text:
Quarterback Jeff Lockie's fourth touchdown pass of the night, a 29-yard hookup with Dalis Bruce with 1:38 left in the game, broke a tie and gave the host Monte Vista High football team a 38-31 victory over rival San Ramon Valley in front of a huge crowd Friday night.
"This was a big win," said Lockie, who finished the night 22 for 32 passing for 280 yards, including three touchdown passes to favorite receiver Bryce McGovern. "Games between Monte Vista and San Ramon Valley are always good ones. They're always a dogfight to the end."
Both teams figure to to be part of the upcoming North Coast Section 4A playoffs.
The Mustangs (7-3 overall, 5-2 EBAL) led 24-17 at halftime and went up 31-17 in the third quarter on a 31-yard strike to McGovern with 8:58 left in the third quarter. The unstoppable 5-foot-10, 195-pound senior receiver finished the night with 11 catches for 207 yards. He also ran for a score.
However, the Wolves (5-5, 2-5) fought back. San Ramon Valley answered Monte Vista's last touchdown with a six-play, 64-yard scoring drive. Quarterback Zach Kline (12 for 24, 165 yards) had a 26-yard completion to Trent Peterson, and Jordan Weiss added a 31-yard run to set up a 7-yard Kline-to-Peterson touchdown with 6:17 left in the quarter. A Mustangs fumble on the ensuing kickoff gave the Wolves the ball again and they marched 40 yards on five plays, the TD coming on a 4-yard pass to Michael Tagliaferri to tie the game at 31 with 5:06 to go in the third quarter.
On the winning touchdown, Lockie was under pressure and flipped a safety valve pass to the left to Bruce. Bruce made a nice move and darted down the left sideline. He broke a couple tackles at the 15 and then ran the rest of the way for the touchdown and the 38-31 lead.
The Wolves made one last run at the tie, driving from their own 29 to the Monte Vista 12 before turning the ball over on downs.


text: MILANO, 4 luglio (Reuters) - FRANKFURT, July 4 (Reuters) - The European Central Bank reported the following daily data on liquidity provision, in millions of euros. TODAY PREV DAY Use of overnight loan facility 3 Use of overnight deposit facility 28,784 Current account holdings 220,240 Outstanding open market operations 594,797 First covered bond purchase programme 34,808 Second covered bond purchase programme 14,089 The ECB completed its first, year-long 60 billion euros covered bond buying programme in June 2010 and its second one in November 2012, after spending less than half of the 40 billion euros it originally earmarked. The total value of the programmes occasionally fluctuates due to valuation issues or if bonds purchased mature. For data double click on ECBCBP=ECBF and ECBCBP2=ECBF. For additional details click here For details of previous ECB overnight lending operations, see: here For data on ECB market operations please click EUROREF00 For Reuters calculation of money market liquidity level please click ECBNOMLIQ=. To graph right click and select 'graph' option. (Reporting by Frankfurt newsroom)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
|My Thai--all the way on the 2nd floor!
|The view as you ascend the stairs. Nothing pretty.
|Coconut Soup: Tom Kha Gai
|Spring Rolls
|I think this is the Pad Thai
|And I believe this is the veggie duck
When Mr. Scissors and I were in Boston a few weeks ago, it turned out that our hotel happily was right near my old college dorm. When I went completely veg my junior year of college, I often frequented a vegetarian restaurant called "Buddha's Delight" that was right around the corner from my domicile, so I was quite excited that we'd be able to visit it for old time's sake. Many 'o hardcore show I attended were wrapped up by large groups of tattooed, sweaty teenagers making their way over to Buddha's. Oh! Memories!
Buddha's Delight used to be right on the corner of Beach and Tremont (in Chinatown) on the first floor of a building. Then it closed and re-opened in a building next door and then all the way up onto the second floor. Then that closed, and reopened as its current incarnation, My Thai Vegan Cafe, with a, you guessed it, a more Thai-inspired menu. I believe the owners are the same. For it seems like it has had the same staff since the beginning of recorded time.
I don't think I need to do an extensive review on My Thai--it is what it is. You won't get ambience or gourmet food, but what you will get is reasonably priced, reasonably good, hot meals. Their menu is extensive consisting of lots of appetizers, various noodle and rice dishes, and lots of mock meats. It's not a place to take a girl to impress her with your prowess, but it's 5th or 6th date material. Everything I have had their has been delish, so no complaints from me, but I am sure Gordon Ramsey would have a field day critiquing the place! Definitely worth checking out if you are in the neighborhood.
PS: They close pretty early, so no late night dining, Romeo!
My Thai Vegan Cafe
3 Beach Street, 2nd Floor
Boston, MA 02111
(617) 451-2395


