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Abstract 1
Association of Short Interpregnancy Interval with Adverse Perinatal Outcomes
Laureane Alvelo-Maldonado, Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico
A short interpregnancy interval is one of the factors that have been recently associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. However, it is still unclear whether it is an independent risk factor or whether the association is due merely to confounding by maternal characteristics. Aim: To evaluate the association between short interpregnancy intervals and three perinatal outcomes (low birth weight, preterm birth and small size for gestational age) in Puerto Rican women aged 13-34 years. Birth certificates of women aged 13-34 years who delivered singleton infants during the period 1990 through 2002 in Puerto Rico were analyzed (409,317 live births). Three separate logistic-regression models were used to determine the magnitude of the association between short interpregnancy interval (<6 months), low birth weight (><2,500 g), preterm birth (><37 weeks of gestation) and SGA (><10th percentile of weight for infants with the same sex and gestational age) controlling for sociodemographics, toxic habits, reproductive history, obstetric history, medical risk factors during pregnancy, complications during labor and congenital anomalies.
As compared with women with 18-23 month interpregnancy intervals, those with ><6 month intervals had higher risks of low birth weight (IOR =1.24, 95% CI=1.17-1.30), preterm birth (IOR=1.30, 95% CI=1.25-1.35) and SGA (IOR=1.28, 95% CI =1.23-1.33) after adjusting for potential confounders. Short interpregnancy intervals are significantly associated to perinatal outcomes. These data underscore the need to educate Puerto Rican women regarding birth spacing in order to achieve better pregnancy outcomes. esire for a better life and job provide additional insights into their lives. These findings, and their relevance for health literacy, will be discussed.
Abstract 2
Adherence to Sexual Transmitted Infection (STI) Examinations Among Filipina Sex Workers: Do Social and Structural Factors Matter?
Chi Chiao, MSc, MSPH, University of California at Los Angeles School of Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences
Since STI is a co-factor of HIV/AIDS, a routine sexual health check-up for female sex workers (FSWs) is considered to be a crucial health preventive behavior for detecting STIs at early stage and reducing the risk of contracting HIV. This study explores the social and structural determinants of medical appointment-keeping adherence for FSWs in the Philippines . Specifically, we examine the relative impact of individual demographic, socioeconomic, family characteristics and establishment traits on the likelihood of FSWs' missed scheduled appointments using a multilevel analytical approach. Multiple sources of information were used, including data from the medical records, face-to-face interviews of FSWs and their managers, respectively, and a contextual data recorded from outreach workers.
By calculating intra-class correlation, 60% of the variance of the compliance rate occurred between establishments (p<.0001). Controlling for the individual-level factors, we also found establishment history and condom use policy are most significant predictors of adherence to medical appointments for FSWs. For the establishment with a condom use policy, the average compliance rates are 12.8% higher on the compliance measure (p><.05) compared to establishments without a policy. For each year of workplace history, the average compliance rate of the establishment increases by 1.4% (p><.05). The findings indicate that establishment background is an important determinant of adherences to kept medical appointments for FSWs, even in the presence of controls for a large number of observed characteristics of individuals, families, and workplaces. Implications for interventions aimed at increasing medical adherence will be discussed.
Abstract 3
Tabletop Exercises with Local Health Departments to Assess Bioterrorism Preparedness
Jamie D. Clark, BS, University of Utah
Other Authors: Stephen C. Alder, PhD; George L. White, Jr., PhD, MSPH; Niki T. Gledhill, BS; and Royce Moser, Jr., MD, MPH
Tabletops are excellent needs assessment exercises because they illustrate agencies' strengths and weaknesses and function as a way to look for target development methods. Smallpox is specifically considered an excellent topic for preparation trainings because of the potential devastating impact it could have on the public's health. The Utah Division of Emergency Services and Homeland Security (DES), in conjunction with the Utah Department of Health (UDOH), conducted eight smallpox tabletop exercises throughout the state of Utah in the summer of 2003 to promote bioterrorism response planning among local health departments, local government, state agencies, hospitals, law enforcement, fire, military, media and non-profit organizations.
These exercises revealed to participants the complex range of issues that will be raised during a bioterrorism event. Participants realized that it is crucial for them to understand what their expected roles and responsibilities will be prior to an event occurring. These tabletop exercises highlight the importance of utilizing a multidisciplinary approach to respond to a bioterrorism event. It is crucial for these agencies to be familiar and comfortable with each other and their plans prior to an emergency to ensure a synchronized response to any public health disaster. Health department staff and resources may be quickly overwhelmed in a smallpox outbreak and may require assistance from outside agencies. It is important for pertinent agencies, including the health department, to identify resources that could provide assistance in a public health emergency prior to one occurring.
Abstract 4
Fruit and Vegetable Availability and Consumption Among Rural Parents Who Frequently Eat Away From Home
Amanda Harrod, Saint Louis University
Other Authors: Kimberly Hessler, Mike Elliot and Debra Haire-Joshu
This abstract utilizes data from High 5 for Kids, a community based dietary change program for parents of preschool children who reside in rural, southeastern Missouri. Parents (n=1254) were primarily young (MN age 28.9 + 7.1), white (77%), overweight (57% with a Body Mass Index (BMI) over 25; MN BMI 27.1+6.2) females (99%) with 59% reporting annual household incomes under $35,000. Thirty-five percent of parents consumed five or more fruits and vegetables (FV) daily (MN intake 4.1+2.1) excluding French fries. Despite twenty-two percent of parents reporting low availability of FV in the home, the main barrier cited to FV intake was taste (44%), not lack of availability in the community (7%). Thirty-eight percent of parents consume food outside of the home 17 or more times per month. The main reason cited for consuming food away from home was convenience (52%). Parents who reported low availability of FV in the home had an increased frequency of food consumption outside of the home (p=0.001). The more often parents eat out, the lower their intake of FV (r=-.09; p=.001) excluding French fries. Eating out was not significantly correlated with weight (r=0.005; p=0.873). Interventions need to consider the influence of foods consumed away from the home among high-risk populations and efforts should be made to improve the quality of the home food environment and address barriers to FV intake.
Abstract 5
Development, Pilot Testing, and Validation of a Knowledge, Awareness, and Practices (KAP) Survey for an Oceanfront Injury Prevention Project
Kennon Kirk, Eastern Virginia Medical School
In a study conducted at the Virginia Beach , VA oceanfront during the summer of 2003, physicians from the Emergency Department at Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters in Norfolk , VA identified several risk factors that were significantly associated with the occurrence of pediatric oceanfront injuries. The risk factors identified were 1) having more than three children in a group, 2) cloudy weather, 3) choppy water, 4) use of sports equipment, and 5) the child having had a water safety class. With support from the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, a division of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, researchers are working with a local health coalition to develop and implement an educational intervention to reduce the incidence of pediatric injuries at the Virginia Beach , VA oceanfront. To evaluate the impact of the intervention, a Knowledge, Awareness, and Practices (KAP) Survey will be used to assess pre- and post-intervention changes in participants' knowledge and behavior. The aim of this study is to develop, pilot test, and validate the KAP survey prior to its administration. Survey content will address items unique to the Virginia Beach oceanfront project as well as information relevant to any intervention designed to reduce oceanfront injuries. Survey validation will involve qualitative survey review and test-retest analysis. Results from this survey validation study will be available by May 29th, 2004.
Abstract 6
The Relationship Between Dairy Products and Ovarian Cancer in the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (BCDDP) Follow-up Cohort
Daniel O. Koralek, Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Other Authors: Elizabeth R. Bertone-Johnson, Michael F. Leitzmann, Susan R. Sturgeon, James V. Lacey, Jr, Catherine Schaier and Arthur Schatzkin
Ovarian cancer is the fifth most commonly diagnosed non skin cancer in adult women in the United States . The wide international variation in ovarian cancer incidence suggests a significant role for environmental factors, including diet, in the etiology of this disease. We prospectively examined the relationship between dairy consumption and, calcium intake, and vitamin D intake and the risk of ovarian cancer. This study was conducted within the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (BCDDP) Follow-up cohort, a prospective cohort study begun in 1979, including 31,926 women. We assessed usual dietary intake using a 62-item block food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model the relationship between diet and ovarian cancer risk, controlling for potential confounding factors.
