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Is Enduro the One?
Mar 26, 2013 at 0:09
Mar 26, 2013
Mitchell Scott
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Enduro is taking the world by storm. At least, that's what it looks like. With an ever-growing schedule of events, the emergence of enduro-specific athletes and increasing media exposure, one might easily surmise that enduro is mountain bike racing's Next Big Thing.
The question I'm interested in is, will it? Be mountain bike racing's Next Big Thing that is. To start the conversation, let's cast enduro against the sport's two big staple disciplines, cross-country and downhill.
Cross-country is a big deal. It's in the Olympics. Riders at the top of the discipline are world-class athletes, as in, they're some of the fittest people on the planet. There's a UCI World Cup series, there's a UCI World Championship event, there's TV coverage, and big non-endemic sponsors like multinational car companies and food conglomerates. It's pretty serious stuff.
Jump to the other side of the spectrum. Downhill. Again, huge sport. No Olympics surprisingly, but a robust World Cup circuit and World Championship event, big sponsors, some TV coverage with top athletes bringing home significant dollars - easily well into the six figure range. Pretty serious stuff.
As a result, both XC and DH see millions of dollars when it comes to research and development from bike and component manufacturers. Sponsorship and tech support also sees huge investment. Consider the cost of team trucks, mechanical support and travel to events that now span the globe. Mega millions. Yes, bike racing is a big, expensive deal.
And now you've got the emergence of enduro. That super fun grassroots mountain bike discipline that's been hiding in the shadows for many years, void of any clear definition or structure - to the layman anyway. Is it a three day event or one race? Is it the Megavalanche or the Trans Provence? And what the hell is Super D? No, it's not a new sport at all, especially where the Italians and the French are concerned. In fact, the idea of enduro, of going up and then down with a smattering of across, has been around for years. It's just that now, after so many years off away in the mountains, it finally seems to be taking steps towards the big league.
There are a number of factors pointing in this direction. The announcement of the Enduro World Series is probably the most notable—what amounts to an amalgam of seven premiere events from already established enduro races around the world. As noted in the press release: "The Enduro World Series links the largest mountain bike enduro events in the world with the best trails possible and exists to deliver the best racing, most relaxed atmosphere and rider-focused organization possible."
As legendary riders like Fabien Barel and Nicolas Vouliouz begin to participate more in enduro events, in just a few short years (really, the last two), the discipline has developed some international cachet. No longer is it reserved to grassroots-ish, everybody-camp-in-the-field-and-party community-oriented events with a few local shredders with bike deals and free jerseys. No, today most bike companies have an enduro team (granted, enduro athlete salaries pale to their XC and DH brethren) and enduro bikes. Most events now have title sponsors (rarely non-endemics) but bigger bike industry brands like Santa Cruz, Mavic and Sram have definitely invested in the discipline.
But now, as it grows and becomes more legit, and, most importantly, as that all important cash cow behind the sport builds from more and more people actually buying enduro bikes, what does the discipline look like in the next few years? Let's face it, interest in XC racing is waning, and while interest in DH is on the up tick, it's still a fairly exclusive discipline: it requires a big bike and a lift pass or a mom and a truck.
Not to mention, enduro brings all the elements of mountain biking under one roof: sick bikes, the world's best trails, with a holistic prerequisite of XC fitness and DH full throttle skill. Begs the question, could enduro one day eclipse both disciplines? Could top riders from XC and DH jump ship onto the new bandwagon?
"The main problem of enduro racing is how to get exposure without changing the format," says Fred Glo, a long time enduro race organizer. "Filming an enduro is a big deal, but change the rules just because we would like to get exposure, this will be the wrong direction to take for sure. Enduro racing's roots are races by and for riders."
But as we all know, the pressures of big business have a way of taking the fun out of stuff. And the enduro discipline seems rife for exploitation. While the purist format sees riders in the saddle for five to seven hours a day for up to two days, we all know that a 20 minute enduro course, filled with sprint climbs, flowy XC and tech sections could make for very entertaining viewing.
According to Enrico Guala, however, one of the founders of the World Enduro Series, we don't have too much to worry about."In five years enduro will be 'just' another discipline like XC or DH," he says. "Probably the access door to mountain bike racing for many newcomers and beginner, thanks to the accessible format."
Perhaps so, but as more ex-pros jump ship, and as a new crop of young racers chooses enduro rather than XC or DH (apparently in France this is the trend for young riders), things might start to change. Even today, the sport is wide open, with no definitive enduro champion. You have your cadre of shredders: Clementz, Lau, Stock, Vouilloz, Dan Atherton, Remy Absalon, Davide Sottocornola and Curtis Keene, but there's no dominant force. Once the EWS crowns a champion, however, things in enduro might start to move quick.
This will come with the sport's refinement. And I can't help but wonder (and would definitely like to see) who would win a quintessential enduro race with the likes of Minnaar or Steve Smith and Nino Schurter. Who would win? The downhiller, the XC rider or the enduro specialist? Interestingly enough, we'll get to see how things shake down in a little under two months as both Minaar and Peaty are racing the first EWS in Punta Ala, as well as Vouilloz, Atherton, Clementz, Absalon, and Barel.
According to Guala, however the day of the enduro specialist is upon us. "Until a couple of years ago a good XC'er could play his cards on physical course and a downhiller on a more technical one. But now the specialists of enduro are difficult to beat, even for the top XC or DH athletes. An enduro race is a different game, there is more than just pedaling performance or riding skills, you need to be complete, you need to care about your equipment, you need to manage your concentration and being focused for six hours, live and adapt to a climate change, be able to "read" different terrain with the same equipment. There are way more elements to take into consideration."
In the end, it's an interesting problem for those involved with the promotion and regulation of enduro racing. You obviously want success and you want growth. Sponsorship dollars make everyone happy. Athlete contracts and prize money on par with other disciplines will undoubtedly attract a large pool of up and coming racers. Lets face it, enduro is the closest semblance to pure mountain biking out there. It's what we all want to do—to race that style can only be attractive. More talent, equals more exposure, which adds to more pressure on organizers. And while the UCI seems to have missed the boat by pulling out of a proposed UCI-backed Enduro World Series, if enduro takes off, it might not be long before they're trying to gain control of the discipline.
Regardless of what happens down the road, however, it's a fascinating time for a discipline that's finally beginning to see its day, whose ultimate trickledown—awesome, super versatile bikes that can do it all, and wicked-fun grassroots events riding on our favorite trails—are doing the sport of mountain biking some serious good. No doubt, that will never change. Needless to say though, enduro's future will be very interesting to watch. Make sure to stay tuned.
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142 Comments
Who Faved
+ 58
(Mar 26, 2013 at 5:06)
I personally think that this defines mountain biking. As a kid and now as an adult the only reason I ride up hill is to come down as quick as my skills and fitness allow. That is 'Enduro', a sport born from a natural Sunday riding style that everyone has already participated in on some level with their friends
+ 13
(Mar 26, 2013 at 6:15)
I wish I could prop Evo360, 360 times! He's right! What makes it grass roots is that we all do it, all the time. The only difference is that an Enduro race is timed so that you can compare, contrast and have a bit of banter with your mates you're riding with. It doesn't necessitate a hugely expensive bike or equipment because at the end of the day the main winning margin is rider skill. A £500 hard tail on 120mm forks has every chance of beating a full blown £2k carbon Enduro specific rig because, over the course of 5 stages the rider of the £500 rig has plenty of opportunity to demonstrate their skill above the "all the gear, but no idea" big bucks rider. This is what makes it "grass roots" and accessible to so many people. To put it into football (soccer) terms, I could be wearing the very latest in football boot technology but over the course of 90mins, somebody with the skill of Messi is going to play me off the park in just his socks.
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 9:21)
... unless they are on a 29er...
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 13:37)
I'll agree. Enduro=best thing since sliced bread!!! Raced my first ever uk gravity enduro on Sunday and came 5th. Propper chuffed and makes me want to get out and train harder to improve!!!
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 17:49)
Old-Man-Eggy - that first part sounds like Strava! hahahaha
all kidding aside (haven't used Strava anyway), I wanted to comment here because you and Graeme make interesting points. It will be fun to see if privateers can compete against the big bucks rider. Although, typically speaking, the advantage the big bucks rider has is time. Time to practice and ride full time. Whereas a privateer won't have that same luxury. Sure at the upper levels, privateers are likely able to commit to the time for training. But for the most part a privateer would also have day jobs to divide their time.
I've not paid much attention to Enduro except for where Atherton is involved (because of their web shows), but is there a mix of wheel sizes in Enduro racing? Wheel marketers are going to have a love/hate relationship with EWS. If the 26ers are consistently winning, they're going to lose some ground on selling the bigger wheels. on the flipside, if the bigger wheels are getting consistent wins, then its going to boost sales. I'm not trying to start a debate or anything, just noting that it will post an interesting situation in terms of product offerings.
+ 43
(Mar 26, 2013 at 3:59)
Totally agree with this article: Enduro needs defining - properly and on paper with a rulebook.
Sounds boring, but without this its meaningless, ambiguous and will never be a "big deal" - i.e. TV coverage, proper sponsorship etc
+ 13
(Mar 26, 2013 at 4:19)
here ya go
also food for thought.. how would a live stream of an enduro race work? on TV if it makes it?
just some DH sections or what?
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 4:32)
That's the rule book for that race series. It doesn't define "Enduro".
I appreciate the link though.
As much as it pains me to say it, you need a governing body to write the rulebook to make it clear for all series.
Something like the UCI...
+ 11
(Mar 26, 2013 at 4:50)
Mandatory pov live feed cameras haha. Or with sponsorship, follow the day like tour dr France. And instead of helicopters use those quad rc helis. I think people put too much thought into getting something recorded. Hell, hire 10 camera and put them at certain points on the trail. I think I could do this.. Hmmm
+ 21
(Mar 26, 2013 at 4:54)
^^ Good ideas. And GPS on the Pros so you can see their splits and where they are in relation to each other.
+ 6
(Mar 26, 2013 at 5:39)
i'd volunteer as cameraman!! or rider, either one
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 5:46)
As an owner of a quadcopter (actually 8 rotors) whilst it would be cheaper than a heli they are no good for live stuff as they dont have the flight times. They have been used on skiing but there were two helis and a backup team swapping the batteries on oe whilst the other was flying.
+ 5
(Mar 26, 2013 at 5:48)
UCI is just a governing body for...a race series. It's no different from EWS except in size. EWS more or less defines what Enduro is. The problem is, it's not just a flat course meant for a certain watts per hour, nor is a downhill course of a given length. Each event will have a slightly different feels. I think that keeps riders are on their toes and it keeps things even between money brackets. If you have an Enduro in your back yard, and you've ridden those trails all your life, you may do better than the Pro who only rode the course in practice.
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 7:19)
Also getting the camera gear out to some of the longer ride areas / available power would be a challenge.
+ 12
(Mar 26, 2013 at 8:02)
goonrider- Since the climbing sections are not timed, it'd make sense to only show a few DH sections. Also... KEEP THE UCI OUT OF ENDURO. lolz
+ 0
(Mar 26, 2013 at 8:32)
Stop it ! You`re ruin it already !
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 12:33)
would be awesome if some enduro wc riders joined a few DH and XC races, just to see how fast they are against downhillers and 29ers
+ 4
(Mar 26, 2013 at 18:09)
enduro/XC is the one for me but if people like riding DH or Dirt jumping that's cool we are all pissing in the same pot and come from similar disciplines of MTB Ride On....
+ 0
(Mar 26, 2013 at 22:05)
Using mandatory pov live feed cameras is worth discussing. What I believe:
it wouldn't even be that hard to put gopros on live feed mode on every rider and attach the wifi backpacks. You could toss a nice satellite internet usb sized chip in with the gopro and you like 50 choosable angles for an event - that's probably better than the tour de france!
(If there were interference issues, it probably wouldn't be out of the question to just plop somebody down every 400ft or so with a high powered satellite connection to upload the live footage.) You'd basically just need to carry 100 laptops into the woods - again less than the massive amounts of cars following the tour.
Any thoughts?
+ 2
(Mar 27, 2013 at 10:09)
^ Sounds like you've never had experience putting on an event, haha. It's a great idea but hardly feasible.
+ 1
(Mar 27, 2013 at 15:08)
GoPro footage is good for short edited-in sections, but it hardly makes for interesting viewing on the whole
+ 22
(Mar 26, 2013 at 0:35)
please don't let the UCI ruin this
+ 6
(Mar 26, 2013 at 1:35)
UCI may have a plan for 2014... I hope it doesn't take shape.
+ 1
(Apr 7, 2013 at 5:59)
misterhoang: with their latest clarification about the participation in non-UCI sanctioned events, looks like they might try to!
+ 13
(Mar 26, 2013 at 1:38)
Another excellent write up Matt.
Well done.
Might I suggest another kind of article for the next one.
Can you please have and interview with one of the organizers, or at least have an article of basic guidelines how to organize an Enduro event? A lot of us who don't have access to the big enduro events would like to try and organize a smaller local one.
+ 13
(Mar 26, 2013 at 1:56)
This one isn't me for a change, I just supplied the photos. Mitchell needs to take the the credit here.
+ 3
(Mar 26, 2013 at 1:58)
I saw and enduro article, and assume it was you, and didn't read who the author is.
Sorry Michael.
+ 4
(Mar 26, 2013 at 5:22)
who's Micheal?... Mitchell
- 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 5:23)
Bad writing.
+ 6
(Mar 26, 2013 at 7:52)
everyone makes mistakes
+ 10
(Mar 26, 2013 at 2:02)
I like the way this is going, but I am afraid that the stiffs will take over and ruin it with thier silly little blazers and rulebooks. For too long riding has been under the control of the UCI and they have sucked the life right out of it. I bought a new DH rig to race this year, but the format and cost has made it impossible for me. I just dont get the same buzz out of a strictly regulated 'go up then back down at the specified time' kind of racing that I used too. its far too constraining. one mistake and thats it over for you. If the organizers can keep the rule makers and killjoys away from Enduro then it looks like it will be a whole big heap of fun and will take the sport back to the public and away from the elitist snobs.
+ 12
(Mar 26, 2013 at 2:55)
'go up and then back down at a specified time' - sorry you can't follow basic instructions, you'll probably have a hard time with any sport if you can't follow its rules.
+ 7
(Mar 26, 2013 at 5:51)
"hey man what's the rush, I need to smoke this blunt" or "hey man, what's the rush? I need to fix my tire. Can you help?"
+ 0
(Mar 26, 2013 at 13:17)
ill help smoke your blunt but your alone on your flatty haha
+ 10
(Mar 26, 2013 at 0:38)
It may be "grassroots", but for some, grassroots doesn't even come close to the proper word. Here in Tucson, people are just barely getting into DH, with XC and roadies being the majority. Most have never heard of enduro, though it seems like the next logical step. I really hope it takes off and spreads to the masses, and I mean the masses. Not just top tier, factory backed, sponsored riders with a fat wallet. Keep grassroots, grassroots...
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 2:30)
a riding buddy from Alabama also saying the same thing. Alabama guys like XC & roadies..
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 8:49)
thats because there are no mountains down here. haha the closest thing we have to a mountain is about 5500'. i can only dream of riding enduro or DH.
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 9:21)
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 10:38)
Alabama guys, google Pisgah Enduro registration is open. It's in North Carolina.
+ 9
(Mar 26, 2013 at 5:07)
We love Enduro, is our sport, and we believe in its future, but at the same time, modifying it to attract TV audience and Olympiics status would corrupt it.
Enduro is the purest form of MTB. It needs to develop, but please, without altering the philosophy of it. As Cedric Gracia said "Enduro is climbing a mountain with friends and going down flat out" Keep it this way
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 8:22)
+ 10
(Mar 26, 2013 at 7:14)
If you think XC is loosing interest, you obviously aren't aware of the meteoric growth of high school XC racing in the USA thanks to NICA. Just because pinkbike is mostly focused on downhill doesn't mean everyone is.
+ 4
(Mar 26, 2013 at 12:02)
Same in the UK, XC racing certainly is NOT loosing interest. Me thinks whoever wrote this just likes to think XC is a dying sport.
+ 2
(Mar 27, 2013 at 2:48)
Same here. Especially XC marathons are extremely popular in Poland with literally thousands of participants at each of the biggest races and hundreds of racers being nothing special.
Of course enduro is growing too, there already are several series of events over here, but XC is still the most participated in mtb discipline where I live.
The author of the article has made a statement unbacked by any facts or data whatsoever and I agree with bennett346: he seems to WISH for XC to be losing popularity instead of KNOWING it does.
+ 9
(Mar 26, 2013 at 3:51)
I think enduro is going to be bigger than both XC and DH. This is because its a compromise that almost everyone can try. I think a lot of people look at DH and think ' thats a bit big and scary for me ' and then look at XC and think ' Im not fit enough for that stuff and the riding looks a little tame for my liking ' . Please done mess this up UCI
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 5:07)
This is why I see it being successful, I want to start racing after my fitness comes back and enduro ticks every box for me. With the trail centres we have I can't see it burning out over here, just hope it gets the coverage it needs to support new riders.
