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[photogallerylink id=99162]
Blue Ivy Carter hasn't even been on this planet for a month and she already has the world at her feet!
With [lastfm link_type="artist_info"]Beyonce[/lastfm] for a mom and [lastfm link_type="artist_info"]Jay-Z[/lastfm] for a dad what more could she ask for?? Oh yeah, Oprah as her godmother!!
Yup! you heard us, Oprah has been chosen as godmother to Blue Ivy!
For a little while it seemed as though celebrities were taking a break from drama, but the good news is that a break doesn't last forever and it was only a matter of time until our Hollywood favorites made their way back to scandalous headlines!
This morning His Royal Highness gave Carson an update about Demi Moore, Russell Brand dating other women, Oprah being Blue Ivy Carter's godmother, Drew Carrey calls his engagement off, [lastfm link_type="artist_info"]Blake Shelton[/lastfm] will perform at the Grammys, PLUS [lastfm link_type="artist_info"]LMFAO [/lastfm]and [lastfm link_type="artist_info"]Cee Lo Green[/lastfm] will be singing alongside [lastfm link_type="artist_info"]Madonna[/lastfm] at the Super Bowl!
Want to know more info?? Get the full stories from the links below!
- Demi Moore Took Adderall Too Before Her Seizure!
- Russell Brand's Already Seeing Other Women And Slamming Katy Perry!?! UGH!
- YES!!! Oprah's The Chosen One! Oprah Chosen To Be Blue Ivy's Godmother
- The
PriceTime Is RightWrong! Drew Carey Calls Off Engagement!
- CONFIRMED: Madonna To Perform With LMFAO At Super Bowl
If you liked the above stories then you'll love the ones below:


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A.J. Jenkins didn't look very happy after practice Tuesday, a rarity for the fun-loving, well-liked Illinois senior wide receiver. Jenkins was responding to criticism of his post-game comment Satur...
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Pru Goward is the state Liberal member for Goulburn in the NSW Parliament, shadow minister for women and community services.
If the gay lobby wants gay marriage, it should start with the churches. Australian governments will follow.
Topics: community-and-society, family-and-children, marriage, gays-and-lesbians, religion-and-beliefs, sexuality
Posted| Updated
Many Australians are offended by burkas and even by the headscarf. We are entitled to feel offended and to say so. We are also entitled to ban them but it would be unwise.
Topics: religion-and-beliefs, defence-and-national-security, law-crime-and-justice
Posted| Updated
Louis Nowra's essay about Germaine Greer in The Monthly stops well short of a true understanding of women's relationship with Grumpy Greer. The force of Greer's basic proposition - that men and women must be equal - will remain with us for eternity.
Topics: community-and-society, information-and-communication, person
Posted| Updated
Pru Goward sees Sarah Palin as 'the other feminist sister'.


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Discussion in 'Legend of Zelda' started by mikeomatic2, Mar 30, 2007.
hi im a noob at zelda and i was just wunderin how to get the fishing rod
somebody plz help!!!!
help im bout to go to bed!!!!!!!!!!!
First off don't triple post when you don't get an answer immediately, secondly use the search, this has been asked before I'm pretty sure and thirdly you get it from Collins mum after getting back her baby from the monkey that's in the eastern part of the village jumping on top of a rock. You send the hawk at the monkey to get it and then take it back to Collins mum by the river side.


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Legal Question in Real Estate Law in California
Capital Gains and Interspousal Transfer Deed
If I acquire ownership of our home as my sole and separate property througn an interspousal transfer deed, what will be used as the basis for capital gains if I should sell the home? We are planning to divorce but haven't done so yet. We have been married for 27 years, owned the home for 20 years, and have lived apart for 4 years. What happens if we don't divorce prior to my selling the house? Lastly, if I don't sell, how is the inheritance tax liability figured?
Thank you for your time.
1 Answer from Attorneys
Re: Capital Gains and Interspousal Transfer Deed
The answer to the first question probably depends upon how you "acquire ownership" - there may be a huge difference between paying big bucks or giving up very valuable assets, on the one hand, and receiving ownership as a gift. It may also be a factor how title is currently held - community property or whatever.
As to the second question, I'd only observe that tax treatment of property transfers done to carry out a divorce decree or privately-negotiated property settlement in a divorce generally have more generous (favorable) tax consequences.
Finally, inheritance tax issues are greatly complicated by differing results based upon factors such as total estate value, gifts before death, year of death, and the most recent whim of Congress, that a useful answer can only be obtained by personal consultation with an expert in this field, which could be a lawyer specializing in estate planning or a CPA or even a certified financial planner, but even with the best of help it will depend upon a certain amount of guesswork, more if you are relatively young.
Overall, I'd suggest that you see a professional person about your situation, since the dollar amounts and the possible swings between a good-advice outcome and a mediocre-advice outcome can outweigh the cost of good avice by a factor of ten to maybe 100, depending upon your numbers. Perhaps you can find the right combination of talents in one person, who will both handle your divorce and your financial plan. Focus on someone in the same county where the dissolution of marriage would be filed, and/or where the property is.


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|You are in: World: Africa
Sunday, 10 September, 2000, 15:54 GMT 16:54 UK
Death threats triggered rescue operation
Negotiations with the militia group holding the British soldiers hostage in Sierra Leone had always been described to the press as "productive" and "cordial".
The hostages - six Royal Irish Regiment soldiers and a local army officer - were actually living in fear of their lives, and it was this knowledge that triggered the rescue operation.
British military spokesman, Lieutenant Commander Tony Cramp, said: "Over the last couple of days it was felt these talks were not going anywhere and on the advice of those conducting negotiations it was felt there was an imminent danger to the men being held."
UK Defence Minister Geoff Hoon, said the militia had "threatened repeatedly to kill the hostages" and mock executions had taken place.
The West Side Boys wanted the release of their supporters from jail, a review of Sierra Leone's peace agreement and integration into the country's army.
'Unreasonable concessions'
But the Sierra Leone Government reiterated several times its determination not to give in to the hostage-takers.
The only concessions to the captors had been a satellite telephone, food and medical supplies.
This is thought to have led to the release of five of the soldiers on 30 August.
But after that, negotiations achieved nothing.
Mr Hoon said at the last meeting with West Side Boys leader "Brigadier" Foday Kallay the demands had got unreasonable.
On Thursday, several dozen British paratroopers arrived in Sierra Leone from Dakar, Senegal, with the authorisation of UK Prime Minister Tony Blair.
Mr Blair gave the final go-ahead for the mission to free the soldiers from the Royal Irish Regiment on Saturday afternoon.
In Canterbury, England, British army spokesman Paul Beard said the hostages' families had been given advance warning of the rescue and were "delighted at the news".
See also:
10 Sep 00 | Africa
Hostages freed after 'mock executions'
04 Sep 00 | Africa
Sierra Leone hostage talks 'going well'
05 Sep 00 | Africa
Paras fly out in hostage mission
Internet links:
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According to MK Gal-On, the hearings being held behind closed doors harm the public interest and serve the purposes of the prime minister and his ministers.
The appeal also asked the court to instruct the committee not to continue its discussions and hearings, including delaying the testimonies of the prime minister, the defense minister and the foreign minister, until a final decision is made regarding the petition.
'Public entitled to all the information'
In the petition, Gal-On explains that "during the war the public was under an impression that there were many failures in the conduct of the front and the home front… Those who entered bomb shelters to the sounds of loud explosions in many cases found a closed door and authorities without any answers or solution…
"In light of all this, many have called for the establishment of a commission of inquiry into the conduct of the political and defense echelon during the war, in order to draw the required conclusions and implement them as soon as possible."
The MK explained that the court had already recognized the public's right to know and ruled that this right is one of the freedom of speech's most important and key derivatives.
"There is no doubt that the public is entitled to full reliable and detailed information and to the maximum possible data on the deeds, the accomplishments and the failures which accompanied the fighting," Gal-On said.


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Rookie Lindsay Whalen had 21 points on 8-of-9 shooting and the Connecticut Sun moved into a tie for first place in the Eastern Conference with a 77-66 victory over the host New York Liberty last night. The Sun (15-15) are tied with Charlotte and Indiana.
Nykesha Sales added 19 points and six rebounds for Connecticut, which shot 53 percent.
Crystal Robinson added 16 points and surpassed 2,000 career points as the Liberty fell to 14-15 and out of a tie for the conference lead. Lynx 64, Storm 61 -- Teresa Edwards scored 18 points and host Minnesota snapped a two-game losing streak with a victory over Seattle. Silver Stars 82, Fever 65 -- LaToya Thomas scored all 21 of her points in the second half, helping San Antonio beat Indiana in Indianapolis.


