text:
The Department of Health and Human Services is unconstitutional. It's nothing more than a trillion dollar a year rape of the American people's labor to fund more welfare and programs that financially support sin and the death culture.
Last week, under the administration of the impostor president squatting in the White House, a new regulation was announced which would "require virtually all employers to offer insurance coverage of sterilization, abortifacients and contraceptives without deductibles or co-pays in their employee plans by Aug. 1. Churches are exempt, but not religiously inspired hospitals, schools and other charities that hire outside their faith tradition."
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Exempt: houses of worship and their employees, as well as other institutions whose primary purpose is to promote religious belief. Where this unconstitutional "order" will hit hard are religious-affiliated hospitals, colleges and social service agencies.
DHS is headed up by yet another female who oozes evil: Kathleen Sebelius. She joins the ranks of Hillary Clinton, Condelezza Rice, Janet Butch Reno and Jan 'the man' Napolitano. Sebelius never misses an opportunity to advocate and fund the killing of unborn babies, which is why Obama/Soetoro selected her for that position. Of course, the U.S. Senate confirmed her appointment including phony conservatives like former Sen. Sam Brownback. What a hypocrite. Here is the roll call vote back in 2009. Sebelius claims to be Catholic. She is not. She should be denied entrance to any Catholic church because you cannot support killing unborn babies and claim to be Catholic.
TRENDING: Magazine Calls For Trump Haters To Ruin Thanksgiving for Trump Supporting Family Members
But then again, 54% of Catholics allegedly voted for the other champion of killing babies: Obama/Soetoro in 2008. They slapped God right in the face for false promises of "hope and change". Tell that to the millions of dead babies dumped into medical containers since the usurper was "elected."Catholics also spit in God's face for Hillary Clinton: "In the 2008 Democratic nominating contest, Catholics have emerged as key members of Hillary Clinton's base. Of the 23 primaries for which adequate data exist, Hillary Clinton did better among white Catholics than among white Protestants in 16. The results in Pennsylvania's primary on April 22 were startling: she won 63 percent of the overall white vote–72 percent of the white Catholic vote compared to only 59 percent of the white Protestant vote." Clinton is pro baby killing and is quite vocal in her support of sexual deviants (sodomites and lesibans), yet "Catholics" in droves voted for her in the 2008 primaries. How shameful.
Archbishop Timothy Dolan, said: 'You bet we got a disagreement. 'The government doesn't have the right to butt into the internal governance and teachings of the church. It's not about contraception. It's about the right of conscience. This is not a Catholic issue, it's an American issue,' he added. 'We're strong on this issue of conscience, and that's what's at stake here." Already, Bishop Robert Lynch of St. Petersburg, Florida, has said he will drop coverage for dioceasan workers rather than comply. Agree or disagree with the Catholic faith, but their Catholic Relief Services and Catholic Charities not only do a wonderful job, they also employ 70,000 people.
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Of course, Archbishop is absolutely right: the General Government aka the Federal Government has no constitutional authority. All employers in this country as well as religious organizations should tell Sebilious they will refuse to obey her order. It doesn't matter the serial vacationer in chief has "given" a one year extension on enforcement, it's unconstitutional – just like "Obamacare".
Linder v. United States, 268 U.S. 5, 18, 45 S. Ct. 446 (1925): "Obviously, direct control of medical practice in the states is beyond the power of the federal government."
Lambert v. Yellowly, 272 U.S. 581, 598, 47 S.Ct. 210 (1926): "It is important also to bear in mind that 'direct control of medical practice in the States is beyond the power of the Federal Government.' Linder v. United States, 268 U.S. 5, 18. Congress, therefore, cannot directly restrict the professional judgment of the physician or interfere with its free exercise in the treatment of disease. Whatever power exists in that respect belongs to the states exclusively."
Linder v. United States, 268 U.S. 5, 18, 45 S.Ct. 446 (1925): "Obviously, direct control of medical practice in the states is beyond the power of the federal government".
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Conant v. Walters, 309 F.3d 629, 639 (9th Cir. 2002) (quoting Linder).
United States v. Anthony et al., 15 F. Supp. 553 (S.D.Cal. 1936) (June 23 1936)
Nos. 12069-12072. United States District Court, S.D. California, Central Division
"I am referring to these facts in order to indicate that we must bear in mind the purpose of the act — that the act is a borderline statute which must be interpreted in such a manner as to bring it within the constitutional power. And if we depart from it and interpret it either as attempting to regulate the disposition and sale of narcotics or attempting the regulation of medicine, we extend the act to the realm which the Supreme Court has repeatedly said the federal government cannot enter, under the penalty of unconstitutionality.
"The Linder Case (Linder v. United States [1925] 268 U.S. 5, 45 S.Ct. 446, 449, 69 L.Ed. 819, 39 A.L.R. 229) is very important. We all seem to agree, whether we read it alike or not, that it determines this case, so far as the law is concerned. I wish to refer to it for the present only for the purpose of pointing out that the moment we assume that this act regulates the sale within the state of narcotics and that it aims to regulate the practice of medicine, we must hold it unconstitutional.
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"In the Linder Case, Mr. Justice McReynolds, speaking for the court, made this observation: "Obviously, direct control of medical practice in the states is beyond the power of the federal government."
DHS, although an unconstitutional cabinet is a "part of the U.S. government." Sebelius' "order" is in direct violation of the U.S. Constitution in that it attempts to force the practice of medcine on private companies as well as religious affiliated hospitals, colleges and social service agencies – even if it goes against their moral conscience. The Republicans controlled Congress for years under a Republican president (Bush, Jr.). More than ample time to live up to their worn out campaign slogan: "we want smaller government" by abolishing unconstitutional cabinets and agencies. They did nothing and here we are with yet another legal war.
Will there be lawsuits? No doubt, but why should any employer or religious affilated organization have to spend their precious cash flow on more lawyers to fight such evil coming out of Washington, DC? Why? Because the people of this country continue to elect immoral, corrupt, power hungry individuals who believe the General Government must be completely totalitarian and the states nothing more than doormats to wipe their feet on. The Catholic Church should tell Sebelius they will not obey because the only one they serve is God.
1- Kathleen Sebelius Destroyed Evidence to Protect Planned Parenthood in a Child Rape Case
2- Limits of Congressional Power
Outright stealing the fruits of your labor for this – with the interest slapped on our backs since it's all borrowed "money" while the Republican controlled House does nothing:
1- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
$1.8 Mil To Treat STDs In Guatemala
2- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Another $845 Mil For Fraud-Infested Welfare Program
© 2012 – NewsWithViews.com – All Rights Reserved
The views expressed in this opinion article are solely those of their author and are not necessarily either shared or endorsed by the owners of this website.


text:
DJ Khaled ft. Young Jeezy, Rick Ross & Plies - Put Your Hands Up
Judging by Booth feedback, DJ Khaled's last single couldn't have been more aptly named; many were indeed Fed Up with the We the Best head honcho's constant yelling and formulaic ensemble cuts. Unsurprisingly, on new street single Put Your Hands Up, Khaled hasn't changed a thing – on the contrary, he's called up three of the hoarsest, gruffest Southerners in the game to craft a track that will have fans' trunks banging as critics' throats tingle with sympathetic pain (cough drop, anyone?). Over Schife's bombastic synth-string boardwork, frequent Khaled collaborators
Jeezy, Plies and (the comparatively smooth) Rick Ross deliver hard-stunting, trash-talking verses sure to have street soldiers and "bad b*tches" alike pointing to the sky. Will Hands Up live up to Khaled's expectations and become "the biggest street anthem in the hood?" It seems very probable, but I'll let Booth readers speculate. Victory is set to drop March 3; in the meantime, fans can look forward to the release of the project's next radio single, All We Do Is Win.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
"A man living with the borrowed minds of others will always have heart for many things missing in his life and a life having given hallowed heart to many minds will always be living with no other things missing of a human."
Related quotes
"I've learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel."
"Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the the universe."
"The world is a dangerous place. Not because of the people who are evil; but because of the people who don't do anything about it."
"People are like dirt. They can either nourish you and help you grow as a person or they can stunt your growth and make you wilt and die."
"Throughout life people will make you mad, disrespect you and treat you bad. Let God deal with the things they do, cause hate in your heart will consume you too."


text:
...to boldly go where no-one has gone before!
And that is exactly where Star Trek: Beyond went. The third installment in the Star Trek reboot is an absolute delight. The story line is extremely engaging and reminiscent of the stories from The Original Series. It has a very adventurous feel as the bridge crew spends most of the movie on the new terrain of an unknown planet. As they explore, they must find a way to rescue the rest of their crew members from a bitter antagonist who does not share the same values as they. All the while encouraging another, the alien Jaylah, to embrace her goodness and courage to assist them.
It was rather pleasant to have a crew already working well together as a team. We went through their bonding moments in the previous films, and Beyond was full of a loving and trusting main crew who knew each would sacrifice himself or herself for one another. Additionally, the respect in which they treat the other beings they encounter, such as Jaylah, display their good hearts. These fantastic relationships make it so very easy to root for the team. Plus Jaylah, too, proved worthy of the prominent role she was given within the story.
The acting, as expected, was very well done. Everything was believable and the actors flowed along as the tones shifted from serious to comedic. Yes, the lovable banter between Spock and Bones is ever present in Beyond. Luckily for us, the two spent a lot of time together onscreen in this film, bringing out many chuckles and laughs. And as the characters presented some of their individual inner struggles, their resulting character development was an additional treat. The movie itself did a great job of capturing how experiences affect and change a person, for better or for worse, but it did not beat moral lessons to death, as they were strategically placed within the story.
The CGI in this movie is absolutely beautiful. There is so much creativity required in the art of making scenes in space, for unexplored areas and with technology we do not have, and this movie did not disappoint. Coupled with an appropriate soundtrack, the scenes literally come to life, some of which were absolutely breathtaking. I cannot stop thinking about how exquisitely the ships and the Federation base were created. There was a very obvious amount of effort put into the production of Beyond to make it visually spectacular.
There were quite a few nods to The Original Series, which was a pleasant surprise. At the beginning of the movie, Kirk is beamed out of an attack in which his uniform is ripped. He comments, "I ripped my shirt again." This is a jestful jab directed at The Original Series, as William Shatner's Kirk had a habit of ripping his shirt at the slightest touch. Punched in the face? Shirt is torn wide open. There are others, but I'll let you catch them for yourself.
With an engaging plot, a cast of talented actors, characters to root for, and amazing visuals, Star Trek: Beyond is a spectacular crowd-pleasing cinematic experience!


