text:
Recent studies have suggested that abnormal regulation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is associated with Type 2 diabetes in rodent and human tissues. Results with cultured mouse myotubes support a mechanism for palmitate activation of PP2A, leading to activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3. Phosphorylation and inactivation of glycogen synthase by glycogen synthase kinase 3 could be the mechanism for long-chain fatty acid inhibition of insulin-mediated carbohydrate storage in insulin-resistant subjects. Here, we test the effects of palmitic acid on cultured muscle glycogen synthase and PP2A activities. Palmitate inhibition of glycogen synthase fractional activity is increased in subjects with high body mass index compared with subjects with lower body mass index (r = −0.43, P = 0.03). Palmitate action on PP2A varies from inhibition in subjects with decreased 2-h plasma glucose concentration to activation in subjects with increased 2-h plasma glucose concentration (r = 0.45, P < 0.03) during oral glucose tolerance tests. The results do not show an association between palmitate effects on PP2A and glycogen synthase fractional activity. We conclude that subjects at risk for Type 2 diabetes have intrinsic differences in palmitate regulation of at least two enzymes (PP2A and glycogen synthase), contributing to abnormal insulin regulation of glucose metabolism.
- skeletal muscle
- cell culture
- obesity
- insulin resistance
both obesity and insulin resistance have been reported as risk factors for development of Type 2 diabetes (7, 25). Resistance to insulin-mediated glucose disposal primarily involves reduced glucose storage in skeletal muscle (28). Glycogen synthase is a rate-determining enzyme for glucose storage (45). Skeletal muscle biopsies obtained during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp show reduced glycogen synthase activity in insulin-resistant subjects with reduced glucose storage rates (8). Reduced glucose storage rates and glycogen synthase activity have also been observed during insulin infusion after 2 wk of overnutrition with an average weight gain of 3 kg for nondiabetic subjects with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m2 (32). These results indicate that increased insulin resistance and a significant reduction in glycogen synthase activity do not require long-term exposure to increased body mass and could apparently occur secondary to the short-term effects of increased nutrients. Elevated concentrations of plasma lipid and nonesterified fatty acids have been observed to reduce insulin-mediated glucose storage rates (20, 24). Lipid infusion for 2–4 h during a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp produces insulin resistance, which correlates with reduced skeletal muscle glycogen synthase activity (5). These observations may indicate that lipids or nonesterified fatty acids are functional components of the overnutrition-induced insulin resistance noted above (32).
Cultured human myotubes from individuals with Type 2 diabetes have reduced basal and insulin-stimulated glycogen synthase activity (14). Our group (33) has reported reduced glycogen synthase activity in the presence or absence of insulin using cultured myoblasts from subjects with reduced in vivo insulin-stimulated carbohydrate storage rates. These observations in insulin-resistant subjects indicate that muscle cells isolated in culture contain the same mechanisms for reduced insulin action that produce abnormal glycogen synthase activity in noncultured skeletal muscle biopsies. The positive correlation between in vivo insulin-stimulated carbohydrate storage rates and glycogen synthase activity in myoblasts incubated in the absence of mitogens, including insulin for 42 h (33), suggest that abnormally low glycogen synthase fractional activity (GSFA) could be produced without modulation of the insulin signal transduction pathway. On the basis of the response of skeletal muscle glycogen synthase to lipid infusion in vivo (5), our group (31) has tested the effects of an 18-h incubation of cultured myoblasts with palmitic acid. This study demonstrated a dose-dependent palmitate inhibition of glycogen synthase activity in cultured muscle cells tested in the absence of insulin.
The activity and phosphorylation state of glycogen synthase are regulated in part by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) (39). Studies in mouse C2C12 muscle cells suggest that palmitate conversion to ceramide activates protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), leading to the activation of GSK3 and an inhibition of glycogen synthesis (10, 38). In this study, we compare the effects of palmitate on the activity of glycogen synthase and PP2A in cultured muscle cells from subjects over a range of BMI levels and glucose tolerance.
Thirty-three Pima Indians and four Caucasians were admitted to the metabolic ward of the Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section of the National Institutes of Health in Phoenix, Arizona. These individuals gave written informed consent for the studies, which were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the Tribal Council of the Gila River Indian Community. Fitness for the study was determined by medical history, physical examination, electrocardiography, and routine biochemical, hematological, and urine testing. None of the subjects was taking any medication, and no subject had any clinically significant abnormalities on these examinations. The subjects' characteristics are shown in Table 1. Group 1 consists of all 26 of the 37 subjects with data on palmitate inhibition of myoblast glycogen synthase activity. Group 2 consists of all 25 of the 37 subjects with data on palmitate effects on myoblast PP2A activity. Group 3 consists of 14 of the 37 subjects with data on both enzymes; this group was used to test the relative effects of palmitate on glycogen synthase activity vs. PP2A activity. Percent body fat was calculated from body composition determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (42). Individuals with diabetes were excluded according to criteria of the World Health Organization after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test conducted after 3 days on a weight-maintaining diet (20% protein, 50% carbohydrate, and 30% fat).
Myoblast cultures.
After an overnight fast, percutaneous muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle after local anesthesia of skin and fascia with 10 ml of bicarbonate-buffered 1% lidocaine (22). Primary myoblast cultures were established from human muscle with the use of a previously reported method from this laboratory (44). After the removal of fibroblasts from the primary culture, all subsequent cultureware pieces were collagen coated (Biocoat; Becton Dickinson, Bedford, MA). Primary cultures were allowed to grow until 100% confluent in DMEM (GIBCO BRL 11885, Gaithersburg, MD), supplemented with 25 mM HEPES, 17% heat-treated FCS, 2 mM glutamine, 0.5% chick embryo extract, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, and 0.2% Fungizone (GIBCO BRL). These myoblasts were trypsinized and subcultured at 7.5 × 105 cells per 75-cm2 flask in the above growth medium with 10% FCS. Cells between three- and four-cell population doublings (primary cell monolayers are designated as 1-cell population doubling) were plated at 1.0 × 105 cells per 60-mm dish and were allowed to reach 80–90% confluence during 4 days in the above growth medium with 5% FCS. These cells were not tested for mycoplasmal contamination before measurement of the effects of palmitate on glycogen synthase and phosphatase activity.
Monolayers were washed twice with Dulbecco's PBS and incubated at 37°C in DMEM (GIBCO BRL 11966) supplemented with 0.5 mM glucose, 25 mM HEPES, 100 U/ml penicillin, 10 μg/ml streptomycin, 0.2% Fungizone, and 0.5% BSA (fatty acid free; Sigma A7511, St. Louis, MO), plus or minus the indicated concentrations of sodium palmitate (Sigma P9767). The 0.5% BSA and indicated concentrations of palmitate were established by adding the required volumes of a 10% BSA, 25 mM HEPES solution in DMEM with or without 8 mM palmitate to the 18-h incubation medium. Sodium palmitate (8 mM) was prepared in DMEM, 25 mM HEPES, and 10% BSA by gentle stirring for 3.5 h in a 37–38°C water bath. Stock palmitate concentrations were verified by enzymatic analysis (Wako Chemicals, Richmond, VA). At the end of an 18-h incubation period, the cells remained preconfluent and contained <2.0% multinucleated myocytes. Cell monolayers were washed at 4°C once each in Dulbecco's PBS with and without 0.2 mM phloridzin (Sigma P3449).
For measurements of glycogen synthase activity, cell monolayers were covered with 200 μl/dish of 30% glycerol, 10 mM EDTA, and 50 mM KF, pH 7.0. For measurements of phosphatase activity, cell monolayers were covered with 200 μl of 50 mM Tris·HCl, 1 mM EDTA, and 50 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, pH 7.0. The cell monolayers were frozen by floating the 60-mm dish on liquid N2. Frozen monolayers were stored at −70°C.
Enzyme assays.
Frozen cell monolayers for analysis of glycogen synthase or phosphatase activity were collected by scraping the dish at 4°C followed by homogenization (Omni International, Waterbury, CT) and centrifugation at 4°C, 10,000 g for 10 min. Protein was assayed (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Richmond, VA) on 40-μl aliquots of undiluted supernatant. The supernatant for assay of glycogen synthase was diluted 2.3-fold with 50 mM Tris, 130 mM KF, and 20 mM EDTA (pH 7.8), as previously described (22). The active forms (13) of glycogen synthase (GSA) were assayed at a physiological level of 0.17 mM glucose-6-phosphate (low G-6-P), and maximum glycogen synthase activity (MGS) was assayed at 7.2 mM G-6-P (high G-6-P). Activity units are in nanomole per minute per milligram of protein. GSFA is expressed as the activity ratio of GSA to MGS measured at 0.13 mM UDP-glucose. The inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation for this glycogen synthase assay have been previously described (33).
Phosphatase activity was determined using [33P]phosphorylase(a) as described by Nimmo and Cohen (34). For phosphatase activity, 30 μl of supernatant were aliquoted for enzyme assay, with 40 μl frozen for protein assay. After preincubation of each supernatant aliquot with 1 μM or 3 nM okadaic acid (Sigma 07760) for 5 min at 30°C, 70 μl of preincubated [33P]phosphorylase(a) were added to each assay tube. After 6 min at 30°C, the reaction was stopped with 100 μl each of 17.5% TCA and 6 mg/ml BSA at 4°C. After 10 min at 4°C, reaction tubes were centrifuged at 10,000 g for 4 min, and unbound 33P-labeled inorganic phosphate was measured in 200-μl aliquots by liquid scintillation counting. Phosphatase activity was expressed as nanomoles per minute based on the specific activity of [33P]phosphorylase(a). [33P]phosphorylase(a) was prepared as previously described (23). In preliminary experiments using phosphorylase as a substrate, total phosphatase activity in the divalent cation-free myoblast extract described above was completely inhibited by 1 μM okadaic acid (data not shown). Type 2a activity was calculated as the amount of total activity inhibited by 3 nM okadaic acid (12). The interassay coefficient of variation for the PP2A assay was 5.3%. Approximately 70% of the total phosphatase activity was PP2A.
Data analyses.
Data are expressed as means ± SE unless otherwise indicated. Statistical analyses were calculated with the Statistical Analysis System (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). P values were analyzed with Student's paired and nonpaired t-tests. Simple correlations are Pearson product-moment correlations adjusted for age of the muscle donor where appropriate.
Glycogen synthase.
GSFA in the absence of palmitate (control) is not significantly related to the BMI of the muscle donor (Fig. 1A). In the presence of 240 μM palmitate, GSFA is inversely correlated with BMI (r = −0.43, P = 0.03; Fig. 1B). The fraction of control GSFA remaining after cells are treated for 18 h with 240 μM palmitate decreases with increasing BMI (r = −0.50, P = 0.01; Fig. 1C). After palmitate treatment, glycogen synthase activity per unit protein measured in low G-6-P (GSA) and high G-6-P (MGS) are negatively, but not significantly, related to BMI (data not shown).
GSA can be calculated as the product of GSFA and MGS. To investigate the contribution of these activity parameters to the negative relationship between BMI and glycogen synthase activity, group 1 was subdivided into subgroups below and above the median BMI of 33 kg/m2, removing the youngest subject and the oldest subject from the low and high BMI subgroups, respectively, to match the two subgroups for age. The clinical characteristics for these two subgroups are shown in Table 2. Myoblasts from these BMI subgroups (Fig. 2) have the same GSFA levels in the absence of exogenous palmitate. Palmitate produces a larger decrease in the GSFA of the high BMI subgroup (P < 0.03). In the presence and absence of exogenous palmitate, the high BMI subgroup tended to have lower MGS activities that were not statistically different from results for the low BMI subgroup. Within each subgroup, palmitate produced a significant decrease (P < 0.006 and P < 0.02) in MGS. This decrease in MGS, however, was not significantly different between the two subgroups. The product of MGS and GSFA in the presence of palmitate resulted in a GSA for the high BMI subgroup that was 73% of the GSA in the low BMI subgroup (P = 0.05). None of the measures of glycogen synthase activity in the presence or absence of palmitate correlated with 2-h plasma glucose concentrations (2HPG; data not shown).
Protein phosphatase.
Myoblast PP2A activity in the presence or absence of palmitate did not show any relationship with BMI of the group 2 muscle donors (data not shown). In the absence of palmitate, no relationship was observed between myoblast PP2A activity and 2HPG (data not shown). Myoblast PP2A in the presence of palmitate was significantly correlated with 2HPG (r = 0.44, P = 0.03; Fig. 3A). When 2HPG increases for the myoblast donors, palmitate action on myoblast PP2A activity changed from inhibition to stimulation (r = 0.45, P < 0.03; Fig. 3B).
Group 3.
All myoblasts from subjects in groups 1 and 2 with assays of both glycogen synthase and protein phosphatase were used for group 3 to compare palmitate action on the activities of glycogen synthase and type 2A protein phosphatase. The relationships of palmitate action on GSFA (Fig. 4A) or on PP2A (Fig. 4B) with BMI and 2HPG, respectively, were shown to be similar to those observed in the larger groups but were not significant in the 14 group 3 subjects. No correlation was observed for palmitate action on GSFA compared with palmitate action on PP2A (Fig. 4C). Palmitate action on GSA or MGS was also not correlated with palmitate effects on PP2A (data not shown).
Reduced insulin-mediated glucose disposal measured during a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp has been identified as a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (7). Glycogen synthase regulates a rate-limiting step for glucose storage in skeletal muscle. Glucose storage has been identified as a principal site in vivo for reduced insulin action on glucose disposal (28). In insulin-resistant subjects, reduced glycogen synthase activity has been observed in muscle biopsies obtained during a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (8). In cultured muscle cells from obese, insulin-resistant subjects, glycogen synthase activity is reduced in the presence or absence of insulin (14, 33). The mechanism for reduced glycogen storage and glycogen synthase activity in these subjects has not been identified; however, several studies have demonstrated a potential role for PP2A activity (2, 10, 17).
Free fatty acids have been described as an important link between obesity and Type 2 diabetes (3). They have been identified as agents causing reduced insulin secretion by the pancreas (49), elevated hepatic glucose production during a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (6), and reduced insulin-mediated glucose disposal in peripheral tissues (4). The increased effects of free fatty acids in the tissues of obese and insulin-resistant subjects are generally assumed to result from increased cellular exposure to plasma free fatty acids secondary to the increased fat cell mass of obesity. Previous in vivo studies have demonstrated that lipid infusion produces inhibition of skeletal muscle glycogen synthase activity and reduced insulin-mediated glucose uptake (5, 20, 24).
We have previously reported palmitate inhibition of glycogen synthase in cultured human myoblasts (31). This observation is compatible with a report of palmitate or ceramide-mediated reduction in mouse C2C12 myotube glycogen synthesis (38). Here, we demonstrate increased palmitate inhibition of GSFA in cultured muscle cells from subjects over a range of BMI. Although the GSFA was decreased by palmitate in the myoblasts from the more obese subjects (Fig. 1), the control cell GSFA did not correlate with increasing BMI. The comparison of age-matched subgroups from group 1 subjects with BMI above or below 33 kg/m2 (Fig. 2) indicates that both GSFA and MGS are significantly decreased by palmitate in each subgroup. A decrease in MGS suggests a reduction in total available enzyme. A decrease in GSFA suggests increased phosphorylation and inactivation of available enzyme. These results indicate that palmitate can change both enzyme turnover rate and the phosphorylation state of glycogen synthase as mechanisms for reducing glucose storage rates. The significantly greater palmitate inhibition of GSFA in the high-BMI subgroup compared with the low-BMI subgroup suggests an abnormality in palmitate regulation of glycogen synthase phosphorylation state in the high-BMI subgroup. The results for MGS in Fig. 2 do not support an increased palmitate-mediated reduction in glycogen synthase protein in the high-BMI subgroup.
These observations indicate that equimolar concentrations of extracellular long-chain fatty acids could produce greater reduction of glucose storage in skeletal muscle of obese subjects in vivo because of an intrinsically greater sensitivity or response of GSFA to long-chain fatty acids. The increased palmitate action on glycogen synthase in myoblasts from obese subjects may also be the enzymatic explanation for the previously reported palmitate inhibition of insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis in myotubes from insulin-resistant subjects (19). The latter study in myotubes and the results reported here are unique in describing increased palmitate action on the glucose storage pathway in cells from subjects at risk for developing Type 2 diabetes.
In an attempt to understand the mechanism for increased palmitate inhibition of GSFA in cultured muscle from obese subjects, we measured palmitate effects on PP2A activity under the same conditions used to measure glycogen synthase activity. Fourteen of these cultures with and without palmitate were simultaneously assayed for glycogen synthase activity and PP2A activity. This phosphatase is specifically identified by inhibition with nanomolar okadaic acid in the absence of divalent cations and represents a potentially large family of phosphatase enzymes that have been characterized as holoenzymes (reviewed in Ref. 18). Examples of this complex contain the catalytic subunit and a scaffolding subunit that interact with regulatory subunits. The number of different PP2A holoenzyme complexes involved in palmitate regulation of PP2A in myoblasts is not known. PP2A activity has been implicated in palmitate inhibition of glycogen synthesis (10). Palmitate is incorporated into ceramide (30), which can activate PP2A activity (11). In C2C12 mouse myotubes, palmitate activated PP2A, which apparently dephosphorylated and inactivated protein kinase B (10). Palmitate-initiated dephosphorylation of protein kinase B is associated with decreased phosphorylation of GSK3 and reduced glycogen synthesis after insulin stimulation (38). GSK3 phosphorylates several critical sites on glycogen synthase that, along with other kinase activities, progressively inhibit glycogen synthase activity (39, 40).
Abnormal regulation of PP2A activity in relation to diabetes has previously been reported in two different tissues. In the Goto-Kakizaki rat model for diabetes, adipocyte basal cytosolic PP2A activity was elevated compared with levels shown in controls and failed to suppress in the presence of insulin (2). In a study that used human skeletal muscle, PP2A catalytic α-subunit protein reduced insulin-mediated downregulation in individuals with Type 2 diabetes (17). This result indicates that the synthesis and degradation rates of a specific PP2A catalytic subunit isoform could describe a second mechanism that contributes to or explains elevated PP2A activity in diabetic subjects. In isolated β-cells, ceramide increases PP2A activity (26). In isolated rat islets (21), palmitate-induced increases in ceramide inhibit glucose-stimulated insulin gene expression. Long-term exposure to fatty acids inhibits glucose-induced insulin secretion in rats (49). Together, these studies of pancreatic cells indicate that impaired early insulin secretion, which is a principal risk factor for development of Type 2 diabetes in humans (48), could be secondary to fatty acid-mediated increases in PP2A activity.
In results reported here in human myoblasts from subjects over a range of 2HPG levels, palmitate action on PP2A activity changes from inhibition to activation as oral glucose tolerance deteriorates. Our group (31, 33) has previously rationalized that metabolic characteristics in the cultured myoblast, which relate to the clinical characteristics of the cell donor, are intrinsic to the cells from each research subject, as opposed to a response of each cell's metabolism to the in vivo nutrient and hormonal differences at the time of tissue biopsy. Adipokines such as TNF-α, which can have large effects on muscle glucose metabolism (1), are therefore unlikely to be responsible for the alterations in palmitate action observed here in cultured muscle cells. The assumption that the stimulation of PP2A activity by palmitate is inherent in the myoblasts from subjects with worsening glucose tolerance suggests that a similar inherent increased palmitate response could exist in other tissues from the same subjects. It is possible, therefore, that a mechanism for increased palmitate stimulation of PP2A could be responsible for the abnormal regulation of glucose metabolism where PP2A has been suggested to regulate pathways associated with the development of diabetes. Examples include the adipocytes in Goto-Kakizaki diabetic rats (2), skeletal muscle glycogen synthesis in mouse and humans (10, 17, 19), and pancreatic cells in rats (21, 26).
Palmitate or ceramide have previously been described as metabolites capable of desensitizing insulin action in mouse myotubes (10) and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (41). An increased palmitate-desensitizing action was described above for insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis in insulin-resistant compared with normal subjects (19). This desensitization may involve ceramide activation of specific kinases, which compete for phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1, reducing insulin action (15). The results presented here for increased palmitate inhibition of GSFA and stimulation of PP2A are unlikely to be secondary to desensitization of insulin receptor substrate-1 to insulin in muscle cells, which have been in serum-free and insulin-free conditions for 18 h. These observations support the concept for an abnormality in palmitate action that works independent of insulin signal transduction and may explain both alterations in basal metabolism and contribute to reduced insulin action in subjects at risk for Type 2 diabetes.
The absence of an inverse relationship between palmitate inhibition of GSFA and palmitate stimulation of PP2A activity suggests that the PP2A activity measured here in the postmitochondrial supernatant may not be the primary source of palmitate regulation of the synthase in the same subcellular fraction. Given the complex regulatory schemes and multiple isoforms available for PP2A regulation (reviewed in Ref. 18), the failure to observe a phosphatase-to-synthase relationship does not preclude the possibility for involvement of a PP2A enzyme in the abnormal regulation of GSFA. Further studies are needed to identify the specific isoforms of PP2A regulated by palmitate in human muscle and which complex can regulate glycogen synthase activity.
Additional mechanisms should be considered to explain palmitate action on glycogen synthase activity. Palmitate stimulates the activation of 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by AMPK kinase. AMPK increases fatty acid oxidation in L6 myotubes (46) and phosphorylates a glycogen synthase peptide in rat skeletal muscle that can inhibit synthase activity (9). If AMPK activity were increased in skeletal muscle of obese subjects, it could explain both the previously reported increase in palmitate oxidation (31) and the increased inhibition of glycogen synthase reported here.
The previous study from this laboratory on palmitate inhibition of glycogen synthase activity in human myoblasts (31) failed to show any relationship between palmitate action on glycogen synthase activity and variations in muscle donor insulin resistance or BMI. To increase palmitate oxidation rates (27) and GSFA (16), the previous study omitted glucose during the 18-h palmitate treatment. The authors (31) speculated that the absence of glucose during palmitate treatment could have blocked an abnormal response of myoblasts from obese insulin-resistant subjects to palmitate effects on glycogen synthase activity. The different conclusion reached here using glucose in the study of the relationship between palmitate action on GSFA and the BMI of the myoblast donors could be based on one or a combination of potential glucose effects on palmitate inhibition of GSFA. The addition of glucose in the present study would 1) likely reduce palmitate oxidation (27), potentially providing more palmitate for increased ceramide production in the higher BMI subjects. The resulting increased inhibition of protein kinase B and activation of GSK3 could increase inhibition of GSFA as noted above and reduce GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane, reducing glucose uptake (43). The addition of glucose would also 2) lower control GSFA (16), which based on the reported hierarchical phosphorylation of the multiple phosphorylation sites on glycogen synthase (37) could provide different phosphorylation sites on the synthase with altered specificity for fatty acid stimulated kinase activities; 3) increase glucose available for formation of glucosamine-6-phosphate, leading to increased glycosylation and inhibition of glycogen synthase (35) by the hexosamine pathway (29). Here, palmitate could increase glucose flux through the hexosamine pathway by the inhibition of glycolysis described for the glucose-fatty acid cycle (36) or by increasing glutamine fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (47). The results presented here in myoblasts from human subjects demonstrate an increased response to palmitate for 1) inhibition of GSFA as subject BMI increases and 2) activation of PP2A in subjects with more impaired oral glucose tolerance. Both of these observations are made in the insulin-free state, but the underlying mechanism could cause or contribute to previously identified examples of reduced insulin action.
This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
We thank the clinical staff for professional assistance. Most of all, we are grateful to the volunteers for cooperation during this study. We also thank Shannon Parrington and Tom Brookshire, PA-C, in our research unit for excellent technical support.
Present addresses: K. Stone, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287; M. Gessel, Dixie State College, 225 S 700 E, St George, UT 84770.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
- Copyright © 2008 by American Physiological Society


