text:
Le bel-vant hoff rule
Revision as of 21:16, 3 October 2005 by WikiConvertor (Talk)
Le bel-vant hoff rule
The number of stereoisomers of an organic compound is 2n where n represents the number of asymmetric carbon atoms (unless there is an internal plane of symmetry). A corollary of their simultaneously announced conclusions, in 1874, that the most probable orientation of the bonds of a carbon atom linked to four groups or atoms is toward the apexes of a tetrahedron, and that this accounted for all then-known phenomena of molecular asymmetry (which involved a carbon atom bearing four different atoms or groups).
See: stereoisomerism.
Please contribute to this project, if you have more information about this term feel free to edit this page.


text: I wanted to be like that man on the radio named 'Dick Clark'. He was cool, he knew all the stars and he knew all the songs that ever came out of that little three inch speaker. I just heard, on my little radio in my office that the guy I once aspired to be like on the radio just died. Yes, Dick Clark is dead.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Two shuttle astronauts floated out into space Monday to put more finishing touches on the international space station's newly installed science lab.
Spacewalkers Thomas Jones and Robert Curbeam Jr. were to assist astronaut Marsha Ivins as she used the shuttle's robotic arm to place a docking port at the end of Destiny, space station Alpha's new science laboratory. The port will be where the shuttle docks, or attaches itself, to the station on future missions.
''OK, guys, I think it's a great day to go and do a spacewalk,'' shuttle pilot Mark Polansky told Jones and Curbeam as they floated out.
The port had been moved to a temporary location during the mission's first spacewalk on Saturday, to be out of the way when the Destiny $1.4 billion lab, the newest and priciest addition to the station, was attached to Alpha. On Sunday, space commanders opened the door linking Destiny and the rest of the station.
Before the start of the spacewalk, Ivins grabbed the docking port with the robotic arm and then waited for Jones and Curbeam to exit the shuttle.
The spacewalkers also planned to attach various other equipment and fixtures to the exterior of the lab, including the future connection point for the space station's robotic arm -- due to be brought up in April. The spacewalk was scheduled to last just more than six hours.
At the end of the spacewalk, space station flight controllers were to send Destiny's computers commands to begin spinning four large gyroscopes on Alpha, which will eventually help control attitude, saving station fuel. Testing of the gyroscopes will continue throughout the mission.
If the docking port can't be attached to Destiny, it would halt future space station construction. Another mission would have to be scheduled or the next one in early March would have to be revamped in order to get the docking port connected, flight director Bob Castle said.
A shuttle could dock in the same port Atlantis is using but the lab would be right above the payload bay.
The complex mission has so far proceeded without any major problems.
''I am very pleasantly surprised that it has gone as well as it has,'' Castle said.
Monday's spacewalk was the second of three scheduled for the mission to mount and outfit Destiny -- which is 28 feet long and 14 feet in diameter.
After opening the hatch Sunday, the crews of Atlantis and Alpha installed fire extinguishers and emergency masks and lights in the laboratory. They also hooked up the air-circulation system, cameras and computers. There was no research equipment to set up; the first experiment doesn't arrive until next month.
Destiny's computers and systems will allow NASA to take control of the space station in a month or two. Up until now, the two Russian pieces of Alpha provided the life support and commanding capability.
The lab also gives station commander Bill Shepherd and his two Russian crewmates more room to work in and live. They have been aboard Alpha since Nov. 2. The addition of Destiny makes Alpha the largest orbiting outpost ever in terms of habitable volume.
© 2017. All Rights Reserved. Contact Us


text:
BRUBAKER-L ArchivesArchiver > BRUBAKER > 2003-06 > 1056687505
Subject: Re: [BRUBAKER] Brubaker - Porter. KS to Huntington Park, CA bef. 1947
Date: Fri, 27 Jun 2003 00:18:48 EDT
Thank you for sending this information. As far as I know, this is not the
same Brubaker that I am searching for. They are from Logan County, Ohio.
This thread:


text: Dear Bailey! How I wish I could jump through my computer screen and cover that precious face of yours with tons of kisses! Oh, what a gentle, loving expression on that sweet, sweet face of yours! You have stolen my heart today, dear one!!! And what a brave girl! Silly humans, calling Donkey's stubborn! You're as smart as they come, using your keen insight and judgement to gauge what and what isn't dangerous!!! Good job! Still, you seem to have a great sense of adventure!! I'll bet you are VERY, VERY loved by all who meet you! How could they resist such a beautiful, gentle soul?? And how the spectators must have smiled that day at the sight of the beautiful Bailey cheering on her human pal from the sidelines!!! Way to go Bailey! I am so happy to congratulate you beautiful, sweet, brave and gentle Bailey as we honor you with our coveted Pet of the Day award!! Have your Mommy give you a big, big hug from me, ok?? Yea, for Bailey, Pet of the Day! May you be blessed with a very long and healthy life!!!


text:
Breeders are the utimate pragmatists
Why it's left to the singleton to carry the torch of romantic idealism
Popular platitude has it that the conjoined are life's romantics: prepared to take a leap for love, yada f***ing yada. This is nothing if not naive. The conjoined are merely individuals prepared to renounce romantic idealism for the pragmatism of an institution. Lone rangers are the true romantics, albeit that – if they have any sense – they make a pretty good fist of concealing it under the obligatory veil of cynicism.
The single know that it is the quest that holds the meaning, never the ostensible goal, and choose to keep questing. The conjoined are hard-nosed sorts, altogether more willing to compromise. They make practical decisions based on rational beliefs: "We could build a life together." "We share the same goals." "I do not…


text:
Scottish Training in Anthropological Research
Founded in 2006 the Scottish Training in Anthropological Research (STAR) consortium brings together social anthropologists from the Universities of Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Glasgow and St Andrews to support innovation in research and teaching.
In addition to co-hosting international conferences and workshops the consortium runs residential training courses in anthropology for postgraduate students and early career researchers, with support from the UK's Economic and Social Research Council.
STAR Network Event
Anthropology: Beyond the human?
Monday 19th October 2015
For further information click here


text:
It could have the grunt needed if it were maybe a 16-core A15 CPU maybe. Could be custom built. Though I doubt they will be going ARM. A true 16-core processor, here ARM, just sounds stupid imo if that does end up happening.
It being a PowerPC by IBM chip is most likely imo. All 3 current systems are PowerPC based with IBM involvement and the Wii U is PowerPC based.


text:
A little over a year ago I decided to go with "Dear My Love" as my shop and blog name. I chose it because I love the song of the same title by Miyavi, and because I thought it sounded cute, but not sickly cute. I make Japanese fashion inspired jewelry and am working on my own line of skirts and JSKs. Sweet lolita, fairy kei, decora... that kind of stuff.
A little over two weeks ago I officially opened my shop on Storenvy after a year of "eh" sales on Etsy... and have been promoting the hell out of it. Every day I'm posting a different product on tumblr and linking back, I've been uploading new stuff on my DeviantArt and linking to my store, I've been pinning business cards on community boards around town... I've just been really happy with it all. I love the name, I love my logo, I just love it.
It recently came to my attention, simply just from browsing Tumblr, that a company that makes lolita/cutsey clothes in Japan has the same name... they even use a heart for the O in Love like I used to in the first version of my logo. They're not big, and it's hard to find a way to buy from them... but they're there.
I did actually do a fair amount of looking around before I chose the name to make sure there were no other etsy/storenvy shops or active blogs with the same name, and somehow I just completely missed this brand in my searches.
Part of me doesn't want to change my name after all the work I've put into all this, and I feel super dumb changing everything mere weeks after opening... and part of me is insanely guilty for not changing my name immediately upon discovery of this more established brand.
I don't want customers to think I'm mooching off of original Dear My Love's name, since they're geared towards the same people I am... But then I google "dear my love" and "dear my love clothing" and my blog and shop still appear on Google's first page of results.
I'm really at a loss of what to do. The morally correct thing to do would be to change the name, right? But I don't even know where to start. I guess it's good I caught it now while I don't have a ton of people knowing me by this name... but at the same time, it seems stupid to be like "Hahaha guys, just kidding. That's not my name!".
Help? Point me in some sort of direction?


text:
Froome crashes at Tour de France but continues
Le Touquet (France) (AFP) - Reigning champion Chris Froome suffered an early crash on Thursday's fourth stage of the Tour de France but was able to carry on.
The 29-year-old Briton was knocked over after two riders touched in the peloton and one swerved into him.
Television pictures then showed the Team Sky leader with ripped shorts, grazes on his elbow and leg down the left side, while he was seen grabbing his left wrist after he got up.
He dropped back to the medical car for treatment.
Race doctor Florence Pommerie told France Televisions that the champion's wounds were superficial.
"They're essentially a few scratches, but that's got to hurt nevertheless. He also hurt his wrist, but we'll have to wait and see how it goes," he said.
Froome's left thigh was strapped up and he was given a bandage for his right hand, while he was later seen flexing his left hand as well.
The crash took down several other riders, including Dutch outsider for the overall victory Bauke Mollema of Belkin.
Last month Froome also fell on his left-hand side at the Criterium du Dauphine.
He had been leading that race until the sixth stage crash.
He lost the lead to Alberto Contador the very next day and then cracked on the eighth and final stage, finishing more than five minutes behind the winner and dropping to 11th in the overall standings behind American champion Andrew Talansky.
It's been a tricky year for Froome who also suffered a lower back problem earlier in the year that forced him out of March's Tirreno-Adriatico race while illness kept him out of the Liege-Bastogne-Liege Ardennes Classic in April.