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We help you stand out from your competitors by connecting with your customers not only rationally – but emotionally. We work with you to define the experience you offer your customers when they come into contact with your brand. In a multi-channel world, with so many ways customers can engage with your company, we are unusually placed to be able to support your brand at every touch-point – whether physical, digital or the most seamless integration of the two.Company profile >
Customer experience is a journey, with every step being of equal importance. It's all too easy to focus on creating one or two magical moments for your customers while overlooking the totality of your offer. In reality, the experience you offer your customers is only as strong as its weakest component… At I-AM, we take a 360° approach to designing the best possible customer journey. To achieve this, we are a team of researchers and brand strategists, interior designers, architects, retail and UX consultants, graphic designers, web and app developers, product designers and marketing strategists. We have studios in London, Istanbul and Mumbai. We work globally.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 21, 2011
|Filing date
|Sep 22, 2009
|Priority date
|Nov 12, 2002
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|I-Hwa Lee, James Michael McKenna, Raghuram Narumanchi
|Original Assignee
|E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (44), Referenced by (1), Classifications (40), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/704,934, filed Nov. 11, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,615,270, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/425,604, filed Nov. 12, 2002, now expired, the entire contents being incorporated herein by reference.
This invention relates to a laminate film useful in packaging and/or for encasing foodstuffs. In particular, this invention is a film that is useful for making casings and shrinkbags that can be used to incorporate additives into foodstuffs.
Generally, foodstuff casings are made either of natural material such as cellulose or animal guts, or of synthetic material. Usually, the foodstuff is packed into the casing. When smoked products are desired, the encased foodstuff can be further subjected to a smoking process. In a conventional smoking process, the product is suspended in a chamber wherein it is exposed to hot smoke from burning wood. This process has the disadvantage that only natural casings can be used in this process, that is, those obtained from guts, for example, or cellulose or collagen casings which all show a natural permeability to smoke.
A critical point in the preparation and storage of smoked products is that the casings must show different permeabilities depending on the step of the process. A high permeability is needed at high temperatures (typically between 50 and 100� C.) and high humidity, during the smoking process. Typically, the highly permeable cellulose casings and fibrous casings (which are cellulose casings reinforced with wood fibers) have moisture vapor transmission rates in excess of 1000 g�25 micron/m2�24 hrs. Once the product is smoked and cooled, it is preferable that the casing acts as a barrier against humidity so the permeability should preferably be low, that is at rates below 1000 g�25 micron/m2�24 hrs, at temperatures less than 50� C., particularly less than 30� C. Depending on the specific application, the desired permeability at temperatures less than 30� C. could be substantially below 1000 g�25 micron/m2�24 hrs.
Casings made from natural products and/or cellulose can present many disadvantages: they can be expensive; their great permeability to steam can cause significant weight loss from a foodstuff; the product can be unstable due to drying and/or superficial fat oxidation. Also, graying caused by microbial spoiling of the natural casing often appears on casings. The manufacturing process for fibrous and cellulose casings involves emissions of carbon disulfide and hydrogen sulfide to the atmosphere, which can be an environmental concern, or require expensive gas scrubbing systems to minimize emissions.
There have been different approaches which attempt to overcome these problems. Single and multilayer plastic casings for packaging sausages are known in the art, for example. Recently, developments have been described in PCT Patent Application Publication WO 02/054878 to make polyamide-based casings more smokeable by blending in absorptive polymers.
Traditional smoking processes also can be inefficient in the absorption of the smoke flavorants and coloring relative to the amount of smoke produced in the smoking chamber. To try to overcome the disadvantages of the traditional smoking processes, smoke can be passed through water to prepare a concentrated solution of flavorants and colorants absorbed from the smoke, and such a solution can be used as a food processing material. This "liquid smoke" can be applied to the foodstuff during the curing process to flavor and color the foodstuff. Typically liquid smoke is applied to the surface of the food product by showering, atomizing or spraying. However, unless the liquid smoke is maintained in good contact with the surface of the foodstuff during the cooking process, use of liquid smoke is still relatively inefficient—more liquid smoke is lost than is applied. In addition, liquid smokes tend to be corrosive, and if not applied properly, cause inconsistent color and flavor.
A commercial practice for using liquid smoke involves laminating a special paper product onto a cast multilayer film of polyethylene and polyamide, and then converting the film into a tubular casing with a special sealing strip at the seam. Liquid smoke is then applied to the paper layer for transfer to the foodstuff during the cooking process.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,382,391 describes a thermoplastic film containing a modifier, such as liquid smoke, which can be transferred to the outer surface of meat during cooking. The inner layer of the thermoplastic film is a nonabsorbent polyolefin polymer such as an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer or polyethylene in which is blended with 15 to 40 wt % polyethylene oxide.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,382,391 describes an edible collagen food wrapping containing liquid smoke encapsulated within an ingestible lipid or other oil-soluble fatty acids or waxes, where the liquid smoke is released during curing or cooking, and prior to consumption of the collagen-enclosed food product.
However, none of the conventional processes are trouble-free. It can be desirable to have a synthetic casing that can be used effectively and efficiently for storage and for a smoking process utilizing liquid smoke.
In one aspect, the present invention is a laminate film comprising (i) a liquid absorptive inner layer useful for imparting flavor and color evenly to meat during cooking, and (ii) an outer impermeable barrier layer wherein:
(A) the inner layer comprises a polymer selected from: block copolyether ester polymers or block copolyether amide polymers; and
(B) the outer impermeable film layer is a single film layer, or a laminate or multilayer film comprising: (a) at least one polymer layer comprising a polymer selected from polymers in the group consisting of: polyamides or mixtures thereof, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers; polyvinylidene chloride; polyolefins; or mixtures of any of these; and (b) optionally at least one tie layer.
In another aspect, the present invention is a tubular casing or bag comprising a laminate film comprising (i) a liquid absorptive inner layer useful for imparting flavor and color evenly to meat during cooking, and (ii) an outer impermeable barrier layer wherein:
(A) the inner layer comprises a polymer selected from: block copolyether ester polymers or block copolyether amide polymers; and
(B) the outer impermeable film layer is a single film layer, or a laminate or multilayer film comprising: (a) at least one polymer layer comprising a polymer selected from polymers in the group consisting of: polyamides or mixtures thereof, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers; polyvinylidene chloride; polyolefins; or mixtures of any of these; and (b) optionally at least one tie layer.
In another aspect, the present invention is a process for making a laminate film of the present invention comprising the step: coextruding the impermeable layer and the absorptive layer into a tubular laminate film in one step.
In still another aspect, the present invention is a process for manufacturing a film of the present invention by (1) a blowing process or (2) a cast coextrusion process or (3) a coextrusion coating process.
In another aspect, the present invention is a foodstuff prepared using a film of the present invention.
In still another aspect, the present invention is a process for manufacturing an oriented film of the present invention.
In yet another aspect, the present invention is a package for foodstuffs wherein the package absorbs moisture from the foodstuff, while retaining moisture within the packaging.
All references disclosed here in the Detailed Description of the Invention are incorporated by reference, unless stated otherwise.
"Copolymer" means polymers containing two or more different monomers. The terms "dipolymer" and "terpolymer" mean polymers containing only two and three different monomers respectively. The phrase "copolymer of various monomers" means a copolymer whose units are derived from the various monomers.
In one embodiment, the present invention is a laminate film comprising an absorptive inner layer and an outer barrier layer. As the term is used herein, an inner layer can be any layer other than the outer barrier layer. For example, an inner layer can be innermost layer, that is, the layer that can come into direct contact with foodstuff placed inside a casing, or an absorptive inner layer can be any layer positioned between the innermost layer and the outer barrier layer. The outer barrier layer is the film layer furthest removed from the foodstuff.
Polymers suitable for use in an absorptive layer of the present invention are characterized by the fact that they are hydrophilic and hygroscopic. The absorptive inner layer comprises a polymer selected from polymers in the group consisting of: block copolyether ester polymers; and block copolyether amide polymers.
A copolyether ester (PEPE) suitable for use herein is a thermoplastic polymer. PEPE's suitable for use in the practice of the present invention have a viscosity that is in the range of from about 20 pascal seconds (Pa�s) to about 3000 Pa�s as determined according to standard method ISO11443. Preferably, the viscosity is in the range from about 20 to about 2000 Pa�s, more preferably from about 40 to about 1000 Pa�s, and most preferably from about 50 to about 700 Pa�s, measured according to the standard ISO11443.
Preferably, the melting point of the copolyether ester is greater than 120� C., more preferably in the range of from about 120� C. to above about 220� C. Melting points are determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in accordance with the standard ISO 3146.
Copolyether esters suitable for use herein are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,725,481, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Preferably, the copolyether esters have a multiplicity of repeating long-chain ester units and short-chain ester units that are randomly joined through head-to-tail ester linkages. The repeating long-chain ester units can be represented by the formula (I):
and said repeating short-chain ester units can be represented by the formula wherein:
denotes the remaining unspecified portion of the copolyether ester polymer;
Poly(alkylene oxide)glycols used to prepare copolyetheresters of the present invention preferably comprise poly(propylene ether) glycols and/or poly(ethylene ether) glycols. Most preferably, ethylene oxide groups are incorporated into the copolyether esters of the present invention. Long chain glycols (that is, glycols having a molecular weight of greater than 400) useful for preparing the copolyether esters of present invention preferably comprise sufficient ethylene oxide so that the copolyether ester incorporates from about 5 wt % to about 68 wt % ethylene oxide units, preferably from about 15 wt % to about 68 wt %, more preferably from about 20 wt % to about 55 wt % ethylene oxide units, based on the total weight of the copolyether ester. Reference to ethylene oxide groups incorporated in the copolyether ester(s) describes the weight percent in the total copolyether ester(s) of (—CH2—CH2—O—) groups in the long-chain ester units. The ethylene oxide groups in the copolyether ester that are counted to determine the amount of ethylene oxide groups in the polymer are those derived from the poly(alkylene oxide)glycol and not ethylene oxide groups introduced into the copolyether ester by means of a low molecular weight diol.
Suitable long-chain glycols include poly(ethylene oxide) glycol, ethylene-oxide capped poly(propylene oxide) glycol, mixtures of poly(ethylene oxide)glycol with other glycols such as ethylene oxide capped poly(propylene oxide)glycols and/or poly(tetramethylene oxide)glycol provided the resulting copolyether ester has an amount of ethylene oxide groups of at least about 5 weight percent. PEPEs prepared from poly(ethylene oxide)glycols having a molecular weight of from about 600 to 2500 are preferred. Particularly preferred are PEPEs prepared from an ethylene oxide capped poly(propylene oxide) having a molecular weight of about 2150.
Suitable low molecular weight diols useful for the purposes of the present invention include acyclic, alicyclic and aromatic diols. Preferred are diols having 2-15 carbon atoms such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, isobutylene glycol, butylene glycol, 1,4-pentamethylene glycol, 2,2-dimethyl-trimethylene glycol, and decamethylene glycols, dihydroxycyclohexane, cyclohexane dimethanol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, and similar diols. Especially preferred are aliphatic diols containing 2-8 carbon atoms, most especially 1,4-butanediol. Bisphenols that are useful include bis(p-hydroxy)diphenyl, bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)methane, and bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)propane. Equivalent ester-forming derivatives of diols can also be useful. For example, ethylene oxide or ethylene carbonate can be used in place of ethylene glycol in the practice of the present invention. The low molecular weight diols useful in the practice of the present invention to include equivalent ester-forming derivatives provided, however, that the molecular weight requirement pertains to the diol and not to its derivatives.
Dicarboxylic acids useful for making the copolyether esters of the present invention are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acids, and functional equivalents thereof. These equivalents include esters and ester-forming derivatives, such as acid halides and anhydrides. The molecular weight requirement pertains to the acid form and not to its equivalent ester or ester-forming derivative.
The term "aliphatic dicarboxylic acids", as used herein, means carboxylic acids having two carboxyl groups each attached to a saturated carbon atom. If the carbon atom to which the carboxyl group is attached is saturated and is in a ring, the acid is cycloaliphatic. Aliphatic or cycloaliphatic acids having conjugated unsaturation often cannot be used because of homopolymerization. However, some unsaturated acids, such as maleic acid, can be used.
Aromatic dicarboxylic acids, as the term is used herein, are dicarboxylic acids having two carboxyl groups attached to a carbon atom in a carbocyclic aromatic ring structure. It is not necessary that both functional carboxyl groups be attached to the same aromatic ring and where more than one ring is present, they can be joined by aliphatic or aromatic divalent radicals or divalent radicals such as —O— or —SO2—.
Representative aliphatic and cycloaliphatic acids which can be used include sebacic acid, 1,3-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, adipic acid, glutaric acid, 4-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, 2-ethylsuberic acid, cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, decahydro-1,5-naphthylene dicarboxylic acid, 4,4,′-bicyclohexyl dicarboxylic acid, decahydro-2,6-naphthylene dicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-methylenebis(cyclohexyl)carboxylic acid and 3,4-furan dicarboxylic acid. Preferred acids are cyclohexane dicarboxylic acids and adipic acid.
Representative aromatic dicarboxylic acids include phthalic, terephthalic and isophthalic acids, bibenzoic acid, substituted dicarboxy compounds with two benzene nuclei such as bis(p-carboxyphenyl)methane, p-oxy-1,5-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 2,7-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 4,4,′-sulfonyl dibenzoic acid and C1-C12 alkyl and ring substitution derivatives thereof, such as halo, alkoxy, and aryl derivatives. Hydroxyl acids such as p-(beta-hydroxyethoxy)benzoic acid can also be used providing an aromatic dicarboxylic acid is also present.
Aromatic dicarboxylic acids are a preferred class for preparing the copolyether ester polymers useful for this invention. Among the aromatic acids, those with 8-16 carbon atoms are preferred, particularly terephthalic acid alone or with a mixture of phthalic and/or isophthalic acids.
The copolyether esters contain about 25 wt % to about 80 wt % short-chain ester units corresponding to Formula (II) above, the remainder being long-chain ester units corresponding to Formula (I) above. When the copolyether esters contain less than about 25 wt % short-chain ester units, then the crystallization rate becomes very slow and the copolyether ester is tacky and difficult to handle. When more than about 80 wt % short-chain ester units are present, then the copolyether esters generally become too stiff. The copolyether esters preferably contain about 30 wt % to about 60 wt %, more preferably about 40 wt % to about 60 wt % short-chain ester units, the remainder being long-chain ester units. In general, as the percentage of short-chain ester units in the copolyether ester are increased, the polymer has a higher tensile strength and modulus, and the moisture vapor transmission rate decreases. Most preferably, at least about 70% of the groups represented by R in Formulae (I) and (II) above are 1,4-phenylene radicals and at least about 70% of the groups represented by D in Formula (II) above are 1,4-butylene radicals and the sum of the percentages of R groups which are not 1,4-phenylene radicals and D groups which are not 1,4-butylene radicals does not exceed 30%. If a second dicarboxylic acid is used to make the copolyether ester, isophthalic acid is the acid of choice and if a second low molecular weight diol is used, 1,4-butenediol or hexamethylene glycol are the diols of choice.
It is understood that blends of different copolyether ester polymers are included in this invention.
Other minor components may be added as an option to optimize the reaction process or the performance of the copolyether esters obtained.
Block copolyether esters and their preparation are described in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Volume 12, pages 76-177 (1985) and the references reported therein.
Suitable block copolyether esters for use in the present invention are products commercially available from a number of companies under various tradenames, for example Hytrel� available from E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Riteflex� available from Ticona, and Arnitel� available from DSM.
The absorptive layer in the film of the invention may also comprise block copolyetheramides. Such block copolyetheramides typically consist of crystalline polyamide and noncrystalline polyether blocks. Typical polyamides may be nylon 6 or nylon 12, but the invention is not limited to copolyetheramides made with these polyamides. A commercially available series of polyetheramides are available under the tradename "Pebax�" from Atofina.
The Impermeable Outer Layer(s)
A second essential component of the film of the present invention is an impermeable outer layer. An impermeable layer of the present invention can be a single film layer, a laminate or multilayer film which comprises at least one layer of film comprising a polymer selected from polymers in the group consisting of: polyamides; ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers; polyvinylidene chloride; and polyolefins. The impermeable outer layer can optionally comprise an adhesive layer which is useful as a tie layer between two non-compatible layers in a laminate outer layer. The adhesive layer (tie layer) can comprise anhydride-modified ethylene homopolymers and/or anhydride-modified ethylene copolymers.
The impermeable barrier structure can comprise several layers of polymers to provide effective barriers to moisture and oxygen and bulk mechanical properties suitable for processing and/or packaging the foodstuff, such as clarity, toughness and puncture-resistance. For smoking and/or cooking processes, shrink properties can be important. Examples of multilayer barrier structures suitable for use in this invention include, from outermost layer to innermost layer: polyethylene/tie layer/polyamide; polyethylene/tie layer/polyamide/tie layer/polyethylene; polypropylene/tie layer/polyamide/EVOH/polyamide; polyamide/tie layer/polyethylene; polyamide/tie layer/polyethylene/tie layer/polyamide; polyamide/tielayer/polyamide/EVOH/polyamide. Depending on the nature of the innermost layer of the impermeable structure, an additional inner tie layer can be interposed between the impermeable structure and the absorptive layer to provide a desirable level of adhesion to the absorptive layer.
Polyamides suitable for use herein include aliphatic polyamides, amorphous polyamides, or mixtures thereof. "Aliphatic polyamides" as the term is used herein can refer to aliphatic polyamides, aliphatic copolyamides, and blends or mixtures of these. Preferred aliphatic polyamides for use in the invention are polyamide 6, polyamide 6.66, blends and mixtures thereof. Polyamides 6.66 are commercially available under the tradenames "Ultramid C4" and "Ultramid C35" from BASF, or under the tradename "Ube5033FXD27" from Ube Industries Ltd. Polyamide 6 is commercially available under the tradename Nylon 4.12 from E.I. du Pont de Nemours, for example.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the aliphatic polyamide has a viscosity ranging from about 140 to about 270 cubic centimeters per gram (cm3/g) measured according to ISO307 at 0.5% in 96% H2SO4.
The film may further comprise other polyamides such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,408,000; 4,174,358; 3,393,210; 2,512,606; 2,312,966 and 2,241,322, which are incorporated herein by reference. The film may also comprise partially aromatic polyamides. A suitable partially aromatic polyamide is the amorphous copolyamide 6-I/6-T of the following formula:
Some suitable partially aromatic copolyamides for use in the present invention are the amorphous nylon resins 6-I/6-T commercially available under the tradename Selar� PA from E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company or commercially available under the tradename Grivory� G 21 from EMS-Chemie AG, for example.
Polyolefins suitable for use in the present invention are selected from polypropylenes, polyethylene polymers and copolymers. Polyethylenes useful for use herein can be prepared by a variety of methods, including well-known Ziegler-Natta catalyst polymerization (see for example U.S. Pat. No. 4,076,698 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,645,992), metallocene catalyst polymerization (see for example U.S. Pat. No. 5,198,401 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,405,922) and by free radical polymerization. Polyethylene polymers useful herein can include linear polyethylenes such as high density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), very low or ultralow density polyethylenes (VLDPE or ULDPE) and branched polyethylenes such as low density polyethylene (LDPE). The densities polyethylenes suitable for use in the present invention range from 0.865 g/cc to 0.970 g/cc. Linear polyethylenes for use herein can incorporate alpha-olefin comonomers such as butene, hexene or octene to decrease their density within the density range so described. The impermeable layer of the present invention can comprise ethylene copolymers such as ethylene vinyl esters, ethylene alkyl acrylates, ethylene acid dipolymers, ethylene acid terpolymers and their ionomers. Examples of such ethylene copolymers are ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene methyl acrylate and ethylene (meth)acrylic acid polymers and their ionomers. Polypropylene polymers useful in the practice of the present invention include propylene homopolymers, impact modified polypropylene and copolymers of propylene and alpha-olefins and their blends.
Polyethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymers ("EVOH") having from about 20 to about 50 mole % ethylene can be suitable for use herein. Suitable polyethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers are commercially available under the tradename Evalca� from Kuraray or commercially available under the tradename Noltex� from Nippon Goshei, for example.
Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) suitable for use herein can be obtained commercially from Dow Chemical under the tradename Saran�, for example.
Anhydride or acid-modified ethylene and propylene homo- and co-polymers are used as extrudable adhesive layers (also known as "tie" layers) to improve bonding of layers of polymers together when the polymers do not adhere well to each other, thus improving the layer-to-layer adhesion in a multilayer structure. The compositions of the tie layers can be determined according to the compositions of the adjoining layers that need to be bonded in a multilayer structure. One skilled in the polymer art can select the appropriate tie layer based on the other materials used in the structure. Various tie layer compositions are commercially available under the tradename Bynel� from E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, for example.