text:
Tunisian vocalist Mounir Troudi offers just one element to this electrifying that circumvents the inevitable comparisons to a post-Miles Davis jazz-fusion based endeavor. Of course the kindred spirits are evident, but French trumpeter Erik Truffaz' brand of jazz is a stylistic one at that. He incorporates dark ambient modal structures into exotically rendered theme pieces along with hard-rock, and electronics-tinged space grooves. And Truffaz is an adroit technician and colorist, which is a component that provides a multifaceted layer to this intriguing program.
The quintet renders a futuristic dub motif, featuring Swiss rapper Nya on the piece titled "Big Wheel," but many of these works are designed with warm flows, crunching guitar licks, and sonorous proclamations. More importantly, the trumpeter's compositions generate staying power, partly due to his intricately devised parts, regardless of intensity. Troudi's soul-stirring vocals generate a North African vibe atop the jazz-rock musings, while Truffaz and guitarist Manu Codjia work as a tightly integrated team, along with the ace rhythm section. Featuring samples and rapidly paced percussion grooves on "Tantrik," thoughts of the Sci-Fi movie Blade Runner, come to mind. But Truffaz tones it down a tad during the delicate acoustic-electric piece titled "Le Soleil d' Eline." (Heartily recommended.... )


text:
Computer Independent 4-Channel, 8 Source Premium Digital Mixer
Product Code 63223
Retail Price
Sale Price!
Buy Today and Save $350.99 (37% from Retail)
We're sorry, this product is no longer available.
Denon DJ, a leading manufacturer of premium-grade DJ equipment, introduces the DN-MC6000 Mixer and MIDI Controller, a four-channel/eight-source standalone digital DJ mixer with MIDI interface and internal sound card. With an astounding amount of features, real-time channel matrix operation, slim tabletop design, state-of-the-art solid steel chassis construction and quality sound, the DN-MC6000 is one of Denon DJ's flagship controllers. Also acting as an audio interface (with a 2 in/2out stereo soundcard included), the DN-MC6000, when paired with the user's software of choice, is a turnkey control solution for mobile DJs and party DJs, and a clear centerpiece to any DJ rig.
It comes bundled with Virtual DJ LE, Audio/Video/Karaoke mixing software in North/South America and Canada, and Native Instruments® TRAKTOR™ LE for Europe and Asia. The DN-MC6000 is MIDI-mapable and compatible with other popular DJ programs. The unit interfaces seamlessly with Mac® OSX and Windows XP, Vista and Windows 7 operating systems. Unlike other comparable products, the DN-MC6000 includes a selectable Video/Audio control cross fader feature. Each side of the unit can control up to two decks (for a total of four), with visible deck color change for intuitive, straightforward operation. Also notable is the fact that the DN-MC6000 is a real mixer, able to process audio inputs for external devices without a connection to a computer, as a dedicated mixer unit would.
Key features include rack-mountability (with included 19" rackmount accessory kit), a number of on-board MIDI effect controls, durable construction, intuitive layout, dual jog wheels, pitch fader, channel fader, cross fader and much more. The unit's Pitch/Fader/Volume lock function holds the last known Audio value and position until the NULL point is again reached. It is also easy for users to find where they are going, with the included File browse navigation keys and rotary encoder file selector knob with illuminated ring. Also featured are the unit's high-quality, high-output headphone amp, the independent 3-band Channel EQ with "Kills" (high-mid-low) and various Utility presets to customize user settings.
0 0
- Slim Tabletop design for various DJ applications and portability
- Includes 19" rackmount accessory kit for Mobile DJs
- Optimized for *Traktor and *Virtual DJ users
- Intuitive 4 deck software control, with visible deck color change
- Real-time Matrix Operation, Analog Sources, USB MIDI & USB Audio
- Included USB Audio Interface (Soundcard) 2in/2out (stereo)
- MAC OSX Windows XP/Vista/Win7 Compatible
- New, 3-way Powerful Audio/Video Assignable cross-fader
- Newly designed, high resolution 105mm Touch-Sensitive Jog Wheel
- Smooth 100mm long Pitch Slider with high 14-bit resolution
- Pitch/Fader/Volume Lock function - holds the last known Audio value and position until the NULL point is reached again
- File browse navigation keys & rotary encoder file selector knob w/illuminated ring
- 8 (4 + 4) Hot Cue/Sampler buttons w/dual bank selector key
- Auto Loop Button w/ Beat Jump (Loop Cut)
- Manual Loop In/Out buttons
- Large size Cue & PLAY buttons
- Various EFX control, EFX keys & Parameter knobs
- Various GUI control, Mixer, Video, Scratch, Sampler, REC
- Powerful Shift Key - used for various dual button operation
- Search Keys (<< >>) to advance around within the file
- Denon's legacy "Pitch Bend" keys
- Vinyl & Pitch Bend Jog modes
- SYNC key for beat matching between decks
- Key Lock on/off button with LED confirmation
- Matrix Input Assignment Selector Knob
- Selectable PFL input gain & program meters
- Independent CUE System (all channels)
- Split Cue function with Cue/Master pan knob
- High quality, high output Headphone Amp
- 45mm Channel & Cross Faders
- Independent Channel A-B Thru Switch (crossfader)
- Cross Fader contour adjustment
- Independent 3-Band Channel EQ w/Kills (High-Mid-Low)
- XLR Balanced & RCA Unbalanced Master Output
- Master Output Stereo/Mono switch
- Booth Output w/Source Selector & level control
- XLR & 1/4 TRS Mic Inputs
- Mic 3-Band EQ (High-Mid-Low) for Mic 1 & 2
- Mic Ducking & Built in Echo Effect for Mic 1 & 2
- Various Utility presets to customize user settings
- MIDI Mappable control surface (Faders, knobs and buttons) for other DJ applications
- Firmware upgradable over USB
- Solid Steel chassis construction
- Kensington lock terminal to prevent theft
- ECO standby mode (green, energy saving)
- AC adaptor powered
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text:
Legal Question in Real Estate Law in California
In California is a one year rental lease valid if the title owner of the
house did not sign it?
My father signed it for me, because I was not there, and I did not give him the power of attorney to sign for me nor is it in the lease.
Do it revert to a month to month tenancy because they are in the house now?
3 Answers from Attorneys
No, it is a valid lease. A court would most likely find that your father signed it as the ostensible agent of you. (Civ. Code, § 2300.)
I agree. Lots of leases are negotiated and signed by the agent of the owner, rather than the owner. Further, even if someone is not "officially" an agent of the owner, if they are "ostensibly" an agent, that suffices. If the lease causes you substantial hardship, you might try attacking the ostensible agency as not meeting the criteria set up in the Civil Code (section 2300). The outcome of such a lawsuit would depend upon facts and circumstances going well beyond what's given in your question. A power of attorney is unnecessary and would be unusual.
I agree with the above. On a more practical note if is is found invalid they may go after your dad for damages.


text:
Intel Corporation today introduced the dual-core Intel Pentium D processor-based platform for entry-level servers that includes two processor cores in one processor and the corresponding Intel E7230 chipset.
With highly competitive pricing, this platform is a great value for smaller businesses wishing to buy powerful entry-level servers. Intel's new platform includes many unique and innovate enterprise-class features such as PCI Express I/O, 64-bit addressability, DDR2 memory and software RAID.
Today's introduction follows already- introduced dual-core processors for Intel-based desktops and workstations and is the first in what will be an extensive family of Intel-based dual-core server products shipping later this year and in 2006.
The Intel E7230 chipset starts at $36 each based on quantities of 1,000 units. Pricing for the Intel Pentium D processor is available at www.intel.com/intel/finance/pricelist/


