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We are going through a dry spell and I spend a lot of time watering new, smaller trees. It suddenly occured to me that I live in a wonderful part of the world where the (seemingly unending) water table is close by. Last summer my well pump died and I tried to learn all I could from the men who replaced it. My well is 18 feet deep. My nearest neighbor (1/10 mile away) says his is 30 feet deep. How deep are tree roots? OK, I know it depends on what tree. I am concerned about Maple, Birch, E. Beech, Katsura, Tree Liliac, Magnolia, Heptacodium, Pear, Apple, Tulip, Plum, Yellowwood, Amur Cork, Ky. Coffee Tree, etc. Very sandy soil. Seems like once one of my trees reaches a certain height, it probably has its roots down to where there is water = I really do not need to water it, though it would not hurt. I know this may be a simplistic approach, any ideas?
How deep are tree roots vs. How deep is your well ?
Our well=475 feet.
Once -a long while ago this old fella told me that a large tree can drink 200 gallons day. When he said that, I stopped watering and worrying about trees. I do during times of water stress give the shrubs a drink.
I don't remember how deep ours(but I know it's not deep, we have a very high water table) is but all suggestions say to plant any tree at least 40' feet away from the well
Most trees have the majority of their feeder roots in the top 2' - 4' of soil. These roots can extended out to 2 to 3 times the size of the crown. There are exceptions. Some trees have a persistent tap root(s) so they are able to survive droughts and in very hostile conditions as well. The mesquite is one example of the latter. You need to find out what kind of root system each tree has before you decide they can go without watering. This is especially true if they have received shallow watering their entire lives. You also have to know the soil characteristics where the trees are growing because it also impacts how the roots grow.
Texas went through an exceptional drought last year. There are now millions of dead and dying trees. Even deep rooted trees (Trees large enough to have survived other severe droughts.) have died. Here on our ranch, we have our share of losses, Although the Eastern Red Cedar (A pest in this part of the country.) suffered the most casualties, we lost some deep rooted trees as well including 4 very large and very old live oak trees. There wasn't much we could do to help the trees in our wooded areas or in our pastures, but because we have a well, I was able to water the trees around the house. Some lessons learned: 1) Make a priority list of which trees to try to save., 2) Make a watering ring 2 - 3 times the diameter of the tree crown or use a sprinkler, 3) Water for hours not minutes. I still lost some trees, but I considered myself lucky that I didn't live in the city where water restrictions were put in place very early.
Taproots develop from the radicle of a seed, forming the primary root. It branches off to secondary roots, which in turn branch to form tertiary roots. These may further branch to form rootlets. For most plants species the radicle dies some time after seed germination, causing the development of a fibrous root system, which lacks a main downward-growing root. Most trees begin life with a taproot,[3] but after one to a few years the main root system changes to a wide-spreading fibrous root system with mainly horizontal-growing surface roots and only a few vertical, deep-anchoring roots. A typical mature tree 30�50 m tall has a root system that extends horizontally in all directions as far as the tree is tall or more, but well over 95% of the roots are in the top 50 cm of soil.
Soil characteristics strongly influence the architecture of taproots; for example, deep rich soils favor the development of vertical taproots in many oak species such as Quercus kelloggii, while clay soils promote the growth of multiple taproots.[4]
I think the writer forgot to add the word horizontal after the words "clay soils promote".
I read that a sycamore can pull upwards of hundreds of gallons a day.
we are on a well -- what we could do to help that tree would be spitting in the wind.
If you have water in the well at 18 feet, there must be more moisture that moves up into the shallower soil too , by capillary action.
My well is 200 some feet, to get a better aquifer- older houses ehee started with shallower wells, say fifty feet or so.. I never water trees. But bettydee's troubles do make one respect the concern.
Thanks. Guess I must have worded my question poorly as most replies are nice and good info but not exactly what I was looking for. One more try: IF the water table is X feet deep, is there a general rule for the height of a tree that has reached it and therefore, does not need me to water it? Say .5X, 1.3X, 3.3X, etc.
Trees grow roots where it is hospitable to grow roots. That (usually) requires gaseous exchange and some level of moisture. Thus, the comments above about roots typically occurring in the top 2 - 4 feet of undisturbed soils. Below that depth (in many soils) the conditions are anaerobic which is not hospitable to most trees' root growth.
Everyone can anecdotally describe situations where tree roots have "gotten into" water lines or sewer lines. This is a misnomer, which I can belabor at length with anyone wishing to e-hear it. Suffice to say, trenching for and the presence of underground utility lines can create hospitable conditions for tree root growth - primarily by loosening and aerating the soil much deeper than adjacent undisturbed soils. Secondarily, old pipes that leak water/sewage can also generate hospitable conditions, with the nutrients and moisture availability added to the loosened soils.
In your case, with ground water levels at 18 feet below the surface - I'd say you may not have any tree roots at that depth taking advantage of moisture if the conditions for tree root growth are inhospitable for them to grow to that depth. I don't know your sandy soils at all, and you haven't mentioned anything else about your climate and hydrology. Sandy soils are quite free-draining and often droughty. I'd suspect that your tree's roots don't venture very deeply, unless there is regular moisture to attain all along the way - AND, that there is the opportunity for gaseous exchange there too.
sallyg's reference to capillary action makes me want to cry. This phenomenon is more likely in soils with finer particles. Sandy soils (and in your instance, likely gravels) won't move the water nearly as high as finer soils like silts and clays - if I remember my chemistry and physics right.
May be a good question to ask an agronomist from your part of Wisconsin...
VV - thanks for confirming that, as usual, there are too many variables for there to be a simple, general rule.
(((sneaking out the back door of the room)))
Now, now - I expected to be asked about that only-slightly sarcastic remark.
If you look up capillary action, you'll see one of the examples is a very common occurrence. Crying is assisted by that very phenomenon...
LOL! Too clever for my little brain!!!
Tree roots are in no more than the top four feet of soil. That's well above the level of the water in a typical sanitary well. And wells may be dug into a confined aquifer, not directly fed by surface water above.
Maybe a more pointed question is : How would you know if your trees needed watering? Bettydee- did trees obviously wilt under such drought stress?
I have one tree that started losing leaves that had turned yellow. Looked Fall like in June.
My dogwoods do visibly wilt.
It's impossible to make blanket statements when dealing with living organisms. There are too many variables and coping mechanisms vary from species to species. It wasn't just the dry soil that was extreme last year. Parts of central Texas had close to 90 (Austin had 90) days of over 100�F temperature. On quite of few of those days the humidity was down in the single digits. Summer-like weather started early and ended late. When the temperatures weren't over 100�F, they were pretty close � in the high 90s.
With some trees, it's difficult to tell whether the leaves are wilting or not because the cuticle is so thick. The first visible signs of stress on trees with such thick cuticles was whole branches turning brown. The drought of 2011 officially started the previous October. Trees that require lots of water were among the first to show signs of stress, but eventually all trees showed signs of stress. New growth in many species was sparse last spring. Some trees had the beginnings of whole branches dying that early in 2011. Small trees growing in dense woods were already dead or dying by the time spring arrived.
So, to answer your question � "did trees obviously wilt under such drought stress?". Mesquite trees, even with the deep and massive root systems they have, did show some wilting. They have thin and very feathery leaflets. Wilting in other trees was harder to detect until they showed obvious signs of dying. I mentioned coping mechanisms earlier. Many plants have the amazing ability to go dormant during extreme heat around here. It was one of the reasons we didn't so any spraying last year. It would have been a waste of money. Trees that appeared to have survived last year never came out of winter dormancy.
Millions of trees are dead or dying in Texas as a result of the drought last year. Trees with damaged root systems may not die immediately, but may succumb later to diseases or pests which would normally have little to no effect on healthy trees. Our live oaks will continue to show the effects of the drought by dropping large branches over the next few years.
I feel bad that I'd been unaware of the extent of the drought. So sorry. It must have been awful. Thanks for the information. I sure hope this year is much better.
Most of Texas was a very dark color for a long time. Getting a bit better now but still not right.
I read The Worst Hard Time by Timothy Egan, about the Dust Bowl. Horrible.
That was very interesting bit of indormation. Thank you. Maybe this tropical storm in the gulf will help some.
A very persistent High hanging over Texas is keeping us dry, but it looks like you may be in for some wet weather.
we need it very badly. When I check the storm's path --- NOAA said "west" then later in the day I looked and it looked straight north and perhaps n ne. that was a quick change. My well is very very deep --- but the flow into it is about 2 liters/minute --- not strong---plus we have had a very long lived drought to deal with. It sounds as if Texas has had it worse. I hope that this summer brings a ton of nice soaking rains.
I always can tell when it is really hot because we get that "dog vomit" mold. (I have heard it called that and it sure looks like it but not sure what it is) It is bright yellow and looks like its name...then it goes grey an then a dark dark charcoal/black. If you touch it it poofffff s up in a cloud, rising and spreading through the air very rapidly. It is not supposed to be harmful but I just am not comfortable with the zillions of particles ending up in my face and lungs.
We have lots of that dog vomit slime mold this year...yuck...yeah they say to just leave it alone, it doesn't hurt the plants
We had a t storm roll thru here this morn, shaking the house and serious downpour, and we could use the rain
Last Friday we had strong thunder for at least a half hour, shaking rolling waves. Nary a drop of rain.
Maybe I was thinking about those huge, tall power poles/towers that go across the countryside. Knew someone once who installed them and mentioned that the underground part is at least 1/2 the height of what is above ground. But, again it all depends on what kinda ground you are on.
gas - was thinking about your comment earlier. My yard looks like end October with bright yellow leaves (mostly birch and my precious katsura) on the ground.
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Sunday, May 21, 2017 -
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Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 371414, 4 pages
Construction of a Llama Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Library with Approximately 9-Fold Genome Equivalent Coverage
1Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
2Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
