text: My wife and I stayed here for two nights in early December, '12. This Tuscany-themed property is very well-managed and offers good value. It is located just off the highway at the northern edge of Healdsburg and is therefore convenient to the town and to the wine areas. There are two sections: the older more traditional block and a newer,... More


text:
Team Leader – Prince's Trust (Exeter base), Devon
Job details
|Exeter College
|£23,584 - £25,165 per annum
|Contract type
|Full Time
|Contract term
|Closing date
|Applications are closed
Exeter College is committed to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children, young people and adults and expects all staff to share this commitment
Team Leader – Prince's Trust (Exeter base)
£23,584 - £25,165 per annum
37 hours per week
This is an exciting opportunity to lead a successful and friendly Prince's Trust team within the Faculty of Foundation Studies. Successful applicants are likely to have had experience of working with a range of students with varied educational backgrounds and behavioural issues and must be committed to outstanding teaching and learning.
We are seeking a forward-thinking and highly motivated Team Leader to teach a bespoke NEET student course. You will be expected to undertake teaching, mentor a group, lead curriculum development, liaise with employers and work towards our community initiatives. Recruitment and marketing of this programme is a key element of this post.
Candidates with qualifications current in the Outdoor Education field would also be most welcome.
You will be able to demonstrate recent experience of working with and motivating disengaged young people and have a working knowledge of the current NEET field in teaching. A teaching qualification is desirable or the willingness to work towards one.
A flexible approach and excellent organisational/ interpersonal skills are required. A sound communicator, your administrative skills will be strong along with good problem solving skills. You will be an effective team leader able to develop and disseminate best practise within the team and faculty.
If you have the passion and enthusiasm for teaching and learning, and enjoy working with young people, this could be the post for you.
The role involves accompanying groups of students onto Dartmoor as part of a residential 3 times per year.
The closing date for receipt of completed application is 23 June 2017.
Interviews will take place on 6 July 2017.
To apply for this post please visit our website at www.exe-coll.ac.uk
Exeter College is committed to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children, young people and adults and expects all staff to share this commitment.
Successful applicants will be required to undertake an enhanced disclosure by the DBS.
We do not accept CVs, no agencies please.
Exeter College is committed to promoting equality of opportunity and access for all, irrespective of age, background, race, gender, religion, ability, disability or sexuality. We welcome applications for employment from the whole community.
About the employer
Exeter College is a further education institution in the city of Exeter, Devon, catering for between 10,000 and 12,000 students. More than 40 AS and A2 subjects are available to 16-18s, alongside the International Baccalaureate and more than 90...
|Further Education
|Age range
|16+ years

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Answering their kids' questions about sex is a responsibility that many parents dread. Otherwise confident moms and dads often feel tongue-tied and awkward when it comes to talking about puberty and where babies come from.
But the subject shouldn't be avoided. Parents can help foster healthy feelings about sex if they answer kids' questions in an age-appropriate way.
From as early as infancy, kids are interested in learning about their own bodies. They notice the differences between boys and girls and are naturally curious.
Toddlers often will touch their own genitals when they're naked, such as in the bathtub or while being diapered. At this stage of development, they have no modesty. Such behaviors are signs of normal curiosity, not sexual activities, says the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and shouldn't bring scolding or punishment.
So, what should you do when your toddler begins touching himself or herself? Each family will approach this in their own way, based on their values, comfort level, and style. But keep in mind that your reaction to your child's curiosity will convey whether these actions are "acceptable" or "shameful." Toddlers who are scolded and made to feel bad about their natural curiosity may develop an increased focus on their private parts or feel shame.
Some parents choose to casually ignore self-touching or redirect a child's attention toward something else. Others may want to acknowledge that, while they know it feels good to explore, it is a private matter and not OK to do in public.
By the time a child is 3 years old, parents may choose to use the correct anatomical words. They may sound medical, but there is no reason why the proper label shouldn't be used when the child is capable of saying it. These words — penis, vagina, etc. — should be stated matter-of-factly, with no implied silliness. That way, the child learns to use them in a direct manner, without embarrassment.
In fact, this is what most parents do. A Gallup poll showed that 67% of parents use actual names to refer to male and female body parts.
Depending on the child's age, you can say that the baby grows from an egg in the mommy's womb, pointing to your stomach, and comes out of a special place, called the vagina. There is no need to explain the act of lovemaking because very young kids will not understand the concept.
However, you can say that when a man and a woman love each other, they like to be close to one another. Tell them that the man's sperm joins the woman's egg and then the baby begins to grow. Most kids under the age of 6 will accept this answer. Age-appropriate books on the subject are also helpful. Answer the question in a straightforward manner, and you will probably find that your child is satisfied with just a little information at a time.
Kids 3 to 6 years old are most likely to "play doctor." Many parents overreact when they witness or hear of such behavior. Heavy-handed scolding is not the way to deal with it. Nor should parents feel this is or will lead to promiscuous behavior. Often, the presence of a parent is enough to interrupt the play.
You may wish to direct your child's attention to another activity without making a lot of fuss. Later, sit down with your child for a talk. Explain that although you understand the interest in his or her friend's body, people are generally expected to keep their bodies covered in public. This way you have set limits without having made your child feel guilty.
This is also an appropriate age to begin to talk about good and bad touch. Tell kids that their bodies are their own and that they have the right to privacy. No one, not even a friend or family member, has the right to touch a child's private areas. However, the AAP notes, an exception to this rule is when a parent is trying to find the source of pain or discomfort in the genital area, or when a doctor or nurse is performing a physical exam.
Kids should know that if anyone ever touches them in a way that feels strange or bad, they should tell that person to stop it and then tell you about it. Explain that you want to know about anything that makes your kids feel bad or uncomfortable.
The "big talk" is a thing of the past. Learning about sex should not occur in one all-or-nothing session. It should be more of an unfolding process, one in which kids learn, over time, what they need to know. Questions should be answered as they arise so that kids' natural curiosity is satisfied as they mature.
If your child doesn't ask questions about sex, don't just ignore the subject. When your child is about age 5, you can begin to introduce books that approach sexuality on a developmentally appropriate level. Parents often have trouble finding the right words, but many excellent books are available to help.
Girls (and boys!) should have information about menstruation by about age 8. This is an area of intense interest to girls. Information about periods might be provided in school — and instructional books can be very helpful.
Many moms share their own personal experiences with their daughters, including when their periods first started and what it felt like, and how, as with many things, it wasn't such a big deal after a while.
Families set their own standards for nudity, modesty, and privacy — and these standards do vary greatly from family to family and in different parts of the world. Although every family's values are different, privacy is an important concept for all kids to learn.
Parents should explain limits regarding privacy the same way that other house rules are explained — matter-of-factly — so that kids don't come to associate privacy with guilt or secrecy. Generally, they'll learn from the limits you establish for them — and by your own behaviors.
Parents should begin the sex education process long before it starts in school. The introduction of formal sexual education in the classroom varies; many schools start it in the fifth or sixth grade — and some don't offer it at all.
Topics addressed in sex-ed class can include anatomy, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and pregnancy. What teachers cover and when varies greatly from school to school. You may want to ask questions about your school's curriculum so you can assess it yourself.
Children, when learning about sexual issues in school or outside of school, are likely to have many questions. The topic certainly can be confusing. Parents should be open to continuing the dialogue and answering questions at home. This is especially true if you want your kids to understand sexuality within the context of your family's values.
Body changes and sexual issues are an important part of human development. If you have questions about how to talk with your child about them, ask your doctor for suggestions.
Reviewed by: Steven Dowshen, MD
Date reviewed: August 2014
|American Sexual Health Association This nonprofit organization is dedicated to preventing sexually transmitted diseases and offers hotlines for prevention and control of STDs.
|American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) The AAP is committed to the health and well-being of infants, adolescents, and young adults. The website offers news articles and tips on health for families.
|Parents, Families, and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG) PFLAG offers information and support for parents, friends, and family members of gays and lesbians.
|National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy This site provides teen pregnancy facts, resources, and prevention tips.
|Planned Parenthood Federation of America Planned Parenthood offers information on sexually transmitted diseases, birth control methods, and other issues of sexual health.
|Sexual Development Changes become more dramatic and complex with the onset of puberty, and kids are likely to have lots of questions. These articles can help you become a trusted source of information, comfort, and support for your kids.
|Male Reproductive System The male reproductive system is essential to the perpetuation of life. Understanding it, what it does, and problems that can affect it can help you better understand your son's reproductive health.
|About Birth Control: What Parents Need to Know Talking to your kids about sex can be daunting. But discussing issues like abstinence, STDs, and birth control can help lower teens' risk of unintended pregnancy or contracting an STD.
|Sexual Orientation During the teen years, sexual feelings are awakened in new ways because of the hormonal and physical changes of puberty. It takes time for many kids to understand who they are and who they're becoming. Part of that understanding includes a person's sexual feelings and attractions.
|Talking to Your Child About Puberty Talking to kids about puberty is an important job for parents, especially because kids often hear about sex and relationships from unreliable sources. Here are some tips.
|STDs In many ways teens today are growing up faster than ever. That's why it's important to talk to your child about sex, particularly sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
|Female Reproductive System Without the female reproductive system, there would be no perpetuation of life. Understanding it, what it does, and the problems that can affect it may help you better understand your own daughter's reproductive health.
|Talking to Your Daughter About Puberty Help your daughter prepare for the changes that puberty will bring before she takes her first steps toward adulthood.
|Talking to Your Child About Menstruation Kids reaching puberty should already know what's going to happen to their bodies. Here are some tips for talking to your daughter about menstruation.
|Understanding Early Sexual Development Young kids develop an emotional and physical foundation for sexuality in many subtle ways as they grow. By understanding how your kids grow and learn, you can play an important role in fostering their emotional and physical health.
What to expect when coming to Akron Children's
For healthcare providers and nurses
Residency & Fellowships, Medical Students, Nursing and Allied Health
For prospective employees and career-seekers
Our online community that provides inspirational stories and helpful information.


