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_______ is loafing around!
Golurks Were Meant to Fly
October 5th, 2012, 5:08 PM
Are you a lazy person? When are times when you feel you're at your laziest?
October 5th, 2012, 6:09 PM
I'm actually pretty lazy. The only time I get up off some form of electronics is to play tennis, which is every other day, and for school.
October 5th, 2012, 7:37 PM
I'm more productive than I'd like to be.
Mr. Magius
October 5th, 2012, 7:52 PM
I'm not really lazy, but I have a giant problem with procrastinating :-(
October 5th, 2012, 7:56 PM
I'm always lazy at home. Cleaning? What's that? I should eat, but why do that now when I can do that later? Oh god the lazy never ends.
Not so much at work. I'm getting paid to do my job. I only get lazy if I'm really tired.
Are there Oceans in Space?
October 5th, 2012, 9:01 PM
I'm not exactly lazy, but I'm not exactly physically active. I have no idea if those are even related lol. I get stuff done though.
Shining Raichu
October 7th, 2012, 4:09 AM
I've always been lazy, I contribute nothing to my household lmao.
When I feel my laziest is when I am sitting here in my corner of the living room and I look around and there are like 10 candy wrappers that I haven't bothered to pick up yet. That's when I'm usually inspired to get up and do something so I don't feel like such a pig :P
October 7th, 2012, 4:13 AM
I love being lazy.. sleeping in is one of my favourite things <3
October 7th, 2012, 5:51 AM
I'm incredibly lazy :D I sleep in to 2-3pm when I get the chance and I spend most of my time not doing much at all, so yes, I'm very lazy. That's changed a lot recently since uni and such has started, but generally I'm pretty lazy. x]
October 7th, 2012, 10:51 AM
I have a tendency to get lazy at times, but not all the time, like doing my homework (even though I get right to it if need be).
Elite Overlord LeSabre™
October 8th, 2012, 10:46 PM
I'm quite lazy a lot of the time. I'm even known to skip meals and shows on TV just because I can't be bothered to get up from bed./the couch. That's like, the hardest thing for me to do, get off my lazy behind and actually do stuff when I'm comfortable just lying/sitting there xD
October 9th, 2012, 6:53 AM
I am a lazy person, as I have unfinished protects from like 3 years ago that I can't be bothered to finish.
October 9th, 2012, 9:10 AM
I have been forced into an undesired state of laziness that I'd rather not delve into. I'm trying to NOT be lazy, but it's hard, and since I'm sick right now... here I am, wasting my day away at my computer... boo... hiss...
I try to get things checked off my list. Not always easy given my condition. Uh wait, brb...
October 9th, 2012, 9:26 AM
Unfortunately, I am ridiculously lazy during all times of the day. I never want to go anywhere in the morning, never want to do my assignments, and never want to go to the store for anything. But, of course, I push myself to anyways.
But sadly I am extremely lazy irl and it's just such a hard habit to break. XD; I'm definitely at my laziest around nighttime.
October 10th, 2012, 11:42 PM
Being still and doing nothing are two very different things.
- Jackie Chan
That being said,i'm "being still" for a good 1/3 of my day. :l
October 13th, 2012, 6:23 PM
I'm really lazy in real life, but I'm virtually hard-working.
October 13th, 2012, 8:42 PM
Very lazy. All the time. Id type more but... nah.
October 14th, 2012, 11:31 AM
Yes. Yes I am. I hate doing things, even if those things only involve taking a few steps to another room.
October 14th, 2012, 11:39 AM
Yeahhh im lazy. Usually on the weekends more than the actually weekdays though. I'm always on the go during the week, so when the weekend comes I don't want to do anything.
Rainbow Arcanine
October 14th, 2012, 10:17 PM
Yeah I'm going to be honest here and say I'm pretty much 100% lazy D:.I have to be pushed into major assignments and homework which even when I begin it,takes about the next few hours to complete because of my dead mood to it. Sometimes I can't be bothered to get a glass of water or some sort of snack,instead most of my free time is something electronic,camping out on the couch or sleeping n_n.Unfortunately I think this is one of my major habits I'll never change so I'll probably be permanently lazy.
Ice Car
October 14th, 2012, 10:23 PM
I am the epitome of laziness. Take a bath? I'll do it in 5 hours. Maybe tomorrow.
I procrastinate a lot but also "plan it" and give myself a decent amount of time to finish assignments.
October 15th, 2012, 3:14 AM
I'm really lazy, I love sleeping even when it's not bedtime and especially on weekends.
Overlord Drakow
October 15th, 2012, 3:16 AM
I am one of the laziest people I know. I kind of always try to find the easy way out or to try and put in the minimum effort to get things done - simplicity is beauty after all. Sadly, these days I don't really get much opportunity to be a lazy ass and often there doesn't seem to be a quick fix to the issues I have to handle, which means I can't slack off too much anymore. I still find time to lurk around here though so I suppose it's not so bad at the moment all things considered.
I'm not lazy if it's something I am passionate about doing though, then I'm on the opposite end of the spectrum and will exert lots of effort.
October 15th, 2012, 5:46 AM
I'm actually pretty lazy. The only time I get up off some form of electronics is to play tennis, which is every other day, and for school.
Using electronics =/= Laziness. >:o
Physical laziness maybe, but that's just one facet of the word!
October 15th, 2012, 9:31 PM
Are you a lazy person?
Yes. Very much so.
When are times when you feel you're at your laziest?
Every. Single. Day.
I don't like to call or think of myself as "lazy," though, because it makes me feel even worse about myself than I already do. Instead, I think of myself as "unmotivated" or something along those terms - although, that does a good job of making me feel like crap, too.
Twilight Sky
October 17th, 2012, 7:25 AM
I'm quite the lazy person, but to an extent.
I realized my laziness costs me a lot during my Junior and Senior years of high school, and as a result, I decided that if I'm ever going to be lazy, I was going to get all of my work done first before procrastinating later.
Mr Cat Dog
October 30th, 2012, 2:48 PM
I get progressively lazier throughout the day. In the morning, I'm easily at my most productive and can do most tasks in good speed. Pretty much as soon as I have lunch, however, my productivity takes a nosedive, and even simple tasks can take twice (if not three-times) as long because I just dooooooon't caaaaaaaare anymore. I'm getting better now that I have to work for a living, but at school/uni, I just really didn't give a damn as soon as about 2pm came around, and it probably showed in my work! :P
Shiny Celebi
October 30th, 2012, 5:59 PM
Im fairly lazy most of the time, there isnt really a specific time. I should really be less lazy, but I have little motivation.
October 30th, 2012, 8:23 PM
Even at this very moment, I can use this time to get ahead on an assignment... but being lazy lol
October 30th, 2012, 9:01 PM
I'm not very lazy, but I'm not very active either. :/ I try to not be lazy, but sometimes I just can't help it. Laziness + procrastination = one of my biggest flaws. It gets to the point where I even skip my meals out of pure laziness to go out and buy some food. Sigh.
October 31st, 2012, 6:53 AM
I'm generally an active person especially in the morning. I'm always doing something, and if I'm not, then I probably want to do something. I'm definitely prone to getting lazy though. It catches me most when I actually don't have anything to do and I start to get bored. I'll be sitting there or lying down bored wanting to do something, but at the same time I don't want to do anything. It's the worst.
I'll also get lazy when it comes to do something I've been dreading to do for awhile, but you know how that is.
October 31st, 2012, 6:55 AM
I'm more lazier in the morning than in the evening considering that I am a night student xD. Like right now, I don't feel like making my own breakfast right now. But I'm alone so sooner or later I'll have to. I'm more active at midnight though...when doing my homework xD


text:
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Library Apps TCCL Careers
400 Civic Center ~ Tulsa, OK 74103 ~ 918.549.7323

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Mr. Halfright
The wheelchair encyclopedia of Normal Heights
Matthew Lickona 2:30 p.m., Nov. 22
The beach was noisy; a cacophony of not unpleasant sounds--children shrieking delight, the waves slopping on the sand, a throng of pedestrians , their flip-flops a-flapping, punctuated minute to minute
by the polite ting-ting of a bicycle cutting a slow swath thru the throng of glistening bronze belly buttons and low slung baggy board shorts, and the occasional whump of a volley ball returned
correctly. It's a mere hundred steps ascent to the top of the band shell bleachers facing the shore, and the din dissolves into white noise, a single simmering hum which lulls me into a dream-like reverie. From here, the bustling crowd milling about on the pier below resembles an
ant farm, swarming in the same kind of frenetic frenzied disorder, a silent steady stream of liquid motion now easily ignored. What a privilige to be here now on this glorious summer afternoon, soul
adrift in the mesmerizing calm of this vast brilliant blue sparkling ocean. I submit.
December 7, 2010