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 18:44)
You hit the nail on the head for me there iridemega; that's certainly what I feel anyway!
+ 6
(Mar 26, 2013 at 0:45)
Things evolve, its simple, if riders enter then events grow, if events are over subscribed then you will get more events, all disciplines will grow as more riders take up mtb, but its venue dependent, so long as there are venues for all sorts of mtb then things will grow, 4X is a victim of lack of local venues/organisers, other wise this would be up there too. XC is massive now, bigger than ever because you can setup a course with minimum disruption and all over the place so allows more events. Enduro is slightly harder to sort as its like DH and needs hills and space but pretty sure its here to stay, its basically what we've all been doing on a sunday with a prize at the end. oh and you have to pay to do it!!
+ 5
(Mar 26, 2013 at 10:59)
Enduro is the one! In my opinion, it is Mountain Biking at its purest. I have never been a fan of downhill racing because those guys get trucked up to the top. If your not going to pedal go race dirt bikes. Mountain biking is all about the endurance to get to the top of a mountain as well as the skills necessary to descend. I noticed this sport gaining momentum a couple years ago but never could have imagined the growth I have seen. Here is southern California there are dozens of leagues offering enduro races year round, bikes are being made specifically for the sport. I could not be happier. Enduro! Enduro! Enduro! Santa Cruz Nomad!
+ 4
(Mar 26, 2013 at 10:24)
I don't care what UCI does or if millions pour into the sport for ten riders at the top of the game. For the first time in a long time, racing is following how most people ride their bikes, ride up slow (compared to some converted roadie watching his heart rate the whole way) and haul ass down.
The so called "average" rider can relate less and less to XC racing or DH. The skill set is too specialized and the bar too high to "get in". We are a long ways from the time when anyone with a mountain bike might take a swing at one or two XC races just for the hell of it each year.
Bring on lots and lots of local Enduro events, regional events and nationals. I just want races I can get to in less than eight hours. I do agree that the bikes are some of the sickest on the planet.
+ 4
(Mar 26, 2013 at 8:40)
i agree Enduro is nothing new, when i was younger me and my friends couldn't afford DH bikes but were downhill riders at heart, we all had mid level hardtails and would ride to the local trails we would ride the XC trail up and at the top would always take the black DH run instead of the easy XC designated down trail. i think its the most real reflection of most peoples riding styles and it can only get bigger now its getting attention.
+ 4
(Mar 26, 2013 at 8:53)
Has anyone taken into consideration the recent Uci ruling about grassroots racing, the new enduro series, the new Urban DH series, and the ability of the top DH racers like Minnaar, Gracia, and Peaty to be able to race? If the UCI is restricting registered Pros from entering a grassroots event, and the EWS and UDHWS is not backed by UCI, then what does that mean for top riders of both XC and DH alike? Is the positive for the series'? Will it encourage the top teams to further back these smaller events for the growth of the sport, by 86'ing their world cup DH or XC teams for an all-around power team for enduro? Maybe top teams will opt to back out of the smaller events for the sake of keeping the status who with the UCI and Enduro will stay just that: grassroots.
Either way, f*ck the UCI. A governing body with a bunch of money grubbing couch potatoes telling us when, where, and how we can race our bikes is only hurting us more. I say ditch UCI all together, and start an entire separate entity. One by the riders for the riders. There is no reason why we can't have our own 'government' that gives us a larger DH schedule, incorporating both Mtn events and Urban events, that allows riders to enter grassroots events, race enduro, DH and XC, and provides proper TV and web coverage.
Props to EWS for stepping up the world of Mtn Biking to entire new level. Viva la Revolution!
+ 3
(Mar 26, 2013 at 5:57)
I have a slightly different hope for Enduro - that the rally-style format could re-energize mountain bike racing in the flatter/more suburban parts of the world as well. Take Ontario - there's not a mountain in sight but there's tons of fun, techy trails squirreled away in parks and county forest areas, often separated by subdivisions, farmland etc. where a big loop xc format doesn't fit, and the downhills are fun but too short to comprise a proper race. You could plot out a course through Oakville (a sprawling mass of subdivisions) that would be awesome, with road/path transition stages and a surprising variety of great trails. Just for instance.
+ 3
(Mar 26, 2013 at 2:31)
This is very different to the write up in the latest Revolution mag. Although i think Enduro Racing could be fun, it is a bit of a marketing stunt. Pretty soon everyone is going to be buying enduro group sets for over $1000 when they don't even ride Enduro. They just ride AM on the weekend with their friends, and like the idea of Enduro racing.
+ 7
(Mar 26, 2013 at 3:06)
Enduro is just all mountain racing. The bikes would work just as well doe ordinary AM as for race format. The top enduro bikes (Specialized Enduro, Lapierre Zesty etc.) aren't marketed as race bikes even though they can be raced.
+ 3
(Mar 26, 2013 at 4:30)
Ha you're right ... I suppose you could call it my Enduro bike (didn't realized it was Enduro until reading it here) did cost about 1000$ more than my XC bike. And I do a lot of what would be considered XC/AM with my Enduro bike. But I've tried both, and my Enduro is just so much more fun. I'll take the handicap on the climbs if I can go bawls out on the down and bounce and hop off everything that comes in my path!
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 5:36)
"Enduro" ... is not new. The idea to race all-mountain bikes is. I think it's great. It's accessible. It's the perfect grassroots event. I personally don't care if it's the next "big" thing.... I think it's a great way to get more folks involved in racing on bikes that they already have. For myself, Im excited to compete at the kind of riding I do the most of. Good 'ol rowdy mountain biking.
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 5:52)
I think what will be interesting will be carbon long travel hardtails for smooth courses with more pedaling...
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 6:35)
If you can win an "Enduro" on an HT, then its not an Enduro.
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 7:00)
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 10:20)
What is an Enduro Groupset? XX1?
People were running 1x9's way before Enduro racing.
I always had a reverse view of Enduro Racing: it was a race designed to use the bike you already had in your garage.
+ 1
(Mar 27, 2013 at 1:50)
Enduro is just a race format of the riding lots of people have been doing for years.
I just hope they don't ruin it by marketing it too aggessively, I really dig the idea (because that's what I've been doing for over ten years) but portraying it as the next big thing starts to annoy me.
+ 3
(Mar 26, 2013 at 9:16)
I see enduro as being good for both xc and dh racers that don't quite make it too far in either discipline. It's also good for the older crowd of dh guys that want to have fun an race, but have 9-5 jobs and a family to support (can't be racing balls out on Sunday and get hurt and show up to work Monday with a cast). It'll Definately get bigger as it grows an changes into its own discipline.
+ 3
(Mar 26, 2013 at 9:15)
LOVE Super-D and thrilled about all of the new Enduro races popping up!
Keep the HT's and XC bikes in their own discipline and PLEASE keep the Enduro courses fast & technical.
Enduro is simply tweaking the favorite AM bikes we already have, so that on race day we are set-up to suit a given course, pure MTBing!
+ 3
(Mar 26, 2013 at 9:12)
To us folks old enough to have grassroots raced BEFORE the media and corporate sponsors drove the cost of racing up (which came before the increasing cost of specialized equipment happened), you used to do ALL your mountain biking on ONE bike. Racing and Trail riding (and before that it was one bike for XC, DH, Hillclimb, and any other category you thought you could enter). Enduro is basically the current competition format aimed at that sort of rider which is why you see many big-name stars in their 40s, who retired from other racing years ago, coming back to bike racing. This is the sort of riding they do now all the time for fun. Why not take a chance and see if they can get paid too. Its also aimed at the type of bike that MOST mountain bikers eventually go shopping for... a general purpose, all-around bike... whether you call them Trail bikes or All-Mountain bikes doesn't really matter, its the type of bike showing up most at enduro events.
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 5:10)
For sure Enduro bikes are more like the bikes that we ride every day than XC and DH bikes, so that makes it appealing. Finally I would need only one bike that is my training bike, play bike, and race bike. I've never had that. Sure, I'd love to have a DH bike as my everyday bike and Whistler in my backyard but the reality is that the vast majority of rides are done without a chairlift or a shuttle. I think Enduro is going to get a lot more popular, but still in its purest form it may only exist where there are chairlifts. I think it may crop up around the world as we try to emulate what is happening in The Alps, but after that it may die out in all the areas except where it started - just like Northshore riding. It was once THE discipline in the world until everyone outside the PNW came to the conclusion that our terrain, forests, and authorities weren't conducive to the style.
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 12:59)
Hopefully I'm not pissing off anyone here in saying this, but XC has not eclipsed Enduro and is not waning here in the South East US. XC is still very VERY entrenched here and a lot of DH guys in the region will tell you the same thing.
I do feel that it's changing, but it's a slow change that's hampered by the self generating circle jerk between regional shops and sales figures to newbies. Go to a shop in Chattanooga and you're not going to see anything near a DH bike. In fact, you'll be lucky to see a 26" bike! Then the blokes in the shop all say "there's none of that kind of riding around here".
But all that said, I think it will change and can't wait as well. There are now regional Enduro events and the DH and slope style scene in the region is growing in spite of what the shops are doing and saying.
Enduro / AM is just plain right!
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 5:42)
I don't know if the 6 ~7 hours riding would be the most attractive option, at least for those who like to ride some DH/FR. I am really interested in buying an Enduro bike for myself. Today I own a SX Trail 1, and it is a pretty awesome bike, but I am far from using it's full potential, and I usually use it to go on light XC rides with my father, but riding 40 km (25 mi) on the SX is a real pain...
An Enduro bike seems perfect, but the idea is that I could still have a lot of fun on a light DH/FR trail without spoiling the bike and maybe even pedal back to the top, when there is no way to shuttle to the top, AND ride some XC with the old man. But hardly spend 7 hours riding on an Enduro trail, wearing a full face helmet, knee and elbow pads and all the DH gear just to use it for 1 hour out of 7...
Maybe I am alone in this, but I actually liked the idea of a 20 ~ 30 min Enduro ride, seems much more fun!
+ 3
(Mar 26, 2013 at 7:01)
A large aspect of Enduro is endurance as the name suggests, if races are suddenly only 20-30min they wont test endurance. If we borrow the definition of Enduro from the moto side where the whole concept was born in, then they would be long distance time trial off road competitions. Truncating the races changes the essence of Enduro. Just like Fred Gio says, lets not change the nature of the race just to get more exposure, isn't that just a mainstream money grab?
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 12:04)
How can an enduro event possibly be less than even 2 hours? If it is less it does not test endurance. Seems most people want it to be short because a lot of people have came from downhill and simply don't have the long distance fitness that us XC'ers do.
+ 6
(Mar 26, 2013 at 6:39)
The first rule of Enduro....WE DON"T TALK ABOUT ENDURO!!!
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 7:09)
Its just another way for the bike industry to create another disapline to make money.Along with 10 speed ,single chain rings up front ,differant axle widths etc etc.Next thing you ll be changing bikes half way and getting on a dh rig to ride the downs.
Or do some riders all ready do that ?
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 11:50)
The point is, enduro is a genre that can be tackled on pretty much any bike, skill and fitness dependant
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 8:49)
Judging the value and appeal of a mountain bike discipline by how famous the top racers are, by how big the purses are, or by how much money sponsors put into events and series is lame. Mountain biking is not about pros. Even racing is not about pros. Pros are a very special (and well-loved, nothing wrong with that) sideshow that exists to help market products. They are brand ambassadors. Enduro will be "The One" when the computer timing systems are cheap and readily available, and where the local trail systems in a whole lot of places have the right kinf of features to host a good enduro. And, more than anything else, when big fields of amateurs particiapte. That is what makes a sport great. Everything this article focuses on is window-dressing, corporate shilling, and hero-worship. I would not give one f*ck what Aaron Gwin could do on a bicycle if I didn't know that there was a robust, world-wide scene of tens of thousands of amateurs stoked on and particiapting in the same sport (DH), and many more doing similar riding if never participating races. I would not give one f*ck what Villopoto, Dungey, etc. could do on a moto if I didn't have a connection to that sport, no matter how many millions of $ or fans went into it. Mountain biking is ours, not SRAM's and the ten fastest guys they pay to race on the ten gnarliest courses. Enduro will be real when we are racing enduro. And the logistics are a little daunting, compared to XC or DH. So that mitigates against someof the enduro hype. Solve those problems and bring it on!
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 7:27)
It's a good discipline for normal riders who want to race, hence it's popularity up to a point. I can't see it ever being 'cool', for good or bad. People wear XC lids and goggles FFS. It's also a bit of a Pro DH grave yard. Reminds me of longboarding vs skateboarding to be honest.
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 1:01)
Enduro really is the way to say, mountain biking. To me it's always been up, down and everything in between. Anything you ride will always help you grow your skill set. Events that feature all aspects of riding can only be good for the sport and show everyone how great of athletes mountain bikers truly are.
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 2:21)
Have you ever heard of the Bow80? We've been doing this event for 13yrs. Enduro or Marathon whatever u call it, it's 80k/7500ft and one tough bastard of a course.
Pros demanded their money back in 2001 cuz it was so dangerous
This is exactly what your talking about and it's just coming about? Our first race was in 2000
I have a gold medal in that race
Looks like I retired to soon!
+ 4
(Mar 26, 2013 at 3:29)
I think they would refer to it as Marathon. Love the Bow 80 though, only did it once as I moved to the UK in 2011. Miss the local rides, biggest DH trail around here is a 20m drop in to an old lime pit. I think Enduro races are designed to be less of a suffer fest then marathon races like the bow 80 or Trans Rockies. Think Bow80 but with a couple shuttled sections, or only the special timed sections like PF and Special K. I think Western Canada terrain and infrastructural lends itself more to this type of racing while the alps you can stick a chairlift in a race route or start at the top of a high pass with a paved road. Those options simply aren't available on most trials in western canada.
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 1:37)
Main wickness of enduro for a proper growth that would make it stand side by side with xc and dh is I think the difficutly to get a good media coverage. I mean big media: TV. You wan't have a live of an enduro race. Courses and racing time are way too long.
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 5:04)
I would like to point out that many racers among XC and DH are planning this seasson taking in account the Enduro Word Series, not only Minaar or Peat but also JULIEN ABSALON AND RALPH NAEF!!! Obviously this is a symptom of what will be the future in not a long time....
+ 4
(Mar 26, 2013 at 7:42)
just for the quality trails it may create, enduro is a great evolution for our sport.
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 12:01)
I pray the courses don't become diluted and boring - a spin fest for dirt roadies. I so glad the DH crowd is in the sport - they'll never complain about anything being "too technical." Hate me if you must, but I think XC racing has watered down the technical aspect of riding quite a bit.
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 13:12)
It hasn't watered it down. The fact is there is more time to be saved by a fit rider on the ascents than by a technical rider on the descents. Don't like it? Fine, but stick to DH and don't judge XC by criteria that don't fit.
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 14:49)
All fitness aside - the XC courses are not very difficult - and don't warrant superior technical skills. It is more of a race of attrition. If they were, everybody would be on full suspension XC bikes. The courses I've raced on, are not trails I'd care to ride on normally - no real challenge to speak of, other than keeping a fast cadence.
+ 1
(Mar 27, 2013 at 3:38)
Well, you ride a Slayer and an FR 20, and list your fave trails as 'anything tech'. I don't think you're exactly a dyed-in-the-wool XC racer, more of a back country/freerider. Some people enjoy the sport a different way to you, with a big emphasis on fitness and less on technical skills. What's wrong with that? Why are you so concerned by how other people are riding?
+ 1
(Mar 27, 2013 at 4:57)
Points on the homework - - My Slayer is my XC bike - hard tech trails is what I prefer. I raced in New England for a couple of years against a majority XC hardtail hard core crowd, and often got top 3 in my category. I spin, I road bike, I train hard for my fitness, to keep up with the younger guys I ride with. What separates the mountain biker from the road biker is not his fitness, but his technical skill
A doped up Armstrong got seventh place in a WC XC race back in the day up in Mt. Snow, NH, it was the skills he said he lacked. Imagine if he had the skills? No one can doubt a Dan Atherton, Nico V or any of the other top crossover guys will dominate.
Now, lets go ride!
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 9:43)
Small travel DH/FR bikes, 5-6", are the best! Enduro is so much fun. You hate yourself at the end after throwing up but its great!! It really levels the playing field too. One may be a good descender while the other may be more of a peddler and they both can compete against one another.
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 8:59)
