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Borrelli, Wilma
Brown, Donald
Evans, Gailen
Fox, Phyllis
Haehn, Sylvester
Hammond, Patricia
Hendrickson, Vivian
Knott, Joyce
Lauten, Laura
Myers, Leonard
Poncia, Gary
Sadelack, Karen
Scheft, Joseph
Yamanaka, Terue
Sybil F. Edwards
Glen K. Engsberg
Tamra Wyss Ruddeck
Laura Lauten, 58
ESCONDIDO - Laura Lauten, 58, died Friday, Dec. 15, 2006, at Life Care Center.
Born July 18, 1949, in New York City, she lived in Escondido 11 years.
Ms. Lauten was preceded in death by her father, William "Bill" Lauten, in 1999.
She is survived by her mother, Lyn Cawley Lauten of Escondido; brother and sister-in-law Guy and Sharon Lauten of San Francisco; and sisters Nancy and Moira of New York.
A Mass will be celebrated at 11 a.m. Wednesday, Jan. 17, at Church of St. Timothy (Canyon Road) in Escondido with the Rev. F. Martinez officiating. A private cremation is planned with inurnment in early spring at the Lutheran Cemetery in Middle Village, N.Y., with the Rev. Tom Miller officiating.
The family suggests memorial donations to Elizabeth Hospice, 150 W. Crest St., Escondido, CA 92025.
Accu-Care Cremation Center is handling arrangements.
Joseph Scheft, 89
OCEANSIDE - Joseph A. Scheft, 89, died Tuesday, Jan. 2, 2007.
Born June 16, 1917, in Cincinnati, he lived in Oceanside for 18 years.
Mr. Scheft was preceded in death by his wife, Mary Jeanne Scheft, in 2005.
He is survived by his daughters, Florence Lynn Scheft of Oceanside and Pamela Mezaraups of Columbus, Ohio; sister Selma Garber of Eugene, Ore.; and one grandchild.
No services are being held. Interment at Eternal Hills Memorial Park in Oceanside is planned.
Eternal Hills Mortuary is handling arrangements.
Wilma Borrelli, 77
VISTA - Wilma Ann Borrelli, 77, died Wednesday, Jan. 3, 2007, at Tri-City Medical Center.
Born May 12, 1929, in Chicago area, she lived in Vista for 17 years. She was a teacher at St. Mark's Lutheran School in Sauk Village, Ill. for 25 years.
Mrs. Borrelli was preceded in death by her husband, Dominick Michael Borrelli, in 1990.
She is survived by her sons, Donald M. Borrelli of Hammond, Ind., and Robert E. Borrelli of Posen, Ill.; daughter Christine Harrell of Vista; brother Bob Witzke of Washington; 10 grandchildren; and numerous great-grandchildren.
Memorial services will be held in Illinois. A private interment is planned at Riverside National Cemetery in Riverside.
Allen Bros. Mortuary, Vista Chapel, is handling arrangements.
Terue Yamanaka, 90
CARLSBAD - Terue Yamanaka, 90, died on Sunday, Dec. 17, 2006.
Mrs. Yamanaka is survived by her daughter and son-in-law, Rene and Jeff Wustman of Carlsbad; sister Mirry Fujita of Sacramento; brother-in-law and sister-in-law Jiro and Grace Yamanaka of Los Angeles; sister-in-law Masako Miyake of Montebello; and two grandsons.
Memorial services were held on Tuesday, Jan. 2,s at Pacific View Memorial Park in Corona del Mar.
Karen Sadelack, 63
OCEANSIDE - Karen Council Sadelack, 63, died Sunday, Dec. 31, 2006.
Born Feb. 7, 1943, in Gary, Ind., she lived in Oceanside and previously in Minneapolis and Hobart, Ind. She graduated from Hobart High School and then was employed by Prudential Insurance for 22 years. She enjoyed cards and cribbage and served as social coordinator for her apartment complex.
Mrs. Sadelack was preceded in death by her parents; and brothers David and Myles.
She is survived by her daughter, Kelly Schultz of Oceanside; sons and daughter-in-law Ed Jr., and Doreen Sadelack of Ham Lake, Mich., and Christopher Sadelack of Oceanside; three grandchildren; and two great-grandchildren.
Services have been held. Interment will be in Graceland Cemetery, Valparaiso, Ind.
Memorials in her memory, may be made to the Vitas Hospice Care. For further information, please call Rees Funeral Home ñ Hobart Chapel at (219) 942-2109 or www.reesfuneralhomes.com.
Leonard Myers, 79
VISTA - Leonard R. "Joe" Myers, 79, died following a long illness, Thursday, Dec. 28, 2006.
Born Nov. 9, 1927, in Huntington Park, lived in Vista for 12 years. He was a longtime resident and owner of two propane businesses in Barstow, where he served in several community organizations and as a volunteer firefighter. He raced cars competitively. He was a cowboy and was active in the local rodeo club. He was an avid fisherman.
Mr. Myers was preceded in death by his wife of 57 years, Bonnie, in 2004; and his son, Charles, in 1952.
He is survived by his sister, Joanne of Arroyo Grande; daughters Sandy Ann of Ketchum, Idaho, and Margie Jo of Ocean Beach; son and daughter-in-law J.C. and Jo Jo of Apple Valley; four grandchildren; and three great-grandchildren.
A visitation is scheduled from 4 to 8 p.m. today, Jan. 7, and 9 a.m. Monday, Jan. 8.
Funeral services follow at 10 a.m. and the burial will follow immediately at Eternal Hills Cemetery in Oceanside.
Eternal Hills Mortuary is handling arrangements.
Joyce Knott, 79
OCEANSIDE - Joyce Hope Knott, 79, died Saturday, Dec. 23, 2006, at her home.
Born Feb. 26, 1927, in Takoma Park, Md., she lived in Oceanside.
She was a volunteer for the homeless and less fortunate. Sheworked in the Oceanside Head Start program at Balderama for yearsas a teacher's aide and cook. She also worked in RiversideDevelopment Center for Handicapped Minors as a cook and aide.
She was a volunteer at many civic functions over the years behind the scenes.
Mrs. Knott was preceded in death by her parents, Thomas R. Middleton and Lillian M. Sloper.
She is survived by her husband of 50 years, James "Harry" Knott Jr.; sons James "Jimmy" Harry Knott II, John D. Knott and Berl E. Knott of Oceanside, Lyndon B. Knott of Vista and Keith W. Knott of Dixon, Tenn.; step-daughters Diane Schnittger of Oceanside and Angela Salisbury of Lowell, Fla., sisters Betty Pippin and Shirley Gallagher, both from Luverne, Ala., Judith Moore of Vienna, Va.; brothers Thomas R. Middleton and Kenneth Middleton, both of Lakeland, Fla.; 10 grandchildren; and many great-grandchildren.
Phyllis Fox, 85
ESCONDIDO - Phyllis Fox, 85, died Wednesday, Dec. 27, 2006, at a local care facility.
Born Oct. 19, 1921, in Centerfield, Utah, she lived in Escondido for 54 years. She spent her early childhood years in Morgan, Utah, then Salt Lake City and graduated from South High School. She was a homemaker. She was office manager in her husband's dental office for 16 years. She had a beautiful voice and was asked to sing for many occasions. She also played the piano and organ and was a church organist for many years. She was a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and served in many leadership positions of the woman's organization, the Relief Society.
Mrs. Fox was preceded in death by her parents, Birney K. and Ruby Farnsworth; and her husband, H. Burton Fox.
She is survived by her children, Birney Craig Fox of Aurora, Colo., Paula Fox Ball of Lompoc, Roger Burton Fox of Fortuna and Robin Fox of Escondido; sister Bernice Peterson of Los Altos; brother Kent Farnsworth of Surprize, Ariz.; 11 grandchildren; and 10 great-grandchildren.
A viewing and service were held Wednesday, Jan. 3, at the LDS Chapel on Bear Valley Parkway. Interment took place immediately after at Oak Hill Memorial Park.
The family suggests donations be made in her memory, to the Escondido Historical Society, P.O. Box 263, Escondido, CA 92033; or to Elizabeth Hospice, 150 W. Crest St., Escondido, CA 92025.
Gary Poncia, 57
EUREKA - Gary Poncia, 57, died Saturday, Dec. 10, 2006, at his residence.
Born Jan. 4, 1949, in Eureka, he lived in San Diego most of his life. He loved all water sports including water skiing and fishing. He was one of the co-founders of the North Swell Surfing Association. He traveled extensively including Baja, Hawaii and Italy.
Mr. Poncia was preceded in death by his parents, Armando and Roberta Poncia; sister Paula Poncia-Van Der Sluis; and his grandparents. He is survived by his wife, Gretchen; and daughter and son-in-law Nadia and Will Durham of Reno, Nev.
A Celebration of Life is scheduled from 2 to 5 p.m. Saturday. Jan. 13, at St. Michaels by the Sea, 2775 Carlsbad Blvd., in Carlsbad. Please call Gretchen 707 832-6798 if you have questions.
Patricia Hammond, 62
VISTA - Patricia Ann Tredway Hammond died of cancer Tuesday, Jan. 2, 2007.
Born July 12, 1944, in Cincinnati, she lived in Vista. Sheattended Indian Hill High and Miami University of Ohio. She was anAmerican Airlines flight attendent.
Mrs. Hammond is survived by her husband, Jim; daughter Heather; son and daughter-in-law J.C. and Jeannette; sisters and brother-in-law Kathy and Dan Kennedy and Chris and Dan Keefe; and two grandchildren.
A memorial service was held.
The family suggests donations be sent to Vista Christian Fellowship.
Gailen Evans, 88
OCEANSIDE - Gailen Walter Evans, 88, died Thursday, Dec. 28, 2006, at home.
Born Aug. 9, 1918, in Wing, N.D., he lived in Oceanside. He grew up in Grand Forks, N.D. He served in the U.S. Air Force in World War II. He was employed as a sound engineer at MGM and retired from Universal Studios, in 1975. He and Harold Hall formed a real-estate partnership in 1988. He retired from real estate in 1999. He was a member of the Carlsbad Community Church and Vista Elks. He volunteered at the Oceanside Welcome Center.
Mr. Evans is survived by his wife of 65 years, Harriet; son and daughter-in-law Greg and Donna; two grandchildren; and two great-grandsons; and foster daughter Vicki Williams of Des Moines, Iowa.
A Memorial service was held Thursday, Jan. 4, at the Carlsbad Community Church in Carlsbad.
The family suggests donations to Elizabeth Hospice, 150 W. Crest Street, Escondido, CA 92025.
Donald Brown, 74
SAN MARCOS - Donald Nathaniel Brown, 74, died Monday, Jan. 1, 2007.
Born Jan. 23, 1932 in Chicago, he lived in San Marcos for 13 years. He was a sergeant in the U.S. Army during the Korean War. He was awarded the Purple Heart.
Mr. Brown was preceded in death by his sister, Yvonne Beverly Jones.
He is survived by his wife, Johanna C. Homeyer Brown; daughters Donita Alechia Brown of Chicago, FreDrena Maria Brown of Calumet Park, Ill., Tanya Sherise Brown of Imperial Beach, Blair Brown Tennisson of Crete, Ill.; son Donald Nathaniel Brown Jr. of San Francisco; sister Gwendolyn Yolanda Peden of Chicago; and grandchildren.
A private Celebration of Life is planned after which his cremains will be scattered over the ocean.
Vivian Hendrickson
SAN MARCOS - Vivian H. (Elson) Hendrickson died of pancreatic cancer, Wednesday, Dec. 6, 2006.
Born Aug. 21, 1914, in Oceanside, she lived in San Marcos. She attended Oceanside Carlsbad Union High School, where she graduated with honors. She graduated from Pomona College in 1936 with a B.A. degree in psychology.