text:
Help us to be there for older people in Wales
Sign-up for our monthly e-newsletter called The loop / Y ddolen
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The Leeds Abbey Dash is the annual 10km road race in aid of Age UK held in the heart of Leeds.
With capacity for over 8,000 runners it has been voted as one of the top three road races in the UK by Runners World Magazine, and it raises an amazing £200,000 for Age UK.
Abbey, one of the UK's largest personal financial services companies, has been headline sponsor of the Leeds Abbey Dash for three years.
Corporate sponsors have an excellent opportunity to raise their brand profile through branding on the running numbers, promotional race literature, t-shirts, kilometre markers, trophies, and start and finish gantries, plus extensive PR coverage.
We also offer sponsorship packages for sports retailers to provide race materials and vouchers for the race winners, and their expertise and support enables us to offer runners a highly professional experience. In return this sports brand is able to market its range of running merchandise, helping it to increase its market share.
In previous years, the profile of the event has attracted sponsorship from Abbey, Leeds Building Society, BUPA, Reebok and Jet2 among others, and our ongoing relationship with the Yorkshire Evening Post means that all sponsor's involvement receives significant media coverage.
Contact our Corporate Partnerships Team at email@example.com or call 029 20 431555 for more information.
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text:
Zirbenweg Trail, Patscherkofel
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We were expecting warm weather and clear climbs.
We got a few feet of snow.
Global Warming?
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Patscherkofel (Mountain/Rock)
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text:
Book design by Mary Jane Callister/Louise Fili Ltd.
Typology by Steven Heller and Louise Fili has a nice cover, some letters though overlap the rectangles. Helpfully enough the book contains the original design which was a type specimen sheet by Bruce Rodgers of a Frederic Goudy 1924 type design.
The best way to design - steal.
Primary tabs
I think it would only qualify as stealing if they hadn't included the original. In fact, all of the books in their series have been versions of something from the interior.
You can't steal a concept. Only duplicate/copy/parody/etc it. ;o)
I think it qualifies as an homage. I wouldn't call that stealing, agree with Tiff on that.
Anyone who believes in original ideas slept through Joseph Campbell day in Social Anthropology 101.
Or one of my favourite songs by Tom Lehrer.
Let no one else's work evade your eyes,
Remember why the good Lord made your eyes,
So don't shade your eyes,
But plagiarize, plagiarize, plagiarize...
Only be sure always to call it please, "research".
He he. jpad, that's very good.
Nothing is original, just new ways of processing it, and that's the originality. If you look at it as separating concept from form and medium.
In advertising we call that appropriation.
>Anyone who believes in original ideas
I believe in original ideas. Eccleciastes was wrong: there is something new under the sun. Airplanes were new. Computers are new. Even Art Nouveau was new.
There is a novelty today even in type, which is an inherently conservative medium. Verdana was new, Amplitude, using traps decoratively, is new. Beorcana, handling serifs in a new way is new. There are minor novelties compared to the airplane, but still new.
It's not either/or, there are shades of "call it what it is".
The book cover in question totally swipes someone else's layout -- but as we now believe, there's more to design than layout, concept is important too. Is the concept here original -- i.e. taking an old piece of artwork and substituting new copy for all or part of it?
Of course not, so the question is, how well or cleverly is the substitution handled; and indeed there is some subtlety in the choice of how much of the text has been rewritten, and how to highlight it in colour. There is also the quality of the reconstruction (or forgery as Uli would term it) to be considered. But despite all those considerations, it's still not as good as creating an original layout in the style of Rogers would have been.
I produced a specimen brochure for my 1920s-style typeface Oneleigh, in which I took pages from old specimen books of that era and substituted Oneleigh, with fresh text. I also did some original layouts. Appropriation was a lot easier, of course, and you know the design is good, so no self-doubt about that. And the contrast between the original and the new is fascinating in its own right. But I'm not sure any of that really comes in to play beyond the redesigner and a few viewers, as most aren't aware of the repurposing. It does feel good, remaking something exquisite and venerable, which is a powerful justification for the redesigner. Like performing a classic piece of music, or copying an old type design, when it all comes together, bingo. Although others who have not been through the process might not be so convinced.
Considered for its marketing power (getting people to look at the book and buy it), the Typology cover is outright plagiarism. But once you get the book, and realize how clever the relationship between past and present is, that changes things.
These days, across the arts, more respect is given to thinking than making, which validates the process of "appropriation", as the use of that euphemistic term (with knowing irony or not) would suggest.
"It's hard enough to be clever, you don't have to be original."
— Quote attr. to David Bowie
BTW Nick: Is that Marcel Duchamp's addition to La Mona? Or your take on that? ; )
I believe in original ideas.
My previous post was made somewhat tongue-in-cheek; I guess it was probably more obvious to those of use who went to school after Moyers and PBS made Campbell accessible to college freshmen. I only meant to emphasize that creativity is an evolutionary process and that there is nothing wrong with designers shining a little light on the matter.
The best way to steal is to hold a design contest.
Right, design my web banners for free. I remember that guy.
The best way to steal is to hold a design contest.
OH SNAP! Anyway, remind me to tell you a story about the neighborhood association newsletter my publication design class just redesigned as part of a contest...
I think it qualifies as an homage.
I'm with Patty Fab and Miss Tiffany.
I believe in original ideas. Eccleciastes was wrong: there is something new under the sun.
Thank you, William Berkson. The world would be an awfully boring place if Eccleciastes was right about that.
Homage I'd say (or maybe lack of an original concept). But apart from that... It's a really good reference book. It's worth it plagiarism or not.
Ballerina with Action Man Parts, £96,000
Is that Marcel Duchamp's addition to La Mona?
Right. Painting has been obsolete for almost a century now :-)
I actually read that book when I was doing research on 19th century typefaces and I seem to remember it having the original specimen printed inside.


text:
Saturday Night Takeaway: Hairway the lads for Boris Johnson
LONDON Mayor Boris Johnson brushes shoulders with Little Ant and Dec tomorrow and they tick him off for his barnet.
Little Dec asks him: "Do you get told off for never brushing your hair?" Boris, 49, sheepishly admits: "Yes. Very frequently."
"Do you get told off for never brushing your hair?"Little Dec
The TV duo then hand him a comb as a present. Boris tells them: "Thank you very much. I can use it to scratch my back."
- The show airs tomorrow on ITV at 7pm.


text: Ate at Butterfields in Hauppauge. It was exceptionally loud. The hard walls, floor and ceiling and crowded table layout made this restaurant so loud that the waitresses had to shout. We waited 20 minutes for our reservation even though there was an empty table for 'a party at the bar'. Not only loud but stupid. The tuna that I had was good, but it was only a few snippets plus alot of window dressing. A large portion of rice in the middle kept me from starving. I would never go back there.


text:
Miriam Alice Troyer
KALONA — Miriam Alice Troyer, 91, of Iowa City, died Saturday, April 13, 2013, in Briarwood Health Care Center.
She donated her body for research to the University of Iowa Department of Anatomy. A memorial and celebration of life service will be held in July at Sharon Center United Methodist Church. Donations may be made to Sharon Center United Methodist Church or Iowa City Hospice.


text:
Open Season: Waterfowl opener slow, but still worth remembering
"You know what we should do next year?" my uncle, Paul Drechsel, asked before biting off another hunk of deep-fried duck. "Bring a bottle of wine."
There was a murmur of approval as the rest of the hunting group got to work digesting both the morning's success and gastronomical delights already in our bellies.
"We should bring lounge chairs, too," he said.
"Yeah," Paul's younger brother, Jay, agreed, "and maybe a table with nice, white linens - and an umbrella!"
"How about some victory cigars to top it off?" I suggested.
There was a jovial round of support. Paul scooped up another half dozen chunks of duck meat from the deep-fat fryer; each golden morsel carefully skewered via toothpick to a slice of home-grown jalapeno pepper and battered in Shore Lunch.
"Eat up, boys," he said. "There's plenty more."
We rolled ourselves to the steaming bites like blubber-lined elephant seals coming out of ocean surf. The feat took effort after a full morning of hunting, but it was worth it: you've never eaten duck unless you've had a fresh one cooked mere hours after uttering its final quack.
The birds were sublime; tender, juicy and not in the least bit gamy. For those of us Scandinavians yet to consume our daily dose of lycopene, ketchup was available. Paul also brought some sweet and sour sauce for the more adventurous of palate.
I washed it all down with an ice cold Coke, then reclined in the cool, green grass and watched a few fluffy clouds meander across the blue sky
My 18-week-old German wirehaired pointer, Remy, dozed in the shadow of one of our pickup trucks. He raised his head only when the wind switched directions and wafted the scent of cooking birds past his nose. But even that seemed to be too much work, and he mostly kept still.
Lackluster morning
For opening day of North Dakota's regular waterfowl season, it was amazing that the skies were so empty. We were resting, relaxing and reminiscing next to the slough that had been hunted just that morning.
The day's festivities began in the worst possible way; blanketed in a syrupy fog that cut visibility down to mere feet. After a bare-knuckle, 25-minute drive from our motel room to the stomping grounds, Jay and I were met by eerie silence.
Normally, all manner of feathered fowl fusses and flutters in the moments before sunrise - but not today. As the rest of the convoy pulled up and began to unload, the only sounds to break the calm were our own.
"I wonder where all the birds are? This place was full yesterday when we checked it out," my second-cousin, Kevin Drechsel said. His father, David, nodded as he slipped on a pair of waders.
Jay's son, William, who graced us with his presence after skipping out last year because of some fraternity hogwash, popped a couple shells into his Remington 12-gauge shotgun and racked one into the chamber.
"Wanna take care of the pooch while I set up decoys?" I asked.
William took Remy's leash. The young dog stretched, let out a gaping yawn and squatted to make his mark.
Jay headed south to a point he frequents yearly as a pass-shooting spot. He only took a dozen steps before disappearing into the milky mist. Paul drug out a new kayak he bought during the summer just for this occasion. The idea was to paddle to the adjoining body of water and keep the birds moving. That way ducks wouldn't get a chance to raft up in one spot.
William, David, Kevin and myself set up close to the drop-off point with a couple dozen decoys and a prayer. Kevin's 8-year-old black lab, Cole, splashed around while we set up the spread, his silver-lined muzzle giving away his age.
Remy was content to shiver and whine on a bed of overturned cattails I made to keep him out of the water as much as possible. Though he's proven himself a marvelous hunting companion even at only 18 weeks of age, we were still working on swimming.
Soon after I tossed out the last decoy, a barrage of shots south signaled Jay was seeing ducks. A short time later, a couple pops to the east meant Paul, too, was getting action.
Our group had yet to see a bird.
As if on a cue, a drake mallard cupped low and nearly touched the surface outside our decoy spread before I gave the signal to open fire.
We all took turns, but it was William who connected. As soon as the bird hit the water, Cole was rushing to get it, his vigor for the hunt obvious in his enthusiastic splashing.
As the morning wore on, the fog kept the birds at bay. We saw a smattering of them pass low, but often they were out of sight before we had time to shoulder our weapons. When the fog finally lifted, the birds followed, and any passing overhead did so well out of range.
Jay wound up with a limit of ducks, of which we enjoyed afterward deep fried. Remy did eventually get his nose full of feathers after I jump shot a couple blue-winged teal and one wound up in the cattails.
We also salvaged the day with a sporting afternoon of upland hunting. The sharptailed grouse were more than prevalent, and a 20-plus covey of Hungarian partridge was the icing on the cake.
No, today would not go into the history books as one of our better waterfowl openers, but it still was an opener.
That, along with great company and dogs, made it worth remembering.