text:
RE: [jasspa] MinGW Makefile
Expand Messages
- Size was the wrong choice of words on my part.
While size is of some importance to me, complexity is what I fear most.
My true interest is the feature/complexity ratio. Maximizing features while minimizing complexity.
My "request for input" was concerning a project which will be very separate from ME.
Begining with a small editor such as ME or http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemacs or http://biew.sf.net or http://hte.sf.net
The vision is to pull the OS back through the editor so you never need to leave your favorite environment. Use a compiled language (set up as JIT) and cache the compiled images to achieve high performance. What I'm suggesting is certainly not new*. Just another shot at it.
PS: Sorry if I'm causing grief here. Just ignore me if so.
* Programming Languages as Operating Systems (or, Revenge of the Son of the Lisp Machine) Matthew Flatt and Robert Bruce Findler and Shriram Krishnamurthi and Matthias Felleisen. http://www.ccs.neu.edu/scheme/pubs/icfp99-ffkf.pdf
-----Original Message-----
From: p.de.reus@... [mailto:p.de.reus@...]
Sent: Mon 11/15/2004 2:14 AM
To: email@example.com
Subject: Re: [jasspa] MinGW Makefile
Hi Patrick,
I've discovered a flaw in your reasoning:
BTW: I'm a many year GnuEmacs user, but jasspa interest me for
many reasons - size being the first.
Hoping to integrate a lisp or python jit compiler, eventually
audio and video editing, and 3d modeling and simulation etc.
If you like the size of ME, it helps to focus on text editing only ;=)
Just my 5c
Deze e-mail is uitsluitend bestemd voor de geadresseerde(n).
Verstrekking aan en gebruik door anderen is niet toegestaan.
Falcon Leven N.V. sluit iedere aansprakelijkheid uit die
voortvloeit uit elektronische verzending.
This e-mail is intended exclusively for the addressee(s),
and may not be passed on to, or made available for use
by any person other than the addressee(s).
Falcon Leven N.V. rules out any and every liability
resulting from any electronic transmission.
Your message has been successfully submitted and would be delivered to recipients shortly.


text:
After report, Suffolk lawmaker returns raise
One of seven Suffolk County legislators who voted last year to create a voluntary wage freeze program but took their raise anyway is giving the money back.
Legis. Sarah Anker (D-Mount Sinai) said Tuesday that she has arranged to return to the comptroller's office the difference between her 2012 and 2013 salaries that she has already received: about $776, she said. For the rest of this year, Anker will now be paid at the 2012 rate for legislators, which comes to $93,958 over the full year.
She had been receiving pay that would have totaled $96,570 by year's end.
Anker's action comes a little more than a week after Newsday reported the discrepancy between some of the legislators' votes and actions.
Twelve lawmakers had voted in June 2012 to allow county elected officials to decline their annual cost-of-living raises this year — a largely symbolic measure because they already had that power. The vote came as Suffolk faced a projected $530 million deficit and layoffs of 300 rank-and-file workers.
But of the 12, only five turned down the automatic 2.8 percent increase due them in January, according to the comptroller's and legislative clerk's offices.
Some of the seven lawmakers who supported creating the voluntary program, but still accepted raises, defended their actions by saying that they'd already deferred pay as part of another program — and that their vote was mostly meant to spur unionized county workers to accept a wage freeze. When the workers did not follow suit, some of the lawmakers said they thought it was appropriate to collect the automatic cost-of-living increases, as many other county officials did.
Anker, however, said in the original story that her lack of participation in the wage freeze program was an oversight, and that she would try to rectify it.


text:
Bernie is going to give us free college and solve global warming.
Via WKBD:
Presidential candidate Bernie Sanders spoke to a crowd of more than 10,000 supporters on Monday afternoon on the campus of Eastern Michigan University.
The Democratic presidential hopeful took the stage at the EMU Convocation Center. Sanders reiterated his push for student loans to have the lowest possible interest rates while having Wall Street speculators pay for many of his ideas to help students and the middle class.
"After Wall Street crashed the economy, they came begging to the United States Congress, they said 'yes, we were bad boys — bail us out,'" Sanders said. "And the middle class bailed them out. Now it is Wall Street's time to help the middle class."
Sanders said under his legislation, students will be able to refinance their student loans and debt at the lowest interest rates they can find.
"How insane is it that we are punishing people for decades?" Sanders said. "I've talked to people who've been paying off student debt for 25 years. [They're] more in debt today than when they took it out 25 years ago."
Sanders said he's going to work to raise the minimum wage to $15 an hour and guaranteed to give new mothers three months paid leave.
"It is not only the need to create millions of jobs by rebuilding our crumbling infrastructure," Sanders said. "Flint, Michigan may be the worst example of a collapsing infrastructure, but it is not the only example.


text:
A lot is made about a team's Opening Day roster but the fact is that a big league roster is a work in progress throughout a 162-game schedule. And this season could feature more roster changes for the Cubs than in years past.
The Cubs filled out their 40-man big league roster prior to Thursday's opener against the Nationals. Marcos Mateo was placed on the 60-day DL with a sore right elbow and John Gaub was claimed off waivers by the Tampa Bay Rays. The move of Mateo and the loss of Gaub opened up the two spots necessary to purchase the contracts of Shawn Camp, Joe Mather and Blake DeWitt from Triple-A Iowa. With the addition of the three players, the Cubs 40-man roster stands with 40 players.
Here's a look at the other transactions made by the Cubs on Thursday, as well as the Iowa Cubs Opening Day roster and how Dave Bialas' team fared in the first game of the season …
Triple-A – Iowa Cubs
The I-Cubs Opening Day roster was set late Thursday after the big league team made their final decisions. The name that is missing from the rosters of top four teams in the Cubs' system is Junior Lake. Lake is currently not listed on a minor league roster and the Cubs have not updated his status. According to a report from the I-Cubs television broadcast, Junior Lake is dealing with back issues.
Iowa Cubs 2012 Opening Day Roster
Jeff Beliveau, LHP
Casey Coleman, RHP
Manny Corpas, RHP
Frankie De La Cruz, RHP
Jay Jackson, RHP
Rodrigo Lopez, RHP
Scott Maine, LHP
Blake Parker, RHP
Nate Robertson, LHP
Ryan Rowland-Smith, LHP
Chris Rusin, LHP
Randy Wells, RHP
Travis Wood, LHP
The Iowa Cubs starting rotation: Randy Wells, Casey Coleman, Travis Wood, Jay Jackson and Chris Rusin
Welington Castillo
Blake Lalli
Alfredo Amezaga
Adrian Cardenas
Edgar Gonzalez
Anthony Rizzo
Matt Tolbert
Josh Vitters
Tony Campana
Brett Jackson
Dave Sappelt
Ty Wright
The Iowa Cubs beat the Round Rock Express (Texas Rangers) 5-3 on Opening Night. Randy Wells made the first start of the season for Iowa with mixed results. Wells gave up only two hits but both left the park. Wells left after six innings and allowed three runs on two hits (two home runs) with three walks and two strikeouts.
Manny Corpas pitched two scoreless innings in his I-Cubs debut and allowed just one hit.
The I-Cubs' offense was very good, there is a lot of athleticism on the I-Cubs' Opening Day roster. It was nice listening to players in the Cubs' system stealing bags, going from first to third on a consistent basis and making diving catches in the outfield and infield.
Here are a few of the results offensively and a couple of defensive notes from the first game of the I-Cubs season.
Brett Jackson – 2-for-4 with two RBI, walk, stolen base, run – Jackson made a diving catch in center early in the game that kept Wells from having two on ahead of the two-run homer he allowed.
Anthony Rizzo – 2-for-4 with a RBI and a stolen base. Rizzo not only hit and ran the bases well but he took away two hits with diving catches and on the night he had 12 chances, nine for putouts.
Tony Campana – 2-for-4 with a RBI, stolen base and two runs scored
Welington Castillo – 0-for-2, two HBP. Castillo was tagged with catcher's interference in the eighth but also threw a perfect strike to Adrian Cardenas to nail a runner at second in the fourth.
Dave Sappelt went 1-for-4 with a double and a run scored and Josh Vitters, hitting out of the eighth spot in Dave Bialas' lineup, was 1-for-3 with a walk and a run scored in his first game at the Triple-A level.
- Peoria Chiefs Opening Day Roster
- Daytona Cubs Opening Day Roster
- Tennessee Smokies Opening Day Roster
The CCO's Down on the Farm Report returns to a bi-weekly schedule beginning Monday.
Follow ChicagoCubsOnline on Twitter: @TheCCO


text:
Release Notes: This version can now also work as a Mozilla SideBar.
The cursor changes when the rendering takes longer to
render the search results. The code has been slightly
refactored to promote reuse.
Release Notes:
A tool to tell you about new episodes of your favourite TV shows.
A modern software IP load balancer.


text:
Health Centers
Health Forums
Ask a Doctor
Sign Up
Email or Display Name
Remember Me
Forgot your password?
Medical Questions
Conditions and Diseases
Foot Disorders Forum
foot problems
Must Read
Plantar warts
We answer the questions: What is a wart? How do warts spread? What types of warts can you get? More basic facts on warts and plantar warts here....
Read more >>
Plantar Warts Causes and Risk Factors
What causes warts and in particular, plantar warts? And are adults or children more at risk of getting them. More on risks and causes here....
Read more >>
Plantar Warts Symptoms
Do you know how to spot a wart? Learn the signs and symptoms of warts located on the feet, plus when you should seek medical help for a plantar wart....
Read more >>
Conditions and Diseases
Ulcers and foot burn
tooth and right foot
Pain moving around foot
Foot Disorders
Hot senstation on right foot
Charcot foot
Unexplained bruise on the sole of my foo...
Related Topics
Tumor on foot - malignant ?
Tumor on foot
18 , 95 , 5 foot 2 , problem
March 21st, 2011
I thought I had calluses on my heel, I've try everything to get rid of it, but I noticed everytime I take a shower, bath, swimming pool my heels, big toe, and outer bottom of foot turns white, Ater it dries, it shows dark spots on these areas. I am not diabetic. Also nails are discolored, hard and brittle. Have been to dr. but they prescribed betamethasone dipropionate which did nothing. Could you give me a clue of what I might bedealing with.
Did you find this post helpful?
You marked this post as helpful!
I changed my mind
replied April 10th, 2011
Extremely eHealthy
Here are some excellent resources on eHealthForum which may help you:
Diabetic related skin ulcers
I'm diabetic : why does toe prick like pins & needles ?
diabetic tests
diabetic healing after knee injury
Diabetic shock - what if nobodys there to help?
Media Warning about Pfizer's Tygacil Is another Example of Poor Science Reporting
Plantar warts
Did you find this post helpful?
You marked this post as helpful!
I changed my mind
betamethasone dipropionate
bath a
Quick Reply
Sign up for FREE weekly health tips!
Do you live in Canada?
Sign up here.
Ask a doctor
Type your medical question here
Featured Experts
Shafi Ullah Khan
Internal Medicine
Suleman Muhammad
Cardiology, General and Family Medicine
eHealthPedia Articles
Plantar Warts Causes and Risk Factors
Plantar Warts Diagnosis
Plantar warts
Plantar Warts Symptoms
Plantar Warts Treatment
Search eHealthForum for
Learn About Us
Contact Us
About Us
Advertise With Us
Privacy Policy
Cookie Policy
Terms of Use
Get Help
Ask a Doctor
Getting Started
Join In
Sign Up
Find People
Free Medical Forms
Community Guidelines
Do More
Become an Expert
Become a Partner
RSS Feeds
I've been using this website for a month or two now, and I just want to say it's helped me learn so much. All the posts and topics on here have been a great help to me. - Conor
The site is not a replacement for professional medical opinion, examination, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your medical doctor or other qualified health professional before starting any new treatment or making any changes to existing treatment. Do not delay seeking or disregard medical advice based on information written by any author on this site. No
health questions
and information on eHealth Forum is regulated or evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and therefore the information should not be used to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease without the supervision of a medical doctor. Posts made to these forums express the views and opinions of the author, and not the administrators, moderators, or editorial staff and hence eHealth Forum and its principals will accept no liabilities or responsibilities for the statements made.
Health Disclaimer
This page was last updated on Nov 17, 2017.
© 2017 eHealthForum.com


text:
Ink for Tajima Ink-Rite Snap Line
Contains 6 oz. of ink for use in the Tajima Ink-Rite Snap Line or in traditional sumitsubos. Indelible marks dry quickly on exterior work or on light colored woods. Comes in an easy pour bottle. Will permanently stain clothes.
Red ink (actually closer to orange) is used for interior work or for use on dark woods. Black ink is used for exterior work or for use on lighter woods.
Notice to residents of California: Please read our Proposition 65 warning.


