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Glossary of Key Terms
aché lhamo [T a che lha mo] traditional musical plays presenting stories from Buddhist legends.
amban Chinese imperial officials stationed at Lhasa and in Eastern Tibet.
amchi [T a mchi, e mchi] traditional Tibetan doctor.
Amdo [T a mdo] one of the four provinces of Tibet, situated in the north-east.
Anuttarayoga Tantra [S] Class of Buddhist Tantric practices.
asura'demigods'; one of the Six Realms of Rebirth; divine beings continually at war with the deva.
Atiśa (Dipaṃkara Śrījñāna, 980–1054) Bengali Buddhist teacher, active in Tibet in the eleventh century.
Avalokiteśvara [S] bodhisattva-deity who represents the compassion of the Buddha; see also Chenresik.
babdrung [T 'babs sgrung] 'inspired' Gesar bard.
Bardo Tödröl [T bar do thos sgrol] 'Tibetan Book of the Dead'.
barché [T bar chad] obstacle (generally meaning obstruction by spirits, also inner obstacles to spiritual progress)
Barché Kunsel [T bar chad kun sel] prayer to remove barché
béyül [T sbas yul] 'hidden valley'; concealed land, discovered by a tertön, to enable people to take refuge for political disturbance or for spiritual purposes. Several Himalayan valleys are regarded as béyül.
Bhairava [S] fierce form of Ṥiva associated closely with Tantric traditions
bhikṣu [S] fully-ordained Buddhist monk, corresponding to Tibetan gelong.
bhikṣuni [S] fully-ordained Buddhist nun, corresponding to Tibetan gelongma.
bindu [S] internal 'drop', corresponding to bodhicitta, manipulated during Tantric inner yoga practices.
Bod [T bod] Tibetan name for Tibet; often used to mean primarily Central Tibet.
Bod chenpo [T bod chen po] 'Greater Tibet'; term introduced by Gedün Chopel to cover all areas of traditional Tibetan culture and influence.
bodhi [S] see Buddhahood.
bodhicitta [S] 'thought of Enlightenment'; intense desire to attain Buddhahood in order to relieve all beings from suffering, the motive force for the attainment of
Buddhahood; in Tantric physiology, male and female sexual fluids as the physical aspect of this motivational force.
bodhisattva [S] person who has made an irreversible vow to attain Buddhahood; deity who manifests aspect of Buddha-activity.
bombo [Tamang = T bon po] shamanic priests among the Tamang people of Nepal.
Bon [T Bon] term used to describe various pre- and non-Buddhist traditions in Tibet, including the contemporary monastic tradition of Yungdrung Bon; bon in Yungdrung Bon is also a term equivalent to chö in Buddhism.
Bonpo [T bon po] follower of the Bon tradition.
Buddha [S] term used to describe person or being who has attained state of awakening (bodhi or Buddhahood), including the historical Buddha Śākyamuni; deity expressing or manifesting aspect of Buddhahood.
Buddhahood state of awakening or enlightenment (bodhi); the central goal of the Buddhist tradition.
Buddhist Tantra see also Vajrayāna].
Bumshi [T 'bum gzhi] main medical text of the Bonpo medical tradition; textually close to the Gyüshi, the main text of the mainstream Buddhist Tibetan medical tradition.
Butön Rinchendrub [T Bu ston rin chen grub] Important early scholar of the Shalupa tradition, responsible for the editing of the standard canonical collections of translated Buddhist texts, the Kangyur and Tengyur.
cakra [S] 'circle' or 'wheel'; in Tantric physiology, the meeting points of the nāḍī, the subtle channels along which prāṇa circulates.
Cakrasamvara [S] name of important cycle of Buddhist Tantric practices and of its principal deity.
Caryā Tantra [S] class of Buddhist Tantric practices.
chakgya [T phyag rgya = S mudrā] literally 'seal'; a multivalent term referring to ritual hand gestures, also to real or visualized female consort in Tantric ritual.
cham [T 'chams] Buddhist and Bonpo ritual dances, performed as part of monastic ritual or in public as part of monastic festivals.
changchub [T byang chub] Tibetan equivalent to Buddhahood; bodhi.
changchub sem [T byang chub sems] Tibetan equivalent to bodhicitta.
changchub sempa [T byang chub sems dpa'] Tibetan equivalent to bodhisattva.
Chenresik [T spyan ras gzigs] Tibetan name of the Indian bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, believed to have played a guiding role throughout Tibetan history and to have manifested on various occasions in human form, most recently as the Dalai Lamas.
chépa [T dpyad pa] diagnosis (in medicine); distinction, differentiation, analysis.
chi [T phyi] outside, later.
chi nang sang [T phyi nang gsang] outer, inner and secret
chidar [T phyi dar, spyi dar] 'later' or 'general' diffusion of the Buddhist teachings to Tibet from the late 10th to 13th centuries, resulting in the New Tantra (Sarma) traditions.
chinlab [T byin rlabs] 'blessing' or 'spiritual power' received from a deity or lama.
Cittamātra [S] major school of Indian Buddhist philosophy; also known as Yogācāra.
chö [T chos = S dharma] multivalent term referring to Buddhist religious teachings, underlying nature of the universe (as revealed by these teachings), and to a constituent element of the universe in early Buddhist philosophy
chöd [T gcod] class of Tibetan practices involving visualization of offering one's body to deities and spirits, accompanied by singing and musical instruments.
Chokgyur Lingpa [T mchog 'gyur gling pa] nineteenth-century Nyingmapa lama associated with the 'Rimé movement'; later reincarnations of this lama.
chökyong [T chos skyong] deity, generally of Indian or Tibetan origin, who acts as protector of the Buddhist teachings.
chöku [T chos sku] Tibetan equivalent to dharmakāya.
chorten [T mchod rten = S stūpa] container for holy relics, also acting as symbolic representation of the dharmakāya; may be a large outdoors construction, there are also smaller versions inside temples, often containing relics of lamas.
Chucham Gyalmo [T Chu-lcam rgyal-mo] Bonpo goddess.
Cittamātra [S] 'mind-only' teachings, emphasizing the primary role of consciousness in creating phenomenal reality; also known as Vijñānavāda or Yogācāra.
ḍākiṇī [S] female deities associated with Tantra; the Tibetan term (kandroma) is used as a term of respect for spiritually-evolved women, also for female spirit-mediums and tantric consorts of lamas.
daknang [T dag snang] 'pure vision'; term used to describe visionary teachings received by lamas.
Dalai Lamas [T tā la'i bla ma] important series of reincarnate lamas; highest-ranking rebirth series of the Gelukpa order, and political rulers of much of Tibet between the seventeenth and twentieth century.
Damngag Dzöd [T gdams ngag mdzod] collection of methods and instructions for practice, compiled in the ninetheenth century under the direction of Jamgön Kongtrul.
damtsiksempa [T dam tshig sems dpa'] the deity as created 'internally' by the practitioner, to be merged with the yeshe sempa.
Derge [T sde dge] small kingdom in Eastern Tibet with traditional affiliations to the Sakyapa.
deva [S] generic term for 'god'; also, one of the Six Realms of Rebirth.
Dewachen [T bde ba can = S Sukhāvatī] the eastern paradise presided over by the Buddha Amitābha.
dharma [S] term with several overlapping meanings, including Buddhist teachings; fundamental laws of the universe; elements of reality.
dharmakāya [S] 'dharma body'; one of the three 'bodies' or aspects of manifestation of the Buddha; corresponds to the ultimate meaning of Buddha-nature.
Dharmarāja [S] king ruling according to the Dharma, king who supports the Dharma.
Dharamsala: small town in Northern India; residence of the 14th Dalai Lama and location of the Tibetan exile government.
dhyāna [S] meditative absorption; one of the Six Pāramitā.
dokpa [T bzlog pa] ritual to avert evil influences or destructive spirits.
Dolpopa Sherab Gyantsen [T dol po pa shes rab rgyal mtshan] important early lama of the Jonangpa tradition.
dorjé tegpa [T rdo rje theg pa] Tibetan equivalent to Vajrayāna.
drangsong [T drang srong] Tibetan translation for Skt ṛṣi (sage); for Bonpo, equivalent to gelong (fully-ordained monk).
Drenpa Namka [T dran pa nam mkha'] Early Bonpo lama.
Drepung [T 'bras spungs] large monastic establishment near Lhasa, consisting of a number of colleges, hostels, hermitages, etc.
Dri River [T 'bri chu] Tibetan name for Yangtse River.
Drigum [T gri gum] legendary early king of Tibet in whose time the 'sky-cord' linking the kings with heaven was broken.
Drikung Kagyüd [T 'bri gung bka' brgyud] sub-division of Kagyüdpa tradition.
drokpa [T 'brog pa] pastoralists.
Drölma [T sgrol ma] Buddhist goddess, equivalent to Skt. Tārā; represents the compassionate action of the Buddha to save beings from danger and suffering.
drong [T 'brong] wild yak.
Druk Ralung [T 'Brug Rwa lung] monastery in Central Tibet.
Drukpa Kagyüdpa [T 'Brug pa bka brgyud pa] subdivision of Kagyüdpa tradition, originally based at the monastery of Druk Ralung in Central Tibet.
drupta [T grub mtha'] philosophical position or framework; equivalent to Sanskrit siddhānta.
Druptap Küntü [T sgrub thabs kun btus] collection of Sarmapa texts for ritual practice, compiled in the nineteenth century under the direction of Loter Wangpo.
druptop [T grub thob] Tantric practitioner, equivalent to Sanskrit siddha.
Dunhuang texts Large cache of texts in Tibetan, Chinese and other languages discovered in caves near the Chinese oasis town of Dunhuang, under Tibetan control for parts of the eighth and nineth centuries and a centre of Tibetan cultural activity for some centuries later. The Dunhuang texts are an important source for early Tibetan religion, culture and history.
Düsum Kyenpa [T dus gsum mkhyen pa] founding lama of Karma Kagyüdpa; first lama of the Gyalwa Karmapa series of rebirths.
Dza Petrül [T rdza dPal sprul] nineteenth-century lama, author of the Kunsang Lamé Shellung.
Dzamling Gyéshé [T 'dzam gling rgyas bshad] early nineteenth-century Tibetan book presenting a description of the world (including the countries of Europe).
Dzogchen [T rdzogs chen] 'Great Perfection' teachings; the highest level of teachings in both Nyingmapa and Bon traditions.
fengshuiChinese techniques for locating and constructing buildings, tombs, etc., so as to maximize their positive spiritual effect.
Four Great Deva Kings set of four yakṣa deities associated with the four directions, important in most Buddhist traditions as protectors of the Buddhist teachings and of Buddhist practitioners, and frequently painted at the entrance to Tibetan monasteries.
Ganden [T dga' ldan] large monastic establishment near Lhasa, consisting of a number of colleges, hostels, hermitages, etc.
Ganden Podrang [T dga' ldan pho brang] Dalai Lama's government; originally the name of his personal household at Drepung.
Gedündrup [T dge 'dun grub] disciple of Tsongkapa; retrospectively identified as first of the Dalai Lama rebirth series.
geko [T dge skos] monk responsible for discipline in monastic community.
gelong [T dge slong] fully-ordained Buddhist monk, corresponding to Sanskrit bhikṣu.
gelong [T dge slong = S bhikṣu] '(fully-ordained) monk', highest grade of monastic ordination for men.
gelongma [T dge slong ma = S bhikṣunī] '(fully-ordained) nun', highest grade of monastic ordination for women
Gelukpa [T dge lugs pa] One of the Sarma ('New') traditions of Tibetan Buddhist practice, dating back to the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.
genyen [T dge bsnyen = S upāsaka] '(male) lay follower', ordination taken in Tibet both by laymen and as an initial monastic ordination for men.
genyenma [T dge bsnyen ma = S upāsīkā] '(female) lay follower', ordination taken in Tibet both by laywomen and as an initial monastic ordination for women.
geshé [T dge bshes = S kalyāṇamitra] spiritual teacher or advisor; title of monastic degrees awarded by public examination, especially in Gelukpa tradition.
getsul [T dge tshul= S śramaṇera] '(male) novice', grade of monastic ordination for men.
getsulma [T dge tshul ma = S śramaṇerī) '(female) novice', grade of monastic ordination for women.
gomchen [T sgom chen] title for lay religious practitioners in Bhutan.
gompa [T dgon pa] monastery, hermitage, religious centre (not necessarily of celibate monks).
gowé lha [T 'go ba'i lha] set of five deities who look after fortune of an individual.
Guhyagarbha [S] name of important cycle of Buddhist Tantric practices.
Guhyasamāja [S] name of important cycle of Buddhist Tantric practices and of its principal deity.
Guru Rinpoché [T gu ru rin po che] Tibetan name of Padmasambhava.
Gushri Khan Mongolian chieftain and political ally of the 5th Dalai Lama.
gompa [T dgon pa] Buddhist place of practice; may be a monastery, hermitage, or a temple where lay practitioners gather for worship.
Guru [S] teacher, especially of Tantra.
Gyalwa Karmapa [T rGyal ba Karma pa] title of head lamas of Karma Kagyüdpaı.
Gyalwang Drukchen [T rGyal dbang 'Brug chen] title of head lamas of Drukpa Kagyüdpa.
Gyantsé [T rgyal rtse] town in West-Central Tibet.
gyelpo [T rgyal po] king.
gyüd [T rgyud] Tantra; [T brgyud] lineage, tradition.
Gyüshi [T rgyud bzhi] 'Four Tantras' or 'Fourfold Tantra', name of the principal medical text in the Tibetan medical tradition.
Hevajra [S] name of important cycle of Buddhist Tantric practices and of its principal deity.
Hīnayāna [S] term for the first and lowest of the three 'vehicles' that define the Buddhist path in Tibetan tradition; corresponds in a general sense to the teachings of the Theravādin tradition.
iṣṭadevatā [S] deity that serves as focus for personal devotion and spiritual practice = T yidam.
izzat [Hindi, Urdu, etc.] honour of person/family.
Jainism Indian religion originating in similar early ascetic traditions to Buddhism. Jainas today form a distinct religious group within India.
Jambeyang [T 'Jam dpal dbyangs] Tibetan equivalent for Mañjuśrī, bodhisattva of wisdom.
Jamgön Kongtrul [T 'jam mgon kong sprul] nineteenth-century Kagyüdpa lama associated with the 'Rimé movement'; later reincarnations of this lama.
Jampa [T byams pa] Tibetan equivalent for Maitreya.
Jamyang Khyentsé [T 'jam dbyangs mkhyen brtse] nineteenth-century Sakyapa lama associated with the 'Rimé movement'; later reincarnations of this lama
Jigmé Lingpa [T 'Jigs med gling pa] Nyingmapa lama and tertön of late eighteenth century; important influence on the Rimé lamas.
jñānasattva[S] equivalent to yeshesempa.
jomo[T jo mo] title for nun or other woman of high spiritual attainment.
Jonanga [T Jo nang pa] One of the Sarma ('New') traditions of Tibetan Buddhist practice, dating back to the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Suppressed in Central Tibet by Gelukpa in seventeenth century, but survived elsewhere. Known for its endorsement of the shentong approach, particularly in relation to Kālacakra.
Kadampa [T bka' gdams pa] One of the Sarma ('New') traditions of Tibetan Buddhist practice, dating back to the eleventh and twelfth centuries; its teaching traditions were absorbed into later schools, particularly the Gelukpa.
kagyé [T bka brgyad] eight Nyingmapa ritual cycles said to have been passed down from the Imperial period.
Kagyüdpa [T bka' brgyud pa] One of the Sarma ('New') traditions of Tibetan Buddhist practice, dating back to the eleventh and twelfth centuries.
Kālacakra [S] name of important cycle of Buddhist Tantric practices and of its principal deity.
kama [T bka' ma] teachings believed to have been transmitted by Padmasambhava and passed down from lama to disciple to modern times; form a significant part of teachings for the Nyingmapa.
Kanam Depa [T ?ka nam sde pa] traditional ruler of small kingdom of Powo in southern Tibet.
kandroma [T mkha' 'gro ma = S ḍākinī] dangerous female spirit; woman of high spiritual attainment; Tantric consort of high lama; female spirit-medium.
Kangyur [T bka' 'gyur] Tibetan collection of works attributed to the Buddha.
karma [S] action; used in English to refer to connection between action and result, especially in a future life.
Karma Kagyüdpa [T karma bka' brgyud pa] Major sub-order of Kagyüdpa
Karma Pakshi [T karma pakṣi] lama of Karma Kagyüdpa tradition; second lama of the Gyalwa Karmapa series of rebirths.
karuṇā [S] compassion.
kenpo [T mkhan po] abbot, administrative head of a monastery or other religious centre.
Kham [T khams] one of the four provinces of Tibet, situated in the east.
korwa [T 'khor ba] literally, 'circling'; Tibetan equivalent to saṃsāra.
Kriyā Tantra [S] class of Buddhist Tantric practices.
ku sung tuk [T sku gsung thugs] body speech and mind; traditional Tibetan division of the entire human mind–body complex.
Kumbum [T sku 'bum] major Gelukpa monastery in Northeast Tibet, close to the modern Chinese city of Xining; birthplace of Tsongkapa.
kundzob denpa [T kun rdzob bden pa] relative or conventional truth; equivalent to Sanskrit saṃvṛti-satya.
Kunsang Lamé Shellung [T Kun bzang bla ma'i zhal lung] classic commentary to the Longchen Nyingtik ngöndro practices by the nineteenth-century lama Dza Peltrül.
kusum [T sku gsum] equivalent to Sanskrit trikāya.
kuten [T sku rten] 'support'; oracle priest (as 'support' for the deity which possesses him or her).
Kutse Da-ö [T Khu tshe zla 'od] name of Bonpo tertön.
kyabdro [T skyabs 'gro] going for refuge to the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha.
la [T bla] vitality, power, separable soul-substance.
labrang or ladrang [T bla brang] household (economic unit) associated with a lama.
Labrang [T bla brang; C Xiahe] town in NE Tibet which grew up next to the monastery of Labrang Tashikyil.
Labrang Tashikyil [T bla brang bkra shis 'khyil] major Gelukpa monastery in Northeast Tibet.
lam rim [T lam rim] 'gradual path' or 'stages of the path'; systematic arrangement of Sūtra teachings in the Gelukpa tradition; other traditions have similar sets of teachings.
lama [T bla ma] Tantric guru and ritual officiant; teacher; senior religious practitioner.
Lamdre [T lam 'bras] System of teachings in the Sakyapa tradition, based on the Hevajra Tantra and said to derive from the mahāsiddha Virūpa.
Lamé Latso [T bla ma'i bla mtsho] lake in Central Tibet, where lamas traditionally go for visions of rebirths of the Dalai Lama and other high lamas.
laptsé [T la btsas] cairn for worship of local gods.
lari [T bla ri] mountain connected with the spiritual welfare of a particular region, family or person.
laru [T klu rol] festivals for local spirits in Rebkong and nearby areas of Amdo (Qinghai), involving dances for men and women and possession of spirit-mediums.
latso [T bla mtsho] lake connected with the spiritual welfare of a particular region, family or person.
Lekshé Dzö [T legs bshad mdzod] 'Treasury of Good Sayings', Bonpo historical text.
lha [T lha] god (general term, corresponding to Sanskrit deva).
Lhakang [T lha khang] temple.
lhaktong [T lhag mthong] Tibetan equivalent to vipaśyanā.
lhawa [T lha pa] spirit-medium, person through whom god communicates while in state of possession.
Ling Gesar [T gLing Ge sar] Tibetan epic hero.
longchödku [T longs spyod sku] Tibetan equivalent to saṃbhogakāya.
Loter Wangpo [T ngor pa dpon slob blo gter dbang po] disciple of Jamyang Khyentsé and compiler of the Druptap Kuntü.
Longchen Nyingtik teachings [T klong chen snying thig] important series of terma revelations by Jigmé Lingpa, associated with visions of Longchen Rabjampa.
Longchen Rabjampa [T klong chen rab 'byams pa] Important fourteenth-century lama and scholar of the Nyingmapa tradition.
lu [T klu] spirit associated with lakes and rivers; equated to Indian nāga.
lung [T rlung] Tibetan equivalent to Sanskrit prāṇa (also equivalent to vāta).
lungta [T rlung rta] pieces of cloth or paper printed with mantras and religious emblems, usually in the colours of the five elements, tied on strings or thrown as offerings to local gods in order to secure good fortune and avert obstacles.
Ma Namka [T ma nam mkha' dang mnyams pa'i…] name of Tibetan refuge formula.
Mādhyamika [S] School of Buddhist teachings which gives primacy to insight into the voidness or emptiness of phenomena.
Mahākāla [S] Buddhist Tantric deity related to Bhairava.
Mahāmudrā [S] term for direct experience of reality in Anuttarayoga Tantra; the goal of the Buddhist siddhas.
Mahāyāna [S] term for the second of the three 'vehicles' that define the Buddhist path in Tibetan tradition.
Maitreya [S]. Buddhist deity, who will eventually become the next Buddha of this world and age.
maṇḍala [S] (1) geometrical array of deities visualized, imagined or represented in two or three dimensions; (2) physical offering, usually of rice, often mixed with precious stones, on a special offering plate, representing the entire universe of traditional Buddhist cosmology with Mount Meru at its centre.
Mañjuśrī [S]. Bodhisattva-deity who represents the wisdom (prajñā) of the Buddha.
Mani Kabum [T ma ni bka' 'bum] Terma text narrating the history of Avalokiteśvara, his manifestation as Songtsen Gampo and his association with Tibet.