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Explore, Enjoy and Protect the Planet
June 12, 2012: In This Issue
º Great Gifts for Dad
º Win a Trip Down Under
º Picking on Polar Bears
º Style with Substance
º Worst to Best Job Ever
Paddling into Paradise
Summer temperatures may be soaring, but have no fear -- water adventures await! Grab a paddle and join us on one of many trips ranging from quiet lakes to rollicking whitewater.
Enjoy history and diverse wildlife while canoeing the Mississippi River, raft or kayak in Alaska's Lake Clark National Park, or head to New York's Adirondacks for family canoeing and whitewater rafting.
Seeking something else? Select from over 150 more adventures at Sierra Club Outings.
Take one minute and watch The Countdown finally reach zero.
Style with Substance
Think fashion and conservation don't mix? Wrong: Even John Muir was a sharp-dressed man. Check out our top picks for him and her, from dress shoes to jeans.
Photo by Lori Eanes
1) Jeanine Cotter, CEO of solar installation company Luminalt. 2) Rachel Butler, national organizer for the Sierra Club's Green Transportation Campaign, on the increase in bike commuting. 3) Avital Andrews from Sierra magazine talks about whether fast food can be green.
Listen | Subscribe
Grazing Reform
The "Grazing Improvement Act" would further entrench domestic livestock grazing on federal public lands to the detriment of fish, wildlife, and clean water.
Please tell your senators and representative to oppose this bill and instead support sensible reform of public lands grazing policies.
What's So Bad About Tar Sands?
How can we tell people about the most toxic fossil fuel on Earth?
Here's one easy way: Watch and share this short animated video that shows what's so bad about tar sands. Can you guess which famous Canadian-American actor provided the narration?
(Hint: He once voiced a "hunky environmentalist" on The Simpsons.)
Great Gifts for Dad
Looking for a Father's Day gift that won't disappear into the back of Dad's closet? We've put together a guide to Sierra Club books for all kinds of dads, from "Fly-Fishing Dad" to "Bicyclist Dad" to "Backpacker Dad."
Once you've found the perfect gift, enter the code DAD2012 during checkout and you'll receive a 20 percent discount on your purchase.
Another Crazy House Bill
If today's Tuesday, then someone in the U.S. House of Representatives must be attacking the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, or Endangered Species Act.
Actually, the National Security and Federal Lands Protection Act (H.R. 1505) attacks all three, along with about two dozen other environmental laws, by lifting protections from public lands in a zone that extends 100 miles into the U.S. from all land borders. If passed, it would put dozens of national parks, tribal lands, and protected natural areas at risk.
Disguised as a border-security initiative, H.R. 1505 is actually a direct assault on our public lands. Tell your representative to say no to H.R. 1505.
Volunteer and Vagabond
When Sierra Club volunteer and self-described "vagabond" Japhy Dhungana isn't leading trips in the Sierra Nevada or bicycling from Los Angeles to the tip of South America, he's teaching people how to improve their hiking, navigation, backpacking, snow travel, and rock climbing skills through the Los Angeles Chapter's Wilderness Travel Course.
Here's a question for the history buffs among you: Why does he call his bicycle "Bucephalus?"
Photo courtesy of Japhy Dhungana
Win a Trip Down Under
Enter Sierra magazine's Seventh Annual Paddling Sweepstakes and you could win an outdoor adventure trip to the Australian island of Tasmania from Tasmanian Expeditions. Runner-up prizes include paddling gear from NRS, a deluxe outdoor cook set from Mountain Safety Research, and a Werner kayak paddle.
The deadline for entries is June 30, 2012. Enter today!
Picking on Polar Bears
Although polar bears and walruses are protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act, the U.S. Department of Fish and Wildlife has now given Shell Oil official permission to "harass" both species during exploratory drilling in the Arctic this summer.
Shell may "disturb [them] in the wild by causing disruption of behavioral patterns, including, but not limited to, migration, breathing, nursing, breeding, feeding, or sheltering."
For a look at how animals in the Arctic live without Shell Oil's harassment, see Sierra magazine's slideshow of images from To the Arctic, by Florian Schulz
Photo by Florian Schulz
From the Worst to the Best Job Ever
Remember the worst job you ever had? We asked some Sierra Club employees to do exactly that -- and then to tell us a little about their current work for the Sierra Club. Hear for yourself why fish guts and donuts can't compete with protecting the planet.
We want to spread the word that if you're looking for a job (or simply wish you had a better job), the Sierra Club Careers website is the place to find out about meaningful positions and internships across the country working for America's largest and most influential grassroots environmental organization.


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Q. Can we require employees to be on our health insurance plan? We're a small business and to meet the requirements for group insurance, we require all employees that aren't covered by a spouse's policy to enroll. We pay 75 percent of the premium. — G.P., Oklahoma
A. While it seems more than a bit maternal to us, the answer is "yes." You can pay your employees with any combination of wages, bonuses and fringe benefits, provided that they earn the equivalent of no less than the minimum wage. Also, you should not deduct from an employee's pay for health insurance premiums unless the employee has executed a document authorizing you to do so.


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Father: John Barrett Fisher b: 2 JUN 1866 in White Co., TN
Mother: Mary Texas Luna b: 30 JAN 1881 in Sanders Bend, White Co., TN
RootsWeb.com, Inc. is NOT responsible for the content of the GEDCOMs uploaded through the WorldConnect Program. If you have a problem with a particular entry, please contact the submitter of said entry. You have full control over your GEDCOM. You can change or remove it at any time.


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Feral hog protection while backpacking
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March 17, 2013, 10:30 AM
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Join Date: December 24, 2010
Location: Central Louisiana
Posts: 3,137
I currently use a 1911 45 cal five inch barrel, but this weighs about 3.5 lbs including holster & extra mag. Is there something lighter to carry and still have penetration to stop a 300 lb hog?
The biggest hog I ever killed field-dressed at over 350 lbs (the limit of the scale). I dropped him with a .22LR at a range of about 15 feet. He looked up at me and I popped him in the center of the forehead. He dropped like a switch had been thrown and it took four of us to drag him out of the thicket to where we could get him on a vehicle. We weighed him back at camp, sans his innards and that's when the topped-out the scales.
The guys I used to hunt with, though favored something a little heavier for hog hunting on horseback. Almost every one of them carried the .22WM. Headshots only, preferably when the hog is looking at you. Draw an imaginary X from eyes to ears and put a bullet in the center of the X. They drop right there.
The problem comes when you try to take a shoulder shot. If the hog's been running wild for a while, he'll have a big shield of matted hair, gristle, and pine sap over the shoulder area. However, the head shot offers the best chance of anchoring him on the spot.
Dennis Dezendorf
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By Brenda Goodman, published on November 1, 2004 - last reviewed on June 9, 2016
Important clues to your health may be on your tongue. Research suggests that the 25 percent of the population who are most sensitive to a bitter chemical called PROP—so-called supertasters—may face a higher risk of some cancers, possibly because they don't like the taste of vitamin-packed veggies.
In a study of 200 veterans, Linda Bartoshuk, professor at the Yale University School of Medicine, found that sensitivity to bitter tastes was correlated to the number of cancerous colon polyps in the subjects.
But having sensitive taste buds may not be completely bad news. Supertasters are also overpowered by sweet and high-fat foods, decreasing their risk for obesity and probably heart disease too. One of Bartoshuk's studies found supertasters experience greater "oral burn" from alcohol. She hypothesized that they were less likely to become alcoholics as a result. Thomas Joiner, a psychology professor at Florida State University in Tallahassee, confirmed the theory, but only for men—for reasons that are unclear.
The aversion to alcohol may help explain another of Joiner's observations—that supertasters are less likely to have family histories of depression. "Alcohol avoidance may play a role in that," he says. "But we also think that supertasters have a greater ability to experience pleasure, and that may offer a protective effect against depression."


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Tamaqua shuts down Tribe
BOB FORD/TIMES NEWS Lehighton's Brooke Lucykanish slides safely into second base as Tamaqua's Lynn Kistler takes the throw. Tamaqua wound up winning the game by a 6-3 score.
It didn't take Bailey Pedersen long to learn the ups and downs of being a varsity softball pitcher.
The Tamaqua freshman experienced both sides of the game in her first varsity start against Lehighton in a non-league game on Thursday.
Pedersen got the best of the Indians with her rising pitch over the first six innings, as she accounted for 13 of the game's first 18 outs on strikeouts en route to a 6-3 win.
Meanwhile, she had to receive a boost of confidence from Tamaqua head coach Jill Barron and then rely on her team's defense to stall every bit of a Lehighton rally in the seventh.
Pedersen said it felt really good to get her first varsity win out of the way, but she shared what she had to do to be successful in both situations.
"I always try to hit my spots the best I can and I always do my best to win the game," said Pedersen, who only surrendered two walks. "I can't let innings like that get the best of me. I just need to move onto the next batter and just do my best to get the last out."
Barron admitted Pedersen has the ability to follow in the footsteps of some fine Blue Raiders' pitchers of the past like Allie Sotak and Jen Bensinger.
"She has the heart to be a good pitcher," Barron said. "This is what she wants to do. This is her thing. But, the last inning there she just wasn't hitting her spots at all.
"That's why I had to go out and calm her down a bit. I told her how important it is that she has to regroup and get herself back in the game and work the next batter and that's what she did. And, we got ourselves out of it."
However, over the first six innings, Pedersen had no problems doing that at all as she presented issues at the plate for the Indians. She struck the side out in each the first and sixth innings, while accounting for two of the outs in the second, third and fifth.
It was in the third and fourth innings where she received the necessary support from her Blue Raiders' offense to get ahead in the game.
Nesya Sullivan singled to lead off the third and then stole second before she trotted across home plate on a throwing error by the Indians, which put teammate Brianna Wittig at first base. Alexis Boyer then successfully completed a hit-and-run and Wittig scored from first when Boyer laced a RBI single to right.
In the fourth, Sullivan poked a two-run triple to score April Donnon and Angelica Heisler. Then Sullivan scored on a Mackenzie Heisler fielder's choice.
In its last at-bat, Lehighton first year coach Greg Poremba was able to see his Indians finally zone in on Pedersen's pitches and put together a bit of a rally.
Kelsey Andrew started things off with a RBI double to score Brooke Lucykanish, who reached on an error to start the inning. Cami Nalesnik followed with an RBI single up the middle and then Chelsea German laced a RBI triple down the right field line.
Three runs is all the Indians could muster in what was both team's first game of the season. Poremba was still pleased with the fight his Indians showed that day.
"Because they are so young, we knew we would have some rough times this season," Poremba stressed. "When they get it, and they're believing in what we're doing, and they're learning, I believe we will be fine. I'm very excited about this group of kids because they are hard workers and today they showed their character and believing there's a chance and they showed that. They never gave up.
"Unfortunately, it didn't turn out for the best for us in the end. But, they did a great job anyway."
Nalesnik finished with two of the Indians' four hits, while Sullivan was the Blue Raiders' lone multiple hitter.
Tamaqua 002 300 1 - 6 4 2
Lehighton 000 000 3 - 3 6 2
Pedersen and Boyer; Bickert, Binyon (5) and Andrew. W - Pedersen. L - Bickert.


