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|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|23 Dic 1980
|Fecha de presentación
|24 May 1978
|Fecha de prioridad
|24 May 1978
|También publicado como
|Número de publicación
|Robert J. Bailey
|Cesionario original
|Mobay Chemical Corporation
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (19), Citada por (38), Clasificaciones (36)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
This invention is an outgrowth of the development of molded polyurethane foam-backed fabrics (and, particularly carpets) which are sufficiently stiff upon demolding to retain their shape and yet are not so stiff that they crack when bent. The process for making such foamed-backed fabrics involves the application of a heat curable froth or foamable mixture of polyurethane reaction components to the back of a fabric. The polyurethane is then cured, normally under heat, to a tack-free, gelled state. The fabric is then cut into sized pieces and molded to the desired shape.
The general drawback to this process is the difficulty in formulation a system which can undergo the above mentioned steps in an industrial setting. Until now, it has not been possible to produce a tack-free, gelled foam backing which could be stored for long periods of time, be cut into a desired sized piece when needed, and molded in a reasonably short period of time into a molded part which will retain its shape while at the same time not being so stiff that it will crack if bent.
The general method of applying foam to a fabric substrate and subsequently molding the laminate into a desired shape is known e.g. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,175,936; 3,046,177; 3,440,307; 3,772,224; 3,849,156 and 3,175,936. None of these methods, however, permits the foam-backed fabric to be stored for prolonged periods and then be hot molded at a much later time into excellent contoured laminates.
In U.S. Pat. No. 3,860,537, a foam which is storable in a roll is produced and is capable of being molded at a later time. The method requires the use of a significant quantity of an ethylenically unsaturated polyester together with an ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with the polyester. The shortcoming of the process is that the curing/molding step requires molding times of 30-35 minutes (note Examples 1 and 10) which is an economically unacceptably long time. The patent also fails to suggest applying the foamable reaction mixture to the back of a fabric, or in fact to any substrate.
The present invention utilizes a hydroxy functional acrylate and a free radical initiator as a means of overcoming the lengthy mold time. The use of hydroxy functional acrylates is not new to the polyurethane art. For example, there are the polymer polyols e.g. U.S. pat. Nos. 3,383,351; 3,652,639; 3,523,093 and 3,576,706. There are a number of coating applications described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,975,457; 3,919,351; 3,989,609. There are also patents such as U.S. Pat. No. 3,954,584 directed to a photo polymerizable vinyl urethane composition and U.S. Pat. No. 4,052,282 directed to a photocurable bandage. However, as far as Applicant is aware, there is no prior art directed to the specific application of producing a curable and moldable polyurethane foam which has been applied to a fabric substrate.
The present invention provides a process for preparing molded polyurethane foam-backed fabric where the polyurethane reaction mixture can be applied to the fabric without significant reaction so that it can be easily handled. The fabric is then heated to form a gelled and tack-free foam laminate which can be stored for long periods of time prior to shaping and molding. In addition, the foam-backed fabric can be molded in very short cycle times of as little as 30 seconds to 1 minute and form a fabric with good shape retention.
The invention relates to a process for preparing a molded, polyurethane foam-backed fabric comprising the steps of:
(A) applying a foamable mixture or froth of polyurethane reaction components to the back of a fabric, said reaction components comprising
(1) a polyisocyanate;
(2) an organic compound containing at least two hydrogen atoms capable of reacting with isocyanate groups, having a molecular weight of between 400 and 16,000 and containing essentially no ethylenically unsaturated groups;
(3) hydroxy containing esters of acrylic or alkyl acrylic acids and preferably hydroxy acrylates of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R1 is an x+y valent, optionally branched, C1 -C18 alkylene, arylene or aralkylene group;
R2 is H or a C1 -C18 alkyl group
x and y are integers which may be the same or different and represent 1-8, with the proviso that x+y does not exceed 8;
(4) a free radical initiator;
(5) a heat activated catalyst for the reaction between components (1) and (2);
(6) a blowing agent, or inert gas for frothing;
(7) a surface active agent for foam stability;
(B) heating the coated fabric for from 15 seconds to 10 minutes at about 80°-250° F. to allow the polyurethane reaction to proceed to produce a gelled, tack-free polyurethane foam, and
(C) shaping and curing the resultant foam-backed fabric by a hot molding process.
The preferred hydroxy acrylates are those of the above mentioned formula in which R1 is C1 -C4 alkylene and R2 is H or --CH3, and x and y each equal 1. The most preferred materials are 2-hydroxy ethyl acrylate and 2-hydroxy propyl acrylate.
The hot molding process of step (C) can include placing the foam-backed fabric in a heated mold where at least the polyurethane side is subjected to temperatures of from 200° to 350° F. and a pressure of from 0.1 to 20 psi for anywhere from 15 seconds to 5 minutes. Alternatively, the foam-backed fabric can itself be heated to a temperature of from 200° to 350° F. and then shaped in an unheated mold under the same pressure and time conditions. The heating of the foam-backed fabric is preferably done while the fabric is laid out flat and can be accomplished by any of the methods commonly used in the art, such as forced hot air, infrared radiation, microwave radiation and the like.
The ability to store the fabric prior to shaping and molding and yet form a molded fabric with excellent properties is thought to be particularly due to the use of the hydroxy functional acrylate and free radical initiator which is primarily activated only at the molding temperature.
Suitable hydroxyl group containing esters include 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, hydroxyoctyl methacrylate and the like and mixtures thereof.
Also suitable are partially acrylated polyols such as pentaerythritol mono, di- and tri-acrylate, trimethylol propane diacrylate, mannitol acrylates, sucrose acrylates and the like. It would, of course, also be possible to alkoxylate a polyol to produce a polyether polyol and then to partially acrylate the polyether polyol with acrylic acid or an alkylacrylic acid. Various other hydroxy functional acrylates used in the present process and their methods of preparation are known. In general a diol or polyol is reacted with acrylic, methacrylic or other alkyl acrylic acids in amounts sufficient to form a compound containing at least one hydroxyl group, and at least one acrylate, methacrylate or alkyl acrylate group. Thus, any compound containing at least one hydroxyl group and at least one acrylate or alkyl substituted acrylate group would be effective. The acrylate can be used in amounts ranging from 0.5 to 50, preferably from 5 to 20 and most preferably from 8 to 15 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of component (2).
Suitable free radical initiators include those well known to initiate the polymerization of carbon-carbon double bonds and preferably which have a half-life of less than 1 minute at the molding temperatures. Such initiators include, for example, the peroxides, persulfates, perborates, percarbonates, azo compounds, etc., including hydrogen peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, benzoyl hydroperoxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, butyryl peroxide, diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, cumene, hydroperoxide, paramenthane hydroperoxide, diacetyl peroxide, di-α-cumyl peroxide, dipropyl peroxide, diisopropyl peroxide, isopropyl-t-butyl peroxide, butyl-t-butyl peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide, difuroyl peroxide, ditriphenylmethyl peroxide, bis(p-methoxybenzoyl)peroxide, p-monomethoxybenzoyl peroxide, rubrene peroxide, ascaridol, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, diethyl peroxyterephthalate, propyl hydroperoxide, isopropyl hydroperoxide, n-butyl hydroperoxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, cyclohexyl hydroperoxide, trans-Decalin hydroperoxide, α-methylbenzyl hydroperoxide, α-methyl-α-ethyl benzyl hydroperoxide. Tetralin hydroperoxide, triphenylmethyl hydroperoxide,diphenylmethyl hydroperoxide, α,α-azo-2-methyl butyronitrile, α,α-2-methyl heptonitrile, 1,1'-azo-1-cyclohexane carbonitrile, dimethyl α,α'-azoisobutyrate, 4,4'-azo-4-cyanopentanoic acid, azobis-(isobutyronitrile), persuccinic acid, diisopropyl peroxy dicarbonate, and the like; a mixture initiators may also be used. Azobis(isobutyronitrile) dissolved in a minimum amount of a suitable solvent is the preferred initiator.
It is preferred to use from 0.01 to 1 part of initiator per 100 parts by weight of component (2), most preferably from 0.05 to 0.5 part.
In addition to the hydroxy functional acrylate used in the present process, it is possible to use in addition thereto other hydroxy functional compounds containing ethylenically unsaturated groups. From 0 to 50 parts by weight per 100 parts of component 2 and, preferably from 8 to 15 parts can be used. Examples of such compounds include hydroxy terminated butadiene homopolymers, hydroxy-terminated butadiene-styrene copolymers and hydroxy terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers available from ARCO, trimethylol propane di-2-propenyl ether, and the like. These compounds are not in themselves sufficiently active to provide molded fabrics which are sufficiently stiff to retain their shapes. They also tend to be too insoluble in the polyol blend to be storage stable for any prolonged period of time.
While the process for making the polyurethane backed fabrics can generally utilize any known formulation for making polyurethane foams, certain preferred general formulations have been found to be most advantageous in optimizing the backed fabric properties. In general, in addition to the polyisocyanate, compounds containing active hydrogen atoms, silicone surfactant, heat activated catalyst and blowing agent or inert gas for frothing, it is useful to include a chain extender and substantial amounts of an inorganic filler.
As is known in the art, compounds useful in preparing polyurethane foams include organic compounds with at least two hydrogen atoms capable of reacting with isocyanates and having molecular weights of from about 400 to 16,000. The active hydrogen containing compounds used in the present invention should contain essentially no ethylenically unsaturated groups.
