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Five lekker things to do in Livingstone, Zambia!
By: Sarah Isaacs; August 2nd, 2011 on the Getaway blog
Livingstone, Zambia's top tourist town, boasts a long list of exciting things to do from bungee jumping off Victoria Falls Bridge to sunset cruises on the mighty Zambezi River. Livingstone is a bustling town, easily accessible with accommodation options to suit every pocket. Definitely worth a visit!
Ask an expert
We've helped first-timers and seasoned travellers in Africa since 1995. We can help you take advantage of mainstream options.
Better still we'll show you how and where to step off well beaten paths for the more interesting journeys.
Drop a note right here...


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US Congressman from Harlem, NYC, Charlie Rangel has been parlaying rent-controlled apartments like quenelles at Belmont. Rangel has taken over an entire floor of the exclusive Lenox Terrace and is living in style while many of his constituents are crammed into tiny apartments with roaches and rats as room mates.
Apparently Olnick Organization, one of Harlem's more prominent slumlords has been giving King Charlie a sweetheart deal. Besides four adjoined apartments, Rangel also has a rent-controlled campaign headquarters in a city where rent stabilization is exclusively for primary dwellings. Rangel told reporters that the headquarters is for campaigning in the primary.
The Donaldo of the Ghetto refused to answer questions and scoffed at reporters who suggested this revelation of corruption might hurt his re election chances." I'm Chairman of the Ways and Means committee and I found the way to make me a man of means." Rangel ridiculed the suggestions by sarcastically reminding reporters that he has been elected 38 times:" These niggas love me ! They call be Uncle Charlie...that is when they don't call me 'Massah'.

subset: commoncrawl


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From the time of its enactment, the California Private Attorneys General Act of 2004 ("PAGA") has been a thorn in the side of employers. For example, the California Supreme Court insists PAGA actions are not class actions,...more
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The California legislature played an active role in 2015 by enacting new rules and amendments in many employment areas. The following covers some of the key highlights, some of which became effective on January 1, 2016. Equal...more
The Ninth Circuit recently delivered a setback to defendants seeking to remove cases to federal court under the Class Action Fairness Act ("CAFA") when it interpreted the statute narrowly to exclude consideration of non-class...more
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This is a reminder for the running translation round for debconf templates of phpmyadmin. Currently complete languages: cs de eu fi fr gl it nb pl pt ru Currently existing but incomplete languages: ar ca da es ja nl pt_BR sv vi Please send out updates before Wednesday, December 19, 2007. On Thursday, December 20, 2007, I will notify the phpmyadmin maintainers that they can upload a new package version. So, if you have something being worked on, please send it as soon as possible. Please contact me privately if you want to obtain the PO file for incomplete languages. The POT file can be obtained from the list archives. There is always a chance that a translation you or your team sent slipped through my mail and spam filters. If you indeed send an update as a bug report and your language is still listed here, please point me to the bug number. --
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Leviticus 18:30
30Other people have done those terrible sins. But you must obey my laws! You must not do any of those terrible sins! Don't make yourself filthy with those terrible sins! I am the Lord your God."
English Version for the Deaf brought to you by World Bible Translation Center.


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MarinGenSoc-L ArchivesArchiver > MarinGenSoc > 2010-10 > 1287557334
From: "Kooiman" <>
Subject: Re: [MarinGenSoc] Senior Fair
Date: Tue, 19 Oct 2010 23:48:56 -0700
References: <email@example.com>
Great but when and where if the Fair?
Esther Kooiman
----- Original Message -----
From: "Shirley Genetin" <>
To: "MCGS" <>
Sent: Tuesday, October 19, 2010 2:10 PM
Subject: Re: [MarinGenSoc] Senior Fair
Dear Members,
As you probably know MCGS has a booth at the Senior Fair. If you have time
come down and help out. we will be there from 9 to 3. After 3 we need people
to help clean up.
Jim Robinson. would be happy to have any help you could give. Hope to see
you there. Shirley Genetin
A big "THANK YOU" to all of you that give so generously of your time
volunteering for the Society.
Visit our website http://www.maringensoc.org
Have you visited the new website and not been able to access the Members
Only area? Check with the Society's Registrar to ensure your dues are up to
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This thread:
|Re: [MarinGenSoc] Senior Fair by "Kooiman" <>


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Live like an artist
Former artists' studios rented by Lutyens, Sargent and Whistler offer light-filled, open-plan living
Hidden behind the fashionable boutiques and bars of Fulham Road is a cluster of artists' studios. Shoppers pass the small entrance, blissfully unaware of the historic enclave beyond.
Stepping into the cobbled mews is like stepping into another world. Although many of the studios have been converted into homes — for those who crave a slightly less conventional way of living than that offered by the surrounding townhouses of Kensington and Chelsea — it retains an air of secrecy, with few clues to what lies within.
As Jane Yarrow, the owner of one of the 15 studios, explains, her neighbours are an "eclectic and eccentric mix of people", from artists (Emma Sergeant is thought to own a studio here) and gallery owners to hedge fund…


text:
Ever thought about characters who run around at theme parks, at the fair or visit at shopping centers?
They all have one thing in common…
Is Image Everything?
One day I was shopping and happened to be at the store on a day that Dora the Explorer, Diego and SpongeBob SquarePants were posing for pictures with their pint-sized fans.
You've likely seen people in costumes entertaining children at a variety of places, at theme parks, especially.
While many were excited, several of the kids were intimidated by these larger than life characters and shied away, some even going so far as to leave the area.
There was certainly one very important element missing that may explain the response from some of the children.
The Missing Link
The characters looked well enough, but they were absolutely… speechless!
Although properly attired and presented, none of these actors spoke in character, in fact, the actors are usually silent and do not speak while performing (perhaps due in part to their hefty costumes?).
Upon seeing a character, one might expect that they would also talk, just like they do in the movies or on TV, however this isn't the case.The physicality of a character is only one component of its presence. The voice and words that are spoken give a character their personality and ability to engage.When those humanizing elements are missing the character isn't nearly as believable.
Getting To The Point
While someone can dress up and portray an animated character physically, it is rare to find a voice actor who can give life to the character through their voice.
This is why character voice actors, and their colleagues who can voice match, are worth their weight in gold.
Any Comments?
Best wishes,
Photo credit armadillo444 at Flickr


