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Sharp thinking: Nikon creates selectable strength low-pass filter
Nikon has patented a technology that can electronically adjust a camera's low-pass (AA) filter based on the situation. By using a liquid crystal panel, the AA filter can either be turned on and off, or set to 'normal' or 'high' intensity. The first design could allow for a digital SLR to have its AA filter turned off at the press of the button. The second design would have a mild anti-aliasing effect for stills, and a stronger effect to eliminate moiré in movies. The company suggests still more could be achieved by mounting two such filters back-to-back.
The patent claims the entirely electronic design means a two-mode low-pass filter can be implemented in a way that doesn't decrease the reliability or durability of the camera (rather than a mechanical system that switched different filters into place).
How it works:
The designs are essentially a development of the filters used in the D800 and D800E. The standard D800 has a low-pass filter that utilizes a property called birefringence - where a substance splits light depending on the light's polarization. The thickness of the filter defines how much the light is split, so the thickness of the filter can be tuned to match the sensor it's placed in front of (Blurring the light across the width of one pixel cuts out the high frequencies that would cause moiré).
The D800E features a second birefringent plate of the same thickness, set so that it re-combines the light split by the first plate - cancelling the effect.
|The latest design can be an extension of the system used in the D800E, but instead of having two birefringent plates that cancel each other out, there's an extra layer that can selectively combine or subtract their effects.
The Nikon patent inserts a liquid crystal layer between the two plates. A liquid crystal layer can be made to rotate the polarization of light or just let it pass straight through, depending on whether an electrical charge is applied to the layer. This ability to change the polarization of the light as it passes between two polarization-sensitive plates lets you decide whether the effects of the two plates is additive or subtractive.
In the simplest system described in the patent, the first layer separates the light before it hits the liquid crystal. With the liquid crystal turned off, the polarization of this split light is rotated through 90 degrees, causing the light to be recombined by a second birefringent plate. However, if the liquid crystal is turned on, it doesn't rotate the light, and the second filter exaggerates the splitting effect and increases the blur.
The result is a low-pass filter with two modes. In one instance you could have a filter that can either be turned on or off (offering a high-res mode if you're shooting landscapes or situations without repetitive patterns).
Design 1: AA filter on/off
Here, the liquid crystal is turned off meaning the light reaching the second plate is the opposite polarization from when it hit the first one - cancelling the two plates' effects.
This allows a single point of light to be focused on a single point on the sensor. This is the equivalent to having no low-pass filter.
[Photo credit: Japan Patent Office]
By turning on the liquid crystal, the polarization of the light is unchanged and the effect of the two plates is combined.
[Photo credit: Japan Patent Office]
Alternatively, you could design the filter with a stills mode (blurring light by the width of one pixel to avoid moire in full-res images), and a video mode that splits the light over a greater area (to prevent moiré at the much lower sampling frequencies used by video).
Design 2: AA filter normal/high
Here, the front birefringent element is thicker which, when the liquid crystal is off, has the same effect as a standard AA filter.
[Photo credit: Japan Patent Office]
With the liquid crystal on, light is split even further, providing a stronger AA effect ideal for video recording.
[Photo credit: Japan Patent Office]
Putting two such assemblies back-to-back would further expand the capabilities of such a system. These could include a camera with off, stills and video modes, or allow the horizontal and vertical filtering to be separately adjusted to take into account how the sensor is sub-sampled when shooting video.
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de-blurring an AA filter layer STACKING with two additional filter layers (LC-layer in middle; plus 2nd plate) behind it is NOT the same thing as removing an AA filter.
but closer to bringing 'in-camera' optically (compromised) what would otherwise be off-camera pp 'sharpening' digitally.
anyone, knows 'sharpening' is done in post, obviously after any image has passed any AA layer.
also, the worst thing to do is prematurely 'pre-sharpen' in-camera, except for camera systems with tinier sensors that come overly pre-sharpened even at the lowest sharpening settings (if available) like m43 systems are (no choice here)
Nikon ... triple layered stacked AA/de-AA ... no thx.
We don't need the AA filter. Now, Nikon, start thinking something useful, thanks.
They should design new DSLR's that don't need a filter/cancel filter in order to work. Just get rid of the AA filter.
Moire in video can be avoided without messing with the AA filter. A software solution is better than a physical one especially when the issue is caused by crappy software implementation in the first place.
so usually we can only readout half of the rows, just above 1080 from a 10MP sensor.
both D800 and 5D3 readout video at triple speed, D800 throws away 2/3 of rows while 5D3 bins 3 pairs of rows first to have better image quality (~1.6 stops). unfortunately it doesn't have the software at this stage.
Get away from Bayer sensors and you wouldn't have to use image degrading crap like that. The Foveon sensor and any sensor that works in a similar way is the future. Bayer is old technology. It's time to move on.
First of all, vendors don't "have to use image degrading" things like OLPF as there have been cameras without them for years and even Nikon's own D800E doesn't use traditional AA-filter technology.
Secondly, something like Fujifilm's X-Trans could be a good alternative to traditional Bayer sensors but Foveon simply does not perform well enough above base ISO so it's application is fairly limited for a professional digital camera.
"First of all, vendors don't "have to use image degrading" things like OLPF..."
They don't have to but they continue to do so for the vast majority of cameras. Putting aside the blur filter you still have the fact that a Bayer sensor produces image information through interpolation. Look at the finest detail from the 800e in a non-natural setting and you clearly see the limits of Bayer sensors. It's old technology, and lousy at that.
"Fujifilm's X-Trans could be a good alternative to traditional Bayer sensors but Foveon simply does not perform well enough above base ISO...."
The Foveon does fine up to ISO 400 delivering far more detail than you can get with a Bayer sensor. That Fuji sensor while better than the typical Bayer sensor is still intepolating image information. Side by side the Foveon sensor is still delivering far more detail than the Fuji.
It needs further improvement but the future of cameras sensors should be with a Foveon or Foveon like design.
A Bayer sensor works like our eyes. Foveon is pointless. Maybe you'd like to introduce some new problems...because Foveon brings a lot of problems. And for what? A little more sharpness? No, thanks.
> A Bayer sensor works like our eyes
pigmented layer = color filters:
that said, I'm still looking forward to seeing a "stacked sensor", universal sensel that can measure the color of each (or sampling on a portion of) incoming photons, maybe after we can have say 300M or more pixels (we are in absolute shortage of resolution now).
Perfect timing! I just bought the GH3 yesterday. Trying to find workarounds for the moire... :/
@VisualFX. You are wrong. X-trans has also moire, BUT lesser. ONLY cameras absolutely moire free are Sigmas.
X-trans has terrible aliasing, worse than Bayer sensors. Sigma sensors are prone to very strong aliasing, too. Most people however confuse aliasing with detail.
Just what we need; another metric to debate.
"The VAA on the Nikon is waaaay better than Canon's" or "Unless Canon gets some newer tech on their VAA I am jumping to Sony"
Well well, back in the early 1980's when I used to work in the camera trade (Tecno cameras) Paul Bird & I discussed the possibility of camera shutters being produced from LCD panels - so they could be switched on and off REALLY quickly - well 30 years later we have a sort of shutter arrangement via LCD - of course back then AA filters, sensors and digital were totally unknown...every idea has its day......
I'm not sure this is a truly useful exercise. One of its drawback is to reduce light transmission, as any polarizing filter does.
The future is probably something like this:
- increase the pixel density above the lens resolution (a low pass filter)
- filter digitally for lower resolution.
lens resolution is the bottom line for sensor resolution. we may want way more pixels for image qualities other resolution.
I think omission of LPF is no more than cost saving from maker's point of view (lower cost at lower quality that some users prefer) so this really looks weird to me.
There's no mention of polarizing filters.
Exactly, in an LCD, the incoming light's *polarization* either gets rotated by 90 degrees passing through the sample or not at all. An LCD *in a display* has a fixed polarizer as well (the Nikon system here doesn't) so that's when you get the light blocking associated in people's minds with LCD shutter - it's the combo of a fixed polarizer and an LCD.
Low pass filters already have two filters: the innovation seems to be allowing rotation of light in between them, to turn the low-pass fitering effect on and off, rather than having the second physically rotated relative to the first by an appropriate angle. Like what happens if you swap between a D800 and D800E: they differ by having the two filters in different relative orientation.
I think the description of D800 vs. D800E AA filters in the article isn't quite correct. Both have two layers, but the layers in the D800 are oriented at 90° so that they split light in one direction and then again in the other. (After all, if you only "blur" along one axis, you'll still get aliasing along the other.) The D800E has the layers at 180°, so they split and then recombine the image.
In the same way, the diagrams are incomplete (presumably for the sake of simplicity). They only show AA along one axis.
not needed at all.
I just need a fine tuned low pass filter to guard high frequency noise, not the fake resolution. but what I really need is more pixels say well over 100M.
a good example how stupid users can change the market though.
