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Journal of Nanomaterials
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 851753, 12 pages
Analysis of Large-Strain Extrusion Machining with Different Chip Compression Ratios
School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510641, China
Received 20 May 2012; Revised 12 August 2012; Accepted 12 August 2012
Academic Editor: Sheng-Rui Jian
Copyright © 2012 Wen Jun Deng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Large-Strain Extrusion Machining (LSEM) is a novel-introduced process for deforming materials to very high plastic strains to produce ultra-fine nanostructured materials. Before the technique can be exploited, it is important to understand the deformation behavior of the workpiece and its relationship to the machining parameters and friction conditions. This paper reports finite-element method (FEM) analysis of the LSEM process to understand the evolution of temperature field, effective strain, and strain rate under different chip compression ratios. The cutting and thrust forces are also analyzed with respect to time. The results show that LSEM can produce very high strains by changing in the value of chip compression ratio, thereby enabling the production of nanostructured materials. The shape of the chip produced by LSEM can also be geometrically well constrained.
1. Introduction
Deforming metallic alloys to very high plastic strains is known to confer significant benefits to the material, including microstructural refinement and enhanced mechanical and physical properties [1–3]. Until now, various techniques have been developed to deform metallic alloys, of which, the equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) process has been found to be very effective. Figure 1 shows the schematic of the ECAE process. During the process, a billet is pressed through a constrained channel, which intersects another channel of identical cross-sectional shape. When the billet passes through the intersection of these channels, it undergoes a large shear strain along the plane of intersection.
ECAE is, however, not without limitations. Multiple passes of deformation are required to create large accumulated strains. Moderate- and high-strength metals and alloys are difficult to deform at ambient temperatures by ECAE due to constraints imposed by the forming equipment, such as durability of tools and dies. Finally, there are uncertainties pertaining to knowledge and control of deformation field parameters [4].
These problems have been solved in large-strain extrusion machining where the chip formation is just partially constrained so that different strains can be imposed on the machined chip. The machining parameters can be easily adjusted with external requirements. Thus, ultra-fine materials can be formed in a single pass. Figure 2 shows a schematic of a plane-strain LSEM process. The LSEM tool consists of two main components: a bottom section with a sharp cutting edge inclined at a rake angle and a top section that acts as a constraining edge. During the LSEM process, this chip compression ratio () is given by where is the thickness of the undeformed chip removed from the workpiece which itself is a chip with predetermined thickness, . The geometry of the chip is controlled at the point of its formation by the constraining tool. The chip compression ratio and shear strain are the most important parameters used to characterize the deformation in the chip. Figure 3 shows the setup for LSEM. Both and can be changed by adjusting shims and the three setting screws are designed to reinforce machine parts to keep the LSEM operative.
Much effort has been expended on understanding the factors that influence properties of the ECAE billets. There have been reports of studies on the effect of routes [5, 6], ram speed [7], die tooling [8–10], friction conditions [11], extrusion temperature [12, 13], and material properties [14] on the characteristics of the billets. Finite-element methods (FEMs) that analyze deformation behavior and the fundamental mechanism of formation of ultrafine grain structure during the ECAE process have also been reported [15].
There are, however, very few studies on large strain machining that can help understand the effect of process parameters on material behavior. Chiffre [16] originally proposed the idea of extrusion cutting to produce soft metal chips with geometrically controlled chip formation at high machining speed. He also proposed a simple upper bound model for estimating strain in the chip. This shear strain imposed in plane strain LSEM by combined machining and extrusion depends only on the rake angle and the chip compression ratio defined in (1). This effective strain () may be expressed as where is the shear strain, is the tool rake angle, and is the chip compression ratio [16]. An investigation was carried out on ascertaining the feasibility of using extrusion cutting as a continuous manufacturing process for brass strip production.
Hoshi and Shaw [17] developed a method for producing wire in which cutting and forming are combined into one operation. A chip is first formed by cutting a billet with a special tool containing a hole into which the chip flows. This hole acts as a die to convert the rectangular chip into a round wire. Shet and Deng [18] developed a finite-element model to simulate and analyze the orthogonal metal cutting process under plane strain conditions, with focus on the residual stress and strain fields in the finished workpiece. Davim and Maranhão [19] employed the finite-element method to determine the plastic strain and plastic strain rate when machining AISI 1045 steel and concluded that both plastic strain and plastic strain rate can be predicted with good precision when machining with the FEM model. Swaminathan et al. [20] described important aspects of the large strain deformation field in machining and established that controlled shear strains in the range of 1–15 can be imposed on the chip in a single pass of plane-strain machining, and the microstructure of the chip is substantially finer than that of the bulk material. The features of this severe plastic deformation (SPD) approach were illustrated by its application to the study of formation of ultra-fine-grained (UFG) and nanocrystalline microstructures in various alloys. Lee et al. [21] described a method for measurement of velocity and strain distributions in plane-strain two-dimensional machining. The key elements of the experimental approach were the use of an optically transparent Sapphire tool for chip formation and the application of a charge-coupled-device- (CCD-) based, high-speed imaging system to directly observe and record material flow in the primary and secondary (rake face) deformation zones, during machining. By combining the observations with image analysis methods, the velocity, strain rate, and strain distributions in chip formation were directly estimated. Shankar et al. [22] presented the properties of aluminum 6061 alloys of various tempers, severely deformed in plane strain at room temperature by machining, and demonstrated the effectiveness of plane strain machining as a technique for studying large strain deformation of aluminum alloys in various tempers. A variety of strains, microstructures, and mechanical properties were obtained by appropriate choice of the tool rake angle. Furthermore, large strains were imposed in a single pass of deformation. Deng et al. [23] studied structure refinement and deformation behavior in plane-strain machining and found that it was feasible to consider machining for the fabrication of ultra-fine-grained materials. It can be concluded that the machined chip is ultra-fine-grained material and machining can be taken as a potential severe plastic deformation method to produce ultra-fine-grained/nanostructured materials.
Plane strain (2D) machining is a potentially attractive route to creating very large plastic strains in a single stage of deformation [23, 24], while simultaneously overcoming the limitations of the SPD. Large-strain machining is also used as an SPD method since it allows a wide range of deformation conditions to be imposed even in materials of high strength and limited ductility. Since chip formation is unconstrained, the strain rate can be varied over a wide range during machining by varying the machining speed and rake angle [21, 25]. However, this very lack of constraint in chip formation also makes it difficult to control the shape and dimensions of the resulting fine-grained material.
large-strain extrusion machining is a newly introduced process which can be described as cutting method where the rear surface of the chip is constrained by a constraining tool such that the material is extruded through the gap between the constraining tool and cutting tool [16, 26]. With simultaneous shape and dimensional control of extrusion in a single-step deformation process, LSEM overcomes the lack of geometric control in chip formation and leads to a greater strain than conventional machining.
This paper reports the results of an FEM analysis that studied the effects of different chip compression ratios on the LSEM process. In addition, the mechanism of LSEM process for pure copper material was described by the FEM. A series of simulation results of temperature field, effective strain, strain rate, and cutting forces were obtained. The difference between LSEM and conventional machining process was also investigated. The numerical and experimental results provided useful theoretical and experimental guidelines for LESM process.
2. Finite-Element Models
The finite-element model of LSEM described here is a key element in establishing plane strain machining as a process for making nanostructured materials. In the present study, the simulations were conducted with a commercial FEM code DEFORM-2D, which is based on an updated Lagrangian formulation for large plastic deformation analysis. The chip formation process was simulated as plastic flow and the separation of the chip material from the workpiece was achieved by continuous remeshing. The initial workpiece mesh and tool mesh are shown in Figure 4. During the process, the workpiece moves in certain speed while the cutting and constraining tools are stationary. The cutting and constraining tools, assumed to be much harder than the workpiece material, with no permissible rotation or displacement, were modeled as a rigid and heat transfer body. Since the bottom and the left boundary of the workpiece were expected to undergo very little deformation during cutting, it was assigned zero displacement in the directions.
The LSEM conditions that were employed in the simulations are as follows: the cutting velocity was 0.052 m/s; the undeformed chip thickness was 0.20 mm and the width of the cut was 1.0 mm; the length of cut was 2 mm; the rake angle was 10° and the environment temperature was 20°C. The workpiece was made of pure copper and had the following properties. Young's modulus: 120 GPa, Yield stress: 150 MPa, and Possion's ratio: 0.3. The chip compression ratio varied from 0.5 to 1.9. For larger values of , predefined chip geometry was found to be detrimental to the simulation as the chip's outer edge became separated from the constraining tool. An upper limit for occurred when the deformation of the chip was not sufficiently large for its rear surface to reach the constraining tool. In the finite-element simulation, this result occurred for in extrusion machining. The cutting process was simulated from the time the tool entered the cut to the time the length of the cut was 2 mm. In this study, chip separation was achieved through the function of adaptive remeshing strategy.
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Temperature Distribution