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I would just say, "I'm sorry, your name again was?" for the first follow up then. Then just before you end the call, ask them to spell it so you can confirm their spelling. This way, you have heard it at least 3x and should have it by then.
I hate it when I do things like that, too. The thing I do is apologize before asking for the caller's name/nature of the call again. I have a pen and some paper by my phone, so when the caller repeats what they are asking for and their name, I can write it down--even if I write it down phonetically. I can always rewrite the message before delivering it.
As they are talking, write down as much information as you can and as you are reading it back for accuracy say something like "And that name again?" If necessary "And how do you spell that?" Even if it is a simple name, the other person will appreciate your making sure that it is correct.
When you ask them the first time to take down their name, if you don't hear it well or cannot make out their response, simply ask them "Can you spell that for me, please?" Then use their name to thank them, letting them know that you have their correct name (or they can correct you if indeed you didn't get it down correctly).
Most people do not mind if you ask them to repeat their name and spell it if you have a question. They would rather have it right. As for the nature of the call, again, "May I tell him/her the nature of the call so he/she can be prepared with any information you may need?" or something similar. If you boss is like mine, he also does not want to be interrupted by sales calls and calls that should be routed to someone else. This also eliminates that problem since you reroute calls to the proper person.
Most importantly you must be a good listener, this can not be over emphasized, when you are taking messages. Don't try to multi-task b/c your attention will not be there and you will not remember what is being said.
Are you new on the job, with the company or department? If so you
can tell the caller you are new at this position and you are making a
database of your manager/boss' clients, friends/ect. Ask if they will
please bear with you as you get to know them. Ask for the spelling of
their name, repeat it to them, also repeat their phone number after
they give it to you. I make a practice today to repeat phone numbers
and I've been with the company 10 + years.
The same would basically apply even if you have just changed managers b/c their client list will probably be different from your prior manager.
Hi Cherile,
I take calls for three District Sales Managers. I ask the caller, "May I tell him who's calling?" or "Who's calling please" and after I receive that info is ask, "What's this regarding?". Since my DSMs are not in the office with me and I transfer the caller to their mobile phones I also ask, "May I have your number incase we get disconnected during transfer." If you don't catch the name the first time ask the caller, "What is the correct spelling of your name?"
Write everything down. Have a pen in hand when you answer your phone. I keep my daytimer right next to me and write down every call I receive and the time. This also helps if your boss doesn't want to take the call, when you come back to the caller to inform him that you need to take a message, you already have all the info you need.
Good Luck!! Kim - Sr. Admin. Assist. 15+yrs
It would be helpful to STOP what you're dong when the phone rings, this way you'll have full attention to the call. Have pen and paper close by and DO ask again if you don't get it the first time, the caller will appreciate you get his or her name correct.
I almost always have pen and paper by the phone. I will write down the name as soon as I get it. That way, I don't have to ask the name a second time.
...works for me.
And "Could you spell that for me?" works for getting the last name correctly.
Also when someone asks (immediately, without identifying themselves) to be put into my boss's VoiceMail I always ask, "May I ask who is calling?" and then send my boss an e-mail telling him to check his VoiceMail.
And, if the caller asks to speak with my boss WITHOUT identifying who is calling - and if it is not a voice or phone # I recognize, I tell the caller that he is on the phone & ask if he can call them back. THAT way I can be sure I don't hook him up with an unwanted caller.
"May I tell him what it's regarding?"......works for me.
And "Could you spell that for me?" works for getting the last name correctly.
Also when someone asks (immediately, without identifying themselves) to be put into my boss's VoiceMail I always ask, "May I ask who is calling?" and then send my boss an e-mail telling him to check his VoiceMail.
And, if the caller asks to speak with my boss WITHOUT identifying
who is calling - and if it is not a voice or phone # I recognize, I
tell the caller that he is on the phone & ask if he can call them
back. THAT way I can be sure I don't hook him up with an unwanted
Often times I have the same problem. People are so ready to get to the meat of the question that they speed through their name. I always just say, My apologies but I didn't get your name. That takes them out of the hotseat because you make it sound like your fault. Just be real genuine about it and they won't think twice about repeating.
Whenever I take a call for someone, I always say "May I say who's calling?" If there name is hard to understand/spell, I ask them to spell it, and I always say "May I tell him/her what this is regarding?" Since I am the Director's Executive Assistant, it is very important that she be provided with as much information as possible before taking the call or returning it. Additionally, by getting the subject matter, I often find out that it is something I can research and not something the Director needs to deal with.
I also use the, "I'm sorry, I could not hear that clearly, could you spell that for me, please?"
Greetings! My name is Marcel, and I am a retired United States Air Force Information Manager (20+ years). The following is an excerpt from a training aid we used "back in the day"; (statements 6 & 12 will help with your issue...I included the rest FYI):
"Do ... answer the phone on the first ring and in the way you would like to be called after identifying the organization.
Do ... put on your "pleasant person" hat.
Do ... introduce everyone in the room if you are on a speaker phone—callers may object to the lack of privacy.
Do ... put the radio and TV on hold until you're off.
Do ... speak clearly, keeping your lips about 1 inch from the mouthpiece. Good posture will also improve your vocal quality.
Do ... have a pencil, a memo pad and your directories within easy reach.
Do ... adjust your speaking tempo to match the other person's to establish instant rapport.
Do ... ask if someone else can help if the person isn't there.
Do ... take a number and call back instead of putting them on hold if you are finding something.
Do ... give the caller the phone number before you transfer the call.
Do ... allow the person initiating the call to bring it to a close.
Do ... record your conversation in a memo for record and place it in a file.
Don't ... transfer an angry caller. Listen carefully, never interrupt and ask questions that require more than a "yes" or "no." Also, make notes and let the caller know since this shows you're interested and are willing to help.
Don't ... put the phone over your chest to put someone on hold—your voice goes over the wires loud and clear—use the "hold" button."
Hope this helps.
Marcel Robinson
I agree with what's been said before, your caller would really rather you get it right and would have no problem if you ask again to be sure. I work closely with two other admin assistants and they often say, 'I'm sorry, what did you say your name was again?' and maybe, 'How do you spell that?' if it's an uncommon name.
Frequently several lines ring at once here and it's so easy to get confused; writing info down is critical. One other technique I've used is to USE their first name right away by saying, "Just a moment, John,and I'll see if so-and-so is in his office." Saying their name outloud helps cement it in your brain...and also makes the caller feel good to hear his name!
make our staff ask each person to spell thier name, even if the name is
Mary Jones...This helps when we have many people calling with the same
name. We've never had any problems with people not wanting to spell
thier name for us. Most want you to have their name correct. This
method seems to be better than constantly asking someone what their
name is.
As for why they are calling, the other comments seem to cover that pretty well.
When they introduce themselves and you didn't catch it, ask them again, and before they go on with the message, ask for their name again, name of the company and the phone number then you can get the message. Feel free to repeat the message to ensure it's what they said. This shows the caller that you are thorough vs. feeling you're incompetent.
All good points. I would add: Use last names until you're asked to do otherwise. Lots of callers are professional people who work on the same management level (or higher) as your boss. Until your boss has introduced the two of you (and you should encourage your boss to do so whenever she has visitors), you and the caller are strangers, and I personally do not like strangers (retail clerks, cashiers, customer service phone reps)to take it for granted that we are on a first-name basis. I imagine an Executive Vice President doesn't care for it, either. They probably wouldn't say anything (not PC), but you score extra points when you start out more formally. Everyone almost invariably says, "Please, call me Barbara." But it makes them feel good, I think. I know there are always exceptions, and you can feel your way with each situation, but it's a good rule of thumb.
Annoying solicitation calls have not been addressed. I'm sure you get your share of them.
If someone calls and can't pronounce my boss' name, it is usually an early clue. Or, if they ask to speak to a decision maker if I say my boss is busy - a dead ringer. Ask if your boss is expecting their call or what company they represent and the nature of their call. If you are suspicious of a solicitation, ask if they can send some information for review and get a number where they can be reached for follow-up. I usually have a hang-up by now if my suspicion is right. Sometimes they are legitimate in which case you will get a fax or USPS package.
If you get the same call over and over again (as we do from the phone company soliciting their new products), ask to talk to a supervisior. Explain to the supervisor the frequency and nature of the calls and see if you can flag your account to stop them.
For callers asking you to confirm your company's address and other information, ask for their request in writing. This can sometimes lead to receiving expensive directories (costing several hundred dollars) and they will have a recording of you "confirming the order"! If they have a legitimate reason to confirm, they will send it in writing.
From experience, I keep a notepad next to my phone so that I can write down the name of the person calling and if I am not sure if I heard the name correctly (Bill or Will) I ask to either have them repeat the name or spell it for me. Usually callers are okay with repeating their name if they know you are sincere and passing it on correctly. If you are taking a message I usually let them know I will be repeating the information they gave me to make sure it is correct. They usually appreciate that.


