text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 30, 2007
|Filing date
|Jun 10, 1999
|Priority date
|Jun 10, 1999
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Eng-Whatt Toh, Peng-Toh Sim
|Original Assignee
|Message Secure Corp.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (90), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (18), Classifications (21), Legal Events (15)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to cryptographic communications, and more particularly, to a system and method for simplifying the addressing of public key-encrypted communications.
2. Description of Background Art
In symmetric key cryptography, both the sender and receiver of a message use the same secret key. The sender uses the secret key to encrypt the message and the receiver uses the same secret key to decrypt the message. However, a difficulty arises when the sender and receiver attempt to agree on the secret key without anyone else finding out. For example, if the sender and receiver are in separate physical locations, they must trust a courier, a telephone system, or some other transmission medium to prevent the disclosure of the secret key. Anyone who overhears or intercepts the key in transit can later read, modify, and forge all messages encrypted or authenticated with that key. Thus, symmetric key encryption systems present a difficult problem of key management.
Public key cryptography was developed as a solution to the key management problem. In public key cryptography, two keys are used—a public key and a private key. The public key is published, while the private key is kept secret. Although the public and private keys are mathematically related, neither can be feasibly derived from the other.
To send a private message using public key cryptography, a message is encrypted using the recipient's public key, which is freely available, and decrypted using recipient's private key, which only the recipient knows. Thus, the need for the sender and recipient to share secret information is eliminated. A sender only needs to know the recipient's public key, and no private keys are ever transmitted or shared.
Public key cryptography has another advantage over symmetric key cryptography in the ability to create digital signatures. One of the significant problems in cryptography is determining whether an encrypted message was forged or modified during transmission. As noted above, if a symmetric key is lost or stolen, any person in possession of the key can create forged messages or modify legitimate messages.
Using public key cryptography, however, a sender can digitally "sign" a message using the sender's private key. Thereafter, the recipient uses the sender's public key to verify that the message was actually sent by the sender and was not modified during transmission. Thus, a recipient can be confident that a message was actually sent by a particular sender and was not modified during transmission.
Despite its many advantages, public key cryptography presents three basic difficulties. First, in order to send private messages, the sender must know beforehand the public key of the recipient. Conventional public key systems typically rely on a sender's locally-maintained address book of public keys. Thus, if the recipient's public key is not in the sender's address book, the sender must somehow contact the recipient by telephone or e-mail, for example, to request the recipient's public key. Such systems are cumbersome and inconvenient, and prevent widespread adoption and use of public key cryptography.
More fundamentally, another problem with public key cryptography is that a recipient must first have a public key in order to receive an encrypted message. Because the technology is relatively new, only a few users have currently obtained public keys. This fact, alone, represents a significant barrier to adoption because a sender cannot encrypt a message to the recipient until the recipient has completed the process of obtaining a public key.
Yet another problem with public key cryptography is the relatively ease for "spoofing" a public key. In other words, a first user may publish his public key in the name of a second user and thereby receive private communications intended for the second user. Various solutions, such as digital certificates and certificate authorities (CA's), have been proposed to address this problem, but are not relevant to present application.
Accordingly, what is needed is a system and method for securely transmitting an information package using public key cryptography in which the sender is not required to know the recipient's public key before the package is sent. Indeed, what is needed is a system and method for securely transmitting an information package using public key cryptography in which the recipient is not required to have a public key before the package is sent.
The present invention solves the foregoing problems by providing a system and method for securely transmitting an information package (10) to an addressee via a network (108). In accordance with the present invention, a directory (112) of public keys is checked to determine whether the addressee of the package (10) has a public key. If the addressee does not have a public key in the directory (112), the package (10) is encrypted with an escrow encryption key. Thereafter, the package (10) is stored in escrow for the addressee pending notification of, and acknowledgment by, the addressee. A notification, such as an e-mail message, is sent to the addressee of the package (10) in escrow. When the addressee acknowledges the notification, the addressee is issued new public and private keys. Thereafter, the addressee's new public key is added to the directory (112) such that future packages (10) to the addressee may be encrypted using the addressee's public key. Finally, the package (10) is transmitted to the addressee.
Additionally, in accordance with the present invention, a system (100) for securely transmitting an information package (10) to an addressee via a network (108) includes a directory interface (110) adapted to check a directory (112) to determine whether the addressee has a public key; an escrow key manager (116), coupled to the directory interface (110), adapted to provide an escrow encryption key for encrypting the package (10); an encryption module (114), coupled to the escrow key manager (116), adapted to encrypt the package (10) with the escrow encryption key; a computer-readable medium (118), coupled to the encryption module (114), adapted to store the package (10) in escrow for the addressee; a notification module (120), coupled to the computer-readable medium (118), adapted to send a notification to the addressee via the network (108); a key registration module (124), coupled to the notification module (120), adapted to issue, in response to the addressee acknowledging the notification, new public and private keys to the addressee; and a transmission module (122), coupled to the key registration module (124) and the computer-readable medium (118), adapted to transmit the package (10) to the addressee via the network (108).
Using the present invention, a sender is not required to know the addressee's public key before a package (10) is sent. Indeed, the addressee is not required to have a public key before the package (10) is sent. If the addressee does not currently have a public key, the addressee will be issued new public and private keys, and the public key will be stored for future reference such that subsequent private communications may be encrypted using the addressee's public key. Thus, the present invention removes significant barriers to adoption of public key cryptography, while increasing the security of private communications.
These and other more detailed and specific objects and features of the present invention are more fully disclosed in the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which
A preferred embodiment of the invention is now described with reference to the Figures, where like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements. Also in the Figures, the left most digit of each reference number corresponds to the Figure in which the reference number is first used. Referring now to
The principal components of the system 100 include a sending system 102, a server system 104, and a receiving system 106. The sending system 102 is coupled to the server system 104, and the server system 104 is coupled to the receiving system 106, via an "open" computer network 108, such as the Internet. Preferably, all transmissions over the network 108 are by a secure protocol, such as the Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (S/MIME) and/or the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).
The sending system 102 is used by a sender to securely transmit an information package 10 to at least one intended "recipient", who is interchangeably referred to herein as an "addressee". In one embodiment, the sending system 102 includes a directory interface 110 for communicating via the network 108 with an external public key directory 112. The directory 112 is a database of the public keys of registered addressees and may be selectively queried to determine the public key of each addressee of the information package 10. Preferably, the directory 112 may be queried using the addressee's e-mail address.
