text:
Grapes are a healthy and handy fruit to have available when you are following a diet to lower your cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Despite its small size, grapes are packed full of healthy ingredients that can help keep your lipids in check such as fiber, vitamins, phytosterols, polyphenols, and other antioxidants. Although all grapes are nutritious, red and purple grapes are higher in heart-healthy polyphenols. These tips will show you some easy ways to include grapes in your heart-healthy diet.

Use Grapes in Your Snacks

Grapes are an easy snack to have available when you are hungry and in a hurry. And if eating them fresh gets a little boring, you can prepare your grapes in other ways, including:

Grilling — Next time you throw your favorite proteins on the grill, also add some grapes on there. This can help naturally sweeten the other foods you are preparing, and provide you with a tasty snack.

Freezing — Toss some grapes in the freezer for a sweet, cool snack.

These preparation methods are safe to use if you are watching your lipid levels. However, you should make sure that when you are heating or grilling your grapes, that you do not add ingredients such as butter — which could increase your saturated fat intake. You can also add a few raw grapes with other snacks, such as granola, trail mix, or whole wheat crackers.

Toss Grapes Into Your Salads

Raw grapes make an excellent complement to any type of salad — whether you are preparing a fresh green salad, grilled chicken salad, or bean salad.

When preparing your salads, grapes can be tossed in whole or halved. If you are watching your fat intake, you should make sure that you are pairing grapes with other healthy ingredients for your salad, including:

Nuts

Legumes

Fruit

Whole grains

Vegetables

Lean cuts of chicken or turkey

Fatty fish, such as tuna or salmon

These ingredients will not sabotage your lipid-lowering diet and can give you a lot of variety — whether your salad is your entire meal or is just consumed as an appetizer.

Other ingredients commonly added to salads, such as cheese and creamy dressings, can heap on calories to your already low-fat salad. Therefore, you should check the calorie, sugar, and saturated fat content on the nutrition label of your salad dressing. You can also look for low-fat versions of these ingredients.

Include Grapes in Your Meals

Surprisingly, there are many ways to include this tasty fruit in many of your meals throughout the day. You can mix grapes into your favorite meals, incorporate them into a side dish, or add a few onto your main course:

For breakfast, you can cut up a handful of grapes and place them in your morning oatmeal, a white egg omelet, or whole wheat muffins. You can also mix them into a plain, low-fat yogurt or a smoothie for a quick and nutritious breakfast.

Grapes can also be incorporated into your sandwiches and sides, by either mashing them into a soft topping or cutting them up.

For your entree, grapes can be added as the final touch to your main dish or mix them in during the preparation process. You can add them to your favorite chicken wrap or toss them into a crockpot with other healthy favorites for a tender, filling stew. You can also cut them up and add them on top of your grilled chicken or baked salmon.

Any way you use them, adding grapes can help liven up many of your heart-healthy meals.

Grapes for Dessert

Because of their sweet flavor, grapes can also be incorporated into many desserts. Cholesterol-friendly desserts that you can incorporate grapes into include a low-fat frozen yogurt, a sorbet, or a fruit cocktail. When using grapes in your desserts, you should be careful to limit the amount of heavy cream, ice cream, cakes or butter that you include, as all of these ingredients could also introduce extra fat into your diet. Additionally, if you decide to make a sorbet or fruit cocktail, you should be careful regarding how much sugar or syrup that you add to your dessert — or you can use a sugar substitute to reduce the amount of sugar and calories in the dessert.


text:
The long and grinding wheels of justice are finally about to find fruition in court, as literary editor Sam Leith reports on his blog for the Daily Telegraph. Back in 1994, Stu Silverstein decided to put together a miscellany of Dorothy Parker's uncollected verse. He selects and edits the book himself, gives untitled poems titles and does all the other things associated with editing a volume of poetry. After a round of submission to publishers, Penguin's offer comes in at $2000 and unsatisfied, Silverstein goes with Scribner. The book is published as NOT MUCH FUN.
Which is an apt descriptor of what happens next, for when Penguin's Complete Poems of Dorothy Parker appears, the Uncollected section is essentially a verbatim copy of Silverstein's book – down to editing errors and the titles he gave untitled poems. There's not a whisper of attribution, either, says Leith, even though one of Penguin's editors later tells the court she, quite literally, photocopied NOT MUCH FUN in preparing Penguin's edition. A lawsuit is filed, and there's much back and forth over the next 13 years, with Silverstein winning most of the battles but losing the most recent in the Court of Appeals.
And so, on July 17 at the Daniel Patrick Moynihan Federal Courthouse here in Manhattan, Silverstein will indeed have his day in court as his lawyers and Penguin's face off in front of Judge John F. Keenan.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I was chillen this weekend, and saw the video for this joint on MTV2. This track has to many big names on it, and I haven't seen this song on any of the other blogs so I figured that I would throw it up. Sa-Ra on the beat. This is just on some Grammy Family shit.
"Everybody"- Fonzworth Bentley ft Kanye West & Andre 3000
To Preview Track Click Here


text:
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CEO, Adlucent
Michael Griffin is founder and CEO of Adlucent, a leading retail marketing technology and analytics company. Michael has over 12 years of experience helping retailers succeed with digital advertising. Prior to founding Adlucent, he managed paid search for Amazon.com, where he helped grow annual revenues driven by search advertising by 300% in one year.
Michael is an expert in SEM, bid optimization, consumer demand intelligence and retail analytics. He speaks frequently about advertising strategies that drive successful e-commerce, and is quoted widely in major media outlets such as The New York Times, Inc. Magazine, Search Insider and TechCrunch. An active member of the Shop.org Research Committee, Michael participates in advancing technology and best practices for the global e-commerce industry.
A successful serial entrepreneur, Michael previously founded PriceFight.com, a pay-for-performance consumer retail price comparison site, as well as Coffeeresearch.org, the largest educationally driven website about the coffee industry. Michael attended the University of Texas at Austin, where he did work toward a PhD in analytical chemistry. He is the recipient of the prestigious Watson Fellowship and holds a BS degree from Davidson College. Michael has spoken recently at Search Insider Summit, Shop.org Annual, Shop.org Online Merchandising Summit, Executive Summit on Big Data and ERA D2C.
© 2017 Third Door Media Inc.


text:
The links below provide considerable information about the who, where,
what, and why of the APCG.
Past Annual Meetings--places,
dates, and more.
2008 Constitution
of the APCG
2008 Bylaws of the APCG
1962 Incorporation
Distinguished Service
Officers (all
APCG officers from 1935 to the present)
(all Pacific Division AAG Councillors from 1968 to the present)
Charter Members
(the original forty-four members as of October 15, 1935)
APCG Archives
(holdings at the Center for Northwest Studies, WWU)
Short history of the Women's Network
(17k, .pdf)
George Kimber
(Biography of Charter Member and 1st Vice President)