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Investment results
The questionnaire suggests one of 9 asset allocations based on the information you provide. Investment returns for the asset allocations are based on the following benchmark indexes:
Source: The Vanguard Group.
*For U.S. short-term reserves, we use the Ibbotson U.S. 30-Day Treasury Bill Index from 1926 to 1977, and the Citigroup 3-Month U.S. Treasury Bill Index thereafter.
**For U.S. bond market returns, we use the Standard & Poor's High Grade Corporate Index from 1926 to 1968; the Citigroup High Grade Index from 1969 to 1972; the Lehman U.S. Long Credit Aa Index from 1973 to 1975; the Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index through December 31, 2009; and the Barclays U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index thereafter.
***For U.S. stock market returns, we use the Standard & Poor's 90 Index from 1926 to March 3, 1957; the Standard & Poor's 500 Index from March 4, 1957 to 1974; the Wilshire 5000 Index from 1975 to April 22, 2005; and the MSCI US Broad Market Index thereafter.
Keep in mind that the suggested allocation and funds are based on limited information. Conduct additional research or consult a professional advisor for more detailed recommendations.
Annual returns and inflation for a given asset allocation are based on historic data from 1926 through the last calendar year. Past performance is not a guarantee or a prediction of future results.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
You can freeze/disable apps in the App Manager settings menu.
However you can't remove/uninstall apps without root permission.
Some you can't even disable. Without root your just sol. Rooting is not bad and the towel root method doesn't trip knox.
Sent from my SM-G900T using Tapatalk
Yes, but only some. You can disable almost all apps. And that is the only solution for OP, as his phone has not been rooted.
thanks mine is rooted just my daughters is not if you have teenager you would understand she thinks i'm going to install tracking device plus mess up her phone.LOL i install quick boot and she blame me that her phone is slow now because i touch it
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text:
Michigan Governor Rick Snyder signed into law last month a bill passed by the state legislature that amends Albion College's nearly 155-year-old charter to make it more closely resemble the charters of Michigan colleges established after Albion.
One amendment gives the College flexibility to have up to 33 Trustees on its board, instead of exactly 33 previously, while another repeals a provision in which the board holds formal quorum procedures in the "election" of the College's president. The board will still select and appoint the president, but the basis for it will lie in the board's governing by-laws, matching the process of other colleges.
Under the amendments, not more than six trustees would be appointed by the United Methodist Church, not more than two would be recent graduates, not more than six would be appointed by the alumni and not more than 20 would be elected by the board generally.
"While from a legislative perspective this will be considered rather straightforward and noncontroversial legislation, from Albion College's perspective these are important and very helpful amendments to our chartering statute," said President Donna Randall earlier this year in testimony before the Senate Education Committee.
Another amendment provides the College's Board of Trustees proper protection and indemnification from liability and lawsuits when they are properly and diligently performing their responsibilities as trustees, in accordance with the provisions available to nonprofit corporations under the Michigan Nonprofit Corporations Act.
"This simply permits for Albion College what other colleges and other nonprofit corporations have been able to claim," said Randall before the committee.
Michigan colleges and universities established after Albion were chartered through the state Board of Education, and their Articles of Incorporation are filed through the State Corporations Division. However, Albion's educational charter and what constitutes its Articles of Incorporation are contained in Public Act No. 72 of 1857, which builds on several earlier acts dating back to the College's founding in 1835, two years before Michigan statehood. It's a "historical and statutory status which we highly value," Randall said, but as a result requires legislative action to amend.
The bill passed unanimously in both the Michigan Senate and House of Representatives before reaching the governor's desk. Albion's Board of Trustees unanimously approved the governance changes before sending them on to the state legislature for action.