As is recognized in the art, most polyether polyols will contain very small amounts of terminal unsaturated groups. By "essentially no ethylenically unsaturated groups" is meant that component (2) does not contain so many ethylenically unsaturated groups that they begin to take a significant part in the free radical polymerization during step (C) with the carbon-carbon double bonds of the acrylate. Apart from compounds containing amino groups, thiol groups or carboxyl groups, compounds of this type which are preferred are polyhydroxyl compounds. Particularly preferred compounds are those containing 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups, and expecially those with molecular weights of from 800 to 10,000 (most preferably 1,000 to 6,000). Examples include, polyesters, polyethers, polythioethers, polyacetals, polycarbonates and polyesteramides containing at least 2 and generally 2 to 8 and preferably 2 to 4 hydroxyl groups, of the type known per se for the production of homogeneous and cellular polyurethanes.
Examples of suitable polyesters containing hydroxyl groups include reaction products of polyhydric, preferably dihydric, and, optionally, trihydric alcohols with polyvalent, preferably divalent carboxylic acids. Instead of the free polycarboxylic acids the corresponding polycarboxylic acid anhydrides or esters with lower alcohols or mixtures thereof may also be used for the production of the polyesters. The polycarboxylic acids may be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and/or heterocyclic, and may optionally be substituted, for example, by halogen atoms. Examples of these polycarboxylic acids are succinic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, trimellitic acid, phthalic acid anhydride, hexahydrophthalic acid anhydride, glutaric acid anhydride. Examples of suitable polyhydric alcohols include ethylene glycol, 1,2- and 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4- and 2,3-butylene glycol, 1,6-hexane diol, 1,8-octane diol, neopentyl glycol, cyclohexane dimethanol (1,4-bis-hydroxymethyl-cyclohexane), 2-methyl 1,3-propane diol, glycerol, trimethylol-propane, 1,2,6-hexane triol, 1,2,4-butane triol, trimethylolethane, pentaerythritol, quinitol, mannitol, sorbitol, methyl glycoside, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycols, dibutylene glycol and polybutylene glycols. The polyesters may contain terminal carboxyl groups. Polyesters glycols of lactones, for example, ε-caprolactone, or hydroxycarboxylic acids, for example, Ω-hydroxycaproic acid, may also be used.
Polyethers containing at least two and usually two to eight, and preferably two to three hydroxyl groups suitable for use in accordance with the invention, include those obtained by the polymerization of epoxides, such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, styrene oxide or epichlorohydrin, for example, in the presence of BF3, or by the chemical addition of these epoxides to starting components with reactive hydrogen atoms, such as water, ethylene glycol, 1,2- or 1,3-propylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylpropane, aniline, ammonia, ethanolamine and ethylene diamine, tolylene diamine 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane, and the like. In many cases, it is preferred to use polyethers of the type which contain primary OH-groups (e.g., either by tipping the polyol with ethylene oxide or by using a polyether containing as much as 90% by weight of primary OH groups or based on all the OH-groups present in the polyether).
Among the polythio-ethers usable are included the condensation products of thiodiglycol with itself and/or with other glycols, dicarboxylic acids, formaldehyde, aminocarboxylic acids or aminoalcohols. Depending on the cocomponents, these products are polythio-mixed ethers, polythio-ether esters or polythio-ether ester amides.
Suitable polyacetals include those compounds which may be obtained from glycols, such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and hexane diol, and formaldehyde. Polyacetals suitable for the purposes of the invention may also be obtained by polymerizing cyclic acetals.
Suitable polycarbonates containing hydroxyl groups include those obtainable by reacting diols, such as 1,3-propane diol, 1,4-butane diol and/or 1,6-hexane diol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol, with diarylcarbonates, such as diphenylcarbonate or phosgene.
Examples of polyester amides and polyamides include the predominantly linear condensates obtained from polyvalent saturated carboxylic acids or their anhydrides and polyhydric, saturated amino alcohols, diamines, polyamines and mixtures thereof.
Polyhydroxyl compounds already containing urethane or urea groups and modified natural polyols, such as castor oil, carbohydrates and starch, may also be used. The addition products of alkylene oxides with phenol-formaldehyde resins or even with urea-formaldehyde resins may also be used in accordance with the invention.
Further examples of suitable active hydrogen containing compounds are known and can be found, e.g., in High Polymers, Vol. XVI, "Polyurethanes, Chemistry and Technology" by Saunders-Frisch, Interscience Publishers, New York, London Vol. I, 1962, pages 32 to 42, and Vol. II, 1964, pages 5 to 6 and 198 and 199, and in Kunststoff-Handbuch, Vol. VII, Vieweg-Hochtlen, Carl-Hanser-Verlag Munich, 1966, pages 45 to 71.
The most preferred high molecular weight compounds containing active hydrogen groups are polyethers with a high primary hydroxyl content. They include compounds having a molecular weight of from about 400 to 10,000, and preferably from 2,000 to 6,000, and having hydroxyl numbers of from about 15 to 100, and preferably from 28 to 56.
Polyesters are generally not preferred because of their hydrolytic instability.
It is preferred but not necessary that a chain extender be used in the resin formulation. Such extenders include compounds having molecular weights of from 32 to about 400 which contain at least two hydrogen atoms capable of reacting with isocyanates. These include compounds containing hydroxyl groups and/or amino groups and/or thiol groups and/or carboxyl groups, and preferably compounds containing hydroxyl groups and/or amino groups. They generally contain from 2 to 8 hydrogen atoms capable of reacting with isocyanates, and preferably contain 2 or 3 such hydrogen atoms. The following are mentioned as examples of such compounds: ethylene glycol; propylene glycol--(1,2) and --(1,3); butylene glycol --(1,4), --(1,3) and --(2,3); pentanediol-(1,5); hexanediol-(1,6); octanediol-(1,8); neopentylglycol; 1,4-bis-hydroxymethylcyclohexane; 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol; glycerol; trimethylolpropane; hexanetriol-(1,2,6); trimethylolethane; pentaerythritol; quinitol; mannitol and sorbitol; diethylene glycol; triethylene glycol; tetraethylene glycol; polyethylene glycols having a molecular weight of up to 400; dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycols having a molecular weight of up to 400; dibutylene glycol; polybutylene glycols having a molecular weight of up to 400; 4,4'-dihydroxy diphenylpropane; di(hydroxyethyl)hydroquinone; ethanolamine; diethanolamine; triethanolamine; 3-aminopropanol; ethylenediamine-1,3-diaminopropane; 1-mercapto-3-aminopropane; 4-hydroxyphthalic acid or 4-aminophthalic acid; succinic acid, adipic acid; hydrazine; N,N'-dimethylhydrazine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, tolylene diamine and diethyl tolylene diamine. Mixtures of these various compounds may also be used.
These extenders may generally be used in, amounts varying from about 0.5 to about 30 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 15, based on the total amount of above-mentioned higher molecular weight active hydrogen containing compound (2).
The isocyanates suitable for the process according to the invention include essentially any organic polyisocyanate such as aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic polyisocyanates of the type known and described, for example, by W. Siefken in Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 562, pages 75 to 136. Specific examples include ethylene diisocyanate; 1,4-tetramethylene diisocyanate; 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate; 1,12-dodecane diisocyanate; cyclobutane-1,3-diisocyanate; cyclohexane-1,3- and 1,4-diisocyanate, and mixtures of these isomers; 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethyl-cyclohexane (German Auslegeschrift No. 1,202,785); 2,4- and 2,6-hexahydrotolylene diisocyanate, and mixtures of these isomers; hexahydro-1,3- and/or 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate; perhydro-2,4' and/or -4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate; 1,3- and 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate; 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, and mixtures of these isomers; diphenylmethane 2,4'-and/or -4,4'-diisocyanate; naphthylene-1,5-diisocyanate; triphenylmethane-4,4',4"-triisocyanate; polyphenylpolymethylene polyisocyanates of the type obtained by condensing aniline with formaldehyde, followed by phosgenation and described, for example, in the British Pat. Nos. 874,430 and 848,671; perchlorinated arylpolyisocyanates of the types described, for example, in German Auslegeschrift No. 1,157,601; polyisocyanates containing carbodiimide groups of the type described in German Pat. No. 1,092,007; diisocyanates of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,492,330; polyisocyanates containing allophanate groups of the type described, for example, in British Patent 994,890, Belgian Pat. No. 761,626 and published Dutch Patent Application No. 7,102,524; polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate groups of the type described, for example, in German Pat. Nos. 1,022,789; 1,222,067 and 1,027,394 and German Offenlegungsschriften Nos. 1,929,034 and 2,004,048; polyisocyanates containing urethane groups of the type described, for example, in Belgian Pat. No. 752,261 or U.S. Pat. No. 3,394,164; polyisocyanates containing acylated urea groups as disclosed in German Pat. No. 1,230,778; polyisocyanates containing biuret groups of the type described, for example, in British Pat. No. 956,474 and 1,072,956, U.S. Pat. No. 3,567,763 and German Pat. No. 1,231,688; and reaction products of the aforementioned isocyanates with acetals as described in German Pat. No. 1,072,385. It is also possible to use the distillation residues containing isocyanate groups accumulating in the commercial production of isocyanates, optionally dissolved in one or more of the aforementioned polyisocyanates. It is also possible to use mixtures of the aforementioned polyisocyanates.
In general, it is preferred to use the readily available polyisocyanate such as 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate and mixtures of these isomers ("TDI"). Particularly preferred are polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates, of the type obtained by aniline-formaldehyde condensation and subsequent phosgenation ("crude MDI") in various isomeric distributions. The functionality of the crude MDI may vary from 2.0 to 4.0 but is preferably from 2.5 to 3.0. The volatility of tolylene diisocyanate generally deters its advantageous use under many circumstances.
Also suitable are polyisocyanates containing carbodiimide groups, urethane groups, allophanate groups, isocyanurate groups, urea groups or biuret groups ("modified polyisocyanates").