It is important to understand the interactive effects of strain rate, strain, and temperature on microstructure refinement. The measurement of temperature is useful to study phenomena such as dynamic recovery and recrystallization. Figure 5 shows the distribution of temperature through the chip and workpiece in conventional machining and LSEM, where the compression ratio is different. A series of comparisons was performed in order to determine the difference between LSEM and conventional machining. Since the speed of machining () influences the deformation zone temperature, by cutting at very low speeds (~0.052 m/s), this temperature can be kept marginally above the ambient temperature while imposing large strains. The maximum temperature rise in the workpiece in all cases of simulation is less than 68°C, which is far less than the transformation temperature. The maximum temperature in LSEM is about 68°C, a little higher than that in conventional machining (~63.4°C). Clearly, discernible are the strongly heated parts of the shear zone. This temperature can be attributed to the heat of severe shear deformation. With simultaneous shape and dimensional control of extrusion, the field of maximum temperature in LSEM is slightly larger than that in conventional machining.
3.2. Strain Distribution
Strain plays a critical role in the formation of nanomaterials in both cutting and LSEM processes. Figure 6 shows the simulated effective strain with different chip compression ratios for LSEM and for conventional machining. The variation in chip compression ratio significantly changes the magnitude of the effective strain. The maximum effective strain values are 3.64, 2.94, 2.45, 2.25, and 2.14, respectively, for chip compression ratios of 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, and 1.9. The maximum value for the effective strain is seen to occur at . For , the strain decreases with the increasing . It is obvious that, as decreases from 1 to 0.5, the maximum effective strain increases from 2.45 to 3.64, representing a decrease of 1.19. However, it is also noted that, when increases from 1.5 to 1.9, the maximum effective strain decreases from 2.25 to 2.14, a mere difference of 0.11. LSEM has the obvious advantage of producing very high strains through changes in the value of , compared to conventional machining. At the same time, the maximum effective strain value is only 2.23 in conventional machining, which is less than most of the other values of the LSEM. This clearly indicates that the realization of very high strains at small values of is particularly interesting for causing high levels of microstructure refinement in the chip, as shown in the Figure 7.
The machining conditions are as follows: the cutting velocity is 0.052 m/s; the undeformed chip thickness is 0.2 mm; the width of the cut is 1 mm; the rake angle is 10°; the chip compression ratio is 1. It can be observed that bulk material is composed of larger equiaxed grains with an average size greater than of 0.1 mm in Figure 7(d). The sizes of the subgrains range between 200 and 800 nm, with a mean diameter of about 400 nm in Figures 7(c) and 7(e). It can be concluded that both conventional machining and LSEM are effective severe plastic deformation methods to produce ultra-fine-grained/nanostructured materials. The shape of the chip obtained by LSEM can be geometrically constrained well and, therefore, may be more attractive for industrial application.
Figure 8 shows the SEM pictures of the typical morphology of a chip of pure copper produced by LSEM. The machining parameters were as follows: a cutting velocity of 0.052 m/s, a chip compression ratio () of 1.9, an undeformed chip thickness () of 0.1 mm, and a tool rake angle of +10°. Such a low cutting velocity was selected to ensure quasi-static deformation and to minimize temperature influences during the imposition of large strains. Figure 9 shows the microstructure of partially detached pure copper chip in conventional machining. The machining parameters used were a cutting velocity of 0.052 m/s, an undeformed chip thickness () of 0.1 mm, and a tool rake angle of +10°. It is important to note that LSEM, unlike conventional machining, involves constrained chip formation where the deformed chip thickness is controlled a priori. This is because the constraining tool is placed such that it controls the thickness of the chip at the point of its formation. Furthermore, the surface quality of the chip in LSEM is far better than that in conventional machining. This demonstrates that significant shape change and control can also be effected by LSEM while creating bulk nanostructured materials.
Chip formation occurs by concentrated shear within a narrow deformation zone, often idealized by a "shear plane." Most of the grain refinement associated with the formation of the UFG chips has been attributed to the large shear strains imposed in this deformation zone [22]. The theoretical shear strain imposed on the chip during chip formation is given by (2) in LSEM with simplified assumptions. Figure 10 shows the distribution of effective strain through the primary deformation zone and the chip in the LSEM and conventional machining. The locations of the two trajectories AB and CD are shown in Figure 10(a). The starting point of the trajectory AB, almost in the center of primary deformation zone, is just at the tool nose. The first point of the trajectory CD in the chip is on the rake face at 0.3 mm to the tool nose, while the trajectory CD is perpendicular to the rake face. The effective strain is relatively high near the tool nose but varying in the primary deformation zone as shown in Figure 10(b). It is easy to see that the effective strain through the primary deformation in conventional machining is far lower than any other in LSEM. It can also be seen from this figure that when the value of is 0.5, the value of effective strain is much larger than others. It can be concluded from the result that, when the value of the chip compression ratio is low, the deformation in primary deformation zone is severe. Effective strain distributions through the chip are given in Figure 10(c) for LSEM at , , , , , and conventional machining. In LSEM, the deformation field adjoins the chip-tool interface, wherein a significant increase in the strain is observed and is seen to extend to about a quarter of the chip thickness from the interface with the cutting tool. The strain is relatively high but varying in the secondary shear zone, subsequently leveling off to a near constant value at large distance from free surface. This is a consequence of additional straining arising from the friction at the tool-chip interface. It is obvious to find that the effective strain through the thickness of the chip in conventional machining is lower than all of those in LSEM. However, it can also be seen from this figure that the effective strain curves become steeper with the decreasing . When the value of is 1.9, the constraining tool has little effect on the material deformation during the extrusion process, the variation of strain through the thickness of the chip is similar to that in conventional machining.
3.3. Effective Strain Rate Distribution
Figure 11 shows the simulated effective strain rates for LSEM at different chip compression ratios and for conventional machining. The strain rate contours in chip formation indicate a narrow band in machining [27]. The narrow zone, in which the effective strain rates are much larger, is just ahead of the tool in conventional machining. However, the strain rate contours, near the tool nose in LSEM, are like a radar transmission when the value of is low. This concentration of strain rate in the deformation zone is perhaps even better seen in Figures 11(g) and 11(h), where the effective strain of a particle is mapped as it moves from the undeformed workpiece into the fully developed chip, through the primary deformation zone. The location of the trajectory is shown in Figure 11(c). The initial location of the particle is about 0.5 mm from the tool nose along axis and 0.05 mm from the tool nose along axis. It can be observed that the chip formation in LSEM is slower than that in conventional machining. It takes about 0.02 s to reach stability in conventional machining, while it takes about 0.03 s in LSEM. However, the effective strain is much larger in LSEM than in conventional machining along the specific trajectory.
Figure 12 shows SEM pictures of the typical morphology of a chip of pure copper produced by LSEM. The machining parameters used were cutting velocity of 0.052 m/s, chip compression ratio () of 1.9, undeformed chip thickness () of 0.2 mm and tool rake angle of +10°. In the micrographs, the microstructure changes occur in the deformation zone while the chips exhibit a "flow-line-" type microstructure characteristic of material deformed to large plastic strains. It can be concluded that the numerical results agree well with the experimental results.
3.4. Cutting Force and Thrust Force
A variation of the simulated cutting and thrust force with tool travel is shown in Figures 13 and 14. The forces are analyzed with respect to time. The thrust force remains low until the time of first contact with the constraining tool. The cutting and thrust forces rise rapidly before 0.01 s, subsequently reaching a constant value once the cutting process reaches a steady-state stage. The maximum cutting and thrust forces, seen to occur when the value of is 0.5 in LSEM, are about 360 N, 365 N, respectively. As shown in Figure 13, the cutting force increases significantly as the value of decreases. In Figure 14, a high thrust force is observed at small as well; thus the thrust force is almost equal to the cutting force in LSEM when the value of is low. It is seen from Figure 14 that the thrust force in conventional machining, the same as in LSEM with , is very small. This is because the component of the friction force and extrusion force, in the direction, between the rake face and chip is very small. When , the addition of a constraining tool will impose new restrictions due to additional frictional forces and thrust force. These results suggest that the lower the value of , the larger is the thrust force, which may be a reasonable indicator for the lower limit of realizable in LSEM. The numerical and the experimental cutting forces are in good agreement, as are the thrust forces. It should be also noted at lower values of the chip is pushed out with greater difficulty.
4. Conclusion
(1)A finite-element model has been developed to study large-strain extrusion machining. The finite-element simulation provide good estimates of deformation field parameters such as temperature, effective strain, effective strain rate, and limits on the chip compression ratios that can be effectively realized. It can be concluded from the investigation that LSEM can be carried out as a stable process. (2)A series of comparisons has been made to determine the difference between LSEM and conventional machining. In contrast to what happens in conventional machining, LSEM overcomes the shortcoming of geometric uncontrollability during chip formation. LSEM has the obvious advantage over conventional machining in obtaining very high strains by changing the value of , thereby enabling the production of nanostructured materials.(3)The chip compression ratio provides important insights on the strain produced in the chip. As becomes small, significant increases in effective strain and thrust force are observed. In order to study interactive effects of large strain deformation on microstructure and properties of materials, correlation between the deformation parameters (e.g., strain and strain rate) and machining parameters (e.g., ) is necessary. When the value of the chip compression ratio is low, the deformation in primary deformation zone is severe. It can also be noted with decrease in the value of , it becomes more difficult for the chip to be pushed out.(4)By conducting a trajectory, the deformation history of the material which passes through the primary zone and the chip can be obtained. The results show that grain refinement associated with the formation of nanostructured materials can be attributed to the large strains imposed in the primary deformation zone and the secondary shear zone.
This research was conducted under the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50605022, 51075154), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2012ZZ0057), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (06300160), and Zhujiang Science Technology New Stars Foundation (2011J2200066).
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subset: commoncrawl