mantra [S] ritual formula, generally employed in the invocation of a Tantric deity.
māra [S] demonic spirit.
Marpa [T Mar pa] Tibetan lama, said to have visited India and studied with Nāropa.
Milarepa [T Mi la ras pa] Tibetan lama and writer of spiritual songs, studied with Marpa. His disciples founded the various Kagyüdpa lineages.
Mahāyoga [S] class of Tantras.
Menla [T sman bla = S Bhaiṣajyaguru] Buddha of medicine and healing.
mo [T mo] divination.
mudrā [S] see chakgya.
nāḍī [S] channel, river; in Tantric physiology, the subtle channels within the human body along which prāṇa circulates.
nāga [s] Indian water-spirit, in Tibet equated withlu.
namshé [T rnam shes] 'consciousness'; equivalent to S vijñāna. Includes the subtle 'consciousness' that continues from one rebirth to the next.
namtar [T rnam thar] biography or autobiography, usually of a lama, structured in terms of the subject's spiritual progress.
nang [T nang] inside.
nangpa [T nang pa] insider.
nangpé sangyepé chö [T nang pa'i sangs rgyas pa'i chos] 'the Buddhist dharma of the insiders'; Buddhism.
Nāropa [S] Indian siddha regarded as ancestral by the Kagyüdpa tradition. His 'Six Teachings' or 'Six Doctrines' [T nā ro chos drug] are an important set of Completion Stage practices passed down particularly within the Kagyüdpa and Gelugpa.
ngadar [T snga dar] 'early diffusion' of the Buddhist teachings to Tibet at the time of the early Tibetan empire (seventh to ninth century CE).
neljor [T rnal 'byor] Tibetan term for yoga, generic term for forms of spiritual practice involving techniques of mind–body cultivation.
neljorma [T rnal 'byor ma] female practitioner of yoga; female deities associated with Tantric practice = S yogini.
ngagpa [T sngags pa] Tantric ritual specialist.
Ngari [T mnga' ris] one of the four provinces of Tibet, situated in the west.
ngöndro [T sngon 'gro]preliminary practices, non-Tantric or Tantric.
Ngorpa [T ngor pa] subdivision of Sakya tradition.
ngowa [T sngo ba] dedication of merit, expression that the result of one's virtuous actions should have a particular effect.
ngotsha[T sgo tsha] shame, embarrassment.
Nikāya ordination traditions of early Buddhism; traditionally eighteen in number, and associated with distinct doctrinal positions.
Nikāya Buddhism: term often now used for the early Buddhist teachings classified by the Tibetans as 'Hinayāna'. The Theravāda tradition claims to represent the Buddhism of this period.
nirmāṇakāya [S] 'emanation body'; one of the three 'bodies' or aspects of manifestation of the Buddha; see trulku.
nirvāṇa [S] state of extinction of craving and so relief from sufferings of saṃsāra; the ultimate goal of the Hinayāna teachings, but regarded in the Mahāyāna as an intermediate goal to be superseded by the attainment of Buddhahood (bodhi).
norbum [T nor 'bum] vase filled with precious substances and consecrated in special ritual to increase wealth and prosperity.
nyangendé [T mya ngan 'das] Tibetan equivalent for nirvāṇa.
nyépa[T nyes pa = S doṣa] the three main causes of illness in Tibetan medicine (lung, tipa, peken).
Nyingma [T rnying ma] Literally, 'old'; here referring to the Nyingma school or Nyingmapa, qv.
Nyingmapa [T rnying ma pa] a tradition of Tibetan Buddhism that traces its origins back to the 'early diffusion' (ngadar) of the Buddhist teachings to Tibet at the time of the early empire (seventh to ninth century CE) and particularly to the activity of the Indian teacher Padmasambhava.
Nyingmé Gyudbum [T rnying ma'i rgyud 'bum] collection of tantric scriptures from the Nyingma tradition.
nyungné [T smyung gnas] fasting ritual carried out by lay people or monastics, at full moon or for longer periods; may be done on behalf of someone else to gain merit for that person.
Olmo Lungring [T 'ol mo lung ring] name of valley to west of Tibet; legendary home of Tönpa Shenrap and place of origin of Yungdrung Bon, situated in Tazik.
Padmasambhava [S] Primal lama of Nyingmapa tradition; a probably semi-legendary Tantric master who is said to have visited Tibet towards end of early empire, in late eighth century. In Tibetan usually referred to as Guru Pema Jungné or Guru Rinpoché.
Palden Lhamo [T dPal ldan lha mo] Buddhist goddess; protector of Lhasa and the Dalai Lamas.
Panchen Lama [T paṇ chen bla ma] second most senior reincarnate lama of the Gelukpa tradition; his residence was at Tashilhunpo.
Panchen Rinpoche [T paṇ chen rin po che] See Panchen Lama.
Papün [T pha spun] patrilineage, group defined by male descent, literally 'father-brother'.
Pāramitā; see Six Pāramitā.
paritta[Pali] Buddhist sūtra recited for protection in Theravāda countries.
pawo [T dpa' bo] spirit-medium, person through whom god communicates while in state of possession.
Pema Jungné [T padma 'byung gnas] Tibetan name of Padmasambhava.
Phurba [T phur ba] Buddhist Tantric deity important for Nyingmapa and Sakyapa.
equivalent to Skt Vajrakilaya; related Bon deity.
powa [T 'pho ba] practices for transfer of consciousness to higher realm at death.
Powo [T spo bo] small kingdom in Southern Tibet.
prajñā [S] wisdom of the Buddha; insight into the nature of reality. One of the Three Trainings. Also one of the Six Pāramitā.
prāṇa [S] breath; in Tantric physiology, the subtle breath that circulates through the nāḍī and cakra of the subtle body.
pratītyasamūtpada[S] dependent origination, Buddhist principle of phenomena arising in mutual dependence; equivalent to T tendel.
preta [S] 'hungry ghosts'; beings are born into the preta realm as a result of greed in a former life.
rabjung[T rab 'byung] renunciation of worldly life; ceremony on entering monastic life.
rangtong [T rang stong] 'empty of own-nature'; Tibetan philosophical approach which stresses emptiness, and contrasts with shentong.
Ratna Lingpa [T ratna gling pa] fifteenth-century lama; compiler and editor of the Nyingmé Gyudbum.
reincarnate lamas: lamas identified as rebirths of a previous lama and generally appointed to the position and status of the previous identity. See trulku.
religious tradition: this relatively neutral term has been generally used in the book rather than sect, school or order, since none of these is fully appropriate in the Tibetan context.
rig-nga [T rigs lnga] literally 'Five Families [of Buddhas]', headdress with images or symbols of the Five Buddhas worn by spirit mediums and others.
rimé [T ris med] impartial, unbiased, eclectic; term used as a description of the approach of a group of important late nineteenth-century lamas in Eastern Tibet, sometimes described by Western scholars as the Rimé Movement.
Rinchen Zangpo [T rin chen bzang po] early lama and translator (958–1055).
Rinchen Terdzöd [T rin chen gter mdzod] collection of terma teachings, compiled in the 19th century under the direction of Jamgön Kongtrul.
rongpa [T rong pa] valley people, farmers, agriculturalists.
rü [T rus] patrilineage, group defined by male descent, literally 'bone'.
rüpa [T rus pa] patrilineage, group defined by male descent.
saché [T sa dpyad] siting of buildings in relation to landscape so as to maximize positive influences.
sadak [T sa bdag] local god.
sādhanā[S] religious practice, in Tantric Buddhism generally a practice for the evocation of a particular Tantric deity.
sādhu [S] Indian ascetic practitioner.
Ṥaiva, Ṥaivite religion, Ṥaivism Indian religious traditions centring around the worship of the god Ṥiva.
Sakya [T sa skya] Literally, 'gray earth'; name of the location of the founding monastery of the Sakyapa tradition, q.v. [NB The word 'Sakya' is not related to Śākya, the name of the historical Buddha's clan.]
Sakya Paṇḍita [T Sa skya paṇḍita] important early scholar of the Sakyapa tradition.
Śākyamuni [S] epithet used to refer to the historical Buddha, who probably lived in the fifth century bce. Also known as Gautama or Siddhartha.
Sakyapa [T sa skya pa] one of the Sarma ('New') traditions of Tibetan Buddhist practice, dating back to the eleventh and twelfth centuries.
samādhi [S] meditation as a part of the Buddhist path. One of the Three Trainings.
śamatha [S] meditation to develop dhyāna.
samayasattva[S] see Tibetan damtsik sempa.
sambhogakāya [S] 'enjoyment body'; one of the three 'bodies' or aspects of manifestation of the Buddha; corresponds to the plane of manifestation of Tantric deities.
saṃvṛti-satya [S] relative or conventional truth.
saṃsāra [S] phenomenal reality; everyday life as an unending series of rebirths characterized.
Samyé [T bsam yas] First Tibetan monastery, founded in Central Tibet in the late eighth century ce .
sang [T bsangs] smoke-offering of scented herbs and woods to local gods.
sangchö[T bsangs mchod] sang-offering ritual.
sangha [S] Buddhist community, including monastic and lay members.
Sangpo Bumtri [T Sangs-po 'Bum-khri] Bonpo deity.
sangyé [T sangs rgyas] Tibetan equivalent to buddha.
sangyum [T gsang yum] 'secret/esoteric mother'; Tantric consort of a male yogin or married lama.
Sarma [T gsar ma] Literally 'new', here referring to the Sarma or 'New' schools of Tibetan Buddhist practice, traditions that trace their origins back to the 'later transmission' of the Buddhist teachings to Tibet in the tenth to thirteenth centuries ce. The most important Sarma schools are the Kagyüdpa, Sakyapa and Gelukpa (qqv.).
Sarmapa [T gsar ma pa] follower of one of the Sarma traditions
Shalupa [T zha lu pa] one of the Sarma ('New') traditions of Tibetan Buddhist practice, dating back to the eleventh and twelfth centuries; its teaching traditions were absorbed into later schools, particularly the Gelukpa.
Sarvāstivādin one of the ordination lineages (Nikāya) of early Buddhism; set of teachings associated with this lineage.
Satrig Ersang [T Sa-trig Er-sangs] Bonpo goddess.
Sékar [T gsas mkhar] set of five fierce Bonpo deities.
semchen [Tsems can] 'sentient beings', beings that have consciousness.
semkyé [T (byang chub) sems bskyed] practices for arousing bodhicitta.
semtsampa [T sems tsam pa] 'mind-only' or Cittamātra teachings.
Sera [T se ra] large monastic establishment near Lhasa, consisting of a number of colleges, hostels, hermitages, etc.
Shakya Tubpa [Śākya thub pa] Tibetan equivalent for Śākyamuni, name of the historical Buddha.
Shangshung [T zhang zhung] kingdom to west of the early Tibetan empire which was incorporated into the Tibetan empire in around 650 ce; the kings of Shangshung were said to have been supporters of the Bon religion, and many Yungdrung Bon teachings are claimed to be translations from terma texts in the Shangshung language.
Shangshung Nyengyüd [T zhang zhung snyan rgyud] Bon Dzokchen traditions held to have been transmitted, initially orally, from Shangshung.
Shardza Tashi Gyaltsen [T Shar rdza bkra shis rgyal mtshan] twentieth-century Bon lama
shedra [T bshad grwa] college for Buddhist study, generally forming part of a monastery.
shen [T gshen] priest of pre-Buddhist court religion.
Shenchen Luga [T gShen chen kLu dga'] important early Bonpo tertön.
Shenlha Ökar [T gShen lha 'Od dkar] Bonpo creator god.
Shenrap Mibo [T gshen rab mi bo] founding figure of the Bonpo religious tradition; regarded as a Buddha. Also known as Tönpa Shenrap.
shentong [T gzhan stong] 'empty of other-nature'; Tibetan philosophical position closely connected with yogic circles and Kālacakra practice; revived in nineteenth century, an important influence on some rimé lamas.
sherap [T shes rab] wisdom of the Buddha; insight into the nature of reality; equivalent to Skt prajñā.
Shigatsé [T gzhis dkar rtse] town in West-Central Tibet.
shipdak [T gzhi bdag] local deity.
shiné [T zhi gnas] Tibetan equivalent to śamatha.
shingpa [T zhing pa] farmers, agriculturalists.
siddha [S] term for Tantric practitioner in Ṥaivite or Vajrayāna tradition; the Tibetan form (druptop) is also used as a title by Tibetan lamas and practitioners.
siddhānta [S] philosophical position or framework.
siddhi[S] power obtained through Tantric practice.
śīla[S] discipline and morality as a part of the Buddhist path. One of the Three Trainings.
Sipé Dzöp'ug [T srid pa'i mdzod phug] Bonpo narrative of origins of universe.
Sipé Gyalmo [T Srid pa'i rgyal mo)] Bonpo goddess.
Ṥiva [S] important Indian ('Hindu') deity, significant for the development of Tantric traditions in India.
Six Pāramitā or 'perfections': dāna(generosity),śīla(discipline, self-control),kṣānti(patience),vīrya(energy, perseverance),dhyāna(meditative concentration),prajñā(wisdom).
Six Realms of Rebirth: deva, asura, humans, animals, preta, hell-beings.
sonam [T bsod nams] 'merit' or good karma.
Songtsen Gampo [T Srong btsan sgam po] important early Tibetan emperor (early seventh century).
śramaṇera see getsul.
śramaṇerī see getsulma.
stūpa see chorten.
subtle body subtle structure of the body, comprising channels and chakras, through which the lung (S prāṇa) circulates.
sungbum [T gsung 'bum] term for the collected writings of a lama.
sungma [T srung ma] guardian deity.
śūnyatā [T] 'emptiness' or voidness; teaching of the ultimate lack of independent existence of phenomenal reality.
sūtra [S] text regarded as presenting the teachings of the Buddha Śākyamuni; also class of such texts, kinds of practice associated with such texts.
Taklung Kagyüd [T stag lung bka' brgyud] sub-division of Kagyüdpa tradition.
tantra [S] text regarded as presenting the teachings of the Buddha Śākyamuni, generally in visionary form; also class of such texts, kinds of practice associated with such texts; Ṥaiva, Vaiṣṇava and Jaina texts including similar practices.
tap [T thabs] means, method, Tibetan equivalent to upāya(-kauśalya)
Tārā [S] Buddhist goddess; represents the compassionate action of the Buddha to save beings from danger and suffering.
Tashilhunpo [T bkra shis lhun po] large monastery near Shigatsé; seat of the Panchen Lamas.
Tazik [T stag gzigs] term for regions to west of Tibet, possibly referring to Iranian-speaking peoples but not clearly locatable. Area from which the Yungdrung Bon teachings are held to originate (see also Olmo Lungring).
tendrel [T rten 'brel] Tibetan translation of pratītyasamūtpada; has additional meanings of karmic connection, omen, sign of positive future event
Tengyur [T bstan 'gyur] Tibetan collection of Buddhist works translated from Sanskrit and other Buddhist languages, including commentaries on Buddhist scriptures
terbum [T gter 'bum] 'treasure-vase', vase filled with precious substances and consecrated in Tantric ritual in order to generate positive and auspicious influences
terma [T gter ma] 'concealed' or 'treasure' teachings believed to have been transmitted by Padmasambhava during his visit to Tibet, hidden and rediscovered in material or spiritual form by his reborn disciples; form a major part of teachings for the Nyingmapa
tertön [T gter ston] lama who discovers or reveals terma teachings; tertön are believed to be rebirths of disciples of Padmasambhava.
theology Western scholars have traditionally referred to the systematic scholarly elaboration of Buddhist thought as 'philosophy', on the grounds that while there are obvious parallels to theology in other religious traditions, Buddhists were not primarily concerned with understanding the existence and nature of deity. Recently some Western scholars have suggested that the term 'theology' should be used. I have gone for 'philosophy' in this book, as the more familiar usage.
Theravāda, Theravādin Buddhist tradition today found mainly in Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka, claiming to represent original teachings of the Buddha.
Three Trainings or Triple Training. Discipline (śīla), meditation (samādhi) and wisdom or insight into reality (prajñā).
tiklé [T thig le] Tibetan equivalent to bindu.
tongpanyid [T stong pa nyid] Tibetan equivalent for śūnyatā.
Tönpa Shenrap [T ston pa gshen rab] founding figure of the Bonpo religious tradition; regarded as a Buddha. Also known as Shenrap Mibo.
torma [T gtor ma] cake made of barley-flour and butter, coloured and often with elaborate decorations, offered to deities in Tantric rituals.
tradition: see religious tradition.
Trigyel Kugpa [T Khri-rgyal khug-pa] Bonpo creator god, also known as Shenlha Ökar.
trikāya [S] 'three bodies' or aspects of manifestation of the Buddha; see dharmakāya, nirmāṇakāya and sambhogakāya.
Trisong Deutsen [T Khri srong lde'u btsan] important early Tibetan emperor (late eighth century)
trulkor [T 'phrul 'khor, 'khrul 'khor] physical exercises performed as part of yogic practice, with the aim of improving control over tsalung.
trulku [T sprul sku] 'emanation body', Tibetan equivalent to nirmāṇakāya; one of the three 'bodies' or aspects of manifestation of the Buddha; some lamas are described as trulku, which implies that they are human manifestations of Tantric deities, and also in most cases that they are recognized rebirths of a previous lama ('reincarnate lamas').
tsalung [T rtsa rlung] See subtle body.
tsam [T mtshams] meditation retreat
tsampa [T rtsam pa] barley-flour, basic Tibetan foodstuff.
Tsang [T gtsang] Western part of Ü-Tsang; its principal urban centres are at Shigatsé and Gyantsé.
tsedrup [T tshe sgrub] ritual for attainment of long life.
tseguk [T tshe 'gugs] ritual for recovery of lost life-force.
tsewang [T tshe dbang] 'life-empowerment', ritual for conveying long life to others.
tsawé lama [T rtsa ba'i bla ma] 'root lama', one's principal guru or spiritual teacher.
Tselpa [T tshal pa] subdivision of Sakya tradition.
tsen [T btsan] dangerous supernatural being.
tsenpo [T btsan po] Emperor; title of the rulers of the early Tibetan empire (referred to by Chinese as Tubo) which was based initially in the Yarlung Valley, later at Lhasa.
tsokshing [T tshogs shing, tshogs zhing] 'refuge field' or 'refuge tree'; visualization of Buddhist deities, generally centred around one's lama or yidam, before which one takes refuge.
Tsongkapa [T tsong kha pa] founding lama of the Gelukpa tradition.
tukje[T thugs rje = S karuṇā] compassion.
tuktrul[T thugs sprul] emanation of mind or consciousness of lama.
Ü [T dbus] Eastern part of Ü-Tsang; its principal urban centre is at Lhasa.
Ü-Tsang [T dbus gtsang] One of the four provinces of Tibet, situated in the centre of Tibet.
umapa [T dbu ma pa] Tibetan equivalent for Mādhyamika teachings.
upāsaka see genyen.
upāsīkā see genyenma.
upāya [S] 'means' often used for upāya-kauśalya, q.v.
upāya-kauśalya[S] 'skill in means [for attaining Buddhahood and exercising the powers of the Buddha]', an important concept in Tibetan Buddhism.
Vaiṣṇava [S] Indian religious traditions centring around the worship of the god Viṣṇu.
Vajrabhairava [S] Buddhist Tantric deity related to Bhairava.
Vajradhara [S] Tantric form of the Buddha.
Vajrakilaya [S] Buddhist Tantric deity important for Nyingmapa and Sakyapa. Equivalent to Tibetan Phurpa.
Vajrapaṇi [S] Buddhist Tantric deity, originally a yakṣa protector of the Buddha, later an important Tantric deity similar to Bhairava.
Vajrasattva [S] Buddhist Tantric deity, particularly associated with purificatory practices.
Vajrayāna [S] Sanskrit term for Tantric practices employed as part of the Buddhist path; the third of the three 'vehicles' that define the Buddhist path in Tibetan tradition.
vijñāna [S] 'consciousness'; equivalent to T namshé.
Vijñānavāda [S] 'mind-only' teachings, emphasizing the primary role of consciousness in creating phenomenal reality; also known as Cittamātra or Yogācāra.
vinaya [S] monastic disciplinary code.
vipaśyanā [S] meditation to develop prajñā.
Viṣṇu [S] important Brahmanical (Hindu) deity.
wang [T dbang] power, empowerment, empowerment ritual.
Wangchuk Dorje [T dbang phyug rdo rje] Karma Kagyüdpa lama (1556–1603); nineth of the Gyalwa Karmapa rebirth series.
weikza[Burmese] persons with occult power.
yakṣa [S] class of Indian deities, including the Four Great Deva Kings.
yeshe sempa[T ye shes sems dpa'] the yidam or Tantric deity as an 'external' reality, summoned in Tantric ritual to merge with the inner evocation of the damtsik sempa.
Yeshe Tsogyal [T Ye shes mtsho rgyal] Tibetan princess, female consort of Padmasambhava, believed to have written down the terma teachings.
yoga [S] generic term for forms of spiritual practice involving techniques of mind–body cultivation.
Yoga Tantra [S] class of Buddhist Tantric practices.
Yogācāra [S] 'mind-only' teachings, emphasizing the primary role of consciousness in creating phenomenal reality; also known as Vijñānavāda or Cittamātra.
yidam [T yi dam] deity that serves as focus for personal devotion and spiritual practice = S iṣṭadevatā.
yogin [S] person who practises (Tantric) yoga.
yoginī [S] female practitioner of yoga; female deities associated with Ṥiva in Ṥaiva Tantra and also occurring in Tibetan Buddhism (see neljorma).
yül lha[T yul lha] local god.
yungdrung [T g.yung drung] swastika symbol used by Yungdrung Bon and Buddhists.
Zangdok Pelri [T zangs mdog dpal ri] 'Glorious Copper-Coloured Mountain', the paradise presided over by Guru Rinpoche (Padmasambhava).