Isocyanate terminated prepolymers may also be used in the process of the invention. Such prepolymers are made by reacting a stoichiometric excess of a polyisocyanate with an active hydrogen containing compound. Blocked isocyanates which may be formed by adding a monofunctional organic compound such as phenol to a polyisocyanate may also be used.
In general, it is preferred that the foam index (eq. of NCO/ eq. of active hydrogens) be in the range from about 100 to about 200, and preferably from 125 to 150.
A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is the pre-reacting of at least part of the polyisocyanate used as component (1) with the hydroxy functional acrylate, component (3). Acrylates are known irritants to a number of susceptible people. Thus, by this method, the acrylate need only be handled once and need not be contained as a volatile component in the resin blend system which is often transported from the manufacturer to the processor as a blend. This prepolymer can be prepared by reacting all or part of the polyisocyanate with the hydroxy acrylate under typical conditions known for the preparation of NCO-terminated prepolymers with other hydroxy functional compounds.
It is preferred to prepare a froth of the reaction components rather than using blowing techniques normally used to make foams i.e. with the use of water and/or Freon. Froths are normally prepared by dispersing an inert gas throughout the reaction mixture to form a heat curable froth. With the use of heat activated catalysts, the froth is basically structurally and chemically stable and workable at ambient conditions. Frothing techniques are well known and are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,108,976; 3,849,156 and 3,772,224. Sufficient air or inert gas is included to produce foams of desired density. The density of the froth is essentially the same as the foam product.
Readily volatile organic substances may be also used as blowing agents in the production of the polyurethane foams. Suitable organic blowing agents include halogen-substituted alkanes, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, ethylidene chloride, vinylidene chloride, monofluorotrichloromethane, chlorodifluoromethane, and dichlorodifluoromethane; butane; hexane; heptane; or diethylether. A blowing effect, may also be obtained by adding compounds which decompose spontaneously at temperatures above room temperature, giving off gases such as nitrogen. Further examples of blowing agents and details of the use of blowing agents may be found in Kunststoff-Handbuch Vol. VII, published by Vieweg and Hoechtlen, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Munich 1966, for example, on pages 108 and 109, 453 to 455 and 507 to 510. These blowing agents may be used in amounts from 0 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts of components (2), (3), (4), (5) and (7).
When using the amidine heat activated catalysts discussed below, it is preferred to use a carboxylic acid (preferably aliphatic and optionally halogen substituted) with from 1-30 carbon atoms and which may be mono or difunctional. They may be used exclusively or in addition to the above mentioned blowing agents. Particularly preferred among this group are oleic acid, lauric acid, trichloroacetic acid, cyanoacetic acid, phthalic acid, adipic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, fumaric, isophthalic, terephthalate, ricinoleic, stearic, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, ω-hydroxy caproic acid and polyesters of dicarboxylic acids and glycols which have a high acid number. These acids may be used in amounts varying from 0 to about 5 parts by weight per 100 parts of Components (2), (3), (4), (5) and (7) preferably from 0.01 to 2 parts by weight. It is also preferred to use in addition thereto from 0 to about 1 part by weight of water, most preferably from 0 to 0.1 part by weight.
Any of the many catalysts known in and/or used polyurethane chemistry may be used, including organo-tin compounds; tertiary amines; tertiary amines containing hydrogen atoms which can react with isocyanate groups; silamines with carbon-silicon bonds; nitrogen containing bases; alkali metal hydroxides, phenolates or alcoholates; hexahydrotriazines and the like. However, it is preferred to use a heat activated catalyst e.g. bicyclic and monocyclic amidine catalysts; nickel acetylacetonate or Union Carbide's LC 5613; catalysts produced by Witco (particularly UL 29); and Dabco WT and the like. Amidine catalysts are preferred. In fact, in order to allow for a reasonable working time in which the reaction mixture will remain stable and workable while it is being spread on the fabric, it is best only to use a heat activated catalyst.
Cyclic amidines usable as catalysts or accelerators in the instant invention are known and are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,814,707. They are generally used in quantities of from about 0.001 to about 10 percent by weight, preferably from about 0.1 to about 5, and most preferably from about 0.3 to about 1 percent by weight (based on all the components). Suitable bicyclic amidines include compounds of the following general formula: ##STR2## wherein m=2 or 3 and n=3, 4 or 5.
Suitable monocyclic amidines include compounds of the following general formula: ##STR3## in which R represents an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic group with 1 to 15 carbon atoms which may be branched and/or may contain hetero atoms. Examples of R include methyl, cyclohexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, benzyl, cyclohexylmethyl, ethoxy, or a group of the following formula: ##STR4## 2,3-Dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine and 1,5-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-5-ene are preferred catalysts according to the invention.
According to the invention, surface-active additives (emulsifiers and foam stabilizers) may also be used. Examples of emulsifiers include the sodium salts of castor oil sulphonates or of fatty acids or salts of fatty acids with amines, such as diethylamine/oleic acid or diethanol-amine/stearic acid. Alkali or ammonium salts of sulphonic acids, such as those of dodecyl-benzene sulphonic acid or dinaphthylmethane disulphonic acid, or even of fatty acids, such as ricinoleic acid, or of polymeric fatty acids, may also be used as surface-active additives.
Suitable foam stabilizers include water-soluble polyether siloxanes. These compounds are generally of such structure that a copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is attached to a polydimethylsiloxane radical. Foam stabilizers of this type are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,201,372, Column 3, line 60 to Column 4, line 3. From 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a stabilizer per 100 parts of Component (2) are generally used.
It is particularly useful to use anywhere from 0 to about 500 parts by weight and preferably from 300 to 500 parts by weight per 100 parts of Component (2) of an inorganic filler in finely divided form, (e.g. with a particle size from 0.3 to 80 μm). Suitable inorganic fillers include e.g. barium sulphate (baryta) calcium carbonate (chalk), alumina trihydrate, kieselguhr and clays (e.g. kaolin), silica talc, quarts, ground shale, fly ash microspheres and the like. The use of a filler is not only advantageous for improving the general backing properties but also significantly enables the fabric to comply with burn tests, such as the Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 302, without the use of fire retardants, and improves the economics of the process. In general, the filler must be mixed, mechanically or otherwise, with the other resin blend components in a separate operation. Barium sulphates, calcium carbonate and alumina trihydrate are preferred.
According to the invention, it is also possible to use reaction retarders such as hydrochloric acid or organic acid halides; cell regulators such as paraffins or fatty alcohols or dimethyl polysiloxanes; pigments or dyes; flameproofing agents such as trischloroethylphosphate or ammonium phosphate and polyphosphate; stabilizers against the effects of ageing and weather; plasticizers; substances with fungistatic and bacteriostatic effects.
It has also been found advantageous to use an antioxidant in amounts varying from 0 to 0.5 part by weight per 100 parts of Components (2), (3), (4), (5) and (7). Examples include 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), hydroquinone, 4-t-butylcatechol, resorcinol, and 4-methoxyphenol (MEHQ).
Further examples of the surface-active additives and foam stabilizers optionally used in accordance with the invention, and of cell regulators, reaction retarders, stabilizers, flameproofing agents, plasticizers, dyes, fillers, substances with fungistatic and bacteriostatic effects, and details on the way in which these additives are to be used and how they work, are known and may be found, i.e., in Kunststoff-Handbuch, Vol. VI, published by Vieweg and Hochtlen, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Munich, 1966, pages 103 to 113.
It is also preferred in some instances, to use dehydrating or water-binding agents in the process of the instant invention. The presently preferred agents are the alkali metal alumino-silicates (so-called molecular sieves) such as those known under the trade name "Zeolite" and described e.g. in U.S. Pat. No. 3,326,844. The oxides of calcium and barium may also be used. The dehydrating agents are generally used in a quantity sufficient to ensure that the maximum quantity of mositure which can be carried in with the fillers will be from about 1 to about 10% by weight, based on the polyurethane. It is preferred to use a Zeolite paste, particularly a sodium aluminum silicate as a 50% suspension in castor oil.
According to the instant invention, the reactants may be reacted together in a known manner by the one-step, prepolymer, semi-prepolymer or frothing process, often using mechanical devices such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,764,565 are used. Details concerning suitable processing apparatus may be found, e.g., in Kunststoff-Handbuch, Volume VI, published by Vieweg and Hochtlen, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Munich, 1966, pages 121 to 205.
Essentially any fabric may be used in the instant invention. They may be woven, non-woven, knitted, spun bonded, or felted, and made of natural or synthetic fibers and/or filaments. It is preferred, however, to use carpet type materials. The type of carpeting which is generally contemplated by the present invention includes any conventional carpet backing material (e.g., jute or polypropylene) and the fibers can be mechanically anchored to the first backing by any conventional means (e.g., by sewing, tufting or needle punching). The fibers can be composed of any conventional carpeting material (e.g., cotton, rayon, wool, nylon, acrylonitrile polymers, vinyl halide polymers, etc.). The fibers can be in any suitable form (e.g., in the form of pile yarns threaded through the first backing having cut or looped pile faces on the front side of the first backing). The froth can be applied to the first backing by any suitable procedure (e.g., knife coating). The backing can have any desired thickness (e.g., from 1/16 to 178 inch).
The reactive mass may either flow onto a suitable conveyor belt in front of a doctor knife and the fabric allowed to run thereon (reverse coating), or the mixture may be applied directly to the fabric in front of a doctor knife.
Any number of known pieces of equipment may be used to carry out the invention, e.g., low pressure mixheads with solvent flushes, conveyor means, heated molds, ovens and the like.
