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Fellow of the DVOC
Life Member
Kate Garchinsky - Secret Life of the Red Fox
November 2, 2017 @ 7:30 pm - 9:00 pm
The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Pkwy, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
Kate Garchinsky illustrates and writes children's books and educational media in her studio in Edgmont, PA. Her picture book, "The Secret Life of the Red Fox," written by acclaimed wildlife author, Laurence Pringle, released this year and received a starred review from School Library Journal. In 2015 Kate Garchinsky received a grant from the Eckelberry Fellowship at the Academy of Natural Sciences, where she has spent time researching and illustrating extinction stories the Passenger Pigeon and the Carolina Parakeet.
Kate recently completed two more narrative non-fiction kids' books, including a book about the little brown bat, and Rob Bierregaard's kidlit debut, "Belle's Journey: An Osprey Takes Flight." Both will release in 2018.
Get to know more about Kate and her bird art projects at KateGarchinsky.com.
In this visual presentation, local bird artist and children's illustrator, Kate Garchinsky, will lead us through the creation of her narrative non-fiction books for children. She'll share her step-by-step process, from field research to messy sketches, and final color art. We'll also see some sneak previews of her and Rob Bierregaard's upcoming book about osprey migration.
Signed books and fine art prints will be available for purchase or pre-order for the holidays. For a price list and previews, send an email to email@example.com.
See more details
Andorra Meadow
November 4, 2017 @ 8:00 am - 11:00 am
Wissahickon Environmental Center- Tree House, 300 W Northwestern Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19118, USA
Harper's and Andorra Meadow
Saturday November 4th Meet at the Tree House 8:00-11:00am
A diversity of habitats for a diversity of late fall migrants!
Annual Banquet
November 16, 2017 @ 6:00 pm - 8:00 pm
Sheet Metal Workers International Association, 1301 S Christopher Columbus Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19147, USA
Speaker: Neil Hayward - ABA Big Year Birder and author of "Lost Among the Birds - Accidentally Finding Myself in One Very Big Year"
Early in 2013 Neil Hayward was at a crossroads. He didn't want to open a bakery or whatever else executives do when they quit a lucrative but unfulfilling job. He didn't want to think about his failed relationship with "the one" or his potential for ruining a new relationship with "the next one." And he almost certainly didn't want to think about turning forty. And so instead he went birding.
Birding was a lifelong passion. It was only among the birds that Neil found a calm that had eluded him in the confusing world of humans. But this time he also found competition. His growing list of species reluctantly catapulted him into a Big Year--a race to find the most birds in one year. His peregrinations across twenty-eight states and six provinces in search of exotic species took him to a hoarfrost-covered forest in Massachusetts to find a Fieldfare; to Lake Havasu, Arizona, to see a rare Nutting's Flycatcher; and to Vancouver for the Red-flanked Bluetail. Neil's Big Year was as unplanned as it was accidental: It was the perfect distraction to life.
Neil shocked the birding world by finding 749 species of bird and breaking the long-standing Big Year record. He also surprised himself: During his time among the hummingbirds, tanagers, and boobies, he found a renewed sense of confidence and hope about the world and his place in it.
More details when available
NORTHERN SAW-WHET OWL BANDING for Young Birders and Families!
November 17, 2017 @ 6:00 pm - November 18, 2017 12:00 am
Hidden Valley Banding station in Schuylkill Haven, PA
Cindy Ahern has arranged a visit to attend a Northern Saw-whet Owl banding program at Scott Weidensaul's Hidden Valley Banding station in Schuylkill Haven, PA, during saw-whet owl migration.
The banding station is located in the general area of Hawk Mountain (it is a little further west), and is approximately a 2 hour drive from the Philadelphia area.
Visitors should arrive between 6-6:30 PM for orientation - nets are checked every hour on the hour until midnight. When owls are caught in the mist nets, they are brought inside to demonstrate the banding process, which includes a general examination to determine age, weight, fat reserves, sex, eye color, and wing and bill length, banding the owl with a federal band, then releasing the owl. You may leave at any time - no need to stay until midnight if owls are caught during an earlier net check.
FYI – this year is expected to be a very poor Northern Saw-whet Owl flight – a low point in the cycle following a strong flight last year. The new moon phase for this date is favorable, although a few weeks past the normal peak. This does not mean we will not see any owls, but there are no guarantees. The banding will be cancelled in the event of foul weather.
Registrations are required, and space is limited. Young bird enthusiasts receive priority registration, based on a first- come, first-served basis.
There is NO FEE to attend the banding demonstration, but please consider making a donation to "adopt" an owl in support of Northern Saw-whet Owl research: http://www.nedsmithcenter.org/adopt-an-owl-and-help-nscna-research/
Waggoners Gap rescheduled
November 19, 2017 @ 10:00 am - 2:00 pm
Waggoner's Gap Hawk Watch, Waggoners Gap Rd, Landisburg, PA 17040, USA
This trip has been rescheduled from Saturday due to the rainy forecast. Hopefully this will make for fantastic migration on Sunday. We hope to see golden eagles and goshawks!
Eagles at Conowingo Dam (Maryland)
November 22, 2017 @ 9:00 am - 12:00 pm
Conowingo Dam, Darlington, MD 21034, USA
This time of year hundreds of Eagles gather below the dam to fish and interact. Also an excellent spot for photography. Meet near the concession stand near the dam. We will also visit some other birding spots south along the river.
Meet 9AM at the Conowingo Dam for prime Eagle viewing.
Leader Cliff Hence cwhenceiii (at )aol.com
This DVOC trip is free to members and non-members alike.

subset: commoncrawl


text: On Thu, Jan 15, 2009 at 10:09 AM, Bruce Southey <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote: > firstname.lastname@example.com wrote: >> On Wed, Jan 14, 2009 at 11:24 PM, Pierre GM <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote: >> >>> On Jan 14, 2009, at 10:15 PM, email@example.com wrote: >>> >>>> The function in stats, that I tested or rewrote, are usually identical >>>> to around 1e-15, but in some cases R has a more accurate test >>>> distribution for small samples (option "exact" in R), while in >>>> scipy.stats we only have the asymptotic distribution. >>>> >>> We could try to reimplement part of it in C,. In any case, it might >>> be worth to output a warning (or at least be very explicit in the doc) >>> that the results may not hold for samples smaller than 10-20. >>> >> >> I am not a "C" person and I never went much beyond HelloWorld in C. >> I just checked some of the doc strings, and I am usually mention that >> we use the asymptotic distribution, but there are still pretty vague >> statements in some of the doc strings, such as >> >> "The p-values are not entirely reliable but are probably reasonable for >> datasets larger than 500 or so." >> >> >> > The 'exact' test are usually Fisher's exact tests > (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher%27s_exact_test) which are very > different from the asymptotic testing and can get very demanding. Also I > do not think that such statements should be part of the doc strings. According to the wikipedia reference this is for contingency tables, the two cases I worked on, were the exact two-sided Kolmogorov-Smirnov distribution, were I found a good approximation, and the exact distribution for the Spearman correlation coefficient for the Null of no correlation. > >>>> Also, not all >>>> existing functions in scipy.stats are tested (yet). >>>> >>> We should also try to make sure missing data are properly supported >>> (not always possible) and that the results are consistent between the >>> masked and non-masked versions. >>> >>> >> >> I added a ticket so we don't forget to check this. >> >> >> >> >>> IMHO, the readiness to incorporate user feedback is here. The feedback >>> is not, or at least not as much as we'd like. >>> >> >> That depends on the subpackage, some problems in stats have been >> reported and known for quite some time and the expected lifetime of a >> ticket can be pretty long. I was looking at different python packages >> that use statistics, and many of them are reluctant to use scipy while >> numpy looks very well established. But, I suppose this will improve >> with time and the user base will increase, especially with the recent >> improvements in the build/distribution and the documentation. >> >> Josef >> _______________________________________________ >> SciPy-user mailing list >> email@example.com >> http://projects.scipy.org/mailman/listinfo/scipy-user >> > There are different reasons for a lack of user base. One of the reasons > for R is that many, many statistics classes use it. > > Some of the reasons that I do not use scipy for stats (and have not > looked at this in some time) included: > 1) The difficulty of installation which is considerably better now. > 2) Lack of support for missing values as virtually everything that I > have worked with involves missing values at some stage. > 3) Lack of an suitable statistical modeling interface where you can > specify the model to be fit without having to create each individual > array. The approach must work for a range of scenarios. > With 2 and 3 I have little experience Missing observations, I usually remove or clean in the initial data preparation. mstats provides functions for masked arrays, but stats mostly assumes no missing values. What would be the generic treatment for missing observations, just dropping all observations that have NaNs or converting them to masked arrays and expand the function that can handle those? Jonathan Taylor included a formula framework in stats.models similar to R, but I haven't looked very closely at it. I haven't learned much of R's syntax and I usually prefer to build by own arrays (with some exceptions such as polynomials) than hide them behind a mini model language. For both stats.models and for the interface for general stats functions, feedback would be very appreciated. Josef