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Xlnt !
Very happy to hear a clear chest X ray mate.
You're making big progress here !
You have some very cool sanding tools, looks like it saves time ~
And sore arms !
As mentioned above, it really is cool to see the whole process like this step by step, I don't think I've sen it done.
the sanding of the hull and tunnel is almost complete, but there are some minor areas that need doing.
to facilitate this I have had to add the "false" keel.....when I cut the original keel( centre plate for the sections, I measured it 3mm shy all round, and then with two strips of 1.5mm ply I make up the correct size.....this also incorporates the "bow plate" onto which a fairlead roller is fixed later.
the strips were nailed on to the keel and stem and stern posts......they will be filled later, but not before I fix the "pig iron" ballast keel which will be made from obeche block and fixed to the keel sides before filling, sanding and making ready for moulding.
Well!....the Blackpool show's over now, the aches and pains subsiding just a little , and so it's back to a near normal sense of normality, and down to work.
I haven't filled in to the keel and stem/stern posts yet as it is time to put the protective belting, which is a very important and also noticable part of any lifeboat and on the older classic boats always stood out as being painted red.
It is a bit of a sod to put on, and I always follow the method I am going to show here.
the width of the belting is taken and a base strip of obeche is cut, onto which other layers can be glued
Because you are trying to bend in two directions........following both the "sheer" line and the curvature of the hull plan, it would normally have been steamed on the actual boat and in sections.........however this is only a plug and so the two strips cut, have been saw cut in two "planes" to allow the easier bending of dry timber and setting in to place using aliphatic resin ( quick grab AND waterproof.)
the belting was then glued on to the hull fixing with both pins and spring clamps.
the second layer of the belting was added yesterday and then filed at the bow and stern with power file, and rounded preliminarily allong the top and bottom edges with my small "block" plane, before filling with polyester filler.............(getting towards the bottom of the tin now )......before a few long days sanding it to the right profile, and finally putting on a capping strip the length of the belting.
also whilst I was at it, I made the two blanks for the "cast iron" keel ballast..............this will be incorporated into the moulding process and was made from two strips of obeche, set in place with filler.............again will be sanded to a smooth finish.
with a lot of hard work and good abrasive paper........the boat begins to take shape and gets nearer to moulding.......just a little refilling and sanding on the belting, and then i can add the outer capping strip
The belting has been sanded as has the hull.............this afternoon I deviated slightly from the cappings on the belting to adding the fixing positions for the bilge keels and skegs and the centre prop shaft skeg, which is made of two layers 3mm ply glued together and held against the building board to keep flat whilst gluing, and made in two parts to allow the prop tube to run through it.
Slowly and surely ( as the kids are on half term and I seem to get deviated from my task....mind you I love it having them at home and going out on trips for the day), I am getting close to being able to take the mould from the plug.
Over the last few days I have been putting the top and bottom capping strips plus the extended belting onto the protective belts to the boat.
The top capping was made from 3mm x 1.5mm obeche strip so that it can be sanded to a half rounded top edge, whilst the bottom and mid capping were made from two layers of 120 gram card cut into 3mm strips, and all glued with aliphatic resin.
Also the second layer of 3mm ply was added to the centre skeg that houses the prop shaft and propellor, with the trailing edge being cut and drilled to take a white metal "foot" to take the bottom pintol of the rudder.
This of course won't be fitted to the plug, but is ready for when I pull a moulding out of the moulds.
Finally the extended cast iron ballast keel was added to the propellor skeg, made from obeche and will be ready for the moulding of the motor sailer.
The skeg for the pulling sailing boat will be similar eventually but without the cut out for the prop.
You can see thecappings that I have just added being retained on the restoration project recently for sale on Ebay, although on this boat, (which was a 43' boat just like my model) the belting has been removed.
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xTV (Apple TV take 1 replica/clone) skin is in the XBMC Skinning Project's SVN - Printable Version
+- Kodi Community Forum (https://forum.kodi.tv)
+-- Forum: Support (https://forum.kodi.tv/forumdisplay.php?fid=33)
+--- Forum: Skins Support (https://forum.kodi.tv/forumdisplay.php?fid=67)
+---- Forum: AppTV (https://forum.kodi.tv/forumdisplay.php?fid=76)
+---- Thread: xTV (Apple TV take 1 replica/clone) skin is in the XBMC Skinning Project's SVN (/showthread.php?tid=24617)
- Jezz_X - 2008-06-14
Geeba Wrote:Will a trailer button ever be added to an official skin? ie Jezz X's version? I'm not really ofey with pasting the code from pate bin into the folders or where to put it to get the trailer button?
Its not my version Chi3f is the main coder on this and others helped him with the graphics all I have done is about 3% max fixing issues that crop up. So no I can't answer that question only chi3f can
- Geeba - 2008-06-15
Jezz_X Wrote:Its not my version Chi3f is the main coder on this and others helped him with the graphics all I have done is about 3% max fixing issues that crop up. So no I can't answer that question only chi3f can
Aha! Quick way not to get something added! Sorry Chi3f! LOL!
- CHI3f - 2008-06-16
Geeba Wrote:Aha! Quick way not to get something added! Sorry Chi3f! LOL!No, that is a quick way to not get something added.
I do realize that I have not been keeping up with the skin like I used to but there is a life past this one (a.k.a. the real world) and mine has had alot of changes lately and i have almost no free time to do skin work. Trust me I do not like the fact that I have no time to do either of the only 2 hobbies I enjoy in life or the fact that I have only made one commit to the project since I was made part of the team, but my real life stuff has to come first and i would like to be able to make such decisions without hearing people smart ass comments about it. If I could do more i would and I am sure at some point this craziness of me having a full time family to take care of will die down and I will have time again so just be patient.
I also don't think it is fair to Jezz to ask/suggest that he should be the one to pick up the slack on a project that I have started. He has alot to do himself and he should not have to worry about people asking him to work on other people's skins when he not only has multiple other skins to work on but has to keep up with the skin needs of PM3 for the various ports for XBMC. Anyone who does must have no idea what it is like being the only coder on a skin and until you do I don't think it is fair to expect it of him.
My point is that I WILL return to doing constant skin work and I WILL finally be a productive part of the team, but right now I can't. Excuse me if I seem rude but it angers me when I see comments like that when the people who make these comments have no idea how much it bothers me that I can't do this stuff on a regular basis anymore. Not only that but I am sure I have made the people I respect think less of me by my lack of work. I feel like I have made a promise I am not able to keep, not only to the users of my skins, but the XBMC team and Mike Beecham(he and a few select others know why).
- Geeba - 2008-06-16
Woooooha! I was being completely appologetic? "Aha! Quick way not to get something added! Sorry Chi3f!" thats why I wrote "not"
Being new-ish to xTV I was for some reason under the impression it was Jezz-z's skin... I appologise profusley for the mix up... I was not ear-wigging for it to be added just curious.
- netropolis - 2008-06-18
Ok FANTASTIC... I can't even begin to tell you how much i love xTV...
Let me try... 4 days ago, not having ever owned a gaming system... I am SO not a gamer... I just don't have the coordination. I do however have a PC hooked up to every tv in the house... linked to a server with all my media on it (and believe me I have a few TB of divx movies and tv seasons music... LOTS!!!) all the pc's are all running MCE'05... (like many, I am not a fan of vista) but I digress.
I was looking online for a screenshot of Linux Media Centre? I was growing weary of MCE... I STUMBLED onto XBMC... and it didn't take long before I was reading the wiki... and voila xtv... I KNOW about appleTV but I hate itunes even more than vista!!! although BEAUTIFUL like all things apple using the sync with itunes... BLECH, then I find xtv, and xbmc...
I ran out FRIDAY, bought an XBOX with a remote and the high end monster cable and ran across town to get some shady kid to soft-mod it for me... he did great (*I think)... I coulda figured it all out in a few days but $15 and 30 minutes and I was home... and no I don't think I'll ever play a game on it... hahaha...
It took a while to configure but that is GOOD! SO MANY OPTIONS... I love it.
and it connects to shares... my 'special' daughter figured it out in 10 minutes... and in a couple weeks I am replacing other HTPC's in the house with Xbox's!!!
THANK YOU!!! No criticism, no requests for changes... just a THANK YOU!!!
works perfect right out of the box...
thank you to the XBMC team, and the xTV team! So, do you have an xTV or XBMC cafepress store where I can get a teeshirt or somethin?
- CHI3f - 2008-06-18
netropolis Wrote:Ok FANTASTIC... I can't even begin to tell you how much i love xTV...
Thank you for the kind words. No, there is not a place to buy xTV merchandise but you most certainly can purchase some XBMC merchandise.
Browse XBMC merchandise here
- CHI3f - 2008-06-20
I have added an option to show fan art as the background while browsing tv shows and added a movie trailers button to the "dialog" in the video windows that contain the view,sort by,etc. buttons.
- CHI3f - 2008-06-26
- Jezz_X - 2008-06-26
lol nice textless spoiler chi3f I wonder what it means
- shizzle - 2008-06-26
- RenZ0R - 2008-06-26
very sweet, is it just a clone of the apple tv home, or you doing the whole lot ?
- sabone - 2008-06-26
cant wait
- CHI3f - 2008-06-26
RenZ0R Wrote:very sweet, is it just a clone of the apple tv home, or you doing the whole lot ?
It is just the home window right now. We will get around to doing the rest. I can't do the lists like you see in the apple tv tour video cause I can't just have multiple media lists in one window like that but I can do some adjustments to the rest of the skin.
- platanito21 - 2008-06-26
is this what xTV is morphing into or is this just going to be another version along side the original?
- CHI3f - 2008-06-26
platanito21 Wrote:is this what xTV is morphing into or is this just going to be another version along side the original?
I think it is gonna be 2 separate releases. I am still very attached to the old style. In my opinion the old style is fashion and the new is function.