The polyurethane foam layer which results from the present process is generally between about 1 and about 25 mm thick and has a closed surface skin. The foam density will vary anywhere from 10 to 100, preferably 20 to 60 and most preferably from 30 to 50 lbs./ft3.
The time, temperature, pressure and formulation parameters are all interdependent and the various choices will depend on the particular properties to be engineered. The following examples serve to explain the process of the invention. All parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated. In the examples, the following materials were used:
Polyol A is an ethylene oxide tripped polypropylene glycol with a molecular weight of 4800 and an OH number of 35.
Polyol B is a modified version of Polyol A with a Mw of 6000 and an OH number of 28.
DEG is diethylene glycol.
L6202 and
L 5612 are Union Carbide polysiloxane surfactants.
The catalyst is ##STR5## HEA is 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate. HPA is 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate.
AIBN is azobis (isobutyronitrile).
Zeolith T Paste is a sodium-aluminum silicate type paste used as a dessicant.
CS-15 is a hydroxy terminated polybutadiene-styrene copolymer available from ARCO.
R45HT is a hydroxy terminated polybutadiene homopolymer available from ARCO.
Polyisocyanates A and B are polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanates with NCO contents of 31.5% and functionalities averaging from 2.6 to 2.7.
Polyisocyanate C is a polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate with carbodiimide and uretonimine modification with a 30% NCO content and a functionality of about 2.
Polyisocyanate D is a liquid modified diphenyl methane diisocyanate with an NCO content of 22.6%.
The following method was followed in preparing the foam-backed carpets from the formulations mentioned in the Table below. All of the components except the filler and isocyanate were pre-blended. The filler (e.g., barium sulfate) was then mixed with the liquid resin blend via a feed hopper and static mixer. The polyisocyanate was then blended with the resin/filler in a mixhead. The effluent from the mixhead ran through a pipe into which an air nozzle is placed for injecting air into the mixture. The air-reactive component mix was then homogenized in a froth producing mixer.
The froth was dispensed onto the carpet via a reciprocating applicator and was evenly spread over the carpet by a doctor knife. The carpet was then placed in a heated oven for curing for about 4 minutes at an oven temperature of about 110° C.
At this point, the polyurethane backing was fully foamed and was in a tack-free gelled state. It could be stored in rolls for substantial periods of time. When a piece of moldable carpet is needed, the proper sized piece was cut off from the roll. In the present case, the piece was placed in a heated mold, under pressure, for the period of time indicated and then removed.
__________________________________________________________________________ POLY- POLY- Di- ISO ISOPOLY- Cumyl CYA- CYA-OL Oleic Acetic Cat- Perox- Barium NATE NATEA CS15 R45HT DEG Acid Acid L6202 alyst HEA HPA ide AIBN Sulfate A B Index__________________________________________________________________________1 90 -- 10 -- -- .25 1.0 0.3 10 -- -- 0.1 320 -- 21 1102 90 -- 10 -- -- .25 1.0 0.3 -- 10 -- 0.1 320 -- 20 1103 95 -- -- 7 1.0 -- 1.0 0.3 3 -- -- 0.1 320 -- 29 1104 95 -- -- 7 1.0 -- 1.0 0.3 5 -- -- 0.1 320 -- 32 1105 95 -- -- 7 1.0 -- 1.0 0.3 10 -- -- 0.1 320 -- 38 1106 95 -- -- 7 1.0 -- 1.0 0.3 -- 10 -- 0.1 320 -- 36 1107 90 10 -- -- -- .25 1.0 0.3 10 -- 0.1 -- 320 -- 21 1108 85 15 -- -- -- .25 1.0 0.3 10 -- -- 0.1 320 -- 25 1309 85 15 -- -- -- .25 1.0 0.3 10 -- -- 0.1 320 25 -- 130__________________________________________________________________________
In Examples 1-6, the carpet was post shaped in a mold heated to 320° F. and pressed at 0.5 psi for approximately one minute. The carpets had been stored for three weeks following the initial spreading of the polyurethane reaction mixture onto the back of the carpet.
Each finished product had good to excellent moldability, stiffness and yet were flexible enough not to crack when flexed. They also had very good mold definition (i.e., the final foam surface duplicated the inside of the mold).
In Examples 7-9, the carpets had been stored for five weeks and were similarly molded but at a mold temperature of 280° F. Comparable results to the carpets of Examples 1-6 were obtained.
The use of only 3 or 5 parts of hydroxy ethyl acrylate in Examples 1 and 3 or 5 parts of hydroxy propyl acrylate in Examples 2 and 6 resulted in products with poorer moldability which were too soft to retain their molded shape.
Experiments similar to Examples 3-6 using polyisocyanate C at a 110 index also did not mold well. This is presumably due to the isocyanate's lower functionality.
Experiments similar to Examples 2 and 3 using 3, 5 and 10 parts of trimethylol propane di-2-propenyl ether ##STR6## also resulted in foams without good shape retention. Apparently, only those compounds with carbon-carbon double bonds which are activated by a proximate carbonyl group (e.g. acrylates, methacrylates etc.) are effective.
The following formulation has been found to be particularly useful in preparing excellent molded fabrics by the same general method outlined in the above examples
______________________________________Polyol B 88DEG 12HEA 10L5612 4.0AIBN .3Catalyst .45Oleic Acid 1.0BaSO.sub.4 320Polyisocyanate D 100 (Index = 150)______________________________________
To 660 parts by weight of a polymethane polyphenyl polyisocyanate (85% dinuclear polymeric isocyanate, 15% wt. and higher nuclear and 10% of the dinuclear being 2,4' isomer) were added 125 parts by weight 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate at 40° C. over 10 minutes. The reaction mixture exothermed to 90° C. The batch was cooled to 80° C. and held at that temperature for one hour. The reaction product had an NCO content of 21.9%. This prepolymer can be effectively used as the isocyanate component (1) in the process of the present invention in the absence of additional hydroxy acrylate to form excellent molded foam-backed fabrics.
The foam-backed carpets in Examples 1-11 can survive the following physical testing conditions without suffering cracking.
(1) Heat ageing for 14 days at 70° C.;
(2) Cold ageing for 14 days at -30° C.;
(3) humid ageing for 72 hours at 35° C. and 100% relative humidity.
|Patente citada
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|Gen Motors Corp
|Method for making embossed decorative articles
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|Gen Motors Corp
|Process for embossing decorative articles
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|12 Dic 1961
|Mobay Chemical Corp
|Shaping polyurethane plastics
|31 Mar 1958
|24 Jul 1962
|C H Masland And Sons
|Method of applying polyurethane foam to the backs of carpets and equipment therefor
|15 Oct 1956
|17 Sep 1963
|Agricola Reg Trust
|Method of forming a smooth surface on expanded plastic
|14 Mar 1962
|30 Mar 1965
|Method of preparing laminated foam articles
|8 Jul 1963
|5 Oct 1965
|Allen Ind
|Process for making patterned foam padding material
|20 May 1966
|16 Abr 1968
|West Point Pepperell Inc
|Limp and drapeable polyurethane foam sheeting and method of making it
|7 Jul 1965
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|Pepperell Mfg Company
|Method of and apparatus for providing a polyurethane foam with a dense surface layer
|5 Ago 1965
|22 Abr 1969
|West Point Pepperell Inc
|Method and apparatus for applying polyurethane foam backing to fabrics
|22 Jun 1966
|1 Jul 1969
|Textile Rubber & Chem Co
|Process of making padding material
|9 Jul 1965
|30 Jun 1970
|Diersch & Schroder
|Method and apparatus for making foam backed carpets
|3 Sep 1964
|4 Ago 1970
|Paul Stamberger
|Method of producing polyurethanes by reacting polyisocyanate with a preformed polymer resulting from polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers
|25 Jul 1968
|27 Abr 1971
|Mobay Chemical Corp
|Carpet underlay
|20 Nov 1969
|28 Mar 1972
|Basf Wyandotte Corp
|Graft copolymers of acrylonitrile on unsaturated polyols
|11 Ago 1972
|19 Nov 1974
|Union Carbide Corp
|Process for providing a backing on carpets
|7 Ago 1972
|14 Ene 1975
|Ici Ltd
|Process for preparing a foamed shaped article
|21 Ene 1958
|The Kendall Company
|Decorative laminated foam rubber product and method of making same
|8 Mar 1973
|13 Sep 1973
|Kornylac Co
|Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von geschaeumten bauplatten
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|Detroit Gasket & Mfg. Co.
|Method of forming reinforced foam structure
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|2 Abr 1985
|Basf Aktiengesellschaft
|Cellular, molded polyurethane parts, process for their preparation by thermoforming of polyester-urethane foam and their use
|14 Oct 1987
|30 May 1989
|C. H. Masland & Sons
|In situ pattern molding and adhesion of PVC heel pad blanks to automotive carpeting without dielectric means
|14 Ago 1987
|26 Jun 1990
|Basf Corporation
|Low temperature stable polymethylene polyphenylene polyisocyanates
|20 Dic 1990
|14 Abr 1992
|The Dow Chemical Company
|Polyurethane carpet-backing process based on soft segment prepolymers of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI)
|11 Ene 1991
|15 Jun 1993
|Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
|Process for the production of open-cell, cold-formable rigid polyurethane foams and their use for the production of molded articles
|12 Oct 1993
|14 Feb 1995
|Namba Corporation
|Method for making a formed laminate of collapsed foam
|23 Jun 1994
|2 Sep 1997
|Eduard Kusters Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co. Kg
|Molded part and method of its production
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|Second Chance Body Armor, Inc.
