text:
Sony's curved sensors may allow for simpler lenses and better images
The sensors inside digital cameras are - generally - flat. But curved sensors promise greater sensitivity, better image quality, and provide scope for simpler lenses.
Speaking at the VLSI symposium in Hawaii, Sony device manager Kazuichiro Itonaga showed a curved full-frame sensor and a smaller, curved 11mm diagonal sensor (which would be classed as 2/3"-type). The former is suited well for a fixed-lens full-frame camera (such as the RX1), while the latter is sized similarly to sensors in enthusiast compacts as well as the Nokia Lumia 1020. He did not detail the process but it appears they are fabricated flat, bent into shape using a custom machine, and then backed with ceramic to maintain the bent shape permanently.
|First public image of Sony's curved CMOS image sensor. [Source: Image Sensors World]
But why a curved sensor? In a nutshell, a curved sensor is designed to combat the field curvature (also known as Petzval field curvature) associated with simple lenses imaging a flat plane on a flat imaging sensor. Field curvature results from the fact that the effective focal length light rays experience decreases the more off-axis light rays are from the lens' optical axis (the optical axis is defined by a line running from infinity through the center of the lens). In other words, the more off-axis a light ray is, the further in front of the focal plane (defined by focused on-axis rays) it falls. In fact, as you can see in the image below, a flat plane in the real world is imaged on a curved surface known as the 'Petzval surface', not a flat surface (labeled 'Theoretical image plane' below).
|Because of field curvature of simple lenses, a flat plane in the real world is imaged on a curved surface known as the 'Petzval surface'. Image sensors tend to be flat, therefore requiring corrections for this field curvature. [Source: astrosurf.com]
Lens manufacturers go to great lengths to combat field curvature by introducing field flattening elements - necessarily making lens designs quite complex. Furthermore, these elements often introduce other aberrations; for example, there's a well known tradeoff between astigmatism and field curvature.
What if we could work with the field curvature inherent in lenses, as opposed to against it? That's exactly where curved sensor technology can help. Curved sensors allow simpler lens design, since light rays entering the lens from oblique angles don't have to be corrected to project onto a flat surface. They also combat peripheral light fall-off by improving light collection at the edges of the sensor, since the light enters the photosites at a less oblique angle (back in the days of film, this sort of fall-off was somewhat mitigated due to the fact that film dyes were more accepting of oblique light rays than deep pixel wells are). In fact, a 2x increase in photon collection efficiency is reported for the periphery, with a 1.4x increase in sensitivity in the center of the sensor as well. The latter may be due to a better ability to collect oblique light rays entering the peripheries of the lens. All of this means that there's a potential for the use of faster, brighter, simpler lenses without the significant peripheral sharpness and light fall-off we've become accustomed to.
Sony also found that the bending process improves the sensor's fundamental performance. The strain introduced into the sensor upon bending widened the energy band gap and decreased dark current (residual electronic signal present in the absence of any external light). Both of these achievements should contribute to increased image quality.
|A curved sensor mimics the retina of a human eye, which effectively allows for simpler lens design. It also realizes significant image benefits by avoiding traditional problems encountered when attempting to record oblique light rays using pixel wells of finite depth on flat sensors. From Sony's recent paper "A Novel Curved CMOS Image Sensor Integrated with Imaging System". [Source: IEEE Spectrum]
You may have noticed that the bottom panel in the figure above resembles a human eye. Indeed, a curved sensor can also be thought of as a form of biomimicry. Itonaga himself stated that the level of curvature achieved in Sony's new sensor is similar to that found in the human eye. The human eye has a relatively simple lens and a curved photosensitive surface known as the retina (the analog of a camera sensor). This allows our eyes to image flat planes in the real world with higher acuity than if our retinas had been flat, by - to a degree - avoiding the field curvature explained above.
While the team from Sony showed off images from the curved sensors integrated with lenses, it did not provide comparisons with equivalent systems employing traditional, flat image sensors. One caveat we feel compelled to point out is that an image sensor with a given amount of curvature must be matched to a particular lens such that the curvature matches the inherent field curvature of that lens (which changes with focal length, aperture, etc.). This means that such curved sensors will probably only find their ways into fixed-lens cameras in the near future. That is, until a point in time when the curvature of the sensors can be adjusted on the fly (if ever).
That said, the potential for simpler lenses in such fixed-lens cameras is quite compelling. It's interesting to note that last year Sony was awarded a patent for a number of lens designs, including a rather simple 35mm f/1.8 lens with 4 elements in 3 groups, shown below.
|In 2013, Sony was awarded a patent for a number of lens designs, including the rather simple 35mm f/1.8 lens paired with a curved image sensor shown above. [Source: Egami]
We note that while the idea of the curved sensor itself isn't new - the image sensor array at the Kepler space observatory is curved to match the field curvature of the telescope, and John A Roger's group at the University of Illinois showed a prototype hemispherical electronic eye camera back in 2008 - Sony is the first to show working curved image sensors of these sizes integrated in an imaging system. More importantly, it seems that the technology from Sony is not just technology in development, but in fact appears to be almost ready for production. According to Image Sensors World, Itonaga has stated: "The team has made somewhere in the vicinity of 100 full-size sensors with their bending machine. We are ready."
Jun 14, 2017
Jun 13, 2017
Jun 15, 2017
Jun 15, 2017
the curvature of these new sensors must be such that its radius should have the vertex exactly on the "nodal point".
In such a way that each pixel is equidistant from the nodal point. In this way the focus works much like human eye and all the physical problems (aberration, vignetting, focus at the edges) arising from the progressive increased distance of the pixels of the sensor flat (as like the points of the film) moving from the center toward the edges, are eliminated in one fell swoop!
But there is a problem:the nodal point is not a fixed point. It moves by changing the focal length of the lens. So I wonder, what consequences it will result.
Either manufacturers build the perfect camera lens with "fixed focal length", or they invent variable curvature sensors? I really do not know
This will bring some significant movement into more than one segment:
- thinner & lighter cameras to ultra thin mobile devices at usual sensor sise
- bigger sensors to camera units of common mobile devices
- slimmer bodies of enthusiast cameras with fixed non-zoom lenses
Sony is the biggest player in conventional design sensors. It seems to be a good idea to secure the domination by exploring technologies that provide benefits in thinner desings. The marketting battle of mobile devices loves to claim a device as thinnest alongside with best photo quality - the camera units have to become thinner. And we are making huge steps towards wearables...
This will provide for better sharpness and contrast in the corners, closer to what you are getting in the center of the image.
It will, however, require an entirely new line of lenses. Use lenses with elements designed to correct for the flat surface on the other side, where distance varies instead of being constant, and you would have the inverse problem.
So do not expect a new line of cameras to be made to be backwards compatible with any lenses out there. But that's OK. There are people changing systems all the time, especially in this day and age.
Just had a thought: To read a curved focal surface with a flat sensor...
If the image was "scanned" by the sensor-read process in a circular fashion as the sensor moved towards the lens during the shot.... This would be easy with a liquid-crystal shutter near the focal "plane"
The process starting at the centre as a circle and then becoming an anulus as it radiated to the corners, we should have compensated for our curved field.
The camera could be equipped with the curve parameters of any lens. The sensor moving by piezo or moving-coil actuation may be a limit to higher shutter speeds.
Is this an equally silly idea or the germ of a better one
Sure. But just where does one purchase those "liquid crystal shutters"?
AFAIK they are not an off-the shelf item.
Also, there is the problem of moving the mass of the sensor during 1/8000sec. exposure. Not much mass, to be sure, and not much movement, but not much time to do it in.
Was it 4:20 in your time zone when you came up with this?
Simpler - curved focal-surface - lenses enabled by curve on the sensor? Cheaper lenses for novelty-fun photos maybe. However with the advent of in-camera processing able to compensate for barrel, pincushion and chromatic aberation, AND the ability to make non-spherical lenses, this seems a bad move. Swallowing a spider to catch a fly. Sure our eyes are spherical but the brain enables us to see the side of a house as a rectangle. The curved sensor, only appropriate for a given lens, limits interchangeability. It looks like a strategy for cheapness. A rush to the bottom. Pezval's lens was fast but unsharp and passed into history - so should this
I'm always impressed with the number of negative comments when any Sony new tech is presented. I believe if it were Nikon or Canon those same "experts" would praise the idea!
IMHO it's time for people to start accepting the fact that Sony is here to stay, already having over 50% of the entire imaging sensor market and growing. Sony cameras are becoming the top in advanced technology and performance, being them fixed lens or system ( interchangeable lens ), mirrorless or not. I understand the system cameras users who, over the years, have spent a ton of money in their Canons/Nikons/... bodies, lenses, accessories, etc, having a hard time in even thinking of changing.
Nevertheless, technology keeps relentless and inexorably advancing and Sony seems to be now really running that show and the one to be looked at, either to partner ( as in the image sensors case ) or to fight...!
As interesting as this sounds (especially to those of the recent digital age, and some Sony engineers apparently) this is just OLD technology/concept revisited...
We tried this back in the film days (in concept) for the very same reasons - smaller/simpler/cheaper lenses with better performance across the image frame, etc..
What was determined back then (as is being 'discovered' today) is the very limited beneficial uses provided. Wide angle lenses, due the intrinsic field curvature of the elements used in their design, are almost the only area of benefit. Just about anything longer than ~50mm would itself have to be -redesigned- in order to project effectively, which would of course exponentially consume any cost savings of simpler/cheaper wide angle lenses.
Sony has provided theoretical information to suggest greater sensor performance, noting signal noise reduction etc, but nothing that could not be accomplished by putting R&D towards 'fewer' 'larger' and 'better' photosites..
You can trace the idea of airplane way back to Greek Mythology, that's doesn't mean Wright Bro or modern jet flights are just OLD concept revisited.
Some innovation are easily to formulate from mind, but it is very hard to turn it to reality given technology limits.
Unlike film, solid cmos/ccd sensors are very hard to bend, so it takes great courage and money to invest that direction.
Right on the money. I'd add that it made more sense 100 years ago then it does today. Bending film is easy. Bending silicon is not.
@Cheng - You may have misinterpreted 'in concept'.
This has already been done by many people, and its failing was not due to technical limitations. It was that no tangible benefits were provided at an industry level due to the limitations of application = the diversity of existing equipment.
It was rapidly discovered that the curvature beneficial for any particular lens was 'lens specific' so the modifications made only benefited the lens used at the time - change lenses and you had to modify again.
The situation is even worse today as the industry would need the likes of Canon, Nikon, Leica, Zeiss, Sigma etc to redesign their entire range of lenses to meet a standardized field curvature just to use a Sony sensor..? Not going to happen.
For companies like Sony (who barely make lenses) there may be a market for fixed focal length pocket cameras, but in those types of cameras the lens can be designed to work with existing sensors much cheaper than redesigning a sensor and lens together.
Yes, the olden days are important, but optical design technology has come a long way since then. No one has to spend weeks drawing ray tracings so perhaps engineers will be able to overcome the limitations that torpedoed this idea the first time around. I would pay a lot to be able to switch from 3 lb, 15-element lenses to something much lighter and simpler.
@Reality Check: there is an increasingly market for large sensor, small compact photographic devices. You know, the ones you really take to the streets everyday. Sony doesn't need companies to design lenses, they already know where the money is at. If they have sold many RX1 and RX100, they know there is a market for such cameras.
And if we take this to mobiles...Iphones are using Sony sensors for a while, and if they are selling millions of those devices, imagine many large sensor fast lenses designs without proturding cases.
Now, your main concern is interchangeables devices. Well, as you said, the market isn't going to change the current standard (flat sensors) for this tech. But remember, the current market is shrinking.
Good lenses are expensive and we own multiple lenses. So maybe overall it would be cheaper to have two (selectable) sensors in the camera, each having different curvature. More realistic - have one sensor in the camera, and put a sensor in the lenses which are at the extremes (either long or short lenses - I'm not sure which would make the most sense).
About as useful sounding as the ridiculous commercials that try to convince us that curved TVs "surround" the viewer ...
You'd have to be sitting about 6" from the set to feel surrounded.
Just examples of solutions looking for problems ...
I agree on TVs. My dad worked on early rear projection TV's for Sylvania (we had a large one at home way back in 1980!). When they left town, he brought home a competitor's (I think Panasonic) curved screen (front projected, like an outdoor movie). It was not good off-center - of course! But cameras ARE "in center" - the imager is the "audience". I really don't see how they get around the fact that different lenses would require different curvature. Maybe a curved sensor lessens the complexity of lenses, but it does not get rid of the issue of the lens and sensor curvature differing.
looks like a lomography :)
By mistake they used an old lens designed for flat sensors :)
Funny how their sample image's corners are completely blurred.
If you're showing off a great new feature, wouldn't it be nice to, you know, actually show it off?
On a more serious note - why add a whole new stage in sensor manufacturing (read: very expensive), just to make the corners slightly sharper? *And*, like the article mentions, to produce sensors unsuitable for zooms and for interchangeable lens cameras?
Makes no sense to me.
Unless, like others mentioned earlier (http://www.dpreview.com/articles/2279255612/sony-s-curved-sensors-may-allow-for-simpler-lenses-and-better-images?comment=0577067993), there's a disconnect between marketing and engineering, and the real benefits have nothing to do with the curvature of the focal plane and everything to do with mechanically stressing the silicone (which enhances the sensor's performance - meaning you get less noise and more DR).
Likely, in final production the sensors won't actually be curved, just stressed.
It's not just for sharper corners. It's to maintain corner sharpness - or make them sharper - while decreasing the complexity & size of lenses. And seeing as how Sony appears to be obsessed with maximizing sensor size to overall size/weight ratio...
For example, imagine a RX1(R) with an even more pocketable - yet still just as bright, or brighter - lens.
Sorry, this still doesn't sound convincing. Improved corner sharpness (at some apertures, at some distance settings) just does not sound important enough to warrant a separate *type* of sensor, only suitable for fixed-focal-distance, non-interchangeable lenses.
The benefits are not that huge - a slightly simpler and smaller lens (it would still need to correct for things like coma, astigmatism, geometric distortions, etc.)
The drawbacks are enormous - no zoom, no interchangeable lenses. A sensor that only works for a single type of camera. This means low sales volume, coupled with a separate manufacturing process. This, in turn, increases the cost significantly.
While RX1(R) are very nice, they are already quite expensive. An RX1 with a bent sensor would easily cost twice as much, probably more.
How many people buy a slightly smaller RX1 for $5,000 - $10,000?
Well, only time will tell just how much benefit there might be.
But since you brought it up, it's worth mentioning that getting rid of the need to correct field curvature can simplify astigmatism correction. Because right now there's a delicate balance between astigmatism and field curvature - often the correction of field curvature makes it difficult to completely correct for astigmatism.
Put another way, without the requirement to flatten the Petzval surface, it's easier to simply get the Sagittal and Tangential planes to coincide on the Petzval surface than to flatten both S & T planes. See figures 2 and 3 here.
"get the Sagittal and Tangential planes to coincide on the Petzval surface" - if I understand this correctly, a comparatively simple symmetrical lens system can correct for astigmatism, while still having a curved image plane (see p.42 here):
Still, that's a highly specialized solution. Aside from ruling out zooms and interchangeable lenses, I suspect ultrawide and macro lenses would be tough, too. And probably not pancakes either (at least not ones that, like RX100(3), rely on exotic aspherical elements).
So we come back to marketing - such cameras would have a limited market, would require a separate stage in manufacturing process, and be very, very expensive.
On the other hand, what if mechanically stressing a sensor gives as much benefit as, say, Sony's own BSI? *That* would be headline news.
"get the Sagittal and Tangential planes to coincide on the Petzval surface" - if I understand this correctly, a comparatively simple symmetrical lens system can correct for astigmatism, while still having a curved image plane
Yes, exactly.
And, yes, sensitivity benefits are icing on the cake. Or maybe correction of field curvature is icing on the cake. All a matter of perspective & what you care about :)
Aside from what I care about (which very definitely isn't a $10,000+ camera with a fixed-everything normal lens), there's a matter of feasibility.
Commercially, a specialized sensor that could only work in cameras with non-interchangeable/non-zooming/non-WA/non-macro lenses, just wouldn't sell.
Now that I think about it, $10,000 estimate is probably on the low end. The lens-type limitation would reduce the number of sales, which would makes it even *more* expensive, which would reduce the number of sales even further, and so on.
On the other hand, a new sensor technology that would deliver an extra stop of light sensitivity to *all* cameras, would fly off the shelves. Just like BSI does.