Total consumption of dairy products was inversely associated with ovarian cancer risk (multivariate RR comparing women with the highest consumption of dairy products to those with the lowest = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.21 – 0.92; p for trend = 0.08). Overall, dietary calcium was inversely associated with the risk of ovarian cancer (multivariate RR comparing Q4 to Q1 = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.23 – 1.01; p for trend = 0.04). After controlling for calcium intake, vitamin D intake was not associated with ovarian cancer risk. Frequent consumption of dairy products and calcium may help reduce the risk of ovarian cancer.
Abstract 7
Why Might Clinicians in Malawi Not Offer HIV-testing to Their Patients?
Chuen-Yen Lau, MD, MS, UCLA School of Public Health,
Other Authors: Adamson S. Muula, MB, BS, MPH; Tilera Dzingomvera, MB, BS; and Gregory Horwitz, PhD
HIV testing may be cost-effective in reducing HIV-related morbidity and mortality. Since Malawi is impacted by HIV/AIDS and detection of cases is sub-optimal, reasons clinicians might not offer HIV testing should be identified. The objective of the study was to identify reasons clinicians in Malawi might not offer HIV testing. Design, Setting and Participants: Cross-sectional, descriptive, postal survey techniques with telephone and fax follow-up were used to collect a census of clinicians in Malawi . Demographic information and reasons for not offering HIV tests were solicited. Proportions were calculated for each reason. Logistic regression was used to determine whether responses differed by demographics.
523 of 982 (53.26%) clinicians responded. Mean age was 43.56+/-12.93. The five most common reasons for not offering tests were: inadequate training in HIV counseling (50.29%); patient unready (49.52%); no indication (35.56%); facilities unavailable (35.37%); and insufficient time (28.87%). Of six professional categories, medical assistants were most likely to give the reason inadequate training in HIV counseling (OR 95% CI (2.27, 5.57)) and less likely to give the reason patient not ready (0.382, 0.893). General practitioners were more likely to give the reason patient not ready (1.087, 3.65) and less likely to give the reason testing facility unavailable (0.214, 0.800). Differences in reasons for not offering HIV tests amongst clinician groups were few. Thus development of one general program based on common reasons identified in this study could be effective in increasing HIV testing rates. Further investigation of the identified reasons should be undertaken to facilitate program development.
ed drugs. Conclusions: HIV-prevention strategies should be tailored to address the specific needs and characteristics of rural stimulant users.
Abstract 8
An Evaluation of HealthTrak Georgia in Increasing Health Policy Awareness in Georgia
Candace M. Marshall, Morehouse School of Medicine
In Georgia , there is no centralized source of web-based technology that provides information on health policies. The creation of a web initiative that provides access to current information on healthcare legislation, regulation and policy options for Georgia would help to bring healthcare policy issues to its residents. HealthTrak Georgia , an educational initiative of the Womens Policy Group and HealthCare Foundation of Georgia, was created to increase the awareness of health policy and foster minority community involvement in policy development. HealthTrak Georgia components include a web site that allows consumers to track health care legislation throughout the state in addition to educational forums to discuss prevalent health issues. HealthTrak Georgia emphasizes 12 Priority Areas of Public Health critical to eliminating disparities and improving health outcomes for Georgians. HealthTrak Georgia forums were held in two of the twelve health service delivery regions outlined by the Department of Human Resources. The participants were surveyed to determine their demographics, attitudes and perceptions regarding the forums. Findings indicated that over 50% of the participants were Caucasian women with graduate degrees. 98% of the participants felt that the forums presented relevant health policy issues and would be a valuable resource for health policy education.
Abstract 9
Equine West Nile Virus: Does the Current Passive Surveillance System Work?
Sherry Meeks, University of Oklahoma College of Public Health
Other Authors: Johnny Gilpen and Staci Myers
West Nile Virus (WNV) is a zoonotic infection that was first diagnosed in Oklahoma in 2002 and that often infects equines and humans. The active surveillance was conducted by contacting sixty-nine veterinarians working in fifty-three clinics. The passive surveillance system currently in use in Oklahoma is managed by the Oklahoma State Health Department (OSHD). Twenty-five (36.2%) veterinarians working in sixteen clinics (30.2%) had diagnosed and treated WNV in at least one equine residing in Oklahoma County . Our active surveillance system identified 105 equines diagnosed with WNV in Oklahoma County during 2002, of which 34 (32.3%) had been reported to the OSHD. This is compared to the 72 cases of equine WNV identified by the OSHD.
Our study suggests a difference in reported cases depending on the method of surveillance utilized. Passive surveillance resulted in lower numbers of reported equine cases than active surveillance. This study emphasizes the need for improved surveillance methods when dealing with emerging infectious diseases.
Abstract 10
Socioeconomic Disparity is Linked With Disparity in Type and Availability of Physical Activity Facilities
Melissa C. Nelson, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Other Authors: Penny Gordon-Larsen and Barry M. Popkin
Little is known about environmental determinants of physical activity. This study examined modifiable environmental factors that may contribute to disparities in activity and obesity in the US . This sample included 45,781 census block groups from a nationally representative youth cohort. Using Geographic Information Systems, US Census data were linked with physical activity facilities data (primarily from Digital Yellow Pages). Facilities were categorized by type (e.g., private, public, instructional). Low socioeconomic status (SES) neighborhoods (n=4,144) were those in the highest quintile of minorities, highest quintile of households with income <$30,000, and lowest quintile of households with greater than high school education. High SES neighborhoods (n=2,336) were in the lowest quintile of minority population, lowest quintile of income, and highest quintile of education. Logistic regression predicted the odds that facilities were located in a high versus low SES neighborhood, controlling population density.
Seventy-four percent of low SES neighborhoods had zero facilities compared to 63% of high SES neighborhoods. High SES neighborhoods were more likely to have a variety of facilities types (parks (odds ratio=5.2); public (4.6), instructional (6.0), fee (8.6), and member (30.2) facilities). Youth organizations were not differently distributed between low and high SES neighborhoods. Low SES, high minority neighborhoods were less likely to have a variety of physical activity resources. This inequitable distribution of recreation opportunities may underlie disparities in activity and obesity patterns, and promoting accessible and affordable resources for physical activity in low SES neighborhoods will be an important direction for public policy.
Abstract 11
The Impact of Becoming a Parent on Leisure Time Physical Activity (PA): The CARDIA Study
Emily D. Parker, University of Minnesota
PA is inversely associated with future risk of several diseases including coronary heart disease, diabetes, and some cancers. Changes in life such as parenting and marital status may influence changes in PA differently in men and women, due, for example, to differential time pressures and child care responsibilities. Self-reported leisure time PA, parenting and marital status were measured at baseline (1985/86), and 2,5,7,10, and 15 years later among 2,318 young adult black and white men and women in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) Study who were childless at baseline. PA in arbitrary exercise units was estimated based on frequency and intensity. Parenting status was determined by the total number of children (biological and otherwise) living full-time with the participant. Repeated measures regression was used to predict PA at each follow-up exam.
After adjusting for BMI, alcohol, smoking, education, job and marital status, becoming a parent was associated with a greater decrease in PA among women compared to men (Table). CONCLUSIONS: Having children is associated with a greater reduction in PA among women, than men. Time spent caring for children may help explain differences in leisure time PA among men and women.
Abstract 12
Geographic and Socioeconomic Distribtuion of Risk for Asthma Hospitalization of Adults Living in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Rosemari Ramos, MPH, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health
Other Authors: Evelyn O. Talbott, DrPH; Ada Youk, PhD; and Meryl H. Karol, PhD
To be consistent with the Centers for Disease Control's (CDC's) goal to improve local asthma surveillance, we utilized local hospital discharge data to assess the rates and geographic distribution of adult asthma hospitalizations in Allegheny County , Pennsylvania. Hospitalization data was obtained from the Pennsylvania Cost Containment Council. The population of interest was adults 19-64 years of age that had been hospitalized for asthma from 1999-2001 in Allegheny County . Age-adjusted, age-specific, and group-specific rates for asthma hospitalization were assessed for the county. ARC-VIEW GIS mapping software was used to visualize the geographic distribution of these rates in each of the 72 zip codes within Allegheny County . For the zip codes that had "higher than expected" rates, standardized incidence ratios (SIR) with corresponding confidence intervals were calculated.