|Blunt force resistant structure for a protective garment
|6 Feb 1997
|26 Oct 1999
|Namba Corporation
|Apparatus for making formed laminate
|28 Ago 1996
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|The Dow Chemical Company
|Carpet backing precoats, laminate coats, and foam coats prepared from polyurethane formulations including fly ash
|3 Oct 1997
|5 Sep 2000
|Hehr International Inc.
|Modified rigid, foamable urethane composition and method
|14 Jul 1998
|9 Ene 2001
|Bayer Antwerp N.V.
|Polyurethane carpet backings with improved tuft bind
|16 Dic 1999
|7 Ago 2001
|The Dow Chemical Company
|Polyurethane foams prepared from mechanically frothed polyurethane dispersions
|8 Ene 1999
|17 Sep 2002
|Hehr International Inc.
|Polyurethane, foam-polyester composite structure and method
|20 Jul 2000
|10 Dic 2002
|Steelcase Development Corporation
|Partition wall system
|3 Dic 1999
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|The Dow Chemical Company
|Aqueous polyurethane dispersions useful for preparing polymers with improved moisture resistance properties
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|The Dow Chemical Company
|Carpet backing precoats, laminate coats, and foam coats prepared from polyurethane formulations including fly ash
|4 Jun 1999
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|Foam Products Corporation
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|Dow Global Technologies, Inc.
|Aqueous polyurethane dispersions useful for preparing polymers with improved moisture resistance properties
|12 Ago 2010
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|Boral Ip Holdings Llc
|Filled polyurethane composites and methods of making same
|14 Feb 2014
|6 Dic 2016
|Boral Ip Holdings Llc
|Polyurethane composite materials
|5 Oct 2012
|29 Ago 2017
|Boral Ip Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited
|Inorganic polymer/organic polymer composites and methods of making same
|5 Ago 2014
|5 Sep 2017
|Boral Ip Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited
|Filled polymeric composites including short length fibers
|28 Ago 2002
|26 Dic 2002
|Schrock Alan K.
|Process for preparing carpets having polyurethane backings obtained from polyurethane latex formulations
|19 Dic 2002
|8 May 2003
|Moore Douglas R.
|Aqueous polyurethane dispersions useful for preparing polymers with improved moisture resistance properties
|21 Jul 2005
|25 Ene 2007
|Lear Corporation
|Additives to spray urethane
|29 Nov 2005
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|Henri Mispreuve
|Polyurethane Foam
|19 Dic 2008
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|Basf Se
|Moldings of support materials comprising foamable reactive resin
|30 Abr 2009
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|Evonik Degussa Gmbh
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|Boral Material Technologies Inc.
|Filled polyurethane composites and methods of making same
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|Boral Material Technologies Inc.
|Filled polyurethane composites and methods of making same
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|Century-Board Usa, Llc
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|SANYO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, Ltd.
|Polyurethane foam, process for producing the same, and foam forming composition
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|Clasificación de EE.UU.
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|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
|Clasificación europea


text:
Trouble installing Slackware 13.37 x64 to a USB drive
I'm attempting to install Slackware to a USB to use in a home server. I've encrypted the root partition (separate /boot, unencrypted), built my initrd.gz using the mkinitrd_command_generator.sh script provided by AlienBOB, and tried my best at configuring Lilo, but it failing. From what I can tell, all the modules start loading as normal, it panics:
mount: mounting ServerRoot on /mnt failed: no such file or directory
After this 7 or 8 more kernel messages appear and appears as though it finishes initializing all the USB stuff and correctly stating that it has found sda1 and sda2 (/boot and / partition, respectively).
Because I don't know how to have Slackware copy all the boot messages and I'm too lazy to type, here's a picture of what I'm getting.
So it looks to be a timing issue to me since sda is being correctly read, just after the kernel tries to mount it. After searching a little bit, I tried using the rootdelay=[some number] in my lilo.conf, both in the global append section and appending to a particular entry, but it doesn't appear to affect the boot process at all (last number I tried was 500).
Any suggestions would be welcome.
Edit for a little clarity: regardless of what number I set for "rootdelay=", the system takes the same time to boot.
Have you read Didier Spaier's how-to?
Interesting article, I never knew that you could "test" lilo, that would have definitely saved me some time. One thing I noticed from that is that "rootdelay=" is supposed to be in seconds (which is what I thought, so that is confirmed) but my system seems to not be waiting according to that. On my system, a delay of 500 takes the same amount of time as if it were set to 10.
So I reinstalled Slackware to the thumb drive without encryption (to remove some variables) and tried it out again, without luck. After some more internet searches, I found a solution that someone used for GRUB where they added in an extra script with a sleep command and it worked out for them, and it got me thinking. So I rebooted with the install media, mounted my USB drive and started poking around in /boot. Found a file called "wait-for-root' under /boot/initrd-tree/, the contents of this file are below:
So I'm calling this problem 99% solved because I'm not sure how it will act with encryption. I'll have that tested by the end of the weekend.
Update: problem is basically solved now, although apparently I'm missing the module needed to use my USB keyboard to input the password for the encrypted drive (that should be a little easier to solve).
A note to anyone else that may have a problem similar to this in the future:
If rootdeley has no effect (or rootdelay doesn't work), use mkinitrd with the -w [time in seconds] option, works like a charm!
|All times are GMT -5. The time now is 09:14 PM.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Whom do we trust to decide how to best spend our public dollars, the people or the politicians?
Across the state, politicians are saying to voters, "Trust us," to decide whether local governments should risk millions or billions of dollars getting into the retail electricity business. Just a few weeks ago, more than a million Californians said, "Not so fast."
The Taxpayer Right to Vote Act ---- Proposition 16 ---- qualified for the June ballot with the support of 1.1 million Californians who signed petitions asking for a vote to close a loophole in California law. The loophole allows local governments to borrow or spend virtually unlimited amounts of public money without voter approval to get into the electricity business.
The way it is now, local politicians must ask for voter approval before they raise taxes or borrow money for special purposes, except for money spent on government forays into the retail electricity business. The Taxpayers Right to Vote Act would close this loophole and require proposals to commit public dollars for local governments to get into the retail electricity business to go before the voters, just like other proposals that require the public to repay long-term government debt. And like other major local infrastructure bond or special tax decisions, the appropriate two-thirds vote would be required.
Politicians must ask for our approval at the ballot box before they can borrow money secured by bonds to build a police station, a new firehouse, a park, roads or transit lines. This approval process is a powerful incentive for the politicians to do their homework, and do the math, before they move forward with public borrowing and spending.
California voters have been generous with their tax dollars when the plans presented were sound. If they are presented with a good, well-considered plan at the right time for their community, they will approve it. The voters deserve that choice.
But even though the retail electricity business is financially risky and technically challenging, all the politicians have to do right now is convince each other it is a good idea. They do not need to ask the voters whether it is a good idea.
Asking politicians on their own to resist acquiring more political power and expanding their own bureaucracy is, as recent California history teaches us, too much to ask. That's why when it comes to spending our money, taking on new debt that we must ultimately repay, and risking disruption in a basic service like electricity, the voters should have the final say.
And don't forget, a commitment to spend public money or debt to get government into the electricity business is also a potential long-term commitment to expanding the already bloated rolls of government employees ---- including new unfunded pension and health care liabilities which we can ill afford.
The politicians are predictably angry that voters seek to close this loophole and take away the blank check the politicians now hold to spend our money. The politicians have counter-attacked ---- blaming a utility for funding the measure and claiming that the plan will hinder efforts to promote green power.
The first attack from the politicians is irrelevant, and the second is untrue.
It is certainly correct ---- PG&E and other utilities will be protected from capricious political takeovers if the Taxpayers Right to Vote Act passes. The power to take over private utilities will now rest with the voters themselves, not the politicians. If a public power plan makes financial sense, voters will have the right to approve it.
The attack claiming the measure hinders green energy efforts is simply untrue. The initiative specifically allows investments in clean, renewable energy to proceed under current rules.
But if there is one thing politicians are good at, it is politics. So expect more political spin like this.
We ask you to look beyond the rhetoric of politicians protecting their own power and see what this measure really does. It gives voters the right to decide how their money is spent.
At the end of the day, public money belongs to the public. And whom do we trust the most to decide how to spend it ---- the voters or the politicians?
CRAIG BAUMANN is vice president of the San Diego Tax Fighters.


text:
As of right now, these builds do not include Hover. The ParanoidAndroid team is still cleaning up the source code and will release it when they see fit. As soon as they do, I'll include it in my builds. Pie AND Peek are now included.
I've been making nightly builds of ParanoidAndroid for a while, and I figured I might as well share them for anyone who's interested. Some people are interested in just the latest nightlies with the merged codes from the gerrit, and for them I have a clean build with exactly that. Whatever changes are officially merged in gerrit are in these nightlies. However, I know some people, including myself, are also interested in using Halo on my Nexus 5. For those people, I also have a build that is exactly the same, but with Halo added. Download whichever you're interested in!
I didn't change anything from the PA team, so the kernel and everything else is the PA team's work. Depending on the latest merges, I may or may not edit a few lines so that Halo still works with the newest changes.
Your warranty is now void. Use at your own risk.
In other words: It is your choice to use this software,
I am not responsible for any damage or problems you may have.
For the latest changes added, check the merged section of the PA gerrit, found here. You can also check my most recent post in the thread. With every new build, I'll post a changelog and direct link to the builds in the thread.
Installation instructions:
Coming from another ROM
1. Do a nandroid backup (enter recovery -> backup)
2. Wipe system, data, and cache
3. Flash ROM + Gapps
4. Reboot and enjoy
Coming from official ParanoidAndroid or an older nightly
1. Do a nandroid backup
2. Flash ROM
3. Reboot and enjoy
- Latest nightlies with Halo uploaded to my Google Drive - Latest nightly: pa_hammerhead-4.3-BETA6-20140524.zip
- Latest nightlies without Halo uploaded to my Google Drive - Latest nightly: pa_hammerhead-4.3-BETA6-20140523.zip
- PA Gapps
Note: I won't build and upload a new nightly if there's nothing new to add. If there isn't a new nightly for the day, then check the gerrit before PMing me to ask for a new build.