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WAR OF THE ROSES Directed by Danny DeVito
Screenplay by Michael Leeson
Everything has come up roses for the Roses. Oliver (Michael Douglas) has + made partner at his influential law firm. Barbara (Kathleen Turner) has converted her catering service from busywork to flourishing business. The kids are trouble free and accepted by all the right schools. The last expensive antique has been placed in the last empty space in their exquisitely restored house. In other words, disaster now looms.
For the habit of discontent has been the engine driving their lives. And the only thing left to be discontented about...


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More Videos...
Infiniti M45 Sport Flowmaster Exhaust
Wanted that Muscle car sound! Last two flybys sound best. 1:09 and 1:29
2006 Infiniti M45 Sport Megan Axle Back Cold Start
Exhaust system is all stock except for the Megan Axle Back. Good tone at low RPM's. Blue smoke from V8 :(
M35 sport w/Megan Exhaust and BERK HFC's
Megan Exhaust w/ BERK High Flow Cats
Fluid MotorUnion Infiniti M45 Exhaust Teaser
This video is a teaser, showcasing our custom-fabricated Infiniti M45 Exhaust. The car belongs to the shop mom, Marilynn. It's made from high-quality stainless steel, with an x-pipe in the midsection. It also contains loops and resonators for a slightly quieter sound, because, as Marilynn puts it, "I'm old." The headers are also a custom-fabricated Fluid MotorUnion creation, meaning the entire Exhaust system on this vehicle was fabricated in-house. More will come once the paint job is finished. Don't mind the smoke, it's just cleaner applied to the system, since the Infiniti sat for quite some time without running, and we want to return it to tip-top shape.


text:
Delta delivers quality products you can count on day after day, like this Commercial Electronic Soap Dispenser in Chrome. Commercial products that go beyond providing exceptional commercial-grade performance reflect the personality of the individual institution. The touchless functionality minimizes contact with germs in high-traffic areas.
- Deck mount electronic hand soap dispenser
- Sensor detects user's hand to automatically dispense soap
- Requires 4 'D' cell batteries (included)
- Assembled dimensions are above the deck
- Non-metal spout
- 5-year limited warranty covers parts and finish defects


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Your browser does not support iframes.
It is the policy of the Central Kentucky News-Journal to publish public records as they are reported by various agencies. Names appearing in "On the Record" are published without exception, to preserve the fairness and impartiality of the CKNJ and as a news service to our readers.
Campbellsville Kiwanis Club is celebrating 50 years of service to children and youth in Taylor County this year.
Kiwanis boasts a membership of about 8,000 clubs in 96 countries. Its mission is to serve the children of the world.
Some of this year's major projects will include:
- Funding and construction of a Kiwanis softball field at Miller Park.
- Providing new coats for children in local schools.
- Assisting students to attend summer camps.
- Helping students to attend Central Kentucky Arts Series programs.
Campbellsville University was outscored 23-12 off 25 turnovers and the Lady Tigers dropped their first game in the NAIA National Tournament 64-60 to Columbia (Mo.) College Thursday morning in Jackson, Tenn.
Read more on this story in Monday's issue.
St. Thomas Episcopal Church, located at 116 S. Columbia Ave. in Campbellsville, will host two Lenten programs of interest to the general public, the first of which is tonight at 7.
The Rev. Karl Lusk, pastor, will lead a discussion of the "Four Great Heresies of the Church."
These occurred in the formative years of Christianity and were attempts to define various traditions, scriptural accounts and opinions into church doctrine. These led to disagreements, schisms and eventually councils of church leaders to find consensus.
Charles and Victoria Spradlin of Louisville announce the engagement of their daughter, Mary Beth Spradlin, to David Clark Dennis, son of Danny and Debbie Dennis of Campbellsville.
Spradlin is a 2002 graduate of Mercy Academy and a 2005 graduate of Bellarmine University, where she majored in communications and minored in business administration. She is employed with the Kentucky Farm Bureau Federation in Louisville.
Donna Wise told everyone at Saturday's St. Baldrick's Shaving for a Cure at Campbellsville University that cancer doesn't take a holiday because of an economic downturn.
Twenty barbers, more than 100 shavees and a couple handfuls of volunteers didn't take a day off either. They joined forces to raise nearly $30,000, with personal and community donations continuing to come in.
Tom and Pennie Akin of Greensburg announce the birth of a daughter, Sienna Grace, at 3:17 a.m. on Tuesday, Dec. 30 at Hardin Memorial Hospital in Elizabethtown. She weighed 7 pounds, 4 ounces and was 19 1/2 inches long.
Grandparents are Linda Thompson of Greensburg, Rollie Thompson of Mt. Sherman and Glen and Ramona Akin of Fairplay.
The Rev. Jeff Eaton, formerly of Campbellsville, delivered a session on marriage at his address at Campbellsville University recently.
"Marriage is a picture of God and his people," he said.
Eaton is pastor of Hope Community Church in Frankfort and is a graduate of Campbellsville University. He spoke on having a healthy marriage and covered topics including spirituality, finances, understanding communication, sexuality and dealing with in-laws.
Friendship Baptist Church will host a 1,000-egg Easter egg hunt at 2 p.m. on Saturday, April 11.
A short program will also include a presentation of the Easter story.
Friendship Baptist is located at 5411 Bengal Road. Pastor Bill Henderson may be reached at 849-7924 for more information.
Preschool and elementary age children are encouraged to attend as well as parents.
If I were God, I would create humans with rewind buttons on their mouths, or a 10-second delay device.
We tend to say some really dumb things.
Once I met a man at a gym who said he'd been a bodybuilder for 48 years. Since he wasn't all Hulk Hoganish I asked, "When did you stop?"
Although he laughed, he looked at me with a combined horrified amazement as if to say, "I can't believe you said that!"
Halfway home it hit me that what I had said to him was equivalent to him asking me, "So, when did you let yourself go?"
Copyright © 2017
The Central Kentucky News-Journal is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Campbellsville, KY and the surrounding area.