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Patent Licensing – Negotiations
Now that you have a patented invention and are ready to license it, you still have to contend with the thorniest obstacle of all: the patent license negotiation. This is when you and the prospective licensee hash out what you believe a fair license agreement to be. However, this is not something you should rush into. In this article we'll offer tips and suggestions for making sure the negotiation goes smoothly – and hopefully in your favor!
Patent Licensing Negotiations Tip #1:
Determine your objectives
Why are you trying to license your patent? What are you hoping to get out of it? The obvious answer is "Because I want money", but it has to go deeper than just that. Do you want to wash your hands of the patent altogether? Do you still want some day to day interaction and a say on how it gets marketed? If so, these are things you need to specify and take into account during the negotiation, and it helps greatly if you go into it with your priorities fresh in mind.
Patent Licensing Negotiations Tip #2:
Assemble a team with the right players
According to a very detailed scholarly article called "Best Practices in Patent Negotiations", you must enter into negotiations with the right "team" behind you.
"Whatever the reason, your team should include a business development executive, a scientific-technical expert, a decision maker and a licensing attorney. The business development executive (sometimes the CEO at smaller firms, or a technology transfer professional at a university) usually finds the deal, brings the parties together and keeps the process moving. The scientific-technical expert provides scientific and technological expertise and conducts due diligence research relating to the technology at issue. And the decision maker must have authority to commit your party to particular deal terms. In our opinion, document drafting is often easier when an attorney has the benefit of participating in negotiations and understands the positions of both sides. Once the team is in place, it's important to meet and reach an understanding of the motivation for the deal and to go over each member's responsibilities."
SRC: Nature.com
We should note that it is not always necessary to have a separate person handle each task. For example, in your situation, you might be the businessman and the technology/scientific expert. If so, you don't need to go out and bring in a separate businessperson. However, the point remains that all of these considerations must be accounted for by someone, and you should know exactly who is responsible for each one before negotiating to license your patent.
Patent Licensing Negotiations Tip #3:
Determine the value the licensee will add to the patent
Typically, the reason you are licensing the patent include not having the resources to market and capitalize on it yourself, or not wanting to. It is important, therefore, to assess how qualified the potential licensee is to capitalize on the patent. What assets, strengths, and abilities do they bring to bear that increase the value of the patent, over and beyond what it would be if you just held onto it? The article elaborates:
"Your team should evaluate and determine your own marketing, technical, sales and services strengths as well as the strengths of the other party in the field of the patented technology—all are relevant to licensing fee amounts and royalties to be paid back to the patent holder. These and other contract provisions will help the parties define the scope of the licensed technology and their competitiveness as potential licensing partners."
Another step you should take leading up to negotiation time is exchanging a term sheet with the potential licensee. This helps establish a starting point so that both parties can get straight to business when the actual negotiation begins. Here are some of the things you might want to include or look for in a term sheet:
"The term sheet typically outlines the major issues in a potential deal. These include the following: the licensed product or process; licensed territory; preliminary thoughts on fees and royalties; technical information and training required to develop and manufacture, sell and service the licensed product (and who will be responsible for the same); sales and service support; degree of exclusivity; and duration of the license."
As for the negotiation itself, the primary sticking point will how broad the licensee's rights are (ie, how much it can do with the patent) and how much they will have to pay you. While this is inherently a somewhat speculative process, you can and must aim to create a license agreement both parties can live with. Here is one approach, using specific numbers, recommended by "Best Practices in Patent License Negotiations"
"A rational approach is to develop a win-win scenario by looking at the actual investment return of each party. If the licensor has spent $10 million to develop the compound, and the licensee will spend an additional $100 million to commercialize it, negotiating a deal in which the licensor receives 10% of the return may be realistic, although the licensee may want a greater return based on assuming a greater risk (greater investment). Alternatively, where a licensed compound is ready for commercialization or is on the market, more standard accounting techniques may be used because the risk/return ratio can be more directly calculated."
As the licensor, you will want to grant as narrow exploitation rights as you possibly can. While the licensee will want as much leeway to capitalize on the patent as possible, it is in your best interest to be able to license it out to others if you see fit. One way to provide for this is to only license the patent out for specific uses, leaving you free to license it to other people for other uses.
Here are some other ways to get your licensee to accept narrower exploitation rights:
"There are compromises: you may grant a broad field of use with the right to retract fields if you present a use to your partner and your partner elects not to pursue it, or you may grant a narrow field of use and give your licensee the right of first refusal on other uses. Alternatively, your licensee could convince you to restrict any future licensees from particular uses that fall within the licensee's specialty or area of expertise."
As you can see, being focused before the negotiation and creative during it lets you grant a patent license that puts money in your pocket and leaves you free to pursue other options.
Recommended Articles:
1. Patent Licensing


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Credit Advice
Have a question? Have advice to share? The combined knowledge and experience of everyone in the Credit Karma community can help you. Enter your question or help others below to get started!
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You've had no contact with them?
This is on your report and you have not had any contact (mail, phone) with them? File a dispute!! And do this with all credit reports that show this or any other company you don't know.
Go to the left column of this page, highlight and click on Articles and scroll down (may be a couple of pages) to find the article on filing a dispute. Do so right away and be persistent.
I did a Google search on this so verified it is a collection agency. If you have had no contact with them before now, don't call or write them. Just dispute and it should be removed in no more than 60 days.
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Eurozone slides deeper into recession just a day after violent anti-austerity strikes
THE debt-laden eurozone descended even further into financial gloom today, instigating fears that worse times are still to come for the collective euro area.
Grim official figures released today have revealed that the eurozone slid into a deeper recession in July-September – for the second since the global financial crisis in 2009.
Proving that that the region still faces a long road to recovery, economic output in the 17-country euro zone fell 0.1 per cent in the third quarter, the EU's statistics office Eurostat said, following a 0.2 per cent drop in the second quarter.
Germany and France grew a modest 0.2 per cent in the third quarter, but their resilience could not make up for the general slump across Europe that saw Italy, Spain and the Netherlands all contract and Belgium, a big exporter, stagnate.
Despite the fact Italy and Spain have been contracting for a year already and Greece is suffering an outright depression, the two quarters of contraction put the eurozone's 9.4 trillion euro economy officially in recession.
We are now getting into a double dip recession which is entirely self-made
The dire figures come just a day after millions of people across Europe took part in explosive strikes against harsh government spending cuts that EU policymakers say are crucial to ending the debt crisis.
However, millions of workers protested against the cuts which they claim have made the economies worse.
"We are now getting into a double dip recession which is entirely self-made," said Paul De Grauwe, an economist with the London School of Economics.
"It is a result of excessive austerity in southern countries and unwillingness in the north to do anything else," he said.
Contrastingly, the European Commission has insisted that labour costs are falling and exports are rising for Greece, Portugal, Spain and Ireland, arguing that austerity is a necessary evil to bring down unsustainable budget deficits.
Hopes for a recovery next year are also fading, with the European Commission saying the economy will grow just 0.1 percent in 2013.
With unemployment expected to reach record levels of 10.5 per cent in the EU and 11.3 per cent in the euro area this year and forecasts predicting these rates will climb even further in 2013 – things are only set to get worse.
A rebound in the eurozone could be vital for the rest of the world as the United States and China also struggle with the impact of the crisis on their companies' ability to grow and prosper.