Fake resolution, lol!
I doubt somehow that they will be offering a service to put these into D800's somehow (as implied in this article), although I look forward to seeing this tech in future Nikon kit. They're for sure gonna need to have plenty of good new features to persuade me to upgrade my D800.
We didn't mean to imply this would be added to D800s. What gave you that impression?
I hear you man. As far as rumors tell us, IIRC Sony, Panny and Canon are all working on the true 3-color sensor designs. Yet, the overall sensitivity of the all the designs is simply unsatisfactory at the moment. IOW, it makes no business sense to bring to the market another sensor with all the quirks of the Foveon, including the poor mid/high ISO performance.
An ideal x3-type sensor without Foveon's color/noise/red_diffusion weaknesses, perhaps, but that still needs an AA filter for those who are sensitive to aliasing. Color moire is the most obvious, blunt artifact that anyone can see as if it were shoved in their face, but the less obvious effects of aliasing are still quite obvious to others, especially people who are naturals with math and music (so-called right-hemisphere types) who can clearly see the difference between, real analog detail where an edge or dot can can appear at any position or angle with equal acutance, and false detail that snaps to a pixel grid and emphasizes the presence of the pixel structure.
"the fact is no stacked senor can deliver good performance."
Nonsense. Foveon sensors are far superior to a Bayer sensor at lower ISOs. Look at an image from any of the current Sigma cameras right now and that is shockingly obvious. Not everyone needs to be shooting at ISO 800 and above.
"the less obvious effects of aliasing are still quite obvious to others, especially people who are naturals with math and music (so-called right-hemisphere types) who can clearly see the difference between, real analog detail where an edge or dot can can appear at any position or angle with equal acutance, and false detail that snaps to a pixel grid and emphasizes the presence of the pixel structure."
That's a bunch of nonsense. We are not dealing with VGA resolution.
Wow! We still have to see how this works in real life but kudos to Nikon for being innovative.
Keeping an inferior technology like Bayer sensors going is not my idea of being "innovative."
Unfortunately LCD panel is not perfectly transparent even when "open", robbing some light.
This is not an LCD panel, just LC. The polarization filter that blocks half of the light even when an LCD is on isn't a part of this design.
Well, then how much light do this thing rob?
We got some pretty good performance in sensors now. I might be willing to trade some light for this capability.
People were happy to lose 1/3 stop in the Sony cameras for the hybrid EVF or whatever it was called. The EVF was worth it to them. Would this thing cost even 1/3 stop?
It seems to me that variable AA can be done in software (firmware) via pre-de-Bayer color-specific Gaussian blur. Physical blurring can be very closely emulated in software. Software AA would slow down image processing and might noticeably decrease the burst rate, though turning it off would not interfere with RAW throughput.
It can't.
Well, once the moire is there, adding Gaussian blur does nothing to remove the false color. It just integrates it more smoothly into the image, which is not going to help much. An integrated moire reduction filter could be helpful, but I suspect that there is a reason why such filters tend to be implemented as "brushes" in order to allow the photographer to control quite precisely how much and exactly where to apply it ... so AA is still the way to go, for video especially ...
To clarify, once you've thrown away half or three quarters of the pixels that would make up a complete image for any given color, there is no way to restore the information. The point of an AA filter is to blur the image before it passes through the bayer filter, making each pixel work like one covering between two and four times the area (but without actually capturing two to four times the light).
"blurring the image before Bayer" does not preclude filter-specific software blurring. If the signal does not get to the pixel then whatever transform was applied (physical or algorithmic) is irrelevant.
It is interesting that the most useless and dismissive reply has been liked more than others. This forum seems to attract many shallow and useless "opinions".
I don't know if it's feasible but why not producing cameras without an AA filter and offer the possibilty to screw one in front of the lens when required ? At least for the pro-sumer and professional markets... A way to reduce the cost of every camera. Only users that need AA filter would buy one. Could remove the IR filter too and design screw-in AA/IR combo filters to use in lieu of the traditional UV or neutral protective filter. Which would make cameras suitable for IR photography too...
AA filters would have to be graded to suit different focal lengths to account for magnification. Also, they'd cost more due to the additional area required.
Having no IR filter would produce less sharp images since IR light focuses at a different point & isn't corrected for in normal lenses to the same extent. You'd need a filter on every lens, which again, would cost more (I don't use protective filters).
Thank you for your explanations. Does anyone know if, in current sensor designs, the AA filter and the IR filter are the same piece of glass or two different parts ? I know some people remove the IR filter, then add a filter in front of the lens to cut the visible light, for shooting IR photographs. But is the AA filter removed as well when doing so ?
Karroly the only still cameras that I know of that use a removable IR filter are all the Sigma dslr models. They also don't use AA, or more appropriately, blur filters. When you remove the lens on say a Sigma SD 1 the IR filter is right there at the opening and can be easily removed for IR photography and serves an even better function by preventing dust getting to your sensor.
Basalite, when the camera has no easily removable IR filter, I know people have taken the camera apart to remove it. Myself, I know how to do it on Canon PowerShot cameras (I collect and repair cameras, both analog and digital, for years. With PowerShot cameras that accept an adapter tube, you can then add a low-pass or high-pass (in term of wave length) filter, that are commercially available, to shoot IR or visible light). But you have to replace the built-in IR filter by a multicoated piece of glass with good optical quality, same thickness, same refraction index so it has no impact on focus and IQ. But I did not try to find one... Must find someone able to design a customized one...at a big cost. I think I will try to cut a piece of glass in a multicoated neutral protective filter one day...
Actually I found this on the Egami blog.
From all of reading I've done, the AA filter removal (either none at all or cancelling it out like Nikon) has turned out to be a lot of hype, at least for stills. The gains are quite minimal and only appear with the best lenses at a tiny aperture range (usually around f/5.6).
For video, it's probably more meaningful, but unless you use perfect technique (i.e. solid tripod, mirror lockup, cable release) and focus stack multiple f/5.6 exposures, I don't think you gain a whole lot.
Personally, I was hoping the hype was real, but it seems that more can be done by optimizing the AA filter (Canon 5D Mark II vs. III) than eliminating it or cancelling it out. This is an intriguing patent, however.
I feel the same way too. There are too many real world factors that are much more significant than the AA filter. The effects of AA filter is pretty much academic and marketing.
These talks on AA filter simply serve to distract people from focusing on other important but hard to quantify factors in a modern day camera, such as ergonomics and user interface.
I'm thinking that the D800 was not targeted at the fat wallet crowd, but rather at professionals who actually know how to wring every ounce of detail out of their cameras and lenses. So the fact that the D800 is good enough for most people who can actually afford it does not mitigate one iota the value of the D800E to those who could use the extra detail in their wall sized landscape prints.
Too bad for you you don't own a Nikon or a Leica or a Hasselblad or a Phase One or a Sony or A Pentax or a Fuji that can take an unblurred picture.
"Too bad for you you don't own a Nikon or a Leica or a Hasselblad or a Phase One or a Sony or A Pentax or a Fuji that can take an unblurred picture."
The best example of cameras taking "unblurred" pictures are the Sigmas. No AA filter and no interpolation of image detail.
If Nikon don't even believed what it created, why should the consumers buy the new idea?
"By using a liquid crystal panel, the AA filter can either be turned on and off, or set to 'normal' or 'high' intensity."
Can it be fully manipulated by consumers own feeling? You know, sometime some want it to be 59%, while another day same situation they want it to be 58.99% nothing less, nothing more kind of thing. Don't ask why, they just want that.
Specious argument. If they nail the three modes (off for landscapes, stills for fabric etc, video) then they have done more than enough to make hay with the feature.
For a photo-specific device, its best to just leave the AA filter out.. the only reason for this complexity is to accommodate the photo-video market, which I prefer not that they just leave out. i.e. for the D800e and upcoming 54mp D4x.. just market it as a photo taking device.
(a) Fabric and other challenges still make the D800 useful over the D800E on some shoots in the studio.
(b) Video is so prevalent that making a stills only camera is suicide.
So I think your argument falls flat in two ways.
The reason for the AA filter is to prevent/reduce aliasing, as explained by sampling theory.
A general comment: We all parse on each and every bit of news regarding which camera is "best", the weight vs. feature, will this change be useful, the new low pass, the next hi-tech change. I for one rarely print, had a darkroom back-in-the-day, photography was a full time gig, now I shoot, post, email and occasionally print. The changing, "newer-better" tech has little bearing. Am I alone in that95% of my work exist as digital? Do many of you print, frame or sell your work? Its been a strange trip from the time and patience it took to bring photos to perfection, jiggling trays to Instagram, where I can see some excellent work and post my own and get feedback in seconds. AA filters? Gold Awards? Pros and cons of RAW' It's hard to buy a truly bad camera these days, the differences are small, many lenses are made by the same manufacture, pocket size this, lens heavy that, other than full time working professionals, what does it matter to the 99% whose photos never leave the screen?