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No because mountain biking isnt an extreme/dangerous sport.
Yes, yes it is. Maybe not the way you do it, but for many many people it is exactly that.
No because mountain biking isnt an extreme/dangerous sport.
Yes, yes it is. Maybe not the way you do it, but for many many people it is exactly that.
Watching now on +1. I like this stuff as it's the complete antithesis to the health and safety, risk assessed world we live in. I used to have to work up small pylons and the level of scrutiny involved as soon as you leave the ground is utterly ridiculous. I *get* why it's necessary but the kid in you just wants to get to the top asap, and yes, perhaps hang from one hand when you get there
I wish I was in control of my head like he is. But if it came with the caveat of hanging off 120m cranes then maybe I'll stick with my anxious ways.
I think I can foretell tonight's dream/nightmare....
He's a selfish pr1ck who needs to grow up.
Like CG, I am struggling to understand the hate - is it jealousy perhaps? The only humans who might actually be seriously affected are his mum, the guy who has to scrape him up and, erm, that's it. I have little sympathy for developers whose projects are slightly delayed. Hardly a big deal for multinationals really is it?
binners - Member
When I was 18 I worked on the chemical plants. They were erecting new silos on the site. As I was walking past them I watched one of the steel erectors fall about 150ft, bouncing off the girders on the way down, then land on the concrete 6ft in front of me. On his head. Not something you forget in a hurry. I had to bin my jacket that I 'd wrapped round him while I waited for the ambulance as it was completely saturated in blood.
If it all goes tits up, then it can't be much fun those left literally picking up the pieces
Like you I was in the middle of a silo fall, only the poor sod fell in the bin and lived. I say lived he died 4 years later a utterly broken man.
We dropped the bin activator out of the way for the paramedics and I can honestly say I didn't think a human had that much blood in them
I reckon his wiring wasn't quite right but seemed like a nice lad imo, not sure why all this hatred is directed to him? Selfish? Not at all, he' s not harming anybody or screwing peoples lives up. In complete control of his mind and body, I take my hat off to him and would like to buy him a pint! He's harming nobody, worrying his mum a lot though, probably more than most kids worry their parents. He appeared to get just as much a buzz evading the security?
If he was to be televised whilst attempting to break some sort off world record (with no h&s) that was along the lines of what he is an expert in and succeeded would there be as much uproar/hatred?
Me? I like to keep both wheels on the ground so it's not a 'sport' for me, fantastic tv though, gave me strange sensations down below.
When I was about 15 I climbed to top of a new pylon that wasn't wired up and hung from my legs up there, can still remember the adrenalin hit, get a bit scared at top of step ladder these days though.
It will be a Red Bull sport soon
Like CG, I am struggling to understand the hate - is it jealousy perhaps? The only humans who might actually be seriously affected are his mum, the guy who has to scrape him up and, erm, that's it. I have little sympathy for developers whose projects are slightly delayed. Hardly a big deal for multinationals really is it?
But he's breaking the rules!
I think that's what it is, really - people don't like other people doing stuff that's different. Especially when it's something that's a little bit illegal. Risk is everywhere - driving a car on the motorway, I'm one hand twitch away from slamming into an overpass - but people think climbing cranes is the riskiest thing I do.
One thing I have noticed, though - and this is entirely in my head - is I now take far fewer risks since I had a child.
spacemonkey - Member
He's a selfish pr1ck who needs to grow up.
Bizzare that so many are disapproving. Is it because he doesn't wear or utilise climbing gear? We all know how much the STWers love buying stuff to make up for their lack of ability. Is it because it's not being done in the real 'great outdoors'? Because we all know how much the STWers love riding, hunting, foraging, cooking on an open flame in the truly dangerous woodlands of the UK. Is it because he takes real risk with his own life and limb purely for the fun of it? Because we all know that STWers love risk on their rigid, fixed gear steel pootle weapons as they tackle a slightly off camber tow path.
I think you've hit the nail on the head there. People are slating him because he won't conform like they had to. Good on him, good on him for jacking in school and going his own way, good on him for dealing with his issues in a positive way. Always inspires me to see people actually living their life rather than just buying it. My palms were getting seriously sweaty watching that though
*sets alarm for 4:30 to look for cranes.
Have to admire this guy for having the courage to do this sort of stuff. Certainly brightens up life for the rest of us.
Really don't get people on here having a go at him. Live and let live and all that? So what if he breaks a few rules. How dull would life be if everyone stuck to the same path?
Selfish, possibly but isn't everyone to some degree? The only certainty in life is death and once you get your head round that then it's just a matter of how you go.
We are all a very slight margin from death every single day. A fraction too close to that fast moving truck, a simple trip high up on Crib Gochs knife edge ridge, or a small mosquito bite in the tropics.
Whether you fall from a crane in a blaze of what others perceive as recklessness/selfishness or die early from chronic heart disease after a lifetime of TV watching and burdoning the NHS with obesity issues, what does it matter?
Mikey74/Dales Rider your kidding yourselves if you think mtb is an extreme sport. For a very few, they guys who do Redbull Rampage etc it is extreme but even then they still appear to get more injured then killed.
TRUE extreme sports you know that if you make a mistake you will die and if you are lucky end up very badly injured.
Re closing the building site for 4 days. Why?
Did it take 4 days of people who spend their lives sat on a sofa to realise that not many folk will actually want to climb up a crane unsecured, and therefore there is not much risk? 4 days to work out nothing, crazy.
Thought this was a mostly liberal forum? Then why all the haters of this young chap on here when he tries to do something different? Just shows how risk averse and soft we have become as a nation in general. Christ, there were career choices back in Victorian times e.g. slate quarrying, that carried as much risk as what this guy is doing!
Always inspires me to see people actually living their life rather than just buying it.Yes. I find that level of risk<>reality head game and the confidence to do something like that quite inspiring somehow. I couldn't do it but part of me would like to, just to feel able to ignore those instincts that tell you not to.
He's in total control of his head. Seemed a nice guy and I don't get the nasty comments that have been made.
Because its STW and a number on here seem to think its the given response.
My opinion, Yes I feel for his mum and it would be a tragedy for her if he was to fall and hurt/kill himself.
For him again theres probably childhood issues that have shaped him this way.
But mentally he's got a lot of control going on in there, even if the rest of the world(and Singletrack)think he's insane.
Yes if he does fall he is gonna make a mess that some unfortunate will have to scrape up , but no different than the mess made if one of those freeclimbers fall, I dare say the freeclimbers referred to all have families that wonder why they do it , so why the critism its all the structure chosen that differs and who is to say he has no climbing skills just because the documentary did not focus on that area.
Still trying to work out how much of the interaction between his mum and him was genuine and how much was staged. If she really wanted to stop him visiting nutters in Ukraine, she could turn off the funding taps.
He certainly wasn't working very hard to disguise his contempt for his mother during that chat on the train when she asked him to stop. Reminded me of a mum asking a 16-year-old to get off his Xbox and do his homework.
How do they not get sweaty palms? I got sweaty palms just watching it. (And the 2nd time this morning with my son!)
I was prepared to give him the benefit of the doubt for a while, before concluding that he was an indulged little idiot in a state of suspended adolescence. Basically Kevin the teenager. As his interactions with his mum constantly reenforced. All that was missing was for him to state that it was SOOOOOOOO NOT FAIR!!!!
But Mrs Binners had concluded he was a complete bell end almost instantly. And she raised a very interesting point that I'd like to throw open to those of you praising him. She said:
"If this guy was from a council estate in Wythenshawe, was dressed in Nike Air tracky bottoms and a baseball cap, and made the same statements as him, but in a broad manc accent - that he'd packed in school at 14 because he couldn't be arsed with it any more, that he'd then spent the next few years lozzing about in his bedroom on his playstation, while sponging off his (single) mum, then decided to wander into Manchester City Centre at night to climb the gantry cranes on the building sites, do you think he'd be getting this kind of coverage? Or something with a completely different tone altogether?"
What do you think?
I think he's a skilled film-maker and athlete and he's got a bright future. His background is irrelevant.
I've certainly got no massive problems with the idea of climbing urban structures, aside from the hassle it causes to companies and their employees if they have to painstakingly check over the cranes afterwards.
I solo climb myself, albeit to a very easy standard, and technically trespass on my bike a fair bit, so it would be a bit hypocritical to criticise him on that score - but I'm still slightly worried about his underlying motivations for doing it, and whether, in the end, that will lead to a bad choice.
What do you think?
A good point Binners, agree with you all the way
What do you think?
Yes, I think he would. He'd be a bit like the Ukrainian guy then. What they do is pretty amazing and hard for us mere mortals to understand - it would get coverage no matter what their background.
ps. I was pleased that Channel 4 didn't deem it necessary to say "Don't try this at home" throughout the programme!
If you like free climbing and interesting characters:
And if you're interested in the consequences of actions, the interview with Dereks mum and dad (seven minutes into the second part) is heartbreaking.
Love the fact that they had to subtitle his Stretford accent for the Yanks.
Re the comparisons with climbing, there's a saying that "there are old climbers and bold climbers but no old, bold climbers". Basically you either grow out of that sort of risk taking or die doing it. It's only a matter of time before you misjudge something when the margin for error is that small. See John Bachar, Jimmy Jewel etc for details.
If this guy was from a council estate in Wythenshawe, was dressed in Nike Air tracky bottoms and a baseball cap
That was the Ukranian bloke then. Honestly, makes no odds how he's dressed and where he's from. The continuous footage of the middle-England country house obviously added to the intrigue and sense of incongruity but I'd have kept watching and enjoying if he lived in a Ukranian tower block.
Basically you either grow out of that sort of risk taking or die doing it.
Definitely, would be no surprise whatsoever to hear on the news that James or Mustang had just died from a fall. Almost expect it.
I think you've hit the nail on the head there. People are slating him because he won't conform like they had to. Good on him, good on him for jacking in school and going his own way, good on him for dealing with his issues in a positive way. Always inspires me to see people actually living their life rather than just buying it. My palms were getting seriously sweaty watching that though
Well said, and good luck to the lad, just hope you dont fall and injure someone on the way down, and hopefuly one day he will not need to be rescued alive , andf injured tieing up huge resourses of the emergency services.
selfish? I dont think his selfishness comes across as extreme, just ordinary.
family and loved ones? yep they will be upset and grieve but they will know him well enough to know he's doing what he wants with his life and I applaud, as I hope they do, a life less ordinary.
As for clearing up any mess when they fail, sure people have to but they have to clean up after boy racers crash cars. I'm not sure that argument holds water for me. we all die sometime and we all have to be cleared up. the only certain thing is in life is death.
Mustang had it right "tell the guy he's going to die someday too".
good on him for jacking in school
Yeah, because his current chosen "career" is sure to look after him far better than an education.
I self-moderated above, just for the sake of not getting baynned. But seriously, live and let live, eh?
This topic has been closed to new replies.