text:
Countzero vfm isnt there then. For me, a non-diver. A standard G-shock would hit that criteria. A 300-500 fashion divers watch is firmly a fail.
Got one of those for work. Cost me £75, and is nowhere near as comfortable to wear, and the Lume is nowhere near as bright. Anyway, I'm not at all sure what you mean by value for money; it's worth every penny to me, it fulfills all necessary criteria for a watch that I intend keeping and wearing for the rest of my life. It looks good to me, it's very tough, (the only reason I don't wear it to work is because I sometimes use machinery that could result in scrapes or gouges in the case or crystal, and as I bought it with money left me by my mum, I don't want it messed up by work), it's time-keeping is accurate, much more so than the Casio, and calling a watch that's made to be used for diving a fashion divers watch is plain stupid, just because I, personally, can't swim! It's a watch that can be worn for diving, and is tough enough for most aquatic purposes.
Christ, how many more times to I have to explain that I wear it because of the way it looks, it's build, accuracy, and clarity, if I was going for 'fashion', I'd be wearing some shonky bloody thing by Police, with six stupid, meaningless little dials on it. Even the G-Shock is as minimalist a watch as I could get from Casio, that was still up to being bashed around inside a commercial folding machine, plate-processor or film-processor.
I dislike complex watches, dive/pilot watches are designed for clarity and ease of use, and are tough; that's not 'fashion',
that's functional design, something I rate above all else, and I wanted long-lasting quality.
There, is that simple enough for you to understand?


text:
Wow, How They've Changed!! Take a Look at the Updated UNH Web-Based RCR Modules!!
Wow, How They've Changed!! Take a Look at the Updated UNH Web-Based RCR Modules!!
The UNH Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) and Scholarly Activity Committee is pleased to announce the revision of the UNH Web-based program of RCR instruction. The revised 11 Web-based modules are the result of a collaborative effort between staff in the UNH Research Computing Center (RCC) and RCR committee members.
The modules address the following topic areas:
- Animal Subjects
- Authorship and Publication
- Collaborative Research
- Conflicts of Interest and Commitment
- Data Management
- Hazardous Materials
- Human Subjects
- Intellectual Property
- Mentoring
- Misconduct in Scholarly Activity
- Peer Review
Each module presents:
- Learning objectives
- A case study featuring ethical issues pertaining to the topic area
- Content that supports the learning objectives
- Review scenarios at the end of the content section
- The same case study at the end of the content with ethical issues identified
- A way to certify completion at the end of the module
Modules may be completed according to the individual's own timeframe; users should allow 20-30 minutes per module.
The modules are an integral part of UNH's RCR training. RCR training is required by the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) National Institute of Food & Agriculture (NIFA). In addition, since 2011 the UNH Graduate Council has required RCR training of all incoming doctoral students during their first semester.
In addition, the modules are an integral part of the interdisciplinary graduate seminar, GRAD 930: Ethics in Research & Scholarship and are used by instructors across campus deliver fundamental information on a topic. Further, specific modules are used by several UNH regulatory committees as required training (e.g., the UNH Institutional Review Board requires completion of the Human Subjects module in order to submit an application for review).
The modules were originally developed with grant funding from the US Office of Research Integrity (ORI). For more information about the modules, contact Julie Simpson in UNH Research Integrity Services.


text:
What You Can Do About the Kenya Massacre: Choose to Love
Dr. Geoff Tunnicliffe
Once again the senseless massacre of almost 150 students in Kenya has demonstrated the fallenness and depravity of humanity. It is impossible to comprehend the depth of brutality that human beings can perpetrate against others, particularly children and young people. Lives filled with so much hope and potential were snuffed out by the barbarity of those who seemingly will stop at nothing to promote their twisted ideology and beliefs.
What should be responses to such acts of cruelty? We have already seen swift military action by the Kenyan government in retaliation for the atrocities committed. Yet what should your response be, and the response of every individual Christian before God? The natural inclination is anger, to lash back, to punish the perpetrators. Yes, justice demands we respond and hold accountable the killers. But is that all we can do and will it bring an end to these senseless attacks?
It is a primary responsibility of governments to protect its citizens. However, given the fact the growing threat of terrorists is not contained within a specific geographic border,


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text: Cell-free protein expression is performed without the use of living cells. Instead, all components needed to transcribe DNA to RNA and translate the RNA to protein (e.g. ribosomes, tRNAs, enzymes, cofactors, amino acids) are provided in solution for use in vitro. Generally, such solutions are obtained through making a cell lysate from a desired cell type. Cell-free mixtures have been made from both bacterial and eukaryotics cells. Alternatively, the PURExpress® system (NEB #E6800) consists of a mixture of highly-purified components required for transcription and translation in place of using a lysate. Cell-free systems are generally not practical for large-scale protein expression. However, they are often perfectly suited for a number of applications where the rapid generation of a smaller amount of recombinant protein is desirable. For example, cell-free expression is suitable for high-throughput screening of truncated proteins for structural or functional studies. Other applications for cell-free expression include making proteins that are toxic to expression hosts in vivo, expression of proteins with modified amino acids, incorporation of post-translational modifications, or studies on protein folding. The PURExpress system is a unique variation of cell-free expression. PURExpress provides all purified components needed to produce a recombinant protein in vitro. With minimal nuclease and protease activity, the PURExpress system preserves the integrity of DNA and RNA templates/complexes and results in proteins that are free of modification and degradation. PURExpress® is a registered trademark of New England Biolabs, Inc.


text:
Americans have good reason to be concerned any time one country allows citizens to invade and ransack another's embassy, especially when that country is Iran. Anyone who was around in 1979, when the U.S. Embassy in Tehran was overrun by supporters of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, will remember the horror of staffers' 444 days in captivity.
Over the next few decades, Iran seemed to regain a minimal understanding of universal treaty obligations that recognize embassy grounds as sovereign, inviolable territory. That disappeared in a flash last week when hundreds of government-backed militants seized and ransacked the British Embassy and ambassador's residence. Britain has closed its embassy and withdrawn personnel. Leading European nations have recalled ambassadors or otherwise reduced diplomatic ties.
The European Union last week approved a travel ban and froze the assets of 180 Iranian officials and companies. France, rarely known for get-tough stances against Iran, has joined Britain in seeking a full European embargo of Iranian oil. Even Russia and China, stalwart backers of softer diplomacy with Iran, indicate their patience is wearing thin.
Too bad it took an affront to British diplomatic sovereignty to prompt such unified action, while the much more dangerous threat at hand — Iran's efforts to enrich uranium to bomb-grade quality — never seemed to inspire the same level of international outrage.
The embassy raid was prompted by Britain's move to stiffen nuclear-related sanctions, ordering its credit and financial institutions to halt all transactions with Iranian banks. The measure went farther than other European nations had been willing to go, and it's clear that Britain caught the Iranian leadership's attention.
These are telling signs that sanctions really are taking a bite. President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad acknowledged as much when he complained before parliament last month, "Our banks cannot make international transactions anymore."
The domino effect of other European nations tightening sanctions in solidarity with Britain cannot help but register with Tehran that the international community's unity and resolve is tightening around the goal of halting Iran's pursuit of bomb-grade nuclear technology.
It is doubly heartening to note that Iran's chief ally, Syria, also faces growing international isolation and deepening sanctions. The two nations' capacity to destabilize the region and make mischief diminishes the more their energies are spent meeting payrolls and scrounging for hard currency. That's cause for cautious optimism — provided the international pressure doesn't ease.
The Tehran leadership needs to receive a consistent message from all sides that sanctions will only get tougher as long as it defies international will and continues its belligerent posture. A resumption of nuclear inspections and full compliance with treaty obligations are minimal steps for Iran to avert economic disaster.
Tehran badly miscalculated. Trashing embassies, as the past week has shown, is a fast route to unifying the world against you.
The U.N. Security Council has adopted multiple resolutions to try to force Iran to comply with international law and submit its nuclear research for inspection. Adherence has been spotty. The latest, Resolution 1929, was passed in 2010 and is legally binding on U.N. members.
Among the provisions, the resolution:
Requires Iran's full compliance with International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards and bans it from commercial activity relating to uranium, including mining.
Prohibits certain arms transfers to Iran.
Prohibits Iran from undertaking any activity related to ballistic missiles.
Prohibits designated Iranians from traveling to or through the territory of any U.N. member state and freezes the assets of those entities and individuals.
Requires all U.N. member states to freeze the assets of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps and the Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines.
Calls on U.N. member states to prohibit the opening of new branches, subsidiaries or representative offices of Iranian banks in their territories.