She pursued a career in the aviation industry and was employed as a secretary for Kinner Aircraft Motors and worked for Lockheed Aircraft in Burbank and New York City as an executive secretary.
She worked in Guam for the U.S. Navy. She loved friends, gardening and photography.
Mrs. Hendrickson is survived by her husband, Thomas; daughter Julie; son Philip; brother Frank; sister Lura; and six grandchildren.
Sylvester Haehn, 84
RANCHO SANTA FE - Sylvester "Shorty" Haehn, 84, died Saturday, Dec. 30, 2006, at his home.
Born in 1922, in St. Martin, Minn., he lived in Rancho Santa Fe.He was a builder by trade. He prepared designs, directed allconstruction and did much of the work himself. His company HaehnConstruction Co., completed jobs such as runway overlay at LindbergField, the Henshaw Dam spillway and many projects for militaryfacilities. His support of higher education led to the constructionof the S.L. Haehn Campus Center on the campus of St. Benedict College in St. Joseph, Minn., and the Haehn Museum at the Art andHeritage Place at St. Benedict's Monastery.
He served on the local and national Association of General Contractors boards of directors, San Diego County Carpenters Benefit Fund and he was a trustee for the College of St. Benedict.
Mr. Haehn was preceded in death by his first wife, Mary; son Mark; and siblings Ruth, Bernie and Arnie.
He is survived by his wife, Jacquelynn; children Stephen, Shirley, Pamela, Carol and stepson Morgan; sister Peggy; and three grandchildren.
A vigil was held Friday, Jan. 5, with funeral services at St. Timothy's Catholic Church in Escondido. A graveside service is planned at Holy Cross Cemetery.
The family suggests donations to the Glenner Alzheimer's FamilyCenters, 3702 4th Ave., San Diego, CA 92103.
Sybil F. Edwards, 86
Sybil F. Edwards died Dec. 27, 2006, in Phoenix.
She was born Oct. 9, 1920, in Alabama to Armendia and Jesse Hyde. She was preceded in death by her husband of 61 years, Guy Edwards, and her son Danny.
She was enrolled in nursing school when she met and married the love of her life. In 1946, after her husband was discharged from the Army Air Corps, the family moved to California and she began her career as a psychiatric nurse in a state hospital. She moved to Fallbrook after retiring from nursing and became an auditor assisting in the preparation of budgets for state hospitals throughout California.
Always a gracious and energetic lady, she made many outstanding contributions to the community. Sybil was a founding officer of The Fallbrook Quilters Guild, a member of the Fallbrook Garden Club, a volunteer at the Fallbrook Hospital, and worked as an elections inspector at all voting events in Fallbrook. She loved to travel, had a passion for cooking, engaged in many artistic and craft activities, entertained friends and family frequently, and participated in sewing and card-playing groups. She was an inspiration to family and friends as she met the challenge of cancer with optimism and courage.
Mrs. Edwards is survived by her son, Martin, of California; daughter Yvonne of Arizona; sister Canatha Earley (Bobby), and brother, Lytle Hyde (Sandy), both of Alabama.
A private family memorial is planned, and internment will be at Rose Hills Memorial Park in Whittier. Memorial donations are being accepted by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B Foundation, 230 West Monroe, #2050, Chicago, IL 60606, Attn: Mary Sherrell.
Glen K. Engsberg, 86
Glen K. Engsberg, 86, of San Marcos died Jan. 2, 2007, in Escondido.
He was born Sept. 17, 1920, in Lake Mills, Wis. He retired from the U.S. Navy and worked for the Civil Service at North Island. He also worked at the North County Clinic in Ramona for many years.
A 4-H community leader for 15 years, Engsberg also was a member of the First Congregational Church in Ramona and The Friends Church in Santee.
He was preceded in death by son Terry Engsberg. His is survived by his wife, Irma Engsberg of San Marcos; daughters Kay Hill of Monroe, Wash. and Deborah Gearheart of San Marcos; sister Elaine Conway of New Mexico; and five grandchildren.
Burial will be at 1 p.m. Friday, Jan. 12 at Nuevo Memory Gardens in Ramona. Bonham Bros. & Stewart Mortuary of Ramona is handling arrangements.
Tamra Wyss Ruddeck, 49
OCEANSIDE -- Tamra Wyss Ruddeck, 49, died Wednesday, Jan. 3, 2007.
Born Oct. 6, 1957, in Oceanside, Tamra grew up in Oceanside, attending Palmquist Elementary School, Lincoln Middle School and Oceanside High School. She was an accountant for Carlsbad By The Sea for 18 years. She was a competitive athlete, completing marathon and triathlon races. She enjoyed living life to the fullest every day.
Mrs. Ruddeck was preceded in death by her grandmother, Ida Ceconi, and her aunt, Dorothy Keenan. She is survived by her husband of 29 years, Frederick Ruddeck; her mother and father, Calvin and Lorraine Wyss, all of Oceanside; her son Hans Ruddeck; daughter and son-in-law Lindsay and Carlos Gonzales; soon-to-be granddaughter Angelina Gonzales; her cousin Janine Keenan, uncle James Keenan, and brother John Wyss.
A memorial service will take place at 11:30 a.m. Wednesday, Jan. 10 at North Coast United Methodist Church, 1501 Kelly St., in Oceanside. Eternal Hills Mortuary is handling arrangements. The family suggests donations to North Coast United Methodist Church.
Wilbur Gene Remington
Wilbur Gene Remington, 82, a 50-year resident of Oceanside, Calif., passed away on January 2, 2007, at his home.
Born March 15, 1924, in Frankton, Indiana, to parents Nellie (Seward) and Cleveland Remington, he was the middle child of three boys (Raymond Remington and Robert Remington). He lived and worked on the family farm while growing up.
Wanting to serve his country, he enlisted into the U.S. Army in 1942. During his military service, he married Genevieve Engleman, his childhood sweetheart. After his honorable discharge in 1944, he went to school and became a registered watchmaker in 1947. While still residing in Indiana, he and Genevieve had two children; a son Neil Gene Remington, born July 8, 1949, and daughter Jody Remington, born April 26, 1955. In 1957 he and his family moved to Los Angeles, Calif., to receive treatment for his war injuries at the local Veteran's Hospital and to pursue a career in watch making and repair. During that time, he was employed by an aerospace firm building gyroscopes. He then moved to Oceanside, Calif., where he was employed as a watchmaker/jeweler for 32 years.
Will loved the ocean, took up sailing as a hobby and moored his boat at Oceanside Harbor. He was very knowledgeable and active in local politics. His appreciation of architecture was evident in his artistic ability. His greatest enjoyment came from woodworking, with his masterful skills best represented by his talents in marquetry.
He was preceded in death by his son, daughter and wife.
He is survived by his two brothers, daughter-in-law Sandra Johnson; his granddaughter, Lara (Remington) Melissa; and his great-granddaughters Emma, Ana and Stella Melissa.
Visitation and Graveside services will be held at Eternal Hills Mortuary, Oceanside, Calif., with visitation from 4 to 8 p.m. Thursday, Jan. 11, and graveside service at 12:30 Friday, Jan. 12.
He loved his country and always supported our troops and their service.
In lieu of flowers, the family requests that memorial gifts be donated to the Disabled Veterans of America.
Edward M. Romerdahl Jr.
Edward M. Romerdahl Jr., age 28, passed away suddenly on January 2, 2007, in Gulfport, Mississippi. He was born and raised in Everett, Washington, and had recently moved to Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, for an employment opportunity.
Eddie is so dearly missed. He loved his family and was loved so much. He was a big, strong, private, quiet man, yet he had a wonderful rich laugh when something amused him - usually a goofy television show. He loved to read and he loved movies and music. He loved his dog, Spud, who doesn't understand why he is gone. No one does.
Eddie is survived by his mother, Nancy Sue Romerdahl of Oceanside, Calif.; and his sisters and their families, Rebecca and David Villasenor and Angela and Rob Morfitt of California, Tara and Jim Mizell and Beth and Tim Shipe of Washington, Cindi Romerdahl and Rob Gimlich of Massachusetts, and his brother, Eric and Renee Romerdahl of Hawaii. He had several nieces and nephews who are saddened by losing Uncle Eddie. He also leaves Aunt Angela Peterson and Aunt Beth Cantrell and their families, all of California. He will be missed by his Mississippi family, George and Sonya Cantrell and Sessie and Joey Manieri, and Steve and Debbie Cantrell.
A celebration of Eddie's life is planned for Sunday, January 7, 2007, at Rancho Villasenor in Oceanside, California. He will be buried near his father, Edward M. "Tom" Romerdahl next summer in Darrington, Washington.
Our son, brother, nephew, cousin, and uncle will forever be in our hearts.
Lonnie Mumford
Lonnie Mumford died on Dec. 4, of unknown causes. He died athome in bed alone. He had been hospitalized at the VA Hospital fora month with a diagnosis of severe Type 2 diabetes (blood sugarlevel of 1356), and long suffered from high blood pressure andheart problems.
He lived in North San Diego County for 30 years. He served in the U.S. Marine Corps for four years, and was a veteran of Vietnam. He enjoyed eating out, going to the movies, watching sunsets, trying new things, going to church, and lately, traveling.
He will be sorely missed by thousands. Everybody loved him.
He is survived by his "significant other," Dr. Suzanne Hill, USNR.
He was buried in his hometown of Hopkinsville, Kentucky.
Leon Claude Covell IV
Leon Claude Covell IV, age 31 years, Omaha, died unexpectedly Dec. 23, 2006.
Preceded in death by mother, Ellen Blair and grandparents, Beverly and Jane Blair.
Survived by wife, Leona Covell; daughter Aisling Ellen; son Seanan James; father Leon C. Covell III and stepmother Valerie Dolan; sister, Jane and husband Jason Robin; grandparents M.V. and Bill Parham; numerous friends in the San Diego area, as well as many friends and relatives in Omaha, including his children's beloved grandmother Maylow Phillips.
Leon, known to friends and family as Lee, grew up in La Costa and attended San Dieguito High School.
He enjoyed attending USC football games with his dad. Lee was agraduate of the University of Nebraska with a degree in history andwas working toward his master's degree.
Lee excelled in his job as an accountant specialist at InfoUSA.
A Memorial Service is scheduled at 1 p.m. Saturday, January 13, 2007, at St. Michaels by the Sea Episcopal Church, 2775 Carlsbad Blvd., Carlsbad, Calif.
In lieu of flowers, donations may be made to the Arch Halfway House, 604 South 37th Street, Omaha, NE 68105.