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TALMO - Billy Crawford worked several years in chemical plants and oil refineries in Houston. With solvents and processing crude oil in the air, it was a smelly line of work.
Later in life, he made a living raising chickens, another job that's not easy on the nose.
But after three years living downstream from Talmo's Agri-Cycle plant, Crawford realized there only is so much a man can take.
Crawford and his wife, Rhonda, recently moved off the 22-acre farm where they planned to retire and watch their grandchildren grow.
Those plans changed, according to Crawford, when their new upstream neighbors arrived in 2004.
"It's as bad of a stink as you've ever smelled," Crawford said. "When it first started, it wasn't that bad, but now the smell seems to settle and travel down the creek. I used to have chicken houses on my farm. This was a different odor."
Agri-Cycle is a nursery and private wastewater treatment plant. The company uses bacteria to decompose restaurant grease and other food waste and then uses a land-application waste treatment system to dispose of the decomposed waste, according to Dominique Weatherell, who manages the Georgia Environmental Protection Division's industrial wastewater department.
Crawford is one of 130 Talmo-area residents who gathered earlier this month to tell war stories about "the smell" and discuss how to move forward when the Georgia Environmental Protection Division allows the public to comment on whether Agri-Cycle should be able to renew its land-application, wastewater-treatment license. The group - armed with pollution diaries of what they saw or smelled, along with pictures - is prepared.
Like Crawford, they're tired of living with the persistent smell, which they describe as everything from sewage to a rotting animal.
It's worst downstream from Agri-Cycle on Allen Creek, said Omie Echols, who's home backs up to the creek.
"At first it was only on certain days - when it was extremely humid or had just rained," Echols said. "We'd say, 'Oh it is bad today.' It was a nuisance. But now it's all the time - there's just some days so bad you can't go outside."
The Echols didn't even open their swimming pool this summer because they knew they wouldn't be able to entertain outside or enjoy the pool, she said.
"It's embarrassing," Echols said. "You can't have people over. One of my biggest fears is that I'm just going to get used to it. My sister came to visit this summer. She got out of the car and asked, 'What is that?' I could barely smell it. I thought, 'Oh no, I'm becoming accustomed to it.' "
Thomaston-based Agri-Cycle came to Talmo in 2004 when owner Richard Havrille purchased the defunct Valley Fresh poultry processing plant just beyond the Talmo city limit in northern Jackson County. Valley Fresh's operators had used an existing land-application wastewater system to dispose of poultry processing waste.
Valley Fresh was issued a new wastewater-processing license in 2000. That license was transferred to Agri-Cycle in 2004 and expired in 2005. Agri-Cycle has been operating under a provisional license since the lapse, Weatherell said.
Havrille did not return a phone call for comment by press time.
The EPD is working with Havrille to draft a new permit for the Agri-Cycle plant, which may include stricter regulations, Weatherell said.
"What we're concerned with in general is how the facility operates and how they're verifying the materials they receive," Weatherell said.
During the permitting process, the EPD will make sure that Agri-Cycle's spray fields can filter out the amount of waste spray there and that no waste, treated or untreated, is leeching into Allen Creek, which runs adjacent to the plant.
The EPD has scrutinized Agri-Cycle since the plant opened, fining the company $27,000 in July 2005 after a waste pipe ruptured and spilled "greasy organic solids" into Allen Creek. In November 2005, EPD Director Carol Couch wrote Havrille a letter indicating that the EPD wanted to revoke his permit because "past operational problems and the current violations indicates that it is more likely than not that you will continue to have permit violations if this facility remains in operation."
On Aug. 8, residents along Allen Creek took pictures of another greasy slick that they claim regularly appears along the bank of Allen Creek.
Weatherell hasn't received an updated design and operations plan from Havrille, the document that will provide the starting point for the new permit and setting new regulations. When that step is complete in two to three months, the EPD will accept public comment.
Issuing a new permit would allow the EPD to place further requirements and safeguards on Agri-Cycle to protect Allen Creek and local groundwater, Weatherell said.
Weatherell admits there's not much a new permit can do about odor, if the odor isn't a sign of another problem.
"The odors themselves are not something I can regulate," Weatherell said.
But residents, including Crawford, would rather see the plant shut down for good than permitted with new protections.
"You work for something your whole life, and then someone goes and does something stupid like this," Crawford said. "Hopefully, they'll close it. And we'll go back and start over."
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text: I rooted my Droid Continuum with z4Root and it worked perfectly. I am wondering if there is a way to change the file permissions of my internal files so that I can do some of my own changes?? Is there any app that will allow this or something? Will BusyBox do this for me??


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Pedagogy of Word Problems
I've been following the links the new edition of the Carnival of Mathematics sponsored by the Wild About Math! blog. This is an issue #66, and it appears that I have learned about this undertaking relatively late, of which I regret. It is a curious collection of online articles. The next submissions deadline is set for July 2. But I got a little diverted. So, I've been following the links, and arrived at a great post Word Problems in Russia and America which was based on an online book of 159 pages by Andrei Toom (via a comment from Maria Miller. The book is an expansion of a 2005 talk and is dated 2007. This, too, I regret not having seen earlier. The book makes an absorbing reading.
Here's just my first (and incomplete) impression. One point is that the word problems offered to the American kids in 7-8 grades are often tackled by their Russian or Singaporean counterparts 4 (and even more) grades earlier. There is also a difference between how the problems are supposed to be treated. In the US, the problems are offered in Algebra I and, consequently, are expected to be solved algebraically. Problems of the comparable difficulty in Russia and Singapore, are treated arithmetically, with great benefit to students.
Toom complains that, although math educators in America are wont of referring to the problem solving methodology of G. Polya who placed great value on solving word problems, there are practically no word problems in the American grade school.
At one point, Toom quotes Alan Schoenfeld on the results of one of the NAEP (National Assessment of Educational Progress) secondary mathematics exams. Specifically, the Schoenfeld commented on the solutions to the following problem:
An army bus holds 36 soldiers. If 1128 soldiers are being bused to their
training site, how many buses are needed?
According to Schoenfeld,
Seventy percent of the students who took the exam set up the correct long division and performed it correctly. However, the following are the answers those students gave to the question of "how many buses are needed?": 29% said... "31 remainder 12"; 18% said... "31"; 23% said... "32", which is correct. (30% did not do the computation correctly).
Toom then brings up a problem from a Russian Grade 4 textbook:
Each box can contain 20 kg of carrot. How many boxes are necessary to transport 675 kg of carrot?
He then observes:
I have no doubt that Russian children, when meeting with such problems first time in their life, made the same ridiculous mistakes as mentioned by Schoenfeld. But pay attention to the difference of ages: Russian children encounter such problems already in the 4-th grade, when they are ten years old. At that innocent age it is not fatal to make ridiculous mistakes.
In this connection let us consider also the following problem: A company packs carrots into boxes. Each box must contain 20 kg of carrots. The company has 675 kg of carrots. How many boxes can it fill with carrots?
Note that semantic of the problem changed, although the numbers have remained the same. The answer to the first problem is 32, to the second is 31.
I believe that having a problem and its modification (and the more of these the better) side by side is a great educational device. G. Polya's problem solving methodology consists of four steps. Quite frequently the last one (Looking Back) is interpreted as an advice to check the solution while the intention is much deeper. In Polya's words
Even fairly good students, when they have obtained the solution of the problem and written down neatly the argument, shut their books and look for something else. Doing so, they miss an important and instructive phase of the work. By looking back at the completed solution, by reconsidering and reexamining the result and the path that led to it, they could consolidate their knowledge and develop their ability to solve problems. A good teacher should understand and impress on his students the view that no problem whatever is completely exhausted. There remains always something to do; with sufficient study and penetration, we could improve any solution, and, in any case, we can always improve our understanding of the solution.
I'd add "... and also our understanding of the problem." Tweaking the problem parameters goes a long way to improving our understanding.


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Expiration dates, defective models, and deterioration are not common words you may think of when buckling up your child.
The Zanesville Muskingum County Health Department is providing a car seat program that teaches parents the ins and outs of car seat safety. Certified car seat technician, Laurie Coplin says that there are misconceptions when it comes to proper car seat safety including when they expire.
"There's usually good for about 6 years from the date of manufacturer and there should be a date stamped on the car seat on the back of it on the plastic. You really need to pay attention to that because you don't want to be using something unsafe for your child, " said Coplin.
Coplin says some parents believe the more you pay for your car seat the better it will perform. She says this is not true and through the car seat program you can receive a car seat free of charge. Proper installation could be the difference between life and death.
" If they are not properly installed you run a risk of your child being injured or killed in accident so its really important to have your child installed in the seat properly ," said Coplin.
To schedule a car seat inspection or educational class you can call the Zanesville Muskingum County Health Department.


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Happy Kanye is the New Sad Kanye
Everybody meme ... whoops ... meet Happy Kanye!
When a picture surfaced of Kanye West and Kim Kardashian zip-lining on vacation the Internet went crazy, because Kanye's forlorn face made everyone worry about Sad Kanye.
But a new picture has surfaced, and it shows a much different side of the man we call Ye. A Kanye that almost no one has ever seen before. A Kanye, that for all of our sakes, we hope stays around for a little while.
Everyone meet Happy Kanye:
Happy Kanye enjoys ice cream on a summer day. He likes to listen to up-and-coming rappers outside of his apartment. And most of all, he fucking loves zip-lining. Here are some other cool activities that Happy Kanye partakes in.
Happy Kanye wants to save New York City from the Stay Puft Marshmallow Man.
Oh shit, look at Happy Kanye dropping the Yeezus elbow on The Undertaker.
Happy Kanye joins Indiana Jones on whip patrol.
Happy Kanye and Miley Cyrus are out here wrecking balls.
Happy Kanye is not afraid to take a hand from Sly Stallone.
Happy Kanye is in touch with his inner child.
Don't ever think Ye doesn't smile, people.


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Dwyane Wade spent more than two hours Friday at a downtown Chicago hotel hearing a pitch from the New York Knicks and emerged saying he was "intrigued" by what he heard.
The Knicks were the third team in two days hoping to pull Wade, one of free agency's top players, away from the Miami Heat. The two sides met for 2 hours and 15 minutes before Wade spoke with reporters as he was leaving the hotel.
"It was a good meeting, it was a real good meeting and I will say I'm intrigued," he said, declining further comment before driving away.
On Thursday, Wade spent two hours meeting with the Bulls and later met with the New Jersey Nets. The Chicago-area native has already heard from the Heat, whose top priority is to bring back the 2006 NBA finals MVP.
Despite his ties to Chicago - including a home and family, including his mother - Wade has said repeatedly that he would like to stay in Miami. But he did structure his last contract for the opportunity to become a free agent for the first time.
Wade is expected to return to Florida early next week. He is scheduled to join Heat executive Alonzo Mourning for a Tuesday news conference about their annual Summer Groove, a fundraising weekend for youth programs and other charitable causes. Wade is expected to play in an all-star game as part of that weekend on July 18.
Fellow free agent superstar Chris Bosh tweeted that he and Wade dined Thursday night in Chicago and posted a picture to prove it. Bosh also said "it feels like someone is missing," an apparent reference to Cavaliers star LeBron James, the crown jewel of the free agent crop. Various reports have suggested the three are discussing their options in concert.
AP Sports Writer Tim Reynolds in Miami contributed to this story.