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Download your PDF guide to Jonzac
Jonzac is in the heart of Haute-Saintonge, and is one of the homes of cognac and Pineau des Charentes. A few years ago, the city discovered that their waters which are rich in minerals, had more uses than just quenching thirst. Jonzac
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Have you never had random occasional break outs?! Yeah me either. It's like you just wake up with a new skin accessory. It's hard to really label it acne. But those little bumps that seem to pop up in the same spot once a month when Aunt Spot comes to visit. Or when you just can't find the 75 seconds to grab a makeup wipe and rub the rouge off before bed. Or perhaps when you've skipped a couple days of water drinking. My solution years after hitting the "beauty" department at corner drug stores picking up face washes that had the most memorable commercial at the time, has been a total lifesaver. Rodan & Fields Unblemish regimen. Using the entire 4 step regimen 1 time a day has kept all of my little breakouts under control. Even the hormonal ones. Those doctors who created Proactiv, really figured this thing out with their new anti-aging skincare line. It really works. And here's the cherry on top, Unblemish also fades any dark spots those annoying bumps may have left behind. No need to even purchase another product for that. Give it try. I saw my results in 2 weeks. I triple dog dare you to just give it 60 days. You have nothing to lose, because you can get a full refund if it doesn't work for you.
Horrible Habits We Use to Cure AcneFebruary 25, 2016 0 comments
*Guest Post by Erica*
As humans, it is our nature that our endurance level is either sparse or limited, which is why we want everything to work miraculously with the blink of an eye. Take acne for instance – women skip through treatments to treatments as a hope that they might find a genie inside a skincare product, which would magically vanish their zits in a night so and grant them with a flawless skin the next morning.
People take acne more personally than they should – from locking oneself inside the room and awkwardly hiding face behind their hands every now and then to constantly looking at reflection in the mirror and wish that all the zits would automatically disappear depicts how terrible acne makes us feel. [Keep Reading]
Everything You Wanted to Know about Exposed Acne TreatmentFebruary 18, 2016 0 comments
Sick of zits? Us too!
And apparently so is the rest of the world because the industry continues to come out with even more products.
Now, let me preface this all by saying that we've reviewed Exposed Acne Treatment before (check it here!) and thought it was a pretty bomb product.
But we wanted to dive a little deeper and give you even more insight into what this product has to offer. Because let's be real for a second — ain't nobody got time for zits. [Keep Reading]
5 Natural Tips for Tattoo AftercareFebruary 11, 2016 0 comments
*Guest Post by Delan*
Getting tattoos is a great way to let your creativity shine and show the world a little bit about yourself and what you stand for without having to say a word. However, there is a healing period that follows once the ink is embedded beneath the skin.
From an open wound to itching, scabs, and more, it can feel like months as you wait for these common symptoms to subside and truly enjoy your new body art. There are five natural home remedy options you can employ to aid in the tattoo healing process you won't want to pass up. [Keep Reading]
60 Second Face Lift Review — Is it Just Hype?February 4, 2016 0 comments
I think it's pretty darn safe to say that the majority of people take great pride in their appearance. Maybe not alllll the time (seriously, you should see me hungover!), but when it comes to aging and environmental damage that can be done to my face, I take that sh*t seriously.
And like me, other beauty babes around the world really want something that can help with this too. [Keep Reading]
What are Dermal Fillers?January 28, 2016 0 comments
*Guest Post by Kevin*
Since Botox was first approved by the FDA in 2002, there has been a proliferation of facial injection products that help keep us looking young. These products fall broadly into two classes – neurotoxins and dermal fillers.
Neurotoxins include Botox and two competitors, Dysport and Xeomin. These products relax the frown lines between the eyes, the crow's feet on the sides of the eyes and the horizontal wrinkles above the brow. They smooth away fine lines and wrinkles by relaxing the muscles that cause them. The results will typically last 3-4 months.
Dermal fillers are a second category of injection products and they work very differently than neurotoxins. Whereas neurotoxins work to smooth wrinkles away by relaxing facial muscles around the eyes, dermal fillers replace fatty tissue and collagen that have been lost to the ageing process. [Keep Reading]
DIY Microdermabrasion Recipes that Will Blow Your MindJanuary 21, 2016 0 comments
With winter upon many of us, we must plan ahead for goodness sake.
Actually for our beauty and skins sake!
Harsh winter elements can really do a number on us. The wind, snow and cold all seem to band together and wage war against your skin. And let me tell you — the outcome is not pretty.
To truly put your best face forward, we're going to share a few of our fave DIY microdermabrasion recipes that are not only effective, but oh so easy to make at home.
Each one will help rejuvenate your skin so you look hotter than ever, despite the cold. Are you ready? Let's do this! [Keep Reading]
How to Get Gorgeous Skin by Eating HealthyJanuary 14, 2016 0 comments
*Guest Post by Dr. Crippen*
Our skin is the only outfit we never take off, and it needs to be cared for properly to keep its youthful appearance through the years. There are many habits you can take up that will protect your skin over time. Using sun protection when outdoors is a great first step is, and another one you might consider is eating for your skin. [Keep Reading]
DIY Gluten Free Body ButterJanuary 7, 2016 0 comments
Winter is here and before you know it your skin may feel dry, itchy and totally parched.
It's just awful, but as someone with super sensitive skin and a gluten-intolerance I can tell you that not just any old skin lotion will make it better.
As the seasons change, I find my body's needs change too. Simply put, I rotate my fave skincare products depending on the time of year. Going a little lighter in the summer (because who wants to feel oily) to full, deep moisture in the winter, I give my skin what it needs.
Now, if you're anything like me and have a gluten sensitivity, you know it's important to only use g-free products on your skin. And guess what beauties? This DIY gluten free body butter may be just what the doctor order this winter.
[Keep Reading]
Weird Beauty and Skincare Tricks that Actually WorkDecember 24, 2015 0 comments
*Guest Post by Johny*
It seems like a crazy idea to slather sticky honey on your skin or pour beer on your hair. People will either think you're into some kind of weird experiment or that you've lost your mind.
But you shouldn't care about what people think as long as you know what you're doing, right?
These strange, but surprisingly effective beauty fixes will resolve some of the most common beauty issues that you have. [Keep Reading]


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Fergie warns Young over diving
Sir Alex Ferguson has revealed he has "had a word" with Ashley Young as the Manchester United winger faces increasing criticism over diving.
Off The Ball: Cheats never prosper?
• Robson: Young getting a reputation
• QPR accuse Young of diving
• Gill expects busy summer
• Anderson and Pogba ruled out
• Celebrate 20 seasons of the Premier League
Young appeared to go down under minimal contact to win a penalty in the 2-0 victory over Queens Park Rangers earlier this month, and he faced fresh criticism over another alleged dive in the 4-0 win over Aston Villa the following week.
As a result, Ferguson has spoken to the player to advise him to avoid going down too easily.
"I have had a word with Ashley," Ferguson said. "He understands where we are coming from. Hopefully it makes a difference."
While it is hard to argue that the QPR incident did not have an effect - Shaun Derry was sent off for the challenge on Young, who had been in an offside position - Ferguson believes the penalty award against Villa's Ciaran Clark made little difference to the outcome.
"Last week, if the player doesn't bring Ashley down he is going to score," he said. "It was a clear goalscoring opportunity. He caught him and he did overdo the attempt to get a penalty. I am not sure he tried to get the penalty but he certainly went down quickly."
Although he acknowledges that Young must change his ways, Ferguson believes Manchester United are receiving undue criticism during an era when theatrics are becoming increasingly common.
Ferguson says the Champions League semi-final first legs this week featured significant levels of diving - Wayne Rooney even told Chelsea striker Didier Drogba to "pls get up" via Twitter after watching his performance against Barcelona on Wednesday.
"People have reacted because it is Manchester United," Ferguson said. "I watched Real Madrid and Bayern Munich the other night and it was absolutely ridiculous, players were diving and rolling about, nothing like what Young has been accused of.
"Then you see the other night in the Chelsea game. We are in an age where you expect it now."
Ferguson has reiterated his belief that decisions even themselves out over the course of a season.
"We didn't get one against Wigan during the week. We didn't scream from the rooftops about it. It happens," he said. "We got one given against us for Newcastle - we didn't scream about that either.
"You get bad decisions and good ones. Believe me, it does even itself out."
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AWB and the UN Oil-for-Food program
28 September 2009
Professor David Kinley says the AWB Iraqi scandal is a warning for others.
In an interview with ABC Rural, he says AWB Limited as a company has been dismembered; Australia's wheat trade has suffered; its international reputation is tarnished, and wheat farmers have lost share holder value and market protection from the single desk.
View the transcript - AWB Iraqi scandal a warning for others - ABC Rural
Contact: Greg Sherington
Phone: +61 2 9351 0202
Email: 2d160c25163c5b11191b2720260823033b0a0d54052f35277f0620


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Women workers, Lewiston, 1916
Contributed by Lewiston Public Library
Women are working at sewing machines and a man seems to be overseeing the floor at a Lewiston mill, perhaps at a shoe factory.
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Other Information
- Title: Women workers, Lewiston, 1916
- Creation Date: 1916
- Subject Date: 1916
- Town: Lewiston
- County: Androscoggin
- State: ME
- Media: phototransparency
- Dimensions: 2.25 cm x 3.5 cm
- Collection: Gridley Barrows Collection
- Object Type: Image
For more information about this item, contact:
Lewiston Public Library
200 Lisbon Street, Lewiston, ME 04240
(207) 513-3004
Cross Reference Searches
LC Subject Headings
Shoe industry
Bates Mill (Lewiston, Me.)--Photographs
Textile industry--Employees--Maine--Lewiston
Women working
Women sewing
Other Keywords
factory workers
Industry & work
Lewiston Mills
Sewing machines
shoe industry
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All Conferences
LIC Meetings
All Training
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Virtual Workplace Sessions
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Through this one-of-a-kind program, participants gain an understanding of the unique nature of the life insurance industry—the business strategy, industry structure, operations, products, terminology—and benefit from peer networking opportunities.
Program content includes:
NOTE: This program focuses on the Canadian insurance industry and does not cover the health insurance sector.
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LIMRA/LOMA members: CD$2,593.35 ($2,295 + $298.35 HST)
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The people's voice
Many who smart from the election of Donald Trump with a minority vote campaign for a change in the Constitution. However, they don't acknowledge the next obvious step — a redistribution of senators. Virginia now has two senators as do California, New York and Illinois. A redistribution of senators by population could result in Rhode Island sharing a senator with Boston and Chicago, New York City and Los Angles having their own senator.
If we think gerrymandering of congressional districts is hard, think about a senator representing more than one state! And our evolved two-party system would be dead.
With 20-20 hindsight, the election...


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DALLAS - Rev. Andrew Stoker's meals of late have been about as humbling as any sermon he might preach at Sunday service.
Sunday, he implored his congregation at First United Methodist Church in downtown Dallas to join him and his family in taking part of the North Texas Food Bank's SNAP Challenge.
SNAP, which stands for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, is the federal food assistance program. In August, nearly 380,000 people—the majority of which were children—received benefits in Dallas County that provided a total of about $4.50 to cover all three daily meals.
With careful planning, Stoker found it could be accomplished, but noticed a rumbling in his stomach.
"I was quite hungry today," he said. "I think because I didn't have my afternoon snack."
When talking with his family at the dinner table, he got a surprising answer when he asked one of his young sons how he felt after one day of the challenge.
"I'm feeling worried about how I'm going to survive through this," his son answered.
Stoker believes if more people experienced a day living on SNAP assistance there would likely be more private donations to pick up where public money leaves off.
"Part of giving is somehow enacting that empathetic part of ourselves," he said. "What is it that tugs our heart?"
After just day one of a week-long challenge, Stoker said he felt the pain of hunger in his heart and certainly in his stomach.
"The beauty is it ends after a week," he said. "The sad reality is for a lot of our folks it doesn't end after a week."
Through its community outreach program, First United Methodist Church of Dallas is encouraging others to take the SNAP Challenge and to donate to help end hunger. For more information, click here.


