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Reading the complaints on this site I was surprised. I have been a subscriber for many years now and I have always had a good experience. Friends always get their cards and they are very pleased. I just signed up for another two years. The cards are beautiful and the classical music is lovely. I also like the orginal music. I can understand complaints about customer service if you have a bad experience. But don't understand the complaints about the artwork, music or speed of the animation. These are beautiful, artistic and witty cards.....if you want flashy, find another ecard site. Also great for pet lovers, too. My pet lover friends love them. I have never had any problem with this site. I would say give it a try. Also, you can put in email addresses, save birthdays, etc so I would take the time to put all these in when you join. Maybe try a short term (day) subscription before you buy. I love these cards and the site. Advent Calendar for 2011 worked great for me. They are witty and fun. However, it helps if you know a little about English Christmas customs, or some Christmas carols - or just about Christmas in general to appreicate their sweetness and gentle humor. I have added my own text to customize them for religious holidays and this works for me. And after all, an Advent Calendar IS about Christmas....duh......
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Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões
versão impressa ISSN 0100-6991
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir. vol.38 no.6 Rio de Janeiro nov./dez. 2011
Role of plastic surgery on the treatment complex wounds
Pedro Soler Coltro, ACBC-SPI; Marcus Castro Ferreira, ECBC-SPII; Bernardo Pinheiro de Senna Nogueira BatistaIII; Hugo Alberto NakamotoI; Dimas André MilcheskiIV; Paulo Tuma JúniorIV
Physician, Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, USP-SP-BR
IIProfessor, Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, USP-SP-BR
IIIPreceptor, Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine of USP-SP-BR
IVPhD, Assistant Physician, Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine of USP-SP-BR
To report the performance of plastic surgery in the treatment of complex wounds
in a tertiary hospital, analyzing its characteristics, types of injuries and
approaches adopted, with emphasis on surgical treatment.
METHODS: Was conducted a etrospective analysis of patients with complex wounds treated by plastic surgery in a tertiary hospital in a period of five years (2006 to 2010). Data collection was obtained from visits made, serial assessments and records of the medical charts.
RESULTS: There were 1927 patients treated (32 queries / month), mean age 46.3 years, predominantly male (62%). The surgical specialties requested 1076 consultations (56%), and the clinical, 851 (44%). The distribution by type of wound showed predominance of pressure ulcers (635/33%), traumatic wounds (570/30%), complicated surgical wounds (305/16%) and necrotizing wounds (196/10%), with the remainder represented by vasculitis (83 / 4%), venous ulcers (79 / 4%), diabetes (41 / 2%) and post-radiation (18 / 1%). The treatment was surgical in 1382 patients (72%) and non-operative in 545 cases (28%). There were 3029 operations, predominantly debridement (1988/65%) and skin grafting (619/21%) associated or not with negative pressure therapy (vacuum), followed by pedicle flaps (237 / 8 %), digital reimplantation (81 / 3%), microsurgical flaps (66 / 2%) and other (38 / 1%).
CONCLUSION: The plastic surgeon played an important role in the treatment of complex wounds by adopting early surgical treatment, contributing to the effective healing of cases.
Key words: Patients. Wounds and injuries. Surgical procedures, operative. Surgery, plastic. Skin transplantation.
The treatment of wounds is probably one of the oldest areas of medicine. Archaeological evidence indicates that even in prehistoric times extracts of plants, fruits, mud, water and ice were applied to wounds. The ancient Egyptians used cloth strips to keep the borders of the lesion together, as they believed that a closed wound healed more quickly than an open one.
In the IV b.C. Hippocrates advised the treatment of wounds, "Melt the fat an old pig and a mix it with resin and bitumen, spread on a piece of old clothing, heat it in the fire, apply it as a bandage"1,2 . Ambroise Pare, in the sixteenth century, introduced the need for debridement, approximation of the edges and dressings. Lister, in the nineteenth century, developed the concept of antisepsis of the skin and surgical supplies, contributing to the healing of wounds1,2.
Wound is defined as the loss of skin coverage, not just the skin but also subcutaneous tissues, muscles and bones. Wounds can be conceptualized as "breaks of the solution continuity of the structures of the body" or as a "disruption of normal structure and function of tissues." They can be caused by trauma that originate inside or outside the affected tissue and vary from an acute and controlled injury to a generalized aggression3.
With increased life expectancy of the population, there is increasing incidence of diseases that accompany aging (heart disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension). Such conditions increase the prevalence and complexity of the wounds and delay its healing4. Trauma is today the leading cause of preventable death and affects primarily the economically active adults, with great social impact. This also contributes to the emergence of serious wounds, with complicated and prolonged treatment.
The increasing longevity and prevalence of trauma victims in hospitals, raising the frequency of so-called "difficult" wounds, has attracted the attention not only of doctors and nurses, but also health care administrators, concerned about the impact of costs of treating these conditions. At the hospital, the care of these patients is generally associated with prolonged hospitalization time, use of expensive antibiotics and need for daily dressings, with mobilization of a large team of specialized professionals4,5.
Traumatic wounds are caused by severe trauma, resulting in lesions with extensive skin loss and damage to the tissue viability, as detaching injuries in lower limbs, amputation of limbs and fingers, as well as bruises, lacerations and large crushes, with exposition of noble tissue6-9. The most extensive and deep burns can be considered complex wounds, but traditionally they are separated and treated in specialized centers.
Surgical wounds are complicated due to the dehiscence of previous surgery incisions, usually associated with infection or tissue ischemia, and aggravated by the patients' clinical status4-6. The necrotizing wounds present with aggressive infection of the tissues, with spread to the deep layers and tissue necrosis, as in severe cellulitis and Fournier syndrome, found mainly in patients with immunosuppression or chronic disease10,11.
Among the chronic wounds, there are the pressure ulcers, which develop due to prolonged tissue ischemia caused by sustained pressure of the soft tissues between a bony prominence and a hard surface. They occur in patients bedridden for long periods, paraplegics and quadriplegics12,13. Lower limb venous ulcers represent a complication of chronic venous insufficiency14,15. Diabetic wounds occur most commonly in the lower extremities and are due to neuropathy and macro- and microangiopathy that diabetes causes, associated with the defective healing process16,17.
Wounds associated with vasculitis arise with the onset of inflammation of blood vessels or immunosuppression, occurring in various diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, scleroderma, dermatomyositis and sickle cell anemia18.19. Post-radiation wounds manifest as radiodermatitis or necrosis and are sequelae of radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer20,21.
The objective of this study is to report the performance of plastic surgery in the treatment of complex wounds in a tertiary hospital, analyzing its characteristics, types of injuries and approaches adopted, with emphasis on surgical treatment.
Was performed a retrospective analysis of patients with complex wounds treated by the Plastic Surgery HCFMUSP through consultations requested by all the clinics of this hospital and the emergency room in a five-year period, between January 2006 and December 2010. As inclusion criteria, the patient had to be admitted to a ward or the emergency room. Was excluded patients treated in outpatient clinics.
The study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Analysis of Research Projects of the Hospital of the Medical School of USP (HCFMUSP), registered under number 0719/08.
