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The early-life environment has implications for risk of adult-onset diseases, such as glucose intolerance, insulin insensitivity, and obesity, effects that may occur with or without reduced birth weight. We determined the consequences of nutrient restriction in early gestation and early postnatal life and their interactions on postnatal growth, body composition, and glucose handling. Ewes received 100% (C, n = 39) or 50% nutritional requirements (U, n = 41) from 1 to 31 days gestation and 100% thereafter. Male and female offspring (singleton/twin) from C and U ewes were then fed either ad libitum (CC n = 22, UC n = 19) or to reduce body weight to 85% of target from 12 to 25 wk of age (CU n = 17, UU n = 22) and ad libitum thereafter. At 1.5 and 2.5 yr, glucose handling was determined by area under the curve (AUC) for glucose and insulin concentrations following intravenous glucose (0.5 g/kg body wt). Insulin sensitivity was determined at 2.5 yr following intravenous insulin (0.5 IU/kg). In females, postnatal undernutrition reduced (P < 0.05) glucose AUC at both ages, regardless of prenatal nutrition. Postnatal undernutrition did not affect insulin secretion in females but enhanced insulin-induced glucose disappearance in singletons. Poor early postnatal growth was associated with increased fat in females. In males, glucose tolerance was unaffected by undernutrition despite changes in insulin AUC dependent on age, treatment, and single/twin birth. Nutrition in early postnatal life has long-lasting, sex-specific effects on glucose handling in sheep, likely due, in females, to enhanced insulin sensitivity. Improved glucose utilization may aid weight recovery but have negative implications for glucose homeostasis and body composition over the longer term.
- nutrition
- glucose tolerance
- developmental origins of health and disease
epidemiological studies show that the environment in early life may have long-term effects on the risk of adult-onset metabolic diseases. Low birth weight or thinness at birth confer an increased risk of glucose intolerance (15), insulin resistance (29), and the metabolic syndrome (3) in adult life. These effects are independent of adult lifestyle factors but may be compounded by increased adiposity, which itself is associated with poor early growth (18). Studies of adults who were in utero at the time of the Dutch Famine (November 1944 to May 1945) provide direct evidence that maternal undernutrition, acting at critical windows of development, can affect adult health. Male and female offspring of women exposed to famine during mid- and late gestation had lower birth weights and reduced glucose tolerance in adulthood, which worsened in the presence of obesity (31). Birth weight was not reduced in those affected by famine in early gestation, but nonetheless, these individuals had an increased risk of later obesity. This effect was first recorded in young adult men (33) but in older age was evident only in women (32). It is therefore clear that birth weight alone is an inadequate marker of altered fetal development. Animal studies demonstrate that maternal undernutrition postconception influences fetal insulin secretion in late gestation (21) and brief fetal exposure to glucocorticoids alters glucose metabolism (19) and blood pressure (11) in adult life, all of which occur without changes in birth weight.
Postnatal growth patterns also influence later health, with reduced size at birth, persistent thinness in infancy but accelerated childhood growth, and later obesity conferring an increased risk of insulin resistance (2, 6, 8). In addition, boys malnourished during their first year have reduced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity as young adults, independent of birth weight, which worsened as present body mass index increased (13). By contrast, the relative growth-limiting effects of breast feeding, compared with formula feeding, reduces adult diabetes, obesity, and hypertension risks (28, 36, 39). Nutrient restriction in many mammalian species prevents obesity-related metabolic disorders and has beneficial effects for enhanced lifespan, which itself is associated with improved insulin sensitivity (17).
Recently, it has been suggested that, although responding to changes in maternal nutrition is immediately beneficial to the fetus, the long-term effects of these adaptations may prove detrimental if postnatal nutrition does not match that predicted by the fetus on the basis of its prenatal environment (12). This "predictive adaptive response" theory suggests that the degree of mismatch, e.g., in nutrition, between the pre- and postnatal environments determines disease risk (12). If correct, the theory suggests that the consequences of a nutritional restriction in postnatal life will differ in individuals exposed to a prenatal nutritional restriction from those that were not. Testing this concept directly in relation to metabolic disease necessitates using a large animal model such as sheep, which are of similar maturity at birth to humans for key organs and systems, have a long gestation period that allows manipulation of maternal nutrition for specific periods, and have a smaller number of fetuses than rodents. Hence, we aimed to determine the long-term consequences of moderate nutrient restriction in early gestation and in early postnatal life, and their possible interactions, on postnatal growth, body composition, and glucose handling in adulthood. The study was specifically designed to examine any potential sex differences in these effects.
All procedures were carried out in accordance with the regulations of the UK Home Office Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, 1986.
Welsh Mountain ewes (n = 80) in their second or third parity and of uniform good body condition [∼3 on a scale of 1–5, (35)] were housed on straw in open barns at the Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK. They were allowed to acclimatize, for ≥1 wk prior to conception, to a complete pelleted diet (GFW Titmus, Hertfordshire, UK) that provided 100% of their nutritional requirements as per standard guidelines (1). The diet consisted of barley, wheat, micronized full fat soya, grass meal, molasses, chopped straw, calcium carbonate, dicalcium phosphate salt, and sheep vitamin/mineral supplement. As fed, it provided 9.6 MJ/kg (metabolizable energy) and 14.75% crude protein.
The estrous cycle of groups of 3–4 ewes was synchronized by withdrawing vaginal medroxyprogesterone acetate-impregnated sponges (Veramix; Upjohn, Crawley, UK) 12 days after insertion. One of three raddled Welsh Mountain rams was introduced for 3 days, and day 0 of gestation was taken as the first day that an obvious raddle mark was observed. The choice of ram for each group of ewes was completely random. Pregnancy was confirmed by measuring plasma progesterone concentrations on day 16 of gestation using an enzyme immunoassay kit (Ridgeway Science, Avington, UK).
Before conception, ewes were randomly assigned to a control or a dietary-restricted group. Nutritional requirements were calculated individually for each ewe on the basis of initial body weight and fed in a pelleted form, without access to hay. Control ewes [prenatal control (C) n = 39] received 100% of their nutritional requirements before and then throughout gestation. From 1 to 31 days of gestation (term = 147 days), ewes in the dietary-restricted group [prenatal undernutrition (U), n = 41] received 50% of their nutritional requirements (by restricting the pelleted diet ration) and 100% of requirements for the remainder of gestation. Feed rations were adjusted according to gestational age based on guidelines for pregnant sheep (1). Water was provided ad libitum. Ewes were individually penned from 7 days before conception to 37 days of gestation and group housed thereafter with animals at a similar gestational age. Ewes were allowed to deliver and suckle their lambs naturally and during this time continued to receive 100% of their nutritional requirements, with further adjustments of the feed ration according to needs during lactation and standard guidelines (1). Lambs were weaned at 12 wk of age after a gradual introduction of the postweaning diet (see below).
After being weaned, lambs were group housed on straw in open barns. The postweaning lamb diet consisted of free access to water and hay. Creep pellets (Prestige Lamb Pellets + Decox; BOCM Pauls, Loughborough, UK) were provided to the group each morning and afternoon, such that each lamb had access to a standard ration according to body weight as per standard guidelines (1). As fed, creep pellets provided 10.51 MJ/kg (metabolizable energy) and 18% crude protein.
Between 12 and 25 wk of age, lambs from C and U ewes were grouped with ∼10 others of similar body weight and treatment group and were fed either 100% of nutritional requirements [prenatal control/postnatal control (CC) n = 22, prenatal undernutrition/postnatal control (UC) n = 19] or at an intake level that reduced body weight to 85% of their target weight [prenatal control/postnatal undernutrition (CU) n = 17, prenatal undernutrition/postnatal undernutrition (UU) n = 22]. To keep body weight on the desired trajectory, lambs were monitored individually by weekly weighing and feed ration adjustment. Their individual target weight at each week was calculated by a linear trajectory projected from body weights taken at birth, 4, 8, and 12 wk of age. Weight reduction was achieved by restricting the pelleted diet but maintaining free access to hay. If necessary, lambs were removed from group housing to maintain weight at the desired level.
From 25 wk of age onwards, lambs were returned to larger group housing and received 100% of nutritional requirements. At ∼32 wk of age, lambs were transferred onto a standard ration of an adult complete pelleted diet (Ewbol 18; BOCM Pauls) according to body weight, as per standard guidelines (1), plus ad libitum hay. As fed, adult pellets provided 10.38 MJ/kg (metabolizable energy) and 18% crude protein.
Each group contained approximately equal numbers of males and females, and the ratio of singleton to twin lambs was ∼4:6. Group numbers according to singleton and twin birth for males were CC: singleton n = 5, twin n = 8; CU: singleton n = 3, twin n = 5; UC: singleton n = 4, twin n = 5; UU: singleton n = 5, twin n = 6; and for females they were CC: singleton n = 2, twin n = 7; CU: singleton n = 4, twin n = 5; UC: singleton n = 2, twin n = 8; UU: singleton n = 4, twin n = 7. The number of observations for each experimental data set is indicated in the legend of each table or figure or in results. There was a small reduction in the number of experimental observations at 2.5 compared with 1.5 yr due to technical difficulties (e.g., catheter loss shortly after surgery).
All lambs were weighed again at 35 wk of age and just prior to both experimental ages [16.5 ± 0.1 mo (1.5 yr) and 29.6 ± 0.2 mo (2.5 yr) of age]. At each experimental age, fat and muscle depths in the third lumbar region were measured by ultrasound (Aloka SSD 210 DX11; BCF Technology, Livingstone, UK) with a 7.5 MHz linear array transducer.
Surgical techniques.
At 9.9 ± 0.1 mo of age, lambs were fasted overnight. Anesthesia was induced by thiopentone sodium (10 mg/kg iv; Link Pharmaceuticals, Horsham, UK) and maintained by halothane (2–4% in O2, Vetothane Halothane; Virbac, Cambridge, UK), and carotid artery loops (externalization of artery within a flap of skin) were created. Male lambs were also vasectomized during the surgery. Immediately after surgery, analgesic (1.7 mg/kg sc, Finadyne Meglumine; Schering-Plough Animal Health, Welwyn Garden City, UK) and antibiotic (15 mg/kg im, LA Betamox, amoxicillin; Norbrook Laboratories, Newry, UK) treatments were administered and the normal feeding regime was restored. At least 4 mo recovery was allowed prior to experimentation.
At 1.5 yr of age, sheep were moved into individual metabolism cages and acclimatized for 4 days, with no change in their feeding regime. After an overnight fast, temporary indwelling carotid artery (via the loop) and jugular vein catheters were inserted under general anesthesia (2–4% halothane in O2 by face mask). Antibiotic treatment was administered (15 mg/kg im, Betamox), and catheters were maintained for 3 days. Temporary indwelling catheters were removed at the completion of the experiments from all sheep, and they were returned to group housing for later study.
At 2.5 yr of age, sheep were moved from the Royal Veterinary College to the University of Southampton, where they were housed in individual metabolism cages. Feeding regimes remained unaltered, and sheep were allowed 6 days to recover from the transport. After an overnight fast, general anesthesia was induced by thiopentone sodium (10 mg/kg iv) and maintained by halothane (2–4% in O2), and indwelling carotid artery (via the loop) and jugular vein catheters were inserted. Antibiotic treatment was administered (15 mg/kg im, Betamox), and catheters were maintained for up to 17 days.
Experimental protocol.
At 1.5 and 2.5 yr of age, a glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed following an overnight fast (1600–0900). Glucose (0.5 g/kg body wt) was administered as an intravenous bolus of 3 min duration, and arterial blood samples (3 ml into chilled EDTA tubes) were collected for analysis of plasma glucose and insulin concentrations at 30 min, 15 min, and immediately (0 min) before and 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after the start of the glucose administration (time 0). At 2.5 yr only, an insulin tolerance test (ITT) was performed (1 day after the GTT) following an overnight fast (1600–0900). Insulin (0.5 IU/kg body wt) was administered as a rapid intravenous bolus at time 0, and arterial blood samples (4–10 ml into chilled EDTA tubes) were collected for analysis of plasma glucose concentrations at 30 min, 15 min, and immediately (0 min) before and 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after insulin administration. All blood samples were centrifuged immediately (10 min at 4°C), and after determination of plasma glucose levels plasma was stored at −20°C.
At the completion of all experimental protocols, sheep were killed by a barbiturate (pentobarbitone sodium) overdose. Approximately 1 g of pancreatic tissue was collected from a consistent region and placed in 10 ml HCl (180 mmol/l) in 75% (vol/vol) ethanol on ice (27). The tissue was minced finely with scissors, sonicated for 30 s, and then extracted overnight at 4°C. After centrifugation (3,000 rpm for 20 min), the supernatant was removed and stored at −20°C for later analysis.
Biochemical analyses.
Plasma glucose concentrations were measured using a blood gas analyzer (ABL 735; Radiometer, Crawley, UK). Insulin concentrations in plasma and extracted pancreatic tissue were measured by ELISA (DRG Sheep Insulin ELISA; ImmunoDiagnostic Systems, Tyne and Wear, UK). The inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation for the insulin assay were 8 and 5%, respectively.
Data analysis.
For each GTT experiment, the area under the glucose and insulin response curve (AUC) was calculated [integrated plasma concentrations following glucose administration (5–120 min) above the mean pre-GTT (−30 to 0 min) concentrations]. For each ITT experiment, the minimum glucose level achieved relative to baseline [Δminimum glucose = minimum glucose following insulin administration − mean pre-ITT (−30 to 0 min)] and the slope of the fall in glucose following insulin administration from 5 to 20 min {glucose slope = ([glucose] at 20 min − [glucose] at 5 min)/15 min} were calculated. All measurements of fat and muscle depth were corrected for present body weight.
Data are expressed as means ± SE. Data were analyzed in two ways. First, the effects of prenatal diet, postnatal diet, sex, and number of offspring per pregnancy were tested on the data set as a whole using multifactorial analyses of variance (4-way ANOVA). Where significant effects of any factor or interactions were found, further analyses were performed, having split the data by that factor(s). Second, the relationship between two factors was analyzed separately within each sex using linear regression analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism version 3.0 and SPSS version 8. Significance was accepted at P < 0.05.
Postnatal growth patterns and body composition.
Early gestation undernutrition had no effect on birth weight or size (Table 1). From 12 wk female sheep were lighter than male sheep, but at 1.5 and 2.5 yr females had more fat and muscle relative to their body weight (Table 1). In males and females, the reduction in body weight induced by postnatal undernutrition (12–25 wk) occurred independently from prenatal nutritional group (Table 1). This reduction persisted until 35 wk in all males and in prenatally undernourished females but was no longer evident by 1.5 (young adult) or 2.5 yr (mature adult) in any group (Table 1). However, body weight at 2.5 yr tracked with age, being related to weight at 25 wk, 35 wk, and 1.5 yr in males (r2 = 0.11, 0.25, and 0.58, respectively; n = 41, P < 0.05) and to weight at birth, 12 wk, 25 wk, 35 wk, and 1.5 yr in females (r2 = 0.11, 0.26, 0.40, 0.39, and 0.82, respectively; n = 39, P < 0.05).
In the female population as a whole, fat depth tracked with age from 1.5 to 2.5 yr (r2 = 0.19, P < 0.05). Fat depth was increased in 1.5-yr-old female, but not male, sheep that received both pre- and postnatal undernutrition (UU) compared with prenatal undernutrition alone (UC; Table 1), although this was no longer significant at 2.5 yr (Table 1). Poor growth between 12 and 25 wk (r2 = 0.11, P < 0.05; Fig. 1C), low body weight at 25 and 35 wk, and accelerated growth rate from 35 wk to 1.5 yr were each associated with increased body fat in young adult female sheep (r2 = 0.13, 0.11, and 0.24, respectively; P < 0.05).
Muscle depth was unaffected by pre- or postnatal diet (Table 1). However, muscle depth at 1.5 yr was negatively influenced by weight at 35 wk in males (r2 = 0.18, P < 0.05) and by weight at 12, 25, and 35 wk in females (r2 = 0.14, 0.33, and 0.24, respectively; P < 0.05). Muscle depth tracked with age from 1.5 to 2.5 yr in males (r2 = 0.13, P < 0.05) and females (r2 = 0.33, P < 0.05).
Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in female sheep.
At both 1.5 and 2.5 yr of age, glucose tolerance was greater (lower glucose AUC during GTT) in females exposed to postnatal undernutrition (Fig. 2, C and D). This result was not affected by prenatal nutritional status or singleton/twin birth. There was no change in the insulin response to glucose at either study age in the postnatally undernourished groups (Table 2). Moreover, there were no overall effects of pre- or postnatal diet on insulin sensitivity (glucose slope or Δminimum glucose during ITT; Table 2). However, insulin sensitivity at 2.5 yr was enhanced in singleton females (increased glucose slope) by postnatal undernutrition, regardless of prenatal diet (CU and UU: 0.092 ± 0.004 mmol·l−1·min−1, n = 6; CC and UC: 0.077 ± 0.005 mmol·l−1·min−1, n = 4, P < 0.05). In addition, a reduction in basal insulin concentrations in the postnatal undernourished groups indicated improved insulin sensitivity in 1.5-yr-old singleton females (CC and UC: 0.52 ± 0.07 μg/l, n = 4; CU and UU: 0.32 ± 0.05 μg/l, n = 8, P <0.05).
In females as a whole, improved glucose tolerance at 1.5 yr was associated with both slower growth rate between 12 and 25 wk (Fig. 1D) and accelerated fractional growth rate from 25 to 35 wk (r2 = 0.11, P < 0.05). However, higher growth rates from 1.5 to 2.5 yr and higher body weight in the 2.5-yr-old female population were associated with poorer glucose tolerance (increased glucose AUC during GTT; r2 = 0.21 and 0.18, respectively, P < 0.05). Increasing fat depth was associated with elevated insulin AUC and the insulin AUC:glucose AUC ratio at 1.5 yr (r2 = 0.10 and 0.13, respectively, P < 0.05) and elevated basal insulin concentrations and the insulin:glucose ratio at 2.5 yr (r2 = 0.39 and 0.39, respectively, P < 0.05), indicative of reduced insulin sensitivity. Low weight and body mass index at birth were associated with low pancreatic insulin content at 2.5 yr (r2 = 0.15 and 0.14, respectively, P < 0.05). Overall, glucose tolerance (as indicated by glucose AUC and basal glucose concentrations) was worse in females than in males at 1.5 yr (Fig. 2C and Table 2).
Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in male sheep.
In males at 1.5 yr, prenatal undernutrition did not alter glucose handling but did increase the insulin AUC and the ratio of insulin AUC to glucose AUC during GTT (Table 2). However, postnatal undernutrition reduced insulin AUC (CC and UC: 1,065 ± 155 μg·min−1·l−1, n = 5; CU and UU: 466 ± 142 μg·min−1·l−1, n = 7, P < 0.05) and the ratio of insulin AUC to glucose AUC (CC and UC: 1.01 ± 0.15, n = 5; CU and UU: 0.45 ± 0.14, n = 7, P < 0.05) at 2.5 yr (singletons only), regardless of the prenatal diet.
In males as a whole, faster growth rate in the first 12 postnatal weeks and higher body weight at 12 wk were associated with increased glucose AUC at 2.5 yr (r2 = 0.20 and 0.16, respectively, P < 0.05), indicative of poorer glucose tolerance. In addition, insulin sensitivity in males was reduced (lower Δminimum glucose during ITT) as body condition increased (as assessed by weight and relative fat depth; r2 = 0.13 and 0.20, respectively, P < 0.05). Fat depth as well as high growth rate from 1.5 to 2.5 yr of age were also negatively related to the glucose slope during ITT (r2 = 0.12 and 0.14, respectively, P < 0.05) and to pancreatic insulin content (r2 = 0.45 and 0.35, respectively, P < 0.001).
The effect of singleton or twin birth.
Birth weight was not different between twins (3.6 ± 0.1 kg, n = 29) and singletons (3.9 ± 0.2 kg n = 51). However, twin sheep at birth were shorter than singletons (single: 43.2 ± 0.7 cm; twin: 38.4 ± 0.5 cm, P < 0.005), and thus body mass index was greater in twins than in singletons (single: 21.3 ± 1.1 kg/m2; twin: 24.6 ± 0.8 kg/m2, P < 0.05). Twin sheep were lighter than singletons at 12 wk (single: 26.7 ± 0.9 kg; twin: 23.0 ± 0.8 kg, P < 0.005), 25 wk (single: 39.2 ± 0.8 kg; twin: 35.8 ± 0.6 kg, P < 0.005), 35 wk (single: 45.5 ± 0.9 kg; twin: 42.0 ± 0.7 kg, P < 0.005), and 1.5 yr (single: 59.0 ± 1.2 kg; twin: 54.4 ± 0.9 kg, P < 0.005), and this was not influenced by sex. By 2.5 yr there was no longer any effect of singleton or twin birth on body weight (Table 1). Fat depth was unaffected by singleton or twin birth (Table 1), but muscle depth was greater in twins than in singletons at 1.5 (single: 0.47 ± 0.01 mm/kg; twin: 0.50 ± 0.01 mm/kg, P < 0.05) and 2.5 yr (single: 0.44 ± 0.01 mm/kg; twin: 0.49 ± 0.01 mm/kg, P < 0.05).
Overall, twin sheep were more insulin sensitive than singletons at 2.5 yr, as shown by a larger fall in glucose concentrations relative to baseline during ITT (single: 1.75 ± 0.06 mmol/l, n = 24; twin: 1.91 ± 0.04 mmol/l, n = 46, P < 0.05) and a reduction in the peak glucose achieved during the GTT (single: 24.3 ± 0.6 mmol/l; twin: 22.6 ± 0.4 mmol/l, P < 0.05).
In addition, insulin AUC and insulin AUC to glucose AUC ratio were reduced (P < 0.05) at 1.5 yr in twin (307 ± 18 and 0.29 ± 0.12 μg·min−1·l−1, respectively, n = 49) compared with singleton sheep (377 ± 24 and 0.35 ± 0.02 μg·min−1·l−1, respectively, n = 29).
Pancreatic insulin content.
Overall, pancreatic insulin content at 2.5 yr was unaffected by exposure to pre- and/or postnatal undernutrition (Table 2).
This study has shown for the first time that a short nutritional challenge in early postnatal life, when the young animal is establishing regulation of nutritional intake independent of its mother, has a long-lasting effect on glucose handling in a sex-specific manner. In adult female, but not male, sheep glucose tolerance was improved by moderate postweaning undernutrition. This may reflect the different strategies adopted by males and females following impaired nutrient supply at a critical developmental stage. The ability to recover body weight may have a higher priority in females aimed at protecting later reproductive function, which is dependent on a critical body weight and nutrient stores in the form of fat (4). An improvement in glucose handling may therefore be an adaptive strategy that has an immediate survival advantage, increasing the ability to utilize available glucose in a poor nutrient environment as well as providing a longer-term mechanism to facilitate a return of body weight when adequate nutrition is restored. However, the long-term implications of improved glucose handling following early life nutrient restriction in the present study remain unknown, since in other species poor early life nutrition enhances (22–24) but then subsequently reduces glucose tolerance (26). Increased glucose tolerance may also predispose to increased fat accumulation, which may become detrimental to glucose handling with time, particularly if nutrition is restored to adequate or abundant levels. Indeed, across the adult population as a whole, heavier sheep were less glucose tolerant. We hypothesize that, if the discrepancy between the predicted nutritional environment and that actually experienced in adult life was increased, the adaptive response of improved glucose tolerance following undernutrition in early postnatal life may have negative implications for later glucose homeostasis.
The improvement in glucose tolerance following postnatal undernutrition in females, with no change in the insulin response to glucose, indicates that glucose is cleared more rapidly from the circulation or that there is greater insulin-induced suppression of glucose production in these animals. Slower growth rates during, and accelerated rates after, the postnatal nutrient challenge directly predicted improved glucose tolerance in females. In addition, the amount of body fat and muscle was related to growth patterns in early postnatal life. Growth trajectories that increase the amount of these key tissues may have implications for whole body insulin sensitivity and may, in part, explain the improved glucose handling in postnatally undernourished females. In singleton-born females, the rate of insulin-induced glucose disappearance was increased by postnatal nutrient restriction. Taken together, these data suggest that heightened peripheral insulin sensitivity, rather than increased insulin secretion, may underlie the improvement in glucose clearance following poor postnatal nutrition in females. In other species, the mechanisms whereby the environment in early life may affect glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity include changes in insulin receptor number, components of the insulin-signaling pathway, glucose transport and hepatic synthetic capacity, and pancreatic structure and function (7, 22–24, 30, 37). In this study, we found no effect of the early life nutritional regimes on pancreatic insulin content in 2.5-yr-old females. However, low body weight and thinness at birth in females were associated with a reduction in pancreatic insulin content. Given that body weight in females tracked with age from birth, it remains possible that the ability of the adult pancreas to secrete insulin may be influenced by early life growth trajectories and, in combination with altered insulin sensitivity, determine adult glucose tolerance. It is also possible that early life nutrient restriction provides a stressful stimulus that may influence later insulin sensitivity via changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (20).
In male sheep, glucose tolerance was unaffected by the imposed early life nutritional regimes despite changes in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion that were dependent on postnatal age, pre- or postnatal nutrition and single/twin birth. In rats, low-protein diets during postnatal life, for discrete (38) or sustained periods (16), persistently impair insulin secretion without reducing glucose tolerance, an effect exacerbated by subsequent high-fat feeding (16). An impaired pancreatic ability to respond to the nutrient environment may predispose to diabetes in later life (14, 38). In the present study, pancreatic insulin content in 2.5-yr-old males was negatively influenced by present adult body condition. An increase in adipose tissue may increase the demand on pancreatic β-cell function, and a critical weight/fatness threshold may exist over which glucose tolerance deteriorates. In addition, we found that accelerated growth patterns during suckling (first 12 wk) predicted poorer glucose tolerance in the adult male population, suggesting that, as in females, there are critical developmental periods in males when postnatal growth patterns can have long-lasting effects on later metabolic homeostasis. Although body weight is likely to be important for males competing for dominance, i.e., access to females, an improvement in glucose handling does not appear to be a strategy employed by males to regain body weight after a nutritional challenge, as it is in females.
We found no direct evidence in either male or female sheep for a role of the maternal nutritional environment in very early gestation, or any interaction between the early gestation and early postnatal environments, on offspring weight at mid-gestation (unpublished observations taken from an additional set of animals) or birth, or on the adult offspring's glucose handling. However, insulin resistance, in terms of an increased insulin response to GTT, was indicated in young, but not mature, male sheep that had experienced prenatal undernutrition. Poor nutrition in early gestation may have a greater impact on male fetuses, since there is evidence in humans that males grow more quickly than females at this time (25). However, the timing of a gestational insult is likely to be important, since, in human (exposure to the Dutch famine) and animal studies, glucose tolerance is most affected by undernutrition in mid- to late gestation (10, 31), whereas blood pressure is influenced by early gestation undernutrition (9, 34). In the present study, exposure to undernutrition in both early gestation and early postnatal life increased fat depth in young adult females in the absence of any changes in current body weight. Pre- or postnatal undernutrition alone had no such effect. This suggests that repeated nutrient challenges in early life may set in place mechanisms, such as altered regulation of appetite or activity levels, that predispose to increased fat stores during times of abundant nutrition. In the sheep, it appears that the period of developmental plasticity for such an effect extends until adolescence.
The sheep used in this study came from both singleton and twin pregnancies. In twin lambs with discordant birth weight, the lighter twins had enhanced glucose tolerance in early life, but this effect disappeared by 12 mo of age (5). Although twin lambs were lighter and smaller than singletons in the present study, the improved glucose tolerance observed in females following postnatal nutrient restriction was not affected by twin/singleton birth. However, there was evidence that twins were generally more insulin sensitive than singletons in adulthood. A poorer nutrient environment both in utero and during suckling, brought about by a more competitive early life environment for twin lambs relative to singletons, may have induced changes in the glucose homeostatic set point.
In conclusion, this study has found that glucose tolerance in adult life is improved by a discrete period of undernutrition in early postnatal life. This effect is accompanied by increased sensitivity to insulin and is long-lasting but is restricted to females, suggesting that females employ different life course strategies from males in metabolic responses to nutrient restriction. The long-term implications of this increased glucose tolerance and increased propensity to accumulate body fat remain to be determined but could result in a deterioration in glucose handling with advancing age and could be particularly detrimental in an abundant nutrient environment. These results have implications for food choices made by mothers of young infants and for populations in transition (e.g., economic or migrant) and may inform future strategies for optimizing growth trajectories in early life.
This work and M. A. Hanson were supported by the British Heart Foundation.
We are grateful to staff at the Biological Services Unit, Royal Veterinary College, and the Biological Research Facility, University of Southampton, for the care of all animals. We thank Paula Costello for performing the insulin assays.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
- Copyright © 2007 by American Physiological Society


