text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|16 May 2006
|Filing date
|4 Feb 2000
|Priority date
|6 Aug 1997
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Ronald Roscoe Bush
|Original Assignee
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (25), Non-Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (47), Classifications (26), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a Division of application Ser. No. 08/907,298, filed Aug. 6, 1997, abandoned.
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates in general to data encryption and in particular to securing data transfers over unsecured channels of communications. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to practical implementation of unbreakable data encryption through one-time use of pure random numbers.
2. Description of the Related Art
Sensitive data transfers are increasingly occurring over networks which are unsecured, such as the Internet or cellular telephone networks. By their nature, the medium by which data transfers are made in such networks must be openly accessible and/or shared, leaving transactions susceptible to interception. The only available alternative for securing data transfers over such networks thus becomes data encryption.
A variety of data encryption schemes have been developed and are implemented for data transfers over networks of the type described. For example, many data encoding schemes employ a reversible encryption algorithm modeled after the Data Encryption Standard (DES). Other data encoding schemes, used alone or in conjunction with DES, employ a combination of public and private keys to encrypt data, such as the Rivest-Shamir-Aldeman (RSA) encryption system used in many commercial software packages. These encoding schemes utilize pseudo-random numbers, or number sequences having a high degree of randomness.
The only encryption system currently recognized as being unconditionally secure is the "one-time pad," also known as a Vernam cipher, developed by Gilbert S. Vernam while working for AT&T in 1917. When properly implemented, the one-time pad encryption mechanism is generally recognized by cryptographic experts to be the only known unbreakable encoding scheme. Other encryption systems are considered cryptographically secure, meaning that the costs associated with breaking the code by pure mathematical methods and extensive computation are very high, although the code can theoretically be broken if enough computing power could be brought to bear. One-time pads are unconditionally secure, meaning that any amount of analysis and computing power is insufficient because there is no pattern in the data.
The two key characteristics of the one-time pad concept which must be adhered to for encryption with a one-time pad to be unconditionally secure are pure randomness and one-time use. Pure randomness is thought to occur in the timing of radioactive decay and in the arrival of cosmic background radiation. The present invention employs one or both of the above sources passed through a cryptographically strong one-way function as the source of random values. Furthermore, the present invention requires that the random sequences thus generated are never intentionally used in more than one embodiment.
Although recognized as being mathematically unbreakable, the one time pad is conventionally considered not to be commercially practical. The reason is principally convenience, since the security of the system requires that the contents of the one-time pad be known only to the proper encrypting and decrypting entities. This requires secure distribution of the one-time pads. Furthermore, the one-time pad, when properly employed, requires large amounts of pure random data for the encryption/decryption values which, by definition, may be used only once. Additionally, since the one-time pad contains only a finite number of random numbers for encryption, replacement of the one-time pad is inevitably required. Finally, the one-time pad encryption method is less ideally suited for encryption of long, variable length messages than alternative, less secure encryption schemes. For these reasons, one-time pads have not been employed up to this time in actual encryption systems for commercial applications, such as banking, cellular telephony, etc.
There do exist classes of problems, however, for which the one-time pad could provide unconditionally secure encryption on a commercial basis. It would be desirable, therefore, to provide a method and apparatus for employing one-time pads in commercial applications requiring encryption of data for transfer over unsecured networks. It would further be advantageous to provide an implementation of one-time pads which could be readily adapted to a variety of commercial data encryption requirements.
It is therefore one object of the present invention to provide an improved method and apparatus for data encryption.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved method and apparatus for securing data transfers over unsecured channels of communications.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide practical implementation of unbreakable data encryption through one-time use of pure random numbers.
The foregoing objects are achieved as is now described. Pure random numbers from a sheet within a one-time pad are employed to encrypt the bytes of a source data packet and to order the encrypted bytes in a random order within the encrypted data packet. Pure random numbers fill remaining positions within the encrypted data packet. The resulting encrypted data packet is unconditionally secure (i.e., unbreakable). Sheets within the one-time pad are utilized only once, and the one-time pad is replaced when exhausted. For electronic checking applications, the one-time pad is distributed to the user stored in an electronic checkbook, with a copy retained by the bank. For cellular telephone applications, the one-time pad is stored in a replaceable memory chip within the mobile unit with a copy retained at a single, secured central computer. For client-server applications or applications involving sales over the Internet, the one-time pad may be provided to the user on a floppy disk or CD-ROM, with a copy retained by the vendor.
The above as well as additional objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the following detailed written description.
The novel features believed characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objects and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
With reference now to the figures, and in particular with reference to
Referring to
Each individual number within string 202 has an associated array within array set 204. Each array 208 contains a non-repeating sequence of random numbers comprising a character map to be employed for the character in the respective position. For the sake of simplicity and clarity of explanation, the exemplary embodiment depicts only the mapping for numeric characters 0–9 and a delimiter ("*"). However, the mapping may easily be extended to include alphabetic or text characters merely by increasing the size of arrays 204. The arrays 204 essentially comprise encryption instructions for data packets not exceeding the length of position string 202.
The characters or values within a character map array 208 for a given position are randomly generated subject only to the constraint that the same value may not appear twice in a given array. However, the same value may appear many times within different arrays in array set 204. In fact, 128 different characters can be encoded in each byte comprising map array 208. While the exemplary embodiment depicts only numerals less than 100 in arrays 204, any set of 128 unique characters may be employed to form the character maps, including alphanumeric characters and special characters (colons, hyphens, dashes, quotation marks, punctuation, etc.).
The fact that only 128 different characters can be represented within any one byte of array 208 creates a limitation on the encryption of double byte based text that occurs in Asian languages. However, the present invention is likely to find its widest commercial use in short, fixed length, numeric related applications such as electronic checking, position reporting, and client-server authentication and verification. Since the present invention is not intended for widespread use in text encryption, the exemplary embodiment illustrates a single byte approach. However, those skilled in the art will quickly understand that the present invention can be extended to include double byte encoding.
As described, the character map values within each array 208 in array set 204 are random numbers, and the sequence of numbers in string 202 is randomly ordered. Two sources of "randomness" are thought to exist: the time period associated with electronic emission/decay for a single radioactive particle and the level of background radiation originating from space. Methods for generating pure random numbers are well-known in the art, and include measuring the random time intervals associated with radioactive decay or cosmic background radiation and passing these measurements through a one-way hash function. These methods may be employed in known manners for generating values for the character maps in arrays 204, for randomly ordering numbers within string 202, and for filling the unused bytes of the encrypted data packet.
Referring again to
One-time pad 102 may also include counter 106 identifying the next sheet 104 which may be utilized for encryption or decryption. Both the encrypting and decrypting entities are provided with identical copies of one-time pad 102 through a secure medium such as hand-delivery. As sheets 104 within one-time pad 102 are utilized, counter 106 is advanced to point to the next available sheet. When counter 106 contains a value exceeding the number of sheets 104 within one-time pad 102, one-time pad 102 is depleted and must be replaced.
The requirement that a given sheet 104 within one-time pad 102 be used only once and never be reused is critical. Reuse of sheets 104 within one-time pad 102 compromises the security of the resulting encrypted data packet. It is intended that data packets encrypted by the method provided in the present invention could be accompanied by the plain text of the source packet, and still be invulnerable to cryptographic attack. Reuse of sheets 104 would prohibit this level of unconditionally secure encryption.
With reference now to
Furthermore, the order in which the pure random numbers are used from sheet 104 within a specific one-time pad 102 can be varied depending on a particular customer or implementation. The same encoding/decoding software is simply placed in the one-time pad device and the decoding computer. This allows for further security through the ability to physically secure the one-time pad and the encoding/decoding software separately. The ability to separate responsibilities is one key method used in the prevention of theft by inside employees. In the exemplary embodiment, one particular pattern is followed for illustrative purposes.
The encrypted data packet 304 contains positions for the encrypted bytes of source data packet 302, with five hundred positions depicted in the exemplary embodiment. The value of the first numeral in the position string of a sheet in the one-time pad is utilized to determine the position of the first encrypted byte. Utilizing the example depicted in
When all bytes of source data packet 302 have been processed and an encryption value placed in the appropriate position of encrypted data packet 304, the remaining positions are filled. The remaining positions may be filled with pure random numbers from the sheet of the one-time pad being employed. The positions within the encrypted data packet 304 which do not contain values from the source data packet 302 are used for authentication, verification, and disinformation.
When expanded to include the full character set, the secure encryption mechanism of the present invention possesses the ability to randomly encode each byte of a source data packet in at least 128 different ways. Furthermore, any character of data may be placed in any of the positions within the encrypted data packet. Thus, each character of data may be encrypted in hundreds of thousands of different ways, depending on the length of the encrypted data packet, with each character entirely independent of any other character. There exists no pattern in either the encoding of a character or its position within an encrypted data packet, nor is there any pattern between distinct encrypted data packets. The encoding and position mappings are known only to entities possessing a copy of the one-time pad and knowing which sheet was employed for encryption. No human intervention is required for either the random number generation, encoding, or decoding processes. Once a sheet within the one-time pad has been used, that sheet is never intentionally used again, although theoretically the same sheet may be randomly generated again within another one-time pad.
The feature of randomly ordering encrypted byte within the encrypted data packet is not found in conventional one-time pads, which are simple look-up tables for each character or word placed in order in the encrypted message. Thus, the present invention provides greater security than conventional one-time pads. Furthermore, the starting location for the position string and arrays may be varied from one-time pad to one-time pad. For example, one one-time pad may begin with the fifth numeral in the position string, while another begins with the fifty-third numeral.
It should be noted that the "arrays" described above are simple constructs used for convenience in describing the invention. Other methods of employing random numbers to encrypt the source data may be employed instead of or in addition to character maps, including XORing the bits of a random number with the bits of the character or word being encrypted.
Referring to
The process next passes to step 406, which depicts reading a position indicator from the positions string, and then to step 408, which illustrates reading the next character to be encrypted from the source data packet. The process passes next to step 410, which depicts looking up the character to be encrypted in the character map associated with the position identified by the position indicator. The process then passes to step 412, which illustrates placing the encrypted character associated in the character map with the character read from the source data packet in the position designated by the position indicator read from the position string.
The process then passes to step 414, which depicts a determination of whether the entire source data packet has been encrypted. If not, the process returns to step 406 for encryption of additional characters from the source data packet as described above. If so, however, the process proceeds to step 414, which illustrates filling the remaining positions in the encrypted data packet. As described above, the remaining positions may be filled with information encrypted with pure random numbers for authentication, verification, or disinformation purposes.
Once the entire encrypted data packet is filled, the process passes to step 416, which depicts the process becoming idle until another data packet requires encryption. The data packet encrypted by the process described may be securely transmitted over unsecured networks without danger of being compromised.
With reference now to
The process next passes to step 506, which depicts reading the first (or next) position in the position string within the one-time pad sheet, and then to step 508, which illustrates reading the encrypted character at the position within the encrypted data packet designated by the position indicator read. The process passes next to step 510, which depicts looking up the encrypted character in the character map associated with the designated position to determine the decoded character. The process then passes to step 512, which illustrates placing the decoded character in the next available position within the decoded data packet.
The process then passes to step 514, which depicts a determination of whether the encrypted data packet has been completely decoded. This determination may be made, for example, based on whether an expected number of characters have been decoded from the encrypted data packet, or on whether a stop character and expected fill characters have been encountered. If further decoding is required, the process returns to step 506 for decryption of additional characters within the encrypted data packet.
A determination of whether the decode was successful may simply involve checking the decoded data packet for a stop character, checking for a known number of characters to be decoded, or may involve looking for an expected authentication or verification character sequence ("watermark" or "signature") within the decoded data packet. When the message has been decoded, the fill characters are checked for authentication and verification purposes.
If the decode was not successful, the process may optionally proceed to step 518, which illustrates adjusting the one-time pad employed in the decryption process in an attempt to resynchronize the one-time pads employed by the transmitting and receiving entities. This may be achieved, for example, by adjusting the counter value to compensate for the receiving entity being behind the transmitting entity, the most likely source of error in synchronization. If the counter was incremented in the last decryption attempt, the decrypting process may simply be attempted again.
To avoid the potential for synchronization errors in utilizing sheets within the one-time pad, an alternative procedure is to have the decryption process check the fill characters in adjacent sheets for authentication and verification purposes prior to decoding.
Referring again to step 516, if the data packet was successfully decoded, the process proceeds instead to step 520, which depicts the process becoming idle until decryption of a received data packet is once again required.
Referring to
An electronic checkbook 614 is capable of being selectively attached to receiving device 602. The term "electronic checkbook" is used herein to refer to a collection of fixed length randomly encoded data packets, regardless of the medium in which such packets are held, together with the instructions for encrypting. Similarly, the term "electronic check" is used herein to refer to a single fixed length randomly encoded data packet encrypted utilizing the corresponding sheet from a one-time pad. Each electronic check within an electronic checkbook is utilized only once.
The electronic checks generated by electronic checkbook 614 would contain, in an encrypted data packet, information such as the amount, the payee's account number, and the customer's signature. The signature may comprise a simple password, or may be a fingerprint, retina scan, or any other positive means of identification. The number of bytes required to encode a check's confidential information should be on the order of 100 bytes, although each electronic check may be on the order of a few hundred bytes with the unused bytes filled with additional characters as described above.
When an individual first becomes a customer of a bank, or reorders checks, the bank supplies the customer with electronic checkbook 614, with bank routing and account identification associated with the electronic checks. Electronic checkbook 614 may include a reorder form for automatic reorder when the number of remaining checks falls below a certain number. The customer may select a password or personal identification number (PIN), i.e., signature, to be associated with the electronic checks as is currently done for automated teller machine (ATM) access.