Adult asthma hospitalization rates for the county were similar to those published by the CDC. The gender and age-related disparity of hospitalizations that is reported by the CDC is also observed. When assessing the rates in each of the 72 zip codes within Allegheny County , 31 zip codes had rates that were higher than expected. Twelve zip codes, located predominantly in the Southeastern quadrant of the county, had rates that were significantly higher. Logistic regression analysis suggests a significant contribution of select socio-economic and demographic characteristics. We find that in Allegheny County there is a geo-specific distribution risk of hospitalization due to asthma which is significantly influenced by socioeconomic factors related to income and demographic characteristics related to race.
Abstract 13
Epidemiology of Anemia Among 4- to 17-month Children
Emily Siegel, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Risk factors for anemia have not been characterized for young children in rural Nepal . We described the distribution of hemoglobin and prevalence of anemia in 569 4- to 17-month Nepali children by age, sex, caste, socio-economic status, morbidity, anthropometry, and dietary indicators. Participants were identified from census data collected in one of 30 village development committees (VDCs) in Sarlahi District and enrolled in a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial between January and March 2002. Hemoglobin and erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) were measured at baseline using a heel prick technique. The mean hemoglobin concentration was 101 g/L +/- 12.5. Among the young children, 60.3 % were anemic (hemoglobin < 105 g/L), 2.0% were severely anemic (hemoglobin < 7.0 g/L), and 74% of the anemic cases were associated with iron deficiency (EP < 70 umol/mol). Growth was delayed; 30.8% were stunted, 18.1% were wasted, and 50.7% were underweight. Bivariate analyses revealed age, caste, socio-economic status, dietary diversity, acute respiratory infection, stunting, and underweight to be associated with hemoglobin concentration and/or anemia. We did not observe sex differences to be present. In multivariate models, age and caste were found to be strong predictors of both hemoglobin concentration and anemia. The 15- to 17-month age group and the three caste groups remained significant (p < 0.05) after controlling for EP. We conclude that moderate anemia is a serious problem among infants in the first two years of life living in rural, southeast central Nepal.
Abstract 14
Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Chronic Ulcers of Hansen's Disease
Malaya Santos, MD, Tulane University
Neurotrophic ulcers, extremely common in Hansen¹s Disease (HD), present a therapeutic challenge as they are chronic, recurrent and difficult to treat. Occasionally squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can develop in chroniculcers. Three patients with biopsy-proven SCC in ulcers were identified from the records of the National Hansen¹s Disease Program. All had lepromatous HD of at least 20 years duration, inactive at the time they developed SCC, with multiple neurologic deficits and secondary deformities. Malignant degeneration occurred in non-healing ulcers located in the foot or ankle, ranging induration from four to thirty years. Two patients underwent below-knee amputation, and the third, amputation of the affected toe. Histopathologic examination revealed SCC in all three patients. Two patients had good post-operative function with no evidence of metastasis and no recurrence to date. However, the third patient developed metastases to local and regional lymphnodes, and to the lungs, and died 7 months after being diagnosed with SCC. The mechanism of malignant degeneration is not precisely understood, but chronic irritation and infection, with resulting degeneration and regeneration have been implicated, as well as decreased vascularity and a weakened epithelium unable to withstand carcinogens. However, its occurrence reminds us of the need for follow up in treated HD. The poor outcome in our third patient also emphasizes that SCC in trophic ulcers in leprosy, despite an indolent nature, can be lethal. A high index of suspicion is needed, in order to provide early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Abstract 15
A Descriptive Study of Cancers in People Living With HIV/AIDS in New York State - Before and After the Introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Kumara Singaravelu, School of Public Health, University at Albany, SUNY
Other Authors: Alvaro Carrascal, Punkin C. Stephens, Dennis Tsui and Thomas Chesnut
Recent studies have shown the changing epidemiology of cancers in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), since the advent of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in late 1996. This study on the SPARCS (Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System) hospital discharge data and the Medicaid claims data is to observe the trends of these cancers amongst PLWHA in New York State. Hospital discharges with ICD-9 diagnoses for HIV/AIDS and malignancies were extracted for the years 1994-2002 from SPARCS and using existing screening protocols, Medicaid recipients with HIV/AIDS and malignancies were identified for the years 1993-2001. The years 1996 and before were classified as pre-HAART, and the years 1997 and after, as post –HAART for further analysis. Rates were calculated per 100,000 hospitalizations with HIV/AIDS for the SPARCS data and per 100,000 Medicaid recipients with HIV/AIDS for the Medicaid claims data.
In both the databases, significant decline in rates was observed for AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, while invasive cervical carcinoma and non-AIDS related cancers of the colon, anus, liver, pancreas, lung, larynx, female breast, prostate, Hodgkin's disease and multiple myeloma showed significant increases in the post- HAART period. With PLWHA living longer, non-AIDS related cancers may be an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. PLWHA, clinicians and policy makers need to be made aware of these changing risks in PLWHA to institute appropriate screening and prevention measures.
Abstract 16
Is Asthma Related to Atopic Dermatitis Among Hispanic School Children in Puerto Rico?
Leslianne Soto-Class, Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico
Asthma and atopic dermatitis are diseases that are increasing in United States and worldwide especially among schoolchildren. In Puerto Rico the prevalence of both diseases on children are unknown. It is important to determine if there is an association between asthma and atopic dermatitis. For this reason a cross-sectional study was designed to estimate the asthma prevalence on schoolchildren in a coastal municipality (Humacao) of Puerto Rico. The study population consisted of all children attending the second grade of privates and public schools in the School District of Humacao. A questionnaire, designed by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC), was modified and validate to determine the prevalence of asthma and atopic dermatitis. The questionnaire was sent with the children to the parents for its completion. The response rate was 52%. To evaluate the possible correlation between both diseases the prevalence odds ratio was estimated. The prevalence odds ratio was 3.19 (IC 95%: 1.94, 5.25). A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relation of asthma and atopic dermatitis. The prevalence of both diseases was high; the prevalence of asthma was 21.5% and the prevalence for atopic dermatitis was 22.3%. The results of this study points out that further research should be conducted to evaluate not only the biological plausibility of the observation but also the inclusion of both criteria in any health intervention geared toward this highly susceptible population.
Abstract 17
Epidemiology of Nonfatal Injuries Among Urban and Rural Residents
Hope Tiesman, University of Iowa
Other Authors: C. Zwerling, M. Warner, C. Peek-Asa, N. Sprince and P. Whitten
It is well-established that injuries are a leading cause of mortality in the US and strong associations between injury mortality and degree of rurality have been demonstrated. However, a description of the disparities in non-fatal injury rates by rurality is currently lacking. The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is an ongoing, nation-wide, survey that monitors the health of the noninstitutionalized civilian population each year based on a multistage probability sampling design. Using data from the 1997-2001 NHIS, we examined nonfatal injury rates using four levels of rurality. All participants aged 18 to 65 years of age who had a non-fatal medically attended injury were selected for the analysis. Rates per 1000 persons and their associated standard errors were computed using SUDAAN. Counties were coded according to Urban Influence Codes (UIC) and were categorized into four groups; large urban, small urban, suburb with some urban influence, and rural. Preliminary data indicate that the rural counties have injury rates of 121.3, which are 27% higher than the large urban counties. Higher rural rates persisted within all income and gender categories as well as within persons of Caucasian race, younger age groups and higher education categories. Rural counties also experienced higher rates for falls and overexertion injuries as well as injuries sustained while engaged in leisure activities or work around the house. The results suggest that rural residents have uniformly higher injury rates and potentially have unique risks for injury morbidity. Understanding why these differences exist should be a priority for researchers.