text:
Author: Tommo
Published: 24-May-06
Amy loves a guy with muscles and I could tell she was impressed. She unbuckled his belt and began to unzip his pants. She let his pants drop and began to pull down his boxers. She let out a gasp when she saw his cock. It was at least ten inches and very thick.
* * * * * * *
Amy and I have been married for a number of years and the thought of her being with another man has always turned me on. When we first started dating we were both in college. Amy and her friends would periodically drive to another university to spend the weekend with friends. As our relationship grew she stopped going away on weekends and spent more time with me. One evening she admitted that her trips to the other university also involved sexual encounters with a guy she met there. Being eighteen years old she was really starting to explore her sexuality. I initially felt very jealous about it but it also turned me on. During sex I would ask her to tell me about her sexual exploits and she admitted that her weekends were filled with sex with this guy. She said that they would fuck four or five times a day and she really enjoyed it. It turned me on to think of her being slutty for another guy.
We dated throughout college and I ended up graduating earlier than she did. I started working at a job in another city while she finished her college degree. I would visit her on the weekends and stay with her in her apartment. I was making a little money now so when I'd go up for the weekends I would bring her presents such as sexy lingerie, sex toys, etc. I would also buy her sexy dresses that were low cut. We would go out for dinner and I always had her dress in a nice dress, wear a garter belt, stockings, high heels, push up bra and a lacy g-string. She loved to dress sexy for me and I loved to show her off. Amy is an attractive lady with a great body. She has 36D breasts and when she wore a low cut dress her cleavage looked fantastic. I loved to show her off to other men and during our lovemaking sessions used to tell her how sexy I thought it would be to watch her fuck another guy. That always seemed to turn her on.
We married after she graduated from college and our sex life continued to be awesome. She loved to dress up for me and we continued to have a lot of fun. We also continued to discuss her having sex with other men. One evening I surprised her with a new sex toy. It was a huge black dildo which was very realistic. I also had purchased a videotape of a white wife having sex with a well hung black man while her husband videotaped the action. We settled into bed and I popped in the tape. Amy watched intently at the action on the screen and became quite aroused. That's when I pulled out the big black dildo and began to tease her pussy with it. I slowly eased that big cock into her and she moaned with pleasure as I fucked her wet pussy with it. After our session I told her that her pussy looked good with that big black dick in it and that one day maybe she could have the real thing. She kind of giggled and said OK.
One evening after dinner I told Amy that I had to go to San Francisco on business and that she should try to get off work and go with me. She agreed that it would be a lot of fun and agreed to go. When it came time to pack for our trip I suggested that she take along some nice dresses and some sexy lingerie. She laughed and said she knew what I had in mind. I smiled back at her.
On our first night in San Francisco we decided to go out to dinner. Amy asked me what I wanted her to wear and I suggested her red silk, wraparound dress. I love that dress because it's a wrap style dress so it can be very sexy and low cut if she chooses to wear it that way. I also suggested her black push up bra, matching garter belt and black stockings. That outfit always turns men's heads. She looked so sexy getting dressed that evening and I couldn't wait for the night to start.
We had a very romantic dinner and I bought Amy several drinks. She loosens up considerable after a couple of long island iced teas. After dinner we decided to head back to our hotel. Before heading up to our room I suggested a night cap at the hotel bar. We went in and got a table and the place was really crowded. We were staying at an upscale downtown hotel and they were really busy. After settling in at our table I noticed that Amy's dress had sort of opened up when she had crossed her legs and the tops of her stockings were showing. She didn't seem to be aware of that and I wasn't going to tell her. She was getting some looks from the business men at the bar and that was turning me on. I noticed one guy right away. He was a tall, well built black guy with a shaved head. Amy was also showing a little cleavage and this guy couldn't seem to take his eyes off of her. She was completely unaware of his interest.
The waiter brought over a couple of drinks and said that they were from the gentleman at the bar and pointed to the black guy who simply smiled and waved at us. I told the waiter to tell him thanks and to join us for a drink. Amy gave me a knowing look and I simply smiled. Josh joined us for a drink and he sat next to my wife in the booth. It was one of those half circle type booths and Amy was sandwiched in between us. We had a few drinks and Josh was quite the gentleman. He was in town on business as well. He excused himself to go to the restroom and when he left, Amy asked me what the hell was going on. I told her to relax and enjoy herself. We were out of town and nobody knew us here and if things worked our right, maybe we could make that little fantasy of mine come true. She kind of gave me that devilish grin of hers and said "you better make sure that this is what you really want because Josh is pretty damn hot and I might just get my wish.
When Josh returned he asked Amy if she'd like to dance. Amy loves to dance and I'm not a dancer so I encouraged her. She looked so sexy sliding out of the booth. He dress opened up a little more and Josh got a great view of her sexy legs and stocking tops as she slide out of the booth. He smiled at me. On the dance floor they danced several fast songs and then the DJ put a slow song on. Amy started to walk off the stage but Josh grabbed her hand and pulled her back to him. He pulled her close and wrapped his arms around her and held her tightly. I noticed that during the dance Josh kept whispering in her ear. I also noticed that his hands began to slowly move down her back until he was rubbing her sexy ass. Amy had on a lacy black g-string and Josh might as well have been stroking her naked ass as thin as that silk dress was. Amy didn't protest as Josh fondled her ass through that dress. I knew right then that she was going to have her first black cock that night.
After they returned to the table, I told Josh that it looked like he was having a good time and enjoying Amy. He smiled and said that he found her to be very sexy. I asked him if he enjoyed feeling her sexy ass through her dress and he just smiled and said "what do you think" I asked if he'd like to join us in our room and he said he'd love to. Amy looked at me and asked "Are you sure I replied "absolutely!"
Amy and Josh walked hand in hand through the hotel lobby. I followed them. When we got into the room, Josh picked Amy up and carried her to the bed. He took her dress off, unclasped her bra and let her heavy tits out. He grabbed her breasts and began to rub her nipples. He thin slid her g-string off. She started to undress him. She took off his shirt and he had a heavily muscled chest. Amy loves a guy with muscles and I could tell she was impressed. She unbuckled his belt and began to unzip his pants. She let his pants drop and began to pull down his boxers. She let out a gasp when she saw his cock. It was at least ten inches and very thick. She took his cock in her mouth and began to suck him. She would alternate between sucking his cock and licking the shaft while stroking it with her hand. His cock glistened with her saliva and got extremely hard. He began to stroke her pussy with his hand while she was sucking him. He commented on how wet she was.
She licked and caressed his big black dick for quite awhile and then Josh said "I need to fuck you now" and picked her up and laid her back on the bed. He got on top of her and Amy grabbed his dick and guided it into her pussy. With one big push Josh impaled my wife with his monster dick. He reached underneath her and cupped her ass cheeks in his hands and slammed that dick into her. Amy moaned and I watched as her eyes rolled back in her head. She was talking dirty to him telling him to fuck her harder. Her legs were wrapped around him and I noticed that her toes were curled up. She was getting the fucking of her life. My dick was hard watching my wife being taken by her huge black lover. Josh was kissing her passionately and he fucked her hard for about fifteen minutes. All of the sudden he began to moan and it was obvious that he was pumping his load of cum into her pussy. They were both sweating and Josh collapsed on top of Amy squeezing the last drops of cum out of his big black dick into my hot little wife's swollen pussy. He laid on top of her for a few minutes catching his breath and then slowly withdrew himself from her. His cock glistened with their lovemaking juices. He rolled off Amy and laid next to her on the bed. Amy laid there with her legs spread as if she couldn't move. I noticed that her pussy was red and swollen. Her cunt was gaping open and Josh's semen was oozing out of her and down the crack of her ass.
Amy never looked sexier to me than she did at that moment. I told her how hot she looked and asked her if she had a good time. She smiled and said that it was the best sex she'd ever had. I thanked Josh for pleasing my beautiful bride and he said that the pleasure was all his. Josh fucked Amy two more times that night and many more times the rest of that week. Amy couldn't get enough of his black cock.
On the plane ride home, I was holding Amy's hand and asked her if she had any regrets. She laughed and said that the only regret she had was that we couldn't stay in San Francisco longer! I asked her if she'd like to experience big black cock again and she said that she'd love to. As we flew home I immediately began making plans to try to find her a regular well hung black lover.
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text:
After thirty-two years of university-level conducting, Mr. Stephen Heyde's eyes still light up as he describes how rewarding it is to conduct an orchestra of students. What began for him as a childhood love for the violin has become a career conducting symphony orchestras at Baylor and all over the world. By taking a chance on a series of opportunities both during and after his undergraduate years, Mr. Heyde discovered a new talent and love for conducting. It is this same open-mindedness and daring that Mr. Heyde encourages all undergraduate scholars to have as they pursue their goals.
Mr. Heyde studied violin as an undergraduate and went on to receive his Master's degree in violin performance. After teaching at West Virginia University for nine years, Mr. Heyde came to Baylor, where he is the Mary Franks Thompson Professor of Orchestral Studies and Conductor-in-Residence at Baylor University and the Conductor/Music Director of the Waco Symphony. Mr. Heyde travels across the country and around the world as a guest conductor to work with professional and student orchestras and musicians. Eleven of Mr. Heyde's former students now conduct professionally and many others are professional musicians.
Ashley Ham is one of Mr. Heyde's most successful recent students. When she became particularly interested in conducting as an undergraduate music major, she sought out Mr. Heyde to direct her Honors thesis. Ashley prepared Haydn's Surprise Symphony and Gustav Mahler's Songs of a Wayfarer and conducted these pieces in a performance with the Baylor Symphony Orchestra in the spring of 2005. Ashley's preparation included choosing the repertoire, conducting one movement at a time, deciding on bowings, musical interpretation, deciding how she would seat the orchestra, and conducting all rehearsals for the concert. In addition, she created the program and the program notes for the concert. Mr. Heyde guided her work by critiquing videotapes of her rehearsals and working with Ashley on how she would conduct each movement of the concert. As a result of this experience, Mr. Heyde said that Ashley "grew tremendously" and that she decided to change her graduate school path from viola performance to conducting. She is now working on her Master's degree at Florida State University.
The kind of experience that Ashley had through her thesis project is virtually unheard of at the undergraduate level in music, noted Mr. Heyde. However, he added that Baylor is the kind of place where enriching scholarly experiences are readily available. What the undergraduate scholar must do, he said, is to advocate for him- or herself and be willing to "step outside his or her boundaries, be persistent, and then accept the responsibility that goes with it." It is important to remember, he said, that "it all begins with asking if things are possible. There are times when they might not be possible. But if you don't ask, then you'll never know." By walking through an open door and seizing a new and unexplored opportunity, a student may discover that being flexible and daring produces a deeper and more exciting academic experience.


text:
Diversity Fueling Consumer Preferences for Leading Fast Casual Restaurants: GRILLiT, Chipotle, Einsteins, Jamba, Buffalo Wild Wings
Sep 23, 2013, 08:15 ET from FN Media Group LLC
CORAL SPRINGS, Florida, September 23, 2013 /PRNewswire/ --
FinancialNewsMedia.com issues news updates for today's innovative fast casual restaurant companies with potential high growth trends in the services sector: GRILLiT, Inc. (OTC: GRLT), Chipotle Mexican Grill Inc. (NYSE: CMG), Einstein Noah Restaurant (NASDAQ: BAGL), Jamba, Inc. (NASDAQ: JMBA) and Buffalo Wild Wings, Inc. (NASDAQ: BWLD).
GRILLIT®, INC. (OTC: GRLT) Headline: DR. PAUL AOUN JOINS GRILLIT AS SENIOR MEDICAL ADVISOR TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. The Company Seeks to Enhance Franchising Value Proposition - GRILLiT, Inc. (the "Company") oday announced that the Company has retained Dr. Paul Aoun to serve as Senior Medical Advisor to the Company's Board of Directors. Dr. Aoun is an endocrinologist who specializes in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, thyroid, and other metabolic and endocrine conditions. He will offer his expert medical knowledge and skills in order to continue promoting a positive health culture for the Company, and assist with creating new healthy menu item options for GRILLiT customers. GRILLiT's Chief Executive Officer, Ghazi Hajj, commented, "The Company has retained Dr. Aoun as part of our vision and campaign to promote a healthy living lifestyle (announced June 7, 2013). We feel extremely fortunate to have Dr. Aoun's services as we continue to provide a great tasting, yet extremely healthy, array of menu choices. I believe that emphasizing the healthy choice aspect is a key ingredient to attracting more and more customers, as well as new master franchisors and franchisees."
To read the entire press release, please go to http://www.fnmprofiles.com/profiles-grlt.php
Dr. Aoun currently serves as a clinical endocrinologist in South Florida and is an Affiliate Assistant Professor of the University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine. He received his Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in pharmacology and neuroscience from the University of North Texas Health Science Center in Fort Worth, Texas. He completed his Internal Medicine residency at Johns Hopkins University/Sinai Hospital Program, where he subsequently became Chief Resident of the department. He then went to Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN where he completed his clinical fellowship in Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism.
Chipotle Mexican Grill (CMG) is encouraging Washington State voters to support I-522 (Initiative Measure No. 522), also known as "the genetically engineered foods labeling initiative," which will appear on voter ballots there during the Nov. 5 elections. If passed, I-522 would ensure all genetically engineered foods in Washington State are labeled to inform consumers. "We are changing the way people think about and eat fast food, and a big part of that is understanding where our food comes from and how it is raised or grown," said Steve Ells, founder, chairman and co-CEO of Chipotle.
Einstein Noah Restaurant (BAGL) is a leading operator of sandwich restaurants including the Einstein Bros, Noah's New York Bagels, and Manhattan Bagel brands. With a market cap of less than $300 million, Einstein Noah is shifting away from its company-owned stores business model and into a capital-light franchise and licensing model, and this augurs well for its future.
Jamba, Inc. (JMBA), through its subsidiary, Jamba Juice Company, owns, operates, and franchises Jamba Juice stores. Its restaurants offer whole fruit smoothies, squeezed juices, hot oatmeals, breakfast wraps, bistro sandwiches and mini-wraps, California Flatbreads, frozen yogurt, and various baked goods and snacks. The company also licenses its Jamba brand name to sell consumer packaged goods through retail channels, such as grocery, mass, club, and convenience stores, as well as online. As of July 2, 2013, it had 787 stores in the United States, incluidng 492 are franchise-operated stores and 295 are company-owned stores; and 42 international store locations.
Buffalo Wild Wings (BWLD) announced last month it will expand to the Philippines with the announcement today that the company has signed a development agreement with one of the country's premier restaurant operators to open restaurants later this year. The brand, built on wings, beer and sports, previously announced international expansion plans to Canada, Mexico and the Middle East. "We are thrilled to continue our international expansion to the Philippines with The Bistro Group, and bring our wings, beer and exciting sports experience to even more Guests across the globe," said Sally Smith, CEO and president of Buffalo Wild Wings.
To teach the art of butchery and continue to honor an age-old profession, Whole Foods Market (NASDAQ: WFM) is launching an in-store Meat Apprenticeship Program for its team members. The intensive 18-month training program is designed to transform aspiring butchers into skilled meat cutters with a deep understanding of the company's high standards for quality, animal welfare, food safety, sanitation and commitment to retail excellence.
FinancialNewsMedia.com is leading provider of third party publishing & news dissemination services. If you would like more information regarding our news coverage solutions, please visit http://www.financialnewsmedia.com for more details. Get an edge on the market with our Premium News Alerts that are FREE for a limited time at http://www.financialnewsmedia.com/. Follow us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/financialnewsmedia and Twitter: http://twitter.com/FNMgroup. Sign up for our FREE SMS News alerts delivered directly to your mobile phone by texting the word PRESS to 545454. (SMS alerts are free, however data rates may apply, check your wireless plan for details.)
DISCLAIMER: FN Media Group LLC (FNMG) is a third party publisher and news dissemination service provider, which disseminates electronic information through multiple online media channels. FNMG is NOT affiliated in any manner with any company mentioned herein. FNMG and its affiliated companies are a news dissemination and financial marketing solutions provider and are NOT a registered broker/dealer/analyst/adviser, holds no investment licenses and may NOT sell, offer to sell or offer to buy any security. FNMG's market updates, news alerts and corporate profiles are NOT a solicitation or recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities. The material in this release is intended to be strictly informational and is NEVER to be construed or interpreted as research material. All readers are strongly urged to perform research and due diligence on their own and consult a licensed financial professional before considering any level of investing in stocks. The companies that are discussed in this release may or may not have approved the statements made in this release. FNMG is not liable for any investment decisions by its readers or subscribers. Investors are cautioned that they may lose all or a portion of their investment when investing in stocks.
This release contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and such forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. "Forward-looking statements" describe future expectations, plans, results, or strategies and are generally preceded by words such as "may", "future", "plan" or "planned", "will" or "should", "expected," "anticipates", "draft", "eventually" or "projected". You are cautioned that such statements are subject to a multitude of risks and uncertainties that could cause future circumstances, events, or results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements, including the risks that actual results may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, and other risks identified in a company's annual report on Form 10-K or 10-KSB and other filings made by such company with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You should consider these factors in evaluating the forward-looking statements included herein, and not place undue reliance on such statements. The forward-looking statements in this release are made as of the date hereof and FNMG undertakes no obligation to update such statements.
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SOURCE FN Media Group LLC