The collection of data packets comprising electronic checkbook 614 are contained within a suitable form of electronic memory encased in a hard case or other suitable durable means of protecting the memory. The electronic checkbook 614 may be a simple memory device such as a type of Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) card capable of being inserted into receiving device 602. Receiving device 602 may thus be equipped with a keyboard and display (not shown) for user interaction and the capability of reading electronic checks from electronic checkbook 614, encrypting transaction information utilizing the associated sheet from a one time pad, and transmitting the encrypted data packet for the transaction while deleting the one-time pad sheet from any local or internal memory in receiving device 602. For additional security, the encryption could occur only within the PCMCIA card. However, this method allows for the possibility of the checkbook owner's password being compromised, which is not the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Alternatively, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, electronic checkbook 614 could be a relatively simple device allowing for write-only transmission of encrypted data packets. That is, no capability to read its contents would exist. A small keyboard, a small display, and a single port would be required, with electronic checkbook 614 inserted into receiving device 602 when preparing to write an electronic check. Receiving device 602 may be located at the merchant's place of business or be connected to a customer's computer for transactions over the Internet. The payee and the amount could be automatically provided by receiving device 602, with the customer entering a password and pressing a write button when the correct payee and amount are displayed. The electronic check would then be written to receiving device 602, which would transmit the electronic check to server 604 for processing.
As still another alternative, electronic checkbook 614 may be downloaded into a device possessed by the customer, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA). Electronic checkbook 614 could be downloaded to the customer's PDA at the time the account is opened, with checks replenished without human interaction at ATM's modified to include a port for this purpose. Therefore, check replenishment would be readily available 24 hours a day.
Server 604 located at the customer's bank is connected to a storage device 616 containing the other copy of the one-time pad utilized to encrypt the confidential information within the electronic check and an authorized check list associating electronic checks with sheets of the one-time pad. The electronic checking environment may also include a second server 618 located at the payee's bank connected to Internet 608 by communications link 620, and a third server 622 located at a clearinghouse connected to Internet 608 via communications link 624. In this manner, the electronic checks may be passed among all entities concerned via Internet 608 without generating any paper.
By encrypting the electronic checks using a one-time pad in accordance with the present invention, the plain text of at least a portion of the encrypted message—such as the amount, the payee, etc.—may accompany the encrypted electronic check and the encrypted data would still be invulnerable to cryptographic attack. Knowledge of a portion of the message encrypted, even if accompanied by knowledge of the ordering of these portions within the source message, is of no benefit in attempting to break the encrypted message. Thus, authentication and verification codes required to validate the electronic check would remain encrypted in an unbreakable manner.
An additional level of security may be introduced by varying the starting location used for the position string between electronic checkbooks (i.e, starting with the seventh random number in the string in one electronic checkbook while starting with the thirty first random number in a different electronic checkbook). The responsiblity for generating the random numbers for the one-time pad may thus be separated from the responsibility for selecting a starting location within the position string and arrays to be employed by a particular one-time pad, increasing the difficulty of employee theft of the information. An electronic checkbook may be manufactured and filled with one-time sheets by one entity, and programmed with a randomly selected starting location within the position string by a different entity.
With reference now to
Payor's bank 706 is the only place where the electronic check can be decoded. When payor's bank 706 receives the electronic check, payor's bank 706 decodes the electronic check, verifies and authenticates the check, checks the balance of the payor's account, freezes the amount indicated in the electronic check within the payor's account, and electronically forwards the electronic check, with the appended payee account information, to clearinghouse 710 together with a coded authorization for payment of the indicated amount to the payee.
At the same time, when payee's bank 708 receives the check, payee's bank 708 marks the payee's account as pending receipt of a deposit and forwards the check to clearinghouse 710. Clearinghouse 710 compares the two (encrypted) electronic checks received from payor's bank 706 and payee's bank 708. If they match, clearinghouse subtracts the indicated amount from the clearing account of payor's bank 706, adds the indicated amount to the clearing account of payee's bank 708, notifies payor's bank 706 that the electronic check has been settled, and notifies payee's bank 708 that the electronic check has been settled with the indicated amount placed in the clearing account of payee's bank 708.
On receipt of the notice from clearinghouse 710, payor's bank 706 subtracts the indicated amount from the payor's account, removes the electronic check from the payor's authorized check list, and notifies the payor 702 that the check has been settled. The payor's electronic checkbook may then remove the used electronic check from the set of available electronic checks. Meanwhile, on receipt of the notice from clearinghouse 710, payee's bank 708 adjusts the payee's account by the indicated amount and notifies payee 704 that the check has been settled.
At this point, the transaction is complete. The elapsed time for the transaction could be very short. Bottlenecks will occur primarily from limited bandwidth at the retail counter and within the Internet. Bandwidth problems at the retail counter may be alleviated by using parallel receiving devices.
Use of electronic checks over the Internet, directly from a customer's home, would operate in a similar fashion. However, the customer must send a copy of the electronic check to the merchant. Moreover, a number of additional features could be added to the electronic checking system, such as the ability to directly deposit electronic checks to and/or through the customer's electronic checkbook.
The electronic checking environment of the present invention would allow the current, paper-based checking system to be electronically emulated, while providing greater security than that available in the current paper process. The ease of understanding and heightened security will facilitate earlier and faster adoption of electronic checking. The current clearinghouse function will persist in an electronic form, and current banking laws, regulations, and procedures may be applied. The present invention also allows paper checks and electronic checks to coexist during a transition period to pure (or majority) electronic banking.
Referring to
Global transponder 802 includes processor 804 connected to memory 806. The connection may be in the form of a system bus 808, which is also connected to an external port 810 for programming or communication with other devices. Processor 804 is also connected to cellular modem 812, which is connected in turn to antenna 814. Processor 804 and antenna 814 are also both connected to global positioning system (GPS) chip set 816. Such GPS chip sets are available from a number of commercial sources. GPS chip set 816 preferably returns GPS fix data in the NMEA-0183 ASCII RS232 format. Sensors 818 and switches 820 connected to processor 804 provide sources of data and control, respectively, for global transponder 802.
Global transponder 802 automatically returns a data packet in response to a cellular phone call from a central computer (not shown). The content of the data packet that is returned varies depending on the content of the request packet originating from the central computer. In general, the data packet returned will include GPS latitude and longitude information, and may also include sensor data and/or information regarding the object to which global transponder 802 is attached.
When a cellular phone call is received, modem 812 automatically answers and receives the request packet, transmitting the request packet to processor 804. Processor 804 examines the request packet and determines what response packet should be sent. GPS fix data from GPS chip set 816 is stored in memory 806, as is data from sensors 818. Processor 804 extracts the appropriate information from memory 806 for the response packet, forwarding the response packet to modem 812 for transmission. Although the latitude and longitude may be transmitted in approximately 20 digits, the data packets returned may be any fixed length. The data packets could easily be a few hundred bytes long and still be transmitted, in burst mode, in a very short time interval (on the order of one second).
There are times when the data packets returned by global transponder 802 must be protected, as in the case of a downed military pilot. Therefore, the one-time pad of the present invention may be employed to encrypt the data packet. A portion of memory 806 may be a microchip containing the one-time pad. When the latitude/longitude of global transponder 802 is required, the central computer dials cellular phone number of global transponder 802 and transmits a request packet comprised of a previously determined pattern of random characters. Processor 804 compares the pattern in the request packet to patterns associated with valid sheets of the one-time pad, copies of which are only in global transponder 802 and the central computer.
If processor 804 fails to identify a match with patterns associated with the one-time pad, then global transponder 802 simply terminates the cellular telephone connection without returning a data packet. Global transponder 802 may also record the date and time of the attempted contact. On the other hand, if a match to the pattern in the request packet is determined, processor 804 generates a data packet containing the latitude and longitude encrypted using the sheet of the one-time pad which is associated with the pattern from the request packet. This data packet is then returned to the requesting entity (i.e., the central computer).
Upon receiving the encrypted data packet, the central computer validates the packet by comparing bytes not containing latitude/longitude information with bytes expected to be returned in response to the request packet. If the packet is valid, the central computer extracts and decodes the encrypted latitude and longitude information.
In order to prevent jamming by repeatedly calling the phone number utilized by global transponder 802, it may be desirable to associate a unique phone number with each sheet in the one-time pad. Thus, global transponder 802 would respond to any of the phone numbers associated with sheets in its one-time pad. In addition, for military applications, buttons may be added to allow a downed pilot to indicate his/her physical condition, the state of enemy activity, and whether his/her capture is imminent. The sensors might be used to transmit the pilot's vital signs, such as heart rate.
Additionally, functionality may be added to allow the pilot to transmit the information without waiting for an incoming cellular phone call, or to indicate whether the device had fallen into enemy hands.
Since the one-time pad and the cellular phone numbers are hard-coded into memory 806 of global transponder 802, this information cannot be leaked and reverse engineering would not yield any substantive information. The use of commercial connections reduces the cost while providing, with encryption, the same or a better level of security. Fly-overs would not be required since the pilots exact location could be identified, reducing the potential for conflict or compromise of the pilot's location.
With reference now to
The vendor may provide a one-time pad to potential customers. For example, a company selling software may provide a one-time pad to a customer setting up an account to order upgrades or new products over the Internet. Alternatively, the user's credit card company may provide a one-time pad for use in conducting transactions over the Internet. Sales orders transmitted over the Internet 904, or at least confidential information within sales orders, are encrypted by user unit 902, and are either decoded by the vendor, if the one-time pad originated from the vendor, or forwarded by the vendor to the credit card company for decoding and payment authorization.
Alternatively, the one-time pad may be employed in client-server environments for authentication and verification purposes. In this alternative, a vendor might be able to deliver software customized for a particular environment after receipt of a data packet encrypted using a one-time pad previously sold to the customer.
It is important to note that while the present invention has been described in the context of fully functional systems, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanism of the present invention is capable of being distributed in the form of a computer readable medium of instructions in a variety of forms, and that the present invention applies equally regardless of the particular type of signal bearing media used to actually carry out the distribution. Examples of computer readable media include: recordable type media such as floppy disks and CD-ROMs and transmission type media such as digital and analog communication links.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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|Systems and methods for time variable financial authentication
|21 Dec 2001
|26 Jul 2011
|Jpmorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
|System and method for single session sign-on
|16 Aug 2010
|23 Aug 2011
|Jpmorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
|Debit purchasing of stored value card for use by and/or delivery to others
|26 Jul 2007
|20 Sep 2011
|Jpmorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
|System and method for funding a collective account by use of an electronic tag
|15 Sep 2010
|27 Mar 2012
|Jpmorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
|System and method for offering risk-based interest rates in a credit instutment
|11 Dec 2009
|17 Apr 2012
|Jpmorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
|System and method for rapid updating of credit information
|17 Jul 2007
|22 May 2012
|Jpmorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
|System and method for providing discriminated content to network users
|8 Jun 2009
|11 Sep 2012
|National Institute Of Information And Communications Technology Incorporated Administrative Agency
|Converter, encryption/decryption system, multi-stage converter, converting method, multi-stage converting method, program, and information recording medium
|5 Nov 2002
|30 Oct 2012
|Jpmorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
|System and method for providing incentives to consumers to share information
|30 May 2003
|6 Nov 2012
|Jpmorgan Chase Bank N.A.
|System and method for offering risk-based interest rates in a credit instrument
|27 Apr 2005
|7 May 2013
|Microsoft Corporation
|Secure clock with grace periods
|23 Dec 2009
|21 May 2013
|Jp Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.
|Universal payment protection
|7 Apr 2011
|21 May 2013
|Jp Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.
|Universal payment protection
|31 Mar 2011
|25 Jun 2013
|Jpmorgan Chase Bank, Na
|Universal payment protection
|18 Oct 2011
|20 Aug 2013
|Jpmorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
|Multiple account advanced payment card and method of routing card transactions
|2 Aug 2002
|27 Aug 2013
|Fraunhofer-Gesellscaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung E.V.
|Method and apparatus for encrypting a discrete signal, and method and apparatus for decrypting
|21 Mar 2008
|15 Apr 2014
|Microsoft Corporation
|Issuing a publisher use license off-line in a digital rights management (DRM) system
|17 Jun 2011
|22 Apr 2014
|Jpmorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
|System and method for single session sign-on
|8 Jul 2010
|6 May 2014
|Microsoft Corporation
|Issuing a publisher use license off-line in a digital rights management (DRM) system
|15 Apr 2005
|13 May 2014
|Microsoft Corporation
|Output protection levels
|17 Jul 2013
|10 Jun 2014
|Jpmorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
|Multiple account advanced payment card and method of routing card transactions
|31 Mar 2003
|10 Jun 2014
|Jpmorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
|System and process for performing purchase transactions using tokens
|25 Jun 2012
|1 Jul 2014
|William O. Bozeman
|Universal positive pay match, authentication, authorization, settlement and clearing system
|13 Jul 2010
|15 Jul 2014
|Microsoft Corporation
|Extensible media rights
|15 Sep 2003
|29 Jul 2014
|Steve Sorem
|System and method for processing transactions
|14 Sep 2007
|30 Sep 2014
|Jpmorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
|System and method for preventing identity theft or misuse by restricting access
|30 Jun 2009
|19 Jan 2016
|Jpmorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
|Systems and methods for time variable financial authentication
|20 Jun 2014
|5 Jul 2016
|Signs & Wonders Unlimited, Llc
|System and method for encoding and authenticating a digital image
|17 Jul 2013
|24 Jan 2017
|Licentia Group Limited
|Authentication method and system
|29 Aug 2002
|6 Mar 2003
|Ken Umeno
|Converter, encryption/decryption system, multi-stage converter, converting method, multi-stage converting method, program, and information recording medium
|25 Feb 2003
|26 Aug 2004
|Microsoft Corporation
|Issuing a publisher use license off-line in a digital rights management (DRM) system
|2 Aug 2002
|7 Oct 2004
|Sascha Disch
|Method and device for encrypting a discrete signal, and method and device for decrypting the same
|23 Oct 2003
|28 Apr 2005
|Hyser Chris D.
|Method and system for providing an external trusted agent for one or more computer systems
|8 Jun 2009
|1 Oct 2009
|National Institute Of Informatio And Communicationd Technology Incorporated
|Converter, encryption/decryption system, multi-stage converter, converting method, multi-stage converting method, program, and information recording medium
|25 Jun 2012
|9 May 2013
|William O. Bozeman
|Universal positive pay match, authentication, authorization, settlement and clearing system
|20 Jun 2014
|25 Dec 2014
|Signs & Wonders Unlimited LLC
|System and method for encoding and authenticating a digital image
|U.S. Classification
|705/64, 705/40, 705/33, 705/23, 705/24, 705/1.1, 705/26.1
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|21 Oct 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|26 Dec 2012
Owner name: EBAY INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:029528/0692
Effective date: 20120928
|16 Oct 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|22 Jul 2015
Owner name: PAYPAL, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:EBAY INC.;REEL/FRAME:036159/0873
Effective date: 20150717