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Providing back end support to the Sales Channels and Operations team / Support Functions in terms of maintaining data, preparing MIS and generating various business reports.
Communicating and coordinating with various departments and branch locations.
Key Interactions :
* Customers
* Location In-Charge of the vertical/department and Department Heads
Measures of success :
Achieving the TATs for operational excellence.
Graduate with 50 % marks.
Minimum 1 year experience.
Age betn 19yrs - 29 yrs.
Good communication and analytical skills
Excellent Knowledge of MS Word and Excel
Good command on languages English, Hindi & Gujarati.
- Back-office Onroll Job.
SBI Life Insurance is a joint venture between State Bank of India and BNP Paribas Cardif. SBI... owns 74% of the total capital and BNP Paribas Cardif the remaining 26%. SBI Life Insurance has an authorized capital of Rs. 2,000 crores and a paid up capital of Rs 1,000 crores. Read full description


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Aaron Sams and Jonathan Bergmann, the gentlemen credited with starting flipped learning, have been extraordinarily busy as the concept and grown and spread very rapidly in the past year.
Their book, Flip Your Classroom: Reach Every Student in Every Class Every Day, was the first joint publication effort by ISTE and ASCD and they have criss-crossed the nation making presentations. Their site https://flippedlearning.eduvision.tv/default.aspx, has published 100s of how-to videos on numerous aspects, grade levels, and subject areas related to the flip. (Unfortunately, they have chosen to charge a hefty $97 apiece for viewing these videos. I know it costs to produce the videos, and the presenters are justified in being compensated for their time and effort, but this price is well out of the range of what teachers can afford for their own PD. Surely a better model can be developed)
Bergmann has posted a significant amount of links to free videos and podcasts on his personal website http://flipped-learning.com/?page_id=421.
Happily, Sams and Bergmann have also chosen to establish a podcast network...and this is without cost. To date (7/23/12), seven podcasts have been posted...at the rate of approximately two per month. The interviews and discussions provide insights, tips, and resources by flip practitioners. Click on the flipped learning logo above to be taken to the podcast network. -JL
Via Jim Lerman, Dennis T OConnor, Lisa Woodruff


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While I am not a grandmother nor a horny male, I did giggle at your comment nana. I will peg myself as a straight female voting for Pam and would love a final of Evan, Erin and Pam! Last night, Evan brought out the sexy and for the first time I really enjoyed his dance. Maks and Erin are bringing in new viewers who wonder--are they dating or aren't they? (Even if they aren't, Maks seems to be happier and in a good mood with her.)Originally Posted by nanarama;3887450;
I will admit that Pam's boobs do overshadow Damian, but she is what the show is about. Take someone totally out of their comfort zone and see what they can do with it. Ty Murray was a perfect example of this and one of the reasons I enjoy the show so much. If they have no dance-ability, but a great work ethic, a good sense of humour and don't always take them selves so seriously~~it works for me.
One of the great things about Pam is her ability to get into character. She does it very well. On screen it appears that Damian is the only man in her life. She totally wants him and her eyes/facial/body language displays that. She should be cast in a romantic love story or a romantic comedy as she has the ability.
As a straight woman, I love what Pam brings to the show. Hopefully my votes keep her in the competition!!!


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In 1999, Larry McMurtry, whose wanderlust had been previously restricted to the roads of America, set off for a trip to the paradise of Tahiti and the South Sea Islands in an old-fashioned tub of a cruise boat, at a time when his mother was slipping toward a paradise of her own. Opening up to her son in her final days, his mother makes a stunning revelation of a previous marriage and sends McMurtry on a journey of an entirely different kind.
Vividly, movingly, and with an infinite care, McMurtry paints a portrait of his parents' marriage against the harsh violent landscape of west Texas. It is their roots - laced with overtones of hard work, bitter disappointment, and the Puritan ethic - that McMurtry challenges by traveling to Tahiti, a land of lush sensuality and easy living. With fascinating detail, shrewd observations, humorous pathos, and unforgettable characters, he begins to answer some of the questions of what paradise is, whether it exists, and how different it is from life in his hometown of Archer City, Texas.
Filled with moments as strong and moving as any found in his novels, Paradise is a penetrating look at life and love from one of America's most beloved writers.
Executive Producer: Dan Zitt
Producer: John McEloroy
Original Cover Design by Kai Chu
Original Cover Art by Paul Gauguin, Words of the Devil (1892), A collection of Offentliche Kunstammlung, Kunstmuseum, Basel, Switzerland
©2000 Larry McMurtry
(P)2001 Random House, Inc.
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Sportsline: North Dakota coaches hope to keep wooden bats
Baseball coaches in North Dakota are generally in favor of retaining wooden bats for their sport in years to come.
The three-year experiment of switching from metal to wood ended this spring, the only state to exclusively use wooden bats in the country.
The cost factor, which was once the main reason for the switch, is now reversed to the point where metal bats are four times more expensive than wooden models.
Coaches interviewed stated that while the metal bats provided far more scoring, the switch to wood restored good pitching.
Red River's Mark Varriano, a Bemidji native, said the use of wooden bats makes kids become better hitters although the lower scoring games will cost times at bat.
And while the strikeout ratio remained unchanged, hurlers were throwing far less pitches, saving arms in the process.
Proponents of wood say it also gives college recruiters a better opportunity to see high school players real batting abilities than do the metal bats.
Summer wrestling
A summer wrestling program for matmen in Grades-K-12 will be conducted each Monday from 6-7 p.m. in the high school wrestling room. No wrestling will be held July 6.
Heading the staff will be Itasca Community College mat coach Shane Holm with Minnesota Gophers Kaleb Young and Dustin Schlatter. Young is a former Bemidji High mat star.
On June 22-23 a Champ Camp will be held at the mat room open to wrestlers in Grades K-7.
Grades K-3 will wrestle each day from 1-3 p.m. with those in Grades 4-7 going between 8-11 a.m.
Cost of the camp is $30 for Grades K-3 and $40 for Grades 4-7.
The fees include a Camp T-Shirt.
Wrestlers should register by June 1 by calling Rance Bahr at 444-9218.
Bahr, Rob Strand and Charlie Osborn will be the camp supervisors.
The coaching staff will be ex-Lumberjacks Brandon Bahr (Augsburg), Steve Masterson (Concordia) and Joe Andersen (St. Cloud), all currently wrestling at the college level.
Tommies champs
St. Thomas turned back Wooster, Ohio twice on the final day to take the NCAA-II national baseball title.
St Thomas won 9-1 over Chapman and 16-5 over Shenandoah before falling 3-0 to Wooster in the winners bracket final.
The Tommies fought back to beat Carthage 3-1 to reach the title round where they stopped Wooster 6-4 and 3-2 in 12 innings to take the crown.
Summer soccer
Registration for the Summer Youth Soccer program is still open.
The program is for players 4-8 and runs Tuesday and Thursday from 5-6 p.m. at the Middle School soccer complex south of the BYL baseball fields.
The program will run from June 9 to July 16.
To register call director Rick Toward at 444-8413 or online at www.bemidjiyouthsoccer.org.
Seniors honored
Park Rapids named Kevin Vaadeland and Mindy Lawrence as male and female Athletes of the Year .and Dylan Walsh and Megan Lawrence as its as the student male and female Athletes of the Year.
In addition, Dick Carpenter and Gene Nei became the third class of inductees into the Panthers Athletic Hall of Fame.
Vaadeland, a four year letter winner in baseball and three years in basketball and football, is headed to NDSU for football next fall.
Mindy Lawrence is a four year letter winners in golf and three years in tennis and basketball.
Megan Lawrence lettered four years in gymnastics and golf and three in tennis.
Walsh lettered three times in football and baseball and twice in basketball.
Mat coach ousted
St. Cloud Tech is searching for a new wrestling coach after Dave Schorn resigned after being told his contract would not be renewed.
He led the Tigers mat team since 1995. School officials would not comment on the move calling it a private personnel matter.
Schorn's team won four CLC titles and went 5-4 this year in the conference. He had a 180-132-2 record entering this season.
Award Nights
The first two spring Award Nights have been set.
The girls track night will be held Tuesday night at 6 at the BHS Commons with the boys baseball picnic at Diamond Point Park Thursday at 5:30.
Yet to be set are the boys track, softball and tennis fetes.
Sponsors are asked to check dates through the activities office to prevent any two from being held on the same night.
Softball tourney
Spots are filling fast for the annual Summerfest Tournament at Clearbrook June 27-28.
The men's slow pitch tourney is a bracket by record with teams guaranteed four games. The entry is $200.
The women's slow pitch meet is also a bracket by record format with three games guaranteed. That fee is $175. Trophies and travel allowances will be awarded.
The first 32 men's and 12 women's teams are guaranteed spots in the meet.
Contact Mike Gibeau at 218-776-3805 (home) or 3812 (work).
Entries should be mailed to Sports Boosters, Box 46, Clearbrook 56634. The deadline is June 17.
Northwoods opens
The Northwoods Collegiate League opened play this week with the newly formed Brainerd Lunkers, the fifth summer team to play at Brainerd, fell to the St. Cloud River Bats 10-6.
Harmon Killebrew threw out the first pitch at the game which drew 1,429 fans to Mills Park.
Poor attendance through the years wrote an end to Brainerd's first four teams.
The Duluth Huskies shaded Battle Creek, Mich. 1-0 on a bases loaded hit batter on the losers field in another league opener. That contest attracted 1,008 fans.
In Arrowhead League play, the Nashwauk Colts spoiled the season opener for Grand Rapids, handing the Indians a 5-1 setback at Legion Field.