I find your comment intriguing. I just finished reading the article and my first thought was "what is left besides the photographer's eye?"
Once upon a time, when I processed Cibachromes although I preferred b/w, each print, which took hours to produce was for me a masterpiece. I worked hard at it. I manipulated colour, was precise in my camera exposure, or...played with the exposure to get the right effect.There is room for experimentation these days- but every now and then when I am asked to teach I wonder, how do you teach basics any more. Every digicam is a computer. Every computer can be improved upon. Images are better and easier than ever. I revel from time to time on how easy it is to capture a moment in time- still... the more we improve, the harder it is the claim an image as "our own" and not that of the digicam.
> the more we improve, the harder it is the claim an image as "our own" and not that of the digicam.
I think it is the opposite. These days, due to the vastly improved postprocessing tools, it is much easier to make the image into what your mind's eye saw, instead of having to accept the capture in the camera as the final product.
In the beginning there was the D800 for $3000. So Nikon stripped the AA filter and tge D800E was born. Because less is more, Nikon charges $3300 for the D800E. The next logical step would be a D800F with a configurable AA filter for $5000. E la nave va.
They didnt strip the AA filter out. Looks like you should read up on the topic before you post
Don't be too finicky!
I based myself on what Ken Rockwell said about the differences between the D800 and the D800E:
"The D800E is the same camera and has the same sensor as the D800, except that the D800E has its anti-aliasing filter removed. IR and UV rejection are the same."
The topic says that an additional birefringent plate is used to cancel the effect of the AA filter. For all effects it is like the AA filter was removed.
I wouldn't reference Ken Rockwell as a source of factual information but OTOH, I doubt it costs Nikon $200 more to make a D800E.
Frank, if you are using Rockwell as a resource, you have more problems then you realize. It is not being finicky. The AA structurecould not be removed because it would effect AF performance. It is a complex process that is far more than just stripping the AA filter out. Instead of trying to justify your misinformation....it's better to just gracefully bow out.
About Ken Rockwell and Nikon
I can believe KR and Nikon but always with a grain of salt. For example, when Nikon said the 200mm f/4 macro AI-S lens is spectacular, but KR says that suffers from strong color fringing (at macro distances!), I believe KR, not Nikon.
Back to the AA filter
>The AA structure could not be removed because it would effect AF performance. It is a complex process that is far more than just stripping the AA filter out
Completely wrong. The phase detection AF operation has nothing to with the AA filter. The AF system works independently of the sensor of the AA filter. Or saying better, the only thing that matters for the AF operation is the effective position of the sensor relative to the AF cells. If the AA filter is removed, the effective position of the sensor changes, of course, but this can be easily compensated by a recalibration of the sensor position. It is very simple operation in a production line, not a "complex process" as you said.
>The addition of the plate involves additional parts and labor... so Nikon charges more. What is wrong with that?
Nothing wrong if the additional parts and labor were really necessary. To understand the absurdity of the situation, imagine a car maker that charges more for a model without air conditioning system because the car maker says "additional labor is involved in the removal of the air conditioning system from the normal model". Nikon is acting like that car maker.
Frank, you have no idea what you are talking about. According to Nikon themselves, removing the low pass filter would effect the AF and thus they needed to keep it within the optical formula. I'm certain Nikon's engineers know more about this than you . The Imaging Resource test site confirms this from Nikon as well. now please, bow out.
Definitely, you don't understand the basics of phase-detection AF system. If you had a minimum knowledge, you would know that the PDAF doesn't use the AA filter! But, attention, there is a trap here! Removing the AA filter affects the AF, but only INDIRECTLY! since the optical path to the image sensor changes (the optical path is reduced as light travel fast in the air than in the filter media). The removal of the AA filter must be compensated in some way, for example, by shifting backwards the sensor. Depending on the thickness of the AA filter, a shift of only a fraction of one mm would be enough. Another solution could be the use of a ticker IR filter. However, Nikon is a lazy company, so they preferred the more expensive solution of adding a plate over the AA filter, and charge more for the D800E. The excuse to charge more? That the D800E has more resolution, and blah, blah, blah…
Of course, you are among the people who believe in all the lies Nikon tells about the D800E.
Frank...you are wrong...plain and simple. Now you're claiming Nikon engineers are stupid and dont kbow what tbey are doing I think it's pretty obvious that it's you who is clueless and not Nikon. Hilarious watching you fall over yoursrlf to argue.
Yay, when this technology trickles down to the dxxxx series, there will be no more complaints of soft pictures...
[[there will be no more complaints of soft pictures...]]
Thank you for that. I now have to clean coffee off my monitors. :)
Wow, this will bring Nikon to leadership position, hahaha. How about lower prices on the better stuff. At Nikon, every buton or hinge added, doubles the price.
Considering the D800 is cheaper than the 5D3....Canon must have a lot more hinges on their inferior camera.
Canon is nothing better here, so is Sony. They save in features to sell it cheaper. No motor drive on low end nikons, no tilting lcd screen on low end Sony's, and so on. If I compare all Nikon's, from 3200 to 7100, I find the same basic camera with different fetures and bodies. The sensor and on the end, the IQ are the same, but as I said, every button, every added feature, you pay for it in massive amount of money. Check the differences of D7100 compared to D3200, and then see if it is worth what you pay for them. A more sophisticated 51 point AF, a lens drive motor, a different less evolved body, weather sealed, but for that no tilting screen. Now, is it worth to pay 1200$ for the body while 3200 body is 400$. So, with what do you want to justify the 800$ difference. Producing the chips and that few added things is for me a difference of a 100$ and here I calculate high. And here, no matter what manufacturere it is.
Sony's better than A3200 will sell at least 250$ more too.
The manufacturers follow all a protective policy on cameras, prices are kept wide spread to justify 3 or 4 models with the same sensor, thus giving a camera to every budget, what is crappy system. Better produce one with all features and sell it at honnest prices. Look how Nikon keeps mirrorless high to advantage DSLR's, look their prices on FF to protect APS-C sales, while non of those cameras cost more in production than any other one. Sony comes slowly down to better pricing, what makes it affordable, Nikon sticks to high prices and is surprised of bad sales rates, so is Canon. We are worldwide in a crisis, money gets rare and people are not willed to pay those astonishing prices anymore, and here, even those who can easely afford it, don't want to pay that. So, is it not time to put the feet back on the ground. Now, tell me what difference you find in a shot made by a D3200 and D7100? There is none, it is the same sensor. The difference is 800$, that's all, if you consider IQ
Haven't electronically-controlled ND filters been used before in compact cameras in lieu of actual aperture blades to reduce diffraction? I remember hearing this. Of course, Nikon's proposed system is much more advanced.
I was going to mention this, but you've beaten me to it :) It would be nice to have a manually adjustable electronic ND filter built into the sensor. Something with a range of 1-3 stops would be good; 1-10 would be perfect.
If an electronically controlled ND filter could be used to reduce diffraction, it's only because it would allow the use of a wider aperture on very bright days. It's not a good general solution because when there's not a surplus of light, it would force the use of either slower shutter speeds that might produce blurring or higher ISOs producing noisier photos.
It seems to me that the use of such an ND filter (or a more traditional variable ND filter) is more about convenience, so you wouldn't need to carry multiple filters when you want to slow down the shutter speed. It sounds like it would be useful to have, but there may be issues that prevent it from being widely adopted, such as cost and/or reduced image quality compared to a similar camera that doesn't have that extra piece of glass.
It's nothing to do with neutral density or diffraction, it's to do with moire!
Couldn't they just take Panasonic's approach to video, scaling down the entire frame instead of line skipping? No moire at all on my GH2, and it's infinitely sharper and more detailed than my old D7000 and current D7100...
Good question! Scaling down the entire frame needs a much more powerful processor than line skipping. Nikon is a traditional optical company , so it doesn't have the expertise of Sony or Panasonic in electronics. As a proof of Nikon limitations, take a look at the video recording specs of Nikon cameras. Most Nikons cannot record 1080 60p, whereas almost all Sony and Panasonic can.
I hardly think the traditional optical companies, like Nikon and Olympus, make their own processors, or other electronic components. For example, Chipworks writes this about the Nikon EXPEED 3 processor in D5200:
"The big chip of note is Nikon EXPEED 3. It is a package-on-package configuration featuring Samsung K4B4G3146 4 Gb DDR3 DRAM on top. The EXPEED device is fabricated by Fujitsu and is a big piece of silicon at 8.7 mm x 9.4 mm."
It also has a microprocessor and image sensor by Toshiba, and other components by other companies.
Sony, Panasonic, Epson, Texas Instruments and others also supply components for other companies, so I hardly think the optical companies are limited with respect to the hardware available to them.
Two polarizers: how much light loss there is?
Sounds like a good idea which is really not needed. And even less in the future with ever sharper sensors.
I think AA filters don't make sense anymore. Just have small enough sensels to be past Nyquist for any lens and do analog/digital reduction in resolution. Easy. As I account for Bayer filters, a 5um sensel is at Nyquist for a lens resolving 50lppmm -- which few do corner-to-corner. 5um is just 14MP APS-C, or 36MP FF -- i.e., the D800. A little higher sensel count just makes the AA issue disappear.