text:
United States Patent and Trademark Office OG Notices: 23 April 2002
Date Type of Proceeding Issued Case (1) or App'n No. Party/Parties 3-12 EX 75/797,810 Q-Sport, LLC 3-12 EX 75/814,381 The Valspar Corp. 3-12 EX 75/816,459 Matthew J. Davenport Opposer's/ Applicant's/ Petitioner's Respondent's TTAB Mark and Mark and Issue Decision Goods/Services Goods/Services 2(d) Refusal "QRUZING" Reversed [clothing in the nature of sports and leisure clothing, namely, pants, t-shirts, jerseys, sweatshirts, sweat pants, polo shirts, shorts, jackets, socks, sweatbands, and warm-up suits] 2(d) Refusal "ELECTROGARD" Reversed [protective (as to and decorative both cited coatings applied registra- by electro- tions) deposition application in the nature of industrial finishes] 2(d); Refusal "RAIN whether Affirmed ENTERTAINMENT" applicant's on all [entertainment recitation of grounds services, namely, services audio recording require and production, amendment; music publishing, Section 6 and artist disclaimer representation requirement and management (of the word services for ENTER- others] TAINMENT) Mark and Citable as Goods Cited by Precedent Examining Atty. of TTAB "JUST CRUISING" No (and design) [clothing, namely, skirts, shorts, mini skirts, pants, tops, blouses, shirts, vests, long dresses, short dresses, gowns, and rompers] "ELEKTROGUARD" No [silicone elastomers for electrical coatings potting compounds, encapsulants and silicone gels; "ELECTRI-GUARD" [anti-corrosion coating for the protection of electrical connections] "RAIN" No [entertainment services in the nature of a musical band] (1)EX=EX PARTE APPEAL; OPP=OPPOSITION; CANC=CANCELLATION; CU=CONCURRENT USE; (SJ)=SUMMARY JUDGMENT; (R)=REQ. FOR RECONSIDERATION; (MD)=MOTION TO DISMISS; (MR)=MOTION TO REOPEN