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DYESS-L ArchivesArchiver > DYESS > 1999-01 > 0916000424
From: Kaite <>
Subject: [DYESS-L] Senator B. G. Dyess in Alexandria Town Talk
Date: Sun, 10 Jan 1999 14:33:44 -0600
There is a picture of Senator B. G. Dyess in the Alexandria Town Talk
(Alexandria, La) today....January 10, 1999.......
There is the article that accompanies the picture:
PRAYER RALLY.....spiritual help is sought for Beauregard's Schools
by Jules miller
Staff reporter
DERIDDER----Hundreds of people gathered Saturday in prayer, asking in
earnest that Beauregard Parish administrators and teachers do good this year.
"We're here today sincerely praying that God will touch and move us in a
spiritual, divine way so that things will get better in this state, in this
country for the present and the next generation," said state Senator B. G.
Dyess, D-Alexandria. "We are praying to that end."
Dyess was the keynote speaker at the hour-long prayer rally held in the
auditorium of the DeRidder High School. Several schools and local
musicians performed a variety of songs, ranging from "Give Me That Old Time
Religion" to "On My Knees", Kari McCarty, a flutiest, performed a patriotic
The prayer rally, the first for Beauregard Parish, was to encourage the
"great tasks" that lay before the school system's new superintendent, Joe
Aguillard, and the newly-elected School Board members, plus administrators,
teachers and students.
Event organizer, the Rev. Jon Tellifero of the First United Methodist
Church, said he patterned the prayer rally, dubbed Lincoln's Call, after a
similar move made by President Lincoln in 1863. Lincoln had asked all,
regardless of faith, to spend a day praying and fasting for the nation's
"That's something we needed--the best for our future and our children,"
Tellifero said.
DYESS told the gathering that those in Beauregard Parish had a lot to be
thankfulfor, but much cencern remains.
"That concern is expressed by those who come here today," DYESS said. "Our
school system is at, perhaps, its lowest ebb, even in my lifetime."
But, that can change through prayer, he said.
"Is prayer profitable? Is what we're doing here today profitable," asked
DYESS moments before receiving a standing OVATION for his comments. "We
believe it is or else we wouldn't be here today. My friends, prayer is
Robert Graham, who has children in the Beauregard Parish schools, was
delighted at hearing DYESS' comments.
"it can do us only good," Graham said of the prayers offered by hundreds
of people who attended the rally.
DeRidder resident Sarah Biggs said that as a Beauregard Parish teacher and
parent she stands behind the prayer rally.
"I'm a firm believer that prayer is going to get us through it to make it
better," Mrs. Biggs said.
Tellifero said Saturday's event could only hearten those involved in the
educational system about the value of life.
Life is worth giving one's best and making great contributions of which the
key ingredients are prayer and emotional and spiritual support, he said.
"That keeps us going even in hard times," Tellifero said.
End of the aritle...
Here is what is under the picture of Senator B. G. Dyess.....
Sen. B. G. Dyess, D-Alexandria, told hundreds gathered Saturday for a
prayer rally that prayer can profit the Beauregard Parish schools system
and the children educated there. This was the first time such a prayer
rally was held in the parish......
Informational only.... DeRidder, La is located about 55 WEST of Alexandria,
The Rev. Senator B. G. Dyess.... is the
Son of J. B. (Josie) Dyess
Grandson of Edmond D. Dyess
Great Grandson of Thomas D. Dyess
Great Great Grandson of John Dyess
This thread:


text:
Radiofrequency Ablation Zaps Small Lung Tumors Surgeons Can't Get
Daniel J. DeNoon
WebMD Health News
Reviewed By Louise Chang, MD
Latest Cancer News
June 17, 2008 — A device that zaps tumors ups survival in patients with small, inoperable lung cancers, an international clinical trial suggests.
The technique is called radiofrequency ablation or RFA. Riccardo Lencioni, MD, Robert Suh, MD, and colleagues used RFA to zap 183 lung tumors in 106 patients rejected for surgery and considered unfit for radiation or chemotherapy.
Despite the frail condition of these patients, RFA got rid of the tumors in all but one patient. More importantly, overall survival was 70% at one year and 48% at two years for patients with primary lung cancer, and 89%-92% at one year and 64%-66% at two years for patients with other cancers that had spread to the lung.
None of the patients suffered worse lung function after undergoing RFA.
"We are offering a procedure to patients who traditionally would have very few options," Suh tells WebMD. "It is a safe procedure with a link to promising long-term survival."
It's a "very provocative study," says Edgardo S. Santos, MD, assistant professor of medicine at the University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center. Santos was not involved in the Lencioni study.
"I was impressed with the complete response rates they were able to find," Santos tells WebMD. "And the survival at two years, 75% — even for stage I lung cancer, that is great for patients rejected for surgery. So certainly the question now will be how can we move this kind of treatment into the management of lung cancer for patients."
Surgery remains the best treatment for lung cancer. But lung surgery means removal of parts of the lung. And even when the cancer is caught relatively early, some people — such as those with lung disease — can't afford to lose any more lung.
RFA isn't for every tumor. It can only be used in relatively small tumors. Lencioni, Suh, and colleagues treated only tumors 3.5 centimeters (about 1 3/8 inches) in diameter or smaller; the average tumor was 1.75 centimeters. This means that study patients had stage I or stage II lung cancer.
"What percentage of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer could qualify for this? If we look at those with stage I and II, that's about 15.7% of these cancers," Suh says. "Previously, patients in this group who cannot have surgery had little or nothing else to be offered. They would not qualify for outside beam radiation, because it causes too much lung damage, and chemotherapy has not been shown to be beneficial in this group."
The RFA device looks like a long needle with a handle on the end. Guided by CT scanning, a doctor inserts the needle into the lung and hits a switch that deploys tiny tines into the tumor. When the device is activated, it induces intense heat in and around the tumor, causing it to burn away.
RFA already is approved by the FDA for use in metastatic liver tumors and for general use in soft tissues, but it is not specifically approved for treating lung tumors.
Suh serves as a consultant to one maker of RFA devices, but not to the manufacturer of the device used in the study.
SOURCES: Lencioni, R. Lancet Oncology, published online June 18, 2008. Edgardo S. Santos, MD, assistant professor of medicine, University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center. Medscape: "Radiofrequency Ablation of Small Lung Tumors Can Be Curative." Robert Suh, MD.
©2008 WebMD, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
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text:
Being a single mother has never been easy, but it has not been as hard as my two sons are getting older. They have been really great about helping me out with everything from getting good grades in school to helping with the chores at home. When I got a new job in San Antonio, one of them suggested that we look at apartments in San Antonio so the drive would not be so hard on me. I thought that was pretty incredible because it meant that they would have to change school districts, which can be hard for a kid.
They are amazing though, and they even told me that they would find a place that is inexpensive and nice. It did not take them long to find us a three bedroom apartment at a complex called The Niche, and I was really surprised at the price, considering all that they offer there. The boys had even looked at online reviews to make sure that we were not going to be in for any hidden surprises, which we weren't because all of the reviews were extremely positive.
I really liked the floor plan of the apartment too. Our three bedrooms are at one end of the apartment, and there are even two balconies too. One is a private balcony off of my bedroom, and the other one is a really big one off the living room. There is a lot of storage there too, and two full baths. It should not have surprised me that they found something so nice, but it did. I cannot say enough good things about my boys. I love them both so much, and we are having the time of our lives at our new home because of all the amenities that they offer to all the residents.


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African Union to establish FSA
The body held a two day workshop this week to draft the proposal of a food safety authority, draft and RASFF and to propose a road map for implementation.
Participants included Codex contacts point people and food safety managers from Members States governments, representatives of Regional Economic Communities and the African Union Commission.
The aim was to re-affirm the need, objectives, structure and functionality of a Food Safety Authority within the AUC to increase market access for food and agricultural products and raise production levels and improve public health.


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When I try to preview or save a post, I get a failure message "Are you sure you want to do this?"
a) This message is unhelpful as it provides no information on the nature of the error.
b) There is no coding in my blog that should cause this, as it happens only sporadically.
What is the cause of this, and what should I do to avoid losing the information I have entered?
The blog I need help with is cohn17.com.


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Adafruit is in the physical WIRED holiday store in NYC and on their online site. We have our MintyBoost and IceTube Clock kit on display there. We also heard EPILOG has a laser cutter there and is etching laptops!
The WIRED Store is located at:
415 West 13th Street
(between 9th Avenue & Washington Street)
New York City
The Store is open:
Wednesdays through Sundays, noon to 9pm
(closed Thanksgiving and Christmas Day)
Check out all the Circuit Playground Episodes! Our new kid's show and subscribe!
Have an amazing project to share? Join the SHOW-AND-TELL every Wednesday night at 7:30pm ET on Google+ Hangouts.
Join us every Wednesday night at 8pm ET for Ask an Engineer!
Learn resistor values with Mho's Resistance or get the best electronics calculator for engineers "Circuit Playground" – Adafruit's Apps!
Maker Business — TechShop is closed, files bankruptcy
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Biohacking — Learning to See with Sound
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Whoa, sweet. 🙂
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The Fairy Tale of New York: BEAUTIFUL images of Statue of Liberty following polar vortex
THESE beautiful, ghostly images portray a fairy tale of New York, with the city surrounded by deep fog and the Statue of Liberty rising like spectre from the sea following the polar vortex that swept America.
This most recent fog made Jersey City entirely disappear
Boats appear to be floating on heavenly clouds as they sail on the cold Hudson river.
The deep freeze caused record low temperatures across the US but a sudden rise in temperatures left much of the country covered in thick fog.
In New York City temperatures hit around 7C marking an almighty swing from the freezing snow and winds which grounded more than 11,000 flights in America.
The spectacular shots, captured by keen photographer Jay Fine, were taken over the weekend.
He said: "This most recent fog made Jersey City entirely disappear - a stranger standing on the New York side of the Hudson River by Battery Park City would not know they were facing the largest building in all of New Jersey.
"The Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island were also gone much to the annoyance of the few tourists out over the weekend.
"Instead of shots of the Statue they had to content themselves with using their iPhones to take photos of nothing.
"Looking out my window was like staring into a wall of cotton wool. There's nothing to orient you to your surroundings. Outside is devoid of detail, scale or perspective.
"When the fog knocks out visibility we get an ad hoc composition of deep bass notes from the tugs, tour boats and occasional cruise ship.
"Yesterday it sounded like the scene in ET where the humans greet the alien ship.
"Every few years a massive fog that rolls in from the harbour and down the streets of lower Manhattan makes you feel like you're in a science fiction movie of your own making."