text:
Public information
Danville Public Works reports to the Public Works Committee which meets the 2nd Tuesday of every month at 6 PM. Meetings are held in the Municipal Building council chambers at 17 W Main Street.
Press Release
2-27-2017 2017 Yard Waste Stickers are now on sale!! You may purchase a yard waste sticker at the Public Works Facility at 1155 E. Voorhees St. (7:30-12pm, 1-4pm) or at City Hall 17 W. Main St. (8-12, 1-4:30pm)
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- Snow Plowing: Major streets are plowed first. Once they are passable, we make one pass in the residential streets and get back to the major streets. When they are clear, we return to the residential streets for their second and subsequent passes. If we missed yours, call 431-2288 so we can schedule it. Danville snow routes.


text: I wrote in last week for advice about food in the vicinity of 120th St and Frederick Douglass Blvd... and still no response. Maybe this shows the true demographics of Chowhound? I hope not. Please let me know if you have any advice for eating in any area of Harlem.


text:
A group of ministers from numerous religious backgrounds sent a message to the White House declaring a "state of emergency" over the health-insurance mandate that may force religious employers to violate their consciences.
"Protestants are beginning to close ranks and join our Catholic friends on this issue," said Lutheran minister Norman Lund.
Lund told EWTN News on Feb. 21 that he considers the issue to be part of his Christian identity and "an issue worth fighting and dying for." He explained that the core problem "is not birth control," but "the freedom of churches to determine their own policies and positions on issues like birth control."
"In other words," he said, "this is an issue of religious liberty and freedom of conscience."
Lund is a member of the National Clergy Council, a group that represents Catholic, Protestant, evangelical and Orthodox leaders.
After deliberating with pastors and theologians across the country, the council has declared a state of emergency for the churches in response to the Obama administration's contraception mandate.
A declaration outlining a "State of Emergency and Time for Speaking" was delivered to the White House on Ash Wednesday, Feb. 22.
The statement affirms the council's "unwavering position" on the "sanctity" of conscience rights and maintains the "God-given" ability to live out principles of conscience within a religious institution.
Clergy members said they hope the matter can be resolved by a repeal of the mandate, but warned that "we must hold to our convictions and positions and act according to our prerogatives, no matter the legal, social, pecuniary or political consequences."
The council noted that its statement was inspired by Dietrich Bonhoeffer, the German pastor and martyr who worked to resist the Nazis.
It described Bonhoeffer as "an exemplar of what it means to hold to and to exercise one's religious, moral and ethical convictions, even to the surrender of every other right, including the right to one's life."
At the Feb. 2 National Prayer Breakfast in Washington, the president was given a copy of Bonhoeffer's biography by author Eric Metaxas.
Calling for "all people of conscience" to stand with them, the council members informed Obama that they "must take extraordinary action to respectfully resist your decrees."
The National Clergy Council joins with a growing number of faith groups that have objected to the contraception mandate on the grounds of religious freedom.
The U.S. bishops have called for the mandate to be repealed, and multiple members of the Council of Christian Colleges and Universities, representing both Catholic and Protestant schools, have urged the administration to substantially change or remove it.
Feb. 22 story continues below.
The U.S. Catholic bishops and numerous other religious groups and EWTN's CEO and the Register's publisher, Michael Warsaw, have maintained President Obama's revisions to the mandate only appear to shift payment to insurance companies, but in reality the employer still pays at least part of the premium.
They have called for legislation to reverse the mandate.
"Thirty years ago, a cloistered nun named Mother Angelica Rizzo started a small television station in her garage to spread the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church," Warsaw wrote in a Feb. 21 New York Times op-ed. "Since then the station, EWTN, has grown into one of the largest Catholic media networks in the world, but we haven't strayed from our values. And we won't — even though our commitment has landed us in the cross hairs of the Obama administration."
He reiterated EWTN's lawsuit to fight the mandate.
He also stated: "Mother Angelica didn't create EWTN to be a weak Catholic voice. Our donors send us money to spread Catholic teachings, not to subvert them. The mandate makes it impossible for us to live up to that core mission, giving us the choice of either compromising our beliefs or being crushed by fines. That ultimatum is unfair, unconstitutional and repugnant — which is why we have no choice but to fight it in court."
The federal contraception mandate should be of "grave concern" to all Americans and not just Catholics, said Cardinal Daniel DiNardo of the Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston.
Cardinal DiNardo, who heads the U.S. bishops' Committee on Pro-Life Activities, said that the new mandate and its "compromise" will force Catholic institutions to either abandon their mission of serving people regardless of their faith or violate basic teachings of the Catholic Church on birth control and abortion.
"To be coerced by the federal government into choosing one of these options is wrong," Cardinal DiNado said in a Feb. 17 column for the Houston Chronicle.
He warned that the U.S. government has never forced any religious group to pay for actions that violate their consciences and that every American should be concerned about the proposed mandate since it threatens religious freedom, as protected by the First Amendment.
The contraception mandate would prevent U.S. citizens from bringing their principles and moral convictions into the public square and "confine religion to our sanctuaries only," Cardinal DiNardo said.
The Catholic Church, particularly in Galveston-Houston Cardinal DiNardo noted, has always sought to serve "the broader community in need," not just members of its own institution.
Ministering to others through health care, education and social services is an essential part of the Catholic faith as a response of the Gospel to serve the entire world, he said.
"It is distressing to realize that the government is creating its own definitions of which ministries are religious enough to qualify for an exemption to a policy that violates a church's teaching," Cardinal DiNardo emphasized.