The D7100 pixels are 3.9 um. That's the major reason it doesn't suffer from lack of an AA filter.
Interesting because if the pixel size on the D800 doesnt really need a AA filter allready then if the rumor about 54 meg it certainly wouldnt need ANY AA filter so why bother with a variable one at all? Unless there wont be a 54 meg camera at all but just another 36 meg one, humm?
If a sensor does video by sampling just some pixels, rather than reading all and combining, then a variable AA filter makes sense. Sony has been putting LOTS of readout channels on their sensors, but perhaps Nikon found a new sensor vendor that doesn't have sufficient bandwidth for full reads at video rates?
It seems to be nice but what about the weight would be that of the D800 or D700 .I prefer them a bit lighter as I can use more heavier sharper lenses. The lighter the better for travelling.
Do you really think you'll notice the weight of an AA filter?? It'll be less than the weight of a larger diameter lens cap!
Nigel I am not saying that the filter will effect the weight of the camera but the camera that will be introduced with this filter for eg D900 will be the same weight of th D800
Why Ivan, there is no reason to think that at all! Why not a mirrorless camera or point & shoot?
The image quality is not the same I ve got the v1 and it is not the same as the D700/800 Fx vs cx. I have back problem that's why I am very concern about the weight as the they reduced weight from D700to D800 and I wish that they either leave the same weight of the D800 or else make it lighter. Leica are far lighter. A friend of mine got it and it is clear and lighter but no af
What I was suggesting was that maybe Nikon will produce a large(er) sensor mirrorless one day in the future.
I've just switched from a Canon 6D to an EOS M for a similar reason (climbing mountains). There is a slight reduction in image size & resolution, but depth of field is better for my work. Overall, it's a better compromise for me. The lenses are the biggest difference where weight is concerned.
I wish the tech was able to actually adjust the strength of the AA filter.
Still, a very exciting development.
Unnecessary complication I guess; just one more thing that can break down and that costs extra money...right software can do same trick just fine and most people (who can afford such camera) probably already have it.
Actually, you want to quash moiré at the source ... software has no clue as to what image created the values on a given spot on the sensor. Of course, if you are diffraction limited, you no longer need an AA filter (you've effectively got one!)
Personally, I'd rather have it "in or out" selectable (flip up like the mirror?) than have several more layers in front of the sensor.
Outstanding. You'll be able to see all those oil spots on the sensor really clearly now. ;-)
Nikon, please also take away the mirror (and it's surrounding mechanism - that needs oil)... - and expensive.
Interesting to see who will be the first to present a full frame sensor mirrorless system camera (I don't count Leica, because of the prices!)
Sony is just behind the corner...
I'm not in the least sure that I understood the principle correctly, but wouldn't such a device, no matter to what specific setting it was configured in a specific moment of time, always somehow act like a polarizing filter screwed onto the lens, procducing more or less unnatural images?
sounds need in theory, but if Nikon needs as long as a D16-85 VR f4 to take this in production, the design is absolete before we can see it working in a actual real camera.
Soon the mirrorles cameras will take over.
A little more crispness in my D800 files would be a bonus but I can't help thinking that the effect of every additional translucent layer and surface placed between the subject and image is increasingly detrimental, especially to saturation and dynamic range.
Improved saturation, dynamic range and contrast have the effect of improving clarity and therefore also contribute to the impression of sharpness and resolution
James, as a recent D800 users but a long time Nikon user I've found that turning up the sharpening on my D800 to 5 results in a sharper image. However, it's a compromise, I must first process my images in either ViewNX2 or NX2 which I'm happy to do. On a personal experience level I find that shooting raw the file never appears overly sharp, just enough to make the difference.
Using Lightroom or another RAW converter I don't find the same output. With some other software applying sharpening later seems sometimes to create oddities which then require yet more time to correct.One thing I will say about D800 raw files, they're enormous. Couple that with a computer system not set up for speed added to software that's actually slow (NX2) and you're in it for the long haul! Me, I need a better speedier computer but still prefer processing my RAW files through Nikon software.
Stronger AA for reducing moiré in video???
This is as ridiculous as it gets. Take a lesson from the Panasonic GH2 and their like and do some serious binning instead of heavily subsampling the sensor. :P
Subsampling requires far more powerful hardware than currently available at, say, Nikon. For example, with the 41 Mpixel sensor of the Nokia 808, the bandwidth is some 1 Gbps.
No wonder very few cameras (GH2 to a certain degree, Nokia 808, Nokia Lumia 1020) use true subsampling when shooting video.
All in all, a configurable, video-friendly (that is, one that can be configured to be VERY strong) AA filter is definitely welcome.
Subsampling doesn NOT require more powerful hardware. Subsampling is a CONSEQUENCE of less powerful hardware otherwise Nikon would be using data from the whole sensor to create video frames and not reading one line out of every N (subsampling).
What the GH2 and other Panasonics do is bin pixels together before they are read out so that the bandwidth is reduced before the readout process starts. If you bin groups of 4 pixels you'll reduce the readout bandwidth by a factor of 4. You will also get a 2EV gain in PSNR and an order of magnitude less moiré.
That is the Panasonic advantage, and that's also why the GH2 trumps the likes of EOS 5D Mk n as far as detail is concerned.
Is it useful at all? As of today, a D800E resolution is very difficult to make out unless you use very expensive lenses.
I think the weakest link in the chain is the quality of not so expensive lenses.
this tech will make sense in a 10000$ camera for professionals who do big prints.
However, for the 2000-3000$ buyer this tech will be useless as most of them will not own lenses which can take advantage of no AA filter.
Unless lens tech advances so that quality comes at an affordable price, this is not so useful.
Come to think of it, 50 year old lenses have similar quality to todays lenses optically.
Neat idea... looking forward to see how it works under real life conditions...
Just one more reason to charge more $$$, we need sensors with more DR!
Greatly needed by the 12MP FF of years ago but not so much today. What baffles me are MF cameras that didn't have such filters especially with their bigger pixels and larger lenses. Anyway, still a good patent that might be useful.
Exactly - one of my biggest gripes of the 12MP sensor in my D700 was the heavy AA filter. Many times I would have loved to been able to turn it off completely. I really think this may be more focused on video applications with high MP sensors, but we'll see.
Nikon also has a patent on using a special lens element to act as an AA filter - I wonder what will happen to that technology.
call me a pessimist but it just sounds like something else to go wrong within a camera. Don't get me wrong it is an exciting and ground breaking development. i just keep thinking of all those old cars we see with hardly any electronics and the newer modern cars that are continually developing problems in their electrics.
On the other hand if we fear failures within evolution we would still be riding horses today.
True we need to evolve, i've just learn't never to buy a product as soon as its out let others find the flaws and problems.
Or not even that... the horses can die, bite, and kick you off...
I agree entirely with this statement.
One more thing to go wrong, more complexity within the optical path to degrade image quality, one more menu setting or switch on the camera to confuse you.
In the old days, you could pick up just about any film SLR and you would automatically know how to use it, you would know exactly what every lever and knob does. Camera manufacturers should concentrate on simplifying and making the controls more intuitive rather than piling on more features and settings.
Just my opinion.
Or the alternative view...in the old days, you didn't have the choice.
You can do the same with digital once you've set it to your liking. Just because you can adjust something, doesn't mean you have to.
A small but worthwhile evolution it would be.
Though i still don't see any need, by miles, to give my D800 more resolution as it is. What a beast :)
it's not about res, but extra sharpness, no ?
"it's not about res, but extra sharpness, no ?"
And also lack of moire / aliasing in videos - something DSRL's are suffering from ATM...
A novel approach but how log will we wait for this to come out ? And will it be just another one of those patents that Nikon has but we are yet to see anything of..?
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Rotolight has released the Anova Pro 2 circular LED for stills and video, boasting a 70% increase in brightness and what the company describes as "unrivaled battery performance."
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Future prosumer Canon DSLRs might feature light-up buttons, if this newly published patent is any indication of the camera company's plans.
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As the saying goes: A photo is worth a thousand words. And if you're sending that photo through Facebook Messenger, your thousand words now look twice as nice after today's update to 4K resolution.
Get to know the new Leica CL in short order by giving our 90 second 'First look' video a watch.
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While it shares a name with one of Leica's most popular and affordable cameras of the 1970s, the new CL is separated from its namesake by more than just years. We've been using one for a few days - click through for a detailed first-impressions report.
We're counting down our top 10 most popular sample galleries of 2017, and the #4 ranking goes to the Leica M10.
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Considering buying Sigma's exciting new 16mm F1.4 DC DN Contemporary lens for crop-sensor E-Mount and M43? Check out these official full-res samples first!