text:
Generation and Migration
I. Introduction- Origin of oil
A theory of the origin of the oil must explain a series of facts:
A. Geologic:
(1) Most hydrocarbon deposits occur in sedimentary rocks, most of the
sedimentary rocks with oil are marine.
(2)Many hydrocarbon deposits occur in porous and permeable sandstones
and carbonate rocks, which are totally enclosed in other impermeable rocks.
(3) Other minor geologic occurances:
a) in basement rocks, not voluminous
b) igneous and metamorphic rocks, but commercial deposits are always
laterally continuous with sedimentary rocks
c) Taces of hydrocarbons occur in stony chondritic meteorites
B. Chemical
(1) Differences between old and young oils:
a) Old oils contain more even-numbered chains than young oils (these
tend to have odd number chains).
b) Old oils contain more than 50% light hydrocarbons, which are rare
in young sediments.
(2) Similarities between crude oils and organically produced hydrocarbons
a) both have optical property of levorotation
b) Both contain specific complex organic molecules (porphyrins- containing
a 5-member ring with a N substituted for a carbon, and steroids- complex
heavy hydrocarbons, Typically C25)
c) There are biomarkers that can be identified in particular source
beds and crude oils.
(3) Similar fingerprinting can be done using gas chromatography.
II. Origin- Inorganic vs. Organic
A. Inorganic origin
(1) Extraterrestrial occurances of hydrocarbons used to support theory
that hydrocarbons may be inorganic;
(2) If hydrocarbons are abiotic, they should be contained in the mantle
and migrate to their positions in the crust. Test of the theory is to look
at occurences of hydrocarbons. Would hypothesize an association with igneous
rocks, deep crustal structures and faults:
(1) Gases, bitumen, and liquids in vesicles and inclusions. None
of these are commercial. This type of "igneous" hydrocarbons
most likely to have originated from mantle sources, but also may be from
alteration of intruded sediments prior to freezing of magma.
(2) Trapped hydrocarbons where igneous rocks intrude sediments.
These are relatively common although form only a very minor part of commercial
deposits. "Fingerprinting" of the oil and kerogen of the sediment
shows that the oil is derived from the sediment and not carried in with
the magma. The heat from the intrusion alter the organic matter, so not
of igneous origin.
(3) Hydrocarbons in weathered igneous basement. These deposits
usually underly unconformities that separate the igneous rocks from overlying
sediment. The porosity is provided by weathering, and thus the oil must
have migrated into the basement rocks after they were emplaced and weathered.
Unlikely that the oil migrated along with the deposits.
(3) Major test of the abiotic origin of oil.
Tommy Gold (Faculty at Cornell and Nobel Laureate(?)) is major proponent
of mantle source of hydrocarbons.
Suggested that the Siljan ring- meteorite crator in the Precambrian
basement of the cratonic shield of Sweden would be likely place to allow
hydrocarbons to escape from the mantle. There had been reports of oil in
the overlying Ordovician and Silurian sediments.
Drilled two wells, one drilled to 6957 m. The well was abandonded because
of lost circulation problems- drill mud flowed into the formation. Suggests
there is porosity and permeability at depth- ie possible oil reservoir.
Only 85 barrels of oil was produced from the well- later found that
the material was contamination from the drilling mud.
BUT- Only 1 in 10 wells discover oil, and probably fewer in places
where there is little subsurface information. Therefore, they may need
to drill more wells to find the mantle oil.
(4) Summary- there is almost certainly abiotic oil, extraterrestrial
and some associated with igneous rocks, but it is not commercial. This
leaves us with primarialy a biogenic origin.
III. Organic Origin/processes of preservation
Total carbon on earth surface- 2.65 x 1020 g, ~82% is in CO3 rocks,
~18% is in hydrocarbons.
The reduction of oxidized carbon is caused by photosynethsizing plants
and algea. They take energy from the sun and convert CO2 into glucose (C6H12O6).
The glucose molecules are the basis of constructing more complex organic
molecules by animals and plants. These complex molecules include:
(1) proteins- largely animal molecules containing C, H, O, N, S, P-
they are found as amino acids
(2) Lignin- Largely plant molecules, ound in the higher order plants.
Composed of aromatics.
(3) carbonhydrates- these have formula Cn(H2O)n. They are the sugars,
and polymers of sugars called cellulose, starch, and chitin.
(4) Lipids- organic molecules that are insoluble in water. They are
fats, oils, and waxes. Contain C, H, and O. Contain 5 carbon atoms- C5H8.
In most cases, these complex molecules are oxidized to CO2, largely
by bacteria. In exceptional cases, the complex organic molecules are preserved,
buried, and converted into hydrocarbons.
See Fig. 5.4 in Seeley
A. Preservation of Organic Matter in Ancient Sediments
The distribution and preservation of organic matter in ancient sediments
is difficult to predict, but this is what is critical, because it is the
fundamental reason why a particular sedimentary basin may or may not be
The oceans have contain diverse and voluminous organism since the precambrian
radiation. However, the composition of the organic matter may have changed-
(1) the amount of lignn may have increased relative to the other organic
(2) the amount of phytoplankton may have increased with two major blooms
(a) in the late Ordovician to early Silurian and (2) in the late Cretaceous.
Because marine organisms are the source of oil, it is important to understand
their distribution and how they may be preserved. The way to do this is
look at the modern distribution and mechanisms of preservation
B. Productivity and preservation of organic matter- modern environments
OM(sediment) = Production/destruction
There is a link between the production and destruction, however- when
production increases, the destruction decreases. This means the processes
the control the amount of organic matter in the sediment are not linearly
i.e. destruction = f(production)
It is possible (although not terribly easy) to determine the rate of
production in modern oceans. It is also possible (although even more difficult)
to determine the rate of destruction in modern oceans.
It is much more difficult to determine production and destruction rate
in ancient sediments, particularly for terrestrial environments.
There are large differences between marine and terrestrial environments-
discussed separately
Why would you care about these kind of questions in petroleum geology
class- because the oil is where the organic matter is.
(1) Marine Organic matter- preservation
"In the sea, as on the land, all organic matter is originally formed
by photosynthesis"- NOT TRUE. There are "chemosynthetic"
biota that derive their energy from chemical reations rather than photo
reactions. But these are relatively minor; they are unlikely to form commercial
oil deposits.
a) Production:
Considering only photosynthesis, two important parameters for photosynthesis:
(1) amount of light- controlled by water depth, the latitude, and turbidity
of the water.
(2) chemical conditions in the water- proper fertilizers. Ocean waters
are "limited" in nitrogen and phosphorous. There is not enough
of these elements in most of the ocean's waters to support production of
organic matter. Thus most organic matter will be produced in areas where
there is nitrogen and phosphorous introduced to the water.
Because of the controls on production, the distribution of organic matter
in the world's oceans are not uniform.
Low production:
(1) in the center of large oceans- oceanic gyres. These are "marine
(2) in the polar oceans.
High production:
(1) along the eastern margins of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
(2) at the boundary between the polar and equitorial oceans
(3) along the equator.
These distribution of productivity have to do with oceanic circulation.
The major oceanic circulation patterns allow upweling to occur where
water is brought to the surface, into the photic zone, from depth. Called
upwelling. It occurs only in certain places in the worlds oceans because
the oceans are typically stratified- the warmer water is on the top, and
prevents the deeper, colder, more dense water from coming to the surface.
This is partly the signficance of El Nino.
The deeper water contains more nutrients (N and P) because there has
been organic matter decay and diffusion from the sediments.
Upwelling is not really a deep phenomenon- the "deep water"
comes from 200 to 400 m water depth.
b) conditions favorable for preservation
Two important factors (1) sedimentation rate and (2) bottom water oxygen
content (oxidation of the organic matter)
(i) Sedimentation rate:
Look at Fig. 5.7
Different types of sediment show the same pattern of relationship between
sedimentation rate and amount of organic matter.
In general the amount of organic matter is positively correlated with
sed rate, to a particular rate, and then there is an inverse correlation
at greater sedimentation rates.
The explanation for the positive correlation is that at low sedimentation
rate, organic matter is retained on the seafloor in contact with oxygenated
water and oxidized. So that faster burial removes the sediment rapidly
from contact with the oxygen.
The negative correlation results from dilution effect- with more rapid
sedimentation there is more material other than organic matter so that
the organic matter is reduces the concentration.
Note that the accumulation of organic matter (essentially concentration/sed
rate) could still go up, it is just the concentration that decreases.
(ii) Bottom water oxygen content:
The amount of oxygen in bottom water controls how much organic matter
will be oxidized, but the amount of oxygen in many instances relates to
the amount of organic matter produced.
The amount of bottom water oxygen largely depends on the stratification
of the water body:
(1) Lakes- warm water stratification allows mixing in the upper
water layers, but stagnation in the bottom layers. As organic matter decays
in the lower layers, the oxygen is used, until none is left and much of
the remaining organic matter will be preserved.
Modern examples are in the African lakes. Ancient examples in Tertiary
lakes of Colorado, Utah, Wyoming (e.g. Green River oil shales and fossil
fish- no bioturbation).
(2) Barred basin- salinity stratification in regions where there
is high evaporation rates. Anoxic conditions similar to lakes can occur.
This type of situation occurs inthe Black sea- where very organic rich
sediments are being deposited. To a certain extent the same thing is occurring
in the Mediterranean, although not as strongly as the Black sea.
(3) Upwelling zones- In these regions there is sufficient organic
matter settling thorgh the water column that the water becomes depleted
in oxygen between ~200 and 1500 m. Thus along continental shelves and slopes,
where this low oxygen water contacts the sediment, there is enhanced preservation
Examples are California, Peru, Namibia &Gabon
(4) Anoxic ocean basins There are no modern examples of this,
but it is believed that the cretaceous ocean may have gone anoxic in a
manner similar to that of lakes. In these instances, the deep circulation,
driven by cold downwelling currents at the poles, or saline downwelling
currents at the equator stop. It is these currents that "ventilate"
the bottom water so that when they turn off, there is no way to oxygenated
water to the bottom of ocean.
Most of the evidence is from the Cretaceous Atlantic, which was just
opening at that time. This means that the anoxic basins may not be a global
(2) Organic productivity and preservation in Modern Continental Environments
There is little reason to talk about this preservation, because most
of continental organic matter is altered to coal, rather than liquid hydrocarbons.
Essentially, the production and preservation depends on availability
of water and temperatures. Only sediments that would be preserved are important,
and thus upland areas, which are eroded, would not be a place for preservation.
The remaining continental environment is swamps, these produce coal.
IV. Formation of Kerogen
What happens to all the organic matter (i.e. bug guts) as it gets buried?
Obviously it is subjected to higher pressure and temperatures. Three major
steps. Of course there are gradations between steps, like all things in
(1) Diagenesis
(2) Catagenesis
(3) Metagenesis.
A. Shallow diagenesis of organic matter
With burial into the sediment, the Eh of the pore water continues to
decline. The rate at which is declines, and the starting value all relate
to the oxygen continent of the overlying water (e.g. well oxygenated or
At each level, different species of bacteria use different elements
or compounds as the oxidants to oxidyze the organic matter.
This redox reaction is how the bacteria gain energy to live, and the
specific compound they use determines the amount of energy they can get
from the reaction.
The chemical composition of organic matter is generally taken to contain
C, H, O, N, and P. The C/N/P ratio is very constant in marine organic matter
and is generally said to be 116/16/1. This is called the Redfield ratio
after its discoverer. The ratio is different and more variable in continental
organic matter.
(1) Reactions of organic matter:
Look at the reactions on p. 200 and 201
The series of major oxidants are:
(a) Oxygen, this provides 30 kcal/moles of energy
(b) Nitrate (NO3) and Nitrite (NO2). Most of the oxygenated nitrogen
species at the pH and Eh of seawater are as nitrate. This reaction provides
~20 kcal/moles
(c) Sulfate This reaction provides 5 kcal/mole of energy
(d) Carbon dioxide. This reaction provides the least amount of
energy. ~4 kcal/mole
(e) other oxidants: There are other minor species that can act
as oxidants. These include Fe and Mn oxides and Iodate. They are similar
in energy produced to the nitrate. In other words, Fe and Mn oxides are
reduced at about the same level as the nitrate. This is seen as a rapid
increase in the amount of dissolved Fe and Mn in the sediment (Reduced
Fe and Mn are very soluble, oxidized Fe and Mn are not).
(2) Inorganic reactions
There are several inorganic reactions that also occur. They are important
because they can control the physical properties of the sediment- e.g.
the porosity and permeability which are important for migration of hydrocarbons.
(a) Iron minerals- The formation of reactive sulfide and soluble
Fe(II) allows the precipitation of pyrite and siderite. Both of these minerals
are very common in organic rich (ie. black) shales.
(b) Other carbon minerals- Calcite and dolomite can form at shallowburial
depths, but with increased burial, there is a lack of Mg ions and so calcite
becomes the major carbonate mineral. The Ca for the calcite comes from
the dissolution of biogenic calcite in the sediments. The only source for
Mg is from seawater and if sedimentation is fast enough, then it is rapidly
B. Chemistry of Kerogen
After these shallow diagenetic reactions, the remaining solid organic
matter is now kerogen. It is distinguished as being insoluble in organic
solvents. There are three types of kerogen depending on the organic matter
that was the precursor. These three types generate three different types
of oil
(1) Type I- Algal
Higher in H/O ratio than the other kerogens- typically 1.2 to 1.7. The
H/C ratio is 1.65 (note, these are all weight ratios). The organic compounds
are typically lipids (fats).
(2) Type II- combination algal and zooplankton and phytoplankton
Has intermediate H/C and H/O ratio to those of Type I and Type II
(3) Type III- generally from woody (land) plants- Humic material
Rich in aromatics, but low in aliphatic compounds. It has a very low
H/C ratio and higher H/O ratio. Generally undergoes diagenesis to form
coal- the only liquid hydrocarbon it produces is methane.
Thus, when evaluating an province it is important to determine the amount,
as well as the type of kerogen present.
C. Maturation of kerogen
As the kerogen is subjected to deeper burial and increased P and T,
it begins to release HC. The rate and types of hydrocarbons released depend
on the rate of heating and the length of time available for heating.
Empirical evidence for the T for oil vs gas generation are:
(1) Kinetics:
Arrhenius equation-
k = Aexp(-E/RT)
Where: k is reaction rate constant (1/m.y.), A is frequency factor (1/m.y.),
E is the activation energy (kJ/mol), R is the gas constant (kJ/mol K),
and T is the temperature in kelvins.
a) The C-S bonds are weaker than C-C bonds so that the kerogen can decompose
at lower temperatures (ie. lower activation energy)
b) Recent paper (Lewan, 1998 Nature, v. 391, p. 164) proposes that the
S released during organic matter diagenesis catalyzes the reaction.
In general, reaction rates double for every 10°C increase in temperature.
But the Arrhenius equation only gives the rate that hydrocarbons
are generated. Thus, to calculate the total volume (= $$$$) you also need
to know the amount of time that the kerogen has been at the oil generating
(2) Techniques for determining the quantity of generated hydrocarbons
a) Level of Organic Maturatiy (LOM)
b) Time-temperature index (TTI).
x% = [1-exp(-STTI/100)]*100
(3) Techniques for determining temperature (Paleothermometers)
The major unkown variable in the TTI calculations is the temperature
that the organic matter has been subjected to. The problem is that the
geothermal gradient may have changed with time, so that the temperature
at the bottom of the hole is different from the temperature in the past.
There are a variaty of techniques to determine the temperature that
organic matter has reached.
a) Carbon ratio technique Not well calibrated. Compares residual
carbon after pyrolysis at 900°C and the total C in the sample. Ratio
of Cr/Ct. Idea is that "fresh" OM has more easily removed C than
"old and altered" OM. This means the Cr/Ct ratio increases with
b) Electron spin resonance The number of free electrons vary
with maturity and can be measured. There are problems associated with recycling
of organic matter and original variations in the organic matter- difficult
to calibrate.
c) Pyrolysis The heating of source rocks and detection of the
hydrocarbons that are given off. Most common technique is through Rock-Eval
(1) S1 represents free hydrocarbons in the rock (ie. already generated)
(2) S3 represents the release of carboxyl groups as CO2
(3) S2 represents the hydrocarbons that are generated by break down
of the kerogen present inthe rocks.
Fig. 10-8, Hunt
d) Gas chromatography There is an evolution of the distribution
of n-alkanes. Calibrate the technique.
Fig. 5.18
e) Clay mineral analysis Various clay minerals alter diagenetically
to new minerals at specific temperatures:
f) Fluid inclusions
g) Pollen color Spores and pollen are colorless when formed.
As they heat up they gradually become darker.
h) Vitrinite reflectance
V. Migration
Many observations indicate that HC found in reservoir beds (porous and
permeable) did nt originate there:
(1) HC form at depth through increased T and P. Must have moved away
after formation.
(2) HC found in secondary porosity- HC must have flowed in after the
porosity formed.
(3) HC typically found in the highest portion of laterally continuous
porous and permeable beds- implies upward and lateral migration
(4) Oil, gas and water are stratified according to their densities.
Implies they are free to move laterally and vertically.
Two types of migration:
(1) Primary migration- The initial movement of hydrocarbons from
the source rock into permeable carrier beds and reservoirs
(2) Secondary migration- subsequent movement of the hydrocarbons
through permeable beds. Driven by bouyancy of the fluids and the migration
occurs when the HC are fluid.
A. How does primary migration occur?
Major questions still as to how the HC migrate out primary migration
The problem is that most source rocks are fine grained, and thus generally
have low permeability. The porosity of the source rocks is generally low
by the time that they are buried into the oil generating window, which
implies two things:
(1) there is little additional compaction driven migration of water
from the pore space
(2) What little permeability present originally is now gone.
Fig. 5.20
The major problem is a size problem:
Pore throats in shales at 2000 m depth are on the order 50 to 100Å,
but individual, large hydrocarbon molecules range from 10 to 100Å.
Thus droplets of oil are likely to be too large to pass through the pore
throats, particulalry when they are water wet. That is when there is water
adhered to the clay that also reduces the size of the throats.
An alternate explanation is that the source beds are not water wet,
but have continues oil phase with no water. This may be true in very rich
beds, but lean beds it is unlikely to occur.
(1) Release of interstitial water in clay minerals
Although most of the pore water in sediments is removed through
compaction by the time oil generation is reached during burial, there is
still the bound water (interlayer water) in clay minerals present in the
This bound water is released from the clays at temperatures that are
in the oil window. The depth depends on the geothermal gradient
Appears that there is a correspondence between the depth of the release
of water from clay mienrals and the maximum number of tops of oil reservoirs.
Is this proof that dehydrationof clays is responsible for primary oil migration?
What are problems?:
Fig. 5.24
(1) Depth of drilling. Likely that the depth of the maximum will shift
downward as more deep wells are drilled and more deep reservoirs are discovered
(2) Correlation does not require causality
(3) Oil migrates in the subsurface, and migration is vertical. Thus,
it is likely that the generation of oil occurred at depths below the location
where it is found (i.e. the reservoir).
(4) The figure is from the Gulf coast which contains much smectite clays.
Other oil producing regions have little clay material.
(2) Interstitial hydrocarbons
Not only water, but hydrocarbons may also be included in the interlayer
sites of clay minerals. May provide a mechanism for primary migration-
the hydrocarbons will be released along with the water.
(3) Overpressuring
Overpressuring is when the pore fluid pressure are greater than hydrostatic
for some reason. Processes include:
(1) dewatering of clays, which provide excess water to the pore space
increasing the mass, without necessarily increasing the volume of the pore
(2) conversion of solid kerogen to liquid hydrocarbon. There is a volume
change with this process where the liquid is greater volume than the original
volume taken up by. May drive primary migration (e.g. see Bredehoeft article).
(3) Cementation of porosity reducing volume, without changing the volume
of fluids present in the pore space
(4) Rapid loading of sediment, preventing escape of fluids and increasing
the lithistatic load on the pore fluids.
B. Explusion Mechanisms
Several theories, none satisfactory:
(1) Protopetroleum
Idea: Petroleum is expelled from source rocks before they have been
converted to water insoluble molecules. They are expelled when they are
ketones, adics and esters.
Problem: Concentrations of these compounds are low in in source rocks.
The compounds are easily adsorbed onto the surfaces of clay minerals. They
should not evolve into hydrocarbons in the reservoir bed once they migrate
(2) Expulsion at high temperatures
Idea: HC are more soluble at high temperatures than low temperatures,
e.g. see Figs. 5.26 and 5.27 for relationship. At T > 150°C, 50
to 200 ppm HC can be soluble in water. This is one to two orders of magnitude
greater than at T < 100°C. Also lower weight hydroacrabons (the
gases) are faily soluble even at lower T
Problem: These temperatures are greater than the oil generating window.
At these higher temperatures, porosity and permeability may be destroyed.
Also the hydrocarbons will thermally breakdown
(3) Micelles
Idea: Micelss are "colloidal organic acid soaps". One end
is hydrophobic, the other hydrophylic. They can link water molecules with
hydrocarbon molecules allowing migration. Hydrocarbon types have different
solubilities with different micelles, and it turns out the distribution
of these hydrocarbons matches the distribution of micelles.
Problem: For sufficient HC to have migrated requires a very high micelle/HC
ratio, but there are only trace quantities of micelles. Also, micelles
molecules are larger than pore throats in clays, so they would not fit
through the openings.
(4) Gases
Idea: High CO2 concentrations will precipitate calcite, reducing pore
volumes and increasing pore pressures. CO2 also lowers the viscosity of
oil, allowing it to flow more freely. Also some HC may migrate out of the
source bed as gases, and then subsequenty condence.
Problems: precipitation of CO2 will also reduce permeability. Also most
CO2 is generated during diagenesis, and before catagenesis, and so may
be lost from the system. Primary migration of HC gases can't explain primary
migration of the heavier hydrocarbons.