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by Jackie Eby
(Plaquemine, LA)
Little blue bird that showed up when we were filling the bird feeders in our yard. I hope someone can identify this little beauty.
Comments for SMALL BLUE BIRD
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Join in and write your own page! It's easy to do. How? Simply click here to return to What Is This Bird?.
Nov 24, 17 11:13 PM
Junco Size, Grey Body, Yellow Rump, Bandit Eye Mask Black that sweeps around face from behind eye to behind eye, Mask is narrow above the beak with White
Nov 21, 17 10:29 PM
All white except on the ventral tufts which are turquoise. We live in Tortola
Nov 18, 17 12:21 AM
we are in central florida and see a small bird with a off white or cream colored chest that makes clicking sounds...have looked for hours and cant find


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Coconut & Monoi Coconut Milk Foaming Co-Wash gently cleanses, refreshes, and nourishes hair and scalp with our ultra-hydrating blend of Coconut Milk, Coconut Oil, Monoi Oil and Sunflower Oil. This sulfate- and surfactant- free cleansing conditioner delivers a natural, lightweight cleansing foam rich with silk proteins to strengthen and condition hair without stripping hair of its natural oils or leaving a gummy residue. Provides smooth detangling and frizz control with a silky, soft finish. For all hair textures, including fine hair.
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Step 1: Wet hair.
Step 2: Apply Coconut & Monoi Cocnut Milk Foaming Co-Wash and lather. Rinse thoroughly. Repeat as necessary. WARNING: Keep hair away from open flame or any source of ignition. For external use only. Keep out of reach of children.
Aqua/Water/Eau, Propanediol, Glycerin, Cetrimonium Chloride, PEG-12 Dimethicone, Dimethiconol Panthenol, Caprylyl Glycol, Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Hydroxypropyl Guar, Fragrance (Parfum), Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Water, Hydrolyzed Milk Protein, Silk Amino Acids, Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil, Gardenia Taitensis (Tiare) Flower Extract, Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Milk, Helianthus Annus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Coumarin, Limonene


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Friday September 13, 2013
There may not be a more perfect food than donuts. But you need not sell your soul a la Homer Simpson just to get your hands on the ideal fried, glazed pastry. We've spotlighted some of the country's best donut shops, from classic mid-century spots that never change to places that are reinventing the donut as we know it, testing size limitations and piling on unorthodox toppings.
The Buttermilk Drop (New Orleans, LA)
You might recognize owner Dwight Henry from his role in the critically acclaimed film Beasts of the Southern Wild, but he's been a baker far longer than he's been in the acting game. Locals eagerly line up at his Seventh Ward restaurant, The Buttermilk Drop, for beignets, glazed donuts, king cakes, and most of all the signature buttermilk drops.
Dominique Ansel Bakery (New York, NY)
Whether you'd wait two hours for one or you're growing weary of the hype and media saturation, there's no denying that Cronuts, the much ballyhooed hybrid creation of former Daniel pastry chef Dominique Ansel, have made an indelible impression on the country's donut and pastry landscape.
The Donut Hole Cafe & Bakery (Destin, FL)
When it comes to breakfast at the beach, there's nothing better than a box of donuts. This longtime Destin favorite is happy to satiate your early morning sugar cravings with red velvet, apple crumb, and vanilla and chocolate angels among popular choices. Locals swear by the key lime pie as well.
Dough in the Box (Marietta, GA)
Marietta hidden gem Dough in the Box is an old-school mom-and-pop donut shop owned by Jesus Balestena and his wife Diana — former customers of the same shop who liked it so much they bought the place. They open at 5 am daily to serve up their signature apple and blueberry fritters and sour cream old-fashioned donuts (these sell out quickly).
Dynamo Donut & Coffee (San Francisco, CA)
Specializing in raised yeast cake doughnuts, ever-popular Dynamo Donut & Coffee may be best known for its maple-glazed apple doughnut topped with crispy bacon bits. Other inventive varieties include Chocolate Star Anise, Lemon Sichuan, and Molasses Guiness Pear.
Gourdough's (Austin, TX)
Gourdough's doles out some of the world's wackiest donuts from a vintage Airstream Trailer to the delight of Austin's late-night noshers. These fried-to-order monster donuts come in flavors such as The Carney (apple pie filling, cream cheese icing, caramel and peanuts), Heavenly Hash, and the Mother Clucker (topped with fried chicken strips and honey butter).
Home Cut Donuts (Joliet, IL)
In the far southwest suburbs of Chicago, Joliet's Homecut Donuts, founded in 1966, delivers everything you'd want in a classic, old-school donut shop. Kids, old men reading the paper at the counter and hipsters looking for a late-night bite all adore Home Cut, particularly their glazed cherry cake donuts, apricot-filled donuts and angel cream eclairs (pictured below).
Mighty-O Donuts (Seattle, WA)
Cholesterol-free vegan donuts?? Don't declare "blasphemy!" until you've taken on one of the dense heavyweights at Seattle's Mighty-O Donuts. These decidedly non-wimpy donuts come in varieties such as French toast, coconut-topped chocolate (the Don King), and pumpkin-spice (available seasonally).
Nickel Diner (Los Angeles, CA)
Fashioned into a 1940s-style diner, Nickel Diner draws crowds of hungry hungry hipsters and downtown brunchers with its quick service, bottomless cups of coffee and solid diner fare. Their delicious, hefty Maple Bacon Donut has garnered attention and accolades from many food publications, but don't sleep on their Irish Car Bomb Donut (pictured below) filled with whiskey-cream.
Tato-Nut (Ocean Springs, MS)
Family owned and operated by the Mohlers since 1960, Tato Nut in downtown Ocean Springs survived Katrina (much to the relief of its many devotees), although you can still buy oblong "Katrina Pieces" from the pastry case. Locals happily line up out the door for their unique potato-based donuts, from their classic glazed to Persians, a cinnamony honey bun-like treat.
Voodoo Doughnut (Portland, OR)
Piling up accolades from countless magazines, TV shows and frosting fanboys, Portland's Voodoo Doughnut just may be the world's most famous donut shop at the moment. In large part responsible for the trend of new-school donuts with outrageous toppings and flavor combinations, Voodoo features the likes of Bacon Maple Bars, cereal-topped donuts, and the raspberry-filled, chocolate-frosting topped voodoo doll-shaped donut.


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Season Event
Works from the Fairfax Art League
- April 10, 2013 - April 26, 2013
Mason Hall Atrium Gallery
The School of Art exhibitions and lectures are free.
For additional information, call 703-993-8950 or email Solomon Wondimu at email@example.com.
The support the School of Art, please call 703-993-4749 or email Kate Leeds-Brody at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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A doctor who helped the CIA find Osama bin Laden has been barred from leaving Pakistan, a commission investigating the killing of the al-Qaida leader said Tuesday.
Dr. Shakil Afridi ran a phony vaccination program in the Pakistani town where the al-Qaida leader hid in an effort to obtain a DNA sample from him. Afridi is being detained by Pakistani authorities, but has not been charged with any crime.
American officials want him released, and his fate has become a complicating issue in strained relations between the two country's spy services. There has been speculation Afridi and his family may leave Pakistan if he is freed.
The government-appointed commission said Tuesday that Afridi and other people who are wanted for questioning are banned from leaving Pakistan without special clearance.
The commission has been tasked with investigating how bin Laden managed to hide in the army town of Abbottabad for so long, and the circumstances surrounding the U.S. operation. It is headed by a Supreme Court justice, and its members are a retired general, a former diplomat, a former police chief and a civil servant.
In July, it issued an order banning the wives and children of bin Laden from leaving the country. They have been detained since the night of the raid, but there had been indications Pakistani authorities were intending to deport one or all of them to their native countries.
Washington did not tell Pakistan about the raid on bin Laden beforehand, triggering anger here that was fed by the country's media and the army. Western concerns that elements of Pakistan's security forces may have sheltered the world's most-wanted terrorist did not receive as much attention.


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Artist Opportunities
The following artist opportunities are listed as a service to artists in our community. CVA receives these notifications from many sources, and assumes no liability for their content. This page serves as a resource for artists and will list calls for artists, educational opportunities, events, etc. If your arts organization has information they would like listed on this page please e-mail Shawnee Becker: Media, Programs, and Design Development Coordinator at firstname.lastname@example.com
Deadline: Ongoing
Deadline: Ongoing
Sola Gratia Classical Academy is looking for artists, authors, poets, musicians, etc. to share their talents with lower elementary to middle school students during lunch.
Friday, March 10, 2017
CALL FOR ARTISTS Ninth Annual Small Treasures Juried Exhibit
Friday, May 19, 2017
Seeking ceramic work of all varieties: pottery, sculpture, wall sculpture, tiles and (if mainly clay) jewelry, mosaic, lamps, etc. Themed exhibits of 8 weeks. Consignment basis.
Tuesday, August 1, 2017
Town of Cary is now accepting app


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House of Cards
In this episode of EconPop, Andrew discusses the Emmy award-winning Netflix original series House of Cards. Subjects include public choice theory, rent seeking, regulatory capture, and the incentives that drive political corruption.
EconPop is the YouTube series that sifts through the haystack of popular culture to find the needle of economics within… and then stabs you with it!
Starring comedian Andrew Heaton, EconPop takes a surprisingly deep look at the economic themes running through classic films, new releases, tv shows and more from the best of pop culture and entertainment. Heaton brings a unique mix of dry wit and whimsy to bear on the dismal science of economics and the result is always entertaining, educational and irreverent. It's Econ 101 meets At The Movies, with a dash of Monty Python.
For the real econ geeks (that's us!) the EconPop Podcast deepens the conversation with 30 minutes of in-depth discussion between Heaton, economist Steven Horwitz and professor of literature Paul Cantor.


text:
GraphicRiver Social Share Logo Template 8390193
Category: Logo Template | Comment: ( 0 )
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Open your device settings.
Tap on Wireless & Networks
Tap on Wi-Fi Settings
Tap on bsuguest in the list of Wi-Fi networks. Your device will connect to the bsuguest wireless network.
You must then open your mobile browser and agree to the terms of use before you will be able to access the Internet.
If you are faculty, staff or a student at Ball State then we recommend connecting your mobile device to the BSUSecure wireless network. The BSUGuest network is for visitors of Ball State and therefore has limitations and restrictions.
Keywords: Droid, wireless network, network, Wi-Fi, bsuguest, Droid access, Internet.


text: Eweek security Windows Hook Flaw Enables Attackers to Bypass Antivirus Programs The Captain Hook risk is set to be exposed at Black Hat, but most vendors have already patched the vulnerability. Most antivirus security technologies at one level or another require some manner of system hook to work on a Microsoft Windows operating system. According to research set to be presented on Aug. 3 at the Black Hat USA conference in Las... #bypass #hooking #yavo Tweet Source: www.eweek.com Read More


text: its the new era of smokers here at the Border City Pit, I have got the inaugural cook for the WSM with some spares and Baby backs. Using a Cherry-Balsamic wet rub on half while the other half get the Classic Brown sugar Rub. For wood I am using a cherry wood with some hickory. At the Three hour mark I will put some potatoe skins in there.