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The final face-off between David Cook and David Archuleta on Wednesday night's "American Idol" finale drew a whopping audience of 31.7 million, according to Nielsen Media Research. That's a cool million more than last year's finals. It means the finale was this season's second-best turnout for the show, trailing only the Jan. 15 premiere, which was watched by 33.6 million people. But, notes USAToday.com, the seventh season had overall declines of 8 percent for the series.
Chesney clears the air
Kenny Chesney upset many fans Sunday when, minutes after accepting his fourth consecutive Academy of Country Music entertainer of the year award, he dissed the academy for using fan votes to determine its top prize winner.
Writing on his MySpace page, Chesney tells his fans he meant no disrespect.
"To me, Entertainer of the Year is about the work that goes into it. I don't ever want you (the fans) worrying about the work; I want you ... being in the moment of the music," he said. "That was my point. Let the people who do the work, judge the work part of it. ... let the fans love what we do for that."
Usher: Be open, honest, vulnerable ...
Usher tells Ellen DeGeneres -- for a segment of her show due to air today -- that being a father is a beautiful adventure. "I just want him to grow up to be as wise, as smart as he possibly can be, be kind, openhearted," the R&B singer said of his 6-month-old baby, Usher Raymond V.
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VSNL Singapore announced Thursday the launch of a private-line Ethernet service that will connect major cities on three continents.
Dedicated Global Ethernet is designed as a scalable solution that will allow companies in Asia, Europe and North America to expand their local area networks to accommodate upgraded voice, video and data services.
"Ethernet over the wide area network is a rapidly growing connection of choice for metro and national WAN implementations," said VSNL International President Vinod Kumar. "Dedicated Global Ethernet provides the benefits of the Ethernet WAN (Wide Area Network) to enterprises and carriers, but on a global scale."
The service offers flexible bandwidth speeds between 2 and 1,000 Megabits per second that can be upgraded on an as-needed basis without service interruption, VSNL said in a news release. The service is carrier over fiber-optic infrastructure in India and other locations.
Copyright 2006 by United Press International
Explore further: KVH launch