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Exercise training elicits a number of adaptive changes in skeletal muscle that result in an improved metabolic efficiency. The molecular mechanisms mediating the cellular adaptations to exercise training in human skeletal muscle are unknown. To test the hypothesis that recovery from exercise is associated with transcriptional activation of specific genes, six untrained male subjects completed 60–90 min of exhaustive one-legged knee extensor exercise for five consecutive days. Onday 5, nuclei were isolated from biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle of the untrained and the trained leg before exercise and from the trained leg immediately after exercise and after 15 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h of recovery. Transcriptional activity of the uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) genes (relative to β-actin) increased by three- to sevenfold in response to exercise, peaking after 1–2 h of recovery. Increases in mRNA levels followed changes in transcription, peaking between 2 and 4 h after exercise. Lipoprotein lipase and carnitine pamitoyltransferase I gene transcription and mRNA levels showed similar but less dramatic induction patterns, with increases ranging from two- to threefold. In a separate study, a single 4-h bout of cycling exercise (n = 4) elicited from 5 to >20-fold increases in UCP3, PDK4, and HO-1 transcription, suggesting that activation of these genes may be related to the duration or intensity of exercise. These data demonstrate that exercise induces transient increases in transcription of metabolic genes in human skeletal muscle. Moreover, the findings suggest that the cumulative effects of transient increases in transcription during recovery from consecutive bouts of exercise may represent the underlying kinetic basis for the cellular adaptations associated with exercise training.
- metabolic genes
- metabolism
- messenger ribonucleic acid
- training adaptation
skeletal muscle cells possess a remarkable capacity to respond and adapt to the physical and metabolic challenges imposed by contractile activity (39). The acute responses to exercise are dedicated to coupling energy supply processes to the metabolic demand for ATP, which can increase by >100-fold in human skeletal muscle (18). Likewise, the adaptive responses to exercise performed over several months include marked changes in key enzymatic, regulatory, and myofibrillar proteins, all of which serve to improve the efficiency of substrate utilization relative to metabolic demand during exercise (30).
The molecular mechanisms mediating the cellular adaptations to exercise training in skeletal muscle remain poorly defined. Training-induced increases in the mRNA levels for a number of metabolic genes have been reported, implying that pretranslational regulation takes place in response to exercise. Regulation at the level of transcription was first described in rats, where transcription of the GLUT-4 and citrate synthase genes was found to be transiently increased during recovery from exercise (25). These findings led to the suggestion that the cellular adaptations elicited by exercise training may arise from the cumulative effects of transient changes in gene transcription occurring specifically during recovery from each exercise session (25, 39). In agreement with this hypothesis, transient increases have since been reported for GLUT-4 mRNA in humans (21), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA and protein in humans (31) and rats (13), hexokinase II (HKII) mRNA and enzyme activity in rats (27), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA in rats (9), and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) mRNA in mice (34) during recovery from exercise.
Direct measurements of transcriptional activity in skeletal muscle of humans have not been possible because of the large amount of tissue typically required for nuclei isolation (∼8 g) (25). However, a simplified procedure for isolating nuclei and an RT-PCR-based technique for performing nuclear run-on analysis were recently developed, making it possible to determine transcriptional activity of several genes from relatively small amounts of muscle tissue (16). The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that exercise induces transient increases in transcription of metabolically related genes in human skeletal muscle during recovery from exercise. Two different exercise protocols were applied: an exhaustive one-legged knee extensor exercise (60–90 min) performed after a short-term training period (4 consecutive days) and a single low-intensity cycling exercise bout performed for 4 h. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained before and immediately after exercise, as well as during the ensuing 4 h of recovery. Transcriptional activity and mRNA content were determined for four metabolic genes [HKII, glycogen synthase (GYS), LPL, and muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT I)], two putative regulatory genes [UCP3 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4)], and two stress-responsive genes [HO-1 and αB-crystallin (αBC)].
Ten healthy, male subjects ranging in age from 22 to 28 yr, with an average height of 185 cm (range: 175–192 cm) and a mean weight of 81 kg (range: 65–110 kg), participated in the study. The subjects were habitually physically active without taking part in competitive sports, and they maintained their normal activity pattern during the experimental period. The subjects were given both oral and written information about the experimental procedures before they gave their informed consent. The study was approved by the Copenhagen Ethics Committee.
Experimental Design
One-legged knee extensor exercise.
Six subjects participated in a 5-day exercise training protocol consisting of dynamic one-legged knee extensor exercise on a modified Krogh cycle ergometer (1). One to two weeks before exercise training was initiated, a one-legged knee extensor exercise test was performed, in which the resistance load was gradually increased every 2 min. The highest resistance that the subjects could perform for 2 min was set as the maximal workload. On five consecutive days, the subjects completed an exhaustive one-legged knee extensor exercise bout at 70% of the 2-min maximal resistance. The exercise time was improved from 61.7 ± 1.6 min (means ± SE) onday 1 to 77.3 ± 3.3 min on day 5. Onday 5, the subjects arrived at the laboratory in the morning, having fasted overnight, and muscle biopsies were obtained from both the untrained (control) and the trained (control exercised) leg. The subjects then performed the fifth bout of exercise, whereupon muscle biopsies were taken from the exercised leg at exhaustion (0 min) and after 15 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h of recovery from the exercise. The subjects were allowed water ad libitum but remained fasted throughout the exercise and recovery periods.
Cycling exercise.
Four subjects performed a single prolonged cycling bout on a bicycle ergometer. The maximal oxygen uptake (V˙o 2 max) was determined by an incremental bicycle test 1–2 wk before the experiment. On the experimental day, the subjects arrived at the laboratory in the morning, having fasted overnight, and a muscle biopsy was obtained. The subjects then performed a 4-h bicycling bout at a resistance set to demand 60% of the V˙o 2 max. In all subjects, the resistance had to be reduced to ∼50% of theV˙o 2 max after 2–3 h of biking to enable the subjects to complete the bout. Three of the subjects completed the 4-h bout, whereas one subject stopped after 3 h 40 min because of exhaustion. Muscle biopsies were taken immediately at the end of the bout and after 15 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h of recovery from the exercise. The subjects were allowed water ad libitum but remained fasted throughout the exercise and recovery periods.
Muscle Biopsies
Muscle samples were obtained from the middle portion of the vastus lateralis muscle by use of the percutaneous needle biopsy technique with suction. The major part of the muscle biopsies (∼110 mg) was used for the isolation of nuclei, whereas the remaining portion was frozen in liquid N2 for RNA isolation.
Nuclei Isolation
The method used for isolating nuclei from small amounts of skeletal muscle was developed on the basis of established techniques, as previously described in detail (16). In short, muscle samples (∼110 mg) were rapidly placed in 35 ml of ice-coldbuffer A [15 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 60 mM KCl, 3 mg/ml BSA, 300 mM sucrose, 5 mM each of EDTA and EGTA, 1 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), 0.5 mM spermidine, 0.15 mM spermine, 0.5 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), and 2 μg/ml leupeptin] for 1 min, minced, and homogenized for 20 s by use of a Polytron 2100 (setting 1.5). After incubation on ice for 5 min and centrifugation at 700 g at 4°C for 10 min, the resulting crude nuclear pellets were gently resuspended in 10 ml of ice-cold buffer B (like buffer A, except for 0.1 mM each of EDTA and EGTA and addition of 0.5% Triton X-100), and nuclei were spun down. Thereafter, nuclei were gently resuspended in 10 ml of ice-cold buffer C (like buffer Aexcept for 0.1 mM each of EDTA and EGTA and the addition of 5 mM MgOAc−) and pelleted again. The final nuclei pellets were gently resuspended in 200 μl of storage buffer (40% glycerol, 75 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 60 mM KCl, 15 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgAc−, 0.1 mM each of EDTA and EGTA, 1 mM DTT, 0.5 mM spermidine, 0.15 mM spermine, and 2 μg/ml each of leupeptin and aprotinin), quick-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −70°C.
Nuclear Run-on Reaction
To determine transcription of specific genes, an RT-PCR-based nuclear run-on technique was used, as previously described (16). Briefly, nuclei were thawed on ice, and equal volumes of nuclei and reaction buffer (20% glycerol, 100 mM KCl, 10 mM MgCl2, 4.5 mM DTT, 1.2 mM ATP, 0.6 mM each of CTP, GTP, and UTP, 0.5 mM spermidine, 0.15 mM spermine, and 80 units/ml RNase inhibitor) were mixed and incubated at 22°C. DNA and protein were digested by successive incubations with DNase I (RNase free) and proteinase K (in the presence of SDS), after which the nascent RNA was extracted by addition of TriZol (GIBCO-BRL) and chloroform. After centrifugation (12,000 g, 15 min, 4°C), isopropanol was added to the aqueous phase, and nascent RNA transcripts were precipitated overnight at −20°C. To ensure complete digestion of DNA, samples were subjected to a second DNase I digestion, TriZol-chloroform extraction, and isopropanol precipitation (−20°C, 30 min). The final RNA transcript pellets were rinsed twice with 75% EtOH and resuspended overnight at 4°C in 10 mM Tris (pH 8.0) and 0.1 mM EDTA.
Isolation of Genomic DNA
To provide an index of relative nuclei yield among samples, genomic DNA (gDNA) was isolated from a portion (40 μl) of each nuclei preparation, as previously described (16). Final gDNA pellets were resuspended overnight at 4°C in 50 μl TE (10 mM Tris and 1 mM EDTA in nuclease-free water, pH 8.0). The relative gDNA content of the nuclei samples was determined by PCR amplification of the β-actin gene (described in the RT and PCR sections) and used to normalize dilution volumes of the RNA transcripts from the nuclear run-on reaction.
RNA Isolation
Total RNA was isolated from ∼25 mg of muscle tissue by a modified guanidinium thiocyanate (GT)-phenol-chloroform extraction method adapted from Chomczynski and Sacchi (6). The samples were placed in 2 ml of cold GT solution and homogenized for 20 s with a Brinkman Polytron (setting 4.5). Total RNA was extracted by addition of 200 μl of 2 M NaOAc, pH 4.0, 2 ml diethyl pyrocarbonate-saturated phenol (Fisher BP226–100) and 500 μl chloroform:isoamyl-OH (49:1), vigorous shaking, incubation on ice for 15 min, and centrifugation at 12,000 g for 20 min at 4°C. Total RNA was precipitated from the aqueous phase by addition of an equal amount of isopropanol and incubation for 15 min at −20°C, followed by centrifugation for 10 min at 12,000 g. To facilitate localization of the RNA pellet, 100 μg of yeast tRNA were added to the aqueous phase before precipitation. To solubilize contaminating DNA, the resulting pellet was incubated for 15 min in 1 ml of 4 M lithium chloride and centrifuged for 5 min at 12,000g at 4°C. The resulting pellets were resuspended in 500 μl of GT solution, followed by a second isopropanol precipitation. After a rinse in 75% EtOH, the final pellets were resuspended overnight at 4°C in 50 μl of nuclease-free H2O containing 0.1 mM EDTA.
RT of both nascent RNA from the nuclear run-on reactions and of total RNA samples was performed using the Superscript II RNase H− system (GIBCO-BRL), as previously described (16). RT-RNA products from the nuclear run-on reactions were diluted with nuclease-free H2O on the basis of the relative gDNA content of each nuclei preparation (see above), with the average volume set to 150 μl. For RT-RNA, relative differences in total RNA yield among samples were determined by PCR amplification of β-actin mRNA in each RT-RNA sample (diluted to 5 μl/μl total RT-RNA). Final dilution volumes were adjusted on the basis of relative β-actin mRNA content, with the average set to 10 μl/μl RT-RNA.
Transcription and mRNA content of a given gene were determined by PCR (in duplicate) with 5 μl of diluted RT product in a total volume of 50 μl of reaction mixture containing 10 mM Tris (pH 9.0), 50 mM KCl, 0.1% Triton X-100, MgCl2, 0.3 mM each of PCR-grade dATP, dCTP, dGTP, and dTTP, 0.5 μg each of forward and reverse primers, and 1.5 units of recombinant Taq DNA polymerase (GIBCO-BRL). PCR was performed in a Peltier thermal cycler dual-block DNA engine (MJ Research) by use of the general cycle profile: 94°C for 2 min [94°C for 30 s, annealing temperature for 50 s, and 72°C for 50 s] × 10 + [94°C for 30 s, annealing temperature for 50 s, 72°C for 50 s + 20 s extension/cycle] × the remaining number of cycles. PCR primer pairs (Table 1) were constructed from human specific sequence data (Entrez-NIH) using DNA analysis computer software (Lazergene, DNASTAR). PCR products were confirmed by direct sequencing. Prior testing of annealing temperature, MgCl2 concentration, and number of PCR cycles had been performed to establish optimal conditions within the linear range for PCR amplification. For each subject, control and recovery samples were run simultaneously to permit relative comparisons. PCR products were separated by gel (2.5% agarose) electrophoresis, stained with ethidium bromide, visualized by ultraviolet exposure with a charge-coupled device integrating camera (Gel Doc, Bio-Rad), and quantified under nonsaturated conditions by use of analysis software (Molecular Analyst, Bio-Rad).
Transcriptional activity and mRNA contents were normalized to β-actin transcription and mRNA levels, respectively, and samples were expressed relative to the corresponding control sample, which was set to 1. Values are means ± SE. One-way ANOVA for repeated measures was used to evaluate the effect of exercise and Dunnett's post hoc test to locate significant differences among specific time points. Student's paired t-test was used for comparisons between control and control exercised samples. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.
One-Legged Knee Extensor Exercise
Five consecutive days of one-legged knee extensor exercise (60–90 min) induced marked increases in transcription of several genes involved in both fat and glucose metabolism. As shown in Figs. 1 and2, activation of transcription was transient and occurred primarily during recovery from exercise. Transcription of the UCP3, LPL, and CPT I genes was only slightly elevated (∼2-fold, P > 0.05) immediately after exercise but increased to ∼3.5-fold (P < 0.05) above control levels after 1 h of recovery. The PDK4 gene showed the most dramatic change, because transcription was increased by about fivefold immediately after exercise and remained elevated (4- to 6-fold) during the subsequent 2 h of recovery (Fig. 1). Transcription of the HKII gene was also stimulated during recovery, increasing to about fivefold above control levels at 1 h of recovery, whereas transcription of the GYS gene was elevated by about twofold during the first 2 h of recovery. Exercise also induced a more than fourfold increase in transcription of the oxidative stress gene HO-1, peaking 1 h after exercise, whereas transcription of the small molecular weight heat shock protein αBC did not change significantly during the 4-h recovery period (Fig.3).