I see people making reference to the sensor mimicking the human eyeball. However, the sensor, as shown, is concave. Wouldn't it have to be convex to mimic an eyeball? Maybe we need a convex sensor and a fresnel lens? But then there'd likely be a decrease in image quality...
On another tangent, why would the lens need to be round? Can you make, say, a 3x2 rectangular flat lens to convey maximum light to a 3:2 sensor? Seems you could significantly reduce overall camera (lens) size by doing so...
Um ... the sensor would be mimicking the retina, not the lens :-) Thus, concave is correct ...
As for making lenses round versus rectangular ... it seems to me that the interaction of the curves at corners would create spectacular opportunities for weird distortions ...
The sensor in eyeballs is inside it. So yes concave is correct.
So then we should have convex lenses to match up with the concave sensors. Maybe this would be a way of getting a large sensor in a compact camera that is still pocketable?
Sony should slow down and finish what they start. A strong array of lenses for existing product lines would be good. How about value-for-money lenses for the a6000?
What's next is sensors that flex with the changing focal-length of the lens. Perhaps the sensors will be built right into the structure and mechanism of the lens, for maximum compatibility at all focal-lengths. This could lead to the capability for a photographer to change sensors in a camera, along with the lenses.
How about dual sensors ... one stacked in front of the other. As the focal length cross thresholds, the sensors swap positions by shuffling ... marketing could make real hay with something that inherently ridiculous :-)
IMHO it will work well only when the sensor is created curved. Here they are making them and then bending them. Just hope they bother to do it properly!!
Then we can look forward to the kind of modular machine others like Ricoh have already sold us with the lens and sensor as a single sealed unit. What a money spinner!!!
With the hiked prices Sony are already charging for their not so very good E mount primes (already double the cost of a canon or nikon APS-C prime) doubling again in cost with an attached sensor to slot into a redesigned body- sold at a premium price because you wont need to change it, will we buy them? Yes, of course, we really are that stupid!!
Lenses have always been the area of the camera market where consumers have a wide choice to chose from , especially when you consider the second hand market. People could quite easily buy a new body and use their existing collection of lenses.
This is a fantastic way for manufacturers to make the entire second hand lens market obsolete. If this makes it to production in the future we will all need to buy lenses to match our curvy sensor bodies. They may be touting it a an advance in technology, but it screams of a new way to make people buy more kit.
I don't think the market [paying customers] will allow for generations of camera bodies and lenses to become obsolete over night, let alone over an extended period of time. Who is going to toss out their entire inventory of equipment and jump to this 'system'. This 'system' may have some promise for a future niche market to evolve. . .
It may be Bernd M has a good incite where this may lead. . .
Good point and fair comment, I could definitely see this creeping into the fixed lens compact market, where lens and camera are always sold together. If it really is an advancement in technology and improves image quality, these these niche markets (as you say) would be a good testing ground.
i think sony should focus more on how to get 4k on there cameras like panisonic can....oh and 5 axis like olympus....
I'm surprised to see they made curved big sensors. I'd think that especially cellphone cameras would benefit from simpler lens design and higher sensitbility. And cellphones use fixed lens-sensor units anyway. For me it would be the logical way to beginn small to use the experiences you make in the next step, which would be bigger sensores. Sony is doing the second step first, from my point of view.
This is just a technological demonstration and technology testing. Once they can do large sensors, they are capable of making small ones. Plus maybe they just don't want to reveal their smartphone cam strategy...
Next iteration will be dynamic curved sensor ("DCS"), a sensor that can control its curviness in real time. And then aspherical DCS. Aspherical DCS + liquid lens.. wow, geeky photographer's wet dream. What a wonderful future. Assuming that the machines don't take over the world and kill us all.
Wait for the manual option - you curve your sensor with your fingers. Imagine the creative possibilities!
I don't see the benefit if the sensor is only curved in 1 axis. Wouldn't that necessitate lenses that are corrected differently for horizontal and vertical?
Right. It is a flat sensor, bent after being manufactured. You cannot bend it to a spherical surface without stretching/compressing it.
Yes this is an interesting point. OTOH, for a 3:2 sensor, the horizontal axis has further off-axis pixels than the vertical one. So correcting for it is arguably more important than correcting for the vertical one.
Smaller cameras use the 4:3 ratio. Also, the lens has to be be "spherical" in one axis only.
Even at the "EGA" resolution provided, the image looks awfully blurry. Not sure I'd call it "historic". Maybe a better word would be "retro". Like a photo from a 10 year old cell phone.
But the whole point of using a curved senor is to achieve high image quality with a simpler lens design. That's not been demonstrated in this picture.
Has it really escaped everyone's attention that there's hardly an object in focus in the sample image? What on earth is that image supposed to prove?
Proves the technology doesn't work. At least they're being honest.
I thought they were trying to demonstrate the razor-thin DOF attributes. :)
It works just like a human eye. Not very good for photography. Even this quote "A curved sensor mimics the retina of a human eye" is incorrect. The human eye, only has sharp focus at the center of the retina.
Perhaps a way around the problem of desiging specific lenses for specific curvetures would be to place the sensor on a platform that can move precisely back and forth within the camera based on information sent to the firmware by the Sony lens that has been mounted. Would beat designing a lens/sensor combo for every focal length I'm thinking.
I know the secret.
SONY got access to ultimate bending machine (Heil Futurama!).
Their engineers begun with a sensor. But tomorrow SONY can bend anything with NEW ULTIMATE BENDING MACHINE. Curved cars, curved planes, curved pets an finally a curved human. The curved future is coming. Be curved or die.
Eventually, there could be a dynamic sensor that will bend to correct for lens distortion. Algorithms will be lens specific. A long, long ways to go, but this technology may evolve in this direction.
Kind of ironic that they chose an image with almost nothing in focus.
What I think is even funnier is that they chose a scene with a curved train track... which is just begging for someone to ask: "Er, do you have to un-curve the image off the sensor?"
I did wonder whether the fence/train-track was curved :-)
We had a slight hiccup with the commenting that prevented you all from commenting on this story. It's fixed now. Feel free to share how you really feel about curved sensors. :)
It has been known for years that a simple lens images in a plane which is hemispherical. The optical trick in lens design has been to correct for this so-called distortion so that the image looks natural on a planar surface.
Some film cameras tried to overcome this problem with curved film gates, the bakelite Kodak Brownie 127 at the cheap end of the market and the Minox sub-miniatures at the other, being two examples that I know of.
So there is nothing magical in the effect Sony is describing, but its implementation will be. And if it does free lens designers to come up with superior imaging optics, then Sony should be applauded, not attacked.
I think he meant the lens projects a curved image; but the surface on to which it is projeted is (usually) a plane.
(I hope he meant that!)
Whilst I accept that in pure geometry, a plane is flat, and thus my comment may at first seem to be a non-sequitur, I was using it in the world of imaging and where there is often reference to a "flexible and curved focal plane".
Also I couldn't bring to mind a single word to describe what I wished to portray as a projection drawn on the inside of a section of a hemisphere, and which is, of course, more than a simple curve in one axis only.
@ BadScience.
Yes, you did read my mind as to what I wished to portray, and which I've expanded upon in my reply to JackM above.
Here's another way to solve the distortion problems. Use a flat lens. http://www.wired.com/2012/08/new-flat-lens-could-revolutionize-cameras-as-we-know-them/
Vertical and horizontal curvature?
I've been wondering for years why they don't have curved sensors!
The shape of wafers after etching is defined by the direction of the crystal structure - the Miller index.
It is fiendishly difficult to etch surfaces against this natural grain and produce smooth curves at the nano and micro scale.
Instead Sony have mechanically stretched the sensor which introduces tensile stress (at the back) and compressive stress (at the front).
This changes the material property of the sensor, reducing its effectiveness as a semi-conductor by introducing strain in the deposited layers.
What Sony has done is a remarkable acheivement.
Thats a problem of sony. The good idea is not enough... the whole system counts. They build the best sensors but f.e. have a lousy system around their A7-bodies with 4 different lenses.
A camera is not the body, only. You need optics, flashes, software or accessoires. This is fine for a fixed lense full frame cam... yepp.But I hope the curved sensor is not to expensive to build. At least not more that the 2 or 3 Glasses you get rid off in the optics...
Well, it took me some time, but my memory finally tied together various strings and I figured out why the bending stress is reported to reduce noise: When a chip is bent, the electrons in the molecules which are in the area of stress are literally moved out of thier electron hole (this is scientifically accepted), leaving that place available to resist "dark current."
That's my best guess.
While curved sensor will definitely help to get well performing optical designs that are simpler and therefore cheaper, there will be a problem left - all lenses that will be designed for such a camera will have to have the image plane curved in the same way. AND gone is using older or 3rd party lens on such a camera if the camera has curved sensor, but the XY lens.
Still this may be very interesting for fixed lens camera (again - the image curvature will need to stay constant over the zoom range)
What if they also release an adapter that can be placed between camera and lens that is "negative" in effect so that old lenses could be used?
Unsure how that would work because it sounds like it should add up to the length between lens and sensor (additional adapter between)?!
Here's a thought... maybe one day sensors can be built using 3D printing technology bringing down the cost so that you get a perfectly matched curved sensor built into a prime lens. Dust proof and weather resistant. Three lenses and a body and you are good to go. Never say never.
So far the discussion has been purely qualitative. We know only that
the field curvature will depend on the lens design, FL and aperture. So, is it possible to create a not-too-expensive family of lenses (including zooms) with roughly constant FC? If that is not feasible and the FC in the family would range, say, from 1 to 9 arbitrary units, how much improvement we would see with the optimized (5 units) sensor compared to the flat one?
Kodak brought out a set of curved field lenses for their slide projectors back in the 1970's when their testing revealed that cardboard mounted Kodachromes all bowed identically in their card board mounts. Up till then you had to remove the cardboard mounts and remount the positive in thin glass plates if you wanted a sharply projected image.
Yes, as mentioned, having a curved sensor will simplify lens design in general. Lenses can be designed for a specific curve and still have a lot of imaging advantages even if the ideal solution would be a different curve for each lens. (I guess someday a curved sensor could be built into each lens on an interchangeable camera as Ricoh did.)
Btw my guess is these are concave sensors not a curve in one direction on an otherwise flat sensor. But I'm not sure.
newer (still advancing) non-rigid (plastic) organic (polymer-hybrid) light sensitive sensors would be a big advantage over rigid inorganic silicon based sensors
with optimally curved sensors:
each pixel could point more directly towards the lens opening straight on, rather than point just 'straight forward' slightly away from lens openings
maybe vari-curve sensors could be created to adjust to variable lens apertures
or even vari-distance sensors from lens openings (sensors that can move closer or further from lens openings)
do I have to patent this (or variations thereof) to be credited with "inventing" it?
copyleft! forever!
meanwhile, all I want is availabilty of Canon AF (dual-pixel) across entire sensor along with EOS EF-TSE Lens!!! not just MF in current TSE designs.
The reflector of the Hubble space telescope uses electronic means to change the curve of the mirror for various wavelengths, etc.
Your patent will probably be either 1- denied, or 2- appropriated by the US gov for "defense."
This is Sony, I seriously doubt that they will dedicate this new design to just fixed-lens point and shoots only. Think about the benefits to having a curved censor on a video camera, this is where the new design will truly shine.
I have to say all kudos to Sony here, but I have a feeling the initial offerings will be a compromise. Imagine a fixed lens camera/camcorder, with its 20x zoom, the required curvature on the sensor would surely be different at different focal lengths? So Sony will make the sensor curved at some optimum? I imagine that will still simplify the lens construction.
You can be certain Sony is right now developing a sensor with variable curvature. You really have to hand it to the Japanese for their technology.
It is truly innovation that Sony have achieved, however, there are still a lot of obstacles in front of it. Lens/sensor matching(different curvatures of sensors will have different matching types of lenses) with AF, IQ, EV, etc. This will be a great potential new technology in photography.
Although the design simplified the lens construction, still need to know the performance of the lens/curved sensor and the target price that it first hits into the market. Lets cross our fingers, wait and see.
|_MG_5100 by tim and jan
from Welcome to the Saloon!
|The Grimm 11 year old by Ryan Gardner
from Trick or Treat
|Heron with fish by APenza
from A Big Year - birds
See some of the most iconic black-and-white photographs throughout history brought to life by a community of colorization enthusiasts and professional retouchers in the new book Retrographic.
Shopping for a photographer? Whether you are one yourself or not, chances are you could use some ideas. From stocking stuffers on up, we've got some photography gift suggestions for every budget.
We're counting down our top 10 most popular sample galleries of 2017. Drum roll please... the #6 spot belongs to none other than the Sigma 85mm F1.4 DH HSM Art.
Read the story behind this gorgeous wedding photo captured at Trolltunga in Norway by husband and wife duo Priscila Valentina Photography. The 14 hour hike in the rain that preceded this shot was TOTALLY worth it.
Go behind the scenes with filmmaker Nick Arcivos, who recently created a beautiful cinematic short film in Paris using only the iPhone X, a couple of gimbals, and a few lights. The results are very impressive.
A Bay Area startup offering a pay-by-the-photo camera service cleverly addresses the pain points photographers experience when they pick up their first DSLR. But can it survive the smartphone?
It's been a big year for software innovations, dual cameras and huge displays. Take a look at our picks for the top smartphone cameras and why we think they stand out.
We're counting down our top 10 most popular sample galleries of 2017. At the #7 spot is the ready-for-any-weather Olympus Tough TG-5.
By combining his skills as a time-lapse filmmaker and an engineer, Julian Tryba created this out-of-this-world creative 'layer-lapse' of New York City that alternates between night and day in time with the music.
Canon Japan's new lineup of novelty camera-themed gifts was just revealed online, including a lens mug and lens thermos, two retro camera-themed USB drives, and a picnic mat.
The Profoto A1 most certainly isn't for everyone [...] But for those who are used to using the Profoto systems, and want something that pairs seamlessly with the strobes you already have, there is no better companion.
Fujifilm has asked a US district court to clear it of any wrongdoing, after allegedly being threatened with trademark litigation by Polaroid.
While a couple of our reviewers are out testing the Sony a7R III in Arizona, back in Seattle we slapped the camera in front of our studio scene to get a close look at its image quality. See how it stacks up against the competition.
We're counting down our top 10 most popular sample galleries of 2017, and the #8 ranking belongs to the Nikon D7500.
B+W has announced a new aluminum filter holder that offers three slots so users can use multiple filters at the same time. The holder goes with the 2mm thick 100mm square filters it launched earlier this year.
8K video is coming a lot faster than you think, and Blackmagic is ready for it. Meet the DeckLink 8K Pro, a new high performance PCI-E capture and playback card built to handle 'real time high resolution 8K workflows.'
"Glass is everywhere in photography. From Eugène Atget's reflective vitrines to Lee Friedlander's sly self-portraiture, photographers have long been in thrall to the visual complications glass can inject into a composition."
Former Apple Aperture lead developer Nik Bhatt has designed an iOS app called RAW Power that lets you edit raw photos from your professional camera using your phone and tablet.... color us intrigued.
Advertising photographer Blair Bunting got his hands on the new Microsoft Surface Book 2, and it blew him away. Bye bye MacBook Pro...
The OnePlus 5T retains many of the 5's features and specs, but comes with an edge-to-edge display and a dual-camera that is optimized for low light.
Sony's recently announced IMX461 backside illuminated medium format sensor will bring 100MP resolution and almost 2x the speed to the next-gen Fuji GFX and Hasselblad X1D.
With the 'Rent a Hasselblad' camera equipment renting program, the camera makers is aiming to give enthusiast and professional photographers easier access to its medium-format photography products.
They say seeing is believing, and that's exactly what happened when one DPR staffer took the Google Pixel 2 out for an afternoon shooting under challenging conditions.
We're counting down our top 10 most popular sample galleries of 2017. At the #9 spot we have the Fujifilm GFX 50S, a medium-format camera that took CP+ 2017 by storm.
Instagram is testing a new feature that lets you follow hashtags in addition to people, making it possible to keep track of your favorite #landscapes or #portraits without leaving your home feed.
Despite the gigantic volume of second hand film bodies in existence, it seems there is still a demand for new 35mm SLRs with a retro feel. The latest is a remake of the Ihagee Elbaflex from the 1960s, but with a Nikon F mount.
The Polaroid Insta-Share Moto Mod straps an instant printer directly to your Moto Z smartphone, so you can print your photos as soon as you've captured them.
The Mitakon Speedmaster 135mm F1.4 lens is being relaunched in 7 different mounts, including: Sony A, Sony E, Canon EF, Nikon F, Fujifilm G, Pentax K, and Leica L. Got an extra three grand lying around?
In January, Kodak announced it would bring back the beloved slide film Ektachrome. The timeline has been pushed back a bit, but Kodak says you can expect to purchase Ektachrome again in 2018.
Instagram popularity is threatening some of the most beautiful landscapes in the US, as hordes of 'nature lovers' trample over the same spots over and over again in search of the same exact shot.