Impermeable films of the present invention can additionally comprise optional materials, such as the conventional additives used in polymer films including: plasticizers, stabilizers, antioxidants, ultraviolet ray absorbers, hydrolytic stabilizers, anti-static agents, dyes or pigments, fillers, fire-retardants, lubricants, reinforcing agents such as glass fiber and flakes, processing aids, antiblock agents, release agents, and/or mixtures thereof.
Polymers described herein can be converted into a laminate film of the present invention by various techniques. For example, a laminate film can be obtained by coextrusion as follows: granulates of the various components can be melted in extruders; the molten polymers passed through a die or set of dies to form layers of molten polymers that are then processed as a laminar flow. The molten polymers can be cooled to form a layered structure. A coextruded polymer of the present invention can be laminated onto one or more other layers.
Other suitable converting techniques are, for example, blown film extrusion, cast film extrusion, cast sheet extrusion and extrusion coating. Preferably, the impermeable barrier film of the present invention is a blown film obtained by a blown film extrusion process.
A laminate film of the present invention can be further oriented beyond the immediate quenching or casting of the film. The process comprises the steps of coextruding a multilayer laminar flow of molten polymers, quenching the coextrudate and orienting the well quenched coextrudate in at least one direction. "Well-quenched" as the term is used herein describes an extrudate that has been substantially cooled below its melting point in order to obtain a solid film material.
The film may be uniaxially oriented, but is preferably biaxially oriented by drawing in two mutually perpendicular directions in the plane of the film to achieve a satisfactory combination of mechanical and physical properties.
Orientation and stretching apparatus to uniaxially or biaxially stretch film are known in the art and may be adapted by those skilled in the art to produce films of the present invention. Examples of such apparatus and processes include, for example, those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,278,663; 3,337,665; 3,456,044; 4,590,106; 4,760,116; 4,769,421; 4,797,235 and 4,886,634.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the laminate film of the present invention is oriented using a double bubble extrusion process, where simultaneous biaxial orientation may be effected by extruding a primary tube which is subsequently quenched, reheated and then expanded by internal gas pressure to induce transverse orientation, and drawn by differential speed nip or conveying rollers at a rate which will induce longitudinal orientation.
The processing to obtain an oriented blown film is known in the art as a double bubble technique, and can be carried out as described by Pahlke in U.S. Pat. No. 3,456,044. More particularly, a primary tube is melt extruded from an annular die. This extruded primary tube is cooled quickly to minimize crystallization. It is then heated to its orientation temperature (for example, by means of a water bath). In the orientation zone of the film fabrication unit a secondary tube is formed by inflation, thereby the film is radially expanded in the transverse direction and pulled or stretched in the machine direction at a temperature such that expansion occurs in both directions, preferably simultaneously; the expansion of the tubing being accompanied by a sharp, sudden reduction of thickness at the draw point. The tubular film is then again flattened through nip rolls. The film can be reinflated and passed through an annealing step (thermofixation), during which step it is heated once more to adjust the shrink properties. For preparation of food casings (for example, sausage casings, shrink bags) it may be desirable to maintain the film in a tubular form. For preparing flat films the tubular film can be slit along its length and opened up into flat sheets that can be rolled and/or further processed.
In another embodiment, the present invention is a process of manufacturing an oriented flat film comprising the steps of: 1) coextruding or coextrusion laminating an multilayer extrudate comprising an absorptive inner layer of the present invention and an impermeable outer layer of the present invention; and 2) processing the composition of step 1) through a flat die to form a well-quenched primary sheet and then orienting the sheet by means of a tenterframe stretcher, through traverse of a widening frame for transverse direction orientation and operation of differential speed nip or conveying rollers for machine direction orientation; both steps may occur either simultaneously or sequentially.
In still another aspect of the present invention is a process for manufacturing a tubular film comprising the steps of: (1) coextruding a multilayer extrudate comprising an absorptive inner layer of the present invention; (2) processing the extrudate of step (1) through an annular die to form a bubble film that is quenched by air or other means of internal bubble cooling and subsequently collapsed to make the tubular film.
In yet another aspect, the present invention is a process of manufacturing a cast flat film comprising the steps of: 1) coextruding or coextrusion laminating an multilayer extrudate comprising an absorptive inner layer of the present invention and an impermeable outer layer of the present invention; and 2) processing the composition of step 1) through a flat die onto a chilled metal roll to form a flexible laminate film.
The oriented flat film, the cast flat film or the tubular film slit to open it into a flat film may be further laminated to another film substrate by laminating methods known in the art, such as aqueous lamination, solvent lamination, solventless lamination, and the like.
In one embodiment, the absorptive inner layer with an optional tie layer, can be extrusion-coated onto a preformed barrier structure to form a film of this invention.
Preferably, the film of the invention can be processed on a film fabrication machine at a speed of from about 50 meters per minute (m/min) to a speed of about 200 m/min.
Films of the present invention can be useful for encasing and processing foodstuffs. Typically, the films are made into tubular casings, either by using blown film techniques to prepare a tubular form directly or by forming a flat sheet of the film into a tubular structure and fastening the edges of the sheet in a seam running the length of the tube. To facilitate the introduction of the foodstuff into the interior of the tubular casing, the casing optionally may be shirred prior to the introduction of the foodstuff. The term "shirred" means that the tubular casing is gathered into a multiplicity of rows parallel to the circumference of the tubing. The foodstuff is introduced into the interior of the optionally shirred tubular casing via the open end and the tube is stretched out to encase the foodstuff. One skilled in the art of packaging foodstuffs can readily introduce the foodstuff into the casing using well-established procedures.
The tubular casing can be further treated by the adsorption of at least one liquid food-processing flavorant and/or colorant into the absorbant layer of the casing. The flavorant and/or colorant is subsequently transferred to the foodstuff during such food processing as heating, curing, smoking, or cooking, for example.
In a preferred embodiment, a tubular casing of this invention comprises "liquid smoke" as a food-processing material which acts as both a flavorant and a colorant. Liquid smoke is well known to one skilled in the art of food processing and numerous variants are known and commercially available. Preferably a tubular casing comprising liquid smoke can be useful for processing sausage.
Foodstuffs that can be processed using film of this invention include beef, pork, poultry (for example, chicken and turkey), seafood (for example, fish and mollusks) and cheese. Meat products include, but are not limited to sausages, lunch meats, hams, turkey, hot dogs, kielbasa. Meat products can be whole-muscle, formulated into various meat slurries, formed into shapes, or ground. In the case of formed or ground meat, the meat can optionally be a mixture of material derived from more than one species. The foodstuff can be processed prior to its introduction into a casing of the present invention and then further processed in the casing.
In another embodiment, films of the present invention can also be made into bags, such as vacuum bags, shrinkbags, and pouches. Such bags can be formed form tubular film by sealing and then cutting the film transversely. Alternatively, the tubular film may be slit into flat film, and then sealed transversely at the top and bottom to produce bags. Alternatively, flat film whether produced by tubular or cast processes may be made into bags by folding the film and then sealing and cutting along two exposed lengths. Other methods of making bags and pouches are known and can be also used for the films of this invention.
In another embodiment, films of the present invention can be used for packaging foodstuffs where it is desirable to have absorption of moisture from the foodstuff, while retaining moisture within the packaging. Films of this invention can be used, for example, to package uncooked meat or cooked meats (e.g. beef, pork, poultry or seafood) wherein moisture from the foodstuff or excess marinades on the foodstuff can pass out of the foodstuff and pool below. Such films may be on the form of pouches, bags, casings or thermoformed films. It is also within the invention that the films of the invention may be laminated onto other substrates before being thermoformed.
The following table describes examples and comparative examples of the compositions of the absorptive layer. Examples are merely illustrative, and are not to be construed as limiting to the scope of the invention described and/or claimed herein.
Melt Point
Polymer Type
Copolyether ester
45 w % 1,4-butylene terephthalate, 55 w % ethylene
oxide/propylene oxide copolyether terephthalate.
Calculated ethylene oxide content of 33%.
Copolyether ester
42 w % 1,4-butylene terephthalate, 12 w % 1,4-
butylene isophthalate, 36 w % ethylene
oxide/propylene oxide copolyether terephthalate, 10 w
% ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolyether
isophterephthalate. Calculated ethylene oxide
content of 13%.
Copolyether ester
32 w % 1,4-butylene terephthalate, 9 w % 1,4-
butylene isophthalate, 46 w % ethylene
oxide/propylene oxide copolyether terephthalate, 13 w
% ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolyether
isophterephthalate. Calculated ethylene oxide
content of 17%.
Copolyester amide
Pebax � MV 1074
Copolyester amide
Pebax � MH 1657
Comp Ex 1
Nylon 6
Capron � B135ZP
Comp Ex 2
Nylon 6.66
Ultramid � C135
Comp Ex 3
Selar � PT 8307
Comp Ex 4
Copolyether ester
70 w % 1,4-butylene terephthalate, 30 w %
poly(tetramethylene oxide) terephthalate.
Calculated ethylene oxide content of 0%.
Comp Ex 5
Copolyether ester
60 w % 1,4-butylene terephthalate, 40 w %
poly(tetramethylene oxide) terephthalate.
Calculated ethylene oxide content of 0%.
The polymers of Table 1 were coextruded with other non-adhering polymers on a three-layer blown film line in order to generate three-layer films in which the absorptive layer of the film could be easily removed. In all cases, either HDPE (high density polyethylene) or nylon 6 were the other layers coextruded against the polymers of Table 1. In a number of cases, an antiblock concentrate sold by DuPont as Conpol� AC B was also added as described in the cases below. Blow up ratio was 2:1, and the stripped film layers had various thicknesses ranging from 25 to 64 microns.
In order to determine moisture pickup after 24 hours, the coextruded films were cut into 15.24 cm by 15.24 cm (6�6 inches) squares and then stripped. The absorptive film layer was then conditioned at 23� C. and 20% relative humidity for at least 24 hours before being weighed and then placed in a container of water. After 24 hours, the films were taken out, patted dry with paper towels so that no free moisture was visible on the film surfaces, and then immediately weighed. For each example in Table 2, the average taken of three samples is reported as the weight percent moisture absorption. The films conditioned at 23� C. and 20% relative humidity for at least 24 hours were also measured for moisture vapour transmission rate (MVTR) at 38� C. and 100% relative humidity. For samples with high water permeability, the transmission tests were conducted on a Mocon Permatran-W� 101K, following ASTM D6701-01. For the other samples, the transmission tests were conducted on a Mocon Permatran-W� 700, following ASTM F1249-01.
Film Gauge
Polymer Type
24 Hour Water Gain w %
g-25 micron/m2-day
Copolyether ester 1
Copolyether ester 1
Copolyether ester 1
Copolyether ester 2
Copolyether ester 3
Copolyester amide 1
Copolyester amide 2
Comp 1
Nylon 6
Comp 2
Nylon 6.66
Comp 3
Comp 4
Copolyether ester 4
Comp 5
Copolyether ester 5
Examples 1, 2 and 3 and Comparative Examples 4 and 5 also contained 2 weight % antiblock, Conpol � AC B.
The examples in Table 2 have both high moisture absorption as well as high moisture transmission, whereas the comparative examples either show either poor moisture absorption and poor transmission or good moisture absorption but poor transmission.
Moisture pickup as a function of time up to 24 hours was also recorded. The films were subjected to the same treatment as described for Table 2. After each time of exposure in water, the films were taken out, patted dry with paper towels so that no free moisture was visible on the film surfaces, and then immediately weighed. These films were then discarded, and a different set of films used to measure the water pick up for a different exposure time. For each example and time in Table 3, the average measured for three samples is reported as the weight percent moisture absorption.
Water Absorption (wt % gain) at 23� C. over Time
0 hr
0.5 hr
1 hr
3 hr
5 hr
7 hr
24 hr
18.2 � 6.0
23.6 � 5.0
22.7 � 0.5
21.1 � 0.8
24.2 � 0.4
24.0 � 1.4
16.0 � 15
23.2 � 16
21.8 � 0.8
19.9 � 1.4
23.0 � 1.2
23.8 � 0.5
2.4 � 0.2
2.6 � 0.3
2.1 � 0.3
2.4 � 0.1
2.7 � 0.2
2.07 � 0.2
7.4 � 4
3.8 � 4.3
6.9 � 1.0
4.2 � 0.4
5.41 � 1.6
5.9 � 0.4
Comp 5a
0.6 � 0.8
1.4 � 1.6
0.4 � 0.2
2.7 � 3.4
0.2 � 0.1
0.1 � 0.1
Comp 2
10.1 � 0.1
8.6 � 1.8
7.9 � 0.7
8.6 � 0.8
7.0 � 0.8
8.2 � 1.0
aExamples 1, 2, 3 and Comparative Example 5 also contained 2 weight % antiblock, Conpol � AC.
bExample 1 also contained 15 weight % antiblock, Conpol AC B.
This table show that water pick up occurs quickly for both examples and comparative examples. Within 0.5 hours, the examples are close to or about the equilibrium level of water pickup at 23� C.
Moisture release from the films as a function of time and temperature was also recorded. In these experiments, the films were conditioned to 23� C. at 20% relative humidity for at least 24 hours, weighed to record its 'dry' weight, then placed in water at 23� C. for at least 24 hours (in some cases for 2 to 3 days) taken out, patted dry with paper towels so that no free moisture was visible on the film surfaces, and immediately weighed for its water-absorbed weight. Immediately after being weighed, the films were suspended in a radiant heat oven set at 90� C. No more than three films were placed in the oven at any one time, so that the individual films did not touch each other or the sides of the oven wall. The films were then taken out at 5, 10 and 60 minutes to be weighed. The averages of five to eight film samples are reported in Table 4 below.
W % water pickup
after soaking at 23� C.
for 24 hours
% Weight Lossa with Time at 90� C.
or greater
5 mins
10 mins
60 mins
EX 1b
29.4 � 3.7
−1.0 � 1.2
−0.8 � 1.1
−0.8 � 1.2
EX 3b
5.4 � 0.6
−0.8 � 0.2
−0.9 � 0.2
−0.8 � 0.2
45 � 1
−0.6 � 0.4
−0.8 � 0.3
−0.9 � 0.3
Ex 5
129 � 9
8.9 � 5.6
−8.1 � 0.6
−8.3 � 0.3
Comp 5b
0.8 � 1.0
−0.2 � 0.2
−0.05 � 0.2
−0.1 � 0.2
a% weight loss from 'dry' weight of film, as decribed in the text.
bExamples contained 2 w % antiblock, Conpol � AC B.
The results in Table 4 show that the water-absorbed films very quickly release their water content at 90� C. within 5 minutes. Note that in many cases the weight of the films falls below the original 'dry' weight of the films. This is attributed to the fact that the original 'dry' weight was taken at 20% relative humidity, whereas the films were likely at a lower relative humidity with the heat treatment.
The next set of tests were conducted to determine the amount of liquid smoke taken up by the examples and comparative examples. The film samples were similar to those described in the earlier sets. The 6 by 6 inch stripped films were then placed in a 1 liter Nalgene™ high density polyethylene bottle filled with a liquid smoke, Charsol Supreme™ from Red Arrow Products or worcestershire sauce from Lea & Perrins and screw capped. Some films had been soaked between one to five days; however, it appeared that color changes owing to the absorption of the liquid medium was essentially complete by about 24 hours. The films in Table 5 were soaked for 48 hours, then were taken out on from the bottle, dried well with paper towels, and then placed against a white sheet of paper. Table 5 provides a description of the results.
Film gauge
Description of
post-absorbed film colour
Ex 1
Liquid smoke
Very dark brown
Ex 1
Liquid smoke
Dark brown
Ex 1
Ex 4
Liquid smoke
Very dark borwn
Comp 2
Liquid smoke
Light brown with amber yellow
to clear patches
Comp 3
Liquid smoke
Transparent, no colour
Comp 4
Liquid smoke
Light tan
A clear, transparent multilayer tubular film was produced on a five layer double bubble line with the structure, from the outside of the tube to the inside, of Nylon 6 (28μ)/Bynel� 21 E787(3μ)/PE (5μ)/Bynel� 21 E787 (5μ)/Example 1 (14μ) with a total gauge of 55 microns (μ). A section of this film was also placed in a container of liquid smoke for 48 hours, removed and dried with paper towels. Upon removal, the multilayer film was brown.
Multilayer films containing the different examples were tested for liquid smoke transfer to meat at typical cooking and smoking conditions. In the first test, sheets of the examples and Comparative Example 6 casing materials, approximately 210 mm by 300 mm, were prepared. Comparative Example 6 is a commercially available smoking casing material comprising a multilayer polyethylene (15μ)/tie layer/polyamide(30μ)/tie layer/polyethylene(15μ) coextrudate laminated onto viscose-coated paper. The examples of the present invention were (co)extruded with different materials as described in Table 6, and were nominally between 25 to 50 microns.
To assess the liquid smoke absorption and transfer to foodstuff (e.g. meat), the casing materials were treated as follows:
liquid smoke was applied to the surface of the test film via an eyedropper and spread over the surface. After approximately 2 minutes, excess liquid smoke on the surface of the material was wiped off. For Comparative Example 6, smoke impregnation was conducted for approximately two days according to established procedures for this material.
The smoke-impregnated materials were laid over in a baking dish with the smoke-impregnated layer in contact with a ham product. The test units were treated in a typical "smoking" cycle at 180� F. for about two to three hours.
The smoke color of the ham product, as an indicator of smoke transfer from the casing material to the foodstuff, was rated on a scale from 1 to 5, with 1 indicating minimal smoke color and 5 indicating the most smoke color. The results are indicated in Table 6.
Casing Material
Smoke Color Rating
Example 2 on Polyethylene
Example 2 on Paper
4; smoke liquid did not go into paper
Example 1 on Polyethylene
Comparative Example A
In the next test multilayer blown film tubing of approximately 16.5 cm layflat width (or 10.5 cm in diameter) containing the examples as the inner absorbent layer were pre-absorbed with liquid smoke and allowed to dry. The tubing had a three layer structure of nylon 6 (50 microns)/Bynel� 21 E787 (18 microns)/absorptive layer (see Table 7). The tubing was hand stuffed with a ham formulation against the absorptive layer and then cooked under typical cooking conditions suitable for the specific meat product. A typical cooking cycle that was used was: 60� C. (dry bulb)/49� C. (wet bulb) for 30 minutes, followed by 68� C. (dry bulb)/57� C. (wet bulb) for 30 minutes, followed by 77� C. (dry bulb)/77� C. (wet bulb) for 2.5 hours. Table 7 describes the color of the meat product on removal of the casing following cooking.
Absorptive layer
gauge microns
Smoke transfer to product
Ex 1
Excellent smoked colour
Ex 1
Excellent smoked colour
Ex 2
Good smoke colour
Ex 3
Good smoke colour
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 9, 1939
|May 6, 1941
|Du Pont
|Process for preparing polyamides from cyclic amides
|Apr 1, 1940
|Mar 2, 1943
|Du Pont
|Polymeric material
|Sep 12, 1945
|Jun 27, 1950
|Du Pont
|Polyamides and method for obtaining same
|Feb 4, 1963
|Oct 11, 1966
|Union Carbide Corp
|Method for producing biaxially oriented extruded polymeric film
|Apr 27, 1966
|Aug 22, 1967
|Union Carbide Corp
|Method for the production of thermoplastic film
|Feb 23, 1967
|Jul 16, 1968
|Du Pont
|Polycarbonamides of bis (para-aminocyclohexyl)methane and dodecanedioic acid
|Mar 12, 1965
|Jul 15, 1969
|Heinz Erich Pahlke
|Biaxial orientation
|Feb 15, 1968
|Feb 29, 1972
|Du Pont Canada
|Process for preparation of homogenous random partly crystalline copolymers of ethylene with other alpha-olefins
|Jan 4, 1957
|Feb 28, 1978
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Hydrocarbon interpolymer compositions
|Apr 11, 1977
|Nov 13, 1979
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Tough thermoplastic nylon compositions
|Mar 28, 1979
|May 27, 1980
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Copolyetherester based on ethylene oxide-capped poly(propylene oxide) glycol and branching agent
|Mar 7, 1985
|May 20, 1986
|American Can Company
|Heat resistant heat shrinkable films
|Sep 30, 1985
|Apr 21, 1987
|Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft
|Polyamide-based tubular packaging film
|Feb 24, 1987
|Feb 16, 1988
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Vapor-permeable, waterproof bicomponent structure
|Nov 26, 1986
|Jul 26, 1988
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Monolayer polyethylene shrink film
|May 12, 1987
|Sep 6, 1988
|Shell Oil Company
|Butene-rich butene-1-propylene copolymer shrink film
|Apr 16, 1987
|Jan 10, 1989
|W. R. Grace & Co.
|Process for enhanced orientation of polymeric films
|Aug 26, 1988
|Dec 12, 1989
|Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft
|Process and apparatus for the production of an extruded, stretched, seamless tube
|Jan 18, 1989
|Jul 31, 1990
|Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft
|Packaging film, in particular a sausage casing, based on polyamide
|Jun 6, 1990
|Jul 2, 1991
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Methanol copolymerization of ethylene
|Jul 30, 1991
|Mar 30, 1993
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|Ionic metallocene catalyst compositions
|Sep 23, 1993
|Jan 17, 1995
|Viskase Corporation
|Method for producing transferable modifier-containing film
|Mar 22, 1994
|Apr 11, 1995
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|Process for polymerizing monomers in fluidized beds
|Jul 19, 1993
|Apr 18, 1995
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Blow moldable thermoplastic polyamide composition
|Oct 8, 1999
|Mar 13, 2001
|Sun Products Marketing Und Manufacturing Ag
|Food casing
|Feb 8, 2001
|Dec 9, 2003
|Kalle Gmbh & Co. Kg
|Tubular food casing with a solid coating comprising liquid smoke
|Jul 30, 2001
|Jan 27, 2004
|M & Q Plastic Products, Inc.
|Thermoplastic elastomer films
|May 15, 2002
|Apr 4, 2006
|Wolf Walsrode Ag
|Process for the preparation of smoke-impregnated tubular casings
|Apr 10, 2002
|Mar 20, 2003
|Schenck Heiko E.
|Smokable films comprising a polyamide and a copolyester elastomer
|Oct 24, 1997
|Aug 14, 2003
|Ulrich Delius
|Polyamide-based sausage skin which can be filled manually
|Jul 7, 2004
|Aug 24, 2006
|Kalle Gmbh & Co. Kg
|Smoke and steam-permeable food casing comprising a flavored interior surface
|Nov 2, 1996
|May 7, 1998
|Kalle Nalo Gmbh
|Handf�llbare Wursth�lle auf Polyamidbasis
|Nov 25, 1983
|Jul 11, 1984
|Akzo N.V.
|Packaging film permeable to smoke constituents and packaged, smoked foodstuff
|Feb 23, 1985
|Sep 25, 1985
|Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft
|Tubular casing based on polyester foil
|Sep 27, 1985
|Apr 9, 1986
|Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft
|Tubular casings, especially sausage casings, based on polyamide
|Jan 11, 1989
|Jul 26, 1989
|Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft
|Packaging foils, especially sausage casings, based on polyamide
|Sep 30, 1999
|Apr 12, 2000
|Sun Products Marketing und Manufacturing AG
|Food casings
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Apr 1, 1997
|Oct 9, 1997
|Cryovac, Inc.
|Modifier transfer film and method of cooking a food product
|Jan 10, 2002
|Jul 18, 2002
|Eriksson Capital Ab
|Smokeable sausage casing based on polyamide
|Apr 11, 2002
|Oct 24, 2002
|E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Smokable films comprising a polyamide and a copolyester elastomer
|Apr 16, 2002
|Oct 31, 2002
|Kureha Chemical Industry Company, Limited
|Nylon 6-based multilayer casing film
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 8, 2008
|Jun 18, 2009
|E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Films comprising liquid smoke and flavorants
|U.S. Classification
|426/412, 426/415, 426/420, 426/465
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 30, 2015
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jun 21, 2015
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Aug 11, 2015
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20150621