The principles governing the conduct of research involving humans have been properly followed, according to the Resolution of the National Health Council 196/96.
Was consider a wound complex when it was difficult to solve and it was associated with one or more of the following: extensive skin loss, aggressive infection, impaired tissue viability (presence of ischemia and / or necrosis) and association with systemic diseases that affect the normal processes of healing (diabetes, vascular disorders, vasculitis)4,5. Based on these criteria, in 2006, Ferreira et al. proposed a second classification of complex wounds etiology, dividing them in4: traumatic wounds (including burns); complicated surgical wounds; necrotizing wounds; pressure ulcers; venous ulcers; diabetic wounds; vasculitis wounds; and post -radiation wounds.
The first three are generally seen in the acute phase, and the rest are considered chronic for not spontaneously healing in a period of three weeks. In this study, we adopted the aforementioned classification for complex wounds.
Data collection was obtained from the team of Plastic Surgery, through the care provided, the serial assessments in a specific form and also by analyzing medical records.
The studied data of each patient were age, sex, specialty that originated the request for consultation and the clinic where the patient was hospitalized. Data of complex wounds included their classification, the adopted strategy and operations performed.
As for the origin of the request for consultation, patients were distributed among those of medical and surgical specialties. The clinic of origin refers to where the patient was at the time of the first evaluation of Plastic Surgery, being in a ward, emergency room or intensive care unit (ICU).
With regard to the adopted strategy, the complex wounds were divided into those undergoing conservative or surgical treatment. A conservative approach was adopted in patients without clinical conditions to undergo surgery, in small and superficial wounds and in those in early stages of development. Conservative therapy included the use of dressings (activated carbon, hydrocolloid, silver sulfadiazine), topical debriding (papain, collagenase, calcium alginate, hydrogel), emollients and socio-educational measures (cleaning the wound site and change in lifestyle).
Surgical treatment was indicated for extensive and / or deep wounds, with an exposition of noble tissue, related to support bone surfaces, associated with severe systemic diseases or infections and in cases of digital amputation. Surgical procedures were grouped into surgical debridement and skin grafts, isolated or associated with negative pressure therapy (vacuum system), pedicle flaps or microsurgical flaps, and digital reimplantation.
Within five years of this study (2006-2010), 1927 patients were treated with complex wounds. The average attendance for the period was 32 appointments a months, more than one per day. The average patient age was 46.3 years, ranging from two days to 103 years. There was predominance of the group aged between 40 and 59 years. The age distribution of patients is shown in table 1.
As for gender, there was male predominance (1187 patients - 62%) over females (740 patients - 38%); 1076 patients came from surgical specialties (56%) and 851 from clinical ones (44%), as seen in table 2. The locations of the first evaluation of Plastic Surgery are shown in table 3.
The distribution of the type of complex wound of the 1927 patients is shown in table 4. There was predominance of surgical treatment (1382 patients - 72%) when compared to conservative one (545 patients - 28%).
In 1382 patients undergoing surgical treatment, 3,029 surgeries were performed, with an average of 2.2 surgeries per patient, distributed as seen in table 5. Both surgical debridement and skin grafts were associated with the use of negative pressure therapy, which was applied in 907 patients, i.e., 47% of the patients used the vacuum system at some time during treatment.
Among the pedicled flaps, the most used were the local advancement, rotation, and transposition flaps and rhomboid, muscle flaps (rectus abdominis, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, gluteus maximus, tensor fascia lata, gastrocnemius, soleus, gracilis and trapezius), fasciocutaneous flaps (groin, posterior thigh, front, scalp) and perforating flaps. With regard to microsurgical flaps, the most accomplished were the anterolateral thigh, rectus abdominis, latissimus dorsi, lateral arm and omentum.
Postoperatively, patients were followed for an average period of 122 days, either during hospitalization or in outpatient care. In the 1382 operated patients there were 128 greater post-surgical complications (7%), listed in table 6. Due to the severity of patients, there were 119 deaths (6%) during the study period.
The analysis of 1927 patients admitted to the HCFMUSP with the diagnosis of complex wounds and attended by the Department of Plastic Surgery in the period from 2006 to 2010 demonstrated the high prevalence and extent of the wounds in this referral hospital.
Most patients were in age group of the economically active population (55% of them were aged between 20 and 59 years). Besides causing a significant social impact, the presence of wounds directly affects productive capacity, as these individuals were away from their work activities for their treatment. Many of them progressed to chronic sequelae, with functional limitation, temporarily or permanently preventing the return to work22.23.
There was a predominance of complex wounds in male patients (62%), which can be explained by the higher incidence of trauma in men and higher health care traditionally given to women.
Regarding the medical specialty that requested the evaluation, was noted that almost all of them - medical and surgical - were represented, demonstrating knowledge of the care provided by the Plastic Surgery and the advantages of this treatment, such as greater healing. It was a surprise verifying the embrace of wounds in beds of those various specialties. In addition, the treatment of wounds, especially surgical, is not a traditional part of the therapeutic armamentarium of most specialties.
In 2006, Ferreira et al. proposed the definition and classification of complex wounds based mainly on the etiology4. According to this classification, the distribution of complex wounds in the present study revealed the prevalence of four types: pressure ulcers (33%), traumatic wounds (30%), complicated surgical wounds (16%) and necrotizing wounds (10 %), reflecting the severity of patients seen at HCFMUSP, a tertiary care hospital, reference for severe cases and trauma.
In smaller numbers, other types of complex wounds, such as venous ulcers (4%), injured by vasculitis (4%), diabetic wounds (2%) and post-radiation injuries (1%), were seen. Although quite common in the population, venous and diabetic ulcers of the lower limbs had lower contribution, since they are usually treated on an outpatient basis, excluded from this study. Nevertheless, they have benefited from the latest surgical procedures4,17,24. Post-radiation wounds decreased with improvements in radiotherapy equipment and its indications, but they still occur. In HCFMUSP, they have been treated separately in oncology centers, and currently the Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), linked to FMUSP.
The prevalence of surgical treatment (72%) resulted from the introduction by the Department of Plastic Surgery of the pioneer idea proposing surgery, especially earlier than usual, in the treatment of wounds4,13,17,24. With the combination of earlier and aggressive surgical debridement, the use of negative pressure therapy (vacuum system) in many cases (907 patients - 47%) and plastic surgery procedures such as skin grafts and flaps, we accomplished the effective healing of wounds. As a consequence, a reduction of treatment costs, which is very interesting for managers of health facilities and hospital administrators4,22-24.
In the 1382 patients undergoing surgical treatment, there were 3029 surgeries. In most of them (86%), the procedures were of medium complexity, represented by surgical debridement (65%) and skin grafts (21%), associated or not with negative pressure therapy. These operations must be performed by plastic surgeons. Pedicle flaps accounted for 8% of the operations and may be considered more complex and, in smaller numbers, it took highly complex procedures (5%), which require prior training in microsurgery, microsurgical flaps (2%) and digital replantation (3%).