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A local hero has become a published author.
Jamie Summerlin celebrated the release of his new book "Freedom Run" at the Barnes and Noble in Morgantown Saturday afternoon.
The book chronicles Summerlin's 3,000 mile run across the country to benefit the Wounded Warrior Project.
Summerlin said he wants to inspire others to make a difference too.
"This hopefully becomes something that will inspire others to think outside the box, to really dream big, and understand that you can do anything you set your mind to. Hopefully it inspires people to look at how they can make a difference in their own communities," said Summerlin.
You can find a link to more information about his book here.


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Drawers 4 Kids
Decorative Drawer Handles for Fun Bedrooms
From lions to hippos, Lego to Batman, owls to dinosaurs and a whole bunch more, these decorative drawer handles by Drawers 4 Kids are a unique way to repurpose furniture for fun - instantly! Vibrant, super cute and impossibly cheerful, these decorative morsels are handcrafted from quality plaster before being handpainted and finished in gloss. Find knobs to fit all furniture pieces, whether large or small drawers, desks, cabinets, dressers or tallboys. Drawers 4 Kids make regular rigid, mundane objects utterly delightful!
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Hulk Hogan sues ex-wife over gay claim
Wrestler Hogan says Linda Bollea's claims he had gay affairs are insane
Wrestler Hulk Hogan is suing his ex-wife for claiming he is gay in her autobiography and branded the allegation 'insane'.
The 18-page defamation lawsuit claims Linda Bollea wrote Wrestling the Hulk – My Life Against the Ropes to help revive her career. She wrote that her husband abused her during their marriage and had homosexual encounters.
Hogan – real name Terry Bollea – 58, said the claims have harmed his reputation. He's demanding a jury trial and a halt to his ex-wife's comments. He says she has also made claims during promotional interviews on national television.
He told US Weekly magazine: 'After the four-year crazy divorce I thought I'd heard everything in the courtroom. Then, all of a sudden, she says I abused her, that I was violent. She told everybody I was a homosexual.'
Linda Bollea, 64, received more than 70% of the couple's assets in their recent divorce settlement.