text:
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text:
The Black Hills State Players, which includes a cast of current BHSU students and alumni, will stage three separate productions this summer giving five performances each week. Each production will run for two weeks in the Woodburn Theatre.
This summer's productions include: Rogers and Hammerstein's Oklahoma! a story set in a Western Indian Territory just after the turn of the century. The high spirited rivalry between local farmers and cowboys provides a colorful romance between Curly, a cowboy, and Laurey, a local farm girl. Oklahoma!, will show July 9 through July 20.
Tom Taggart's Deadwood Dick, a story which invites the audience to participate and experience the Old West. Deadwood Dick will show from July 23 through August 3.
Michael Stewart and Jerry Herman's Hello Dolly, the story of Dolly Gallagher Levi and her journey from Yonkers to New York City and the romance she encounters along the way. Hello Dolly will show from August 6 through August 17.
Performances are 7:30 p.m. Wednesday through Saturday and Sunday at 2:30 p.m. Prices are $17 for general admission and $14 for BHSU students, staff, and faculty. Season tickets are $42 for general admission and $40 for BHSU students, staff, and faculty. Group rates are available upon request.
For more information about group rates or to learn more about the summer theatre program call 642-6171 or email email@example.com.
Anything is Possible at Black Hills State University! Faculty, staff, and students are making headlines with their achievements. See what BHSU is in the news for lately. Call 605.642.6215 to share your news item.
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Spearfish, SD 57799-9502
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Friday, November 24, 2017