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If you are the same age as I am (or perhaps a little younger or maybe even a little older) you'll probably remember what you were doing exactly 60 years ago Sunday.
Especially if on that day, March 30, 1954, you were anywhere near the intersection of Yonge St., Davisville Ave. and Chaplin Cres.
Here are a few hints: you would have heard the amplified sound of speeches coming from somewhere near the southwest corner of the intersection followed by enthusiastic cheering by crowds of Torontonians who had waited for years for this event to take place.
Then came the blast of an air horn followed immediately by the screech of an old style hockey referee's whistle. The country's first subway was officially in business! By the way those speeches you heard were made by Ontario Premier Leslie Frost and Toronto's flamboyant, in the nicest sense, Mayor Allan Lamport who together started things rolling. With the opening of the Yonge line, something Torontonians had talked about for nearly half a century, our city joined the ranks of half a dozen other North American cities (Boston being the first) that decided in an attempt to alleviate the ever-growing traffic congestion problem they would build expensive, but necessary, underground transportation facilities.
Coincident with the opening of Toronto's new subway the venerable old Yonge streetcar line (that had started as a horse car route in 1861, the nation's first) ended.
With the first full week of service under its belt the TTC proudly announced that the 100 bright red English-built all-steel subway cars on hand at the opening (four others test cars made of aluminum and steel were yet to arrive) had a carried a total of 1.8 million passengers on the $50 million (actually $66 million when all the bills were in) along the 7.4-km (4.6-mile) route connecting Union Station at Front and Bay Sts. with Eglinton Ave. And, the official press release went on to state, among the thousands of tokens (at the time a brand new method of fare collection) inserted in the dozens of turnstiles and numerous fare boxes located in the 12 subway stations there wasn't one "slug."
Another interesting fact was that while the TTC was still basking in the glow of Canada's first subway, officials were already discussing what route would be next. Some thought a short $12 million streetcar subway line under Queen St. from McCaul to Sherbourne should be next (never happened) while others were pushing for an $80-million east-west line along Bloor and the Danforth (a dozen years would pass before the first section of that line opened). A third contender was a $20-million subway under either University Ave. (opened 1963) or Spadina Ave. (another no show). Even back then a "downtown relief line" was a not a too far-fetched idea.
What was not disputed however, was the need to continue expanding the city's subway system.
Continuing this week's TTC theme, as a way of thanking the citizens and business owners affected by the recent lengthy track replacement program along a portion of the Kingston Rd. the Commission is offering FREE rides on its iconic PCC Streamliner streetcar (one of only two remaining from a fleet of 745 such vehicles) from Woodbine Loop (Queen St. E.) to Bingham loop (Victoria Park) from noon until 4 pm. Sunday afternoon.
*Mike Filey's Toronto", co-hosted by Gene Stevens is now heard twice each weekend, on Saturday and Sunday at 12:30 noon, on Zoomer Radio AM740.


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An excerpt from www.HouseOfNames.com archives copyright © 2000 - 2017
Origins Available: English, Welsh
The name Code is from the rugged landscape of Wales. It is a Celtic name that was derived from Cudde or Codling, which were both pet-forms of the personal name Cuthbert. However, the Old English words "cod" and "codd," which mean bag, were used to refer to the belly or stomach c. 1250. Thus, Code may be a nickname surname applied to someone whose belly was thought to resemble a bag. During the 16th century, a codder was a worker in leather, a saddler, or a peltmonger. Thus, Code may also be an occupational surname applied to someone involved in one of these trades.
Code Early Origins
Cornwall, where they held a family seat from very ancient times.
Code Spelling Variations
Code Spelling Variations
The Welsh have an extremely large amount of spelling variations of their native surnames to their credit. It was up to the priest or the scribe taking the official records to determine how the spoken name was to be made literal. As time progressed, the old Brythonic names of Wales were recorded in English, which was especially problematic since the English language had extreme difficulty recording the highly inflected sounds of Cymraeg. Spelling variations were, however, also carried out according to an individual's design: a branch loyalty within the family, a religious adherence, or even patriotic affiliations could be indicated by spelling variations of one's name. The spelling variations of the name Code have included Code, Codd, Codde, Coad, Coade and others.
Code Early History
Code Early History
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Code research. Another 237 words (17 lines of text) covering the years 1172, 1648, 1709, 1672, 1689, 1689, 1690 and 1635 are included under the topic Early Code History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Code Early Notables (pre 1700)
Code Early Notables (pre 1700)
Prominent amongst the family during the late Middle Ages was Code of Gridley Castle in Devon; and John Coode (c. 1648-1709), born in Penryn, Cornwall, he left England...
Another 27 words (2 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Code Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Code In Ireland
Code In Ireland
Some of the Code family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt. Another 149 words (11 lines of text) about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
The Great Migration
The Great Migration
During the latter half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, the people of Wales journeyed to North America to find a new life. They made major contributions to the arts, industry and commerce of both Canada and the United States, and added a rich cultural heritage to their newly adopted societies. A look at the immigration and passenger lists has shown a number of people bearing the name Code:
Code Settlers in United States in the 17th Century
Code Settlers in United States in the 19th Century
Code Settlers in Canada in the 19th Century
Code Settlers in Australia in the 19th Century
Contemporary Notables of the name Code (post 1700)
Contemporary Notables of the name Code (post 1700)
Code Family Crest Products
Code Family Crest Products
See Also
See Also
Other References
The Code Family Crest was acquired from the Houseofnames.com archives. The Code Family Crest was drawn according to heraldic standards based on published blazons. We generally include the oldest published family crest once associated with each surname.
This page was last modified on 9 January 2017 at 09:15.
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Tiger girls short season surprised many
The Morris Area / Chokio-Alberta girls basketball program ended its season on a sour note, getting upset by the No. 5 seed Minnewaska in the first round of Section 6AA playoff action. The Tigers ended the season 16-10 and finished third in the conference with a 12-3 conference record.
"Expectations were a lot higher than that," head coach Dale Henrich said. "There were games that we let get away from us and we shouldn't have. We lost two games in overtime, lost two games by two, and then that Breckenridge fiasco where you give up 50 points in the second half… Those are five games you'd look at as getting back, so the expectation was that those were games we shouldn't have lost."
It would have been an entire different ball game if the Tigers won just one or two of those close games. If the Tigers ended up winning the game against Montevideo instead of letting it go into overtime and losing, they would have ended up with a share of the conference title with Sauk Centre, which would have meant instead of two all conference members, the Tigers would have probably got three, Henrich explained.
"I fully expected at the beginning of the season to have a 20 win record, and it was do-able. We should have won 21 games before playoffs even started." Henrich said.
With a 7-5 section record, the Tigers hosted the first round of playoffs at No. 4 seed playing fifth seeded Minnewaska. The Tigers beat Minnewaska twice with ease during the regular season. Coach Henrich told the girls beforehand if they played together as a team, they should win, but if they did something else, they were going to get crushed… And that's exactly what happened.
"As a coach, as much as you want to dictate what happens, the players are still playing. It was disappointing to watch us finish the season that way, and I think fans would agree that it was disappointing to watch," Henrich said.
"At the same time, it was kind of what I thought I would see and I hate saying that, but with the way the season went and there were other issues surrounding what would have been second playoff game… At some point you just aren't playing anymore."
The Tigers graduated five seniors from the basketball team this season: captain Abbie Olson, captain Nicole Strobel, Kaitlin Vogel, Rebekah Aanerud, and Beth Holland.
"Our captains did well, our seniors really were the focus of the season."
Abbie Olson was the defensive MVP and made the all subsection team this year, ending the season with 151 points, 118 rebounds, and 38 steals – a shocking stat for a low post player.
"She was a kid that didn't take a lot of stuff from other girls on the court, she went out and worked hard and played well. There were some games this season where she just stepped up and took over the game and that's what you want to see as a coach," Henrich said. "She just wanted to play ball and get better and she made the kids around her a lot better."
Nicole Strobel was the other captain for the Tigers this season– a quiet leader said Henrich. Strobel ended the year with 92 points, 38 assists, and 82 rebounds.
"She's been outsized as a post her entire life, she works hard, but physically everyone is just bigger than she is, so in the absence of Tracy this year she was able to move outside and play some wing for us. She kind of took the role of utility player this season from going post to guard, playing where ever we needed her but did a really nice job."
Kaitlin Vogel ended the season with 85 points, 34 assists, 112 rebounds, and 19 blocks.
"Kaitlin was strong on the boards, really played well, there were games where she would come in at the end of the game and contribute really well. She was another big player in size as far as the post goes."
Rebekah Aanerud ended her senior season with 57 points and 29 rebounds, and at the MA/C-A sports banquet, Aanerud received the Hustle Award.
"She didn't see the floor all that much, but when she did she was constantly hustling, and she really played hard in practice and made everybody step up and work hard offensively. She was our hustler award winner solely for that reason."
Beth Holland was the offensive MVP for the Tigers this year, ending with a career 985 points–second highest in MA/C-A scoring history since its inception in 1994. This season she contributed 357 points, 68 assists, 61 rebounds, and 70 steals for the Tigers and was a honorable mention for the West Central Tribune All Area team.
"She played four years for me on varsity, all conference honorable mention two years then all conference this year. She was very difficult to guard off the drive, and that was one of her big contributions this season."
Next year will be difficult losing five players that helped mold the chemical makeup of this years 16-10 team, but Henrich is positive about his returning players and those coming up from B-squad who went 23-1 this season.
"Every year you lose an awful lot, you lose kids that will go out and score points for you, you lose kids that communicate on the court, not only losing the athlete, but the makeup of the team changes drastically," Henrich said. "It's one of those things where you can't ever replace those kids, you just try to figure out how those other kids fit in. Our program itself is fine. We have a lot of kids wanting to play, it's just a matter of learning to play together and finding that right mix of kids, again."
The Tigers have a good varsity group coming back next year, and a few younger kids that have potential to be moved up to varsity, depending on how much offseason work they put in.
Lacee Maanum, Becca Holland, and Lauren Reimers are three that saw the court a lot this season, plus Tracy Meichsner will hopefully be back, too.
"If you look into the future, the program is fine. We have a lot of kids in place that are going to be looking for playing time. It just comes down to how much time that they want to spend getting better."


