text:
Unemployment will remain above pre-crisis levels in the nations of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). But in a new jobs report the OECD has also found the job crisis to be bottoming out.
In the latestEmployment Outlook report
for its 34 member states, released Wednesday, the OECD said that the job crisis in the world's advanced economies had started to ease, but that unemployment would only modestly decline through 2015.
According to OECD analysts, average jobless rates are set to decrease over the next 18 months, from 7.4 percent in mid-2014 to 7.1 percent at the end of 2015. As unemployment has come down from a post-war high of 8.5 percent in October 2009, this still means that 12.1 million more people will be out of work than directly before the financial and economic crisis.
In the report, OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurria called on the governments in advanced as well as in emerging economies to focus on strengthening economic growth.
"The most effective way is through structural reforms to enhance competition in product and services markets. This will boost investment, productivity, jobs, earnings and well-being," he said.
The Paris-based forum sees hopeful signs for the crisis-hit eurozone where the labor market has "at last turned the corner."
Unemployment in the 18-country currency zone was forecast to fall to 11.2 per cent by the end of 2015, down from 11.7 per cent in the second quarter of this year. National job markets in the area, however, would continue to differ widely, the OECD noted.
While unemployment would still berampant in Spain
, at a rate of about 24 percent at the end of 2015 and in Greece, of 27 percent, it was expected to fall below 5 percent in Austria andGermany
. The report forecast similarly low levels of joblessness for Iceland, South Korea, Mexico, Norway, Japan and Switzerland.
In the United States, the pace of job creation would remain fast, said the OECD, predicting US unemployment to decline to 5.9 per cent by the end of 2015
Stopping the wage slide
The OECD report also called on governments to haltthe decline in real wages
which had come to "a virtual standstill" in many countries since 2009, and actually fell up to 5 percent on average in Greece, Portugal and Spain, for example.
Lowering wages had helped boost employment, particularly in eurozone countries, but further wage decreases risked aggravating poverty, Angel Gurria warned.
"While wage cuts have helped contain job losses and restore competitiveness to countries with large deficits…, further reductions may be counterproductive and neither create jobs nor boost demand," he said.
The challenge for governments was not to just create more jobs but also better jobs, the OECD director general added, recommending reforms to boost labor mobility, improve access to training and boost protections for temporary workers.
uhe/ng (dpa, AFP, Reuters)
German unemployment grew by a small amount in August, as the conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East weighed on economic performance. But Germany's Labor Agency remains ''moderately positive' about the future. (28.08.2014)
The Spanish government hails new data showing growth and a drop in unemployment. But for many people, the economic crisis which lasted over half a decade continues to bite. (24.08.2014)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Arland O. Fiske: Alfred Nobel and the prizes
If you take a tour of Stockholm, Sweden, your guide will certainly point out the grand Hotel and comment, "That's where the Nobel prizes are announced." The awards in physics, chemistry, medicine and literature have been given there since 1901. The award for economics, given only since 1969, is also announced in Stockholm. The politically important Nobel Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo, Norway.
The man who started the world's most prestigious awards was Alfred Nobel (1833-1896), a Swedish chemist. Nobel's father had been an inventor and made it possible for him to study in St. Petersburg and in the United States.
His international fame came from experimenting with nitroglycerin in his father's factory. In 1967, after years of work, he combined it with an absorbent substance that could be safely shipped. He called it "dynamite," from a Greek word meaning, "power." Nobel intended it to be used for peaceful purpose, especially in engineering and in road building.
It wasn't long before Nobel became one of the richest men in the world.
He built factories in many countries and purchased the Bofors armament plant in Sweden.
Among the other things he experimented on were synthetic rubber and artificial silk. A lover of literature, he wrote several plays and novel. These, however, did not bring him fame.
An idealistic Swede, Nobel's fragile health suffered intense guilt when he saw his prized dynamite being used for war.
He had only thought of peaceful uses. In his will, an endowment fund of $9,000,000, money from his estate, was set aside for prizes to promote international peace.
The Swedish Central Bank provides the money for the prize in economics.
All the awards, except the Peace Prize, are given out in Stockholm.
For some unclear reason, Nobel turned over the management of this award to the Norwegian Parliament (Storting) that appoints a committee of five to make its selection. All the awards are made on Dec. 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death. Two or more persons may share the prize, or no award may be made at all. No one is allowed to apply for these prizes. A "qualified" person must make nominations.
Immense prestige is connected with the Nobel Prizes in addition to the money.
I noted this on a trip to Norway in 1985 when I obtained a copy of the Yearbook for the Norwegian (State) Church. The picture of Archbishop Desmond Tutu of South Africa was on the front cover.
In the American press, hardly a reference is made to Archbishop Tutu without noting that he is a "Nobel Peace Prize" winner.
The award reflects the feelings the consensus of the Norwegian people.
They were among the strongest to oppose the Apartheid polices of the South African government. The Scandinavian Air System (SAS) even stopped flights to South Africa. The recognition of Archbishop Tutu has added to his stature as a leader in his country.
To read through the list of awards since they began in 1901, over a hundred years ago, is to review a "who's who" of the world's most influential people of the twentieth century. Besides Desmond Tutu, some of the other recipients have been Wilhelm Roentgen, Theodore Roosevelt, Rudyard Kipling, Albert Einstein, Selma Lagerlof, George Bernard Shaw, Niels Bohr, Arthur Compton, Jane Adams, Enrico Fermi, Linus Pauling, Winston Churchill, Dag Hammarskjold, Albert Einstein, Milton Friedman, Norman Borlaug, Eli Wiesel and Mother Theresa.
Americans have won the largest number of the awards, followed by the Germans, English and French. Seven organizations have won awards, including the United Nations High Commission of Refugees. Only two winners have declined to accept the awards, Boris Pasternak (1973) and Jean Paul Sartre (1977), both in literature.
It's a strange twist of events that the Scandinavians, once the terror of western Europe, should now be the world's foremost promoters of peace; and that the invention of dynamite, intended for peace, should now be the stock in trade for terrorists.
The $9,000,000 trust fund still speaks eloquently in a time when the money of influence is counted rather in billions.
Next Week: Impressions of "Native Americans" by Swedish Immigrants.
ARLAND FISKE, a retired Lutheran minister who previously lived in Laporte and now lives in Texas, is the author of 10 books on Scandinavian themes.


text:
Job Wanted: Marketing, PR or DJ
Marketing and Public Relations
I am a 33 year old Marketing and Public Relations Consultant from London, U.K, living in Merida, working as a consultant to an NGO that works in environmental conservation and education (Niños y Crias). I have over 10 years experience developing marketing plans and strategies from clients as big and global as Nike and Red Bull, to smaller travel agencies, restaurants and hotels and local not-for-profits. I love what I do and want to get involved in helping other local business owners/organisations promote and raise awareness of their product/service/mission.
I have been living in Mexico nearly two years now, working as a freelance consultant for various NGO's and small businesses and am near fluent in Spanish (spoken and written). I would love to hear from anyone who needs help with their marketing or communications, be it writing adverts or website copy, filming promotional videos, an injection of creativity and new ideas, Facebook and social media campaigns + content planning, to a full independent review of how the business/ brand markets and sells itself and how it could improve its performance, fame and sales.
If you would like more info, references, my CV or to discuss your current ideas and challenges - please get in touch via phone or email.
Private Party DJ
I also am a huge music fan and carry with me my precious music library of over 23,000 tunes and have been DJ'ing all types of parties for many years. I have played parties on the beach, at weddings, at birthday parties and in bars across Mexico (and previously in London). If you are looking to hire a bespoke, tailored soundtrack to your event, I may well be what you are looking for. I would love to hear from you to discuss your party plans, the important music brief and work with you to create the perfect tonic for your party.
Many DJ's make the mistake of playing what they want to play and not playing what the hosts and their guests would like to hear (have paid you to play). I see it as the DJ's job to set the tone and the vibe and react accordingly, ensuring that the night goes off in style and everyone leaves with a spring in their step, saying what a great party and great music there had been.
My music spans from across Europe, US and Latin America, and all vibes from the 50's swing, Jazz, funk, disco, ska, reggae, dancehall, electronic cumbia, flamenco, good 80's, hip hop (good original stuff, not gangsta rap!), and more current, world, fusion and electronic vibey dancefloor tick!
Contact details: David Hanney
Freelance Consultant - Marketing and Communications
email: email@example.com
cel (Mexico): 967 139 0411
Agustin 5 years ago
I'm from costa rica and i will be visiting yucatan and i'm looking for a job like dj, i think i'm good like dj because i have worked in so many parties in my contry, if someone needs an dj i can help you
(0 to 1 comments)


text:
Aaron L Swarthout
Found 10 Records, 10 Photos and 39,116 Family Trees
Born in Steuben City, Oneida, New York, USA on 11 Sep 1825 to William Swarthout and Harriet Childs. Aaron L married Sarah Spencer and had 10 children. He passed away on Apr 1915 in Pleasant Hill, Missouri, USA.
Family Members
Ready to discover your family story?
Simply start with yourself and we'll do the searching for you.
Potential photos and documents for Aaron L SwarthoutView All 10 Images
Top record matches for Aaron L Swarthout
Surname meaning for "Swarthout"
Dutch: apparently from swart 'black' + hout 'wood'.