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(Archived document, may contain errors)
548 November 25, 1986 SETTING LIMITS ON CONVENTIONAL ARMS A NEW STRATEGY FOR U.S. NEGOTl,ATORS INTRODUCTION One the most important issues to emerge from the U.S.-Soviet Iceland summit is how drastic nuclear arms reductions would affect the balance of conventional forces in Europe. It has become increasingly clear that a world without nuclear ballistic missiles would require doing som ething about the superiority in conventional forces which the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies currently enjoy in Europe.
Either NATO would have to build up its conventional forces or an arms control agreement would have to be reached that stabilizes the balance of conventional forces in the European theater.
It could be argued that the way to avoid making hard choices about a buildup of NATO conventional forces would be to find some common ground with the Soviets at the Mutual and Balanced Force Re duction (MBFR) talks in Vienna. But is an MBFR agreement, as it is currently being negotiated, in the security interests of the West?.
Since MBFR negotiations began in 1973, MBFR has moved incrementally toward an agreement of potentially catastrophic consequences for NATO.
That danger is the result of inherent flaws which have bedeviled MBFR from its inception. These are 1) MBFR has mistakenly focused on manpower as the unit of account instead of more destabilizing elements of the military imbalance such as tanks or aircraft. 2) Reductions of manpower are more harmful to NATO than to the Warsaw Pact because it would be easier for the Soviets to re'introduae or reinforce troops in Europe than for the U.S 3) Manpower reductions would undermine NATO's abilit y to defend the central front in Germany because NATO's defenses are currently overextended. 4) Ceilings on manpower levels are unverif'iable.
To avoid these problems, the U.S. and its NATO allies should negotiate a new mandate for conventional arms control negotiations.
This could capitalize on MOSCOW~S recent willingness to terminate MBFR and open a new negotiating forum. Elements of a new mandate should include: 1) establishing a new unit of account to replace the current focus on manpower; 2) expanding the area of application to include all of Europe; 3) broadening the negotiations to.include battlefield nuclear and chemical weapons; and 4) establishing effective but realistic verification requirements.
THE ORIGINS OF MBFR The Pumose and Scor>e of MBFR The purpose of the MBFR talks is to negotiate an agreement to reduce forces and armaments in Central Europe. The area of reductions consists of the territory of seven countries: West Germany, Belgium the Netherlands, and Luxembourglin the West and East G ermany, Poland and Czechoslovakia in the East.
The announced Western goal for MBFR has been to reach manpower parity between East and West at the levels of 700,000 ground forces and 900,000 combined air and ground forces. To reach the Western goal, the Sov iet bloc would have to eliminate substantially more troops than the West because of current Warsaw Pact advantages in conventional forces in the Central Region. Reducing the Soviet military threat to Western Europe would make it less necessary for the Wes t to drastically increase expenditures for conventional forces. It would also help deter a Warsaw Pact attack by requiring the Soviet Union to undergo substantially greater mobilization and reinforcement before attacking than is now the case. For this reas o n, verification measures to insure compliance with an agreement would be expected to provide the Allies some additional warning time of an impending Soviet attack, which, in turn, would facilitate NATO's own mobilization and reinforcement decisions 1. Fra n ce has refused to take part in the three French divisions located in Hungary also was excluded at Soviet the talks, although NATO has tacitly agreed to count West Germany in Western figures. The territory of insistence 2. NATO would reduce 90,000 to 100,0 0 0 air and ground forces while, according to Western data, the Warsaw Pact would be required to reduce some 240,000 total troops 2- Western. Motivations The major reason for the West's initial'interest in MBFR was to forestallsthe progressive unraveling of NATO's conventional military defenses. NATOIs problems had been demonstrated by: 1) the 1966 withdrawal of France from military participation in NATO, which caused NATO to lose the largest single Western army of,-the.day-(338;000 strong), as well as a maj o r part of NATO's logistical infrastructure 2) the depletion of U.S. forces in Europe as the war in Vietnam expanded: 3) indications in 1967 that England was considering cuts in the British Army of the Rhine; and 4) the threat of unilateral U.S troop reduc t ions prompted by former Senator Mike Mansfield's series of resolutions, first submitted to Fhe Senate in 1966, that culminated in the Mansfield Amendment of 1971 Former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger tacitly admitted that force reductions themselves w e re never the objective of MBFR.'All the Administrationls studies had shown that conventional forces in Europe needed to be increased., The Mansfield Amendment threatened just the opposite. And according to every scenario devised by the National Security C ouncil, reaching an agreementsat the MBFR talks actually would increase the imbalance of forces.
Soviet Motivations The USSR had no military incentive to engage in the MBFR negotiations, having already achieved a preponderance of conventional military forc es in Central Europe which it had no intention of negotiating away. As in the case with the West, its motivation was political.
NATO's military capability, the Soviet Union was motivated primarily by its desire for a European security conference that woul d formally recognize post-World.War I1 borders, thereby legitimizing Soviet control over Eastern Europe. The U.S. agreed in 1972 to support the While certainly interested in achieving constraints on 3. Jeffrey Record, Force Reductions in Eurooe: Start inp Over (Cambridge, Massachusetts and Washington, D.C Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, 1980), p. 36 4. U.S. troop strength declined from 408,000 to 310,000 between 1962 and 1970 according to Robin Ranger, Arms a nd Pol itics. 1958 -1978: Arms Control i n a Cha neinn Political Context Toronto: The MacMillan Company of Canada, Ltd 1979), p. 189 5. The Mansfield Amendment, which would have cut U.S. force strength in Europe by 150,000 men, was defeated on May 19, 1971, by a margin of 61-36, after a major lob b ying effort by the Nixon Administration 6. Henry Kissinger, White House Years (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1979), pp 939, 947 3European security conference (later known as the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe-CSCE) in exchange for S oviet agreement to participate in MBFR.
THE WESTERN LACK OF NEGOTIATING LEVERAGE The Soviet drive to achieve military dominance dates from Peter the Great and is founded on the conviction that Russia (and, today the USSR) should by right be the dominant in fluence in Europe py virtue of its size, military might, and ideological dominance. To realize this dream, the Soviets have created a first-class military established a protective empire, and achieved superpower status. They almost certainly have no inten tion of giving up any part of their hard won status.
Because of the Soviets' acknowledged conventional force s uperiority, the West has no credible leverage with which to force a significant reduction of Soviet conventional forces. 'Western arms control advocates have failed to grasp this essential: fact. As a result, the West has made important negotiating conces sions with potentially serious ramifications for NATO's security in the vain hope that the USSR would agree to reduce its commanding lead. For its part, the USSR has sought an agreement that would codify existing 'Warsaw Pact military superiority.
WESTERN CONCESSIONS The dynamic of Western negotiating efforts, which is subject'to a large degree of public and internal pressure for progress, has led to many serious concessions. NATO has reduced substantially its negotiating demands in terms of both the scope and form of initial Soviet reductions. The West's early attempts to negotiate the reduction of a full Soviet tank army, while a step in the right direction, were successfully opposed by the USSR. In progressively weaker proposals over the years, NATO even tually dropped virtually all conditions that Soviet reductions consist of major combat formations.
The latest NATO initiative (December 1985) proposes a f irst-stage reduction of 11,500 Soviet troops (down from 68,000 in NATO's 1973 proposal 90 percent of which would be taken in whole battalions or regiments and ten percent in individual soldiers (as contrasted with a tank army complete with all its equipment in NATO's first proposal 7. Malcolm Mackintosh, "The Russian Attitude to Defense and Disarmament," International Affair$ Vol. 61, No. 3, Summer 1985, pp. 391, 394 4This proposal does not require removal of armaments or equipment and does not even specify that withdrawn forces be combat units, thereby allowing Soviet reductions to be taken from service support units more serious omission is the failure to prohibit Soviet prepositioning of equipment in Eastern Europe to facilitate rapid reinforcement of the Central Region.
December 5, 1985, when it agreed to eliminate the requirement for mutual agreement on current troop levels prior to treaty signature.
The Warsaw Pact maintaips that its troop levels are some 160,000 men below NATO's estimates. Despite years of insistence that resolving the "data issue1# was a prerequisite to accurately determining the n umber of reductions required to reach parity, NATO finally bowed to Soviet bloc refusals to provide additional elaboration on its forces.
NATO thereby accepted the Soviet assertions that it was not necessary to know the number of forces in the reductions area prior to initiating reductions. Instead, once reductions were complete, the resulting lfvels would be monitored by a variety of verification techniques..
The ability to verify residual force levels, even with National Technical Means and relatively i ntrusive Associated Measures is far from assured and perhaps even impossible force levels, verification is greatly complicated A NATO made perhaps its host-damaging concession in these talks on Without prior agreement on Although many Western experts were convinced that a Western concession on the data issue would promote movement in the talks, the Soviets have merely pocketed the concession'and are now chipping away at the Western verification package issue, NATO has lost all hope of achieving asymmetrica l reductions leading to parity in the Central Region, which was the raison d'etre for the West entering the MBFR negotiations By compromising on the data 8. The Arms Control Reoorter, December 1982, p. 401.E.1 9. These techniques are National Technical Mea ns (NTMs) and Associated Measures (AMs).
National Technical Means (NTMs) refers generally to photographic reconnaissance satellites and other assets under national control for monitoring compliance with the provisions of an arms control agreement. Associat ed Measures (AMs) are the "cooperative" measures proposed in the MBFR talks to aid in monitoring and verifying provisions of a treaty.
They include on-site inspection, entry/exit points for monitoring troop movements, and exchanges of information on force s 1 -5- IS AN MBFR AGREEMENT IN NATO's SECURITY INTEREST The U.S. has never been able to design a methodology that would make NATO reductions actually desirable are already stretched thin, forcing the alliance to depend on nuclear weapons and the doctrine of flexible response to deter a conventional attack by the Warsaw Pact Even a reduced Soviet presence-in Eastern Europe would not appreciably change NATO's basic requirements for defense. NATO reductions, on the other hand, would increase the importance o f the two sides' relative capabilities to mobilize and reinforce in a crisis-decidedly disadvantageous to NATO due to geographic considerations NATO's conventional defenses In the rush to head off the Mansfield amendment, the U.S. and NATO committed themse l ves tolothe MBFR negotiations before they had determined their objectives negotiations that would have serious security consequences. specific defects which undermine the current MBFR negotiations include NATO thus accepted a mandate for The Manpower is t h e Wronu Unit of Account The focus of MBFR on manpower has less to do with logic than with politics which was aimed at the unilateral reduction of U.S. manpower from Europe. Manpower ceilings were fairly easily specified (a 700,000-man ground forces ceilin g was initially agreed for each side and subsequently, a mutual 900,000-man ceiling on both air and ground forces was added equipment. Soldiers are relatively comparable: tanks and aircraft vary widely in capabilities.
Since its inception, therefore, MBFR discussions have hinged on manpower, despite the fact that a treaty based solely on manpower would have little positive effect on security in Central Europe. In fact, such a treaty potentially could be disastrous because: 1 manpower alone is not an effect i ve measure of combat power and therefore not an effective means of establishing a military balance armaments and force structure are more effective 2) manpower is too illusive a unit of account to be verifiable; and 3) there is a wide variance between Sov i et and Western positions on the number of Soviet bloc forces in the reductions area, and, in view of the Western concession on data, it is unlikely that the difference will be narrowed. reduced and limited, there is little prospect that real parity can be achieved It is a direct response to the 1971 Mansfield amendment Manpower was also easier to compare than Without a clear perspective on the number of troops being 10. Kissinger, OD. ciL pp. 402, 947-948.
Manvower Reductions Ham NATO more than the Warsaw Pact U.S. reductions would be more prejudicial to NATO's security than The reason is the Soviet reductions would be to Warsaw Pact security geostrategic asymmetry which dictates that reinforcement of NATO from the U.S. will be substantially more difficult than Soviet reinforcement of Eastern Eur0pe.I In the. Soviet case, reinforcements can be moved as little as 400 miles from the USSR, while in the case of the U.S. and Canada, reinforcements would be required to traverse 4,000 miles or more road and rail n e twork, by Soviet military transport aviation or by means of the largest civil air fleet in the world U.S. forces, on the other hand, cannot be easily reintroduced once withdrawn. Sea lines of communications are long and vulnerable, even if suffi,cient shi pping existed. Airlift assets are already fully committed for other essential missions and would not be available for emfrgency movement of MBFR-withdrawn forces from the U.S. to Europe.
Strategic air transport is so overburdened that the U.S. cannot now m eet its NATO commitment to have six extra divisions (in addition to the four-plus divisions algeady in place) in Europe ten days after the beginning of mobilization Soviet forces could be easily reintroduced over a well-developed A further consideration i s that U.S. forces returned from Europe risk deactivation by a Congress that would otherwise be required to fund the facilities and additional unit equipment necessary to maintain. them in the U.S.
If there is a single, overriding reason why an MBFR agreem ent in any currently envisaged form is not in NATO's interest, it is because it would constrain the U.S. ability to come to NATO's aid reason is the potential political obstacles to mobilization and reinforcement that probably would be erected by West Eur o pean politicians unwilling to believe ambiguous warning indicators and risk provocative acts by abrogating an MBFR treaty. In an increasingly tense international situation, politicians will more likely be attuned to the political consequences of their act s than the requirements for military preparedness. And an agreement which attempts to account for manpower is unlikely to provide the unambiguous warning that would give West European leaders the confidence to take defensive measures Another 11. While this dilemma is true for manpower, it would be eveh more difficult by several orders of magnitude to move equipment back to Europe; henc'e the U.S.'s insistence on the right to store equipment in the reductions area 12. Caspar W. Weinberger, Annual Rebort to t he Conpress. FY 1986 (Washington, D.C U.S.
Government Printing Office, 1985 p. 224 7 I Mamower Reductions Undermine NATO's Fokward Defense CaDabilitv Although it is commonly accepted that reduction in the level of forces facing one another across the intra-German border is a desirable arms control soal. this fundamentally misconstrues the real threat to stability in Europe. It is not the mire presence of the forces which is destabilizing, but rather the nature'of those forces.
The heavily offensive orientation of Warsaw Pact forces coupled with substantial numerical superiority and an on-going modernization effort of massive proportions are the major sources of instability.
Reductions of forces could have the unintended effect of actually increasing instability if they prompt the Warsaw Pact to fee l that NATO's military vigilance has relaxed. NATO's capability for defense today is at its absolute minimum. More than token reductions would seriously damage NATO's capability to withstand a Warsaw Pact attack.
The ability of NATO to maintain elastic defense depends, among other factors, on having sufficient front-line forces and operational reserves.
Forces Central Europe (AFCENT) is approximately 450 miles long.
Although the force-to-space requirement can'vary widely with terrain quality of equipment , training and leadership, currently, a U.S. heavy division is expected to hold 15 miles of the front line standard would require a minimum of 30 NATO divisions to defend the 450 mile front. Current NATO doctrine calls for another 15,divisions in operatio n al beserve to halt penetrations and mount counterattacks. However, NATO currently has only 26 total divisions (including the three Frenchl,divisions in West Germany) and nine separate brigades and regiments NATO is deficient in both. The defensive front o f Allied This Many critics cite the shortage of operational reserves as NATO's Operational reserves are particularly important greatest deficiency to NATO because of the lack of operational depth and the resulting inability to trade space for time.
Mamower Ceilinas are Unverifiable The ability to verify treaty.provisions; remains a critical part Not only must NATO verify that agreed levels of reductions of any arms control agreement and is essential in determining the acceptability of any agreement to West e rn governments and their publics are being taken, it,must also insure that agreed residual levels after 13. William P. Mako, U.S. G round Forces and the Defense of Central Eurobe '(Washington D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1983 p 39. I 14. John M. Colli n s, U.S Soviet Militarv Balance. 1980 -1985 (Washington, D.C Pergamon-Brassey's, 1983, p. 127 areductions are not exceeded. The proposed MBFR compliance standards of 700,000 ground forces and 900,000 combined air and ground forces however, are too large an d nebulous to be verified with confidence and timeliness. This critical flaw undermines any deterrent to Soviet cheating. The U.S. intelligence community consistently has maintained that manpower is the most difficult standard to monitor for arms control v i olations and, 'in fact, argued strenuously against adoption of the manpower standard in the-early-1970s levels can be adequately verified and how comprehensive set of verification measures which, if adopted, should increase monitoring capability substanti a lly, but it is unlikely that the Warsaw Pact would agree to such intrusive measures There is major disagreement over whether MBFR's proposed manpower NATO has proposed a The dispute over MBFR verifiability is not likely to be Eesolved in the near future. It seems clear, however, that currently no one can confidently make a case that an MBFR agreement based on manpower will ever be verifiable.
CONVENTIONAL ARMS CONTROL AND 'NATO's SECURITY The inherent flaws in the MBFR mandate and the current impasse in th e negotiations should persuade NATO to disengage from these non-productive talks. The Warsaw Pact's June 11, 1986, "Budapest Appeal" provides the opportunity. This proposal by Warsaw Pact heads of state.signals Soviet bloc dissatisfaction with the MBFR ta l ks. The appeal offered to expand the reductions zone to all of Europe, "from the Atlantic to the Urals." Furthermore, the Warsaw Pact expressed its willingness to conduct new negotiations 1) in an entirely new forum 2) in an expanded MBFR forum, or 3) wit hin the context of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE).
A new forum is not the whole answer, however. In light of the Warsaw Pact's indisputable superiority in conventional forces and the Kremlin's clear geostrategic advantage, arms control is unlikely to redress the currently adverse conventional imbalance. This is particularly so in light of Soviet refusal to acknowledge that an imbalance exists. Unless NATO is prepared to make a substantially greater commitment to the conventiona l leg of its defenses, the Warsaw Pact undoubtedly will continue to maintain its current advantage and perhaps even improve it.
Nevertheless, a new forum offers the opportunity to redress weaknesses inherent in the MBFR mandate--the focus on manpower as th e unit of account, the too-limited area of application, and the Western lack of leverage to effect needed Warsaw Pact reductions 9- Em~lov an Effective Unit of Account Manpower is the wrong unit of account if the purpose of the negotiation is to establish a just and equitable balance of forces.
Attention instead should be directed at the most destabilizing elements in the conventional balance-those forces designed for offensive purposes. These include the forward-deployed Soviet tank armies in Eastern Euro pe, engineer bridging units, airborne forces and other special operations forces, attack helicopter units, and bomber and ground attack aircraft. Nuclear and chemical equipped units also fall into this category. The most threatening Soviet forces are the s even tank and seven motorized rifle divisions and their 6,500 main battle tanks located close to the intra-German border. This force can launch a short-notice, unreinforced attack which could achieve some limited territoKia1 gains before NATO forces even c ould deploy from their casernes Two alternative approaches to controlling these destabilizing forces are 1) reduction and limitation of specific structural elements which are identified as being primarily offensive in nature and 2) reduction and limitatio n of specific armaments the objective would be to limit the capability of military forces in Central Europe to conduct offensive missions its structure would have to be changed in a way that makes it infeasible for it to mount an attack seek to restructure or realign the forces immediately facing one another in Europe into a defensive posture. This would reduce the potential for an unreinforced attack and for intimidation of the political process. Monitoring this type of agreement would be relatively simple , requiring only that units of a prohibited type not be within specified zones. It also would require, however, an exchange of information on the structure and unit equipment of the opposing forces, and monitoringl,would have to ensure that the nature of t h ose forces did not change In both cases To restrict a unit's capability to conduct offensive operations In short, this approach would A similar approach to the same goal lies in focusing reductions and limitations on armaments or major items of equipment, rather than on manpower or force structure 88. Establishing armaments as the unit of account would have several benefits: 1) they are a substantially better measure of combat power than manpower; 2) they 15. Anthony H. Cordesman, "The NATO Central Region a nd the Balance of Uncertainty Armed Forces Jou rnal International, July 1983, pp. 40-41 16. John G. Keliher, The Negotiations on Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions: The Search for Arms Control in Cent ral Eurobe (New York: Pergamon Press, 1980), pp. 157 - 158, 161 are more easily monitored than manpower: 3) the focus on armaments would effectively bypass the manpower data issues (although it might be supplanted by a data issue of its own and 4) armament reductions would translate directly into reductions o f offensive capability in classifying and equating the many different systems, 2) the likelihood that the rapid pace of.techno3;ogy'would make many of the systems obsolete and perhaps replace them with systems not covered in an agreement, and 3) the likeli h ood that such an approach would adverselg affect both sides' modernization and restructuring options Potential drawbacks to this approach include: 1) the difficulty Because the Warsaw Pact superiority over NATO in virtually every class of conventional wea pons and, increasingly, for the class of short-range nuclear weapons is greater than it is for manpower changing the unit of account would appear to be a desirable option.
However, it would require a substantially new mindset and the painful breaking with current bureaucratic inertia should be restricted to offensive forces. No.treaty should restrict either side's ability to defend itself from attack substantial capability for self-defense is no cause for alarm as long as it is not accompanied by a capabil i ty for significant offensive use. .Because of the multifaceted capabilities of modern weapons, such a distinction may prove difficult making To the extent possible, forces reduced or limited in this way Thus a But it is a distinction worth Fmand the Area o f Amlication Completely excluded from the MBFR reductions area is any part of the Soviet Union, thereby making the USSR a convenient sanctuary from the provisions of any MBFR agreement and sharply accentuating the geostrategic asymmetry between NATO and t h e Warsaw Pact. Also excluded from the area are Hungary and France. Hungary was excluded after Soviet demands that Italy be included on the Western side as a mid pro mo. France has refused to play any role in MBFR On April 18, 1986, Soviet General Secretar y Mikhail Gorbachev inexplicably called for a new East-West negotiation to reduce the size of conventional and tactical nuclear forces in Europe. He specified the area as Ilfrom the Atlantic to the Ural mountain The Warsaw Pact formally accepted this propo s al at a meeting of heads of state in Budapest on June 11, 1986 17. Ibid, p. 157 1 I. i 11 - The exact motivation for the Soviets' sudden willingness to include the European USSR is not known, but NATO should seize this opportunity to rectify a serious fla w in the original MBFR mandate.
The Warsaw Pact did not specify a precise forum, leaving open the options of an expanded MBFR forum, a forum under the umbrella of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in.Europe.(CSCE)- or an entirely new forum. Althou gh the Soviets, as well as a number of NATO'members have leaned toward linking the proposed new negotiations with the 35-nation CSCE, there are strong arguments against this solution. The presence of the neutral and non-aligned nations in CSCE has signifi c antly complicated efforts to maintain alliance unity, and they have sometimes pursued their own national agendas apart from the security considerations under discussion. Member nations also operate independently in CSCE rather than as members of a bloc as in MBFR.
This creates ample opportunity for Soviet wedge-driving and is detrimental to NATO solidarity. Finally, CSCE requires periodic review conferences which have placed artificial time constraints on the need for progress 1986 conclusion of the Conference on C o nfidence- and Security-Building Measures and Disarmament in Europe (CDE which operates under the auspices of CSCE 1 This was particularly evident in the November Regardless of the exact forum, however it is highly desirable that NATO approve an expansion of the area for conventional arms control to include the European territory and forces of the two alliances.
ExDand the Focus of the MBFR Forum The focus.of MBFR has been too narrow. It has concentrated on conventional forces (and predominantly manpower, a t that) to the exclusion of other related security concerns. For example, a'whole new class of short-range nuclear systems is growing'up which is included in neither the negotiations on nuclear forces nor those on conventional forces. Negotiations continu e in Geneva on chemical weapons, seemingly unrelated to the negotiations on the general purpose forces which would employ them. Each area of potential warfare has its own bureaucracy and interest groups cross-feed of information occurs, as if a future war i n Europe would be limited to one or another of these types of warfare, but never all together. I Little Because the Geneva negotiations on nuclear and space weapons are bilateral negotiations dealing with the forces of the U.S. and USSR on a global basis, the immediate regional concerns of Europe often are not fully accommodated. To rationalize regional arms control talks in Europe, it may be advisable to enlarge the subject matter of MBFR along with the geographic area of application, to include more than just conventional forces. The most credible addition to the MBFR 12 -mandate would be ihe short-range nuclear forces which are not now specifically covered by an ongoing negotiation.
The Soviets are currently deploying short-range tactical ballistic missi le systems which will be used by general purpose forces and which can maintain the Soviet tactical nuclear capability even if an arms control agreement on Longer-Range Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces LRINF) limits .or eliminates SS-.4s and SS-20s West G e rman Defense Minister Manfred Woerner has warned of a potential new threat from the Warsaw Fact in the form of a massive Ilconventional fire-strike1! by conventionally armed missiles. The new tactical missiles being deployed by the Warsaw Fact can deliver conventional or chemical munitions, as well as nuclear warheads, in a devastating first strike of great accuracy and suddenness complex negotiation. Rather, it is to centralize discussion of regional concerns without artificial barriers. This could have t h e desired effect of focusing attention on the more comprehensive European security situation and enabling tradeoffs to occur between different types of capabilities I The goal is not to enlarge and further complicate an already Establish Effective But Rea l istic Verification Effective verification has been the bane of all arms control agreements to date. The U.S. generally has insisted on stringent verification measures which would require substantial administration and a high degree of intrusiveness. The S oviet Union in keeping with its tradition of secrecy, has consistently rejected this approach.
The verification requirements in the Westls December 1985 proposal, if examined closely, would require a massive bureaucratic apparatus structure or armaments, h owever, would simplify monitoring and enable verification to be achieved largely through National Technical Means and with existing military attaches reliably established the order of battle of Soviet bloc forces.
Associated Measures would be required to update the data base and resolve disputes, but their scope and intrusiveness could be reduced Changing the unit of account from manpower to either force These means already have Verification will not be an easy task, even under the best of circumstances. N ATO and the U.S. Congress must recognize that there is no such thing as absolute verification and strive to make she compliance standards unequivocal and meaningful. There will undoubtedly be disputes between the sides, and the role of the 18. Manfred Woe r ner A Missile Defense for NATO Europe Winter 1986 pp. 13-18 13 consultative commission proposed by NATO would.be to resolve these disputes, either through dialogue or by authorizing an inspection resolved. It then will be incumbent on NATO to determine if a violation of the treaty has occurred decision rather than a strict monitoring judgment, and it will depend in large part on explicit compliance'standards'which-'are'capable of being monitored with an acceptable level of confidence In some instances, how e ver, it is unlikely that they wi1l;be This will be a political CONCLUSION There is no military-security benefit from, continuing to pursue the MBFR negotiations in their current.form. From the outset of the negotiations it was clear that the geostrategic a symmetry would be disadvantageous for NATO in terms of restricting its ability to mobilize and reinforce to meet a Warsaw Pact threat. Manpower has proved an ineffective unit of account with the added disadvantage of being unverifiable. The Soviet advanta g e in virtually every aspect of the conventional balance has deprived NATO of negotiating leverage necessary to achieve an agreement on favorable terms, and the restricted area of application has made the USSR a sanctuary from treaty provisions. After thir teen years of negotiations, the trend of Western concessions is decidedly unnerving.
It is therefore time the U.S. exerted its leadership within the North Atlantic alliance to change the parameters for negotiating conventional force reductions. Elements of a new approach should include: structure, armaments, or a combination of both 1) establishment of a new unit of account-either offensive force 2) expansion 'of the area of application to include all of Europe 3) expansion of the focus of negotiations to i nclude short-range including the European USSR nuclear and chemical weapons, which are purely regional in character and 4) establishment of effective but realistic monitoring requirements 14 - Since the consider a new Soviets have arms control themselves i ndicated a willingness forum, the wav is clear to becrin to exploratory discussions this opportunity to refocus the discussion of European security in a more productive direction It would behoovi the U.S. and NiTO to seize Lt Cot. James Linam U.S. Air For ce Lt. Col. Linam wrote this study while serving as Air Force Fellow at The Heritage Foundation during 1985-19
86. He served previously as a Joint Staff representative on the U.S. delegation to the MBFR talks and is currently assigned to the Pentagon in the Air Force's Directorate of Plans.
The views expressed in this study are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. government 15 -