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Not only is it International Women's Day this week but queen of style Sarah Jessica Parker is fronting Net-a-Porter's online magazine for their power issue. Fashion, fabulous females and celebrity features - we're sold.
SJP told Net-a-Porter (the ultimate destination for beyond-beautiful...EVERYTHING) of her busy schedule: her own production company, charity work, roles on the big screen and of being a hands-on mum of three. When it comes to women and inspiration she revealed: ""I'm a huge fan of Hillary Clinton. Her curiosity is so compelling to me, her desire to listen and learn and travel. Personally, and I mean this with all sincerity, I will be very, very sad if she doesn't choose to run. "
Talking about Sex and the City she said: "I think it certainly encouraged women to share more candidly. I don't know if it empowered women. I hesitate to say whether we were the pioneers or whether we gave voice to something that was there, but I recognize there was a connection." For sure - we'll never tire of that four-strong friendship and all that sharing. Yes Samantha Jones.
As for the matter of shoes - can anyone walk tall in Manolos like Sarah? She told the Net-a-Porter that: "For ten or so years, I literally ran in heels. I worked 18-hour days and never took them off. I wore beautiful shoes, some better made than others, and never complained. " Well if the leather is fine and the heels are fabulous - who would?
For the full interview check out The Power Issue plus Arianna Huffington's interview and shoot with photographer Francois Dischinger. Here's a sneaky peak of our ultimate woman in the power seat:


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Thomas G.wrote a review of Stoic Hadron Down Vest - Men's on February 22, 2012
nice vest
The color is really nice, like a subdued purple kind of thing. It fits well under a shell and keeps you really warm skiing or walking/hiking. The lack of hand pockets is weird but hasn't bothered me.


text: Sorry if the title is a little misleading. I don't have a photo of the gun, it was at the local gun shop. It is a 5 inch Springfield Armory Stainless Steel .45 auto. The top of the slide is ported (supposedly factory ported), and the barrel has porting holes also. I couldn't find it on the SA website, and am wondering if this is a factory port job. The gunshop owner said he took it in on a trade, and asking price is $579.00. Does anyone have any knowledge about this gun? Does SA offer a ported weapon? Is this price out of line for the gun in excellent condition with two mags?


text:
Does anyone know an easy way (easy = not spending a lot of $$) to scan something and print it on fabric? I have a vintage tea towel that I posted about a while back, I want to scan the pictures on it and print them on fabric. I tried this morning and not sure I like the way it came out.
I scanned the towel. Then I took a piece of 8.5x11 piece of fabric and sprayed it with batting glue. Then stuck it to a piece of copier paper and ran it thru my printed (praying that I wouldn't ruin my printed with the glue)
It came out and I was thrilled.. until I tried to clean a spot with water and it left a water mark. You can see it in the pic, on the right of the print.
Any ideas?