text:
I have recently had the opportunity to participate in two pilgrimages: one in Italy with a family I know from home, and one in Jerusalem with a group from Texas led by a priest who is a friend of mine. Since I am fast approaching the end of my time in Italy, these pilgrimages were opportunities for me to revisit, as a priest, some of the places that have made such a difference in my life.
I recall four years ago, when I spent the entire summer in Jerusalem, encountering a priest in Jerusalem who had a mixed opinion about the importance of pilgrimages. Very often, the pilgrimage experience is not much more than religious tourism: going from place to place to see and experience amazing sights, but without much attention to prayer and conversion. To the extent that a pilgrimage remains nothing more than an exotic vacation, surely its spiritual value is hindered. In this opinion he is joined by St. Gregory of Nyssa. But Gregory feels even more strongly about the issue. He condemns the entire pilgrimage mentality:
When the Lord invites the blest to their inheritance in the kingdom of heaven, He does not include a pilgrimage to Jerusalem among their good deeds; when He announces the Beatitudes, He does not name among them that sort of devotion. But as to that which neither makes us blessed nor sets us in the path to the kingdom, for what reason it should be run after, let him that is wise consider. Even if there were some profit in what they do, yet even so, those who are perfect would do best not to be eager in practicing it…(Gregory of Nyssa, On Pilgrimages.)
The fruits that pilgrims receive on a pilgrimage are, in Gregory's opinion, available to all as a result of the sacramental life offered by the Church in all times and places. So, for him, those who seek after the graces of pilgrimage are seeking after their own vanity, ignoring the interior life available to them in all places because of the Spirit, and instead seeking after an absurd physicality in their faith, as if a historical setting can lead to future glory.
Of course, the mentality of many "pilgrimages" is even worse than what Gregory mentions. Often people are seeking nothing more than a physical experience that confirms their own pre-conceived notions of their own holiness and relationship with God. Add to that the drone of tourism – merely plodding from place to place and seeing the glory of the past through a digital viewfinder – and truly pilgrimages start to seem like a bad idea. One who visits the Holy Land and returns with nothing but photographs and sore feet has, in the thought of Gregory, not profited their soul at best, and at worst, has done serious harm. Indeed, his analysis of the situation in Jerusalem in the 4th century is not all that different from the one pilgrims find in the 21st:
Again, if the Divine grace was more abundant about Jerusalem than elsewhere, sin would not be so much the fashion among those that live there; but as it is, there is no form of uncleanness that is not perpetrated among them; rascality, adultery, theft, idolatry, poisoning, quarrelling, murder, are rife; and the last kind of evil is so excessively prevalent, that nowhere in the world are people so ready to kill each other as there; where kinsmen attack each other like wild beasts, and spill each other's blood, merely for the sake of lifeless plunder. Well, in a place where such things go on, what proof, I ask, have you of the abundance of Divine grace? (On Pilgrimages)
Here's the problem: I am left with a paradox. Everything that Gregory is saying makes sense, and yet I just finished with two pilgrimages which I am certain redounded to the spiritual benefit of (at least some) of the pilgrims involved. The first pilgrimage involved some dear friends – a father and a son – who flew to Italy as gift for the newly-graduated high schooler. Now these men are my friends, and we could frankly have been easily justified in just having a food, wine, and photo tour of Italy, but that is not what they wanted, and it's not what I wanted. Instead, we woke up early every morning for Mass. We broke all the rules and sang everywhere; we prayed in the holy places; and we learned and experienced the dramatic history of the coming of age of the Church in Rome and Italy. Is there no benefit, as Gregory of Nyssa would argue, to celebrating Corpus Christi in the chapel of the relic whose miracle forms the basis of the feast? Is there no benefit to celebrating Mass in the house that Francis built – a foreshadowing of the profound renewal in the entire Church that his life would provoke? Is there no benefit to praying at the tombs of martyrs who died defending the truth of the faith, especially in times such as these? I think there's something more to it than Gregory understood.
The second pilgrimage was with a group of Texans – mostly Aggies – in the Holy Land. Much ink has been spilt over the historical veracity of the sites we today venerate as the locations in which divine mysteries occurred. One might question: if the Tomb of Christ in the Holy Sepulcher was destroyed and rebuilt – a couple of times, and if we're not even sure it's in the exact spot, then what is the benefit of celebrating the Mass of the Resurrection there? Even if it is the empty tomb, the operative word is empty. And yet, there is no question that Mass in the Empty Tomb changes lives. It changed mine several years ago.
I think Gregory misunderstood the purpose of the pilgrimage. It is true, objectively speaking, there is no more divine grace available in Jerusalem than there is in Walla Walla. God's gracious gift of his own divine life was for all men at all times, and no change in latitude or longitude will amplify or diminish the availability of the gift. What changes on pilgrimage is not God, but us.
Gregory of Nyssa was not a great lover of the body. He came from a line of patristic thought that considered the image of God to rest primarily in the soul of man. The body was truly part of a human person, but it was not a very exalted part. So for Gregory, to reduce oneself to seeking after bodily experiences – which a pilgrimage is, at least on the level of geography – is to value the input of the lesser part of man's condition more than that of his greater part.
Over time, Gregory's own position changed. He was forced to deal with the fact of the Resurrection of the Flesh, which indicates on an objective level that God places some serious value on the body. We know that all of our information comes through the body – through the senses. We are historical creatures, and seeing the spots and context of our Christian history can help us to understand where we have been as a Church and where we are going. Pilgrimages incarnate Christianity for us. The same principle lies behind relics and physical actions such as processions and kneeling and embracing the cross on Good Friday. Gregory was defending his flock from the notion that a pilgrimage grants the pilgrim some sort of necessary grace that would be otherwise unavailable, but in the process he trampled on the notion of unnecessary grace – gratuitously given that we might be better Christians.
Pilgrimages that function as they should have a retreat-like effect on people. Removed from our normal contexts and circumstances, absent the distractions and headaches of normal life, pilgrimages give us a chance to give unfettered attention to God and his Church. I do lament that, with increased mobility of communications, too often pilgrimages today are not the escape they should be, and to the extent that we remain "wired" while journeying to God, we rise with a tether on our foot, neglecting the higher things for the lower, which is precisely Gregory's criticism.
I do know this: pilgrimages in Italy and to the Holy Land have changed my life. Could God have given me that grace in other ways? Without question, yes. But was I ready to accept it? No. And so I thank God for pilgrimages, and especially for the two I recently had the pleasure to accompany. I pray that the pilgrims I met will be changed by their experiences and be enriched as Christians by their new perspective.
* Catholic News Agency columns are opinion and do not necessarily express the perspective of the agency.


text: Ah, being on call will do it to you, and this spoof of the classic Glengarry Glen Ross monologue sums things up perfectly today. At least it's Friday, and it reminds me that I need to watch that movie again too. (warning, plenty of language, and it's all bad).comments powered by Disqus


text:
I found the following code (which I've changed a bit) and the explanation in blue in a book. I don't understand the use of getch() or other function getche() the book refers to. Could you please comment on this? And what does "\r" stands for? Thanks for all the help.
One function in EXTERN, getachar(), reads characters from the keyboard. It uses the library function getch(), which is like getche() except that it doesnt echo the character typed to the screen (hence the absence of the final e in the name). A second EXTERN function, putachar(), displays each character on the screen. The effect is that what you type is displayed in the normal way:
Im typing in this line of text
Code:// extern.cpp // demonstrates global variables #include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> #include <conio.h> //for getch() using namespace std; char ch = 'a'; //global variable ch void getachar(); //function declarations void putachar(); int main() { cout << "ch is: " << ch << endl; while( ch != '\r' ) //main() accesses ch { getachar(); putachar(); } cout << endl; system("pause"); return 0; } //-------------------------------------------------------------- void getachar() //getachar() accesses ch { ch = getch(); } //-------------------------------------------------------------- void putachar() //putachar() accesses ch { cout << ch; }


text:
Written on: 18/01/2013 by greeko (1 review written)
Recieved the 3D noughts n crosses after ordering on the Sunday night i recieved it on the Wed, i live in the north o Scotland; brilliant. I opened the carefully packed pieces and had a game with the missus, this lasted for ages, we are well impressed with the quality build and the fun when playing. well worth the money.
Every home should have one :-)