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Centigon Solutions Inc. Releases GMaps Mobile V2.5
New version of mobile location analytics platform adds free connectivity to Google Docs.
Apr 08, 2013, 09:01 ET from Centigon Solutions Inc.
SAN DIEGO, April 8, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Centigon Solutions Inc., a leader in location Intelligence solutions for SAP BusinessObjects, released GMaps Mobile 2.5 for general availability.
With mobile analytics and location intelligence heating up in the enterprise, Centigon Solutions continues to push the boundaries of IT consumerization by combining Google Maps with on premise Business Intelligence. GMaps Mobile includes over 20 new features that make creating and consuming location analytics easier than ever on iPad.
"With tens of thousands of downloads in the first few months of release, the number one request is increasing productivity," said Evan Delodder, co-founder and CTO of Centigon Solutions. "GMaps Mobile V2.5 is an important step forward as we put our foot on the gas to lead the industry in providing a consumer friendly map experience for traditional location intelligence and soon indoor mapping."
GMaps Mobile V2.5 includes free connectivity to Google Spreadsheets so individual business users can instantly map their customers or assets from the comfort of their iPad. Also included in the enterprise version is connectivity to ESRI Shapefiles for custom region and territory heatmaps. GMaps Mobile is currently available for download in the Apple App store for iPad. A download link to the free GMaps Mobile App and information about GMaps Mobile Enterprise is available at http://gmapsmobile.com.
About Centigon Solutions
Centigon Solutions Inc. creates interactive data visualization technology solutions for business information consumers. As thought leaders in dashboard and Web 2.0 technologies for the enterprise, Centigon Solutions is strategically focused on delivering location intelligence software solutions for desktop and mobile business applications and serves a worldwide customer base ranging from mid-sized to Fortune 500 companies across most industries and lines of business. Centigon Solutions Inc. is a privately held corporation based in San Diego California, founded in 2007.
iPad, iPhone, App Store, and Apple are registered trademarks of Apple Inc.
Business Objects, BusinessObjects and the Business Objects logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Business Objects in the United States and/or other countries. Business Objects is an SAP company.
All other product and service names mentioned are the trademarks of their respective companies.
1 (800) 570-6806
SOURCE Centigon Solutions Inc.