I think Enduro has the advantage in that most mountain bikers can relate to it. It's a type of riding many people do. But in terms of marketing I'm not sure if it will ever really replace something like downhill. Downhill has a few things going for it. From a 'spectator' perspective DH will always win. It's just more exciting to watch the actual races and from a marketing perspective the DH guys are just more fun to watch. If you are making a marketing video that is supposed to pump people up about your brand what makes a better video, some DH guys ripping upsome crazy lines on downhill bikes or some guys riding Enduro? Not to knock Enduro but we all know the answer. The other is from a product development standpoint. Much of the technology starts at the DH level and them filters down to the long travel all mountain bikes. So brands will likely still be putting their newest technologies on the DH bikes first to see if they can take the abuse. It's beneficial for a brand to show that their products can stand up to the ultimate test of downhill, because the average customer then says there is no way I'm going to break those bars or stem if they were on a WC downhillers bike at some point.
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 16:11)
First Thing, keep the TV coverage far from the sport. The way to make a sport more mainstream is not to make it more spectacular but to make its heroes more famous.. Look at the Tour de France, is there something more boring to watch? yes baseball, tennis, soccer, golf, poker... all this sports are on TV and received more dollars than a 3 minutes adrenaline filled DH run. Why? because the lambda TV watcher knows the champions, the team and it's his only way to relate to a sport. I think online media an companies such as Red Bull made a good job with DH to promote the Atherton, Peat, Minaar and other thru interviews, pit chat..etc. Only problem...Promote the Athletes not the sport.
I see DH and maybe something like ultra Endurance as an elite version of mountain biking (I think XC is just a twist and lost the mtb soul) and Enduro should be the grassroots/ point of entry to the sport, it should be the the race format the closest from what we ride everyday. I think this world series and all this big Enduro team doesn't make more sense, effort should be put into the grassroots, I'd like to see big events, big festival where everybody can and want to race enduro with enough categories/age bracket so everybody finish with a medal and a smile. The Megaavlanche is a good example, everybody wants to ride it but nobody cares about who is the winner..
Trying to define an elite level in XC is what killed it. Let's not do the the same for Enduro...
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 13:00)
. "Dirt roadies". Bahahaha! I've always said 29ers are for roadies that fear getting hit by a car on the pavement. If Enduro racing is at all technical, DH riders will dominate. They can achieve higher fitness levels with proper training if needed. But, No dyed-in-the-wool (dirt)roadie will have the brovado to send it when needed.
+ 0
(Mar 26, 2013 at 13:05)
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 6:44)
put it simply, enduro is the real mountain biking, when a guy with a sick bike, can pedal up the XC course, stop at the top to enjoy the view and then choose the DH course to get back in stead of stayin' on the XC loop. And BTW we are the coolest looking bikers out there, haha
ps: please don't let the UCI take over...
+ 1
(Mar 27, 2013 at 4:10)
The last thing Enduro Racing needs is a stiff rule book about how many stages, minimum vertical drop, maximum amount of something. A rule book like a construction kit, flexible to work with it like a tool chest. Take what you need to keep the spirit alive. Any terrain is different, at some places you need many short stages, at other places some long stages are possible. At some loops at areas with many roads and trails you need drive through check points. At other places the starting order and transfer time could be handled more restrictive to force the riders or to give safer conditions. I am also into Motorcycle Enduro. FIM is the UCI there. Same situation about defining is there too. Enduro with motor has a FIM World Series and European and National Championships plus more extreme type races like Erzberg or Roof of Africa, Romaniacs. Then very popular because of problems to find loops into the landscape we have 2h, 3h or 4h Enduros on large laps. And also the more continental crossing Rallyes. All kind of Enduro. I was announcer at the 87th Six Days, a FIM Team World Champoinship started 1913. So many to learn from them. The rules in the Six Days are differnt in some points to the FIM Individual World Championship. No problem.
+ 1
(Mar 27, 2013 at 4:22)
So at the Six Days is the Final Day a traditional a MotoCross or a Supermoto. So 5 Days individual start, last day mass start. Imagine a TransAlps Race with a Megavalanche Kind of Race at the final day.
Enduro can be so much. I know a French MTB Enduro (Metabief?) run the last stage in MiniValanche Style. If the track offers fair conditions to pass, why not.
Or you can handle it in a pursuit style race, separated by their time differences from a previous stages.
So many options.
I like to let it more open. Team Competions are another point.
At MultiDay races in high mountain area it can become dangerous to race alone. TransAlp Marathon race is a two rider challenge therefor. They have to go together. So the first help ist the team mate. Only slowest finisher counts.
+ 1
(Mar 30, 2013 at 8:58)
It's a great step forward in the sport but I have one small reservation... The name Enduro.
Is it just me or does it not really sum it up properly? Just sounds not quite right to me.
At the end of the day though, call it what you will... I'll always love the concept.
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 23:07)
Pure mountain biking? Yes. Pure racing, hell no. The uphills are not timed. Yes, there's a time limit, but it just bothers me. So I build up a 35 lb. trail bike that is killer on the downhill, but sucks to pedal up? That's not everyday riding to me. It should be over all. If you're 1/10 of a second faster than me on the downhill but I beat you by 2 minutes on the uphill, who's the better overall rider? I've enjoyed the races I've done but get a little butt hurt when I see guys beating me whom I wait for on our every day rides.
+ 1
(Mar 27, 2013 at 1:41)
This article is perfect. A couple years ago I was a veteran hardcore downhiller/ freerider, but had to give up the sport for a lot of reasons. Just recently I got into the saddle of a 5" travel Giant Trance and ripped some all mountain trails. Boy I never realized how much I missed biking. The climbing killed me but was more rewarding than I ever remembered, since I got to shred the downhills like I used to. I'm considering buying a gnarly all mountain bike again, and enduro is exactly what i'm looking for. I need the climb to push myself, and the rough downhill rock gardens and huge jumps to please the downhiller in me. This article may have singlehandedly inspired me to start mountain biking again, this time in another direction. Thanks for writing it.
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 1:43)
I've done two local enduro races which are nothing but a whole lot of fun! i did one xc races and wanted to kill myself halfway through. I hope enduro stays for a while.
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 1:38)
Freestylers, and freeriders I think would suck at enduro! Xc guys will have the fitness but the skill...... Not so sure! But a real fit DH guy could do well in enduro!
+ 7
(Mar 26, 2013 at 2:11)
I'm pretty sure some XC riders like Schurter would smoke 80 per cent of (non WC) DH riders if he tried.
+ 4
(Mar 26, 2013 at 3:03)
Yeah just because he likes to wear tight clothing for no apparent reason and shave his legs doesn't mean he's slow
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 7:21)
Ever see a xc guy go downhill? Most of the time it's painful to watch. Not all.... Most!
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 14:08)
jaih I think that may be more to do with the bike than the rider. Seat very high, narrow flat bars, long stem, steep angles. They are the opposite of whatever you need to descend. They can descend, but you are so right in that they look terrible while doing it. A full-on WC worthy XC race bike is just horrible to ride. I race XC, but the first thing I do is put a shorter stem, wider bars, and a dropper post. I'd rather finish a few places down the list than hate to ride my bike, even in a race.
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 7:04)
so confused, should i still be looking at a 29'r, do i clip in or not, what do i wear, lycra with elbow and knee pads. goggles???
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 7:19)
Ahhhhhhhh............. NO!
+ 3
(Mar 26, 2013 at 8:13)
In America you are required to wear baggy shorts, knee pads, an XC helmet with goggles, and NEVER any elbow pads. Same for Europe except you wear an XC helmet to climb and a full face to descend. Your jersey will designate you as either XC oriented (tight fit with pockets) or DH oriented (loose and brightly colored). No matter what your helmet must be by POC or some other new and brightly colored brand. :-P
- 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 9:28)
Well since you have to physically RIDE the bike from stage to stage (whether the event times those crossing over bits in the result varies also) you're going to want something that pedals well, and can negotiate the kind of trails you'll be riding downhill, in an uphill occasionally, or that will handle pavement. You want enough suspension travel to negotiate the descending safely/comfortably but not so much that you're pedaling a wallowing cow when going up hills. Now since bigger wheels do roll over roots and rocks better than smaller ones, and there is now a large number of trail/AM bike options in the 140 to 170mm wheel travel range with well designed suspension linkage paths (for pedalling) in 650B and 29er wheel sizes, that's the way I'd be shopping if I was looking to do an endure event.
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 13:58)
I wonder if this will see the re-emergence of helmets such as the Gyro Switchblade - removable chin guard.
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 2:46)
Maybe the fact that it isn't backed by massive sponsors/UCI and the like is why its so popular amongst the masses? I dunno, just throwing stuff around in my head...
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 0:22)
Enduro competitions looks fun fo sure...It could be nice to do an event where you invite stars of freestyle,freeride,DH, even XC and put them all on an enduro big race....
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 4:59)
with the massive trail centre 'scene' in the UK this is bound to take off over here. I'm not so sure about the goggles and xc lid combo though...
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 12:54)
Good read!!! But I feel enduro is what mountain biking is! Yeah it split in too two disciplines. But I feel it's weird that its still viewed as a strange idea.
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 20:17)
Sounds great.....
but WHAT IS ENDURO?????
a nice pretty article with opinions and great shots... and yet I still have no clue what specifically makes Enduro Enduro?
+ 3
(Mar 27, 2013 at 1:43)
Climbs like XC trail riding, rock gardens and descents like a DH trail, and a long overall ride to test your 'endur'ance. its a fusion of both sides of the mtb spectrum
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 1:43)
Noow I have too build annother rig.. Nah, super stoked for this growing sport!
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 3:00)
Enduro has already eclipsed xc as far as the mtb community is concerned, you have 3 types of articles on pinkbike: dh, am and dj.
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 7:32)
Very interested to see how this pans out. I will be trying out Enduro racing, may as well, I've ridden the other types, XC, DH, Super-D.
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 8:10)
Enduro bikes r cool and fun enough for everyone. But really need a series of rules and games to build it better!
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 8:58)
enduro - its like xc but with steep downhill sections...so you need a beefier bike and there is no lycra involved DH needs to be in the Olympics!!!
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 15:26)
the one? yep, the discipline of the masses! with one bike you ride it all..
+ 1
(Mar 27, 2013 at 2:21)
"for us downhill is like F1, Its the pinnacle." -Rob Roskopp founder of Santa Cruz bikes.
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 4:47)
enduro is awesome! even if you do laps on an xc course with an enduro bike.
+ 1
(Dec 12, 2015 at 14:18)
How much money could you make a year doing Enduro at Pro-Expert level? Compared to XC and DH...
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 8:59)
Whether racing or not, enduro is how I ride -- everyday, all day.
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 6:06)
Racing on the bikes we love to ride, the way we love to ride... Hope the money doesn't bring the juice (epo, 'roids, etc).
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 13:55)
All getting rather serious, I fancy just getting out for some fun racing :-)
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 0:40)
Is it the one to end the tyranny of UCI
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 13:04)
bro, if is anything about bikes, bring it on!
But i would never try, just too hard
+ 2
(Mar 26, 2013 at 7:46)
enduro is so 2013!!
+ 1
(Mar 27, 2013 at 11:58)
ENDURO is amazing !! Eat it . sleep it, breath it , shit it !
+ 1
(Mar 29, 2013 at 10:27)
proof is in the pudding, enduro at the olympics
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 6:48)
Enduro needs helicopter coverage. It'll give audiences something to watch.
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 0:23)
Enduro is young and it will be popular. Just like dh. Or xc.
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 16:08)
Enduro is the essence of mountain biking.
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 7:36)
His name is Fred Glo not Gio.
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 7:47)
even in portugal were having our first championship this year
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 10:46)
Sign me up
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 4:26)
Sounds awesome...I'm in.
Below threshold threads are hidden
- 11
(Mar 26, 2013 at 4:19)
""Not to mention, Enduro brings all the elements of mountain biking under one roof: sick bikes, the world's best trails, with a holistic prerequisite of XC fitness and DH full throttle skill. Begs the question, could Enduro one day eclipse both disciplines? Could top riders from XC and DH jump ship onto the new bandwagon?""
I beg to differ, haven`t seen a "sick" Enduro bike yet. It is all yesteryears limited travel Freeride bikes and smoochie trails for the balance-challenged lycra crowd. I am all for recycling aluminum, recycling bad concepts is spiritual pollution...
XC-fitness? Bodies look horribly deformed, look at a surfer-, windsurfer, beachvolley-body - there you go.
Will we get better and cheaper dh-bikes, many nice new friends, better trails? Why would you want druglaced professional pain-addicts and egotists and taiwanese corps enter a freesport like dh?
No, bridging the gap between XC and Dh is pointless. The article is painfully pointless. Two entirely different sports.
+ 5
(Mar 26, 2013 at 5:16)
I think you have missed the point, if you look at the numbers just in this forum you'll find that the large percentage consider themselves AM riders. Enduro is the racing format that best represents the large majority of mountain biker around the world, slow steadying climb to the top, to find a ripping single track. Now repeat that 5 times with a clock. And if you haven't seen a sick enduro bike, you haven't been looking very hard.
+ 1
(Mar 26, 2013 at 6:21)
wakaba......You mad bro?
+ 0
(Mar 29, 2013 at 11:15)
Not mad, just bored with AM/XC/End. There is one formfactor that works and those bikes are creeping slowly towards it. Its called big bike. Segment is beaten to death - 20 years ago. Discussing 29, airshocks. 59.2 degree HA is moot, stuff does not work. Look at the leaders: Foes, Intense, Orange, Linskey and others. Good stuff. Spec, Giant, Kona etc. Followers.
Google Astro, Taiwan, tube catalog and you see what we will be discussing next year. Boring.
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text:
Ashish Joy writes a rather strong arguement in 'Jude - Genuine Christianity'. In today's culture, Christianity has been somewhat distorted and the fear of God lacking among many. Feel free to share your feedback in part one of this two-part essay.
There is already here in our day, people who claim the name of Jesus, but live as if for Satan. Their slanderous ways keep us doubtful of God's power and presence. These people are not the ones who are found out in their sin, but who persistently and secretly deny Christ's power in their lives. They've found ways to look good. They are exactly what Jesus calls 'white-washed tombs'.
No...I'm not talking about those who honestly deny Christ, but rather those who claim Christ, come to church, sing songs on Sunday, hear sermon after sermon, but nothing genuine has changed in their life. They've made the grace of God a license for sin. They've lowered the holiness of God to abstraction. They sit in the pews Sunday after Sunday, but sin is on the throne in their life. They hide behind their veil of religiousity, and make God out to be a liar.
"...For certain men whose condemnation was written about long ago have secretly slipped in among you. They are godless men, who change the grace of God into a license for immorality and deny Jesus Christ our only Sovereign and Lord. Though you already know all this, I want to remind you that the Lord delivered his people out of Egypt, but later destroyed those who did not believe..."
Jude 4-5
Jude candidly speaks to us regarding the godless that reside in the church. They are unholy men who pollute the work of God, and destroy what God builds. They have no morals now more than ever; for now since they are 'free' from the life of sin, they return to their old vomit and consume the excrement they so willingly threw off. They confuse the flock, and convert many to their ways of sin. They are the wolves in sheep's clothing. They are everywhere, among the strong, and among the weak. Since they are cunning and divisive, but remain hidden until their appointed time, even the righteous see no reason to stay clear of them.
"...these men speak abusively against whatever they do not understand; and what things they do understand by instinct, like unreasoning animals - these are the very things that destroy them."
Jude 10
It is said, that you are held responsible for that which you know the consequences for. In like manner, the things that will condemn the godless, are not what they do not know, rather it is that which they already know. They willingly live immorally, knowing full well they are polluting their bodies. They willingness to continue in their sin, is their eternal doom. They claim that since God is merciful, they may continue in their sin, and ask for pardon at a later time. They are the cunning that poison other sheep and dilute their conscience.
"These men are blemishes at your love feasts, eating with you without the slightest qualm - shepherds who feed only themselves. They are clouds without rain, blown along by the wind; autumn trees, without fruit and uprooted - twice dead. They are wild waves of the sea, foaming up their shame; wandering stars, for whom the blackest darkness has been reserved forever."
Jude 12-13
"These men are grumblers and faultfinders; they follow their own evil desires; they boast about themselves and flatter others for their own advantage."
Jude 16
Jude uses riveting imagery here to illustrate the doom-filled paths of the godless. The godless have no shame when rebelling against authority. They willfully and wholeheartedly care less about who they hurt, for their opinion and their way, is the only way. They do not listen to those who speak into their life. They boast about the little that they do, and flatter people they need something from. It's these sort of people who are the godless. They are the chaff amongst the wheat, waiting for the day when the wind of the Lord will blow them discreetly on to their destination - Hell