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with Edna Goebel Johnson (EJ)
Conducted by Joyce Reinhardt Larson (JL)
28 October 1994, Horace, North Dakota
Transcription by Joyce Reinhardt Larson
Editing by Mary Lynn Axtman
JL: I am Joyce Reinhardt Larson and I am interviewing Edna Goebel Johnson. We are in Horace, North Dakota. This is October 28, 1994. This interview is for the North Dakota State University Library, Germans from Russia Heritage Collection.
JL: So Edna, we are going to begin asking your name, date of birth, and where you were born.
EJ: My name is Edna Goebel Johnson and I was born in Lehr, North Dakota, on June 2, 1918.
JL: So, that makes you how old now?
EJ: I am 76.
JL: What was your father's name?
EJ: My father's name was Friedrich Goebel and he came from Glückstal, Russia and he was only four years old when he came here.
JL: Who did he come with?
EJ: He came with his parents and his brothers and sisters. There were just five in the family. There was two boys and three girls.
JL: They came from Glückstal then?
EJ: Yes, in South Russia.
JL: What was your mother's name? Did she grow up in Russia too?
EJ: No. My mother grew up in Eureka, South Dakota. Her maiden name was Katharina Kessler Goebel. They too only had five in the family. There were four girls and one boy.
JL: Her family, they had come from Russia earlier?
EJ: I imagine they came from Russia, earlier.
JL: Was there a big age difference between your father and mother?
EJ: No, there was only four years. My mother, her parents died when my mother was only thirteen years old. The baby was four months old, so they were just given out to whoever took them, of the relatives.
JL: Is that right? So, how many sisters and brothers did you have in your family?
EJ: I had three brothers and six sisters. That would make ten of us.
JL: Well, that would make nine. But with yourself, were there seven girls?
EJ: Seven girls and three boys.
JL: What are their names?
EJ: Yes. There was Anna, Ted, Magdalena, Martha, Erna, [? Herman], Walter, Edna, Violet, Esther, and Eldon.
JL: Did your father or grandfather ever tell you anything about the old country in Russia?
EJ: Not really, because my dad was only four years old and my grandpa died when I was five years old.
JL: So, you just wouldn't have any memories?
EJ: I just don't remember. I imagine he talked about it but...
JL: So, you don't remember any old stories from the old country?
EJ: I really don't. All I remember him saying is, that it was so beautiful over there and then coming to settle. The area they settled [in] was so rocky and hilly. That's the only thing I remember of him saying, how beautiful it was, where they came from.
JL: I've heard that before. That it was quite nice over there, and coming over here was a shock.
EJ: But yet, we can be so thankful that our parents or our ancestors made that [trip]. Where would we be today if our ancestors wouldn't have made that?
JL: Yes. You hear about people that did stay behind and they have had just nothing but trouble. Very tough life.
EJ: That's right. So, we can be very thankful that they ventured out.
JL: Right. Was the church an important part of your life when you were growing up?
EJ: Yes, it was.
JL: And where was it that you did grow up?
EJ: I grew up at Lehr, ND. We first lived out on the farm, about nine miles north of Lehr. Church was a very important thing in our life. We went by sleds, by buggy.
JL: Was it quite a ways from the farm?
EJ: Well, I would say it was about three miles from the farm.
JL: What kind of church was it?
EJ: It was a Baptist Church.
JL: Was it a pretty big church?
EJ: No.
JL: Were you surrounded by people of other religions?
EJ: No, not really. It was mostly Methodist and Baptist in that little area. The Lutherans came in later on, but it was mostly Baptist. Some Seventh Day Adventist.
JL: Did you speak German growing up then?
EJ: Oh, yes.
JL: So, your songs were sung in German?
EJ: Oh, yes. And had to go to Sunday School in German.
JL: Was there confirmation in German then, too?
EJ: We didn't have confirmation.
JL: Do you remember a lot of those German songs?
EJ: Oh, yes. We had a song book, I think I still have it here. A songbook that had the verses in English and German.
JL: That's helpful. Was music a part of your family at all?
EJ: Not really.
JL: Not a musical family then? Just singing in church and so on?
EJ: Yes.
JL: How about like school and your education?
EJ: See, I didn't go to the country school, but my older sisters and brothers went.
JL: Oh.
See, when we moved into town in 1923, and then I went to school in town.
JL: Oh, I see. Because you were younger? So, did you go through first grade through eighth grade there or what?
EJ: Through high school in Lehr.
JL: That was done in English then?
EJ: Oh, yes.
JL: But your sisters and brothers, did they go to a German speaking school in country school then?
EJ: No. The country school was in English too, at that time. The teachers usually boarded at my parents house.
JL: Oh, they did. So that was a way to learn English too, I suppose.
EJ: Oh, yes.
JL: Did your parents push education? Where they all for that?
EJ: Not really. You couldn't afford it.
JL: Was there too much to be done around home?
EJ: My sister and I both went to Ellendale to school. I just went to one year and she just went one year too. She taught school and I did too, after just one year. I wasn't cut out to be a teacher, though.
JL: You mean after high school in Lehr, you went to Ellendale to college?
EJ: See, we didn't have..., when my sister went to high school, we only had a two year high school. Then she finished up in Ashley and then later on, they had the full four years of high school in there. But when she was going, she went to Ashley to finish up her high school.
JL: Did she always want to be a teacher then?
EJ: Not really. She just taught two years.
JL: She went to Ellendale and you did too then, to get one year of college?
EJ: Yes. In those days, you didn't have school buses. Like, I stayed two miles away from the school and you drove with horse and buggy and the school house was cold. You had these old hard coal heaters. So, it was a job.
JL: Yes. Where did you teach?
EJ: North of Lehr.
JL: In a country school, then?
EJ: Yes, in a country school.
JL: Were you responsible for getting the fire going in the morning?
EJ: Oh, yes. But I was fortunate that I had a family that lived closer to the school and one of the boys would go over and start the fire by the time we would get there.
JL: A one room school house?
EJ: Yes. We'd sometimes would bring in potatoes and lay them into the ash pot and have baked potatoes. The pot bellied
stove in the middle of the room.
JL: And lunch buckets not too far away, or else they would freeze?
EJ: Or else they'd freeze.
JL: And the outhouse?
EJ: Oh yes, and the ice on the toilet seats.
JL: Such memories! So, what were some of the things that you had to do when you were a child? I suppose the family kept you very busy?
EJ: Oh, yes. We had to see to it to clean the chicken house, fed the chickens, had to milk the cow.
JL: Only one cow?
EJ: Maybe, we had two cows.
JL: But you were farmers, right?
EJ: No. When my dad moved into to town, he went into a garage business.
JL: But you were still able to have a cow, then?
EJ: We were able to have cows, geese, ducks, whatever you wanted, right in town.
JL: So, he had a garage business?
EJ: Yes. See after these deaths in the family, then he just decided to quit farming and we moved into town and he went into business.
JL: Was that better for him?
EJ: Oh, yes.
JL: When you say you had deaths in the family, what do you mean?
EJ: When Ted and Magdalena [her older brother and sister] died, my dad was on the jury in Napolean and he didn't even make it home. Because they died of the Black Diphtheria. Well, most of them died of that. And then, the next year or two years after that, two of my sisters and myself, we were all in one bed and had the Black Diphtheria. My sisters died and I pulled through.
JL: Is that right? What year was that when they died?
EJ: Oh, that could have been back then..., in 1920 or 1921.
JL: Was that going around?
EJ: Yah.
JL: And two sisters died of it? And they just stayed at home?
EJ: All three of them in one bed, and they died and I pulled through.
JL: How old were you?
EJ: I must have been four. And then after that, my dad moved into town.
JL: And your brothers died of that too?
EJ: One brother died, earlier. Then Magdalena died earlier, of that too.
JL: So, four of the ten kids died of that?
EJ: Yes, died of that.
JL: Do you remember the flu of 1918 or 1919?
EJ: Well, it could have been with the flu too, and not just diphtheria.
JL: Why do you call it Black Diphtheria?
EJ: That's just what they called it then. I don't know why they called it that. It took a lot of people at that time.
JL: Any other relatives?
EJ: Not any that I recall.
JL: Was there a doctor in the area?
EJ: There was one in Wishek, but he just didn't get there all the time. They had to use their own remedies.
JL: What are some of the remedies that you remember?
EJ: When my mother cooked up wormwood and horseradish and I had to inhale that.
JL: When she cooked that up, did she use the leaves then to cook?
EJ: She added water. That had to be hot and I had to inhale that stuff.
JL: Was that used for colds?
EJ: I must have had tonsillitis, because it broke and I haven't had tonsil trouble since.
JL: How about if you were cut? Just think of all the injuries there could be on a farm. What did you use?
EJ: All right. I'll tell you another deal. When we were on the farm, my sister made lunch and I was suppose to carry lunch down to where they were heddering at that time. I was stubborn and I didn't do it. I ran down to where they were working without the lunch. Then, when I saw my sister come over the hill with the lunch, I got scared and I hid on the hedder. My dad was just pulling out the hedder knife and he cut my finger.
JL: Oh, my.
EJ: My mother never went to a doctor. She took her white petticoat and tied that finger down and I got a good licking and went home.
JL: No stitches? It was certainly deep enough for that.
EJ: Oh, sure. You see it here. It almost cut the whole finger off.
JL: Did you ever put anything else on it then?
EJ: I don't remember, but I ran home then. I was scared and I hid in the toilet and went to sleep. When they couldn't find me, they thought I had run away, you know. But the finger isn't even crooked. Never went to the doctor.
JL: Just kept it wrapped up with a clean cloth?
EJ: Yes.
JL: You had to make do, right? How about poultices? Do you remember those being used, and for what?
EJ: Oh, yes. They were used to draw. If you had any infection, to draw that infection to a point.
JL: What were they made out of?
EJ: Made a paste made of cream and flour.
JL: What do you do? Put that on the sore?
EJ: And then she put it on the cloth and then put that cloth onto the sore and then draw it to a point.
JL: So, you remember the cream and flour one?
EJ: There was another with onion. Or heat salt and put it on something. Or onion plaster too. I even did it for my kids, when they had colds or something, and put it on their chest. They used to scream their heads off for the smell of the onion.