text:
* Prices may differ from that shown
I bought this phone sometime ago, I hardly use it anymore. It still comes in handy, if my main phone is being repaired.
I can't count how many times I dropped this phone, it still looks as new as the day I bought it. Unlike most phones, you drop them once, the screen cracks.
It's very reliable, it has a monochrome display, just like the old mobile phones, before colour technology. Not recommended if you have bad eyesight, screen display is small and dark.
The keys are well shaped to fit your finger tips, spaced well.
If you want a data plan, this is not the phone for you, it has no data capacity, so no bluetooth, internet, usb.
It's one of the most basic phones you can find, it really is only good for calls, and storing phone numbers.
Talktime is only 5 hours, so you have to keep charging it regularly.
Well call me old-fashioned, but I like simple, easy to use technology that doesn't have an extremely long learning curve. The Sendo S300 appeals to me for that very reason. It's Simple. And at the end of the day, its called a phone because it's function is to simply ring people. If it has any other unnecessary features well it's therefore in my eyes no longer a phone.
I'm sick and tired of being told that I NEED the latest features for my phone. '' Jake, you NEED bluetooth, you NEED a 5 megapixel camera, you NEED this you NEED that. Frankly, I don't give one.
My friends are transfixed in this technological obsessed society where it seems it's no longer acceptable to have a phone like a Sendo S300. There is still hope for this kind of mobile phone as the website Twitter.com (check my review if you aren't sure what it is) proved. This simple technology may come back round, hopefully.
Anyway, on with the features of this simple but splendid mobile phone. Once turning on you will see the network your subscribed to, the time, your mobile phone signal and how much battery you have left. Due to the phones limited features, the battery lasts for what seems like an eternity because it no longer has to waste energy on any unnecessary applications.
On the homepage, you will have a choice of two options, one is to click on to the menu where you will encounter another list of potential choices or you can click straight onto your contacts which enables you ring someone easily without having to skip through various other options.
The first category that comes up is entitled messages. The sub-headings are then placed in the most logical order with the most obvious options like Send, Read and Delete at the top of the list and so on.
You also have the option of Virgin (or whatever network you're on) which enables you to top-up your account or use any of the services available from the network you are subscribed to.
You also then have the sounds category where you are able to select the sounds you would like for your ringtone or when you receive a message. You can also give personal ringtones to your contacts which is quite a handy and fun option. The mobile comes with a standard set of sounds, most of which you will of heard before like Valkyrie or that famous Mexican song that when finished usually corresponds with a ''Hey!''. There's a wide selection of monophonic ringtones from a whole host of different genres. There will certainly be something for everyone.
There's also the Extras menu which is basically just a few ''high-tech'' games for you to get addicted to like Connect 4 and Pong. Other basic features include Languages and the always important alarm clock.
The phone itself is quite small and compact, measuring less than 10cm long. You won't have to worry about people stealing it because its ''rubbish'' and worth very little so any paranoia that you would have with a £100 phone automatically disappears.
The phone also has very easy navigating system with your usual green and red buttons with a cancel button that basically takes you back to your last position. The buttons are fairly large and spread apart so you don't end up pressing other buttons by accident too much. This makes texting extremely easy.
So there we have it, a basic review of a basic phone. I know many people will disagree with my views on this technological subject but this phone could be picked up for less then £10 and it does everything a mobile phone is designated to do. So what if it doesn't have a colour screen? It's a reliable phone that does exactly what it says on the box.