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We're really sorry but we've sold out of this product and are unable to obtain more stock. In most cases this is usually because the manufacturer has discontinued the product. We don't want you to miss out though so here's some of our best selling products which are similar to what you are looking for. Take a look and you could just find the perfect item. Just a small point to note - they might not have the exact features as the product you initially wanted so please be sure to check the features before you buy.
With the Apple LED Cinema Display, you can turn your MacBook into a desktop in three easy connections. The universal MagSafe connector charges your notebook. A Mini DisplayPort connector makes attaching an external display even easier and faster than before. And a USB connector provides access to three USB 2.0 ports. There's also a built-in iSight camera, microphone, and speaker system that provide a true desktop experience. Made of aluminum and glass, the LED Cinema Display is the perfect companion for the MacBook family.

subset: commoncrawl


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(CBS) Jonathan Toews' "upper body injury" is a concussion, a source told 670 The Score's Blackhawks expert Jay Zawaski.
The severity of the concussion is not known, but it is believed Toews suffered the injury early in the Blackhawks' recent road trip. A second source said it happened Feb. 10 at San Jose. The source also said that Toews may have hidden his symptoms from the team to remain on the ice.
Toews missed Tuesday night's 2-1 win over the Red Wings and did not practice Wednesday. He will not play when the Blackhawks host the Dallas Stars Thursday, but he is listed as day-to-day.


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We provide a complete network setup solution for either your home or office. Creating a network from scratch or expanding and securing an existing network.
Available onsite or remote consulting available for networking issues contact us today!
Why trust us?
With a combined experience of over 20 years in tech and IT our passion has always been networking and getting computers talking to eachother. Whether a small home wireless network or a scaled up business solution we've been there, done that and restarted the router.
I will preface this with a little bit of honesty. When I'm gaming myself I do prefer to be on an Ethernet connection. My old flat mate crimped together a 50m cable which I've now had for about 5 years. It's so old that both clips are broken on both ends and the last time I used a different cable I couldn't understand why it wasn't just popping out of the router. Took me a moment to remember Ethernet cables were supposed to clip in.
I'll use my wireless network 90% of the time and the truth is I know that the tiny amount of latency difference will never really matter for my needs. Or most people's for that matter. But sometimes for gaming I want that lower 100ms ping so I roll out the cable.
I've seen people go to some lengths to connect an Ethernet cable. Rather than just try and improve their WiFi I've seen cables run outside between windows and even drilled through a wall. I've seen an office setup at least a dozen wifi repeaters instead of a simple network channel change (funny!) but even cooking your brains like that would be preferable to running a long cable around the home or office.
Aside from the complaints you're going to get from your health and safety guy (and then I get them when you won't let me change them) you're going to damage devices. Sure nobody wants to trip on a cable and spill their coffee or bruise a knee but if you trip over my Ethernet cable just now you're going to shock load my network card and could break the motherboard. You could damage the router or access point and knock an entire office offline. Not the best of plans.
And even when you staple the cable into the corner of the walls it still has to go through doorways (not windows I'm just refusing to do that any more) and they slowly get chewed apart. My personal cable lasted a long time but I can tell it's taking a beating the more frayed it gets the weaker the signal strength. When my door eventually chewed it in half I had to re-crimp it in the middle just to keep it going.
He more reliant we become upon the Internet and wireless networks the more it sucks when we're not able to connect. I know I can't be the only one who has stared at the Chrome offline dinosaur image.
Did you know that thing is actually a game? The next time you can't get online and Chrome greats you with that little message hit the space bar and you have the mini game of jumping over things as the dinosaur. Not even kidding. Played it for a while before because what else do you do when you don't have Internet.
So how do we make our wireless internet more reliable?
Well first up choosing your ISP. Every one of them will have issues and downtime from time to time. Big companies have customer service horror stories but you're looking for the best in the area. It all comes down to the exchange and even if your old area kept having downtime and slow speeds from one they might be the best in a different area.
Check reviews online and heck even as your neighbours. You're generally in quite a long contract once you get started so it is important to get this part right the first time. Focus on speed and reliability since there's only a few dollars difference in price and it's worth it.
Secondly placement of your wireless router. I know it looks like an ugly space porcupine and when the robot uprising comes it's probably on the front line (think of the abuse they must take from frustrated ISP customers) but you don't want to hide them away. Get them up as high as you can away from other obstructions and the closer to where you'll normally be connection from the better. If your ISP is being cheap they might give you a rubbish router without much strength. If possible you should consider swapping this for a decent one. Check with your provider that you'd be able to connect with it first and get some with external antennas.
After placement you also want to make sure that your router is as up to date as possible. Go into the settings (login is usually on the back of the router) and find the update button. This won't be needed too often and honestly is unlikely to do much even if it does need an update. But for security if nothing else it doesn't hurt to make sure the firmware is updated and if it helps the signal (which it can in theory) then consider it a bonus!
Next there's the device you're connecting with. For a tablet or phone there's not a lot you can do. Ignore the apps that try and sell you something saying they can you really need to be using hardware to get a better signal.
For a laptop by default you'll have an internal wifi antenna. If you're having a problem getting a connection with is the first step is to plug into the mains. Your laptop will give it less juice from the battery because it's made to conserve power and last longer. If that isn't enough then you need to look at external wireless cards. Usually USB powered since the little pice slots don't really come in laptops any more. Ideally one with an antenna and not a little USB dongle this means less interference from the laptop itself and more power than the default one is likely to come with. Laptops are harder because you'll likely be moving around with them and connecting from different areas. A higher power antenna will give you a boost but we can't use a directional one unless you constantly want to keep track of where the router is. The only downside to doing this on a laptop is it becomes an extra external cable to worry about losing or breaking. And watch out for the USB port of you tip it over while the adaptor is plugged in you can break it.
Desktops get it even easier. You can install a high powered wireless adaptor with a decent directional antenna. Point it at the router and you'll see a big signal difference. There are guides online to build your own antennas and things but honestly they're not as easy to do as you'd think and you won't get the same performance as you would with a device was has been specifically manufactured to improve a wifi signal. Not to mention the significantly less chance of electrocuting yourself. Bonus!
If all else fails and Ethernet is still not an option (boo cables!) then the next step is consider a wifi repeater. These third party devices are made to do one thing. Connect to an original wifi signal and create a second network. Doesn't sound very useful until you think about it. Putting it next to your router will just create two wireless networks you can't connect to - but it doesn't have to be next to your network.
If you have a spot in your hall which gets the wireless signal but your bedroom doesn't then you can still be in your bedroom while the repeater connects in the hall. The new wireless signal will then begin in the hall where your laptop (or whatever device) can connect to it and it shares the internet connection from the original router. Sounds a little roundabout I know but if you really want to remove wireless dead zones it is the best way. For larger areas you can network a few of these together (you don't really need any technical skills it's just like connecting to a wireless network with a laptop or tablet).
Between that lot you shouldn't have any more wireless woes. Don't just limit yourself to one either. If you're struggling to get a connection go one at a time until it makes enough of a difference or throw the kitchen sink at it and do the whole lot at once. Every little helps when it comes to a wireless signal.


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Amsterdam, Netherlands: Amsterdam Museums and GalleriesKnown as the Venice of the North, Amsterdam is built on ninety islands. Thirteen hundred bridges (four hundred of which are stone) link the islands across 100 kilometres (62 miles) of canals, which fan out from the heart of the old city.
Back to the category "Travel-Tourism"
As a country with many ancient landmarks still intact, Greece is the perfect destination for any cultural trip! There is no better place to learn about history than on a luxury heritage holiday in Greece, particularly Rhodes. read A Greek guide to a luxury heritage and outdoors escape in Lindos, Rhodes
From our window we could see the dome of the Santa Maria del Fiore and Giotto's Campanile, and the rooftops of the city stretching to the mountains beyond. read Exploring the timeless beauty of Florence
We wanted a relaxing holiday in the sun where we could simply rest and enjoy ourselves, and that's exactly what we got read Sublime spa treatments and world-famous golf in Estoril


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Ubisoft's currently in-beta Free to Play dungeon crawler/builder The Mighty Quest for Epic Loot has had a change of heart in the way that it's going to handle its monetisation. Instead of allowing players to trick out their dungeon with paid items and monsters, they're going to shift their attention towards making cosmetic enhancements the order of the day, to avoid players just paying their way to the end-game.
In the news post on the game's website, the team states "many of you have said that [the monetisation system] has affected the game to the point of causing major harm". When so much of a free to play game's design is dictated by the way it handles monetisation, it's surprising and welcome to see Ubisoft make such an about turn on how they're handling this.
The game came under fire most noticeably after Total Biscuit featured The Might Quest for Epic Loot on his Youtube channel, condemning the payment model. It caused a 13 page discussion about the game's payment model on the official forums. Ubisoft's announcement was made just over a week since TB published the video.
TotalBiscuit returns to The Mighty Quest for Epic Loot, focusing on the newest updates implemented in the game and their consequences.