ParanoidAndroid team and anyone who helps them
If you particularly enjoy these builds, and you find yourself feeling generous, feel free to buy me a snack with my donation link. If not, I'm just happy knowing some of you guys like these.
Note: if you see anything in the open section of the gerrit that you want in a build, PM me and I'll try my best to get you your very own build with it included.
XDA:DevDB Information
[ROM][AOSPA] Unofficial ParanoidAndroid 4.3 Nightlies (with and without HALO) [BETA], ROM for the Google Nexus 5
ROM OS Version: 4.4.x KitKat
Based On: ParanoidAndroid
Version Information
Status: Beta
Current Stable Version: 4.3
Stable Release Date: 2014-04-28
Current Beta Version: 2
Beta Release Date: 2014-04-30
Created 2014-02-07
Last Updated 2014-05-23


text:
The state has received 19 more applications to operate medical marijuana dispensaries, according to the Department of Health and Human Services.
Six dispensaries have already been licensed and are expected to open this winter in or near Portland, Augusta, Bangor, Auburn, Thomaston and Fort Kent.
No licenses have been issued yet for dispensaries in the two remaining districts: York County and the Down East region.
The state re-opened the application process for the final two licenses last month because none of the original submissions met the department's criteria, officials said. The latest application deadline was Friday afternoon.
While state officials said they received a total of 19 new applications, they released information about only 17. Of those, 10 are applications for the York County license.
Some potential operators, such as Maine Wellness Group, are making their second bid for the York County license. Others are first-time applicants, such as Alleviations and Maine Organic Farmacy.
One applicant for York County, the Remedy Compassion Center, is seeking a second state license. It is already working to open the dispensary in the Auburn area.
A panel of four people will review and score each application based on criteria including operating plans, convenience of location, business experience, patient education, record-keeping, inventory, quality control, security and staffing.
Groups selected for the two licenses will be announced by the end of this month.
The dispensaries are required to incorporate as nonprofits and can sell marijuana, in smokable or edible form, to registered patients. Registered patients have to have a qualifying illness, such as cancer or glaucoma, and a written doctor's recommendation to use the drug.
Staff Writer John Richardson can be contacted at 791-6324 or at: [email protected]


text:
New Life Academy football: Mistakes spoil Eagles' 'finest effort'
New Life Academy couldn't overcome a couple of costly mistakes on offense and special teams in what NLA head coach Paul Mork said was the Eagles' "finest effort of the year."
After beginning the season 2-0, the New Life Academy football team has seen its record dip below the .500 mark after a tough loss to the St. Anthony Village Huskies Friday night at NLA's Homecoming 28-9.
With both an interception and a punt returned for touchdowns, St. Anthony was able to capitalize on the mistakes that the Eagles made. NLA out rushed the Huskies - a team Mork described as a "power rushing team" - 240 yards to 58, and they out gained the Huskies in total offense by 100 yards, with NLA totaling 291 compared to St. Anthony's 191.
"This was our finest effort of the year," Mork said. "We dominated on defense except for one long pass, won the physicality battle against an acknowledgely physical team, and controlled the ball on offense. All this was neutralized on the scoreboard by three fumbles, two interceptions and a breakdown in punt coverage which resulted in a touchdown."
NLA senior co-captain Matt Michaud led the charge on the ground for the Eagles with 133 rushing yards on 16 carries. He also scored all nine points for the Eagles, rushing for a 12-yard touchdown and kicking a 20-yard field goal.
"We marched the ball effectively on the ground against a very strong opponent," Mork said. "Our expectations are to build on this progress for the remainder of the season."
NLA senior co-captain Sam Dufault played well in both the secondary at safety making great tackles and on special teams when he returned a punt 60 yards to the Huskies' 26-yard-line at the end of the third quarter.
Next up for the Eagles is a home game against St. Agnes (2-3) on Friday night at 7 p.m. It will be Senior Night for NLA.


text:
Transition — A time of letting go
Over the next couple of weeks, like many of you, I will be attending a variety of graduation parties held in freshly cleaned-out garages. Having hosted our youngest child's graduation party last year, I know how crazy the month can get. As I look at my spring calendar, I'm also reminded that it's the season for weddings. Both graduations and weddings are what we sometimes call "liminal" moments — that is, moments of transition from one thing to another.
Liminal moments create opportunities for great change and growth, but only because they are also moments of chaos and disorder. During liminal moments many of our old assumptions no longer work and we don't know enough about the future to make any plans with great certainty. Successfully making it through a liminal moment requires us to be comfortable for a while with uncertainty and mystery.
Graduation and marriage aren't the only liminal moments in our lives. Changing jobs, having children, moving, and the death of loved ones are among the many things that can put our lives into a time of transition. As we move through transition we are tempted to put our main focus on our new future — new job, new child, new spouse, etc. But a successful transition also requires an equal focus on what we need to leave behind.
Actor Anne Lamott once wrote, "Everything I've ever let go of has claw marks on it." Letting go isn't easy. The things we let go of — whether it's a child heading off on their own or the home where we lived for the last 20 years — these things represent everything that's familiar and comforting. But a certain amount of letting go is necessary if we are to make a successful journey to whatever is new.
On my recent walks around town I've been seeing quite a few bird eggs cracked open on the ground. Liminal moments are no easier for creatures in the natural world than they are for us. I am reminded that many of Jesus' teachings in the Gospels were about letting go: Letting go of possessions, letting go of ego, and even letting go of one's life. When we practice letting go of things, we create an open possibility for new things to happen.
I hope that everyone preparing for graduation or marriage has a celebration full of blessings. And I pray that you discover what it is you need to let go of as you transition to whatever new thing God is preparing for you.


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Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University (第二军医大学学报) 2008/28:10 PP.1157-1161
Objective:To establish a lung cancer phage-peptide library and to screen for biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer.Methods:A phage display library was constructed using 30 lung-cancer tissue samples from Changhai Hospital. Protein-A/G agarose was used to enrich IgG from control sera as well as lung cancer sera. Five biopannings were carried out for enrichment of lung cancer-specific phage clones. Five hundred phage clones were randomly selected,those with D>2.0( lung cancer plasma pool v.s. control plasma pool)were selected for DNA sequencing and protein prediction. Results: (1) The recombination rate of the phage library was 60%,with the average phage titer being 3.0×106 pfu and a volume being 9.0×106 pfu.(2) Of 19 phage colonies selected by ELISA and sequenced,9 were cancer-related genes,8 with unknown function,and 2 were not related to cancer. Conclusion:The screened genes in the phage colonies might serve as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of lung cancer.
ReleaseDate:2014-07-21 14:45:12
Funds:Supported by Mountain Climbing Project of Shanghai Municipality(06DZ19503).
[1] Hirsch F R,Franklin W A,Gazdar A F,Bunn P A.Early detection of lung cancer:clinical perspectives of recent advances in biology and radiology[J].Clin Cancer Res,2001,7:5-22.
[2] Yeh C,Wang J F,Wu M T,Yen C W,Nagurka M L,Lin C L.A comparative study for 2D and 3D computer-aided diagnosis methods for solitary pulmonary nodules[J].Comp Med Imaging Graph,2008,32:272-276.
[3] Keith R L,Miller Y E,Gemmill R M,Drabkin H A,Dempsey E C,Kennedy T C,et al.Angiogenic squamous dysplasia in bronchi of individuals at high risk for lung cancer[J].Clin Cancer Res,2000,6:1616-1625.
[4] Mao L,Hruban R H,Boyle J O,Tockman M,Sidransky D.Detection of oncogene mutations in sputum precedes diagnosis of lung cancer[J].Cancer Res,1994,54:1634-1637.
[5] Aberle D R,Kathleen B.Lung cancer screening with CT[J].Clin Chest Med,2008,29:1-14.
[6] Palcic B,Lam S,Hung J,MacAulay C.Detection and localization of early lung cancer by imaging techniques[J].Chest,1991,99:742-743.
[7] Kalnina Z,Silina K,Meistere I,Zayakin P,Rivosh A,Abols A,et al.Evaluation of T7 and lambda phage display systems for survey of autoantibody profiles in cancer patients[J].J Immunol Methods,2008,334:37-50.
[8] Chen Y T,Gure A O,Tsang S,Stockert E,Jager E,Knuth A,et al.Identification of multiple cancer/testis antigens by allogeneic antibody screening of a melanoma cell line library[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1998,95:6919-6923.
[9] Stockert E,Jager E,Chen Y T,Scanlan M J,Gout I,Karbach J,et al.A survey of the humoral immune response of cancer patients to a panel of human tumor antigens[J].J Exp Med,1998,187:1349-1354.
[10] Brichory F M,Misek D E,Yim A M,Krause M C,Giordano T J,Beer D G,et al.An immune response manifested by the common occurrence of annexins Ⅰ and Ⅱ autoantibodies and high circulating levels of IL-6 in lung cancer[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2001,98:9824-9829.
[11] Minenkova O,Pucci A,Pavoni E,De Tomassi A,Fortugno P,Gargano N,et al.Identification of tumor-associated antigens by screening phage-displayed human cDNA libraries with sera from tumor patients[J].Int J Cancer,2003,106:534-544.
[12] Fernandez-Madrid F,Tang N,Alansari H,Granda J L,Tait L,Amirikia K C,et al.Autoantibodies to annexin Ⅺ-A and other autoantigens in the diagnosis of breast cancer[J].Cancer Res,2004,64:5089-5096.