In one embodiment, the public key directory 112 is implemented using an existing online directory infrastructure provided, for example, by VeriSign, Inc. of Mountain View, Calif. In alternative embodiments, however, the directory is implemented using a conventional database system, such as one available from SyBase, Inc., of Emeryville, Calif., although other databases could be used without departing from the spirit of the invention. Preferably, the directory 112 is accessed by the directory interface 110 using the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP).
The sending system 102 also includes an encryption module 114 for encrypting information packages 10. The encryption module 114 is coupled to receive an escrow encryption key from an escrow key manager 116, as described in greater detail below. Preferably, the encryption module 114 uses a public key cryptosystem, available, for example, from RSA Data Security, Inc., of San Mateo, Calif. In alternative embodiments, however, a symmetric key algorithm, such as the Data Encryption Standard (DES), is used. Preferably, each encrypted package 10 conforms to the S/MIME standard, which is well known to those skilled in the art. In addition, key lengths of at least 128 bits (in the case of symmetric key cryptography) are preferably used to provide a high level of data security.
The escrow key manager 116 generates keys and/or provides stored keys for use in encrypting and decrypting information packages 10 to be stored in escrow. In one embodiment, the escrow key manager 116 is a process running on an separate escrow key management server (not shown), and the encryption module 114 communicates with the escrow key manager 116 via the network 108. Alternatively, the escrow key manager 112 is a functional unit contained within one or more of the sending system 102, the server system 104, or the receiving system 106.
The encryption module 114 is coupled via the network 108 to an escrow storage area 118 within the server system 104. In one embodiment, the escrow storage area 118 is a database for storing encrypted information packages and is managed, for example, by a SyBase database system. Once encrypted, an information package 10 is sent using a conventional protocol, such as the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), to be stored within the escrow storage area 118 pending notification and authentication of the addressee. In alternative embodiments, however, the escrow storage area 118 is contained within the sending system 102, and packages 10 are stored locally until an addressee is notified and properly authenticated.
The server system 104 additionally includes a notification module 120 for sending a notification of the package 10 to an addressee at the receiving system 106. In one embodiment, the notification is an e-mail message, and the notification module 120 is an e-mail server, such as the Microsoft Exchange� Server 5.5, available from Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash., although those skilled in the art will recognize that other notification systems and methods could be used within the scope of the present invention.
The server system 104 also includes a transmission module 122, the purpose of which is to transmit the package 10 from the escrow storage area 118 to a decryption module 126 in the receiving system 106. In one embodiment, the transmission module 122 is a standard Web server, such as the Windows NT� Server 4.0, available from Microsoft Corporation. Additionally, the decryption module 126 may be implemented using a standard Web browser, such as the Microsoft Internet Explorer�, with decryption logic being contained within a plug-in or Java applet. Those skilled in the art, however, will recognize that various other transmission systems and methods could be used without departing from the spirit of the invention. Preferably, communication between the transmission and decryption modules 122, 126 is by HTTP using SSL. Additionally, in one embodiment, the transmission module 122 is coupled to receive an addressee's public key from the directory 112 in order to authenticate the addressee, as described in greater detail below.
The notification module 120 is coupled via the network 108 to a key registration module 124 in the receiving system 106. The key registration module 124 is configured to issue new public and private keys to an addressee who does not currently have such keys, and is additionally configured to automatically add the addressee's new public key to the public key directory 112.
In one embodiment, the key registration module 124 is resident in the receiving system 106 before an information package 10 is sent by the sender. In an alternative embodiment, however, the notification module 120 is configured to send the key registration module 124 to the receiving system 106 as an attachment to an e-mail notification. In yet another embodiment, the e-mail notification includes a hyperlink, such as a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), which allows an addressee at a receiving system 106 to download the key registration module 124 using a conventional Web browser, such as the Netscape Communicator�, available from Netscape Communications Corporation of Mountain View, Calif.
As noted above, the receiving system 106 also includes a decryption module 126 for decrypting information packages 10. Like the encryption module 114, the decryption module 126 preferably uses a public key cryptosystem, available, for example, from RSA Data Security, Inc. However, in alternative embodiments, a symmetric key algorithm, such as the Data Encryption Standard (DES), may be used.
In one embodiment, the decryption module 126 is coupled to receive an escrow decryption key from the escrow key manager 116. Alternatively, the decryption module 126 is coupled to receive the addressee's private key from the key registration module 124. Using either the escrow decryption key or the private key, the decryption module 126 decrypts the information package 10 and provides the decrypted package 10 to the addressee.
Preferably, the systems 102, 104, and 106 described above, as well as the public key directory 112 and escrow key manager 116, are each implemented using conventional personal computers or workstations, such as IBM� PC-compatible personal computers or workstations available from Sun Microsystems of Mountain View, Calif. For example,
As illustrated in
An addressable memory 212, coupled to the CPU 202, stores software instructions to be executed by the CPU 202, and is implemented using a combination of standard memory devices, such as random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) devices. In one embodiment, the memory 212 stores a number of software objects or modules, including the directory interface 110 and encryption module 114 described above. Throughout this discussion, the foregoing modules are described as separate functional units, but those skilled in the art will recognize that the various modules may be combined and integrated into a single software application or device.
Referring now to
After the e-mail address is received, the sending system 102 searches 304 the public key directory 112 using the addressee's e-mail address to locate the public key of the addressee. As noted earlier, this is accomplished by means of a directory interface 110 in the sending system 102, which accesses the directory 112 using a standard protocol such as LDAP.
A determination 306 is then made whether the addressee's key was found in the directory 112. If the key was found, the package 10 is encrypted 308 by the encryption module 114 using the addressee's public key and is sent to the server system 104, where it is stored 310 as a "regular" package. The term "regular" is used to distinguish the package 10 from one being stored in "escrow" for an addressee who does not yet have a public key. In one embodiment, a separate storage area (not shown) in the server system 104 is provided for regular packages.