text:
ROOTS-L ArchivesArchiver > ROOTS > 2002-07 > 1027309855
From: "AMEV" <>
Subject: Re: [ROOTS-L] Ancestry.com
Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2002 23:50:55 -0400
References: <firstname.lastname@example.com>
OK i didn't throw my soapbox away.. it was hidden out back ... so I've
dusted it off and set it up one more time.
My two cents worth ( it may be devalued canadian cents but it's still money)
Ancestry.com does not have all the answers but it does have some. One of the
best genealogical tools available are census and those you can get at both
Ancestry.com and Genealogy.com to name two of the most common pay sites.
Maybe some of the other area's they offer are sketchy BUT to me it's worth
the money. I don't have the time to travel to my nearest LDS an hour away
to view a census film that I would most likely have to order first and wait
to come in. Then I would have to scroll through endless reems of microfilm
on readers that bother my eyes and make me sea sick. Instead for a fee ( of
course they are a money making venture) I can view the census in the comfort
of my own home in proper lighting and in a more organised manner and in my
time frame.( 4 am !!)
As for the other records Ancestry holds, they do allow free searches so u
can ascertain if they have anything on the person you are looking for and
if they don't show up in the preliminary search they don't have anything
and therefore you shouldn't even bother to buy time on their site.
I haven't found a lot on their site for my family names other than census
information but then again these people are in hiding and don't want to be
found .. of this I am sure of!
The average joe is harder to find because he didn't do anything in his life
time to get his name in the papers. We have to remember that life was very
different 100 + years ago. People were very private and didn't like
other's especially the government knowing their personal buisness and kept
to themselves.
Ancestry.com and sites like it are a stepping stone and a foot up but it
still takes writing and visiting Genealogical Societies, newspapers,
pestering relatives, making that trip to the Archives and Land Registry
Offices, etc to trace your families.
So............... what am I saying? Use or not use the pay sites.... just
remember it's your choice.
Putting the soapbox away again but in a new spot so some one does take it
and burn it one me.
Good Luck everyone in your search for your ancestors and remember everyone
leaves a paper trail some are just harder to find...... Annmarie
This thread:
|Re: [ROOTS-L] Ancestry.com by "AMEV" <>


text:
Encontrar uma cópia na biblioteca
Encontrando bibliotecas que possuem este item...
|Tipo de Documento
|Material de arquivo
|Todos os Autores / Contribuintes:
Rufus W Griswold; Fletcher Harper; George Jones; Abraham Lincoln; Adolph S Ochs; Henry J Raymond; Arthur Hays Sulzberger; Charles Sumner; Thurlow Weed; New York Times Company.
|Número OCLC:
|The majority of letters to and from Jones and Raymond are copies collected by the New York Times from other repositories.
|1.26 linear feet (3 boxes)
|Mais informações
Collected materials include correspondence between Henry J. Raymond and notable people of the time, legal documents, memorials to Raymond, a manuscript of "Extracts from the Journal of Henry J. Raymond," photographs of Jones and Raymond, and newspaper clippings. Administrative files include letters to and from Adolph S. Ochs, Arthur Hays Sulzberger, and others regarding the acquisition of letters and documents. Artifacts consist of a lace bag and a miniature portrait of Elizabeth M. Delerchuze which she sent to Adolph S. Ochs in 1901, and the mourning badge worn by Henry J. Raymond at the funeral of Abraham Lincoln.
Ítens Similares
- New York times.
- American newspapers -- New York (State) -- New York.
- Newspaper publishing -- New York (State) -- New York.
- Publishers and publishing.
- New York (N.Y.) -- Politics and government.
- New York (State) -- Politics and government.
- United States -- Politics and government.
- American newspapers.
- Newspaper publishing.
- Politics and government
- New York (State)
- New York (State) -- New York.
- United States.