text:
"It's cute, it's short, it's Stephanie Plum"
If you liked the first 18 you'll probably like this. All your favorite characters are here, Stephanie is in all her usual messes, it will make you laugh. Lorelei King is wonderful. I love her voices. However, the entire book is just a few hours long and the story line is very simplistic. But then, we don't read these books for intellectual stimulation, do we? We read them for fun and this book is fun.
"The performance makes the book!"
There are many laugh out loud moments in the series and this latest installment does not disappoint from that standpoint. If you are seeking the answer to that ultimate question: Cupcake or Babe.. keep looking.
Lorelei King's performances of Lula and Grandma Mazur just can't be beat.
Janet Evanovich is great at leaving the reader wanting more. This series is not ready to end as the characters still have much to tell us. Ranger is becoming more accessible and Joe more tolerant. How can a girl choose?
"Notorious Nineteen"
I love this book for the humour and the characters plus I like the plot and the great love of food.
I like the the triangle love story with Stephanie.
No this is the first. But I do like the accents and variety of voices for the characters.
Get ready to laugh sit back and enjoy the movie.
This book lives up to the previous novels.
"Stephanie Dies Trying to Get Her Men"
Stephanie Plum, family, and friends are all the auditory version of Keystone Kops. The laughs never stop while Stephanie finds newer and more creative ways to bungle her Fugitive Apprehension Agent career.
Yet Stephanie always gets her man. Dead or Alive!
I'll have to admit that i missed the character of Joyce Barnhardt this time. Every book needs an antagonist and Joyce is #1 against Stephanie.
The continued progression of the relationships that Stephanie has with Ranger and Morelli. The author continues to do an exdellent job of maintaining the sexual tension that Stephanie has with each man. All the while she slowly pushes Stephanie toward what now seems her future. But who knows what the future will bring.
I love the consistentcy that Lorelei provides as the narrator. This is an obviously female-driven character role. Lorelei's narration provides the emotion and attitudes to Stephanie as well an emphasis in scenes that I would tend to overllok.
So much of the scenes are less WHAT is described than HOW it is described. Lorelei's narration adds that special attitude that Stephanie possesses. And her narration and voice inflections are amazingly consistent from book to book.
No extreme reaction. Just enjoyed another excellent book by Janet Evanovich. Six hours well spent and I look forward to the next adventure.
"Notorious Nineteen Does it Again"
I just love Stephanie and her on-going struggle of who to choose -- Morelli or Ranger!
"Another great story"
Lorelei brings all the characters to life like no other could ever accomplish.
"She is back!"
All the funny stuff that moves the story along. Even the "inside" jokes from previous books that have you giggling in anticipation.
Can't say, it would give stuff away
two tales
I like Janet's books. 17 and 18 should be read as one. She was losing her comic touch and in this book it just seemed that her writing was fresh again. Could be longer!
"Awesome! Well worth the wait!"
It is so funny! I will never get tired of the situations that Stephanie gets herself and others into.
Ranger! Just because he is so mysterious!
She is absolutely the best! Love to listen to her. Highly entertaining!
Yes, I wanted to but could not listen to it in one sitting!
Love it, Love it, Love it! Cannot wait for the next one!
"One Person's Opinion"
I love the Stephanie Plum books, but the reading by Lorelei King ruined the book for me.
Someone with a New Jersey accent reading the parts.
I think the routine Plum series has almost come to a stopping point. I'd like to see Stephanie get married and give up bounty hunting. She probably couldn't stop herself from solving mysteries she's likely to find.....which would be a secret from her husband who wouldn't stand for it. Of course, Lulu would still be her friend....couldn't have a book w/o her!
"Love the Stephanie Plum series"
I wait all year long for the nexr one to come out. I wish it was more than once a year!