text: 15th Annual Tri Arkansas Open Water Swim WEBSITE ADD TO Trip Planner 1500 meter open water swim competition. Held in the crystal clear waters of DeGray Lake. For ages 12 and over. Get Directions Gas Calculator Details Dates: August 10, 2013 Venue: DeGray Lake Spillway Area Address: Skyline DriveArkadelphia, AR 71923 Admission: Price varies Website: www.DLTevents.com Phone: 870-246-6686 Contact: Fred Phillips Email: email@example.com

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Arkansas River Lowlands and Wellington-McPherson Lowlands:
Rocks and Minerals
(From the Kansas Geological Survey-1999
"The Arkansas River Lowlands and the Wellington-McPherson Lowlands, though separated into different physiographic regions, are geologically similar. Both regions are relatively flat alluvial plains, made up of sand, silt, and gravel that was dumped by streams and rivers. The Arkansas River Lowlands is made up of rocks deposited by the Arkansas River during the last 10 million years as the river flowed through Kansas from its source high in the Rocky Mountains. In the Rockies, the Arkansas is supplied with runoff, snowmelt, and rock debris that weathers from the mountains, but as it moves out onto the High Plains, it receives little in the way of additional water. In fact, it loses water to its sandy riverbed. As its flow decreases, the river's ability to carry sediments also diminishes and it begins to dump its sediment load. It changes from a degrading stream (one that cuts downward in its channel) to an aggrading stream (one that builds up the riverbed). The Wellington-McPherson Lowlands of south-central Kansas is also developed on alluvial deposits. This sand, silt, and gravel was eroded from slightly older rocks in the High Plains to the north, then carried by streams flowing south into the Arkansas River between one and two million years ago, during the Pleistocene Epoch. The Wellington-McPherson Lowlands sit on top of one of the largest salt deposits in the world. Known as the Hutchinson salt bed, this deposit underlies much of central Kansas and is as much as 400 feet thick in places. Another important underground feature of the Wellington McPherson Lowlands is the Equus Beds aquifer. The Equus Beds is made up of thick (more than 250 feet) deposits of silt, sand, and gravel, in many places saturated with water. This aquifer is an important source of water for Wichita, McPherson, Newton, and other communities in this region. These Pliocene- and Pleistocene- age deposits were named for fossils of Ice Age horses that were found among the unconsolidated deposits (equus is the Latin word for horse). Sand dunes, formed by wind and water, occur in many places in both regions. Most of these dunes are covered with grass and other vegetation, which keeps the sand from shifting. Such sand dunes are considered inactive—that is, they are no longer moving in response to wind and water."
Common Rocks and Minerals
"Gypsum.—A common mineral in Kansas, gypsum is made up of calcium sulfate with two molecules of water (CaSO4•2H20). (Calcium sulfate without water is the mineral anhydrite.) It is colorless or white to light gray (or, rarely, bright red), and is so soft that it can be scratched by a fingernail. Gypsum is divided into three varieties. The first, selenite, consists of flat, clear, diamond-shaped crystals. The second variety is called satin spar. It is white or pink, fibrous, and has a silky luster. It is found as thin layers in beds of rock gypsum and in certain shales. The third
variety, called massive or rock gypsum, is coarsely to finely granular, white to gray, and contains varying amounts of impurities. In the Wellington- McPherson Lowlands and the Arkansas River Lowlands, gypsum is found in the shales of the Wellington Formation. In the Arkansas River Lowlands, gypsum crops out in Wichita along Gypsum Creek, which drains the eastern part of the city. Both selenite and satin spar can be collected from these shales."
"Sand.—Found abundantly in Kansas, sand is a loose, unconsolidated material formed from the breaking down or weathering of older rocks and from the transportation and sorting of rock fragments by moving water or by wind. Sand particles range in size from 0.625 mm and 2 mm, larger than silt particles but smaller than pebbles. Kansas sand is composed mostly of quartz. Sand also contains igneous and metamorphic minerals formed outside the state and transported here by running water. Sand is common throughout the Arkansas and Kansas river valleys. In the Arkansas River Lowlands, sand dunes are common south of the river but rare north of the river. This leads geologists to speculate that the prevailing winds were from the north during the time of deposition, which was during the glaciations of the Pleistocene Epoch (1.6 million to 10,000 years ago). At that time, huge ice sheets to the north may have created winds from the north, the opposite of today's patterns, in which winds generally come from the south. Gypsum Creek, Wichita."
" Salt. —Halite, common table salt, is composed of sodium chloride (NaCl). Most salt crystals are transparent and colorless cubes, but impurities may impart a brilliant red, blue, or yellow color. Broken fragments may be very nearly cube-shaped. Halite is easy to identify because it has a salty taste and dissolves easily in water. Salt is an evaporite, which means it is formed by the evaporation of water. (Other evaporites are gypsum and anhydrite.) Salt rarely forms outcrops because rain and ground water dissolve salt that is exposed at the surface. In Kansas, salt is found in thick beds in Permian rocks deep underground, the largest of which is the Hutchinson salt bed, which underlies approximately 37,000 square miles in central Kansas. This salt was deposited by the evaporation of a shallow arm of the Permian sea, which was cut off from the open ocean. When that shallow arm evaporated, it left behind thick layers of gray shale, salt, and gypsum. These deposits were subsequently buried by younger sediments and remained hidden for millions of years until salt was accidentally discovered near Hutchinson in 1887 by drillers looking for oil and gas. Salt was also discovered in Wellington in 1887. However, because this Sumner County town is near the eastern edge of the Hutchinson salt bed, the salt was only about 50 feet thick and the salt mine that opened there soon failed. Today salt mines operate in Rice, Reno, and Ellsworth counties."
Places to Visit
"Gypsum Creek. —To see examples of gypsum in the Wichita area, go to Gypsum Creek's intersection with South Woodlawn Street, just north of the Kansas turnpike (I-35) overpass. Walk eastward up the creek bed for about 200 yards. As you walk along the gypsum ledge overhanging the creek, note the sulfuric smell. Washing from the shale bottom of Gypsum Creek, along the creek bottom and sand bars, are good selenite crystals and some satin spar. Specimens may be collected at this location. Sand Hills State Park.—A good place to see sand dunes in the Arkansas River Lowlands is Sand Hills State Park, a few miles northeast of Hutchinson in Reno County. The water table underneath these grass covered dunes is so close to the surface that you can almost hit water by digging with your hands. To get to the park, follow Kansas Highway 81 north out of Hutchinson for approximately two miles."
"Quivira National Wildlife Refuge. —This wildlife refuge in northeastern Stafford County lies in the transition zone between the relatively lush vegetation of the eastern prairie and the more arid grasslands of the western prairie. Big and Little Salt marshes, located within the refuge, provide food, cover, and a resting place for thousands of waterfowl migrating between breeding and wintering areas. The salty surface waters and salt flats at Quivira are caused by natural saltwater in the underlying bedrock, which is discharged in the vicinity. The average salinity of Little Salt Marsh is approximately 2,500 parts per million (ppm); that of Big Salt Marsh ranges from 5,000 to 10,000 ppm. (The salinity of seawater is 19,000 ppm, and the upper limit for drinking water is about 250 ppm)."
Buchanan, Rex C., and McCauley, James R., 1987, Roadside Kansas—A Traveler's Guide to Its Geology and Landmarks: Lawrence, Kansas, University Press of Kansas, 365 p.
Buchanan, Rex C., Tolsted, Laura L., and Swineford, Ada, 1986, Kansas Rocks and Minerals: Kansas Geological Survey, Educational Series 2, 60 p.
Evans, Catherine S., 1988, From Sea to Prairie—A Primer of Kansas Geology: Kansas Geological Survey, Educational Series 6, 60 p.
Jackson, Julia A., editor, 1997, Glossary of Geology (Fourth Edition): Alexandria, Virginia, American Geological Institute, 769 p.
Kansas Geological Survey. 1999. Arkansas River Lowlands and Wellington-McPherson Lowlands: Rocks and Minerals. This fact sheet was compiled by Kansas Geological Survey staff (April 1999).< http//:www.kgs.ukans.edu/Extension/home.html/>
Sawin, Robert S., and Buchanan, Rex C., eds., 1996, Field Guide—Kansas Water Issues: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 96-23, 65 p.
Sawin, Robert S., and Buchanan, Rex C., eds., 1997, Field Guide—Urban Expansion and Natural Resources—Land Use, Water, and the Environment: Kansas Geological Survey. Open-file Report 97-37, 53 p.
Skelton, Lawrence, 1997, Wichita's Building Blocks—A Guide to Building Stones and Geological Features: Kansas Geological Survey, Educational Series 11, 28 p.
Wilson, Frank W., 1978, Kansas Landscapes—A Geologic Diary: Kansas Geological Survey, Salt flats at Quivira National Wildlife Refuge, Stafford County.Educational Series 5, 50 p.