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Work Injury
Our doctors evaluated and provided treatment for thousands of injured workers over their years in practice. If you have been involved in an accident at work, whether it's a fall from a scaffold, machinery accident,...
Auto Accidents
If you have been involved in an auto accident, whiplash injuries need to be taken very seriously. Symptoms of a whiplash injury can take weeks or months to manifest, it is easy to be fooled...
Chiropractic Tips for the Thanksgiving Weekend
Happy Thanksgiving our dear patients and friends! We are so thankful for each one of you this year. As the...
Core Strength and Your Spine
There is a lot of talk these days referencing core strength. To many individuals this is an unfamiliar term. The...
Clinic is little hard to find and doesn't look too nice from the outside. But when you come in you get amazed by beautiful decor and warming environment. Friendly personnel and over all very nice place. It was not an intimidating place at all. I would go back there.
Excellent doctors, very friendly and knowledgeable stuff. Since I started treating here my pain level went from 9 to 1. Massage therapy helping with my lower back pain. I am back to normal life style………………… finally. Just recommended Pacific Healthcare to my Mom.
I came in pacific health care because i had lower back pain now i have no pain i feel stronger and have more freedom of movement. the process was stress free and the staff was very helpful and friendly . I would recommend this clinic to anybody.
This clinic is the best. They have the best massage therapists. Their costumer service is great they helped me out with everything I needed after my car accident.
Dr. Solomiya Bachinsky was born in Lviv, Ukraine, but raised in Seattle, Washington. She is fluent in three languages: Ukrainian, Russian, as well as English. In high school, she volunteered at a nearby chiropractic clinic where she fell in love with the profession.
Dr. Bachinsky moved to Portland, Oregon to attend award winning University of Western States. She has a Bachelors of Science degree in human biology and a Doctorate in Chiropractic.