Next, the server system 104 notifies 312 the addressee about the package 10 being stored for the addressee. As noted earlier, this is done, in one embodiment, by the notification module 120, which uses an e-mail notification system. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that other notification systems and methods could be used without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, the receiving system 106 may include a notification client (not shown) which receives user datagram protocol (UDP) notifications from the notification module 120. Upon receipt of a UDP notification, the notification client generates a visual or audible desktop notification to the addressee, such as a blinking icon, a chime, a pop-up dialog box, or the like. Other forms of notification could include a voice notification via a voice synthesis module, a pager notification via a conventional pager, or a facsimile notification via a standard facsimile.
After the addressee receives 314 and acknowledges the notification, such as by a return e-mail message, the person claiming to be the addressee is authenticated 316 to determine whether that person is, in fact, the addressee. Those skilled in the art will recognize that there are many ways to authenticate an addressee. For example, passwords or the like could be used.
Public key cryptography, however, provides a convenient and highly secure way for authenticating an addressee. In one embodiment, the addressee encrypts a standard message using the addressee's private key and sends the encrypted message to the transmission module 122 in the server system 104. The transmission module 122 obtains the addressee's public key from the public key directory 112, and attempts to decrypt the message using the addressee's public key. If the message is successfully decrypted, the addressee is known to hold the private key corresponding to the public key in the directory 112 and is therefore authentic. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the above authentication steps may be performed automatically by a Web server and Web browser (or by custom software programs), with little active intervention required by the addressee.
After the addressee is properly authenticated, the transmission module 122 sends 318 the package 10 via the network 108 to the receiving system 106, and the receiving system 106 receives 320 the package from the server 104. Those skilled in the art will recognize that either "push" or "pull" mechanisms could be used within the scope of the present invention. Preferably, HTTP and SSL are used, although other standard protocols could also be used without departing from the spirit of the invention. When the package 10 is received, the decryption module 126 decrypts 322 the package 10 using the addressee's private key, and provides the decrypted package 10 to the addressee.
The foregoing discussion was in the context of the addressee's public key being found in the directory 112. However, a more difficult situation arises when the addressee's public key is not in the directory 112. Indeed, when the addressee does not yet have a public key, conventional public key systems are wholly unable to send encrypted messages to the addressee. This represents a serious shortcoming of prior systems. The present invention solves this problem by holding the addressee's package 10 in escrow, as described in greater detail below.
Returning to step 306, if the addressee's public key was not found in the directory 112, the escrow key manager 116 issues 324, for the package 10, an escrow encryption key and an escrow decryption key. The escrow encryption key is used for encrypting the package 10 prior to being stored in escrow, and the escrow decryption key is used for decrypting the package 10.
The escrow encryption/decryption keys should not be confused with the new public and private keys issued to the addressee, as described in step 336. If the escrow encryption/decryption keys were to be issued to the addressee, they would need to be transmitted to the addressee via the network 108, resulting in the same drawbacks as symmetric key cryptography. In public key cryptosystems, the addressee's private key should never be sent to the addressee. Thus, in accordance with the present invention, the addressee's private key is generated locally at the receiving computer 106, and only the addressee's public key is sent via the network 108 to the directory 112.
In one embodiment, the escrow encryption/decryption keys are asymmetric keys generated according to the RSA algorithm for key generation. Alternatively, the keys are symmetric keys. In yet another embodiment, the keys are stored, not generated, by the escrow key manager 116, and are either hard-coded into the escrow key manager 116 or are added and periodically updated by an external agent or process. In still another embodiment, the public escrow key is published in the directory 112, and the server system 104 keeps the private escrow key in a hardware device that protects it from tampering, providing the highest level of security against tampering with the escrow keys.
After the keys are issued, the encryption module 114 within the sending system 102 retrieves 326 the escrow encryption key, encrypts the package 10 using the escrow encryption key, and sends the encrypted package 10 to the server system 104. The package 10 is then stored 328 in the escrow storage area 118. As described hereafter, the server system 104 holds the package in escrow for the addressee until the addressee has properly registered and received new public and private keys.
As in the case of a regular package, the addressee is then notified 330 of the package 10 being stored in escrow and the need to register for public and private keys. In one embodiment, the notification is an e-mail message. Preferably, the notification message includes a copy of the key registration module 124 as an e-mail attachment. Preferably, the notification message including the key registration module 124 is digitally signed in order to verify the source of the message. In alternative embodiments, however, the notification includes a hyperlink, such as a URL, to permit the addressee to download the key registration module 124 from the server system 104 or another location.
After the addressee has received 332 and acknowledged the notification and has either extracted or downloaded the key registration module 124, the addressee uses the key registration module 124 to register 334 for new public and private keys. As noted above, these keys are not the same as those issued by the escrow key manager 116. Preferably, the new public and private keys are generated according to the RSA algorithm for key generation, and are issued locally at the receiving system 106.
In one embodiment, the registration process is similar to the procedure used by VeriSign, Inc. and other certificate authorities to issue certificates, and involves prompting the addressee for various personal data, including, for example, the addressee's name, address, telephone number, e-mail address, and the like. Those skilled in the art will recognize that various procedural safeguards may be used to increase the reliability of the data obtained from the addressee.
After the addressee has registered, the addressee's new public key is automatically transmitted via the network 108 and stored 335 in the public key directory 112. This is advantageous because a subsequent package 10 being sent to the same addressee will be encrypted using the addressee's public key, providing a higher degree of security since no escrow keys are involved.
Next, the addressee is authenticated 336 to determine whether the person claiming to be the addressee is, in fact, the addressee. As described previously with respect to step 316, authentication may involve encrypting a standard message at the receiving computer 106 using the addressee's private key, and decrypting the message at the server computer 102 using the addressee's public key as obtained from the directory 112.
After the addressee is authenticated, the transmission module 122 in the server system 104 sends 338 the package 10 of the authenticated addressee to the decryption module 126 in the receiving system 106. The decryption module 126 then decrypts 340 the package 10 and provides the decrypted package 10 to the addressee. As described below, this process may be done in a number of ways.
Referring now to
Referring now to
The above description is included to illustrate the operation of the preferred embodiments and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is to be limited only by the following claims. From the above discussion, many variations will be apparent to one skilled in the art that would yet be encompassed by the spirit and scope of the present invention.