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Testing for Common Values in Canadian Treasury Bill Auctions
We develop a test for common values in auctions in which some bidders possess information about rivals' bids. This information causes a bidder to bid differently when she has a private value than when her value depends on rivals' information. In a divisible good setting, such as treasury bill auctions, bidders with private values who obtain information about rivals' bids use this information only to update their prior about the distribution of residual supply. In the model with a common value component, they also update their prior about the value of the good being auctioned.We apply the data from the Canadian treasury bill market, where some bidders have to route their bids through dealers who also submit bids on their own. Furthermore, we use the structural model to estimate the value of customer order flow to a dealer. We find that the extra information contained in customers' bids leads on average to an increase in payoff equal to about 0.5 of a basis point, or 32% of the expected surplus of dealers from participating in these auctions.
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|Date of creation:
|Jul 2008
|Contact details of provider:
| Postal: 366 Galvez Street, Stanford, California 94305-6015
Phone: (650) 725-1874
Fax: (650) 723-8611
Web page: http://siepr.stanford.edu
More information through EDIRC
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Emmanuel Guerre & Isabelle Perrigne & Quang Vuong, 2000. "Optimal Nonparametric Estimation of First-Price Auctions," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 68(3), pages 525-574, May.
- Paarsch, Harry J., 1992. "Deciding between the common and private value paradigms in empirical models of auctions," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 51(1-2), pages 191-215.
- Athey, Susan & Haile, Philip A., 2007. "Nonparametric Approaches to Auctions," Handbook of Econometrics,in: J.J. Heckman & E.E. Leamer (ed.), Handbook of Econometrics, edition 1, volume 6, chapter 60 Elsevier.
- Joris Pinkse & Guofu Tan, 2005. "The Affiliation Effect in First-Price Auctions," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 73(1), pages 263-277, 01.
- Philip A. Haile & Han Hong & Matthew Shum, 2003.
"Nonparametric Tests for Common Values at First-Price Sealed-Bid Auctions,"
NBER Working Papers
10105, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Philip A. Haile & Han Hong & Matthew Shum, 2004. "Nonparametric Tests for Common Values in First-Price Sealed-Bid Auctions," Working Papers 2004.149, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.
- Philip A. Haile & Han Hong & Matthew Shum, 2003. "Nonparametric Tests for Common Values in First-Price Sealed-Bid Auctions," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 1445, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
- Ali Hortacsu & Samita Sareen, 2004. "Order Flow and the Formation of Dealer Bids in Treasury Auctions," 2004 Meeting Papers 50, Society for Economic Dynamics.
- Paarsch, H.J., 1992. "Empirical Models of Auctions and an Application to British Columbian Timber Sales," UWO Department of Economics Working Papers 9212, University of Western Ontario, Department of Economics.
- Sushil Bikhchandani & Chi-fu Huang, 1993. "The Economics of Treasury Securities Markets," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 7(3), pages 117-134, Summer.
- Philippe Février & Raphaële Preget & Michael Visser, 2002. "Econometrics of Share Auctions," Working Papers 2002-09, Centre de Recherche en Economie et Statistique.
- Hendricks, Kenneth & Porter, Robert H, 1988. "An Empirical Study of an Auction with Asymmetric Information," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 78(5), pages 865-883, December.
- Laffont, Jean-Jacques & Vuong, Quang, 1996. "Structural Analysis of Auction Data," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 86(2), pages 414-420, May.
- Albert S. Kyle, 1989. "Informed Speculation with Imperfect Competition," Review of Economic Studies, Oxford University Press, vol. 56(3), pages 317-355.
- Erwann SbaÏ & Olivier Armantier, 2006. "Estimation and comparison of treasury auction formats when bidders are asymmetric," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 21(6), pages 745-779.
- Olivier Armantier & Erwann Sbai, 2003. "Estimation and Comparison of Treasury Auction Formats when Bidders are Asymmetric," Department of Economics Working Papers 03-02, Stony Brook University, Department of Economics.
- Jakub Kastl, 2011. "Discrete Bids and Empirical Inference in Divisible Good Auctions," Review of Economic Studies, Oxford University Press, vol. 78(3), pages 974-1014.
- Romano, Joseph P. & Shaikh, Azeem M. & Wolf, Michael, 2008. "Formalized Data Snooping Based On Generalized Error Rates," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 24(02), pages 404-447, April.
- Joseph P & Romano & Azeem M. Shaikh & Michael Wolf, 2005. "Formalized Data Snooping Based on Generalized Error Rates," IEW - Working Papers 259, Institute for Empirical Research in Economics - University of Zurich.
- Robert Wilson, 1979. "Auctions of Shares," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 93(4), pages 675-689.
- Milgrom, Paul R & Weber, Robert J, 1982. "A Theory of Auctions and Competitive Bidding," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(5), pages 1089-1122, September.
- Paul Milgrom & Robert J. Weber, 1981. "A Theory of Auctions and Competitive Bidding," Discussion Papers 447R, Northwestern University, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science.
- Matt Shum & Phil Haile & Han Hong, 2003. "Nonparametric Tests for Common Values in First-Price Auctions," Economics Working Paper Archive 501, The Johns Hopkins University,Department of Economics.
- Kastl, Jakub, 2012. "On the properties of equilibria in private value divisible good auctions with constrained bidding," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(6), pages 339-352.
- Matthew Shum, 2000. "Nonparametric Tests for Common Values," Econometric Society World Congress 2000 Contributed Papers 1598, Econometric Society. Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)
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text:
Summaries of EU Legislation
Summaries of EU legislation: direct access to the main summaries page.
- Archived: true
Authorisation to fish in third-country waters
The European Union (EU) may enter into international agreements on fisheries with non-member countries which provide its vessels with access to fisheries resources outside the Community. To ensure effective and transparent management of Community fishing activities in third-country waters, the granting of fishing permits authorising these activities is coordinated by the European Commission. With this Regulation the Council has adopted general provisions governing the granting of fishing permits to Community vessels operating in third-country waters.
Council Regulation (EC) No 3317/94 of 22 December 1994 laying down general provisions concerning the authorisation of fishing in the waters of a third country under a fisheries agreement.
Under this Regulation, the Council lays down the procedures to be followed by the Commission and the flag Member State to manage the fishing activities of Community vessels in the waters of a non-member country. Where these fishing activities require a fishing licence * from a non-member country, only those Community fishing vessels which hold a current "fisheries-agreement fishing permit" * may fish in those waters.
Granting a fishing permit
The flag Member State grants and manages fishing permits for the vessels under its flag. To obtain a fishing permit, a vessel must first hold a fishing licence under Regulation (EC) No 1281/2005.
The procedure for granting authorisation to fish in the waters of a non-member country comprises several phases:
- transmission of the application to the Commission: the flag Member State sends the Commission the applications for licences to fish in the waters of the non-member country. The applications must comply with the arrangements in the fisheries agreement with the country in question and with Community rules;
- examination of applications: the Commission examines the applications from each country in the light of the fishing opportunities it has been granted under Community rules and any conditions in the fisheries agreement; if the application does not comply with these conditions, the Commission informs the Member State concerned that it cannot forward the application to the non-member country;
- transmission of the application to the non-member country concerned: if the application is eligible, the Commission sends it to the non-member country concerned;
- information to the applicant country: the Commission informs the flag Member State whether the non-member country has decided to grant the licence or not. In the latter case, the Commission makes the necessary checks in consultation with the flag Member State and the non-member country concerned;
- granting the fishing permit: the flag Member State grants the fisheries-agreement fishing permit when the vessel has obtained the fishing licence from the non-member country.
Suspension of the fishing licence
If the non-member country decides to suspend or withdraw a fishing licence issued to a vessel flying the flag of a Member State, the Commission immediately notifies that State. The suspension of a fishing licence entails the suspension of the fisheries-agreement fishing permit by the flag Member State for as long as the licence is suspended. If the non-member country definitively withdraws the fishing licence, the flag Member State withdraws the fisheries-agreement fishing permit from the vessel in question.
Competent authorities
The Member States designate the authorities competent to grant the fishing permits and notify the other Member States and the Commission of their name and address.
Key terms used in the act
- fishing licence: authorisation, under any form, delivered by the non-member country, to carry out fishing activities in its fisheries zone.
- fisheries-agreement fishing permit: authorisation, under any form, granted to a Community fishing vessel by the flag Member State under a fisheries agreement between the Community and a non-member country, supplementing the fishing licence, which allows that vessel to carry out fishing activities in the fisheries zone of the non-member country.
Entry into force
Deadline for transposition in the Member States
Official Journal
Council Regulation (EC) No 3317/94
OJ L 350 of 31.12.1994
Proposal of 18 June 2007 for a Council Regulation concerning authorisations for fishing activities of Community fishing vessels outside Community waters and the access of third country vessels to Community waters [COM(2007) 330 final – Not published in the Official Journal]. The proposal is intended to simplify and improve the procedures for managing fishing authorisations. It will help achieve the Common Fisheries Policy objectives of sustainable fisheries and control. Its implementation will reduce the administrative burden on the national administrations and the Commission by introducing clear rules and simple procedures for the management of fishing authorisations. The new proposal aims at better enforcement of the Common Fisheries Policy by introducing eligibility criteria, as well as sanctions for vessels involved in illegal unreported and unregulated fishing. Lastly, it improves the reporting of catches and fishing effort.
Consultation procedure (CNS/2007/0114).
Commission Regulation (EC) No 1281/2005 of 3 August 2005 on the management of fishing licences and the minimal information to be contained therein [Official Journal L 203 of 4.8.2005].
Communication from the Commission of 23 December 2002 on an integrated framework for fisheries partnership agreements with third countries [COM(2002) 637 final – Not published in the Official Journal]. In this communication, the Commission proposes that fisheries agreements with non-member countries should gradually take the form of partnership agreements in order to establish a sustainable fisheries policy.
Last updated: 29.05.2008