text:
Fortitude Class 40 No 5 for sale
More than 45 boats were built of this first generation Class 40 design between 2005 and 2009, the Pogo 40 was born at the same time as the inception of the Class 40 itself and an example won the 2006 Route du Rhum. The boats are well built, strong and reliable. They have a proven track record on trans-Atlantic races, and inshore events as well as being suited to comfortable fast family cruising. 'Fortitude' comes fully equipped with a comprehensive inventory and ready to sail. Over the past few years and previous ownership there have been some sensible upgrades and replacements of equipment. These include new standing rigging in 2013 a new bowsprit in 2015 Maintenance of all safety and navigation equipment.
Dimensions: LOA 12.18 m (40' Ft) Beam 4.4 m (14.43'Ft) Draft 3.0 m (9.84'Ft) Category A Year built 2005 Located – Plymouth UK Builder: POGO STRUCTURES Naval architect: Finot/Conq Construction Hull: multiaxial glass roving Deck: sandwich / PVC foam core
Cabins: 1 forward + 2 aft cabins Sails:
Incidences, 2005, carbon, slab, glass batten – racing main.
Incidences, 2005, dacron, slab, glass batten – cruising main.
Incidences, 2006, carbon, jib with furler.
Incidences, 2005, dacron, storm jib.
Incidences, 2005, GPL LAM, code 0.
Incidences, 2005, nylon, 120m2 spinnaker.
Incidences, 2005, nylon, 180m2 spinnaker.
Incidences, 2005, nylon, 220m2 spinnaker. (With Snuffer)
Storm trysail, 2005, dacron.
Nappy bag (2012).
Kevlar, No 3 Jib, 2013 (Ultimate sails)
Spectra staysail 2014 (Elvstrom) Facnor furler on anti-torque stay
Fixed (removable) bowsprit (new 2015).
Z-Spars carbon two spreader mast (2005).
Z spars carbon boom
Sloop rigged.
Facnor furling headstay
Rod athwartship rigging. (2013)
PBO runners (2013).
Dyneema halyards (2013).
Dyneema sheets and lines (2010/11/13).
Reef webbing.
Facnor furlers
Deck hardware:
2 x Nautos 40 ST halyard winches.
2 x Nautos 48 ST primary winches.
1 x Nautos 40 ST secondary winch.
2 x Winch handles.
Antal jammer/clutches.
Harken hardware/blocks.
2 x Spinlock tiller extensions
Systems: Engine Volvo MD2030 Diesel 29bhp
Volvo Sail drive
Engine spares
Approx' 800 Hours running time
2 x Engine alternator
Solar panels
4 x 105AH batteries Total capacity of 420AH
1 x Engine start battery
Shore Power
Bilge Pumps: 1 x Electric,2 x Manual
Fuel total capacity of 60 litres 1 x tank.
Water total capacity of 40 litres.(removable)
Electronics: NKE system, 3 Displays outside NKE Autopilot (incl. remote control) Garmin VHF (with mobile hand set)
I Pad with waterproof case
B&G Zeus chart plotter
'Go Free' wireless network
2 x cockpit compasses
Speed, Depth, Wind
Interior: 2 x Double bunks in separate cabins
4 x Single bunks with lee cloths
1 x sink with manual fresh water pump to jerry can water tanks
1 x single burner gas cooker 1 x Manual Jabsco sea toilet QL warm air heating Lighting and ventilation to all cabins
Safety Equipment:
Horseshoe lifebuoy
6 man Life raft Expires 2018
Dan buoy
Boarding ladder
MOB ladder
Fire extinguisher
Fire blanket
Engine room fire extinguisher
1 x 16kg anchor
1 x Fortress FX-23 anchor
Chain and warp
6 x Mooring cleats, mooring warps.
6 x Fenders
Mainsail cover.
Halyard/rope bags in cockpit
Inflatable dinghy, oars, pump
Demountable yard cradle with new GRP splashes (2015)
Price €95,000.00 incl.VAT Inventory and description to be confirmed and subject to contract
P.O. Box 26
United Kingdom