text:
|N·mero de publicaci¾n
|Tipo de publicaci¾n
|N·mero de solicitud
|Fecha de publicaci¾n
|9 Ene 2001
|Fecha de presentaci¾n
|15 Dic 1998
|Fecha de prioridad
|17 Dic 1997
|N·mero de publicaci¾n
|Darius Crenshaw, Scott Summerfelt
|Cesionario original
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (10), Citada por (21), Clasificaciones (16), Eventos legales (4)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesi¾n de USPTO, Espacenet
This application claims priority under 35 USC ¦ 119 (e) (1) of provisional application No. 60/069,938, filed Dec. 17, 1997.
This invention generally relates to the fabrication of high dielectric constant capacitors.
The increasing density of integrated circuits (e.g., DRAMs) is increasing the need for materials with high dielectric constants to be used in electrical devices such as capacitors. Generally, capacitance is directly related to the surface area of the electrode in contact with the capacitor dielectric, but it is not significantly affected by the electrode volume. The current method generally used to achieve higher capacitance per unit area is to increase the surface area/unit area by increasing the topography in trench and stack capacitors using silicon dioxide or silicon dioxide/silicon nitride as the dielectric. This approach becomes very difficult in terms of manufacturability for devices such as the 256 Mbit and 1 Gbit DRAMs.
An alternative approach is to use a high permitivity dielectric material. Many high dielectric constant (HDC) materials including perovskites, ferroelectrics and others, such as (Ba, Sr)TiO3 (BST), usually have much larger capacitance densities than standard SiO2-Si3N4-SiO2 capacitors. The deposition process for HDC materials such as BST usually occurs at high temperature (generally greater than 500░ C.) in an oxygen containing atmosphere. Therefore, the lower electrode structure formed prior to the HDC deposition should be stable in an oxygen atmosphere and at these temperatures.
Various metals and metallic compounds, and typically noble metals such as Pt and conductive oxides such as RuO2, have been proposed as the electrodes for the HDC materials. However, there are several problems with the materials thus far chosen for the lower electrode in thin-film applications. Many of these problems are related to semiconductor process integration. For example, it has been found to be difficult to use Pt alone as the lower electrode. While Pt is stable in oxygen, it generally allows oxygen to diffuse through it allowing neighboring materials to oxidize. Pt. does not normally stick very well to traditional dielectrics such as silicon dioxide and silicon nitride and Pt can rapidly form a silicide at low temperatures. Therefore, prior art methods have used lower electrodes comprising multiple layers to separate the Pt from the underlying silicon. However, even when multiple layers are used for the lower electrode, a problem remains in that Pt is very difficult to etch when using a pattern. The principle problem is the difficulty in forming volatile halides. For example, etching Pt in fluorine and chlorine gas mixtures is almost a completely physical process until very high temperatures (>300░ C.) are reached. Physical etching typically results in redeposition on the sidewalls of photoresist or other pattern definers unless a very sloped sidewall (<65 degrees) is used. If the goal is to etch 1 G-like structures (F-0.18 μm) with reasonable aspect ratios (>1), then sloped sidewalls are a serious problem.
A capacitor structure and method of forming the capacitor structure are disclosed herein. The capacitor comprises a HDC dielectric and upper and lower electrodes. The lower electrode comprises, at least in part, an oxygen stable material. The oxygen stable material is formed by first forming a disposable dielectric layer patterned and etched to expose the area where the storage node is desired and then depositing the oxygen stable material. The oxygen stable material is then either etched back or CMP processed using the disposable dielectric layer as an endpoint. The disposable dielectric layer is then removed. The HDC dielectric is then formed adjacent the oxygen stable material.
An advantage of the invention is proving a method of forming a high-K capacitor that does not require a fine patterned etch of the oxygen stable material for the lower electrode.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional diagram of a DRAM cell pair including a capacitor according to the invention; and
FIGS. 2A-2I are cross-sectional diagrams of the DRAM cell pair of FIG. 1 at various stages of fabrication.
Corresponding numerals and symbols in the different figures refer to corresponding parts unless otherwise indicated.
The invention is described herein in conjunction with a high-K capacitor structure for a DRAM application. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the benefits of the invention are also applicable to other high-K capacitor structures.
A pair of DRAM cells 10 each including a capacitor 12 according to the invention are shown in FIG. 1. The pair of DRAM cells 10 are located on substrate 14. Substrate 14 is typically silicon. However, other semiconductors such as germanium or diamond, compound semiconductors such as GaAs, InP, Si/Ge, or SiC, and ceramics may alternatively be used. Insulating regions 16 are used to isolate the pair of DRAM cells 10 from other DRAM cell pairs (not shown). As shown, insulating regions 16 comprise a field oxide region. Other isolation structures known in the art, such as shallow trench isolation, may alternatively be used. Wordline structures 18 form the gates of the transistor. Wordlines structures 18 may the same as those used conventionally in DRAM structures. Bitline 20 is connected to the common source/drain 22 of the DRAM cell pair 10. The opposite source/drain regions 26 are each connected to the bottom electrode of a capacitor 12. The interlevel dielectric layers 24 and 28 are capped by an etchstop layer 30. The interlevel dielectric layers 24 and 28 typically comprise an oxide such as silicon dioxide. The etchstop layer 30 comprises a material that may be etched selectively with respect to a temporary dielectric described further below. In the preferred embodiment, etchstop layer 30 comprises silicon-nitride. Other materials that provide a non-reactive etchstop and possible diffusion barrier, such as undoped TEOS, aluminum-oxide, titanium-oxide or aluminum-nitride may alternatively be used.
The bottom electrode of capacitors 12 comprises a base 32. Base 32 may comprise the shape of a plug that extends from source/drain region 26 through interlevel dielectric layer 24 and a storage node contact (SNCT) 31 that extends from base 32 through interlevel dielectric 28. Base 32 and SNCT 31 would typically comprise doped polysilicon, such as insitu-doped polysilicon. Above SNCT 31, a diffusion barrier layer 34 is located. The thickness of diffusion barrier layer 34 may be on the order of 1000 A. Above diffusion barrier layer 34 is oxygen stable layer 36. The height of oxygen stable layer 36 is the height desired for the storage node. For a 1 Gbit BST DRAM, a store thickness of approximately 3000 A is appropriate. Diffusion barrier 34 preferably comprises titanium-aluminum-nitride. Other materials that prevent the diffusion of oxide and that do not react with the SNCT 31, such as titanium-nitride, ternary (or greater) amorphous nitrides (e.g., Ti—Si—N, Ta—Si—N, Ta—B—N, or Ti—B—N), or other exotic conductive nitrides (e.g., Zr nitride, Hf nitride, Y nitride, Sc nitride, La nitride and other rare earth nitrides, nitride deficient Al nitride, doped Al nitride, Mg nitride, Ca nitride, Sr nitride and Ba nitride) may alternatively be used. Oxygen stable layer 36 preferably comprises platinum. Other possible materials include other noble metals or alloys thereof (e.g., palladium, iridium, ruthenium, rhodium, gold, silver), conductive metal compounds (e.g., binary oxides, RuOx, tin oxide, IrOx, indium oxide, etc,), or conductive perovskite like materials (e.g., (La,Sr)CoO3+, SrRuO3, etc.).
Diffusion barrier 34 prevents oxygen from diffusing through oxygen stable layer 36 and reacting with/oxidizing SNCT 31. It also prevents oxygen stable layer 36 from reacting with base 32 to form a silicide. The diffusion barrier 34 might not be used for some combinations of oxygen stable materials and high-K material process temperature and ambients.
The capacitor dielectric 40 is a high dielectric constant dielectric, typically having a dielectric constant greater than 50. Barium-strontium titanate (BST) is a typical example. Other examples include SrTiO3, BaTiO3, ferroelectric materials such as Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3, Nb doped PZT, doped PZT, Bi4Ti3O12, SrBi2(Ta,Nb)2O9, and other layered perovskites, relaxors such as lead-magnesiumniobate. Dielectric 40 follows the contour of the device and is located on the sidewalls and on the surface of oxygen stable layer 36. The formation of dielectric 40 is typically performed in an O2 ambient. Oxygen stable layer 36 is stable in O2 and since only the oxygen stable layer portion of the bottom electrode is exposed during BST formation, oxidation of the bottom electrode is prevented. A top electrode 44 is located over the dielectric 40. The top electrode 44 comprises conventional materials.
A method for forming the DRAM cell pair 10 of FIG. 1 will now be described in conjunction with FIGS. 2A-2I. The structure is processed through the formation of interlevel dielectric 24 as shown in FIG. 2A. Isolating regions 16, source/drain regions 22 and 26, wordline structures 18, and bitlines 20 have already been formed. Conventional techniques known in the art may be used to formed these structures.
Referring to FIG. 2B, a second thick interlevel dielectric film 28 is deposited over the structure followed by the deposition of a thin etchstop layer 30. The second interlevel dielectric film 28 may, for example, comprise TEOS and have a thickness on the order of 3000 A. Etchstop layer 30 would typically comprise silicon nitride. Etchstop layer 30 and interlevel dielectric film 28 are patterned and etched using a SNCT pattern to expose areas where the storage node is desired. In most capacitor-over-bitline (COB) DRAM architectures, a self-aligned contact (SACT) has previously been filled with a polysilicon base 32 to form a pad landing at the bitline 20 height. The SNCT pattern aligns to the polysilicon base 32. Although an ideal alignment is desired, FIG. 2B shows a slight misalignment accounting for alignment tolerances. The diameter of the base 32 is minimum critical dimension (CD). For the case of a 1 Gbit DRAM, the CD is on the order of 0.18 μm. In order to help in the alignment of the store pattern, whose width is also at minimum CD, to the base 32, an optional dielectric sidewall liner 33 can be deposited at this point, as shown in FIG. 2C. Although this increases the contact resistance of the subsequently formed SNCT, it improves the probability of having only the base 32 exposed at this point. If, on the other hand, base 32 had not previously been formed, the etch described above would continue through interlevel dielectric 24 to source/drain region 26.
Next, the SNCT 31 is formed. In the preferred embodiment, ISD polysilicon is deposited to a thickness greater than one half of the diameter of the SNCT area and etched back to form SNCT 31. Either an anisotropic etchback or a chemical-mechanical polish may be used. SNCT 31 is recessed approximately 300-500 A below the surface of layer 30. It should be noted that either or both base 32 and SNCT 31 may alternatively comprise metal compounds (such as nitrides, silicides, or carbides), conductive metals (such as titanium, tungsten, tantalum, or molybdenum), single component semiconductors (such as silicon or germanium), compound semiconductors (such as GaAs, InP, Si/Ge, or SiC), or combinations of the above.
The next step in the formation of the bottom electrode/storage node is the deposition of the diffusion barrier 34. Although titanium-nitride is a popular diffusion barrier, a material such as Ti—Al—N is preferable because of its superior oxidation resistance. Optimum TiAlN compositions are Ti1−xAlxN, where 0.3<ū<0.5. Other materials that may be used for diffusion barrier 34 include, but are not limited to, ternary (or greater) amorphous nitrides and exotic conductive nitrides as listed in more detail above. In forming diffusion barrier 34, CVD processes are preferable, but sputter deposition of a 1000 A thick film may alternatively be used. A planarization process such a reactive ion etching (RIE) etchback or CMP, is then performed to remove the diffusion barrier material from the surface of the etchstop layer 30. Diffusion barrier 34 is thus left only above the SNCT 31. The height of diffusion barrier 34 is such that the surface of diffusion barrier 34 is at or below the surface of the etchstop layer 30, as shown in FIG. 2E.
Next, a disposable dielectric layer 50 is deposited over the structure. Examples for disposable dielectric layer 50 included PSG and TEOS. Other examples will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having reference to the specification. The composition of disposable layer 50 and etchstop layer 30 should be chosen such that disposable dielectric layer 50 may be removed selectively with respect to etchstop layer 30. The thickness of layer 50 is on the order of the desired thickness of the storage node. For a 1 Gbit BST DRAM this is expected to be on the order of 3000 A. A store hole pattern is then placed on disposable layer 50. The store hole pattern exposes disposable layer 50 where the storage node is desired. This pattern can be slightly larger than minimum CD in order to improve the alignment to SNCT 31. Using this pattern, a very anisotropic etch is used to etch the disposable dielectric layer 50, as shown in FIG. 2F. The pattern is then removed.
Referring to FIG. 2G, an oxygen stable layer 52 is deposited over the structure. Pt is an excellent oxygen stable material for layer 52. Other examples for an oxygen stable layer 52 include other noble metals (described above) and conductive oxides such as RuO2+, IrOx, PdO, (LaSr)CoO3+ and SrRuO3. For the oxygen stable layer 52, a CVD would be preferred but a sputter process with ˜50% step coverage could be successfully integrated into the process flow. Alternative processes include reflow of the oxygen stable material or forcefill of the oxygen stabel material.
Referring to FIG. 2H, oxygen stable layer 52 is then etched-back (RIE or CMP) to remove the oxygen stable layer 52 to a level just below the top of disposable dielectric layer 50, creating storage node 36. Finally, disposable layer 50 is removed, as shown in FIG. 2I. For example, a wet, selective dry or vapor dielectric etch may be used. The remaining storage node 36 can have 90░ sidewalls. The top of the storage node 36 may not be planar. However, the majority of the storage area comes from the storage node 36 sidewalls.
The invention has several benefits. One benefit is that the oxygen stable bottom electrode is defined by etching the easily etchable material of the temporary dielectric 50 (e.g. PSG) and not by fine pattern etching the oxygen stable material 36. With the exception of Ru, most of the oxygen stable bottom electrode materials are very hard to dry etch fine patterns. The principle problem is the difficulty in forming volatile halides or oxides. For example, etching Pt in fluorine and chlorine gas mixtures is almost a completely physical process until very high temperatures (>300░ C.) are reached. Physical etching typically results in redeposition on the sidewalls of photoresist or other pattern definers unless a very sloped sidewall (<65 degrees) is used. If the goal is to etch 1 G-like structures (F-0.18 μm) with reasonable aspect ratios (>1), then sloped sidewalls are a serious problem.
The structure of FIG. 2H is the storage node 36 upon which the HDC capacitor dielectric is deposited (see FIG. 1). The preferred HDC dielectric is BST. However, other HDC dielectric could alternatively be used. Finally, the top capacitor electrode 44 is formed over HDC dielectric 40. Exemplary top electrode materials for use over a HDC dielectric are known in the art. The top electrode 44 will, in general, comprises the same material(s) as the bottom electrode in order to have symmetrical leakage currents. The material in contact with the capacitor dielectric 40 can be relatively thin if it is covered by a conductive diffusion barrier or other metallization layer. A specific embodiment might comprises a 50 nm thick Pt or Ir layer. The deposition is either sputter deposited (long throw, collimated, or ionized for better conformality) or CVD. Next, a 50-100 nm thick layer of TiN or TiAlN is deposited by reactive sputter deposition or by CVD. The top electrode 44 is then pattern by reactive ion etch process and TiN or TiAlN can be used as a hardmask for the remaining etch if desired. The sample might be annealed in N2 is TiN is used of O2 is TiAlN is used as a hardmask. Typical anneal conditions are 650░ C. in N2 or O2 for 30 sec for 550░ C. in N2 or O2 for 30 min.
While this invention has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the invention, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description. It is therefore intended that the appended claims encompass any such modifications or embodiments.
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|Clasificaci¾n de EE.UU.
|Clasificaci¾n internacional
|Clasificaci¾n cooperativa
|Clasificaci¾n europea
|17 Mar 1999
Owner name: TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED, TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CRENSHAW, DARIUS;SUMMERFELT, SCOTT;REEL/FRAME:009834/0638;SIGNING DATES FROM 19990303 TO 19990310
|29 Jun 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|19 Jun 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|25 Jun 2012
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Woman hit and killed on 8 Mile Tuesday morning
SOUTHFIELD, Mich. (WJBK) - Police are still searching for the driver who ran over a woman and left her to die in the middle of 8 Mile early Tuesday morning.
The gruesome scene unfolded just before 3 a.m. Tuesday. Lawshawn Dawson was crossing 8 Mile between Evergreen and Southfield when the 44-year-old was hit by a car.
The driver who hit her just kept going as Dawson laid in the road and died. Her 24-year-old daughter, Lawanda, was stunned that someone could do that to her mom.
"That's my mom somebody just hit her and left her," Lawanda said. "She's gone. I'm never gonna get her back, I'm never gonna have another mom."
Dawson had been at her cousin's home near 7 Mile and Evergreen on Monday. She left around 5 p.m. to head to the store but never came back. The woman had a mental condition but took her medication regularly and has never wandered off before. By 3 a.m., she was dead.
Dawson recently broke her ankle and her family is still trying to figure out why she was on 8 Mile and why a driver would hit her and just leave.
Southfield Police spent the morning on 8 Mile to collect evidence but say they have little to go on and Deputy Chief Nick Loussia is asking anyone who knows anything to say something.
"We're hoping that somebody knows something, that somebody saw something, that somebody maybe sees a vehicle abandoned somehwere that has front end damage," Loussia said. "We're reaching out to business owners or homewoners that have cameras at their businesses or residence to review the video. If there's anything on that video that would be of use to us in the ivnestigation, we ask that they give us a call."
Lawshawn's sister, Willowdell Jackson, is begging the person responsible to come forward.
"We just want to know who did this so we can have peace. Please, whoever did this, turn yourself in, for us," Jackson said.
Lawanda has set up a GoFundMe to help pay for funeral expenses. Click here to donate