text:
New Super Mario Bros. Wii
Developers at Nintendo have dreamed of creating a simultaneous multiplayer Super Mario Bros. game for decades. The Wii console finally makes that dream come true for everyone this holiday season. Now players can navigate the side-scrolling worlds alone as before or invite up to three others to join them at the same time on the same level at any point in the game for competitive and cooperative multiplayer fun in New Super Mario Bros. Wii. With the multiplayer mode, the newest installment of the most popular video game franchise is designed to bring yet another type of family entertainment into living rooms and engage groups of friends in fast-paced Super Mario Bros. fun.
If you're stuck in New Super Mario Bros. Wii, ask your fellow GameFAQs members for help.
Game News
- New Super Mario Bros. Wii Hits 10 Million Sales in USUpdated Nov 21, 2014
- Nintendo cuts price on New Super Mario Bros. WiiUpdated Sep 6, 2013
- Super Mario 3D Land sells 5 million, Skyward Sword 3.4 million Updated Jan 27, 2012
- Miyamoto planning 'retirement' - ReportUpdated Dec 7, 2011
Game List Statistics
Now Playing
562 Users
Wish List
367 Users
Hot List
156 Users


text:
Title Mike Birbiglia: Thank God for Jokes (2017) Full Movie Watch Online Releasing 28 February 2017 Generes Comedy Director Seth Barrish, Mike Birbiglia Stars Mike Birbiglia Description By IMDb: N/A…
When becoming members of the site, you could use the full range of functions and enjoy the most exciting films.
Watch HD Movies Online For Free and Download the latest movies. For everybody, everywhere, everydevice, and everything ;)
We will send a new password to your email. Please fill your email to form below.


text:
Omni Links and Dependency Manager
Posted by Lacy Paschal on Tuesday, February 7, 2012 in Info, Omni Tutorial.
We have enabled Dependency Manager on all OmniUpdate managed websites. What does this mean for you?
When you insert (or update) a link into a page in omni you will notice something a little different. Links will look like {{f:242}} for a file or page, and {{d:445}} for a directory. These are called dependency tags.
(Please note: only files/pages maintained inside of omni will have this appearance. External links will remain http://www.whateveryourlinkis.com)
Since you can't tell what is being linked to just by looking at this tag, Omni has included the actual path right below the dependency tag (as seen below).
Smarter Updating
The benefits of the dependency manager kick in when you rename or move a file or directory. When this occurs you will get a prompt saying all other pages containing a link to this file or directory will be republished. Click OK and those pages will be updated with the new path.
Previously, if you had renamed a page, and that page was linked to from 35 different pages of your website, you would then need to manually go back and fix each link individually to reflect the new filename or path.
Now when you move or rename a page, omni "knows" that page has been renamed and will automatically update the links to the new path and republish all of those pages in one step.
Tags: omni


text:
Sony's created some iconic gadgets from the Walkman to the PlayStation. But not everything launched by the consumer electronics manufacturer is a success. Here's 10 products that didn't quite make it.
Since its founding in 1946, Sony has produced some of the biggest hits in consumer electronics.
Brand names such as Walkman, Handycam and Trinitron helped define the company as a giant in the industry and more recent hits such as Cybershot, Vaio, Bravia and PlayStation have helped keep it there.
But no success story is failure-free. Let's take a look back at some Sony products that didn't win consumers' hearts and minds.
Sony Aibo
Sony's cute Aibo robot dogs, created by its Digital Creatures Laboratory and introduced in 1999, could move in a somewhat stilted fashion as far as their batteries would allow. They could express happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, and dislike - and deep-pocketed consumers snapped them up despite a sadness-, anger-, surprise-, fear-, and dislike-inducing $2,500 (£1,500) price tag. Aibo pooches continue to be loved by their owners today, but the price barrier prevented these robo-pets from going mainstream and conquering the world. Sony ended the project following a recent corporate restructuring.Sony
Sony Vaio MusicClip
Sony created the portable audio market in 1979 when it launched the Walkman brand. Then Sony beat Apple to market in digital music by two years -but its first products bombed. The company's biggest misstep was its reliance on ATRAC, a proprietary file format used with Sony's MiniDisc. After 2000, digital music was all about file-sharing, and it was all MP3. Couple that mismatch with confusion within Sony - its VAIO PC division brought out products (including the MusicClip) that competed with Walkman digital players - and Sony set itself up for a stumble.
Sony e-Villa
In 2001, many companies were betting on internet appliances - dedicated terminals for accessing the net and browsing the Web. Sony's eVilla was just such a product. With a built-in 15in CRT monitor and a 56kbps dial-up modem, it was designed to provide access to email and to the web. But it launched just as many competitors were giving up on the market and as many consumers were deciding to buy new PCs for Windows XP. Less than three months after the product went on sale, Sony pulled the eVilla.
Ten years before people began gushing about watching TV on the iPad, there was Sony's Airboard. The tablet device had a 10in screen and connected via Wi-Fi to a base station that included an internet connection and TV tuner. Users also enjoyed access to the web and to email. They could even multitask, thanks to a picture-in-picture TV function. But the Airboard never achieved mass penetration, and many people mistakenly considered it nothing more than an expensive portable TV.
NEXT PAGE: Qualia


text:
GOAT defensive players?
View Single Post
the Sho Kosugi of ISH
Join Date: Feb 2011
Location: -dallas, texas-
Posts: 11,226
Re: GOAT defensive players?
eh, IMO it isn't that important, I don't think any GM has ever drafted or NOT drafted a CB based on the type of tackler they are...I don't remember anyone bringing up what kind of tackler Claiborne was when he was drafted...or any other CB for that matter.
if it was THAT important we would see LB sized players at CB lol
A CB's tackling ability is about as important as a WR's blocking ability...sometimes a WR missing a block will cost a big play (just like a CB missing a tackle) but no one ever ranks WRs based on blocking or views it as one of their main traits or drafts a WR because he can block good...eh, really even that is a bad comparison because some outside runs are reliant on the WR blocking but there is no defense that is reliant on the CBs tackling RBs....it's always LBs first, even on an all out blitz the LBs should pick up the tackle first.
If we had a nation wide poll of who the greatest CB of all time was I am betting Deion (the poor tackler) would win said poll...why? because coverage skills are THAT much more important for a CB in comparsion for tackling.
Last edited by -p.tiddy- : 01-10-2013 at
View Public Profile
Find More Posts by -p.tiddy-


text:
Posted by Chau Tu
For Marketplace, Tuesday, August 30, 2011
Consumer confidence numbers are low again, and aren't encouraging for the economy. The Obama administration says it's putting its focus back on jobs. Facing higher energy standards from the government, BMW is bringing back four-cylinder engines to the U.S. DC Comics is rebooting its line of comics tomorrow. News Corp's school comes under fire, a result of its hacking scandal. Tess Vigeland spoke with the Wall Street Journal's Margaret Coker about how technology firms helped Muammar Gaddafi track the online activity of Libyan citizens. And we continued our series on the military's efforts to change their energy use. Here are the songs we played:


text:
The Orioles made it out of Fenway Park with a split of a four-game series. Now, they've got to figure out a way to win at Rogers Centre, where they've lost every season series since 2005.
Remember when they went 1-8 in 2009 and 0-9 in 2010? Good times.
The Orioles have won the last two season series against the Blue Jays, going 10-9 last year. So, they have that going for them, which is nice.
Knuckleballer R.A. Dickey presents a special challenge tonight, but he's 1-3 with a 6.26 ERA in four starts over 23 innings. His three losses this season are tied for the most in the American League with Ubaldo Jimenez, the Astros' Lucas Harrell and Brett Oberholtzer, and the Angels' Hector Santiago. His 15 walks lead the league and are one behind the Phillies' A.J. Burnett.
Dickey's career 5.02 ERA in March/April is his highest for any month.
Dickey is 2-4 with a 4.67 ERA in 10 career games (seven starts) versus the Orioles. He was 0-2 with a 7.71 ERA in three starts last season.
Chris Davis, who destroys Toronto pitching, is 5-for-18 with two doubles and a homer against Dickey. J.J. Hardy, who didn't play yesterday while recovering from a strained right hamstring, is 5-for-15 with a double and homer. Delmon Young is 3-for-9 with a homer.
Steve Lombardozzi is 2-for-14 against Dickey. Does he get the start at second base?
Miguel Gonzalez is 4-2 with a 3.00 ERA in eight games (seven starts) against the Blue Jays, and 1-2 with a 3.54 ERA in five games (four starts) at Rogers Centre.
Adam Lind is 8-for-16 against Gonzalez, but he's on the disabled list.
Edwin Encarnacion is 2-for-17, Brett Lawrie is 2-for-16, Colby Rasmus is 1-for-12 with six strikeouts, Jose Bautista is 2-for-9 and Melky Cabrera is 1-for-7. Combined, that's... not good.
Both of Encarnacion's hits, however, are home runs.
Did you catch this item from Elias? Nelson Cruz became only the second Orioles player to drive in runs in every game of a series of four or more games at Fenway Park. The first was Brooks Robinson in June 1966.
No kidding.
Several players did so for Baltimore's predecessors, the St. Louis Browns: Baby Doll Jacobson in 1920, Wally Gerber in 1923 (five games) and Bruce Campbell in 1932.
Show of hands if you remember Baby Doll Jacobson. I'm at a loss.
Shameless plug alert: I'm doing a phone interview on "The Mid-Atlantic Sports Report" at 6:15 p.m. on MASN. Will be talking about Jonathan Schoop's adjustment to third base.