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Issue No. 03 - March (1974 vol. 7)
pp: 36-37
W. J. Poppelbaum , University of Illinois
The 1073 Lake Arrowhead Workshop on Distributed Computers presented a session on "Hard-Core Hardware" in which a panel formed of Ed Bergman (Naval Electronic Laboratory Center), Jack Cornell (Systems Development Corporation), Bob Noyee (Intel), Ted Poppelbaum (University of Illinois), Rex Rice (Fairchild), Dan Slotnick (University of Illinois), and Joel Trimble (Office of Naval Research) indulged in enlightened crystal-ball gazing. It seems appropriate to start this paper with a summary of the points of view expressed by the panelists, although some of their opinions are also incorporated in later sections. (The author must, of course, take full blame for misrepresentations!)
W. J. Poppelbaum, "Information hardware… again", Computer, vol. 7, no. , pp. 36-37, March 1974, doi:10.1109/MC.1974.6323473


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Looking Back: Joey Picks 10 Best Performances by an Actress in 2013
by Joey Magidson
December 23, 2013
This morning, we debuted my picks for the 10 Best Performances by an Actor in 2013. Now we're continuing the second part of my look at the best performances of 2013, by looking at the big screen turns from actresses. From foreign newcomers like Adèle Exarchopoulos in Blue is the Warmest Color to veteran hands like June Squibb in Nebraska, wherever you looked, there was someone giving a performance for the ages. It was a pleasure to watch Exarchopoulos, Squibb, and many other actresses deliver performances we won't soon forget. This year was truly one filled with performances of great note.
As I mentioned in Part 1, something I noticed this year was, as we've seen in many years past, the male performances of note greatly outnumbered the female, at least in terms of the Oscar race. Best Actor and Supporting Actor are stacked races, while Actress and Supporting Actress are relatively lean. That being said, I had no problem coming up with way more than ten women that gave tremendous performances this year, so perhaps the Academy just isn't on the same page as folks like I am. In fact, my favorite performance of 2013 in general was given by a lovely lady, so there's that.
Below are the ten best female performances of the year, which along with my earlier list of the best male performances of the year basically makes up my 20 best performances of 2013 overall. I'll be very curious to see your favorite turns by an actress in the comments afterwards, but for now, let's get the show on the road!
#10. Margot Robbie - The Wolf of Wall Street
Supremely sexy but also very funny, Robbie has announced her presence on the scene with authority in The Wolf of Wall Street. This is one of Scorsese's best female roles in a long time. The so called "Duchess of Bay Ridge" is great here, turning in a performance that makes her more than just a trophy wife. The scene where she teases DiCaprio is an incredibly memorable one, for sure.
#9. Julie Delpy - Before Midnight
Delpy has always been tremendous in this role, but here she adds a new dynamic to things. Especially during her third act argument with Ethan Hawke, you get see her character in a whole new light. I don't want to say too much about where her character is and what's happened in case anyone still hasn't seen this film, but it's very different than the first two, I'll say that. Regardless, Delpy has never been better in the role than she is here in Before Midnight.
#8. Amy Adams - American Hustle (hat tip to Her)
I don't think people realize just how good as year Adams has had. Between her key supporting turn in Her and especially her co-leading role in American Hustle, she's had a 2013 to remember. In the former, she's very good, but it's her flashy role in the latter that really deserves the acclaim. Affecting a fake British accent for about half the film, she's one big con in a film about cons and con artists. She's rarely been better than she is here in this likely Academy darling of a flick.
#7. Lea Seydoux - Blue is the Warmest Color
Sure, her costar is rightly getting most of the awards chatter/attention (what little there's been), but Seydoux is still an integral part of why their film is successful. As the more mature of the two, Seydoux doesn't get to come of age in the same way, but during a pair of third act scenes, she really shows you an added bit of depth to her character. She may be second best in the movie, but it's still a top notch performance that you won't be able to forget, much like Blue is the Warmest Color on the whole.
#6. June Squibb - Nebraska
A total scene stealer, Squibb has most of the movie's funniest lines, particularly during a visit to a cemetery. Finally given a chance to shine (though many of you will recognize her from About Schmidt), Squibb holds her own with Dern and Forte in Nebraska, owning certain scenes in fact. She's on track for her first Academy Award nomination, and boy does she ever deserve it.
#5. Brie Larson - Short Term 12
I enjoyed her Silent Bob-esque supporting turn in Don Jon as well, but it's her lead role here in Short Term 12 that really blew me away. As a caregiver at a center for at risk youths with a similar past to the young men and women she's helping, Larson delivers a complex and memorable performance that should work as a launching pad for her bright young career. This is the sort of role that many an actress would kill for, so it's delightful to see her just take the ball and absolutely run with it.
#4. Jennifer Lawrence - American Hustle
A complete force of nature, Lawrence literally turns this film on its head whenever she comes on the screen. To some degree she functions as comic relief in American Hustle, but it's also a very sexy turn as well. Lawrence likely would be the frontrunner to win Best Supporting Actress this year if she hadn't already won Best Actress last year, but this is such a flashy performance that I wouldn't be shocked one bit if she managed to take home back to back Oscar statues.
#3. Shailene Woodley - The Spectacular Now
An incredibly tender performance, Woodley is absolutely adorable here in The Spectacular Now. Playing much more than just a high school good girl/nerd, she essays a part that defies conventions while always feeling completely realistic. The ways that her character evolves and grows is incredibly compelling, due in no small part to her performance. In a more perfect world, she'd be headed for an Oscar nomination.
#2. Scarlett Johansson - Her
It's impossible not to understand how Theodore could fall in love with Samantha due to Johansson's brilliant voice work on display in the film. There's a reason why a movement has formed to get her the first ever voice only acting nomination in Oscar's history. I don't think she'll ultimately wind up in the Best Supporting Actress lineup, but she 100% deserves it. You can't help but fall for her character. Part of it is the voice, but it's also just the chemistry she has with Phoenix. It's all rather perfect, which is something I'd say about Her in general too.
#1. Adèle Exarchopoulos - Blue is the Warmest Color
The best female performance of the year and also the best performance of 2013 in general, Exarchopoulos is absolutely outstanding in Blue is the Warmest Color. She really is incredible. Watching her character come of age is one of the heartbreakingly real events in cinema this year. From her first sex acts to her first real misery in life, it's all shown in such a way that you feel for her and feel like you know her. Especially with where the film leaves her, you just want to wrap her up in a big hug, and I'm not sure that you'd feel that way with someone else besides her in the part. A career worth watching has been birthed!
Honorable Mention - Cate Blanchett - Blue Jasmine, Greta Gerwig - Frances Ha, Sally Hawkins - Blue Jasmine, Kristen Scott Thomas - Only God Forgives, and Kate Winslet - Labor Day
And that's it for the best female performances of the year. Don't forget to check out my 10 Best Performances by an Actor in 2013 if you missed it earlier today. Tomorrow I'll be back with my picks for the Best Scenes of 2013, and our own Ethan Anderton has plenty more year-end retrospective pieces in store for posters and comedies, a list of the Best Horror films from The Golden Briefcase's Tim Buel, not to mention our picks for the Best Films of 2013. But now we turn the reigns over to you. What were your favorite performances by an actress in 2013? Did I name a lot of them? Did I miss any? Sound off below!
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Kaspersky Lab, a developer of secure content management solution announced today its preparation for a fully-fledged participation at Gitex Technology week, ITU Telecom World (ITU is the International Telecommunication Union), the United Nations agency for information and communication technology. Both events will be held at the Dubai World Trade Center, United Arab Emirates, from the 14th until the 18th of October, 2012.
Kaspersky Lab stand will be located in Hall 1, booth number C1-10 at Gitex Technology week. At the booth, Kaspersky Lab will be showcasing its latest solution range of security solutions for homes, small offices and enterprises, with a special highlight on its recently launched KIS 2013, which combines cloud-based functionality and powerful security technologies.
Commenting on the participation, Tarek Kuzbari, Managing Director of Kaspersky Lab Middle East and Turkey said, "We continue to reaffirm our commitment to the Middle East region through our significant participation in both events Gitex Technology Week and ITU Telecom World. We are honored to welcome Kaspersky Lab's delegation headed by Eugene Kaspersky, and we are positive that we will add so much value through sharing our global expertise,"
"Kaspersky Lab has always been known for its technological excellence and innovation in antimalware, demonstrated by its breakthrough detection technology. In the time of this new paradigm of evolving cyber-threats, it has become imperative that all users, whether at home or at work, grasp the appropriate education on internet security and undertake the proper measures to control cyber weapons, and the future of the IT security industry as a whole", he continued.
A delegation of senior executives will be flying-in to Dubai to share their knowledge and experience, and showcase Kaspersky Lab's latest security solutions throughout the events. The commission will be headed by Eugene Kaspersky, founder and Chief Executive Officer, Kaspersky Lab, accompanied by Costin Raiu, Director, Global Research & Analysis Team, Stefan Tanase, Senior Security Researcher, EEMEA, Global Research & Analysis Team and a group of international researchers and analysts.
Eugene Kaspersky will deliver a keynote speech at ITU Telecom World, outlining the magnitude and global nature of cyberthreats today. Topics including mitigating risks posed by major coordinated cyberattacks at a national level and strengthening international cooperation will be explored during the ITU Telecom World
[1] https://www.albawaba.com/en/node/355857?nid=445447
[2] https://www.albawaba.com/golin-harris
[3] http://www.albawaba.com