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Written on: 18/11/2011 by AliShah (1 review written)
Spent ages looking around on the internet for an Everearth Activity Cube as many retailers were out of stock. The ClockworkMouse website showed that they had some in stock but I rang to check anyyway (not all retailers are entirely truthful about their stock levels).
They had one left when I rang so I ordered on it on their website and it turned up the following day.
Brilliant, efficient service. Can't fault it!


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Today was not planned. It just sort of happened. I can't really explain it.
So I've got this bare red clay hill that has been roughly terraced with landscape timbers so each terrace is 4-6 feet front to back and 70-160 feet long. The bottom 3 levels have about a foot of mushroom compost and bought topsoil and I have been planting perennial flowers, leaving room for bulbs and veggies next year. I'm building 4' wide steps every 20-30 feet so I have access to the beds all the way to the top of the terraces back into the edge of the woods. There are already some 6-year-old evergreens and rose of Sharon (althea) there on the lower 4 terraces, but above them are either woods on the left side of the terraces or 4 more terraces and then woods on the right side of the terraces. I'm using those shrubs to had height and structure where lower-growing flowers, bulbs, veggies, etc. can not. I want to add MORE in the form of Rhododendrons in the edge of the woods and out in the sunnier sections crepe myrtle, more rose of Sharon, forsythia, and dogwood -- those kind of small to medium flowering shrubs/trees. It will take YEARS before this project is too shady, not worried about that, especially since the taller things are on the upper levels. It also gets full blazing sun from noon to dark.
Today I was minding my own business and cleaning dog kennels and mowing grass and watering plants I have not yet got in the ground. And I'd keep on eye on the terraces because I have a BUNCH of new shrubs just waiting to find a home. I would eye a spot, think about it, eye it again, and go get the shovel. Once I had the spot picked out, picturing mature shrubs and the path of the sun and the wooded area around and behind it.... dig the hole and plant it, baby. That was the easy part since the first 3 went into the edge of the woods in old established woods loam. NICE digging.
However, I kept glancing at this one spot and picturing a crepe myrtle there. So I went above the terraces between the edge of the woods and the more established terraces -- carrying topsoil and compost in buckets is hard work and hasn't happened as much as is necessary at the top levels. It was like the frontier of my yard. No man's land. Nice woods dirt above. Lovely terraces below. This was bare red clay. I dug a hole in the bare red clay about 18" around and carried most of a 5 gallon bucket of water.up the steps and dumped in the hole. Water just sat there for more than 10 minutes. Disappointing but expected, It's red clay after all. No one has done anything to help the bare red clay. I let it soak. Came back half an hour later and ALMOST all of the water was gone, so I dug the now-workable clay out to 24" around. I WILL put this crepe myrtle here. It is SUPPOSED to be here.
Used more water -- digs out just fine when there is ANY dampness -- and finally cut down the open edge of the "hole" to make it a shelf instead of a hole. It has a jagged bottom from deliberate shovel cuts that is 48" left to right and the shelf is 24" deep on either side but almost 36" deep into the hillside in the middle. Went back with landscape timbers, cut them to fit, drilled the corners and pegged with rebar so it can't move. And now the front edge of the "shelf" is "dammed" with landscape timbers 20 inches tall. It is a "mini-me terrace."
This is sort of an accidental project, because all I wanted to do was put a shrub in that exact perfect spot... Why? I dunno. It just seems that that particular spot needs a shrub. I try not to question these things. I'm 3 hard hours into this project when I could have planted this shrub somewhere else in half an hour, start to finish, and I'm no where close to done on this project. Once I started, I realized a hole was going to drown my crepe myrtle and one thing led to another and well....
Tomorrow I'll carry up buckets of pine bark fines, mix with the removed clay, add a LOT of chunky gritty mushroom compost. And maybe the day after that too. And maybe it'll take a week to fill this accidental project.
Since this is no longer a simple planting "hole" but took on a life of its own, I'll be adding other things to the "bed" after the crepe myrtle like variegated vinca that I love and have elsewhere and bulbs so all that hard-carried soil doesn't sit and feel neglected. Mmm, have to be big bold flowering bulbs to see them 30 feet up the hill.... I can "see" the vinca spilling over the edge of the bed, the crepe myrtle tall and just off center... Maybe I'm delusional, but that's what needs to be there.
Since water makes the bottom of this new "bed" workable, and other shrubs are doing well once established on lower terraces, a crepe myrtle "should" do well here. The bed is built. SOMETHING wonderful needs to go here if not the crepe myrtle. No, it needs to be this crepe myrtle. Worst that happens is I murder a Myrtle and have to put something else here. But I just "know" this pink crepe myrtle is supposed to flourish here.
Any input on this -- crepe myrtle or something else flowering and tallish?
Accidental Hillside Gardening Project
Today was not planned. It just sort of happened. I can't really explain it.
I think the "spontaneous / serendipitous" method is working great. Take some pictures and put one in your pocket.
Next time you're at a nursery or Lowes or a neikghbor, and see a plant that tweaks your interest, glance at the photo. If it demands to have THAT plant right THERE, you'll know what needs to be there.
As the Spirit moves you.
I might only add that crepe myrtle can vary widely in mature size/ height so that might bear careful checking. Or not.
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Submitted by RICK, E on 5/24/99. ( email@example.com )
a CUSTOMER has A DALL SHEEP,IT'S 8 YRS OLD. He said it looked good for 4 yrs then started turning yellow.The customer is non-smoking,buthas not ever cleaned it. I told him to bring it in and i would ciean it,but if this dont work can i bleach it with fur bleach xl or the past or what should i do? THANKS, RICK.
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This response submitted by George Roof on 5/24/99. ( email@example.com )
If your customer doesn't smoke, it must be subjected to wood stove or fireplace smoke.
You should be able to wash it off relatively well. I've used Eliminator from Van Dykes on a similar mount. I removed the backboard and took it out in the driveway, sprayed the Eliminator on and hosed it off. Then I took high pressure air and blew the water off of the fur. Then I took it back in the shop, back brushed it gently with a hair dryer until dry and touched up the paint around the eyes and nose.
As for bleaching, you're back in the driveway. I'm sure Rittels and/or Knoblochs has a bleaching agent. I go to the local Sally's Beauty Shop Supply store. I use Ultra White Bleaching Powder and 30% developer. In a PLASTIC bowl, I put 2 premeasured packets of powder and add enough developer that I can whip the mixture into a foam lather. I then paint the foam on to the hair with a cheap brush. Let it set no longer than 10 minutes and wash it off with a hose. If all the discoloration isn't removed, you can reapply it only ONCE more. If it doesn't come out, live with it before the hair becomes brittle.
If you use this method, wear eye and hand protection as well as a good bib. Be very careful not to get the foam on the eyelids or the nostril and lips. The bleach will work just as well on them as the hair.
This response submitted by Lars on 5/25/99. ( firstname.lastname@example.com )
Rick,When you get the mount in, and in front of the customer, brush the hair lightly with your hand. If it's so brittle it breaks off the tips, it's already been over-bleached. Hand it back to him and save yourself a headache.If it's sound, lift a section of hair to see if it's surface discoloration, only.That can be cleaned and bleached per Mr. Roof's instructions.
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Catch The Wind – Brad Allen
A very amazing book. In the book Pastor Brad Allen tells the history of the great awakening and revival that took place on The Hebrides Islands in northern Scotland at the beginning of the 20th Century. He does so in a way that is very engaging for the reader and shows the greatness of our God. I know you will be enlightened by reading this book and will be moved to start praying for God to bring revival to your community!