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Rider honors retiring Lawrence Township police chief
Posluszny retired Jan. 1 after serving for more than 28 years. (Photo courtesy of Martin Griff / The Times of Trenton)
Rider University will honor retiring Lawrence Township Police Chief Daniel A. Posluszny prior to its home basketball game against Saint Peter's on Thursday, Jan. 16, at 7 p.m. For this game in his honor, members of law enforcement, firefighters and EMTs can receive a discounted general admission ticket for $3 by showing their badge or identification at the ticket window the night of the game.
Anthony Campbell, Rider's dean of students, said the university has always maintained a close relationship with the Lawrence Township Police Department, especially with Chief Posluszny. In honor of his service to the community, Rider will present Chief Posluszny with a plaque during a ceremony just before the start of the game.
"The entire Rider community wishes Chief Posluszny well as he begins this new chapter in his life," Campbell said. "We are so grateful for his longstanding support and friendship over the course of his career, and we just want to take a moment to show our appreciation."
Vickie Weaver, director of Public Safety at Rider, said the Lawrence Township Police assists Rider with security for various events on campus, including basketball games and the fall concert.
"Chief Posluszny has been an invaluable resource to Rider University," she said. "His dedication to his career and faithful service to the police department as well as Rider made him a great friend to the whole Rider community."
Posluszny has been with the Lawrence Township police force for more than 28 years, 12 of which he spent as the chief.
For more information or to purchase tickets for any of Rider University's men or women's basketball games, call the ticket office at 609-896-5054 or visit the ticket office in Alumni Gym. Tickets may also be purchased online via Ticketleap, Rider's official online ticket provider.