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BC40 - Public Information Director II
State Specifications:
General Nature of Work:
Plans, develops and directs a comprehensive informational and/or educational program at a state agency or institution.
Guidelines for Class Use/Distinguishing Characteristics:
Positions in this class are responsible for agency informational programs which are diverse and/or numerous and which are essential to the agency's mission. Incumbents participate in top management policy decision making.
Examples of Work:
(Note: The examples of work listed in this class specification are not necessarily descriptive of any one position in the class. The omission of specific statements does not preclude management from assigning specific duties not listed herein if such duties are a logical assignment to the position. The intent of the listed examples is to give a general indication of the levels of difficulty and responsibility common to all positions in this class.)
Plans, develops and directs communication strategies and long-range public information and/or education programs designed to promote and explain agency goals, activities and objectives.
Directs a professional public information staff in complex and varied assignments, including the production and distribution of news and feature releases, publications for internal and external uses and multimedia presentations.
Prepares news releases, articles, scripts, speeches, media campaigns, educational materials, etc.
, which require a high skill level or involve politically sensitive information; reviews and approves all programs, publications and media projects prior to submission.
Directs the planning, development, editorial content, production and evaluation of informational and promotional printed material, magazines, scholarly journals and other periodicals.
Plans and directs the marketing, advertising, circulation and production functions for magazines and other periodicals; directs agency or institution marketing programs.
Develops policies and procedures governing the release of agency information; acts as official agency spokesperson.
Directs the implementation of in-service training seminars, workshops and conferences; produces and publishes training literature and materials.
Develops and manages the public information budget.
Knowledge, Skills and Abilities:
(Note: The knowledge, skills and abilities listed are not necessarily inclusive of the requirements for every position in the class.)
Knowledge of journalistic principles and practices and techniques of disseminating information to the public through news media.
Knowledge of the methods and techniques used in planning, composing, editing and producing publications.
Knowledge of principles and methods of planning, conducting and supervising large-scale public relations programs.
Knowledge of agency programs, policies, procedures, objectives and goals.
Ability to gather, organize and present oral and written information in a clear, concise and accurate manner.
Ability to establish and maintain effective working relationships with the communication media and general public.
Ability to supervise subordinate personnel.
State Minimum Training and Experience
State Necessary Special Requirements:
Minimum Requirements:
(Note: Additional requirements may be applicable for individual positions in the employing agency.)
A bachelor's degree and experience related to the development and dissemination of informational material.
MUSC Minimum Training and Experience Requirements:
A bachelor's degree and three years professional experience related to the development and dissemination of informational material.
MUSC Physical Requirements:
This classification is not currently used at MUSC. Please contact the Department of Human Resources for more information.


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Raiders baseball ends season with close loss to Owatonna
It's been a road full of challenges and accomplishments for the Hastings Raiders baseball team.
"A month ago, if you would have told me that we would be in the section semi-finals, I would have been happy," head coach Paul Hartmann said. "We expect each and every year to get better every day and ultimately compete in the section. Our long-term, No. 1 goal at the beginning of the year was to make the final four - and with such a young team, these guys can be proud of their accomplishments."
Hastings played three games as one of the section 1AAA final four teams. In the first game, Hastings beat No. 1-ranked Owatonna 2-1, and after four and a half innings in the second game against Rochester Mayo, it looked like the Raiders would pull off another upset. But it wasn't meant to be.
The Raiders were doing a good job of getting runners on base, but until the fifth inning, were unable to push anyone home. Fighting for a run after Mayo scored one in the third, Hastings pulled ahead in the fifth, when pitcher Aaron Stoneberg hit a double that put Nick Bachman home and Stoneberg scored himself thanks to a Mayo fielding error on David Schoeberl's at-bat.
Stoneberg, who pitched six and a half innings, walked the first runner of the game in the bottom of the sixth, and the next two Mayo batters had two doubles that scored them two more runs. Another run came that inning after Wes Hedlund relieved Stoneberg.
Hastings couldn't answer the late Mayo runs in the seventh and lost the game, 4-2.
The game was a wet one. Hastings and Mayo battled throughout the game in the rain, and the water gave both teams' pitchers an extra challenge. The umpires stopped the game a few times, once so that Hastings pitcher Aaron Stoneberg could clear the mud from his cleats, twice to add fresh dirt to the mound to soak up some of the water while Rochester Mayo was on the mound.
Conditions were similar in 2007, head coach Paul Hartmann told his team before the game. That was the last year the Raiders won the section championship and played at state.
The double-elimination tournament gave Hastings another shot. They played Owatonna for the second time Monday for the chance to face Mayo for the section championship.
Hastings scored first, a run by Brian Amble in the top of the third off Austin Nelson's sacrifice fly, and Owatonna matched the run in the bottom half of the inning.
Hedlund scored another in the fourth, but Owatonna put up two more to take the Raiders' slight lead.
In the next two innings, Nelson was the only runner from either team to get on base. He advanced to second.
The Raiders pulled ahead again in the top of the seventh. Stoneberg scored on a double by Tony Hammes and Hammes went on to score on a single by Nelson. Leading Owatonna 4-3, the boys were just half an inning away from advancing to the section championship game, but two Owatonna runs put an end to the hope.
Schoeberl pitched the whole game, save for the last Owatonna batter. He was relieved in the bottom of the seventh by Hedlund.
"Our guys took the loss very hard," Hartmann said, "which as a coach you appreciate as it shows you how much they care. But this group has nothing to hang their heads about. They improved throughout the season more than any team I've ever coached or played on."
Not only did they improve in the season, but the Raiders continued to get better in the playoffs.
"We did not commit an error in the last three games, which in high school baseball, is very difficult to accomplish," Hartmann said. "These guys deserve a lot of credit for staying together and sticking with the plan that we set for them."
The team's record (2-16 in the Suburban East Conference) doesn't show the success these athletes have had.
"Ultimately, as a group, our team became very close throughout our early struggles," Hartmann said. "I believe they have learned valuable lessons and developed relationships that will last a lifetime."
This year's varsity team has a lot of players, including all its pitchers, who are likely to return next season.
" ... So now the challenge for these guys is to take that next step," Hartmann said. "Their work ethic and passion for the game of baseball will guide them through this process. They know that we are more than capable of making a similar run next season, but that won't come easy, as all the other teams will be working hard to improve."


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Can you enlighten me about the Section 19(9) route as mmntioned by the Punjab Information Commission, Please!!
Can you enlighten me about the Section 19(9) route as mmntioned by the Punjab Information Commission, Please!!
Please read: https://www.rtiindia.org/forum/37278-...ns-2007-a.html
In fact some SICs continue to have such regulations. They can be challenged in the respective HC.
Twitter: @cjkarira
I do not think the word "decision " referred to in s.19(9) of RTI Act concerns Review at all . It lacks reasoning since the Orders of IC are final .
It is an example of poor drafting of the Act .
I hereby present my views regarding the same:
1. The case so referred to relates to the complaint petition filed with the punjab information commission
2. The case dealt with the imposition of penalty on the pio.
3. The commission, after relying on various decisions of the courts, held that if the pio provides cogent reasons for the delay, the
penalty can be dropped, and hence the commission did not impose penalty on the pio.
4. Under Section 19(9) of the RTI act, the review so mentioned therein relates to the complaint so filed by the complainant and decided by the information commission. Kindly note that it is not a second appeal, but a complaint.
5. Under section 19(9) of the RTI act, opportunity is given to both the complainant and the public authority to appeal before the commission under the said section, whenever the complainant and / or the public authority are not satisfied by the decision of the information commission in the complaint petition.
6. Such an appeal procedure is different from the second appeal so filed before the commission after the first appeal before the appellate authority.
Respected Dr. Rajan,
Could you plz direct to the referred Order of PSIC .
Could you plz give your interpretation / interpretations as to the word "decision " referred to in s.19(9) of RTI Act .
Further to my Post No. 4 Please find attached a submission made to Punjab State Information Commission for review of its order dated 27 February 2012 in the Complaint case No.3375 of 2011.
Please go through it and suggest further improvements. I need to submit the same before the commission on 03 September 2012 (Monday).
Thanks all
This same issue is already running on another thread https://www.rtiindia.org/forum/71353-...9-rti-act.html
Also 3 posts I have made on this issue on these threads have been removed. Why ?
Bhanot Sahib,
It would be helpful if you can post the file in "word.doc" form .