text:
Computer Network Resource Group
From Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
1206 W. Gregory Dr.
Urbana, IL 61801
The Computer and Network Resource Group facilitates computer usage at the IGB by providing personal assistance coupled with user instruction. We provide several FAQ (Frequently Asked Question) pages to help users address many common problems and questions.
For computer problems and questions: firstname.lastname@example.com
(For urgent problems call 217-333-4854, otherwise please contact us by e-mail if possible)
| About CNRG
| File Server
| IGB E-mail
| Desktop Backup
| Biocluster
| Video/Audio Conferencing
| Networking
| Calendar
| 607 Classroom
| Other Services
| Generic Guides
| Biotech
| UIUC/Technology Services
| Policies
| email@example.com
| Contact the facilities group regarding room scheduling or a facilities problem.
| email@example.com
| Contact CNRG regarding a computer question.
| firstname.lastname@example.com
| Notify business office about Pcard orders placed, or inquire about a PCard.
| email@example.com
| Purchase order information or status.
| firstname.lastname@example.com
| Ask questions about phone lines,the IGB network or request new network lines.

subset: commoncrawl


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Two players that have been near the top of the Jayhawks recruiting list are Kevin Short and Mario Alford.
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By Jerry Smith
September 20 - 22, 2013
Day One
The Beef Basin trip into southeast Utah had been planned for months. For many of the Grand Mesa Jeep Club members, this is a long way from home and into a very remote part of the world.
|Grand Mesa Jeep Club in Beef Basin
Beef Basin is one place I had never been to. Dave's past descriptions of the Jeeping and the area had not really turned me on about taking the trip… it sounded too boring to motivate me. WRONG!
Beef Basin is a trip everyone should have on his or her "bucket list". This is one of those "Sleeper" trips that will sneak up on you once you have committed to go. If you have any sense of adventure in you, Beef Basin is one well worth your effort.
Good maps of the Beef Basin area are somewhat difficult to come by. That should be one of the first things you want to acquire before going on this trip unless you have some good trip leaders. This is one remote piece of heaven.
Where Are We Going?
We (Happy Trails & I) left home with little knowledge of where we were going. Expecting to meet with other club members in Fruita, we were going to trust them to lead us… but we were an hour late. This might defeat many, but as Mary's description relates; the "Intrepid Explorer" in me only kicked into gear.
After fueling and a quick lunch in Moab, we headed south on Hwy 191 to Hwy 211 where we turned right. Now we were in totally new country to us.
The first significant site we came to was the famous "Newspaper Rock". Having seen many pictures of this and seeing a really full parking area kept us from stopping. Maybe a quick stop on the return trip?
Ahab and ClydeNot far up the road, looking at the skyline on one of the high mesas was one of those "land marks" that stood out. My often-twisted mind dubbed it; "Ahab, the Arab and Clyde the camel from Ray Stevens' song.
Ahab the Arab & Clyde the Camel
Reaching the Beef Basin turn-off is where the adventure really began. My memory of Dave's description made me think it would be only a few miles to where they would be camping. As we proceeded down the road, we took every turn-off that looked like it might have camping at the end.
Camping In The Mud
Soon we came to a hairpin turn marked with "camping" on a sign. Not far down that road we came to a creek crossing.
Recent rains had this crossing flowing with a little stream in what would normally be a dry wash. The near side was wet but firm and the far side appeared to be wet but a little deeper mud with a 1-foot vertical cut to climb.
No tracks were present through the mud, but the fact that there would be camping on the other side invited us to "try it".
Disaster awaits across this stream
A slick, soupy mud was well over the hubs on the front axle. The situation looked bad. Only sagebrush was ahead to run a winch line to and getting out to do it would mean walking in shoe sucking mud up to your knees. Poor options.
The soupy mud was very deep
After several attempts, gaining only an inch or two each attempt, we finally rocked it back into the stream. By then, the sides, mirrors, and windshield were covered in a thick, sloppy mud so several bottles of creek water were applied to make seeing out possible again.
After another few miles of finding no other campsites, we returned to the Hwy to wait for anyone else who might show-up late.
After about an hour, Chuck and Mary came around the corner. They had received a late email explaining that the roads ahead had been severely washed-out by recent rains, and camp was many miles up country in some unknown place.
The only saving grace was that Al and Harley were camped along the road and would have better directions to the main camp. Several miles later we were talking with them.
There Be Bears
Harley's stories of bear sightings and road washouts finally ended with directions to the main camp. By the time we would get to that oasis, it would be near or after dark had set upon us. So off we went at considerably above normal speeds.
After quite a while, we were miles from Al and Harley's camp and climbing a hill. We had been holding back some to allow the dust to settle or blow off the roadway. Visibility was tough enough with the dust, but we were heading into the low hanging, blinding sun too.
Rough Roads and Tires
Adding to that, the road had not been graded and there were hundreds of mostly small, but rough, cuts in the road surface from recent rain runoff. To say the road was rough might be like saying the Saw Tooth Mountains in Idaho appear a little jagged.
All of the sudden, coming down the hill ahead of me was a very unexpected sight. Chuck's 37" spare tire and wheel were rolling/bouncing down the hill straight at me at high speed.
After stopping, we started backing up to lesson the impending impact but at the last second, the tire took a sudden turn and rolled off the lower roadside off into the trees.
This is when a CB radio really comes in handy. I radioed ahead and soon we were winching the tire back up to the road and mounting it back on the Jeep. Chuck estimated that this was a $700+ saving and thanked me for saving the expense… like I did anything but just be there.
Camp At Last
Several miles down the trail, we finally came to the camp turn-off marked by a paper plate with "GMJC" written on it. With dark only minutes away, we began setting up camp right away. (Note to self… don't set up your tent on top of a windy knob ever again)
This is more like where to set-up a tent.
Beef Basin, S.E. Utah
By Jerry Smith
September 20 - 22, 2013
Day Two
The next morning we got, what for me would be, a very late start. Beef Basin was calling and offering a spectacular day of adventuring into the past.
Courtesy of the Anasazi, our day of "Jeeping" Beef Basin was like taking a trip back to what is believed to be between A.D. 100 to 1300. The roads aren't quite that old, but the sites we encountered were too interesting for mere words.
"Tower Ruin" shows how it got its name
It becomes very clear that the Anasazi were a very spiritual people. At nearly every site, there was a Kiva… a circular wall of stacked rocks where they conducted their ceremonials.
One of many Kivas we saw
These high walls have withstood time, weather, and…