[13] Wang X J,Yu J J,Arun S K,Varambally S,Shen R,Giacherio D,et al.Autoantibody signatures in prostate cancer[J].New Engl J Med,2005,353:1224-1235.
[14] MacGrogan D,Levy A,Bova G S,Isaacs W B,Bookstein R.Structure and methylation-associated silencing of a gene within a homozygously deleted region of human chromosome band 8p22[J].Genomics,1996,35:55-65.


text: At what level does the unintentional junk balls stop (or perhaps just taper off)? I don't mind crafty opponents who deliberately hit junk. That may be frustrating but still fun to try and figure out. It's the players who accidentally do it that just frustrates me. I can't anticipate or predict at all. I spent a set today just reacting to stuff. Court positioning was useless. Anticipation, baaah. Dying quails galore. I guess I should've known it would be that kind of day. My partner was spraying rally starters everywhere during our warm up. Just venting. Thanks for listening. :neutral:


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CAMP BRANCH (Tyler County). Camp Branch rises five miles east of Woodville in eastern Tyler County (at 30°49' N, 94°13' W) and runs northwest for three miles to its mouth on B. A. Steinhagen Lake (at 30°50' N, 94°13' W). Before the impoundment of water at the Town Bluff Dam in 1951, Camp Branch flowed into the Neches River. It crosses flat to rolling terrain with local escarpments, surfaced by deep, fine sandy loams that support pine and oak forests and grasses.
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All copyrighted materials included within the Handbook of Texas Online are in accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107 related to Copyright and "Fair Use" for Non-Profit educational institutions, which permits the Texas State Historical Association (TSHA), to utilize copyrighted materials to further scholarship, education, and inform the public. The TSHA makes every effort to conform to the principles of fair use and to comply with copyright law.
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If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond fair use, you must obtain permission from the copyright owner.
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.Handbook of Texas Online, "Camp Branch (Tyler County)," accessed November 19, 2017, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/rbc19.
Uploaded on June 12, 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.


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Words, letters, and/or numbers in stylized form
travel bags, carry-on bags, garment bags for travel, all purpose sports bags, purses, clutch purses and wallets
Business in PACIFIC PALISADES, CA
Business in Torrance, CA


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Corporate Intro
Department Service
橙果設計從三個面向將Co-in品牌訴求進行定位,-TA女性(感性族群),- USP機車時尚個性的詮釋,- Consumer Benefit 找回移動中的時尚浪漫。
Co-in以" 一個人的移動時尚"為主題進行設計,主要在呈現"思想、人文、語言、隨著我們的形體穿梭在城市間"之概念。
2010/10 第一家台北展銷中心開幕
2011/2 全球發表會於台北八里舉行。小型速克達:CO-iN 110/125正式上市。Corporate Intro
Although international oil prices skyrocketed in 2008, it did not have a direct impact on Taiwan's motorcycle sales volume; rather, people abandoned four-wheel modes of transportation and adopted two-wheel motorcycles. With several major manufacturers dominating the market, and with the styling emphasizing speed and performance, the motorcycles on the market are becoming increasingly difficult to be differentiated, and it will be difficult to make a breakthrough. Therefore, in order to complete its dream and expand its business territories, AEON required new perspectives and thinking to create a motorcycle that will successfully grab the public's attention; consequently, this has generated the opportunity for collaboration between AEON and DEM Inc.
According to DEM Inc.' s analysis, from YAMAHA's Vino to the CUXI in 2006, these fashionable 100cc motorcycle models have seized 78.9% of the market, and motorcycles emphasizing fashion continues to flourish on the market. Therefore, the positioning of the co-in series will be fashion-oriented; despite the fact that major manufactures have already begun to finitely promote this market, their heavy burden originate from the excessive emphasis and reliance on the quantity of their mainstream models.
DEM Inc. believes that AEON's opportunity will be derived by enhancing the 60% achievement of the major manufacturers into 100% of their self brand, and to transform such weakness into opportunities for launching the new co-in brand through precision product positioning.
Department Service
After examining the development of the competitive products on the market, evidence shows that, just like luxury fashion items, when function has been satisfied, the motorcycle needs to take on emotions and feelings. When the motorcycle has evolved from a transportation tool to a lifestyle accessory, will the definition of motorcycle be the same as what we perceive it to be?
After conducting market analysis, DEM Inc. discovered that females will continue to play a key role in the consumer market.
Under the circumstance where over 60% of car purchase decisions are made by women, even the design and marketing approach of cars (traditionally a man's toy) have changed. Facts prove that in male decision oriented market conditions, as long as females (or broadly defined perceptual consumers) are captured, the brand effect and reputation that surpasses all expectations will be achieved.
DEM Inc. performed positioning of the co-in brand from three fronts: TA=women (perceptual population), USP=Interpretation of the motorcycle's fashionable personality, Consumer Benefit= Re-discovery of the fashionable romance of moving.
Co-in draws design inspiration from the theme of An Individual's Mobile Fashion, with emphasis on presenting the concept of Thinking, Culture and Language shuttling in the urban environment with us.
As retro and cute are already outdated, and the most popular cartoon has become the semi-surrealistic Takashi Murakami, reinterpreted femininity is now the mainstream. The equal proportion of retro and future, unisex squares and delicate circles will compose the most urbane motorcycle fashion.
In terms of body design, the emphasis is placed on the narrow body construction; the square body with large volume caters for cargo loading needs, while the body components comprise a perfect balance between ingenious squares and circles to present the exquisite, tasteful design.
2010/10 Inauguration of the first sales and exhibition center in Taipei
2011/02 Global unveiling held in Bali, Taipei. Small scooter: CO-iN 110/125 officially launched.
2011/03 First wave of TVC launched.


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Which is the Top WordPress Website Designing Company in NalPada Thane ?
We develop unique, engaging websites that reflect your brand and keep your customers coming back!
We design & build Responsive Website Designing Company. We produce exceptional designs that are made-to-measure. We work through a creative process to design and develop a suitable identity and User experience which greatly factors in your audience.
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Hi! This is Topher with WinningWP. Inthis video we're going to answer the question "What are WordPress Plugins?"WordPress out-of-the-box is extremely flexible and powerful but it can't doeverything and nor should it. Just because one person wants a specificfunctionality on the website doesn't mean that everyone should have to havethat. So a plug-in is something that changes or adds to the functionality ofWordPress. Now what kinds of things might you want to be doing you may ask? Wellthere are lots of amazing things that you can add to WordPress. Right here isthe WordPress. Org plugins repository and as you can see there are over 50,000plugins available for free. Now let's take a look at some of the kinds ofthings that can be done. So here are some ecommerce plugins and there are ahundred and one pages like this, of different plugins that help you sellthings on your website. WordPress doesn't do that out of the box but with theplug-in it can. How about forums? Three hundred and thirty pages ofdifferent types of forum tools. If we search for community we end up withthings that can help you build an online community similar to Facebook. And if wesearch for forms we end up with these excellent plugins that can help youbuild a form on your site so that people can contact you or sign up forsomething. Now you may be asking "How can I install one of these?" Well I will showyou, if we go to our WordPress dashboard under plugins, add new. And here are anumber of plugins available to you. Now what's notable is that this informationis pulling directly from wordpress. Org. This is the same search, so if we searchhere we get the same results that we got over here on org. So to install one you simply click the "Install Now" button and WordPress takescare of the whole process of going to get it for you, downloading it, andinstalling it. Now it doesn't work until you click activate, and there we are. Nowthere's a little thing up top that says "Thanks for installing Caldera Forms" andnow on the left there's a new menu item for Caldera Forms. And right here youcould create a new form. I already have one called "My Contact Form". I'll show youhow to add it to a page. Now that I've installed the pluginthere's a new button right here. I simply click it choose the form I want andinsert form and there it is. If I update my page and then view it there's my formright on my page. So just like that with a search and a few button clicks I wasable to add functionality to WordPress and make it do forms and add a beautifulfunctional form right on my site. That's something I want to point out is thatnot all plugins are free. Here's an excellent example of one that is notfree. This is called Gravity Forms. It's another form tool but what you get foryour money is excellent support and many many features. So if you're the sort ofperson they would like to pay money to have somebody on hand available tohelp you then paid plugins are the way to go. Something I want to caution youabout though is downloading paid plugins from a site that's offering them forfree. It's not that uncommon. You may go to a site that says "click here todownload Gravity Forms for free!" Stay away from those kind of sites becausethey're very often filled with malware. The reason you're getting a free versionis because they hacked it and they put things in there that you do not want onyour website. So if you want a paid plugin go ahead and pay for it. Supportthe author and get the great support that comes with it. If you want freeplugins, stick with wordpress. Org. All the plugins on wordpress. Org are carefullyreviewed and scanned by experts so the plugins that you get here will be safe. So let's summarize. A plugin is something that adds to or changes how WordPressworks. They can be free like on wordpress. Org or they can cost money andcome with support. Something important to remember is that if you can imagine it,there's probably already a plug-in for it for WordPress. So if there's somethingyou want WordPress to do go looking for a plug-in. You'll probably find somethingand it will make WordPress work even better for you. If you'd like to learnmore about WordPress check out WinningWP com.
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The first step towards effective web design is attaining a detailed architecture of your business and marketing plan. If we know where your business is headed and what you are aiming to achieve, your website can be a difference maker in your company's development. Our work has a strong user focus. In many ways, your website or landing page is for them, so we design for them. Understanding where, how, and why users will interact with your content, and what messaging we want to deliver, is critical. It's what makes us good at what we do.