Muscle mRNA content showed much smaller changes in response to exercise for most genes (Figs. 1-3). LPL mRNA content tended to increase during the 4-h recovery period (1.9-fold), but this was not a statistically significant change. CPT I mRNA levels, however, were elevated (P < 0.05) by about twofold throughout recovery, whereas no change in UCP3 mRNA occurred. PDK4 mRNA remained at control levels through the first 2 h of recovery and then increased to about eightfold above controls after 4 h of recovery. HKII mRNA increased throughout recovery, reaching about fourfold above control levels after 4 h of recovery, whereas GYS mRNA content steadily increased during the first 2 h of recovery to about threefold above control levels. HO-1 mRNA levels showed the most dramatic change, increasing to ∼11-fold above control levels 2 h after exercise. αBC mRNA levels did not change during recovery.
It should be noted that, 22 h after the fourth bout of one-legged knee extensor exercise (control exercised time point), transcription was not different between the exercised and the nonexercised leg for any of the genes examined, illustrating the transient nature of the transcriptional response to each exercise bout (i.e., transcription returned to baseline). However, by day 5, mRNA levels for CPT I, GYS, and HO-1 were all still elevated by about twofold in control exercised relative to control (nonexercised) samples, providing evidence of a "training response." These data also suggest that these mRNA species have slightly longer half-lives than the other genes examined.
Prolonged Cycling Exercise
To determine the effects of an acute prolonged exercise bout, transcription and mRNA content were determined in response to a single 4-h low-intensity cycling bout (Figs.4 and 5). Similar to the one-legged knee extensor exercise, transcription of the HKII, LPL, and UCP3 genes was not elevated immediately postexercise. However, during recovery, transcription of the HKII, LPL, and UCP3 genes steadily increased to three- to sixfold above control levels by the 4-h time point. In addition, mRNA levels for HKII, LPL, and UCP3 increased by 2- to 2.5-fold after 4 h of recovery. Recovery from prolonged exercise did not influence transcription or mRNA content of the CPT I and GYS genes. Similar to the one-legged exercise, cycling for 4 h elicited marked changes in transcription of the PDK4 gene. By the end of exercise, transcription of PDK4 was elevated by >10-fold and continued to increase during recovery to >20-fold above preexercise control levels after 2–4 h of recovery. PDK4 mRNA was on average 7- to 12-fold higher throughout the recovery period, although the timing of the adaptive response among the four subjects varied. Transcription of the HO-1 gene progressively increased to nearly 4.5-fold above controls after 4 h of recovery. HO-1 mRNA was elevated by about fourfold immediately after exercise and remained three- to fivefold above control levels throughout the 4 h of recovery period. The single 4-h cycling bout did not influence αBC transcription or mRNA levels.
The RT-PCR-based nuclear run-on analysis employed in the present study enabled determination of the transcriptional activity of several genes from a single muscle biopsy and thus made it possible to examine the primary adaptive responses of human skeletal muscle to exercise. The data demonstrate that exercise stimulates transcription of several metabolically related genes in human skeletal muscle. For most genes examined, activation of transcription occurred specifically over the course of several hours after exercise, although some genes were also clearly induced during exercise. Importantly, transcriptional activation in response to exercise was transient, as evidenced by the fact that transcription of all genes examined returned to control levels within 22 h after exercise. When exercise was repeated over several days, however, the mRNA content of some genes was still elevated 22 h after the last exercise bout. Although further testing is required, these data support the hypothesis that transient increases in transcription during recovery from consecutive bouts of exercise result in a gradual accumulation of mRNA and, thus, may represent the underlying kinetic basis for the cellular adaptations associated with exercise training (39).
The clinical benefits of regularly performed exercise are irrefutable, both as a form of preventive medicine and as a primary intervention for the treatment of various chronic diseases (4); however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptive responses to exercise are not well understood. Although exercise influences metabolism within a number of tissues and organ systems, skeletal muscle is the most relevant tissue to study because of its rate-limiting role in the clearance of dietary glucose and triglycerides (29, 35) and its capacity to adapt to habitual changes in physical activity (3). Moreover, exercise is relatively unique as a stimulus because, although performed only for short periods of time on a periodic basis, fairly dramatic two- to threefold changes in the expression of proteins with roles in glucose and fatty acid metabolism can occur over the course of several weeks. The idea that the molecular basis for these training adaptations may actually stem from the cumulative effects of transient changes in gene expression originally arose from work in rats, in which transcription of the GLUT-4 gene was found to be transiently increased during the initial few hours of recovery from exercise (25). Similar responses have since been found for GLUT-4, HKII, and LPL mRNA and/or protein in skeletal muscle of humans during recovery from exercise (20, 21,31). The data from the present study extend these findings to demonstrate that recovery from exercise is characterized by transient transcriptional activation of several metabolically related genes, the products of which may contribute to the enhanced rate of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and triglyceride clearance seen after exercise (31, 42).
PDK4 was the most dramatically regulated gene analyzed in the present study. Transcription was increased immediately after exercise and continued to increase throughout the 4-h recovery period, particularly after the 4-h cycling bout, when transcription and mRNA content were elevated by >20- and >10-fold, respectively. PDK4 is one of four isozymes identified in mammalian tissues that catalyze the phosphorylation of the E1 component of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) (5). Phosphorylation of E1 inactivates the PDH complex, inhibiting the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and thus preventing the entry of glycolytic products into the mitochondria for oxidation. The PDK isozymes vary in their distribution and regulatory properties, thereby establishing an important control point for coordinating overall intermediary metabolism. PDK4 is primarily expressed in heart and skeletal muscle, with recent work showing a marked induction of PDK4 expression by starvation and streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats (40, 41), presumably as a means of conserving glucose and ensuring that 3-carbon units are diverted to the liver for gluconeogenesis. The pronounced increase in muscle PDK4 transcription and mRNA content found in the present study indicates that a similar regulatory mechanism may be operating in response to exercise in humans. Two points are worth considering. First, the increase in PDK4 transcription and mRNA content was much higher immediately after the 4-h cycling than after the 60- to 90-min one-legged knee extensor exercise, suggesting that PDK4 expression may progressively increase with exercise duration. This in turn would be expected to cause a progressive inactivation of PDH (8) and thus may provide a mechanistic explanation for the steady decline in carbohydrate oxidation that occurs during prolonged low-intensity exercise (38). Second, recovery from exercise was associated with further increases in transcription of the PDK4 gene, providing indirect evidence that PDH activity may be inhibited during recovery from exercise. This interpretation is consistent with recent data indicating that previously exercising muscle relies on a preferential utilization of lipids for fuel during the postexercise recovery period (19), likely reflecting the high metabolic priority given to glycogen resynthesis.
Recovery from exercise resulted in transient increases in transcription and mRNA content of the UCP3 gene. These findings are in agreement with recent data from both rats and mice in which UCP3 transcription (16) and mRNA levels (7, 34) have been shown to be transiently increased in both red and white skeletal muscle during recovery from exercise. The fact that UCP3 is expressed exclusively in skeletal muscle and that UCP3 induces uncoupling activity when overexpressed in yeast or C2C12muscle cells (10, 11, 17) has led to speculation that control of UCP3 expression and/or activity may play an important role in the regulation of adaptive thermogenesis and energy expenditure. On the other hand, UCP3 knockout mice do not display any overt phenotype; body weight gain and temperature regulation in response to various metabolic challenges are normal (12, 37). However, mitochondria from UCP3 knockouts are characterized by a higher state 3-to-state 4 respiration ratio, due entirely to a reduced proton leak, which is associated with an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (37). Although these findings collectively suggest that UCP3 is not required for long-term metabolic balance, the functional consequences of the dramatic changes in UCP3 expression that arise from different physiological challenges (e.g., exercise, fasting, diet) on overall metabolic control and ROS formation have yet to be determined.
The heme oxygenase family consists of one inducible (HO-1) and two constitutively (HO-2, HO-3) expressed genes, the protein products of which catalyze the conversion of heme to biliverdin and CO (23). The HO-1 isoform is induced by a variety of agents that cause oxidative stress, including heat shock, ischemia, and hypoxia (22, 24, 32). This induction is believed to serve a protective role in the cell by initiating the degradation of the prooxidant iron-bound heme while generating the reaction products biliverdin and bilirubin, both of which are potent antioxidants (33). Skeletal muscle cells appear to be sensitive to oxidative stress, because HO-1 has recently been shown to be induced by hemin and sodium nitroprusside (an NO donor) in L6.G8 muscle cells (36). In rat skeletal muscle, HO-1 is normally expressed at very low levels but increases dramatically after exhaustive exercise (9, 15). The results from the present study confirm that HO-1 is also markedly induced in skeletal muscle of humans during and after exercise. Interestingly, however, exercise elicited minimal change in the expression of αBC, a small molecular weight stress protein that has previously been shown to increase dramatically in skeletal muscle of rabbits during recovery from motor nerve stimulation (26). The rapid activation of HO-1 transcription and the more pronounced increases in HO-1 mRNA elicited by the one-legged knee extensor vs. the prolonged bout of cycling exercise also raise the possibility that HO-1 induction may be sensitive to exercise intensity. Although the physiological role of HO-1 in muscle has not been established, partially reduced ROS are produced in human skeletal muscle during intense exercise (14). Thus it is conceivable that both HO-1 and UCP3 (discussed above) may be induced in response to exercise to help minimize intracellular damage by free radicals, similar to the protective role of HO-1 in other tissues (22, 28). Moreover, it may be speculated that the elevated HO-1 mRNA content found immediately before the 5th day of exercise reflects an adaptive response that improves the capacity of the trained muscle for scavenging free radicals.
In an effort to maximize the chances of detecting significant responses at the transcriptional level, two experimental protocols were used in the present study. On the basis of work by Seip et al. (31), we speculated that the one-legged knee extensor exercise protocol performed for 5 days would isolate a specific muscle group in the midst of a maximal "training" response, whereas the single 4-h cycling bout might elicit a maximal adaptive response to an acute endurance exercise stimulus. Although different subjects were used for each protocol, limiting direct comparison, some clear differences in the adaptive responses emerged. Transcriptional activation of UCP3, HKII, and LPL peaked much earlier in the recovery period (1–2 h postexercise) after 5 days of one-legged knee extensor exercise compared with the single 4-h cycling bout (≥4 h postexercise). Obvious differences between the two protocols, such as the type, intensity, and duration of exercise, may have accounted for these findings. Alternatively, the five consecutive days of one-legged knee extensor exercise may have resulted in the accumulation of a transcription factor(s) or other regulatory protein(s) that enhanced the sensitivity of the myofibers to subsequent exercise bouts. Such a training-induced improvement in the sensitivity and/or responsiveness is consistent with the fact that CPT I and GYS transcription and mRNA showed little to no change during recovery from the 4-h cycling bout but significantly increased during recovery from the fifth bout of one-legged knee extensor exercise.
The results of the present study provide insight into the kinetics governing the induction and maintenance of the cellular adaptations associated with exercise training. It is clear that exercise represents an acute stimulus that triggers, as a primary response, a transient increase in the transcription of target genes. However, this does not translate into a one-for-one increase in gene product, because the turnover rates of both mRNA and protein are first-order processes; thus the cumulative effects of several days or weeks of transient increases in transcription are likely required to elicit detectable changes in mRNA or protein for particular genes (39). Moreover, many of the traditional clinical benchmarks (reductions in circulating cholesterol, triglycerides, and the like) associated with exercise programs will require several weeks to months to become evident. On the basis of epidemiological data, however, recent recommendations concerning the type, intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise necessary to achieve improvements in cardiovascular risk factors have been controversial (2). The ability to assay transcriptional changes as a primary response of the cell to exercise will provide a valuable means for defining the importance of specific parameters on the regulation of target genes in humans. Moreover, defining the window during which molecular events are taking place provides the necessary framework for studies designed to identify the underlying signaling and gene regulatory events controlling the response of the muscle cell to exercise.
In summary, the results from the present study demonstrate that recovery from exercise is associated with the transient increases in transcription of several metabolically related genes in human skeletal muscle. Therefore, these findings suggest that transcriptional activation of target genes is a primary adaptive response to exercise within muscle cells and that the cumulative effects of transient increases in transcription during recovery from consecutive bouts of exercise may represent the underlying kinetic basis for the cellular adaptations associated with exercise training.
We thank the subjects that participated in this study for their extraordinary effort. We also thank Dr. Roger Fielding and Nathan LeBrasseur for help in developing the nuclei isolation procedure from human skeletal muscle, and Dr. David Cameron-Smith and Audrey Hildebrandt for critical review of the manuscript.
This work was supported by the Danish National Research Foundation (504) and National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Grant AR-45372 (to P. D. Neufer).
Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: P. D. Neufer, John B. Pierce Laboratory, 290 Congress Ave., New Haven, CT 06519 (E-mail: dneufer{at}jbpierce.org).
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
- Copyright © 2000 the American Physiological Society