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- Florida Beer Distributors Inc08.Dec 2015
- Employee
Company culture
There is no praise for employees, verbal or monetary. The owner expects employees to go above their regular duties without compensation.
Support from Management
Supervisor and owner not willing to listen to ideas or suggestions on how to improve productivity. It's his way or no way.
Aside from the owner, the other employees work well with each other.
Level of Autonomy
Employees have no say in workload or structure.


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This was my second time at this resort. My memory of the first experience was about one hotel in a wonderful place but that needed urgent care. This time I was invited by a friend and we were upgraded to a villa. Positive advice: 1....More
Getting you more information on this room
Getting you more information on this room
"Avoid booking on Chinese public holidays or weekends. If yu use a credit card issued abroad China, pay in..."
"Club Room > Club Premier, because Club Premier's hot tub is outdoors where mosquitoes run rampant."
"Watch out for the areas under renovation... construction works start quite early..."
"While they are under renovation process ask for a room not facing construction area. Do not miss a massage..."


text:
Toy Review: Lego Star Wars General Grievous Starfighter
We love Lego, as I have written in previous posts. K, 1 is a Duplo fan while J, 5 is getting more and more interested in building. It is D, 8, who I think likes it best. She is hard to amuse for long periods of time, but last Christmas her uncle bought her a Lego technic truck which kept her busy building for 3 days. We were delighted, therefore, to be able to test out Lego Star Wars General Grievous Starfighter.
This is a serious Lego build, recommended for age 8+. J', 5, is a big Lego Star Wars fan and helped build the people, but it took D, me and even a little bit of help from the babysitter to get it assembled. Now it is sitting in pride of place in the box with our other Lego Star Wars. Next, we aspire to build the Lego Star Wars Death Star although at £274 I think that may be one to save up for!
http://www.toysrus.co.uk/Toys-R-Us/Toys/Construction/Lego-Star-Wars-General-Grievous-Startfighter-8095%280080392%29 from Toysrus for £44.97