text:
Click here(Link 1) if you would like to receive copies of the presentations delivered at Western Canada's Shipbuilding Symposium via email.
Note: Government of Canada presentations are available in both official languages. Presentations by other organizations are available in the language which they were presented.
Western Canada's shipbuilding and marine industry is competitive, vibrant and growing. In February 2012, former Minister Lynne Yelich launched Western Canada's Shipbuilding Action Plan to support this growing industry and ensure its long-term competitiveness and sustainability.
The Action Plan helps ensure the West's shipbuilding industry is well-positioned to pursue opportunities by bringing together key stakeholders involved with the National Shipbuilding Procurement Strategy (NSPS) with western Canadian small-and- medium-sized enterprises to share information about the Strategy and the opportunities it represents for Western Canada's shipbuilding industry.
The selection of the two shipyards through the National Shipbuilding Procurement Strategy (NSPS) represents the largest procurement sourcing arrangement in Canadian history. Under the Strategy,
With Irving Shipbuilding Inc. selected to build the combat vessel work package and Seaspan Marine Corporation selected to build the non-combat vessel work package, the Strategy is expected to create 4,000 jobs on the West Coast and produce a range of economic opportunities for local small- and medium- sized businesses across Western Canada. This will give the next generation of Canada's naval and coast guard personnel the vital equipment they need to do their jobs and will provide three decades of stability for shipbuilders.
Our Government is committed to ensuring that those businesses that are poised to prosper from the Strategy have the knowledge and the tools to take advantage of the secondary economic benefits." - Former Minister Yelich, Launch of Western Canada's Shipbuilding Action Plan
Western Economic Diversification Canada (WD) acts as the champion for Western Canada's shipbuilding industry, promoting its strengths and ensuring its long-term competitiveness.
Under the Action Plan, WD will bring together key stakeholders involved with the NSPS with western Canadian small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to share information about NSPS and the opportunities it represents for Western Canada's shipbuilding industry.
Over the coming months and years, WD will work alongside businesses across the West to help them maximize opportunities under the NSPS.
Register online to receive information on upcoming supplier development and shipbuilding events, or click here(Link 2) for more information on how WD is delivering on the Action Plan.
WD has already invested over $3.5 million to support the training of highly skilled workers in British Columbia and will continue to examine opportunities to further develop and grow Western Canada's shipbuilding industry.
Find out more about what WD has accomplished, or view our photo timeline of the delivery of Western Canada's Shipbuilding Action Plan.
For more information about Western Canada's Shipbuilding Action Plan, see what activities WD is undertaking to support the plan, or view the news release, backgrounder and speech of the launch of the Action Plan and funding announcement, February 13, 2012.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 22, 2008
|Filing date
|Feb 22, 2007
|Priority date
|Jun 12, 2006
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Richard Campbell
|Original Assignee
|Cascade Microtech, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (103), Non-Patent Citations (93), Referenced by (26), Classifications (5), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional App. No. 60/813,120, filed Jun. 12, 2006.
The present invention relates to wafer probing and, more particularly, to probes and test structures for wafer probing with differential signals.
Integrated circuits (ICs) are economically attractive because large numbers of often complex circuits, for example microprocessors, can be inexpensively fabricated on the surface of a wafer or substrate. Following fabrication, individual dies, including one or more circuits, are separated or singulated and encased in a package that provides for electrical connections between the exterior of the package and the circuit on the enclosed die. The separation and packaging of a die comprises a significant portion of the cost of manufacturing the integrated circuit device and to monitor and control the IC fabrication process and avoid the cost of packaging defective dies, manufacturers commonly add electrical circuits or test structures to the wafer to enable on-wafer testing or "probing" to verify the characteristics of the integrated circuits before the dies are singulated.
A test structure typically includes a device-under-test (DUT), a plurality of metallic probe or bond pads that are deposited at the wafer's surface and a plurality of conductive vias that connect the bond pads to the DUT which is typically fabricated beneath the surface of the wafer. The DUT typically comprises a simple circuit that includes a copy of one or more of the basic elements of the integrated circuit, such as a single line of conducting material, a chain of vias or a single transistor. The circuit elements of the DUT are typically produced with the same process and in the same layers of the die as the corresponding elements of the integrated circuit. The ICs are typically characterized "on-wafer" by applying a test instrument generated signal to the test structure and measuring the response of the test structure to the signal. Since the circuit elements of the DUT are fabricated with the same process as the corresponding elements of the integrated circuit, the electrical properties of the DUT are expected to be representative of the electrical properties of the corresponding components of the integrated circuit.
At higher frequencies, on-wafer characterization is commonly performed with a network analyzer. The network analyzer comprises a source of an AC signal, commonly, a radio frequency (RF) signal, that is used to stimulate the DUT of a test structure. A forward-reverse switch directs the stimulating signals to one or more of the bond pads of the test structure. Directional couplers or bridges pick off the forward or reverse waves traveling to or from the test structure. These signals are down-converted by intermediate frequency (IF) sections of the network analyzer where the signals are filtered, amplified and digitized for further processing and display. The result is a plurality of s-parameters (scattering parameters), the ratio of a normalized power wave comprising the response of the DUT to a normalized power wave comprising the stimulus supplied by the signal source.
The preferred interconnection for communicating the signals between the signal source and the receiver of the network analyzer and the test structure is coaxial cable. The transition between the coaxial cable and the bond pads of the test structure is preferably provided by a movable probe having one or more conductive probe tips that are arranged to be co-locatable with the bond pads of the test structure. The network analyzer and the test structure can be temporarily interconnected by bringing the probe tips into contact with the bond pads of the test structure.
Integrated circuits typically comprise a ground plane at the lower surface of the substrate on which the active and passive devices of the circuit are fabricated. The terminals of transistors fabricated on a semi-conductive substrate are typically capacitively interconnected, through the substrate, to the ground plane. The impedance of this parasitic capacitive interconnection is frequency dependent and at higher frequencies the ground potential and the true nature of ground referenced (single ended) signals becomes uncertain.
Balanced devices are more tolerant to poor radio frequency (RF) grounding than single ended devices making them attractive for high performance ICs. Referring to