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They are numbers that should not exist.
They are numbers that should not exist.
One active duty service member commits suicide per day, according to Department of Defense reports. According to Department of Veterans Affairs reports, although only 21 states report veteran suicide statistics, there is an average of 22 veteran suicides per day. In the civilian population, 3,000 people commit suicide each day in the United States, according to the World Health Organization, totaling 86 per day.
It�s the 11th leading cause of death, surpassing homicide, which is 15th.
But there is help.
If you or anyone you know is currently suicidal or depressed and in need of immediate intervention, the following local and national resources can help:
National Suicide Prevention Lifeline � 1-800-273-8255
RHA Recovery Crisis Center for Onslow and Carteret Counties - 910-353-5118
Camp Lejeune Community Counseling Center � 910-451-2864
MCAS New River Community Counseling Center - 910-459-3508
Department of Veterans Affairs Veterans Crisis Line � 1-800-273-8255
Department of Veterans Affairs Vet Center, Jacksonville � 910-577-1100
Military One Source - 1-800-342-9647
The following are signs and symptoms of suicide, according to the National Institute of Mental Health:


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Reviewed By Matthew B (Ames, IA) Reviewed for a 2004 Ford Mustang —3/10/2015 4:56 AM
I bought the programmer to recalibrate my speedometer. The previous owner swapped gears to 3.73 and didn't bother correcting the issue himself. I researched a few different options for calibrating the speedo and Hypertech's Max Energy Programmmer was the best option. The tuner was very easy to use. The only downside is the soft ware update. Immediatly after unboxing the product it requires about 25 minutes of installation and updating with a PC. I expected plug and play.