text:
This test fails sometimes locally as well as on jenkins.
Expected 2 of 3 replicas to be active but only found 1.... at org.junit.Assert.fail(Assert.java:93) at org.junit.Assert.assertTrue(Assert.java:43) at org.apache.solr.cloud.HttpPartitionTest.testRf3WithLeaderFailover(HttpPartitionTest.java:367) at org.apache.solr.cloud.HttpPartitionTest.doTest(HttpPartitionTest.java:148) at org.apache.solr.BaseDistributedSearchTestCase.testDistribSearch(BaseDistributedSearchTestCase.java:863)
- All
- Comments
- Work Log
- History
- Activity
- Transitions
I have looked at this test and the failure is because it sleeps for 10s to make sure that a recovery completes and sometimes it doesn't. We should try harder.
Okay, this has started failing more frequently. Looks like there might be a genuine problem here.
Commit 1610364 from email@example.com in branch 'dev/trunk'
[ https://svn.apache.org/r1610364 ]
SOLR-6241: Harden the HttpPartitionTest
Commit 1610365 from email@example.com in branch 'dev/branches/branch_4x'
[ https://svn.apache.org/r1610365 ]
SOLR-6241: Harden the HttpPartitionTest
There wasn't a bug in the test. Some of the recent failures were due to
SOLR-6235 which is fixed. I committed further changes to the test to increase the timeout values for recovery. That should take care of the spurious failures.
I still see some exceptions such as:
No registered leader was found after waiting for 60000ms , collection: c8n_1x3_lf slice: shard1 Stacktrace org.apache.solr.common.SolrException: No registered leader was found after waiting for 60000ms , collection: c8n_1x3_lf slice: shard1 at __randomizedtesting.SeedInfo.seed([CBCC4F6420498B0C:4A2AC17C5716EB30]:0) at org.apache.solr.common.cloud.ZkStateReader.getLeaderRetry(ZkStateReader.java:567) at org.apache.solr.cloud.HttpPartitionTest.testRf3WithLeaderFailover(HttpPartitionTest.java:370) at org.apache.solr.cloud.HttpPartitionTest.doTest(HttpPartitionTest.java:150) at org.apache.solr.BaseDistributedSearchTestCase.testDistribSearch(BaseDistributedSearchTestCase.java:863)
I went ahead and disabled this test on trunk & branch_4x using the AwaitsFix annotation. I'm digging into the failure as well Shalin, thanks for the help!
I'm doing some refactoring as part of
SOLR-6511 and looks to have fixed this issue.
Recent refactorings for
SOLR-6511 have resolved the test fails; several days without a fail on Jenkins