text:
Contact Local Visitor Centre
The Abrolhos Islands and their surrounding coral reef communities form one of Western Australia's unique marine areas.
Visit the turquoise and cobalt blue waters of the Abrolhos Islands with Eco Abrolhos.
Take in the beauty of the Abrolhos Islands from above by boarding a scenic flight. From the air the coral reefs and islands form a stunning abstract of the most incredible range of greens and blues. On clear days you can also spot whales and dolphins from the air and during the lobster season, you're sure to see some of the magnificent vessels which make up the lobster fishing fleet. Geraldton Air Charters and Shine Aviation offer scenic flights to the Abrolhos Islands.
Check options to show on the map:


text:
Esther Birney
Esther Birney, 90, of Washington, Iowa passed away peacefully Tuesday, March 5, 2013, at Halcyon House following a decline in health over the past few years.
Funeral services will be held 2:00 p.m. Saturday, March 9, 2013, at the United Methodist Church with Ilene Schnicker officiating. General calling hours will be held at the Jones & Eden Funeral Home from noon until 5:00 p.m. Friday. Visitation will be held from noon until 2:00 p.m. Saturday at the United Methodist Church where the family will be present to receive friends from 1:00 until 2:00 p.m. Burial will take place at the Elm Grove Cemetery. Memorials may be directed to the United Methodist Church, the Halcyon House Good Samaritan Fund, or Washington County 4-H. Online condolences may be sent for Esther's family through the web at www.jonesfh.com.


text:
A good friend gave me a set of moose antlers that were found in his grandmother's attic. It has 20 points, ten on each side, but I don't know how to accurately measure them. Could someone explain this to me? Also, they are very dusty what is the safe way to clean them?
Thank You!
Return to Beginners Category Menu
It is safe to clean them. just wash them off with soap and water.
You will find all the scoring info you need here. http://www.boone-crockett.org/
http://www.boone-crockett.org/bgRecords/bc_scoring_moose.asp?area=bgRecords&type=Moose go here.
When measuring the greatest spread, or length and width of each palm, the rack is measured upside down. A long piece of masking tape running parallel to the inside edge of the palm will aid in measuring their length and width. The points will be counted, but not measured. The last 2 posts gave you the website that will have score sheets for you to follow. These were just some things to keep in mind while measuring it. If for some reason you believe this rack should be officially measured you will need to know where it came from, so that it it can be classified as to what kind of moose it is. One final note worth mentioning is, that the B&C club is the oldest conservation organization and many of the animals we have today is because of their efforts when it was started back in 1877 by Theodore Roosevelt.


text:
Composers need a lot of things in order to be successful, including good ears for sound, plentiful performance opportunities, and above all imagination. But what we also need is stuff, and lots of it; and as another poster on this site recently alluded to, those supplies can be pretty expensive. With such a diversity of needs (and budgets) among composers working today, it would be misleading—if not outright pernicious—to suggest that there is some kind of cookie-cutter checklist that would work for everyone.
So maybe the best way to begin involves separating one's composerly expenditures into categories. To give an example, my own list would be approximately as follows; keep in mind that my main needs as a composer involve being able to print and distribute notated music, so a composer who isn't primarily working in a notated medium would likely have a very different list. In any case, I find that I have three main categories of expenditures.
Binding Machine
Paper Slicer
Assorted Papers
Mailing Envelopes
CDs and Packaging
Paper Clips, etc.
Services and Other Expenses:
Professional Dues
Software and Updates
Copy Shop
This list is pretty bare-bones, but already there are several high-price items on it. Notice that many of the durables could be replaced by patronizing your local copy shop; on the other hand, if you can make a few calculated investments in equipment you might never need to go to that copy shop again. If you live down the block from a reliable store and don't have to print on demand terribly frequently, it may be in your short-term interest to take your business there. But on the long term it's really worth it to get away from the two biggest copy shop money pits: large format papers and binding. In my experience, it is these two areas where big chain stores like Stinkos will usually gouge the consumer the most. It's for this reason that I encourage any composer who can afford a latte every morning to seriously consider investing in a home print shop. So now let's look at how much of an investment this might amount to.
Printing. Many composers already own a printer, but not one that can handle the sizes or thicknesses of paper that the job demands; so that means paying for the copy shop and the printer. These days, the most inexpensive HP laserjets that will accept 11 x 17 run for about $1,500 retail, and these would be almost ridiculously adequate for any job your home print shop could serve up. That's pretty steep, but there are now some cheaper laserjets that handle 11 x 17 (check out Brother's all-in-ones, which print large format for under $300). Especially with discount and auction websites, having a quality printer at home doesn't have to feel out of reach.
Binding. I would recommend investing in a coil binding system, which is far superior to the similar comb binding option; the coils are dirt cheap and after a while you'll be amazed you ever paid someone two bucks a pop to do it in the store. Importantly, make sure the machine has open ends, sometimes only available on the mid- and higher-priced models; this ensures that you will be able to bind large format scores. To my knowledge, the cheapest models to offer this feature retail at just under $300.
Paper Slicer. This is the cheapest, most easily-obtainable device that many people overlook, and at only a $25 to $50 investment it would be a crime not to own one.
Translation: it's possible to have a very functional home print shop for well under $1000. That figure may still seem large to some, but it's not something that has to be purchased all at once. Being freed from the copy shop will save a lot of time, hassle, and eventually, money—in fact, I estimate that in my case it only took a little over two years to recoup the costs of my new equipment, whereas I still would have been shelling out an exorbitant fee at the copy shop without anything to show for it except for a stack of blotchy scores that may or may not have been bound correctly.
While this post is merely an overview, I hope it points those who are looking to invest in their own copy equipment in the right direction. While patronizing a copy shop is often a necessity, if you are in a position to make a solid investment in your future as a composer don't hesitate to take the plunge.
Lastly, if spending even 200 dollars on a printer is out of the question (I know it was for me when I was a student), why not go in with some friends? For students especially, not having to worry about business hours can be a great help, and getting together with some colleagues for a music-prep party sure beats braving most every copy shop I've ever been inside of!


text:
UN peacekeeper killed in DarfurListen /
The United Nations-African Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) is investigating an incident in which one of its peacekeepers was killed and two injured on Friday.
UNAMID says that unidentified assailants shot the peacekeepers at their team site near Muhajeria town in East Darfur.
The mission is working in coordination with the government of Sudan to ensure that the perpetrators are brought to justice.
UNAMID stresses that any attack on international peacekeepers is a crime under international law.
The town of Muhajeria has been a scene of fighting recently between Sudanese government forces and armed rebels.
Gerry Adams, United Nations.
Duration: 41″


text: Don't shoot me... The last exchange with Andrew Bromage made me recall a homework which was given to some students by a particularly nasty teacher I happen to know. The question is to generate the whole infinite Rabbit Sequence in one shot (co-recursive, selbstverständlich). The Rabbit Sequence: 1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,... may be obtained in two ways. A. 1. Begin with one *young* rabbit: 0. 2. In one unit of time a young rabbit grows, becomes *old*: 1. 3. In one unit of time an old rabbit has an offspring, transmutes into [1,0] (Yes, the rewriting order is meaningful). The evelution continues... So, after three units we have: 1 0 1. After four: 10110. Then 10110101. Etc. B. The n-th instance fulfils the recurrence rs 0 = [0] rs 1 = [1] rs n = rs (n-1) ++ rs (n-2) === That's it, you see now what is the relation between the Rabbit Sequence and Fibonacci. This nasty acquaintance of mine asked the students to write down a simple procedure which generates the sequence after the infinite number of units of time. Of course, any finite prefix of it. The pedagogical result was a disaster. Some students began to work, but then the teacher went crazy and demanded the solution (in Haskell) as a one-liner. Just one line, and standard Prelude functions, nothing more. So, the students thought that if it is a one liner, it must be stupid, and abandoned this exercise. Would somebody try to solve it, before I unveil the solution? It isn't difficult. Jerzy Karczmarczuk


text: Other reviews hit the nail on the head. Not a bad spot for a stay if you just want quiet walks, pool, watch ocean activities. When I arrived the room was too hot so I asked for an upgrade. Was told none of the rooms have A/C so stayed with the room given. ( Was told most places in the... More


text:
Asus Announces Padfone, a Smartphone-Tablet Combo
Article Comments
Is there a price on this yet.
If there is I missed it.
This forum is closed.
printed November 18, 2017
See this page online at:
Article Comments
This forum is closed.
All content Copyright 2001-2017 Phone Factor, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Content on this site may not be copied or republished without formal permission.
By registering, you agree to our Terms of Use.
We value your privacy and will never share your email address. (full privacy policy)