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The introductory Latin courses are designed to teach the student to read and to translate increasingly more complex passages from Latin literature. The passages provide insights into ancient Roman thought, which is still exercising influence today. The approach is a traditional one and involves the study of grammatical structures, knowledge of which proves useful in the study of other languages, including English. Since a great number of English words are derived from Latin, the student's English vocabulary is enlarged. Of course, the student learns the meaning of common Latin expressions, such as et cetera and habeas corpus.
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The Peoples Democratic Party, PDP, has on Sunday night, made an open declaration that the November 26 Gubernatorial election in the Ondo State, would no longer hold, except the issues of the candidacy of the party is resolved.
The Ondo State Governor, Olusegun Mimiko, who doubles as the National Chairman of the PDP Governors Forum, disclosed this on behalf of the party.
The Governor, expressed the assurance that the candidate of the Ahmed Makarfi faction of the party, Mr. Eyitayo Jegede (SAN), would contest the election.
According to him, the PDP as a party in Nigeria and Ondo State in particular, is a major stakeholder in election matters, and no one can prevent the party from participating in the forthcoming Governorship election in the State.
He said, "I don't know how they will do it, it is impossible for them to deny us our right. Justice will stand, and Jegede will contest this election. Election can't take place in Ondo State without the PDP."
The Governor, further explained that the substitution of name by the Independent National Electoral Commission, INEC, was a conspiracy, because the decision of the electoral body could not find comfort "in justice, in principle, in law, and in morality."
Mimiko, who noted that redress had been sought by Jegede, the PDP, and major stakeholders, assured party members that justice would be done, because the alleged impunity on the matter would not stand.
The Governor, commended President Muhammadu Buhari, for his action towards good and credible elections in the country, by ensuring that justice would be done regarding the Ondo election.
He however, debunked insinuations that he went to see Buhari, as a prelude to crossing over to the All Progressives Congress, APC.
He explained, "I had to see the President in my capacity as the Chief Security Officer in Ondo State, briefing the Chief Security Officer of the country, on the need to allow justice to prevail, and Mr. President gave his commitment, to ensure that justice will be done, and I have no reason to doubt him."Justice will stand, and Jegede will contest the election. Election can't take place without the PDP.
"We know those that are behind this. It is beyond the President. Their thinking is that without Jegede, they will win, but their plan will fail," he said.
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Brandy Avery
~ True Feelings About Life ~ - Poem by Brandy Avery
With the night brings the day. A new set of worries and scares. No one I have can I tell my tears. You stung your last sting. Being sad and gloomy isn't a really nice thing. You drag me behind you in the dirt. It's hard to believe that you don't see my hurt. Your words bring my heart and soul down. It's time, I'm done, and no longer will I frown. I must stand tall and strong. Because you and your words are wrong. Very hard to believe you can't see. When what you do and say hurts me. This feeling I cannot hide. I need to tell you what I feel inside. My head and heart are telling me to go. I feel this is something you must know. I've fallin out of love with you. To my heart I must be true. We must end me and you.
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What happens when you take 15 girls committed to rocking hearts, changing minds, and shifting girl culture for the better forever? Pure. Magic. This October IATG launched our first Leadership Retreat, an opportunity to bring a handful of Local Chapter leaders together to dig deep, get real, and get closer to living and loving their authentic selves. For four days we shared deeply, laughed loudly, spoke truthfully, and lifted each other in the journey to LOVE, EXPRESS, and BE who we really are.
Giving us the extra boost along the way were some truly amazing, inspiring people who gave their time, hearts, and resources freely to help make the treat so successful. Erin Condren, the graphic goddess behind the whimsical paper and lifestyle products of Erin Condren Designs, graciously outfitted our leaders with customized luggage, personalized stationary and markers, gorgeous life planners, and super sweet journals among other lovely items. (All Photos courtesy Sequoia Ziff)
Our leaders arrived in style with custom IATG roller bags from Erin Condren Designs!
Gorgeous goodies from Erin Condren Designs!
We had the privilege of having Erin join us for an afternoon conversation about finding inspiration, following your passion, and overcoming challenges along the way.
Erin Condren: She is THAT GIRL!
Some of our most magical (a surprise visit and dance party with Sophia Bush?! WHAT?! Yes, THAT happened!) moments were captured on film thanks to the fine folks at GoPro who donated cameras to all the girls. Videographers Jack Mitrani and Audrey Buchanan were our resident GoPro "Pros," shooting and editing some sweet vines for Instagram!
We lounged, laughed, and showed up to do the serious work wrapped in comfort and style from our good friends at Dormify.
Set the stage. Change the world, Dormify style!
Alexis Jones, Emily Greener LOVE our Dormify digs!!
And every morning we greeted the day celebrating our bodies and our minds with yoga sessions outfitted in gear provided by Beyond Yoga.
Because when you're shifting girl culture, you gotta go all in heart, mind, AND body. Thanks Beyond Yoga!
From food and beverage sponsors to all our guests and guest speakers to the IATG Board who shared their own stories and spent time to mentor and have conversations that mattered—EVERY single individual that came together to support this meeting and our IATG Family made an impact that is immeasurable.
But don't take our word for it, here's what some of our leaders had to say:
I approach everything now with this new positive mindset of coming from a place of openness and love to everyone in everything I do and already people have told me they feel a change in me. I can handle stress better and I feel more present with others.
I am so grateful to have been a part of this retreat. I never in a million years could have imagined that I would be a part of an organization as touching and meaningful as IATG. When I joined, I knew I would never be the same. When I was asked to come to the retreat I was so excited because I knew it would change the way I looked at life as well as looked at myself, and it did. I learned so much about how to help myself and help the other girls in my chapter.
Dinner [where we shared why we are THAT GIRL] was the first time I felt my wall coming down, and it continued to fall throughout the weekend. It was such a beautiful setting, and everyone was so present. I looked back on this dinner often throughout the weekend to appreciate the moment when we all got real together for the first time.
Erin's story really resonated with me. I appreciated her realistic approach to jobs, working, making money, building a company, etc. I think is brilliant in a lot of different ways and I was honored to have had the time to sit down with her.
I can't pick a favorite moment, but a moment where I felt most at home and comfortable was during the "pool party" when a bunch of us leaders were waiting to be taped for the video. We were so incredibly comfortable with one another, the sun was setting on us, we were sitting on top of each other, we were in awe of our weekend, we were all on a high, and we were so supportive on one another. Everyone was loving everyone and I was very happy in this moment.
I love that we had such a sisterhood so quickly that I made it so easy to sit and talk to anyone about absolutely anything. Those precious moments are all because of the culture you made for us and the sessions that left us raw and inspired
I learned that I DO have the power to lead with vulnerability and love and openness and help people recognize their potential and inspire them. And that hiding my struggles only closes me off from people. I can connect so much better when I open up. People are so beautiful in their perfectly imperfect ways.
It meant the world to be here. I am still so overcome and so humbled that I was given this privilege and opportunity to be a part of something so life-changing with such powerful, radiant people.


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'Destiny' - Upcoming game by 'Halo' creators set to change the future of gaming
Destiny, an upcoming sci-fi, action-adventure first-person shooter developed by Bungie in association with Activision underwent a beta release today.
The official relase of the game is will happen on September this year.
A display for the Destiny game stands outside of the Los Angeles Convention Center at the E3 Electronic Entertainment Expo in Los Angeles, California. Pic/AFP
According to the game's official website, in Destiny, a Guardian of the last city on Earth, able to wield incredible power. Explore the ancient ruins of our solar system, from the red dunes of Mars to the lush jungles of Venus. Defeat Earth's enemies. Reclaim all that we have lost. Become legend.
The game features rich cinematic storytellying where you ' unravel the mysteries of our universe and reclaim what we lost at the fall of our Golden Age.'
The gameplay of destiny provides an unprecedented combination of storytelling, cooperative, competitive, and public gameplay, and personal activities that are all seamlessly woven into an expansive, persistent online world.
Furthermore, the player can personalize and upgrade every aspect of how you look and fight with a nearly limitless combination of armor, weapons, and visual customizations.