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Forgot your password? Enter the email address you signed up with and we will send you a link to create a new password.
Your password reset has been submitted to the address provided.
Standard character mark
Bibles, booklets, brochures, study guides, newsletters, informational flyers, and printed educational materials, all in the fields of the Bible, Christianity, religion, theology, spirituality, ethics, values, and application of the Bible to individual lives, the marketplace, and the broader culture; stickers, posters
Business in New York, NY


text:
BYU vs. Utah Odds
SALT LAKE CITY, UT (The Spread) – Former conference rivals meet up in a non-conference game on Saturday as Utah hosts No. 25 BYU at 10PM ET on ESPN2.
View Current College Football Odds
BYU comes into this game at 2-0 while Utah is 1-1 overall. The Utes are 1-0 at home and 0-2 against the spread while the Cougars are playing in their first road game and 1-1 against the point spread. The home team has won four of the last five in this series.
Trends show that the underdog has covered the spread in 12 of the last 15 games in this series. BYU is just 2-6 ATS in their last 8 against Utah and the two teams have combined to hit the over in 5 of the last 7 games played in Utah.
Oddsmakers see BYU as the favorite in this game, as the Cougars are getting point spread odds of -4 at Utah. The over/under total has been set at 46 points. (View Matchup) The opening odds actually had Utah as a 1-point favorite at home, but the spread has changed drastically since. BYU peaked as a 5-point favorite during the week before settling in at -4.
BYU has opened the season with a 30-6 win over Washington State and a 45-13 win over Weber State. The Cougars are posting impressive offensive numbers, averaging 479 total yards per game. Quarterback Riley Nelson is leading the team with 529 passing yards and 3TDs. Defensively, the Cougars are holding opponents to just 239 total yards and 55 rushing yards per contest.
Utah opened the year with a 41-0 win over Northern Colorado and then lost, 27-20 to Utah State on the road. The Utes have went through some change early, as quarterback Jordan Wynn injured his shoulder and then decided to retire from football. Running back John White has been leading the team with 215 rushing yards and a TD. The offense has been lacking, as the Utes are averaging just 396.5 yards per game. Utah has been strong on defense, as it is holding opponents to just 247 total yards and 99.5 rushing yards per game.
In terms of Injuries, BYU kicker Justin Sorensen is questionable with a back injury while linebacker Zac Stout is doubtful with an Achilles injury. Utah tight end Westlee Tonga is doubtful for this game with a concussion.
The Public Bets for this game are backing BYU on the road. The Cougars are getting 78% of the wagers with odds of -4 points against Utah on Saturday.
Want More From TheSpread.com? Follow us on Twitter and Facebook or Subscribe to Our News Feeds!


text:
Search Jobs
We have 26 active jobs today
Latest jobs
- Trainee Asbestsos Surveyor | South West
- Trainee Asbestos Analyst | Leeds
- Trainee Asbestos Analyst | South West
- Technical Auditor - Sothern Region - ASKAMS | London
- Health and Safety Asbestos Site Auditor, European Asbestos Services | Sunbury on Thames base + travel
- Contracts Manager, Sure Environmental (UK wide) | UK wide
- Geo-Environmental Consultant, Roberts Environmental Ltd, Newcastle | Newcastle
- Asbestos Surveyor - European Asbestos Services | South East + travel
- Asbestos Technician, Oxford City Council (Full time or Part time Maternity Cover) | Oxford
- Technical & Quality Manager, European Asbestos Services | Middlesex
Welcome to AsbestosJobs.com
AsbestosJobs.com was the first job board to specialise in providing a service to the asbestos industry. We are an online recruitment portal where employers can advertise their asbestos vacancies and attract experienced asbestos professionals at low cost.
"Lucion have used AsbestosJobs.com for over four years now and have found the team to be extremely helpful. We are always looking for new people to join our teams around the country and find Asbestos-Jobs.com the best forum for receiving impressive candidate applications. We will continue to use Asbestos-Jobs.com for our future recruitment needs and would highly recommend them." Lucy Armstrong, Bid Manager, Lucion Environmental
"I have been impressed with AsbestosJobs.com. We had 3 good responses to our advert within one week and have hired an excellent candidate. Asbestos-Jobs.com is the way forward for recruiting in the asbestos market. Low cost, effective and good service" - Gary McKendrick, Technical Director, Omega Asbestos Consulting Ltd
"We have advertised with AsbestosJobs.com for the last 8 months and recruited an experienced surveyor for our team during this period. The site provides excellent value for money and we see the job board as an integral part of our recruitment strategy" - Bill Rider, Managing Director, Ayerst Environmental
"We've used the AsbestosJobs.com website to advertise for WYG and things have worked out well for us " - Stephen Robinson, Associate Director, WYG Group
Featured jobs
- Trainee Asbestsos Surveyor
- Trainee Asbestos Analyst
- Technical Auditor - Sothern Region - ASKAMS
- Trainee Asbestos Analyst
- Health and Safety Asbestos Site Auditor, European Asbestos Services
"We were recommended AsbestosJobs.com as somewhere to place our job advert due to the high number of applicants visiting the site. Within two weeks we had a number of applicants. Subsequently we hired someone as a direct result of the advert posted. Throughout the process we were struck by the professional nature of the team and would gladly recommend them to fellow companies looking to recruit. We most certainly will be using them in the future."
Jeff Roberts, Managing Director, Roberts Environmental Ltd
We have used Asbestos-Jobs since its launch and are delighted with the service provided. The founders have a deep understanding of the asbestos industry and this is reflected in the presentation and content of the job board. We will continue to post all our asbestos vacancies on the site and have cut back our advertising on generic job boards and in health & safety journals. It is great to have a specialist website focused purely on our business needs. Well done guys !" -
Phil Franks, Director, Franks Portlock Consulting Ltd