The data obtained in this study bring us a current overview of the demographics of patients with complex wounds in a tertiary hospital, their characteristics, types of injuries and procedures adopted. Importantly, many of these patients had no serious illnesses or needed intensive care and could be treated with plastic surgery procedures available to hospitals at a secondary level.
In order to better study the patients with wounds, to offer a specialized, multidisciplinary treatment and to evaluate the benefits of surgical treatment, the Wounds Group was instituted in 2003, initially at the Central Institute, and then extending to the whole complex the HCFMUSP, coordinated by the Department of Plastic Surgery. This group has acted in order to know the prevalence of complex wounds, to study the therapeutic options to treat them, the types of dressings, surgical procedures and technologies currently available, such as negative pressure therapy (vacuum system)4,25,26.
We have proven that the most complex wounds should be treated with surgical procedures, because if taken care of only clinically or conservatively, their healing will take months. In addition, surgical debridement, skin grafts and flaps should be given earlier than it has been usually done in order to increase and accelerate the healing. The plastic surgeon should be involved in groups that treat these wounds from the beginning, be they medical or nursing groups. The authors believe that the rapid healing of complex wounds reduces hospital stay and therefore treatment costs4,22,24,27,28.
Currently, we can see some difficulties in relation to the treatment of wounds. Besides the little integration between the various specialties that treat these conditions, another difficulty is related to the lack of government regulation, since there are no public policies that set targets for their control, prevention or to guide treatment as indicated. Due to its high prevalence in hospitals and clinics in general, wounds can be considered a serious public health problem.
There are numerous treatment methods that lack scientific evidence. Many behaviors are based on empiricism or in small clinical series. There are no parameters for most appropriate evaluation of the results and possible comparisons between therapies. In this work we only showed that the early surgical treatment was effective for the healing of wounds. We did, however, no comparative studies.
The HCFMUSP Complex Wound Group can serve as a model for creating other similar groups, coordinated by plastic surgeons, in secondary and tertiary levels hospitals. In Europe and the United States there are already centers independent and specialized in treating wounds, more effective in achieving prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of patients. These centers would have a multidisciplinary approach and could be deployed both in developed and in developing countries29,30.
In conclusion, the plastic surgeon demonstrated to play an important role in the treatment of complex wounds by adopting early surgical treatment, contributing to the effective healing of cases.
1. Forrest RD. Early history of wound treatment. J R Soc Med 1982;75(3):198-205. [ Links ]
2. Lionelli GT, Lawrence WT. Wound dressings. Surg Clin North Am 2003;83(3):617-38. [ Links ]
3. Morris JP, Wood WC, Chery GW, Hughes MA, Leaper DJ, Ferguson MWJ. Wound healing. In: Morris PJ, Wood WC, editors. Oxford textbook of surgery. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2001. p.129-59. [ Links ]
4. Ferreira MC, Tuma P Jr, Carvalho VF, Kamamoto F. Complex wounds. Clinics 2006; 61(6):571-8. [ Links ]
5. Harding KG, Morris HL, Patel GK. Science, medicine and future: healing chronic wounds. BMJ 2002;324(7330):160-3. [ Links ]
6. Lee K, Hansen SL. Management of acute wounds. Surg Clin North Am. 2009;89(3):659-76. [ Links ]
7. Edlich RF, Rodeheaver GT, Thacker JG, Lin KY, Drake DB, Mason SS, et al. Revolutionary advances in the management of traumatic wounds in the emergency department during the last 40 years: part I. J Emerg Med 2010;38(1):40-50. [ Links ]
8. Edlich RF, Rodeheaver GT, Thacker JG, Lin KY, Drake DB, Mason SS, et al. Revolutionary advances in the management of traumatic wounds in the emergency department during the last 40 years: part II. J Emerg Med 2010;38(2):201-7. [ Links ]
9. Schlatterer D, Hirshorn K. Negative pressure wound therapy with reticulated open cell foam-adjunctive treatment in the management of traumatic wounds of the leg: a review of the literature. J Orthop Trauma 2008;22(10 Suppl):S152-60. [ Links ]
10. Norton KS, Johnson LW, Perry T, Perry KH, Sehon JK, Zibari GB. Management of Fournier's gangrene: an eleven year retrospective analysis of early recognition, diagnosis, and treatment. Am Surg 2002;68(8):709-13. [ Links ]
11. Ozturk E, Ozguc H, Yilmazlar T. The use of vacuum assisted closure therapy in the management of Fournier's gangrene. Am J Surg 2009;197(5):660-5. [ Links ]
12. Cullum N, Nelson EA, Nixon J. Pressure ulcers. Clin Evid 2006;(15):2592-606. [ Links ]
13. Costa MP, Sturtz G, Costa FPP, Ferreira MC, Barros Filho TP. Epidemiologia e tratamento das úlceras de pressão: experiência de 77 casos. Acta ortop bras 2005; 13(3):124-33. [ Links ]
14. Vowden KR, Vowden P. Preventing venous ulcer recurrence: a review. Int Wound J 2006;3(1):11-21. [ Links ]
15. Steed DL, Hill DP, Woodske ME, Payne WG, Robson MC. Wound-healing trajectories as outcome measures of venous stasis ulcer treatment. Int Wound J 2006;3(1):40-7. [ Links ]
16. Cavanagh PR, Lipsky BA, Bradbury AW, Botek G. Treatment for diabetic foot ulcers. Lancet 2005;366(9498):1725-35. [ Links ]
17. Ferreira MC, Carvalho VF, Kamamoto F, Tuma P Jr, Paggiaro AO. Negative pressure therapy (vacuum) for wound bed preparation among diabetic patients: case series. Sao Paulo Med J 2009;127(3):166-70. [ Links ]
18. Coelho S, Amarelo M, Ryan S, Reddy M, Sibbald RG. Rheumatoid arthritis-associated inflammatory leg ulcers: a new treatment for recalcitrant wounds. Int Wound J 2004; 1(1):81-4. [ Links ]
19. Hafner J, Schneider E, Burg G, Cassina PC. Management of leg ulcers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic sclerosis: the importance of concomitant arterial and venous disease. J Vasc Surg 2000;32(2):322-9. [ Links ]
20. Olascoaga A, Vilar-Compte D, Poitevin-Chacón A, Contreras-Ruiz J. Wound healing in radiated skin: pathophysiology and treatment options. Int Wound J 2008;5(2):246-57. [ Links ]
21. Devalia HL, Mansfield L. Radiotherapy and wound healing. Int Wound J 2008;5(1):40-4. [ Links ]
22. Myers WT, Leong M, Phillips LG. Optimizing the patient for surgical treatment of the wound. Clin Plast Surg 2007;34(4):607-20. [ Links ]
23. Gottrup F. Optimizing wound treatment through health care structuring and professional education. Wound Repair Regen 2004;12(2):129-33. [ Links ]
24. Wada A, Ferreira MC, Tuma Júnior P, Arrunátegui G. Experience with local negative pressure (vacuum method) in the treatment of complex wounds. Sao Paulo Med J 2006;124(3):150-3. [ Links ]
25. Argenta LC, Morykwas MJ. Vacuum-assisted closure: a new method for wound control and treatment: clinical experience. Ann Plast Surg 1997;38(6):563-76; discussion 577. [ Links ]
26. Argenta LC, Morykwas MJ, Marks MW, DeFranzo AJ, Molnar JA, David LR. Vacuum-assisted closure: state of clinic art. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;117(7 Suppl):127S-42S. [ Links ]
27. Attinger CE, Janis JE, Steinberg J, Schwartz J, Al-Attar A, Couch K. Clinical approach to wounds: débridement and wound bed preparation including the use of dressings and wound-healing adjuvants. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;117(7 Suppl):72S-109S. [ Links ]
28. Mustoe TA, O'Shaughnessy K, Kloeters O. Chronic wound pathogenesis and current treatment strategies: a unifying hypothesis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;117(7 Suppl): 35S-41S. [ Links ]
29. Gottrup F. A specialized wound-healing center concept: importance of a multidisciplinary department structure and surgical treatment facilities in the treatment of chronic wounds. Am J Surg 2004;187(5A):38S-43S. [ Links ]
30. Sholar AD, Wong LK, Culpepper JW, Sargent LA. The specialized wound care center: a 7-year experience at a tertiary care hospital. Ann Plast Surg 2007;58(3):279-84. [ Links ]
Correspondence Address: Received on 27/01/2011 Work performed
at the Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São
Paulo (USP) - São Paulo - Brazil.
Pedro Soler Coltro
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Accepted for publication 30/03/2011
Conflict of interest: none
Source of funding: none
Correspondence Address:
Received on 27/01/2011
Work performed at the Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (USP) - São Paulo - Brazil.