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|Tia Walker
|Encryption system that dynamically locates keys
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|Electronically verified digital signature and document delivery system and method
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|Motorola Inc.
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|Jun 12, 1998
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|Method and apparatus for accessing and retrieving messages
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|British Telecommunications Plc
|Data communications
|"What's a VPN Anyway? A Virtual Private Networking Primer", VPNet Technologies, pp. 1-17.
|Herfert, M., "Security-Enhanced Mailing Lists" IEEE Network, IEEE Inc., New York, US, vol. 11, No. 3, May 1, 1997, pp. 30-33.
|Citing Patent
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|Microsoft Corporation
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 10, 1999
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text:
Hello all,
I tried to search online for something, but have come up blank so far. Has anyone done something on doing a poor man's slow cooker? I don't really want to buy a slow cooker cause they are mostly used for cooking meats, and the last thing me or probably anyone needs to do is eat more meat. I just have a few recipes that call for a slow cooker and would like to try them out. I'm thinking I could just cook in a regular pot and keep the temp or flame really low. Is it really that easy?
Another reason I don't want to pick up a slow cooker is I hate to buy stuff and it just accumulates! There's only one reason I would buy one and that's if it doubles as a rice cooker. Also it needs to be for 1-2 peeps.
Any ideas or words of advice will be greatly appreciated.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Ozzy and Sharon Back Together?
It looks like it!
Over the weekend Ozzy and Sharon hit the red carpet together. It was a welcome site considering it was rumored the two were heading for divorce. They were also spotted grabbing lunch before the event.
The divorce rumors started when it was reported that the couple were each living in separate houses. Ozzy took to Facebook in a very open message to his fans that he had 'relapsed into drinking and drugs' a year ago. He said he was working to get sober again and apologized for being 'an a$$hole to the people I love most, my family.'
Sharon opened up about Ozzy's drug use on 'The Talk.' In an emotional segment she said:
'I never knew he was using prescription drugs. I knew he was drinking occasionally but never knew the extent. We're not getting divorced. However, am I happy? No. Am I upset? Yes I am. I'm devastated right now.'
Ozzy and Sharon are together again in their Beverly Hills home.


text:
Promise rings are a beautiful reminder of a pledge. Whether your promise is to be true, to look forward to a future together, or to remain chaste, promise rings help you keep your word. Gemvara promise rings are made to order just for you in your choice of gems and precious metals to perfectly symbolize your pledge. Our wide selection of white gold emerald customer favorite promise rings means you can find a style that's perfect for you. Our promise rings are crafted in the finest materials. Emerald is the gem of love, fertility, and new beginnings. Style icons from Jacqueline Kennedy to Angelina Jolie love the dramatic statement of this vivid green gem. Gemvara's emerald has exceptional color and lasting value. In addition to being the May birthstone, emerald is the 20th anniversary gem and the 35th anniversary gem. Pale 14k white gold, is the most popular white gold alloy. Because gold is naturally yellow, white gold has palladium or nickel and silver to lighten its color. Gemvara also plates our white gold with rhodium, a platinum group metal, to make it a brighter white.
With a little care, promise rings will wear beautifully. Clean white gold emerald customer favorite promise rings in a bowl of water with a little mild dish soap. You can use a soft brush where dust collects. Gemvara's fine quality white gold emerald customer favorite promise rings are designed to be passed down for generations, hand-made by skilled craftspeople in the United States.
We can help right away. Chat with a jewelry expert now!


text:
Granada East Ham
281 Barking Road,
2 people favorited this theater
Located in the east London district of East Ham. Built on the site of the East Ham Empire Kinema (1914) which was demolished to build this new Granada Theatre. It was going to be a new cinema for the Denman (London) circuit (part of Gaumont British) who had operated the Empire Kinema, but Granada Theatres were also interested in the site and a deal was struck for them to operate the new cinema which was designed by Gaumont's house architect William E. Trent and the land was owned by Gaumont for many years.
It was the fourth largest Granada Theatre to open and was fully equipped to stage shows as well as films. It opened on 30th November 1936 with Sydney Howard in "Fame" and Al Jolson in "The Singing Kid". Seating was provided in stalls and balcony and the interior decoration was by Granada Theatre's interior designer Theodore Komisarjevsky.
It was closed by bomb damage on 29th July 1944 and remained closed for three months. The building was fully acquired by Granada in March 1965.
From 9th June 1974 it went on limited opening hours by closing on Mondays and Tuesdays and final closure as a full time cinema came on 9th November 1974 with David Essex in "That'll Be the Day" and Marc Bolan in "Born to Boogie".
Occasional live shows were presented and Bollywood films were shown on Sundays for just over a year, until it was converted into a Granada Bingo Club from 16th January 1976. From May 1991 it operated as a Gala Bingo Club until closing on 15th November 2014. Plans are proposed to convert it into a banquet hall.
Recent comments (view all 3 comments)
On a musical note; the Granada Theatre was equipped with a '190 Granada Special' Wurlitzer 3Manual/8Rank theatre organ with Grand Piano which was opened by Donald Thorne.
The Beatles appeared twice at the Granada Theatre in March and November 1963
Vintage photographs of the Granada, and its Wurlitzer organ console:
luckilly this Wurlitzer was saved and is now in a private home in Cannock
Just login to your account and subscribe to this theater


text:
Hi MayankSri,
This issue has already been fixed and will be available in the next update!
Thank you,
The Visual Studio Debugger
When you enter a variable/expression in the quickwatch window's expression text box, while debugging and press period, the intellisense lists out the members of that object. The problem - You can not select a member using the arrow key. Instead, if you press up and down arrow, the the value in the expression changes to the previous / next expression or blank, if no prev-next expressions are available. This is very annoying since you could select item from the intellisense list for years and people are used to it.
Please wait...


text:
Counting the Cost
June 12, 2006 16:30 | by Steve McGiffen
A warning that Poland and its neighbours are beginning to suffer critical labour shortages as a result of the outflow of mostly young, educated and often skilled workers to unskilled but better-paid jobs in Britain and western Europe.