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The "Devil is in the Details." The "Stat Girls" for McDonald High School Keepo busy every Friday Night obaining vital statistics for Coach Dan Williams and his Blue Devils. Posing from left to right are seniors, Sophia Gault, Emily Dolsak, Sara Seivert, and Anna Gault.
Added: Mon, October 22, 2007
Fred Gault
Fitch Sophomore Cheerleaders.
Emily Kinnick and Maggie Calhoun
Jim Kinnick
this is picture of the south range raider mascot with Lynni Cramer on the left and Brittany Barron on the left
Brittany Barron
South Range students cheer the Raiders onto a victory over Columbiana.
Dawn Dickey
The South Range flagline shows off their school colors.
Check out those socks!! South Range Varsity Cheerleaders sit with
fans at halftime.
Friends helping friends...Stephen Cornich and Steve Shimer help out
injured friend Jared Razo.
Patrick McLaughlin shows his school spirit with a bold Burgundy and
Gold hat as he cheers with his friends Matt Venesky, Diana Rhodes, and
Devon Parks.
Annie DeChellis and Megan McCallister cheer on the mighty Raider defense.
South Range Cheerleaders are selling beads....LOTS of beads...to
raise money for breast cancer research. Their donation will be given
at the Pink Ribbon Classic at YSU on Oct. 28.
"Lakeview Head Coach Tom Pavlansky with three of his four children (Annie-8, Stephen-4 and Maggie-3) along with some of Lakeview High School's biggest "cheerleaders" after Friday night's hard fought game against Girard. Note the "pie in the face" worn by Coach Pavlansky courtesy of his son Stephen!
DSCI0787 - Cheerleading Captain Katie Olenick snaps a quick photo with fellow seniors Lydia Gonzalez and Wesely Washington.
Pictures 409, DSCI0801 - The Olenick Family is full of smiles as they walk their daughter, Cheerleading Captain Katie Olenick, down Stambaugh Field on Ursuline High School's Senior Night!
cutline -- Canfield Freshmen Football Cheerleaders pose under the watchful eye of their adviser Nancy Dove just before performing at Meet the Team activities. From left: Taylore Daff, Dana Duffett, Brooke Bidinotto, Alexis Kaleel, Marian Vross, Gia Velasquez, Adrianna Oddo and Marissa Carbon.
Pictures of your favorite cheerleading squad in town!
Congratulations go out to Mr. John Peplowski and his Ursuline High School Marching Band, who placed 1st in class B at the recent Crestwood Fall Classic. Best wishes also go to Mr. Vincent Lucente and his percussion unit, which placed 2nd, and to Miss Kathy Kopper, who's color guard and featured twirlers placed 3rd overall. Pictured here is Alexis Bucci, senior featured twirler at Ursuline High School.
Hubbard seniors continue tradition with final walk around Memorial
[no caption]
Charlie Weakley
Ursuline Cheerleaders are ready for the game to begin.
Jackson-Milton Sophomores in the homecoming parade on Oct 5th. Painting the town blue with pride!
Marty McKinney & Clayton Maskerenic showing their Blue Jay Spirit during the Jackson-Milton homecoming parade.
Ursuline students showing support and a little muscle @ Sadies
If you want to put this in the Blitz I think it would be cute
If you would like the names of the kids, I took the picture.E-mail me back
Thanks- Karen
These UHS Cheerleaders spell out I-R-I-S-H, Nina Ballone, Lauren Anderson, Ashley Williams (bottom), Allison Naples, Kayla Spear, Caitlyn Robertson, Diandra Lazor (bottom) and Cara Mia Gatti.
These senior band members were celebrating Senior Night Friday at Austitown Fitch
Bev O'Leary
The Austintown Fitch Color Guard Takes a Second to pose for a picture Right before the half-time show. The Color Guard presents the Colors of the United States at every Fitch Football game To the National March the Stars and Stripes Forever [From Left to Right] Alissa Breakion, [Austintown Flag] Alyssa Yacavone,[American Flag], Kaitlynn Bitzer [Captain], Amber Lesko,[Co-Captain] and Liana Defuria [Ohio Flag]
The Western Reserve cheerleaders, fans and Devo, the WR Mascot, cheered the WR Blue Devils to victory against Lowellville on Oct. 12.
(first row, from left) Cheerleaders: Caitlyn DeVellin, Taylor Young, Heather Kennehan, Lillie Drouhan, Hannah Zimmerman, and Savannah Ruby.
(second row, from left) Cheerleaders: Johanna Kuebler, Morgan Pallo, Katelyn Polchosky, Raquel Rushwin, April Pauken, Kimi Imburgia, Samantha Henry
(third row, from left) Fans: Brittany Boyer, Liz Srock, Julie Kocanyar, Ellie Sanders, Chelsea Korda, Angela Thomas and "Devo" (Bobby Breese)
Michele Ewing