text:
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You also need to know that these companies are willing to give you big amount of salary since you can be the key in the success of the companies. The reason behind this is the fact that such companies will need to contact with the other companies by having the meeting to talk about certain projects. Indeed, during such meeting, there will be some presentations. If the presentations of the company whom you work for is good enough, the project might be theirs which means that they can make big profits. Up to this point, you have understood about importance of this skill right? However, you cannot just apply to be the presentation designer just by claiming that you have the skill to operate the software. You still need to have the MS Powerpoint certification. The certification will become the proof that your skill is not just a bluff. It is the proof that you have taken the examination to make sure your skill is really trustable and you can really deal with the operation of the software. This is the thing which is needed by the companies. Whenever you apply for such position and you bring the certification along with your CV, the employers will give some plus mark on you. It means that you can have better chance to be hired than those who do not have the certification. Now that you have already known the importance of the certification, you should have intention to get it in your mind.
Well, for such matter, you can simplify the processes in getting the certification. Forget about the method to get take the exam held by the regular institution. This method will demand you to spend so many efforts and it is also possible that you choose the wrong institution which will only lead to the poor quality of the certification. Why don't you use the online MS Powerpoint 2000 test? This method will give simplicity to you. There is no need to wander around your surrounding places to find out the institution. You only need to turn on your computer and make the search. Well, your choice should fall to Brainmeasures.com since this website is the most trustable and reputable site in the field of online test including the online MS Powerpoint exam
If you are worried about the trustworthiness of the online certifications, you can actually get rid of it. You must know that this kind of certifications is really capable to help you in getting better career as great as the regular certifications do. For addition, isn't it a lot much simpler for you to get this kind of certification? Why do you choose the hard method if you can get the same quality easily? And for such matter, Brainmeasures.com can really help you. You can simply register to take the exam.
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text:
BAGHDAD, June 16 (UPI) -- The recent killings of government security officials were carried out by a "militia" inside the Interior Ministry, Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki said.
Maliki said a "militia" of more than 400 men was set up inside the Interior Ministry, answerable only to an outside political official he didn't name, McClatchy Newspapers reported Thursday.
The Iraqi prime minister said "investigations, investigating committees and confessions" indicated the recent assassinations were conducted using "government weapons, government cars and government IDs."
"It's one thing to face an enemy that doesn't have real capabilities," Maliki said. "But if the enemy is within your lines, and doesn't believe in the political process, the enemy will take benefit from government facilities to carry out these actions."
Maliki didn't provide any names, but he pledged to launch a complete investigation of the Interior Ministry after al-Qaida in Iraq terrorism suspects attempted to break out of jail at the main Interior Ministry compound in downtown Baghdad last month.


text:
Being pregnant is a wonderful time in a woman's life, but not every pregnancy goes smoothly. In fact, while there are some moms-to-be who seem to glide through the nine months with few troubles, there are others who aren't as lucky.
Late last year, Kim Kardashian announced that she was expecting a baby, but according to a new report from Radar Online, she may not be taking care of herself like she should and reportedly suffered a miscarriage scare while returning from traveling abroad.
The incident occurred Tuesday night when the reality show star reportedly started feeling ill on a plane ride back to her home in Los Angeles. Knowing that something was not right, she immediately went to the doctor. Kardashian feared that she was suffering a miscarriage, but luckily it was a false alarm and the baby is okay.
Kardashian has always been a voluptuous woman and, while there isn't anything wrong with a woman having some curves, it seems that she is using these nine months to try to stay in shape. Working out during pregnancy isn't the worst thing that you can do and the activity can be beneficial as long as it isn't too strenuous. However, some sources told Radar that Kardashian has been working out nearly every day and the constant globe-trotting isn't helping her health, either. Hopefully, the reality show star will slow down her life so that she doesn't suffer any more scares.
Of course, being pregnant is a big change, and it's hard to make the transition and slow down. When I found out I was pregnant, I continued an exercise regiment, but around 28 weeks of pregnancy suffered some spotting. It was at that time when I was told that I, too, needed to slow down on the working out during the final 12 weeks of my pregnancy. I am by no means a health nut, but do enjoy going to the gym and had to find ways to get a small work out in, but stay safe. It was a hard at first, but with my doctor's help, I was able to continue to work out but stay safe; and there is no doubt that Kim Kardashian will be able to do the same.
Did you work out when you were pregnant?
Photo Credit: Wikimedia Commons


text:
Well hello, baby bumps! Kerry Washington, Olivia Wilde, and Drew Barrymore stepped out on the Golden Globes red carpet Sunday night with their adorable pregnant bellies in full effect. When was the last time three A-list celebrities were visibly pregnant at one awards show? Wow!
The Golden Globes marked the first time we have seen Washington's baby belly and boy (or girl?), was it worth the wait. The Scandal star seemed to know how great she looked in her Balenciaga gown, which perfectly accented her round tummy.
"[I've got] the best date of the night," the glowing actress joked to E!'s Ryan Seacrest about her bump on the red carpet. Washington also referred to her adorable belly as her "little accessory." So sweet.
Olivia Wilde also showed off her "little accessory" in a bump-hugging emerald green gown. The actress, who is expecting her first baby just like Kerry Washington, admitted to Seacrest that she had an interesting experience picking her dress for the evening.
"I never had boobs before!" Wilde gushed.
The gorgeous actress also revealed her due date and the mnemonic device she uses to remember it: "May the 4th be with you." Too cute.
As for Drew Barrymore, who doesn't love this ebullient, adorable star and her growing baby bump? The actress, who is pregnant with her second daughter, said she is finding pregnancy the second time around to be both easier and harder: easier in that she knows what to expect and harder because she has to chase after her toddler Olive.
Yes, it was a big night for Hollywood baby bumps. I loved seeing these moms-to-be strutting their stuff on the red carpet. You all looked incredible and I hope you were able to enjoy the evening despite not being able to have a cocktail!
3 More Things to Read:
Drew Barrymore Makes a Bold Comment About Pregnancy at the Golden Globes
Kristen Bell Will Not Hide Her Sexy Movie Roles From Daughter Lincoln


text:
NEWTOWN, Conn., Aug. 21 (UPI) -- The Turkish government has contracted defense company Aselsan to design, develop and produce a multi-mission phased-array radar.
The radar, known as CAFRAD Faz-1, is expected to be similar to the ALPHA M-2258 phased-array naval radar developed by Israel Aerospace Industries and Israel's Elta company, market research and analysis firm Forecast International reported.
"A project like the CAFRAD Faz-1 is quite ambitious for Aselsan, which is undertaking for the first time the development of such a complex radar," Forecast International said. "Regardless of any potential shortcomings in technological advancements during the developmental process, Aselsan is still optimistic that it will meet a timetable for delivery completions between 2014 and 2018."
Aselsan has partnered with the state scientific research institute Tubitak on the project, which will initially involve development of an illumination radar and a non-rotating identification friend or foe system.
Second phase development will involve development of long-range surveillance and multi-functional radars, Forecast International said.


text:
Bhu Nga Thani Resort and Spa
Select your stay dates to check availability at Bhu Nga Thani Resort and Spa
Bhu Nga Thani Resort and Spa
About the Hotel
Property Location
With a stay at Bhu Nga Thani Resort and Spa in Krabi, you'll be minutes from West Railay Beach and close to Ao Phra Nang Beach. This 4-star hotel is within close proximity of East Railay Beach and Phra Nang Beach.
Make yourself at home in one of the 60 air-conditioned rooms featuring minibars and DVD players. 29-inch LCD televisions with satellite programming provide entertainment, while complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected. Private bathrooms with separate bathtubs and showers feature complimentary toiletries and hair dryers. Conveniences include safes and desks, and housekeeping is provided daily.
Rec, Spa, Premium Amenities
Relax at the full-service spa, where you can enjoy massages and body treatments. You can take advantage of recreational amenities such as an outdoor pool, a sauna, and a fitness center. This hotel also features complimentary wireless Internet access, concierge services, and babysitting/childcare (surcharge).
Satisfy your appetite at the hotel's restaurant, which serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner, or stay in and take advantage of room service (during limited hours). Relax with your favorite drink at a poolside bar or a swim-up bar.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include complimentary high-speed (wired) Internet access, a 24-hour business center, and limo/town car service. A roundtrip airport shuttle is provided for a surcharge (available on request).
Hotel Facilities
- Beach towels
- Laundry facilities
- Designated smoking areas
- Meeting rooms
- Elevator/lift
- Swim-up bar
- Poolside bar
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Concierge services
- Outdoor pool
- Sauna
- Babysitting or childcare (surcharge)
- Number of buildings/towers - 5
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- 24-hour business center
- Airport transportation (surcharge)
- Supervised childcare/activities
- Restaurant
- Luggage storage
- Pool umbrellas
- Limo or Town Car service available
- Free WiFi
- Fitness facilities
- Spa services on site
- Full-service spa
- Number of floors - 3
- Free beach cabanas
- Children's pool
- Total number of rooms - 60
- Spa treatment room(s)
Room Facilities
- Room service (limited hours)
- Private bathroom
- Air conditioning
- In-room safe
- Free WiFi
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Free toiletries
- Desk
- Coffee/tea maker
- DVD player
- Daily housekeeping
- Separate bathtub and shower
- Bathrobes
- Separate sitting area
- Hair dryer
- Slippers
- First-run movies
- Premium TV channels
- Minibar
- Satellite TV service
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
Hotel Policy
Know Before You Go
- Guests must transfer via boat to the property. Guests must contact the property at least no hours before travel, using the contact information on the confirmation received after booking.
- This property offers transfers from the airport (surcharges may apply). Guests must contact the property with arrival details 24 hours prior to arrival, using the contact information on the booking confirmation.
- A fee for a mandatory New Year's Eve gala dinner is included in the total price displayed for stays on 31 December.
- Children 3 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding.
- The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
- Fee for cooked-to-order breakfast: THB 500 for adults and THB 250 for children (approximately)
- Airport shuttle fee: THB 1400 per room (one way)
- Rollaway bed fee: THB 1800 per night
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.
Mandatory Fees and Taxes
The charges below are included in your overall room price:
- New Year's Eve gala dinner fee
We have included all charges provided to us by the property. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.Show all hotel policy Show less hotel policy