More than 2,500 religious leaders have signed a letter to President Obama calling for the reversal of the HHS-mandated insurance coverage of contraception because it "essentially ignores the conscience rights of many Catholic and Protestant Americans."
"Our country was founded on certain freedoms, the first of which is the freedom of religion. The ability of a religious person to follow their conscience without fearing government intervention has long been a protected right for Americans.
"It is unfathomable to picture a country that would deny religious freedoms," the letter says.
It said that due to the "narrow" religious exemption, the "vast majority" of religious organizations will be forced to choose either to violate their consciences or to drop health coverage for employees.
The letter was released at a Feb. 20 press conference at the National Religious Broadcasters Convention and Exposition in Nashville, Tenn. The Family Research Council led the letter signature effort.
Those who announced the letter included Tony Perkins, president of the Family Research Council; Dr. Richard Land, president of the Southern Baptist Convention's Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission; and Bishop Harry Jackson, the senior pastor of the Beltsville, Md.-based Hope Christian Church.
The letter underscored that the Obama administration's rule means that millions of Americans will incur the costs for the mandated products and procedures.
"Forcing religious entities to do the same, despite objections of good conscience, is a severe blow to our religious liberty," the signers said.
The Jan. 20 mandate also requires all religious organizations to refer people for the objectionable drugs or procedures.
In reaction, the letter quoted Thomas Jefferson's Virginia Act for Establishing Religious Freedom, which says: "To compel a man to furnish contributions of money for the propagation of opinions which he disbelieves is sinful and tyrannical."
The letter calls for the reversal of the mandate and the protection of the conscience rights of those who have "biblically based opposition" to funding or providing contraceptives and abortion-causing drugs.
A new survey reveals that pharmacy directors across the country do not believe that a mandate requiring insurance companies to offer free contraceptives will cut costs, as the Obama administration has predicted.
"It was interesting that no one thought the mandate would offset costs by preventing unintended pregnancies," said Rhonda Greenapple, CEO of the firm that conducted the survey. "This is in direct opposition to the rationale for mandating these services."
The survey, announced Feb. 17, was administered by Reimbursement Intelligence, a market research firm specializing in reimbursement issues for medical and pharmaceutical companies.
Fifteen pharmacy directors, "representing tens of millions of pharmacy-covered lives," were asked about what impact they think the Obama administration's new contraception mandate will have on their plans.
The mandate will require employers to offer health-insurance plans that cover contraception, sterilization and some drugs that can induce early abortions.
Amid strong criticism that the regulation violates the religious freedom of employers that object to such coverage, President Barack Obama announced an "accommodation" on Feb. 10.
Under the revised policy, religious employers will not directly purchase the coverage but will instead be forced to purchase insurance plans from companies that are required to provide the coverage for free.
A White House fact sheet argued that requiring contraceptive coverage "saves money by keeping women healthy and preventing spending on other health services," such as those associated with unintended pregnancies.
However, none of the firms surveyed believe that the new policy will lead to a net savings.
About 40% of survey participants think that the mandate will increase their costs thorough higher pharmacy expenditures.
Approximately 7% believe it will increase pharmacy costs but decrease medical costs.
About 20% predict that their costs will not change because contraception is already embedded into their premiums, while about one-third of the participants are still unsure what effect the mandate will have.
Although survey participants were divided about the exact impact of the mandate, none believe that it will "lead to net cost savings by preventing unintended pregnancies among members."
The survey's findings reinforce concerns that insurance companies will transfer the cost of the controversial coverage to their clients.
One survey participant said that mandates create a "need to raise prices, change cost structures and pass along additional costs to our customers."
In the interest of unity in the Body of Christ this is a good sign and portend of the future. It will be equally nice to see the Catholic Bishops also standing in support when Evangelicals and their Pastoral leadership likewise come under attack by Washington DC czars, bureaucrats and hostile legislative mandates.
It's just mind boggling that this tyrant we have in the White House is dictating what American people can eat, think, believe and now go against their conscience? I did not vote for this man and we all need to get him out of the White House before he finishes off this country!
Nice try at disinformation azul ... Christians were told long ago that "by their fruits you shall know them" ... you had to know that Linda Binder had a long history as a left-leaning, free-spending socialist, gun-control proponent who got a "100%" perfect rating from Planned Parenthood ... you no doubt knew that she railed that "As legislators, my fellow moderates (translated "Democrats") are feeling the push for more faith-based programmes on sex education and contraception coming from the Bush administration." hardly the "Repub" brand you denigrate ... as for Ex-Gov. Jane Hull well we have seen that brand of Catholic before ... all the Kennedys, Pelosi, et alia and Mzz Sebelius ... so azul if you are selling counterfeit "Social Justice" issues we are already full up and paying attention ... go try Europe.
Time to look into "nullification." Google "nullification Tom Woods" and start to educate yourself.
AZ law has mandated that businesses that offer health insurance that provides prescription drug coverage include coverage for contraception. This law has been in effect since 1997. The law was pushed by AZ State Representative Republican Linda Binder in a Republican controlled congress. It was signed into law by Republican and Catholic Governor Jane Hull. The only religious exemption is for institutions that only hire people of their own faith—in other words, the diocese. Catholic hospitals have offered birth control coverage in their health insurance plans since 1997. Bishop Olmsted and Bishop O'Brien before him have not complained about this law. Bishop Olmsted is still not objecting to the CURRENT AZ law!
Obama we will NOT pimp Planned Parenthood for you ... not now ... not ever!