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Boston is such a great city for walking. If you want to venture further than your feet or energy will take you, keep the "T" and commuter rail in mind before renting a car. Generally, you will not need a car while in Boston. Navigating around Boston as well as parking can be quite difficult. Save yourself the time, money, and frustration of driving in Boston (not to mention the environment.)
The commuter rail system in Boston is excellent if you want to take a day trip to Ipswich, Rockport or Salem. Departing from North Station, the commuter rail is an easy way to visit these places without a car.
Day trips to Cape Cod, Concord, and Lexington require a rental car, as they are not otherwise easily reached. So, if you are renting a car, here are a few tips to consider. Make sure you have detailed directions or a GPS as Boston can be very confusing for drivers unfamiliar with the city. Also, rent a smaller car instead of a SUV, parking is tight and expensive.
The following rental car agencies are within walking or T distance in case you want to rent a car for a day or two.
Dollar: Marriott Hotel (617) 578-0025
Budget: Park Plaza (617) 497-3669
Hertz: Park Plaza (617) 338-1506
National: Downtown Boston (617) 557-7179


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i followed your instruction for giving Google Webmaster my sitemap but get 404 page as you can see here
The blog I need help with is gimgumavar.co.il.
WordPress.com is an easy way to start blogging. Get a blog, check out our features, read the latest announcements, choose from great themes, or learn about the team behind it.
Need help? Check out our Support site, then
i followed your instruction for giving Google Webmaster my sitemap but get 404 page as you can see here
The blog I need help with is gimgumavar.co.il.
Hi Orit,
What is the underlying wordpress.com address?
the wp.com address is gimgumavar.wordpress.com
Then I believe gimgumavar.wordpress.com/sitemap.xml is the sitemap you should be using for Google Webmaster.
See here: http://en.support.wordpress.com/sitemaps/#xml-sitemaps-for-search-engines
OK-I see the problem. I'm not certain if this will work since it is a mapped domain to a .co.il , but please try at Google Webmasters.
Meantime I've tagged this for staff input.
I always use the mapping domain itself and it's ok.
The Webster accounts are all refers to the mapping domains.
Thank you very much Jennifer !
(it works to me with other co.il domains - so i don't think his is the problam here)
When you submit a sitemap to Google, you navigate to the site you have already verified and then simply add "/sitemap.xml " to the box in the submission form.
One thing we have noticed is that Google is having some issues verifying custom domains right now, and we're still looking into that, so if you're having trouble with Google Webmaster Tools with any WordPress.com site with a custom domain, it's likely related.
Thank you very much jackiedana.
i think it's not a problem of Google - Google see this page. the problem is this page seen as 404 page as you can see here
and not as real sitemap.xml page.
Thanks for letting me know. I'm not sure what would cause that to happen with your sitemap, but I'm looking into it for you and will let you know what I find out.
Many thanks jackiedana !! (:
Your site is set to private, and we do not create sitemaps for private sites since they will not be crawled by Google.
I checked again the setting on my dashboard to be sure that the option of "Allow search engines to index this site" is mark, and it's ok. or that is something else i need to define ?
Thanks again for your help (:
Hi jackiedana- the site gimgumavar.co.il is public for me and has been from the start.
Here's what the robots.txt file for gimgumavar says:
User-agent: *
Disallow: /wp-admin/
Disallow: /wp-includes/
Compared to the robots.txt for my agallerydemo, which is blocked to search engines but public:
User-agent: *
Disallow: /
Interesting... it looks like your site is now public but some of our internal tools still show it as private, and that's likely causing the issue with the sitemap. We are looking into it and I will let you know when I have more information for you.
Thank you very much jackiedana and justjenifer ! i really appreciate your help,
It looks like the site privacy hadn't updated on our end, freeing up the sitemap. Everything seems to be working now, and if you go to http://gimgumavar.co.il/sitemap.xml you will see your sitemap.
Yes, now it's there.
Full of thanks jackiedana, and Jennifer !
I'm running now to tell Google and Bing (:
You're very welcome. I'm glad we were able to sort things out for you.
This topic has been closed to new replies.