A DUT comprising a differential gain cell provides a basis for a test structure enabling high frequency, on-wafer evaluation of devices included in the marketable integrated circuits fabricated on the wafer. However, the impedance of the internal connections of the DUT's components are often frequency dependant complicating de-embedding of the DUT and affecting the accuracy of the testing. For example, the input and output of a differential gain cell, such as the differential gain cell 20, are commonly capacitively interconnected as a result of parasitic capacitance connecting the terminals of the cell's transistors. Parasitic capacitance 42 between the gate 38, 40 and the drain 34, 36, a result of diffusion of the drain dopant under the oxide of the gate, is intrinsic and typical of MOS transistors. As a result to the transistor's gain, a change in the gate voltage produces an even larger change in the voltage at the transistor's drain. The application of differing voltages at the terminals of the parasitic gate-to-drain capacitor (Cgd) causes the capacitor to behave as a much larger capacitance, a phenomenon known as the Miller effect. As a result, input impedance of the differential device varies substantially with frequency, producing instability in the operation of the differential device.
What is desired is a method and apparatus for testing a differential device that minimizes or eliminates the Miller effect.
Referring in detail to the drawings where similar parts are identified by like reference numerals, and, more particularly to
However, the response of integrated circuits, including test structures comprising differential gain cells, to high frequency signals is typically frequency dependent. Integrated circuits are fabricated by depositing layers of semi-conductive and insulating materials on a semi-conductive substrate and intrinsic frequency dependent connections commonly exist between the various elements of the fabricated devices. One such intrinsic frequency dependent connection connects the gates and drains of MOS transistors and the bases and collectors of bipolar junction (BJT) transistors. For example, an intrinsic parasitic capacitance (Cgd) interconnects the gate and the drain of a typical MOS transistor because the drain dopant diffuses under the oxide comprising the transistor's gate. As the frequency of the stimulating signal increases, the impedance between gate and drain of the transistor and, therefore, the input impedance of the differential gain cell changes. Moreover, due to the gain of the transistor, any change in voltage at the gate of the transistor is amplified at the drain of the transistor causing the parasitic capacitance (Cgd) to appear to be a much larger capacitor; a phenomenon known as the Miller effect. The inventors realized that the signals conducted by the respective transistors of the differential gain cell are mirror images and concluded that the Miller effect could be minimized or eliminated and the input impedance of a test structure comprising a differential gain cell stabilized connecting the gate of one transistor to the drain of the second transistor with a capacitor having a value equal to the parasitic gate-to-drain capacitance (Cgd).
Referring to
Intrinsic in each transistor 52A, 52B is parasitic capacitance (Cgd) 82A, 82B interconnecting the respective gates and drains which comprise respectively the input terminals and the output terminals of the test structure. As a result of the gain (A) of the transistor, a change in voltage (dV) at the gate of a transistor is amplified at the drain (A*dV) causing the opposing sides of the parasitic capacitance to experience differing voltage. As a result of a phenomenon known as the Miller effect, the parasitic capacitance (Cgd) has the effect of a larger capacitor causing the input impedance of the test structure to vary substantially with frequency. To reduce or eliminate the effect of the parasitic gate-to-drain capacitance and provide a more constant input impedance for the test structure, a compensating capacitor 84A, 84B is connected from the gate of each transistor, for example the gate of transistor 52A, to the drain of the second transistor of the differential gain cell, for example the drain of transistor 52B. The compensating capacitor has a value equal to the value of Cgd. Since the transistors of the differential gain cell are matched and the phase of the differential input signal component Si +1 is 180� from the phase of the differential output signal component So −1, the change in voltage at the drain of a transistor due to the gate-to-drain capacitance, for example, A*dV, is offset by the voltage at the compensating capacitor # (−A*dV) and the input impedance of the test structure remains constant.
Referring to FIG. 3., another exemplary embodiment of a test structure 100 comprises a differential gain cell 102 comprising bipolar junction (BJT) transistors 104A, 104B connected in a common emitter configuration. The bases of the transistors are connected to probe pads 106, 108 that are engageable by probe tips 106, 108 interconnected to a source 126 of a differential signal comprising the component input signals (Si +1 and Si −1). The collectors of the transistors are connected to probe pads 110, 112 which are engageable by probe tips 120, 122 which are interconnected to a sink 128 for the output signal of the differential cell comprising the component signals (So +1 and So −1). The emitters of the matched transistors are interconnected and connected through a probe tip 124, contactable with a bias probe pad 114, to a DC current source 130 that biases the differential gain cell. Each BJT includes parasitic base-to-collector capacitance (Cbc) 132 that comprises a frequency dependent interconnection between an input and an output of the test structure. To counter the Miller effect, a compensating capacitor 134 having a value equal to Cbc interconnects the gate of each of the transistors 104A, 104B respectively to the collector of the other transistor of the differential gain cell.
The compensating capacitors may be fabricated on the wafer as part of the test structure enabling consistent matching to the parasitic capacitance of the transistors. On the other hand, the compensating capacitors may be connected across the respective probe tips arranged to engage the appropriate probe pads. Typically, differential probing is performed with two probes. Referring to
During the fabrication of integrated circuits (ICs) it is desirable to be able to easily determine if transistors included in the integrated circuits are functional. Referring to
The input impedance of a test structure comprising a differential gain cell is stabilized by interconnecting the gate of one transistor and the drain of the second transistor of the differential pair with a capacitor having a value approximating the parasitic gate-to-drain (base-to-collector) capacitance of the device.
The detailed description, above, sets forth numerous specific details to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, and circuitry have not been described in detail to avoid obscuring the present invention.
All the references cited herein are incorporated by reference.
The terms and expressions that have been employed in the foregoing specification are used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention, in the use of such terms and expressions, of excluding equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, it being recognized that the scope of the invention is defined and limited only by the claims that follow.
|Cited Patent
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|U.S. Classification
|324/755.03, 324/755.01
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 22, 2007
Owner name: CASCADE MICROTECH, INC., OREGON
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CAMPBELL, RICHARD L.;REEL/FRAME:019017/0824
Effective date: 20070216
|Mar 5, 2012
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jul 22, 2012
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Sep 11, 2012
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20120722