text:
The Great Canadian Cheese Discovery, Featuring artisan cheeses of Québec will be held May 18 7pm at Thyme & Again Creative Catering in Ottawa, Ontario. Join Savvy Company's Cheese Sommelier Vanessa Simmons as she leads you through a delicious discovery artisan cheeses from Ontario. And Vanessa knows her cheese! She has trained with the Cheese Education Guild in Toronto – Canada's only comprehensive cheese appreciation program and spends countless hours with local cheesemongers and cheesemakers. Her passion for cheeses oozes while her knowledge will melt away all notions that Canada only makes cheddar. With Vanessa showing you the 'whey', she will introduce you to the fun-damentals of cheese appreciation including how cheese is made and what makes it artisanal, different categories of cheese, cheese-y lingo, buying cheese & caring for cheese. Being a Savvy Event, of course, Canadian wines will be tasted too! Admission is $55 per person when you register before May 1, 2011; Regular ticket: $60 per person . For information, call Debbie Trenholm at 613-SAVVYCO (728-8926), e-mail email@example.com or visit http://www.savvycompany.ca/events/.
Location: Thyme & Again Creative Catering
Start Date: May 18, 2011
Contact: Debbie Trenholm
Email address: firstname.lastname@example.com
Contact Phone Number: 613-SAVVYCO (728-8926)
Cost: $55 per person when you register before May 1, 2011; Regular ticket: $60 per person
Event Website: http://www.savvycompany.ca/events/


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Thank you to all that have taken the time to comment on my posts and lend an ear and give advice when needed.
Thank heavens for SI.
DS (6), DS (18 months)
Aug 30 2013 He gives me back his ring with an ultimatum: "Get over it or get out".
Status: Done like dinner
I think 10 people joined today alone
We have an average of 15-20 registrations a day...I'm always relieved to see that someone in need found support
My tolerance for stupid shit is getting less and less.