text:
so much of parenting is under a microscope: vaccinate, don't vaccinate; circumcise, don't circumcise; juice, no juice; breast milk vs formula; bucket seats vs slings, cosleeping, high fructose corn syrup, spanking, and on and on and on and on. the bright side is that awesome information is being shared, parents are doing research, getting informed! but the dark side is the judgment {mostly from other parents} for each and every choice we make.
each of us comes to a unique solution for our family and we feel strongly about those choices– and so we should! i hope that every one of us feels passionately about the choices we've made. if nothing else it shows that we love our kids enough to care, to really really care about the decisions we're making for them. the crossover to the dark side happens when we take those strong stances and push them onto other people's families. what works for me may not work for you.
there's a fine line between education, facts, and just being an asshole. sometimes i feel like i'm walking that tightrope, some days more successfully than others. i'm not perfect by any means, i have pretty strong opinions about parenting and since this is a parenting blog, well, those opinions get discussed pretty often. but they're just that– opinions. regardless of our decisions i always like hearing yours and i strive to make this place welcoming to all kinds of people. of course i sort of cater to the crunchy kind, but that's just where i feel comfortable.
learning to look at other parents without judgment is one of the most profound things that being a mother has taught me. over the past fourteen months i've met all kinds of parents doing all kinds of things, some different from me and some the same. i've had the opportunity to see them in action, see their families, and see that no matter how much i may disagree with their choices for the most part we're all acting out of the same love for our children. it may be gently misguided love, in my eyes, but that's really none of my business, is it? if i choose to give my toddler a happy meal with fries and a coke that's ok. and if i choose not to– that's ok too. we each need to be able to find that right path for ourselves.
i'm not an innocent party in the judgment game. i still think OH MY GOD!!! in my head when i see a mom giving her infant a bottle of mountain dew in his car seat (true story), or a dad slap his daughter in the grocery store (true story), a little girl with "sweet" or "sassy" written across the butt of her pants (lord hold me), or a mom with her cart full of junk food dragging her kids around the grocery store (daily). i still think it in my head, but i'm learning to accept that other people don't have to do things the same way i do.
you've heard this one, maybe? a couple sees an older child being pushed in a stroller through the mall. they make comments to themselves, and to the mother, about, "don't you think he's a little old for that?" well it turns out the child is disabled. he doesn't walk well for long distances. when we judge each other's choices based on appearances we never really know the full story about how those choices were made– or if they're best for those specific children. there is a huge range of circumstances for every decision that no one but the parent can really know, nor should they need to.
here's what i want to get out there: it's ok for every one of us to make different choices. not only is it ok, it's probably beneficial. there's no one right way to parent. we're all making the tough choices that seem best for us. so even when your choices are different than mine we can still understand one another. we don't have to agree, but that doesn't make either of us a bad parent. we can educate about our own opinions with a common understanding that there's no one true path.
i urge you to think about that as you go out into the world, both real and online. there are lots of paths to the same end goal; no way is the "right" way. rather than deflate another parent's confidence with catty commentary about their choices let's work together and treat each other with care and concern.
on parenthood, judgment, and ultimatums
November 23, 2010
BOOM! by the grumbles at 10:40 AM
labels: deep dark parenting confessions, kindness and karma, nablopomo, parenting, politics and whatnot, rant, thinking, this is getting kinda serious
on parenthood, judgment, and ultimatums
the grumbles
deep dark parenting confessions|kindness and karma|nablopomo|parenting|politics and whatnot|rant|thinking|this is getting kinda serious|
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
Frequently Asked Questions
How does Employee Leasing or a PEO (Professional Employer Organization) work?
Employee Leasing companies and Professional Employer Organizations (PEOs) have revolutionized the delivery of employee management and human resource services to small and midsize companies across America. Under the terms of a co-employer agreement, the PEO acts as the employer of record, providing accounting, administration, benefits, compliance, HR, payroll, and risk management to thousands of companies and millions of employees on a daily basis.
What types of businesses use Employee Leasing or a Professional Employer Organization?
The PEO business arrangement will work for literally any type of business. Co-Employer relationships range from professional offices to high technology to retailing to manufacturing. In terms of size, PEO client companies can range from a five person professional office to a five hundred employee manufacturing firm.
What is the difference between Employee Leasing and a Professional Employer Organization?
Employee leasing is a way for businesses to staff their companies without dealing with the human resources department side of staff issues. PEOs are the companies that provide employee leasing services. The terms are often used interchangeably.
How would using an Employee Leasing Company/ PEO benefit me?
Business owners can take advantage of many benefits, including:
- Significant cost savings on workers' compensation and state unemployment tax;
- Reductions in accounting & payroll costs, allowing you to devote more time to growing and managing your core business;
- Time savings due to compliance with increasingly numerous and complex federal, state and local employment and payroll tax laws and regulations;
- Reductions in employment-related liabilities;
- Better insurance and retirement benefits to employees, often at less cost;
- Secured workers compensation insurance and professional risk management services;
- Access to an HR Professional who can provide resources and services;
- No unemployment claims to process;
- No workers' compensation claims to process.
Can I save money using Employee Leasing or a PEO?
The pooling of resources enables Professional Employer Organizations to command significant purchasing power when negotiating for health, liability and workers compensation insurance, as well as consumer, financial, professional, and technical services. Everyone benefits. Business owners profit from the savings in administration, benefits, insurance and legal costs.
How will a PEO arrangement help me to control costs?
Client companies can maintain a simple in-house HR infrastructure or none at all by relying on the PEO. The HR professionals at the PEO will provide critical assistance with employer compliance, which helps protect against liability. The PEO provides significant technology, service infrastructure and platforms to assure accurate, confidential, and secure delivery of services. In addition, the PEO provides time-savings by handling routine and redundant tasks associated with Payroll and Payroll Taxes, Employee Benefits, Human Resources Management, Employment Practices, and Regulatory Compliance issues.
How will a PEO arrangement affect control of my employees?
Employees are under your direct control and supervision. You determine wage rates, hours worked, job responsibilities, etc. Additionally, you maintain control over your business operations.
As a co-employer, the Employee Leasing Company/ PEO becomes a partner in the employment of your workers. The Employee Leasing Company either shares or assumes employer responsibilities and liabilities. Those responsibilities include payroll and employment taxes, maintaining employee records, risk management, human resource compliance and personnel management. By partnering with an Employee Leasing Company, you give up the time-consuming administrative tasks and have more time to concentrate on making your business more profitable.
How will the change from my current system to a PEO arrangement take place?
The PEO will conduct an orientation for all staff. This is the time to answer questions and explain all the benefits and services the PEO business model provides. Employees will always feel more comfortable when they are involved with, and understand the reasons for the change.
How can Employee Leasing or Professional Employers make us more efficient?
Management and staff gain access to skilled professionals to assist and support them. Getting timely answers and resolving issues quickly increases efficiency and savings. Every employee and family member can enjoy the same high caliber "Fortune 500" benefits choices that only large companies and government agencies can offer. Robust HR Platforms and technology give employees access to personal data, benefits, compensation, vacation and PTO account information. Online benefits and new hire enrollment is fast and easy, and eliminates time consuming administration and costly mistakes.
Can Employee Leasing Companies and Professional Employers help a small business?
PEOs provide value for small and midsize firms that is difficult to measure, but impossible to ignore. They help a young firm succeed against more established competitors in the market for skilled and competent workers. They enhance your ability to attract, retain and staff your company with people whose abilities and skills were tested, and references verified. PEOs relieve employers of the time-consuming chores of managing employee administration and payroll, and ensuring that their firm is in compliance with the myriad of government and HR regulations.
Why should I work with a PEO expert like Employers Rx?
The National Association of Professional Employer Organizations (NAPEO), the industry trade group, estimates approximately 700 PEOs currently operating nationwide, with an annual growth rate of 20%. The problem for most companies is that each PEO offers a differing range of administrative services, employee benefit programs and support, at varying levels of quality and cost. Devoting the time, energy and expertise to accurately compare PEOs can be a daunting task for any employer. This is where a PEO expert like Employers Rx can help.
Just ask our clients how enlisting the services of Employers Rx to find the right employee leasing company or Professional Employee Organization, allowed them to focus their attention on running their company.
Are there any fees involved?
No, submitting a quote request is 100% free. You are under no obligation even after we have retrieved quotes for your company.
Why should I use an Employee Leasing Company/ PEO?
Small business owners want to focus their time and energy on the "business of their business" and not on the "business of employment". As companies grow, most business owners don't have the necessary human resource training, payroll and accounting skills, knowledge of regulatory compliance, or backgrounds in risk management, insurance and employee benefit programs to meet the demands of being an employer. In addition, Employee Leasing Companies give small to mid-size businesses access to many benefits and employment services that they would not have had otherwise.
How will this benefit my employees?
There are many benefits to your employees, including:
- Professional claims management services for injured employees;
- Better insurance and retirement benefits, often at less cost;
- Special rates with local credit unions;
- Discount tickets for theme parks and entertainment;
- Free Direct Deposit service;
- Access to Debit Paycards
Are PEOs recognized as employers at the state and federal levels?
Yes. PEOs operate in all 50 states. Many states have legislated specific licensing, registration, and regulation for PEOs, and statutorily recognizes PEOs as the employer or co-employer of employees for many purposes, including workers' compensation and state unemployment insurance taxes. The IRS has accepted the right of a PEO to withhold and remit federal income and unemployment taxes for employees. The IRS has promulgated specific guidance confirming the authority of PEOs to provide retirement benefits to workers.
Who is responsible for the employee wages and state and federal employment taxes?
The Professional Employer Organization assumes responsibility and liability for payment of wages and compliance with the rules and regulations governing the reporting and payment of federal and state taxes on wages paid to its co-employees. PEOs have long established their role as reporting income and handling withholding, FICA, FUTA and SUTA. In 2002, the IRS issued guidance confirming the ability of PEOs to offer qualified retirement benefits.
Who is responsible for employment law and regulatory compliance?
As co-employers, both the client company and the Professional Employer Organization have compliance obligations. However, the PEO provides co-employees with coverage under many employment laws and regulations, including federal, state, and local discrimination laws, Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Age Discrimination in Employment Act, ADA, FMLA, HIPAA, Equal Pay Act, and COBRA. The PEO employs a full-time staff of HR professionals who are responsible for monitoring and ensuring compliance with such laws and regulations.
Who is responsible for taxes and wages?
The Employee Leasing Company/ PEO assumes responsibility and liability for payment of wages and all federal, state and local regulatory reporting- including unemployment taxes.
What is NAPEO?
Formed in 1984, the National Association of Professional Employer Organizations is the national trade association for the PEO industry. NAPEO is known both as NAPEO The Voice of the PEO Industry for government affairs and as The Source for PEO Education due to the association's education and training programs. NAPEO promotes a Code of Ethics and a number of best practices to its member companies. NAPEO has 350 members with employees in all 50 states, representing more than 70 percent of the industry's revenues.The address for their web site is <www.napeo.org>


text:
Mortal Kombat Komplete Edition coming to PC July 3rd
If you're not running through the streets, looking up to the sky, and yelling "MORTAL KOMBAT" in the streets – you may be wrong. Warner Brothers Interactive Entertainment and NetherRealm have announced that the Mortal Kombat Komplete Edition is coming to PC. Yes, this is the version that won Fighting Game of the Year at the 2011 Spike TV Video Game Awards. This is easily the best Mortal Kombat I've ever played. You've got a reaaaaally long story mode, individual endings, and engaging kombat.
The Komplete Edition means it will be coming with all the DLC. This mean you'll have Skarlet, Kenshi, Rain, and Freddy Krueger. Along with those chaps, you'll have 15 klassic Mortal Kombat Skins and three klassic fatalities with Scorpion, Sub-Zero, and Reptile. USB ready fight sticks will work perfectly with your PC.
Digital copies of the Mortal Kombat Komplete Edition will be available July 3rd and physical copies will be on shelves Auguest 6th. MORTAL KOMBAT!