Received 10 March 2012; Revised 21 May 2012; Accepted 4 June 2012
Academic Editor: Noelle E. Cockett
Copyright © 2012 K. W. Airmet et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The Ilama is an important agricultural livestock in much of South America. The llama is increasing in popularity in the United States as a companion animal. Little work has been done to improve llama production using modern technology. A paucity of information is available regarding the llama genome. We report the construction of a llama bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of about 196,224 clones in the vector pECBAC1. Using flow cytometry and bovine, human, mouse, and chicken as controls, we determined the llama genome size to be bp. The average insert size of the library is 137.8 kb corresponding to approximately 9-fold genome coverage. Further studies are needed to further characterize the library and llama genome. We anticipate that this new library will help facilitate future genomic studies in the llama.
1. Introduction
There are six species in the family Camelidae; namely, Camelus bactrianus, Camelus dromedarius, Lama glama (llama), Lama guanicoe (guanaco), Lama pacos (alpaca), and Vicugna vicugna (vicuña). Llamas are especially important for agriculture in Andean South America. They are also indispensable in the Bolivian and Peruvian high plain (Altiplano) where they are well adapted to the harsh conditions. In these locations, the uses of llamas include fiber, meat, and draft. In the impoverished communities of the Altiplano, the utilization of llamas, in these ways, may represent a considerable amount of a family's disposable income. Improvement in the production of llamas would aid the rural families of the Altiplano to have a steady food source and income as well as aid in becoming self-sufficient [1]. Llamas and alpacas are also rising in popularity in the United States.
Our long-term goal is to increase the understanding of the genetic basis of phenotypic differences in camelids. In most common livestock and companion animal species, bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries have facilitated genetic work. However, until recently, a BAC library has not existed for camelids, which has impeded the progress of genetic research in this family. Therefore, there was a critical need for a llama BAC library. It is important to recognize that the llama genome size has already been determined [2]. This demonstrates the growing importance of this livestock species.
BAC libraries can provide a way of obtaining complete gene sequences, including intron sequences. Intron sequences are important because they contain more polymorphisms than exons. In addition, introns allow for the design of primers, which amplify entire exons. BAC libraries have been developed for a number of plant and animal species of major and minor economic/agricultural impacts including durum wheat [3], coffee [4], pepper [5], ginseng [6], quinoa [7], bovine [8, 9], domestic dog [10], and sheep [11]. These BAC libraries have been used to facilitate physical mapping, gene cloning, and many other types of studies [12].
A linkage map for the llama species is yet to be created. However, this and other future projects will help in identifying the causative genetic differences in Camelids to improve selection for particular traits. Such identification of mutations responsible for phenotypes, for instance, has already been performed in sheep [13] and pigs [14] as well as a number of other species.
A llama BAC library will aid in research related to llama production throughout the world.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Megabase Size DNA
Blood was drawn from llamas after which red blood cells were separated from the white blood cells by centrifugation. The white cells were resuspended in sterile normal saline (0.9% NcCl). This procedure was repeated three times and white cells were counted using a haemocytometer. The cells were diluted in sterile normal saline to a concentration of /mL. Eight milliliters of the white blood cells suspension was combined with 8 mL of low melting point (LMP) agarose to 100 μL form plugs. The formed plugs were incubated at 4 C for 15 min. and harvested into 50 mL centrifuge tubes. Forty-five ml of lysis buffer (0.5 M EDTA, pH 9.0; 1% lauryl sarcosine and 1 mg/mL proteinase K) was added to each tube and they were incubated at 50 C for 48 hours with gentle rotation.
2.2. Size Selection
While still in the plug, the purified DNA was washed and partially digested with either EcoRI or BamH1. The plugs were then loaded in a CHEF Gel (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA USA) and DNA was separated/fractionated by pulse field electrophoresis. The resulting fractionated DNA was divided into three size categories, cut from the gel, resuspended, and purified. The size categories we used, based upon Lambda DNA standard, were 100–200 kb, 200–300 kb, and 300–400 kb. The sizes were subsequently identified as low, medium, and high molecular weight, respectively.
2.3. Creation of Libraries
The libraries were constructed with approximately 150 ng llama digested DNA, which was used at a rate of 0.6–1.0 ng/μL in ligation reactions of linearized dephosphorylated pECBAC1 according to Zhang [15], with minor modifications. At the recommended 1 : 4 molecular weight ratio (vector to DNA), ElectroMax DH10B cells (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) were transformed with ligation mix by electroporation with a BioRad (Hercules, CA) Gene Pulser at a voltage of 2.5 kV, a capacitance of 25 μF, and an impedance of 100 , all according to the manufacturer's specifications. Cells were placed on LB agar containing 12.5 μg/mL chloramphenicol, 15 μg/mL IPTG, and 60 μg/mL X-gal and incubated at 37°C for 24–36 h. White colonies were manually picked and transferred directly to 384-well microtiter plates containing 50 μL LB freezing medium, with 12.5 μg/mL of chloramphenicol in each well according to Zhang et al. [16]. After incubaton at 37°C for 24 h, microtiter plates were placed in a −80°C freezer for long-term storage.
BAC DNA was isolated from 200 and 280 clones from the BamHI and EcoRI libraries, respectively, by an alkaline lysis method, digested with NotI, and separated on 1% agarose CHEF gels. The insert size was determined by comparison with a molecular-weight ladder on the gel, and an average insert size was calculated for the set of clones tested from each library.
Colonies containing individual BACs were double-spotted in high-density arrays on nylon membranes using a Genetix Q-Bot at the Arizona Genomics Institute (Tucson, AZ, USA) as described in [17].
2.4. Determining Complexity of the Llama Genome
The llama genome size was determined by flow cytometry as previously described [18].
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Creation of a Llama BAC Library
Our laboratory succeeded in developing the first and currently the only llama BAC library reported to date. Our llama BAC library contains an average insert size of 137.8 kb consisting of 196,224 clones, together equaling nearly a 9-fold genome coverage. While we calculated the size of the llama genome, by flow cytometry, to be bp, we note that Romanini reported, in 1985, the llama genome size to be about bp [2]. We deferred to this number and used it in all subsequent calculations.
3.2. Characterization of the Library
Clonal BAC DNA was isolated from a number of individual clones and restricted with the enzyme NotI to release the insert. The digestion products were size fractionated in an agarose gel to determine length. Insert ends were sequenced. The insert sizes range from both libraries was from 75 kb to 306 kb. The average insert size of both libraries was 137.8 kb. The inserts selected as low inserts averaged 112.5 kb and ranged from 97 to 200. The inserts selected as medium inserts averaged 134 kb and ranged from 75 to 300 kb. The inserts selected as high inserts averaged 170.6 kb and ranged from 100 to 306 kb. After examination of 300 clones from all three size ranges, we estimate the number of clones without inserts to be 10% (see Figure 1).
The average insert size of the llama BAC library analyzed in this project was 137.8 kb. The llama genome was reported to be base pairs by Romanini [2]. This means that the library would have to contain 196,224 different inserts to cover the entire genome. Of course, this operates on the assumption that each segment of the genome was only copied into one insert. In reality, there are probably certain segments from the genome that are copied multiple times in several inserts.
Currently, there are 511 plates containing 384 wells each representing 36 μL of ligation reaction. Given an average insert size of 137.8 kb, this means that we currently have about 196,224 inserts represented in the library. We have an additional 950 μL of ligation reaction to electroporate and evaluate.
We hybridized the membranes with two low-copy probes, coat color genes, bovine tyrosinase (GenBank NM_174480.3), and Lama pacos MC1R (GenBank EU135880). We observed 38 hits for the tyrosinase probe and 25 for MC1R. The average number of positive hits for these hybridizations was 31.5, which is higher than the estimated genome coverage of the library. This discrepancy may be due to an underestimation of the genome coverage of the library or it may reflect the presence of duplicate genetic loci for these genes in the llama genome.
4. Conclusions
We successfully created about a 9-fold llama BAC library. Using this library, we characterized 480 of our 196,224 clones. The llama BAC library is an important genomic resource that can be utilized for the improvement of camelid production for subsistence farmers on the Altiplano and commercial producers throughout the Andean Region. The library can also be used in the assembly of contigs for generation of a physical map. The physical map will be an important step in unraveling the ancestry of domesticated South American camelids, llama, and alpaca, to better understand its relationship with wild relatives, vicuna and guanaco, that are found throughout the region. Moreover, physical mapping would allow one to do synteny studies utilizing the DNA sequence information from camelids. We envision that the genomic resources developed for South American camelids may be useful in comparative analyses with closely related species of economic importance in Africa and Asia.
In addition, our llama BAC library can be used to physically map genes to specific loci using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technology. Previously, mapping of genomes in sheep and pigs has led to significant increases in addressing questions in genetic research. For instance, marker-assisted selection has been used to remove deleterious traits within a short time using genome mapping [13, 14]. Additionally, a wide array of research has been furthered using the RPCI-11 human BAC library created in 2001, that is, insert-end sequencing, clone fingerprinting, high-throughput sequence analysis, and diagnostic studies [19]. Our project and the future projects using our BAC library will aid in llama production throughout the world.
This project was funded, in part, by a grant from the Utah Department of Agriculture and the Brigham Young University Office of Research and Creative Activities. A special thanks to Marcie Young, David White, Dan Allen, Danielle Call, Chad Marsing, Victor Parraguez, Etel Latorre, Jaime Ruiz, Luis Espinoza, and Cleria Espinoza for their help and insight in this work.
- H.-B. Zhang, Construction and Manipulation of Large-Insert Bacterial Clone Libraries, Texas A&M University, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences and Crop Biotechnology Center, 2000.
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SNYDER Sarah Salinas hit a run-scoring double in the top of the seventh inning to give Monterey a 3-2 victory over Snyder in a season opener for both teams Tuesday.
With two outs, Salinas drove home Amy Dalrymple, who singled in the inning.
The double made a winner of pitcher Sara Davila, who struck out 10 and allowed just two hits in a complete game.
Monterey 200 000 1 -- 3 9 4
Snyder 200 000 0 -- 2 2 2
Davila and Barnes; Ashley and Vanessa. 2B: Monterey, Davila, Salinas; Amber. Records: Monterey 1-0, Snyder 0-1.
© 2017. All Rights Reserved. | Contact Us