subset: commoncrawl


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With most of the world's top hockey players to choose from, there was little chance of Hockey Canada's selection committee making a mistake when the 12 experts in the national game sat together to pick the inaugural class of five for the Order of Hockey in Canada on Tuesday morning.
The only problem, selection committee chairman Jim Treliving told Hockey Canada president Bob Nicholson, "is that deciding is tough. You challenged us, and it's tough."
Tough enough that the first selections are debatable – but never wrong. You can't go wrong with the first selection of Jean Béliveau, who won 10 Stanley Cups with the Montreal Canadiens and scored 1,219 career points in the NHL; or with Cassie Campbell-Pascall, who was captain of the women's national team and winner of two Olympic gold medals and six world championships; or Mr. Hockey and Mr. Elbows, Gordie Howe, who was in the top five of scoring for 20 consecutive NHL seasons and won the Hart Trophy six times as the most valuable player; or Wayne Gretzky, a scorer of a record 2,857 NHL points and the first-place winning executive director of Team Canada at the 2004 World Cup and 2002 Olympics; or Gordon Renwick, who built hockey from the grassroots as an Allan Cup winner, president of Canadian amateur hockey, organizer of a national midget tournament and 12-year president of the International Ice Hockey Federation.
They will be formally inducted with a ring, a specially-designed award and lapel insignia on June 25 at the Hockey Canada Foundation gala in Toronto. They may eventually be enshrined in a Hockey Canada Hall of Fame, when it's designed.
The selectors could have just as easily taken other icons – Bobby Orr, Bobby Hull, Maurice Richard, Angela James and Hayley Wickenheiser – as leaders of the national game. But Nicholson cited bylaws that stipulated service to the hockey community, building of the game in Canada – and that nominees need to be alive.
"This probably should have happened 20 years ago," Nicholson said at the Hockey Hall of Fame here.
"There were a number of great candidates who really spread out across the game," Nicholson said. "For the very first year we allowed five inductees, but the bylaws and regulations say it will be a maximum of three in years to come."
Nicholson said it is important to have Canadians who contribute at all levels – from minor and junior hockey to women's hockey to university hockey to professionals – selected to the order.
"We don't want just great players but players who have great careers and continue to contribute to the game. The grassroots side of the game is huge. … We're not trying to compete against the Hockey Hall of Fame – who are partners in this – but this is about celebrating the game at all levels.
"We've looked at the United States, who have done a great job with the Lester Patrick Award … and Canadians haven't celebrated all the things they've done successfully in hockey. We want to make sure Canadian boys and girls have heroes to look up to."Report Typo/Error
Follow us on Twitter: @Globe_Sports


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The Samsung Nexus S has landed in Singapore. If you didn't have the chance to purchase online in December last year, well, the good news is that you don't have to look for it online. The phone is available at all mobile phone retailers here. We at VR-Zone managed to get one in for this review.
In early 2010, Google caught everyone by surprise when it announced its own branded Nexus One Android smartphone. Dubbed "the Google phone", the Nexus One was manufactured by Taiwanese company HTC and was preloaded with Android 2.1 (Eclair) mobile operating system. To date, the smartphone has received updates to the latest Android 2.3 Gingerbread.
While Google had said that it will not come up with another smartphone, the search engine giant launched the Nexus S, the successor to the Nexus One, in December 2010. Manufactured by Samsung, the Google Nexus S features the latest Android 2.3 Gingerbread and it was available for online purchase in US and UK. No luck for those of us here in Singapore then.
Thankfully, in mid March, Samsung officially announced that the Nexus S is selling here. However, note that it is called the Samsung Nexus S rather than Google Nexus S and there's a slight difference: the Samsung Nexus S uses the Super LCD screen, while the Google Nexus S is equipped with Super AMOLED.
For those into the full specifications, here you go:-
|Samsung Nexus S
|1GHz Samsung Hummingbird S5PC110
|Internal phone: 512MB
|16GB internal
|4-inches (WVGA) Super LCD
|800 x 480
|Display Resolution
|5-MP camera w/ auto focus, LED flash
|3.5mm audio, micro-USB, 802.11b/g/n
|Bluetooth 2.1+EDR, A-GPS
|Expansion Slot
|Battery life
|1500mAh rechargeable Lithium-ion
|Talk time
|Up to 427 hour standby time;
|Up to 402 min talk time
|Android 2.3 Gingerbread
|123.9 x 63 x 10.8mm


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March 4, 2010
|9:00 am - 2:00 pm
|Midwestern University, Glendale Campus
Midwestern University
|Registration Form
The Health Sciences Career Day for high school students is an opportunity for teachers to bring their students to campus and explore a variety of health careers.
Featured careers include:
Free lunch will be provided for all students and teachers.
All classes must stay together and be accompanied by a teacher. Event space will be limited, so please register early. Some labs may be limited to 20-25 students.
The deadline for registration is February 15, 2010.
The Health Science Career Day is sponsored by Midwestern University and Wells Fargo.


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This place is a must go if you have any type of hobby. This place has all the arts and crafts you could ever need or want. The people there are alway friendly and willing to ass...
All reviews seem positive
Premium Craft Supplies, Fabric and Décor
Joann Fabrics in Fremont has everything you need for your craft, sewing and home decorating projects. With exclusive fabrics, seasonal favorites and amazing deals, Joann has it all.
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TV Review: Utopia
You don't watch Dennis Kelly's bizarrely brilliant drama — you become obsessed with it
Channel 4
The bad guys, who think they are the good guys, in Utopia want to reduce the world's population to 500 million within a hundred years. Given that there are already 7 billion of us, that's going to be tough going. Yet even before the "Network" has released both its flu virus and the vaccine that will render the world sterile, it has made good progress. As Milner, the Network's boss, played with bonkers authority by Geraldine James, pointed out with pride yesterday, they have already killed eight children.
Milner's aim is to save the planet, but part of the collateral damage may be to Channel 4. For its first series, once time-shifting had been added, it drew an unspectacular 1.5 million followers.…


text:
Release Date: 1999
DVD Release Date: April 25th, 2000
R|1 hr 32 min
Plot Summary
In this sci-fi sequel, John Brennick (Christopher Lambert) is still on the run from the nefarious Men-Tel Corporation. After getting separated from his wife, Karen (Beth Toussaint), and son, Danny (Aidan Rea), Brennick is recaptured and held on a prison colony floating in space. Constantly monitored and forced to work with ruthless criminals, he attempts to escape, but getting out of the heavily guarded space station and back to Earth will be no easy task.
Cast: Christopher Lambert, Pam Grier, Patrick Malahide, Liz May Brice, Willie Garson, Yuji Okumoto, Nick Brimble, Beth Toussaint
Director: Geoff Murphy
Genres: Science fiction
Production Co: Columbia, TriStar Pictures
Keywords: Son, Pursuit, Underdog, Family, Wife, Friend, Brooding, Escape, Tense


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Halloween Games for Kids
Create a carnival-like setting right in your backyard with plenty of games for the little witches and superheroes.
Beanbag Toss
Clear out a space in the yard for an old-fashioned beanbag toss. Everything -- from the wooden jack-o'-lantern cutout to the Halloween beanbags -- is homemade. And if the large pumpkin doesn't fit in with your party decor, try another simple shape, such as a ghost or a witch.
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The State of Credit is a comprehensive look at nationwide data to determine the cities whose residents have the highest, lowest and most improved average credit scores. New this year, Experian also evaluated business credit data to provide additional insights into local economic conditions. The third annual report highlights the underlying financial behaviors that contribute to high and low credit scores as well as the economic circumstances that may be influencing consumers' financial behaviors. The study creates an opportunity for consumers to better understand how credit works so they can make informed financial decisions and live credit smart even in the face of local national economic challenges.
Available for Download
Methodology: Credit scores are based on VantageScore, which has a range from 501 to 990. This analysis is based on a statistically relevant sampling of Experian's consumer credit database. Analyzed credit files did not contain personal identification information. Credit scores for the State of Credit report were based on the average VantageScore by designated market area (DMA) from January through June 2012.
Population Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2011.
Unemployment Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, June 2012 Unemployment Rates for Metropolitan Areas
Foreclosure Source: RealtyTrac.com, June 2012


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Lotus to launch E22 at start of Bahrain tests
6 February 2014 – Lotus will launch its new car at the start of the next pre-season test in Bahrain, GPUpdate.net can confirm.
It had been suggested that the E22 chassis, already showcased in the form of a digitial rendered image, would be unveiled to the public on Friday afternoon, but a spokesman for the Enstone-based outfit has denied this.
The new design will instead be presented directly before hitting the track at Sakhir, and is set to run throughout both four-day gatherings, which take place from February 19-22 and February 27-March 2 respectively.
Lotus was the only team to miss the opening Jerez test, citing additional car development time as the main factor.