text:
GO Transit, named for its owner, the Government of Ontario, moved 57 million passengers last year, up from 36 million in 1998. Now in its 44th year, GO is Canada's busiest railway, far outstripping VIA Rail in ridership. This is the last of a four-part series about the GO Train way of life.
Gary McNeil, president of GO Transit, is a slight and soft-spoken gentleman, more technocrat than railroader. On most mornings Mr. McNeil, 61, parks his car at the Aurora GO station and catches the 6:22, arriving at Union Station at 7:18 a.m. He walks under the Gardiner Expressway to his office at 20 Bay Street. His first job, in 1972, was at Ontario's Department of Highways in traffic operations. He joined GO as director of rail services in 1999. Three years ago, he went to a Town of Markham meeting and spoke against a proposal to plunk car-dependent big box retail near the Mount Joy GO station. The town ignored him, so Mr. McNeil and his wife moved from Markham to Aurora. On his office wall hangs a photo collage depicting a GO train pulling out of a fictional station, a gift from his wife on their 25th wedding anniversary. The station's clock reads 5:17, the train his wife wishes he would catch home. But half the time he catches the 6 p.m. instead, the last train. Mr. McNeil spoke to Peter Kuitenbrouwer Monday in his office.
Q: Toronto is living a passenger rail renaissance. Why?
McNeil:A resurgence has happened as a result of necessity. Most of our customers, if the roads were free and open, would probably still want to drive their cars, because of the luxury of the automobile and the freedom that it gives you, but that's not the reality of the world that we live in. GO has so many advantages. My trip takes 55 minutes. I use that to catch up on my BlackBerry messages, I read various articles that I might have brought with me in my briefcase. A 15-minute cat nap before you get home refreshes you quite a bit. There's a bridge that crosses Yonge Street just south of Aurora. My ear picks that up. So that 15 minutes refreshes me when I get home.
Q: In 2008-2009, GO recovered 85% of operating costs from the fare box. In 2009-2010, you recovered just 78.5%. In January 2009, 83% of trains arrived on time. In January 2010, 93% arrived on time. So punctuality costs more money?
McNeil:Yeah, it does. In order to provide that on-time performance you have to maintain your equipment to a much higher level. We also now have a lot of hot air blowers that are actually blowing the snow away from the switches, and melting the snow. You are using electricity and natural gas. Plus at the same time we inherited for better or less the overhead burden of the Metrolinx part of the organization. So Metrolinx, which is a policy and planning group, when it merged with GO, affected our overall recovery ratio and pushed it down. That makes a big difference right there as well.
Q: What are the challenges of future GO train growth?
McNeil:In order to run more trains we need more tracks to operate them on, because our service is also used by VIA and freight trains. We've got to provide more tracks to run more trains, and that infrastructure costs a lot of money. That's our biggest issue. Our only issue.
Q: What is your growth projection?
McNeil:By 2020 we hope to almost double the number of passengers, from 57 million in 2010. We've increased our trains from 10-car to 12-car. About 50% of our trains right now are 12-car. We are spending close to $1-billion of infrastructure to add service on the Georgetown line. We are adding tracks, building grade separations, all the things necessary to run more frequency of trains. The air-rail link will operate on the same track that we are building for GO trains.
Q: GO Trains are mighty crowded. Are you a victim of your own success?
McNeil:This region grows at 100 to 150,000 people every year. You've got to deal with that growth. A lot of that growth is outside the downtown core. We intercept as many trips as we can into downtown core, which then frees up capacity on the road, for trips which can't use transit. Right now 75% of all Oakville-Burlington residents take GO transit to work downtown. We want to get to those levels in all those regions.
National Post


text:
Sold for:
Start Free Trial
or Sign In to see what it's worth.
- Sold Date:
- Source: eBay
BACHMANN / PLASTICVILLE SIGNAL BRIDGE #2620 SEALED HONO BOX!!!!! New & unused. Sealed. Buyer pays $4.50 shipping which includes delivery confirmation. PLEASE READ BEFORE BIDDING : If you cannot abide by these rules, please do not bid. In order for you to receive discounted, combined shipping you must wait for a combined invoice ( & let us know ) in other words - You must make only 1 payment to receive shipping discount - no exceptions!!!! ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INTERNATIONAL BIDDERS: Because of recent PayPal decisions w e no longer ship outside of the U.S. PLEASE USE EBAY'S CHECKOUT!!!!!!!!!
We will combine shipping for multiple items. We will leave feedback after it is left for us. If you do not agree with this, please do not bid. We leave feedback only once per week, usually Sunday mornings! We ship Monday, Wednesday & Friday. We have no control over shipping time of the post office. The shipping times in this listing are provided by eBay. They are an estimate & not a guarantee. We will e-mail you, usually on the morning after that your item has shipped.
Return policy: If you are unhappy with your purchase, please return for a refund within 7 days of date... read more


text: Once the optimal chemical and dosage has been determined for a dewatering project, it is now time to set up the polymer feed system. (Note: If you have not completed Steps 1-3, please click here.) TenCate recommends that you consult with a professional polymer supplier to conduct the bench tests to determine the optimum products and dosages. Likewise, if you are not familiar with setting up the polymer mixing and injection system, consult with your polymer supplier for assistance. Click here to see a flow diagram of a simple polymer make down system used to mix chemicals into a dewatering project. Step 4: Calculate the size of polymer feed pump. The selection of your feed pump is a very important step in setting up a successful, efficient system. There are two options for calculating the size of polymer feed pump needed for your sludge dewatering project. These are: Option 1: Polymer is made down into solution in an aging tank and injected into sludge line. [Note: This is a batch process and will require polymer solution holding tanks on site.] Option 2: Polymer will be made down into solution in line and injected into the sludge feed line. Step 5: Start up Step 6: Calibration of the pump


text:
No matter how much of a stud you think you are, you've probably got nothing on Julian St Jox (AKA Juliann, Julien St. Fox, Paul Julian, Julion St. Jox, Jullian St. Coux, St. Julian, Julian St. Croix, Steven St. Jaques, Christophe, J. Paul, Paul McCoy, Julian St. Jacques, Julian St. John, Julian Paul, Julien St. Jox). The Black porno legend started fucking on camera in 1990, and would star in nearly 1,400 movies before retiring around 2013. His first picture was the amateur film Open Window Amateur Video 13, but he was a professional in no time at all.
Julian is all about sharing the fun with his friends, and to that end, he starred in a ton of gang-bang scenes. He was one of five dudes to give it to Jackie Moore in 5 On 1 1. You can tell from this scene that Julian loves ass-fucking, but if you want to see how far he'll take it, check out Al Terego's Double Anal Alternatives. In this one, he and another stud bang a girl in the ass at the very same time!
His work with Porsche Lynn in Arabian Nights earned them the 2013 XRCO Award for Best Anal Sex Scene, and the movie is listed as one of AVN's 500 Greatest Adult Films. Julian St Jox has made some incredible contributions to the dirty film genre, and he'll go down in history as a true legend.


text:
Recent Additions To The Surplus Locker Library
One of the most enjoyable sidelines to collecting and shooting milsurps is delving into the rich literature on their development, deployment and performance. The quality of the scholarship, data, photographs and increasing access to heretofore classified information have proved remarkable in terms of the final printed product. The only downside to this out flowing of new arms literature has occasionally been the cost of the book. Unfortunately, our local libraries don't seem to stock them. Here's my pick of some of the best to hit the bookshelves in the last few years.
The Gun by C.J. Chivers
Chivers, a former Marine Captain and Pulitzer Prize winning senior writer and past Moscow bureau chief for the New York Times, has written an incredibly riveting story about the Kalashnikov assault rifle and its role in modern foreign policy and warfare. The central theme of the book is the geo-political role the Kalashnikov has played in post-war Soviet foreign policy and how the establishment of Kalashnikov manufacturing facilities throughout the Soviet's sphere of influence tied that sphere to Moscow. The result was not only the division of the world into two competing power blocs, but the uncontrolled, overproduction of millions-and-millions of AK/AKMs which, in the author's view, have destabilized the world.
>> Click Here << To Read More June 2011 Surplus Locker
Order Your Copy Of The June 2011 Issue Today!
Get More Surplus Locker


text:
Patient approach paying off for surging Davis
Patient approach paying off for surging Davis
PHOENIX -- Thirty-four times in August, Ike Davis has stepped to the plate. Twenty-four times in August, he has wound up on the bases.
It has been an almost surreal regression to the mean for Davis, who slumped so poorly in the first half that his on-base percentage sat at .242 on June 9 -- the day the Mets demoted him to the Minors.
Since his return, Davis has posted a .482 on-base percentage in 30 games, and a .538 mark since the All-Star break. Though he has only one home run over that span, Davis has upped his season average to .205 and his on-base percentage to .325.
"I'm just trying to see the ball as long as I can," Davis said, referencing his three walks Sunday in a 9-5 win over the D-backs. "If it's not in the zone, I'm just taking it."
Manager Terry Collins admitted after the game that a few weeks ago, Davis might not have batted against a left-handed reliever in the seventh inning. On Sunday, Davis did, drawing the last of his three free passes.
"He's much improved," Collins said. "Early in the year, he was swinging at everything, and now he's waiting to get something he can handle. He's drawing the bases on balls. He's taking them. And I'll tell you what, that's how you bring your average up. You keep getting on and make the pitcher work ... and you look up at the end of the year and you've put together some decent numbers."
Anthony DiComo is a reporter for MLB.com. Follow him on Twitter @AnthonyDicomo This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