text:
Angular momentum is a hard concept to teach in introductory physics courses. This is partly because it is a quantity known as a vector that has both a magnitude and a direction, and adding and subtracting and multiplying vectors is more complicated than with scalars, like mass. Other things like force and velocity are also vectors but in those cases the directionality at least is intuitively obvious. The direction of the force vector is in the direction along which the force acts and the direction of the velocity vector is the direction in which the object is moving.
But when it comes to the angular velocity of a rotating object, which is also a vector, the direction of the vector is given by something called the right-hand rule. To visualize this, curl the fingers of your right hand into a fist in the configuration that we call 'thumbs up'. Then orient your hand so that the curling of the four fingers corresponds to the rotational direction of the object. Then the thumb will point in the direction of the angular velocity vector. So the hands of a clock, for example, rotate clockwise (duh!) but the angular velocity vector of the hands points directly into the plane of the face of the clock.
Why this weird system? It is partly a result of necessity and partly a result of convention. But it works extremely well.
Finding the angular momentum is a little more complicated. For an object that is symmetrical about the axis of rotation, which is what I will consider here, the angular momentum vector is parallel to the angular velocity vector. This is true in the case of a wheel rotating about the axle passing though its center.
Things get a little more complicated when we relate the change in angular momentum to the cause of that change, known as the torque. Take a look at this nice demonstration of the relationship between the direction of the torque and that of the change in angular momentum of a spinning wheel.
According to the laws of physics, the direction of the torque has to be in the same direction as the change in the angular momentum. Since a vector has both magnitude and direction, a vector can change just by changing direction without changing its magnitude, and that is what is happening here. The torque is causing the axis of the wheel to rotate. Since the direction of the angular momentum (and of the torque) is not intuitive, the direction of the change in it is even less so. It all works out nicely but it takes a while for students to really grasp it.
I have done a similar version of this demonstration using a spinning wheel and standing on a rotating turntable but I like this better for two reasons.
One is that he uses a motor to spin the wheel to a high rpm producing a much larger angular momentum. The other is that hanging the wheel at one end from the rope makes the direction of the torque easier to visualize and makes the effect more dramatic because it is visually arresting to see a heavy wheel suspended from a cord attached at only one end of the axle remain with its axis horizontal. This only happens if the wheel is spinning and it causes the axis of the wheel to rotate.