text:
ACParadise Network: American Cosplay Paradise American Cosplay Experience American Cosplay Snapshots
Cosplayer Lyssala > Costume of Morgiana (Magi Labyrinth of Magic)
- Most Recent Photo
- 11-15-2013
- Series
- Magi Labyrinth of Magic
- Character
- Morgiana
- Year Completed:
- Construction Difficulty:
- Normal
About this Costume
- Construction Details:
The necklace is made from clay and the leg bands from thin elastic sewn together. The dress is made from three pieces: the top, the skirt, and the middle wrap.
- Personal Thoughts:
- A favorite of mine that I plan to redo when I make her time skip outfit!
Wig Details
- Wig Brand
- Epic Cosplay
- Wig Name
- 20" Straight
- Wig Quality Rating
- 4 / 5.00
Add a Comment


text:
Shooters and spectators traveled through Cherryville on New Year�s Day to ring in 2013 with muskets, black powder and lots of noise.
Longtime Cherryville residents know all about the tradition. The Cherryville New Year�s Shooters embarked on a 50-stop quest to spread traditional holiday joy at midnight on New Year�s Eve. Then throughout the day, about 100 shooters visited businesses and residences.
Another group, the Traditional New Year�s Shooters, began firing their black powder in front of Cherryville City Hall at midnight on New Year�s Eve. That group continued through 57 scheduled stops, finishing at the Great Outdoors store on Cherry Street.
The tradition dates back hundreds of years when shooters traveled from home to home, reciting a chant and firing muskets. Some of those being entertained offered refreshments and gifts.
Replica muskets are often used today by children and adults participating in the festivities. The public is welcome to watch but shooters must be dues-paying members to participate.
The Traditional Shooters group broke away from an original group in 1955. Another shooters group in Bessemer City, the Ridge Runners, also participates in a New Year�s Day shooting tradition.


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WTVP Headlines
Wednesday, July 27, 2011
Airs Tuesday, August 9 at 7:00 p.m. on WTVP 47.1
— The Superstars of Folk Music Performing Their Best-Loved Songs —
Hosted by Noel Paul Stookey of Peter, Paul & Mary, LEGENDS OF FOLK: THE VILLAGE SCENE celebrates the folk era
in Greenwich Village in the 1960s. The epicenter of the folk, folk rock and singer songwriter movements, the Village, with its cafes
and coffee houses, shaped one of the most important periods in American music.
LEGENDS OF FOLK: THE VILLAGE SCENE features rare and stunning performances by Bob Dylan, Simon & Garfunkel, Peter,
Paul & Mary, Joan Baez, Judy Collins, Richie Havens, The Lovin' Spoonful, The Mamas and the Papas, Don McLean, Neil Diamond, and
others singing their best loved songs and more.
Directed and produced by four-time Emmy Award winner Jim Brown, LEGENDS OF FOLK: THE VILLAGE SCENE airs Tuesday,
August 9 at 7:00 p.m. on WTVP 47.1. The program will encore Saturday, August 13 at 10:30 p.m.
Capturing not only the magic of the music but its inextricable link to the downtown New York Village locale,
LEGENDS OF FOLK: THE VILLAGE SCENE features newly filmed interviews with Peter Yarrow, Tom Paxton, Michelle Phillips,
Don McLean, John Sebastian, Maria Muldaur and John Cohen.
Featured artists and songs in LEGENDS OF FOLK include
LEGENDS OF FOLK: THE VILLAGE SCENE is produced and directed by Jim Brown, who created some of the most
popular and critically acclaimed programs on American music in the last three decades, including Pete Seeger: The Power of Song,
Peter Paul & Mary: Carry It On, The Weavers: Wasn't That a Time!, A Vision Shared: A Tribute to Woody Guthrie and Leadbelly,
We Shall Overcome and the series, American Roots Music.
For further information contact Linda Miller, WTVP Vice President of
at (309) 495-0591 or firstname.lastname@example.com
[Back to WTVP Headlines]]
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WTVP 47 · 101 State Street, Peoria, Illinois 61602-1547 (309)677-4747WTVP & WTVP.org, Public Media for Central Illinois© 1995-2017 Illinois Valley Public Telecommunications Corporation


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Welcome to Precise Heating, A/C, Plumbing and Refrigeration
At Precise, we pride ourselves in offering reliable technical as well as customer services in the plumbing, heating and air conditioning fields. Whether you call it a heater or a furnace, an A/C or an air conditioner, we are always there to work hard and meet your expectations.
Call our Service department 24 hours a day or 7 days a week. We will be there you whenever you need us!
Tips & Updates
This is the perfect time to get your duct cleaning out of the way and prepare your system to circulate clean air through out your home. Give us a call at 320-363-7401.
» Readmore
After Hours and 24 Hour Emergency Services, call us at 320-363-7401
For all your heating, plumbing, air conditioning or air quality checking services in the greater St. Cloud area, (Sartell, Sauk Rapids, Waite Park, St. Joseph, St. Stephen, Rice, Foley, Avon, Cold Spring, and Richmond), the greater Central MN area or the Mpls/St. Paul area, please call us.


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Quick Searches
The links below will run a Quick Search of all projects in the Conservation Registry based upon pre-defined search criteria. Each search contains rules or conditions that are presented in detail at the top of the Search Results page. If you'd like to conduct a more refined search or narrow your search to a specific geographic area, use the Advanced Search feature.
Action Categories
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- Species conservation and management
Enhanced conservation status
- Stewardship certification
- Conservation/mitigation banks
- Natural area designation and zoning
- Conservation plans and agreements
- Private property transactions


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what you need to do is :
find a game with a 4.3 or higher update
make sure that the modchip is set to autoboot. You may have to connect to a diffrent wii to configure.
or if you cant find a game with 4.3 i think you can use universal brick fixer disc.


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I've already subscribed
Fans have known HBO has had plans for new episodes of Girls and Enlightened in the works for a while. However, the wait is never fun, and its great to put some concrete dates on the schedule for both show's second season premieres. Season 2 of Enlightened and Season 2 of Girls will both begin airing on Sunday, January 13.
According to TV Line, both programs will produce 10 brand new episodes, but since Girls will kick off the night at 9 p.m. ET, we'll start there. A slew of guest stars have already been added to the Emmy-nominated show for Season 2, including Rita Wilson and Colin Quinn. With guest stints, as well as Lena Dunham and her gal pals ending Season 1 with plenty of stories left unfinished, Season 2 is shaping up to be even wackier.
Enlightened will follow Girls on Sundays in January, and will begin airing at 9:30 p.m. ET. While I always wish Amy Jellicoe's show's episodes were a little longer, they should prove to be a good foil for Girls, which follows women in their twenties. I'm also hoping that a Sunday audiences (instead of last year's Monday timeslot) will bring more attention to Enlightened, which stars Laura Dern as an executive piecing her life together after a mental breakdown.
If you'd like to get caught up on either series before the upcoming episodes air, Girls: The Complete First Season will hit Blu-ray on December 11, and Enlightened will follow on January 8.
Subscribe To Topics You're Interested In


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New Chemical Analysis Tools for Aromatic HydrocarbonsEPA Grant Number: R829415E02
Title: New Chemical Analysis Tools for Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Investigators: Campiglia, Andres D. , Borgerding, Anthony J. , Swenson, Orven F.
Institution: North Dakota State University Main Campus , University of North Dakota
EPA Project Officer: Hunt, Sherri
Project Period: September 1, 2001 through August 31, 2003 (Extended to February 28, 2005)
Project Amount: $499,105
RFA: EPSCoR (Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research) (2000) RFA Text | Recipients Lists
Research Category: EPSCoR (The Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research)
Objective:Our SEER project, entitled "New Chemical Analysis Tools for Aromatic Hydrocarbons," is a focused, multidisciplinary, multi-institutional approach to developing new analysis methodology for an important class of organic contaminants: the aromatic hydrocarbons. Specifically, the research proposed in the SEER section will lead to vastly improved methodology for the selective chemical analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and the xylenes), and the halogenated benzene compounds.
Approach:The methodology for PAH analysis is especially important because recent toxicological studies have shown that many carcinogenic PAHs present in the environment are not included in the EPA priority pollutant list, and these PAHs' carcinogenic properties are strongly dependent on molecular structure, significantly differing from isomer to isomer. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to identify individual PAHs in the presence of isomers and congeners, even if present at lower concentrations than sample concomitants. The current analytical methodology is not suited for this task. We shall overcome this limitation with a technique we have developed and named Laser Excited Time-Resolved Shpol'skii Spectrometry (LETRSS). The BTEX species, which are volatile organic compounds (VOCs), will be approached via fast gas chromatography.
Expected Results:Novel technical components of our approach are: an extremely efficient manner to extract the VOCs from water and a new type of GC detector with a highly specific response to aromatic hydrocarbons (the aromatic specific laser ionization detector, or ArSLID). The GC detector can also be applied to PAH analysis.
Publications and Presentations:Publications have been submitted on this project: View all 6 publications for this project
Journal Articles:Journal Articles have been submitted on this project: View all 6 journal articles for this project
Supplemental Keywords:RFA, Scientific Discipline, Geographic Area, Ecosystem Protection/Environmental Exposure & Risk, Ecology, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem/Assessment/Indicators, Ecosystem Protection, State, Ecology and Ecosystems, Environmental Engineering, Ecological Indicators, monitoring, ecoindicator, ecological exposure, hydrocarbon, VOCs, BTEX, PAH, estuarine ecoindicator, North Dakota (ND)
Progress and Final Reports:2003 Progress Report
Final Report