text:
Luxury Cuba Holidays
Luxury beaches, cocktails and more!
Visiting Cuba is a sensuous experience. It evokes images of deserted beaches, enticing cocktails, puttering old American cars, semi-clad cabaret dancers, clusters of sorbet-coloured buildings, the fringed leaves of coconut palms, sun-baked Spanish colonial palaces, and weathered old men strumming strings on a street corner.
For a slice of luxury Cuba chic, take to the road in a classic convertible Cadillac with a private guide and driver to introduce you to the eclectic culture and idiosyncrasies of Cuba. Pull up on the cobblestoned streets of the preserved colonial town of Trinidad. Stay in a private home bedecked with elegant Spanish colonial furniture and recline in a bed decorated in mother of pearl. Meet a local personality who will introduce you to the hidden corners of this enchanting town. Your classic American wheels can motor west to the Viñales Valley for a private tobacco tour, or north to the private villa of a luxury hotel on Cayo Santa María.
With more time, savour the east and discover private beach coves around Guardalavaca during your luxury Cuba holiday. Back in Old Havana, tour the prized colonial core in a horse and 19th-century carriage before taking a private cigar tour at the Partagás factory by one of the country's top cigar sommeliers.
Visit Cuba's avant-garde contemporary artists and photographers in a bespoke art tour tailored to your interests and talk rum and revolution with the capital's inventive mixologists at a Hemingway haunt to sample the writer's favourite cocktails. Later, dine with the owner of Havana's most famous paladar, immortalised in iconic Cuban movie, Fresa y Chocolate, before a night out to suit your musical tastes – a smoky subterranean experience of jazz, the erotic feather-and-jewel spectacle of the Tropicana cabaret, gyrating hot and sweaty salsa at the latest en vogue venue, or absorbing the rich, dulcet tones of a Buena Vista star taking the stage of an art deco music hall.
If you are looking to explore instead of relax, take a look at our horse riding holidays. You will get a chance to get off the tourist trail and visit the rural areas of Cuba.


text:
Optimal Speed Training Guidelines
For repeats performed at 3,000m to 5,000m race pace, most runners can handle 3 miles or 5,000 meters of total work. If we think in terms of minutes of training — around 12 to 15 minutes of total work at that intensity is best. An example would be 6 x 800m or 12 x 400m or 3 x 5 minutes. At this intensity and for this volume, most competitive runners are optimally stimulated. Could you do more? Of course, but that's the point. We want to optimally stimulate that energy system, not overwhelm it. Could you run them faster? Of course, but the goal is to prepare for racing, not race our workouts.
For even faster repeats (repeats performed at mile to 3,000m race pace), experts suggest that you limit your volume to a mile or at most a mile and a half of volume (or around 3 to 7 minutes of total work). An example would be 5 x 300m or 6 x 200m. Again, you could do more but why? If our experience shows that these volumes work for even the best runners, then why trash yourself in training? The risk of injury or overtraining far outweighs any potential advantage you believe may come from doing more repeats.
What about 6 x 1 mile or 20 x 400m, you ask? Great question. For these higher volume workouts (often used to prepare for 10K or longer races), the pace is usually slower than 5K race pace and if you run slower, then you obviously can handle more volume before that system is overwhelmed (usually 4 to 6 miles). Can athletes run these longer workouts at 5K pace or faster? Maybe so, but again, it begs the question why? Mottram shows that racing your workouts is not the idea. I have seen far too many "workout kings" in my coaching career. We train to race, not train to train, so let's focus on proper execution of workouts instead of trying to compete against them.
Really Fit? Beware Beware
There is no more important time to focus on optimal training than when you are very fit and your goal race is near. During this time, you can really drive yourself into the ground. We see it all the time: Runners have the greatest workouts of their lives but leave their races on the track. Or worse, they are so fit that they can push their musculoskeletal system too hard and end up injured. As you get really fit, beware of doing too much. Stop well before you overextend yourself. Keep your training under control and you'll arrive on race day in perfect shape, ready for a breakthrough performance.
Knowing When to Say When
If you go to the track with Bideau and Mottram, and ask how many repeats Mottram is doing, Bideau will likely say, "I don't know. We'll see how the workout goes." As soon as Bideau determines that Mottram has had his optimal stimulus for that particular workout, he'll stop him. Could Mottram do more? Of course! And if you are training optimally, you can too. You can always do one more repeat or you can run slightly faster for each repeat, but the point is that you need to become acutely aware of when to say when.
Experiment a little but always err on the conservative side. You'll not only enjoy your training more but you'll also smooth out the ups and downs you experience in training and racing. I find that athletes who are optimally training rarely have really bad workouts or races. They are consistent because the body and the mind are always ready for the next hard session.
It's taken Mottram six years to rise to the top and his lesson of patience, consistency and most importantly, control in training is a great lesson for all of us. The next time you head to the track, remember, "Just because you can, doesn't mean you should."


text:
Don't miss a story. Like us on Facebook. Like Dallas News' Facebook Page
View Larger Map
Staff writer Zain Haidar reports: A security officer was assaulted with a car in a grocery store parking lot in Southeast Oak Cliff.
The security guard confronted a woman who left the Minyard Food Store without paying for her groceries around 9 p.m. He followed the woman into the parking lot in the 2100 block of E. Ledbetter Drive, according to a police report.
The woman started to back out of the parking lot while the security guard was putting groceries back into a shopping cart. He jumped into the car to "avoid being dragged underneath it," but he fell when the woman took a sharp left turn, the report says.
Paramedics treated the 50-year-old security guard at the scene. He may have sustained internal injuries to his back from the fall, police said.
The man is an employee of the Houston Harris Division Patrol.
No arrests have been made.


text:
DALLAS (AP) - Texas lawmakers propose paying the college tuition for children of veteran teachers as a way to attract and retain educators.
The proposal - believed to be among the first of its kind in the nation - is included in school funding legislation approved by the Senate, but it isn't in the House version. An appointed group of lawmakers is crafting one school funding bill for Gov. Rick Perry's approval, and it's not clear whether the tuition provision will be preserved.
"We're running short on money, but it's a very important issue for me, and if we don't do it this session, I'm absolutely going to push for it first thing next session," said state Sen. Florence Shapiro, the bill's sponsor.
Under the bill, the state would pay for one year's tuition or fees at a state university or community college for the child of a teacher with 15 years' experience. The state would pay for another year's tuition or fees for each additional year of experience.
Teachers could store up the tuition benefits and after 19 years use them to pay for multiple children or to pay both tuition and fees for one child. By the time a teacher has 23 years' experience, he or she will have accumulated enough credits to pay full tuition and fees for one child's four-year college education.
The state would reimburse universities that accept the teachers' credits.
A Legislative Budget Board report estimates the plan would cost the state nearly $92 million through 2010. Among the state's roughly 289,000 teachers, about 21,000 have between 15 and 18 years of experience and about 75,000 have 19 or more years of service, the board said.
Neither the National Education Association nor the American Federation of Teachers had ever heard of a similar plan in another state, nor had researchers with the National Conference of State Legislatures or the Education Commission of the States, which track legislation nationwide.
AFT spokeswoman Leslie Getzinger said states have probably balked at the cost.
Brock Gregg, a lobbyist for the Association of Texas Professional Educators, said he fears the same thing will happen again if the Texas proposal becomes law.
"I'm concerned because teachers love it. They're absolutely going crazy over this program and I'm just concerned that the rug doesn't get pulled out from under them," he said.
Shapiro said the program would reward teachers with valuable experience and persuade them to stay in their classrooms longer, saving money for the state's Teacher Retirement System, which has $11 billion less than it needs to pay promised benefits.
But Gregg said starting the benefits after 15 years won't do much for retention, because most teachers who quit do so in their first five to 10 years.
Judy Bryant, who teaches prenatal and parenting classes at a Dallas high school for pregnant teens, said she's torn between being happy for and jealous of colleagues who would benefit. The single mom is still paying off loans she took out to send her son to the University of Texas at Austin in the late 1990s.
"This is a wonderful idea, don't get me wrong, but it would be nice if the teaching profession in the state of Texas was viewed as worthy of salaries that would not make it so that people had to try to rely on something like this," she said.
But King said the tuition break means more to her than the $3,000 pay raise the Legislature also is considering for teachers over the next two years.
"After taxes and all that, that isn't going to make a difference to me," King said. "But if you come to me and say your children's college tuition is paid for ... I don't know a word to describe it ... that goes above and beyond any pay raise that they could afford to give."
On the Net:
Association of Texas Professional Educators, www.atpe.org/
National Education Association, www.nea.org/
American Federation of Teachers, www.aft.org/
© 2017. All Rights Reserved. | Contact Us


text:
Robert H. Lesnik MD
Robert H. Lesnik M.D. has been named one of the Best Dermatologists in the U.S.A. He has been honored in both National and Local publications.
Dr. Lesnik is widely known for quality care and concern for his patients. He gives them the time and attention they need, treating patients and performing procedures himself. Patients are not passed off to helpers for decisions or treatments. Dr. Lesnik is an independent, highly trained and experienced physician who has served the desert since 1989.
Dr. Lesnik attended two Ivy League Universities, has published several original research papers and has written for a medical school textbook. He has trained in Dermatology, General Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery and Medicine. He is a 3rd Generation Dermatologist, stepson of Dr. Albert Kligman, inventor of Retin-A, and son of Lorraine Kligman, one of the leading scientists studying skin aging.
Dr. Lesnik and his wife Sharon have called the Desert their home for over 20 years.
Contact Robert H. Lesnik MD today at 760-341-8244 to schedule your appointment.
For further information regarding the above policy click here.


text:
Tummel, river and loch (lake), Scotland. The River Tummel rises on Rannoch Moor near the southern border of the Highland council area and drains via Loch Laidon through the heavily glaciated east-west valley containing the ribbon lakes (Lochs Rannoch and Tummel, in the Perth and Kinross council area) until it joins the River Tay just northwest of Pitlochry. The extensive Tummel-Garry Hydro-Electric Scheme, comprising 10 main power stations, is a major feature of the Tummel River basin. Loch Tummel is a popular scenic spot, as are the Falls of Tummel near the confluence of the Rivers Tummel and Garry.
Keep Exploring Britannica
We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind.
- Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience.
- You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered.
- Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources.
- At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.)
Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions.
Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article.
Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed.
There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later.