text:
Oh La La Cheri Plus Size Demi Cup Babydoll with Matching G-String 2164X
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text:
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|October 20, 2010, 08:26 PM
Junior member
Join Date: January 28, 2009
Location: Colorado
Posts: 778
Marlin Guide Gun: .45-70 vs .44 Magnum
K, so they're both not technically "Guide Guns", as that title belongs to the .45-70, but you get my drift. Pluses/minuses to both? I know the .44 can hold 10 rounds, compared to the 4 in the .45-70. .44 mag is cheaper, easier to find, but .45-70 has a bigger punch. Thoughts?
|October 20, 2010, 08:36 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: September 12, 2008
Posts: 714
You might get more responses if you include what you plan to do with them. Each has advantages depending on what type of shooting you have in mind.
|October 20, 2010, 08:37 PM
Join Date: December 29, 2008
Posts: 31
I love the .44. I have xs ghost rings on it and couldn't be happier. it is short range weapon and a hell of a lot of fun. It also packs a good punch.
All that being said, I am buying the 45/70 bdl on January 1st. SIX shots, short barrel=heaven. I just love leverguns and I don't think you will be dissapointed with either.
I am betting you will eventually buy both. Both are reasonably priced. Good luck and good shooting.
|October 20, 2010, 09:00 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: February 15, 2009
Location: Kodiak, Alaska
Posts: 2,118
I have a Marlin 1895STP in .45/70. Limited edition run, only 501 made to my knowledge. It holds 5 in the tube and one in the snot hole. It is a weapon unequaled for bear defense.
Okay, so Wild West Guns' modified .45/70's are the top-tier bear defense guns out there, but my 1895STP comes in pretty close IMO.
However, if I happened upon a good deal on a .44 levergun, I would not hesitate to pick it up.
"To preserve liberty, it is essential that the whole body of the people always possess arms, and be taught alike, especially when young, how to use them." -Richard Henry Lee, Virginia delegate to the Continental Congress, initiator of the Declaration of Independence, and member of the first Senate, which passed the Bill of Rights.
|October 20, 2010, 09:09 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: December 3, 2002
Location: SW Michigan
Posts: 296
If you are looking for "tough animal" hunting at short range (read that as big hogs, bear, etc) then I'd vote for the .45-70 in the six shot config.
I just picked up a 1895 GBL (like the SBL but in blued metal and no rail) that the former owner had replaced the ladder sights with XS sights back on the receiver. Short, handy, great sight picture and lots of firepower. I've run light and thumper loads through it and it is manageable in all guises.
NRA Life Endowment Member
SAF Life Member
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Ultima Ratio Civis - the last method of a citizen
|October 20, 2010, 09:11 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: February 27, 2008
Location: midwest
Posts: 4,162
My 44 will launch 300gr bullets at over 1500fps. If I don't think that'll do the job I grab the 45/70.
rather be judged by 12 than carried by 6
|October 20, 2010, 09:20 PM
Junior member
Join Date: January 28, 2009
Location: Colorado
Posts: 778
As far as what I would do with it, I dunno... everything? We're looking to move to Colorado next year, so a backpacking/hiking defender, plus hunting elk and mule deer.
The advantage to a .44 is that I would also LOVE to get a .44 mag revolver, so that way I could keep ammo for both with me. BUT, I held a .45-70 round in my hand today - I can only imagine how much fun it would be to send down range.
|October 20, 2010, 09:25 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: February 27, 2008
Location: midwest
Posts: 4,162
So what your REALLY saying is "which one do I get first" LOL
rather be judged by 12 than carried by 6
|October 20, 2010, 09:48 PM
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Join Date: November 26, 2006
Posts: 1,161
45-70 unless its not legal to use for deer in your state. There are one or two states where you have to use pistol cartridges to hunt deer.
|October 20, 2010, 10:01 PM
Join Date: October 17, 2010
Location: Texas
Posts: 17
I've got the 45-70 1895GBL like the one pictured above. It holds 6 in the tube and it is an absolute blast to send those down range. I'm going to get into reloading so that I can run some thumpers without paying $5.00 a trigger pull to do it though.
|October 20, 2010, 10:21 PM
Junior member
Join Date: January 28, 2009
Location: Colorado
Posts: 778
I'm trying to avoid hand-loading at all costs. A guy in my wife's hometown died in an accident while hand-loading (blew up his garage). I don't know the details, he could have been doing something really stupid, but still, freaks me out.
So, should that dissuade me from the .45-70?
|October 20, 2010, 10:25 PM
Join Date: October 17, 2010
Location: Texas
Posts: 17
Absolutely not, there are tons of options out there for 45-70 as far as ammunition goes. The bad boys, ie Garrett, Buffalo Bore, tend to be expensive, but you can get much milder for pretty reasonable. I got mine for lots of reasons, the main one being this. If it walks on the surface of the earth, inside 200 yards, with the right cartridge, I can kill it with a 45-70.
Now, having made that statement, I fully expect the flames to start rolling in....
Firesuit is now in place.
|October 20, 2010, 10:29 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: November 25, 2006
Location: Indianapolis
Posts: 118
I own a .44 carbine, lever gun... but this...
This is a BEAUTIFUL gun!
I am very jealous...
|October 20, 2010, 10:51 PM
Join Date: October 17, 2010
Location: Texas
Posts: 17
They are a blast, literally, to shoot. Here's mine.
Since I can't find the albums & pics link I uploaded it as an attachment.
|October 20, 2010, 11:09 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: September 7, 2010
Location: Virginia
Posts: 333
If you are going to hunt then get a 45/70.
If you are want to plink and home defense then get a 44mag.
As far as reloading goes, If you don't smoke or reload by candle or fire light then shooting the rifle is a more dangerous activity. (this is based on being able to read and follow instructions)
Superman, you are a mean drunk
|October 21, 2010, 07:15 AM
Junior member
Join Date: January 27, 2008
Posts: 970
After all my dealings with the big bore levers from .44 Magnum to .450 Marlin (& .45-70, .444) I ended up with the .44 Magnum in this Winchester 1892:
Lever guns have the tradition of a tube magazine holding many repeat shots. They are traditionally open-sighted. The .44 Magnum is good enough to 100 yards on most game while the more powerful rounds can extend the practical range to 150 yards for responsible game shooting.
Beyond 150 yards you need the scope for sure on the more powerful rounds because they drop fast.
If you need a scope to get another 50 yards why not just pull out the bolt action in .30-06?
Up close the .44 Magnum rifle is very deadly even on large game. It is more of a "lever action" to me than the other choices.
|October 21, 2010, 07:19 AM
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Join Date: May 12, 2005
Location: Georgia, USA
Posts: 3,226
I decided on a 6 shot 1895G "Guide Gun" with a few additional custom modifications.
The History and Development of the M14 EBR
|October 21, 2010, 07:24 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: April 12, 2006
Location: NKY
Posts: 11,947
I agree, if its a hunting gun, 45-70 is the way to go. Keep in mind that the 45-70 has got some nifty ballistics to it and it tends to drop like a rock. Not that you can't make long shots with it, but you've got put some time in with the gun. 200 yards and in it's pretty straight forward. Outside of that range and it would be tough.
"He who laughs last, laughs dead." Homer Simpson
|October 21, 2010, 08:15 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: July 26, 2006
Location: Southern Minnesota
Posts: 9,333
love my 45-70...
I bought a 44 mag lever, but only to use as the base gun for a project ( 50 A.E. lever ) which has been completed for several years now... & is almost as much of a beast as my guide gun... love it
as far as my thoughts, I like rifle calibers in the rifles, unless it's just as a fun gun, then 357 mag would even be IMO better ( cheaper, less recoil, more available ammo, etc. ) than the 44... 30-30 would be my choice before 44 mag, if you didn't want to step up to the 45-70... ( & if don't handload, the 450 Marlin, which is basically a hot loaded 45-70 )... otherwise there are tons of other cool chamberings available as well...
my guide gun...
my custom 50 A.E.
In life you either make dust or eat dust...
|October 21, 2010, 08:25 AM
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Join Date: July 20, 2005
Location: Indiana
Posts: 10,170
The 45-70 will be the more versatile of the two. Mild, Trapdoor Springfield level 45-70's are pretty similar, ballistically to a .44 Magnum (300grn at 1300fps) but you can really get some impressive power from the top-end lever gun loads like Buffalo Bore, Double Tap, Grizzly, and Garrett. The main disadvantage to the 45-70 is the cost of ammo, it will usually run at least $30-40 per box (Winchester, Remington, and Federal) and as much as $60-100 per box for the more premium stuff (Buffalo Bore, Grizzly, Garrett). It is for this reason that most 45-70 shooters reload (this cartridge got me into reloading). If it helps allay your fears any, 45-70 is an extremely easy cartridge to load for: bullet and powder choices abound and the low pressure and lack of a bottleneck make the brass last a very, very long time.
This is not to say that the .44 Magnum is without its advantages. A .44 lever gun will have a shorter lever throw, making it quicker to cycle. Because of the shorter case, a .44 Magnum will also have a higher capacity for a similar sized gun. Some states only allow certain hunting with pistol-caliber rifles (45-70 is not a legal deer cartridge here in Indiana but .44 Magnum is). Factory .44 Magnum ammo is cheaper and somewhat easier to find (while just about any decent gunshop will have 45-70 ammo, don't expect to find it at Wal-Mart) and the .44 Magnum is also a very easy cartridge to reload.
Smith, and Wesson, and Me. -H. Callahan
Well waddaya know, one buwwet weft! -E. Fudd
All bad precedents begin as justifiable measures. -J. Caesar
|October 21, 2010, 08:33 AM
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Join Date: June 25, 2006
Location: The Keystone State
Posts: 1,288
add another "4" to that 44mag and get a Marlin 444. My number one big hog medicine.
Reload it and it's hard to beat.
"The Constitution is not an instrument for government to restrain the people, it is an instrument for the people to restrain the government, lest it come to dominate our lives and interests."
Patrick Henry, American Patriot
|October 21, 2010, 08:56 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: February 15, 2009
Location: Kodiak, Alaska
Posts: 2,118
The difference between the .45/70 and the .444 is minimal as far as ballistics go. Both are close enough that, realisticaly, one can say that neither is superior over the other ballistically. However, factory .45/70 ammo is a lot more available than .444 in most places.
"To preserve liberty, it is essential that the whole body of the people always possess arms, and be taught alike, especially when young, how to use them." -Richard Henry Lee, Virginia delegate to the Continental Congress, initiator of the Declaration of Independence, and member of the first Senate, which passed the Bill of Rights.
|October 21, 2010, 09:05 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: July 26, 2006
Location: Southern Minnesota
Posts: 9,333
back when I was a young man, I had a buddy that had a 444, I had a 45-70... neither of us reloaded... we pretty much shot the same, but it "seemed" back then, with no chrony, & similar rifles, that the 444 was hotter...
of course now that I reload, & can buy heavy gas checked bullets, I think the old 45-70 has the edge ( because of components & data ) over the 444, but still believe that with factory ammo, the 444 is probably hotter ( no trap door 444's out there )
In life you either make dust or eat dust...
|October 21, 2010, 09:17 AM
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Join Date: May 19, 2008
Location: Fayettenam
Posts: 1,086
Go for the 45-70 and if you don't reload, start. The 45-70 is a great cartridge to reload for you can load it down with Trail Boss and a 300 gr cast bullet so it shoots like a 45 colt or load it up with RL7 and 400gr cast to shoot close to a 458 magnum.
I love mine and sadly I don't hunt with it too much because I am a handgun hunter for the most part. But I have shot a few hogs and Deer with it. My Guide gun is one of the older ones with the ports. Its one of my favorite guns. I put the happy trigger in it from WWG and it was a new rifle. Well worth the money.
If recoil is an issue look for a used older Winchester or Marlin 30-30 and get it cut down to 16". They make a handy woods gun and will out perform a 44 mag. This is especially true if you are not going to reload for it.
As far as the 444 and 45-70 with factory ammo, I too think the 444 hits harder.
MWM, I cannot believe you have those pointy rubber tipped bullets in your stock ammo holder. I would think you would have had some big nasty WFN 540gr cast smashers.
The two most abundant elements in the universe are hydrogen and stupidity.
|October 21, 2010, 09:44 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: July 26, 2006
Location: Southern Minnesota
Posts: 9,333
SAM... that was pretty early on... they are now stuffed with cases full of gobs of powder & these bullets...
In life you either make dust or eat dust...
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Java Draw Created Apr 06, 2010 338 x 470px Unless noted Copyright 2010 SPIDER 08.
We encourage you to submit a comment and let the artist know what you think of this drawing. Please log in or join to post a comment.
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PS... i still like it spidey *LOL* yes we have no banana's
*LOL* dancing with fruit on your head is one thing.. but... inquiry mnds want to know why women should have a waist only as big as there necks... *LOL*
Great draw Cheryl, pretty dancer. 5♥s
awesome dancer!she looks great!
I wonder who the very first person was who thought "I know ... we should sing and dance with fruit on our heads!" Cool draw, Cheryl :) 5 ♥s
Nice draw!
Lovely painting Cheryl.,5♥s,LOL @ Vinny,,
wow spidey it looks like shes really movin'~~
wow spidey...magic draw..5/5.do you mind if I nick one of her nanas..(:O)
She reminds me Carmem Miranda!!!! Great one!