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Leopard Print Tights product details:
(based on 3 reviews)
Ratings Distribution
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By Amy
from undisclosed
Comments about Leopard Print Tights:
The colors are really vibrant and show up very well on the legs.
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Fun and fabulous
By Pink
from Undisclosed
I love these tights. They are comfortable and I would purchase them all over again.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
Great stockings
By Buyerocc
My daughter wore these for 3 different Halloween parties and they were great. Good match for her leopardess costume and very nice quality.


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Facebook Watch Lands D-Wade Docu-Series ESPN Unveils New Shows, Podcasts Set For '18 Danica Patrick Retiring As Full-Time Driver Blaney Nabs REV As Primary Sponsor For Two Races Speedway Expects Sellout For NASCAR Finale QH Earnhardt Jr. Documenting Last Race SNY Goes Heavy On UConn Hoops Saints, Pelicans Sign Deals With SeatGeek ManU Hopes To Raise Profile In U.S. With Event
SBD/August 15, 2013/Leagues and Governing BodiesPrint All
NFLPA Study On HGH To Include Around 100 Former Players, But Is It "Smoke And Mirrors"?
A study proposed by the NFLPA to "determine the impact of human growth hormone use on players' HGH levels" will see "roughly 100 recent former players" participate, according to Tom Pelissero of USA TODAY. Two-thirds of those players "will be administered HGH, and the other third will receive a placebo." Their HGH levels will be "measured before and after the trial to determine the impact of use." It is "part of the scientific design of the population study requested by the union to determine the so-called decision limit to detect exogenous human growth hormone -- in other words, the highest HGH level a player can have without facing discipline." It was "unclear whether any ex-players had agreed to participate in the study, when the HGH would be administered or how prescriptions would be obtained for the drug." Sources on Monday said that there "remained optimism HGH testing could begin in 2013, with the appeals process the primary issue to be negotiated" (USA TODAY, 8/15). USA TODAY's Christine Brennan writes NFL players "have something to hide." Brennan: "It's a big secret, and a bad one. We know this because for a third consecutive season, the NFL Players Association appears to be preparing to again drag its feet rather than allow its players to be tested for HGH." What the NFLPA is proposing with the study "isn't a drug plan, it's a delay tactic, all smoke and mirrors." USADA CEO Travis Tygart said, "Something isn't right when they think that 100 tests of former players are better scientifically than 10,000 male samples -- including athletes from Major League Baseball, track and field, weightlifting and judo -- done since 2008 in worldwide sport" (USA TODAY, 8/15).
PILING ON: In DC, Nathan Fenno reports former NFLer Clinton Portis is "the lead plaintiff in an 83-player lawsuit" against the NFL "over head injuries." The suit was filed in U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida, and other plaintiffs include former NFLers Daunte Culpepper and Carnell "Cadillac" Williams. The suit claims that Portis "suffers from headaches, among other problems, and is 'at heightened risk of developing further adverse neurological symptoms in the future'" (WASHINGTON TIMES, 8/15).
Wheeler Says NASCAR Hurt Itself In '90s After Sport Became "Too Fancy"
Former SMI President & CEO Humpy Wheeler this week said that NASCAR "hurt itself by becoming 'too fancy' in the 1990s," according to Joe Marusak of the CHARLOTTE OBSERVER. Wheeler in a YouTube video added that the sport "soared in the 1990s and a lot of people wanted to change it." He said that this "happened as racing evolved from a regional to national sport." Wheeler: "They thought it was too country or unsophisticated or whatever. Those people were dead wrong." NASCAR has "grappled with perhaps its most troubling ongoing challenge: declining ticket sales." Wheeler "traced the sport's struggles in part to Dale Earnhardt's death" in the '01 Daytona 500. He said that cars have "become too expensive, preventing grass-roots drivers from rising in the sport." Wheeler added that corporate sponsors in NASCAR "tried to change the sport." He said, "By trying to change it ... a lot of people left, and they left by droves. Yeah, they kept watching it on TV some, but they didn't come to the race track" (CHARLOTTE OBSERVER, 8/15).
IS WHEELER RIGHT? In Charlotte, Erik Spanberg wrote, "Some of Wheeler's assertions resonate." The size of TV audiences watching NASCAR from '05-12 "declined by 32 percent." Forbes data shows that average attendance at tracks "fell from 130,000 fans per race to 98,000" during that span (BIZJOURNALS.com, 8/14). FOXSPORTS.com's Darrell Waltrip wrote, "One of the biggest areas I think we need change in is the race schedule." Waltrip: "I think we are at the point where NASCAR really needs to sit down, take a hard look at the schedule and do something new, different and exciting. We've been doing the same thing over and over, year after year and that's the type of things people are tired of. ... We don't have to reinvent the wheel, but we need to shake the tree every now and then and see what falls out" (FOXSPORTS.com, 8/13).