THE United Left Group/Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL), the European Parliament's most progressive political formation, met in Prague recently to discuss the effects of last year's enlargement of the European Union. The GUE/NGL is, to some extent, a marriage of convenience, bringing together 41 MEPs from 16 political parties in 13 different countries and a number of - in some cases historically antagonistic - political traditions. Even their attitudes to the EU differ, with the Greek Synaspismos being the most "Europhile," the Swedish, Dutch and Danish parties solidly opposed and the rest at various points between the two.
Similarly with enlargement. Of the parties from the new member states represented in the GUE/NGL, the Cypriot AKEL was in favour of EU accession and the (Czech) Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia was against. Despite these differences, co-operation in the European Parliament continues for two reasons.
First, it is extremely difficult to work in the institution as an independent member. The GUE/NGL, recognising this, makes the obligations of membership as light as possible. It is a "confederal" group whose different components are free to take their own positions. Second, the group is not entirely a marriage of convenience, even if its 16 hearts rarely beat as one. GUE/NGL members, notwithstanding the illusions which some of them have in the possibility of reforming the EU, are the only MEPs who consistently and reliably stand up against the European Commission and its liberalising, deregulating, privatising feeding frenzy.
Interestingly, in recent years, divisions within the GUE/NGL on the question of the EU itself have ceased to have much practical significance. The group solidly opposed the planned European constitution, for example.
The discussion in Prague demonstrated that the range of attitudes to enlargement - from enthusiastic to hostile, though most parties stressed that it was up to the people of the applicant countries to decide for themselves - has effectively narrowed to the realisation that, whatever anyone may have thought beforehand, EU accession has brought few, if any, benefits to the people of the countries involved and many, many disadvantages.
As GUE/NGL chairman Francis Wurtz, of the French Communist Party, told the meeting, while the European Commission's recent report on the enlargement trumpeted the level of foreign direct investment in the new member states as a measure of success, it "said nothing about the nature of these investments nor their effects from the point of view of environmental or social criteria." Pointing to an overall unemployment rate of 15 per cent and average income levels which stand at only a quarter of those in the older member states, Wurtz noted that "the division between old and new members is growing. The only ones who are profiting are generally big corporations."
Erik Meijer, the Dutch member whose Socialist Party (SP) was the only parliamentary party to campaign for a No in the Netherlands' referendum on the 'constitution', drew attention to the problems which the enlargement was also causing in western Europe. Noting the "anxiety over cheap labour from the new member states," he said that the SP was "not against an open labour market," but that this would only be acceptable to Dutch workers if people from whatever country were employed "under conditions of equal pay for equal work."
From the new member states themselves, Czech MEP Miloslav Ransdorf said that "we were promised higher levels of investment, more employment and more prosperity. Not much of this has come to pass, while, on essential points such as the working time directive, we've gone backwards. Privatisation was a major factor in the loss of 750,000 jobs, while sanctions on agricultural overproduction meant that the country had become a net payer into the Common Agricultural Policy funds.
The effects of EU policies can only mean a continuation of mass migration from east to west as unemployment and low wages force people to look for a better life. The enrichment of British and other western European culture through immigration has long been among the most positive features of the country's and the region's life and the arrival of workers from central and eastern Europe will bring much to celebrate. As Erik Meijer pointed out in Prague, however, if such workers are brought in as cheap labour, their welcome will last only as long as the economy continues to be relatively healthy, which, in a capitalist system, can never be sustained for very long.
Moreover, while everyone should have the right to pursue a better life through migration, no-one should be forced to do so. Poland and its neighbours are beginning to suffer critical labour shortages as a result of the outflow of mostly young, reasonably educated and often skilled workers to unskilled but better-paid jobs in Britain and western Europe.
Only investment in the creation of worthwhile jobs in the new member states, jobs capable of directing people's talents and energy towards addressing social and environmental problems, coupled with measures to prevent the exploitation of migrant labour and the displacement of indigenous workers, can avert the multiple disasters to which the sudden, massive enlargement of the EU is leading.
These policies will not come from the European Commission, the unelected bureaucracy whose job is to serve the interests of big capital. Trade unions in the west need to get together with those in the new member states to organise co-ordinated pressure on their own governments to force a change of direction.
Steve McGiffen is spectrezine's editor. This article first appeared in the Morning Star on 22nd May


text:
Select recent paintings. Please inquire here for most recent works or a private studio visit.
Select recent prints.
Cut and printed from two pieces of wood from the Cedar Bar Phone booth. That's right, from the actual phone booth used by DeKooning and Pollock. A piece of historical treasure. You should buy this.
Edition of 30. Printed on Kitakata and Chine Colléd onto Rives BFK.
Print size: 26.75" x 15"
Twelve color Screen Print.
Woodcut with Chine Collé
Edition of 10.
Print Size: 12.5" x 10.5"
Select recent drawings.
Works date from 1989 to 2000.
Early prints.
Select drawings from 2000
In the collection of Gene and Anna Hicks
The poet, Todd Colby, and I have been longtime collaborators. The works here are a select representation of collaborative work from 1991-1999. Our collaborations are ongoing. Please contact me to learn about recent collaborative works.
The Action Adventure Series, written by Todd Colby, art by David Lantow.
The Action Adventure Series is a graphic novel in five parts. The series is about a day in the life of striptease artist Jackie Grease, whose aimless wanderings through New York take the reader on a surreal, philosophical journey about nothing in particular.
The novel was written and drawn over a period of six years, starting in 1995 and completed in 2001. A limited number of copies are still available.
A Story, written by Todd Colby, art by David Lantow.
A collaborative book of drawings with text by poet Todd Colby. Pen and Ink, 20 pages, 6" X 9", 1994.
As a book artist, I have limited edition handmade books exclusively available through my studio. Please contact me to arrange a private studio visit to view my artist books.
Sympathetic Detonations (excerpt)
At Arms Length (excerpt)
Trouble at Rio Grande (excerpt)
Incident at Foggy Creek (excerpt)
A Story. (excerpt)


text:
Man held over meat cleaver attack
A man has been arrested after a woman was attacked with a meat cleaver.
The 23-year-old woman was attacked in Duke Street, Bolton, at around 6pm on Friday after offering a man a lift.
A 33-year-old man has been arrested on suspicion of causing grievous bodily harm with intent and remains in police custody for questioning.
The woman was walking to her car at an Aldi car park in Bolton when she noticed a man on his phone who seemed lost. He asked her where he was and she helped him by giving the person he was speaking to on the phone their location.