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BOSTON (CBS) – Two new polls in the Massachusetts governor's race released Friday show Gov. Deval Patrick and Republican challenger Charlie Baker in a dead heat, just four days before the election.
A State House News poll of 400 registered voters taken Monday through Wednesday shows Patrick leading Baker by three points, 40-to-37 percent. 7 percent said they're still undecided and the margin of error in the survey is 4.8 percent.
The latest Rasmussen Reports survey of 750 likely voters taken Wednesday has Patrick edging Baker by two points, 46-to-44 percent. One percent are not sure who they will vote for. The margin of error is 4-percent.
"What stands out the most to me is that Governor Patrick is popular personally, even though his job performance is viewed negatively by most people," State House News Pollster Gerry Chervinsky said on their web site.
"He has gone from unfavorable to favorable personally while his job-performance numbers have stayed low. You don't see that very often. Job performance and favorability usually go hand in hand. What strikes me is that we have an incumbent governor a majority thinks is not doing a good job, who's about to get re-elected. That's surprising," Chervinsky said
A Suffolk University poll released late Thursday night showed Patrick with a seven-point lead over Baker.


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$256.50 $285.00
A century ago women would wear decorative chains on their belts that dangled with beautifully designed everyday tools such as sewing tapes, thimble holders, needle cases, pads of paper, mirrors, and other household tools. These decorative collections were called chatelaines and exquisite pieces were made in solid sterling silver or gold. This beautiful, antique sterling silver bauble was once part of an old chatelaine now dating over 110 years in age. This particular piece was an old cheroot holder. You can treasure this pendant as an historic treasure and keep the cheroot holder inside the case. Or, you can take it out and fill the beautifully engraved sterling silver case with a love note, photograph, or tiny treasure. The pendant is fully hallmarked and dangles from a new sterling silver chain as timeless sterling silver necklace with a story.
Necklace Chain Length: 21 inches
Chatelaine Pendant: 50mm x 11mm (2 inches)
Hallmarks: maker's mark, "F.W," an anchor for Birmingham, England's assay office, a lion passant for solid sterling silver, and the date letter "h" for 1907
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Frolicon 2013
March 28-31, 2013
Atlanta, GA
About Frolicon 2013
Frolicon, a convention like no other, is happening March 28-31, 2013, and will take place in Atlanta, GA. Frolicon is a "naughty" convention for those 18+. Think virgin sacrifices, live-action candyland, drag queens, art, spanking, sex, massages, pagan rituals, and parties, lots and lots of parties.
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Biodiversity, MDGs top Helen Clark's Tanzania agendaMay 10, 2010
They also discussed how the "Delivering as One" programme has made a significant contribution to anti-poverty strategies and how to make Tanzania's economic growth more inclusive to all Tanzanians.
Helen Clark was in Zanzibar yesterday where she met with the President of the island, Amani Abeid Karume. She also visited the Jozani-Chwaka Bay Conservation Area, the single most important site for the conservation of Zanzibar's biodiversity. UNDP supported the creation of the park and the Government of Zanzibar to put in place policies and legislative processes for the conservation of biodiversity there.
The Jozani-Chwaka Bay Conservation Area consists of a protected core area of 21 square miles and a buffer zone of 30 square miles. It is the single most important site for the conservation of Zanzibar's biodiversity.
Chwaka Bay is a shallow open bay that supports the largest block of mangrove forest on Zanzibar and a wintering population of Crab Plovers, a species of bird that is unique in making use of ground warmth to incubate its eggs. The buffer zone of the protected area includes coral reef and a considerable variety of unique habitats.
The area is home to unique species of birds, plants, invertebrates and mammals, including the Red Colobus Monkey and Ader's Duiker, that are threatened, and the Zanzibar Leopard, which may have disappeared as it has not been recorded for two years.
The area is a growing tourist attraction. The Jozani Forest welcomes 20,000 visitors per year, more than 17% of the total visitors to Zanzibar. Traditionally the forest and surrounding areas have provided major forest resources, particularly timber, building poles, fuel wood, bush meat, and soil for shifting agriculture.
But degradation of the environment from unsustainable harvesting of forest resources, the growing tourism industry as well as the absence of alternative livelihoods has put a strain on the area's biodiversity and ecosystem.
UNDP supported the creation of a National Park - which protects the Jozani Forest - and worked with the government in Zanzibar to enact policies and legislative processes for the conservation of its biodiversity, which is key to sustaining the livelihoods of the local communities.
The Jozani Forest is now managed by a community-led organization that gives 65 percent of the proceeds from managing the park back to the local community. Up to 90 percent of the association's staff are locals from the villages situated within the national park.
In addition, the project has created opportunities for the sustainable management of natural resources. Thanks to a savings and credit schemes, it has provided cash to help new economic activities to grow. Alternative activities like mushroom growing, beekeeping, handicraft, vegetable farming and savings and credit have been established, curbing unsustainable practices and promoting livelihoods. The position of women has been enhanced through increased revenues.
"A lot of tropical forests are endangered, yet they are so rich in biodiversity," said Helen Clark, adding that "this is the Year of Biodiversity 2010".
Describing the Jozani-Chwaka Bay Conservation Area, she said "this is one of the top 25 biodiversity hot spots in the world". "It tells you how important it is to maintain this unique place, with its specific species of plants that produce so many benefits".
"It's been great to see UNDP mobilize resources, including from the GEF, to engage communities in the protection of these incredible forests and to see the community is able to benefit from micro-credit schemes, women able to generate more money, more children able to go to schools. There can be a lot of positive spin-offs when the communities are engaged behind an initiative like this."
Anu Hautalampi
Communications Specialist
firstname.lastname@example.com ; +255.78.845.8989


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Police say 39-year-old Orlando Guyton of Old Yorkville Road in Columbus should be considered armed and dangerous. He is suspected of cutting another man in the face Wednesday night during a dispute.
Anyone with information should call Crime Stoppers or Columbus Police.
In an unrelated case, a Columbus man is charged with sexually assaulting a juvenile girl.
Police say 21-year-old Danzel Latham was arrested following an incident this week. Police were called after the girl's mother found out about the incident.
Latham and the girl's family know each other.
He is free on $25,000 bond pending a Dec. 20 hearing in city court.
Meanwhile, a Tupelo police officer is cleared of any wrong doing in a July fatal shooting.
The Lee County Grand Jury reviewed an investigation by the Mississippi Bureau of Investigation and found the July 30 shooting death of 22-year-old Gregory Martinez Hughes did not warrant criminal charges.
The Verona man was shot in the chest after he pulled a small-caliber handgun and fired a shot at two Tupelo officers who responded to a shots fired call at Barley Courts apartments on Highway 145.
The officer, who has not been named, is transitioning back to full-time patrol duties.


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X-FILES fans worldwide were recently given great reason to rejoice with Fox's announcement of the return of Chris Carter's hit series an astounding thirteen years after its original run. However, THE X-FILES isn't Carter's only series with a legion of fans pining for a return, with some pondering if Carter may also go as far as to bring back MILLENNIUM and its figurehead, Frank Black.Read more »
Books/Art/Culture,News Camilla Jackson
Exclusive DVDetails/art: "THE JOKESTERS" are no laughing matter!News Michael Gingold
A scary prank goes very, very wrong in THE JOKESTERS, an independent horror feature that yuks it up this summer. We've got the exclusive word on the release date, DVD features and the first look at the cover art.Read more »
Remake Roulette: "LIFEFORCE", "THE HOWLING" and More…Movies/TV,News Ken W. Hanley
Let's face it: as long as the film business includes the word "business" in its title, there will always be remakes. At this point, it's not even worth it to get upset; after all, the original will always continue to exist, even in the shadow of a remake or reboot. So with that said, it's time to address the newest round of remake announcements.Read more »
"THE HALLOW" (Stanley Film Festival Review)Movies/TV,News,Reviews Ken W. Hanley
Once in a while, the horror genre just needs a damn good monster movie. Thanks to trends in studio horror, fright fans are often saddled with gritty exploitation-adjacent genre films, minimalist ghost stories or psychologically taxing tales of psychopathia on a regular basis. So when a movie like THE HALLOW comes along, to call it refreshing would be an understatement, especially one as effectively scary and gorgeous as Corin Hardy's creature feature.Read more »
Fantasia festival 2015: Poster revealed, first wave of movies announced!Movies/TV,News Michael Gingold
Every year, we look forward to the celebration of fantastic film in all its forms that is Montreal's Fantasia festival, and this year looks to be as exciting as always. Read on for the initial round of movies (including a number of notable premieres) and a first look at the event's poster!Read more »
Q&A: Abigail Breslin on Playing Undead for "MAGGIE"Fearful Features,Home,Movies/TV,News Michael Gingold
To play a teenager slowly succumbing to a zombie virus, who better to cast than a young actress who considers THE EXORCIST a bedtime story? Starring opposite Arnold Schwarzenegger in MAGGIE, Abigail Breslin is a living dead girl who's heartbreaking rather than horrifying, and took some time to talk to FANGORIA in this exclusive interview.Read more »
Toronto: Comic Book Legend Steve Niles coming to Horror-Rama!Books/Art/Culture,News Fangoria Staff
HORROR-RAMA, the two-day fan event that celebrated its inaugural year last October in Toronto to great acclaim, returns again… bigger, bloodier and weirder than ever! The show, the brainchild of SUSPECT Video owner Luis Ceriz and FANGORIA/GOREZONE editor Chris Alexander, will run for two days– October 17th and 18th– in Toronto at the elegant Hyatt Regency hotel, located right in the heart of downtown Toronto beside film culture hub TIFF Bell Lightbox. More vendors. More space. More guests. More fun…Read more »
Exclusive Clip: "THE PYRAMID" Blu-ray Explores Real Pyramid PerilsMovies/TV,News Ken W. Hanley
In the past few weeks, FANGORIA has spoken to both actress Ashley Hinshaw and director Greg Levasseur about last year's R-rated found footage creature feature, THE PYRAMID. Now, with the film hitting DVD/Blu-ray today from 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment, FANGORIA has an exclusive clip from the disc itself, which details the terrifying truth behind the macabre myths of the film…Read more »
Stanley Film Festival '15: Award Winners Announced, 2016 Edition ConfirmedBooks/Art/Culture,News Ken W. Hanley
For those following FANGORIA on social media, you may have noticed our coverage of the Stanley Film Festival last weekend, which included multiple incredible films, a one-of-a-kind immersion game and some live events that would make the gruesome gods of horror proud. And now, the festival has officially come to a close with the announcement of the 2015 Award Winners, as well as the first official confirmation that the Stanley Film Festival will return in 2016.Read more »
Caption Contest Results: 4/27 – 5/01Contests,News Ken W. Hanley
FANGORIA fanatics! If you're one of the thousands who follow us on Twitter, you're likely familiar with our daily Caption Contests! Now, due to the overwhelmingly positive response, we're highlighting the best entries of the week for the world to see! So without further ado…Read more »
"PRIVATE NUMBER" (Movie Review)Home,Movies/TV,News,Reviews Michael Gingold
"I want to be Stephen King," says Michael Lane (Hal Ozsan) in PRIVATE NUMBER. On evidence of this movie, so does writer/director LazRael Lison, but you know what the Rolling Stones once sang.Read more »
Exclusive Poster: William Malone is back with "THALLIUM'S BOX"Movies/TV,News Ken W. Hanley
Out of all the esteemed contributors to MASTERS OF HORROR, HOUSE ON HAUNTED HILL (1999) director William Malone is among the most underrated. The director's striking visual eye, undeniable genre experience and understanding of what really scares people is inimitable. Yet with almost 7 years since his last time in the director's chair, the genre has been missing Malone for far too long, which means that his recent announcement to Kickstart his latest endeavor, THALLIUM'S BOX, is an exciting potential prospect. And now, FANGORIA has an exclusive first look at THALLIUM'S BOX with an alternate poster from artist Christian Francis, which you can see below!Read more »