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Yes, please. This can't happen fast enough.
This conversation is ongoing, obviously, and will expand this week at Sapphire. James gives a good starting point of the issues for discussion.
Accelerating Knowledge Worker Decision Processes | ActionBase Blog – Thoughts on Collaboration Process Management Unstructured Compliance and AuditIf you collect all the data about a process as it executes, you're in a much better position when it comes to optimizing that process.
I love James' summary of using mobile devices for decision management: "Automate decisions and use mobile devices to provide context for those decisions and to deliver decisions to people out and about. Don't send them reports. Please."
Demo of Salesforce's workflow on YouTube: low res, but you can see the graphical process editor around 14:00.
The dangers of just using EC2 and thinking of it as a proper scalable and resilient cloud infrastructure.
"…public clouds were more expensive than internal infrastructures, at least for big companies that had already sunk a lot of money into their infrastructures and optimized them using virtualization." Well, duh, of course they are! The point is to avoid future costs in expanding that infrastructure, not comparing it by assuming that the sunk costs are not included in the comparison.
A lot of business departments are "going rogue" and purchasing cloud-based applications without going through the usual IT channels. Often, IT is not aware of this, and would likely have kittens if they were.


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MRJR, Up Nights, The Faction, Five O'clock FIre
Mojo Main
270 E Main Street
Newark, DE, 19711
Matt Rivard & Jon Ruffini have been making music together since 2003. Over the past decade they have formed several bands under different names, recorded multiple albums, and played small shows throughout the Philadelphia suburbs. They come to you today as MRJR.
Up Nights is an Emo, Indie Rock duo blending complex but dark guitar and vocal melodies, primitive drums, while telling somber tales of human nature.
Although there is always a brighter side, we choose to express the darker side of life. If things don't change, we are all going to burn.
Andrew Townsend - Guitar
David Sanchez - Drums, vocals
An alternative band hailing from Middletown, Delaware formed by Gabe Spadaccini and Reid Ferguson accompanied by Troy Hamill and Jared Konicoff.
The Faction is a four-man, alternative band from Middletown, Delaware. Formed
by Gabe Spadaccini (drums) and Reid Ferguson (guitar/vocals) in 2011, the group
has played at small bars and schools around Delaware where they have been an
instant hit and packed the house. After gaining some recognition and popularity,
the two members picked up Troy Hamill (guitar/backing vocals) and Jared Konicoff
(bass) and decided to record their first CD, Black Friday, late November of 2012.
The band recently went back into the studio record their new EP, Found A Home
in early March of 2013.
Five O'clock FIre
Once upon a time, there was an electrical fire at 5 in the morning at Louis L. Redding Hall that forced hundreds of students to evacuate the building and stand outside in the freezing rain for hours. It was a tragic event, many students were scarred for life. But five young men saw something more in that bleak hour, something bigger than just them. And thus, Five O'Clock Fire was born.
Hayden Richards, Zubin Hussain, Nathaniel Kim, Russ Israel, and Brian Orlow
Upcoming Events
Mojo Main
- Sorry, there are currently no upcoming events.


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TOTTENHAM Hotspur invited Scientologists in to preach to players, The Sun can
A representative of the cult gave young stars a seminar on the dangers of
Scientology charity Narconon has also been boasting online how it paid visits
to Bolton Wanders, Oldham Athletic and Rochdale.
Narconon's latest newsletter describes how Scientologist Simon Gauci, 45,
visited the clubs while wife Helen raised funds.
The Sun revealed last month how Narconon told how secret Scientologists
working for Narconon had tricked their way into primary schools posing as
drugs campaigners while parents were kept in the dark.
It has also bragged of support from a string of High Street names and bagged
cash from the Queen's bank, Coutts.
In issue 21 of the Narconon newsletter, Challenge UK, the charity says: "Over
the years he (Simon) has also delivered the lecture to juniors in the
following football clubs: Tottenham Hotspurs, Oldham Athletic, Bolton
Wanderers and Rochdale FC.
"In all he has probably reached over 20,000 children with the truth about
Helen, also 45, is credited with bagging more than £28,599 from charitable
trusts to support Narconon's work.
Tottenham admitted last night: "The Club was given a free introductory
presentation by Narconon over four years ago and we did not proceed with
Bolton, Oldham and Rochdale said they had no record of alleged visits by Gauci
or Narconon.
An Oldham spokesman said: "The only seminars on drug education – there have
been several – have been given by Sporting Chance and which were put on
through League Football Education which deals with such educational matters
on behalf of all clubs.
"I will be taking up the matter further with Narconon. Thank you for bringing
the matter to our attention."
Narconon uses "technologies" nurtured by the Church of Scientology – whose
followers include Hollywood stars Tom Cruise and John Travolta – to help
people overcome addiction.
Scientologists believe humans are haunted by the spirits of aliens massacred
with hydrogen bombs on Earth 75million years ago, as taught by the cult's
founder, sci-fi author L. Ron Hubbard.
Narconon was founded by the late William Benitez who turned to Scientology
while in prison on drugs offences.
The charity confirmed Helen and Simon Gauci were Scientologists but was unable
to confirm whether prospective clients were told of their links to the cult.
A Narconon spokeswoman said: "The statements in the newsletter regarding the
lectures given by Simon Gauci to juniors of various football clubs is
entirely accurate.
"He is an extremely good lecturer who has probably helped hundreds, if not
thousands, of British children to avoid a drug habit.
"Obviously because Narconon utilises the work of L. Ron Hubbard it is
supported by members of the Church of Scientology."


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Jim Rutkowski, a senior aide to Brian Topp in the recent federal NDP leadership, joined the Victoria office of Hill + Knowlton Strategies last month and is currently representing Port Metro Vancouver in efforts to build a relationship with the opposition NDP.
Records at the B.C. Lobbyists Registry, released this week, indicate Mr. Rutkowski was planning to arrange for officials from the federal Crown corporation to meet with NDP transportation critic Harry Bains.
Duncan Wilson, of Port Metro Vancouver, said the federal Crown agency often has a private consultant set up meetings with government and opposition MLAs.
"As an agent of the Crown we typically set up meetings as much as possible, but we cannot always do that," he said Thursday in an interview. "It's a logistics thing, setting up meetings. Sometimes staff do it and sometimes we need help."
The Port staff currently have "a lot on their plate," he said. "Hill + Knowlton helps pick up the slack. We have a contract [with them]for communications and government affairs. We use them as strategic counsel and outreach to government," Mr. Wilson said.
The meeting with Mr. Bains will mostly involve sharing information, he added. The Port has nothing specific to ask of Mr. Bains, Mr. Wilson said.
Mr. Bains dismissed a suggestion that there was anything political about his meeting with Port Metro Vancouver. Organizations that come to Victoria usually speak to both government and opposition members, he said.
The groups often hold a reception for several politicians as well as schedule separate meetings with individual MLAs, he added. Port Metro Vancouver also arranges tours of the port, he said.
"It is quite helpful, when they come," Mr. Bains said. "It is a very effective way to promote their cause, and at same time beneficial for MLAs to understand different industries and their issues."
Mr. Rutkowski has roots that run deep into the NDP. He was a media spokesman for former premier Ujjal Dosanjh and chief of staff and communications director for former party leader Carole James. During the 2011 federal election, Mr. Rutkowski was a campaign adviser and speechwriter for the NDP national campaign.
Mr. Rutkowski declined to be interviewed Thursday, saying in an e-mail that he has not been on the job at Hill + Knowlton long enough to be in a position to comment.Report Typo/Error
Follow us on Twitter: @GlobeBC


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To Ghardaïa
At el Golea, roses streak the edge of the desert. For this reason tourists in Algeria often see el Golea, but last week the crowds were natives and there were a lot of them. Bets were up in all the native villages along the route; Governor-General Jules Carde had motored from Algiers. At his signal a long line of 17 dromedaries moved forward, at first evenly, then in bunches. They started north along the way to Ghardaïa, running in the soft sand beside the motor road.
Five years ago the U. S....
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Honeypot books Dec 25 2007 01:52AM
karlzen (henrik karlzen bostream nu) (1 replies)
Re: Honeypot books Dec 25 2007 09:44AM
Jamie Riden (jamie riden gmail com) (1 replies)
RE: Honeypot books Dec 26 2007 01:46PM
Dodge, R. LTC IETD (Ronald Dodge usma edu) (2 replies)
RE: Honeypot books Dec 26 2007 10:37PM
Roger A. Grimes (roger banneretcs com)
If you're interested in Microsoft Windows and Windows Honeypots you can
always try my book, Honeypots for Windows
359). The first few chapters cover honeypots in general, including how
to set them up on a network to work correctly...I think the best that
any of the books covers. The middle chapters cover various Windows
honeypots, and the latter chapters cover Monitoring, Logging, and
Forensics (of Windows-based honeypots). But all of the available
Honeypot books are good.
*Roger A. Grimes, InfoWorld, Security Columnist
*CPA, CISSP, CISA, MCSE: Security (2000/2003), CEH, yada...yada...
*email: roger_grimes (at) infoworld (dot) com [email concealed] or roger (at) banneretcs (dot) com [email concealed]
*Author of Windows Vista Security: Securing Vista Against Malicious
Attacks (Wiley)
-----Original Message-----
From: listbounce (at) securityfocus (dot) com [email concealed] [mailto:listbounce (at) securityfocus (dot) com [email concealed]]
On Behalf Of Dodge, R. LTC IETD
Sent: Wednesday, December 26, 2007 8:46 AM
To: karlzen; honeypots (at) securityfocus (dot) com [email concealed]
Subject: RE: Honeypot books
The new book "Virtual Honeypots" is a great read. I am not sure it will
provide you the depth you are looking for.
What is the thesis of your project? You may need to find books that
detail technologies specific to your project, i.e. "TCP/IP vol I or II"
from Stevens, a detailed reference on SNORT, or a more service (like
APACHE) focused book.
Ron Dodge
ronalddodge (at) gmail (dot) com [email concealed]
West Point Honeynet Project: http://westpoint.honeynet.org/
-----Original Message-----
From: listbounce (at) securityfocus (dot) com [email concealed] [mailto:listbounce (at) securityfocus (dot) com [email concealed]]
On Behalf Of Jamie Riden
Sent: Tuesday, December 25, 2007 4:45 AM
To: karlzen
Cc: honeypots (at) securityfocus (dot) com [email concealed]
Subject: Re: Honeypot books
On 24/12/2007, karlzen <henrik.karlzen (at) bostream (dot) nu [email concealed]> wrote:
> Hi everyone!
> I'm new here and I hope my question is not posed in the wrong forum.
> :)
> After New Year I will do my bachelor project which will consist of
> adding/improving on an existing honeypot application. Now, I'm new to
> this area but have for example taken a course on network security.
> Anyway, I'm going to buy a book on the subject and am wondering which
> one is best suited. I've checked out
> http://www.honeypots.net/honeypots/books and apparently all the books
> get great reviews on amazon. Since I will be coding some stuff myself
> I'd like the book to explain such things in more detail and not just
> existing tools (but of course I don't want to "cheat"). Is the latest
"Virtual honeypots" the best bet?
I think it's a great book, but I haven't read other honeypot books so I
can't compare directly. It covers a lot of ground, including every
honeypot technology I'd heard of and quite a few that I hadn't before I
read it.
I think a lot of people find the title slightly misleading - in fact it
has a lot of detail about honeypots in general and is not restricted to
virtualised implementations.
Happy Christmas,
Jamie Riden / jamesr (at) europe (dot) com [email concealed] / jamie (at) honeynet.org (dot) uk [email concealed] UK Honeynet
Project: http://www.ukhoneynet.org/
[ reply ]
Re: Honeypot books Dec 26 2007 07:15PM
Parvinder Bhasin (parvinder bhasin gmail com) (1 replies)
Re: Honeypot books Dec 26 2007 09:53PM
Joshua Gimer (jgimer gmail com)
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the emotion eye
Canvas Draw Created Mar 06, 2013 640 x 460px Unless noted Copyright 2013 victoria90.
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Don't miss your chance to see All Time Low in Toronto! Check out the schedule below for the concert date of your choice, then buy your All Time Low Toronto tickets before they sell out!
Looking for All Time Low tickets in other cities? View all All Time Low tickets »
Sorry! We couldn't find any events for All Time Low in Toronto.
If you were searching to see if All Time Low is coming to Toronto, then you're in luck! For their latest tour, All Time Low will indeed hold a concert in Toronto. Have an awesome concert experience when you go to see All Time Low in Toronto. Get your All Time Low tickets Toronto and join fellow fans for a concert to remember!