As she got into her car, the man asked her for directions to the Ikon nightclub and she offered to give him a lift. She dropped him off on Duke Street, near the Salvation Army building, and the man thanked her and opened the car door as if to leave.
It was at this point he suddenly grabbed her handbag from the back seat. The woman tried to grab him as he made off and the man fell over. The victim then got out of her car and started wrestling with the man as she tried to retrieve her bag.
During the struggle, she was struck on her head several times. She screamed, the man ran off and she realised she was covered in blood.
The woman was taken to the Royal Bolton Hospital, where she was given 20 stitches. Police believe she was attacked with a meat cleaver.
Detective Inspector Andy Meeks, of Bolton CID, said: "This was a shocking and needless attack on a young woman who was being extremely generous to someone she thought was lost. It has left her with quite serious injuries and feeling terribly shaken."
Anyone with information is asked to call Bolton CID on 0161 856 5740 or Crimestoppers, anonymously, on 0800 555 111.


text:
Welcome to Lightholder.com, home of the Lightholder Production Studio, specialising in Photography services, Videography and Video-Editing, Graphic Design, Web Development and Internet Consulting. We are a small independant studio located in Athlone, the Midlands of Ireland. Below are a few highlights of the services we offer.
Lightholder Photography :: Music
Lightholder Photography :: Music features the music-specific freelance work of Lightholder Photography. Site include the archive of live gigs, music sessions, promotionsl shots and documentation of the music-scene around Athlone and the surrounding Midlands of Ireland.
Lightholder Videography
Lightholder Videography offers full service event documentation, professional video editing and DVD creation. This service covers any event from weddings, to family occassions and corporate or public events.
Lightholder Photography
Lightholder Photography is an on location, natural light photography service on a freelance basis around Ireland. Specialties include children's portraiture, landscapes, macros and event-documentation, as well as full post-production services in digital format.


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TORONTO - The Maple Leafs exorcised some major demons with their 6-5 shootout win on Thursday night.
Toronto had lost seven of their last nine at the Air Canada Centre prior to the win over the St. Louis Blues, and four straight at home. More than that, the Blues had not lost against the Leafs in their last 10 games, going 8-0-2 before Thursdays game.
Third-line centre Darryl Boyce continues to make a case for himself to remain with the Leafs more or less on a permanent basis.
The Summerside, P.E.I., native picked up his third point in four games since being called up from the Toronto Marlies and could have had a goal if not for a nice save by Jaroslav Halak in the first period. He also prevented a St. Louis goal early in the third when he wrapped up St. Louis centre Jay McClement in front of the Toronto net. McClement had an open net. Boyce ended the game a plus-2.
The ACC game operations people play that Brian Burke video with the Leafs general manager babbling on about the Toronto Marlies at least 85 times a game (ok, perhaps a bit of an exaggeration). Ok Brian, we believe you. The defence have to be strong, tough and smart. And the forwards have to skate back and think two passes ahead. We get it. As for the part about Every game being a tryout, how do you explain the play of Tomas Kaberle on Thursday night? He seemed to be in his own little world. He and defence partner Luke Schenn were caught napping on the Blues fifth goal in the third and again late in the game, allowing an Alex Steen breakaway. Hes got to play better ... if the Leafs are going to be able to trade his a-- ... Kaberle and Schenn ended up being a minus-1 in the game, but it could have been worse if not for some key saves by their goaltender Jonas Gustavsson.
Mississauga native Brad Boyes, the subject of trade rumours to Toronto earlier this season, certainly looked good in front of the Leafs management with two assists in the third. The rumour was Boyes and a prospect for Leafs forwards John Mitchell and Tyler Bozak. Bozak also played very well, scoring the winning goal in the shootout.
First-line centre Mikhail Grabovski continued his incredibly hot play, scoring his 10th goal in the past 13 games, and his 15th of the season, second on the team to Phil Kessel. He easily could have had a couple more, if not for a big save by Halak in the first and Ty Conklin in the second. He finished with a career high eight shots.
Gustavsson started for the first time in three games and his teammates left him hanging out to dry in the first period with both St. Louis goals in that frame the result of brutal giveaways in Torontos zone, first by Francois Beauchemin (Alex Steen) and then by Nikolai Kulemin (David Backes). The Blues fourth goal, in the third, a shot from the point by Eric Brewer, was also the result of a giveaway, though the Swede should have made the save on that one. But Gustavsson settled down nicely and made some major saves to guide the Leafs to the win, including a big save on Steen late in the game and a save on Patrik Berglund on the final attempt in the shootout.
That was important for him, that he dug in and got the job done, Leafs coach Ron Wilson said of Gustavsson.
This hasnt happened all that often in the NHL. When St. Louis coach Davis Payne pulled Halak out of the game for Conklin in the second, there were two Alaskans in the game, Conklin and Joey Crabb of the Leafs. Conklin was actually born in Phoenix, but raised in Anchorage ... Tough night for fourth line winger Fredrik Sjostrom who seemed to hurt his knee in the first period when his skate got caught a rut in the ice as he tried to hit a St. Louis defenceman, though he returned after a few minutes. He then got nailed into the boards in the second.


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Securities Watchdog Passes File on Leumi to State Prosecution
The Israel Securities Authority (ISA) has given its file on how Bank Leumi allegedly bought off "impartial" financial advisors to the State Prosecution.
The ISA investigation probed alleged pressure exerted by Leumi mutual fund companies Pia and Psagot on the bank's investment advisors to promote the companies' funds, instead of providing unbiased investment advice. Pia and Psagot allegedly gave the investment advisors special incentives - such as free vacations and short trips - to encourage them to market their funds above others.
The authority's attention was first roused last year when a new Psagot fund managed to raise NIS 1.7 billion from Leumi bank customers within one day. ISA head Moshe Terry summoned Leumi's senior executives, chairman Eitan Raff and CEO Galia Maor, to his office for questioning. However, even after this meeting, Leumi still managed to raise suspiciously large sums for others of its new mutual funds. At the end of 2004, ISA investigators raided the offices of Pia and Psagot, which manage more than NIS 20 billion in funds. Two weeks later, they also raided Bank Leumi offices in Nes Tziona.