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The premise of "Only In America With Larry The Cable Guy" is similar to Mike Rowe's "Dirty Jobs,": Larry the Cable Guy goes beyond jobs and searches out unique and interesting history across the country. Each episode focuses on several different locations, and a variety of entertaining people who bring local/national history to life. Whether Larry's looking into making moonshine, while providing how it led to racing cars ("Larry Makes Moonshine") or visiting NASA, he always manages to turn out some interesting history found "Only in America."
While "Only In America" isn't History Channel's usual fare (after all, I remember growing up watching History Channel when the series were somewhat dry, though engaging and informative education pieces), it does a nice job of finding balance between history and entertainment the whole family can enjoy. It's a way of entertaining the kids, and yourself, while learning some new facts about jobs around the country. Though not as great as History Channel's other reality show, "Pawn Stars," there's a similar blend of history and fun (edutainment, or maybe "entercation?")
As for Larry the Cable Guy, I've never been a fan, but this series presents him in a different manner and it works reasonably well. He shows genuine interest in the people he's interviewing, as well as their hobby/trade. Additionally, like Rowe, he's not afraid to jump right in and be a part of the action. Still, Larry the Cable Guy isn't Mike Rowe, which works for him here. Where Rowe was often humorous, Larry the Cable Guy is pretty much always on. His persona is not left behind for the series, but with "Only In America," it becomes less in-your-face, "git-r-done", and more entertaining and involving due in part to his ability to interact with everyone he meets.
While not every segment is totally engrossing, each episode does manage to include some interesting facts and entertainment that help balance the series as a whole. Some standout episodes include the first episode, "Larry Makes Moonshine" where Larry is blindfolded and taken to the root of moonshine, talks about NASCAR's beginnings with Bill Elliot, gets Etiquette lessons from Emily Post's family, and frog jumps.
"Only In America With Larry The Cable Guy," was released on DVD as Volume One, which means there are only ten episodes and unfortunately there are no extra features. I wasn't a fan of Larry going in, but this series puts him to better use than a number of his prior projects (the series is certainly much easier to sit through than "Larry the Cable Guy: Health Inspector"), and I found some decent-to-good laughs scattered throughout the episodes.
This set offers the first 10 episodes of the series.
The DVD
VIDEO: The series is presented by Newvideo in 1.33:1 full-frame. Image quality is perfectly acceptable, with reasonable clarity and detail throughout the running time. Colors remained warm and clean, with no smearing or other faults. Overall, the presentation resembles broadcast quality.
SOUND: The show's 2.0 audio remained crisp and well-recorded. Some mild background ambience was clearly heard during the outdoor scenes.
EXTRAS: None.
Final Thoughts: While it's not great television, "Only in America" is better than expected, offering some enjoyable takes on history and culture in various US locations. Larry the Cable Guy is still Larry the Cable Guy, but in a manner that's a little less "Git-R-Done".


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Get DVD Talk Feeds
The Movie
I've seen two of Yahoo Serious' three films, which I think makes me eligible for dual citizenship in Australia. As a result, I have a great respect for his work, which I think is actually underrated. His Prince-like desire to control his creative endeavors means that only he and he alone can take the blame if his films don't work. Of course, ask most people, and after they ask "Who's Yahoo Serious?", they'll say all three of his films don't work. Now, I'm willing to admit that Ned Kelly is really only of interest to Aussies, and Mr. Accident is a bit too odd for it's own good, but Young Einstein is another story altogether.
Supposedly the story of Albert Einstein, the father of atomic energy and one of science history's most-recognized names, the film transplants the famous physicist from his native Germany to Australia, and replaces his scientific work with pioneering discoveries in the realms of beer bubbles and electric guitars. Though the story maintains his connection to the patent office, most everything else is fictionalized, including his electrified shock of red hair and the love story with Marie Curie.
Taking full advantage of the technique of montage, much of the film is built around sequences of music. I don't know if I've seen a non-musical with a higher montage-to-dialogue ratio. The ridiculously fun faux biography hangs on a skeleton of a plot involving a silent movie-worthy villain, Guglielmo Marconi, Charles Darwin and a beer bubble machine. Half the fun of the fun is picking out what's real scientific history and what's made up. One column will be quite loaded by the time you finish counting, but that's comedy.
The cast, mainly unknowns, does a good job with the goofy material, especially Serious, who is wholly likable as the star of the show, displaying the manchild characterization that Adam Sandler has perfected, only with some reins on. Odile Le Clezio, who brings a heavy French accent to the character of Marie Curie, has the same charm that Diane Franklin exhibited as a French foreign student in Better Off Dead. A love story was a risky bet in a film about a man full of child-like innocence. They can come across as too silly and tacked on, but here, it's given just enough focus to be recognized, but not overwhelming to the movie's silly nature.
The DVD
Warner Brothers has released Young Einstein on one DVD, packaged in your average, everyday keepcase, but without an insert. The disc has a static, anamorphic widescreen main menu, with music from the film. The main menu features options to play the film, select scenes, view the theatrical trailer and change languages. The scene selection menus include still previews and titles, while language options include English and French soundtracks and English, French and Spanish subtitles. Closed captioning is also available.
The Quality
Few people have ever seen Young Einstein in its original aspect ratio, since it's first theatrical release, which makes this anamorphic widescreen release truly welcome. Most of the movie looks very good, with vivid color, not much grain and a surprising level of detail. Unfortunately, dark scenes seem to be very soft, with a heavy increase in visible grain. They also seem to have more obvious dirt and scratches, though there are such troubles throughout the film. The scene where Einstein first sees his hotel room is almost VHS quality, but things clear up shortly.
The audio, presented in Dolby Surround Stereo, is excellent, with a good amount of separation between the dialogue and the music and ambient sound. The sound field is very deep for a stereo presentation, which seems to come from a better-than-average mix for a comedy. There's plenty of '80s-style rock, which all sounds great.
The Extras
The only extra included is the film's theatrical trailer, a ridiculous hard-sell of "Australia's colossal comedy hit!" Presented in anamorphic widescreen, the preview is a bit grainy, and marred with dirt. It's also a ridiculous example of how far the art of trailers has advanced since 1988.
The Bottom Line
This is a silly film. There's no getting past that. But as a guilty pleasure, you could make worse choices. Sure, Yahoo Serious is something of a pop-culture joke now, but he deserves proper credit for the singular vision he showed in writing, directing, producing, editing and starring in Young Einstein. An oddly adorable movie, it's best enjoyed as a quirky foreign import, instead of a straight-forward comedy. Or perhaps as a souvenir of a time when America seemed entranced by the world Down Under. But it definitely can be enjoyed. The DVD is light on content outside of the film itself, but the presentation is quite good. Check it out if you've never seen it. For fans, it's an easy pick-up, considering the low price.
*The Reviewer's Bias section is an attempt to help readers use the review to its best effect. By knowing where the reviewer's biases lie on the film's subject matter, one can read the review with the right mindset.


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Pecha Kucha # 9
PK # 9 is part of E.A.S.T. (East Austin Studio Tour)
We will start at 8:00 pm. 500 Chicon.
Doors Open at 7:30.
Michael Ray Charles, artist http://www.pbs.org/art21/artists/charles/
• Adam Dell, sharedearth.com
• Kevin Keim, Director, Charles Moore Foundation http://www.charlesmoore.org/
• Jon Kolko, Director of Austin Center for Design http://www.austincenterfordesign.com/index.php
• John Langmore, photographer http://www.johnlangmorephotos.com/
• Jason Roberts, citizen planner and activist/provocateur
• Jesse Sublett, author/musician; former leader of the Skunks, http://www.jessesublett.com/
• Trouble Puppet Theater Company (Connor Hopkins, Caroline Reck and Parker Dority) http://www.troublepuppet.com/Trouble_Puppet/Home.html
• Will van Overbeek, photographer http://www.willvano.com/


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Burooj Properties, the Real Estate Investment arm of Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank, has signed an agreement with Millenium & Copthorne Group, one of the leading international hotel operators, to manage the 164-room luxury "Burooj Suites" in Dubai.
The contract was signed at the Burooj Properties Head Office in Abu Dhabi by Mr. Adel Al Zarouni, Managing Director on behalf of Burooj and Mr. Ali Hamad Lakhraim Al Zaabi, President, Middle East & Africa on behalf of Millenium.
Mr. Al Zarouni said: "We are privileged to be associated with a renowned brand such as the Millenium & Copthorne Group. With their expertise and track record, we are sure the Group will offer guests at the Burooj Suites true value for money."
"The Burooj Suites, ideally located near Port Saeed, Dubai, close to the City Center and just a short drive from Dubai International Airport, is the first of several such Sharia'a Residential Hotels we are planning to launch during the year. The 'luxury furnished' suites will be offered on a 'timeshare' investment basis through our partners BAZ Real Estate Systems."
"With a magnificent view of the Creek and the landscaped park nearby, the "Burooj Suites" will open a new chapter in Dubai's hospitality offerings, Mr. Al Zarouni added.
Manfred P Simons, Millenium Group's Vice President, Middle East & Africa said: "For the Millenium & Copthorne Group, this is a great opportunity to participate in the success story of the UAE and the region. Our association with Burooj Properties will prove valuable to both the organizations. We are confident the niche offering this partnership brings to the market will immensely benefit the hospitality sector."
Mr. Al Zarouni added: "We see tremendous opportunities in this particular segment of the market. As a service provider, Burooj Suites offers unparalleled luxury amenities besides a restaurant, swimming pool, gym, 24-hour housekeeping and private parking. We are optimistic the property will add to the diverse range of the UAE's tourism industry."
Though in operation for just over a year, Burooj Properties has chalked out a clear-cut strategy to become a leading player in the UAE and GCC within the next few years. At present the company manages an extensive property portfolio and is engaged in both local and international project investments. More traditional services such as property management, valuations and Islamic property financing are also part of its offerings through the parent company.
The Millennium & Copthorne hotels with its regional office for the Middle East & North Africa in Abu Dhabi have already announced an expansion plan with a target of operating 40 hotels in the next four years. Millennium Hotels now manages five properties one each in Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Marsa Alam Egypt, and most recently in Doha since January 2007.
[1] http://www.albawaba.com


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TACOMA — A Tacoma man who killed and dismembered his friend has been sentenced to 17 years in prison.
The Tacoma News Tribune reported John Ben Jones Jr., 30, was sentenced on Friday following a conviction of second-degree murder for the March 2012 killing of 54-year-old Wayne Williams.
Prosecutors say the case began when Jones' mother noticed a foul smell coming from her sons' bedroom. The smell came from the decomposing and partially dismembered body of Williams, who had been strangled the night before.
Authorities said that initially Jones said he couldn't remember anything, but investigators found that he and Williams had been fighting for weeks.
During the subsequent trial, Jones shuttled back and forth to Western State Hospital for multiple psychological evaluations. Defense attorneys argued that Jones was mentally ill, but he was found competent.