text: On Sun, 2010-03-07 at 09:50 +0100, Josselin Mouette wrote: > Le vendredi 05 mars 2010 à 17:41 +0000, brian m. carlson a écrit : > > This still has the problem that I don't know immediately where to get > > the documentation. Do I use the GNOME help system? KDE's? man? info? > > a DVI? a PDF? The benefit of manual pages is that there is one uniform > > way to get basic documentation on a command and how it is to be run. > > Other documentation can be referenced from that manual page. > > This discussion is running into circles. > > GNOME, Xfce and KDE maintainers all explained that we have no interest > in working on manual pages, and our upstreams don't either. This is an important information that many people weren't aware of (at least, myself). > I will personally just sit on policy §12.1, mark manpage-related bugs as > wontfix, and, to plagiarize Yves-Alexis, it won't prevent me from > sleeping at night. Your conclusion sounds very similar to the policy's statement: ``[programs] should have an associated manual'' (my definition of "SHOULD" is RFC2119 compliant) Franklin


text:
It hurts a lot sometimes.
"I can fill the flask up, but can't get past us
I'm in the storm, staying strong, but can't get back
I have always enjoyed working with guys in my youth because they are so fun. I had forgotten this for the last 15 years bc XWH was a drag. I have to tell you it is a blast laughing again.
To anyone out there if you can get a part time job in a sports-oriented store for Christmas help,, even though you might be like me ---NOT interested in anyone for a long time---it is still fun to let go of some of the pain and replace with laughter.
Sometimes I come home and I am still laughing --- which is a big change from the last 18 mos of my life -- lonely and pissed.
The guy I'm "dating" doesn't live near me right now, and I don't have an end date for the LDR. Soon? Soonish? Idk. So no cure there.
I had the opportunity to be with my best girlfriend over the last few weeks (I was temporarily working in the city in which she lives). And lo and behold, not lonely. Not once with her, her husband and her kids (they are for all intents and purposes my family now, and her husband was equally betrayed my xWH so there are some strong bonds there).
So yeah, the light and fluffy and superficial will momentarily entertain me, but the cure for that loneliness? True bonds. Idk if this is partly an introvert thing (it takes work to feel close to people, and energy that I don't always have nor want to expend unless I'm sure of you).
I went the dog route. He's my little boon companion. Me and Little Dude against the world.
Just so you know, there was a time that every week I posted my "weekly whine", oh hey there SI, it's Cayc, back to moan and groan and get some hugs. NB-er's carried me through. Keep posting, even if you're saying the same stuff each time. It's okay. All of us know what it's like to go in circles for seemingly forever. Until the day it stops, and it will, I promise.
Also, it tells me that I need to make sure I maintain the bonds I have with my daughter.
There's also this idea of learning to love yourself and be happy with yourself, and from what I've read an essential part of it is learning to not run away from or distract yourself from the bad feelings and the loneliness, but to simply allow them to happen. Preferably even practice allowing them to happen with no distractions (so basically meditating).
homewrecked, that's an interesting point, and I _do_ feel a little better when I'm around people. it's just that it's temporary. :)
tabitha, that is very sad. :(
Sales, I think it does get better if you're doing the right things for yourself. It just has the possibility of taking a long time...
But hey (shifting the focus back on myself), I'm also doing some other self improvement things that are long term, and the time will pass anyway, so may as well keep them up.
I will keep posting.
And never grow a wishbone, daughter, where your backbone ought to be.
― Sarah McMane
She treats me better than my son - but I'll give him a pass right now since he's 16.
Sorry for the t/j - hugs to you.....
[This message edited by justabrokendream at 12:04 PM, September 30th (Monday)]
But...that special connection to another person is missing. I do miss it. But not enough to just jump into a relationship just for the sake of having a relationship. So, an underlining hum of disconnect. I have heard twice this week, "You make being a single mom look easy!" I wanted to . Outside people, especially married people, are clueless. So, yes, they are my friends, but really have no idea what my life is really like.
I think it is perfectly fine to miss having that kinda of connection to another person that isn't necessarily filled with friends and animals. We are human, we are supposed to have connections.
My family is always there if I need them, but they have busy lives of their own.
It's there. Get ready for the holidays - it's always worse then. Nothing sucks donkey balls more than being alone on Christmas Day.
We should make a Christmas card with that saying.
Outside people, especially married people, are clueless. So, yes, they are my friends, but really have no idea what my life is really like.
It's a no win, my guy friends even my family members that are men all say, 7yrs your free you can do what you want but they have no idea. I'm to the point where I just stop even trying to get them to understand because they can't.
And as has already been stated I am not looking forward to the holidays this year.
Do I like being single? Not really. Do I wish I could find someone? OF COURSE! Have I had offers? Definitely. But, I won't settle. That is the key. You have to be picky to find true happiness. Don't be with someone to try to fill some void that you think you have. If you are trying to do that..... than you are supposed to be alone. Its when you don't feel that you have a void......when you will be ready to date. I'm working on myself....running....racing... taking care of my child... and hoping that one day... it will all be enough. And, when it is..... I will meet him. Until then.... I will just endure the loneliness with stride. You can do it too. One. day. at. a. time.
D day: November 15th, 2009
Married: 5 Years, together 8
Divorced: December 13th, 2010
New Beginning: Piper/8-3-12
I didn't choose to be on this path, but it's the one I'm on and I'm walking it the best I can. Yes....there are times where the "one-ness" becomes overwhelming and at those times I hug my animals close and call a friend. I've been blessed with amazing friends who are happy to walk with me for a bit on my path to support me.
I'm really good most of the time because I "fulfill" myself 95% of the time. I'm happy with my life. Do I also miss that special connection with someone? Yes...but I know we will find each other when it's supposed to happen and until then I'm tackling my issues and exploring new and different experiences.
As for the holidays........the first Christmas alone I did a "Transformer" movie marathon. The second I did "Leverage" and this year I'm doing the Marvel movies marathon. I even put up a small Christmas tree last year and this year I'm in the mood to decorate some for the upcoming holidays.
My biggest worry is that I'll die and no-one finds me until the dogs and cats have started eating on me because they are hungry. I haven't found anyone who I feel comfortable with yet to call every day just to let them know I'm still alive and kicking.
Yes...those "lonely times" suck. But the old saying "fulfillness comes from within" is very true. I don't EVER want to think I have to depend on someone else to be fulfilled.


text:
moneyless fame 2012 from fame festival on Vimeo.
A good kid we met last summer in Grottaglie, Italy, Moneyless, is back at Fame Festival doing his really strong abstract street pieces, both in sculpture and paint. What is great is that the work almost appears to be a figment of your imagination, but it hangs, suspends in some of the most random spots in town.


text:
LOS ANGELES, July 25 (UPI) -- Fifth-seeded Xavier Malisse of Belgium breezed to straight-set win over American qualifier Nicolas Meister in the opening round of the Farmers Classic.
Malisse scored seven aces and broke a four-match losing streak while advancing to the next round of the Los Angeles tournament.
Marinko Matosevic, the No. 6 seed, rallied to beat Chris Guccione 3-6, 6-3, 6-3.
Also advancing Tuesday were Australian Matthew Ebden, Michael Russell of the United States and Igor Andreev of Russia.


text: Gala-goers joined co-chairs Leigh Smith and Terry Prather for the Trees of Hope Gala at The Corinthian, benefiting Star of Hope. More than 400 guests, including Lee and Faith Majors, Terri and John Havens, and honorary chair Lynn Wyatt, enjoyed dinner from Jackson and Company and Skyrocket's lively dance tunes. ... Kenny Loggins headlined the 32nd annual Friends of The Stehlin Foundation gala, chaired by Gabrielle Patout and Lory Tauber. Themed "Celebrating Hollywood at the Movies," the night began with red-carpet arrivals, and ended with groovin' on the dance floor! Photos by Jenny Antill and John Lewis


text:
Did you know they have red carpets in Lodi? There will be one Friday night at Hutchins Street Square — literally — during Film Night at the Square.
Film Night, the brainchild of Lodi residents Barry Ware and Jim Shoemaker, will feature the American debut of the Italian film "Dreams of Damanhur," which is about an enormous complex of subterranean art-filled spaces, hand-dug inside a mountain. Hidden doors and secret passageways will be the norm.


text:
Sherwood Soccer rewrites the history books
Tue, 13 May 2014 02:45:17 GMT —
Sherwood Christian girls' soccer team started the season knowing they had a good team, however what they didn't know was, by the end the season they were going to be winning the school's first athletic state title.
The Lady Eagles entered the GISA Class AA State tournament as a number one seed hosting Arlington Christian for round one of the playoffs, and after a huge shut-out their quest for a title continued. Round two began, when the number two seed in their bracket Trinity Christian tried to put an end to their run, but failed. Sherwood would host another shut-out over Trinity Christian for the 3-0 victory.
Entering the final four Sherwood Christian would host First Presbyterian Christian Academy and Head Coach for the Lady Eagles knew it was going to be a challenge.
Head Coach Jason Schultz said, "We knew going into this match-up that they were big and physical, but if our defense could keep playing like they have been we should be fine."
Once again the defense came through hosting a 2-0 shutout for the win, and more importantly setting up the state championship match between Sherwood Christian and Monsignor Donovan. Once the match started Katelyn Cuff scored the first goal in the first half, giving the Lady Eagles the 1-0 lead at the half. The second half was no different; Hannah King and Kylee Harrod would soon follow with goals of their own for the 3-0 victory in the GISA Class AA State tournament.
Sherwood Christian girls' soccer not only won the state championship, but won the school's first state title in history for the entire athletic program. They finished the season with an overall record of 21-2-1 and they won 15 straight to earn the state crown.