text:
Type: Bug
Status: Resolved
Priority: Trivial
Resolution: Fixed
Affects Version/s: 0.7.1
Fix Version/s: 0.7.2
Component/s: service/hadoop
I removed hadoop-jobtracker and hadoop-tasktracker from whirr.instance-templates in hbase-ec2.properties.
Then I got the following error when trying to start a cluster.
Am I doing anything wrong by removing the tracker from instance templates?
Or is this an issue or not?
If it is not an issue, am I be able to start hbase without starting the jobtracker and tasktracker? What is the right way to do it?
Authorizing firewall ingress to [us-east-1/i-98c4f0fc] on ports [50070] for [188.8.131.52/32]
Authorizing firewall ingress to [us-east-1/i-98c4f0fc] on ports [8020, 8021] for [18.104.22.168/32]
Unable to start the cluster. Terminating all nodes.
at com.google.common.collect.AbstractIterator.next(AbstractIterator.java:152)
at com.google.common.collect.Iterators.getOnlyElement(Iterators.java:293)
at com.google.common.collect.Iterables.getOnlyElement(Iterables.java:265)
at org.apache.whirr.Cluster.getInstanceMatching(Cluster.java:171)
at org.apache.whirr.service.hadoop.HadoopConfigurationBuilder.buildMapReduceConfiguration(HadoopConfigurationBuilder.java:135)
at org.apache.whirr.service.hadoop.HadoopConfigurationBuilder.buildMapReduce(HadoopConfigurationBuilder.java:71)
at org.apache.whirr.service.hadoop.HadoopClusterActionHandler.createHadoopConfigFiles(HadoopClusterActionHandler.java:104)
at org.apache.whirr.service.hadoop.HadoopClusterActionHandler.beforeConfigure(HadoopClusterActionHandler.java:89)
at org.apache.whirr.service.ClusterActionHandlerSupport.beforeAction(ClusterActionHandlerSupport.java:53)
at org.apache.whirr.actions.ScriptBasedClusterAction.execute(ScriptBasedClusterAction.java:100)
at org.apache.whirr.ClusterController.launchCluster(ClusterController.java:109)
at org.apache.whirr.cli.command.LaunchClusterCommand.run(LaunchClusterCommand.java:63)
at org.apache.whirr.cli.Main.run(Main.java:64)
at org.apache.whirr.cli.Main.main(Main.java:97)
Unable to load cluster state, assuming it has no running nodes.
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I've just tried the same recipe with 0.7.1 and I get the same exception you are seeing. The good news is that this issue is fixed in branch 0.7 and it's going to be part of the 0.7.2 release.
I've attached my recipe to this issue.
The recipe attached will cause an exception during launching a cluster.
But if I add hadoop-jobtracker and hadoop-tasktracker, the cluster can start successfully.
BTW, I didn't make any change to the 0.7.1 release.
HadoopConfigurationBuilder.java was not changed recently. Do you have local modifications or this is the standard release?
I am unable to reproduce this issue with trunk. I will also check with the 0.7 branch. Can you share your updated recipe? I was able to start a cluster running only HDFS (hadoop-namenode & hadoop-datanode) on aws-ec2.
As mentioned by Andrei Savu, "it should be easy to fix: catch the NoSuchElementException in
Cluster.getInstancesMatching and return an empty set."