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text:
AT&T Wireless is taking the digital music market mobile.
Company today becomes the first cell-phone carrier to launch an online musicstore over its cellular network. Users will be able to purchase songs via cell phone and download them later on a computer.
Although content-protection technology is not yet advanced enough to allow complete downloads to phones, company is pitching the store as a way for customers who might hear a song they want in any location to download it immediately, rather than hope they remember it when next in front of a computer.
Customers with advanced phones will be able to listen to 30-second clips before purchasing a track.
In addition, song purchases will be added to a cell-phone bill and don't require a separate credit card transaction.
It's being integrated with AT&T Wireless' music ID service, which lets customers hold a phone up to a song being played and, for 99¢, receive the name and artist. Service also will provide a link to purchase the song for download.
Like most online musicstores, the mobile service will offer more than 750,000 songs from all four major labels and dozens of independents. Tracks are priced at 99¢ each.
'Remote control'
"This isn't really a musicstore on a cell phone, but a portable remote control for a computer musicstore," explained Sam Hall, VP of mMode services for AT&T Wireless. "It lets you make a purchasing decision right when you're hearing music."
AT&T's mMode Music Store is being managed by digital media company Loudeye, which powers dozens of different online musicstores, and encoded with Microsoft's Windows Media copy protection.
Because the store uses Microsoft technology, it will work only on Windows Media-compatible portable devices, not Apple's iPod.
Hall added he's hoping to sign deals with other musicstores, including Apple iTunes, to make them available to his company's cellular customers.
AT&T Wireless agreed to be acquired by competitor Cingular earlier this year, but there are no plans to integrate the mMode Music Store with Cingular.


text:
Sanmae, Horsham
People of Horsham, we stand accused of lacking adventure and playing it too safe when it comes to dining out. The evidence is overwhelming. We love to go out in groups for a curry, yet tend to
disappoint by ordering three Kormas, two Tikka Masala and a Jalfrezi. We're equally conservative when it comes to Chinese food. Will it be the Sweet and Sour or Chow Mein?
At Sanmae in Springfield Road, Horsham, there is a dish called Unagi Rice, which is Japanese grilled eel on rice served with a sweet sauce. It's a popular dish in many cities, yet has not been ordered by a single customer in Horsham!
Melissa Li, manager of Sanmae, said: "There's so much choice on the menu here but I'm amazed that people are not willing to try new flavours. I thought if you were a new restaurant people would be more willing to explore the menu, but they still go for sweet and sour.
"I don't blame people for going for the same thing but I would encourage people to be a tad more adventurous! People do play it too safe. You'll be surprised by how many people try new things and love it. You're not going to miss your sweet and sour chicken for just one time! We don't expect people to try five new dishes, but it is good to try one new dish each time."
You may have already noted Melissa's surname and suspected a family connection with Mr Li's, the Chinese restaurant just a few doors along from Sanmae which has been run by Melissa's parents for more than 25 years. Melissa's upbringing meant she always had a passion for food and catering, but it was a brave decision by Melissa, as a single mother, to independently launch her own restaurant in September 2009.
The site had been vacant for more than six years since the closure of a cycle shop and required major renovation. It took two years between Melissa committing to the location and Sanmae opening, during which time East Street had suddenly established itself as Horsham's number one area for restaurants.
Melissa said: "I have found it difficult being at this end of town. East Street was not popular when I bought this place and there was no talk of anything new. "All these new restaurants, no matter what they serve, have an effect. There is a new Indian just around the corner, Ask is opening soon and there could be more. It's nice that we have a good selection of restaurants on Springfield Road but I do feel we are at a disadvantage here."
Sanmae decribes its menu as a "fusion of Asian flavours". There are dishes from China, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, a couple of Japanese dishes and Mongolian crispy lamb too. Melissa said: "I've tried to pick the best flavours and include some of the more popular flavours as well. We've changed the menu a little, and cut a lot of dishes that were not so popular.
"I think some of the tastes we offered before were a little too acquired and there was perhaps too much choice and variety in the cuisine. There were a lot of Asian herbs and spices that are popular in Vietnam or Thailand, but are really quite pungent. Some people simply smell it and decide it is not for them.
"If I could I would like to introduce Korean food here. When we first started we were going to go for a big Japanese theme but decided against that, purely as we didn't know if there was a market for it here in Horsham. It is a similar scenario for Korean food. I liked the idea of Asian fusion and offering dishes from across Asia. There are nights when you eat out and fancy a little bit of a mix and I wanted to cater for that."
For our meal review, we popped along to Sanmae on a Friday night, and found the place fairly busy with several couples and one large group. Firstly, we were struck by how clean and tidy the restaurant looked – tables were neatly arranged and the staff were chatty and welcoming. It's not perfection – one of the walls is decorated with flower shapes cut out from card.
It's a quirky touch and was no doubt a time-consuming exercise, but it doesn't look great when the glue wears off. We were then amazed by the size of the menu. There are nearly fifty main dishes, as well as thirteen chef specials and four curries (each served with either seafood , beef, scallops, king prawns, beef chicken, roast duck, Char Sui pork or Tofu), sixteen Vegetarian options and a lengthy list of rice and noodle dishes.
There are twenty five starter options, as well as six side salads and seven soups. Living up to the Asian Fusion billing, there is something for everybody, with dishes from Steam Sui Mai (steams pork and prawn dumplings) to Deep Fried Crab Claws. We opted for spiced ribs tossed with lemongrass and chillies (£5.50), sesame prawn toast (£3.90), Pandang chicken in leaf (£5.50) and deep fried shredded squid served with a sweet chilli dip (£5.50).
The spiced ribs (four ribs) in particular were delicious, with plenty of meat and a tangy sauce. The prawn toast was light and fluffy with a soft golden topping, and the crispy leaf gave the marinated chicken a good flavour. No complaints about the squid either (thin strips rather than chunky, crispy cuts) although you may want to request extra chilli dip if you like to drown your seafood.
Looking around, the food was delivered to other diners promptly, as it was to our table, with our main courses arriving as soon as the starters had been taken away. In some way defining the un-adventurous diner, we chose crispy chicken with Thai sauce (£7.80), crispy lamb served with honey and lemon sauce (£8.50) and roast duck with honey black pepper sauce (£8.80).