text:
ESCONDIDO (CNS) - The Rincon Band of Luiseno Indians donated $100,000 to the Palomar Health Foundation, which supports Palomar Medical Center in Escondido and Pomerado Hospital in Poway, the foundation announced this week.
The gift supports the hospital chain's "Building Your Healthcare of the Future" capital campaign, which seeks to raise $55 million.
The Rincon Reservation, in the inland part of northern San Diego County, is served by Palomar Medical Center. Harrah's Rincon Resort and Casino is part of the reservation.
"Good health is our most valuable asset as individuals and communities," said Bo Mazetti, chairman of the Rincon Band. "With this gift, the Rincon people are expressing our gratitude for the care we have received in the past and investing in future healthy living for ourselves and our neighbors."
The hospital chain opened the new Palomar Medical Center in August in the western end of Escondido, replacing a smaller facility near the city center.


text:
36 Similar Sites to Gaynakedmen.org
Gaynakedmen.org Similar Sites by Traffic
Gaynakedmen.org Similar Sites by Visits
people that visited Gaynakedmen.org also visited:
creakertube.comMale sex tube. Free gay porn videos and movies. XXX porno site.
Streaming the best free gay porn videos on creakertube. We have the Best gay SEXtube on the net giving you the HOTTEST free sex movies & gay porntube videos.
Gaynakedmen.org Similar Sites by Search:
sites getting traffic from the same search keywords as Gaynakedmen.org:
nakednudemen.comgay porn, naked men pictures, gay porn nude men
gay porn, naked men pictures, gay porn nude men - free pictures every day
top.nakednudemen.comnaked gay top 100 - the web's top gay sites all in one place!
the web's top gay sites all in one place!
nakedgayguys.netnaked gay guys - visit one of best gay site about gay muscle sex, gay sex party, old gay sex, gay teen army sex, straight gay sex, gay shower sex, free gay sex pics and other.
naked gay guys - gay porn with naked gay guysm nude men, nude males, naked boys, nude muscle guys, amateur nude men, gay homemade, gay voyeur nude, gay nudity, male nudity, men buddies, gay bodies, nude gay fucking, naked college gays, gay school, gay studs, nude gay men..
galleries.squirtz.comsquirtz - young and naked guys in montreal.
original, intimate, detailed portrait of montreal guys jerking off for the camera. high-quality videos and pictures.
gayporner.comgay porn videos and gay sex movies
gay porn sex pics updated daily. gayporner offers hot naked gay porn pictures with images of men who fuck bareback and get their cocks sucked hard
gaynudemen.orggay nude men - interracial gay, gay nude muscle, gay sex, fat gay sex, gay man sex, gay sex video, gay cartoon sex, gay huge cock, black gay cock, gay super cocks and other!
gay nude men - collection of exclusive gay galleries with gay sex, gay muscle, nude hunks, hot bears, amateur males, mature gay sex, old gay porn, gay big cocks, ethnic guys, college amateur guys, reality gay sex, naked fellas, hairy bears, bdsm gay pics and more.
pabloviktor.blogspot.com.espablo & viktor ~ el espejo de mi vida
pablo & viktor ~ el espejo de mi vida
younggaynakedmen.comSexy young naked gay men hot adult pictures
At our website best young naked gay men on pictures and videos of high quality! Gay sex with naked boys and other exited stuff made by very attractive gay guys.
naked-gaymen.netnaked gay men, nude gay men at www.naked-gaymen.net
if you really want a change from old hackneyed porn download and watch naked gay men! well-hung gay stags will make any dick hard and any twat wet!
hairymennaked.tumblr.comhairy men naked
hairy gay bears naked. nude hairy guys. hot hairy chest, fuzzy male butts, and big hairy cocks and balls. beefy gay bears naked.
hotgaymen.orgHot Gay Men - hottest porn videos with gays and men.
Hottest porn videos with gays and men at Hot Gay Men
nude-men.comFree Nude Men PIcs and Videos
Welcome to Nude Men where we showcase FREE pics and video of sexy gay nude men.
Gaynakedmen.org Similar Sites by Topic
see top sites for the most relevant topics from Gaynakedmen.org:
Enjoy FREE hardcore porn videos at Xtube. The best Straight Sex Movies and Gay XXX Hardcore Porno with Anal, BIG Cock, Big Tits, Hot Teens and Sex Clips.
FREE, Gay dating and hookup, chat, cam. Hot sexy studs seeking to date hot guys in NYC, New York, Miami Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Diego, Fort Lauderdale, Washington DC, Chicago, London, Paris, Toronto, Montreal
Hook up with any guy, any time, anywhere. Join over six million guys on the world's best site for men to meet.
Online community and dating service for men. Free registration and search.
this page has moved. if your browser does not automatically redirect you in a few seconds, click to go to the new page.
Nude girls free pictures and videos
The original men's magazine, Playboy's been pushing (and removing) buttons for 60+ years. Playboy.com features: beautiful women & celebrities; sex, culture, humor & style; Hef, Playmates & the Mansion.
welcome to naked. free live cams and sex chat. video chat live with amateur cam girls and pornstars from around the world.
Free porn sex videos & pussy movies. Thousands Free Porn Tubes Everyday at NuVid.com. All categories of stream sex videos & xxx adult movies. Best Livecam, Hardcore & Blowjob Porn.
Horny Wife is the place where lonely housewives look for hookups. Find discreet affairs with horny women, slutty & naked wives, horny bitches and more!
Horny Tube - The largest tube index site! 100% free sex.
"The Truth About Meeting Horny Girls Online!"
XVIDEOS Free Porn Videos free
Handpicked online streaming porn videos is what we have here for endless enjoyment. We have all the tube porn videos you need in here.
Free porn videos and sex photos linked via thumbnails and archived by category
Watch free sex videos at PornerBros.com. The hottest free porn tube with the hottest collection of sex tube videos online. Watch now!
Discover the paradise of gay porn on site tubegays.xxx! Movies with cute twinks, well-muscled hunks, hot interracial group actions with black and asian guys making sex.
Relatos eroticos organizados por categorias y sexo en directo
Gay free tube movies
Over 200 best gay porn videos every day. One place for all worth to see gay sex movies from 10 main porn gaytube sites.


text:
Subscribe To Topics You're Interested In
I've already subscribed
A Cheese Grater Was The Inspiration For ShredderInspiration can strike in the weirdest of places and come from the most obscure of sources. Song titles, character quirks, even characters themselves can come from the most mundane of tasks. In the case of Kevin Eastman, he and co-creator Peter Laird created and refined the concept of Shredder during more domestic circumstances.
Peter & I were doing dishes one night. I was drying off a metal cheese grater and I turned to Pete and said, "Man, can you image a bad guy with one of these on his arm. He'd shred your arm off. We could call him the Grater." Peter suggested The Shredder. Absurd ideas can come from anywhere when you're dealing with TMNT.
Who would have thought that the Turtles' most fearsome foe would have come not from a nightmare, but from washing dishes? Even weirder is the fact that after that question, another fan got it into their head to ask whether Eastman would rather fight 100 turtle sized Shredders or 1 Shredder sized turtle. With probably the smartest answer to one of the weirdest questions, Kevin Eastman made a very shrewd choices.
I wouldn't want to fight either but if I had to choose - I would go with 1 Shredder sized turtle.
Did Eastman have a cameo in the new film? Read on to find out.
Subscribe To Topics You're Interested In


text:
Curious what a "super app" is? So were we. It seems they're here to take over, and lead the charge into a new age. In what is being described as "Mobile 3.0", super apps are the new king. It's an interesting concept, and the info graphics shed some light on an interesting trend for mobile, especially outside of the US.
According to a company called MEF, Mobile 1.0 purchases were simple ringtones and wallpapers. Of course, at the time, there wasn't much more we could do with our phones. As devices became more powerful and useful, Mobile 2.0 brought us apps and games. Now that we've got computers in our pockets, Mobile 3.0 is offering up "super apps", which are those that require subscriptions. According to their metrics, we're increasingly giving way to subscription apps like Netflix or Play Music instead of buying stuff piecemeal.
Almost like an evolutionary chart of mobile, MEF's infographics do have some interesting points to make. It samples 10,000 folks from 13 different countries, and shows that while overall spending on mobile content has waned in the US, elsewhere it's alive and well. That is attributable to our accessibility to services like Netflix, but it can also be taken that those in other countries are equally interested in having access when considering spending.
In the US, it seems our preference is ease. We were the only country that downloaded content due to convenience over entertainment value. We also spent the least on apps, but that gets back to the point about "super apps", which don't require purchase, but do ask that we pay subscription fees outside of the app itself.
Interesting metrics for us here stateside, but also show interesting growth trends outside of the US. Kenya, for instance, is reported as spending the most on apps and goods, and resides in the expanding African market. We'd like to think that, in 7 years' time, they'll be enjoying "super apps" while another country is nipping at their heels. Then again, we're a bit scared to ask what is beyond super apps.
VIA: Phone Arena


text:
Mr. KELLY. Mr. Speaker, I do rise today in support of the Government Employee Accountability Act, H.R. 6016, and I thank the gentleman from Texas and the gentleman from Missouri (Mr. Clay).
As a result of this, I think when we had that hearing last spring, both sides were outraged. I remember Chairman Issa speaking out very strongly and also Ranking Member Cummings speaking out very strongly. Because we truly are the stewards of the taxpayer money. And what we said at that time was that we're going to get to the bottom of this, and we're going to find out how this happened and why it happened. When I got back to my office, our switchboard was lighting up and people from back home in western Pennsylvania said, Why is this happening?
I stress exactly what you said--we have a lot of wonderful people working very hard for this country, for this government, and we don't want to paint them all with the same brush. But by the same token, when there is some wrongdoing, it is up to us in the Congress to step forward and do things that make sense.
So this is just a commonsense solution to a situation that has to be addressed. I would say that working together, this is a bipartisan effort to make sure that we have great accountability for those taxpayer dollars that are being spent.
This piece of legislation, as it goes forward today--let's make sure that we understand this--these are the senior executives, these are the creme de la creme, these are the top people that we rely on. That Western Region Conference, as Mr. Farenthold pointed out, was $600,000 over budget, and at some point you've got to wonder why. When we asked the GSA, when we asked Ms. Johnson, Why is Mr. Neely on leave with pay, she said, Well, we don't have any mechanism to prevent that from happening; we don't have the tools to do that. So what we said was, let's go back into the regular world, let's go back into commonsense rules and let's give them a tool to use that makes sense for the American people.
So, I applaud what you're saying, Mr. Clay. It's nice working with you on this. I want to especially thank the committee. We did work very hard on this to come up with something that makes sense for America and makes sense also for the people that work for us. So I thank you.
Source: http://thomas.loc.gov