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Showlogix has a complete set of tools to achieve any size and arrangement of displays or project on any surface or shape.
Displays can be positioned and combined with great flexibility using the 2D display map.
With edge blending capability, along with the multi-channel sub-pixel accurate synchronization and geometry correction, you can play large mega-pixel videos. Any number of projectors can be blended to create a large seamless image.
The 3D mapping tool is used to wrap content on a 3D object in real time. Automatic edge blending is applied. This is done by importing a 3D model file. Showlogix can use content rendered as unwrapped UV-texture of the 3D model, or also accept any 2D video, images, external inputs or text which will appear non-distorted, using projective texture mapping.


text:
I have seeds off:
Phlomis Tuberosa 'Amazone'
Lepechinia Salviae
Scutellaria Indica
Scutellaria Galericulata
Cleome Violet
Scutellaria Scordifolia
Scutellaria Supina
Asclepias Physocarpa (Swan Plant)
Diplarrena Moraea (Butterfly Flag iris)
Stylidium affine (Queen Trigger Plant)
Platycodon(Fuji Blue)
Morning Glory (Mixed Colours)
Balsam Camellia Flowered Mixed
Foxglove Digitalis Purpurea
Diplarrena latifolia(Western Flag Iris)
Dichopogon strictus (Chocolate lily)
I am chasing various salvias(including salvia splendens sangria),phlomis,scutellarias,lepechinias and impatiens.
Cheers Annette
This message was edited Aug 14, 2006 3:13 PM
CLOSED: CLOSED: Have Seeds Off......
I'd like to trade with you, Annette, let me see what I have to offer.
Is this the Chocolate lily you are referring to? Scroll down to the bottom and look at the last entry:
I would also like the Scutellaria Supina (this is a yellow variety, right?)
I have these Texas natives which would probably do well for you: scutellaria resinosa, penstemon havardii, ipomopsis rubra, Salvia roemeriana 'Cedar Sage' --great for shade; 'Big Red Sage' Salvia Penstemonoides.
I also have some of these I can throw in: salvia annual salsa bicolor hybrid (pastel shades); salvia plum salsa hybrid (purple plum)
I also have some (not a huge amount) of Cypella coelestis:
I have a lot of seeds--really would like to work out a trade for the Chocolate lily! =)
Hi There,I have Lepechinia hastata.and some Digitalis.Boots
Hi Debbie,
Yes that is the Chocolate lily seeds that I have got, there is 20 seeds left they are yours if you want them. I have been so busy sowing the salvia seeds that I havent had a chance to sow the scutellaria supina seeds so I dont have a clue what colour the flowers are.
I just googled images off the supina it is a cream scut. with a touch off purple/blue in the throat.
What colour is the scut. resinosa??, I would be interested in that one or a few salvia penstemonoides.
Cheers Annette
Here is S. resinosa:
Here is S. supina:
Don't know how I stumbled upon this site, but its a good one. I actually have the pink one pictured as you go to the main page. I can save you some seeds next summer--I usually just do cuttings.
I would be delighted to send you seeds of Scut. resinosa (good for fall sowing there) and S penstemonides. Just dmail me your address as to how to address the envelope. =)
Post a Reply to this Thread
More International Trading Threads
Dalechampiastarted by An57
last post by An57Jul 19, 20170Jul 19, 2017


text:
LOS ANGELES — Anze Kopitar skated down Dustin Brown and just plain tackled him, dropping the Los Angeles Kings captain to the ice as a sellout crowd expelled 19 years of frustration.
Brown's goal into the empty St. Louis net had just secured a spot in the Western Conference finals for the Kings, who steamrolled their first two playoff opponents the same way Kopitar flattened his longtime teammate.
Eternal also-rans since joining the NHL nearly 45 years ago, the Kings are going deep in this postseason – and the best of the West hasn't slowed them down yet.
Brown scored two goals, Jonathan Quick made 23 saves, and the eighth-seeded Kings finished an improbable four-game sweep of the St. Louis Blues with a 3-1 victory Sunday, advancing to the conference finals for just the second time in club history.
Rookie Jordan Nolan scored an early goal for the Kings, the first No. 8 seed in NHL history to eliminate their conference's top two seeds in the same postseason. The Kings only clinched a playoff berth right before their 81st game, but they've been unstoppable ever since.
In Newark, N.J., Dainius Zubrus scored two goals and New Jersey rallied from an early two-goal deficit and pushed Philadelphia to the brink of elimination with a win in Game 4.
Zubrus put New Jersey ahead 3-2 late in the second period and iced the game with an empty-net goal in the final minute.
Petr Sykora and Marek Zidlicky also scored for the Devils, who can advance to their first conference final since 2003 with a win in Philadelphia on Tuesday night. New Jersey has never lost a playoff series after taking a 3-1 lead.
In winning their third in a row, the Devils let goalie Martin Brodeur have an easy night on his 40th birthday, outshooting Philadelphia 43-22.
Scott Hartnell and Claude Giroux scored first-period goals for the Flyers.
SUSPENDED: Phoenix Coyotes defenseman Rostislav Klesla was suspended for one game by the NHL for boarding Nashville Predators forward Matt Halischuk on Friday night.
Klesla received a minor penalty for boarding in the first period of Coyotes' 1-0 road victory in Game 4 of the Western Conference semifinal series. Video replays showed he appeared to grab Halischuk's jersey before slamming him into the boards.