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As Scrubs wraps its fifth season on NBC, it remains an anomaly in primetime television. Debuting in 2001, the comedic story of the doctors at Sacred Heart Hospital has bounced all over the schedule, haphazardly hopping between Tuesdays and Thursdays, buried on off-Sweeps rerun nights, replaced by repeats of Friends and Will & Grace, often squeezed out by NBC's "Super Sized" campaign, and frequently starting late due to network DVR trickery. Yet through all of the scheduling confusion, it has maintained a fiercely loyal fan base of viewers who adore its wonderful blend of zany sight gags and witty dialogue; and while their numbers do not constitute the type of megahit NBC's been trying to recapture for years, Scrubs has been able to carve out its own slice of primetime and survive where so many other offbeat comedies have failed. Through that time, the series has matured into one of the best shows on television, delivering much of its finest work in the third year with a slate of memorable guest stars and dramatically compelling stories. Buena Vista Home Entertainment now presents those episodes on DVD with "Scrubs - The Complete Third Season".
The third season of Scrubs represents change and growth, not only for the characters but for the series itself, as it takes a step back from the raw slapstick comedy and strikes a delicate balance between outrageous humor and heartfelt drama. This growth is immediately addressed in the season premiere, "My Own American Girl", where J.D. (Zach Braff) notes in his internal monologue that things never really change at the hospital. As the episode progresses, however, we learn how mistaken he is as Dr. Elliot Reid (Sarah Chalke), the insecure doormat of seasons past, grows tired of hating herself and transforms into "The New Elliot", a slammin' hottie who dresses with confidence and stands up for herself on the job. This positive step for Elliot not only makes her character more interesting for the rest of the year, but it sets the tone of personal growth that makes the season so strong.
The emergence of "The New Elliot" also sets in motion one of the major plot threads of the season as J.D. begins to have romantic feelings for his longtime friend. While the two have hooked up in the past for short-term encounters, this time he thinks it's for real, but to act on these feelings he has to contend with her impossibly perfect boyfriend Sean (Scott Foley). What works so wonderfully about this thread is that is doesn't have that manipulative "Will They or Won't They?" feel that consumes so many popular sitcoms, going so far as to mock another show with throwaway characters Dr. Ross and Rachel. The season isn't an excuse to get the audience to root for J.D. and Elliot to get together; it's simply something going on in their lives and just one of the many aspects of the show.
The other key relationship for this season is that of Dr. Turk (Donald Faison) and Nurse Carla (Judy Reyes), who are preparing to get married, conveniently in the season finale. Turk and Carla love each other very much, and there's no doubt among their friends and coworkers that they are meant to be together, but the two have to learn a lot of give and take to make their relationship work. Turk has to mature beyond his "frat boy" antics and recognize Carla's needs, while Carla has to put aside some of her bossy tendencies and accept that Turk is always going to be a kid at heart. The evolution of their relationship is certainly one of the strongest aspects of the series, and it works to perfection as this season plays itself out.
Also working to perfection are two of the show's strongest characters, Dr. Perry Cox (John C. McGinley) and The Janitor (Neil Flynn). While the show largely centers around the four younger friends, it's the involvement of these two hilarious individuals that elevates it to side-splitting levels of humor. The Janitor's antics are absolutely ridiculous, like when he spends an entire episode speaking with different accents depending on whom he's talking to or when he dons a mustache and t-shirt and goes to outrageous lengths to convince J.D. and Turk that he's really his own twin brother. Dr. Cox too is in fine form as always, harassing pretty much anyone who gets in his path, and still finding time to be an insightful but reluctant mentor to his residents. McGinley's performance in the stellar episode "My Screw Up" (and the follow-up "My Tormented Mentor") is just heart-breaking, and it's a crime that the major award shows haven't recognized his work on this series.
In addition to the primary cast, the third season of Scrubs is a virtual cavalcade of amazing guest stars. The aforementioned Scott Foley is fantastic as Elliot's All-American boyfriend Sean, and Tara Reid is surprisingly strong as J.D.'s party-girl fling he uses to get over Elliot. Christopher Meloni gives a great turn as pediatrician Dr. Norris in "My White Whale", a character who is as arrogant and unlikable as Dr. Cox himself, but who is so good at his job that parents send their children to him nonetheless. Tom Cavanaugh returns as J.D.'s free-loading brother for the episode "My Brother, Where Art Thou?", and Freddy Rodriguez is hilarious in three episodes as Carla's brother Mark, who holds a grudge against Turk who mistook Mark for a valet the first time they met. Other great guest stars include Bernie Kopell, Nicole Sullivan, Barry Bostwick, Julie Warner, and the return of hypochondriac Richard Kind, but it's two episodes with Michael J. Fox and the return of Brendan Fraser that really make this season something special.
In "My Catalyst" and "My Porcelain God", Michael J. Fox stars as Dr. Kevin Casey, a brilliant surgeon who suffers from a near incapacitating case of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Fox, who is one of countless cast members from creator Bill Lawrence's Spin City to drop by Sacred Heart, delivers a moving yet hilarious performance as the object of Dr. Cox's jealousy and the man everyone invariably starts turning to for advice upon arrival. Disguising his real life Parkinson's Disease with the character's OCD is a clever device that isn't at all gimmicky and works wonderfully on the show. These two episodes are followed by what is arguably Scrubs' finest half-hour, "My Screw Up", with Brendan Fraser reprising his role as Dr. Cox's brother-in-law Ben. Penned by writing team Garrett Donovan and Neil Goldman and directed by Chris Koch, this episode is expertly crafted and showcases what the series can be when it nails both the comedic and dramatic elements to perfection.
Through 22 episodes, this third season represents many of the best efforts from the Scrubs team. There are ongoing relationship threads, like the one between J.D. and Elliot as well as the wedding of Turk and Carla, but they never dominate the show or come across as manipulative, and the way these threads are more-or-less resolved by season's end is much more consistent with the real world than television fantasy. While this season does aim higher in the emotional department, J.D.'s outrageous fantasies and flashback sequences remain in tact, and the series is as funny as it ever has been, with some hysterical moments from background characters like high-fiving sexually-inappropriate "The Todd" (Robert Maschio) and Dr. Kelso's (Ken Jenkins) perpetually depressed Ted (Sam Lloyd). How Scrubs has managed to survive this long is a bit of a mystery to me, but I am certainly glad that it has, and this third season is filled with some of its best moments.
"Scrubs - The Complete Third Season" is spread across three discs, with 8 episodes on the first, 9 crammed onto the second, and the final 5 plus bonus features on the third. The discs are housed in a three-panel foldout, with two discs overlapping on the central panel and the third disc isolated on the right. This overlapping technique does save some space, but if you're looking to just get one of the discs out to watch a specific episode, it can be pretty annoying. Each disc has photos of two cast members on the label, and the cardboard panels contain some thematic art as well as an episode and bonus feature guide. When folded, the casing slides into the bottom of a clear plastic sleeve that contains more art from the show. The entire package looks very clean and appropriate for the show, and it has a minimal footprint of about 5/8". A lithograph insert is included that shows the title of the set and a photo of the cast. Dubbed "Scrub-o-graphs" by Buena Vista Home Entertainment, 100 of these have been autographed by the cast and distributed to random retailers.
The menus are 16:9 and include some clever animations with the show's theme "Superman" by Lazlo Bane playing in the background. On the bonus features, the music is replaced by some fun beat-boxing reminiscent of the talented stylings of Elliot's intern Bruce. Navigation is really simple, and the episodes have chapter stops without being bogged down by unnecessary "Scene Selection" menus. There is a "Play All" feature that works great, and if you choose to watch the episodes individually, the DVD always returns you to the next episode's menu to avoid unnecessary clicking around. As with most of BVHE's releases, the producers have done a good job anticipating the consumer's needs and not wasting a lot of space on stuff that just gets in the way.
Each episode is presented in a 4:3 format, and I must admit that I was pretty underwhelmed with the quality. Cramming 8 and 9 episodes to a disc has lowered the bit rate into the 5Mb/s territory, so there is some artifacting here and there, but it is the large amount of grain, the noticeable edge enhancement, and the weak colors that hurt this release the most. While it is better than you would see for an older television series being release on DVD, for something this recent, I have come to expect a better video presentation. I don't think you should let my criticism in this area affect your purchase of this wonderful season, but if you will be watching this on a high quality monitor, you will likely be disappointed.
The audio is presented in 5.1 Dolby Digital, and other than the fact that they can, I don't really see why. The audio is incredibly front-heavy with very little going on in the surround channels, and for a show of this nature, that is precisely what one would expect. Dialogue is clean and clear, and I could find no noticeable faults with it. Everything sounds just fine for a dialogue-driven television show.
English subtitles are included.
There are two audio commentaries on this set, one with Donald Faison (Turk) and writer Mark Stegemann on "His Story II", and the second with Donald Faison, Judy Reyes (Carla), and director Randall Winston. While there is some fun to be had listening to these guys interact with one another away from the show itself, these are not particularly strong commentaries, and there is not much insight to be gained by listening to them.
On the third disc are a pretty solid array of bonus features, mostly in the form of short featurettes. Twist and Shoot (6:55) covers three of the series' first-time directors: Richard Alexander Wells (1st Assistant Director) on "My Fault", John Inwood (Director of Photography) on "My Lucky Night", and Randall Winston (Line Producer) on "My Self-Examination". It's a nice little piece on how these guys came to direct their first episode and what they each brought to the table. Don't Try This at Home (5:45) focuses on some of the stunts that go into the fantasy sequences and physical comedy on the show.
Long-Term Residents (7:10) goes into some detail on the various guest stars that appear in this season, and What Up Dawg? (6:02) is a fun piece about how just about everyone in front of and behind the camera has a pet dog that they bring onto the set. Scrubs Factor (4:44) continues the behind-the-scenes fun with stories of all the gross things people in the cast and crew have done during Friday afternoon bets, including 2nd Assistant Director Scott Harris dare to eat a bunch of pigs' knuckles.
The next two featurettes focus on specific cast members. Robert Keeps Talking (4:53) is a short interview session with Robert Maschio, who plays "The Todd" on the show. With training in stand-up comedy, Maschio is quick on his feet, and this makes for a very entertaining piece about one of the show's more unique characters. The New Elliot (5:50) goes into some detail about the network's desire to reinvent Elliot into a more marketable image and how it worked out so wonderfully in the creative department. The final featurette is called Is There a Doctor in the House?, and it is a discussion with cast and crew about the story arc between J.D. and Elliot and how hard they tried to make it interesting without turning the show into a romantic comedy.
Scrubbed Out: Deleted Scenes (4:41) and Alternate Lines: A Second Option (3:05) are more or less the same thing, each containing 8 segments that didn't make it into the final cuts of the episodes. The second section is essentially alternate deliveries of various lines, some more funny than others, while the first is a combination of longer scenes or entire segments that were cut. There is some really great material in here, particularly a few scenes between J.D. and Dr. Cox, that really should not have hit the cutting room floor. Others, like a disgusting scene with J.D. and a dirty sponge, belong here and only here. Lastly, there is a Gag Reel that runs just over 4 minutes. While some of these bonus materials are more interesting than others, on the whole, it makes for a pretty good slate of additional material, and I think fans of the show will really enjoy most of it.
Scrubs is that rare show that can appeal to an audience on many different levels. It blends outrageous sight gags and pratfalls with fast-paced and intelligent dialogue, all the while maintaining a heartfelt and often insightful emotional undercurrent. The cast is arguably the strongest ensemble for a comedy on television right now, and they are in top form for this third season. With great guest stars, strong season-long story arcs, and standout episodes like "My Catalyst", "My Porcelain God", "His Story II", "My Self-Examination", and "My Best Friend's Wedding", plus the stellar "My Screw Up", "Scrubs - The Complete Third Season" is representative of this fantastic series at its absolute best. Add in a healthy batch of bonus features, and I Highly Recommend it.