JL: So, you cook the onion first?
EJ: Yah. Kind of stew the onion a little and then put it on their chest while it's real warm. It's for colds and that.
JL: Maybe that was used instead of Vicks? How about the salt? Did you ever use that?
EJ: Well, our son had a lot of trouble with ear aches. We tried everything. We blowed smoke into his ear, poured milk in his ear, and the best thing that would work was, I would take salt and heat it. Put it in a bag and then lay his ear on a salt bag. I said, "I'm suprised he isn't deaf today for all the junk that we put in his ear." It seemed like every time there was something going on, he would end up with an earache.
JL: Now days, he would probably have had the tubes and all that. What about midwives?
EJ: My aunt was a midwife. Most of us were. That was the doctor. She was the midwife. In our family, there was only one of us that had the doctor. That was my brother, that is living today.
JL: Was he the youngest or something?
EJ: He was born in Lehr, in town. And then mother had a doctor for him.
JL: But all the other ones were with a midwife?
EJ: Yes.
JL: That was your aunt, you say?
EJ: Yes, and they never had any children. She was my dad's sister and was the midwife.
JL: Did she do other kinds of healing?
EJ: Not that I know of. Her speciality was delivering.
JL: Have you ever heard of these women that did Brauche?
EJ: Oh, yes.
JL: Tell me about that. I'm interested in that. Do you know of anyone who did that?
EJ: Well, we still have one gal that lives around Ashley. I don't know what her name is. But she still does that.
JL: Really?
EJ: But, I think it's your belief that helps. You have to believe that it's going to help you.
JL: A positive attitude and faith? So, what do you think she does? What is Brauche to you?
EJ: She just kind of goes along with her fingers on whatever hurts you.
JL: Does she say something then?
EJ: She says something, not out loud.
JL: Is it like a prayer?
EJ: A prayer like thing, yes.
JL: Was that used in those days? Do you remember?
EJ: Oh, yes.
JL: So, if there was a certain kind of sickness? Like what? When would you think about calling in a Brauche?
EJ: Gosh, I wouldn't even know what. I suppose with... for something that didn't heal. You know, if they tried everything that they could and it wouldn't heal, they could call in a Brauche.
JL: Do you remember your family using one?
EJ: I don't remember much of that.
JL: Where they looked on as being a little different?
EJ: Odd. They were looked on as being odd.
JL: I wonder why? [The way] they went about their daily life?
EJ: I don't know. I know the last time I was home, we drove by that place and they say she still does that. I said, "well, she must be making money, because she sure built on to her home since we lived down there.
JL: Do you think they did take money for their services?
EJ: Oh, yes.
JL: They did? So, there still is one. She must be an elderly lady.
EJ: I just can't think of her name right now.
JL: Do you remember any other folk medicine in your family?
EJ: Green drops. That was a great deal.
JL: What did they do for you?
EJ: They were used for upset stomach or anything like that. Or, another thing that my mother used on me for sore throat was to swab your mouth out with kerosene.
JL: Oh, my! Do you think that worked?
EJ: I had kind of an eczema on me and my mother used goose lard and blue vetrol, which is a kind of poison. I don't know what it is.
JL: How would you spell that? Vetrol?
EJ: Something like that. She used that on me and I had to stand by the register so that the heat would come up. And my sister happened to be home, she lived in Rugby. And I just laid in bed, with my feet up in the air. My sister took me downstairs at five o'clock in the morning and said, 'ma, if you don't give Edna a bath, I will! She'll DIE this way!' But, it cured it.
JL: Is that right? Do you remember peddlers coming around and selling stuff, sometimes?
EJ: No, that I don't remember. I do remember the Watkins and Jewel Tea. They used to have groceries and go from house to house. Then they would have these dishes that they would, you know, if you bought so much, you would get a dish from them.
JL: What is something you could say [that] you learned most from your mother?
EJ: The ability to work and cooking.
JL: Did you always like to cook?
EJ: Yes. At first, we never used to make kuchen and stuff like that, and she would say, 'You better learn how. I'm not going to be here all the time.'
JL: So, she taught you how?
EJ: She taught us how. I never thought that I would ever bake 250 kuchen for one occasion.
JL: Do you use her recipe? Do you have some of her old recipes?
EJ: Oh, just not measure anything. Just pour it.
JL: Oh, you mean you're that kind of a cook?
EJ: Oh, yes. That kind.
JL: A hand full of flour and a little shake of the salt shaker?
EJ: When I go to my daughter'in'law's house, I wash more measuring cups and spoons, which I think is not necessary.
JL: Well, we younger people don't understand that. We don't have that knack! Tell me some of the other things that you made? That your mother made, beside kuchen.
EJ: Okay, like the Einlaufsuppe [egg drop soup] or the Eisuppe, that some of them say. Like Knepfla. And there was one recipe my sister and I are still upset that we never got, is schlitzküchla. There are recipes now that are soft, but her's was dry. That was our Good Friday meal all the time. [The meal] was noodles, prunes, and schlitzküchla.
JL: No meat?
EJ: No meat on Good Friday. I still have a hard time eating meat on Good Friday.
JL: Not other Fridays, right?
EJ: Not other Fridays, just on Good Friday. That was always noodles, prunes, and schlitzküchla. And in the evening, we would have waffles.
JL: Did she have a waffle iron at home?
EJ: Oh, yes. At their twenty'fifth anniversary, the church gave them a round waffle iron, which my son has now.
JL: Now those schlitzküchla, do you make them yet?
EJ: I make them, but it's not that dry. Mine are more like the doughnut dough and they're soft. But hers were dry. But neither my sister nor I have that recipe. See, mother didn't use recipes. Her recipe book was about like this [thin].
JL: Real thin?
EJ: Yes, and they were in German. My mother had just the script. She wrote the script, not the modern way of writing. She had the real German way of writing. None of us learned how.
JL: That's too bad. What about those recipes? Does anyone have a copy of them?
EJ: Oh, I have them. But I don't know where they are at right now. I'll have to look for them and show them to you, sometime.
JL: That is something to hang on to. So what other things did you learn to make from our mother? Did you make fleischküchla at home?
EJ: No. See, that wasn't our [German'Russian cooking] trait. Where I learned how to make Fleischküchla was in the cafe, when we had the cafe. I had some guys from New Salem [there] and they were doing electrical work at the churches, and they wanted fleischküchla. I never made those. They said, 'well, that's German.' So, then one weekend, when he went home, he brought the recipe down and that's how I got started making fleischküchla. But I wasn't too crazy about their recipe, because it had cream in it and when you deep fried it, it was just kind of soft in the inside, the dough part. So, I made up my own recipe, in which I just use eggs and flour.
JL: What did you use for the moisture part of it?
EJ: Water. Just eggs, flour and water. And they were more flaky and more of the fluffy kind.
JL: And you seasoned your hamburger with what?
EJ: I season it with salt, pepper, garlic, and liquid smoke.
JL: When did you start your cafe in Lehr?
EJ: In 1944, I think.
JL: And you had it for how many years?
EJ: Thirty four years.
JL: What were your most famous dishes that people would request?
EJ: Chicken and dumplings. The dumplings that are made out of the raised dough. Schuphnoodla.
JL: Is that what you called them? How do you spell that?
EJ: No. I haven't seen it in print.
JL: I've heard of it. My mother used to make those, but I didn't know they were [called] schuphnoodla.
EJ: I can't find the recipie right now.
JL: What other sweet things did you make, beside kuchen?
EJ: An apple pie or chocolate pie or something like that.
JL: But nothing more German in that line?
EJ: No.
JL: How about cookies? Did you make honey cookies?
EJ: Oh, yes. They are German and [also] ammonia cookies.
JL: Ammonia cookies? Is that German?
EJ: Yes. And Schlitzküchla. You roll those Schlitzküchla and they used sour cream in that [recipie] and I just didn't like that dough. It got harder to work with.
JL: Could you tell me your recipe for fleishküchla?
EJ: It's just eggs and flour and shortening.
JL: What kind of shortening?
EJ: I use Crisco and water.
JL: How many eggs for one batch of fleischküchla?
EJ: Okay. You could maybe use about six cups of flour and about four eggs and maybe about three'fourths cup of shortening and salt.
JL: And enough water to make it soft?
EJ: And just enough water so you can roll it out.
JL: Do you roll it out right away or do you leave it set awhile?
EJ: I like to leave it set for awhile. We also had a lot of plachenta, out of pumpkin. Borscht and plachenta.
JL: How did you make your borscht soup? With beets?
EJ: No, my family didn't like beets. So, I just made mine with potatoes, a little rice, tomatoes, and now I put celery in. But in those days, you didn't use celery and stuff like that. And onions too.
JL: Anything green from the garden?
EJ: Gruena borscht? Oh, yes. In the spring, when the peas and beans and carrots and green onions come up.
JL: Yes. All the fine green things. How about beet leaves?
EJ: Oh yes, that I like. Finely cut beet leaves and cabbage leaves from the garden.
JL: Oh!
EJ: Just take the cabbage leaves, and dill too.
JL: Did you make a chicken stock?
EJ: No stock at all. Just cook that, and then you would mix an egg and cream and then put that broth into that.
JL: Oh, I didn't know about that. Would that thicken it?
EJ: Oh, that kind of made it a lighter color.
JL: It doesn't have a nice color, does it?
EJ: No. But it made it a lighter color, but you couldn't boil it after that. You could just heat it up, otherwise, it would curdle.
JL: So, that's a German thing? What would you serve that with? Homemade bread?
EJ: Yah, mostly homemade bread.
JL: What did you use for yeast in those days?
EJ: Ewiger Saatz [Everlasting Yeast]. Somebody would start their yeast and then when you cook potatoes and water, you would put this quart of yeast into this and leave it set overnight then. Then in the morning, you would take a quart of yeast off again and just keep that. That's what you would call Ewiger Saatz.
JL: I have heard of that, but I have no idea how to spell it. Maybe we could find it in some of your cookbooks, but I doubt that.
EJ: I doubt that too.
JL: You just keep that yeast going? You had to have some initial yeast to get it started?
EJ: See, you used to be able to get the square yeast, the dry, square yeast and that's how they would start it. Or, if your's would go bad, you could always go the neighbor and get her to save you a quart, when she made the yeast.
JL: A whole quart? How much would it take for a batch of bread, then?