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The role of the proapototic Bax gene in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury was studied in three groups of mice: homozygotic knockout mice lacking the Bax gene (Bax−/−), heterozygotic mice (Bax+/−), and wild-type mice (Bax+/+). Isolated hearts were subjected to ischemia (30 min, 37°C) and then to 120 min of reperfusion. The left ventricular developed force of Bax-deficient vs. Bax+/+ hearts at stabilization and at 120 min of reperfusion was 1,411 ± 177 vs. 1,161 ± 137 mg and 485 ± 69 vs. 306 ± 68 mg, respectively. Superior cardiac function of Bax−/− hearts after I/R was accompanied by a decrease in creatine kinase release, caspase 3 activity, irreversible ischemic injury, and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cardiomyocytes. Electron microscopic evaluation revealed reduced damage to mitochondria and the nuclear chromatin structure in Bax-deficient mice. In the Bax+/− hearts, the damage markers were moderate. The superior tolerance of Bax knockout hearts to I/R injury recommends this gene as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in patients with severe and intractable myocardial ischemia.
- Bax-deficient hearts
- heart
- apoptosis
apoptosis of cardiac myocytes has been demonstrated in several myocardial states, including ischemic heart disease and congestive heart failure (29). Inhibition of the apoptotic process was shown to prevent or slow down the loss of contractile cells and thus was suggested as an additional therapeutic approach to cardiac disease (9). A proapoptotic stimulus initiates a cell-autonomous cascade of events that activates caspases, apoptosis-specific endonucleases, and the apoptosis-inducing factor APAF (32). The apoptotic mechanism is regulated by a number of proteins, such as the Bcl-2 family, which can either inhibit or promote apoptosis (ced-9, Bcl-w, Bcl-2, Bcl-xl vs. Bax, Bcl-xS, and Bak, respectively) (3). The suppressor Bcl-2 and the inducer Bax proteins can function autonomously in regulating cell death (14).
The involvement of Bcl-2 family members in ischemia and oxidative stress has been shown in several studies (21, 28,30). Direct involvement of Bcl-2 in myocardial ischemia is also supported by alterations in control of the apoptotic cascade under anaerobic conditions (2, 18). Bcl-2 overexpression in transgenic mice or elevation of Bcl-2 protein expression through ischemic preconditioning result in superior recovery from cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury (4, 8).
In line with these studies, we aimed to determine the effect of decreased expression of the proapoptotic Bax gene. We used Bax knockout mice to assess the role and importance of the Bax gene in cardiac function during I/R and to determine the effect of Bax deficiency on Bcl-2 activity and apoptotic markers. With the use of the Langendorff preparation, hearts of Bax-deficient mice (Bax−/−) were compared with the heterozygotic group (Bax+/−) and with their controls (Bax+/+) to determine the mechanical, biochemical, and morphological parameters of injury in conjunction with assays of Bcl-2, caspases, and apoptotic markers. The results indicated that Bax plays a role in cardiac function, and the absence of this gene renders the heart more resistant to necrosis and apoptosis after I/R injury.
Bax-deficient mice were kindly provided by Dr. S. J. Korsmayer (15). They were originally inbred from C57Bl. Experiments were performed in accordance with the guidelines established by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Tel Aviv University (Tel Aviv, Israel).
As male mice proved infertile, we mated the hemizygote for the Bax gene (Bax+/−). To verify genetic identity for genotyping, DNA was isolated from the tail using the high pure template preparation kit (Roche) and then subjected to standard PCR (MJ Research). The primers used were as follows: 5′-GTTGACCAGATGGCGTAGG-3′ (Bax in ), 5′-GAGCTGATCAGAACCATFATG-3′ (Bax ex), and 5′-CCGCTTCCATTGCTCAGCGG-3′ (Neo R) for the exogenous neo gene (15).
Isolated mouse heart preparation and measurement of the contractile functions and creatine kinase release.
Seventy-two mice (12–15 wk old), weighing 23–28 g, were divided into the following three groups (n = 24 in each group): transgenic knockout homozygotic (Bax−/−), transgenic heterozygotic (Bax+/−), and wild-type homozygotic control (Bax+/+). Heparin sulfate (500 U/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to prevent intravascular coagulation of blood, and, 30 min later, mice were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium (50 mg/kg). Hearts were excised by a bilateral thoracotomy and immersed in cold heparinized saline. The aorta was cannulated, and the heart was perfused in a retrograde Langendorff preparation at a pressure of 96 cmH2O with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate (KHB) buffer solution containing (in mM) 118 NaCl, 4.7 KCl, 1.2 MgSO4 · 7H2O, 2.5 CaCl2, 0.5 disodium EDTA, 25 NaHCO3, 11 glucose, and 2 sodium pyruvate. A small incision was made in the main trunk of the pulmonary artery to drain the coronary effluent from the right ventricle. A force transducer (Grass FT03 mechanical transducer) was secured to the left ventricle using a 4-0 silk suture, and a hook was attached through the apex of the ventricle. The difference between the peak developed and end-diastolic contractile force, presented as left ventricular developed force (LVF) of contraction of the heart, was recorded and analyzed in real time using the CODAS data-acquisition system (San Diego, CA). The temperature of the heart (sensed in the right ventricle) was maintained at 37 ± 0.2°C throughout the experiment by a microthermocouple connected to a digital thermometer (Webster Laboratories; Altadena, CA). The isolated heart was stabilized for 20 min and then was either continuously perfused with KHB solution for 150 min (n = 4 in each group) or subjected to 30-min normothermic ischemia by clamping the aortic cannula and 120-min reperfusion (10, 22). LVF, heart rate (HR), and coronary flow rates (CF) were continuously recorded. The preischemic baseline parameters were measured after a 20-min stabilization period. Coronary effluent was collected at 1-min intervals before and after ischemia at various time points (1, 30, 60, and 120 min of reperfusion) and analyzed for creatine kinase (CK) activity (Boehringer Mannheim).
Western blotting.
Heart tissue samples (20 mg) were homogenized in lysis buffer and quantified for protein levels using a commercial assay (Bio-Rad). Proteins (60 μg/sample) were separated using SDS-polyacrylamide gels (12.5%) under denaturing conditions and electrotransferred onto nitrocellulose (Bio-Rad) for 1 h at 100 V. Membranes were blocked with 5% nonfat milk in Tris-buffered saline (TBS) containing 0.1% Tween 20 (TBST) overnight at 4°C. Primary antibodies [anti-Bcl-2 polyclonal from Oncogene (Cambridge, MA); anti-Bax from Cell Signaling (Nottingham, UK); and anti-α-actin from Sigma (St. Louis, MO)] were used at 1:1,000 dilution in TBST with 5% nonfat milk. After incubation with the primary antibodies (overnight at 4°C), horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies were added (1:4,000 dilution) for 1 h at room temperature. Films were developed using enhanced chemiluminescence methods and exposed to X-ray films (Amersham; Arlington Heights, IL) (17, 23).
Measurement of irreversible ischemic injury.
After 120 min of reperfusion, the heart was infused into the coronary vasculature through the sidearm of the aortic cannula with a 10% solution of 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) in phosphate buffer at 37°C and cut into sections (width 0.8 mm). TTC stained the viable tissue red, whereas the necrotic tissue remained discolored. Sections were fixed overnight in 2% paraformaldehyde. The sections were then placed between two coverslips, digitally photographed using a Fugi Finepixs1pro camera (resolution of 1,400 × 960 pixels), and quantified with IMAGE J 5.1 software. The area of irreversible injury (TTC negative) is presented as a percentage of the entire area of the section (22).
Evaluation of apoptosis.
Immunohistochemical detection of apoptotic cells was carried out using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. Residues of digoxigenin-labeled dUTP are catalytically incorporated into DNA by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase II, an enzyme that catalyzes the template-independent addition of nucleotide triphosphate to the 3′-OH ends of double- or single-stranded DNA. The incorporated nucleotide was incubated with a sheep polyclonal anti-digoxygenin antibody, followed by FITC-conjugated rabbit anti-sheep IgG as a secondary antibody, as described by the manufacturer (Apop Tag Plus, Oncor; Gaithersburg, MD). Sections were washed three times in phosphate-buffered saline, blocked with normal rabbit serum, and incubated with mouse monoclonal antibody recognizing α-sarcomeric actin (Sigma), followed by staining with tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate-conjugated rabbit anti-mouse IgG (1:200 dilution, Dako Japan; Tokyo, Japan). The fluorescence staining was viewed with a confocal laser microscope (Olympus; Tokyo, Japan). The number of apoptotic cells was counted in 100 high-power (×60) fields observed from the endocardium through the epicardium midventricular section and expressed as a percentage of the total myocyte population (8). The TUNEL assay was significantly more reliable, reproducible, and sensitive for detection of apoptosis than assays of DNA fragmentation by gel electrophoresis.
Caspase 3 activity.
Hearts were tested for caspase 3 activity at the following different time points: 1) when excised and washed with KHB solution (n = 3); 2) 20 min after perfusion with KHB solution (n = 3); 3) after being subjected to 30-min ischemia (n = 3); and 4) after being subjected to 30-min ischemia followed by 2-h reperfusion (n = 6). Hearts were frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored until used. The myocardium was homogenized with a polytron homoginizer and centrifuged at 16,000 g for 20 min at 4°C. Protein extracts (60 μg/sample) were used to measure caspase 3 activity using a fluorescence substrate (CaspACE, Progmega). Briefly, the fluorogenic substrates for caspase 3 were labeled with the fluorochrome 7-amino-4-methyl coumarin (AMC). They generated blue fluorescence that could be detected by exposure to ultraviolet light at 360 nm, revealing the release of AMC from the substrates upon cleavage by caspase 3. Free AMC emits a yellow-green fluorescence, which was measured with a fluorometer at 460 nm (Fluostar) (26).
Electron microscopy.
Tissue samples were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate for 1 h, postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide in the same buffer for 1 h, and stained in 0.5% uranyl acetate. The samples were then dehydrated in ascending concentrations of alcohol, infiltrated in Epon-Araldite epoxy resin, and heat polymerized. The sections were cut, poststained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and examined by electron microscopy (31). The volume density of cellular components was determined by the point-count method (34). Briefly, a transparent grid of test points was laid over each micrograph. The number of test points falling on an individual structure was recorded, as was the total number of test points available on the test grid. The volume occupied by each component was equivalent to the number of points falling on that structure divided by the total number of test points available on the test grid. This value was expressed as a percentage. Three types of mitochondria were analyzed: 1) mature mitochondria (Mm), containing well-developed cristae; 2) vacuolated mitochondria (Mv), containing a membrane-bound vesicle; and 3) irreversibly damaged mitochondria (MCa), with electron-dense deposits containing calcium. The ratio between the volume density of heterochromatin and the volume density of nuclei (Nhcr) was also determined.
Statistical analysis.
Results are expressed as means ± SE. Values during the stabilization period were defined as 100%. Statistical differences between the groups were assessed by ANOVA with repeated measurements using the multiple-comparison option of Duncan. If differences were established, values were compared using Student's t-test.P < 0.05 was considered significant.
Genetic identity by PCR.
Figure 1 shows the genetic identity of the various mice tested. One band of Bax gene (300 bp) was seen in the Bax+/+ mice, and two bands (300 and 500 bp) were seen in the hemizygotic Bax+/− mice, whereas in the Bax−/− mice only one band (500 bp) was seen in the neo gene.
There were no differences in either body weight or the ratio of heart weight to body weight (0.0044–0.005) in Bax−/−compared with Bax+/− and Bax+/+ mice.
Bcl-2 and Bax content.
Similar levels of Bcl-2 protein expression were detected in the three groups of hearts when analyzed with Western blots (Fig.2). As expected, Bax protein was not expressed in Bax-deficient hearts and was detected in Bax+/+ normal hearts (Fig. 2).
Mechanical recovery.
LVF of hearts from the Bax−/−, Bax+/+, and Bax+/− groups was continuously monitored using the isolated heart Langendorff preparation. During the initial stabilization period, there were no significant differences in the mechanical activity of hearts from normal and knockout mice (Table1). There was, however, a trend of increased developed force in Bax−/− hearts. Continuous perfusion for 170 min of Bax−/−, Bax+/−, and Bax+/+ hearts resulted in a decrease in LVF to 78 ± 3%, 75 ± 4%, and 77 ± 3%, respectively. LVF of Bax-deficient hearts were consistently slightly higher than the wild-type Bax+/+ hearts. During 120 min of reperfusion after 30 min of global no-flow ischemia, LVF decreased to 37 ± 3% and 37 ± 5% vs. 27 ± 5% of baseline in Bax−/−, Bax+/−, and Bax+/+hearts, respectively (P < 0.05; Fig.3, A and B).
CF and HR were essentially the same in the all groups during the stabilization period (Table 1). CF rate progressively deteriorated during the reperfusion period in all groups. CF in the nonischemic hearts declined to 90 ± 8% after 170 min of continuous perfusion. In the ischemic hearts, CF rate deterioration during the reperfusion period was higher for Bax+/+ than Bax-deficient mice after 120 min of reperfusion (63 ± 5% vs. 83 ± 8% of baseline, P < 0.01, and 68 ± 7% for Bax+/− mice; Fig.4). All hearts resumed beating spontaneously after 30 min of global ischemia, with no significant differences in rates between the experimental groups.
Biochemical markers of ischemia and reperfusion damage.
CK activity in the effluent increased in all groups, but in the Bax+/+ group it was higher than in both the Bax−/− and Bax+/− groups. CK release to the coronary effluent at 1-min reperfusion was 2.2 times higher in the Bax+/+ hearts than in the Bax−/− or Bax+/− hearts (270 ± 45 vs. 120 ± 10 and 110 ± 10 units/l, P < 0.01; Fig.5).
In other studies, we performed similar measurements of contractile recovery from ischemia, coronary flow, and CK release in hearts of BALB/c mice. The values were not significantly different from those of the normal C57Bl mice, in this study termed as Bax+/+controls.
Irreversible ischemic injury.
TTC staining revealed that Bax deficiency of the isolated heart subjected to 30 min of global ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion was accompanied with reduced regions of irreversible ischemic injury compared with the Bax+/+ group (22.3 ± 6% vs. 43.6 ± 12%, respectively,P = 0.001; Fig. 6). The extent of ischemic injury in the hemizygotic Bax+/− mice was moderate (33.6 ± 6%).
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
Apoptotic cardiomyocytes were detected using TUNEL staining in conjunction with staining with antibody against sarcomeric actin to identify myocytes. In the wild-type group, a large number of cardiomyocytes was found to undergo apoptosis after 2 h of reperfusion after 30 min of ischemic insult. Bax deficiency lowered cardiomyocyte death 10-fold due to apoptosis compared with the Bax+/+ group and by 3-fold compared with the Bax+/− group (7.52 ± 2.36%, 0.74 ± 0.4%, and 2.27 ± 1.1%, respectively; Fig.7).
Caspase 3 activity.
Caspase 3 activity was performed in pre- and postischemic hearts to verify whether the protective effect of Bax deficiency was produced via antiapoptotic pathways. Enzymatic activity of caspase 3 in hearts was determined in myocardial extracts in vivo (0 min), after 20 min of perfusion (20 min stab), and after 30 min of total normothermic ischemia and 1 min (1 min rep) or 120 min of reperfusion (120 min rep). Caspase 3 activity was low at all measured time points except for 120 min postischemia, where both the Bax−/− and Bax+/− groups exhibited decreased caspase 3 activity compared with the Bax+/+ group (P < 0.0005), representing a 1.5- or 2-fold increase compared with 4.5-fold, respectively (Fig.8).
Morphological markers of ischemia and reperfusion damage.
The ultrastructure of Bax−/− and Bax+/+myocytes before ischemia is similar (Fig.9, A and D). These myocytes have well-ordered myofibrils with a distinct sarcomeric registry and dark mitochondria with tightly arranged cristae. Ischemia and 120-min reperfusion caused markedly higher damage in the Bax+/+ group compared with the Bax−/−group. Whereas in the Bax+/+ hearts many nuclei were irregularly shaped and showed clumped chromatin and increased amounts of heterochromatin and pyknosis (Table2), in Bax−/− hearts the nuclei had finely dispersed chromatin and pleomorphism and heterochromatin were significantly less expressed (Fig. 9, Band E, and Table 2). The mitochondria of many of the Bax+/+ hearts were distorted with the swelling of the matrix, and many of them contained electron-dense deposits (Ca-phosphate electron-dense deposits), which were significantly lower in Bax-deficient hearts (Fig. 9, C and F, and Table 2).
The use of transgenic and knockout mice to study the role of various genes in the cardiovascular system has been popular in recent years (12). For example, transgenic mice overexpressing Bcl-2 were used to illustrate the protective role of Bcl-2 against I/R injury in the heart (4), brain (20), and intestine (6). This is the first report that evaluates the role of the antiapoptotic Bax gene in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Our results indicate that the suppression of the Bax gene improves myocardial tolerance to I/R injury. Cardioprotection was achieved by the amelioration of necrotic as well as apoptotic cell death. The improved contractile function, CF rates, and reduced irreversible ischemic injury were accompanied by consistent differences in muscle ultrastructure, apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and proteolytic activity of caspase 3. In general, these markers of injury showed moderate differences in hearts of heterozygous mice, suggesting that Bax activity may be quantitatively related to cardiac tolerance to I/R.
Both necrotic and apoptotic cell death contribute to the pathophysiology of I/R injury (4). The extended period of reperfusion (120 min) employed in this study has been used in previous studies (19, 22). The time period of 2 h is recommended because activation of the apoptotic mechanism requires this time period to maximize the detection of apoptotic cell death. Minimal evidence of apoptotic markers was found using shorter periods of reperfusion (30 and 60 min).
Apoptosis, as a distinct type of cell death, is governed by number of regulating genes and mediated by apoptotic signals. Bax plays a crucial role in the induction phase of apoptosis, whereas Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL are known to counteract the proapoptotic action of Bax (16). A positive correlation between the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins and protection of the heart against I/R injury has been suggested. Acute myocardial infarction after coronary artery ligation upregulates Bcl-2 expression in viable myocytes at the border areas of the infarcted myocardium, whereas nonviable myocytes upregulate their Bax expression (5,13). It has been suggested that apoptosis is an independent contributor to cardiomyocyte death during ischemia and reperfusion (13, 33). Studies have shown that apoptosis was triggered in 2.8 million myocytes within 2 h of coronary artery occlusion, whereas during the same period only 90,000 cells were necrotic, and the number of the latter increased with prolongation of ischemia (13). On the basis of these data, the authors concluded that apoptosis was the major form of myocardial injury after occlusion of a major coronary artery, whereas postapoptotic necrotic myocyte death contributed to progressive loss of cells (13). Consistent with this hypothesis is the fact that treatment with a caspase inhibitor led to the inhibition of apoptosis and was associated with a reduction in infarct size and improved hemodynamic function (35). In contrast, it was suggested that apoptotic cardiomyocytes observed in the infarcted myocardium after ischemia and reperfusion were in fact necrotic myocytes that displayed DNA fragmentation (25). Despite this controversy, it is clear that myocardial ischemia and reperfusion provoke both forms of cell death (25, 33). By eliminating the Bax gene or by reducing it in the heterozygotic group, we succeeded in reducing the damage caused by global ischemia and reperfusion via both the necrotic and the apoptotic pathways.
It is difficult to compare the extent of necrosis and apoptosis after I/R using two different techniques to assay cell death. If we compare TTC and TUNEL staining in normal hearts, the necrotic and apoptotic markers accounted for 44% and 7.5% of the injury, respectively. Necrotic cell death was reduced twofold in Bax-deficient hearts compared with controls, and CK release was consistently reduced by the same amount. Compared with normal hearts, the Bax-deficient hearts displayed a remarkable 10-fold decrease in myocyte apoptosis, as determined by the TUNEL assay. Corroborating these differences, the Bax-deficient hearts recovered better than controls, the contractile function of these hearts after ischemia improved, and significant differences were observed in myocardial morphology. In particular, mitochondrial structure, as evident from the amount of intramitochondrial electron-dense deposits and vacuoles, and nuclear structure were better preserved in Bax-deficient hearts than in controls. These data suggest that the lack of the Bax gene renders the heart less susceptible to necrotic injury, which in itself improved recovery in the long run.
Reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and DNA fragmentation were observed after repeated cyclic episodes of intermittent brief ischemia and reperfusion (ischemic preconditioning), a process associated with the increased expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and activation of nuclear factor-κB (21). Ischemic preconditioning was also reported to induce a decrease in Bax expression and limit the extent of apoptotic cell death (24). Changes in the expression levels of regulatory factors of apoptosis are known to occur in failing hearts (27) and as an adaptive mechanism of aging (17). In this respect, upregulation of the activity of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 gene may be considered as a natural defense mechanism. The ability of Bax to block apoptosis is critically dependent on the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax. When excess Bax/Bcl-2 heterodimers are formed, cells are protected, whereas in hearts with predominantly Bax, the Bax homodimers render the myocytes susceptible to apoptosis (17). Our data indicate that the absence of the Bax gene in knockout mice per se did not induce alterations in cardiac Bcl-2 expression. Thus, at similar levels of Bcl-2, Bax deficiency protects against I/R injury.
In this study, the presence of the Bax gene in normal hearts was associated with impaired structure of mitochondria compared with Bax-deficient hearts. In the absence of Bax protein, the defensive role of Bcl-2 is intensified, protecting mitochondria from ischemic damage. Bcl-2 has been shown to act as a free radical scavenger in both myocardial and neural tissues, offering protection against I/R injury (2, 11). The generation of oxygen-derived free radicals is considered to be one of the mechanisms responsible for I/R injury, and superoxide is known to induce apoptosis/necrosis (36). There is evidence that Bcl-2 regulates mitochondrial transition pores, promoting contacts between the inner and outer membranes of mitochondria and initiating the apoptotic process (1, 16). Bcl-2 homodimers have been shown to inhibit pore formation, whereas Bax homodimers open these pores, allowing a cascade of events leading to I/R injury.
Another factor involved in these events is the relationship between Bcl-2 and Ca2+ pumps in the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and nuclear membranes (7, 37), which prevent calcium overload during I/R. The important role of Bcl-2 in regulation of the activity of mitochondrial transition pores and prevention of Ca2+ overload in the mitochondria reduces cellular injury both via the apoptotic and necrotic pathways (16). These mechanisms are suggested to be at work in Bax-deficient hearts, preserving mitochondrial integrity and function.
Studies of the Bax gene using knockout technology requires caution in interpretation of the apparent pinpoint mutation and careful extrapolation of the experimental data to normal tissue. The Bax-deficient mice were viable and their body weight and myocardial mass-to-body weight ratio were similar to those of the wild-type mice, without signs of developmental abnormalities or hypertrophy. It is likely, however, that deletion of an important gene activates adaptive processes that allowed normal development and function. Although we found no significant alterations in the activity of apoptosis-associated proteins (including Bcl-2 and caspase) in the hearts of homozygous and heterozygous Bax-deficient mice, it remains unclear why these hearts displayed a slightly stronger contraction before ischemia compared with hearts of normal mice. We cannot exclude the possibility that, in addition to long-term adaptation to the absence of the Bax gene, acute compensatory mechanisms were also activated in our experimental conditions. Despite these limitations, deletion and overexpression of genes using knockout and transgenic technologies allow us to investigate their function. An additional concern is the limited physiological relevance of the isolated heart preparation, in particular perfusion of mouse hearts for extended periods of time. Future experiments referring to the role of genes in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia should be performed in vivo.
In summary, myocytes lacking the Bax gene reduced I/R injury through prevention of the necrotic and apoptotic pathways. Although the precise mechanism for the inhibition of I/R injury in Bax knockout mice remains unclear, it appears from the present study that downregulation of the Bax gene plays a crucial role in ameliorating ischemic damage. Any treatment inducing downregulation of the Bax gene or elevating the level of Bcl-2 proteins offers a promising approach to alleviating I/R injury.
Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: E. Hochhauser, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel (E-mail: hochhaus{at}post.tau.ac.il).
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
- Copyright © 2003 the American Physiological Society