text: I apologize in advance for the ignorance here but I have a problem...It seems that my Gravity III ballast is having some wiring complications. Everything worked fine for the past two summers, but now, whenever I fill either rear sac, the center fills as well. The center switch, itself, works fine when filling/emptying on command, but it is annoying to have it fill when the two rear sacs fill. Again, it is not a major problem so I didn't waste the day tinkering with it on Sunday. Anyone have any ideas/instructions as to how to fix this?


text:
the domain I bought at godaddy.com is pointing to wordpress. However my site still doesnt come up http://www.brightstarinternational.org
I changed the DNS to what they told me to change it to, bought the $13. mapping and waited for it all to take affect! NOTHING! 3 weeks later our website still doesnt come up and I cant find any support at wordpress. HELP!!!!!!
The blog I need help with is brightstarinternational.org.


text:
Quentin suffers setback in rehab on knee
Quentin suffers setback in rehab on knee
Quentin, who is with Class A Lake Elsinore on a Minor League rehabilitation assignment, was scheduled to play on Friday for the Storm. He didn't, and later called Black in Philadelphia to say that his surgically-repaired right knee is still bothering him, particularly when he's in his hitting stance.
"The knee is still a little sore," Black said. "He's still having a little bit of discomfort getting in the box and in his stance with the load on his back leg. We decided to take a step back."
Quentin won't play Saturday or Sunday and with the Storm off on Monday, the soonest he could play in another game would be Tuesday.
"He's taking it day by day," Black said.
When Quentin had arthroscopic surgery on his right knee in San Diego on March 19, the initial prognosis was that he would be sidelined between four and six weeks. Quentin later told reporters "I'd like to miss less [time]."
Quentin is currently seven weeks and five days removed from surgery.
The surgery Quentin had was to repair some meniscus tearing and remove loose particles in the knee.
To date, Quentin has played in seven Minor League games, hitting .286. He last appeared in a game on May 10.
Six days ago at Petco Park, Quentin said he was encouraged by his progress. But he didn't play Tuesday or Wednesday for Lake Elsinore before appearing in Thursday's game. He hasn't played since.
"I think we're a lot closer," he said on May 7. "I'm not counting out the road trip."


text:
Violent scenes marred two games in England over the weekend. First, police made 14 arrests following Wigan Athletic's 2-0 FA Cup semifinal win against Millwall at Wembley on Saturday. Then,
on Sunday, police made 29 arrests in Newcastle's city center, where Newcastle and Sunderland fans clashed, following the Black Cats' 3-0 win at Sports Direct Arena.
Of the 14 arrests made at Wembley, 12 were Millwall fans, who strangely enough, were mostly fighting amongst themselves. After the game, Wigan owner Dave Whelan said, "I can't understand why the Millwall fans would fight each other. I understand if they want to fall out with the visiting team, but why would they fall out amongst themselves? It just gives football a very, very poor reputation. We know Millwall are a tough club, their team's tough to play, the supporters are straight through. But don't fight each other."
The FA said it would push for criminal charges and bans, where necessary, while Millwall said those involved would be banned indefinitely from its games. Wigan, meanwhile, has just qualified for its first FA Cup final.
Over in Newcastle, home team supporters confronted victorious Sunderland fans at the city's Central Station, leading to 29 arrests and three wounded police officers. Newcastle has said it will impose lifetime bans on any supporters found guilty of involvement in the city center skirmish.


text:
Elmer and Alexa Buente claim Allstate Corp. owes them as much as $100,000 for damage to their Mississippi home during Hurricane Katrina. The Northbrook-based insurer, however, cut the couple a check for only $2,600.
Although the question of how big a payout Allstate must make still has to be decided in a federal court in Mississippi, the case could have repercussions far beyond whether the nation's second-largest insurer is ultimately on the hook for six figures.


text:
You must be 18 years of age to purchase this item.
Additional Shipping fees/restrictions apply >
satisfaction guarantee
easy returns
lowest price guarantee
A super high-performance round, with half the typical recoil.
Order today!
Please keep questions relative to the product. If you have questions regarding availability (Back Order, In Stock, Pricing, etc.) please contact SG Customer Service at firstname.lastname@example.com
Hornady Interlock Rifle, .270 Win., SP, 150 Grain,
Hornady Interlock Rifle, .308 Win., BTSP, 165 Grain,
Hornady Interlock Rifle, .450 Bushmaster, FTX, 250 Grain,
Hornady Interlock Rifle, 7mm Rem. Mag, SP, 154
©2017 Sportsman's Guide, Inc. 1-800-882-2962 | www.sportsmansguide.com
Please remove items from your cart or proceed to checkout.
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text:
While it is not too difficult to comprehend the medicinal benefits one can derive from plant based essential oils it might be a little more challenging to understand why and how essential oils affect our mood and emotions.
As a modern society we have greatly evolved in many way and unfortunately regressed in others. As we grow older we tend to become more and more closed to our emotions, not letting them get in the way. We ignore, fight, repress these powerful energies that are our negative feelings. The energy attached to our now stored negative emotions does not simply disappear, it attaches to our energetic body. Over time this negative energy can strengthen with recurring negative thought forms and continued repression and storage of new negative experiences.
Unless released or removed from the aura these blockages can have a direct effect on the physical body leading to pain, imbalance and unfortunately even disease.
"The limbic system, or old brain, is particularly affected, as the memory of trauma is stored in this "seat of emotions". Studies conducted at New York University proved that the amygdala (gland of the limbic system that stores and releases emotional trauma) ONLY releases emotional trauma through the sense of smell. It does not respond to sound, sight or touch." healingaia Holistic Wellness
Pure therapeutic grade essential oils access and trigger the limbic system almost immediately upon inhalation, bypassing the ego and the mind, allowing us to unlock and release "emotional baggage" from cellular memory. While essential oils are powerful tools on their own they become even stronger healing tools when accompanied by massage, meditation or better yet: Etheric Healing.
"Once we give ourselves permission to truly feel and let go, we can shift our perspective, learn our lessons, and uplift our consciousness. For these reasons, essential oils are also the perfect starting point for one's healing journey because they access and clear layers of emotion and trauma that we may not be conscious of, or may have been blocking our ability to progress and move forward." healingaia Holistic Wellness
I use essential oils daily and was amazed when I experienced healingaia's channeled essential oils blends. Their frequency is unlike any I have experienced and when used with their regimen these blends allow you to experience true emotional release and balance. All their blends are energetically imprinted with healing energies adding to their already divine balancing energy. There are currently five blends available, each has been channeled with a specific intention and for a specific purpose. I have tried them all and invite you to read more about each one and experience these powerful blends for yourself.
Find out more about healingaia's channeled essential oil blends


text:
But my experience with my XILs is much different. He went from taking me with him to taking slut the very next time they got together, which had been every week!
I have heard little or nothing in almost a year from XILs and the last contact was initiated by me with one my age who has, or rather, HAD always been my friend. Crickets on both sides since.
IDK, just my .02 but that way you aren't cutting her out until you've had a chance to sit with it a while, ya know?