EJ: Yes. a whole quart. Well, like in the cafe, I used to make from twelve to thirteen loaves at one time.
JL: With one quart of yeast?
EJ: Well, when you cook up your potato water, you would maybe cook up a quart and a half, and then add this quart of yeast to it. Then you would have that quart and a half or whatever you needed to make your bread dough.
JL: It made good bread, I bet?
EJ: Made good bread.
JL: Did you ever make bread with mashed potatoes?
EJ: No, just potato water.
JL: What about the German meats?
EJ: Well, we had the homemade sausage, and the chicken. Dad used to have sheep. We used to have a lot of lamb meat. Then, you had your goose and duck and turkey. And that was all home grown.
JL: How about sauerbraten?
EJ: See, that's not ours [German-Russian cooking]. That's the Germans again. Our's is the German-Russian food. There is a difference. Now, my sister-in-law, her dad was from Germany, and they made wienerschnitzel, sauerbraten and stuff like that. Lentil soup, too. They made that kind of stuff. And then they made their borscht with beets and where we didn't. We used the beet leaves for the gruena borscht in our family.
JL: I thought that maybe, with all your cooking, you made sauerbraten.
EJ: I have a recipe for it that someone gave me but I never made it. I have made the wienerschnitzel. There you have to have the veal. You take and you pound your veal and dip it into egg, into flour, and back into egg. Then, just fry it a little bit and put it in the oven. It's very, very good.
JL: Then you make a crust for it?
EJ: That's just like a crust [coating] for it.
JL: Oh, that is the crust?
EJ: Yah, that is the crust. And then you put it into the oven to finish up the baking of the meat. But don't lay it on top of each other, because then it gets soggy like. It should be crispy. It should be separate on the pan.
JL: Is there anything else you would to say about cooking? Other things you have made?
EJ: Well, in those days, you didn't have the opportunity to buy your greens and stuff like that. So, a lot of stuff from the garden was canned, your carrots, beans, peas. And in those days, everything was canned.
JL: But, then in the wintertime, you wouldn't make gruena borscht, would you? That had to be fresh.
EJ: No, you wouldn't. Like the sauerkraut, that wasn't put into jars, or your pickles. That was put into a wooden barrel, and then you take the pickles off the top. You would have this ugly foam on top, but that didn't hurt.
JL: That kept them? They were good and salty then, too?
EJ: Good and salty, and the sauerkraut too.
JL: How about the pickled watermelon?
EJ: Yes, we made those.
JL: How did you do that? With the whole watermelon?
EJ: Well, to make pickled watermelon, you put enough salt in [the brine], so that when you put an egg in, it stays [floats] on top.
JL: Is that right? Then you knew you had enough salt?
EJ: Then you knew you had enough salt in there.
JL: Oh, that's interesting.
EJ: My mother made a lot of pfeffernüsse and cookies like that, you know.
JL: What about this watermelon now? Did you do it whole, the rind and everything?
EJ: Yah. We did it when they were whole. You usually had these little watermelons. That had to stay, usually until Christmas, until it was ready to eat.
JL: Did you eat the whole thing?
EJ: You peel the watermelon. Just eat the inside of it, not the rind. It was pickled then in the brine.
JL: That was an easy way of doing it then. Just throw the whole watermelon in there then?
EJ: Yah. When my mother used to make a little wine and we would have to go and pick the chokecherries to make the wine out of. You know what we had to stomp with? We had to wash our feet and stomp on the chokecherries in a tub, to get the juice out of it.
JL: Is that right? So, just wash all the kid's feet and put them in the tub?
EJ: Put them into the tub and start stomping.
JL: It made good wine though, right? Did she make dandelion wine too?
EJ: No, just made the chokecherry.
JL: How about jellies?
EJ: Oh, lots of jellies. They had chokecherries, gooseberries, juneberrys.
JL: What other wild berries were used? I can only think of chokecherries and juneberrys.
EJ: Yes, those and gooseberries.
JL: How about wild plums?
EJ: Yah. Lots of plums and lots of apples.
JL: How about the bulberries? Those trees always get so full of red berries in the fall?
EJ: No. That we never had either. Bulberries are real tart. I remember people talking about those kind of berries that were real tart.
JL: How about the wild game?
EJ: Well, my folks didn't. Dad was not a hunter. My husband was a hunter so we had a lot of wild game. Ducks, geese, pheasants and so on. No deer hunting.
JL: Well, it's been interesting about the food. I was wondering about newspapers? Did you have a German newspaper in your home?
EJ: Oh yes, The Zimboda. [SP ?]
JL: Where did that come from?
EJ: That came out of Bismarck, I think. Then there was a Bismarck newspaper, something with stadt. [Der Staatsanzeiger]. It came once a week.
JL: Those two newspapers?
EJ: Well, The Zimboda, I think that came once a month. But I think that came through the church. Yes, The Zimboda came through the church. But the paper that was published in Bismarck, it had something to do with stadt [Der Staatsanzeiger].
JL: Did you read it too?
EJ: No, just my parents.
JL: How about a Lehr newspaper?
EJ: No, they didn't have a paper.
JL: It was too small?
EJ: Yah, too small. But Wishek, in the later years, had a newspaper. They still have a paper now.
JL: Was that an important event, to get the newspaper?
EJ: Oh, yah. It was to see who ate here and who ate there and so on. I used to get it after we moved up here, but it got to the point that, when you are gone for so long, like seventeen years, you don't remember the younger kids. They remember you, but you don't remember them. If they look like their parents, then you can place them.
JL: Did your mother do any crafts?
EJ: She knitted and crocheted. She had thirteen grandchildren and she crocheted sheets and pillow cases with the scalloped edges for all of them.
JL: Oh, that's nice. Do you remember any other kinds of German crafts like that? Like bobbin lace, weaving, or scherenschnitte?
EJ: No, no. Nothing like that.
JL: Did she sew? I suppose she sewed the clothes?
EJ: Oh, yes. She sewed all of our clothes, patched all of them. You don't see any patching now days, any more.
JL: How about quilting?
EJ: Oh, yes. She did a lot of quilting.
JL: Did she belong to a group at church or somewhere?
EJ: At church, yes. They did a lot of quilting. They did it in the homes, they'd have quilting parties.
JL: Do you remember that well?
EJ: Oh, yes. I even did some of that.
JL: Did she want her girls to learn to do some of that too?
EJ: Oh, yes. My sister in Arizona has made over three hundred quilts.
JL: Is that right? Does she sell them?
EJ: She gives most of them away. She belongs to a girls ranch and so she donates a lot of them there. But she doesn't quilt them, she ties them. Otherwise, it would take too much time.
JL: What was it like to have a quilting party at your house?
EJ: There was a big feast after that.
JL: What did you have? Did the men come then, too?
EJ: Yah, the men came too. Sometimes, it ended up being at suppertime. Wherever they were quilting, the woman there would make supper and everybody would come and eat supper.
JL: I suppose that was done more in the wintertime?
EJ: Oh, yes. Because in the summertime, there was the garden stuff to get out and get that canned. Too busy to do a lot of quilting.
JL: It became a party then? Did the little kids come too?
EJ: Oh, yes.
JL: What did you do as kids? When you got together with your cousins or other little kids? Did you have games that you played?
EJ: We made Rook cards out of Kotex boxes.
JL: What was that?
EJ: In those days, the inside of Kotex boxes were white and we couldn't afford to buy cards, so we cut these and colored them and then we made Rook cards out of them.
----------------------Missing Words---------------------------
JL: Do you remember anything special about holidays, like Christmas?
EJ: Well, we always had [to say] our piece in church and we had to be dressed up for church. Mother would have these pfeffernüsse, apples, and nuts, walnuts, nigger-toes and peanuts. She would put them out on the table so we could eat them at any time. That was the Christmas deal and we would always look forward to getting our Christmas bag in church. That had Cracker Jack in it and an apple and an orange. That was our biggest gift. One Christmas, I got a doll and I was so happy with that doll and that was my gift. We didn't get a lot of Christmas gifts. It wasn't commercialized then like it is now.
JL: No. And the gifts were often homemade, weren't they?
EJ: Right, the gifts were homemade a lot. Mother would made the pfeffernüsse and put them into a five gallon cream can and kept them in there.
JL: Do you still make those?
EJ: Oh, yes. I still like them.
JL: Do you have the old recipe?
EJ: Oh, yes. I have the old recipe.
JL: Are they the soft ones?
EJ: Yah. I still have that recipe.
JL: Did you have a Christmas tree in the house?
EJ: Not very often. We would have a little one, but I don't ever remember having a big Christmas tree.
JL: That little tree, was it something that you picked from, maybe the creek?
EJ: Yah, from out of the creek. And one year here, I had a tree out of a thistle. I sprayed it and everybody had such a fit about it. It was just a perfect thistle. It was high and round and I had it over by the window there. And I decorated and it really got nice.
JL: You must have found a perfect thistle?
EJ: Yah. It was rolling through the yard and I ran out and got it.
JL: But did you have lights on that little tree at home?
EJ: Oh, yah. We had lights on the tree. There was some. We didn't light up the outside though.
JL: How about in church? Did you have a Christmas tree in church?
EJ: Yes, we did. I remember at first, we used to have candles on our Christmas tree and later on then, we got the lights on the tree. When I was just a little girl, there used to be candles on the tree and then we had the big star up on top.
JL: How about Santa Claus?
EJ: No, we had no Santa Claus. Because in those days, Santa Claus didn't go with the Christmas tradition.
JL: It was more of the religious idea?
EJ: More of the religious holiday.
JL: Are you familiar with Belzenickel?
EJ: Belzenickel, yah. They often said, [German verse]. Meaning if you aren't good, the Belzenickel will come and get you.
JL: Who was the Belznickle?
EJ: Some scary person, I suppose. I never saw the Belzenickel, but we were scared of the Belzenickel. So, we would behave!
JL: It was not a kind, Santa Claus type figure?
EJ: No, it was a scary thing. If we were naughty or something like that, the Belzenickel would come and get you.
JL: Hmm. Did you ever see pictures of one?
EJ: No.
JL: Did people go and wish each other a Happy New Year?
EJ: Yah, right.
JL: How did that go?
EJ: They would have church at midnight. They would have church, to go from the old year to the new year. So, that was their gathering place. That was our gathering place, at the church, on New Year's Night.
JL: So, there were no well'wishers at home?