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Trainz SP Smoke Pellets for Lionel Trains
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Join us for one of our interactive webinars demonstrating the Duties Online system. We'll show you how to complete the most common processes including:
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Tickets will be available for purchase online 24 hours a day, 7 days a week when they are listed on this page. If tickets are not listed on this page, we may be obtaining more inventory soon and you can check back for more seats later.About Your Seats
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text:
|Numéro de publication
|Type de publication
|Numéro de demande
|Date de publication
|4 nov. 1986
|Date de dépôt
|1 juil. 1983
|Date de priorité
|13 juil. 1982
|État de paiement des frais
|Autre référence de publication
|Numéro de publication
|Kurt Giger
|Cessionnaire d'origine
|Wild Heerbrugg, Ag
|Exporter la citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citations de brevets (12), Citations hors brevets (2), Référencé par (77), Classifications (14), Événements juridiques (4)
|Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet
This invention relates to an apparatus for measuring the elapsed time or delay interval between electrical pulse signals using an evaluation circuit including a coarse measurement counter and means for fine measurement interpolation.
Optical pulse radar equipment measures distances or ranges by applying the time delay principle. The time interval between a transmitted signal and a received signal, i.e., an echo or blip, is used as a measure of the distance from the transmitter-received to an object from which the signal was reflected. Between two electrical signals which are representative of the transmitted and received optical signals, pulses supplied by a fixed frequency crystal oscillator are counted in an evaluation circuit. The time of the transmitted signal is used as a start signal and the time of the received or echo signal is used as the stop signal for the evaluation circuit. Details of such a system can be found in the article "Measurement of Short Ranges with the Aid of Optical Pulsed Radar Equipment", Nachrichtentechnische Zeitscrift, No. 9, 535-540, 1973. The difficulty with this counting procedure is that there is no correlation between the transmitted signal which establishes the start line and which starts the pulse count and the edges of the pulses of the crystal oscillator, nor is there synchronization between the echo signal which ends the pulse count and the edges of the oscillator pulses. Thus, at the beginning and end of the pulse count there are residual times which are not taken into consideration and cannot be evaluated for range finding purposes. Each of these undetermined residual times is smaller than a full cycle of the oscillator pulse. Thus, ignoring these residual times is permissible for mesurements which are relatively coarse, i.e., in the kilometer and meter range, but for precise range finding, in which accuracies are to be kept in the centimeter and millimeter range, the previously mentioned measuring method is inadequate.
German OS No. 2,842,450 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,541,448 disclose methods and devices which make a coarse determination of the delay time by means of a coarse measurement and take account of the random residual times by means of additional precision instruments with the aid of precision measurement interpolators in order to derive the precise measured time from the rough measurement using a correction technique. However, the disadvantage of this equipment is the high apparatus expenditure. For mobile use, such as for use in portable range finders using this general principle, this prior art equipment is too heavy and large and is unsuitable under practical conditions. Furthermore, miniaturization cannot be achieved using currently available techniques.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an evaluation apparatus for use in a pulse echo range finder which is simpler than presently available equipment and which permits the construction of a small, light and therefore handy piece of equipment, usable in portable apparatus without difficulty, but nevertheless permitting the desired high measurement accuracy.
A further object is to provide such an apparatus which is simple in operation and which involves a simple adjustment process, providing a reliable display of the measured values.
Briefly described, the invention comprises an improved apparatus for measuring the delay interval between pulse signals, the apparatus being of the type including means for producing a start signal, an evaluation circuit with a reference oscillator, a coarse counter for counting reference pulses between a start signal and a stop signal, and fine measurement interpolation means for determining the residual time between the stop signal and the next timing pulse edge of the reference oscillator, the improvement wherein said fine measurement interpolation means comprises only one precision mesurement interpolator for the interpolation of both of the residual intervals between the start signal and the next following reference oscillator timing pulse edge and between the stop signal and the next following reference oscillator timing pulse edge, said residual intervals being separated in time.
With the solution in accordance with the invention, a simple evaluation of analog voltage signals is achieved for any measuring process and the prerequisite of the miniaturization of the process is easily achieved so that it can be housed in a handly piece of equipment. It is particularly advantageous that averaging can take place over a randomly selected number of individual measurements as a function of the predetermined requirements for accuracy of the measurement. There is a particularly positive effect on the measuring accuracy if it is possible for averaging to take place over several individual measurements by internal equipment techniques. Additionally, it is possible to select the time for an interpolation over the individual measurements in such a way that the spread for the measured results remained low, keeping the range of error particularly narrow.
In order that the manner in which the foregoing and other objects are attained in accordance with the invention can be understood in detail, particularly advantageous embodiments thereof will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a delay line circuit usable in the apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a partial block diagram showing a modified embodiment of a portion of the apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a graphical representation of voltage as a function of reciprocal frequency showing the variation between the ideal measurement characteristic and a plurality of measurement points accomplished with the apparatus of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 5 is a partial block diagram of a modified form of a portion of the apparatus of FIG. 1.
As shown in FIG. 1, a reference oscillator 10, which can be a fixed frequency crystal oscillator, produces a plurality of pulses which are coupled to the input of a coarse measurement counter 11, and to the input of a time interpolator circuit 12. An output 111 of counter 11 and an output 121 of interpolator 12 are connected to a logic circuit 13. An output 132 of the logic circuit 13 is connected to the control input of a calibration circuit 14 which provides start and stop input signals to interpolator circuit 12. The output of reference oscillator 10 is directly connected to calibration circuit 14. Between the reference oscillator 10 and the input to coarse counter 11 is an edge detector 15, the output of which is connected to the counter, as mentioned, and also to the second stop input of interpolator 12.
Logic circuit 13 produces a start signal on a start line 133 which is connected to a clock pulse generator 16. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the output of clock pulse generator 16 is coupled to a conductor 161 which is connected to the input of a delay circuit 17 and to the timing input of counter 11. One output 172 of delay circuit 17 is connected to a transmitter driver circuit 18 which drives a transmission diode 19 for transmitting an optical pulse signal. The transmitted pulse signal passes to or through a switchable optical element 20 which can be switched between a transmissive calibration position and a reflective measuring position. In the calibration position the pulse signal from diode 19 passes directly to a receiving diode 21 which produces an electrical signal supplied through an amplifier 22 to one input of an OR-gate 23 to function as a stop signal. The other output of delay circuit 17 on line 171 is connected to the other input of the OR-gate 23. The output of gate 23 is connected to the input of edge detector 15 and also as a second start input signal to time interpolator circuit 12.
A switching driver 24 receives an input on line 134 from the output of logic circuit 13 and is used to drive a control element 25 for changing the state of optical element 20 as described.