text:
Julia E Jernigan
Found 10 Records, 9 Photos and 225,079 Family Trees
Born in Sampson, North Carolina, USA on 1875 to Julius Jernigan and Zilpha Margaret Jernigan. Julia E married Lewis Grandon Tew and had 9 children. She passed away on 16 Mar 1959 in North Carolina, USA.
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Surname meaning for "Jernigan"
English (Suffolk): variant spelling of English, which is of uncertain derivation. Reaney believes it to be of Breton origin, probably identical with the Old Breton personal name Iarnuuocon 'iron famous', taken to East Anglia by Bretons at the time of the Norman Conquest.


text:
Originally published December 2, 2009 at 10:01 PM | Page modified December 2, 2009 at 10:31 PM
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Jake Locker's payday could be affected by NFL negotiations
A rookie wage scale in the NFL could affect Washington quarterback Jake Locker if he waits for the 2011 draft.
Seattle Times staff reporter
Latest from the Husky Football & Basketball blogs
The size of the signing bonus quarterback Jake Locker would receive as a top-10 draft pick in 2010 could be large — an eight-figure jaw-dropper, even.
The degree of uncertainty over the financial future of the draft after this year is just as big.
The potential that the NFL will change the way its draft picks get paid is the wild card in Locker's decision to enter the 2010 draft or return for his senior season at Washington.
Returning to school is a decision that could cost Locker millions, and it has nothing to do with his skills, experience or anything else.
There is a push from the league's 32 teams to implement a rookie wage scale, altering the current status in which negotiations are a financial free-for-all. Players are free to ask for as much as they want, teams free to hold fast to a given offer.
Seahawks president Tim Ruskell was asked in July if he supported a rookie wage scale similar to the NBA's. In that league, the length of contract and salary are calibrated according to where the player is drafted.
"That's what everybody is talking about," Ruskell said. "We're in the midst of a negotiation. I'm sure that's going to hit the table. I would be for that. You know how the veteran players feel about that. I'm optimistic that [we'll have] some form of that because it seems to work."
Under the current situation, a rookie like Jets quarterback Mark Sanchez, the fifth pick in April, signed a five-year deal for $28 million guaranteed that could pay him up to $50 million. Compare that to Matt Hasselbeck, a three-time Pro Bowl quarterback whose current contract is a six-year deal that pays him $47 million.
"It just seems a little out of whack right now," Ruskell said back in July.
There is sentiment that the current system is structured so players who have yet to play a down in the NFL receive larger deals than players who have already proven themselves.
"I don't know what will happen," said receiver T.J. Houshmandzadeh, the Seahawks' union representative with the NFL Players Association, "but I will say the majority of guys would prefer that it is something like the NBA. But the money that is saved, where does it go? That's the bigger key. If it's not going to the players that have already proven themselves, then just leave it the same."
The issue will come to a head over the next few months because last year the NFL's owners voted to opt out of the current collective-bargaining agreement. The league's owners and the Players Association are negotiating a new deal.
It's possible — and some would say even likely — that no deal will be reached before March 2010. At that point the salary cap would be scrapped and next season would become uncapped. What would affect Locker is if a new labor agreement is reached before the 2011 draft because at that point, a rookie wage scale could be in place and the free-for-all negotiations of today would be history.
"I don't know if one will be coming or not," Houshmandzadeh said of a rookie wage scale. "I don't know if it's as big an issue as they want to make it seem it is. It really only affects seven, eight, maybe nine guys."
With Locker's status in the draft, though, he figures to be one of those players.
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text: Urologix, Inc., based in Minneapolis, Minnesota develops, manufactures and markets minimally invasive urological treatment products. Urologix has developed and offers non-surgical, catheter-based treatments that use proprietary microwave technology for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a condition that affects more than 23 million men worldwide. Urologix is a leader in less invasive technology for the BPH treatment, with more than 225,0001 patients treated to date.Urologix' patented Cooled ThermoTherapy™ technology is creating effective2 treatment options for a wide range of patients with BPH. Cooled ThermoTherapy enlarged prostate treatment delivers precisely targeted microwave energy that heats and destroys enlarged prostatic tissue while unique cooling mechanisms protect surrounding healthy tissue. This benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment also enhances patient comfort.


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wikiHow to Do the Infinite Launcher Glitch in Resident Evil 4
Do you want to make Leon have a rocket launcher sticking out of his left kidney and through his right kidney?Then read on to find out how.
1First turn on the game.
2Second,Load a game that has already been beaten because the only way to get the infinite launcher is to beat the game.
3Then you will need 1,000,000 currency. The infinite launcher costs 1,000,000.
4Now buy the infinite launcher or if you already have it then start the game.
5Now equip your infinite launcher.
6Pull out the knife and aim it at an enemy.
7LET HIM HIT YOU! It's weird but it's the only way the glitch works.
8Now Leon should look like he is impaled with an infinite launcher.
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- Stats 10.0, Infinite rounds,Shoots as fast as the TMP,and in the PS2 and Wii games, If you have Leon's Mafia outfit on and reload the tommy gun, Then Leon will take the gun, Throw it in the air while the camera is spinning around him and he will pull out a clip and the gun lands on the clip and reloads.
- Best to do this at the beginning of the village because the castle and island goons do more damage.
- If I were you, I would spend some time beating assignment ADA because when you do-WARNING:User Unclescar is about to show a spoiler alert!-,You get the Chicago typewriter AKA the tommy gun.
- This might make the game make a BIIIIIIIING sound forever and that only because the system is over heating.
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Marine's sentence reduced
A Royal Marine found guilty of murdering an injured Afghan fighter had the minimum term of his life sentence reduced from ten years to eight yesterday because he was suffering from combat stress disorder at the time.
The Court Martial Appeal Court, however, rejected Sergeant Alexander Blackman's conviction challenge.
Three judges giving their ruling in London, said that the stresses affecting Blackman, 39, should have been "accorded greater weight" when he was sentenced by a court martial in Bulford, Wiltshire, in November. Lord Chief Justice Lord Thomas said it was apparent that Blackman had acted out of character and was suffering from combat stress.
The killing happened in Helmand province in 2011 while Blackman, was serving with 42 Commando. He shot the Afghan, who had…