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The "So Gone Challenge" Takes Over The InternetMove over "Running Man Challenge," the " So Gone Challenge" is the internet's newest obsession just in time for "Throwback Thursday!"
Brandy and Monica Get Emotional For Secret Show
Monica And Shannon Brown Celebrate One Year Anniversary
Is Monicas Husband Cheating?
Monica & Shannon Brown Say 'I Do' Again In Wedding Ceremony [VIDEO]
Top 10 Slow Jams to Get Your Lover Back When You Mess Up!
Keyshia Cole Let's Some Info Slip On 106th And Park
The Top 10 Songs On Urban Radio In 2010
Monica Says Peace To Twitter!
Trey Songz Live 'In The Den' With Big Tigger
VEVO Video Premiere: Monica "Love All Over Me"
VEVO Premiere: Monica Hometown Tour


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June 11, 2013
At the intersection of Cascade Avenue and 20th Street, three cars were involved in an accident June 11 when Samuel Nakamura, driver of a 1990 Toyota Corolla, attempted a left-hand turn from the eastbound lane of Cascade onto 20th Street, near the Subway deli. Emergency responders assisted two of Nakamura's passengers who were injured when another vehicle struck his vehicle's side as it traveled westbound on Cascade. A third vehicle, waiting at the adjacent stop sign, received minor damage.
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Grotesque Tactics - Coming Soon
Remember Grotesque, the humorous RPG-in-development by Silent Dreams? You may recall they switched over to a turn-based tactics RPG called Grotesque Tactics to generate some income to feed back to the "main" game. Silent Dreams sent us this PR, announcing Grotesque Tactics is only a few weeks away:
More information.
This sounds like it could be a lot of fun. I'll be keeping my eye on this one.
I don't speak german, so…
the drawings on mainpage looks very amateurish
Time'll tell, but I can hope. It'll be interesting, in any case, to see how they fare about the comedy/parody aspect versus Rampant Games upcoming Frayed Knights.
I don't know anything about this one other than what you guys do, but I wouldn't mind trying out the demo. I love playing a game with loads of comedy thrown in (if it is funny). The last really good one I played was the Quest for Glory series. Bard's Tale was great for the comedy as well. Not so much for the gameplay portion, but I loved the whole "chosen theme songs" those little gremlin like things sang.
Downloadable only ?
I would expect so. After all, they've struggled for years to get publishers interested in Grotesque and now they'd want to make some simple money.
Absolutely despise the look of the game, but PCs could use some more tactics action and the design sounds charming. Could be a sleeper of awesomesauce.
Arrrgh, my eyes hurt. I really hope bloom can be turned off.
Hmm, this needs to be pretty damn good to get me past the art style obstacle :)
The screens remind me of King's Bounty The Legend.
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- Description
DetailsMozzarella is fresh unripened Mozzarella is made daily with carefully selected cow's milk. Our mozzarella is made with salt giving it that perfect flavor you find when eating it as an appetizer or accompaniment to a meal. Our mozzarella is freshly prepared on a per order basis, so an additional 2-3 days is needed for this product to be prepared and shipped. Requires overnight shipping. Last day to place order for the week is Wednesday at Noon.
- Additional Information
Product Information
Ingredients mozzarella curd, sea salt. Preparation Use fresh mozzarella for pizza and several pasta dishes, or serve it as a Neapolitan with fried eggplant slices, sliced tomatoes and basil, or in insalata caprese. Storage Keep refrigerated and use within 3-4 days of opening. Appearance Milky white mozarella with a smooth texture.


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Yamaha VMAX 1700 Review
New Yamaha VMAX 1700 is loaded with innovative engine technologies. The unique appearance of this bike is especially appealing for those people who are style conscious.
Yamaha VMAX 1700 engine, mileage and performance
It is equipped with gigantic 1679cc, liquid cooled, 4 strokes, DOHC, EFI, 65 degree V4 engine. YCC-I intake technology and YCC-T fly-by-wire throttle, loaded in this bike jointly and ensure outstanding acceleration under any gear and speed. Maximum power delivered by this bike is 147.2 kW (200 PS) @ 9,000 rpm and maximum torque is 166.8 Nm (17.0 kg-m) @ 6,500 rpm. This bike takes only 2.70 seconds to mark 0-100 km/h.
Yamaha VMAX 1700 appearance, colors and designs
New Yamaha VMAX 1700 is available in the market in only one color and that is black. The body color is painted on whole bike except air intakers, silencer and at petal disc brakes. The headlamp of this stunning bike is in bright white color. This bike is designed for those who are passionate about luxury in bikes and are style conscious.
Yamaha VMAX 1700 features and safety
The strong tyres of this super bike are from Bridgestone. The huge bike comes equipped with five spokes black alloy wheels. The tubeless tyres of bike ensure carefree riding. Seating arrangement of this bike is meant for two people that are rider and passenger.
Yamaha VMAX 1700 handling and control
The company loaded it with Yamaha Chip Controlled Intake (YCC-I) switches that helps to deliver excellent performance at any rpm of engine. A fly-by-wire system is also incorporated in it that is known as Yamaha Chip Controlled Throttle (YCC-T). It ensures uninterrupted and clean throttle response.
Yamaha VMAX 1700 problems
The drawbacks of this super bike are that driver seat is not comfortable and tank-mounted LCD console of bike is hard to see when driving.
New Yamaha VMAX 1700 price in India is Rs.2, 000,000
Yamaha VMAX 1700 specs, features, specifications
- Engine Type 4-stroke, DOHC, 4-valve, V-type 4-cylinder
- Displacement 1679cc
- Compression Ratio 11.3:1
- Maximum Power 147.2 kW (200 PS) @ 9,000 rpm
- Maximum Torque 166.8 Nm (17.0 kg-m) @ 6,500 rpm
- Cylinder Bore 90.0
- Stoke 66.0
- Ignition TCI
- Starting SELF
- Wheel Base 1700 mm
- Tyre Size Front 120/70 R18M/C (59V), Rear 200/50 R18M/C (76V)
- Wheel Type ALLOY
New Yamaha VMAX 1700 wallpapers


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Eleven, Twelve… Dig and Delve: A heart-stopping thriller (Rebekka
Today's Free Kindle eBook: Eleven, Twelve… Dig and Delve: A heart-stopping thriller (Rebekka Franck Book 6)
This top-rated mystery-thriller is on sale for a limited time to introduce you to the wildly popular Rebecca Franck Series from bestselling author Willow Rose. We hope you enjoy! It's the stuff of a living nightmare… Everybody hates Mondays. This Monday is particularly bad for the residents on Blegevej in the Northern part of Denmark. Just before eight o'clock Monday morning, the entire neighborhood sinks into the ground in a matter of seconds when a giant sinkhole opens up underneath it. Rebekka Franck is visiting a dear friend when she is swallowed up by the hole and ends up trapped inside a limestone mine. Together with the surviving residents from the neighborhood, she tries to get by underground while waiting to be rescued. When the body of one of the survivors turns up inside the mines, they suddenly know that not only do they face starvation and thirst, they also have a killer among them. – It's laced with claustrophobic tension and characters that make your skin crawl.Eleven, Twelve…Dig and Delve is another bone-chilling Mystery in Willow Rose's Amazon bestselling series about the Danish reporter Rebekka Franck. Followed by Thirteen, fourteen … Little boy unseen.Scroll up and grab a copy today.
Just follow this link to get the freebie:


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WASHINGTON -- Major League Baseball might be convinced that
its new, get-tough policy is enough to rid the sport of steroids.
Congress, apparently, is not.
Less than two months after baseball and its players hailed the
banned-substances plan -- and just a week after testing began at
spring training -- a House committee called in a handful of the
sport's biggest stars to explain themselves, including Mark McGwire
and Sammy Sosa.
Baseball balked at the subpoenas issued Wednesday for a total of
seven players to testify at the March 17 hearing of the House
Government Reform Committee and vowed to take the fight to court,
if necessary. The committee also demanded a variety of documents
and records of baseball's drug tests.
Stanley Brand, a lawyer for the baseball commissioner's office,
said the committee had no jurisdiction, was trying to violate
baseball's first amendment privacy rights, and was attempting to
"satisfy their prurient interest into who may and may not have
engaged in this activity."
Reacting to Brand's comments, committee spokesman David Marin
said: "Mr. Brand has his facts wrong. He failed to recognize that
House rules give this committee the authority to investigate any
matter at any time, and we are authorized to request or compel
testimony and document production related to any investigation.
It's a shame that Major League Baseball has resorted to hiding
behind 'legalese' -- and inaccurate 'legalese' at that."
Another congressional hearing on steroids was scheduled for
Thursday before a House Energy and Commerce subcommittee, though no
players were called to testify there.
The other players subpoenaed to appear next week were Jose
Canseco -- who recently published a book outlining allegations of
steroid use by McGwire and others -- Jason Giambi, Curt Schilling,
Rafael Palmeiro and Frank Thomas. Also called were players'
association head Donald Fehr, baseball executive vice presidents
Rob Manfred and Sandy Alderson, and San Diego Padres general
manager Kevin Towers.
Canseco, Fehr and Manfred have agreed to testify, with Manfred
appearing on behalf of commissioner Bud Selig. Before the subpoenas
were issued, Brand told the committee the other players were
declining invitations to appear.
It wasn't immediately clear whether the hearing will take place
as scheduled.
Under pressure from Congress and under the shadow of a grand
jury investigation into an alleged steroid-distribution ring, Major
League Baseball and its players' association agreed in January to a
tougher steroid-testing program. The agreement will suspend
first-time offenders for 10 days and randomly test players
Ownership and the union patted themselves on the back when the
deal was struck, with Fehr saying at the time: "I will be
surprised if over time this doesn't take care of the problem
virtually completely."
Even Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., who had threatened baseball with
legislation if it didn't strengthen its drug policy, sounded
satisfied back in January. "It appears to be a significant
breakthrough," he said.
On Saturday, Selig announced that the number of positive tests
for steroids in baseball dropped to between 1 percent to 2 percent
last season.
"I am very confident that we will effectively rid our sport of
steroids in this coming season," he said.
But committee chairman Rep. Tom Davis of Virginia and ranking
Democrat Rep. Henry Waxman of California said in a statement
Wednesday that "we need to better understand the steps MLB is
taking to get a handle on the steroid issue, and whether news of
those steps -- and the public health danger posed by steroid use --
is reaching America's youth."
On Thursday, the House Commerce, Trade and Consumer Protection
subcommittee was to hear from representatives of Major League
Baseball, the NFL, the NCAA and the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency.
"We're trying to get to the bottom of the steroid problem,"
said committee chairman Rep. Cliff Stearns of Florida. "Are they
being used in high school? Are they being used in college? Are they
being used in professional sports? And what are we doing do stop
this, because it is a felony? What is the baseball commissioner


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Customer Reviews
I was nervous ordering this skirt, as I wasn't confident of the sizing or the quality but decided to take a chance - and I am so glad I did! The skirt has exceeded my expectations. It is very well made and design and material are also of a high quality.
Size wise, it fits perfectly, so I can confidently say it is true to size. I will definitely be ordering another skirt from Chicwish.
January 17, 2017
If you are looking for a classy and sophisticated look, this skirt fits you! I love the length, very modest, and it looks wonderful with heels. I paired it with a white top and wore it to church and to fancy work functions. I got lots of compliments and you will stand out in this piece. It feels wonderful on, and the material is silky which is a nice touch to the underneath piece/mesh that makes it a little poofy, but not too puffy!October 1, 2015
It's definitely worth the purchase! The material as well as the print are very pretty. I'm 5 "2.5" and i bought XS petite and it fits just right.July 20, 2015
The fabric is very silky and comes fully lined. The white color is a bit more iridescent than it appears in the photos. The photos show it as more of a cotton-y pure white color, but the silkiness of the polyester gives it a bit more of a shine.
I am 5'3" and 110 lbs. I ordered an XS petite. It sits exactly at my natural waist, which is 27". The size small may have fit my waist a little better, but I ordered XS so that I could get the petite length. At 25" long, this dress hovers just below my kneecap, making it the perfect length for a midi skirt!
Shorter girls who are larger than an XS may find this fitting more like a "tea length" skirt.June 6, 2015
unique styleMay 31, 2015


text: Just got my Wii today in the UK (thanks to a tiny Blockbuster store in Peterlee). I've pre-ordered the official Nintendo S-Video cable from play-asia.com but it's still not even been shipped yet What options have I got please anyone? I have no choice with the connection as I have one S-Video embedded through the wall to my plasma tv and a multi-svideo input box routing everything I've got through to this one s-video to my plasma e.g. playstation2, sky+ box, dvd player etc... Am I likely to get a conversion lead easy enough from the likes of Maplin that will convert the yellow (video) composite cable to an s-video to go into my mutli s-video box to my plasma? Thanks all Fedorov.


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Don't miss out on a lower price on this hotel
Get an overview of this hotel3-star Belem hotel in Batista Campos, walk to Nossa Senhora da Paz Theater
Popular property highlights
Located in Batista Campos, this hotel is within a 10-minute walk of Praca Batista Campos and Nossa Senhora da Paz Theater. Se Cathedral and Basilica of Our Lady of Nazareth are also within 1 mi (2 km).
Hotel Features
A restaurant, a bar/lounge, and 24-hour room service are available at this hotel. Free WiFi in public areas and free self parking are also provided. Other amenities include a meeting room, a 24-hour front desk, and free newspapers.
Room Amenities
All 90 rooms offer free WiFi, 24-hour room service, and TVs with cable channels. Guests will also find minibars, safes, and showers.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Opens in a new window
Tulip Inn Belem Batista Campos
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
The hotel offers a restaurant. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Public areas are equipped with complimentary wireless Internet access. This business-friendly hotel also offers complimentary newspapers in the lobby and 24-hour room service. Onsite self parking is complimentary.
- Bar/lounge
- Restaurant
- Total number of rooms - 90
- One meeting room
- Free self parking
- Number of floors - 9
- Free WiFi
- 24-hour front desk
- Free newspapers in lobby
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Pay movies
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Air conditioning
- Phone
- Minibar
- Private bathroom
- Shower only
- In-room safe
- Desk
- Television
- Cable TV service
- Free WiFi
- Room service (24 hours)
Where to Eat
Treviso - This restaurant specializes in international cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
24-hour room service is available.
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 2 PM
Check-in time ends at 11 PM
Check-out time is 11 AM
Payment types
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
- Rollaway/extra beds are not available.
- Cribs (infant beds) are not available.
- Pets not allowed (service animals welcome)
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy.
- Tourism fee: BRL 2.50 per accommodation, per night
Hotel Name
- Tulip Inn Batista Campos
- Tulip Inn Batista Campos Belem
- Tulip Inn Batista Campos Hotel
- Tulip Inn Batista Campos Hotel Belem
- Tulip Inn Batista Campos Belem, Brazil
- Tulip Inn Belem Batista Campos Hotel
- Tulip Inn Batista Campos Belem Brazil
We should mention
Parents or a legal guardian traveling with children under 18 years must present the child's birth certificate and an identity card with photo (passport, for example) at the check-in. For international travels from Brazil, if just one of the parents is traveling with the child, she/he must present – in addition to the child's certificate of birth and identity card with photo – a letter authorizing the trip signed by the other parent with a notarial certification of signature. In case the parents or the legal guardian, as applicable, cannot or are unwilling to give this authorization, a judicial authorization is required. People who intend to travel to Brazil with children must consult with the Brazilian consulate before traveling for more information.


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On a recent trip to London, Mrs. Webhund became addicted to the wonderful hot punch made with 3 parts apple cider to 1 part "Pimm's Winter" (which is also called "Pimm's No. 3). My googling has discovered that, unlike Pimm's No. 1, which is a gin-based liquor, Pimm's No. 3 is a brandy-based drink with cinnamon, orange, and caramel.
Alas, Pimm's No. 3 is not exported to "the Colonies," so I'm going to have to come up with my own substitute. The orange and cinnamon I can handle, but the caramel has got me stumped.
Any suggestions for a Pimm's No. 3 substitute recipe?


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You have the option to use a Spectrum Internet modem or buy your own. The comparison chart below can help you decide which is better for you.
Know Your Internet Plan
In order to choose a compatible modem, you need to know your Internet plan name or the speed it can accommodate.
You can find the name of your plan on your bill, under Summary. View a Sample Bill
Choose the Right Modem
All modems on this page support IPv6, unless otherwise noted, and are compatible with our Internet service. You will experience the best performance if you select a modem that is recommended to support the speed of your Internet plan. Modems supporting a higher speed than your subscribed speed will also work.* Note: DOCSIS 1.0/1.X modems are no longer supported on our network. To get a replacement modem, contact us or visit a local store location. You will be asked to either recycle your DOCSIS 1.0/1.X modem or return it to a local store location. Customers who receive a new modem via an Easy Connect Kit, will receive in their package a mail return label, which can be used to return the DOCSIS 1.0/1.X modem.
Modem information updated as of October 2017.
*Manufacturer's stated maximum speed is based on technical capability under optimal testing conditions and is higher than actual usable speed, which is impacted by network traffic, an individual's speed plan and other variables. The appropriate recommended modem is required for the best possible experience of our speed plans. Actual speeds may vary.
Prepare for the Future
We are committed to providing the best Internet experience possible. We are constantly making improvements to our network and infrastructure that enable us to deliver enhanced products and services with even greater reliability and speed. When choosing a modem for purchase, we recommend that you select a modem that's optimized for the present and the future, in the event that we upgrade your current speed plan or you later choose to subscribe to a higher speed plan.
What Can I Do Next?
Shop Plans
Make sure you have the best plan for your needs, whether you're adding Internet service or want to upgrade.
Purchase Your Modem
Spectrum does not sell Internet modems. You can purchase a new modem from an online retailer or at your local retail store.
Activate Your Modem
After you have purchased and connected your modem, you'll need to activate it.