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Toyota Product Liability Lawsuits May Be Reopened Over Withheld Evidence
Following recent allegations that important safety information involving Toyota rollover accidents was withheld or destroyed, several attorneys are attempting to reopen cases against the automaker.
Courts will be asked to reopen at least 17 Toyota product liability lawsuits, and up to 300 cases could have been impacted by the information that plaintiffs lawyers will argue should have been disclosed, according to a report by USA Today.
The allegations of fraud and racketeering come after attorney Dimitrios Biller, a former lead defense counsel for Toyota Motor Corp., filed a lawsuit alleging that Toyota officials knowingly withheld evidence in a number of product liability lawsuits in which he represented the company. Biller alleged that the company lied about crash safety data and convinced engineers to lie on the witness stand.
According to USA Today, an attorney in California filed to reopen two cases last week and a Dallas attorney plans to file today to reopen 15 Toyota rollover accident lawsuits. Other product liability lawyers throughout the country are also considering requests to reopen cases.
Biller was a former managing counsel for Toyota Motor Sales, USA Inc. from 2003 to 2007, and was in charge of Toyota's National Rollover Program. According to the lawsuit, which was first reported by CBS News on August 29, Biller claims to have lost his job after repeatedly confronting Toyota officials about the illegally withheld evidence in rollover lawsuits. Biller alleged that he was told repeatedly by Toyota executives that they had no intention of turning over the requested evidence.
Toyota has filed a motion to seal the complaint, alleging that it contains privileged information. They also labeled the claims made by Biller as "inaccurate and misleading."
Tags: Accident, Product Liability, Toyota, Toyota 4Runner, Toyota Rollover