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Back on thread topic.. lmao at damntoni being exposed... I got a good laugh.. then a rage of fustration came to me..
Wait, Douglas messes up the inbounds play and it's D'Antoni's fault? Douglas apologized to his teammates today for screwing up the play. I'm fine with calling out D'Antoni but you guys take it to another level. Sheesh. Should we blame the economy on D'Antoni too? What about the violence in the Middle East. It must be D'Antoni's fault.
I haven't seen the apology from Toney, so that's whatever.
But when I watch the Miami Heat steal an inbounds play, from the Celtics, where a man is a decoy and runs a defender out of the paint, two players set a couple of successive screens for a player running baseline >> key >> baseline for a chance at a easy play at the rim, where the options are field goal/field goal+and-one/free throws, and the play that Douglas allegedly messed up was "get Melo the ball, and do whatever the **** it is that you want to do" on a night where shots aren't exactly coming at a high percentage out of the ISOs....I have a huge problem. DRAW. UP. AN. ACTUAL. PLAY. COACH!!!
Spin it as me blaming Mike D'Antoni for crime in the inner cities, the ungodly heat in Qatar, or the fact that women shop so damn much.
But he's the coach, he's not coaching, he politics with the refs and yells at no-name players.
Why is Melo even asking if Mike wants a 2 or a 3? Shouldn't the play specify EXACTLY what shot he's taking?
Are we even ****ing serious anymore? This is a joke right? Right?!?!?
Guess if I was simple in the mind...everything would be fine.
Alan Hahn reported today that it was Douglas' mistake as he did not cut on the inbounds. Douglas messed up the cut and Melo had to freelance. Melo did not want to throw his teammate under the bus when addressing the media. Toney Douglas apologized to his teammates today.
You guys are too funny. No matter what goes wrong with the Knicks, it will always be D'Antoni's fault. Look, I don't want D'Antoni here either because the roster built by Dolan does not work with D'Antoni's system. I don't expect D'Antoni to change his system because I can't think of a single coach that has changed their system. And I would not be surprised if D'Antoni doesn't want to be here anymore as he sees the writing on the wall too. We need a Larry Brown type coach here now to get the best out of this roster.
But for f#ck's sake, I swear, D'Antoni could find the cure for cancer and you guys would hate him for it. Just be reasonable is all I ask. It's ok to occasionally blame the players. You give them all the credit for the wins, they can certainly share some of the blame for the losses.
Last edited by LJ4ptplay; Jan 03, 2012 at 21:15.
D'Antoni is gone after this season if not earlier, mark my words.
And since you are saying this is Melo's team and he is coaching this team frequently, then shouldn't Melo get the blame for how pathetic the team is? Oh wait, that must be only when the team wins. When the team wins, it's 100% the players, when they lose, it's 100% D'Antoni.
SMH. Fans are so funny. It's OK to occasionally blame a player for a Knick loss. It happens sometimes.
We shot 35 f**king 3 ptrs. 35 and only hit 10. Please someone tell me what SANE coach allows a team to shot 35 3 ptrs in one game? After that, it was jump shot after jump shot. No one posting up. We did cut into the lead, and this started because guys started penetrating and making baskets or kicking out for a HIGH % shot. Coach never once said we shot too many 3's, I don't think, but he said shots weren't falling, this is who he is. Stat can shot the 3 as long as he makes it, Melo can decide what he wants to do at the end of the game. This is what he did with Nash, who made him look good, but I hope we see who really coached those Phoenix teams now. When are we gonna find away to get easy, high percentage plays closer to the basket? when are we going to emplement some type of zone defense. When are the players going to be held responsible for taking dumb shots, Toney had a few. We never adjusted on defense against the Raptors the whole game, the announcers saw it, we saw it, and the Raptors saw it, and burned us on it twice in the final minute. Guess what, their coach didn't have to wait until after the game and see the FILM to realize what he as a COACH needed to do to pull out a win. This guy has to go, it's awful guys. We
looked good against the Kings because they were hot on offense. We had a large lead, and during one stretch of that game, we continued to march down court with all 5 guys standing around the 3 point line jacking up the 1st 3 point attempt they could get until the Kings cut into our lead. If that had been a better team, we would have lost that game as well. If you don't believe me, please find the game and see fir yourselves.
Last edited by Knicks#7; Jan 03, 2012 at 22:49.
Lol, Knicks#7 got to it before me.
35 3-PT attempts. Thirty five. It's like....some members of the forum don't even watch the games. That loss to the Raptors was clearly MDA's fault on many different levels.
At what point was enough, enough, from behind the line? They shot 10 or 11 3s in the first Q...that's an entire half for most teams.
Ok, yea, Toney may have flubbed the final play (I'm still not sure why Melo had free reign to ask "do you want a 2 or a 3?" the play should dictate that, but I digress) but there was another 47 mins and 49.3 secs to that game. Where was MDA then? When Melo ISO'd 9 times in a row, ummm, helllllllllllllllllo, coach....call a TO and straighten **** out.
But do the players even listen?
This goes beyond whether his system fits or not.
We need a coach who's respected, influential, and competent.
His system........lol. Like That's the prevalent issue here. Not the fact he said about STAT's 3-PT shots "they're ok as long as they go in".....dude, what? I don't even....but....aren't ALL 3-pointers good if they....so, you're........we're ****ed.
Guess if I was simple in the mind...everything would be fine.
Let's not expose ourselves by trying so hard to expose MDA -- like LJ exposed, Douglas did **** up the play. Regardless, Melo himself thought he took a quality shot under the circumstances. And it was. A decent 3 by a hot Melo vs whatever type of 2 you think Toney Douglas should have orchestrated...followed by hitting it...following by them missing...following by us hitting....
And telling Melo that a 2 or a 3 will be fine...is fine. Melo is a superstar offensive force, and on fire. Trying to micromanage and pre-determine whether a 2 or a 3 would be best just makes no sense, and isn't realistic. So Melo should be told whether to take a 2 or a 3, for sure, when in the actual game there is a high probablity that the situation will dictate otherwise?
Obv MDA wanted Douglas to try to orchestrate an even higher % winning play, prior to kicking it to Melo for a 3.
That Tony ****ed it up, and MDA is getting witchhunted over it, is a perfect example that actually exposes our biggest problem -- the worst backcourt in the NBA and having the PG blackhole equivalent to what has in years past been our blackhole at Center.
It sucks, but strawmanning MDA because we (ironically) finally fixed our 5 only to then find outselves with a tantamount blackhole at the 1 isn't going to change anything.
Let's sit back and enjoy this interesting and talented hodgepodge of a team find itself. What progresses and how we do in the playoffs will determine the success of this season and the success of MDA this season. MDA should be replaced with a more suitable coach if he isn't able to control the roster we have by that point.
**** looks wack right now because we are playing without a legitimate NBA point guard, STAT has been injured for half the season, and a lot of NBA teams that brought on or lost major players are playing funky because of the lockout.
We don't look wack because of MDA. Just like last year, pre-Melo, we didn't look wack when we suddenly found ourselves a surprisingly dangerous, playoff bound team.
We are going to make the playoffs. We are going to get a legitimate NBA point guard. Our players will play better together, and our offense (and defense) will get demonstrably better as a result of both.
IMHO, MD'A isn't an all-around style of coach; he wants high-energy plays for players with quick-reflexes. When the team isn't performing up to those expectations, he's not going to compensate for anything, but rather barrel through. It's a great strength to be so optimistic, but also a great weakness.
I love your optimism, my friend, but I can't handle another 10 games of hoping something will click. Not after 100+ games of suffering through the same, revolving issues with D'Antoni ball.
Regarding the way we attempt to win, I'd seen enough of deviating from the customary, methodical course under D'Antoni by mid season last year. I think that the modern/traditional approach on offense is the way we need to go. Yes, our backcourt is horrible, but that is/ they are a product of being misplaced and not having their best abilities adjusted for - Fields in particular.
MD does not get the best out of his team, and he hasn't since he left Phoenix for NY.
Now back to the D'Ant Rant
My reasons for being yet another D'Antoni detractor.
Because the vast majority, bar SSj4Wingzero, tend not to elaborate
When analyzing the Knicks issues at the start of this season, and for the duration of the last, I do blame the philosophy and the coach 8/10 for the following reasons, as we've had the same issues throughout:
- lack of a reliable continuity between our key players
- lack of utilizing our offensive strengths, both individual, tandem or team [particularly inside]
- our painstaking predictability. Once opponent's defense has synched itself with our offense, the chucking begins, the stagnancy, the confusion and so on. This is when you see D'Antoni at his most animated.
And the cycle has continued since Amar'e first donned O&B. Since the Melo trade, they've exacerbated out of control. Our most recent game being the final straw for me.
From watching and re-watching every Knick game, that's how I see, and have seen it, since opening tip in Toronto last year.
The +/- offensively precedented philosophy of Mike D'Antoni looks great when the bombs are dropping, but I believe it's the most out coachable offense in the game, because it's not diverse enough, has no alternate plays drawn up for a high % basket when necessary, detracts from teamwork, and is highly prone to predictability and monotony. If it stops working, we're ****ed.
I see our team members, Chandler in particular, and I just see an obvious mismatch of style VS substance, and in this short season, I don't believe we can afford to keep making the same mistakes.
I see a need to revert to a controlled, deliberate offense that takes a back seat to defense. We have the offensive talent to deliver that.
Mike D'Antoni is not the coach nor the man with the method for this job, with this roster.
__________________________________________________ _____________________
All the best for the new year, by the way, broheem. May 2012 be a year full of hot poon and good times for you and your crew.
damn man you guys have to say nsfw in these threads.... its ok to be on the computer where I'm at its not ok to be looking at thongs.....