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WASHINGTON, Feb. 24 (UPI) -- New Jersey Sen. Corey Booker, a Hillary Clinton supporter, said Clinton has long been held to unfair standards compared to her male contemporaries.
"First and foremost, I'm a little frustrated by this," Booker told CNN on Wednesday when asked if Clinton should release transcripts of her paid speeches to financial institutions. Clinton once again refused to do so at a Democratic town hall on Tuesday night. "Let's stop putting her up to a higher standard," Booker said, calling the issue of Clinton's paid speeches a distraction.
"A lot of these things people are throwing at her are distractions from the core issues," he said. "What is your plan for the American people, and how realistic is it in this time of urgency? How are you going to move the bar?"
The New Jersey Democrat said the issue is symptomatic of a double standard Clinton has faced in the public eye for years.
"Even when I was supporting Obama back in 2008, I saw her treated in a different way," he said, citing "a different standard for her, different levels of vetting, different levels of examination, even articles criticizing what she was wearing and her hair that I didn't see for other candidates in the race."
Clinton's rival for the Democratic presidential nomination, Sen. Bernie Sanders, D-Vt., has repeatedly hammered Clinton on her speeches to Wall Street institutions. The Sanders campaign has pressed Clinton for the release of transcripts of those speeches, including transcripts of three speeches she gave to Goldman Sachs for which she was paid $675,000.


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Committee on Constitution & Canons
The Rev. Dr. Bruce Robison, St. Andrew's, Highland Park (2017)
Kenneth Stiles, Calvary, East Liberty (2017)
The Rev. Michelle Boomgaard, St. Paul's, Mt. Lebanon (2018)
Ansley Westbrook, St. Paul's, Mt. Lebanon (2018)
The Rev. Shawn Malarkey, Nativity, Crafton (2019)
Betsy Htzler, Atonement, Carnegie (2019)
Ex-officio Members:
The Rt. Rev. Dorsey W. M. McConnell, Bishop
Andrew Roman, Esq., Chancellor
Constitution & Canons


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Tapestry Picture - Floral - Pink Stargazer Lilies
35 pieces
6 comments
82 solvesSolve puzzle
I enjoyed stitching this little 6x9" picture of stargazer lillies. I intend to frame it and hang it in the spare room sometime but I am notorious for not getting my tapestries made up into anything!


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September 12, 2012 BY Aaron Hope
Of all the modifications Nike Sportswear has applied to its classic running library in recent years, this one might just be the closest to the original design. But if you've owned a pair of AM97s and then pick up the newly feather-light Nike Air Max 97 Hyperfuse, it becomes clear the reason is not that nothing has changed in fifteen years. It's true that the OG 'Silver Bullet' colorup is faithfully reproduced here on the welded mesh build, but more than evidence of a minor update, the squint-or-you'll-miss-it shift reminds us that NSW's techiest mainstay to this day looks the part of a contemporary performance machine. Caliroots will begin offering theirs on Friday afternoon, September 14th with the release date for US spots following on the 29th.
Nike Air Max 97 Hyperfuse NRG
Metallic Silver/Varsity Red-Black
Filed under: Air Max 97 Nike Air Max Running Upcoming Sneakers


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A dog that was missing for five years showed back up at his owner's front steps last week.
Impressive, right? More impressive is that the owner, Myrna Carillo, has moved four (4!) times over those five years yet her Shih Tzu was still able to find his way to his master.
"I was a bit scared more than anything. I didn't know if I was seeing something. I hope no one was playing a prank on me," Carillo told NBC News.
Vodpod videos no longer available.


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What is the Difference between Nebulizer, Humidifier and Vaporizer
If you are living in a cold area, the names like nebulizer, humidifier and vaporizer might be not new for you. Moreover, if you have been suffered from asthma or any other respiratory diseases, even you are living in a warm climate then you must know the exact meaning of these superb solutions. Actually, in case of suffering from asthma or some other respiratory diseases, the devices like nebulizer, humidifier and vaporizer are the efficient solutions of these problems. Here, is difference between these devices.
For curing respiratory diseases as well as asthma, nebulizers are the best solution. The medical suspensions that are harmful for respiratory system, are broke up by using oxygen, compressed air or ultrasonic power by means of nebulizers into little aerosol droplets. The way of this treatment is inhaling a mouthpiece device.
To raise the level of moisture in a single unit like a room, a device is used that is named as humidifier. There are two types humidifiers. First is point-of-use that is suitable for single room use. The second type is furnace humidifier that is feasible for complete home.
A vaporizer is an appliance generally attached to an anesthetic machine which delivers a given concentration of a volatile anesthetic agent. Vaporizers release moisture into the ambient air and are typically used to relieve dry air in homes and improve air quality.
Nebulizer vs Humidifier vs Vaporizer
No doubt, both vaporizers and nebulizers work by putting a liquid medium into the atmosphere. Nebulizers and vaporizers are different in a number of ways. Nebulizers are used only to treat a single person at a time; vaporizers can treat several people or a whole room, depending on the size of the vaporizer. Nebulizers are always medicated, while vaporizers typically are not. Nebulizers utilize liquids at room temperature; but warm-air vaporizers use liquids that have been heated. On the other hand, a humidifier can be used to break up phlegm in upper and lower respiratory infections, it is also used to treat dry skin and sinus headaches.
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KARACHI: A neurosurgery patient at the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center died at the hospital Thursday, after the protests at the hospital entered their second day.
This is the third patient to die at the hospital in the past two days. The man named, Mohammad Rizwan, was admitted at the neurosurgery ward number 6 of the hospital yesterday, waiting to be operated upon. But due to the protest at the hospital, his operation was postponed, resulting in his death today.
Earlier, a patient named Abdul Rehman, 30, and Saima, 20, also died as the doctors boycotted the out patients department and the emergency ward.
Since Tuesday, the JPMC doctors' association is protesting against the hospital administration and demanding the removal of Dr Seemin Jamali and Dr Tasneem Ahsan from their posts.
The protesters are also demanding that the hospital administration must be transferred to the province.
While executive director Tasneem Ahsan was not available for a comment, executive director of emergency ward, Dr Seemin Jamali said the "protests reek of some people forcing their own agenda".
"They (protesting doctors) have ransacked the department and are harassing us for the past two days. Is this the way to go about it?" Dr Jamali asked.
Some doctors are still sitting outside the director's office, she said.
Yesterday, two protesting doctors were injured in a scuffle with Rangers personnel.
Moreover, Pakistan Medical Association (PMA) while condemning the incident in a press conference yesterday said that since the day the Jinnah Sindh Medical University (JSMU) was announced, "some people are hell bent on causing trouble."
Apart from that, the hospital administration since its devolvement with the Sindh government has seen a number of protests on its premises as it would rather be with the federal government.
In the midst of calls for protests and violence, the patients admitted at the hospital continue to suffer, while their family members wait for some semblance of normalcy to return to the hospital.


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CU*Answers expands data fields to handle participation loans and deposits up to $1 billion for its members.
Credit unions must work together to outpace today's fraudsters as Dodd-Frank change in withdrawal rules has unintended consequence.
Saddled with pressures to reduce operating expenses, California and Nevada credit unions had been seeking an outlet to help minimize costs through a collaborative network.


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JibHeadwrote a review of Vittoria Latex Road Tube on June 8, 2012
Vittoria Latex Tube is great
After blowing through multiple cheapy tubes I decided to try these out. The Vittoria Latex Tube holds air much better and handles much more of a beating than those other lame tubes. These are definitely worth a try if you have problems with your tubes leaking or popping easy.


text: Today we get visuals from female emcee Leikeli47, in "Heard Em Say" which features fellow NYC resident, Curt@!n$. The bass drivenl track see Lei on the first two with Curt@!n$ wrapping things up, showing again how he is quietly inserting himself into many factions of music these days. Hit the jump for the visuals. Peace to Hypetrak.


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Empowering deserving military families with educational support and opportunities.
Bryce Molder emerged from a six hole playoff with Briny Baird to win the Frys.com Open.
Molder wearing FJ ICON and StaSof, began the day three strokes off of the 54 hole lead held by Briny Baird (FJ ICON). Playing a bogey free round, Molder captured the lead from Baird with a birdie on the par four 13th. Now playing from behind, Baird would hole out for eagle on the par four 17th for the second consecutive day to retake the lead at 17 under par. On his final hole Molder made a timely birdie to tie the lead and give himself a chance at a playoff. After Baird's birdie bid on the last came up short the playoff was set.
Both players would exchange pars and birdies on the first three playoff holes with no player gaining a distinct advantage until the fourth playoff hole when Molder drove his ball into a hazard on the drivable par 4 17th hole. Playing his second shot from the hazard, he would wedge it onto the green eventually tapping in for par. Baird would miss his birdie put on the same hole extending the playoff. Both players exchanged birdies on the next hole to move to the sixth and decisive hole. After a pure iron shot, Molder rolled in a six foot birdie putt to wrap up his first career PGA Tour victory.
Contests Molder! Another all FJ playoff!
Stupid Apple auto correct!
I love playoff golf. Matches like these will keep the fall series going.
Congratulations to him on his first win!
Good job!