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Sony And Microsofts Next Generation Racers Leaked
Theres been a ton of info thrown around about Sony and Microsofts next gen consoles. Nothing is concrete and its all speculation. We wont know anything official until Sonys event on February 20th and Microsofts inevitable unveiling at E3. I received some inside info last week and took the time to do some more digging. This info Im about to give you could change at any time so take it with a grain of salt until February 20th.
Everyone should know by now that the elite team of Bizarre developers was split up after being closed by Activision. Ged Talbot, beastly lead designer of Blur and several PGR games, along with a few other ex-Bizarre members have been scooped up by Evolution Studios. If youve put 2 and 2 together you can guess that Ged is now a member of the same team that brought you the Motorstrom series. Wait, it gets deeper. Several members of Studio Liverpool have also joined the team and they are working on a new next gen racer for Sonys Playstation
4. The game is supposed to be similar in style to PGR. They wanted to make it part of the Gran Turismo series a la Forza Horizon, but Japan nipped that in the bud. Evolution Studios is now composed of some of the best racing developers in the industry with Ged Talbot at the helm. If you played any of their games, especially Blur, you know these guys put in work. Internally they are calling it Europes biggest racing game in a decade.
The next exciting bit I found out about this new mystery racing game is that it will be shown on February 20th at Sonys Playstation event, along with another next gen shocker from Guerrilla Games.
So whats going on in Microsofts camp? Apparently, ex-Bizarre and Criterion developers are working on a next generation PGR5 game for the next Xbox. As you already may know, the ex-Bizarre developers formed Lucid games and are located in Liverpool. They are taking the existing PGR code base and upgrading it for the next generation Xbox.
Heres where it gets even more interesting. My source tells me that both Sony and Microsoft are aiming to have these exclusive racing games ready for launch. We will have more information posted tonight, so stay frosty!
So the word is two racing games


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BASKETBALL: Leopards will look to continue their winning run when they host Leicester Warriors at the Brentwood Centre on Sunday afternoon, tip-off 4pm.
The Big Cats go into a weekend which also sees them visit Bristol Academy Flyers in the National Trophy semi-final on an eight game winning streak following Sunday's 78-66 victory against Brixton Topcats.
They will face a Leicester side who have surpassed all expectations by sitting in joint third place in the EBL Division One with nine wins from 13 games.
Former Leopards Karl Brown and his side have specialised in winning tight games, including a 92-89 victory at Braunstone Leisure Centre in mid-November.
Leopards were without David Buchberger and Ousman Krubally for that game, and having been in BBL Trophy action the night before, they noticeably tired down the stretch and let a double-digit lead slip.
A big crowd is expected at the Brentwood Centre as the Leopards will have the National Cup on display, but before then they will aim for another victory against the Bristol side they defeated in last week's final.
The Trophy semi-final at Filton College will be the fifth straight time that the Big Cats have been drawn away in a last four game, and Leopards will be hoping to pile on the misery for a Flyers team who lost top spot in Division One with a home loss against Worthing Thunder on Saturday.
Buchberger led the scoring for the first time in his Leopards career as the Big Cats overcame a poor start to gain revenge for November's loss at Brixton.
Buchberger finished with 18 points, six assists and four rebounds in 33 minutes as a half-time change of tactics from coach Dejan Mihevc proved key.
With point guard Vernon Teel receiving little protection from the refs as he appeared to be repeatedly fouled while dribbling the ball down the court, Buchberger was switched to his spot, and the move paid off as the home side outscored Brixton 51-33 in the second half.
Ousman Krubally posted another double-double, finishing with 16 points and 14 rebounds, with John Lister (13) and Lukas Volskis (10) also finishing in double figures as Teel was limited to eight points and as many rebounds – adding five steals and four assists.
The Big Cats scored the final four points of the first period, but still trailed 20-19 at the first break and although Buchberger's three-pointer levelled things midway through the second quarter, it was the visitors who went into the locker room at half-time with a 33-27 lead.
The third period saw Leopards fight their way back into the game, closing the gap to a single point at the five minute mark before going into the final break with a 51-50 advantage.
A strong start to the fourth quarter saw Leopards go on a 14-4 run as they took control of the game and despite Krubally fouling out on a bizarre offensive call, the closed out their six league win of the campaign.


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George Osborne is to ban the pre-briefing to media of core budget decisions including the forecast and tax rates.
Osborne made the announcement in relation to the Evening Standard inadvertently publishing on Twitter its front page for the budget, a few minutes before Osborne delivered his statement to the Commons earlier this year.
Osborne made the announcement to the Treasury select committee following a review by the Treasury of the incident, conducted by the permanent secretary sir Nicholas Macpherson.
Osborne said he was confident that his proposal would prevent a repetition.
The review says the briefings are a long-standing practice used by the previous Labour government. It says the briefings "are impartial and covered what might be seen as bad news as well as good".
Explaining the leak it states: "At budget 2013: the night before the statement, the Evening Standard was given a pre-briefing of the budget, under strict and explicit embargo. An official briefed Joe Murphy, the political editor, by telephone. This pre-briefing provided the newspaper with the main elements of the budget, including some of the economic and fiscal forecasts, changes in tax and duty rates, and public spending and other measures."
The briefing excluded the new Monetary Policy remit. The review adds: "On the morning of the statement a similar briefing was provided by officials, in person, to the political editors of the main domestic broadcast news services. No written material was given to the journalists, but they were shown a printed copy of a table setting out the main measures in the budget which they were not permitted to take away".
In addition the market wire services were provided with the key economic and fiscal data after the relevant part of the speech so that they could relay these rapidly and accurately.
In addition a teleconference was provided by officials during the Chancellor's speech in order to provide more detail to the wire services about the announcement in relation to the monetary policy framework.
The report says: "The Evening Standard, having received prior information as to the content of the budget, prepared its edition. Its usual practice is to publish its front page electronically via Twitter ahead of physical copies being available in the afternoon.
"It appears that due to error this electronic publication was not delayed, and so went into the public domain before the Chancellor's speech."
The review says the Standard's breach of the embargo was inadvertent, but was only possible because the newspaper was itself in a position to produce this front page in advance of the Chancellor's speech, and apparently did not have sufficient internal controls to prevent accidental disclosure.
The report says the degree of disclosure of major economic statements has risen over the past decade, but without any official authorisation to do so. It adds that the advent of online media, including Twitter, made the risk of embargo breaches greater.
It said that the events at budget 2013 demonstrated that, in the absence of good risk management within media organisations, the well-respected embargo system did not offer the protection in practice that it should in principle.