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Very cool! This is a great game, and apparently he added a ton of stuff to The Director's Cut. For a long time he wasn't even sure if he would bring The Director's Cut changes to PC, since the DC was originally created for PS3/Vita. Happy to see this.
i have quietly been beavering away over the last few months to bring this enormous update back to the format it began life on. it was originally going to be a very slightly updated version of the original game, but turned into a ten-month odyssey. i was able to add all the little details which i wasn't able to squeeze in the first time round, so that i could bring my original vision to you with no compromises, and with them a whole load of new ideas that emerged as i worked on it.
almost without fail, business-minded friends and colleagues, as well as the players themselves, expected i would release the game as a brand new version, requiring the players of the original game to purchase it again, or at the very least to release the update as paid DLC. i gave it a huge amount of thought, and eventually i realised i would rather just give the update away for FREE to all 800,000+ customers, to say thank you for your support… and that's exactly what i'm going to do!
yep, you heard it right: Lone Survivor – The Director's Cut is going to be 100% FREE to anyone who has bought the game so far (even for $0.01 in the Humble Bundle!)
to offset some of the (quite large) costs of making it, i will be having a small price increase on release, although i'll be running a sale for the first couple of days so that it'll still be possible to purchase at the original price before the increase. exact pricing TBA on release day, as i am still talking to the various vendors. on the subject of which, i am very happy to announce that the game will also be coming to Good Old Games, a fantastic site doing great work to preserve the classics of yesteryear, as well as releasing the greatest of the latest.
what's really cool is that your saved game from the original version will still be compatible with The Director's Cut. in fact, it's even possible to start out in one version and switch to the other mid-game. so you may want to keep a copy of the original around, for posterity, and to compare the differences.
the response to the PlayStation versions has been wonderful, with the game earning not-too-shabby 84% on Metacritic. i am so happy to see a new generation of console players discover the game, which marks the end of a massively important chapter of my life. thanks so much to Curve studios for their fantastic ports, and especially to all the players who have supported the game.
i really hope all my PC and Mac owning brethren enjoy The Director's Cut,
love and peace to you all!
- jasper
If anybody is interested in the game, I highly recommend checking it out. It's a 2D horror game, very much in the vein of the old Silent Hill games. Most frightening 2D game I've ever played, at least -- in fact, I haven't finished it. Will plan on doing so once the Director's Cut is released.


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Deadly chemicals leaking from South Florida's sewage system have spawned mysterious, meat-eating "biological freaks" that have attacked visitors to the Everglades and wrought harrowing destruction on property and wildlife. But in an apparent attempt to avert widespread panic at the height of the tourist season, government and tourism officials are downplaying the incidents -- or denying them outright.
"To the best of my knowledge, we haven't received any reports of swamp monsters roaming around," says a spokeswoman for the Miami Convention & Visitors Bureau. "So we're pretty confident that there aren't any swamp monsters. I feel quite confident that there's no cause for alarm."
Accounts of the unidentified beasts were first published in the January 2 issue of the Sun, a highly respected, internationally distributed weekly based in Boca Raton. "Sightings of the mutants A some of which resemble creatures from comic books and Grade B movies -- have grown to alarming proportions in recent months," the newspaper reported under the headline "U.S. TOXIC WASTE TERROR: SWAMP MONSTERS ROAMING THE EVERGLADES."
Two unnamed tourists quoted in the article claimed that their van was attacked in late November by "two weirdos who looked like alligators with human heads and legs." The report also noted that unnamed "state wildlife rangers" reported finding "mangled, half-eaten carcasses of everything from crocodiles to Key deer." The bodies of two of the marauding ogres shot by "an Indian guide and a state game warden" were being examined at an undisclosed location by federal and University of Miami scientists, according to the article, penned by writer Mike Jones.
State and federal spokespersons claim to know nothing about the monsters, raising the specter of embarrassing ignorance -- or, more likely, a widespread conspiracy to suppress the truth.
"Nope, no monsters. Just a bunch of snowbirds," reports Mike Petty, manager of the Fakahatchee Strand State Preserve west of Big Cypress National Preserve on the Tamiami Trail. Petty denies the contention that state rangers discovered half-eaten carcasses scattered around the area.
A spokeswoman at Everglades National Park says her agency hasn't "seen or heard of any such beast" either. And a spokesman at the University of Miami also claimed not to know anything about the phenomena or the alleged involvement of UM scientists.
"I'm in touch with the biology department, and I'd assume I would hear about it," says Fariss Samarrai. "I remember the skunk ape years ago. It was a creature that lived in the Everglades, smelled real bad, and people would glimpse it every now and then. But this sounds different."
Scientists blame the mutations on Florida's deep-well injection system of sewage disposal, the Sun article reported. In this system, treated wastewater is disposed of by injecting it deep into the Earth's boulder zone, 3000 feet below ground. Layers of rock are supposed to prevent the upward migration of the liquid.
But according to a scientist contacted by the Sun, the storage system has been dangerously malfunctioning for years. "The water has been seeping in to poison the Everglades water and wildlife with some of the deadliest chemicals known to man, that are also capable of producing fierce mutations," said Wilson Garrett, a Washington, D.C.-based toxic waste expert quoted by the newspaper.
New Times was unable to locate Garrett for comment. But it has been publicly known for some time that the Metro-Dade Water and Sewer Department has had problems with its deep-well injection system at the South Dade Wastewater Treatment Plant, which now includes seventeen wells, thirteen of which are in use. In 1994 engineers discovered that wastewater deposited in the boulder zone was finding its way back up through a hole in the pipe of a nearby monitoring well and leaking into the Floridan Aquifer, a brackish groundwater source. (The aquifer, located about 1500 feet below sea level, is not a source of drinking water in Dade.) Later that year, federal officials accused the county of pumping into its wells insufficiently treated sewage, some of which was contaminating the Floridan Aquifer.
The faulty well has since been repaired, and Metro is finalizing an agreement with federal officials to conduct a hydrological study to determine whether there is additional fluid movement from the boulder zone. Even though regulators and utility experts are nowhere near knowing the full of extent of potential contamination, they insist that the deep-well-injected sewage -- treated or not -- has never contaminated Dade's drinking water source, the Biscayne Aquifer. Even if it had, they say, the effluent wouldn't have the chemical potential to produce beastly mutations of the sort described in the Sun article.
"Generally the types of impacts from sewage-type pollution are nutrient enrichment and algae blooms, that sort of thing," comments Susan Markley, the top biologist at Metro's Department of Environmental Resources Management (DERM). As for sewage-related mutations on the order of reptilian humans, Markley says, "I haven't heard of anything like that."
Anthony Clemente, director of the Water and Sewer Department, has gone on the defensive, seeking to steer scrutiny away from his agency. He alleges that the story of the swamp monsters was planted by the Environmental Protection Agency, an organization with whom he has been locked in legal battle for several years over Dade's decrepit sewage system. In a letter to the EPA's regional administrator John Hankinson, Clemente denied that his agency was responsible for causing the reported mutations. But what begins as a serious memo to a fellow regulator quickly turns to farce: "I am pleased to inform you that your press leak that resulted in the attached article has backfired!" Clemente wrote in the January 12 correspondence. "I have an affidavit that the 'Swamp Monster' is actually a former Water and Sewer director that became that way as the result of years of attempting to obtain permits and consent agreements from EPA. Happy New Year!"
Clemente is rankled by the suggestion that he is failing to treat a potential public emergency with an adequate sense of urgency. He is taking the report seriously, Clemente insists, though he declines to reveal the identity of the alleged former director or to make public the purported affidavit. "Attorney-client privilege," he snaps.
Other officials have resisted the glibness-as-damage-control strategy. Jim Karas, a government relations representative from the South Florida Water Management District, read the Sun report while on vacation in Phoenix and immediately dispatched a memorandum to his superiors in West Palm Beach. "I suggest we assemble a working staff committee ASAP to investigate this issue, as it has obvious, significant implications," wrote Karas in his hastily scrawled missive.
The top brass at the district is concerned about the discovery. On January 17, director Samuel Poole III wrote a letter to a high-ranking U.S. official, seeking federal involvement in the matter. "District maintenance workers have determined that a number of pumping stations throughout South Florida have been damaged by wildlife, and these employees suspect that the swamp monsters may be responsible," Poole wrote in his letter to Col. Terrence "Rock" Salt, executive director of the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Task Force. Poole requested that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Department of Justice "begin investigations of these creatures for potential criminal prosecutions."
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The director also offered an explanation for the mysterious attack on the two tourists in late November, one that raises more questions than it answers. The "weirdos," he wrote, were two district staff members dressed as the district's alligator mascot. "En route from a function in Naples to the South Florida Fair, their district vehicle broke down on I-75," Poole explained. "The two employees believed that their unique costumes might help them in their efforts to hitchhike a ride back to West Palm Beach."
The South Florida Fair, however, takes place in January, not November. Poole was unavailable to explain the glaring discrepancy. And despite the show of concern, a spokesman says the Water Management District has no plans to form a research committee to study the swamp monster issue. "We're more interested in water quality than creatures," explains John Neuharth.
Residents of the Everglades -- those citizens most directly threatened by the reported lusus naturae -- are apparently taking the threat seriously and are "arming themselves with high-powered automatic weapons," the Sun reported in its January 2 issue, which also included breaking stories about the discovery of Noah's Ark and about a geneticist's theory that dinosaurs became extinct because solar radiation made them homosexual.
But Joette Lorion, the usually voluble spokeswoman for the Miccosukee Indians, whose reservation is located in the Everglades, is mum on the subject. "We have no comment," she said nervously when contacted late this past week, then slammed down the phone, casting a heavier cloak of mystery over the crisis.