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McDonald's gives workers advice on tipping au pairs, trainers, dog-walkersThu Dec 5, 2013
Fourth biker charged in New York SUV chaseMon Oct 7, 2013
In Texas and beyond, hot spots for vaccine refusers alarm officialsFri Aug 30, 2013
- Let's see.. reject science when it can help protect your kid from preventable disease, then seek medical help (science) when the childs gets the preventable disease. Makes sense. In no way do I think children should suffer the choices their parents made, but this seems wee bit hypocritical on the pa …
Mom of teen denied heart transplant: 'He deserves a second chance'Tue Aug 13, 2013
Happy birthday, Israel! Now have some tofuTue Apr 16, 2013
'You've got to be kidding me': Maryland woman gets a ticket for driving 63 mph — in a 65 zoneTue Mar 12, 2013
- Horrible pity party reporting with this article. As others have said, this woman didn't get ticketed for going slow. She got ticketed for not keeping her tush in the right lane where others can safely pass her on the left. If this woman can't grasp that and wants to go to the press boo hooing, then …
New portrait of President Obama unveiledFri Jan 18, 2013
Inaugural ball tickets snapped up early due to Ticketmaster goofMon Jan 7, 2013
Delta kicks musician out of SkyMiles programTue Nov 13, 2012
- If he paid a full fare for the second ticket, who cares what sits in the seat and gets mileage. It would be one thing if the instrument's ticket was discounted, but at full fare, he's due the mileage. If anything, the cello saves Delta money since it most likely weighs less than the average passenge …
Rossen Reports: Extreme identity thieves live as youThu Nov 8, 2012