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Welcome to fabYOUlous fitness.
Personal training for women over 40.
We specialize in fitness for women over 40. All training takes place in a private, intimidation-free studio nestled in Westerville, Ohio. Our goal is to help women become consistent with their workouts so that they can live long, active, healthy lives.
Oftentimes women put the needs of everyone else before themselves. This can leave us feeling stressed, overwhelmed, out of shape, overweight, and unhealthy. We need to put the focus back on us before we can take care of anybody else. YOU are important. YOU are worthy. YOU are beautiful.
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Personalized workouts with 2-3 other women who have similar goals. Each session is 45 minutes long and takes place in a private training studio. The perfect way to help each other through a workout!
Private PERSONAL Training
Highly personalized in a private, intimidation-free environment. Each 45 minutes session will be designed with your specific goals in mind. Perfect for those who aren't ready or don't want to train with other people.


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Israel Is a Prisoner to Its Settlements
In Israel, the release of Palestinian prisoners as part of the peace talks is seen as a terrorist attack deserving of retaliation.
The scheduled release this week of 25 Palestinian prisoners, as part of the prime minister's acquiescence to the Palestinians' conditions for renewing the peace talks, is, as expected, being met with public and political protest.
To calm opposition to the move on the right, the government hastened to announce that the release would coincide with the publication of tenders for the construction of hundreds of new homes in West Bank settlements. Why should there be any connection between building in the territories and freeing prisoners? Why should a confidence-building measure whose purpose is to facilitate the negotiations with the Palestinians require an immediate and dangerous counter-operation that could jeopardize the talks? But in Israel - where every terror attack requires an equal and opposite reaction in the form of an "appropriate Zionist response," such as construction in the settlements, as a matter of principle - the release of prisoners, like the entire negotiating process, is seen as a terror attack - and thus in need of retaliation.
Israel clings to the supposedly legitimate argument that the government did not promise to suspend building in the settlements as a condition of conducting negotiations. This is accurate, but it should be remembered that Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas is the one who agreed to waive this condition on the - completely mistaken - assumption that the Israeli government would at least want to appear to be interested in advancing the negotiations and, therefore, not jeopardize them over such a sensitive issue. But Israel, which takes leave of its senses when the Palestinian Authority carries out unilateral actions, does the same thing, creating facts on the ground in an area whose future is supposed to be determined in these very negotiations.
One can disagree with the decision to release prisoners, one can oppose it or take legal action to prevent the move, but there is an enormous gap between a decision that cannot affect the outcome of the negotiations and building homes whose sole purpose is to buttress the fortifications against a withdrawal from the territories.
In this context, it is also difficult to understand the vow of silence taken by the midwives to the talks in Washington, who, when briefed in advance about the tenders, treated them like a necessary bill to be paid in exchange for the prisoners.
There can be no legitimate grounds for building new apartments in the settlements. As long as there is no agreement with the Palestinians on their future, the settlements are illegal growths and their expansion adds insult to injury.
The prime minister would do well to recognize that the peace talks are with the Palestinians, not the settlers.
Want to enjoy 'Zen' reading - with no ads and just the article? Subscribe todaySubscribe now


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Can Obama Save the Whales?
At least one celeb came out yesterday to see the Kennedy/Obama lovefest at American University. Potential first-time voter and budding activist Hayden Panettiere stopped by the event. She was already in the neighborhood for a Save the Whales Campaign. Check out the video of Hayden trying to get some face-time with Barack.
Do you think Barack has the experience needed to save the whales on day one of his presidency?


text:
With Pacific Rim being released to theaters later this year, Guillermo del Toro is moving forward on his next project. He's already decided on Crimson Peak, a ghost story for Legendary Pictures, and a new report reveals that del Toro is looking to re-team with his Pacific Rim star.
Variety reports that Charlie Hunnam is currently in negotiations to take on the lead role in the film, with Emma Stone still in negotiations for the female lead. There are no story details available right now, but del Toro previously said that he's aiming for a movie that can sit next to some of the great classic horror films. Here's what he had to say about his influences:
"To me that is Robert Wise's The Haunting, which was a big movie, beautifully directed, with the house built magnificently. And the other grand daddy is Jack Clayton's The Innocents. I've always tried to make big-sized horror movies like the ones I grew up watching... Films like The Omen, The Exorcist and The Shining, the latter of which is another Mount Everest of the haunted house movie. I loved the way that Kubrick had such control over the big sets he used, and how much big production value there was. I think people are getting used to horror subjects done as found footage or B-value budgets. I wanted this to feel like a throwback."


text:
I am doing a one class classification with the LibSVM classifier in weka.
I'm using "double pred = myClassi.classifyInstance(myInstance);" to get the predicted value. I tested with 6 instances from the same
training set and I get 4 instances as NaN and 2 as 0.0. I guess here NaN = outlier and 0.0 = relevant right?. But how do I get 4 outliers?
it's the same instances I used for training, so I should get all relevant. What could be the reason here? I didn't do any parameter tuning, only -S 2 to say unary classification. What's happening wrong here?
I really appreciate the help.


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Skaters, time to get your ollie back on.
East Palo Alto reopened its 5,000-square-foot skate park at Bell Street Park on University Avenue on Thursday.
The city's playground for skaters features a quarter pipe, two jump launches, a grind rail and skate table. The structures are made of a composite material that will allow for safety and durability, according to a city statement.
The skateboard park will be open seven days a week, with hours varying throughout the year. From October to January, hours are from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday. From February to March, hours are 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. From April to September, hours are from 9 a.m. to 8 p.m.
Throughout the year, the park is open from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. Saturday, and from noon to 5 p.m. on Sunday.
East Palo Alto officials thanked the East Palo Alto YMCA for helping with extending the skate park's hours.


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Fridley is a city in Anoka County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 27,208 at the 2010 census. It was incorporated in 1949 as a village and became a city in 1957. It is part of the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area. Fridley is a "first ring" or "inner ring" suburb in the Northern part of the Twin Cities. It borders Minneapolis at its southern border. Neighboring first ring suburbs are Columbia Heights and Brooklyn Center.
Source: wikipedia.com
To see our Fridley listings click here.
Links to know:
City Hall
City Directory
Park & Rec.
Fridley Schools
Ken Damlo
I felt very comfortable working with Pete & John. They were knowledgeable and professional. They had my interests in mind. They listened and did not try to pressure me.


text:
Announcing Our Big $7,000 A Week For Life Prize!
We give away lots of prizes … some instant … some cash … some gift cards and merchandise … and some that are life-changing BIG.
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Love Actually star Joanna Page is a mum
JOANNA PAGE is celebrating after giving birth to her first child.
The Love Actually star and her actor husband James Thornton became parents on Friday (15Feb13) following the birth of their daughter Eva.
Page took to her Twitter.com page to share her happy news with fans, writing, "We are delighted to announce that Eva Madelief Russell was born 15th Feb, 10.58am, weighing 6lbs 8ozs... She's adorable!"
Proud dad Thornton also tweeted, "We have had a baby girl! We are over the moon!"