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NEW YORK (AP) — Notorious "club kid" killer Michael Alig has been released from prison after serving 17 years for killing his roommate over a drug debt.
Alig was released from the Mid-State Correctional Facility in Marcy, N.Y., on Monday.
Alig, 48, was part of a decadent 1990s party scene characterized by wild costumes and rampant drug use. He pleaded guilty to manslaughter in 1997 for killing Andre "Angel" Melendez.
Alig admitted that he and co-defendant Robert "Freeze" Riggs killed Melendez, cut the body up and dumped the parts in the Hudson River.
Riggs also pleaded guilty to manslaughter. He was released in 2010.
The story was turned into the 2003 movie "Party Monster," in which Macaulay Culkin played Alig.
The newly freed Alig joked on Twitter that so many cameras were recording his release he felt like Kim Kardashian. He also tweeted a photo of his "first burrito of freedom."
Alig maintained a social media presence while behind bars although he had no access to a computer, dictating tweets to a friend over the prison phone.
According to his Twitter bio, he is finishing a book he wrote in prison titled "Aligula."


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Hope E. Pillen, of Otisville, age 91, passed away Monday, October 21, 2013 at Gentiva Hospice. Cremation has taken place. Private Services will be held. Hope was born in Forest Township, MI on April 16, 1922, daughter of the late William and Muriel (Clohs) Crampton. She married Arnold Pillen in Flint, MI on June 28, 1941 and he preceded her in death on January 23, 1984. Hope was a member of the Davison VFW Post #4087 Ladies Auxiliary. Hope is survived by her children, Darrell A. (Marsha) Pillen, Delbert D. Pillen and friend Karen; six grandchildren; 13 great-grandchildren; one great-great grandchild; two sisters; three brothers; many nieces and nephews. She was preceded in death by her daughter, Sharron E. Beam and her husband Delmis; one brother; one sister. Please share your thoughts with the family at www.allenfuneralhomeinc.com
The My Memorials Facebook app allows you to:


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MONTREAL – Marco Di Vaio did extend his contract, but the decision wasn't just his.
The Montreal Impact Designated Player said when he met with the media Friday morning that his family life affected whether he would continue in MLS.
Di Vaio and the club finally came to an agreement on Tuesday, when the club exercised their option with the Italian forward's blessing and rewarded him with a salary increase.
The Italian striker confirmed that it was his mother-in-law who fell ill this summer when his wife and daughters went back to Italy. But as the situation improved, the family decided on Di Vaio carrying on in Montreal despite the inconveniences.
- Get the latest Montreal Impact news at ImpactMontreal.com
"I took time to make that decision because I have to talk to my wife and make sure that she could stay in Italy by herself for a year," said Di Vaio, who is tied for the league lead with 19 goals. "I want to keep on playing. It's my life. So I want to thank my wife, my family and Joey [Saputo, club president]."
Di Vaio denied the various reports from Italy hinting that Bologna had approached him for a return on the field in Serie A, but he did corroborate those suggesting that the Rossoblù were already sewing his name to a club executive chair.
In fact, a deal was struck when Di Vaio signed with Montreal that allowed him to leave for an executive job in Bologna come his contract's end.
"But I'm not ready to be an executive," the 37-year-old Di Vaio said. "I want to keep playing, and I can keep playing. And the only team I'd play for is the Impact. I never thought about going back to play for Bologna. If I go back, it's to make a change in my life, to do something else."
But Di Vaio is already getting some executive practice.
With the Impact announcing on Friday that the career of legendary defender – and Di Vaio's best friend – Alessandro Nesta would be celebrated before this Saturday's game against the Philadelphia Union at Stade Saputo (2 pm ET; MLS Live), likely signaling the end of his illustrious career, Saputo revealed that Di Vaio had handed him a long list of potential replacements.
"A lot of players want to come here, but I don't know that they're the same level as Alessandro," Di Vaio said. "Alessandro is, for me, one of the best defenders in the world. … We are sad at this moment because he's finishing his career, but maybe he'll continue to work in soccer."


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Bryan Webb shares seafood culinary secrets
Bryan Webb, chef/patron at the Michelin rated Tyddyn Llan in Denbighshire, will be sharing the secrets of cooking seafood at the Aberaeron Seafood Festival on July 10.
The festival, which takes place on the harbour, has become a popular feature in the picturesque seaside resort's calendar, and is aimed at celebrating the superb fruits of the sea yielded by the clear coastal waters of West Wales.
"I have noticed a big increase in interest in seafood at Tyddyn Llan, since I gained the Michelin star," says Bryan. "I think people believe that it takes outstanding skill to cook fish and want to see it carried out by an expert."
"However, I'd like to help demystify the process. There's no reason why you can't have a great fish dinner at home. The trick is to make sure that your fish is very fresh, as the quality of the raw ingredients is paramount. Don't overcook the seafood or you'll wreck the flavour, and don't smother it in an overpowering sauce, as that will prevent the delicate flavour of the fish from coming through."
One of Bryan's signature dishes is griddled scallops with vegetable relish and rocket.
"I only used hand-dived scallops at Tyddyn Llan, as their flavour is outstanding. The trick with this dish is to sear the scallops over a very high heat so that the flavour is locked in," he explains.
"This is one of my favourite dishes, not only do I serve it up in the restaurant, I eat it at home, and often cook it when Susan and I have friends around for a meal."
Bryan Webb will be appearing at the Aberaeron Seafood Festival on Sunday, July 10.
For more information, visit: aberaeron.info/seafood


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xking i cant read ur private message write it again..
unlckily .. doesn't work for us ..
Blackshot DEV Team Member - Sonofhero .
Blackshot Project+ Member - Sonofhero .
Proud to be me . Proud to be MPGH member .
NOTE: I Am The ''Famous Leecher''
xking i cant read ur private message write it again..
xking some characters like adam and us marina cann not see with wallhack the players are not be seen if they use character adam or us marine or golden suit -.- shit hack
Still Working [ONLY BS EUROPE] , xking1995 release "totalitem.bsv" for get nz1 weapons
tonight i try spend my time for garena using this totalitem file ...
It's work la.im using it now


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I would like to know the meaning of the next two sentences.
1. I just don't have a sense of urgency where school is involved.
2. I hope that's urgent enough for you!
1. He's not in any hurry to get to school.
2. After his mom made him eat more quickly he pretended that his food nearly choked him to make her feel guilty.
It's not a very funny cartoon.
Forum Rules


text: Selected as Party of the Day on January 17th! Shabby Chic 2nd Birthday Party By Katie W in Birthday Pin It Share Facebook Twitter Google + Copy LinkLink Heart68 View all photos Drinks Party Recap 💬 2 comments Caitlin M wrote: Where did you find the #2 topper and the flower tablecloth clips? :) Jan 14, 2014 Katie W wrote: I made them. The topper was was just a 2 I cut out and covered with a piece of lace i had. The flowers are made from satin material and pinned on the tablecloth. Hope that helps! Jan 14, 2014 To leave a comment Log in -or- Join the party


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The "featured article" today on the Big Government blog, part of the Andrew Breitbart family of websites, is a post made by Project 21 member Bob Parks on the response of Project 21 members to the NAACP's scurrilous allegation that the tea party movement is racist.
Big Government is also running individual commentaries condemning the NAACP from a long list of Project 21 members and other black conservatives. Pop over to BigGovernment.com and take a look at this continuing series.