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Our goal is to impart upon you the necessary skills that will help you to be able to market your business independently and make your business successful. Always remember no one can build your business for you – the only one who can build it is YOU, but the Works Team provides the cutting-edge training to help you shorten your learning curve, keeping you up-to-date with current trends, learning to utilize the power of the internet, and providing the fundamental resources you need to be successful.
While many people and teams assist people work towards success, the training we will share with you here comes from years of experience in network marketing, direct sales, affiliate marketing and internet marketing. We are not a team in a traditional sense. We have people in many different companies, affiliate programs and traditional businesses, sharing ideas, learning from each other and working on the common goal of financial success & independence.
We concentrate on utilizing online marketing effectively, website development, promoting yourself, becoming a 'solution provider' and becoming a successful independent marketer – the areas that are often lacking in other readily available training.
This site has a wealth of resources, included the archived library of past webinars since 2007. With this valuable resource at your service we encourage you to dig in, take notes and begin implementing what you learn from our WorksTeam membership to grow your business.
To your success!
The WorksTeam


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- Title
- Laurence Anyways
- Directed by
- Xavier Dolan
- Genre
- Romance
- Country
- Canada
Clothes tumble from the skies, tears fill a room and the soundtrack throbs with everything from Duran Duran to Beethoven in 23-year-old Quebec director Xavier Dolan's lavish chronicle of a decade-long love affair between Montreal assistant film director Fred (Suzanne Clément) and her literature professor fiancé Laurence (Melvil Poupaud), who tells her on his 30th birthday that he intends to become a woman. The film is more divisive for its indulgent visual style than its gender-fluid content. Clément, who won an acting prize at Cannes, is fierce and funny, and French actor Poupaud gently dignified, but a sensitively observed simple love story of soulmates divided by social hostility gets smothered in an excessive use of montage, and a patience-straining running time of more than two and a half hours.
Oct. 5, 9:30 p.m., Granville 7; Oct. 7, 1:30 p.m., Granville 7


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Scores more Iraqis than Americans are wounded or killed each day in Iraq. The hospital wards at Ibn Sina reflect this. After the car bombs and ambushes, the raids and street battles, Iraqi police, soldiers, civilians, and enemy insurgents flood into American emergency rooms. The U.S. is obligated to care for anyone injured as a direct consequence of war.
Others, like the boy, are admitted too: children with insect stings, pregnant women, men with sexually transmitted diseases. They get in with the help of sympathetic soldiers and medics. They get in because doctors everywhere swear the same oath. Ibn Sina is an island of hope.
The Americans work hard treating Iraqis, as hard as they would for anyone. Doctors slice charred skin away, neurosurgeons tug chunks of metal out of skulls, nurses stop bleeding in legs blown to hamburger.
But in Iraq, the problem is what happens after. Military hospitals are not prepared to treat Iraqi patients for long periods. At a certain point, doctors must send their Iraqi charges—no matter who they are—back into the Iraqi healthcare system. And the system is ruined. Once upon a time, Iraq's hospitals were the best in the region. But Saddam Hussein's threats and violence eventually drove many doctors from his country. Iraq's hospitals began to rot under the dictator and the sanctions imposed on the nation after the first gulf war. By 2003, when American soldiers charged in, the system was a shell, broken and looted.
In his small office at Ibn Sina, a hospital once used by Saddam and Iraq's ruling elite, Lt. Col. Mark Smith, deputy commander for clinical services, explains that the U.S. is trying to repair the broken system, pay doctors' salaries, provide new equipment. But violence and chaos have blunted the effort. It seems, at times, like scraping a hole in sand.
"We really can't take care of all those Iraqis," says Smith, who must sometimes decide when to send Iraqi patients away. "There's got to be a way to build that medical infrastructure right now." But he knows it can't happen while the country tears itself apart. Someday, Iraq's hospitals may function well, fully staffed and provisioned. But Smith doesn't believe it'll be soon. "I would say we're a generation away from that."


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For those on low-sodium diets, here's a tasty trick: Grab some citrus. Just like a sprinkle of salt, a squeeze of lemon, lime or orange will perk up any ingredient from leafy greens to proteins, not to mention grab the attention of your taste buds. And while you might not expect it, these fruits are at their best and brightest during winter, so now is still the perfect time to play with their tangy flash of flavor.
You can mix things up and use citrus in your favorite warm comfort dishes — including pasta. In place of a heavier alfredo sauce, the combination of warm citrus and olive oil offers a creamy coating for noodles that's both lighter in calories and naturally low in sodium (as well as dairy-free — bonus!). Keep the dish basic with a sprinkle of fresh herbs and cracked black pepper. Or dress things up with sauteed vegetables and roasted chicken. Best of all, be sure to enjoy this citrus pasta all year-round, adding avocado and corn during the summer months and squash during the fall.
Pasta with Warm Citrus Sauce
Serves 4
8 oz uncooked spaghetti or fettuccine
Olive oil
2 garlic cloves, passed through a garlic press (about 1 tablespoon …read more


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When: 6 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. today
Where: La Presa Middle School, 1001 Leland St., Spring Valley
Online: www.lpms-sov.com. Signatures can be e-mailed to email@example.com.
Students and teachers at La Presa Middle School decided to take action when they saw an increase in bullying at the Spring Valley campus.
They formed a group called Survivors of Violence this school year to discourage students from picking on others, said Nichi Whitaker, a science teacher who is one of the groups' advisers.
"We're trying to get these kids to understand that they can make different choices," she said. "We're trying to get into their hearts to help them live another life."
The group will be holding a Peace Fair tonight, which will feature speeches from students about overcoming aggression. Visitors will be asked to sign a Victory over Violence Peace Pledge, and the signatures – along with those collected through online efforts on Facebook and MySpace – will be submitted to the United Nations, Whitaker said.
"We are planning to put La Presa Middle School on the map by collecting 10,000 signatures from our school," she said.
Whitaker said the need for the club was highlighted following an incident May 1 in which more than 200 teenagers fought in a Spring Valley parking lot outside the Spring Valley Community Center. Sheriff's Capt. Guy Chambers said the incident may be gang-related, but detectives were investigating.
Whitaker said the youths at the brawl were older teens, but many students at La Presa Middle School knew those who were involved. She said she hopes the club will encourage some at the 800-student school to avoid gangs and violence.
"They can't control violence outside, but they can at least control violence in their own lives," she said.
One of the speakers at the Peace Fair will be 14-year-old Kelsey Hamlett, a La Presa Middle School eighth-grader whose mother was stabbed to death by a former boyfriend three years ago.
Kelsey witnessed the stabbing, hid in a bedroom and called 911. She later faced her mother's killer in court.
Kelsey said she became a member of Survivors of Violence to raise awareness so other people won't have to experience what she went through.
"My message will be a message of hope," she said of the speech she plans to deliver. "It's to show people that even though you go through horrible things, you can still make something amazing out of it."Copyright © 2017, The San Diego Union-Tribune


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How Swede It Is
Fjällräven Greenland Jacket
The iconic jacket of outdoor Swedish outfitter Fjällräven, the Greenland Jacket ($350) is as versatile as it is enduring. G-1000, the primary material used on the Greenland Jacket is the product of re-engineered fabric originally designed for use on backpacks and tents combined with paraffin and beeswax. As it becomes increasingly damp, G-1000 swells to stave inclement weather and unlike other mass-produced fabrics, G-1000 is still fabricated by a small family in northern Sweden. With a carefully cut profile, the Greenland Jacket retains warmth without any extra bulk. For your go-to Fall uniform wear it as the outermost shell with a neutral suit for a bit of military-vintage inspired panache or right over your preferred Friday night shirt+sweater+denim. Fantastiskt.
Buy Now: $350


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My one and only DGS turns 8 years old on February 8, and boy is he excited. This is a little boy that dealt with oral cancer at the age of 4 and has had a couple of health issues since then, God Love Him. He has two passions in life, fishing and Mario Brothers, anything Mario. I wanted to do a lap quilt for him with Mario for his birthday. I looked on here and seen a few quilts done pixel style and thought "I could do that", but it wasn't quite what I was looking for. I went to the free colouring pages and found a Super Mario page and printed it. With the help of my wonderful DH, we enlarged it and printed it out in sections in black and white. After I traced it all out onto freezer paper, I thought, I can do this. So, I appliqued all the little characters and Mario, it was actually quite fun. Anyway, here is the final product, I finished the binding this morning at 6am. I hope he enjoys it as much as I enjoyed making it. And to satisfy his fishing passion, my DH went out and bought him a new fishing rod, and lures. He should be one happy little boy!
wrong picture...this is one of the pictures I had saved as an idea, posted proper picture under "wrong picture...SORRY"


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I'm a wife to one awesome guy
& mom to 5 wild & crazy kiddos.
I love to create things, blog, garden, decorate
& most of all be with my family.
I've been blogging for almost 4 years,
Or how about this cute & easy outfit?
{personalized t-shirt with matching bandana shorts}
I love my super cute
Would love to have you drop by
Each week I have a
{wow me} wednesday link party.
Would love to have you link up your ideas!