The majority of these Beef Basin sites were not the usual "cliff dwellings" we all know. These were out in the open meadows and flat country between the cliffs. Farm country.
Farming wasn't a fun job
Most of these sites also showed that they were interested in their security. The majority of sites were built on high ground in easily defended areas with a great view of the surroundings.
They would have been able to see any enemies approaching for some time and would have been able to either move out quickly or defend the site depending on the circumstances.
"Farm House Ruin"
Not knowing what kind of weather patterns and other living predicaments they lived in at the time lead to several speculative offerings by our group. Water must have been much more plentiful back then as they were able to keep crops of corn and squashes alive and productive.
Note how the bottom of the doorway is more narrow
Currently, even with our technology, we would have a difficult time growing anything… much less a crop that would support many lives through a year.
A bull snake takes a threatening pose
Even so, it is believed that they carried and ladled precious water sparingly to each plant. Between assembling their homes and keeping crops alive, it was obvious that they were some extremely industrious people.
These presumably summer homes, were made by taking slabs of sandstone and stacking them without using any kind of mortar. They fit the stones together by overlapping them creating a wall that has weathered centuries of winds, rains, and likely earthquakes.
pieces of pottery can still be found
We spent the majority of the day walking off the road to different sites we could find. Some were evident from the partial roads and trails that led out to them. Others were not as evident and required a good eye to see through thick brush and trees.
While searching the area, we encountered some washouts that had damaged the roadway severely. The worst of it was dropping into Bobby's Hole.
Word has it, and the large signs confirmed it, that this is a very difficult section of road when it is in good condition.
Rough road ahead!
Today, it was not in good condition… depending on your point of view. Chuck and Mary lead the way down while all other vehicles waited at the top. Chuck wanted to try to reach the bottom but was overruled by Mary.
The road into Bobby's Hole was rough and loose
This wash was deep and wide
In my opinion, they were both right. I thought at least Chuck and Happy Trails could have made it down and back, but the rest of our group was likely out-classed.
Having walked down to assess the situation, this hill was presently in a class 7+ or even an 8 condition. To say it would be a challenge would be fairly understated.
One other wash we encountered was similar to what I had gotten stuck in yesterday. This one could have been bypassed, but would have required going off-road to do it, so we turned back.
Flooding damage was present all over. The roads had numerous water channels cut across them. Some were quite deep while others were just an inch or two deep.
We arrived back at camp a little before dark and enjoyed another fun campfire as the nearly full moon graced the sky.
One of the only "Cliff Dwellings" we encountered
A light rainbow in the distance
Beef Basin, S.E. Utah
By Jerry Smith
September 20 - 22, 2013
Day Three
Our second night in camp began with everyone going bed and all was calm. Some time during the night, a cold front came sneaking in and the wind began gusting in such a manner that my tent started squatting to near ground level.
Chuck dropping into Bobby's Hole
Then the rain began. The rain was thrust so hard against the sides of my tent; it came through the "water resistant" fly and tent material to apply to everything inside. What a rude awakening!
This was the third overnight trip in a row for some of the group, where taking down wet tents and gear was becoming the norm. Knowing that getting home meant only to set up camp for drying out purposes AGAIN dimmed the expectations of getting home to relax.
Harley dropping into the canyon above Bobby's Hole
After breaking camp, we proceeded back up the road toward the Highway. Along the way an opportunity to take a loop side road presented and we took advantage of it. This turned out to be a beautiful side trip.
The road/trail was just rough enough that it warranted low range for the extra control you get while driving a rough trail. It also provided some superb views of Wilderness Study Areas and their more "pristine" scenery.
Cody and some scenic country
Southern Utah has as much "pristine" scenery as about anywhere you will encounter. With all of the Wilderness, WSAs, National Parks, National Monuments, and other such areas, it is awash in "pristineness".
I'm not sure when the cut-off date is, but the clause in the Wilderness Act that states "untrammeled by man" doesn't seem to apply to the American Indians and their presence.
Four-legged creatures now inhabit the Anasazi dwellings
Every one of the several American Indians I have known or encountered appeared as much a man as the next guy.
Our "Heritage and Culture" are being eliminated
Why is it that we can overlook their heritage and cultural sites in regard to a designated Wilderness, but must take our historical roads and trails that were made during the opening of the great American western U.S. as a non-important national historical moment? Is not YOUR heritage and culture worth something?
Shouldn't OUR heritage and cultural sites (roads and trails) be protected as much as any other culture and/or heritage sites?
At one stop along this loop, the ladies wandered off the road and encountered some small-petrified wood samples lying around. This is just another interesting reason to explore this remote and beautiful region. You just don't know what you might find.
Not long after this stop, the skies opened the liquid spigot and the carwash began. But soon, the muddy road began slinging new mud to replace the old.
As we topped the 8000 ft.+ summit in the National Forest, the road surface was more that of a skating rink. Sideways slides and tires flinging soupy, slippery mud became the only way down. Watching the others when I could take my eyes off of my own predicaments was almost comical.
Now, the real worry was how much more the rain would be washing out the road down country? This could be serious.
Luckily, the lower the elevation we traveled, the better the conditions got. Soon we were traveling at 30+ MPH toward the 211 Hwy.
Coming to the intersection, we stopped to air-up tires. That's when Chuck discovered he had either lost his Warn winch control or it was misplaced in the fully loaded JKU back when the spare tire had been recovered by said winch.
Jerry's CO2 Powertank saved the day by giving enough pressure to bring his tires back to safe highway running pressures.
Our wishes came true again as we turned onto Hwy 191 toward Moab. The rain came down in torrents for miles and cleaned much of the remaining mud from our vehicles.
After a leisurely late lunch at the Moab Brewery, we loaded up for the trip home. Walking through the parking lot, the clouds broke just enough to see that the tops of the La Sal Mountains were a brilliant white with a fresh snow.
Over all, this was an extremely fun trip. Overwhelming scenery, historical sites galore, fun Jeeping, and good friends to share it all with. How do you top that?
Maybe we'll find out in two weeks when we explore the San Rafael Swell. You won't want to miss that trip!
In the mean time, always remember; when you come to a fork in the road, Take It!
Copyright Happy Trails 4wd 2013 All rights reserved.
Chuck turning around above Bobby's Hole
Al knows a lot about this country
Pottery piece found (and left behind)