The best of the dishes was the roast duck off the chef's specials, nicely served on a sizzling hot plate, with a beautifully tangy sauce. The duck was neatly sliced, and tender, not dry and stringy as is often the case with Chinese restaurants. We're told that the Thai flambé sauce with
Cointreau is also well worth sampling from the hot plate options.
There was plenty of crispy chicken served, and the sauce was sweet and moreish, with the only slight let down being the lamb dish. We found the lamb stringy and lacking much substance, and the sauce too sweet and gloopy. We shared a large bowl of ginger rice, which was excellently flavoured with a light soya sauce.
You don't get too many Chinese or Oriental restaurants that are renowned for their dessert menu, and Sanmae is no different. But they do at least make their puddings to order, and the popular deep fried ice cream certainly makes for an entertaining talking point. It comes in a range of flavours including Bailey's Liqueur and Amaretto Crunch. The batter is light and soft rather than thick and crispy and it is really quite enjoyable. You may prefer to play it safe though and opt for one of Sanmae's newly introduced range of herbal teas, which include tropical fruit, natural mint and an organic green tea.
Next time we visit Sanmae, we'd like to take Melissa's advice and be more adventurous with our choices, perhaps limiting ourselves to the chef's specials. It seems rather a pointless experience to visit the restaurant and only choose the same tried and tested Chinese dishes, especially when the head chef is from Malaysia and there is such a variety of flavours available. Why not try the grilled Salmon fillet with Tipanyaki sauce? Or if you are a vegetarian, steer clear of the mixed vegetables and go for the sweet potato, butternut squash, red pepper and sweet miso.
Sanmae certainly has all the potential to become one of Horsham's most popular restaurants, but for that to happen it requires customers to be as enthusiastic about Asian food as the chefs. The staff are friendly, there is a warmth to the place and a determination to succeed, so a little adventure with the food could reap rewards.
So, who's going to try that grilled eel first?


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2013 Toyota Tundra SR5 TRD 4X4 for sale in NORTH CANTON OH
2013 Toyota Tundra Double Cab SR5 TRD 4X4
2013 Toyota Tundra SR5 TRD 4X4 4-Door Truck
Exterior Color: Black
Interior Color: Black
Stock Number: T3777
Mileage: 44,299
Engine: 5.7L V8 381hp 401ft. lbs.
Fuel: Gasoline
Transmission: Automatic
Drivetrain: 4 Wheel Drive
Title: Clear
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Sale Price: $27,964
Vehicle Description
You wanted the best well you found it! Only 44k original miles on this one of a kind Tundra SR5! Fully loaded with the TRD off road package, custom westin push bar, custom wheels, the powerful 5.7 G Force engine, fresh service and an impeccable Carfax! Stunning truck that will not last! Ask us about our spectacular financing and extended service contracts. We take trades and ship vehicles nationwide. Visit www.motionautosport.com for 60 detailed photos of this one of a kind truck. Call Brandon for more details at 330-526-8045
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Name: Tim Gasch
Main Phone: (330) 526-8045
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Vehicle Features & Options
Standard Features
Air Conditioning:
Air Filtration
Front Air Conditioning
Dual Front Air Conditioning Zones
Passenger Switch Airbag Deactivation
Dual Front Airbags
Dual Front Knee Airbags
Front Side Airbags
Front Side Curtain Airbags
Side-Curtain Airbag Rollover Sensor
Audio System:
Diversity Antenna
Jack Auxiliary Audio Input
MP3 Playback In-Dash CD
AM/FM Radio
Siriusxm Ready Satellite Radio
6 Total Speakers
4-Wheel ABS
Braking Assist
Electronic Brakeforce Distribution
13.9 Front Brake Diameter
Ventilated Disc Front Brake
Power Brakes
13.6 Rear Brake Diameter
Ventilated Disc Rear Brake
Comfort Features:
Carpet Floors
Urethane Steering Wheel Trim
Convenience Features:
Cruise Control
Front Cupholders
Keyless Entry Multi-Function Remote
1 One-Touch Windows
12V Rear Power Outlet(s)
Power Steering
Lockout Button Power Windows
Front Reading Lights
Steering Wheel Mounted Paddle Shifter Controls
Door Pockets
Part Time 4WD
Exterior Features:
Chrome Front Bumper Color
Chrome Surround Grille Color
Black Mirror Color
Chrome Rear Bumper Color
Lift Assist Tailgate
Tachometer Gauge
Multi-Function Display
Trip Odometer
Lamp Failure, Low Fuel, Engine Oil, Coolant Warnings and Reminders
Daytime Running Lights
Halogen Headlights
Rear Center Taillights
Power Side Mirror Adjustments
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Side Impact Door Beams Body Side Reinforcements
Child Safety Door Locks
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Safety Brake Pedal System
Driver Emergency Locking Retractors
3-Point Front Seatbelts
3-Point Rear Seatbelts
Front Seatbelt Force Limiters
Front Seatbelt Pretensioners
8 Driver Seat Manual Adjustments
Adjustable Front Headrests
40-20-40 Split Bench Front Seats
4 Passenger Seat Manual Adjustments
Adjustable Rear Headrests
Folds Up Rear Seat Folding
60-40 Split Bench Rear Seat
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Power Door Locks
Stability And Traction:
Stability Control
Traction Control
Trailer Stability Control
3.7 Turns Lock-To-Lock
Gas Front Shock
Coil Front Spring
Diameter 36 Mm Front Stabilizer Bar
Front Struts
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Gas Rear Shock
Leaf Rear Spring
Solid Live Axle Rear Suspension
Multi-Leaf Rear Suspension
Tires And Rims:
Underbody Spare Tire Mount Location
Full-Size Spare Tire Size
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Steel Wheels
Towing And Hauling:
Front Tow Hooks
Variable Intermittent Front Wipers
Power Windows
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Motion Autosport
Main Phone:
(330) 526-8045
Business Hours
|9:00 am - 8:00 pm
|9:00 am - 6:00 pm
|9:00 am - 6:00 pm
|9:00 am - 8:00 pm
|9:00 am - 6:00 pm
|9:00 am - 4:00 pm
7179 Sunset Strip Ave.
North Canton, OH 44720
North Canton, OH 44720