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Precision Metal Products forges and machines precision net and near-net metal components. We produce precision, built- to- print forgings from various metals such as Titanium, Stainless Steel, Cobalt –Chrome and other exotic alloys into complex geometrics, offering net weight forgings from under 1 to 80 lbs.
Aerospace / Aviation
Defense / Military
Medical / Health
Petro – Chemical
Power Generation
- Acetabular Cups
- Airfoils
- Blades & Vanes
- Bone Plates
- Bulkheads
- Cobalt Chrome Hips
- Cups
- Discs & Impellers
- Drilling Components
- Elbows
- Engine Components
- Extrusions
- Forged Missile Skins
- Forged Warheads
- Guidance Fins
- Hips
- Hot Gas Guidance Valves
- Helicopter Rotor Brackets
- Industrial Equipment Frame Components
- Instruments
- Knees
- Landing Gear
- Missile Fins & Spars
- Rocket Motor Cases / Closures
- Shells
- Shoulders
- Structural Components
- Tibial Trays
- Transmission Couplings
HBD Industries Announces Launch of New Websites for Forged Products
HBD Industries is pleased to announce the launch of a new online presence dedicated to the forging industry, www.HBDforge.com. Providing customers with an easy access point to HBD's full line of forging capabilities, this new website serves as a gateway to the company's Precision Components businesses, Precision Metal Products, Inc. (PMP) and California Drop Forge, Inc. (CDF). With more than 150 years of forging and metal working experience between them, PMP and CDF offer a complete range of forging capabilities, and as part of the launch, HBD redesigned both of their websites, introducing new URLs for each: www.PMPforge.com and www.CDFforge.com. read more
2016 DMC/DMSMS Show
Denver, CO
Sign up to hear the latest news, product releases, and technical updates.


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Anyone having issues with their phone? After taking the kitkat update, my phone seems laggier, battery drains quicker and sometimes my screen goes black amd i cant answer a phone call. Noticing the phone freezing now also.
Couple of things.
One, with upgrades like this, it's usually a good idea to do a factory reset after backing up your data. 4.3 was like this.
Two, when installing an update/new Rom, sometimes it takes a couple of days for it to "calm down" and settle in.
XDA Developers was founded by developers, for developers. It is now a valuable resource for people who want to make the most of their mobile devices, from customizing the look and feel to adding new functionality.
Are you a developer? | Terms of Service
Copyright © xda-developers. Hosted by Leaseweb


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The cranberry is one of only a handful of fruits native to North America - the Concord grape and blueberry being the others. As documented by the Pilgrims, cranberries were found in abundance in Massachusetts in 1620 and rumor has it that they may have been served at the first Thanksgiving dinner, although we have no way of knowing for sure. Written recipes using cranberries date back to the 1700s and the first recorded cranberry crop in history dates back to 1816 in Dennis, Massachusetts on Cape Cod. Cranberries soon cemented their place in New England life by serving as a vital source of vitamin cup for whalers and a valuable natural resource to residents.
While the Pilgrims may have been the first westerners to use the berry it was Dutch and German settlers who gave it its name, calling the tart fruit "crane berries" because of the resemblance of the blooming cranberry flowers to the head and bill of a crane.
The hearty cranberry vine thrives in conditions that would not support most other crops: acid soil, few nutrients and low temperatures, even in summer. Contrary to popular belief, cranberries do not grow in water, but in sandy bogs or marshes. Because berries float, some bogs are flooded when the fruit is ready for harvesting, giving the illusion that the fruit grows in water. Growers then use water-reel harvesting machines to loosen the cranberries from their vine. They are then corralled onto conveyor belts and into waiting trucks which take them to receiving stations and eventually processing plants.
About 10 percent of the cranberries grown in Massachusetts are dry harvested and sold as fresh fruit. To dry harvest, growers use mechanical pickers with comb-shaped conveyor belts that pick the berries and carry them to attached burlap bags. These bags are emptied into bins and delivered to fresh fruit receiving stations where they are graded and screened based on color and the ability to bounce -- soft berries do not bounce.
Cranberries are primarily grown in five states -- Massachusetts, Wisconsin, New Jersey, Oregon and Washington. Another 5,500 acres are cultivated in Chile, Quebec, and British Columbia. There are nearly 1,000 cranberry growers in America. Normally, growers do not have to replant since an undamaged cranberry vine will survive indefinitely. In fact, some vines on Cape Cod are more than 150 years old!
Cranberry Tips
- Look for bright, plump cranberries, avoid soft, crushed, or shriveled berries.
- Peak season is September through December.
- Fresh cranberries will keep in the refrigerator for 4-8 weeks.
- You can freeze fresh cranberries for longer storage.
- You can substitute frozen cranberries in most recipes calling for fresh.
- Do not wash cranberries until ready for use, as moisture will cause quicker spoilage.
- When a recipe says "cook until the cranberries pop," don't expect popcorn. This simply mean the berry's outer skin will expand until it bursts.