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Female Labor Force Participation in Urbanization Process: The Case of Turkey
Urbanization -as a worldwide pheonemenon- has increased its pace especially in the twentieth century in all over the World. Turkey is no exception of this process. In Turkey, urbanization has been accelerated since 1950 and it still carries on by increasing its speed. While only 25% of the population had lived in cities in 1927, nowadays this portion of the population has reached to aproximately 70.0 %. Like in many developing countries, women in rural labor markets of Turkey mostly work as unpaid family workers in agriculture and in some non-market activities such as home production and voluntary jobs. It is observed that from 1950's to today women's labor force participation rates (LFPRs) in urban areas have been diminished dramatically. Besides other factors that reduces women's LFP in urban areas, ongoing migration from rural to urban areas seems to play the dominant role in this result. It appears that as a result of migration rural female workers are left without any jobs in the cities. Several factors can be taken into account to explain this transformation such as; cultural values against women's participation in market work, women's lack of education and marketable skills, unfavorable labor market conditions and increases in enrollment rates in all levels of schooling. In this paper, we have explained the characteristics, causes and dimensions of female labor force participation in urbanization process of Turkey.
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- Gundogan, Naci & Bicerli, Mustafa Kemal & Aydin, Ufuk, 2005. "The working poor: a comparative analysis," MPRA Paper 5096, University Library of Munich, Germany.
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Recent studies show a growing link between sleep disorders and a variety of serious health problems, including obesity, diabetes, heart disease, inability to concentate and depression. It's estimated that about 70 million people have sleep-related problems, while about 40 million people suffer from actual sleep disorders. Lack of quality sleep creates fatigue but, more importantly, snoring and sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea and restless leg syndrome, can make getting a good night's sleep extremely difficult and contribute to the development of chronic diseases.For those who experience trouble sleeping (or their loved ones), Crouse Hospital is presenting "Tired of Being Tired?," a seminar scheduled for 6:30 p.m. – 7:30 p.m. on Thursday, July 12. Stephen Alkins, MD, medical director of the Sleep Center at Crouse Hospital, and David Wolfe, MSEd, RT, RPSGT, AE-C, educational coordinator, will be the featured speakers.
This free program, part of the hospital's ongoing community health education series, will provide a comprehensive overview of the causes of sleeplessness and the latest in the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders. The program will be held at the hospital's Marley Education Center, 765 Irving Avenue. To register call 472-2464. Free parking is available in the Marley garage and Crouse Hospital garage. The six-bed Sleep Center at Crouse Hospital is accredited by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, a national professional organization that sets the highest standards in sleep medicine diagnosis and treatment.
Are You Sick of Being Tired?
Learn how you can be healthier with proper sleep.
download pdf >
Meet Harry Britt
Find out why his snoring was no laughing matter.
more >
Quality at Crouse
See how Crouse Hospital strives to provide the best in patient care.more >
Sleep Apnea Epidemic
More and more Americans are being diagnosed with sleep apnea.
Lack of Sleep Affects Athletic Performance
New Studies Show Sleepiness is Game Breakermore >
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RevoStock Type Oh 796722
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After Effects Project - Type Oh 796722 by motionarray @ RevoStock
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Music: Not Included; SoundFX: Not Included; Stock Video: Not Included; Replaceable Text Spots: 8; Replaceable Logo Spots: 0; Replaceable Video Spots: 0; Loopable: no; Downloads: 4; Length: 01:00; Model Release: no.
This project is the perfect After Effects template for displaying text in your next video. It contains 8 unique text placeholders for your text, and its modern, stylish design makes it ideal for many different projects.
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HippyTree / Surf&Stone: Fall-Winter 2012
HippyTree / Surf&Stone: Fall-Winter 2012 from HippyTree on Vimeo.
Here's a little clip, snip, and whiff offering from Local Surf/Stone Brand Hippy Tree located near the shores of Torrance Beach. Drop Zone loves Hippy Tree and looks forward to doing a profile on the company in the near future. If you look closely at the 30 second mark, you can see Drop Zone Lifestyle advocate and street team manager Mike Siordia in the mix at a summer Malibu surf contest.
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Learn about this topic in these articles:
association with Suffolk
...a woman whose avarice was partly responsible for her husband's downfall. She shared his trial and was certainly guilty of taking bribes from Spain. One of his three daughters was the notorious Frances Howard, who instigated the poisoning of poet and essayist Sir Thomas Overbury.
marriage to
...had been executed for treason (1601), Devereux had to obtain special permission from Parliament to succeed (1604) to his family titles and estates. In 1606 King James I arranged Essex' marriage to Frances Howard, countess of Suffolk. But the countess soon fell in love with the king's Scottish favourite, Robert Carr, and in 1613 James had a divorce commission annul her marriage so that she...
Meanwhile, he had fallen in love with Frances Howard, wife of Robert Devereux, 3rd earl of Essex. He persuaded James to have a commission annul Frances' marriage, and during these proceedings Frances, probably with Carr's assistance, secretly poisoned Carr's former friend and mentor Sir Thomas Overbury (died Sept. 15, 1613), who had opposed the annulment. Carr and Frances were married in...


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A Southern California jury has decided on the death penalty for the gunman hired to kill an Orange County businessman so the victim's sister could inherit the family business.
Prosecutors say 35-year-old Armando Macias, the last of six defendants convicted in the murder-for-hire of David Montemayor, was convicted April 21 of murder with a special circumstances allegation of killing him for financial gain. The same jury decided Thursday he should be executed.
City News Service says Montemayor was kidnapped near his Buena Park home in 2002 and he was killed.
Prosecutors say Montemayor's sister, Deborah Perna, hired Pacoima gang members to kill him because her father planned to give her brother control of the family's InterFreight Transport moving and storage business.
Perna is serving a life prison sentence for murder.