text:
EDINBURGH, Scotland, March 22 (UPI) -- A referendum vote on Scottish independence will be held Sept. 18, 2014, First Minister Alex Salmond said Thursday.
Salmond introduced the Scottish Independence Referendum Bill, The Scotsman reported. He called the bill "the most important legislation to have been introduced since the Scottish Parliament was reconvened -- not in itself, but what it enables Scotland to achieve with the powers of an independent country."
As set down in the bill, voters will have to answer one simple question: "Should Scotland be an independent country?"
The government is expected to release a white paper in about six months detailing the process that would take place if voters approve independence. Polls so far have suggested a majority of Scots do not want to cut ties completely with Britain.
The vote is timed to take place after a re-enactment to mark the 700th anniversary of the Battle of Bannockburn, a historic Scottish victory over the English and before the Ryder Cup at Gleneagles golf course.
Scotland has been politically joined to England for more than 300 years.


text:
Meet Atlanta's newest police officer
ATLANTA - The City of Atlanta Police Department brought on a special new officer onto the team. Karma Lilly Little was introduced today on Facebook as an Atlanta Police officer.
Officer Little is at the Children Health care of Atlanta. She has Neuroblastoma, a form of cancer that affects the nervous system.
Chief Erika Shields and her new officer, Officer Karma Lilly Little. Welcome aboard Officer Little! Glad you joined the ranks today. pic.twitter.com/PJx2rTgGiU— Atlanta Police Dept (@Atlanta_Police) February 9, 2017
Look who became an Atlanta Police Officer today? Officer Karma Lilly Little! #childrenshealthcare#wecare pic.twitter.com/IZVFBp4OqV— Atlanta Police Dept (@Atlanta_Police) February 9, 2017


text:
Um, Are We Aware That Paul Walker Started Dating His Girlfriend When She Was Sixteen?
UPDATE #3: In case anyone was worried that I'm not getting enough feedback for writing about this, I've received over 1,200 responses. Here are some of the angriest ones, and here are some of the most encouraging and supportive.
UPDATE #2: For those of you saying this is okay because it was a one-time thing, meet Aubrianna Atwell, an ex-girlfriend of Paul's with whom he began a relationship when he was twenty-eight and she was…yup, sixteen.
UPDATE: A lot of you have asked me in the comments who I am to judge Paul for his relationship…so to answer your question — I'm someone who was involved in a very similar situation when I was sixteen. Since you asked.
Ever since the tragic death of Paul Walker in a car accident this past Saturday, November 30th, we've been pretty bombarded with information about the late actor. His friends and former costars have been responding via Twitter, and blogs and news anchors alike keep interrupting the news cycle to assure us that his daughter and his girlfriend are both extremely upset. In case that was ever in question.
But in reading one of the articles about Paul's girlfriend, Jasmine Pilchard-Gosnell, I thought I came across a typo — it said she was twenty-three, which I could understand, given that we live in a world where thirty-eight year old Bradley Cooper is dating twenty-one year old Suki Waterhouse, but it also said that they'd been dating for seven years.
Ha. No way, dude. No way that's accurate. I kind of grimaced to myself, imagining the embarrassment of the editor who had let an error like that slip through the cracks. But then I looked at several other posts, and they all said the same thing: at the time of his death, Paul, 40, was dating Jasmine, 23, and they'd been together for seven years. Which means at the time of their meeting, she was sixteen and he was…thirty-three.
Now I don't want to insult his memory or anything, but how the hell did we miss that? How did we miss a seventeen-year age difference that would've constituted statutory rape in certain states at the time of their meeting? How did we not realize that at age fifteen, Paul's daughter Meadow is only a year younger than Jasmine was when he met and started dating her? And that if they'd gotten married, her stepmom would've been only eight years older than her. That's not okay, right? I mean, right? I have no intimate knowledge of the situation, but when a famous Hollywood actor in his thirties starts dating A SOPHOMORE IN HIGH SCHOOL, maybe that deserves another look.
I get that he's a good-looking guy and that his death is really tragic, but I'd love if we could be a little less casual with statements about their seventeen year age difference and the fact that they started dating when Jasmine was a teenager. That's not romantic, that's borderline illegal, depending on the age of consent in the state they were in at the time. Correct me if I'm wrong, but I'm pretty sure that statutory rape is still a crime.
(Photo: WENN.com)


text:
Father: Richard SINGLETARY b: BET. 1595 - 1599 in Lincolnshire, England or Scotland
Mother: Goodwife SINGLETARY or Susannah COOKE b: BET. 1615 - 1616 in Possibly Newbury, Essex Co., MA
Marriage 1 Mary BLOOMFIELD b: 15 JAN 1641/42 in Essex Co., MA
RootsWeb.com, Inc. is NOT responsible for the content of the GEDCOMs uploaded through the WorldConnect Program. If you have a problem with a particular entry, please contact the submitter of said entry. You have full control over your GEDCOM. You can change or remove it at any time.


text:
Related quotes
"Philanthropy seems to me to have become simply the refuge of people who wish to annoy their fellow creatures"
"We involve people in philanthropy. It can be anybody. Anybody can donate to a fund, or they can create their own fund within the community foundation."
"Philanthropy is commendable, but it must not cause the philanthropist to overlook the circumstances of economic injustice which make philanthropy necessary."
"Our lives are to be used and thus to be lived as fully as possible, and truly it seems that we are never so alive as when we concern ourselves with other people."
"Never respect men merely for their riches, but rather for their philanthropy; we do not value the sun for its height, but for its use"


text:
Thanks to Mauro for the heads up.
The CW Pilots for Blink and The Hundred have both today wrapped up filming of their pilots.
All good things must come to an end. That's a wrap #The100— Marie Avgeropoulos (@iamAvgeropoulos) April 5, 2013
It's a wrap with @veraherbert @johnnysimmons @rachaelfortier— Madeline Carroll (@IMMaddieCarroll) April 5, 2013