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Chrysler 300K Classifieds
Selected Filters:Make: Chrysler Model: 300K
1964 Chrysler 300K Convertible
West Deptford, NJ
Gateway Classic Cars is excited to offer this rare 1964 Chrysler 300K to its Philadelphia showroom located in West Deptford NJ! The Chrysler... More
Advertiser since 2012
1964 Chrysler 300K Convertible
Emmerich am Rhein, Germany
1964 Chrysler 300K ConvertibleThis is a rare from the Chrysler 300k Letter Series Convertible. With only 625 pieces produced in 1964, the Chrysler 300k... More
1964 Chrysler 300K Convertible
Emmerich am Rhein, Germany
1964 Chrysler 300K ConvertibleThere are 625 pieces of the 1964 Chrysler 300k Letter Car Convertible build, this makes him a true collectors item.The Condition... More
1964 Chrysler 300K 2 Door Hard Top
Clinton Township, MI
Gorgeous and rare Original 75K mile 1964 Chrysler 300K letter car, factory equipped with the 390 horsepower 413 solid lifter engine. 100% RUST FREE... More
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1964 Chrysler 300K Hi-Po - This is one of only 625 Chrysler 300K convertibles built. It is special-order Champagne Metallic and one of 24... More
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Mopar fans know how important one little letter can be. It takes a nice full-size convertible and turns it into something that is rare,... More


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Core Homebuilders is pleased to announce that it has partnered with JamesHardie at its Brookwood Village community to provide buyers with a 100 percent JamesHardie home. All siding, including the trim, on homes at Brookwood Village uses brand name Hardieplank® siding.
Currently, JamesHardie is hosting a 100 percent Hardie sweepstakes. Every week during the sweepstakes, someone will win a $2,500 gift card to Williams-Sonoma, Amazon, Bed, Bath & Beyond or The Home Depot. To be eligible, you must visit the Brookwood Village model home between May 1 and June 26, 2014. In addition, entrants can double their chance of winning by taking a selfie at the Brookwood Village model home. Then, entrants must post the photo to Facebook, Twitter or Instagram using the hashtag #100HardieSelfie.
Located in Snellville, the established community of Brookwood Village currently has four new homes available. Featuring three or four bedrooms, these homes are priced from $187,900 through $190,900. The available homes include many luxury features, such as rear-entry garages, covered front porches, granite countertops, family rooms with a fireplace, spacious master suites and much more.
Brookwood Village's convenient location provides residents with easy access to several Gwinnett County parks, downtown Snellville, the Country Club of Gwinnett and Stone Mountain. In addition, the community is located in an award-winning school district that includes Brookwood Elementary, A.C. Crews Middle and Brookwood High schools.
For more information on the JamesHardie sweepstakes, click here. To learn more about the Brookwood Village community, contact Dwayne Hanks by calling 404-391-7588 or visit www.CoreHomebuilders.com.


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Can Chris Wondolowski produce?
He capped off a record-setting three-year scoring binge with a season as prolific as any in MLS history and drew compliments from all-world defender John Terry after a clinical finish against European champ Chelsea at the MLS All-Star Game last summer.
The question lingers nonetheless: Can Chris Wondolowski -- whose 59 goals for the San Jose Earthquakes from 2010 to 2012 (including 27 last season) are the best-ever three-year total in MLS history -- duplicate his club success at the international level?
World soccer history is littered with players like Robbie Fowler (England) and Roy Makaay (Netherlands), born goal-getters who -- for various reasons -- were never quite able to bridge the club-country gap.
U.S. fans have had their doubts about Wondolowski's ability to do so ever since he missed two sitters in the group stage of the 2011 Gold Cup. Then-coach Bob Bradley sat Wondolowski for the rest of the tournament, but when the 29-year-old got another chance under current boss Jurgen Klinsmann last January, the forward again squandered a golden opportunity to score in his lone start of the year.


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Use the tools below to refine your search by only displaying reviews with a certain number of star ratings or to only show reviews from a certain time period. Eg click on '1 star' to just display the reviews we have which received a 1 star rating click or 'Within the last month' to display just reviews posted over the last month.
Written on: 06/01/2010
mines a v5 auto. pretty juicy on short trips but does ok on a long run approx 36mpg. Its not the quickest thing but can put up a fight if the auto box thinks quick enough to drop a cog. As for comfort is superb. All the toys inc climatronic and lovely driving position. good for bad back and posture!ive had michelin tyres fitted so is smooth on motorways. The sound system is pretty good for standard with 6 disc changer too. The engine is chain driven so no cambelt to worry about and ive never… Read Full Review
Written on: 10/04/2009 by sean2789 (1 review written)
I have a 115 Bora sport TDI 6 speed.
This is one of the nicest cars i have ever driven.
Mine has been utterly reliable now at 138K miles.
Very quick, very smooth and handles like a beast!
Lots of room and is definitely stiff competiton for those audi and bmw drivers. You only have to look at it and think yes.
Lots of gadgets inside to keep you smiling on the motorway and generally smile every time you look at it. I bet anyone who ones a decent looking one can't help looking back eveytime you… Read Full Review
Written on: 05/03/2009 by katy8 (1 review written)
The Volkswagen Bora V5 is a great car to drive, smooth powerfull, good handling. Good medium sized car. big boot. Comfortable seats. Nice looks. One of the best cars I have driven. I have a 99 V5 2.3 bora. Average mpg is 25-30 quite bad considering I used to drive a 6 litre car which was the same on fuel. If they do get problems they can be expensive to fix. Great car but I find it's not the most reliable or economical. If you get one be sure to know a good mechanic as some vw dealers… Read Full Review
Written on: 08/11/2010
I found this review very helpful because...it concentrated on both the good and bad.
Written on: 05/02/2009
I have had my Volkswagen Bora V5 2.3 for a year and a half and its the best car i have ever driven. The power when you sink the foot is so great feels like you have a rocket at the back, it is very comfortable, the seating adjustments are good especially if you suffer from a bad back.
It passed it's MOT with flying colours, the only thing I had to get done since i had it is new brakes. I love all the gadgets that are inside the car i like the dash lights up blue sporty.
I think the… Read Full Review
Written on: 30/12/2008
The VW Bora is okay but running costs are too high...My next car will be definitley be Japanese...either a Mazda or a Honda… Read Full Review
Written on: 15/04/2008
The VW Bora is very responsive to your right foot. The v5 has the power to blow away any boy racers at the lights. I love it, although there is lack of leg room in the back for passengers, but if you are like me and short on the legs around 5'8 this will not be a problem for you… Read Full Review
Written on: 30/09/2007 by wmjnfoo (1 review written)
I have always had large cars before buying this, last one being Mondeo Ghia X but this is by for the best car I have had powerful enough to enjoy the drive but very good mpg even when driven hard. I really can't fault this car I was a mechanic for 11 yrs many moons ago and VW had a poor body work rep but this is in great condition without any real care and attention. I would love to change this just because boys like new toys but when I start looking I realise what a good car this is… Read Full Review
Written on: 30/11/2006 by Jaco Roets (1 review written)
The Volkswagen Bora is very good value if you compare it with a BMW 3 series and buy it with features like memory seats and rain sensors… Read Full Review
Written on: 26/04/2005 by davros006 (1 review written)
Well what can i say,the sump sits far too low on these Volkswagen Bora cars. I recently hit the sump on my car going up an upramp in a multistorey car park.
Got a quote for £300 until I went to get it fixed then the price rose to £800 as they had redisgned the original flaw in the sump. Volkswagen would accept no responsibility for the design flaw, ehh! Even though they had redesigned it. So I am left with a bill of £800... simple. I wouldnt recommend the car or maker to anyone. My experience… Read Full Review
Written on: 19/07/2004 by conkerman (1 review written)
I've had this Volkswagen Bora V5 2.3L family car for about a year now and am a real fan. The ride is second to none, sporty enough for the enthusiast (this replaced my Golf GTi) and refined enough for the family saloon market. Although this in itself is its biggest problem - as a family car it lacks legroom for child seats without having the front seats almost on the dash. Other than this, the 2.3 V5 provides smooth power and other than a sticking rear door catch (which was present when I… Read Full Review
Written on: 15/12/2003 by reedja (1 review written)
The Bora V5 2.3Lis a really good all rounder. The reliability is great, as you would expect from VW. The 150bhp engine(more on later cars) is acceptable but nothing to write home about. The cabin is very well laid out and is great to drive. If there was more room in the back the Bora would be excellent. If you have childrens seats in the back you need to have the front seats forward too far. This lets it down. Boot space is ample though… Read Full Review
Written on: 12/11/2002 by pheroah. (1 review written)
I am the proud owner of a new VW Bora V5. Unfortunately since I bought it I have had a lot of problems with engine noise/vibration and response of the motor.
I am not a crazy driver but I like to feel the power under my foot.
The fuel gauge is another crazy thing. Try a kick-down and you will find it saying you lost quarter of your tank. Don't worry it will come back eventually… Read Full Review
Written on: 30/11/2006
I think that you just have a Monday bad luck V5. Send the car to VW to fix.
<br/>Find out where is the best VW Dealer in your area and let them look at it.
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Ten years ago, every conspiracy theorist and book-smart rapper forecasted the impending "New World Order"– the plan of a secret government to control the world with an invisible hand. This Fall, 10.Deep is chiming in with their own take on the real order of the new world, in a collection inspired by their country's crumbling economy and failed Manifest Destiny tactics.
Today, we present the Delivery 1 Lookbook of the 10.Deep Fall 2008 "Veni Vidi Vici" collection, an offering that combines co-opted American iconography (imbued with their dark-humor sensibilities) with sophisticated button-ups, fleece garments, and technical outerwear.
The "Veni Vidi Vici" Collection hits stores this week. Check 10deep.com and your local retailer for more information, and keep your calendars marked for September 2nd, the drop-date for all online retailers.
Many more images of the 10.Deep Fall 2008 collection follow after the jump.


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FTC staff comment to the U.S. Department of Energy:
The Commission has authorized staff of the Bureau of Economics and of Policy Planning to submit an advocacy comment to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) regarding its proposal to impose mandatory reliability standards on the electric power industry that would be enforced by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). DOE is concerned that the existing voluntary, self-regulatory approach to electric power reliability, which is administered by the North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC), is at risk as competition intensifies under a variety of federal and state regulatory reforms.
The FTC has a longstanding interest in regulation and competition in energy markets, including proposals to reform regulation of the electric power and natural gas industries. The staff has submitted numerous comments concerning these issues at both the federal and state levels, and the FTC has reviewed proposed mergers of electric power companies with natural gas utility companies.
The staff comment explains that in a restructured electric power industry, reliability and competition issues are linked due to the need to match supply and demand instantaneously and continuously, given the fact that electric power cannot be stored. The comment then discusses three issues that DOE may wish to consider when deciding how best to ensure the continued reliability of electric power. First, the comment notes that efforts to address reliability in isolation from competition aspects of the economic performance of the power industry may not be successful, given the technological and market conditions that link these issues. Instead of limiting its concerns to reliability, DOE may wish to broaden its proposal to consider elements of comprehensive regulatory reform.
Second, if DOE does choose to restrict its proposal to reliability concerns, the comment suggests that the agency may wish to explicitly recognize that competition policy instruments are likely to have such an impact on reliability that they should be included in the flexible array of reliability policy instruments considered by FERC and state regulators. Finally, the comment notes that DOE may wish to consider whether, and under what circumstances, the formation of regional transmission organizations (RTOs) subsumes the present proposal.
This comment represents the views of the staff of the Bureau of Economics and of Policy Planning of the Federal Trade Commission. They are not necessarily the views of the Federal Trade Commission or any individual Commissioner. The Commission vote authorizing staff to file the comment was 5-0. The complete comment is available on the FTC Web site, as detailed below. (File No. V000016; staff contact is Michael S. Wroblewski, 202-326-2155.)
Copies of the documents mentioned in this release are available from the FTC's Web site at http://www.ftc.gov and also from the FTC's Consumer Response Center, Room 130, 600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20580. The FTC works for the consumer to prevent fraudulent, deceptive and unfair business practices in the marketplace and to provide information to help consumers spot, stop and avoid them. To file a complaint, or to get free information on any of 150 consumer topics, call toll-free, 1-877-FTC-HELP (1-877-382-4357), or use the online complaint form. The FTC enters Internet, telemarketing and other fraud-related complaints into Consumer Sentinel, a secure, online database available to hundreds of civil and criminal law enforcement agencies worldwide.
Office of Public Affairs