EJ: Well, in the morning, we would go to the neighbors and say, Ich bin a klaanner König,
Giewure rn'r nit so vering,
(rest of the verse ?)
meaning: I am a little king, give me not so little.
JL: What were you looking for?
EJ: For candy. We were looking for candy, because candy was precious at that time.
JL: You just didn't get much of that. So, that was a New Year's tradition?
EJ: Yah, yah.
JL: So, you went from house to house and you said that rhyme. Say that again, would you?
EJ: [German verse].
JL: What does that mean?
EJ: I am a little king.
JL: Oh, king, not child. Give me enough?
EJ: Yah, give me enough.
JL: Do you know any other little rhymes like that?
EJ: Well, this is off track here. But in those days, the people would butcher their meat, especially before Christmas. They would get their butchering done, so they had the meat for the winter. Well, one time they sent me over to the neighbors to get a schwartenmagen spuse [? nagel]. So, I went over to the neighbor and said, 'my vater a schwartenmagen spuse [? nagel]." So, he gave me a nail.
JL: A nail?
EJ: A nail. That was the schwartenmagen spuse [? nagel]. See, that's the tricks that they would play on you. See, they would use this nail to close the schwartenmagen [stomach]. It came out of the belly of the pig. Well, it was bigger than the intestine. It must have been the bladder or something that they cleaned up and put the schwartenmagen in that.
JL: Now, what is the schwartenmagen again?
EJ: That's the headcheese.
JL: Oh, yah.
EJ: See, they put that into this bag, and then they would close this bag with a nail, because this had to be boiled, the headcheese, the schwartenmagen. That's the stuff they did before the holidays, because that was the treat to get the homemade sausage, the liver sausage, the headcheese and all that.
JL: Did you like the headcheese?
EJ: Oh, I still love it. But it's not as good anymore. You can't get the real....
JL: Yah, that's what they say. Now, what went into that? When you helped butcher, what made the headcheese?
EJ: The head cheese was the head, the meat off the head. Some of the hamburger, some of the liver, some of the beef, that went in there too. Then they would season it with garlic, salt and pepper and it would just kind of gel. It was cooked so long, it would just kind of gel, you know.
JL: This was a pig's head now, right? Never a cow head?
EJ: A pig head, yah. They would use the intestines for the sausage, to make the sausage. You never went to buy sausage links and that. That was all..., they all had to be washed out then....
JL: I remember having to wash the boughten ones. By that time, when I was growing up, we had the boughten ones, but we had to wash them too. But it was a whole lot better than using the real ones.
EJ: The original ones. And I'm sure it was the kidney pocket or something [the stomach] that they used for the head cheese.
JL: So, why did you have to go to the neighbor for...
EJ: That was the joke. Because I didn't know what a schwartenmagen speef [? nagel] was. So, he sent me back with a nail.
JL: Now getting back to the headcheese, you never had the ears cut up in there?
EJ: Oh, yes. The ears were cut up in there and the tongue, too.
JL: Oh, the tongue too?
EJ: Oh yes, the tongue too.
JL: So, you cook that for a long time, and somehow it would gel too?
EJ: And you're liver sausage too. You had to cook that for a long time too.
JL: You made the liver sausage in the casings too?
EJ: Oh yes, plus in the jar [canned].
JL: How about blood sausage?
EJ: That we never made. That's Norwegian.
JL: That's Scandinavian, isn't it?
EJ: That I still have trouble with. I might eat it and didn't know what I'm eating.
JL: Did that headcheese keep a long time?
EJ: Oh yes, it was boiled and cured.
JL: Did you have hams, too?
EJ: Oh, yes. They were always cured.
JL: Did you have a smoke house?
EJ: Oh, yes. A smokehouse for the sausage too. You can't get sausage like that, now days anymore. And you know, in those days, the people would butcher the pig, make the sausage, and then sit and eat it at supper time.
JL: Um, hum.
EJ: Now days, that's a no no.
JL: You'd have to let it cure awhile?
EJ: But see, in those days, you didn't use all these chemicals on your animals. I think that's why you can't do those things today, anymore.
JL: Did your folks get along real well with each other?
EJ: Very well, very well.
JL: They were pretty compatible then, huh?
EJ: Oh, yes. Although our mother didn't do much grocery shopping. Dad did most of it.
JL: Is that right?
EJ: 'Cause he would buy in big..., like a 100 pounds of sugar, buy the coffee, buy the flour, buy the prunes and the raisins in a box. So, you know, there wasn't much to buy in the wintertime. Cornflakes was the main breakfast food. That and oatmeal.
JL: You mean, you did have cornflakes when you were a little girl?
EJ: Oh, yes. Cornflakes and oatmeal. You didn't have all these different kinds.
JL: Did you ever cook your own wheat?
EJ: Oh yes, mother did. I even have some regular ground wheat now for flour, that I use to make into bread. It gives it an altogether different flavor. It doesn't make the breads rise anymore. Your breads don't rise anymore like they used to. You know, you used to be able to bake bread and it would almost be like an angel food cake texture. But you can't anymore.
JL: I wonder why?
EJ: I think it's the mixture of the grain that they do. They mix the hard with the soft wheat, and I think that's why.
JL: And before, it used to be just the hard wheat?
EJ: Well, you used to take your wheat to a mill, and have it ground and come home with your flour. We used to go to Kulm and they had a flour mill. Take the wheat over there and come back with the flour.
JL: You ate much healthier then? You ate the wheat that was grown in your field?
EJ: And it wasn't sprayed.
JL: It's different.
EJ: I still think that people in those days were healthier than they are today.
JL: So, your mom and dad, your mother didn't do much grocery shopping. So, she didn't get to town as much as your dad did?
EJ: Dad was always downtown. So, whenever she needed something, why she would call him and he would bring it home.
JL: That's when you lived in town already?
EJ: Yah. And then on the farm, he always went and got it. 'Cause in those days, the wife didn't get to town much. That was very seldom.
JL: Do you think it was hard for the wife on the farm?
EJ: Well, with my mother, she was so happy to have a home. Because they were raised in with relatives, and had to work real hard. At thirteen, she used to tell us how hard she would have to work, out in the barn. So, she got married when she was only seventeen. Dad came with the bicycle to see her.
JL: Did he court her that way?
EJ: Yah. He courted her with the bicycle. And then afterward, he got a horse and buggy.
JL: So, they always got along well?
EJ: Very well. I don't think I ever heard my parents fight.
JL: That's great.
EJ: I don't think I ever did. If they did, it was in silence. It wasn't calling each other names and all that.
JL: They respected each other? He wasn't, oh, the real ruler of the house? That sometimes happened in German Russian families, I think.
EJ: We often said to dad, 'why don't you give ma some money?' He said, 'what does she need money for?' But yet, when we went out of town to do clothes shopping, he was right with us. Whatever we wanted to buy, we could buy. But he wanted to be there, so he could see what we bought. But he was always ready to pay for whatever we bought.
JL: Uh, huh. So, money in the family was handled only by him?
EJ: Most of the time. Well, she would get money for church and all that. Not that she couldn't have it, but she just never had no use for it.
JL: Uh, hum.
EJ: Well, if she needed it, like to buy material and that, well, we could charge it at the store and then dad would go and pay for it.
JL: Do you think she was real content?
EJ: She was. Real content.
JL: What about some other traditions? Are you familiar with the German Russian funeral? What was that like?
EJ: Well, like the funerals, they used to carry the bodies. They used to have the bodies in the home. I remember when the pallbearers used to have to carry the bodies from the home to the church.
JL: Not in the casket?
EJ: In the casket, yes. They used to carry them to the church.
JL: Why were they in the home first, then? I suppose no funeral homes?
EJ: There was no funeral homes. They were all in the homes.
JL: Who usually fixed up the person, embalmed them?
EJ: That I often wondered. You know, when they had them in the home, did they have them embalmed?
JL: You don't know?
EJ: I don't know. Like when my niece died of spinal meningitis, she was in the home, but she was embalmed. By that time, there were undertakers. But being that she had spinal meningitis, she was under a glass. That we couldn't touch her.
JL: Was the funeral in your church any different than other religions?
EJ: Well, see the Baptists didn't have all these rituals, like the spraying of the casket and all that. Well, the Catholics don't do that now, no more either. They used to do that. They used to have offering plates on their caskets.
JL: Hum, why?
EJ: To pay the priests. This is what they did. Or whatever it went for, the pope or whatever. See, my sister married into a Catholic family in Rugby, and that's how [it was] the first time I attended a funeral, was my brother'in'law's sister that had died. Then, they had the spraying of the caskets and had this offering plate on the casket and people all walked around to put their offering in. Which they don't do anymore.
JL: Then there was a cemetery right beside the church?
EJ: Uh, hum. Not in town, but out in the country.
JL: Are you familiar with those wrought-iron crosses made out of iron?
EJ: No. The stones we had were mostly..., a stone with a little lamb on top. But there was no [iron crosses], but I don't know....
JL: The German wrought'iron crosses, you know.
EJ: There were some out in that cemetery. See, we have some buried out in the country in a cemetery, and it seems to me I saw some of those wrought-iron crosses out there.
JL: You didn't know anyone who made those?
EJ: No, no.
JL: Well Edna, it has been a real pleasure talking to you today. We have all kinds of information and...
EJ: Well, it's been a pleasure having you here.
JL: Thank you for the wonderful kuchen. I had to have two pieces.
EJ: You're welcome. I'll send the rest of it home with you.
JL: I guess we'll close now and I just thank you so much for contributing to the Germans from Russia Library. I will give you a copy of what we've said here today.
EJ: Ok. Thank you.
JL: This is October 28, 1994.
Transcription by Joyce Reinhardt Larson
Germans from Russia Heritage Collection
North Dakota Institute for Regional Studies
North Dakota State University Libraries
P.O. Box 5599
Fargo, ND 58105-5599
November, 1994


text:
We all can't wait until we get to make history and open up Levi's Stadium on Saturday when we host the Seattle Sounders.
The guys got a little taste of what to expect of the world-class facility ahead of the big day.
Can #LevisSelfies be a thing?
Not your normal practice day! #Levi's #Futbol pic.twitter.com/u2oDLUumai
— Shea Salinas (@SalinasSJ11) August 1, 2014