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A woman who works with her hands is a LABORER; a woman who works with her hands and head, a CRAFTSMAN; but a woman who works with her hands, her head and her heart is an ARTIST. ~ Louis Nizer
Thursday, November 20, 2008
Sweet Sprinkles: Dollar Spot Alert!
The white CS is cut with a 1" circle punch, the larger Real Red or Garden Green mat is 1 1/4" punch. I tied a festive bow with one of the ribbon from the Gina K Pure Luxury assortment, put it in abasket with my cutters and some mix, and my gift is done! Great for a neighbor or family with kids to use all season long*! :)
*This same idea could be carried over to a decorating kit for Easter cookies, fall cookies etc just by selecting a different color or shaped sprinkles set... ;)
16 comments:
- Jami {sgtStamper} said...
Sooooo cute!! I miss Target in such a big way!!!!
hugs, Jami
- November 20, 2008 at 12:03 AM
- Mel M. M. McCarthy said...
What a brilliant way to put together a gift. This is the cutest thing ever. The labels are sweet sweet sweet! You must use 98.9 percent of your brain or at least 99.90 percent of the creative part of it! TOO cute! :O)
- November 20, 2008 at 1:44 AM
- Amy Johnson said...
What a cute idea! Your Target must be better than my target, I stopped in there twice, and really didn't find anything good. Oh well.
- November 20, 2008 at 7:05 AM
- Jessie/knightrone said...
So super cute..what a fabulous idea!!
- November 20, 2008 at 7:58 AM
- Allison said...
This is too cute! What a great gift idea or stocking stuffer.
- November 20, 2008 at 8:43 AM
- buggin2stamp said...
That is just too cute!! You are such a smart cookie!!
- November 20, 2008 at 11:26 AM
- Liz :) said...
I love the dollar spot and I got these same things last year, my cutters were lined with red and they had a full set of 15 of the mini cutters and they are sooo cute for sugar cookies!
- November 20, 2008 at 11:35 AM
- virgo5 said...
Oh that is so cool! what a great idea. I can't wait for my set to arrive!
- November 20, 2008 at 12:10 PM
- Anita said...
Thanks for the tip about Target. I had plan on making a couple cookie decorating sets.
- November 20, 2008 at 12:19 PM
- Missy said...
Awesome idea. I don't know when I will get to Target but I do love my Target dollar spots. TFS!!!
- November 20, 2008 at 2:14 PM
- Lee (LuvLee on SCS) said...
I lovvvvvvvvvvve it!!!!! I very occasionally do miss being able to shop when I want!!! LOL
- November 21, 2008 at 12:41 AM
- Theresa said...
What a great gift idea! How do you come up with all these amazing ideas? Love this.
- November 21, 2008 at 6:32 AM
Yea Mel, you are one smart cookie! Thanks so much for all the constant inspiration. You are amazing!!!
- November 21, 2008 at 10:16 AM
- Adela said...
Oh, Melanie. What would we girls do without Target! Your gift idea is so great! I must make time to go to my favorite hangout. Hey, I left a comment for you on my blog.
- November 21, 2008 at 4:25 PM
- Carolina said...
Adorable! So funny I just picked these up the other day along with some other fun cookie goodies...gotta love target!
- November 21, 2008 at 8:59 PM
- Sharon said...
This cookie looks so YUMMY...good enough to eat!
- January 11, 2009 at 6:03 PM


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We recommend upgrading to the latest Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, or Firefox.
If you are using IE 9 or later, make sure you turn off "Compatibility View".
Handpicked brands for you
12-time gold medalist @bobburnquist has confirmed that he will compete in both Skateboard Big Air and Big Air Doubles at #XGames Austin. (


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Clemente named Sporting boss
Struggling Sporting Gijon put former Spain coach Javier Clemente in charge on Monday in a bid to avoid relegation from La Liga. Clemente, 61, will be presented on Tuesday afternoon, the club said in a statement. He replaces Inaki Tejada who was promoted following the sacking of Manuel Preciado.
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Kim K Shows Off Nori
It's cuteness overload!
Amber Rose and Wiz Khalifa did a great job of shielding their 7-month old baby from the public! But now, Sebastian is ready to smiling debut in front of the world!
Amber posted a couple of cute baby pics on Instragram. (photos below)
Not to be outdone, Kim Kardashian did the same, as evidenced by the pics posted above!
Her and Kanye's gorge baby Nori got a little mug time on social media!
Amber Rose Introduces Sebastian


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- Math
- Arithmetic Resources
- Flash Cards
- Rounding/Estimation
- Rounding & Estimation Flash Cards
Rounding & Estimation Flash Cards
Large View | View Related Items
Product Description
Work on rounding and estimating using these fun and unique flash cards. Two levels of play: Level 1 requires students to round numbers to the millions and Level 2 consists of decimal numbers to the thousandths. Cards offer numbers to be rounded on one side of the card with answers on the reverse side. For an added bonus, students then have to use fun trivia facts to determine the best estimate of the rounded number. Deck of 179 cards (each 6-1/4" x 3-1/4"). Grade 3 and up.


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A Dallas County deputy constable faces a felony charge after being accused of assaulting a teenager with his baton while working off-duty security outside a nightclub.
Guadalupe Frias, 32, works in the Precinct 5 constable office, based in Oak Cliff. A grand jury indicted him this week on a single count of aggravated assault by a public servant in connection with the June 27 incident involving Inabinet Saddler, 17.
It was unclear late Friday whether Frias had turned himself in.
Saddler's family said his face was bloodied and fractured during the scuffle outside an Old East Dallas nightclub.
Witnesses say Frias, who was working security at The Mansion, hit Saddler in the head with a baton about 2 a.m. on a Sunday, knocking him to the ground. Saddler had been arguing with another man in a parking lot near the club on Pacific Avenue.
Frias initially told police that Saddler fell and hit his head when Frias tried to break up a fight between Saddler and another man. Frias later changed his account, police said.
Doctors told police that the injuries above Saddler's right eye were consistent with being hit with an object.
Saddler, who goes by the name "Lil Squeaky," said he had been rapping that night at the club. He said he never saw or spoke to Frias before he was struck. He said that he and the other man had been arguing about a girl but that it never got physical.
Dallas police investigated the criminal allegation while the Dallas County Sheriff's Department handled an internal investigation at the request of Constable Jaime Cortes.
Frias was among three deputy constables who signed a petition in February to have Cortes removed from office as the Precinct 5 constable. The case was dismissed when Cortes later resigned.


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The Enlightened Brain: The Neuroscience of Awakening, by Rick Hanson (7 CDs) Tricycle Magazine: Born in Nepal in 1975, Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche is the youngest son of the eminent meditation master Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, and received the same kind of rigorous training associated with previous generations of Tibetan adepts. In his new book, The Joy of Living (Harmony Books), Mingyur Rinpoche recounts how he used meditation to outgrow a childhood beset by fears and extreme panic attacks. From a very young age, he also displayed a keen interest in science; he has pursued this curiosity and how it relates to Buddhist …
Dubbed the "world's happiest man," best-selling author and master Buddhist teacher Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche was in Korea for the first time last weekend, offering his take on how to be happy.
The Tibetan monk participated in a groundbreaking study of brain activity in 2002, where scientists found that advanced meditation increases mental happiness.
What is happiness to him?
"My idea of happiness is an experience of calm, peace and joy which is non-dependent on outside circumstances," Rinpoche told The Korea Herald over a vegetarian lunch in Insa-dong, Seoul.
For 35-year-old Rinpoche — who is to go on a three-year retreat in May — solitary reflection develops inner happiness, unaffected by the stresses, temptations and complications … Read more »
The New York Times today has an article by Daniel Goleman, most famous for his work, Emotional Intelligence, but who has also been involved with His Holiness the Dalai Lama's Mind and Life conferences and with Dr. Richard Davidson's research into the effects of meditation on the brain. He writes about Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche, who has apparently been described as the happiest man in the world. Usually I've seen that title reserved for another meditator, Matthieu Ricard, but maybe there's been some kind of world championship laugh-off that I missed. Anyway, it's an interesting article, even if most of the information is about studies published some years ago.
… Read more »
I recently spent an evening