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Photoshop Gets Magic
Watch an Adobe employee showcase new Photoshop features that will blow your mind.
Need to remove a tree from your photo? Done. Trash ruining your perfect layout? Disappeared. Even non-designers will be wowed by these stunning improvements coming to Photoshop. [Ed Note: This can't be real, right?]
This post was created by a user and has not been vetted or endorsed by BuzzFeed's editorial staff. BuzzFeed Community is a place where anyone can post awesome lists and creations. Learn more or post your buzz!
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Please read the release notes (below) before updating. Looks like there is nothing here for Windows and Linux users.
Download, Release notes.
The latest version of Firefox has the following changes:
Worked around an issue in Mac OS X 10.7 that could cause Firefox to crash
Worked around an issue caused by Apple's "Java for Mac OS X 10.6 Update 5" where the Java plugin would not be loaded


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Use the tools below to refine your search by only displaying reviews with a certain number of star ratings or to only show reviews from a certain time period. Eg click on '1 star' to just display the reviews we have which received a 1 star rating click or 'Within the last month' to display just reviews posted over the last month.
Written on: 16/01/2011
This guitar is good value if you want to get good fairly quickly. The strings are well spaced and durable as hell (I've had the guitar 9 years and I still use the original ones), the action is decent enough and the tone switch allows for plenty of variation.
On the downside, the shape is not especially inspiring but at least as it's cheap you can modify it without feeling guilty.
This is probably the best budget guitar I have come across. So buy it! NOW!… Read Full Review
Written on: 06/05/2009
The Encore Starter Pack is great as first instrument but trust me, you won't play it once your proficiency reached a decent level. I've gotten it at dirt cheap price and play for about a year before i moved on to Ibanez and Godin. Thank god i didnt play it during live shows… Read Full Review
Written on: 01/03/2009 by 0121cole (1 review written)
i think the E6 guitar package is excellent value for money and it is designed for a beginner/ learner who is learning the basics of the electric guitar… Read Full Review
Written on: 01/08/2008 by hasjsj (1 review written)
My general comment is that if it is the right one for you then start playing it… Read Full Review
Written on: 08/04/2005 by The Guitar Man (4 reviews written)
I think Encore Starter Pack is a great guitar for a beginner. It's very cheap and light weight, but it lets you down on whenever you start to play faster and faster. If you don't mind this then it's perfect for you… Read Full Review
Written on: 15/01/2005 by etnies (1 review written)
Encore Starter Pack - The package is amazing value, for what you get, A Strat copy guitar with plenty of colour options. A 10 watt practise amp with reverb and realy good channel distortion. Spare strings, just in case, a tuner because it's one thing you realy need. And a sheet of of chords to get you started… Read Full Review
" GB10 REVIEW " Read More
" Best!! " Read More
" Affordable music " Read More
" My favourite guitar. " Read More
" Peavey Patriot " Read More


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About this project
The Hermetically Sealed Breast Platform (HSBP) is used for simultaneous x-ray and ultrasound imaging of breasts in the Aceso dual modality mammography system. Some features include a high precision (<27um) closed-loop drive system, ultrasonic acoustic coupling and radio-lucent composite manufacture and bonding. This work also involved the development of digital x-ray and ultrasound imaging systems.
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Oregon End Table
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This is one of those features you see on a map and wonder what it looks like. Essentially its just a large sagebrush covered plateau sitting alongside the Pueblos. This picture was taken from the borax flats surrounding Bog Hot Springs.
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The family will eventually need to leave their temporary apartment, but they don't know when. Lyudmila said she is 39th in a queue to receive permanent housing from the government, and is trying to find out how long they can stay, while they continue to search for a permanent place.
"We are waiting for the results, because this building belongs to Moscow," she said. "We have no rights to be living here [indefinitely]."
Lyudmila is also trying to prove that the eviction was illegal, which is why she was going to court on Wednesday night. She said she hopes to bring the case to court in a higher jurisdiction in St. Petersburg.
"The case was sent to Moscow, came down to Krasnodar region, then local in Sochi, and so on," she said. "I also applied to Putin's office, but there was no answer. He only said: 'You have the right to apply to a court.' And it's a circle."
She added: "President Putin on TV, he speaks very beautifully. His words are okay, but his deeds — you could say the opposite. I hope if I meet him personally, not through his administrative workers, there would be action."
Even though the Olympics led to their eviction, Lyudmila said that she thought there was a chance she would meet Putin with the attention Sochi is receiving from the games.
"I don't know [if I wish the Olympics didn't happen] because the city is very beautiful now, it's very modern. And of course it's very good for the city. But for me personally, it's not the Olympics. It's the administration; the courts are corrupted. You can't complain to anyone."
Alexey and Natalya sleep most nights at the family's apartment with Lyudmila and their two kids, but because their apartment is crowded, they sometimes sleep in the boxes they put on their neighbor's land by the road.
"There is no furniture, no property. We lost everything. All the furniture was spoiled because it was in the street. Only the TV set was left," Lyudmila said, pointing to a television in the room. "We came here without anything. We not only lost our house, but our food and clothes were spoiled because it was very damp."
Their neighbor's house was saved because it was outside the highway's path, but only just. It is squeezed between the new highway and a road to Abkhazia, the breakaway republic of Georgia.
"I am miserable. I am sick and tired," Natalya said Wednesday afternoon at the neighbor's property. "We are not sure, we are frustrated. We are sick and tired of the uncertain situation. And we don't believe we will have a positive outcome."
Hosting an Olympics historically overruns initial cost estimates, but the human cost of the Olympics is easily overlooked, and the plight of locals can easily be brushed over once the international media moves on.
This could be especially true for the Sochi Olympics, which cost over four times an initial estimate of $12 billion and more than every other Winter Olympics combined, while surpassing $40 spent by China for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.
Disputed accounting measures is another common feature of hosting the Games. Dmitry Kozak, Russia's Deputy Prime Minister, who oversaw Russia's Olympics preparations, said that only $6 billion was spent in Sochi for the games themselves, excluding necessary regional infrastructure improvements.
Recently, a Swiss member of the IOC, GianFranco Kasper, who is also president of the International Ski Federation (ISF), said at least one-third of the $51 billion spent on the Sochi Olympics was due to corruption. Two Russian politicians, Boris Nemtsov and Leonid Martynyuk, have suggested the amount was even higher.
Critics argue that for international sporting events like the Olympics, total costs and related investments have been blown out of proportion compared to the athletic competition they are supposed to promote.
The London Olympics is held out by some critics as a recent example of a cost-effective games, with a main Olympic stadium that is being leased to the West Ham United soccer club, and other venues built in temporary installments for their capacity to be reduced or to be removed after the games.
With the rising cost of the Olympics, protests have become a common theme: the 2018 World Cup in Russia has raised concerns over preparedness like those before Sochi; government spending for next summer's World Cup in Brazil was at the root of widespread protests in the country last summer, and also with Brazil's hosting the 2016 Summer Olympics on the horizon.
In the past, the IOC has faced accusations of awarding the games to countries whose delegates bribe IOC members, as well as choosing countries who have poor records on human rights, standing against values stated by the Olympic Charter.
Critics have also argued that the Olympics should not be awarded to countries with autocratic rulers, who are willing to use the games as an excuse to pump money into underprepared areas to flaunt their own power, another mark against Russia's President Vladimir Putin hosting the games.
Russia's effort to rebrand itself and remake its image abroad by hosting the games is still proving to be at least a partial success.
What is far from clear, both historically and with the games in Sochi—beyond whether the Olympics will benefit the host country in the long-term—is what comes at the expense of local residents, whose voices are often suppressed for the notoriety of holding a worldwide event.
Many Russians visiting Sochi, as well as locals in the area — including some of the 2,000 displaced residents—were excited by the games and the attention they received.
Still, the Savelyev's are not alone in their suffering. Some of their former neighbors are in temporary accommodation in the same building, and like the Savelyev's, are still looking for answers.
Lyudmila, who could not be reached to comment after her court hearing on Thursday, is determined to continue fighting for their family's home.
"I'm not going to stop. I'm going to fight to the end. I have nowhere to go, I have nothing. All my property, all my money, were put in that house I built, and now I've lost the house, I have nothing left loose. And I'm going to fight," she said. "All my life I was working hard," she added.
Alexey and Natalya are less optimistic. "The courts are not on our sides," Natalya said. "We don't know the reason."
Alexey, looking at the snow-covered North Caucasus mountains beyond the highway, wondered why this happened to them.
"The judge won't make a decision," he said. "'Where do you have for me to go with my children?'" he said he asked at court hearings. "And they do not even look me in the eye."
This is Part Two of a two-part series. Click here for Part One.


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Legend has it that the "Bird of Paradise" flies through the skies, never coming down to earth. Free, flamboyant and elusive, this imaginary bird is the inspiration for this Summer's 2013 Birds of Paradise limited edition Couture Collection by Dior, available now at your local counter. Birds of Paradise includes two eyeshadow palettes, a waterproof liner, two Dior Addict lipsticks, a lip maximizer, three Jelly Lip Pens, two Vernis Duos, two Nude Tan Paradise Blushes, a BB Creme and a brush. Four of the items from this wonderful collection can be seen below…
My first impression of this collection was a good one. I really like how each of the product shades have been expertly matched to complement each other and how each colour in the collection has an exotic feel to it. Of the products I've tried, the polishes have the best pigmentation. They also have a wonderful formula/texture that is consistent with other Le Vernis Lacquers from Dior. The only difference is these ones are about 1/3 smaller in size and come in a duo pack. The Dior Addict Lipstick in this collection is also great and packs the same benefits as those in the regular line. New to me, were the Jelly Lip Pens, which combine gloss, colour and moisture in one product. These are similar to the Clinique Chubby Sticks, although I found this one by Dior to be much more hydrating for my taste. I haven't had a chance to really play around with the Eyeshadow Palette but expect a full review of that up on this site soon! Also, if there is anything specific you'd like to see a more in-depth review on, please let me know in the comment section below.
|Dior 5 Coleurs Couture Colour Eyeshadow Palette – Paradise
Peacock #434 – $60 CDN/ 6g
|Dior Vernis Nail Lacquer Duo for Tips/Toes in Samba – $30 CDN / 2 x 7ml
Left: #402 / Right: #794 (sold together)
|Dior Addict Lipstick in Exotique #751 – $31 CDN /3.5g(only item that is not limited edition)
|Dior Jelly Lip Pen in Carioca #636 – $28 CDN / 2.75g
What do think of the Birds of Paradise Collection?
Since reading other reviews, I've since added the Nude Tan Paradise Blush in Coral Glow to my wish list!