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A core feature of our designs is their responsiveness to all devices, from desktops and laptops to tablets and mobiles. People are on the move and need to be able to find and interact with your business easily, wherever they are. As portable devices become more prevalent, getting your business to the palms of your audience is increasingly critical. Our sites greet such technology with open arms. Twinned with services such as PPC and SEO, we can ensure your marketing strategy and reach is not limited in any way.
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We've been building websites and apps for years. Your website needs to be lean and mean. It should load quickly, look great from any device and leave users feeling elated, not deflated. We put ourselves in your customer's shoes – because after all, they're the ones who really matter to your business. If your website is frustrating to use, it will impact your bottom line. By looking at what functionality you need, how much you want to spend, and how you want to use the website, we establish which back-end or content management system is most suitable for you. We're platform agnostic, for you.
Providing a dedicated eye for detail and a focus on quality, while maintaining a level of customer service and impartial advice second to none, We are to benefit your company's bottom line. We provide a highly professional set of creative digital solutions to sell more of your organisation's services, to increase your business revenues, customer base and long term profits, all in a straight-forward and cost effective manner.
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In this track, you'll learn how to design and build beautiful websites by learning the basic principles of design like branding, color theory, and typography which are all instrumental in the design process of a website. You'll also learn HTML and CSS, which are the common code languages that all modern websites are built on. These are useful skills to acquire as they are needed by nearly every single business in the world to communicate to customers. By the end of this track, you'll have all the skills required to design and build your own websites or even start a career with one of the thousands of companies that have a website.We are web designers that have been producing high quality website design, Search Engine Optimization (SEO) and Google AdWords campaigns for over 10 years.
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More than just a website design company, the team at We are close friends and this shows through in the work that we do. Taking care of our customers like a family business is important to us and it's why our clients rave about us. If you are looking for a professional solution to increase your business' bottom line, talk to us today, we'd love to hear from you!
eCommerce Website Development Company
WordPress Website Development Company
A website is the common interface between you and your customers, hence it is essential that they be user friendly and pro users. The first thing that you must remember before appointing a website designing company is that they should understand the purpose of your website and do complete justice to your project. Defined below are some important roles that your website designing company will play in getting your website ranked.
Your website is your virtual office, and it is the role of a website designing company to design it in such a manner that it is beneficial to your organization. It is not always that you create a website. A site is created once, and the first time it appears before the user is when all the impact is created. It is hence necessary that the initial design of your website be attractive and interesting.
Apart from creating the framework and the structure of your website, web designing is also responsible for including search engine optimization features in your website. These are important features which eventually help in the better ranking of the websites in the search engines.
Websites are normally constructed in HTML, CSS, Java Scripts etc. There are a number of pages in a website that are unique from one another. These are placed by the web designers in styles and techniques that best suit the website design.
In the current times more and more business owners are paying attention to online business because in the competitive market of the current times it is impossible to ignore the value of a good business website. The world is suing the internet for everything almost and especially for buying and selling. There is no dearth of things that can be found online and people nowadays find it more convenient to search and buy a thing from online rather than visit the physical shops which take up a lot of time as well as energy.
With the various products and services available online it is easier for people to search and buy products online as they can do it from anywhere, be it from their office or the comfort of their home. Hence it is no surprise that the business owners have woken up to the fact that the current market competition demands a business website that is designed as per the business requirements and which is attractive and trendy enough to draw the attention of the right kind of customers.
Therefore it makes sense to invest in creating a good website and that is exactly what most businessmen are doing nowadays. But it has to be kept in mind that it is not possible for any and everyone to create a business website that can be effective when it comes to generating revenue. This is where the website designing service comes into play, as a professional website design and development company has the expertise and knowledge about the various tools that are being used and therefore, can really build a website that will be best for the business.
There are many reputed and professional website designing companies and you can easily pick one that meets your requirement, timeline, and budget, and would attract more online visitors. If the website is really well designed then there is a good chance that these visitors will turn into potential customers. The various designing services, which are offered by the professionals, ranges from the creation of the template for the website, maintenance and web solutions, and mapping. The experts also lend an ear to what the customer has to say and what his vision is regarding the website, and accordingly, they make their own suggestions so that the website designs could be adjusted and altered and truly reflect the fundamental nature of the customer's business and meet his business needs in an efficient way.
Be it any kind of customer needs the companies which are truly professional can provide various kinds of business solutions and offer technologies that are current and up-to-date. The client does not have to worry about the quality of his website when he is seeking the services of a professional website design company. The various areas where these website services offer their expertise are customer website design and e-commerce website building. Flash and graphic designs, search engine optimization, database integration and organization, corporate identity building and even multimedia presentations. The companies that provide website designing services are careful about their client's needs and demands, and can be flexible in their ideas and services, hence they can build anything from a simple to a very professional looking, sleek and trendy website, but it all depends on what is the customer need and for what purpose the business owner is building the website.
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There are many people on internet who call themselves as web designers and web design companies. Many people do it for fun, as a hobby or part-time. Web design companies full-time operations are way to go.. Web design companies doing it for living will take your project seriously. Make sure your web design company has done enough research on internet technologies.
5 firm steps for finding the right Web design company for you
1. Assess your needs:
A professional Web design company will work with you rather than for you. It will help you in defining your organization's requirements. Still, you should have a basic idea of what your web site can do for you. Will it serve as an informative catalog? Will it grab new clients? Will it strengthen relationship with your existing clients? Will it serve the needs of your workers?
There are few initial requirements your organization should aware of:
The intended audience for the Web site
The intended goal of the project
Anticipated budget for the Web site
How the project will fit into a larger marketing/corporate scheme
One of the best and the most successful invention of all times has been the internet or one may say Web. It started as a means of connection between some space agencies and military programs, but has eventually increased its use and popularity in a very short number of years.
This very well helped us change the world we live in by helping access the world's information in just a click away. But this search engine attained popularity due to certain reasons. The reasons are many, but some of them are more vastly encountered such as fast connectivity, worldwide approach and its designing.
One tends to appreciate the designs, the graphics being used in the website as an outlook. We also tend to have more emphasis on the websites which appeal more to the users visually.
WordPress Website Designer Company
WordPress Web Development Companies
When starting out with your online business you probably want to set it up as cheaply as possible, and this includes the setting up of your website too. WordPress is often the platform of choice for those just starting out online, without the budget to hire someone to create a website for them, it offers the cheapest and most versatile option.
Setting up your first website in WordPress is a great idea for so many reasons. If you are unsure about which business you want to go into, setting up a WordPress site, whether it's hosted or self-hosted, is a cheap way of making a mistake if you decide to change your mind and do something else, so there is little or no risk. You can get some WordPress experience through trial and error for very little cost that you can take with you to your next website or just perfect the website you already have.
Also, if you want to offer free reports or audios to the visitors of your website, you will be unable to upload them to your WordPress site as you don't have hosting access. Depending on how you see your website developing this may or may not affect your decision on choosing a WordPress hosted website or not.
If you want to just get used to WordPress and try different things out then by all means register your chosen website at WordPress.com. Please note that your URL, or web address, will be a subdomain of WordPress, for example mychosensite.wordpress.com and it doesn't really give a professional image to your business, however it will make you more confident using your WordPress website. You can always buy a domain and forward it to your WordPress.com website if you decide to keep this as your main website.
eCommerce WordPress Website Designer Company


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FDIC Cautions About Fraudulent Emails
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation announced that it has received numerous reports of fraudulent emails appearing to have been sent from the FDIC.
These emails are not from the FDIC, and they stressed that they do not issue unsolicited emails to consumers. Recipients of the emails are encouraged to simply delete them.
According to www.fdic.gov, the subject line of the email states: "Check your Bank Deposit Insurance Coverage," and the body of the email goes on to state that the recipient has an account at a bank which has failed. They are then directed to a fraudulent link which the FDIC says is most likely an attempt to collect personal information which may be used to conduct identity theft.
Paragon President & CEO Robert Shaw said, "These fraudulent emails should not be viewed as an indication of what banks have failed. However, I can assure you that Paragon is not on any list of failed or failing banks. We continue to grow deposits and be well-capitalized."
For more information about this and other consumer alerts, visit http://www.fdic.gov/consumers/consumer/alerts/index.html.


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CONROE, Texas, Nov. 20 (UPI) -- Olympic cyclist Kyle Bennett's blood alcohol level was nearly twice the Texas legal limit when he died in a truck accident Oct. 14, an autopsy report indicated.
Bennett, 33, of Conroe, Texas, a BMX bicycle racer who represented the United States in the 2008 Beijing Olympics, died when his pickup truck crashed through an iron gate of a home, severing a natural gas line, the Conroe, Texas, Courier, reported Tuesday.
Excessive speed was a factor in the accident as well, Texas Department of Public Safety Trooper Jarad Gray said.
The autopsy, performed by the Montgomery County Forensic Services Department, showed Bennett had a blood alcohol content of 0.145 percent, the legal limit in Texas being 0.08, the newspaper said.


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Cambridge 140cm Oak Dining Table
Cambridge 140cm Oak Dining Table
Cambridge 140cm light oak dining table.
These impresssive Cambridge tables are made to a very high standard for Top Furniture but at a price that makes them very affordable
The great looks and amazing price are what makes this design a very popular option for many of our customers.
Buy a set of matching Lichfield or Churchill chairs ( shown below ) with this oak table from just £69.99 per chair !
Dimensions: 140cm long x 90cm wide x 76cm high
We will endeavour to dispatch most items within 2 - 3 weeks of ordering and you will be called by a member of our transport team to schedule in the delivery day with you. Some smaller items may be dispatched with an express carrier such as TNT within a few days.
More details can be found on our delivery web page.
View our returns policy and furniture care web page.