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"Early childhood inclusion embodies the values, policies, and practices that support the right of every infant and young child and his or her family, regardless of ability, to participate in a broad range of activities and contexts as full members of families, communities and society."
-Early Childhood Inclusion Position Statement, National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) and Division for Early Childhood (DEC)
Including ALL children means including children with diverse needs and abilities, this includes children with disabilities and developmental delays, children with complex health care needs, children learning a second language, children with challenging behaviors, and children with mental health concerns. IdahoSTARS supports the right of every young child to have access to quality child care with the necessary supports to fully participate in the child care setting.
Benefits of Inclusion
For child care providers, inclusion provides opportunities for:
- Developing an understanding of individual needs
- Learning to value and appreciate individual differences
- Growing in experience, skills, and confidence
- Discovering community resources
- Demonstrating equal opportunities and rights for all
- Building partnerships through collaboration
- Strengthening the professional reputation of child care professionals
Inclusion and the Law
According to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) child care programs are considered public facilities, therefore, all children and families should have equal access to child care. IdahoSTARS can support providers with making reasonable accommodations to their policies and practices to include children with disabilities and other diverse needs.
How to Support Inclusion
To best support inclusion, all child care providers are encouraged to:
- Attend training related to inclusion of children with diverse abilities (See the IdahoSTARS training calendar for opportunities)
- Connect families to resources and outside agencies as necessary
- Track children's development
- Participate in the Children with Diverse Abilities Standard of the Quality Rating and Improvement System


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In "Southbound on the Freeway," are we the guts, or the brains? do cars control us or do we control them?????????????????????
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You have correctly identified the central question in this poem. Do we control our cars or do they control us? But really, the question is about more than cars -- it is about whether we control our material possessions or whether they control us.
Many people (mostly intellectuals) would argue that we are controlled by our possessions. This has been going on at least since Henry David Thoreau posed a similar question in "Walden" around 150 years ago.
People who make this argument would say that we spend our whole lives working in order to get things that we really don't need. They would say that we are slaves to our cell phones, etc.
But you have to decide which argument resonates with you more. Do our material posessions help us or do they make us slaves to them?
south bound on the free way discuses a major topic "do we control cars or they control us?" the poet made us think what if a tourist from "orbit ville" came to our earth.
I think that we r the brains cuz we drive them they cant work without us although they play a big role in our lives


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Shillong, Mar 7: The ruling Congress today bagged nine of the 19 seats declared so far in Meghalaya as Chief Minister D D Lapang consolidated his chances of returning to the 60-member Assembly for another term. Mr Lapang retained his Nongpoh seat defeating UDP's Celestine Lyngdoh by 730 votes. NCP's chief ministerial candidate Purno A Sangma is also all set to take his party to the Assembly grabbing five of the seats declared so far. The former Lok Sabha Speaker wrested the Tura seat from Independent candidate Billykid A Sangma. Assembly Speaker Martin M Danggoo (Congress) retained the Langrin seat defeating UDP's K Lyngkhoi.
UDP's major winner so far was former deputy chief minister Donkupar Roy who bagged the Shella seat beating nearest rival Leston Wanswett of Congress by 939 votes. His party has bagged two more seats--Salmanpura, Jirang. Election to the 60-member Assembly was held on March 3. Polling in Baghmara seat in South Garo Hills was countermanded following the death of Congress MLA and candidate Sengran M Sangma. Polling would be held there on March 22, while counting will be held on March 24.


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To do this task
If necessary, go to the Lists menu and click Fixed Asset Item List.
Select the fixed asset item you want to mark as sold.
Click Item at the bottom of the list and click Edit Item.
Click the Item is sold checkbox.
(Optional) Click Item is inactive.
When you make a fixed asset item inactive, QuickBooks keeps the information
associated with it but hides it on the list and removes it from any drop-down
lists that use items. You can make an item active again at any time.
Enter the Sales Date.
Enter the Sales Price.
Enter any Sales Expense.
(Optional) Add any other information you want to record; for example, a note
about the sale in the Notes field.
Click OK.


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Iran Churches Forced to Ban Farsi-Speaking Members
Iran Churches Forced to Ban Farsi-Speaking Members
52 results for 'revolutionary guard'. Showing results 19 - 36
Iran Churches Forced to Ban Farsi-Speaking Members
Iranian TV Posts 'New' Footage of Drone Capture
Jailed U.S. Pastor Says He 'Will Hang' for His Faith
Iran Claims It Can 'Replace' EU Oil Customers
If Syria Falls, Who Gets the Chemical Weapons?
Iran Launches New Wave of Attacks on Christians
Stakelbeck on Terror | Inside Iran's Revolutionary Guard
Iranian Commander: US Wouldn't 'Dare' Attack Iran
UN Inspectors Want to Visit Iran Military Complex
Speculation Continues on Cause of Iran Blast
U.S. Formally Asks Iran to Return Drone Aircraft
Ex-Iranian Guard Leader Visits White House
A former CIA spy who was planted inside Iran's Revolutionary Guards tells CBN News what Iran's leaders really have...
On this week's special edition of Stakelbeck on Terror, CBN News goes inside Iran's fearsome Revolutionary Guard Corps with...
The leader of Hezbollah has declared America the enemy. Many Arabs and Muslims in America openly support Hezbollah.
As Israel and the U.S. seek to counter Hamas by arming the rival Fatah party, Hamas is imposing an...
Islamic Jihad may be driven by hate for Israel, but there's an element of respect as they train for war.
New evidence has emerged that the Iranian government sees the current unrest in the Middle East as a signal...


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Associate in Applied Science
Bachelor of Science
Program Overview
The Associate in Applied Science in Accounting will lay the groundwork for further education in Accounting or for other entry-level work in accounting or finance.
Accounting is an information system that provides reports about the economic activities and conditions of a business. The AAS degree prepares students with sufficient skills and knowledge to meet entrance requirements of most business organizations.
To become a Certified Public Accountant (CPA), you must meet an education requirement of 150 semester hours of college education, a work experience requirement, and pass the CPA exam.
Credits transfer easily into any of the Ferris @ SMC business bachelor's programs. Plus with the Ferris @ SMC program you can take three years of classes at SMC's low tuition and only one year at Ferris' tuition.
Associate Degree
Click here for program information about SMC's 2-year degree.
Bachelor's Degree
Click here for program information about the 4-year Ferris degree on SMC's campus
Job Outlook
Average job growth is expected for this field according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Average Salaries
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks: $34,000
Accountants: $61,000
Why Accounting at Southwestern Michigan College and Ferris State University


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It's becoming quite clear that the folks who designed the user interface for Google+ are quite brilliant. One of those people was Andy Hertzfeld, one of the original designers of the first Mac, so I'd hope so. One of the lesser-realized elements in the mobile app portion of the Google+ is the widget, a rather simple and super lovely looking 1×4 widget that sits on your desktop and gives you direct access to a share screen, your camera, your gallery for sharing already taken photos, or straight up entry into the Google+ application.
On the very left of this widget, which no matter what size you make it, remains one spot tall and four spots long, is the same G+ icon you've gotten used to by now if you've been using the Google+ mobile app which we've extensively reviewed and had a hands-on with here. This icon leads you directly into your Google+ app the same way your average Google+ shortcut does. Next is the Share bar – looking like a text entry location like you'd normally see in, say, a Google search widget (like you'll also see in the screenshot above,) tapping this area leads you into the share window in your Google+ app.
Next is the camera button that'll lead you right into your camera app – it's important to note here that this isn't your normal camera app, even though it does appear to be whatever camera application you've got set as default. This camera immediately moves into Google+ share window upon taking a photo and pressing "Save." Finally you've got a Gallery button. This button leads you into your Google+ photo gallery, allowing you to interact with your photos and further share them to your heart's delight!


text: I just went back through the last 30 years and I can only find one other instance where a team had a QB that led the league in passing yards, a WR that led the league in receiving yards, and a RB that led the league in rushing yards. This isn't in the same year, but at some time in their careers. Obviously we have that with Schaub, Andre, and Foster. The Colts with Manning, James, and Harrison are the only other team I can find in the past 30 years that can also say this. I realize the game isn't just about the stats, but it says something about how potent this offense could (should) be. Who knows, maybe next year we will also boast the sack and INT leaders.