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I have never seen an ecoboost advertised to get 25 mpg. And it may with the AC off at 50 mph on flat ground. I know at 60 mph in my dodge hemi I am getting over 20
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I have never seen an ecoboost advertised to get 25 mpg. And it may with the AC off at 50 mph on flat ground. I know at 60 mph in my dodge hemi I am getting over 20
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The 2011 commercials stated 22 mpg and the Ford website has the 2013 spec listed at 23 mph. I'll take either over the 15.7 my Silverado shows I'm getting today.
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Single cab 4x2 lol
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IDK i still think anyone claiming over 20 with a GAS full size truck is full of it. No way in Hell you will get that in Oregon.
No way since 06 they have changed the F150 so much as to get 8+ MPG better. That would be a 50% increase in milage just by changing an engine?
My 06 F150 got 12 in town and 16 on the highway. 4x4 Supercab wighed in at 6500lbs.
I have said before i know when i goto AZ i can get 20 in my Diesel on the highway and about 17 to 18 in town but its FLAT there.
I also havnt seen any modified Diesel get worse milage then a Gas truck, only exception would be the Chevy V8 that turns cylinders off to make it a 4 banger on the highway but that only works when there is no load on the truck
I also find it hard to believe a 3ton truck with a V8 is getting comperable milage to your average V6 car weighting in at 2 tons. IDK, the math just doesnt add up. More cyclinders more weight larger wind surface but equal mileage to a smaller engine, smaller windsurface and lighter vehicle.
Mikey I been watching them deals, I seen one few weeks ago 10k off msrp. The wife wants a new suv so I'm closer to having a suv sitting in the yard then a eco. lol
I drove through the Texas hill country last week and at 50-60 mph I only got around 17 mpg due to all the ups and downs. The manufacturers mileage numbers are best case scenario meaning everything is ideal for optimal fuel mileage
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As lots of you have mentioned, there are so many contributing factors. Speed, load, ac,on/off level road ,wind at your back , i did forget we are at pretty high elevation 3500ft so we lose power due to altitude as well. not quite as bad as Colorado? but close enough. I notice quite a difference when we go on holidays to places at lower elevations,with my boat so obviously truck is gonna do the same.
I guess in a perfect world , i'd get 25mpg but for now i will quit complaining and enjoy my ECOBOOST. As for hemi,s getting 20 i find that one a little hard to believe and as for cylinder deactivation again i call BS. Think about it .... How often do you really think they shut down? Under normal driving ? Thats next to never gonna happen. Maybe on a roller dyno with zero resistance under perfect conditions. Likely the same place Ford got there 25mpg number?
I don't know guys, you all sound like you have it pretty good to me...
I live at 7000 ft and my drive to work and driving during the day takes me from 9000 and up to 12000, depending in which house I'm working at.
MPGs are not ideal, obviously, and I paid $4.60 per gallon today. At 35 gallons, that adds up. I do about one tank a week.
As I see it, you all get killer MPGs!!!
As far as 20 mpg at 60 mph, my computer in the truck claimed 22.4 but I have hand calculated it out before and it lies by about 2 mpg pretty consistently so I just took it off the top and said 20. I didn't hand calculate it tho.
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Server 2008 Shrink Extend Partition
How to shrink and extend Server 2008 partition without losing data?
All the sizes of physical disk partitions or RAID array virtual drives are allocated while building the Windows 2008 Server, however, the scheduled size may not always meet your needs, for example:
- System partition was created too small and no free space left after a long time.
- To manage files more effectively, you need to shrink the large partition and create more smaller ones for different usage.
- A data partition is too small, but files keep going into it.
Comparing to the previous Server Operating Systems, Windows Server 2008 Disk Management console provides new feature – "Shrink Volume" and "Extend Volume", which can be used to decrease and increase partition size. However, you cannot extend the system C drive by shrinking other data drive in this console. After reading this article, you'll know the details about this new feature and the difference with third party partitioning software.
How to shrink Server 2008 partition?
– Shrink partition under Disk Management
Step 1: Press "Windows" and "R" on keyboard, type "compmgmt.msc" to open Disk Management console. Right click the partition and select "Shrink Volume".
Step 2: In the pop-up window, type the value how much free space to shrink from the C drive. (or any drive you want to shrink)
Click "Shrink" and the operation complete in a short time. Original 120GB C drive becomes 10GB and the unused space becomes Unallocated.
– Shrink partition with 3rd party software
Step 1: Launch AOMEI Partition Assistant Server and you'll see the disk partition layout, which is similar with Disk Management. Right click the partition you want to shrink and select "Resize Partition" feature.
Step 2: In the pop-up window, drag left border rightwards or right border leftwards to shrink this partition.
Step 3: Click OK and back to the main window, where you'll see that original C drive shrank to 30GB and the unused space becomes Unallocated. Remember to press "Apply" button on top left to proceed. (You can cancel any operations before clicking "Apply", because it works in the virtual mode of the program. After clicking it, the physical disk partition will be resized.)
1. When you shrink a partition, unmovable files (for example, the paging file or the shadow copy storage area) are not automatically relocated and you cannot decrease the allocated space beyond the point where the unmovable files are located. In this case, you can only shrink a little space.
2. When you shrink a partition, the Unallocated space can only be created behind it.
3. The Unallocated space shrank from a partition can only be used to create new partitions.
1. The maximum space can be shrank is all free space in a partition.
2. You may drag either left or right border of this partition to shrink, so the Unallocated space can be created before or behind this partition.
3. Besides creating new partitions, the Unallocated space can be used to extend any drive in the same disk.
How to Extend Server 2008 partition?
– Extend partition under Disk Management
Step 1: Right-click the partition you want to extend and select "Extend Volume…"
Step 2: In the pop-up window, type the value how much space to add to C drive and click Next.
Step 3: Confirm the operation and click "Finish" to proceed.
The extending operation complete in a short time.
From the screenshot, when you right click C drive the "Extend Volume" is grayed out. The 20GB Unallocated space can only be used to extend drive E.
– Expand partition with 3rd party software
If there is already Unallocated space, launch the partitioning software, right click the Unallocated space and select "Merge Partition".
In the pop-up window, click the check-box of C drive (or other one you want), select C: as the target partition to hold the free space in the drop-down box.
Click OK and back to the main window, where you'll find that the free Unallocated space added to C drive.
If there is no Unallocated space, you can expand C drive by taking unused space from any data drives directly.
Right click a data drive and select "Allocate Free Space".
In the pop-up window, type the value how much unused space to take from the data drive E:, select C: as the target drive in drop-down box.
Click OK and back to main window, the unused space of E: has been added to drive C:. Remember to click "Apply" button on top left to proceed.
In summary, Windows Server 2008 Disk Management has the ability to change the size of existing partition, but it is very limited. To shrink and extend partition on Windows Server 2008, the 3rd party partitioning software is the best choice.
Video guide to extend volume on Windows Server 2008 (R2)
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WILMINGTON, Del., Feb. 21 (UPI) -- Federal prosecutors have indicted five men in a 2011 jewelry store heist in Delaware, during which more than $6 million worth of gold and gems were stolen.
The suspects were identified as Darrell "Blue" Williams, David "Dawoo" Story, Rufus "Alonzo Nowell" Lawson, Willie Hawkins Smith and Jackie Howard, The (Wilmington, Del.) News Journal reported.
Prosecutors indicted the suspects in December and released the indictment Thursday after the last man was in custody.
Authorities said they believe the five men are responsible for a heist at Stuart Kingston Jewelers in Wilmington. The thieves made off with $4.4 million worth of gold, diamonds, other precious gems and a $2 million ruby sculpture.
Three of the suspects allegedly entered the store in the afternoon on Nov. 1, 2011, wearing masks and brandishing firearms. They allegedly tied up four employees, then smashed glass cases and took the jewels.
It was unclear which of the suspects took part in the actual robbery and what roles the other two played.
None of the jewels have been recovered, authorities said.
The robbery was featured on "America's Most Wanted" in February 2012 and store owner Jim Stein offered a $10,000 reward for information leading to the arrest and conviction of the men.


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Vermilion police
Wednesday, June 5
12:11 p.m. — 1000 block of Wayne Trail, a resident called to report three people were throwing rocks at street lights. The three suspects were found and charges were filed.
8:24 p.m. — 3700 block of Edgewater Drive, reported broken window from a thrown rock.
Thursday, June 6
6:38 p.m. — 1000 block of Douglas St., a man was charged with criminal trespass and discharging a firearm within city limits after police said it was learned he was using a pellet gun to shoot at birds and animals, no name given.
Friday, June 7
9:22 a.m. — 4200 block of Liberty Ave., theft of aluminum from the front of Weldmasters.
Sunday, June 9
12:50 a.m. — 4700 block of Bridgeport Drive, Kristy Kelm arrested and charged with disorderly conduct persisting. Police said Kelm was involved in a domestic dispute with her boyfriend and she would not return to her apartment after being ordered to by a police officer.
4:41 p.m. — 4700 block of Bridgeport Drive, report that a vehicle had struck several mailboxes and left the area.
8:42 p.m. — 5100 block of Liberty Ave., a man was arrested and charged with disorderly conduct while intoxicated after police were called to Quaker Steak and Lube for a customer who had caused a scene, left the bar without paying and kicked a car in the parking lot. The man, whose name was not listed, was released to a sober party.
10:21 p.m. — 4800 block of Liberty Ave., Bryan Fraley arrested and charged with domestic violence.
Monday, June 10
10:21 a.m. — 300 block of Salem Drive, an officer reported a cracked window on an apartment window, but no entry appeared to be gained and nothing was missing.
Amherst police
Saturday, June 8
1:53 a.m. — Chestnut Lane, Dylan Hughett and Aaron Kelly, 18, cited for underage consumption. Hughett and Kelly were cited after a caller reported that they were hiding behind a tree in the backyard. Police said the caller's 16-year-old daughter had invited the men over without the caller's knowledge.
4:58 a.m. — 1900 block of Cooper Foster Park Road, window broken out at Verizon Wireless.
Sunday, June 9
2:21 a.m. —No location given, Laura Frasher, 25, charged with possession of marijuana and drug paraphernalia.
8:19 p.m. — 300 block of James St., a man arrested and charged with domestic violence for allegedly striking his estranged wife, no name given.
Sunday, June 16
6:33 p.m. — 100 block of Lincoln St., a woman reported that a health care worker stole her debit card while she was at the hospital and emptied her account. The incident is under investigation.