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" Brand: Shiseido / Type: Cleansing Gel / Skin type: for dry skin and for all types / What it does: Cleanses / Product line: Shiseido The Skincare "
* Prices may differ from that shown
I have been given a bit bottles of samples (12ml each and the selling size is 200ml) of this cleansing gel as part of the free gifts of my purchase of other Shiseido products. Given that I had quite a few bottles of this product I had been able to try it for quite a few times.
The Product
The product, while named as a cleansing gel, is actually intended to be used as a make-up remover. It is of a gel texture which claims to absorb makeup, oil, and impurities while maintaining moisture in skin.
How to use it
I was advised by the beauty consultant that I should apply the product with dry hands and when the face is dry. What you then have to do is then put the gel in your hand, put it on your face and cleanse it gently with circular motions. Then rinse well. I find that you will need to use quite a large amount of gel in order to spread the gel evenly on the face and to make smooth circular motions. That is a minus because that means your gel will run out fast!
The result
The cleansing gel is very gentle and easy to use. I do not find any problems of irritation to the skin despite my skin being a sensitive one. However, I do find that it is too gentle and I will recommend that it be used for removing heavy make up. If you are having a heavy make-up, I will recommend using cleansing oil instead (and Bobbi Brown has a good one for this purpose). Besides, I will always use the cleansing foam as a followup step to ensure that my face is thoroughly cleaned.
Besides, it is useful to note that the cleansing gel is for the face only and Shiseido has a separate product for removing make up on the eyes and the lips.
The price
As said above, I did not purchase the item myself but a quick search on the internet shows that a 200ml bottle one is available at £31.50.
To sum up, I would say that this cleansing gel is a gentle one which is useful in removing simple make up on a daily basis. However, there are certainly some other products in the market (and may even be cheaper) which are more powerful in removing make up so I probably will not buy this product out of my own pocket.
A refreshing gel cleanser that effectively absorbs make up, oil and impurities while maintaining vital moisture in skin. Rinse away for a thoroughly cleansed, perfectly comfortable complexion. Its feather-light texture fully absorbs even waterproof make-up, then rinses away smoothly to leave your skin feeling refreshed. To use: Apply to wet face and massage using circular motions. Rinse off gently with water.


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The DreamsICle is derived from my favorite vintage IC based fuzz pedal. This sound has sold millions of records in the past, so I figured why change something that obviously works? This was sort of a pet project for me. Since I can't easily purchase these fuzzes any more, I figured I would make them available to the masses in a smaller, more durable enclosure. Also, the Tone Bypass switch has been changed from a toggle switch to a footswitch. This way you can use the Tone Bypass switch as a lead boost, if you want, since it will greatly increase your volume and return some of the mids that are scooped when the tone knob is active.
The Dreamsicle retails for $159.
See dealer list for where to buy.
(International buyers, please e-mail me at firstname.lastname@example.com to purchase.)
I think a demo of the sound says more than I ever could with words:


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For Dr. Phillips senior Angela Algee, nothing compares to the thrill of a race.
"When I dive in and see the girls [next to me], something clicks on," Algee said. "I have to beat the girl next to me, and I don't think about anything but beating [that] person."
Said Dr. Phillips coach Apryle Nickson: "I've never seen someone love to race as much as Angela. That was evident, even at practice."