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1. Production and Prices
2. US Petroleum Inventories
3. Policies Shifting in China
4. Energy Briefs
1. Production and Prices
Oil prices rose during light holiday trading last week, reaching a high of $97.92 on Friday before closing lower on year-end profit taking and forecasts of warmer weather in the US. The increase was sparked by the assassination of Pakistani opposition leader Bhutto, another Turkish air strike on the Kurdish villages in Iraq, and a larger than expected drawdown in US crude stockpiles.
Prices have risen 57 percent this year, primarily on forecasts for continuing tight supplies. Crude futures hit an intraday record of $99.29 a barrel Nov. 21. Open interest in oil futures contracts continue to climb, indicating that traders are expecting still higher prices in the New Year.
2. US Petroleum Inventories
Crude inventories in the US fell by 3.3 million barrels last week as demand continued to edge up and imports remained below the roughly 10 million b/d needed to support domestic consumption. US crude stocks have declined by 60 million barrels in the last six months and are now below the 5-year average of 300 million barrels for this time of year. Total US commercial stockpiles for crude and products have dropped by roughly about 59 million barrels during 2007.
While gasoline stockpiles appear adequate for the time being, US distillate stocks dropped by 2.8 million barrels last week as imports dropped to 143,000 barrels per day. Distillate stocks are now down 11 percent for the year and are at the bottom of the 5-year average range for December.
Net US crude and product imports during 2007 are down by 93 million barrels (2 percent) over 2006. Total US consumption of petroleum products, however, increased by a modest 17 million barrels over the year. The situation for distillates, which are currently much in demand by China, is worse with US stockpiles dropping by 16 million barrels or 11 percent during 2007.
Some are beginning to ask if a major turning point was reached about 6 months ago. World oil production has been flat for the past three years. US and European consumption has been flat while consumption by India, China, and the oil producers have been increasing rapidly. The shortfalls largely have been made up by reduced consumption in poor countries that cannot afford to import oil at current prices. The poorer countries, however, can only cut back imports by so much before they reach an irreducible minimum.
If that minimum has been reached, then the OECD countries are living off stockpiles. When the minimum operating level for these stockpiles is reached and shortages start to occur, the bidding war for imports will shift into high gear, and much higher prices will ensue.
3. Policies shifting in China
Chinese energy policies appear headed for changes as rapid growth collides with inflation-fighting efforts and environmental degradation. Last week Beijing announced a proposal to set up a high-level body to oversee energy issues. The goal of this organization is to improve the efficiency of energy production and utilization.
The shortage of diesel fuel that has been troublesome in recent months now appears to be spreading to gasoline. In November Chinese oil consumption increased by an unusually low one percent. Despite a recent price increase, government mandated price caps that are far below costs of acquisition and refining are causing refiners to take massive losses.
In an attempt to remedy this situation China imported 2 million barrels of diesel fuel in November, another 3 million in December and plans to import 3.6 million barrels in January. Increases at this pace are bound to distort the world distillate market causing higher prices in the coming year.
If current trends continue, by 2010 China will be importing half of its petroleum requirements. In preparation for this the State Council issued a report saying that China wants to eliminate dependence on spot purchases and will seek to sign more long-term bi-lateral contracts guaranteeing its imported oil supply.
Environmental issues stemming from rapid growth continue. There are plans to phase in cleaner motor fuels in and around Beijing in an effort to clean up smoggy skies prior to the Olympic Games. Another report issued by the State Council says China will give top priority to developing renewable energy. The reports goes on to say, however, that rapid economic growth will require increased consumption of coal and the report does not embrace binding limits on green house gases. All this suggests that Beijing understands there soon will be limits on its ability to produce and import petroleum and is looking to a future based on greater energy efficiency, more coal, and ultimately renewables.
4. Energy Briefs
- Oil shipments through the pipeline from Iraq's Kirkuk oil fields into the Turkish Mediterranean export terminal at Ceyhan halted Thursday night according to a local shipping agent.
- The IEA has admitted that it has been paying insufficient attention to supply bottlenecks as evidence mounts that oil is being discovered more slowly than once expected. The Agency has started work on a new study to be published next year that will rework its long-term projections for global oil reserves.
- There may have been a breakthrough in the standoff between Kazakhstan and the foreign oil companies developing the massive Kashagan oil field. Kazakh President Nazarbayev has called the heads of the six foreign oil firms to the Kazakh capital for a meeting on Jan. 11, a signal that the two sides could be close to a deal.
- Iraq ends 2007 with oil production at 2.4 million b/d, a level not seen since before the war. There could be troubles ahead in 2008 however. With Turkey bombing Kurdish villages inside Iraq it is only a question of time before the export pipeline to Turkey is closed. A national oil law has yet to be passed and trouble is brewing between Baghdad and the Kurds over oil leases to foreign countries. The British have pulled out of the key export terminal at Basra, leaving the city largely in the hands of warring militias.
- The Central Bank of Sudan will deal only in the euro beginning in 2008 and advised local commercial banks to opt for convertible currencies other than the U.S. dollar.
- The Nigerian government granted the request of multinational oil companies to shift the deadline for halting gas flaring from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2008. This action has led to protests from around the world. The deadline for gas flaring has been extended several times before by the Federal Government.
- India imported 6.5 percent more crude in November than a year earlier as domestic demand continued to grow. Petrol sales during the month were up 17.1 percent year on year, while diesel sales, which account for nearly a third of domestic consumption, rose 10.3 percent.
- Rising energy costs triggered the biggest jump in Japanese consumer prices in almost a decade while industrial production slumped. The Bank of Japan is expected to keep interest rates unchanged for some time, even as energy-fueled inflation accelerates. The nationwide core consumer price index, which excludes volatile fresh food prices, jumped 0.4 percent in November.
- Edinburgh is set to become one of the first UK cities to actively try to reduce its dependency on oil. The "Transition City" initiative confronts the dual problem of "peak oil" and climate change, which is when there is not enough oil to keep the economy running, combined with a need to cut carbon levels.
- An uneasy calm returned to the oil-rich Persian Gulf island nation of Bahrain on Wednesday after a week of clashes between Shiite Muslim opposition groups and forces of the Sunni-dominated government.
- Earlier this year, Toyota forecast group-wide sales of 10.4 million vehicles in 2009, possibly becoming the first automaker to reach the 10 million-unit annual sales milestone. 2007 vehicle sales should come close to 9 million.
- South Korea is set to overhaul its energy sector in 2008 under a new president who has made privatizing state-owned energy companies and securing massive investments to ensure stable oil supplies his top priorities.
- Iran signed a multi-billion dollar deal with Malaysia on Wednesday to develop two offshore Iranian gas fields, boasting that the planned investment was the biggest ever in the country.
- Gasoline could average $3.75 a gallon across the U.S. in a few months, pushing the price in California up and over the $4 mark according to energy analysts. They cite several factors including persistently strong crude prices and the fact that the traditional December drop in pump prices didn't materialize.
- The Iraqi government announcement that monthly food rations will be cut by half, due to a doubling in the cost of food, has left many Iraqis asking how they can survive. Many fear the food ration cuts can spark unrest.
- Iran has stopped most exports of natural gas to Turkey just as consumption reaches record levels during winter. Iran blamed the shortfall on a malfunctioning compressor station, and the two sides are in talks to resolve the issue, the officials said.
- Tokyo Electric Power Co. will delay construction of a nuclear plant by a year to incorporate new earthquake-resistance features following a quake in July that damaged and shut its biggest atomic power facility.
- EV Energy Co., the battery-making joint venture between Toyota and Matsushita, has begun studies at its Omori factory geared to the mass production of lithium-ion batteries.
- The Middle East's share of Japan's crude imports fell to 84.3% in November from 89.4% a year ago, with crude imports from Russia and Vietnam increasing.
- The latest federal figures show US coal production dipped slightly this year. The 1.4% decline hit Appalachian states such as Virginia and Kentucky the hardest, while production in the West is essentially flat.
- Cuba will produce nearly 3 million metric tons of crude oil and more than 1.2 billion cubic meters of natural gas for the year, enough to meet almost half the island's fuel needs, state media reported Wednesday.
- Basra, where most of Iraq's oil exports originate, is in the throes of a power struggle in which militia rivals compete with provincial police forces and central government authorities. The head of the provincial council says security committees the government has set up in Basra refuse to cooperate with the provincial police forces.
- Iran will soon announce an international tender for building 19 nuclear power plants, a week after Russia said it had begun fuel deliveries to the Islamic state's first such facility. A spokesman for parliament's national security and foreign policy committee said each power plant would have a capacity of 1,000 megawatt of electricity.
- Russia will increase its tax on oil exports by at least 18 percent on Feb.1, a Finance Ministry official said.
Quote of the Week
This week's quote is a piece of peak oil history: Confidential Memo, from M. King Hubbert (to file), Sept 25, 1975; "Visit from Richard P. Sheldon, Chief Geologist, USGS".
Background: Hubbert's views on the size of US oil resources, contained in his 1974 report to the Senate Interior Committee, conflicted sharply with the official views of the USGS expressed from 1961 through 1975. In brief, Hubbert viewed the US's ultimately recoverable oil resource as being one-third the size of the USGS's official figures. Hearings, write-ups such as "USGS Circular 725" and presentations during recent months had essentially vindicated Hubbert's viewpoint. But the final chapter—acceptance of lower resource estimates by the USGS—was still far from written. Here are Hubbert's views of a notable meeting.
"…[Sheldon] came in with a news item from a Denver paper [Rocky Mountain News; 9/16/75] evidently pertaining to my lecture at the University of Colorado at Boulder on the evening of September 9th. He charged that I had been going around 'running down' the Geological Survey…
"I told him that the Survey was in trouble solely because of its own faults. For the last 15 years the Survey had been putting out estimates on oil and gas to the government and the country which could not be justified by any known data of the petroleum industry, and it had been repudiated by the evolution of circumstances. For this reason the Survey had got itself into very hot water. It had not been my doing. In fact my principal objective throughout had been to uphold the scientific integrity of the Survey, and at that I had had some degree of success.
"At one point Sheldon said, 'I hereby give you orders not to involve yourself in any matters of policy.' I replied that I was unaware of dealing with policy. In fact, I am not sure that I know what 'matters of policy' are. What I have been doing is making the most accurate estimates of energy resources of which I am capable. These have been published and my invited lectures have been based upon these publications.
"In my analyses I have had to deal with historical data, and these have unavoidably involved former estimates by the Geological Survey. He said, "But you work for the Geological Survey."
"I replied that I also used to work for Shell but my [National Academy of Sciences] report of 1962 was not a Shell report. In fact no one in Shell ever saw the report until it was released by the President. Similarly, none of my subsequent writings have ever been Geological Survey reports…My 1974 report was a staff report requested by the Chairman of the Senate Interior and Insular Affairs Committee, with approval of the Office of the Secretary of the Interior.
"With regard to his order to desist, Sheldon said that he would give it to me in writing. I told him that that would be agreeable to me, and that I would give it appropriate consideration. I added, 'I am not entirely helpless, you know.'
"Somewhere in the conversation he got onto the subject of Survey review of reports. I remarked that I had found it disturbing that the text of Circular 725 had been 'doctored' without the authors' approval. He said that all Survey reports were subject to such treatment….
"There were other details, such as my wasting Survey time and money by accepting lecture invitations. I told him that my first loyalty was to the American taxpayer, and that I did not feel that I had wasted any taxpayer's money. In fact, I thought that I had also upheld the honor and integrity of the Survey as well.
"At one point, Sheldon asked whether the Survey had ever tried to censor my work. I told him that it definitely had. When I was about to begin work for the Senate Committee the first official obstructive act of the Survey was to take my secretary away from me, and it took about three letters and several summonses to the Director of the U.S.G.S. from the Senate Committee to break it up.
"He said that was all the work of _____ ____. I assured [Sheldon] that I know that the trouble came from 'on high.' I also point out that my wife had had to type every word of my Senate report at home.
"At 3:00 p.m. Sheldon left for a conference with the Director. The next chapter is awaited with interest. During the conversation Sheldon also stated that hereafter the Survey intended to have a monitor present every time I gave a lecture to a public audience."
This process grew rancorous, petty and personal. Here's hoping politics and infighting don't impact scientific assessments of world oil resources today.
Thanks to Chris Kuykendall, long-time Hubbert bibliographer and researcher, for locating this memo in the University of Wyoming Hubbert Archives this past fall and sharing it with us.