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Daguerreotypes in the library!
Stop by and see how photography got its start with a display created by GCC staff member John Potera. The daguerreotype (1839 – ca. 1860) was the first functional photograph made of silver-plated copper and required about 15 minutes of exposure time. Progression of photographs will continue with future displays including Ambrotypes (1851-1880s) and Tintypes (1858 – 1910s). The photograph display is located in the library Media Room.


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I am not receiving email from a user group on AOL. Before when I used Norton there was not a problem untilI switched to Zone Alarm security suite. It is not in deleted or spam or anywhere! Can someone tell me whatto do to get this group mail. My address is correct on the user group page. Thanks and HELP
Operating System:Windows XP Home Edition
Product Name:ZoneAlarm Internet Security Suite
Software Version:6.5


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|You are in: UK Politics
Wednesday, 10 October, 2001, 22:32 GMT 23:32 UK
Blair shores up Arab support
Tony Blair has been visiting British troops in Oman as he attempts to bolster morale and shore up Arab support for the coalition against terrorism.
On his three-day Middle East visit the UK prime minister is again stressing that the military action is a war against terrorism, not against Islam.
Mr Blair said it was vital people realised that a clash of cultures was exactly what was wanted by Osama Bin Laden, prime suspect for the US terror attacks.
He said the Taleban's announcement that Bin Laden was free to wage holy war should convince any doubters that military action was needed.
But the prime minister declined to give any clear indication about whether Britain would be prepared to back US-led air strikes against other Middle Eastern states.
He told BBC2's Newsnight on Wednesday: "The first phase of our war is against Afghanistan.
"What I am not going to do is say that if there is evidence that emerges in respect of other terrorist operations elsewhere in the world we are not going to take action".
'Need for action'
Earlier during his visit, Mr Blair said the Taleban's announcement had simply strengthened the west's resolve.
"Unless we stop Osama Bin Laden and his terrorist network they will continue to hijack, to kill, innocent people," he said.
"We have always said that Osama Bin Laden and the Taleban are working hand-in-glove and this simply proves it."
Mr Blair added that he hoped those who doubted the "nature and importance" of the action in Afghanistan had "had their doubts removed".
Middle East concern
At a news conference and a meeting with Oman's Sultan Qaboos, the prime minister warned that any country found to be fomenting terrorism could face coalition strikes.
But amid concern in some Middle Eastern states that the scope of the coalition's military action could be widened to countries like Iraq and Syria, UK officials in Oman have published a detailed war book of the government's campaign aims.
That "policy bible" makes clear that the campaign centres around Afghanistan first and foremost.
The BBC's political editor Andrew Marr says it effectively sets out a whole series of "very high hurdles" which would prevent Britain from engaging in military strikes against other sovereign states.
Such action, he said, would need UN approval, 100% proof of support for terrorism and the international coalition would have to move together at the same "painstaking" pace.
The BBC correspondent believed the message from Downing Street appeared to indicate that, at present, Britain would not be prepared to "swivel round" to support the US if it decided to target other Middle Eastern states.
Total determination
Mr Blair himself has been giving similar reassurances on his Middle Eastern visit, which follows a meeting with the United Arab Emirates president Sheikh Zayd in Geneva on Tuesday.
In an interview for Abu Dhabi Television interview, Mr Blair spoke of his total determination to defeat Bin Laden.
The prime minister said that he did not believe Bin Laden spoke for the Palestinian people.
"Palestinians disown this, they do not want his fanaticism any more than they want Taleban fanaticism."
He stressed any further action against other countries would only take place where there was evidence of wrongdoing and any action would be in consultation with the Arab world.
"We have evidence in respect of Afghanistan.
"The second phase of this is to look at where else terrorists operate."
An official travelling with Mr Blair restated the UK's position that it has no evidence to link Iraq to the terror attacks.
Troop support
In Oman Mr Blair met some of the 20,000 UK troops currently involved in the biggest British military exercise in Oman since the Gulf War.
They have not yet been involved in the US-led military operations in Afghanistan but Mr Blair told them the experience they would have gained from the exercise would stand them in good stead if they were called to fight.
Before he addressed the troops, Mr Blair was given an extensive briefing on the exercise, which involves an imaginary Middle East conflict, from British controller Brigadier Adrian Freer.
He also had the chance to meet some soldiers on a more informal basis over a curry lunch as part of efforts to signal his support for British forces.
See also:
10 Oct 01 | UK Politics
UK signs pact against bioterrorism
10 Oct 01 | UK
Police investigate Blair 'death threat'
09 Oct 01 | UK Politics
Allies want 'justice, not revenge'
09 Oct 01 | UK Politics
War cabinet meets for first time
10 Oct 01 | UK Politics
Tory leader to attack Bin Laden
Internet links:
The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites
Top UK Politics stories now:
Links to more UK Politics stories are at the foot of the page.
Links to more UK Politics stories
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COLLEGE STATION, Texas – Football is a religion in Texas, and Friday's first day of the FoxSportsNet Texas 7-on-7 State championship presented by adidas was a great chance for pigskin disciples to be born again.
With five-star prospects like tight end Martellus Bennett and several of the state's top teams doing battle in the 64-team tournament, it was pure football heaven.
Pool play in the tournament took place Friday afternoon at Texas A&M with each team playing three games. Among the teams that went unbeaten were defending seven-on-seven state champion Odessa Permian, south Texas power Bay City, defending 5A state champion Katy and Grandbury out of the Metroplex.
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Play continues at 8 a.m. Saturday with the start of the 32-team consolation tournament. The 32-team championship tournament begins at 9 a.m. and will finish with the title game at 5 p.m. Saturday at Kyle Field.
Permian rolled though pool play behind the hot arm of senior quarterback Shea Smith. Bay City had a potent offense and defense, but linebacker Terrance Flagg was especially impressive. Grandbury used an overall team effort to show that the Pirates should be a team to reckon with after a 2-8 2003 season. Katy, who was 15-1 last year, was led by linebacker Paul Thornton.
While plenty of teams had great success on the field, plenty of high-profile recruits were able to strut their stuff on a big-time stag against other big-time players.
The highest-ranked prospect at the camp was Bennett, the nation's top tight end and Miami commitment. Bennett, who is 6-foot-7 and 237 pounds, was a one-man wrecking crew for Alief Taylor. Despite a struggling quarterback, Bennett was still the go-to-man any time Lions needed a big play.
Time after time, Bennett was able to out leap helpless defenders and come up with impressive catches. He also got plenty of opportunities to catch the ball on the run and turn them into solid yards after a catch with moves that would make James Brown proud.
Bennett was bothered with reoccurring pain in his knee, but when it came time to snap the football he was always ready to, proving why he's a five-star prospect.
There has never been any doubt that Henry Melton of Grapevine was one of the most impressive looking recruits in the nation. Melton, a ripped 6-3 and 250-plus pounds, wants a shot at playing running back in college but with his athletic ability he can play a number of different positions.
How about receiver?
With running the ball against the rules in seven-on-seven play, Melton was forced to line up at receiver, where he was able to showcase his size, speed and overall football skill to prove why he's ranked as the nation's No. 90 player and a four-star prospect. Melton, who said he's looking only at in-state schools like Texas, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, definitely impressed despite not playing in his natural position.
There is little doubt that Pflugerville standout Todd Walker is one of the nation's top athletes and worthy of a Rivals100 ranking, but at times the 6-2, 185-pounder struggled at quarterback on Friday. But Walker wasn't the only one on his team that struggled with the Panthers dropping several games by a lopsided margin.
Put at a position where he could use his athletic ability – possibly as a receiver – Walker could be truly special on the next level and he showed that Friday.
One of the most exciting battles of the day happened during the first game of the tournament when Houston Westside athlete R.J. Jackson went head-to-head against Sulphur Springs safety Keenan Clayton.
Where ever Jackson went, Clayton went.
Over the middle, deep, or on the short routes, whichever route Jackson ran, Clayton was there sticking with him like glue. Clayton often never gave Jackson a chance to get open, causing Westside quarterback Marcus Jackson to look at other options.
But as the game moved on, Jackson found several opportunities to get open and he took advantage of them with a couple big touchdown catches.
All in all, Clayton got the best of Jackson several times with his physical play and great coverage ability.
And Jackson continued to work hard and never gave up and eventually he got his opportunities.
It was a stalemate, which is what you expect when you pit two four-star recruits and Texas' best against each other.
This could be an interesting battle to follow also in college, because Clayton is leaning heavily toward Oklahoma and Jackson really likes Texas.
Lufkin running back Jovorksie Lane moved from the backfield to receiver Friday and looked impressive. Lane, who looked be a little heavier than his listed 240 pounds, looked good in several breakaway situations when he was able to fly down the field and get open.
Still, Lane didn't get a chance to showcase his true ability as a running back carrying the ball. With his big-frame, it was kind of hard for him to truly show how special he is in a seven-on-seven setting but when he did get thrown the ball he did do a very good job.