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The Delaware Breast Cancer Coalition recently announced that a $100 Designer Bridal Gown Sale will be held from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., Saturday, March 9, at the Delaware State Fairgrounds in Harrington. The event will feature more than 500 donated bridal gowns for sale at drastically discounted prices with all proceeds benefiting DBCC's programs and services in Delaware and surrounding communities. The event is free and open to the public.
The gowns, which have been donated to DBCC by manufacturers, bridal shops and brides, will all be priced at $100. The sale will include couture and exclusive designer wedding gowns valued up to $8,000. Gowns are of assorted styles and designers and range from sizes 2 to 32.
This is the Delaware Breast Cancer Coalition's third bridal gown sale. DBCC held Designer Bridal Gown Sales last March at the Sheraton Wilmington South and again in November at the Delaware State Fairgrounds. Together, the two sales raised more than $25,000 for DBCC.
"We are so thrilled that so many brides found their wedding gowns at our sale," said DBCC's Public Affairs Coordinator Caitlin Dalik. "At the sale in November, brides were lined up for their chance to find their dream dress for $100, and it was such a fun shopping event!"
"DBCC's Designer Bridal Gown Sale is truly a community effort," said Vicky Cooke, DBCC's executive director. "Designers, bridal shops and brides from across the country have donated wedding gowns to raise money for the fight against breast cancer."
The funds raised through this sale will be used to expand DBCC's programs in Delaware and surrounding communities to increase breast cancer awareness, promote the importance of early detection, and provide access to mammograms, and support and resources to women and men who have been diagnosed with breast cancer. For more information about DBCC's programs and services, visit www.debreastcancer.org.
The fairgrounds are at 18500 South DuPont Highway, Harrington. The sale will be held in the Dover Building on the fairgrounds. All sales will be cash or credit card only. Free parking is available. For more information about the sale, visit www.debreastcancer.org/brides or call 1-866-312-DBCC, Ext. 10. For volunteer opportunities at the sale, contact Kelly Kershaw at 302-778-1102, Ext. 10, or firstname.lastname@example.com. To donate a wedding dress that is less than five years old and has been professionally cleaned, call 302-778-1102, Ext. 10 or 21.
The Delaware Breast Cancer Coalition is a 501c3 organization offering statewide programs and services of education, outreach, and early detection and treatment of breast cancer.
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AG McDaniel Calls On Exxon Mobil To Preserve Oil Spill Documents
Attorney General Dustin McDaniel (D) requested that Exxon Mobil Corp. preserve and maintain all documents and all other information related to Friday's extensive oil spill and ongoing cleanup efforts in Mayflower.
In a letter to Exxon Mobil officials, McDaniel said his office will open an investigation into the cause and the impact of Exxon's Pegasus pipeline rupture. Thousands of gallons of crude oil leaked into a residential neighborhood near Lake Conway, leaving significant damage to the state's environment and to property in the surrounding area.
"This incident has damaged private property and Arkansas's natural resources. Homeowners have been forced from their homes as a result of this spill," McDaniel said. "Requesting that Exxon secure these documents and data is the first step in determining what happened and preserving evidence for any future litigation."
McDaniel said he expects Exxon Mobil to comply with his request.
His letter asks the oil company to require any affected employees and affiliated organizations to preserve all "documents, data compilations (including electronically recorded and stored data), tangible objects or other information" relevant to the pipeline rupture, spill and cleanup. He requested that Exxon Mobil take all necessary measures to prevent destruction or modification of those records.
The Attorney General said that his office will evaluate all appropriate measures to represent the State and its agencies, including the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality and the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission.


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Okay, California Pacific Airlines ready again
FAA-certified, but start dates out of Carlsbad airport uncertain (psst, April)
Ken Harrison 8:30 a.m., Nov. 18
(Page 2 of 3)
"I am glad to report that Dr. Tanaka [from San Diego] was finally placed on the staff. Now that I am barbering my arm seems to be getting better all the time. I am glad you heard from my father. I have not received news from him as yet.
"The food situation can be improved greatly (the tea and coffee are such in name only). I have spoken to the officials in charge and I am sure after talking with them that conditions will improve."
May 4, 1942: Now that we have a number of San Diego men working in the kitchens, the food has improved a bit. I heard we are to receive meat soon, but I think it will mostly be stew meat, because we are not allowed knives, only spoons and forks as eating utensils."
In late May, many left the camp for "seasonal leave," to work the fields. Others sought new, "relocated" lives in the Midwest.
May 26, 1942: "Chicago, Denver, Cleveland, Minneapolis, Cincinnati, and St. Louis are the 'big towns' that are attracting the most," Tets wrote.
"What a difference time makes! The cry was 'Go West' (young man), now it's 'Go East' (young Nisei).
"The outlook for a family to relocate outside is not very encouraging. Many families came into camp with only two to three suitcases per member. They had sold their furnishings for the home. Furnished houses are very rare or are too expensive. As a result, if the family goes out, they must start all over to furnish a house on an income that has…decreased during the past year.
"Another thing: many things that were sold are now not available or else priced much higher. This problem alone keeps many in camp. Couple that…with the uncertainty of the attitude of the people, jobs to support a family (majority of jobs now are menial), and then you have the bottleneck to relocation. So at present those who can afford the expense…are the ones relocating.
"I am sorry to report that many have begun to like this camp life — so easy-going with hardly any worries aside from what other way time can be more leisurely spent. I think that it harms the youths more than anyone else…. Live on the government is their creed — after all, ole Uncle Sammy will take care of them so why worry about the future? They are pretty disillusioned and cynical. However, there is hope, because now with all the young fellows going out many are becoming conscious of the outside.
"Nothing definite regarding relocation of either my sister or me. Too many things uncertain."
July 28, 1942: "The hot weather is really sapping my energy so that I flop on my bed for a few hours after work to recuperate."
August 3, 1942: "Monday morning and blue as usual. Feel a little bit stiff as a result of an afternoon of badminton yesterday….On Saturday I had one of the doctors here in camp check my lungs. He told me there was nothing to worry about. Later I am going to have him x-ray both my lungs and arm.
"Ten men came into Japanita from North Dakota. Four were former San Diegans. They told me dad is getting along all right and that he is barbering in camp. He had his trial but as yet does not know the verdict."
On August 9, military police made an unannounced search for contraband. Along with scissors, knitting needles, and other potential "weapons," they smuggled out money. A small group of Nikkei caught a uniformed thief in the act and beat him with chairs. Newspapers screamed "mass riot." The Army shut down the camp for three days.
August 10, 1942: "Dear Miss Breed: You have by now read about the presence of military police here in camp. They were here Tuesday afternoon to Friday afternoon. The only people working were those in the mess division and certain sections of the maintenance and recreation department. Even the U.S. Mail was at a standstill.
"What a sad surprise when mail was resumed. I had a letter from dad saying that he had received notice of internment for the duration. There is a chance of reopening his case. In order to do so, he requires an affidavit of conduct."
Breed petitioned William Fleet Palmer, United States Attorney, on behalf of Tets's father. Along with a strong character reference, she added, "If Mr. Hirasaki could be sent to Santa Anita, the family could become a unit again before they are moved to a relocation center."
Santa Anita had been a way station. For six months, the Nikkei speculated about their ultimate destination. Most rumors said it would be far inland: the "snow country" of Utah, Idaho, Colorado, or Wyoming — or even Arkansas. "Wherever we go," Fusa Tsumagari wrote to Breed, "we all realize it will be 'rough going,' because other people have refused to live there before us."
On August 20 the camp newspaper, The Pacemaker, announced: "The complete evacuation of the Santa Anita Assembly center will begin on Wednesday [August 26], when a contingent of approximately 600 persons will leave by train for the Colorado River at Parker, Arizona. An additional group of 600 evacuees will leave for the same destination on Thursday [August 27]. The two groups will be made up of families evacuated…from San Diego city."
Parker, Arizona, wasn't on many maps. Eighty miles from the nearest service station, it had only one telephone. Poston, the "relocation center," was 16 miles south of Parker in what looked like endless wasteland: one of the nation's hottest areas (said to be ten degrees hotter than the Libyan desert), and one of the windiest. Storms flared up in seconds and coated everything — skin, hair, teeth, sinuses, eyes — with a layer of fine dust almost impossible to remove.
August 26, 1942, written on a blue postcard: "Dear Clara: Leaving for Poston tonight."
< Previous page Continued on the next page >
Read Part Two
Thanks, Jeff, for highlighting Clara Breed's contributions to peace and sanity in the midst of their opposites. (Note to Reader: You've got some exceptional writers working for you--please don't let them get away. And toss them a bone now and then, okay?)
Soon after I came to San Diego (1968), I called the City Librarian, and Clara Breed answered the phone. Whatta gal! I wanted to tell her about a book that had been written, typeset and bound by the author(s) (Beverly and) Henry Mockel. It included Henry's serigraphs, and an introductory essay on art that is tops. Breed was very kind and receptive, and the last time I checked, it had not been tossed by her successors. So CHECK IT OUT, so they won't sell it or "recycle" it. "Hot Air From the Desert" is the title.
Some ambitious historian should similarly publicize the work of other notable (and plain good) writers from the region . . . Milicent Lee, Judy van der Veer, and LoVerne Brown leap to mind as exceptionally good. And I suspect that they were all friends of Clara's.
I presume you know about this resource: http://www.janm.org/search/?cx=007400768077602105507%3Aslbs1g4qeyo&cof=FORID%3A11&ie=UTF-8&hl=&q=Clara+Breed&sa.x=0&sa.y=0
Here's another source: http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt2j49q7gs/
Every time I think Jeff Smith can't top himself with his historical articles, he proves me wrong - bravo on another riveting writeup! I look forward to the next -