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Here at Review Centre we work hard to make sure we are the best place on the internet for honest, unbiased consumer reviews - we are grateful for your help in keeping us that way!
Written on: 21/04/2012
Lesterz (1 review written)
Delivered as ordered. Followed their directions and as soon as I entered the PIN they sent me, my Samsung Focus S was carrier unlocked. Exactly what I paid for, thanks guys.


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The romantic baby boomer: A successful aging analysis of romantic comedy film trailers, Annette Marie Schelling Masterson
A Study of Danmaku Video on Attention Allocation, Social Presence, Transportation to Narrative, Cognitive Workload and Enjoyment, Yuqian Ni
Is Marriage a Must? Hegemonic Femininity and the Portrayal of "Leftover Women" in Chinese Television Drama, Anqi Peng
From Screen to School: Applications of Children's Relationships with Film Characters to Elementary Curriculum Design, Rebecca Gayle Liss
Dedicated to Infringement: The politics of intermediary enforcement in online advertising, Kenneth Merrill
Understanding the Effect of Islamists' Online Persuasive Messages on People's Attitude Change and Information Seeking Behavior, Omnia Al Desoukie
AN EXAMINATION OF THE FIRST- AND SECOND-LEVEL OF AGENDA BUILDING WITH THE IMAGE OF CHINA'S PRESIDENT XI JINPING IN XINHUA AND FOUR U.S. NEWS OUTLETS, Zhuqing Cheng
Fan Music Videos, Fan Romanticism, and Romantic Content, Alexis Bordeaux Finnerty
From under the veil to under the knife: Women, global beauty and cosmetic surgery in Afghanistan, Azeta Hatef
Toward a Uses and Gratification's Model of Twitter, Philip Ryan Johnson
Youth and YouTube: The Evolution of User-Generated Music Videos, Steven Kendrat
Finding the Invisible Player and Understanding Women's Experiences in Online Multiplayer Video Game Environments, Catherine Lukianov
Starved for Information: The Conflict between Mobilizing Hunger Strikes and Distracting Media Frames, Alicia Wright
Mistress or Hero? Corruption Reports on Sina Weibo and the Construction of Chinese Femininity, Yin Wu
An Analysis of Internet Effects on New Adopters of the Internet on a Remote Island in Mexico, Cherise I. Brown Varela
A Matter of Faith: U.S. Cable News Coverage and Definitions of Terrorism, Adam Yehia Elrashidi
Perceived Cultural Proximity and Perceived News Source Credibility in Puerto Rico, Camila Espina
Mobiles for Modernization: Newspaper Framing of the Mobile Phone in Sub-Saharan Africa, Imon
Expressions of Grief on Facebook: Navigating Discomfort, Persistent Identity, and Public Memorialization, Molly Kalan
Facebook, "Friend or Enemy?": Examining the relationship between Facebook use and body image, Ji Won Kim
Factors Affecting Millennial Consumers' Perceived Credibility of Online Product Review for Search and Experience Products, Young Kyu Kim
Framing Disability: A Content Analysis of Newspapers in Nigeria, Olusola John Ogundola
All The Web's a Stage: The Dramaturgy of Young Adult Social Media Use, Jaime R. Riccio
Nationalism on the Net: Exploring the ideology of India's Bharatiya Janata Party, Adrienne Lee Atterberry
Pocket Full of Jesus: Evangelical Christians' Use of Religious iPhone Applications, Wendi R. Bellar
Parenting Blog Coverage of the Autism-Vaccine Controversy, Aidan Bryant
Lived Lyrics: How Teen Girls Use Music to Create Identity, Teressa Leigh Del Rosso
Thank You For Being a Friend: Women's Self-Disclosures and Social Support on Facebook, Emily A. Dolan
How Did Nike Get the Swoosh into Skateboarding? A Study of Authenticity and Nike SB, Brandon Gomez
Exploring Consumers' Attitudes and Behavior toward Product Placement in Television Shows, Eun Seon Kwon
Terra Nova, An Experiment in Creating Cult Televison for a Mass Audience, Laura Osur
Hard-Knock Life: Exploring Prisoner Perceptions of Media's Influence on Society and Crime through In-Depth Interviews and Q-Methodology, Savannah R. Overton
History and Memory in Gettysburg, Jeffrey M. Parrotte
Facebook Ruined My Marriage: Digital Intimacy Interference on Social Networking Sites, Lynessa Marie Williams


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My son is 3 years old and has been diagnosed with autism. I"ve tried many supplements and have good reports on almost everything.I am writing now because I am discouraged. I don"t undertand how my son can do so well and then forget or lose what he"s learned. This roller coaster is getting old. I will always try to help my son in any way. He is the light of our life(my husband, our 5 year old daurghter, and myself).If anyone has any idea of why he goes from good to bad to good to bad please responed or e-mail me.Right now he takes the following daily:calcium 1 tsp-EDTA garlic(for lead)2 capsules-acidopilus 1 tsp-claratin 1 dissolve tablet-super nu thera 1.5 tsp-tmg 3 tsp-nystatin 1.5 tsp- and iron 1 tsp.
Always Hopeful,Denise
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homemade facial scrubs
Homemade Facial Scrub Recipies
Are you looking for a natural alternative to your facial scrubs? Check out our list of homemade facial scrubs that we have come across. You might be more then surprised at how simple they are to prepare. It is likely that you might have most of those ingredients already at home so you can start scrubbing your face within minutes after reading this article.