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Whooping Cranes Reach Texas in Record Numbers
AUSTIN, Texas, December 12, 2007 (ENS) – For the fifth year in a row, a recordbreaking number of whooping cranes have completed their winter migration to the Coastal Bend area of Texas, according to state wildlife scientists.
So far, 257 whoopers have reached Texas, breaking the previous count of 237 birds that were present last winter, and experts predict a few more are still on the way.
"I estimate that more than 97 percent of the flock has completed the migration so far. We know of four birds that are still in migration, so that raises the estimated flock size to 261," said National Whooping Crane Coordinator Tom Stehn.
At nearly five feet tall, whooping cranes are the tallest birds in North America. They have a wingspan that measures 7.5 feet across.
An endangered whooping crane at Aransas National Wildlife Refuge. (Photo courtesy TPWD)
Whooping cranes breed in the wetlands of Wood Buffalo National Park in northern Canada and spend the winter on the Texas coast at Aransas National Wildlife Refuge near Rockport.
Whooping cranes begin their fall migration south to Texas in mid-September and begin the spring migration north to Canada in late March or early April.
In addition to increasing their numbers, whoopers have also expanded their range, says the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, TPWD.
The Aransas National Wildlife Refuge is the primary wintering home for the cranes, but this year a record 82 cranes were documented on Matagorda Island, and a record 13 cranes were seen on the Lamar Peninsula.
The 31 cranes at Welder Flats tie the previous record high there.
Whoopers also have settled on private lands such as San Jose Island and the Lamar Peninsula, and private landowners are playing a role by providing flock activity updates and observations to state wildlife scientists.
"We've passed the highest number we've seen since counts began in 1937 said Lee Ann Johnson Linam, TPWD wildlife biologist. "The good news is that for the last several years we've set a new record each year, so we're on the right track."
Whooping cranes have been on the endangered species list since 1970, when only 56 birds survived in the wild in a flock that winters in Texas and nests in Canada during the summers.
That flock grew to 100 birds by 1986 and passed the 200 bird mark in 2004.
These cranes can live up to 24 years in the wild. Whooping cranes mate for life, but will accept a new mate if one dies.
Protected in Canada, the United States and Mexico, whooping cranes are one of the rarest bird species in North America.
The greatest threats to whooping cranes are power lines, illegal hunting, and habitat loss. Because the Gulf International Waterway goes through their habitat area, the cranes are vulnerable to chemical spills and petroleum contamination.
Texas continues to play a key role in the survival and recovery of this endangered species, says the TPWD, and today the flock that winters in Texas continues to be the only self-sustaining wild population in the world.
Although most whoopers have completed the migration, conservationists are still asking the public to report any sightings of whooping cranes to the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department at 800-792-1112, ext. 4644 or 512-847-9480.
Sightings may also be reported by e-mail at: email@example.com


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Yesterday, Congressman Dennis Cardoza (D-Merced) and Congressman Jeff Denham (R-Stanislaus) sent another letter to President Obama urging him to visit the Central Valley so he can see firsthand the devastating effects of the housing and economic crises. Congressman Cardoza has repeatedly called on the President to tour the Valley, and sent a letter last February urging him to make a stop in the region during a planned trip to California. The Central Valley has been ground-zero for the housing crisis, and unemployment has risen above 20% in some communities. Modesto, Stockton and Merced, which Congressman Cardoza represents, all rank in the top 10 for highest foreclosure rates in the country, and three out of five homeowners are "under water," owing more on their home loans than their houses are worth.
President Barack Obama
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20500
Dear Mr. President,
It is difficult to overstate the deep and intractable economic difficulties in California's Central Valley. A region already in difficulty before the financial crisis due to long-standing water issues was devastated by the collapse in the housing market and more than three years later, many of our constituents have lost hope for their future and faith in their government. Unemployment rates remain double the national average in many communities and foreclosure rates continue to be among the highest in the nation.
The Central Valley is the most productive farmland in the United States; in fact the top five counties in the country for agricultural production are all located in the Valley. However this industry, upon which so much of our local economy depends, was already in crisis before the financial collapse. This was both the result of natural drought and judicial and regulatory overreach that arbitrarily reduced water allocations putting thousands of people out of work. This year, despite being one of the wettest on record in California, inadequate allocations and continued obstruction of needed infrastructure improvements have meant that the water crisis has continued to hobble this important job creating and export intensive industry.
The lack of an effective solution to the water crisis is mirrored in the continued inability to provide relief to homeowners struggling with negative equity on their homes. There has been little indication that we have turned a corner in the Central Valley. Modesto and Stockton, two cities in our districts, rank no. 3 and no. 4 respectively on the list of metropolitan areas with the highest foreclosure rate. In Washington D.C., a city that has experienced no crisis, statistics like these are academic and do not convey the true distress experienced by so many families. That is why we would like to take the opportunity one more time, to invite you to see the situation firsthand, to hear the stories and to work with us to find a bipartisan path to recovery.
Jeff Denham Dennis Cardoza
United States Representative United States Representative
Source: http://cardoza.house.gov/index.cfm?sectionid=87&parentid=6§iontree=6,87&itemid=813


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We are excited to announce our 2013: "SUPER HERO SPRINT" to fight cancer.
This year we have two options for participants:
(Option 1) Competitive 5k Race $15.00 per individual. *Free t-shirt while supplies last.
This option will include awards for the top finishers within age and gender brackets. Refer to the registration form for age groupings. Registration fee is $20.00 on day of Race.
(Option 2) 1 Mile Fun Run/Walk $10.00 for the family or group of friends.
This option is perfect for families or groups of friends. The $10.00 donation does not include a T-Shirt. You may purchase a t-shirt for an additional $5.00. Additional shirt orders must be received prior to March 31.
Download Registration Form (PDF)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------For more information, contact: Davis Student Programs Event Coordinator: Erik Ashby Phone: (801)395-3514 Email: email@example.com


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Vogue Italia: 'Natural Hair Trend' on the Fashion Runway14 mars 2012
Are the mainstream media and fashion houses finally embracing 'Natural Hair'.
According to Vogue Italia's recent profile of the natural hair movement, black models with natural hair is the new trend at the forefront of high fashion catwalks. Tons of famous black models have ripped the runways with long flowing hair, however, fashion designers and editors are now requesting some of their models to ditch the weaves for the runway while recognizing the beauty that comes from black women being au naturale.
When Viola Davis stepped on the Oscars red carpet a few weeks ago and showed off her short natural 'fro', the media thought it was headline news but we can't forget that celebs like Solange Knowles, Jill Scott, Lauryn Hill and Kim Coles have been rocking the natural curls for a minute now. It's interesting to see it spill over into high fashion.
Check out models like Herieth Paul, Ajak Deng, Akuol de Mabior and more working the runways with their natural locks below:


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Looking back on the past year my Blog has already far exceeded even a 5 year plan I could have envisioned for it when I started it in February. My blog wasn't ever really meant to be for the public necessarily. I had planned on doing a few Review and Giveaway events and then just post every so often … [Read more...]
Archives for December 2010
Looking Back on the Past Year
Popcorn Factory Does Not Deliver Properly
I placed on order for a gift through the Popcorn Factory because I have seen such great reviews of their product and service. I wanted a fun gift for a friend's family on New Years Eve so I thought that this would be perfect. As my readers know I never ever do this but Popcorn Factory's response is … [Read more...]
Happy Aloha Friday
The way it works is you post a short question on your blog and link up each week at An Island Life the hostess of this event so others can come and visit your blog and answer your question. Everyone can post their own question just make sure to keep it family friendly.Our … [Read more...]
#Syringomyelia Awareness Event: We Need You!
Pencil Drawing courtesy of Art Sweet. As a Blogger I receive daily emails asking me to help support one cause or another. I share as many as I feel are relevant and appropriate with all of you. It is interesting that I have never been approached by anyone to do health awareness events. I know that … [Read more...]
Claritin Will Feed Dogs in Need with Your Help
If you have a facebook account you can help feed the animals living at Best Friends Animal Society. Just upload a photo of your pet so the makers of Claritin will feed animals in need. For each pet uploaded Claritin will donate food so that 3 animals living at Best Friends Animal Society can eat for … [Read more...]
Okies Promise: Raising Awareness of Animal and Child Abuse
artwork by artist BZTATFrom the artist BZTATWelcome to Okey's Promise.This is a site to share information about a public art project designed to create awareness about the connections between animal maltreatment, child abuse and domestic violence. Statistics back up my own anecdotal experience as … [Read more...]
Driver Stops Bus to Save Puppy
Oregon: On Nov. 16, around 9 a.m., a tiny black and white Chihuahua-Dachshund mix waddled its way onto 19th Avenue where a line of vehicles, including a TriMet bus, stopped to avoid squashing it. The driver of the Line 57 bus hopped out of the cab and scooped the puppy up for safekeeping, then … [Read more...]
Wordless Wednseday
IndianaDon't forget to head on over to BlogPaws to link up your Wordless Wednesday Posts. … [Read more...]
Annual Sand Scultping Event Showcases Creepy Crawlies
Flea Circus by Susanne RuselerHow amazing are these Sand Sculptures! I know most of you will not be able to go and see them but for those of you who live in Australia or are planning a vacation there in the next few months you might want to include this event on your to do list.Creepy Crawlies, the … [Read more...]
A Very Happy Ending for Guide Dog and Owner
Bill Ward has a way with wayward animals. That must be why a guide dog that needed help finding its way home Sunday turned to the lifelong Manatee resident. Ferris -- a black Labrador retriever owned by Ward's Fair Lane Acres mobile home park neighbor, Paul Styczko -- showed up on Ward's doorstep … [Read more...]


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This is a question that comes up often in the Thrifting For Profit Facebook Group.
(note: this is a free group. To sign up just click here, then click on the "join" button and we'll add you to the group ASAP.)
In this post we'll summarize the information and opinions we've gathered about these two different scouting tools. As we find other useful info, we'll continue to add it to this post.
Both a SmartPhone and a PDA are useful when scouting. Which one you choose to use will depend up on what and where you are scouting. And you don't need to choose just one. You could use both.
Beth started with her SmartPhone and now ALSO uses a PDA. Debra still uses just her SmartPhone.
Why a SmartPhone?
Using your SmartPhone with a scanning app (like Profit Bandit) has many advantages.
- It is convenient since you probably carry your cell phone with you anyway.
- It allows you to get "real-time" data from Amazon.
- You can easily pop onto the web to look up more info about the item you are considering purchasing.
- You need to have a SmartPhone with a data package.
- While you can get these on month-to-month contracts, it still is an added expense if you don't currently have one.
- If you have no cell signal, you can't Scout.
- You may not have cell service in the way back of stores for instance.
You will also need:
- A Scouting App to use to look up items you are considering purchasing.
- Our favorite Scouting App: Profit Bandit. Read our review of Profit Bandit here and see it in action here.
- Not absolutely necessary but very nice to have is a small hand-held barcode scanner called a ScanFob – check out our ScanFob FAQ page here.
What we use:
- Debra has an older Android phone. Beth has a Droid Razr Maxx.
- Both of us use ScanFobs with our SmartPhones (a "Nicety" NOT a necessity).
- Both of us use Profit Bandit as our Scouting App. We also have the free Amazon Price Check App on our phones.
Why a PDA?
While a PDA may seem like "old school" technology, they are actually quite useful for Scouting – and they are not just for books!
- Super FAST look-up of items.
- No cell service needed at all.
- No "data" package needed.
- Some services (like Neatoscan) allow you to:
- use an ear piece and it will speak the price and/or rank and other info to you.
- easily set buying parameters
- set it up so no pricing information is shown on the screen which is good for giving to employees.
- Dependent upon which service you sign up with, you may be able to download numerous Amazon item categories. (Neatoscan accesses 23 categories).
- You need a PDA, scanner and a monthly service.
- They are slightly larger than a smart phone.
- While the database you download is updated often, it is not "real-time" data like the live scouting apps on cell phones.
- You need to remember to update the database at least a few hours before you need it.
What we use:
- Debra does not have a PDA (yet).
- Beth uses a Dell Axim x51v with a Socket Scanner that plugs into a slot on the top of the PDA. She uses NeatoPricer from NeatoScan.
- Nathan Holmquist has done a nice break-down of what is needed, how much to pay and where to find it here.
More about SmartPhones and PDAs:
Discussion about SmartPhones vs. PDAs on the Thrifting For Profit Facebook Group:
(note: this is a free group. To sign up just click here, then click on the "join" button and we'll add you to the group ASAP.)
- http://www.facebook.com/groups/thriftingforprofit/permalink/458578127524194
- "Do you get better results with your cell phone and Profit Bandit or with your PDA?" http://www.facebook.com/groups/thriftingforprofit/permalink/456485944400079/
- You can read about one of our group members experience with getting her PDA here: http://www.facebook.com/groups/thriftingforprofit/permalink/452992311416109/?comment_id=455650364483637&offset=0&total_comments=76
- Discussion about PDAs here: http://www.facebook.com/groups/thriftingforprofit/permalink/440177982697542
- Discussion about using ASellerTool (AST) with a rented PDA and scanner – looks like a NICE option: https://www.facebook.com/groups/thriftingforprofit/permalink/485366868178653
- More about ASellerTool(AST) here: http://www.facebook.com/groups/thriftingforprofit/permalink/486000838115256/
Here is a great video from Rob Anderson where he shows a SmartPhone and a PDA in action:
What other questions or comments do you have about Scouting with a SmartPhone or a PDA?
We invite you to come on over and post 'em on the free Thrifting For Profit Facebook Group.
(note: this is a free group. To sign up just click here, then click on the "join" button and we'll add you to the group ASAP.)
Or, post your questions and comments below.