text:
|Numéro de publication
|Type de publication
|Numéro de demande
|Date de publication
|6 avr. 2010
|Date de dépôt
|22 juin 2006
|Date de priorité
|22 juin 2006
|État de paiement des frais
|Autre référence de publication
|Numéro de publication
|Antoine Gaston Marie Kiers, Arie Jeffrey Den Boef, Stefan Carolus Jacobus Antonius Keij
|Cessionnaire d'origine
|Asml Netherlands B.V.
|Exporter la citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citations de brevets (39), Citations hors brevets (1), Référencé par (2), Classifications (11), Événements juridiques (3)
|Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to methods of inspection usable, for example, in the manufacture of devices by lithographic techniques and to methods of manufacturing devices using lithographic techniques, etching applications and thin-film metrology.
2. Description of the Related Art
A lithographic apparatus is a machine that applies a desired pattern onto a substrate, usually onto a target portion of the substrate. A lithographic apparatus can be used, for example, in the manufacture of integrated circuits (ICs). In that instance, a patterning device, which is alternatively referred to as a mask or a reticle, may be used to generate a circuit pattern to be formed on an individual layer of the IC. This pattern can be transferred onto a target portion (e.g. comprising part of, one, or several dies) on a substrate (e.g. a silicon wafer). Transfer of the pattern is typically via imaging onto a layer of radiation-sensitive material (resist) provided on the substrate. In general, a single substrate will contain a network of adjacent target portions that are successively patterned. Known lithographic apparatus include steppers, in which each target portion is irradiated by exposing an entire pattern onto the target portion at one time, and scanners, in which each target portion is irradiated by scanning the pattern through a radiation beam in a given direction (the "scanning" direction) while synchronously scanning the substrate parallel or anti-parallel to this direction. It is also possible to transfer the pattern from the patterning device to the substrate by imprinting the pattern onto the substrate.
In order to determine features of the substrate, such as its layer thickness, critical dimension (CD) or overlay, a beam is reflected off the surface of the substrate, for example at an alignment target, and an image is created on a camera of the reflected beam. By measuring the properties of the reflected beam, the properties of the substrate can be determined. This can be done, for example, by comparing the reflected beam with data stored in a library of known measurements associated with known substrate properties.
One way of measuring the properties of a substrate is by diffracting a polarized beam off a grating that is present on the surface of the substrate and imaging the diffracted spectrum of the polarized beam on a detector array. The polarization state of the measurement beam must be controlled so that the polarization state is not altered by imperfections of the sensor optics. One way of doing this is shown in
It is desirable to provide an apparatus that will shorten the time taken for both p and s polarized beams to be measured when the properties of a substrate are being determined
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided an inspection apparatus, lithographic apparatus or lithographic cell configured to measure a property of a substrate, comprising a light source configured to supply radiation with two orthogonal polarization directions; a lens configured to focus the radiation beam onto a substrate; a beamsplitter configured to separate the radiation beam once reflected from the surface of the substrate into two orthogonally polarized sub-beams; and a detector system configured to detect simultaneously an angle-resolved spectrum of both radiation beams reflected from a surface of the substrate.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided an inspection apparatus, lithographic apparatus or lithographic cell configured to measure a property of a substrate, comprising a light source configured to supply a radiation beam with two orthogonal polarization directions; a lens configured to focus the radiation beam onto a substrate; a detector system configured to detect the radiation beam reflected from the substrate; a first non-polarizing beamsplitter configured to receive the radiation beam from the source in a first direction and to reflect the radiation beam in a second direction onto the substrate and to receive the radiation beam reflected from the substrate in the second direction and to pass the radiation beam towards the detector system; a second non-polarizing beamsplitter rotated 90° with respect to the first non-polarizing beamsplitter and configured to receive the radiation beam passed from the first non-polarizing beamsplitter in the second direction, to transmit a portion of the radiation beam in the second direction to the detector and to reflect another portion of the radiation beam in a third direction, wherein the third direction is perpendicular to the second direction; and a third polarizing beamsplitter configured to receive the radiation beam passed from the second non-polarizing beamsplitter, to separate the radiation beam into orthogonally polarized sub-beams and to pass the sub-beams to the detector system, wherein the detector system is configured to detect simultaneously the reflection spectrum of both sub-beams.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings in which corresponding reference symbols indicate corresponding parts, and in which:
The illumination system may include various types of optical components, such as refractive, reflective, magnetic, electromagnetic, electrostatic or other types of optical components, or any combination thereof, to direct, shape, and/or control radiation.
The support supports, e.g. bears the weight of, the patterning device. It holds the patterning device in a manner that depends on the orientation of the patterning device, the design of the lithographic apparatus, and other conditions, such as for example whether or not the patterning device is held in a vacuum environment. The support can use mechanical, vacuum, electrostatic or other clamping techniques to hold the patterning device. The support may be a frame or a table, for example, which may be fixed or movable as required. The support may ensure that the patterning device is at a desired position, for example with respect to the projection system. Any use of the terms "reticle" or "mask" herein may be considered synonymous with the more general term "patterning device."
The term "patterning device" used herein should be broadly interpreted as referring to any device that can be used to impart a radiation beam with a pattern in its cross-section such as to create a pattern in a target portion of the substrate. It should be noted that the pattern imparted to the radiation beam may not exactly correspond to the desired pattern in the target portion of the substrate, for example if the pattern includes phase-shifting features or so called assist features. Generally, the pattern imparted to the radiation beam will correspond to a particular functional layer in a device being created in the target portion, such as an integrated circuit.
The patterning device may be transmissive or reflective. Examples of patterning devices include masks, programmable mirror arrays, and programmable LCD panels. Masks are well known in lithography, and include mask types such as binary, alternating phase-shift, and attenuated phase-shift, as well as various hybrid mask types. An example of a programmable mirror array employs a matrix arrangement of small mirrors, each of which can be individually tilted so as to reflect an incoming radiation beam in different directions. The tilted mirrors impart a pattern in a radiation beam which is reflected by the mirror matrix.
The term "projection system" used herein should be broadly interpreted as encompassing any type of projection system, including refractive, reflective, catadioptric, magnetic, electromagnetic and electrostatic optical systems, or any combination thereof, as appropriate for the exposure radiation being used, or for other factors such as the use of an immersion liquid or the use of a vacuum. Any use of the term "projection lens" herein may be considered as synonymous with the more general term "projection system".
As here depicted, the apparatus is of a transmissive type (e.g. employing a transmissive mask). Alternatively, the apparatus may be of a reflective type (e.g. employing a programmable mirror array of a type as referred to above, or employing a reflective mask).
The lithographic apparatus may be of a type having two (dual stage) or more substrate tables (and/or two or more mask tables). In such "multiple stage" machines the additional tables may be used in parallel, or preparatory steps may be carried out on one or more tables while one or more other tables are being used for exposure.
The lithographic apparatus may also be of a type wherein at least a portion of the substrate may be covered by a liquid having a relatively high refractive index, e.g. water, so as to fill a space between the projection system and the substrate. An immersion liquid may also be applied to other spaces in the lithographic apparatus, for example, between the mask and the projection system. Immersion techniques are well known in the art for increasing the numerical aperture of projection systems. The term "immersion" as used herein does not mean that a structure, such as a substrate, must be submerged in liquid, but rather only means that liquid is located between the projection system and the substrate during exposure.
Referring to
The illuminator IL may comprise an adjuster AD for adjusting the angular intensity distribution of the radiation beam. Generally, at least the outer and/or inner radial extent (commonly referred to as σ-outer and σ-inner, respectively) of the intensity distribution in a pupil plane of the illuminator can be adjusted. In addition, the illuminator IL may comprise various other components, such as an integrator IN and a condenser CO. The illuminator may be used to condition the radiation beam, to have a desired uniformity and intensity distribution in its cross-section.
The radiation beam B is incident on the patterning device (e.g., mask MA), which is held on the support (e.g., mask table MT), and is patterned by the patterning device. Having traversed the mask MA, the radiation beam B passes through the projection system PL, which focuses the beam onto a target portion C of the substrate W. With the aid of the second positioner PW and position sensor IF (e.g. an interferometric device, linear encoder or capacitive sensor), the substrate table WT can be moved accurately, e.g. so as to position different target portions C in the path of the radiation beam B. Similarly, the first positioner PM and another position sensor (which is not explicitly depicted in
The depicted apparatus could be used in at least one of the following modes:
1. In step mode, the mask table MT and the substrate table WT are kept essentially stationary, while an entire pattern imparted to the radiation beam is projected onto a target portion C at one time (i.e. a single static exposure). The substrate table WT is then shifted in the X and/or Y direction so that a different target portion C can be exposed. In step mode, the maximum size of the exposure field limits the size of the target portion C imaged in a single static exposure.
2. In scan mode, the mask table MT and the substrate table WT are scanned synchronously while a pattern imparted to the radiation beam is projected onto a target portion C (i.e. a single dynamic exposure). The velocity and direction of the substrate table WT relative to the mask table MT may be determined by the (de-)magnification and image reversal characteristics of the projection system PS. In scan mode, the maximum size of the exposure field limits the width (in the non-scanning direction) of the target portion in a single dynamic exposure, whereas the length of the scanning motion determines the height (in the scanning direction) of the target portion.
3. In another mode, the mask table MT is kept essentially stationary holding a programmable patterning device, and the substrate table WT is moved or scanned while a pattern imparted to the radiation beam is projected onto a target portion C. In this mode, generally a pulsed radiation source is employed and the programmable patterning device is updated as required after each movement of the substrate table WT or in between successive radiation pulses during a scan. This mode of operation can be readily applied to maskless lithography that utilizes programmable patterning device, such as a programmable mirror array of a type as referred to above.
Combinations and/or variations on the above described modes of use or entirely different modes of use may also be employed.
As shown in
In order that the substrates that are exposed by the lithographic apparatus are exposed consistently for each layer of resist, there are certain properties of the substrate that need to be measured to determine whether there are changes in alignment, rotation, etc., that must be compensated for by the lithographic apparatus. A separate inspection apparatus is used to determine the properties of the substrates, and in particular, how the properties of different substrates or different layers of the same substrate vary from layer to layer.
As discussed above,
At this point 20, the beam is known as either a TM (transverse magnetic) polarized beam or a TE (transverse electric) polarized beam. Polarization in a p or TM direction is parallel to the plane of incidence and the magnetic (M) field is perpendicular to the place of incidence. An s beam or TE beam is perpendicular to the plane of incidence and the electric (E) field is parallel to the plane of incidence. The direction of polarization at the pupil plane PP is shown in
What the inspection apparatus of
The way this is done is that the shutters are removed from the radiation sources P, S as shown in
The second embodiment of the present invention enables more parameters of the orthogonally polarized beams to be measured.
Δ=arg(E p −E s) (1)
tan Ψ=E p /E s (2)
The sensor is analyzed using a Jones matrix formulation with the eo-coordinate system as a basis. Note that the sensor may alternatively be analyzed with a Mueller matrix representation to take depolarization effects of optical components into account. The scattered beam in the pupil plane is given by a Jones vector
Here Eo1 and Ee1 are the unknown complex amplitudes of the scattered fields along, respectively, the e and o directions. These amplitudes are determined by the object 30 (e.g. the grating, thin film or similar on the substrate) under investigation and the polarization dependency of the high-NA microscope objective 24. The Jones vector of the field that is transmitted by the non-polarizing beam splitter N-PBS is
where T is the transmission coefficient of the polarized beams.
This field is then sent through the phase modulator 90 that introduces a known phase shift φ between the e and o components of the polarized beam. As a result, the Jones vector of the field that is transmitted by the phase modulator 90 is