text:
TORONTO -- A Russian flight attendant waved to her friends in a court on Tuesday as she braced herself to fight extradition to the United States on fraud charges.
Marina Talashkova, 24, of Yekaterinburg, is wanted on charges relating to a multimillion-dollar Internet fraud involving the sale of vehicles.
She was remanded until March 19 when Canadian justice officials must receive the case from American authourities, court heard Tuesday. At that point, Canadian authorities have 30 days to decide whether to proceed with the extradition.
"We plan on vigorously defending the money laundering charges as we have seen no credible evidence showing that she's aware of or was involved in that activity," her lawyer, Tyler Hodgson, said outside of court.
Talashkova's three friends in court described her as an "open-hearted woman with lots of friends.
"She has a boyfriend waiting for her in Russia and he's hoping they'll soon be re-united," said one friend, who wished to remain anonymous.
Igor Kiykov, senior counsel for Consulate General of the Russian Federation, said Talashkova's mother visited her in jail last week.
"They are treating her quite well in jail. Canadian prisons are the best I've seen abroad and she has been given access to Russian books," said Kiykov, who added she maintains her innocence.
"Still, she's a depressed 24-year-old woman because she has been deprived of her normal life and liberty, enjoying the finer things in her life," he said.
Talashkova was arrested Jan. 15 at Toronto's Pearson airport after stepping off a Russian-based Transaero Airlines aircraft.
She was detained at the request of the U.S., which is seeking her extradition to Nevada to stand trial on a slew of fraud-related offences, police said.
Talashkova was among six people charged last December by U.S. police for her alleged role in an Internet scheme in which hundreds of buyers were defrauded out of up to $4.2 million in the sale of vehicles, motorcycles, boats and motor homes.
The vehicles, including some high end luxury models, were allegedly posted for sale on websites, including eBay Motors, Auto Trader, Yahoo Auto, Edmunds.comand Craigslist.
Would-be customers, using PayPal accounts, deposited payments into a number of bank accounts. But no vehicles were ever delivered, police said.
Talashkova faces charges, including conspiracy to commit bank and wire fraud.


text:
Forgot your password? Enter the email address you signed up with and we will send you a link to create a new password.
Your password reset has been submitted to the address provided.
Standard character mark
Non-destructive measuring devices for brake disks made of carbon ceramics
Business in , CH


text:
It was a terrible accident. A wonderful young girl died for nothing more than being in precisely the wrong place at precisely the wrong time. Her boyfriend was injured.
But whether Carlos Viveros-Colorado is guilty of criminal vehicular homicide and criminal vehicular injury comes down to one basic question: Was he grossly negligent?
The 51-year-old St. Paul man has been on trial in Ramsey County District Court. He remains in custody.
Viveros-Colorado lost control of his Ford Expedition about 1 p.m. on July 5 and barreled down an embankment at St. Paul's Harding High School, where Clarisse Grime and Eduardo Vasquez were sitting. The large SUV struck Grime directly, throwing her 24 feet, a police witness testified.
Grime, 16, died at the scene. Her 17-year-old boyfriend had quickly jumped out of the SUV's way and suffered minor injuries.
Viveros-Colorado testified that one or both of his legs went numb and that he tried to brake, but could not. Other witnesses testified that he was going well beyond the 30 mph speed limit — one estimated he was going 40 or 45 mph — and that he crossed the centerline of East Third Street as he headed eastbound from U.S. 61.
He said he panicked. There were no drugs or alcohol in his system.
The lawyers in the case made their closing arguments on Wednesday, Nov. 7. Judge John Van de North will announce his verdict on Nov. 14. Viveros-Colorado opted for a trial by judge rather than jury.
Defense attorney Alberto Miera said that the state had not proved that his client was grossly negligent in his driving.
"It happened because sometimes it happens," he said. "Accidents happen."
Prosecutor Elizabeth Lamin disagreed.
"Testimony has shown that the defendant drove out of control," both speeding and crossing the centerline, she said.
That alone proves gross negligence, she said. "The state doesn't have to prove why he did it."
She wondered aloud how Viveros-Colorado's inability to brake would cause him to swerve and end up on the wrong side of Third Street.
Emily Gurnon can be reached at 651-228-5522. Follow her at twitter.com/emilygurnon.


text:
I'm so glad you're here
My work is done entirely on location throughout Naperville and surrounding areas. Please text or call (312) 806-1994 to start our conversation.
It is best to schedule your portraits about one to two months in advance as Summer and Fall dates tend to book quickly.


text:
Nearby points of interest
Distance: 0.04mi
Distance: 0.07mi
Distance: 0.09mi
Distance: 0.10mi
Distance: 0.04mi
Distance: 0.07mi
Distance: 0.09mi
Distance: 0.10mi
Nearby points of interest
Distance: 0.04mi
Distance: 0.07mi
Distance: 0.09mi
Distance: 0.10mi
Distance: 0.04mi
Distance: 0.07mi
Distance: 0.09mi
Distance: 0.10mi
About Toscanini
Located in Beaver Creek Village next to the ice rink, Toscanini combines Colorado ingredients with modern culinary interpretations of old world cuisines. With a geography that ranges from the Italian Alps to coastal Mediterranean, how people cook and eat makes for a broad minded cuisine, even more so with the blend of Northern Italian, Austrian, North African and Venetian traditions. The Toscanini culinary team delivers an artisan "craft" interpretation including scratch made pastas, gnocchi, gelato, hand crafted cheeses, house made sausage, prosciutto, pastrami, and terrines. Local farms, fisheries, dairies and ranchers supply momentum and amazingly fresh ingredients.
Avon, CO 81620
Dining Style:
Casual Elegant
Hours of Operation:
2017-2018 Winter Season (November 18th - April 14th).
Serving Daily 3pm - Close.
Apres from 3-5pm in the bar, lounge and patio.
Dinner from 5pm - close.
2017 Summer Season (June 2nd - October 7th).
Happy Hour from 3-5pm in the bar, lounge, and patio.
Dinner from 5pm - close.
Cross Street:
Across from the ice rink
Dress Code:
Smart Casual
Price Range:
$31 to $50
Payment Options
AMEX, Diners Club, Discover, MasterCard, Visa
Phone Number:
(970) 754-5590
Executive Chef:
Paul Wade
Bar Dining, Bar/Lounge, Beer, Counter Seating, Full Bar, Gluten-free Menu, Happy Hour, Non-Smoking, Outdoor dining, View, Wheelchair Access, Wine
Toscanini Ratings and Reviews
Wonderful experience, great food, great atmosphere and awesome server (David). He provided us with great recommendations and we were not disappointed (veal, ravioli and great wine pairing). We followed the meal with the torta and a glass of port. We'll be back!
We have owned a home in Beaver Creek for 20 years and dined at Toscanini several times when it first opened and were less than impressed. In the past two years we decided to give t a few more tries and have been throughly impressed. We love the location and the fact that we can walk five minutes and have a very nice meal in Beaver Creek Village.
I think this was the third time we have eaten at Toscanini. Took my brother and sister in law for dinner prior to concert at performing arts center. Ate outside. Food was wonderful and well prepared for all of us! Our waiter was outstanding, very prompt, professional, knowledgeable, and courteous. We had a wonderful time. Ate outside on the patio. Got a little chilly as the sun set and we were sitting next to the ice rink outdoors.
Great dinner! My wife and I really enjoyed the all the courses of our meal. Very attentive service from our waiter and great food. Very extensive Italian wine menu. We ended up both ordering the veal scallopino and both say it was our best ever! Wonderful Italian restaurant.
The food is on the pricey side. Probably not too bad for Beaver Creek. The service was awesome. Our waitress was very attentive, if she didn't know something she found out quickly. The team service us when dinner was ready so all the food was very hot. At some restaurants you have to wait for the waiter to be ready for serve the food. So the food sits under the heat lamps. Not the case here.
We had a delicious dinner at Toscanini. A flatbread app to start and then I had the gazpacho and cippiino, both were great. My husband had a salad and the ravioli and he enjoyed both. Our server Dave was wonderful. Very helpful and a great personality. We will return on our next Vail visit.
Location and food are always good at Toscanini. Been going there for years. This time, however, we sat outside amd the service was horrendous. My opinion is that a good restaurant should never srop the ball like that. Since its always a pricey meal, shouldn't always be at the same high quality level?
Been many times. Wonderful food. This time was painfully slow service. A Vilar show is no excuse as this restaurant has dealt with this successfully for decades. Sitting staring at water and bread, asking the bus boy for wine, is not acceptable. Reflection of management.
Pretty marginal for an upscale restaurant that caters to an affluent crowd in Beaver Creek. Need much more training for waiters. No butter knife, never removed our appetizer plates, and when asked to box our leftovers he simply dropped off plastic containers at the table rather than taking our dishes and boxing it up for us. Not what you'd expect from a nice restaurant that is quite pricey. Just average at best.
The staff was friendly, professional and accommodating to our family and grandson. The occasion of our anniversary was celebrated with a memorable dinner and a lovely dessert. The wine selections were excellent. We enjoyed the ambience sitting on the patio watching the skaters and petting the sweet dogs at a nearby table.
Our dinner Thursday night was very good. The restaurant is lovely and the waitstaff is friendly and helpful. It is always fun to be able to watch the ice skaters out of the window. We sat in the bar area at a big table by choice and can't complain about anything.
This has always been one of my favorite places. We had 3 amazing appetizers, I order the Entree with lobster, my fiance ordered the steak, and roommate order the ravioli and all three were outstanding. We pack up all our left overs to eat later it was so good. Our favorite dessert was the tiramisu! We will be back and bring everyone that comes to visit us.
Please sign in to record your input. Thanks!
Report this review as inappropriate?
If you believe this review should be removed from OpenTable, please let us know and someone will investigate.