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Children's Ministry
Sunday Mornings for Children
Children of all ages are welcome in our worship services.
Activity bags are available at the doors to the sanctuary. Children's Time is part of each service and invites children down front for a special message from our Director of Children's Ministry.
Nursery and Sunday school are offered during each worship hour.
School Year Room Assignments Summer Room Assignments Campus Map
Nursery (Birth - 2 years)
A professionally staffed nursery is available for infants and toddlers from 8:30 - 12 noon each Sunday. Pagers are available upon request.
Sunday School (3 years - 6th grade)
Classes are offered at each worship hour:
8:45 3 years - 5 years/kindergarten
9:45 3 years - 6th grade
11:00 3 years - 3rd grade
6th Grade School Year
Our Confirmation program runs from September through May and culminates in a special service of joining.
Sunday Morning Special Needs Ministry
At FUMCR we want to share God's love with everyone, reaching each child in a way they can learn best. All children are welcome here. If your child has a special need, please contact Director of Children's Ministries, Cheryl Bishop at 972.996.0120. We would like to accommodate your child in the best way possible.
• Our Sunday School Buddy Program offers a volunteer assigned to help your child while in Sunday school or in a separate classroom.
• A specific special needs Sunday school classroom for children who need a different environment than traditional Sunday school is available. Please contact Cheryl Bishop, 972.996.0121, in advance in order to ensure that a teacher will be present.


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Featured Articles!
Ever wonder why some herbs are popular in summer while others gain prominence in fall and winter? There are some very good reasons why we use mint, parsley, lavender and lemongrass in summer, and why sage, rosemary, thyme, hyssop and others are considered winter herbs.>> read "Warming Herbs for Winter" #Herbs #Recipes #Winter
Whether you are a veteran victory gardener or an eager beginner with a few pots, experts agree that a little advance scheming makes for a better garden, saving time, money and wear and tear on your own momentum. February, with its frigid air, freezing rain and slumbering garden, is a perfect time for planning.>> read "Winter Planning for the Spring Garden" #Design #Spring #Winter
A cold winter evening is just the right kind of weather to fire up the oven and bake the fruits of fall and winter, savory winter squash (and that includes pumpkins). The aroma that drifts through the house will make even the pickiest eater hungry. Best of all, because they store so well, you can usually purchase all types through the winter months.>> read "Versatile Winter Squash: Stuffed or Gratin" #Recipes #Vegetables #Winter
As the Director of the Allen Centennial Garden, a public garden on the campus of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, I'm always on the lookout for plants that extend the season of interest for our visitors. Plants that are hardy, easy to grow and dependable rank high on this list of some of our favorites.>> read "11 Plants that Love the Cold" #Colorful #Feature #Winter
If you are looking for a winter crop that is easy to grow indoors and adds freshness and nutrition to many dishes, grow microgreens. Microgreens are the seedlings of many of the greens and other vegetables we commonly grow in the garden, harvested when the plants have grown just one set of true leaves ...>> read "Growing Microgreens" #Advice #Winter
Not all roses need winter protection, but for those that do, here's how to prepare them for a long winter nap.
Summer is just a memory now for gardeners as they clean and stow their tools and look forward to the holidays. But before you get sidetracked, have you thought about putting your roses to bed for the winter ...
Most of the harm from snow really comes from how we get rid of it. Time for a little rethink. Who doesn't love new snow? The white blanket softens the world and makes everything look new. And it's a good thing for the garden. Snow cover insulates the soil so it is less likely to thaw and then freeze again. Enveloping snow protects plant tissue from cold snaps and adds moisture when it melts in spring.>> read "Hold the Salt" #Environment #Winter
Give yourself the gift of amazing outdoor art
As a lifelong resident of the Midwest, I can attest to how brutal Mother Nature can be in the winter. White can be the predominant color from November all the way through March during particularly snowy winters. Waiting for the snow to thaw and the dreariness of winter to be replaced ...>> read "Winterscape With Garden Art" #Winter
New from our Bloggers:
Seed Viability
Will your seeds germinate and grow plants?
Pruning Sports on Dwarf Alberta Spruce
Pruning a Dwarf Alberta Spruce
4 Shrubs to Plant in Your Pennsylvania Garden
Best greenery you can plant in summer.
Featured Books for Pennsylvania
Pamela Crawford
$ 19.95
>> buy book
>> more info
A complete guide to simple container gardening designed for anyone who has ever killed a plant. It includes illustrated instructions to create gorgeous, fool-proof container gardens that even you can't kill!
>> more information
Dorie Byers
$ 16.95
>> buy book
>> more info
Enhance your health naturally with herbs from your own garden. Even if you've never gardened before, you can care for yourself and your family using time-tested herbal remedies harvested from your own medicinal herb garden. Master Gardener Dorie Byers offers simple growing instructions for more than 20 versatile medicinal herbs such as garlic, chamomile, and echinacea. You'll also find recipes and tips for using the herbs for first-aid and preventive health care.
>> more information