text:
A how-to guide for the discovery and prevention of the illegal transfer of money
Written for the private sector—where most money laundering takes place—this book clearly explains shows business professionals how to deter, detect, and resolve financial fraud cases internally. It expertly provides an understanding of the mechanisms, tools to detect issues, and action lists to recover hidden funds.
Arming auditors, investigators, and compliance personnel with the guidance that, up until now, has been restricted to criminal investigators, Money Laundering Prevention provides nuts-and-bolts information needed to fully understand the money laundering process.
CHAPTER 1: Understanding the Process of Money Laundering
CHAPTER 2: Motivations for Getting Involved
CHAPTER 3: Mechanisms for Moving Money
CHAPTER 4: Going Global
CHAPTER 5: Technology and Tomorrow
CHAPTER 6: Discovery and Prevention
CHAPTER 7: Terror Financing
CHAPTER 8: Identifying Risk Exposures
CHAPTER 9: Investigating Money Movement
CHAPTER 10: Reporting and Recovery
CHAPTER 11: Conclusiong
About The Author
Published: June 2011
204 Pages


text:
Receive industry and products news from the market categories that matter to you most.
Stay up to date on industry news and trends, product announcements and the latest innovations.
Conveyor Scales
Belt Scale supports dry bulk material handling.Sep 25, 2015
Featuring flush mount design, Belt Scale eliminates need for users to cut or torch conveyor frame for installation. Unit fits belt widths from 18–72-in. and provides accuracy of ±½% in dry bulk applications producing up to 3,000 tons/hr. Standard model integrator includes onboard Ethernet port, 2 independent RS-232 serial outputs, and battery backup feature. With self-diagnostics... Read More
Schenck Process Recognized in a Global Cement Fuels AwardMar 17, 2014
Carmeuse Lime & Stone, Grand River, OH was named the recipient of this year's "Outstanding Alternative Fuels Project of Year Award" at the recently held Global CemFuels Conference in Vienna, Austria. The recognition for the alternative fuel feeding system was based on receiving the most online votes cast by industry experts throughout the world. Schenck Process played a major role in the... Read More
Sanitary Clamping Coupling helps protect fragile products.Jan 14, 2014
Quick Clamp No-Ledge delivers machined tolerance joint, ensuring proper alignment and creating ledge-free interior environment on connection points. This reduces instances where friction and crevices catch product and cause fines. Designed for food and light industry conveying of fragile materials or materials requiring sanitary conditions, coupling offers recessed O-ring gasket that... Read More
At Wire 2014, Maguire Will Offer a Comprehensive Portfolio of Systems for Raw Material Management and Extrusion ControlDec 30, 2013
Proven Systems Help Save Costs of Polymer Compounds and Additives, Increase Productivity, and Enhance Control and Documentation of Wire and Cable Quality TAMWORTH, STAFFORDSHIRE, UK – At Wire Düsseldorf, Maguire Europe will introduce a wide-ranging portfolio of technologies that enable manufacturers to save costs while ensuring compliance with the stringent electrical and physical... Read More
Conveyor Belt Scales produce precision measurements.Nov 04, 2011
Designed with independent weigh bridge brackets, Model WB accommodates multiple belt widths, has accuracy rating of 1.0% (±0.5%), and is suitable for material handling up to 2,000 tons/hr. Model HD, with accuracy rating of 0.5% (±0.25%), is built with continuous weigh bridge and manages up to 2,000 tons/hr and beyond. Both are equipped with 2 independent load cells that display readings... Read More
In-Line Case Weigher offers capacities up to 200 lb.Sep 24, 2010
Suitable for production line and inspection applications, Alliance/Rice Lake MotoWeigh Case Weigher provides resolution of 0.0001 g and speeds to 600 units/min. Conveyorized system prompts operator through all functions and provides real-time representation of inventory for every unit weighed. Equipped with direct food contact belting with Delrin® rollers and drive blocks, unit comes in NTEP... Read More
Insertion Weigh Belt exceeds USDA standards.Nov 05, 2009
Built with stainless steel frame, Ultra-Sanitary Model SI features troughed belt to keep product away from edge, eliminating need for side skirts. Entire conveyor assembly is coupled to mass counter-balanced Force Measurement Suspension System that allows load cell selection based on net, rather than gross weighing requirements. Unaffected by dirt, shock, or vibration, system can withstand... Read More
Bench Scale provides multiple weighing modes.Aug 05, 2009
Alliance/OHAUS Defender(TM) 7000 features multi-functional indicator with multiple weighing modes including counting, percent weighing, dynamic weighing, check weighing, display, hold, and accumulation. Designed to stand alone or control conveyors and other equipment, it has RS232 interface with GMP/GLP data output, optional DC/AC relay control kit, and additional RS232/RS485/422 interfaces. It... Read More
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Automatic Shipping System handles small parcels.Mar 12, 2009
Designed for envelopes, bags, pouches, and small parcels, ShipMaster 800 automates shipping process from point where cartons are packed. Belted system can scan order ID, weigh, print/apply shipping label, verify label, and manifest, all in about 10-15 ft of space. Typical system replaces 2-4 manual operators and processes 15-20 pieces per minute. Read More
Slider-Bed Belt Scale measures light-to-medium-duty loads.Jun 18, 2008
Suitable for flat belt conveyors transporting dry products as well Intralox style belts conveying wet products in food/beverages, pharmaceuticals, and tobacco industry, Milltronics Weighdeck 600 features corrosion resistant components that are virtually maintenance-free. Belt support bed is made of Ultra High Molecular Weight polyethelene. IP67 protected WD600 is available with nickel-plated... Read More
Schenck AccuRate's Parent Company Schenck Process Receives Frost & Sullivan 2007 European Growth Strategy Leadership AwardFeb 14, 2008
Schenck AccuRate announces that its parent company Schenck Process has received the Frost & Sullivan 2007 European Growth Strategy Leadership Award. The award is given annually to a company that has demonstrated exceptional growth strategy within their industry. Schenck Process was recognized for its structured approach to business, broad product portfolio, ability to provide complete solutions... Read More
Weigh Belt Module inserts into conveyor transition space.Jul 02, 2007
Available in scale over or scale under design, Weigh Belt Feeder Series SI Insertion Weigh Belt Module features short support framework and 12, 18, or 24 in. wide, 24 in. long V-Guided conveyor. Conveyor portion can be oriented on C-Frame to convey horizontally or downward up to 20°. Model 15L precision flexure plate suspension scale provides mass counterbalancing of conveyor dead load, and... Read More
Conveyor Scales target low-volume lines.Jun 29, 2007
Designed to fit into existing gravity conveyor, CASI 700 Series uses off the shelf components and may also be built to custom heights. Typical applications include quality control for filling, packing station in-line weighing, and other operations where products are either presented or diverted to gravity conveyor. Read More
Belt Scale provides continuous weighing.Feb 13, 2007
Offering ±1.0% accuracy, modular Milltronics MBS provides dynamic weighing information for process indication. It features parallelogram-style, aluminum strain gauge load cells to provide instant response to vertical loading. Suited for aggregates, sand, gravel, or crushed stone, scale is unaffected by horizontal forces, uneven belt loading, or high belt speeds. It does not have cross-bridge,... Read More
Siemens Milltronics-Brand BW500 Belt Scale Integrator Is NTEP ApprovedJan 30, 2007
ATLANTA, Jan. 17, 2007- Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. today announced that its Milltronics-brand BW500 belt scale integrator received National Type Evaluation Program (NTEP) Certification of Conformance for weighing and measuring devices from the National Conference on Weights and Measures (NCWM). With NTEP approval, the BW500, in conjunction with the NTEP Approved Milltronics-brand MMI belt... Read More
Thayer Scale-Hyer Industries "Quarry King" Conveyor Belt ScaleJan 16, 2007
Specifically for Weighing of Dusty Fines & Aggregate Materials PEMBROKE, MA, Jan. 3, 2007 -- Thayer Scale's single idler "Quarry King" Conveyor Belt Scale has been specifically designed for outdoor conveyor weighing of dusty fines and "stone-like" aggregate materials where rugged construction and spill-proof/jam-proof suspension design are the most valuable attributes. Complementing Thayer... Read More
Belt Scale serves low-headroom applications.Feb 02, 2004
Suited for severe vibration and harsh operating conditions found in mobile crusher and screening plants, Milltronics MCS Belt Scale features triple-beam, stainless steel load cells. It handles loads from 50-100 lb and heavy-duty belt widths up to 42 in. A 250 lb load cell is available for mobile crusher applications. Package includes calibration weight arm and calibration weight. Modular design... Read More
Bolt-On Frame adds in-line weighing to ordinary conveyors.Jul 31, 2002
Weigh Legs(TM), suitable for checkweighing of boxed goods and crates, shipping, and mailing, weighs static and in-motion conveyor loads. It is available in seven different widths from 24 to 42 in., in 5 or 10 ft lengths, with 250, 500, and 1,000 lb capacities. Leg height is adjustable between 23 5/8 to 35 5/8 in. Each Weigh Leg frame incorporates two support legs, two Weigh Bar® weighing... Read More
Scales provide in-motion weighing.May 06, 2002
AC4000 Warehouse Scale weighs packages up to 150 lbs at velocities up to 550 fpm. Weigh table is virtually damage-proof, with overload protection up to 1,000 lbs. Conveyor section is supported by four 250 lb stainless steel load cells that eliminate off-center loading errors. For smaller packages, AC4000i 8120 Powered Weigh Table handles packages up to 20 in. long by 18 in. wide, up to 20 lbs at... Read More


text:
Switch between 4 HDMI sources through one output cable. This high performance HDMI Switch is compatible with Blu-ray, HD-DVD, STV, PS3, Xbox360 etc. The switch can be changed with the included remote, manually or has a sensor that detects if just one source is active and sends data from that device to the HDTV.
- HDMI input ports (4)
- HDMI output port (1)
- LED indicators
- Automatic switch modes


text:
Newly updated & expanded for 2014. (Now includes sections from our 5:2 Diet Cheat Sheet and Stupid Hormones books!)
And for AudioBook listeners, it finally and truly is possible to grasp an entire weight loss program through audio alone!
If you've dreamed of a way to safely and quickly lose weight while still eating foods you love, then this book by bestselling weight loss authors Jennifer Jolan and Rich Bryda could be exactly what you're looking for.
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great book easy to understand!!!