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"The parish of Stoke-upon-Trent comprises about two thirds of the populous district called the Staffordshire Potteries, including all the towns and villages lying south of Burslem and east of Newcastle-under-Lyme. Though now containing upwards of 55,000 inhabitants and about 12,000 acres of land, it was formerly of much greater extent, until it was reduced by an Act of Parliament, passed in 1807, entitled 'An Act for separating the Chapelries and Chapels of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Burslem, Whitmore, Bucknall-cum-Bagnall, and Norton-in-the-Moors from the Rectory and Parish Church of Stoke-upon-Trent, and for making them five distinct rectories'.
Stoke-upon-Trent, the capital, although not the largest town of the borough and parish to which it gives name, is pleasantly situated in the township or liberty of Penkhull-with-Boothen, in a picturesque valley, on the banks of the River Trent and the Trent & Mersey Canal, one and a half miles E of Newcastle-under-Lyme. What was properly called Stoke, until about 70 years ago, consisted of only five houses, but the name is now applied to the town, situate at a short distance to the west, under the lofty hill on which stands the large village of Penkhull, which appears to be one of the oldest seats of the earthenware manufacture, for it had three brown ware potteries in 1600. Here are several of the largest porcelain and earthenware manufacturies in the Potteries, and a commodious range of warehouses and wharfs on the Trent & Mersey Canal. Here also are the head offices and station of the North Staffordshire Railway
The other principal villages in the township of Penkhull-with-Boothen, and their distances from Stoke are:
Boothen, one mile S, belonging chiefly to Sir Thomas FF Boughey, Bart.
Basford, one mile NW where there are extensive brick and tile works.
Hartshill, one mile W where there is a handsome new church.
Oak Hill, one mile S, the seat of MD Hollins, Esq.
Trent Vale, one and a half miles S, which has several handsome villas, and extends to Hanford Bridge, and was formerly called Black Lion.
Cliffe Ville, half a mile W, the seat of FW Tomlinson, Esq.
Fenton, in the two manors and liberties of Fenton Culvert and Fenton Vivian, forms a populous suburb, extending from Stoke to Longton, with many neat houses and large china and earthenware manufactories, and the hamlets of Lane Delph, Foley, and Sideaway.
Botteslow, is a small liberty, about two miles SE of Hanley, with a number of scattered farmhouses and three collieries."
[From History, Gazetteer and Directory of Staffordshire, William White, Sheffield, 1851]
'The Borough of Stoke-upon-Trent...'
by John Ward
Published 1843, by W Lewis & Son, London.
Republished 1969, by SR Publishers Ltd, Wakefield, Yorkshire.
'The History of the City of Stoke-on-Trent & the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme'
Compiled by Robert Nicholls from the history published by John Ward.
Published 1931, by Wood, Mitchell & Co, Hanley.
'A Sociological History of the City of Stoke-on-Trent'
by Ernest James Dalzell Warrillow
Published 1960, by Etruscan Publications, Stoke-on-Trent.
Silver Jubilee Edition published 1977, by Ironmarket, Newcastle.
'Stoke-on-Trent. Federation and After'
by John Gilbert Jenkins
Published 1985, by Staffordshire County Library, Stafford.
'Penkhull Memories'
by Elizabeth Fanshawe
Published 1983, by Staffordshire County Library, Stafford.
'The Church and Ancient Parish of Stoke-upon-Trent'
by Richard Talbot
Published 1969, by Richard Talbot, Stoke-on-Trent.
'The Methodists of Penkhull Village'
by H Eva Beech
Published 1986, by Penkhull Methodist Church, Stoke-on-Trent.
'The Archdeaconry of Stoke-on-Trent. Historical Notes, etc'
by Sanford William Hutchinson
Published 1893, by Bemrose & Sons, London.
'Hulton Abbey. Stoke-on-Trent's Cistercian Abbey'
by Thelma W Lancaster
Published 1981, 1984, by City Museum & Art Gallery, Stoke-on-Trent.
'The Story of Christ Church, Tunstall, Stoke-on-Trent, 1832-1982'
by John G Llewellyn
Published 1982, by JG Llewellyn, Tunstall.
'The Church on the Hill, or 100 Years in a Potteries' Parish.
A Short History of the Parish & Church of St John, Goldenhill, Stoke-on-Trent'
by Jack James.
Published 1944, Stoke-on-Trent.
'The Stoke to Market Drayton Line, & Associated Canals & Mineral Branches'
by CR Lester
Published 1983, by Oakwood, Trowbridge, Wiltshire.
'On the Mortality of the Parish of Stoke-upon-Trent, with reference to its causes,
and the ratio of deaths among children and potters'
by John Thomas Aldridge
Published 1864, by T Crewe, Newcastle.
A surname index only of the 1851 census for the Stoke-upon-Trent area is included in the 1851 Staffordshire Census Surname Index, Vol 5, Parts 1 & 2, Stoke-upon-Trent, published by the Birmingham and Midland SGH.
You can also perform a more selective search for churches in the Stoke-upon-Trent area or see them printed on a map.
Church History
"The Parish Church, St Peter ad Vincula, is a large and handsome fabric in the modern ornamented Gothic style of architecture, It was built in 1829, near the site of the old church, which was a venerable fabric in the Saxon style. The rectory is in the patronage and incumbency of the Rev John Wickes Tomlinson, MA.
Penkhull Church, St Thomas, was erected in 1842, in the English style. The perpetual curacy is in the patronage of the Rev TW Minton, and incumbency of the Rev JCT Stretch, BA.
Hartshill Church, Trinity, is a small handsome fabric of Early English architecture, built in 1842 by Herbert Minton, Esq, the patron of the perpetual curacy, now held by the Rev FF Clark, BA.
Trent Vale Church is a neat plain structure, erected in 1843. The perpetual curacy is in the patronage of the rector or bishop, and incumbency of the Rev Henry Grey, MA.
Christ Church, Fenton, is a neat structure, erected in 1839. The perpetual curacy is in the patronage of the Bishop, and incumbency of the Rev William Sollis, MA.
There are in Stoke and the suburbs several dissenting chapels:
A large Wesleyan Methodist Chapel in Market Street, two small chapels belonging to the New Connexion Methodists, in Hill Street and Harpfield, built in 1815 and 1823, and one belonging to the Society of Friends, in Thomas Street, built in 1823 by the Independents, who now worship in the New Town Hall.
The Roman Catholics have a small place of worship in Back Glebe Street, and the Baptists and Unitarians have meeting rooms here.
In Fenton the Wesleyans have a chapel in Temple Street, built in 1831, and there is a New Connexion Methodist Chapel in Market Street, erected in 1811."
[From History, Gazetteer and Directory of Staffordshire, William White, Sheffield, 1851]
Church Records
Church of England Registers
The register of St Peter ad Vincula commences in 1629. The original registers for the period 1629-1770 & 1798-1956 (Bapts), 1629-1978 (Mar), and 1629-1773 & 1798-1955 (Bur) are deposited at Staffordshire Record Office.
Bishops Transcripts, 1679-1837 (with gaps 1679, 1755-58, 1766-70, 1832 & 1833-37) are deposited at Lichfield Record Office.
A transcript of the registers of St Peter ad Vincula was published in four parts by the Staffordshire Parish Register Society as follows:
Part 1 1629-1688 (published 1914)
Part 2 1689-1734 (published 1918)
Part 3 1734-1753 (Mar) & 1735-1797 (Bapts & Bur) (published 1925)
Part 4 1754-1812 (Mar) & 1798-1812 (Bapts & Bur) (published 1926)
All four parts have been reprinted by the Birmingham & Midland SGH.
Nonconformist Church Registers
The original registers are deposited at Staffordshire Record Office (SRO) or the Public Record Office (PRO) as indicated below:
Penkhull Primitive Methodist, Births & Baptisms 1832-1837 (PRO)
Epworth Street, Stoke, Methodist New Connexion, Baptisms 1813-1938 (SRO)
Fenton, Weslyan Methodist, Births & Baptisms 1799-1837 (PRO)
Wesley Chapel / Sedgley Chapel, Stoke, Wesleyan Methodist, Births & Baptisms 1813-1837 (PRO)
Hill Street, Stoke, Mount Zion, Methodist New Connexion, Baptisms 1813-1938, Marriages 1925-1936 (SRO)
Description and Travel
Stoke-on-Trent Tourist Information Centre's Visit Stoke-on-Trent pages contain details of visitor attractions including museums and factory tours in the area and travel and accomodation information.
The Wedgwood Visitor Centre pages include details of displays and tours of the Wedgwood factory at Barlaston.
Historical Geography
Ask for a calculation of the distance from Stoke-upon-Trent to another place.
- This place shown on a Google map.
- Google Streetview
- StreetMap (Current Ordnance Survey maps.)
- Open StreetMap
- Bing (was Multimap)
- OldMaps (Old Ordnance Survey maps.)
- Old Maps Online (Other old maps.)
- National Library of Scotland (Best site for old maps)
- Vision of Britain (Click "Historical units & statistics" for administrative areas.)
- English Jurisdictions in 1851 (Unfortunately the LDS have removed the facility to enable us to specify a starting location, you will need to search yourself on their map.)
- Magic (Geographic information) (Click + on map if it doesn't show)
- Elgin Road Works
- GeoHack (Links to on-line maps and location specific services.)
- All places within the same township/parish shown on a Google map.
- Nearby townships/parishes shown on a Google map.
- Nearby places shown on a Google map.
Poor Houses, Poor Law etc.
Stoke-upon-Trent parish formed its own Union following the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834.
Stoke Union had a total population of 47,925 in 1841.
The Workhouse, at the Spittal, in Penkhull, was built in 1833, and afterwards enlarged with accommodation for more than 600 paupers.
Stoke-upon-Trent City Archives holds some records including:
Year Books, 1915-1921
Year Books and Diaries, 1922-1930
Minutes, 1876-1922
The Public Record Office holds:
Correspondence, 1834-1900 (Class MH12/11458-98)
Staff Registers, 1837-1921 (Class MH9/16)
Voting Registers
1859, 1862, 1865 & 1868.
William Salt Library holds the Stoke pollbook for 1832.