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- Published: 03 December 2014
Vanquished Vice President, Joice Mujuru, is allegedly on the verge of being arrested for an array of serious charges, largely believed to be trumped-up, which include treason, espionage and corruption, in a bid to end her political career by Zanu PF foes backing the first family's power retention at the ongoing party congress in Harare, The Telescope News, has gathered.
Although Mujuru seemed to have initially survived charges of allegedly plotting to assassinate President Robert Mugabe, thrown into her face recently by Mugabe's wife Grace, who also said the VP wants to kill her, a faction backing the Mugabes with reported links to elements supporting justice minister, Emmerson Mnangagwa, to succeed Mugabe, are said to be now pushing for the embattled Mujuru to face espionage and graft charges, thereby plotting her arrest after the congress "to finish her off", high level cabinet sources have confirmed.
The ploy is also designed to send her into political oblivion, while enfeebling chances that she may form a new political party, to challenge Zanu PF in the 2018 presidential polls, our information further shows.
"It is unfortunate that the General (the late Solomon Mujuru) is no longer with us, otherwise this nonsense was not going to be taking place," said an irate minister who openly said they sympathise with the outgoing vice president. "This is the reason why Chihuri is being forced to step down, following immense pressure on him to arrest the VP but he refused to budge, thus inviting anger from Grace Mugabe, who claims to have evidence against Mujuru, including audio recordings to prove her case."
The minister said if Chihuri leaves office at the end of this year, as is being rumoured, then his preferred replacement, major general Trust Mugova based at KG IV Barracks, was likely to appease Mnangagwa's backers by humiliating Mujuru with "a mock arrest" for political humiliation.
Mujuru's fate as former VP will be sealed today, at a Central Committee meeting that will see Zanu PF's constitution being tinkered with, to give Mugabe full powers to appoint his deputies and the party chairman.
In a statement last month,Mujuru vowed to take legal action against State newspapers, The Herald and The Sunday Mail for publishing damning articles implicating the politician with treason and corruption.
"I deny any and all the allegations of treason, corruption, incompetence, and misuse of public office being routinely made against me in The Herald and Sunday Mail Newspapers. I have briefed my legal practitioners to take the necessary steps, at law, to restore my good reputation, political standing and dignity. I stand ready to defend myself before the party, and in any court of law on any of the allegations made against me, at any time, in accordance with the laws of Zimbabwe," Mujuru said.
The Telescope News, has been told that the new political strategy around the mooted espionage charges, was aimed at reviving whistle-blower website Wiki-leaks cables on Mujuru's contact with various U.S officials, as she allegedly sought assistance from Washington to unseat Mugabe.
"They want to accuse her of selling and disclosing State secrets to hostile governments, with America and Britain topping the list. Although nothing seems to hold water, some intelligence operatives have been tasked with tracking the meetings she had with Western diplomats recently, and retrieve any mobile or electronic communications between the parties, so as to have tangible evidence against her. This trap might actually succeed, but I don't see them eventually finding her guilty, later alone sending her to jail. Their goal is to silence her, and force her out of politics," another long serving minister said in a telephone interview late last night.
Mugabe himself is said to be against arresting Mujuru, but the first lady reportedly wants Mujuru to publicly apologise to Mugabe or else be "taught a lesson".
Some forces inside the party's Women's League are also siding with Grace, and want at minimum for Mujuru to be dragged to court, to show that she is not above the law.
Mujuru is not the first high ranking government official to be accused by her political enemies of falsified espionage. A few years ago two cabinet ministers, then Local Government Minister Ignatius Chombo and National Security Minister Nicholas Goche found themselves under investigation on espionage charges.
The duo were believed to have divulged confidential information to "hostile intelligence agencies," including the US Central Intelligence Agency and Britain's MI5. However the charges died a natural death.
Meanwhile powerful Zanu PF women leaders, Oppah Muchinguri and Edna Madzongwe, are all but almost certain to be rewarded with presidium posts by Mugabe by the end of this week, as the party's so-called elective congress, nudges ahead to line up Mugabe's two new deputies in government and Zanu PF.
According to recent media reports, Mugabe is likely to appoint four deputies or vice presidents. Two shall deputise him at the party level, and the other two in the government presidium, as he performs a delicate balancing act in accommodating a host of competing candidates.
It appears Mnangagwa and Muchinguri could be hot favourites for the two new VP slots in government, while Madzongwe and party chairman Simon Khaya-Moyo or home affairs minister Kembo Mohadi are likely to be promoted as the two vice presidents of the party, our sources contend. Mugabe might also decide to play a combination of his liking with the new appointments.


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Re: Barbara Manahan, artist in 1800's?
In reply to:
Barbara Manahan, artist in 1800's?
My mother contacted me yesturday regarding this same drawing. I went on line to find out any information about the artist and all i found was this sight with people searching for this artist. I am curoius if you have gotten any further in your search. I do believe that my mother is in possesion of the same drawing as you. They are numbered and from what she says it is a woman on a horse carrying her prized possesions behind her. She in fact has 10 numbered copies of this. How odd that I can not find any history on this talented artist. If you have any further information on her please contact me at firstname.lastname@example.com
Thank you
Karen Chandler


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By JIM TAPSCOTT
America is one vote away from losing our liberty; U.S. Supreme Court narrowly upholds right to bear arms 5-4.
Ramona Tea'd Constitutional Forum to discuss Firearms = Freedom at Mainstage on July 31.
In June 2010, five justices of the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Second Amendment of the Constitution, affirming the right of the people to bear arms, a right that has been upheld for 234 years.
That's the good news. The bad news is that four Supreme Court justices ruled to deny the citizen's right of self-defense. This means that our right to bear arms is hanging by a thread, within one single vote of being abolished and of us resultingly losing our liberty. If we allow the liberal elitists to abolish the Second Amendment, we will soon lose every other right because we will have lost the ultimate ability to defend those rights and to defend ourselves.
The Second Amendment to the Constitution states: "The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed." So on what basis of reasoning did four justices rule to infringe on the rights of the people and to deny that God-given right of self-defense? Don't they understand the English language?
It seems they want to impose their personal liberal ideology onto the citizens rather than to defend the law. But most likely the progressive (totalitarian) left doesn't want the people to be armed, because they know they can't control an armed people. That's exactly why the founders made sure that a self-governing people must have the right to be armed. We must understand that armed people are citizens in control of their government, while unarmed people will be reduced to lowly subjects (sad, but very true).
Ever since the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution and the Bill of Rights were adopted, the progressives, the liberals and the left have been trying to destroy our founding documents. They constantly clamor that the Constitution is a living document, subject to their interpretation. They don't accept it as the foundation for our law.
Rather they want it to be whatever serves their purposes at any given moment. They sneer at the facts stated in the Declaration of Independence that our rights come from God and wrongly hold that our rights are granted from their idol: the government.
The Bill of Rights is very clear in its meaning and intent. It was written in simple terms that any layman could understand.
It was intended as a limitation on government power; it's all about what the government can't do to the people, such as: "Congress shall make no law." Because the Constitution can't defend itself, it's up to the people to make sure our elected representatives and justices' respect and defend the Constitution. As a self-governing people we must realize that the Founders were wise men who knew they needed to make it difficult to make changes to the Constitution and that's why our supreme law can only be changed through the constitutional amendment process requiring ratification by three fourths of the states.
The Constitution was never meant to be changed by a majority of the U.S. Supreme Court. If we are not going to force the Supreme Court to live within its boundaries, our country and our freedom are doomed as we learned at our town hall forum on Judicial Tyranny!
But the progressives know they will never succeed at taking away our right to bear arms through a constitutional amendment, so they will continue trying to pick away at our right to bear arms bit by bit.
The road to serfdom is never attempted directly, but by one step at a time. For many years the left has been twisting words into pretzels trying to convince us the Constitution means something other than what it actually says. This is much like President Clinton who tried to convince us with his convoluted reasoning, "it all depends on what is, is."
They know that to control the people they must also control the language. So here we are today living in the world of Orwell where the liberals say black is white and up is down and their deception and doubletalk goes unchallenged.
Progressives want us to believe that the Constitution is subject to "interpretation," but they are wrong. It's the responsibility and duty of our elected representatives and justices to understand and defend the Constitution as written, not to interpret it. Likewise it's our responsibility to keep an eye on our representatives and make sure that they defend the law.
We must never forget that the price of freedom is eternal vigilance, and we must always remember that what the government gives, the government can take away.
We must remember that our rights come from our Creator and thus are inalienable rights. This is exactly why we must not believe the elusive and deceitful words of the progressive Pied Piper. We must not fall into their trap by taking "free" handouts, or to believe that our rights are granted by government or that government was established to be our nanny, because if we do so we will soon be enslaved and deprived of freedom and property.
Firearms = Freedom will be the topic of discussion at the monthly TEA'd constitutional forum held at the Ramona Mainstage on July 31. Please note: Program time will change for this event and will go from 10:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. Primary speaker will be Mr. Sam Paredes of Gun Owners of California. Also, Bob Seigel will be MC, and our own "Ranger Doug" Oliver will be part of the program.
For more information, go to: www.ramonatead.org.
Jim Tapscott is Ramona TEA'd Steering Committee chair.