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Limit ssh session from a host with a particular Key file
Hello friends,
i am having a bit of problem.
I have got few servers to handle lying in USA, UK and canada.
as of now i use them with SSH(version 2) , they are all having fedora core 8 installed.
i want following things, please read all of them to get exactly what i want.
1) I dont want any one to be able to do ssh.
2) i want ssh via password only, no ssh-keygen.
3) ssh should be done from some specific host only which are allowed.
4) I mean even though some one has password of the server he should not be able to ssh to my server, it needs a specific key sort of thing, if that keyfile is present in client's pc then only he should be able to do ssh using the password.
Am i sound clear? if not please tell me.
All i want is to limit the users to do ssh to my servers though they have root password, only users who have combination of password and keyfile should be able to do ssh.
Hope i have sound clear enough to think.
waiting for your valuable comments and replies,
well, I don't have all the answers to you, but even so, I hope some could help you.
3) to limit the origin you can use the files /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny. For instance, use a empty hosts.allow and on hosts.deny put something like:
sshd: ALL EXCEPT networks or list of valid IPs
I use fail2ban which is a program that can block a IP that has too many failed login attempts. I use fail2ban to protect the sshd against force brute attacks. On the first attempt it can blocks the IP for hours, except if it is your IP, in this case it blocks you after the third attempt for 5 minutes - or whatever - I got the idea.
But i dont want my servers to be limited to specific IPs.
say i have got root password and i have got a keyfile then i may connect my laptop to any network (Mns any IP), and i should be able to connect.
In short, rather then depending on just password i want two parameters one is password and other is file, then only anyone can connect to my servers.
still waiting for comments....
Looking at "man sshd_config" I found the directives "AllowUsers" and "DenyUsers" which could be used (I guess) to limit who can log in through ssh (your request number 1).
Also, the directive "AuthorizedKeysFile" that contains the public keys that can be used for user authentication, which is your request number 4.
Take a look at "sshd_config(5)" and "ssh_config(5)", they are the best source for what you are looking for.
Please, share your findings here and, if successful, mark this thread as "solved".
Dear unSpawn
if you dont have answer, please dont laugh at.
Intentions with root password is that even if someone has root password he should not be able to login to my server without that key file.
i think i made clear this in my previous posting.
weather i am using fedora core 8 or 11, i think solutions wont change much.
thank for the other replies though, surely i will go through ssh_config and sshd_config man pages.
Don't discount what he said about root logins and stale versions. Not only is it silly to work on advanced security like 'I want public-key in case they get my password' when you're asking for problems by not updating your software and risking everything by working as root, but like it or not, you're part of a network, and you are a weak link by not taking care of your own security. Poor practice (and Windows) is why we have botnets.
A keyfile is exactly what public key authentication gives you. You can even password protect it. It's a very bad idea in case you lose the keyfile, but you could then disable password authentication and use public key with the passworded key, making it impossible to log in without both the public key and the password. That's what you want. It really is ill-advised, though.
i didnt get you
And about the previoust posting, i dont want to insult anyone, i am working on linux, and i know it is very bad idea to log in using root id, all i want to tell is that even if someone has got root password, he should not be able to login.
i never say that u need root password only to login, or i will allow only root user to login.
Like unSpawn said, you should take some time and read up on OpenSSH. In particular, look into public key authentication, as that is as close to what you want as you're going to get. ssh-keygen is the program you'll use to set that up.
yeah sure
i will read it.
but r u sure, that after generating keys using ssk-keygen i can set it to both, i mean if someone ahs that file and not password or say someone has password and not that file then he/she should not be able to login?
can i do that?
I am sure you can password-protect an OpenSSH private key. I am reasonably sure you can disable regular authentication - you'll have to read up on sshd_config as mentioned earlier to find out for sure and how.
However, this is a BAD idea. If the machine on which you have stored the private key is stolen, or its hard drive dies, or you're using it on a boat and drop it off the side, it will be impossible to log in (barring a brute-forcing of your key, and if that were practical, there'd be no point to a key in the first place). The idea is that by using public key, you just skip the password step; protecting the key itself is the responsibility of you and the machines it's on, and if their security isn't up to snuff, you've got bigger problems.
You can (using ssh) password protect the key on the client, so losing the client doesn't matter if the thief doesn't know the password to the key.
I don't really understand the question you had about not allowing people who know the root password from logging in. If you simply mean that you don't want to allow ssh root logins, that is easy to set in /etc/ssh/sshd_config. If you mean that you don't want people who know the root password from logging in and using su to become root, you can prevent these users' group from logging in to ssh.
If you want to allow these people to log into their regular accounts, but not use su or sudo to become root, that is more complicated. Instead of letting administrators know the root password, you could change the root password, and make them members of the `wheel' group, so they can use sudo instead. With pam_group (see man group.conf & man pam_group), to determine when and from where they are members of the wheel group. Then they can use sudo at work from a local terminal but not remotely after work.
Company policy and auditing may be more useful than more complicated or obstructive methods. Giving users you don't trust the root password, doesn't sound like a good policy. Users who have root access during the day, can modify your configurations, circumventing any controls on ssh access you implement.
However, a remote user in the field, lets assume with a laptop, could remove the passphrase (out of laziness) and later loose the laptop. I don't know how this policy could be enforced.
|All times are GMT -5. The time now is 08:44 PM.


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text:
A Gnome's Assistance
This quest is not available in game.
Find J.D. Collie in the cave at Marshal's Refuge.
Thinking... Thinking... I know I came here for something important...
I have an idea, <name>. In the cave over there is a gnome named J.D. that was very kind to me when I first arrived here. Perhaps in my disoriented state, I might have mentioned something to her.
Why don't you go ask her if she knows anything? Oh, but be careful -- she's always messing with those crazy glowing crystals I've seen in the crater. I'm not quite sure what she's up to in there!


text:
AnneSkidmorewrote a review of Outdoor Research Ferrosi Hooded Softshell Jacket - Women's on April 12, 2012
Ferrosi Hooded Jacket=Stellar Piece!
This piece is killer. For climbing, hiking, running, and such. The fabric is durable, breathable, and stretchy. The fit is perfect in the arms, the hood, and the length works well with a harness. I don't leave home without this piece when it's a tad chilly. I keep a chap stick in the arm pocket which has come in surprisingly handy. Buy this piece, and you WON'T regret it!


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text:
The worldwide financial crisis puts a new emphasis on infrastructure spending, seen by many governments as a way to head off economic downturn, and as a way of holding on to achievements made in the developing world. Recent research by the Economic and Social Research Council finds that Project Finance (PF), one of the most commonly used methods of funding major infrastructure projects in the developing world, can pose potential risks in the communities in which it is deployed. In a study that has focused on the role of this financing technique in the developing world, the results point to potential damage to the environment, health and safety, and human rights concerns that can arise from the pressures that the funding strategy creates.
Project finance typically sees multinational developers reduce their exposure to financial risk by shifting responsibility for repayment of loans on a particular project to the subsidiary set up solely for the purpose of owning the assets of that project. With the lender's only recourse for reimbursement narrowed to revenue from the project, and not from the general revenues of the parent company, there is heightened anxiety to meet payment targets. This can result in tight schedules for project completion in order to start revenue flowing, with allocations of risk for failures to meet deadlines sometimes placed on contractors and sub-contractors who have limited capacity to meet the deadlines while taking the necessary precautions on safety; environmental protection standards; and human rights of workers and communities.
In order to address these risks, and others, the research proposes a code of practice that would accompany the existing social and environmental requirements made by private lenders and by the World Bank/International Finance Corporation. The code would encourage:
• Greater emphasis in financial planning on the prevention of damage rather than on compensation after it has occurred.
• Earlier consultation with contractors and local communities about project standards and completion schedules so that environmental and social concerns can be better incorporated into project design.
• Making compliance with environment and human rights standards a condition of eligibility for insurance against certain commercial losses
• Greater attention to possible moral hazards arising from project insurance, and
• Greater use of social and environmental impact assessment tools by rating agencies specializing in project finance, together with a widening of focus by these agencies to include an indication of the damage to lenders' reputations arising from a failure to meet social and environmental targets.
The research team, led by Professor Sheldon Leader of the University of Essex, conducted interviews with the full range of actors, including public and private lenders; borrowers; contractors; and organizations concerned with social and environmental impacts. The team also carried out three case studies in Central Africa, the Near East, and Latin America, and conducted an in-depth analysis of the wide range of literature on this financing technique.
The research indicates that key lenders of project finance in the public and private sectors are making increasing demands that projects be developed in a manner that is socially and environmentally responsible as a condition of their involvement, and so provide valuable leadership in the international investment community. However, Professor Leader warned that this leadership can be undermined by the policies of risk allocation that unduly insulate parent company responsibility; provide little meaningful prior consultation with or remedies for local populations affected by the project; and place responsibility on the shoulders of contractors that are thinly resourced and/or not involved in setting realistic targets for completion at the outset of project design.
Professor Leader commented "along with a code of practice, we have recommended changes to the legal instruments framing project finance aimed at improving their ability to deliver on social, environmental, and human rights objectives. These include strengthening developers' accountability to lenders; to the host state; and to individuals or groups of victims in the event of failure to meet project standards. This should make it easier for host states to meet their international environmental and social obligations; and can lead to recasting contracts so as to permit legal action by local individuals and groups damaged at the construction or operational phases of projects."
Source: Economic & Social Research Council
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text: Peter Hercek wrote: > Simon Peyton-Jones wrote: >> | > Windows and Haskell is not a well travelled route, but if you >> stray of >> | > the cuddly installer packages, it gets even worse. >> | >> | But it shouldn't. Really it shouldn't. Even though Windows is not my >> | preferred platform, it is by no means different enough to warrant such >> | additional complexity. Plus, GHC is developed at Microsoft, and the >> | currently most featureful Haskell IDE is on Windows... >> >> We build GHC on Windows every day. I use MSYS with no trouble. >> > > Are there any reasons to use mingw+msys instead of mingw+cygwin? The GHC build system supports both. The Cygwin route is usually more likely to work, because that's what the nightly builds use. MSYS is much faster than Cygwin for development work, though. Cheers, Simon


text:
Photographs from the NYC Subways
by Matt Licari
About the Book
Features & Details
- Category Fine Art Photography
Small Square, 7×7 in, 18×18 cm
58 Pages
- Publish Date Oct 17, 2012
- Tags matt licari, yekaterina voevodkin, kat kiernan, fine art, new york, black and white, photo, art, nyc, urban, street, reportage, film, subway, train, transit, travel, underground, people, journalism, photojournalism, editorial
About the Creator
Matt Licari was born in Manhattan, grew up in the Bronx, and spent several summers in Maine. He has traveled extensively, both domestically and internationally, and exhibits pictures made abroad in company with pictures made in America. His work explores urban, suburban, and rural subjects with an approach similar to that of a street photographer. He works primarily with a large-format view-camera, but occasionally employs handheld cameras. Licari received his BFA in photography from the School of Art + Design at SUNY Purchase in New York. He's worked as an archivist intern for the Guggenheim Museum and the Richard Avedon Foundation, worked with many artists and photographers, taught photography, guest-lectured at VCU, and worked as a lab technician, printer and retoucher. Licari has been widely shown (Sasha Wolf Gallery, Kris Graves Projects, The Neuberger Museum of Art, etc.) Matt Licari is the Programs Chair of ASMP in VA and is available for editorial and commercial assignments.
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