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Residents looking to move into affordable housing in part of Lancashire should have at least three years "connection" to the local area, a task group has recommended.
An affordable housing task group, set up by Wyre Council, says the current six month requirement is "too short and potentially subject to abuse."
A report from the group, which will be debated at an overview a scrutiny committee meeting next Monday, said: "In Wyre there is a conflict between the identified need for affordable homes (in the region of 570 per annum) and the number that are built each year (in the region of 60-70).
"This inconsistency is not specific to Wyre and is a national problem.
"It is clear that residents, particularly in the rural areas of the borough, have a number of reasons for objecting to affordable housing development and it was agreed that the review would focus on the basis for these objections."
The rough number of affordable homes currently in Garstang is 275, with a further 303 in the Over Wyre and Poulton areas, the report states.


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COMPOSITION BABY DOLL w/ TIN HEAD & TIN OPEN/CLOSE EYES
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ESTATE FIND!This particular auction is for an adorable life size baby doll with tin head and tin open/close blue sleep eyes!! The doll is unmarked, so I am not aware of who the manufacturer might have been. The estate sale had several very old Ideal Shirley Temple dolls among the lot, so is this possibly a baby Shirley Temple doll?? Doll measures approximately 20 inches long. The doll has a tin head, composition arms, composition legs and a stuffed cloth torso with a crier inside. Doll no longer cries. Torso has a small hole beneath the right arm. Wires are visible at the left shoulder and the top of the two legs. Some of the paint in missing on the tin head, otherwise facial paint is in good condition. Doll could use a mild bath. I will leave this to the new owner's discretion and am selling the doll as I found it at the estate sale. Odor free. A very old and adorable doll!! The perfect gift for the collector on your list...including yourself! :) I am selling LOTS of rare dolls, books and assorted collectibles this week, as well as homeschool items, so please view all of my auctions. I will be happy to combine shipping when possible. I will be away from my computer the week of July 6 - 10. If you would like to have your pkg sent off beforehand, then you must pay for your item ... read more


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In this course, you'll come to see English grammar as a three-dimensional process that's useful in bringing coherence, cohesion, and texture to writing and speech. We'll begin by considering seven definitions of grammar that we'll draw on throughout the course. We'll also discuss the differences between patterns and rules, and why second-language learners benefit from our instruction on both.
You'll learn why students need to understand the three dimensions of grammar—form, meaning, and use—and how seeing grammar as a dynamic and changing system helps students overcome many of their grammar challenges. You'll also see why teaching grammar in a way that makes it personally meaningful to your students brings the best results.
And since teaching isn't just about presenting lessons, we'll also go over the importance of "reading" your students—observing them to try to figure out what learning process they're using. We'll contrast rote or mechanical practice with meaningful practice, and we'll go over guidelines for creating activities and adapting your textbook exercises to get students working on the unique learning challenge presented by each different grammatical structure.
Toward the end of the course, we'll talk about what specific errors students make can indicate, and how they can help us pinpoint the unique challenges our students face so we can develop meaningful practice activities to help them meet those challenges. And we'll finish up the course by discussing ways that you can give valuable feedback to your students. Get ready to discover how to teach grammar in a way that's both effective and enjoyable for your students!
Course materials are developed by Heinle I Cengage Learning, a global leader in ESL/EFL materials. Course content is approved by the TESOL Professional Development Committee so students who successfully complete this course receive a TESOL Certificate of Completion.
Diane Larsen-Freeman is a Professor of Education, Professor of Linguistics, and Research Scientist at the English Language Institute at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. She is also Distinguished Senior Faculty Fellow at the School for International Training in Brattleboro, Vermont. She has spoken and published widely on the topics of teacher education, second language acquisition, English grammar, and language teaching methodology. Her books include: An Introduction to Second Language Acquisition Research (with Michael Long, Longman, 1991), The Grammar Book (with Marianne Celce-Murcia, Heinle/Thomson, 1999, second edition), Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching (Oxford University Press, 2000, second edition), Grammar Dimensions (Series Director, Heinle, 2007, 4th edition), Teaching Language: From Grammar to Grammaring (Heinle, 2003) and Complex Systems and Applied Linguistics (with Lynne Cameron, Oxford University Press, 2008). In 1997, Dr. Larsen-Freeman was inducted into the Vermont Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1999, she was named one of the ESL pioneers by ESL Magazine. In 2000, she received a Lifetime Achievement Award from Heinle Publishers.
Tamara Collin-Parks will be your facilitator in the Discussion Areas. She works with bilingual teacher training at a college and taught ESL for 5 years at an adult school.
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A new session of each course opens each month, allowing you to enroll whenever your busy schedule permits!
How does it work? Once a session starts, two lessons will be released each week, for the six-week duration of your course. You will have access to all previously released lessons until the course ends.
Keep in mind that the interactive discussion area for each lesson automatically closes 2 weeks after each lesson is released, so you?re encouraged to complete each lesson within two weeks of its release.
The Final Exam will be released on the same day as the last lesson. Once the Final Exam has been released, you will have 2 weeks plus 10 days to complete the Final and finish any remaining lessons in your course. No further extensions can be provided beyond these 10 days.
Grammar is an incredibly rich system for making meaning in a language. It's a subject that many people misunderstand, though, and that's something we should all be concerned about because if we don't see fully how grammar contributes to communication, then our students won't either. When students misunderstand grammar, they'll often develop a negative attitude toward studying grammar. We'll begin this first lesson by considering seven definitions of grammar, and we'll draw on all seven of these definitions later in this course. We'll also discuss the differences between patterns and rules, and why second-language learners benefit from our instruction on both patterns and the rules in the classroom.
Many people think of grammar structures as forms in a language. For instance, one form instructs us to place an s at the end of a noun if we want to make that noun plural. While there are indeed grammatical forms such as the plural s, there's more to grammar than form! In this lesson, you'll learn that grammar structures have meanings, and they have uses as well. This is very important to understand because grammar doesn't relate only to accuracy. It also relates to meaningfulness and appropriateness. We often teach grammar as forms that have meaning, but students don't often understand when or why to use particular structures. They wind up overusing them, under using them, or using them inappropriately. Students need to understand that there are three dimensions of grammar?form, meaning, and use?and that's what we'll discuss in today's lesson.
The title of this lesson is Grammaring. Grammar + -ing. If you haven't heard the term before, don't be surprised. I coined it myself because I think adding the ing helps people understand that grammar isn't a fixed system of unchanging rules. On the contrary, grammatical rules and patterns change all the time! In this lesson, we'll talk about three ways that grammar is dynamic and changing. We'll also consider a long-time problem in language learning?the inert knowledge problem, where students appear to have learned something in class but can't use it outside of class for their own purposes. Finally, we'll talk about helping students overcome the inert knowledge problem by viewing grammar as a dynamic system and teaching it in a psychologically authentic way.
When you think about grammar, you might think about rules that apply to sentences. Such rules might tell us the order of words in a phrase or in a sentence. But grammar goes beyond the sentence, too. Think about the sentences in a paragraph. There's an order they must follow to make sense, and grammar is what helps you to organize them! Today you'll learn the ways that people can use grammar to bring cohesion, coherence, and texture to what they're saying and writing. In the process, grammar helps to create organized wholes from written sentences and spoken utterances. Knowing how to create an organized whole out of sentences and utterances is very important for ESL and EFL students so they can learn to write and speak in a comprehensible way.
Often people make a clear division between grammar structures and words. Grammar structures are patterns or formulas with open slots where the words go?it's up to you to add words to that structure. In this lesson, however, you'll see that grammar structures and words are actually interconnected. For one thing, the slots in certain grammatical patterns aren't really open, waiting for just any old word to fill them in. They can only be filled by particular words. Plus, certain grammar structures have characteristics that put them into the category of words, and some words have characteristics that would equally qualify them as grammar structures. So they can go either way as words or grammar structures. We'll talk about all of it in this lesson about lexicogrammar!
If I asked you what you associate with the term "grammar," what would you say? I bet you'd say "rules." It's probably the most common association with grammar. Grammar rules are important in both language learning and teaching. I've taught grammar rules, and perhaps you have, too. I wouldn't want to do anything to discourage you from teaching rules. But in today's lesson, I hope to convince you that grammar has underlying reasons as well as rules. Reasons help you understand why rules are the way they are. Grammar isn't as arbitrary as you may have thought. You don't always have to tell your students, "That's just the way it is." Reasons will also help you understand the so-called "exceptions" to rules. Besides, reasons are broader than rules. If you understand a single reason, you'll understand a number of rules. Now, that sounds like a bargain, doesn't it?
One of the problems that all teachers face is lack of time. There's never enough time to teach all you want your students to learn. You have to be selective. Now, you may be thinking selection becomes more difficult with a grammaring approach. After all, you've learned by now in this course that grammar is more complex than you may have thought. But in today's lesson, you'll learn an important principle as well. It's called the challenge principle. It's a principle for selecting what it is that you need to spend time on with your students. The challenge principle says that you should spend time focusing on the dimension of grammar that students find most challenging?it could be form, or meaning, or use. In this lesson, you'll learn how to apply the challenge principle to determine an instructional focus.
Teaching isn't only about presenting lessons. A large part of being a good teacher is "reading" your students. By "reading" your students, I mean observing them while they're learning?trying to figure out what learning process they're using. You'll also see that students have their own goals for what they want to learn and their own strategies for how they'll meet these goals. In this lesson, you'll learn about some of the learning processes that students use to grasp grammar. You'll also see that different students approach learning grammar in different ways. By the end of this lesson, you'll have acquired the knowledge what you need to be a better observer and manager of your students' learning. And, believe me; watching your students learn is one of the very special rewards of teaching!
In this lesson, we'll examine three different approaches to teaching grammar. We'll start with the traditional 3-P approach: present, practice, and produce?present a grammar structure, practice it, and then have your students produce it. We'll then contrast this traditional approach with a more recent proposal to focus on form within a communicative approach. I'll also talk about my grammaring approach. As you know by now, I believe that we need to teach grammar in a more dynamic fashion in order to overcome the inert knowledge problem. And my goal in this lesson is to convince you of that, too!
We can make a number of contrasts between learning grammar in your native language and learning grammar in another language. One of the important differences is that in learning your native language, you learn from experience?you learn implicitly. Second language learners, on the other hand, often learn grammar explicitly?by following explicit rules and explanations. In this lesson, I'll contrast the two?implicit learning and teaching, and explicit learning and teaching. We'll also discuss the important question about using grammatical terminology while you're teaching grammar. Using grammar terms can be useful to students, but let's not to lose sight of the fact that what we're trying to do is to help them achieve an ability to use grammar?not necessarily turn them into grammarians.
By now, you know that I believe that learning grammar should be an active process. The capacity to use grammar structures actively requires practice. In this lesson, we'll start off by contrasting rote or mechanical practice with meaningful practice. When people think of grammatical practice, they often think of drills. But today, you'll find out how to create meaningful practice activities that address the form, meaning, and use challenges in learning grammar. With these guidelines, you'll be able to create activities and adapt your textbook exercises so that your students are working on the unique learning challenge presented by each different grammatical structure. You can make your teaching process much more effective this way.
With this lesson, we'll conclude our course. But we can't do that without taking up the important issue of giving feedback to our students, and that's the focus of this lesson. We'll start off by talking about what an error is. Recognizing what is and what isn't an error might not always be easy. Then, once we're satisfied that we've defined and detected an error, we'll need to go over what to do about it. This is actually a controversial area! I'll try to help by suggesting what sort of feedback students find most useful. Errors are also important windows into learners' minds?we can actually learn quite a lot from our learners' errors! You may find it amusing that one of the final questions we'll consider in this course has to do with learning. As you've no doubt seen throughout this course, I consider learning?learning about grammar, learning from our students, learning from each other?to be at the heart of good grammar teaching. So we'll conclude with a wish for the joy of learning.
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tap to bring up your browser menu and select 'Add to homescreen' to pin the The News web appGot it!
tap to bring up your browser menu and select 'Add to homescreen' to pin the The News web appGot it!
KARACHI: In a move that came as a surprise to the PPP as well as other political parties, President Asif Ali Zardari visited the residence of ex-Sindh home minister Dr Zulfiqar Mirza in the Defence area on Wednesday, writes Tahir Hasan Khan.
The estranged Mirza is the husband of National Assembly speaker Dr Fehmida Mirza.The president reached the residence of 'the angry-friend' surprising all political circles as he had resigned in protest from the Sindh cabinet, his party office of senior vice president PPP Sindh and his provincial assembly seat.
The president's visit was unofficial and without official protocol and only the small security staff a companied the president. However, the officials did not confirm the president's meeting with Zulfiqar Mirza neither was any official handout released. But party circles confirmed that President Zardari visited the residence of Speaker National Assembly Dr Fehmida Mirza who returned from the US after treatment.
The ex-home minister, his son and wife avoided the media and did not confirm the meeting with President Zardari. The sources said that Dr Fehmida Mirza and Dr Zulfiqar Mirza were busy in their constituency and holding public meetings in Tando Bago, Badin, and rushed back to Karachi in the morning. This indicated that the meeting was scheduled and the family was ready to welcome President Zardari at Mirza House.
The party circles considered this meeting as part of President Zardari's move to bring back angry leaders into the party fold before the election. Mirza's resignation damaged the party position and the former home minister was emerging as a Sindhi nationalist leader and gaining popularity among the people of Sindh.