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Canadian Forest Service Publications
Publications by K.A. Stockburger
2 records.
Differentiation among effects of nitrogen fertilization treatments on conifer seedlings by foliar reflectance
Moran, J.A.; Mitchell, A.K.; Goodmanson, G.; Stockburger, K.A.
Year: 2000
Catalog ID: 5479
Available from: Pacific Forestry Centre
CFS Availability: Print (free), PDF (request by e-mail)
Photosynthetic pigments: A bibliography
Stockburger, K.A.; Mitchell, A.K.
Year: 1999
Catalog ID: 5317
Available from: Pacific Forestry Centre
CFS Availability: Print (free), PDF (download)
This may not be a complete list of the author's publications. This list provides the author's publications since he or she joined, or worked in cooperation with, the CFS. When available, another link is provided for periods of work elsewhere.
- Date modified:


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We previously reported that the in vitro maturation of CD49f+Thy1−CD45− (CD49f positive) fetal hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) is supported by Thy1-positive mesenchymal cells derived from the fetal liver. These mesenchymal cell preparations contain two populations, one of a cuboidal shape and the other spindle shaped in morphology. In this study, we determined that the mucin-type transmembrane glycoprotein gp38 could distinguish cuboidal cells from spindle cells by immunocytochemistry. RT-PCR analysis revealed differences between isolated CD49f±Thy1+gp38+CD45− (gp38 positive) cells and CD49f±Thy1+gp38−CD45− (gp38 negative) cells, whereas both cells expressed mesenchymal cell markers. The coculture with gp38-positive cells promoted the maturation of CD49f-positive HPCs, which was estimated by positivity for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, whereas the coculture with gp38-negative cells maintained CD49f-positive HPCs negative for PAS staining. The expression of mature hepatocyte markers, such as tyrosine aminotransferase, tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase, and glucose-6-phosphatase, were upregulated on HPCs by coculture with gp38-positive cells. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy revealed the acquisition of mature hepatocyte features by HPCs cocultured with gp38-positive cells. This effect on maturation of HPCs was inhibited by the addition of conditioned medium derived from gp38-negative cells. By contrast, the upregulation of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation by HPCs demonstrated the proliferative effect of coculture with gp38-negative cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that in vitro maturation of HPCs promoted by gp38-positive cells may be opposed by an inhibitory effect of gp38-negative cells, which likely maintain the immature, proliferative state of HPCs.
- gp38-positive cells
- gp38-negative cells
- coculture
- immature
in the liver, several types of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs)/hepatic stem cells (1, 4, 11, 18, 20, 23, 28–30, 33) have been isolated and examined. Due to their high proliferative potential, HPCs/hepatic stem cells are expected to be an effective cell source for transplantation therapy. The difficulty in applying these HPCs/hepatic stem cells to clinical scenarios, however, is that they exhibit lower hepatic function than terminally differentiated hepatocytes. To make cell transplantation therapy using HPCs/hepatic stem cells clinically viable, it is necessary to develop an in vitro maturation system. Many studies examining the maturation of HPCs in vitro have demonstrated the importance of several soluble factors, including hepatocyte growth factor (9, 19, 27), fibroblast growth factors (13, 34), and oncostatin M (15).
Previously, we successfully enriched and isolated HPCs [CD49f+Thy1−CD45− cells (CD49f-positive cells)] and mesenchymal cells [CD49f±Thy1+CD45− cells (Thy1-positive cells)] from embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) fetal livers using a method to form cell aggregates similar to the neurosphere (7). Thy1-positive mesenchymal cells derived from the fetal liver promoted the functional and morphological differentiation of CD49f-positive cells into mature hepatocytes in vitro through direct cell-to-cell contacts. A number of reports have supported the requirement of cell-to-cell contacts between parenchymal cells and nonparenchymal cells in hepatocyte differentiation (2, 14, 16, 17). Therefore, it is important to elucidate the identity of the mesenchymal cells necessary for the maturation of HPCs.
In this study, to further fractionate Thy1-positive mesenchymal cells, we focused on the mucin-type transmembrane glycoprotein gp38 (also known as T1α or podoplanin). Gp38 is specifically expressed by lymphatic but not blood vascular endothelial cells and thus is well established as one of the lymphatic-specific markers (3). During embryogenesis, gp38 expression is induced in the mouse foregut endoderm prior to lung bud formation at E8.5–9.0, at which time liver specification occurs in the same region. We isolated the two cell populations as gp38-postive cells and gp38-negative cells from Thy1-positive cells by cell sorting. We then elucidated the effects of these two populations of Thy1-positive mesenchymal cells on the in vitro maturation of fetal HPCs.
C57BL/6J Jms Slc mice were obtained from SLC (Hamamatsu, Japan). All animal experimental procedures were performed in accordance with Animal Protection Guidelines of Kyoto University.
Isolation and culture of fetal HPCs.
Fetal HPCs obtained from E13.5 fetal livers were enriched by cell aggregate formation as previously described (7, 32). A flow diagram describing the formation of cell aggregates and subsequent analysis by flow cytometry or cell sorting is shown in Fig. 1. Cell aggregates selected by gravity sedimentation were seeded on type I collagen-coated culture plates (Becton Dickinson, Lincoln Park, NJ), followed by a 24-h incubation. After hematopoietic cells were removed by washing twice with PBS, adherent cells were dissociated and subjected to flow cytometry (FACS Caliber, Becton Dickinson) or cell sorting (FACS Vantage, Becton Dickinson).
Cultured cells were washed twice with PBS and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde-PBS for 10 min at 4°C. Immunocytochemistry for gp38, desmin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), albumin, and cytokeratin 19 was performed as previously described (7, 32). The primary antibody of gp38 used was anti-mouse gp38 antibody [8.1.1: the hamster monoclonal antibody specific for gp38 was a kind gift of Dr. Andrew G. Farr, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; 1:10 dilution]. Primary antibodies were omitted for negative controls.
Flow cytometry and cell sorting.
Flow cytometry and cell sorting were performed as previously described (7). Gp38-allophycocyanin (8F11: a rat anti-mouse gp38 monoclonal antibody) was prepared as described previously and labeled in our laboratory according to the manufacturer's instructions (10). Sorted cells were seeded on type I collagen-coated 24-well plates at a density of 2 × 104 cells/well in DMEM (GIBCO-BRL, Grand Island, NY) supplemented with 10% FCS, 20 mmol/l HEPES, 25 mmol/l NaHCO3, 0.5 mg/l insulin, 10−7 mol/l dexamethasone (Wako, Osaka, Japan), 10 mmol/l nicotinamide (Wako), 2 mmol/l l-ascorbic acid phosphate (Wako), 20 ng/l of the deleted form of hepatocyte growth factor (kindly provided by Snow Brand Milk Products, Tokyo, Japan), and antibiotics.
RT-PCR was performed as previously described (7). Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) was used as an internal control for normalization. The primers used for amplification are listed in Table 1.
Real-time RT-PCR was performed with an ABI Prism 7700 Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA), according to the manufacturer's protocol, using TaqMan gene expression products for tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TO). The comparative threshold cycle method against the expression level of GAPDH was used to determine relative quantities. The primers and probes used are listed in Table 2.
Periodic acid-Schiff staining.
Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining was performed as previously described (7). Results were evaluated using National Institutes of Health Program Scion Image Beta 4.02 software.
Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay.
Cultured cells were incubated with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU; 10 μM) for 24 h and then incubated with 2 N HCl for 1 h at 37°C. Incorporated BrdU was detected by immunocytochemistry using an anti-BrdU antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (Boehringer Mannheim). Peroxidase activity was developed by ENVISION KIT/HRP(DAB) (Dako) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Transmission electron microscopy.
CD49f-positive cells cocultured with gp38-positive or gp38-negative Thy1-positive cell subpopulations were isolated after an 8-day culture, and transmission electron microscopy was then performed as previously described (7).
Statistical analysis.
Values are expressed as means ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed with Student's t-test. P < 0.05 was considered significant.
Two populations of mesenchymal cells in cell aggregates.
After the isolation of Thy1-positive cells by flow cytometry, it was revealed that the Thy1-positive population contained two morphologically different cell types, one cuboidal in shape and the other spindle shaped (Fig. 2A). By immunocytochemistry, gp38 expression was detected on cuboidal cells but was absent from spindle-shaped cells (Fig. 2B). We identified two subpopulations of Thy1-positive cells by flow cytometric analysis: gp38-positive cells (CD49f±Thy1+gp38+CD45−) and gp38-negative cells (CD49f±Thy1+gp38−CD45−) (Fig. 1B). Gp38-positive cells accounted for 16.31 ± 3.67% of the total Thy1-positive cells derived from the E13.5 fetal liver at the time of isolation (day 0; Fig. 1C). The proportion of gp38-positive cells increased day by day and resulted in 76.27% of the cultures 9 days after isolation (day 9; Fig. 1D). Gp38-positive and gp38-negative cells were separated by cell sorting with purities of 97% and 94%, respectively (Fig. 1B). Isolated cuboidal gp38-positive cells retained homogeneous staining for gp38 for at least 5 days (Fig. 2, C and D), whereas isolated spindle-shaped cells remained negative for gp38 (Fig. 2, E and F).
Characteristics of two mesenchymal cells.
By immunostaining, both subpopulations of Thy1-positive cells were positive for α-SMA and desmin (Fig. 3, A–D). Stains for α-SMA in gp38-positive cells localized to the periphery of the cells, indicating the presence of cortical fibers (Fig. 3A). On the other hand, the distribution of α-SMA in gp38-negative cells revealed the presence of stress fibers (Fig. 3B). There were no significant differences in the staining patterns of desmin between gp38-positive cells and gp38-negative cells (Fig. 3, C and D). Next, to characterize the two populations of mesenchymal cells, we performed RT-PCR analysis for genes specifically expressed by several cells that reside in the liver. Both cell types expressed CD34 as well as mesenchymal cell markers (α-SMA, desmin, and vimentin) but did not express hepatic stellate cell marker (glial fibrillary acidic protein), endothelial cell markers [PECAM-1, fetal liver kinase (Flk)-1, and vascular endothelium-cadherin], or Kupffer cell marker (CD16) (Fig. 3E). Interestingly, gp38-positive cells and gp38-negative cells differentially expressed integrin-β4, CFTR, PDGF receptor-β, nestin, and integrin-α8. These data demonstrated that these two populations of Thy1-positive cells were distinct mesenchymal cells.
Coculture of HPCs and mesenchymal cells.
To investigate the functional differences of the two populations of Thy1-positive cells, we tested the effect of gp38-positive or gp38-negative cells on CD49f-positive HPCs. CD49f-positive HPCs cocultured with gp38-positive cells increased intracellular granularity at day 3, proliferated until day 5, and then gradually piled up at the periphery of colonies. By day 7, the piled-up area was extensively expanded in CD49f-positive colonies, where binucleated mature cells appeared (Fig. 4A). CD49f-positive HPCs when cocultured with gp38-negative cells did not display any features of mature hepatocytes even after 14 days (Fig. 4B and data not shown). Next, to examine whether the cultured cells produced and stored glycogen, as an indicator of functional maturation, PAS staining was performed. Almost all cells in CD49f-positive HPC colonies cocultured with gp38-positive cells were strongly stained for PAS at day 7 (Fig. 4C). However, CD49f-positive HPCs cocultured with gp38-negative cells were negative for PAS staining (Fig. 4D). On the other hand, the proportion of cells incorporating BrdU among CD49f-positive HPCs cocultured with gp38-positive cells was significantly lower than that seen in CD49f-positive HPCs cultured alone (Fig. 4E). By contrast, CD49f-positive HPCs cultured with gp38-negative cells demonstrated significantly higher level of BrdU incorporation than those cells cultured alone. These results demonstrate the proliferative activities of immature CD49f-positive HPCs cultured with gp38-negative cells. Supporting these morphological and immunocytochemical findings, RT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of mature hepatocyte markers (such as TAT, TO, and glucose-6-phosphatase) were upregulated in CD49f-positive HPCs cocultured with gp38-positive cells compared with those cells incubated with gp38-negative cells (Fig. 5A). On the other hand, CK19 and the fetal HPC marker CD49f were upregulated in CD49f-positive HPCs cocultured with gp38-negative cells. Both cell types expressed albumin strongly. Furthermore, mRNA expression of TAT and TO, as assessed by real-time RT-PCR, significantly increased in CD49f-positive HPCs cocultured with gp38-positive cells for 7 days (Fig. 5, B and C). No significant increases were observed in CD49f-positive HPCs cocultured with gp38-negative cells. To further investigate the maintenance of the immature state of CD49f-positive HPCs cocultured with gp38-negative cells, we then carried out immunostaining for albumin and CK19. CD49f-positive HPCs cocultured with gp38-negative cells for 11 days were positive for albumin, and some were also positive for CK19, indicating the presence of bipotentiality, i.e., the immature state (Fig. 5E). Only a few of the CD49f-positive HPCs cocultured with gp38-positive cells for 11 days showed double-positive staining (Fig. 5, D and F). Finally, transmission electron microscopy showed that CD49f-positive HPCs cultured with gp38-positive cells for 8 days contained multiple mitochondria, numerous peroxisomes, abundant Golgi apparati, a large number of glycogen granules, and tight junctions with desmosomes and formed biliary canaliculi with microvilli (Fig. 6, A and B). On the contrary, few of these features were observed in CD49f-positive HPCs cocultured with gp38-negative cells (Fig. 6C). These cells were thinner than those cells cocultured with gp38-positive cells.
Effect of conditioned medium of two types of mesenchymal cells on maturation of fetal HPCs.
To explore the effect of soluble factors secreted from the two subpopulations of mesenchymal cells on the in vitro maturation of HPCs, CD49f-positive HPCs were incubated with conditioned medium derived from gp38-positive or gp38-negative cell cultures. CD49f-positive HPCs did not differentiate morphologically in the presence of conditioned medium from gp38-positive cells and remained negative for PAS staining, indicating that direct contact between CD49f-positive HPCs and gp38-positive cells was essential for the maturation of HPCs (Fig. 7, A and B). Coculture of CD49f-positive HPCs and gp38-positive cells incubated with conditioned medium from gp38-positive cells promoted the expansion of piled-up areas in the colonies of CD49f-positive HPCs and induced many binucleated cells after 7 days (Fig. 7C). In contrast, when CD49f-positive HPCs were cultured with gp38-positive cells in the presence of conditioned medium from gp38-negative cells, few cells showed maturate features morphologically by 7 days (Fig. 7D). PAS staining supported the morphological results (Fig. 7, E–G). The proportion of PAS-positive cells among CD49f-positive HPCs cocultured with gp38-positive cells was significantly attenuated in the presence of conditioned medium from gp38-negative cells compared with that observed in the presence of gp38-positive cell conditioned media.
In this study, we demonstrated that these two types of Thy1-positive cells could be separated by the expression of gp38. RT-PCR analysis indicated that both gp38-positive cells and gp38-negative cells expressed mesenchymal cell markers (α-SMA, desmin, and vimentin). Gp38 is a specific marker for lymphatic endothelium (21, 24, 25); however, both mesenchymal cells were negative for PECAM-1 and Flk-1, indicating that neither cell subtype was composed of blood or lymphatic endothelial cells. On the other hand, CD34, which is generally expressed by juvenile cells such as hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells, was detected on both cell subtypes. There were differences in the expression of some marker genes between gp38-positive cells and gp38-negative cells, although we cannot characterize these differences in greater detail at this point. Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue sections obtained from E13.5 fetal livers for Thy1 and gp38 could not determine the locations of Thy1-positive cells and gp38-positive cells (data not shown), most likely due to the very low number of mesenchymal cells.
In early liver development, fetal HPCs derived from the anterior forgut endoderm migrate into the septum transversum mesenchymal area to form the liver bud. HPCs then develop into the functionally matured hepatocytes that comprise the adult liver parenchyma. Several findings have indicated that mesenchymal cells are critical in this early stage of liver development (5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 22, 34). Colonies of CD49f-positive HPCs cocultured with gp38-positive cells developed the morphological features, marker gene expression, and glycogen storage capabilities of mature hepatocytes, whereas conditioned medium of gp38-positive cells did not promote the maturation of CD49f-positive HPCs. These results suggest that cell-cell contacts with gp38-positive cells were necessary for the maturation of HPCs into hepatocytes in vitro. This in vitro maturation effect is likely mediated by a specific surface molecule present on gp38+Thy1+ mesenchymal cells. By contrast, CD49f-positive HPCs cocultured with gp38-negative cells did not develop the feature of mature hepatocytes, and, concomitantly, those cells retained a higher proliferative activity than CD49f-positive HPCs cultured alone, as shown by BrdU incorporation. In addition, conditioned medium from gp38-negative cells suppressed the maturation of CD49f-positive HPCs that was promoted by coculture with gp38-positive cells. Taken together, gp38-negative cells maintain the proliferative and immature state of HPCs, and those cells secrete soluble factors that have an inhibitory effect on gp38-positive cell-induced HPC maturation. The effect of gp38-negative cells may resemble the effect of murine embryonic fibroblasts on embryonic stem cells; murine embryonic fibroblasts maintain the undifferentiated state of embryonic stem cells with a highly proliferative activity in vitro (31).
According to our previous study (7), Thy1-positive cells promoted the maturation of CD49f-positive HPCs during a 14-day coculture. Despite the presence of inhibitory gp38-negative cells, Thy1-positive cells mediated the maturation of CD49f-positive HPCs because the proportion of gp38-positive cells increased among the Thy1-positive cell population during the culture. By day 9, gp38-positive cells accounted for 76.27% of total Thy1-positive cells, whereas they were a minority (16.31 ± 3.67%) at isolation. Thus, the effect of gp38-positive cells would dominate during the coculture with HPCs.
Because Verfaillie and colleagues (26) reported a differentiation potential of adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells toward liver cells, we investigated whether the two types of Thy1-positive fetal mesenchymal cells were able to differentiate to hepatocytes with the same medium as in previous studies. However, immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated that both gp38-positive and gp38-negative cells were negative for albumin (data not shown). As a result, we could not display the differentiation capacity of these two mesenchymal cells toward hepatocytes, although we do not exclude the possibility under other conditions. In addition, we are currently exploring the two types of mesenchymal cells in the adult liver. It would be interesting to test the two resulting cell populations in mouse models of liver disease.
In conclusion, two types of mesenchymal cells isolated from E13.5 fetal livers had profoundly different effects on the in vitro maturation of CD49f-positive HPCs. Gp38-positive cells promote HPCs differentiation, whereas gp38-negative cells promote proliferation and not differentiation. These newly identified mesenchymal cells provide an opportunity to further understand liver development and regeneration, possibly contributing to the application of HPCs/hepatic stem cells to regenerative medicine. In clinical use, isolated HPCs could be amplified by coculture with gp38-negative cells and could be differentiated into mature hepatocytes with gp38-positive cells. Such differentiated hepatocytes would be available as stable supplies of transplantation cell sources.
This work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the special Coordination Funds for promoting Science and Technology, the Ichiro Kanehara Foundation, Takeda Science Foundation, and the Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund.
We thank Dr. Andrew G. Farr for providing the anti-gp38 antibodies, Dr. Makio Fujioka for the assistance with transmission electron microscopy, Dr. Meiko Takahashi for critical reading, and Snow Brand Milk Products for providing the deleted form of hepatocyte growth factor.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
- Copyright © 2007 the American Physiological Society