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NEW YORK, Sept. 25 (UPI) -- A court appearance for the man charged in the killing of a young New York boy three decades ago has been put off for a second time, officials say.
Pedro Hernandez, who police say confessed to killing Etan Patz 33 years ago, will next appear in court Nov. 15, The New York Times reported.
The new delay gives prosecutors and defense attorneys more time to iron out issues with the case before it goes to a grand jury.
The body of Patz, who was 6 when he disappeared, has never been found. Police had long suspected another man who is in prison on another charge.
Hernandez, who had never been a suspect, has a history of mental illness. He told police he lured Patz to the basement of his bodega, where he strangled the child. Police dug up the basement and searched Hernandez' home in New Jersey and found no evidence of a homicide.
However, investigators note that Hernandez had confessed the killing to family members several times in the intervening years.
Even with so many blanks still unfilled, police and prosecutors don't seem to be looking anywhere else.
Cyrus R. Vance Jr., the Manhattan district attorney, said in May his office was conducting a methodical investigation.
Paul J. Browne, the chief spokesman for the Police Department, said, "The confessions by a credible suspect, following separate admissions over years to family, friends and church members, made an arrest and prosecution inevitable."


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HOWELL-L ArchivesArchiver > HOWELL > 1998-01 > 0883877908
From: HADGUY <>
Subject: [HOWELL-L] John Howell, WV
Date: Sat, 3 Jan 1998 20:38:28 EST
Looking for information on John G. Howell born 1827 in Waynesboro, Agusta
County, VA.
He married Nancy Leah McCauley b Aug. 22,1831 d December, 1895. They had a
least one child by the name of Serena M. Howell.
John is buried in Randolph County WV.
This thread:
|[HOWELL-L] John Howell, WV by HADGUY <>


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- Pack includes a sloped sill pan, pair of end caps, PVC cement with applicator and installation instructions
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Top 14 preview: Round 15
Top 14 action continues as Toulon look to keep their lead at the summit ahead of the final break before the Heineken Cup Pool run-in.
Last Updated: 04/01/13 11:20am
Top 14 action continues as Toulon look to keep their lead at the summit ahead of the final break before the Heineken Cup Pool run-in.
The league leaders face Racing-Metro on Sunday after a round that sees Biarritz hosting Agen on Friday before five tasty fixtures dominate Saturday.
Biarritz v Agen
Parc Des Sports D'Aguilera
Biarritz know that anything other than a win would dent their slim hopes of making the play-offs when they run out to face Agen.
BO sit eleven points off the top four and came worryingly close to being worse off than that when they squeezed past Mont-de-Marsan last week.
Team news sees a strong backline of Lesgourgues, Peyrelongue, Brew, Traille, Baby, Ngwenya and Balshaw that will be hunting the bonus point.
Agen meanwhile name Ben Seymour at fly-half as they look to bounce back from a disappointing 40-6 loss at Racing.
Clermont v Montpellier
Parc Des Sports Marcel Michelin
One of the matches of the weekend sees the yellow machine face off with Montpol at Parc Des Sports Marcel Michelin, with both teams entering in red hot form following Round 14.
Clermont demolished Bayonne 48-3 while Montpellier beat Stade Francais 54-16 with consummate ease in two results that sent a quiet message to the other play-off contenders.
Alex Tulou, Giorge Jgenti, Juan Figallo and Agustin Creevy are all out for the visitors this week though which enhances ASM's favourite tag this Saturday. Clermont meanwhile are boosted by the return to training of dynamic France loosehead prop Thomas Domingo.
Stade Francais v Bayonne
Stade Charlety
As mentioned, these two were on the receiving end of two hammerings in their most recent outings so victory is all the more critical at Stade Charlety.
It's 10th versus 11th on Saturday and Bayonne are boosted by the return of Joe Rokocoko and Manu Ahotaeiloa.
Stade Francias no doubt realise that Heineken Cup qualification is now down to whether their Amlin Challenge Cup form continues as domestically they continue to struggle.
Perpignan v Bordeaux-Begles
Stade Aimé Giral
USAP are missing hooker Guilhem Guirado and fly-half James Hook with respective shin and shoulder injuries as they look to bounce back from a dismal showing in Toulon. Scotland's Al Strokosch and former Gloucester team-mate Luke Narraway are included.
Bordeaux-Begles fell to Grenoble in the last round but that is not embarrassing by any stretch of the imagination and they may fancy their chances of a big upset at Aimé Giral.
Grenoble v Castres
Stade Lesdiguières
It hasn't been the greatest build-up to a game for Castres as reports that Rory Kockott was eager to leave for Racing-Metro were countered by Castres, who stated "this player has a contract to remain with Castres for another year if the club qualifies for the Heineken Cup".
Kockott is absent this week as he is in South Africa for the wedding of his sister while the club are also missing Romain Teulet with a wrist injury. Grenoble meanwhile sit sixth in the standings and enter following victory over Bordeaux-Begles at this same venue.
Victory, with Montpellier tackling Clermont in the Auvergne, would move Grenoble fifth but they enter without key duo Valentin Courrent and Anthony Hegarty in what should be a tight game.
Mont-de-Marsan v Toulouse
Stade Guy Boniface
It was difficult not to feel sorry for Mont-de-Marsan last week after they fell by a solitary point at the hands of Biarritz. That negative must now be pushed to one side however as next up come Toulouse, who showed they are streetwise on the road after defeating Castres 18-16.
This could be seen as an ideal fixture for Toulouse before getting back into a Heineken Cup Pool campaign that was hit by defeat at the Ospreys.
Guy Noves' outfit face Treviso next week on French soil and have been boosted ahead of that game by the return of Luke McAlister. Openside flanker Thierry Dusautoir and wing Yves Donguy are both doubts.
Toulon v Racing-Metro
Stade Mayol
With their Heineken Cup Pool all but in the bag, undoubtedly the team of the European season thus far will meet Racing. Toulon demolished Perpignan last week by a scoreline of 46-13 and will be eager to build momentum at Felix Mayol before the visit of Cardiff Blues.
Bernard Laporte has recalled Fred Michalak, Nicolas Durand and Jean-Charles Orioli in what is a strong 24-man squad which includes Jonny Wilkinson, Matt Giteau and Steffon Armitage.
Racing enter confident against the leaders after hammering Agen last week.


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Blackberry Repair Manchester :
We all have our personal problems, so why don't you forget about your phone's and let us handle it? We're the most versatile Blackberry repair manchester service, that use the most advanced, RIM certified, state of the art technologies to fix your Blackberry problem.
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- Name: Corey Perry
- MMA Record: 0-0-0 (Win-Loss-Draw)
- Nickname:
- Current Streak: N/A
- Age & Date of Birth: N/A
- Last Fight: N/A
- Weight Class: | Last Weigh-In: N/A
- Affiliation: Tillery Combat MMA Academy
- Height: N/A | Reach: N/A
- Career Disclosed Earnings: $0 USD
- Born: Wales
- Fighter Pages: Sherdog | The UG
- Fighting out of: N/A
- Personal Pages:
Tapology Regional Rankings Rankings FAQ
This fighter will become regionally ranked following the completion of their first MMA bout.
Corey Perry MMA Fight Record
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This week, we're pricing the forwards. The dollar amounts are unscientifically set, tryin... (almost 2 years ago)


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Scrabble?! AMBUSHERS
Is AMBUSHERS valid for Scrabble? Words With Friends? Other games?!
Definitions of AMBUSHERS in various dictionaries:
- noun - an attacker who waits in a concealed position to launch a surprise attack
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Rearrange the letters in AMBUSHERS and see some winning combinations
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Anagrammer is a game resource site that has been extremely popular with players of popular games like Scrabble, Lexulous, WordFeud, Letterpress, Ruzzle, Hangman and so forth. We maintain regularly updated dictionaries of almost every game out there. To be successful in these board games you must learn as many valid words as possible, but in order to take your game to the next level you also need to improve your anagramming skills, spelling, counting and probability analysis. Make sure to bookmark every unscrambler we provide on this site. Explore deeper into our site and you will find many educational tools, flash cards and so much more that will make you a much better player. This page covers all aspects of AMBUSHERS, do not miss the additional links under "More about: AMBUSHERS"


