills in general.
This one is being graded on a curve. The Panthers were valiant here. They entered the game with injuries in the secondary and picked up several more. University at Buffalo cornerback Josh Thomas started but left with a concussion in the second quarter. Backup cornerback Josh Norman missed some time late. Safeties Charles Godfrey and Quintin Mikell were hurt in the second half. Panthers linebacker Luke Kuechly was guarding Stevie Johnson on some plays.
Former Bills special-teams coordinator Bruce DeHaven is the Panthers' assistant now. He left Orchard Park probably feeling like he did his job. Graham Gano made three field goals in the fourth quarter, two when the Panthers couldn't convert short-field turnovers into touchdowns. Brad Nortman punted well, netting 43.6 yards with hang time. Ginn averaged 26.7 yards on three kickoff returns.
Ron Rivera had a game to forget. Late in the first half, he challenged a Woods catch along the sideline, claiming Woods stepped out of bounds before the grab. Rivera has to know that even if Woods did touch the sideline, there are no guarantees a camera will have a definitive shot of that. Debatable was his decision to kick a field goal for a six-point lead rather than go for it on fourth-and-1 from the Bills' 21-yard line with 1:42 to play.