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Rangers shut down pitcher Neftali Feliz with triceps soreness
Another Rangers pitcher has hit a wall on a rehab assignment.
Right-hander Neftali Feliz, who is coming back from Tommy John surgery, could not get loose over the weekend for his scheduled rehab outing with Triple-A Round Rock. He has been temporarily stopped from throwing after being diagnosed with what the Rangers called "mild triceps soreness." Rangers officials said they do not believe the situation to be serious.
He is just the latest Rangers pitcher to run into an issue on rehab. Colby Lewis' season ended on rehab a week ago. Matt Harrison exited a rehab start on Friday with tingling in his arm and is to be re-evaluated by club orthopedist Dr. Keith Meister.


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MEDELLIN, Colombia (ICIS)--Argentina's largest oil and gas company, state-run YPF, said on Friday that it has extinguished a fire at the country's largest oil refinery.
The company said operations at the 189,000 bbl/day refinery were not affected by the blaze.
"The situation is under control and the refinery is functioning normally," the company said.
Lost production at La Plata refinery is not welcome news for Argentina, which is already a major fuel importer.
Last year, a major fire and flood caused massive damage to a coking unit and distillation unit.
Argentina's government ramped up production at YPF's refineries after President Cristina Kirchner in 2012 seized a 51% stake in the company from its former controlling shareholder, Spain's Repsol.
YPF owns and operates three refineries in Argentina La Plata, Lujan de Cuyo and Plaza Huincul.
The La Plata refinery has the capacity to process all types of crude and produces lubricants, paraffins, aromatics, asphalt and petrochemicals, the company said.


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Right-hander Jason Jennings and the Texas Rangers agreed Friday to a minor league contract that could lead to a major league deal potentially worth up to $2.25 million.
The agreement gives Jennings another chance to rebound from elbow problems that have plagued him since he returned to his home state after six seasons with the Colorado Rockies.
Jennings started just six games for the Rangers last year before season-ending surgery in May to repair a torn flexor tendon in his right elbow. Similar surgery ended his 2007 season with the Houston Astros in August.
The Dallas native was a combined 2-14 with a 6.91 ERA with Texas and Houston. He won 58 games for the Rockies from 2001-06, including a career-best 16 in 2002.
He is guaranteed just $15,000, but if added to the 40-man roster Jennings would receive an $800,000, one-year contract. He would be able to earn an additional $1.45 million in performance bonuses based on innings: $100.000 each for 110, 120 and 130; $200,000 each for 140 and 150; and $150,000 each for 160, 170, 180, 190 and 200.


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Item Discontinued
I really wanted to use an embossed border, I tried to apply ink to the embossing folder for the border but after 3 tries I decided to apply the center rather than the border. Again I colored the stamp rather than inking with a pad. Aside from the new stamp everything is from my stash.
$89.99 $85.49


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The Frontier Airlines World MasterCard is a great card for anyone that wants to earn a couple of free domestic flights very quickly. Their EarlyReturns program offers the cheapest domestic "award pricing" of any North American carrier, at 20,000 miles for a round trip flight, as well as the lowest "award pricing" for flights to the Caribbean, Mexico and Central America at 30,000 miles.
Combine the 40,000 mile bonus (after spending $500) with the lowest priced reward flights and you have yourself two free domestic flights right off the bat. It's even better if you live in Denver, where you can fly direct to just about any Frontier destination!
Sign up Bonus, Rewards and Transfer Options
The Frontier Airlines World MasterCard offers a sign up bonus of 40,000 frequent flyer miles after you spend $500 within the first 90 days of having the card.
Cardholders earn 1 mile per dollar spent on everyday purchases and 2 miles per dollar spent with Frontier Airlines.
Points earned in the first year with the Frontier Airlines World MasterCard
Assume you spend $3,000 per month on the Credit Card in the first 12 months.
+ 40,000 Bonus Miles – Must purchase $500 within the first 90 days
+ 36,000 Miles from Spending – 1:1 ratio of points per dollar charged on the card
= 76,000 Miles earned in the first year. That's enough for:
- 2 Free tickets to great places like Mexico, Dominican Republic or Costa Rica OR
- 3 domestic round trip flights
- 2 Weeks of car rentals with National via the EarlyReturns Partner Program
The Frontier Airlines Card is a World Mastercard, you will also get the following additional benefits:
- $200,000 Worldwide Automatic Travel Accident Insurance
- Reimbursement for expenses if your baggage is delayed or misdirected
- Trip Cancellation / Interruption Insurance
- Mastercard Global Service: 24 hour emergency assistance.
- $0 fraud liability
Our take on the Frontier Airlines World MasterCard
Is it Right for you?
With the 40,000 frequent flyer mile bonus and low award pricing, this is a very good domestic travel credit card. It's not the best card out there, but it is a great card for those that are looking travel domestically or to certain locations in Latin America/Caribbean.
The positives of this card are:
- 40,000 sign up bonus combined with great award pricing – gets you 2 free flights in North America, including Alaska
- Low minimum spend of $500 to get the sign up bonus
- Ability to use miles for rental cars
Some of the drawbacks to this card are:
- Frontier does not offer flights to Europe or Asia – Frontier serves North American, Mexico, Costa Rica and some parts of the Caribbean.
- The annual fee is not waived for the first year
- Frontier charges for checked bags and this card does not give you free baggage like many other co-branded airline cards do
- You might get approved for the lower value, no fee version of this card instead. Barclay reserves the right to approve you for a lower version of the card.
Apply Here with this secure link for the Frontier Airlines World MasterCard.
For a complete list of all Travel Credit Cards go to the Milepro Travel Credit Card Page. On this page you will find all of the best travel credit cards including the best Travel Reward Cards, Airline Mile Cards, Hotel Point Cards and the latest sign up bonus offers.
Know Your Credit Score:
Before you apply for any credit card, you should make sure you have an understanding of your credit score and credit history. Most Travel Credit Card Companies require you to have a strong credit score, ideally they will prefer a FICO score of at least 700.
Once you apply for a credit card, the credit card company will perform a credit inquiry. Be aware that credit inquiries will affect your credit score. Each time you apply for a credit card (or any type of loan for that matter), the inquiry will reduce your score anywhere from 2-5 points.
By law, you are allowed to obtain a free copy of your credit report from each of the credit bureaus once a year. The free annual copies of your credit report will give you all of the data that provides the foundation for your credit score, but the Credit Reports don't provide the Credit Score itself. You will need both your Credit Report and Credit Score to get the full view of your credit situation.
Here are four links to get your Free Credit Score: (Note: CreditReport.com and TransUnion will ask for credit card information to participate in a trial offer, but will not charge you until after the 7 day free trial period. After 6 days you can either continue with the service or cancel and keep your credit score for free. The third and Fourth options, CreditSesame and CreditKarma do not require a credit card and truly are Free.)
- CreditReport.com Free Credit Score
- TransUnion 3 Bureau Credit Report and Free Score
- CreditSesame (no card required – provides Experian Score)
- CreditKarma (no card required – provides TransUnion Score)
Here is the link to get your Free Credit Report:
Finally, please only apply for any travel credit card if you pay your bills in full each month. Carrying a balance on any travel credit card will eliminate the benefit of the travel rewards due to the higher interest rates associated with these cards.


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My Nonprofit Reviews
Review for Camp Quality Michigan, Boyne City, MI, USA
Camp Quality was an amazing, rewarding experience that I will never forget and plan to volunteer again in the future. It was not only extremely well organized but the leaders were very helpful in making sure everything went smooth.
More Feedback
What I've enjoyed the most about my experience with this nonprofit is...
The experience I had with the kids. It was a true eye opening and it lead to to tell alot of people on how rewarding my experience was and they should consider camp quailty.
The kinds of staff and volunteers that I met were...
Extremely kind and helpful throughout the whole camp
If this organization had 10 million bucks, it could...
Change the lives of many kids with cancer and let them realize that they still are normal kids.
How frequently have you been involved with the organization?
One time
When was your last experience with this nonprofit?