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Lyle Lovett, , Birchmere, 3701 Mount Vernon Ave., Alexandria. $89.50. 703-549-7500.
National Christmas Tree Music Program, the holliest, jolliest place in Christmastime Washington is the Ellipse, where it's not only the national tree that draws visitors, but the sounds of jingling bells and Christmas carols from musical groups from across the country. Daily through Dec. 23, The Ellipse, 1600 Constitution Ave. NW. Free. 202-208-1631.
FotoWeek DC, the citywide photographic exhibit wraps up. Noon-6 p.m. through Dec. 17. Noon-6 p.m., FotoWeek Central, 1800 L St. NW. $5. 202-639-1700 or http://www.fotoweekdc.org/.
Mental Wellness Classes, learn signs of mental illness and the steps to getting help. Noon-4 p.m., On Our Own Prince George's County, Riverdale Presbyterian Church, 6513 Queens Chapel Rd., University Park.Free, registration required. 301-699-8939 or www.onourownpg.org.
Septime Webre's The Nutcracker, Septime Webre directs a D.C.-themed version of the classic. 7 p.m. Wednesdays-Fridays, Tuesdays-Wednesdays, 2 and 7 p.m. Saturdays, 1 p.m. and 5:30 p.m. Sundays, through Dec. 24, Warner Theatre, 13th and E streets NW. 202-783-4000.
"Bust," comedic actress Lauren Weedman stars in a show she wrote about her career and her volunteer work at a women's jail. 7:30 p.m. Wednesdays-Fridays, Tuesdays-Wednesdays, 2:30 and 7:30 p.m. Saturdays-Sundays, through Dec. 23, Studio Theatre, 1501 14th St. NW. $35-$60. 202-332-3300.
"Pride and Prejudice," the parents of five daughters attempt to find them husbands. 7:30 p.m. Tuesdays-Thursdays, 8 p.m. Fridays, 3 and 8 p.m. Saturdays, 3 p.m. Sundays, through Dec. 31, Round House Theatre, 4545 East West Hwy., Bethesda. $25-$60. 240-644-1100.
"Romeo and Juliet," the Shakespearean tale of star-crossed lovers is told without words, using props, mime and dance. Part of "Speak No More: The Silent Shakespeare Festival." 7:30 p.m. Wednesdays, Tuesdays-Wednesdays, 8 p.m. Thursdays-Saturdays, 2 p.m. Sundays, through Dec. 23, Synetic Theater at Crystal City, 1800 S. Bell St., Arlington. $35-$55, $50-$30 seniors, $10-$25 students. 800-494-8497.
Toys for Tots Comedy Show, 7:30 p.m., Riot Act Comedy Club, 801 E St. NW. $15. 202-697-4900.
Jazz Jam Session, 8 p.m.-midnight Wednesdays and Thursdays, HR57, 816 H St. NE, DC.$8. 202-253-0044.
SwagFunk, 8 and 10 p.m., Twins Jazz, 1344 U St. NW. $10. 202-234-0072.
One By 1, Inc. , a non-profit youth advocacy organization based in the Washington, D.C., Maryland and Virginia will be presenting "Out for Good, a documentary screening about the U.S. prison system and community building session, which is open to the public, on Thursday, December 15th at 10:30 a.m.-1:30 p.m. at the MLK Library, 901 G St., NW. Auditorium A5. Email email@example.com to learn more about volunteering.
Winterfest 2011, celebrating the 25th anniversary of the Center for the Visual and Performing Arts program. Students perform in musical and dance concerts, as well as performing and visual art exhibitions. Call for event details and times. 7 p.m., Suitland High School, 5200 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland. Admission, free. 301-817-0500 or email@example.com.
Dwele, Frank Sirius, 7:30 p.m., Birchmere, 3701 Mount Vernon Ave., Alexandria. $45. 703-573-7328; information, 703-549-7500 or http://www.birchmere.com/.
Moscow Ballet's Great Russian Nutcracker, set to Pytor Tchaikovsky's score, the lavish production features 40 dancers, nine hand-painted backdrops with 3-D ornamentation and fanciful, Russian-designed puppets. 7:30 p.m. Thursday-Friday, Music Center at Strathmore, 5301 Tuckerman Lane, North Bethesda. 301-581-5100.
"Spoiler Alert: Everybody Dies," Chicago's The Second City comedy troupe, with local actors Jessica Frances Dukes, Aaron Bliden and others, performs one of its edgiest works, answering the question of whether our civilization has an expiration date. 8 p.m. Thursdays-Fridays, 3 and 8 p.m. Saturdays, 2 and 7 p.m. Sundays, 8 p.m. Tuesdays-Wednesdays, continues through Jan. 8, 10 p.m. Dec. 31, no performances Dec. 24 or 25, Woolly Mammoth Theatre, 641 D St. NW. $30-$75, subject to availability. 202-393-3939 or www.woollymammoth.net.
Eric Felten Jazz Orchestra, Duke Ellington's "Nutcracker Suite" and other holiday favorites. 8 and 10 p.m., Blues Alley, 1073 Wisconsin Ave. NW (rear). $25. 202-337-4141.
Indigo Love, 8 and 10 p.m., Twins Jazz, 1344 U St. NW. $10. 202-234-0072.
Theater: A (Comic) Christmas Carol, 8 p.m. Thursday-Friday, Greenbelt Arts Center, 123 Centerway, Greenbelt. $17; students and seniors, $14. 301-441-8770.
Tank, R&B crooner. 7:30 p.m. Birchmere, 3701 Mount Vernon Ave., Alexandria. $45. 703-549-7500 or http://www.birchmere.com/.
"Christmas on the Potomac," the annual celebration features live performances, exhibits, events and a hand-carved ICE! Extravaganza featuring DreamWorks' Merry Madagascar. Open daily; hours vary, Gaylord National Resort and Convention Center, 201 Waterfront St., National Harbor. Tickets: $17-35; age 3 and under, free. 301-965-2800 or www.christmasonthepotomac.com.
Jazz and blues café, with pianist John Guernsey. 6:30-8 p.m., New Deal Cafe, 113 Centerway, Greenbelt. Admission, free. 301-474-5642.
Ice skating trip, for ages 10-17, travel to Wells-Linson complex to skate with friends. 7-10 p.m., Langley Park Senior Activity Center, 1500 Merrimac Dr., Hyattsville. $3, registration required. 301-408-4343.
Central Crossing High School Choir, National Christmas Tree Music Program. 8-8:30 p.m., The Ellipse, 1600 Constitution Ave. NW. Free. 202-208-1631.
Eddie Griffin Live!, the comic and acting star performs. 8 and 10:30 p.m. Friday-Saturday, Riot Act Comedy Club, 801 E St. NW. $35. 202-697-4900.
Thad Wilson, performs smooth jazz on the trumpet. 9 and 11 p.m., Twins Jazz, 1344 U St. NW. $10. 202-234-0072.
Flower Avenue Holiday Market, shop a variety of vendor wares including antiques, art, furniture, jewelry, vintage toys and more. 9 a.m.-4 p.m. Saturdays through Dec. 24, Parking lot on the corner of Flower Ave. and Arliss St., Silver Spring.Admission, free. or www.facebook.com/orionsattic.
Air-dried Clay Workshop, for ages 3-8. 10 a.m.-noon, Old Parish House, 4711 Knox Rd., College Park. Free, donations welcome. 301-927-3013.
Holiday Planes and Trains, featuring miniature trains, villages, tunnel and depots decked out in the yuletide spirit. 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Saturdays-Wednesdays, through Dec. 23, College Park Aviation Museum, 1985 Cpl. Frank Scott Dr., College Park. $4, seniors $3, children $2. 301-864-6029 or www.collegeparkaviationmuseum.com.
Poetry Writing Workshop, with poet Laini Mataka. 11 a.m.-1 p.m. Saturdays, Sankofa Video, Books & Cafe, 2714 Georgia Ave. NW. 202-234-4755.
Estate Jewelry Sale, shop clothing, jewelry and accessories. Free gift with purchase of $25 or more. Noon-6 p.m. Saturdays, through Dec. 31, The 3610 Boutique, 3610 12th St. NE. Bonita or Ted Curtis, 202-529-8046.
Holiday Market on the Harbor, shop handmade ornaments/decorations, pastries, roasted chestnuts and more. Noon-6 pm Saturdays and Sundays through Dec. 18, National Harbor, 150 National Plaza, National Harbor. Admission, free. 877-628-5427 or www.harborholidays.com.
Simmons Family Singers, National Christmas Tree Music Program. 3-3:30 p.m., The Ellipse, 1600 Constitution Ave. NW. Free. 202-208-1631.
Lopez Studios Singers/Youth Choir, National Christmas Tree Music Program. 5-5:30 p.m., The Ellipse, 1600 Constitution Ave. NW. Free. 202-208-1631.
"Home for the Holidays," Members of the U.S. Navy Concert Band, Sea Chanters chorus, Country Current and select members of the Commodores and Cruisers ensembles perform. 7:30 p.m. Saturday, 3 p.m. Sunday, DAR Constitution Hall, 18th and C streets NW. Free, tickets required. Tickets, 202-397-7328; information, 202-628-4780.
Jeff Bradshaw, the jazz trombonist performs. 8 and 10 p.m., Blues Alley, 1073 Wisconsin Ave. NW (rear). $20. 202-337-4141.
Fifth annual "Kicks for Kids" Charity Shoe Drive; Celebrity Meet and Greet and Free Family-Friendly Concert,The Mall at Prince George's-Shoe City, 3500 East-West Hwy, Hyattsville, MD, 20782, 2 pm, Celebrity Meet & Greet / Charity Shoe Drive (The Mall at Prince George's - Shoe City) 5 pm– 10 pm, Free Concert (9:30 Club – Open to all ages). A $10 donation equals a new pair of sneakers for the children's charities, and entry into the concert along with some other sponsored gifts for the giver. For more information, please go to: www.sneakersuite.com
Washington Redskins Watch Party to Benefit Two Charities, Hudson Restaurant and Lounge, 2030 M St. NW, Washington DC, (202) 872-8700; $20 Minimum donation gets you in the door + complimentary appetizers; cash bar w/$5 Amstel Light, $6 Rail Drinks, $7 House Red & White Wine, $10 Sangria/Margaritas
20 percent of food and drink proceeds benefit Girls Inc. & MenzFit
RSVP: By December 16th to firstname.lastname@example.com
Nutcracker Tea, high tea followed by a mini-performance of "The Nutcracker." Get a picture taken with the Sugar Plum Fairy. 10:30 a.m. and 2:30 p.m., Westin Arlington Gateway, 801 N. Glebe Rd., Arlington. $58, ages 4 to 12 $38, younger $18. 703-778-3008 or www.balletnova.org
Arachne Aerial Arts, aerial acrobatics show. 4 p.m., Joe's Movement Emporium, 3309 Bunker Hill Rd., Mount Rainier. $10; students and seniors, $7. 301-699-1819.
Bohemian Caverns Jazz Orchestra: A Bohemian Christmas, 5:30 and 7:30 p.m., Mansion at Strathmore, 10701 Rockville Pike, North Bethesda. $18-$20. 301-581-5100.
Go Go: Lissen Band, 8 p.m. Mondays, Takoma Station, 6914 Fourth St. NW. 202-829-1999.
Kevin Robinson Ensemble,Twins Jazz, 1344 U St. NW. $10. 202-234-0072.
Kwanzaa! Kwanzaa!, African dancers, drummers and storytellers interpret the seven principles of the holiday. 10:15 a.m., Publick Playhouse, 5445 Landover Rd., Cheverly. $5. 301-277-1710.
Downtown Holiday Market, A rotating cast of 50 artisans and exhibitors, holiday lights and live music make this open-air holiday market a favorite stop for those in search of a personal gift. Noon-8 p.m. through Dec. 23., Downtown Holiday Market, F Street between Seventh and Ninth streets NW. Free. or http://www.downtownholidaymarket.com/.
Platinum Live: Kwanzaa! Kwanzaa!, for age 60 and older. African dancers, drummers and storytellers on the seven principles of the holiday. Noon, Publick Playhouse, 5445 Landover Rd., Cheverly. $5. 301-277-1710.
Brandywine Free Food Distribution, must bring your own bags. 4-6 p.m., Gwynn Park Middle School, yson Road parking lot, 8000 Dyson Rd., Brandywine. Free. Brother Moe Gregory at 301-336-3808 or email@example.com.
Radio One presents Know Your Status Holiday Jam, Wale hosts a free go-go concert by D.C.'s own Chuck Brown. As an incentive to get people to get tested for HIV, the D.C. Department of Health and Radio One came up with a plan: people have to get tested to get a ticket. Get tested at a participating site Dec. 2-20 for your ticket, while supplies last. 7 p.m., 9:30 Club, 815 V St. NW. Free. 202-265-0930 or http://www.dctakesonhiv.com.
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