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Pi, irrationally
Today is Pi (Π) day, although I think the real Pi day should wait until 3/14/15 9:26 AM. But that's just me.
There's a story that circulates every year about this time about a state that tried to make Π = 3. Most of the stories have the wrong state and the wrong value. As near as I can find, here is the actual story about Indiana's attempt to make Π = 3.2:
It happened in Indiana. Although the attempt to legislate pi was ultimately unsuccessful, it did come pretty close. In 1897 Representative T.I. Record of Posen county introduced House Bill #246 in the Indiana House of Representatives. The bill, based on the work of a physician and amateur mathematician named Edward J. Goodwin (Edwin in some accounts), suggests not one but three numbers for pi, among them 3.2, as we shall see. The punishment for unbelievers I have not been able to learn, but I place no credence in the rumor that you had to spend the rest of your natural life in Indiana.
Just as people today have a hard time accepting the idea that the speed of light is the speed limit of the universe, Goodwin and Record apparently couldn't handle the fact that pi was not a rational number. "Since the rule in present use [presumably pi equals 3.14159…] fails to work …, it should be discarded as wholly wanting and misleading in the practical applications," the bill declared. Instead, mathematically inclined Hoosiers could take their pick among the following formulae:
(1) The ratio of the diameter of a circle to its circumference is 5/4 to 4. In other words, pi equals 16/5 or 3.2
(2) The area of a circle equals the area of a square whose side is 1/4 the circumference of the circle. Working this out algebraically, we see that pi must be equal to 4.
(3) The ratio of the length of a 90 degree arc to the length of a segment connecting the arc's two endpoints is 8 to 7. This gives us pi equal to the square root of 2 x 16/7, or about 3.23.
There may have been other values for pi as well; the bill was so confusingly written that it's impossible to tell exactly what Goodwin was getting at. Mathematician David Singmaster says he found six different values in the bill, plus three more in Goodwin's other writings and comments, for a total of nine.
Lord knows how all this was supposedly to clarify pi or anything else, but as we shall see, they do things a little differently in Indiana. Bill #246 was initially sent to the Committee on Swamp Lands. The committee deliberated gravely on the question, decided it was not the appropriate body to consider such a measure and turned it over to the Committee on Education. The latter committee gave the bill a "pass" recommendation and sent it on to the full House, which approved it unanimously, 67 to 0.
In the state Senate, the bill was referred to the Committee on Temperance. (One begins to suspect it was silly season in the Indiana legislature at the time.) It passed first reading, but that's as far as it got. According to The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers, the bill "was held up before a second reading due to the intervention of C.A. Waldo, a professor of mathematics [at Purdue] who happened to be passing through." Waldo, describing the experience later, wrote, "A member [of the legislature] then showed the writer [i.e., Waldo] a copy of the bill just passed and asked him if he would like an introduction to the learned doctor, its author. He declined the courtesy with thanks, remarking that he was acquainted with as many crazy people as he cared to know."
The bill was postponed indefinitely and died a quiet death. According to a local newspaper, however, "Although the bill was not acted on favorably no one who spoke against it intimated that there was anything wrong with the theories it advances. All of the Senators who spoke on the bill admitted that they were ignorant of the merits of the proposition. It was simply regarded as not being a subject for legislation."
Here is another telling of the story, complete with the actual bill and pictures. We'll skip ahead to the appearance of Professor Clarence Abiathar Waldo, who was doing more than just "passing through" as the other version says (he was lobbying for the state university budget):
Professor Waldo had been an instructor of mathematics (and Latin) at several seminaries, institutes and colleges in the Midwest for more than 20 years. He had also been in administration, as a Registrar and Vice President at other institutions, which may explain why he had been given the task of keeping track of the University's appropriation. He was the author of a book titled Manual of Descriptive Geometry.2
He was astonished to find the General Assembly debating mathematical legislation. Naturally, he listened in. Naturally, he was horrified. He heard a Representative speak for the bill:
The case is perfectly simple. If we pass this bill which establishes a new and correct value of pi, the author offers our state without cost the use of his discovery and its free publication in our school textbooks, while everyone else must pay him a royalty.3
After the debate, a Representative offered to introduce him to Dr. Goodwin. Professor Waldo replied that he was already acquainted with as many crazy people as he cared to know.
That evening, Professor Waldo "coached" (as he put it) the Senators about the bill. Still, on February 11 the bill was introduced in the Senate and referred to the Committee on Temperance. With a speed we can only admire, the committee reported the bill favorably the next day, and sent it to the Senate floor for debate.4
This time its reception was different. According to the Indianapolis News report of February 13, quoted by Edington (p. 209),
…the bill was brought up and made fun of. The Senators made bad puns about it, ridiculed it and laughed over it. The fun lasted half an hour. Senator Hubbell said that it was not meet for the Senate, which was costing the State $250 a day, to waste its time in such frivolity. He said that in reading the leading newspapers of Chicago and the East, he found that the Indiana State Legislature had laid itself open to ridicule by the action already taken on the bill. He thought consideration of such a propostion was not dignified or worthy of the Senate. He moved the indefinite postponement of the bill, and the motion carried.
The Indianapolis Journal had Senator Hubbell saying that "the Senate might as well try to legislate water to run up hill as to establish mathematical truth by law."
If the "water run uphill" line sounds familiar, you probably read Robert Heinlein, whose character Lazarus Long in Time Enough for Love said, "If you pray hard enough, you can make water run uphill. How hard? Why, hard enough to make water run uphill, of course!" (Long also said, "Be wary of strong drink. It can make you shoot at tax collectors – and miss.") The reason I mention this is because Heinlein referenced the law in Stranger in a Strange Land, only said the law was to make Π = 3 and it took place in Tennessee. The problem with Heinlein fanatics (as opposed to fans like me) is that they tend to believe everything they read – ironically you could call them Heinlein fundamentalists. This has probably added to the confusion.
Speaking of fundamentalists, some claim the Bible incorrectly says Π = 3. For those of you that think so, atheists and fundamentalists alike, you might find this article by Elizabeth Stapel interesting.
"And he [Hiram] made a molten sea, ten cubits from the one rim to the other it was round all about, and…a line of thirty cubits did compass it round about….And it was an hand breadth thick…." — First Kings, chapter 7, verses 23 and 26
The bowl is said to have had a circumference of thirty cubits and a diameter of ten cubits. The diameter is said to be "from one rim to the other", so this would be the outer diameter; that is, the diameter of the outer mold used to make the bowl.
The circumference is not specified as being the inner or outer circumference, but since using the outer circumference would give us the "ideal" bowl (with no width or thickness), let's instead use the inner circumference, which also, reasonably, would have been the circumference of the mold used to form the inside of the bowl. That is, we will use the two measurements which were necessary for the casting of the piece.
Using eighteen inches for one cubit, we have the following:
outer diameter: 10 cubits, or 180 inches
outer radius: 5 cubits, or 90 inches
inner circumference: 30 cubits, or 540 inches
To find the "Jewish" or "Bible" value for pi, we need to have the inner radius. Once we have that value, we can plug it into the formula for the circumference and compare with the given circumference value of 540 inches.
Since the thickness of the bowl is given as one handsbreadth, then the inner radius must be:
90 – 4 = 86 inches
Let's do the calculations:
inner radius: 86 inches
inner circumference: 540 inches
The circumference formula is C = 2(pi)r, which gives us:
540 = 2(pi)(86)
540 = 172(pi)
Solving, we get pi = 540/172 = 135/43 = 3.1395348837…, or about 3.14.
(You'll want to read the entire article for the diagrams and the full story.)


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All information provided is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed and should be independently verified. The Austin Board of REALTORS®. ACTRIS and their affiliates provide the MLS and all content therein "AS IS" and without any warranty, express or implied. The information being provided is for consumers' personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing. Based on information from ACTRIS through the date and time shown below.
About Green Meadows
Green Meadows is a charming community located in the Buda area. The neighborhood features single or two story homes of modern design. There homes range in various sizes, floor plans, designs and available upgrades. Beginning with homes that offer two bedrooms, two baths and a two car garage and extend up to homes that offer 4 bedrooms, 2 .5 baths, optional study or formal area, game room and more upgrades. These are design options that will truly make this your home. Front porches and columns add an inviting appeal to the neighborhood.
Green Meadows Location and Schools
To find the community of Green Meadows take I-35 south to exit 220 in Buda. Turn left and crossover the overpass. Take a right on FM 2001, when you reach the "Y" in the road, stay right on what is Old Goforth Road. You will find the Green Meadows Community on the left. Buda has many neighborhood schools but Buda and other towns and communities are served by the Hays Consolidated ISD and the Del Valle ISD. Residents and buyers can contact either HCISD or DVISD to receive school information and to locate exact boundaries for neighborhoods.
Green Meadows Area Attractions
Green Meadows boast of several neighborhood parks to enjoy, playgrounds, basketball courts and a pavilion. Nearby is the city of Buda which offers residents a multitude of options for shopping, dining or entertainment choices along the I-35 corridor. A stroll of the historic buildings in downtown Buda offers a more relaxing feel to a day of shopping or a bite to eat. A trip in either direction on I-35 can take you to Austin or San Marcos for a wider range of opportunities.
Green Meadows Video


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Hospedaje Alicia offers accommodation in downtown Mendoza, only 8 blocks from the Main Square and 15 blocks from San Martin Park. The property offers free parking.
Rooms at Hospedaje Alicia are simple yet comfortable. They are equipped with air conditioning, heating, a TV and a private bathroom.
The property also features a restaurant and daily housekeeping services are included.
The hostel is 400 metres from Mendoza Terminal Bus Station, 1 km from Independencia Square and 8 km from El Plumer...illo Airport.
|Leandro N Alem 433


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Modern Chai Pendant in 14K Yellow Gold
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Modern Chai Pendant in 14K Yellow Gold
Express your pride of the Jewish faith and feel the link with your community all around the world by wearing this amazing contemporary Chai pendant! This yellow gold pendant has a bold edge circling the two Hebrew letters that form the word Chai or Life in English, one of the famous Jewish symbols.


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There is a rumor about the appearance of Galaxy Tab – the new Android Tablet from Samsung that would make its surface on this August (late Summer) 11th. This rumor has been strengthen by the special event that will be held at the mentioned date by Samsung. Lots of experts predicted that Samsung will at least make an official announcement for their Galaxy Tab Android Tablet and reveal more in depth details on this new tablet.
According to our source, The Samsung Galaxy Tab Android tablet will be coming with Google Android 2.1, powered by A8 1.2GHz CPU, get a good 16GB built-in storage plus a microSD card slot to expand the capacity to max 32GB. There is still unknown if this Samsung Galaxy Tab can compete with iPad or not. More info coming soon.
[via Unwired View]