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It's Spring Time: Are Your Children PlayingWhen we think of spring we think of losing an hour's sleep in bed as the clocks go forward, longer evenings, warmer weather, the end of winter and more time outside to enjoy what we love doing.
As a result of the longer daylight hours, children will be staying outside for longer. This means it's important that you know where they are, what they are doing, and who they are with. Even though it's a good thing for children to spend as time outside exercising and taking in the fresh air, that doesn't mean parents should be any less concerned with what their children are doing.
To make sure that your child can have a safe time outside now that spring is here consider these safety tips that will ensure their safety and give you the peace of mind you desire about their whereabouts.
1. Communication. Communicating with your children is very important if they are heading outside to play. Ask them where they are going and who with, making sure to give them a time to be back home at. Before they leave you may even want to consider ringing your child's friend's parent's to make sure what they tell you tallies up.
2. Reiteration. If they are heading off someone away from your house to play, maybe the park, reiterate the importance of not talking to strangers to them. Even though they may have heard this before it is necessary that you remind them of this so that they can be aware of what's going on around them at all times.
3. Distance. While it may be tempting for them to wander off now that the evenings are longer you should make sure that they don't stray too far. Set them a distance that is not too far from home. This way if darkness does begin to descend on them they won't have far to travel to get back home. If darkness does begin to creep up you should think about meeting them halfway so that they have a safe passage home.
4. Stay Aware. By making sure that your child is aware of what's going on around him/her they can avoid a dangerous situation that could put them at risk. With the number of child abductions every year, being aware should be of paramount importance to them. Not only that, but by being aware they can remove themselves from a situation that may be less likely if they are not aware of their surroundings.
5. Phone Contact. If they are old enough you may want to think about getting them a phone. This way you will always be able to reach them should you need to at a moment's notice. It also means that if they need to get into contact with you they will be able to. Try to avoid buying them a phone that is expensive looking. Instead, buy them a phone that doesn't make them a target for potential thieves.
By implementing this tips into your life you can ensure that your child has a safe spring time while outside. It doesn't take long to put these steps into action which should be more of an incentive to all parents. By doing so you will know that your child is outside enjoying themselves with the knowledge that they are safe.
This article has been brought to you by Best Stun Gun


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As we move into the political season — the 2014 primaries and midterm elections — a new study shows that tougher voter ID laws continue to crop up in GOP-led states where minority and lower-income voter turnout has increased.
That's an uncomfortable truth with potentially uncomfortable consequences that should rattle anyone who cares about voting participation and fairness. And it confirms a concern this newspaper has had with tougher voter ID laws, including Texas' controversial photo ID law, which state lawmakers adopted in 2011 on purely partisan grounds.
The new research asserts that the tougher laws are part of a GOP strategy aimed at keeping minority and low-income voters away from the polls, despite the fact that widespread voter impersonation is virtually nonexistent.
Research from University of Massachusetts at Boston sociologist Keith Bentele and political scientist Erin O'Brien shows a correlation between restrictive new voting laws and states where Republicans control the legislature or governor's office.
In fact, the ties are so compelling that the researchers conclude that photo identification, proof of citizenship, tighter voter registration drives, shorter early voting periods, repeal of same-day voter registration and other new voter ID laws "collectively reduce electoral access among the socially marginalized."
Restricting access to the ballot box is a dangerously slippery legal slope, which is why these measures have generated several lawsuits against Texas and other states.
While not perfect, the old system in Texas was built on the proper premise that voter laws should encourage voter turnout — not discourage entire segments of would-be voters. Until the passage of the new voter photo ID law, Texans could show, among other documents, a utility bill as proof of identity allowing them to cast a ballot.
With the 2014 election cycle upon us — a season expected to be highly partisan and divisive — we're likely to hear examples of voters being turned away or having to scale a higher bar.
We got a taste of it in November when former House Speaker Jim Wright briefly was denied a voter ID card at a Texas Department of Public Safety office because his Texas driver's license had expired and his TCU faculty ID didn't meet the requirements of the law. Eventually, he got a state-issued personal identification card and voted. Still, it was an unnecessary hurdle that this newspaper is concerned others of lesser means cannot or will not scale.
The good news from last November's election is that few ID problems developed. This year — when more seats are up statewide and the stakes are higher — will be much more of a test.
Know the new voting rules
A voter must present one of these forms of photo ID to cast a ballot:
— Texas driver's license issued by the Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS)
— Texas Election Identification Certificate issued by the DPS
— Texas personal identification card issued by the DPS
— Texas concealed handgun license issued by the DPS
— U.S. military ID card containing the person's photo
— U.S. citizenship certificate containing the person's photo
— U.S. passport


text:
All quotes by Orrin Hatch
(246 quotes found)
"He's the best I've seen -- and that's really saying something because some of the others have been absolutely tremendous."
"I don't think he wants to stick a finger in their eyes, ... On the other hand, I don't think he wants them dictating who he picks."
"The future of Skull Valley is largely in the hands of the administration right now, so I don't believe kicking them in the teeth is in our best interest, ... It's the only real hope I see right now, because [Nevada Sen.] Harry Reid can't help us."
"I do not feel good about Yucca Mountain, either, ... but anybody who doesn't think Bob [Bennett] and I should've voted for Yucca Mountain just doesn't know the facts because we would have become the sole target here."
"I'm not going to second-guess my colleagues, but one of us has to stay neutral on this and hopefully give the administration enough ammunition to resolve this process,"
"Our only chance of getting rid of this is with the administration. It isn't with the Senate. It isn't with Harry,"


text:
Originally published February 28, 2008:
At first glance, I am the guy your mother wants you to marry. Successful, sweet, clean shaven. Below the surface, I am the guy your mother warned you about: pierced tongue, tattoos, a ton of kinks. A couple of months ago, I met a woman who wanted to be a sex slave. We talked about relationship expectations and because of a few deal breakers (she is older than me, she has kids from a past marriage, our career goals differ) we said that this wasn't going anywhere beyond a temporary fling. Now she comes to my house a couple of times a week, puts on lingerie, blows me, does my dishes, blows me, gets tied up/spanked, picks up my dirty laundry, blows me again, and then leaves. Needless to say, I am quite happy with the situation.
Now I have met a great woman who I like and am looking to start a "normal" relationship with (read: still hot kinky sex, just no need for her to crawl on all fours when she enters my house, as fun as that is to watch). She has been hurt before and wants to spend a long time "getting to know each other" before we move toward anything physical. We have both acknowledged that we are interested in pursuing a relationship, just not yet. Given my situation, i.e., all those blowjobs from the submissive, I have no problem waiting as long as girlfriend material wants before we start something physical.
My question is on Dom/sub slave etiquette. Assuming things with this new woman work out, at what point should I break up with my sub? Should I tell her about the other woman? Should I tell her in advance we are ending ("Your next visit will be our last") or should I just ask her to come over and break up then ("We both knew this was only going to last so long")? Do I help her find a new Dom? This isn't a regular breakup, so I'm not really sure how to do it. My sub loves to serve, so would it be cheating on my next girlfriend if I let her keep doing domestic tasks for me, but nothing sexual? Should I tell my next girlfriend that I had a sex slave for a while?
Deciding On Method
Hm. My mother never warned me about guys with piercings, tattoos, or kinks. My mother did, however, warn me about guys who think a hidden tattoo or a discreet piercing somehow makes them more interesting than they actually are. "Those guys are always douchebags," my mother used to say. Still does. But, hey, my mom isn't the guest expert you need.
"The fact that you're having a Dominant/submissive relationship with this older woman is immaterial," says Mistress Matisse, a pro Dom, expert flogger, and prolific blogger (mistressmatisse.blogspot.com). "It's an intimate sexual relationship, so forget D/s in your handling of this. It's clear that you'd be happy to continue on with them both, at least for a while, so the question is more polyamory skills than BDSM etiquette."
So what does Matisse think you should do?
"Tell both women exactly what's going on, immediately," Matisse continues. "Your girlfriend-to-be wants to get to know you? If she can't handle that you've been having a D/s relationship, you better find that out now. Her response will certainly give you a clue as to how kinky your future sex life with her might be. But full disclosure, pronto, is best. Anyone who has been 'hurt before' is apt to be touchy about discovering perceived dishonesty down the road."
And what about your sub?
"Your submissive is also deserving of your honesty," says Matisse. "She may decide she wants to end your relationship, or she may be willing to continue in a nonsexual arrangement. If you are extremely lucky, your submissive and your GF-to-be may decide they can coexist in some fashion. God knows I've dated men who really needed someone to pick up after them, and I sure as hell wasn't going to do it."
And how does one properly break up with a submissive, if it comes to that?
"Make a date with your submissive and respectfully inform her that you are ending the relationship," says Matisse. "Wish her well and say good-bye, no last blowjobs for the road. And do not offer to find her a new Dominant—trust me, she'll have no trouble at all finding another Dominant to accept an arrangement like the one you've described."