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Tag Archives: Memories
Draft Day Memories: Ryan Mundy
Leading up to the 2012 NFL Draft current and former Steelers players and coaches will share their draft day memories. Featured in this segment is safety Ryan Mundy.
Source: Pittsburgh Steelers : Videos
Need Steelers Tickets? Shop Ticket Liquidator or try our Steelers eBay Ticket Page.


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Written on: 16/01/2013 by jazzylol9 (1 review written)
I realy wish i read reviews before but i didn't think to. I put it on my 3 and 5 year old dogs. After there was loads of fleas still there and i put more than one on and they are still itching like mad!!! So i looked at them closly and found there's big bumps under the skin. I thought it was wird how much they where tring to rub it off.It's toxic!!!
So, for ur pets sake (including cats... (look at yahoo)) PLEASE PLEASE dont use this poison on those innocent animals.
p.s. only put one star because i had to put at least one. 0!!


text:
Senior Secondary navigation
- Curriculum Guides Home
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At the heart of every subject are certain concepts or big ideas. These are the ideas and understandings that the teacher hopes will remain with students long after they have left school and much of the detail has been forgotten. Key concepts sit above context but find their way into every context.
Students need time and opportunity to explore these concepts, to appreciate the breadth, depth, and subtlety of meaning that attaches to them, to learn that different people view them from different perspectives, and to understand that meaning is not static. By approaching these concepts in different ways and by revisiting them in different contexts within a relatively short time span, students come to refine and embed understandings.
Last updated August 23, 2012


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This week on an all-new Open House, we're taking you to some of the country's best vacation destinations. From Aspen to Maui, come along for the ride! Check your local listings for air times in your area.
Published at 5:12 PM EST on May 1, 2014 | Updated at 10:28 AM EST on May 2, 2014


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Art Lovers Group - 3 Harbours Arts Festival
Sunday Brunch Club
Sunday, 3 June 2012 at 10:00 (BST)
Event Details
Join us at the popular Sunday Brunch Club Art Lovers Group. We usually meet on the first Sunday of each month.
Enjoy a leisurely Sunday afternoon visiting a gallery, seeing an exhibition and then enjoying coffee and cake in the gallery cafe.
This month we're visiting East Lothian for the 3 Harbours Arts Festival...
The 3 Harbours Arts Festival
"We are the largest most diverse arts festival in East Lothian. Now in its sixth year, the 3 Harbours Arts Festival has over 100 venues, over 100 artists and over 50 events.
Visual art, music, workshops, tours, trails, literature, film, photography and drama abound in Prestonpans, Cockenzie and Port Seton during the festival week.
Art in unusual places — sculpture in the harbour, photographs on harbour railings, an origami installation in a scrapyard and much more. "
Meeting point
10am outside The Dome on George Street for car-share. Stephanie will be there to meet you
Find out about our upcoming Art Lovers Group get togethers on our webpage here
When & Where
The Dome
14 George Street
EH2 2PF New Town
United Kingdom
Sunday, 3 June 2012 at 10:00 (BST)
Add to my calendar
Sunday Brunch Club
The Sunday Brunch Club is Edinburgh's leading social and activities network. THE way to meet new people, get fit and have fun. Social events - Outdoor activities - Sports Clubs
There's no charge to join


text:
Grindmaster Corporation has a "Consumer Pod Brewer" that looks to be a contender of sorts. It it's not the best looking brewer - but it does take a variety of pods from other machines (or so it says)
"Precision Brewr Single Cup Brewing System - Proprietary pod-based brewing system combines commercial infusion technology with digitally controlled brew sequencing to ensure a great tasting cup of coffee everytime, in less then one minute."
Read More in: Grindmaster | Single Serve Coffee Machines
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Most people seem to think that Still Not Black Enough is where W.A.S.P. started to drop in the songwriting quality compared to the first five classics. And while this sure as hell is no Crimson Idol or The Last Command, it is actually much stronger than Inside The Electric Circus, and several songs on here could definitely hold their own against alot of their classic material.
Still Not Black Enough is as already stated very similar in terms of songwriting and atmosphere to The Crimson Idol, with many catchy rockers to be found but also three ballads, and a rather dark and melancholic atmosphere over the songs. The production and guitar tone is also very much in the vein of their previous release, which works just as well this time, adding a perfect balance of raw heaviness and melody.
The songwriting is very consistent, and in my opinion every song on here is more or less excellent. The dark and emotional rocker Still Not Black Enough, the catchy and memorable Black Forever, and even the cover of Somebody To Love, they all kick ass. Goodbye America has a super-cool sampled intro speech, with the classic quote: "I am politically incorrect, and damn proud of it." The song itself is classic W.A.S.P., which of course equals amazing.
Keep Holding On and Breathe are two more traditional ballads, the first one more sorrowful than the latter, both excellent. The third ballad, I Can't, is more original, and thus also stands out more. Very interesting and emotional songwriting, being quite melancholic and sad until it kicks into the powerful chorus. The second best song on here.
Rock N' Roll To Death is catchy fucking heavy metal, with a definite groovy 70's vibe but with the classic W.A.S.P. touch. "If rock n' roll dies, I'll take my last breath!"
Closing track No Way Out Of Here is a bit of a filler and kinda forgettable, but not really a bad song.
My personal favourite on here is Scared To Death, which has some spinechilling layered guitarwork and atmospheres, perfected by Blackie's mesmerizing melodic-yet-raw vocal performance and the female backing vocals added exclusively for this song. Excellent song, and a true Wasp classic.
All the songs are just incredibly solid, and they're backed up by killer musicianship. Chris Holmes rejoined the band for this album after being absent on The Crimson Idol, yet strangely the guitarwork is more similar to The Crimson Idol than any of the previous albums.
The drumming style also is very similar to their 1992 masterpiece, with the crazy tom fills used for the rhythm section. It's very, very strange, but incredibly cool.
So yeah, this is pretty much a simplified and less epic version of The Crimson Idol, and definitely another indispensable W.A.S.P. classic.


text:
By Vito Pilieci, Postmedia News
A device coming from a Rhode Island company this spring promises to shake the publishing industry in the same way CD burners shook the music industry and forever changed copyright laws in the early 1990s.
"We guess that this is going to be the same debate they had in music: could you record a CD to digital?" said Nic Boshart, digital services manager with the Association of Canadian Publishers.
Boshart said he doesn't expect the device to have an immediate impact on book sales because users will still have to flip pages manually. "I don't see how it's any different from a scanner."
But Sydneyeve Matrix, a media professor at Queen's University in Kingston, Ont., predicts demand for the Book Saver and similar devices will skyrocket among groups such as students, who have long complained about textbook prices.
"From a user's point of view, flipping pages is still a pain. But, there is every incentive for students and consumers to have one person go through the labour and then share this digital copy," she said. "That's where the copyright concerns come in really quickly. "
The Book Saver, expected to sell for $150 US, is capable of scanning pages more than seven-times faster than anything available today, its maker says. It creates files that can be transferred to an e-book reader, such as a Kindle or an iPad.
"ION continues to lead the way in smart, intuitive conversion products," Gregg Stein, managing director at ION, said in a release. "Book Saver is the only device needed to quickly make all your books, comics, magazines or other documents e-reader-compatible."
ION makes a range of products to help consumers convert old media, such as records and CDs into digital files that can be played on a computer or iPod.
The Book Saver device, which had its debut at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas last week, arrives as Canada is once again trying to amend outdated copyright legislation to better address the digital era.
The Canadian Copyright Act has not been updated since 1997, two years before Napster forever changed the way people obtain music and movies online. An attempt to update the act in 2005 was abandoned. Another attempt was made in June 2008, but the federal election that year stalled the amendments.
A new attempt to update the legislation, led by the Conservative government and introduced in June, is still working its way through Parliament.
A key question in the current round of talks is whether consumers have any right to make personal copies of DVDs, e-books and video games for personal use.
Carolyn Wood, executive director of the Association of Canadian Publishers, said the new Book Saver device is sure to open new copyright concerns for her members.
"It does raise questions," she said. "The whole business about what it means to own a book when it's in digital form is not the same as when in it's in print form. I am interested in this."