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Superstar Aamir Khan's Dangal is winning accolades in China. The film has earned 330 million yuan ($48 million) in the week ending May 14 and is ruling the Chinese box office.
The film has earned more than 487 million yuan since its release on May 5, becoming the highest-grossing Indian movie in China, Xinhua news agency reported.
Disney and Marvel's "Guardians of The Galaxy Vol. 2" landed in second place, taking in 213 million yuan.
"King Arthur: Legend of the Sword" took third place, earning 36 million yuan.
In fourth place was Hong Kong crime movie "Shock Wave", generating 28 million yuan.
Rounding out the top five was domestic action film "Dealer Healer", which grossed 28 million yuan.
Dangal was applauded by critics and audience in India. The movie is based on the real-life story of wrestler Mahavir Singh Phogat and showcased the challenges that he faced to make his daughters world champions.
Along with Aamir, Dangal also featured Fatima Sana Shaikh, Sanya Malhotra and Sakshi Tanwar in pivotal roles.
(With IANS Inputs)


text: Home/ Alumni/ Mosaic Mosaic Mosaic strengthens ties with and within Colgate's multicultural community to develop a lifetime of engagement. Colgate created Mosaic — a team of students, alumni, faculty, and staff — to help coordinate and communicate the activities of various university organizations that serve alumni and students of color. What We Do Sponsor programming on and off campus to engage students and alumni of color Strengthen career development opportunities for multicultural students Keep alumni of color informed on topics of diversity and inclusion at Colgate Offer strategies to Colgate's administration to increase a sense of belonging among the university's multicultural community Multicultural Organizations and Support Services Alumni of Color ALANA Cultural Center International Student Services ALANA Cultural Student Organizations Office of Undergraduate Studies Menu Menu Subscribe Mosaic Advisory Board The Mosaic Advisory Board meets twice a year to discuss topics of multicultural engagement: recruitment, orientation, campus experience, and the alumni experience. Our members include: Kaine Brown '19 (student) Nathalie Carter (Athletics) Sarah Courtney (Dean of the College) Jaleith Gary '09 (Alumni of Color) Iris Kang '17 (Student Government Association) Kat Koloszvary (Career Services) Frank Kuan (OUS) Jamiere Abney (Admissions) Kristen Wilson (Annual Giving) Kelechi Oguh '08 (Alumni Council) J.P. Ortiz '10 (Alumni of Color) Emmanuel Poku '19 (student) Mosaic Weekend March 25, 2017 This powerful weekend offered students the opportunity to connect with alumni, who shared their stories of successfully navigating the transition from college student to professional as a person of diversity. The Mosaic Advisory Board met with administrators to discuss topics of multicultural engagement, and T.J. Holmes, journalist and television personality, delivered the Mosaic keynote in the Memorial Chapel. Alumni Alumni Directory Homecoming Professional Networks Mosaic Subscribe Stay Involved Connect With Career Services Giving to Colgate the Scene Return to Colgate Alumni Council Staff Directory RELATED LINKS Alumni Directory 051716 ALUMNI DIRECTORY - Update and View Your Profile - Login and Logout - Mobile Directory FAQs - E-mail for Life Talk to Us New 051716 TALK TO US - Send a Message - Staff Directory Make a Gift 051716 MAKE A GIFT - Types of Gifts - Giving Opportunities - Leadership and Recognition Stay Involved 051716 STAY INVOLVED - Event Listings - Colgate Scene - Alumni Council - Event Gateway - 13 Ways to Get Involved - Volunteer - Tailgates Career Services 083016 CAREER SERVICES - Connect with Students - Services for Alumni


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Diane Engel: Time to spring into style
To dress in style means to be smart or elegant about how you dress. You want to look your best.
Everyone is unique and has unique interests, body type, and tastes. When you look good, you feel good about yourself. No matter your age or who you are, you want to look your best.
Styles have changed over the course of time due to the popular or political culture, climate, and health of the economy.
Popular culture has driven style with movies, songs, music videos, and awards shows.
Political culture has also given rise to fashion over the years with camouflage; political ads on T-shirts or just the desire speak your mind about a political issue that is prevalent.
The health of the economy has also driven how and what people spend their money on for fashion.
A pair of jeans is no longer just a pair of jeans anymore. It's the label or decoration on the pockets that drives the price up. When the economy was not as strong, how many of us dressed in hand-me-downs as we grew up to save money?
In Minnesota, sometimes it's a bit challenging to dress in style in January when it's 35-below, though you still want to look good under your parka.
We replace dress shoes with snow boots for a foot of snow. We feel a little more bulky with a layer of long johns to contend with. Fashion is put on the back burner for warmth.
But when spring comes and we can shed the layers like a butterfly coming out of its cocoon, then we begin to look for something fresh and fanciful to dress in. This gives us a feeling of freedom and our step is a little lighter.
We watch for the spring styles to come onto the sales floor of the stores. You're hoping for something new, smart and maybe even a little elegant to wear for that warm, carefree, spring and summer day.
If you would like a chance to look at the newest spring fashions, stop by the Senior Center and pick up a ticket for $6.50 to our Spring Style Show, featuring four Bemidji merchants. The show starts at 1 p.m. May 18. Our theme this year is Hawaiian Luau. Your ticket includes coffee and dessert. You could even win a prize!
We have our Twins Bus Trip coming up in June. The deadline is May 20. The day game is against the Chicago White Sox and the seats are located on the third base side in the Skyline Deck. Anyone, regardless of age, is welcome to come. This is a one-day trip. The cost is $80 for 2013 members and $90 for nonmembers. Register early, seating is limited. You can register at the front desk of the Senior Activity Center.
We will be offering tax assistance from 9:15 a.m. to 3:15 p.m. on Mondays, Thursdays and Fridays until April 15. Please bring your income information with you. No appointment required. This is on a first-come, first-serve basis.
—Diane Engel is executive director of the Senior Activity Center in Bemidji.


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LONG BEACH >> Memorial services for Bobby San Jose, 46, the former UCLA and Cal State Long Beach quarterback who died after being struck by a car, are scheduled to take place Nov. 8 at St. Joseph Catholic Church.
The services are scheduled to begin at 11 a.m. Public mourners will be allowed to attend, according to the office of Jon San Jose, Long Beach attorney and older brother of the departed.
Bobby San Jose starred at Wilson High School, where he played football and basketball. He attended UCLA in 1986 after being unable to finish his final year of high school at Wilson because of an arrest during a Long Beach Police Department sting operation in which he allegedly took money from an undercover police officer with the intent of buying cocaine.
Jon San Jose has said his brother never purchased the drug and only took the money due to pressure from the undercover officer. Bobby San Jose was never actually charged with a crime, but had to deal with negative publicity from the event.
At UCLA, San Jose backed up future NFL Hall of Fame quarterback Troy Aikman. He later transferred to Cal State Long Beach, where he practiced under coach George Allen.
At the age of 23, Bobby San Jose also spent a summer practicing with the Los Angeles Rams.
Bobby San Jose died Oct. 24, five days after being struck by a car near the crossing of Bellflower Boulevard and Harco Street.
St. Joseph Catholic Church is at 6220 E. Willow Street, Long Beach.


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Foreign Body, Nose (cont.)
Foreign Body in the Nose Prevention
Curiosity and exploration of one's body is a natural stage of development. Teaching a child that it is not good to put anything inside the nose may prevent some of these mishaps. If you suspect a child has inserted something into his or her nose, it is important to approach these situations in a nonjudgmental manner so that the objects can be discovered and safely removed before complications develop.
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Nasal foreign bodies that require removal are relatively common among pediatric patients and may also be seen in adult patients, most often those with psychiatric disease or developmental delay.


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Finals tend to bring out the best in Liverpool captain Steven Gerrard but he insists if they are to beat Chelsea in the FA Cup at Wembley tomorrow it will have to be a team effort.
The Reds' last appearance in the FA Cup showpiece was at Cardiff's Millennium Stadium, now widely regarded as 'the Gerrard final'.
Having already supplied the pass for one goal and scored the other to level the scores at 2-2 the midfielder, stricken with cramp, summoned one final burst of energy with his side 3-2 down in added time to smash home a brilliant 30-yard equaliser.
He even scored a penalty in the shoot-out as the Reds lifted the cup for the seventh time.
"I don't think so. We beat Everton in a massive game at Wembley (the semi-final) not so long ago and I didn't get the goals," he said.
"So we've certainly got players in and around the squad who can be match-winners. Not all the pressure's on me. It's up to everyone to deliver trophies for this club.
"Maybe the knockout nature of the cups has brought the best out of us this season.
"But what it also shows is that when we are down, under the cosh and under pressure, this team is never beaten."
Gerrard cannot hide his disappointment that the club's cup form this season has not been replicated in the league.
Despite winning their first trophy since that 2006 FA Cup final, beating Cardiff in the Carling Cup in February, results have been on the slide.
By Sunday Liverpool could have dropped to ninth, although they will have a match in hand, but the Reds captain stressed an FA Cup win would give them the confidence to launch a top-four challenge next season.
"Let's be realistic. At the start of the season our chances of winning the Premier League were quite slim," Gerrard admitted.
"We had Manchester City's power to contend with and Chelsea's power, Manchester United are always there, so we were probably fourth or fifth favourites at the time.
"But we had much better chances of going out and winning the Carling Cup and getting to the FA Cup final and that's what we've done.
"What it shows is that if we do win the FA Cup this squad still needs slight tweaking in the summer if we are to compete in the Premier League."
Earlier in the week manager Kenny Dalglish suggested such a concentrated focus on the league had taken some of the gloss off winning cups.
So, Gerrard was asked, is too much importance placed on the Premier League?
"I don't think the owners would think so," he said.
"They are piling fortunes into the club so it's only natural that there's pressure and responsibility on us players.
"We've got to be big enough to handle that pressure. We've got to be men.
"We're playing for Liverpool Football Club, one of the biggest clubs in Europe, so we have to handle that pressure.
"There's no point looking for excuses and complaining about that.
"We've underdelivered and underperformed in the league, simple, but we've been fantastic in the cups.
"The league at times this year has been confusing and frustrating because we know the squad and the players we have we are a lot better.
"We are hoping when we assess the season in a couple of weeks it will be with two trophies in the cabinet.
"That has got to breed confidence and belief into this squad and we have got to take that into next season."


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This content has been marked as final. Show 2 replies
1. Re: i have written a java card applet... i want to create a android app to commHana Bizhani Jan 9, 2013 7:14 PM (in response to 980216)Hi,
1) Import android.smartcard libraries,
2) Try to make a connection :
3) create an instance of smartcardclient:
ISmartcardConnectionListener connectionListener = new ISmartcardConnectionListener()
4) get the list of readers :
smartcard = new SmartcardClient(this, connectionListener);
you can check if a specific reader is connected or nor with
String[] readers = smartcard.getReaders();
5) create a card channel and select your applet:
smartcard.isCardPresent(readers [0]);
6) you can send and receive APDUs with this line of code:
cardChannel = smartcard.openLogicalChannel(cardReader, APPLET_AID); ICardChannel cardChannel = null; cardChannel = smartcard.openLogicalChannel(cardReader, APPLET_AID);
byte[] response Apdu = cardChannel.transmit(commandApdu);
2. Re: i have written a java card applet... i want to create a android app to commsafarmer Jan 17, 2013 7:37 PM (in response to 980216)If you have access to the Android build (using AOSP) then you might also be able to use the nfc_extras.jar which provides and API for sending APDUs to the secure element in a device. There is also SEEK for Android that you might be able to use.
As you can image though, access to the secure element is usually locked down (for security reasons) so you may need access to the Android build for this to work (or have a rooted phone).
- Shane


text: Growth in Massachusetts was spread across several industries. Durable goods manufacturing was the biggest contributor to growth in its $342 billion GDP, adding almost 1 percentage point to the state's 4.2 percent rise. Real estate picked up, too, adding a little less than 1 percentage point to the state's economic growth. Although Massachusetts lost about 4 percent of its jobs during the recession, it has added back about a third of those since 2009.