text: Imgur.com [ Cats Or Dogs? [Poll] By Colleen O'Quinn December 6, 2012 That's it. Not solving the world's problems here. Read More Category: Weird News Tags: cats or dogs, colleen o'quinn, poll, xl country Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


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Bradford's luxury commercial pools are on the cutting edge of extremely refined, lightweight and high strength custom vessels. The strength to weight and load to weight ratios are ideal for retro-fitting on grade or above grade, particularly in elevated environments. Stainless steel pools are at least three times lighter than a concrete pool with watertight welded fabrication, and withstand the natural movement of buildings better than concrete, making them ideal for rooftops. The reduced weight load of a stainless pool provides an option for existing structures as well as potential savings in new construction design. Bradford pools can arrive fully assembled or shipped in prefabricated sections for assembly on site, which can result in decreased installation time and costs.
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David Crosby And A Cold Day In New York City Ten Years Ago
March 5, 2004 wasn't a good day for David Crosby. New York City police arrested him for criminal possession of a weapon and marijuana. Here's how the story goes. David had left his suitcase at a New York City hotel. The luggage was found by a hotel employee who was checking for identification and found a handgun and marijuana.


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Album Rating: 4.5"still don't understand the greatness of this, the production is decent but mostly unspectacular (plus horrifically overcompressed, natch) and the lyrics are above average, is there something i'm missing?"
at the heart of it all he's a fantastic rapper. i'd argue he hurts himself by trying to do too much with lyrics and production. his best verses always seem to be on other people's songs
absolutely has a classic in him but this is not it.
Album Rating: 4.5How can someone hate this!. I gotta admit the album lacks in the closing department. but shit it starts out strong. and keeps punching on throughout the first 3/4
Album Rating: 4.5i just don't get the people who say section 80 is better
Album Rating: 4.5totally. section 80 was ok but this is just better in every single aspect imaginable
Album Rating: 4.5tammy's song is better than anything on here but this is better overall
Album Rating: 4.0goddamn i feel amazin
Digging: NoMeansNo - Wrong
Album Rating: 4.5if tammys song was on here, this would be a 5 >
section 80 is really good also
there are only a few moments on this album i don't like but they're small and not even enough to make me skip the songs they're in. plus it rips in the car and art of peer pressure is dope
Album Rating: 4.5this is the better "album" but Section 80 has most of my favourite tracks of his. HiiiPower, Fuck your Ethnicity, Rigamortis, Poe Man's Dreams, A.D.H.D., Hol' Up, No Makeup.....
seriously that shit bangs so much harder than this one does.
Album Rating: 4.5lol no makeup?
this is the better "album" but Section 80 has most of my favourite tracks of his. HiiiPower, Fuck your Ethnicity, Rigamortis, Poe Man's Dreams, A.D.H.D., Hol' Up, No Makeup.....
precisely. hiiipower, hol' up, etc. are too good.
this has kill my vibe money trees and that's about it for single tracks that are awesome.
when i listen to the whole thing i feel like it's good as a statement but when i'm actually listening it's not that cool. this one is also more jesusy and that's never a positive.
Album Rating: 4.5Yeah No Makeup gets mad hate but idk I like it
And I wanna know do you mind mind mind
Album Rating: 4.0sherane, compton, swimming pools, money trees, good kid / maad city and backseat freestyle are all bangers imo
oh and art of peer pressure
and yeah, the religious bs that pops up towards the end of the album (and the fact that Real is not a very good track) kinda brings the album down
Album Rating: 3.5its his opinion fourth
Album Rating: 4.0i missed the boat
Album Rating: 4.0yea religion is balls
Album Rating: 4.0dude yes song is so boring
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