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Virginia Tech shooting during 2007 fine appeal
BLACKSBURG, Va. (AP) — The Virginia Tech police officer who was shot dead in his parked cruiser was a trained firearms and defense instructor with a specialty in crisis intervention. His death leaves investigators puzzling over how and why a gunman walked up to the patrol car during a traffic stop, killed the officer and wound up dead himself in a nearby parking lot.
The campus shooting prompted officials to lock down the university for hours Thursday while police and SWAT teams searched the school, the scene in 2007 of the deadliest mass shooting in modern U.S. history.
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Authorities have in-car video from officer Deriek W. Crouse's cruiser that shows a male suspect with a handgun at the officer's car at the time of the shooting. But they have not identified the gunman and say they don't know what motivated the killing or whether there was any link between the shooter and Crouse.
The shooter was not a student, university spokesman Larry Hincker said Friday. He declined to identify the suspect any more closely and said the information would come from state police, who scheduled a news conference for 10 a.m.
Crouse, an Army veteran and married father of five, was killed after pulling a driver over in a school parking lot. Police said the gunman was not involved in the traffic stop. Instead, he approached, shot the officer and then fled on foot before apparently killing himself in another lot.
"At this point, we haven't been able to establish any kind of immediate connection between the officer and the shooter," State Police spokeswoman Corinne Geller told The Associated Press late Thursday. "That's obviously something that's being looked into."
State police said in a news release early Friday that ballistics tests confirmed Crouse and the deceased suspect had been shot by the same handgun. The tests have "officially linked the two fatal shootings," the release said.
The news release said clothing found inside a discarded backpack recovered by Blacksburg police seemed to match that of the male subject in the officer's video. Police said they were awaiting confirmation of the deceased suspect's identity as well as autopsy results from the medical examiner in Roanoke.
The events unfolded on the same day Virginia Tech officials were in Washington, fighting a federal government fine over their handling of the 2007 massacre where 33 people were killed. The shooting brought back painful memories. About 150 students gathered silently for a candlelight vigil on a field facing the stone plaza memorial for the 2007 victims. An official vigil is planned for Friday night.
Police would not rule out a connection between the shootings and an armed robbery Wednesday in Radford, about 10 miles from Blacksburg. According to media reports, Radford police were looking for a man they considered armed and dangerous after an armed robbery at a local real estate office.
Police said Crouse called in the traffic stop at 12:15 p.m. After a few minutes passed without hearing from the officer, dispatch tried to get in touch with him, but didn't get a response. About 15 minutes later, police received the first call from a witness who said an officer had been shot at the Cassell Coliseum parking lot and the gunman had fled on foot.
Authorities refused to say whether Crouse was able to defend himself or fire back at his assailant.
Local, state and federal officials responded immediately. At 1 p.m., an officer saw a suspicious man in a parking lot. He had a gunshot wound and a gun nearby.