Finally, the light is transmitted by the Wollaston prism 50 that spatially separates the incoming beam into two beams that are orthogonally and linearly polarized along the x and y directions. These spatially separated fields that are incident on a CCD camera are given by
If the beam splitter were perfectly non-polarizing in transmission, we would have
Tp=Ts=T (7)
In that case, the spatially separated fields Ex4 and Ey4 that are incident on the CCD are given by:
The intensities I of the two spatially separated beams on the CCD are then simply:
As derived from
The three ellipsometric quantities tan(Ψ)=|Ee1|/|Eo1|, cos(Δ) and sin(Δ) can be derived from Ix4 (or alternatively from Iy4) as follows:
The intensities Ix4 and Iy4 are measured for a series of different phase steps φi. The number N of phase steps is at least three but more phase steps are desirable since this increases the measurement accuracy. The phase steps are distributed over a range of 2π radians. Often the phase steps are evenly distributed but this is not necessary.
In this manner, N intensities Ix4,i and Iy4,i for i ε1 . . . N are measured. A harmonic curve given by:
I x4 =|E e1|2 +|E o1|2−2|E e1 ∥E o1|cos(φ+Δ)
I y4 =|E e1|2 +|E o1|2+2|E e1 ∥E o1|cos(φ+Δ) (10)
is fitted through the measured intensities using standard least-square fitting techniques. The transmission T is set to unity. The analysis that will follow now shows that the results are independent of the actual value of T.
The maxima and minima of these harmonic curves are easily found and are denoted by Ix4,MAX, Ix4,MIN and Iy4,MAX, Iy4,MIN for Ix4 and Iy4, respectively. These extremes can be written as:
I x4,MAX=(|E e1 |+|E o1|)2
I x4,MIN=(|E e1 |−|E o1|)2 (11)
It is only possible to show the extremes for Ix4 since it can be easily verified that Iy4 has the same extremes. We can also write:
√{square root over (I x4,MAX)}=|E e1 |+|E o1|
√{square root over (I x4,MIN)}=|E e1 |−|E o1| (12)
This can be re-arranged to give:
2|E e1|=√{square root over (I x4,MAX)}+√{square root over (I x4,MIN)}
2|E o1|=√{square root over (I x4,MAX)}−√{square root over (I x4,MIN)} (13)
Taking the ratio between these expressions gives:
The other two remaining quantities cos(Δ) and sin(Δ) are determined by calculating:
Taking the ratio of S and C yields:
The signs of C and S can be used to determine the correct quadrant in which A is located.
A problem with the prior art as shown in
1. Calibration of this error is extremely complicated due to the fact that it is interleaved with polarization effects in the objective. These errors can be corrected for on the assumption that the beamsplitter is sufficiently perfect in transmission. As soon as the beamsplitter introduces significant polarization errors, however, separating beamsplitter and objective polarization effects becomes extremely complex.
2. Reducing the split angle of the beam splitter reduces this error but results in long and unpractical optical tracklengths that complicate the realization of a compact sensor in a small volume.
3. One could equalize the complex transmission of the s and p polarizations with a stack of materials. The beamsplitter plane is built up of a multiplayer thin film stack with such a composition that the transmission through this stack is polarization insensitive. The complex transmission may thereby be equalized. However, this can only be achieved over a small wavelength interval, which makes an extension to broadband angle-resolved micro-ellipsometry impossible. The term micro-ellipsometry is used to refer to the measurement concept in which a very high numerical aperture lens is used to make a small measurement spot. This allows localized ellipsometry with a spatial resolution in the micrometer region. The desirability of this is that it is a method that can collect a great amount of information, for example, it can measure the refractive index of a thin film for various wavelengths.
4. A pure metal beamsplitter could be used that has minimal depolarization effects. However, it has significantly more absorption than hybrid (e.g. dielectric) beamsplitters.
The invention that is proposed overcomes all of the limitations of the above-mentioned alternatives without complicating the existing system to any great extent. As shown in
Tracing the transmitted beam through these beamsplitters immediately shows the principle of this idea. Any phase shift β that is introduced in the first beamsplitter is compensated for by the second beamsplitter. This is due to the fact that a beam that is p-polarized at the first beamsplitter becomes s-polarized at the second beamsplitter and vice versa. As a result, the net transmission of x and y components of the incident field is nominally equal.
The idea above is applied to a system with a phase modulator 90 in the measurement branch. However, this idea can also be realized with a phase modulator in the illumination branch. In that case, the idea of two beam splitters can be easily extended to a beam splitter that is truly non-polarizing in reflection. If necessary, one could add a third beamsplitter and make a composite beam splitter that is truly non-polarizing in reflection and transmission. This is shown in
If the phase shifter 90 (with its modulation axis only the e-axis) is removed or turned to zero (i.e. with no phase shift), the apparatus of the first embodiment of this invention is effectively created. In other words, this ellipsometer acts as the inspection apparatus of
Although specific reference may be made in this text to the use of lithographic apparatus in the manufacture of ICs, it should be understood that the lithographic apparatus described herein may have other applications, such as the manufacture of integrated optical systems, guidance and detection patterns for magnetic domain memories, flat-panel displays, liquid-crystal displays (LCDs), thin-film magnetic heads, etc. It should be appreciated that, in the context of such alternative applications, any use of the terms "wafer" or "die" herein may be considered as synonymous with the more general terms "substrate" or "target portion", respectively. The substrate referred to herein may be processed, before or after exposure, in for example a track (a tool that typically applies a layer of resist to a substrate and develops the exposed resist), a metrology tool and/or an inspection tool. Where applicable, the disclosure herein may be applied to such and other substrate processing tools. Further, the substrate may be processed more than once, for example in order to create a multi-layer IC, so that the term substrate used herein may also refer to a substrate that already contains multiple processed layers.
Although specific reference may have been made above to the use of embodiments of the invention in the context of optical lithography, it will be appreciated that the invention may be used in other applications, for example imprint lithography, and where the context allows, is not limited to optical lithography. In imprint lithography a topography in a patterning device defines the pattern created on a substrate. The topography of the patterning device may be pressed into a layer of resist supplied to the substrate whereupon the resist is cured by applying electromagnetic radiation, heat, pressure or a combination thereof. The patterning device is moved out of the resist leaving a pattern in it after the resist is cured.
The terms "radiation" and "beam" used herein encompass all types of electromagnetic radiation, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation (e.g. having a wavelength of or about 365, 355, 248, 193, 157 or 126 nm) and extreme ultra-violet (EUV) radiation (e.g. having a wavelength in the range of 5-20 nm), as well as particle beams, such as ion beams or electron beams.
The term "lens", where the context allows, may refer to any one or combination of various types of optical components, including refractive, reflective, magnetic, electromagnetic and electrostatic optical components.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated that the invention may be practiced otherwise than as described. For example, the invention may take the form of a computer program containing one or more sequences of machine-readable instructions describing a method as disclosed above, or a data storage medium (e.g. semiconductor memory, magnetic or optical disk) having such a computer program stored therein.
The descriptions above are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Thus, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the invention as described without departing from the scope of the claims set out below.
|Brevet cité
|Date de dépôt
|Date de publication
|24 juin 1986
|2 févr. 1988
|Itek Corporation
|Polarization matching mixer
|16 juil. 1993
|2 mai 1995
|Therma-Wave, Inc.
|Multiple angle spectroscopic analyzer utilizing interferometric and ellipsometric devices
|3 aoűt 1995
|30 déc. 1997
|Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
|Lens scatterometer system employing source light beam scanning means
|5 juin 1996
|9 mars 1999
|California Institute Of California
|System and method for optically measuring a structure
|31 oct. 1997
|5 oct. 1999
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method and apparatus for measuring the profile of small repeating lines
|4 déc. 2001
|19 aoűt 2003
|Timbre Technologies, Inc.
|Optical profilometry of additional-material deviations in a periodic grating
|27 févr. 2001
|2 mars 2004
|Timbre Technologies, Inc.
|Grating test patterns and methods for overlay metrology
|16 juil. 2001
|9 mars 2004
|Therma-Wave, Inc.
|Real time analysis of periodic structures on semiconductors
|26 mars 2002
|13 avr. 2004
|Timbre Technologies, Inc.
|Metrology hardware specification using a hardware simulator
|4 déc. 2002
|18 mai 2004
|Therma-Wave, Inc.
|Small spot ellipsometer
|18 sept. 2001
|22 juin 2004
|Therma-Wave, Inc.
|Spectroscopic ellipsometer without rotating components
|28 nov. 2000
|27 juil. 2004
|Timbre Technologies, Inc.
|System and method for real-time library generation of grating profiles
|31 janv. 2002
|3 aoűt 2004
|Timbre Technologies, Inc.
|Overlay measurements using periodic gratings
|6 aoűt 2001
|31 aoűt 2004
|Timbre Technologies, Inc.
|Method and system of dynamic learning through a regression-based library generation process
|13 sept. 2002
|2 nov. 2004
|Therma-Wave, Inc.
|Analysis of isolated and aperiodic structures with simultaneous multiple angle of incidence measurements
|12 févr. 2002
|16 nov. 2004
|Therma-Wave, Inc.
|Overlay alignment metrology using diffraction gratings
|28 févr. 2002
|15 févr. 2005
|Accent Optical Technologies, Inc.
|Line profile asymmetry measurement using scatterometry
|16 janv. 2003
|19 juil. 2005
|Therma-Wave, Inc.
|CD metrology analysis using a finite difference method
|14 mai 2003
|9 aoűt 2005
|Kla-Tencor Technologies Corporation
|Use of overlay diagnostics for enhanced automatic process control
|26 oct. 2004
|6 déc. 2005
|Therma-Wave, Inc.
|Critical dimension analysis with simultaneous multiple angle of incidence measurements
|20 sept. 2001
|13 déc. 2005
|Nova Measuring Instruments Ltd.
|Lateral shift measurement using an optical technique
|14 févr. 2003
|17 janv. 2006
|Kla-Tencor Technologies Corp.
|Methods and systems for lithography process control
|11 juin 2003
|16 mai 2006
|Therma-Wave, Inc.
|Overlay targets with isolated, critical-dimension features and apparatus to measure overlay
|20 sept. 2001
|13 juin 2006
|Nanometrics Incorporated
|Spectroscopically measured overlay target
|25 aoűt 2003
|13 juin 2006
|Spectel Research Corporation
|Interferometric back focal plane scatterometry with Koehler illumination
|11 mars 2003
|13 juin 2006
|Therma-Wave, Inc.
|Optical scatterometry of asymmetric lines and structures
|6 juin 2003
|27 juin 2006
|Kla-Tencor Technologies Corp.
|Systems for inspection of patterned or unpatterned wafers and other specimen
|19 nov. 2003
|6 mai 2008
|Kla-Tencor Technologies Corporation
|Optical system for measuring samples using short wavelength radiation
|3 juin 2005
|17 juin 2008
|President & Fellows Of Harvard College
|Phase sensitive heterodyne coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering micro-spectroscopy and microscopy
|30 oct. 2003
|24 juin 2004
|Mircea Dusa
|Test pattern, inspection method, and device manufacturing method
|1 avr. 2004
|18 nov. 2004
|Zetetic Institute
|Apparatus and method for joint measurement of fields of scattered/reflected or transmitted orthogonally polarized beams by an object in interferometry
|16 aoűt 2004
|16 févr. 2006
|Asml Netherlands B.V.
|Method and apparatus for angular-resolved spectroscopic lithography characterization
|15 aoűt 2005
|30 mars 2006
|Asml Netherlands B.V.
|Method and apparatus for angular-resolved spectroscopic lithography characterization
|14 déc. 2004
|15 juin 2006
|Asml Netherlands B.V.
|Inspection apparatus, sample and inspection method
|9 nov. 2005
|29 juin 2006
|Asml Netherlands B.V.
|Latent overlay metrology
|21 févr. 2007
|21 aoűt 2008
|Asml Netherlands B.V.
|Inspection method and apparatus, lithographic apparatus, lithographic processing cell and device manufacturing method
|6 oct. 1997
|15 avr. 1999
|Forschungsverbund Berlin Ev
|Measurement of optical parameters of crystalline samples using reflected light
|11 aoűt 2005
|22 févr. 2006
|ASML Netherlands B.V.
|Method and apparatus for angular-resolved spectroscopic lithography characterisation
|18 aoűt 2000
|22 févr. 2001
|Swinburne University
|Method and apparatus for the resolution of beams of electromagnetic radiation
|European Search Report issued for European Patent Application No. 07252355.8-2204, dated Aug. 28, 2007.
|Brevet citant
|Date de dépôt
|Date de publication
|14 mai 2009
|2 sept. 2014
|Asml Netherlands B.V.
|Overlay measurement apparatus, lithographic apparatus and device manufacturing method using such overlay measurement apparatus
|14 mai 2009
|4 aoűt 2011
|Asml Netherlands B.V.
|Overlay Measurement Apparatus, Lithographic Apparatus and Device Manufacturing Method Using Such Overlay Measurement Apparatus
|Classification aux États-Unis
|356/369, 356/366
|Classification internationale
|Classification coopérative
|Classification européenne
|20 sept. 2006
Owner name: ASML NETHERLANDS B.V., NETHERLANDS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KIERS, ANTOINE GASTON MARIE;BOEF, ARIE JEFFREY DEN;KEIJ, STEFAN CAROLUS JACOBUS ANTONIUS;REEL/FRAME:018315/0481;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060706 TO 20060719
Owner name: ASML NETHERLANDS B.V.,NETHERLANDS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KIERS, ANTOINE GASTON MARIE;BOEF, ARIE JEFFREY DEN;KEIJ, STEFAN CAROLUS JACOBUS ANTONIUS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060706 TO 20060719;REEL/FRAME:018315/0481
Owner name: ASML NETHERLANDS B.V., NETHERLANDS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KIERS, ANTOINE GASTON MARIE;BOEF, ARIE JEFFREY DEN;KEIJ, STEFAN CAROLUS JACOBUS ANTONIUS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060706 TO 20060719;REEL/FRAME:018315/0481
|27 sept. 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|26 sept. 2017
Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 8TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1552)
Year of fee payment: 8