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***** Full Monty
A group of guys are brought up on stage by a hypnotist and are instructed to give the audience a strip tease, full monty. The men unknowingly strip completly naked and ***** themselves for all to enjoy. The ending is great when the realize that they're totally naked on stage.


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Participants from 21 dioceses in the United States and four countries gathered in Colorado Springs for a conference to discuss how strong financial management practices enable parishes to "devote more time to the missions that originally inspired their vocations."
The conference, entitled, "Management of the Church's Temporal Affairs," which took place at the Broadmoor Hotel August 4-6, discussed ways that dioceses across the country and around the world can become better stewards of their resources.
Founder of O'Meara, Ferguson, Whelan, and Conway and organizer of the conference, Pat O'Meara, explained to CNA that the firm works with dioceses across the country and across the boarders to advise them of the best use of their temporal resources as they further their mission.
The mission of the business, which O'Meara states, "is striving to be the trusted advisor to the Church," demonstrates that they are dedicated to helping their clients "more easily manage the growing financial complexity of their institutions, thereby enabling them to devote more time to the missions that originally inspired their vocations."
Daniel Conway, president and CEO of the Mission Advancement Services explained that many times, dealing with administrative tasks is seen as burdensome by those working in the Church. However, we "need to appreciate how management practices can sustain the mission of the Church. We need a change in attitude and need to appreciate the theology of stewardship."
This is essential "as a means to proclaim the kingdom of God and the mission of the Church," Conway said.
Pat O'Meara explained that if a diocese needs assistance in fundraising, the firm doesn't just show "how to fundraise, but once you fundraise, how to use it." One example of a problem that O'Meara sees frequently occurs when a diocese holds small fundraisers to construct a new church. Since they can't raise enough money to build one that fits their needs, they build a smaller church. Once the church is completed, they hold another fundraiser to raise money to build onto the initial construction, he said.
The process continues and, O'Meara noted, it is "inefficient and delays the needs of the Church."
Instead, O'Meara said he is teaching dioceses to become "more sophisticated" and to "become better managers of their resources."
In another example given by O'Meara, by restructuring one client's assets, the diocese was able to free up $65 million in cash flow for missions over a 20 year period. Another client, the Diocese of Orlando has built eight parishes in the last three years. In Austin and Oakland, the bishops are focusing on recruiting their skilled parishioners. The bishops realize that there is true talent in the pews and want to put it to good use for the Church.
At the conference, 21 dioceses from the U.S., along with Church members from Honduras, Argentina, and Mexico were invited to discuss how members of their dioceses can collaborate regarding the finances of the Church. Often, O'Meara explained, "bishops get together, the CFOs get together, directors get together, vicar generals get together," etc., however they "never all come together at one time to manage their resources."
In the discussions, O'Meara encouraged the benefits of a collaborative effort "to find a way to become a better steward of the resources." Through this, we can answer "how do we create a plan to thrive and grow?"
Conway described the conference, which included presentations on leadership, effective stewardship, schools, management, planning, and investment, in a single word, "awesome." He related that in his 30 years of experience, "this is the first time I have been involved in a gathering that crosses borders internationally," while gathering the different groups "of bright, committed passionate vicar generals, bishops, diocesan directors, CFOs, who are all looking at the temporal affairs of the Church in terms of its mission."
Msgr. Jorge Palencia Ramirez de Arellano, from Mexico City was sent to the conference by Cardinal Norberto Rivera for assistance in reorganizing the archdiocesan financial system and also for advice on how to fundraise money for several projects in Mexico City - one being the Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe. He explained that with the help of O'Meara Ferguson, they have begun building the "Plaza Mariana," as an addition to the side of the basilica.
The "Plaza Mariana," due to be completed in 2010 for the bicentennial of Mexico's independence, will be an evangelization center for the 30 million pilgrims who visit the shrine every year. The center will consist of classrooms, auditoriums, and a museum.
Msgr. Palencia told CNA that he appreciated working with O'Meara Ferguson, not only because he has been pleased with their results, but also because they embrace a "Catholic spirit" that was evident in the conference.
Alejandra Boggione, project manager for the lay movement, FASTA in Buenos Aires Argentina was sent to the conference to learn more about the firm and their financial services. The movement is looking to build new Catholic schools, move others to a new location and build new university buildings.
Thomas Flood, Executive Director of Development and Stewardship, and Marion Boteju, the Associate Director of Parish Stewardship, both from the Diocese of Brooklyn also attended the conference. In the past, they had worked with Conway who "opened their minds up to capital markets and schools."
Boteju described the conference as the "nuts and bolts of finance" combined with a spiritual component. The firm and the conference have "given the Church the opportunity to advance its mission through stewardship," stated Boteju.
Flood added, "Usually from a conference, there are one or two things that you take away. From this conference, we have a suitcase full of takeaways. It has recharged us to go back and do things to advance the mission of the Church in Brooklyn."


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Chuyên cung cấp đàn piano cao cấp tất cả các thương hiệu trên thế giới như Steinway & Sons, Boston, Esexx, Shigeru Kawai, các sản phẩm đều được nhập khẩu trực tiếp, liên hệ 0906 730 969 để được biết thêm chi tiết


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Your donations keep RPGWatch running!
Project Zomboid - Steam Keys Available
by Couchpotato, 2013-09-12 01:02:15
The Indie Stone have a new development post with news that Steam keys are now available to all game buyers.
So we've finally gone and done it. The first big step toward Early Access is getting our game running within Steam, and to begin the process of giving out keys to our existing customers. The time has come! To make it clear, we are NOT currently available on Steam Early Access, however Desura customers of Project Zomboid are able to redeem Steam Keys.
Newsbit options: Add / View Comments (0) | Forward this newsbit | Link to this Newsbit
Information aboutProject Zomboid
SP/MP: Single-player
Setting: Post-Apoc
Genre: Roguelike
Platform: PC
Release: In development


text:
When the Union community departed for winter break, the men's hockey team was coming off of a weekend that saw them lose back-to-back overtime heartbreakers to a pair of ECAC teams, Brown and Yale.
Up to that point in the season, the Dutchmen had recorded just three wins in 12 games, and had gone just 1-5 against fellow ECAC members.
With two weeks off before their next game, and finals week sandwiched in the middle of their time off, players got a chance to get away from the game for a bit.
The break seemed to do the team some good, as they came out of it firing, starting off with a dominant road performance in a 4-0 shutout victory over Merrimack, a team that had only lost once all season before taking on the Dutchmen.
The team then returned to Messa Rink the following week and picked up right where they left off, earning a 4-4 tie against a Harvard team that features arguably the best player in the country, Jimmy Vesey.
The team followed up their strong showing against Harvard with a 3-0 victory over Dartmouth.
The Dutchmen had two more games left before their holiday break in December. First, the Dutchmen took on the University of Massachusetts. Despite the challenger's 3-1 lead in the third period, Union came back with a 4-3 victory in overtime thanks to a game-winner from Sebastian Vidmar '19.
The next week it was Union with the comeback, rallying from a 2-0 deficit to earn a 3-2 overtime victory over Vermont, pushing their unbeaten streak to five consecutive games. This time it was Spencer Foo '18 coming through with an unassisted game-winner in overtime.
Union looked to carry their momentum into the 27th annual Ledyard Classic, hosted by Dartmouth.
Their first game was a rematch with Merrimack in the first round of the four-team tournament, and again, the Dutchmen disposed of the Warriors, this time by a final score of 3-2.
The team then faced off against Robert Morris in the championship; despite surrendering a pair of shorthanded goals, Union prevailed 5-4, highlighted by two-goal performances from both Foo and Sebastien Gingras '16.
This victory extended the team's unbeaten streak to seven games, which spanned over the entirety of winter break.
Playing their best hockey all year, the Dutchmen returned from their short winter break to face their toughest challenge of the year, a match-up against the No. 1 ranked team in the nation, Quinnipiac, which entered the game with just one loss in 21 games.
The Dutchmen were not up to the task this time around, perhaps outmatched by a Quinnipiac team that has dominated just about every game they have played this season. The game got ugly and scrappy, with the Bobcats earning a 5-0 shutout victory, and the teams combining for 64 penalty minutes.
The following night, the Dutchmen again had a letdown performance against lowly Princeton, earning a 4-4 tie against a team that has only four wins on the year.
The Dutchmen now enter their most important stretch of the season, with exclusively ECAC games left on the schedule, including a showdown with RPI set for Jan. 23 in the fourth annual Capital District Mayor's Cup.
The team's record currently stands at 9-7-5 overall, and 2-6-2 in conference play.


text:
Tel Aviv: A Silicon Valley on the Mediterranean?
In a bid to lure entrepreneurs, a global marketing campaign is rebranding Tel Aviv.
While young Israelis ponder whether to settle in Tel Aviv or move abroad for a potentially easier life, Tel Aviv is dispatching ambassadors around the world...
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text:
Fab Stylist of the Week: A Wedding Look That Dazzles
Fab Stylist of the Week Is . . . rochasfille!
Your challenge this week was to find me a wedding look that dazzled . . . and that's exactly what you all did. Thank you to everyone who participated. It was a really tough decision, but in the end, rochasfille's outfit spoke to my chic heart. It's understated glam, but dazzling alright! She stayed within my budget, and chose the most magical accompaniments. The gray suede booties are perfect, and she even picked out my nail color. Fabulous!