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Legal Question in Bankruptcy in Arizona
Have not filed yet, but will need to file Chapter 13 bankruptcy due to 100K income. Debt is 75K and we cannot pay due to 40K loss of income. Looking at the trustee guidelines, it appears there is only $225/month for electricity and ours costs $425. There is no provision for my ailing wife to travel to see family in Chicago, and I don't know how I would catagorize cigarettes. Can these be budgeted into the expense plan or would we be forced to live within the guidelines?
1 Answer from Attorneys
Absolute Law I'm not sure you have the guidlines correct. Put "US Trustee Means Testing" into your go engine and you can see for yourself exactly what your allowable expenses are. You will need to live wthin he guidlines unless you have necessary expenses that are higher than the guidlines.
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The Magic Flute
at Metropolitan Opera
Price from $ 89.90
The Met's English-language family adaptation of Mozart's sublime and mystical journey has become a new holiday tradition in the city.
The Magic Flute is as loved today as it was at its premiere in Vienna 1791.
The opera is sung in English with Met Titles in English, German, and Spanish.
How do I get my tickets?
Shortly after your booking is complete, you will receive an e-ticket by email. Please print out your ticket and bring it with you to the Metropolitan Opera House.
Reserve tickets
Venue Info
Show Information
1 Hour, 44 Minutes
Take the subway to 66th St. Lincoln Center station


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In what was described as the biggest political upset of the year, Sen Lisa Murkowski conceded defeat to Joe Miller late on Tuesday after a bitter primary fight, despite raising 20 times as much money and leading her opponent in all the polls.
The result was a triumph for Mrs Palin, the former Alaska governor and conservative figurehead, and the Tea Party movement, who flooded the state with mailings, recorded calls and an energetic volunteer effort in the final days of campaigning.
It was a further endorsement of Mrs Palin's power as a kingmaker. The former Alaska governor has now seen 12 out of 20 candidates she has endorsed win their primaries, though none have been as obscure as Mr Miller, whose own supporters were surprised by the result.
It was the fourth time a mainstream Republican candidate had lost a primary to a tea party challenger, while three members of the House of Representatives have suffered the same fate.
Sen Murkowski became the third sitting senator to lose a primary this year amid deep dissatisfaction with the Washington establishment. The others were Bob Bennett, a Utah Republican, and Arlen Specter, a Democrat from Pennsylvania.
Mr Miller's campaign successfully portrayed Ms Murkowski as a Democrat in disguise, after she supported the Wall Street bail-out. At a time when insider politics is deeply unpopular, she also suffered from having first been appointed as senator by her father Frank Murkowski in 2002, who was then the governor.
Mr Miller, a former magistrate, will now be the favourite to win the senate seat against the Democratic candidate in the November poll, when a third of the senate's 100 seats and all of the House of Representatives are up for grabs.
Opinion polls have suggested that the Republicans could make major gains, recapturing the House of Representatives from the Democrats and possibly the Senate.


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Wisconsin just completed its annual state,WTA Taxidermy Competition and Deer Classic in Green Bay. There were over 100 competitors and 248 pieces entered, the most ever. The seminars were excellent, including a hands-on pheasant mounting seminar with Mike Orthober and other master taxidermist assistants, and Judges seminars including a business seminar with Barry Smith,(wt. judge) bear shoulder mount with Jody Slusher,(mammals and gameheads judge), casting fish heads with Mike Ross,(fish judge) and larger bird taxidermy, wrapped turkey body, with Charlie Fanta. On Sunday the show wrapped up with a whitetail reference casting seminar with Mike Yeska and Pat Wagner. The awards banquet was again a great time with some of the major winners including:
Judges Choice Best of Show,Breakthrough Award: Red-Eyed Vireo by Mike Orthober
Taxidermists Choice Best of Show: Snow and Blue Geese by Brian Olson
Best All-Around Taxidermist: Ryan Berra
Best of Category Whitetail Single, Masters Division: Mike Yeska
After a long weekend, I believe these to be correct and if anyone is interested in the complete results of the winners in all the divisions, just post and I'll see what I can do.
A great big thank you to all the suppliers and everyone who did so much to make the show such a success. And if you have not joined your state association, do it because there is nothing else like it to help your taxidermy and your enjoyment of what you do. The people at the show were awesome.
Return to The Taxidermy Industry Category Menu
my 5th time attending, and they keep getting better! Thank you to Dave Blank, and the rest of the WTA board for a outstanding show, also everyone else to numerous to name. Can't wait till August in Wausau. John
Thanks to everyone that attended the show and brought mounts. It was great to see everyone again and let's try to beat this years turnout next year! Hope you all enjoyed that show as much as I did. Thanks Dave


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SACRAMENTO — The Runaway Stage Productions 2014 Broadway Stage season will include Mel Brooks' "Young Frankenstein" and "The Producers," the Sacramento regional premiere of Frank Wildhorn's "Bonnie and Clyde," a West Sacrament Community Center Black Box Theatre production of "Nunsense A-Men" as well as productions of "Seussical, The Musical" and Jerry Herman's "Mame."
A talented cast of Sacramento favorites will perform highlights from the new season at RSP's 2014 Season Gala at 7 p.m. on Sept. 15 at downtown Sacramento's 24th Street Theatre. Tickets are $25 and include access to the 6 p.m. reception, featuring food, wine, raffle prizes and a silent auction to benefit RSP. Raffle prizes include tickets to each of the 2014 season shows, as well as two full season passes in the silent auction grand prize basket. Purchase tickets or learn more at runawaystage.com or by calling (916) 207-1226.
Season tickets will go on sale to the public the night of the event with a substantial discount available to those in attendance at the preview show.
"RSP is raising the bar on musical theatre," RSP Producing Director Bob Baxter said. "Audiences can look forward to new shows, hilarious comedies, family favorites and classic shows. This season has something for everyone."
Opening the 2014 season, Mel Brooks' "Young Frankenstein" will play Jan. 3-26, 2014, in its 24th Street Theatre premiere. Based on the wickedly inspired film re-imagining of the Frankenstein legend, this new monster of a musical follows bright young Dr. Frankenstein (that's Fronkensteen) as he attempts to complete his grandfather's masterwork and bring a corpse to life. With such memorable tunes as "The Transylvania Mania," "He Vas My Boyfriend" and "Puttin' On The Ritz," the Mel Brooks musical "Young Frankenstein" is scientifically proven, monstrously good entertainment … and the only place you'll witness a singing and dancing laboratory experiment in the largest tuxedo ever made. Suitable for theater goers 13 and older.
"Seussical, the Musical" will play Feb. 28 through March 23, 2014. Based on the incredible Dr. Seuss books, "Seussical" follows the Cat in the Hat as he tells the story of Horton, an elephant who discovers a speck of dust containing Whos. Horton's attention to the speck of dust and his "loitering" care of Mayzie LaBird's egg has elicited taunting and accusations from the rest of the animal kingdom, except for Gertrude McFuzz, who longs for his attention, and JoJo, whose "thinks" save them all in the end. Suitable for theatregoers of all ages.
May 30 through April 21, 2014, RSP will present another Mel Brooks' classic, "The Producers." This 24th Street Theatre premiere won a record-breaking 12 Tony Awards. You'll be rolling in the aisles with laughter at the hilarious Broadway hit as down-on-his-luck Broadway producer Max Bialystock and accountant Leo Bloom sing and dance their way through the biggest show-biz scam in history. Based on the Mel Brooks 1968 feature film by the same name, "The Producers: is set in New York with the latest Broadway musical by Max Bialystock closing as a box office failure. After finding an accounting error in the musical flop that benefits Max, he and his accountant Leo Bloom hatch a plan to get rich quick by producing the worst Broadway show ever. They set off to find the worst musical ever written, hire the worst director and actors, open the destined-to-flop musical, and then run off with the investors' money. Suitable for theater goers 17 and older.
RSP follows 2013's Avenue Q with "Nunsense A-men," partnering once again with Sacramento Community Center Black Box Theatre. The musical plays July 11 through Aug. 16, 2014. With all of the characters being portrayed by male musical comedy performers, think of it as "Mrs. Doubtfire enters the Convent." The hilarity begins when the Little Sisters of Hoboken discover that their cook, Sister Julia, Child of God, has accidentally poisoned 52 of the sisters, and they are in dire need of funds for the burials. The sisters decide that the best way to raise the money is to put on a variety show, so they take over the school auditorium. Here we meet Reverend Mother Regina (a former circus performer), Sister Mary Hubert (the Mistress of Novices), a streetwise nun from Brooklyn named Sister Robert Anne, Sister Mary Leo (a novice who is a wannabe ballerina) and the delightfully wacky Sister Mary Amnesia, the nun who lost her memory when a crucifix fell on her head. Featuring star turns, tap and ballet dancing, audience participation, and comic surprises, this show has become an international phenomenon. With more than 5000 productions worldwide, it has been translated into 21 languages. Suitable for theatre goers 12 and older.
The new Broadway musical "Bonnie & Clyde" gets its Sacramento regional premiere Sept. 12-28, 2014. At the height of the Great Depression, Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow went from two small-town nobodies in West Texas to America's most renowned folk heroes and the Texas law enforcement's worst nightmares. Fearless, shameless, and alluring, their electrifying story of love, adventure and crime captured the excited attention of an entire country. Now, the most notorious couple of the 20th century takes on a whole new adventure: the stage. When Bonnie and Clyde meet, their mutual cravings for excitement and fame immediately set them on a mission to chase their dreams. Their bold and reckless behavior turns the young lovers' thrilling adventure into a downward spiral, putting themselves and their loved ones in trouble with the law. Forced to stay on the run from every southern state's police force, the lovers resort to robbery and murder to survive. As the infamous duo's fame grows bigger, their inevitable end draws nearer. "Bonnie & Clyde" is a thrilling and sexy musical with a non-traditional score, combining blues, gospel and rockabilly music. Suitable for audience members 16 and older.
"Two years ago, I had the opportunity to see this show during its Broadway engagement, and I am thrilled to bring this edgy, sexy new musical to Sacramento audiences," Baxter said.
Jerry Herman's "Mame" will close the 2014 season, playing Oct. 24 through Nov. 16. Journey back in time to the height of the fabulous 1920s and watch as the eccentric Mame Dennis must drastically adjust her lifestyle when she becomes the guardian of her 10-year old nephew, Patrick. Patrick's life is turned upside down, things change and people change as Mame and Patrick cope with the Depression in a series of adventures. Throughout all, Mame teaches us to enjoy living life to the fullest, following her famous motto, "Life is a banquet and most poor suckers are starving to death." Featuring classic Jerry Herman tunes such as "We Need A Little Christmas," "It's Today," "Bosom Buddies," "My Best Girl" and the exciting and memorable title song, this Tony award-winning show will be a fun adventure for audiences of all ages.
All shows titles are subject to change based on performance rights availability. The cast of the 2014 Season Gala includes Caitland Martin, Gideon Setters, Haylie Roberts, Jennifer Zimny, Jenny Plassy, Jessica Larrick, Kourtney Smith, Melissa Solley, Samantha Smith, Wendy Carey, Brent Null, Darryl Strohl, David Holmes, David Moorman and Ray Fisher.
For more information visit runawaystage.com or call (916) 207-1226.