text:
Get 'Em Drunk with Jungle Juice
The goal of throwing a party is to ensure that guests enjoy themselves. It's equally important to impress attendees with your hospitality and cleverness. When it comes to alcohol, men all too often assume that the way to please a crowd is to shell out hundreds of bucks on bottles of top-shelf liquors, on kegs or cases of craft beers, and even on a decent wine selection. While context matters — sometimes a classy party calls for high-brow booze — most of the time all you need to do to impress your guests is get them wasted.
The best method for achieving this is jungle juice. If it's been a while since you've been around such a concoction or if you've never made a batch of it, follow this guide to get it right.
Why Jungle Juice is Awesome
- It's cheap. You don't have to buy Skyy, Beefeater, or anything of the sort to make a good batch of jungle juice. In fact, cheap liquor is more appropriate for such a beverage. However, it's recommended that you use decent fruit juices and fresh fruit, although Kool-Aid is popular with some crowds.
- It's easy. It's nearly impossible to screw up jungle juice. Part of it's charm is that, like a mad scientist, you can just mix together whatever you want without measuring ingredients and still end up with something delicious. You can add more liquor or juice on the fly over the course of the night to ensure that the bowl never goes empty.
- It's a crowd pleaser. Who doesn't like a sweet, fruity, alcohol-infused beverage served from a large, tacky bowl into cheap plastic cups? While your bros probably don't get down with pina coladas, they'll dig jungle juice. And women absolutely love it.
- It gets everybody sloshed. Even with huge amounts of various types of alcohol in the mix, it's hard to taste the booze. As a result, people tend to drink it much more quickly than they would a normal cocktail, glass of wine, or a beer even though it's way boozier. Your buddies will be pleasantly buzzed, and the ladies will get drunk quickly.
- It's fun. If you're in college, it goes without saying that parties featuring jungle juice are popular. If you're older, it provides party goers with fond memories of their past partying.
How to Make Jungle Juice
Having a recipe for jungle juice is essentially a contradiction, so here just a few general guidelines:
- Mix in various hard liquors. Rum, gin, vodka, whiskey, Everclear, SoCo, 151 — it doesn't matter. Pour it all in. No need to measure. If it's not spiked enough, dump in more as the night progresses.
- Mix in a variety of fruit juices. Whatever you can get: orange, apple, grape, apple, pineapple, grapefruit, cranberry — whatever you like. It's recommended that you use high-quality, natural fruit juices, but it's not essential. As noted above, using Kool-Aid is an alternative.
- Chop up various fruits and toss it in. Pieces of pineapple, lemons, oranges, apples, and other fruits add more delicious natural fruit flavor to the concoction. Frozen fruit is also a nice option.
- A decent amount of ice. Jungle juice is best served cold, and if the alcohol you add is room temperature, then the batch won't be as chilled as it should be. Add a good amount of ice, but not too much — you don't want to water down the liquor or the fruit flavor.
- Mix everything in a large container, and serve out of it or out of a tacky bowl. If you use a garbage can or large bucket, be sure that it's brand new and store-bought. The mixing and/or serving container allows for a great deal of creativity.
Again, over the course of the party you can frequently taste-test it and get your guests' recommendations as well. Add booze and ingredients as needed. One final note: there are variations of jungle juice that are worth considering. You can ask each guest to bring an ingredient, which can be fun. Also, it's common to mix frozen fruit juice concentrate with Everclear in a large container and do it that way. Regardless of the recipe, method, or serving container, prepare yourself for a good time and a drunk crowd.