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Marcello de Cartier Bag
Ultra-glam French jeweler Cartier offers more than watches and gems. Its latest addition, the Marcello de Cartier bag ($12,200), combines luxe finishes with classic materials like crocodile. The sleek, structured frame is roomy enough to tote daily essentials without sacrificing style. Created by Marlin Yuson, formerly of Calvin Klein, Marcello is Cartier's first major bag launch in years.
Microwave Drawer
Unsightly appliances are a thing of the past, thanks to the current trend of hiding them in drawers. The new Sharp Insight Pro Microwave Drawer ($850) is ideal for kitchens with islands or tight spaces. The 24-in. (60 cm) drawer can be inserted into most existing cabinetry, and the easy-open switch automatically operates the door, keeping spills out of sight. With 11 cooking settings and a keep-warm feature, the oven can put dinner on the table in a flash.
Michael Bastian
After five years overseeing men's fashion at Bergdorf Goodman, Michael Bastian knows a thing or two about American sportswear. Form and fashion collide in the spring collection of his eponymous line, inspired by Hollywood legend Paul Newman, Police drummer Stewart Copeland and Bruce Weber's first shoot for GQ, in 1981. Beachwear gets a modern update, with the designer favoring sporty karate pants over sweats. Bastian expertly blends casual easekhaki-colored basics, sleek running shorts and easy anorakswith more sophisticated suits in hemp and herringbone. A Prince of Wales suit ($2,575) shows an eye for detail with a double-breasted blazer packed with pockets and a classic pair of pleated trousers. A pink gingham shirt offset by a navy ribbed knit tie adds modern and unexpected elements of texture.
Next N


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Woodturning in and around Peterborough.
Click through our pages to see what we do, and what we would encourage you to do. Be a part of our woodturning community and enjoy the benefits of membership.
Meetings are held at Unit 10, Railworld, Oundle Road, Peterborough, PE2 9NR.
Please park in the Railworld car park, which is free, and get directions to the Club at the gate.
We understand that some people have had problems trying to find us when they have been using a 'sat-nav'.
Many apologies to those people who would have liked to find us, only to be disappointed. We hope that this experience has not put you off coming to visit us. We certainly look forward to meeting you soon.
See Tudor Rose's short video of Daventry 2017.
Copyright © The Village Turners


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The Annaveille Fire Department responded to a small fire at the Best Western Hotel.
When crews pulled up to the scene at I-37 and Violet road, flames were coming from an AC unit outside one of the rooms.
Hotel employees already evacuated the area...fire crews were able to douse the blaze and put the flames out in a matter of minutes.


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Bachelor of Arts in Advertising-Public Relations
A major in advertising-public relations from the Nicholson School of Communication will teach you how to plan, create and execute effective advertising campaigns and public relations strategies. Our faculty are award-winning professionals and leaders in communication research who bring expertise on a wide range of communication topic areas ranging from social media to crisis communication and corporate social responsibility.
Minimum Admission Requirements
- 45 credit hours must be earned prior to applying.
- Grammar proficiency: Grammar proficiency can be met by earning a "B" or higher in both English Composition I and English Composition II, or by earning credit through AP, IB or CLEP, or by successfully passing the grammar proficiency exam through the UCF Testing Center.
- Prerequisites: Students must have completed or currently be enrolled in Public Relations (PUR 4000) and Principles of Advertising (ADV 3008) and earn a grade of "C" or better in both courses.
Application Deadlines
|Summer Term
|February 1
|Fall Term
|June 1
|Spring Term
|October 1
Ad Club
Ad Club is the UCF student chapter of the American Advertising Federation and works closely with the local AAF chapters, the Orlando Advertising Federation and Ad 2 Orlando. While activities are designed for Ad-PR and marketing students, all UCF students are welcome to join, regardless of their major. For more information, visit Ad Club UCF Facebook page or contact Joan McCain, Ad-PR area coordinator.
Quotes is the largest student chapter of the Florida Public Relations Association. Active for more than 25 years, Quotes is also the largest chapter of FPRA in the state. The chapter sponsors Intern Pursuit (at which intern employers and students meet in an informal setting) and connects UCF students with professional mentors in the community in both advertising and public relations. For more information, visit http://quotesucf.com/ or contact Joan McCain, Ad-PR area coordinator.
Nicholson Alumni Take Center Stage in Emmy Nominations
Ten Nicholson School of Communication alumni can now add "Emmy-nominated" to their résumés, as their work is being considered as among the best in the Suncoast region for 2017....
NSC Staff Recognized for UCF Service
NSC is proud that Debbie Doyle, Shameika Daye, Rebecca Morales and Kim Tuorto were celebrated at the 45th Annual Employee Awards Program. UCF Human Resources annually recognize the many...


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[MLS] A Joseph Ngwenya hat trick and a goal by U.S. forward Charlie Davies propelled D.C. United to a
5-1 win over the Canadian U-20 team Monday in the first preseason game for the MLS team.
Ngwenya scored a hat trick in the first 21 minutes and Davies, who had set up Ngwenya for a rebound goal with a powerful shot that was saved, netted United's fourth goal four minutes before halftime from an assist by playmaker Branko Boskovic. Andy Najar rounded out the scoring for United 10 minutes into the second half and Troy Pennycooke scored for the U-20s with 20 minutes remaining.
Head coach Ben Olsen started two entirely different lineups for the first and second halves except for goalkeeper Steve Cronin and Davies, who stayed on the field until Chris Pontius replaced him in the 74th minute. Boskovic earned his third assist of the game when he slipped a through pass that Davies controlled with his first touch and fired into the net.
"It felt great to have my first competitive game with the guys, I'm starting to feel more and more like myself," Davies told dcunited.com. He is on a week-long trial during which D.C. United will evaluate him for a possible year-long loan from French club Sochaux. "I feel like I am taking positive steps forward to get back into form, and today was a good result for the team."
Said Ngwenya, who was picked by D.C. United as the first selection in Stage 1 of the Re-Entry Draft Dec. 8, "It was good to get out there and play for 45 minutes, and scoring goals is always fun. The first was because of a good ball from Branko, and the second goal was great work from Charlie. I had good service all day."
Starting centerback Dejan Jakovic is with the Canadian national team, which plays a friendly against Greece Wednesday.
D.C. United lineups
First half: Cronin, Zayner, Brasesco, Kitchen, Woolard, Quaranta, Morsink, McCarty, Boskovic, Ngwenya, Davies.
Second half: Cronin, Korb, James, Shanosky, Burch, Najar, Simms, King, Barklage, Wolff, Davies (Pontius 74).
Goal or no goal, it's good to know CD was in for 74 minutes. Must be making decent progress - finally.


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Timely thoughts of Tidy Towns
Local Tidy Towns committee members have issued an appeal, or what they call 'a timely reminder' to all within their catchment area. The reminder is simply an appeal for the people of the area to take an extra look at their areas and see if they can bring about an improvement there.
Local Tidy Towns committee members have issued an appeal, or what they call 'a timely reminder' to all within their catchment area. The reminder is simply an appeal for the people of the area to take an extra look at their areas and see if they can bring about an improvement there.
"Judging is probably taking place at present as, going on other years, we are usually judged in June. While the town looks OK considering the weather - it's a bit rough around the edges. Painting might be difficult at present but a drop of water and a bit of elbow grease works wonders! We are asking residents and businesses to clean windows and maybe power-hose dusty and dirty walls," said committee spokesperson, Mary Walsh.
In her note here this week, Mary Walsh pointed out that many people from town and the surrounding areas are using public and indeed private litter bins to dispose of their household waste.
While there is a hint of civic mindedness about the act - compared with those who tip bags of rubbish on the sides of roads - there is the fact that the spiralling costs of waste collection is now beyond the scope of increasing numbers of the population throughout the country.
However, as one lady put it to me recently "a bit of civic responsibility is all that's needed."
The Minister Phil Hogan sponsored meadows of many colours are now replacing lawn type entrances to housing estates all over the country and people are teaming up and turning to their neighbours to find a solution.
Flowery and fragrant the meadows may be but today's children have no coping mechanisms for such abandoned growth on their doorsteps.
They could draw inspiration and discover a key to a wonderful world of imagination from even a few lines of Patrick Kavanagh's poem: The Rich Tramp. "I am Rich, Although I lie in the shady side of a summer ditch. I see the faery children pass by to the wedding feast of the King's son, In a ballroom under a big buck thistle."
"Housing estates, both public and private, need to take pride in their areas and come together to sort out problems," said Mrs. Walsh.
"Tidy Towns volunteers are trying to get around to these areas but we just don't have the man/woman power to do everything. It has taken us the best part of a month to plant up all the flower tubs on the streets.
These flowers need maintenance for the rest of the summer so we are not going to get around to all the areas that need attention. Great credit is due to the people in the areas who have organised themselves and we are very grateful to them for their hard work. We would also like to acknowledge the individuals who clean-up and sweep in their own quiet way throughout the town and beyond," said Mary.
"The litter problem in the town has improved and we are appealing to people, especially business people, to pay particular attention to this matter. Windy days are not good from a litter point of view and unfortunately there are plenty of those. People should also be aware the litter bins on the streets are not for dumping household rubbish."


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"In a world of pollution, profanity, adolescence, broccoli, zits, ozone depletion, racism, sexism, stupid guys and PMS, why the hell do people still tell me to have a nice day?" - Unknown
Spring 2016 FoRT Yearbook Title: "Most Likely to Make a Short Story Long, and a Long Story LONGER!"
Carrie's so pretty!
If they do an All-Stars season, I'm not sure I'll be watching that. Why would stars who didn't win want to go back on and compete against a bunch of champions? They'll obviously weed out those less talented and the same people will end up in the end, again. Why is that interesting? At least when Survivor does an All-Stars, there isn't a talent level of performance like there is on DWTS, and there are more variables to whether or not the Stars will last.
Does anyone perform on this show just for the heck of it without promoting something?
Here we go, finally.
Betting William is safe, Donald in jeopardy, but hopefully not going home.
We've lost Len. He used to take points off for the men taking their shirts off and "too much gyration".
LMAO! Brooke knows she asks lame questions.
And...I called it. William safe (snooze), Donald in jeopardy.


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