The function of the apparatus of FIG. 1 is begun by initiating a measuring cycle with a trigger signal supplied from an external control to a trigger signal input 131 of logic circuit 13. In response to this, a signal is supplied to calibration circuit 14 on line 132 in response to which the circuit is enabled to produce a start signal for initiating the time interpolation. The calibration circuit 14 is supplied with the reference pulses from reference oscillator 10 and produces its start and stop signals with precisely defined time intervals in response to the receipt of reference pulses so that the start and stop signals supplied to circuit 12 are synchronized with the output of the reference oscillator. The interpolated values produced by circuit 12 are delivered on interpolator output line 121 to logic circuit 13 where they are stored for subsequent use during the calculation of the delay time and the measured distance.
Clock pulse generator 16 is influence by logic circuit 13 by a signal delivered on a start line 133 in such a way that it supplies a predetermined number of individual pulses and, consequently, starts a predetermined number of individual measurements. For example, the pulse sequence can be approximately 700 pulses per second. The series of individual measurements produced as a result of this series of pulses is used in a subsequently described manner for forming the average of the measured results in order to improve the accuracy of measurement.
The sequence of an individual measurement is described hereinafter and it should be remembered that the results of several such individual measurements are stored in logic circuit 13 until a desired number n of individual measurements have been accumulated, whereupon an average measured or test value is formed. The sequence begins with the provision of a signal on line 161 from clock pulse generator 16. This signal resets the coarse measurement counter 11 and activates the counter so that it starts counting with the first incoming pulse delivered on signal line 151 and stops with the second pulse. The signal on line 161 is also delivered to delay element 17 in response to which a signal is supplied on line 171 to gate 23 and to time interpolator circuit 12 as a second start input. Thus, the measurement between the aforementioned start signal and the next timing signal from reference oscillator 10 begins in interpolator circuit 12, the next timing signal being detected by edge detector 15 and supplied on signal line 151 to the second stop input of the time interpolator circuit and counter 11. The interpolated value reaches logic circuit 13 on interpolator output line 121.
The second output signal from delay element 17 on line 172, which is delayed with respect to the first output signal, stimulates transmitter drive 18 which causes diode 19 to emit a light pulse. Initially, the light pulse passes directly within the equipment through optical element 20 for the purpose of calibration and reaches receiver diode 21. The received signal produces an electrical signal which is delivered through amplifier 22 and OR-gate 23 to the second start input of interpolator 12. Simultaneously, edge detector 15 responds to the impulse and, with the next timing signal supplied by the reference oscillator, stops counter 11 and the action of interpolator 12 by a signal on line 151. The resulting values on counter 11 and interpolator 12 are delivered on lines 111 and 121 to logic circuit 13 where the results are averaged after reaching the desired number of such individual measurements and are stored as a calibration or zero distance.
At the end of this calibration process, logic circuit 13 supplies a signal on control line 134 to cause switching driver 24 to activate control element 25 so that the optical element 20 will be reflected out of the equipment, the next pulse then being reflected along path 81 to the reflective target indicated generally at R and creating an echo which returns along path 82. The optical element 20 diverts this received signal to reception diode 21. This reception is followed by the actual measuring process which is accomplished in substantially the same way as previously described for the calibration process. Individual mesurements take place along test path 81, 82. The average value is formed from the results of these individual measurements in logic circuit 13 and the zero or calibration distance obtained in the previous calibration process is subtracted and, finally, the result is delivered to a display on equipment output line 136 as a final test result for the distance between the equipment and reflector R, the display preferably being in the form of a linear measurement in meters, centimeters, inches, or the like, and the value can also be delivered to an external printer, not shown.
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a circuit which can be used as delay circuit 17 in FIG. 1. Line 161 which delivers a clock pulse is supplied to the activating input of a second counter 40 which begins counting the pulses supplied by a pulse source 41 which can be a second autonomous fixed frequency oscillator. Following a predetermined number of pulse counts, a signal is supplied on line 401 and, after a further predetermined number of pulse counts, a signal is supplied on a second counter output line 402. The first output line is connected to the signal input D of a pulse-triggered bistable multivibrator 42 and the second output line 402 is connected to the signal input D of a second, similar, bistable pulse-controlled multivibrator 43. Both multi-vibrators 42 and 43 are triggered by the pulses from oscillator 41. These bistable circuits can be of a type commonly known as JK flip-flop circuits which require a signal input and a trigger input for synchronized switching of states. Thus, the flip-flop action of the multi-vibrators is synchronized with the pulse edge from the second oscillator so that the delays between the signals are very precisely defined at the outputs Q of the two multivibrators on lines 171 and 172 by the characteristics of oscillator 41.
FIG. 3 shows an example of how the clock generator 16 according to FIG. 1 can be combined with the delay circuit of FIG. 2. Output line 133 of logic circuit 13 of FIG. 1 is connected, instead, to the second counter 40 which is in the same configuration as shown in FIG. 2. Thus, the signal appearing on start line 133 initiates a number of individual measurements, whereupon the second counter 40 generates on lines 161, 401 and 402 the signals described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2.
A certain non-linearity is inherent in the time interpolator 12 in accordance with FIG. 1 as a function of the interpolation interval, this non-linearity determining the measuring accuracy of the complete equipment. FIG. 4 graphically illustrates an example of the voltage variation at the output of time interpolator 12 as a function of time over an interpolation interval 1/fr, the factor fr signifying the pulse repetition frequency of reference oscillator 10. Thus, in FIG. 4, voltage is plotted as a function of time over a time t for n=14 individual measurements. The curve shows a typical non-linearity pattern. The linearly interpolated pattern, designated as an "ideal" line in FIG. 4, is also shown. The curve is such that in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention the signal appearing on line 71 of FIG. 1 is in a given phase relationship with respect to the edge of a pulse from reference oscillator 10. In this situation, there is uniform distribution of the measured values with time as shown in FIG. 4. This means that by synchronizing the clock generator 16 with reference oscillator 10, the accuracy of the overall circuit is significantly improved by the averaging of n measured values.
FIG. 5 shows a preferred embodiment in which this synchronization between clock pulse generator 16 and reference oscillator 10 is achieved. As shown, the output of oscillator 10 is connected, in addition to the connections previously described, to a divider circuit 60 and a mixer circuit 61. The outputs of divider 60 and mixer 61 are connected to the two inputs of a phase detector circuit 62, the output of which is connected to a filter 63. The filter output is connected to a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 65, the output of which is connected to the other input of mixer 61 and also to a second divider circuit 64. The output of divider 64 is connected to one input of an AND-gate 66, the second input of which is connected to the start line 133 illustrated in FIG. 1. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the reference frequency of oscillator 10 is 15 MHz, the division ratio x of divider 64 is 21520, the division ratio y of divider 60 is 1025, and the timing pulse rate on line 161 of FIG. 5 is approximately 70 Hz.
While certain advantageous embodiments have been chosen to illustrate the invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
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|Classification aux États-Unis
|356/5.13, 968/846, 327/31, 368/118, 327/261, 342/135
|Classification internationale
|Classification coopérative
|Classification européenne
|1 juil. 1983
Owner name: WILD HERRBRUGG, AG., HEERBRUGG, SWITZERLAND, A SWI
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:GIGER, KURT;REEL/FRAME:004149/0967
Effective date: 19830623
|19 avr. 1990
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|25 avr. 1994
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|4 mai 1998
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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