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It is a major irritation and a waste of time to sit about a golf course and watch it rain.
Few things are more yucky than having to scurry off a golf course in torrential rain.
Unfortunately, the FedEx St. Jude Classic this week in Memphis has turned into the St. Jude Regatta.
Normally, I spend a day or two this time of year visiting friends in Memphis and watching and reporting on professional golf.
I passed up the trip this year. Conway's Bryce Molder was not in the field and there was great potential for major traffic hassle on I-40. An ominous weather forecast (pretty irritating to be stuck in traffic in a downpour and I can watch it rain at home) didn't make it worth the while this year.
Good decision.
Thursday afternoon, after storms hit forcing a major weather delay, tournament officials at TPC Southwind cleared the course of everyone but players and official personnel. No galleries.
Friday, there were two major weather delays before play was called off for the day shortly before 6. After one delay, golfers were only on the course about 15 minutes before a horn blared and they were called back into the clubhouse.
"Don't call us out if you're going to call us right back in," Phil Mickelson was heard to mutter.
Golf is about rhythm and rhythm was almost impossible in this game of "watch the clouds and beat the storm."
For Saturday's play, officials closed a large major parking lot, which is basically a pasture, which easily turns into a swamp on rainy afternoon.
Bog is a good word.
Going into Saturday morning, the tournament was really bogged down.
Saturday morning was supposed to be the start of the third round.
On Saturday morning, only 32 players in the 153-player field had completed the second round.
Worse, by Saturday morning, 54 golfers had not even teed off for the second round.
Challenging logistics, to say the least.
Golfers don't want a hard week — particularly one with potentially long intense play on Sunday — the week before the U.S. Open.
The threat of thunderstorms keeps a lot of spectators away. It hurts vendors.
The FedEx is a well-run tournament that benefits St. Jude Children's Hospital. Many golfers make it an annual tour stop just to help sick children and the wonderful research that goes on at the hospital.
Waves of thunderstorms that produce a washout is a real annoyance to golfers and spectators. A loss of revenue from small galleries is a setback for the kids.
But none can do anything about the weather but complain.
(Sports columnist David McCollum can be reached at 501-505-1235 or email@example.com or follow him on twitter @dmaclcd)


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A Lubbock man on Sunday recounted a startling Saturday night chase through South Lubbock, where an accused attacker shot at his car and pursued him for nearly four miles.
Police arrested one man on an aggravated assault charge Saturday night after what investigators called a case of road rage.
Police say the man fired a shot from a handgun at a Lubbock couple's car about 9:30 p.m. near the intersection of 82nd Street and Quaker Avenue — the halfway point of the four-mile chase.
The chase ended in a drug store parking lot near 82nd Street and Frankford Avenue when police arrested 25-year-old Dereck Rolando Garcia.
In Garcia's SUV, police also found his 9-year-old brother, a 9mm handgun and narcotics, according to Lubbock police.
Police and the couple pursued by Garcia said the case of road rage seemed unprovoked.
Brad Draper, 44 of Lubbock, said he and his wife were driving to their Southwest Lubbock home after eating dinner when Garcia's SUV started tailgating their sports car around 82nd Street and University Avenue.
Draper, who was westbound in his Chevrolet ZO6 Corvette after leaving Cancun Mexican restaurant, said the SUV approached within about one foot of his car several times as both vehicles were travelling about 40 to 45 mph.
"All I could see was grill when I looked back," he said. "We'd speed up, he'd speed up. We'd slow down, he'd slow down."
Draper said Garcia also flashed his SUV's front lights several times.
"We thought he was trying to get our attention," he said. "We really have no idea why the guy chose to engage us."
Draper said he didn't believe he'd done anything aggressive to the other driver to provoke such an attack.
By Memphis Avenue, Draper slowed down and tapped his brakes in front of the still-pursuing SUV that was about a car length behind his Corvette.
It was when Draper stopped for a red light at the Quaker Avenue intersection when the SUV pulled up to the passenger side of his car. Both vehicles' windows were rolled down, Draper said, when he noticed the driver brandishing a handgun, holding it out the window and pointing it at his car.
"All that ran through my mind was I'm switching it in first gear and I'm getting out of here," Draper said, explaining the traffic signal had just turned green when he sped from the intersection.
He said he heard a pop that sounded like a gunshot as he drove away.
He drove the remaining two miles weaving between other vehicles and never going more than about 50 mph, he said.
His wife used her cell phone to call 911.
As his wife talked with a dispatcher, Draper said, his Corvette never was more than a few car lengths ahead of the SUV. He preferred, instead, to keep the pursuing vehicle within his sight.
"I wanted to make sure he got caught," he said. "But there wasn't any way I was going to let him get up near us."
Police told Draper's wife patrol vehicles would be waiting for them at the Frankford Avenue intersection, he said.
Draper turned south on Frankford and saw a police cruiser waiting near the intersection.
"When we came through the intersection, he turned on his red and blue lights," he said.
Draper said he used his Corvette to trap the still-pursuing SUV between his car and the following police cruiser. They pulled into the nearby CVS Pharmacy parking lot and, within one minute, six police cruisers had surrounded the SUV.
"What scared my wife and I the most was when they got the man out of the car they also pulled out a boy who looked like he was 11 or 12 years old," Draper said.
That boy was Garcia's brother.
"I felt so sorry for that kid last night — he looked scared to death," Draper said.
Appreciative for his family's safety, Draper said he was also relieved when he couldn't spot bullet damage on his car.
He was also appreciative of the police officers who intervened to stop the chase, he said.
"We were very impressed with the response," he said. "My hat's off to the Lubbock Police Department."
Garcia remained in the Lubbock County Jail late Sunday. He was charged with aggravated assault, a second degree felony punishable by two to 20 years in prison and a fine not to exceed $10,000. Other charges, including possession of a controlled substance and endangering a child, could also be filed this week.
Avalanche-Journal attempts to contact Garcia, his family and friends were unsuccessful. His name was not found in phone books, and phone numbers for his family members listed in jail records were wrong numbers. A phone message left at a number for his fiancée was not returned Sunday.
Draper and his wife spent much of Sunday recalling their ordeal, trying to make sense of what happened.
"The whole thing just scared the crud out of us," he said. "Part of the time I get mad about it, and part of the time I get scared ... my wife could have been shot."
To comment on this story:
firstname.lastname@example.com 766-8725
email@example.com 766-8747


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SuVoT – SUstainable & VOcational Tourism
SuVoT is a three-year project partially-funded by the InterregIIIc programme. It builds on the outcomes of the "Network of Cities for Sustainable Tourism", created within the LIFE Environment project "Strategies and Instruments for a Sustainable Tourism in the Mediterranean coastal areas". The Network was initiated by 16 local authorities who signed a common charter showing their commitment to actively contribute to the promotion of sustainability.
SuVoT aims to take the Network further, enlarging its activities and including vocational tourism as a potentially robust, market-driven force, towards sustainability. Vocational Tourism is based on personal values and specific interests, sharing common aims and goals, values, tastes and interests (e.g. cultural heritage, nature, regional food, sports, health and outdoor activities). The offer of a region/destination determines the type of visitor it will attract. SuVoT aims to strengthen the offer of a region/destination according to its social, cultural and natural resources.
Download project leaflet here
An Interreg IIIC partially funded project
Site and graphics created and maintained by ICLEI 2005
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You do not find stores for rent under here; one source suggests rents of $80 to $100 per square foot in the underground city are about double the rents on the surface.
Probably owing to the steep rents, you do not find shops in the PATH that sell funky hats or tie-dyed T-shirts; the shops run more to Harry Rosen and, on the lower end, Tip Top Tailors. While it is impossible to get a shoe shine on the sidewalk in Toronto, there are any number of shoeshine stalls in the PATH, and I discovered on the first day of my walk that I could not wear jeans in the PATH, at peril of being mistaken for a courier or a cleaner.
Even so, armed with patience, one can reach noteworty shops via the PATH. Shopping the other day for Easter treats, I arose from the tunnel into the ground floor of First Canadian Place to find Eitelbach Baumkuchen Pastries, a German baker and chocolatier whose specialty is "treecake," which looks a bit like a chocolate-covered donut; the glaze in fact hides a cake baked layer by layer on a rotisserie.
Then I needed an Easter card. Beneath the TD Bank Tower, just west of the main north/south PATH route through the TD Centre, I found Essence du Papier, one of two Toronto branches of the Montreal-based fine stationer. The store offers a whole wall of colours of cards and envelopes by the German paper-maker Gmund & Rössler, candles, lovely address books and agendas, and even equipment to affix wax seals to envelopes.
Don Givelos wants to make it easier for people to find the shops and services they seek in the PATH. Mr. Givelos, whose experience runs to creating insuranceworks.ca, a recruitment search engine for the insurance industry, has been using the PATH for 30 years.
Now, in a unit he owns at One King West Hotel & Residence, Mr. Givelos has set up an office for Torontopath.com, the five-year-old web site he purchased in December. Mr. Givelos is busy hiring writers and programmers.
"We're creating a one stop shop: everything you want to know about the PATH," he promised last week when he met me in a cozy subterranean nook of a Second Cup that just opened in a new piece of the PATH, under the Bay-Adelaide Centre.
We sat beside an artificial fireplace and he told me of his plans.
"We all take the PATH for granted," he says. "For me it's a business, but it's a business that I'm passionate about. Think of how cool this is. We're sitting here in front of a fake fire, we could get to the Eaton Centre, we could get to the CN Tower, we could get to 30 kilometres of services and never put our coat on. It's very safe: there are security cameras everywhere."
Those who don't commute through the PATH don't know it, he says. "It's almost like Vatican City. It has its own pulse."
Torontopath.com plans to launch its revamped site next Monday, with the semi-spiritual slogan, "Know Your Path." The site may not help you find Nirvana, but it will probably help you locate that German gourmet bakery.
Photo: Don Givelos poses in front of One King West's old bank vault, which is now part of the PATH system and looks cool in photographs. By Peter J. Thompson, National Post


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Home > Men > Accessories > Shoes & Socks > Socks > Texas Longhorn Gridiron Stripe Socks
Item #1219505799
Support the Longhorns with pride in these Burnt Orange and white socks which feature white stripes, the Longhorn silhouette, and "Texas" on the bottom of the foot. 76% acrylic. 21% stretch nylon. 2% spandex. 1% rubber.
Fits men's most men's shoe sizes 10-13.
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Want Ads
This production played in repertory with Fridolin On the Road
Majestic Theatre, (circa. 12/1935 - Closing date unknown)
Category: Special, Ballet, Original, Broadway
Description: Tragi-Comedy
Comments: "Fridolin on the Road" and "Want Ads" were performed together nightly. "Want Ads" itself was comprised of six different stories, each patterned after a different newspaper want ad.


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Design project
Ngân sách €5000-10000 EUR
We are a start-up company looking for someone who can build a full 3D real-time interactive photorealistic kitchen configurator for consumer use.
28 freelancer đang chào giá trung bình €7583 cho công việc này
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