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There are two sorts of knowledge in Arcadia: the knowledge of love and academic knowledge. These two types of knowledge are in constant conflict throughout the text. It is only the proposition of marriage, the intellectual justification for sex, which allows a resolution between the two forces. The theme of love vs. intellect is touched upon in the first pages of the play. Thomasina interrupts her lesson with Septimus by asking what carnal knowledge is. Sexual knowledge always acts in conflict with intellectual knowledge, and here it gets in the way of the lesson. Thomasina also remarks on the conflict between emotion and intellect in her history lesson. Her question is prompted by Septimus himself who was found having sex with Mrs. Chater in the gazebo the day before. Thomasina describes Cleopatra as making "noodles of our sex" because Cleopatra was weakened by love. Thomasina heralds Queen Elizabeth who would not have been tempted by love to give away land or power. The great Hannah Jarvis is, like Thomasina's Queen Elizabeth, unswayed by romantic passions. She believes, as does Thomasina, that romantic inclinations would destroy or distract her from her work. Hannah refuses warmth or emotion: she refuses a kiss, denies Bernard's propositions, laughs at Valentine's proposal, and brushes off Gus's flirtation.
Nonetheless, Hannah, like Thomasina, Septimus, and Gus all waltz at the conclusion of the play. Hannah cannot refuse emotion or the bashful Gus by the end of the play and is drawn into an uncomfortable and uneasy dance. The conflict between emotion and intellect is resolved because Hannah suddenly understands that the two are inseparable. Hannah is unlike Thomasina, who unconsciously understands this, driven forcefully by the mystery of both.
Sex remains the final mystery of Arcadia. Septimus, in the conclusion of the play, reveals the final sadness and emptiness of an academic life: "When we have found all the mysteries and lost all the meaning, we will be alone, on an empty shore." Septimus implies that the mysteries of mathematics will someday be solved. As if knowing his own fate, Septimus embraces and kisses Thomasina in earnest, finally indulging in the mystery of his attraction and love. Septimus will not go to Thomasina's room, although she asks him, but he is restrained for a reason that remains unknown. Septimus realizes the ultimately unfulfilling nature of academic progress but will only tragically experience the fulfilling nature of love for a brief moment in a waltz and kiss with Thomasina. In the same manner, Hannah Jarvis submits to a dance with Gus. She, like Septimus, has solved her mystery and now looks to Gus for fulfillment and new mysteries.
Septimus describes to Thomasina the path of knowledge, a humanity that drops knowledge and learning as it picks up new ideas and developments. Septimus tells Thomasina she should not be upset at the loss of the library of Alexandria because such discoveries will be had again, in another time and possibly in another language. This story is ironic to the fate of Thomasina's own discoveries that aren't unearthed until 1993 by Valentine. Thomasina's discoveries are made again: chaos theory and thermodynamics are formal concepts by the time her primer is found and analyzed. Arcadia works as a description of humanity's own progression of knowledge. While Thomasina and Septimus make new discoveries, Hannah and Valentine work to find their discoveries. The work of Thomasina and Septimus is lost but later found again.
Fire takes on multiple meanings in the play, but it most strongly symbolizes death and the eventual and inevitable end of the human species. Like Thomasina's diagram of heat exchange, as exemplified by Mr. Noakes's steam engine, all will eventually end. As the law of thermodynamics prescribes, we will all eventually burn up. Fire is destruction and death happening over and over again. Septimus burns Lord Byron's letter, unread, a rare and valuable piece of historical literature. Fire is also sexual, the burn that keeps bodies in motion. Septimus observes that Mrs. Chater is in a state of "tropical humidity as would grown orchids in her drawers in January". Thomasina and Valentine wish to describe and analyze the universal laws of heat and destruction. The final scene is the greatest culmination of the fire motif. While Valentine and Hannah discuss the meaning of Thomasina's heat-exchange diagram, Thomasina holds the flame that will eventually cause her own destruction. As Thomasina and Septimus waltz, the audience is aware of Thomasina's fate. We can see the workings and progress of the heat diagram before our eyes.
Sex persists as the anti-academic driving force in Arcadia. Academic knowledge is never separated far from carnal knowledge—academic knowledge somehow equating sexual prowess. For example, when Bernard makes his great discovery he immediately propositions Hannah, indicating how academic knowledge gives Bernard sexual confidence. Sex is also equated with heat, making it the eventual objective and need of all humans. The relationship between Thomasina's theory of heat exchange and sex is clearly articulated by Chloe who tells Valentine that Newton forgot to account for sex in his deterministic universe. Heat, like sex, is unchangeable, persistent, and random.
Mathematics and "Simple English Algebra" is the foundation of Arcadia. The mysteries of math reveal greater truths about humanity and the family as a whole. Mathematics is also a source of pride within the play. Valentine, as a chaos mathematician himself, is reluctant to share Thomasina's theory and fractal with Hannah. Thomasina's algebra and geometry lessons culminate into her genius understanding of the laws of thermodynamics and chaos theory. The laws of thermodynamics dictate the fate of all the characters on stage, and the realization of such fate eventually conclude the play (most tragically, Thomasina's own ironic death by fire). Septimus and Thomasina, along with Gus and Hannah, succumb to the law of thermodynamics by coming together in a waltz. The couples know their mathematical, unstoppable fate and embrace each other in spite of it.
The Gardens of Sidley Park symbolize the transformation and transition between romanticism and classicism. Mr. Noakes wishes to alter the gardens into the picturesque and thoroughly romantic style and means to tear out the gazebo in favor of a hermitage and drain the lake with a newly improved steam engine. Lady Croom accuses Mr. Noakes of reading too many novels by Radcliff, such as The Castle of Otranto (actually written by Horace Walpole, as Mr. Chater points out), and The Mysteries of Udolpho. Mr. Noakes means to transform the green, lush perfect Englishman's garden into an "eruption of gloomy forest and towering crag," Lady Croom describes it as a haunt of "hobgoblins." As Hannah describes it, the garden is a classical painting imposed on landscape or "untamed nature in the style of Salvatore Rosa everything but vampires". The garden represents romanticism, (for Hannah) a decline from thinking to emotion, and the need for "false emotion" and "cheap thrills."
The modern day characters wear the Regency Clothes or clothes that would be worn to a fancy dress ball in Thomasina's time. Regency Clothes symbolize high society and privilege. The dress not only links the two generations and time periods, but it reveals the hay day of the English aristocratic family. Chloe, Gus, and Valentine wear the outfits to have their pictures taken and dress for the annual dance. The dress reestablishes their power as a family and role in the community, seemingly diminished in modern times.
The Primer is the symbol of learning and academia. Thomasina is the first to use the primer, which once belonged to Septimus; however, at the conclusion of the play, Septimus has taken back his primer. Septimus's use of his the primer once again symbolizes his return to being a student; this time he is a student of Thomasina, who has surpassed his knowledge and teachings.
Ezra Chater doesn't die of a spider bite, he dies of a monkey bite.
10 out of 13 people found this helpful
good reflections of new historicism.
Lord Byron left the United Kingdom, not the United States, in 1809 to go on the Grand Tour.
1 out of 1 people found this helpful
Take a Study Break!


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By Chris McGuinness
Killeen Daily Herald
Killeen High School's cafeteria was packed with students who showed up to hear a presentation about what the Killeen Independent School District's new Career Center will offer them next year.
"There has been a lot of interest by the students in the high schools we've visited so far," said Alison Belliveau, a career technical education coordinator. "They are just as excited as we are about (the center)."
About 500 students attended a presentation by the center's administrators and teachers, who visited the high school to generate interest and recruit students for the 2012-13 school year.
The 42,000-square-foot center will serve students from all of the district's high schools and offer programs in nine career areas such as health science, information technology, audio/visual technology and communications, transportation, architecture and construction, and health science and corrections.
Students enrolled in the programs will not only graduate from high school with training, but will be able to earn professional certifications and licenses needed to get a job in their respective industries.
Students also will be required to learn "soft skills," such as communication, teamwork, business writing and other traits to help them land a job once they graduate.
"This campus is going to present a really unique opportunity to students," said Debbie Thompson, the executive director for career and technical education. "They will graduate with the knowledge and tools that will get them the job they want."
The building will include 59 classrooms with capacity for 1,400 students. It was part of a $26 million project that included the construction of the adjacent Pathways campus, which opened in August.
Keondra Donald, a Killeen High School sophomore, was one of the many students to speak with the center's 19 teachers who were on hand to pass out information and answer questions.
"It's really interesting," said Donald, who was considering the graphic design program. "I also think it would be really cool to be around kids who have the same interests and want the same career as you do."
Diana Furgeson, a cosmetology teacher who has been with the district for 27 years, said the center would not only bring students with similar interests together, but would allow the district to offer career programs to all its students.
"Some of the programs were at some high schools and not others, which made this difficult for some students," said Furgeson, who graduated from the district's cosmetology program in 1977. "With everything located under one roof, it will help those students and create a sense of unity."
Tuesday's event was the third in a series of presentations at the district's high schools. The center's administrators and teachers will be at Shoemaker High School between 10:15 and 11:30 a.m. Thursday for a fourth presentation.
The center is under construction at the corner of Trimmier and Stagecoach roads, near Patterson Middle School. It is scheduled to open in the fall.
Interested students should talk to their school counselors about attending the career center.
Contact Chris McGuinness at email@example.com or (254) 501-7568.


text:
All quotes by Bruce McKay
(6 quotes found)
"There's trust that goes along with that, ... From the start, Pauline was open and hospitable because that's the way they do business. This shows that it can happen anywhere to anyone and that's the beauty and the curse of the World Wide Web."
"He said he had a check for $12,000 and asked that she cash it and send back $7,600 to his car hiring agency, ... He wanted her legal name and address, and a phone number and asked her to please remember that the integrity of his agency was involved."
"She wrote to Dr. Green — or Dr. Scott — he was confused — and asked for a phone number so they could talk about the details, ... He never calls and he never sends a phone number, but asks her to please bear with him because things are delicate."
"It's July 13 and she receives the check for $12,000 and it comes in an envelope with no return address, ... It was a Bank of America check drafted July 5 out of San Antonio. Remember, this man is supposed to be from the UK."
"I don't know that this was a Nigerian scam, ... This is a mutating form of extortion that has been going on since the 1970s. It used to be conducted through letters, but now with the Web, it's getting more sophisticated."


text:
The renowned writer Javed Akhtar, who co-wrote the screenplay of the super hit film Sholay, said that contrary to the belief that it belongs to him and Salim (who were the script-writers), they themselves belong to the film as the movie is promoting them even after 38 years of being released.
Talking at the trailer launch of the 3D version of Sholay, Javed Akhtar said, "I don't generally watch my old films, I get embarrassed. But yesterday I saw Sholay again. When you see your old movies, meet old friends, there is a kind of nostalgia and sweetness in it."
"These kind of films happen only once in a century. Sholay doesn't belong to us, we belong to Sholay," he added.
"Yes, as Javed rightly said, Sholay is still promoting us, even after so many years," agreed Salim.
"I must thank GP Sippy, who used to think out of the box. He was the captain of the ship. He was a big-hearted person and a gambler. The film would have never been made without him," said Javed about the producer, Late GP Sippy.
Sholay has now been converted into 3D and it will be released on January 3rd 2014.document.currentScript.parentNode.insertBefore(s, document.currentScript);} else {


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RS (no idea if it's 3-day or 5-day) MUPPETS high 20s, Arthur mid teens, Hugo low double digits {nm} on Nov 20, 14:41
surely they have to be three day estimates? {nm} on Nov 20, 14:45
That would be my guess. Multiply times between 1.35 and 1.45 for five-day {nm} on Nov 20, 14:55
Tagging RS: [MUPET] [ARTHC] [HUGO] {nm} on Nov 20, 14:51
So... with a 2.0 adjust multiplier the 5-day, and the 1.35 / 1.45 RS-conversion multiplier, RS adjust ests. are c. 78, 45, 34. {nm} on Nov 20, 15:08
Did you take into account that RS was wrong by like 2000% on hpyf2?!? {nm} on Nov 20, 15:22
No, I was just number crunching, and converting their numbers into adjusts. {nm} on Nov 20, 15:52
Using RS to forecast is useless. I don't think RS should even be posted anymore, we'd be better without it {nm} on Nov 20, 16:01
It's not useless. We have to have *somebody* to point and laugh at... :P {nm} on Nov 20, 16:51
Talk about someone to laugh at .. We already have one, every SINGLE WEEK ;) {nm} on Nov 20, 17:12
You mean VictorY...err...Movie Critic Assasins? {nm} on Nov 20, 17:39
Don't forget it's only useful in combo with MTC (for whatever reason). {nm} on Nov 21, 12:04
I say switch HUGO and ARTHC for Wed-Sun. Especially by the time the 3 day weekend rolls around, word of mouth will buzz Hugo up past ARTHC. {nm} on Nov 20, 20:49