text:
Laura van den Berg Photo by Peter Yoon.
Feed Loader,
"The Isle of Youth," by Laura van den Berg
Feed Loader,
By: Laura van den Berg.
Publisher: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 244 pages, $14.
Review: In Van den Berg's second collection, her protagonists, in seeking answers to their own personal mysteries, rarely find answers but often find something like grace.
REVIEW: 'The Isle of Youth,' by Laura van den Berg
- Article by: WESTON CUTTER
- Special to the Star Tribune
- November 16, 2013 - 2:00 PM
The stories in Laura van den Berg's "The Isle of Youth" are darting, shifting things. All feature female central characters, and all could fairly be considered stories of trouble: rainbows and butterflies and happy endings make no appearances. That's not to say the stories are sorrowful or bleak. In fact, the strangest thing about Van den Berg's work is that, though her stories find footing in dark matter, the reader ends up feeling something akin to having been freed by the end of the reading.
Take, for instance, "The Greatest Escape," the sixth of the seven stories in the collection. The setting is Hollywood, Fla., and 17-year-old Crystal is her mother's assistant in a magic show that's barely hanging on. Crystal, along with being her mother's assistant, robs men in the theater's bar after magic shows, saving the money for when she turns 18 and is free to flee the dingy life in which she wears a gold bathing suit during magic shows that attract "men who wandered over from nearby hotels and drank during the shows." None of this, however, is the real story: The real story is that Crystal hopes someday to set out to find her father, a famous magician who disappeared before she was born, and though it's unfair to give too much away, it's fair to say that the story hinges around the fact that, as Crystal herself notes in her narration, "Knowledge is a curious thing."
Or consider "I Looked for You, I Called Your Name," the collection's first story, in which a newlywed's Argentinian honeymoon is massively disrupted — a plane makes an emergency landing, the husband accidentally breaks his wife's nose, and, to end the story, there's a fire in the hotel. The above is more than enough detail for most writers to work with but, in Van den Berg's adroit handing, there are further complications: The young wife in the story is a twin, but her sister "when we were just four weeks old … died a silent, inexplicable death in the crib next to mine." Because of that, she's felt "half-present and half-absent" throughout life, and so the story's central arc has less to do with handling the problems and complications of the honeymoon than those the characters bring with them.
And what characters. The women in Van den Berg's stories are troublingly real as they search for knowledge or information they believe they want and then, on discovery, find out the price they'll pay for such knowledge. "It was a terrible flaw, our inability to see where our lives were leading us," the narrator says in "Opa-Locka," a story featuring a pair of sisters doing private detective work for a woman who says, "I want to know what's real." She's speaking about her husband and his misdeeds, but, in her way, she's articulating a scary truth about every searching character in this tremendous collection.
Weston Cutter is from St. Paul and currently teaches at the University of St. Francis in Fort Wayne, Ind.
© 2017 Star Tribune


text:
- Piercing
- Contact
- Author/Book
- Consultations
- Videos
oral piercings
Tongue Piercings: Suited to Minors, or Adults Only?!
October 9th, 2012
I received an interesting question from a piercer who wanted to know my opinion on piercing the tongues of minors:
I was writing today with a question regarding tongue piercings. I was always under the assumption that the minimum age requirement is 18. I understood it to be a sexual piercing. Lately in my area some piercers have been piercing childrens tounges as young as 14. Is the age limit a law or just a guideline? I feel it is a highly inappropriate piercing for a minor and i myself refuse to do them on anyone younger than 18. Could you please shed some light on this subject? Thank you so much for your time.
Bleeding and Bruised Tongue Piercing
August 24th, 2012
I received a message from a woman who had concerns about her recent tongue piercing:
Okay so I got my tongue pierced Tuesday and this is how it looks not on Friday. Is that just bruising? Is it normal? It bleeds whenever I sleep so I think I'm just biting it...my boyfriend had his pierced a couple months ago and it healed completely different...do I need to go see the piercer?
My reply:
Bleeding, bruising and swelling are all normal consequences of piercing. I couldn't tell for sure, but it didn't look very swollen, so it seems yours is doing the first of the two more than the last. It is more common for the tongue to swell instead, but your reaction isn't necessarily abnormal.
That said, it couldn't hurt to pay your piercer a visit. They ca get a lot clearer look at it than I can from here.
Is this the oral aftercare instructions you're following?
Here are some additonal suggestions from The Piercing Bible that could prove helpful to you:
Aftercare for Oral Piercings


text:
Harry Ainlay High School
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|Harry Ainlay Composite High School
|4350 111 Street
Edmonton, Alberta, T6J 0X8
|53°28′47″N 113°31′06″W / 53.4797°N 113.5183°WCoordinates: 53°28′47″N 113°31′06″W / 53.4797°N 113.5183°W
|In Omnibus Excelsior
In all things Excellence
|School board
|Edmonton Public Schools
|Darrel Robertson
|Area trustee
|Michael Janz
|Gane Olsen
|2596 (2017 – 2018)[2]
|Campus size
|25,272 m2[1]
|Campus type
|Royal Blue, Black and White
|Athletics conference
|Bright Conference
|Team name
|$16,636,622 (2016 – 2017)[1]
|Communities served
|Allard, Aspen Gardens, Bearspaw, Blackburne, Blackmud Creek, Blue Quill, Blue Quill Estates, Callaghan, Chappelle, Duggan, Empire Park, Ermineskin, Greenfield, Malmo Plains, MacEwan, Richford, Rideau Park, Royal Gardens, Rutherford, Skyrattler, Steinhauer, Sweet Grass, Twin Brooks, Westbrook Estates
Harry Ainlay High School is a high school located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada in the Royal Gardens Community, south of Whitemud Drive on 111 Street. The school is operated by the Edmonton Public School System, and has wide variety of educational opportunities for students, including: full French Immersion instruction, the International Baccalaureate Program, Career and Technology Studies, and Registered Apprenticeship programs. The school has an enrollment of just under 2,600 students in 2017.[2] Since opening in 1966, the school has produced over 40,000 graduates.
The school sports teams are the Titans and their mascot is a blond Rambo-type character named Bambam. The school is named after a former Edmonton mayor, Harry Dean Ainlay.
French Immersion[edit]
Harry Ainlay is one of the high schools in the Edmonton Public School System that offers full French Immersion for all core courses. "French Immersion students are taught in French 100 per cent of the time (Exception:English Courses and most optional courses. I.E.: Language Arts) . . . Students have the opportunity to achieve international language certification and recognition upon graduation."[3] The school has also hosted the French Gala for several years, where French students from across Edmonton Public Schools gather in a speech competition.
International Baccalaureate Program[edit]
Harry Ainlay was the second school in Alberta to introduce the International Baccalaureate program and is one of eight schools in the Edmonton Public School System offering an International Baccalaureate diploma program.[4] Having a diploma graduating class normally greater than fifty students, Ainlay has one of the largest IB classes in Alberta.[citation needed] However, this is often attributed to the large population base of the school, with about 450 students enrolled in the diploma program and 200 students enrolled in the certificate program each year.[5]
Harry Ainlay currently offers IB courses in Biology (HL), English Literature (A1)(HL), History (HL), Physics (SL, HL), and Visual Arts (SL, HL), Chemistry (SL), French (B), Spanish (B), German (A1 or ab initio), Japanese (B or ab initio), Mathematics (SL), Mathematical Studies (SL), Music (SL), and Theatre Arts (SL). There have been several students write A1 examinations in their native languages including: German, Arabic, and Japanese.[6]
Career and technology studies[edit]
The school offers a variety of programs aimed to help students develop skills for employment after graduation. These include: Automotives, Cosmetology, Computer Programming & Animation, Web Design, Communication Technology, Construction, Design Studies,Culinary Arts and Welding. Preparatory courses in Cosmetology and Culinary Arts are offered at the school.
Annual sports tournaments[edit]
Harry Ainlay plays host to two major sports tournaments annually: the Titan Volleyball Tournament and the Tri-Province Basketball Tournament. Both tournaments host a Men's and a Women's draw, and run over three weekends, one each for the Senior, Junior, and Junior High tournaments. The tournaments at Harry Ainlay are entirely student-run. The Executive Committee for each tournament is composed entirely of students who work with a staff tournament director.
The Titan Volleyball Tournament (TVT) is traditionally held in October, and began in 1978 as a small local tournament. Since then it has grown into a much larger Invitational tournament, drawing competition from as far away as Norway. The strongest teams from the Public and Catholic school districts of Edmonton and surrounding area are invited to compete. Typically several teams from Calgary and Southern Alberta, as well as a few out-of-province teams are invited.
The Tri-Province Basketball Tournament (Tri-Prov) is usually held at the beginning of February. Tri-Prov was founded by current City of Edmonton City Council member Bryan Anderson in 1974. It began as a Senior Men's tournament, but has since expanded to include Senior Women, Junior Men and Women, and a Junior High Men and Women. Top-calibre teams from four provinces, Alberta, Manitoba Saskatchewan and British Columbia, compete in Junior and Senior Male and Female divisions.
The largest, and most popular tournament of all tournaments at Harry Ainlay high school is the annual dodgeball tournament. The Harry Ainlay intramural dodgeball tournament was created in 2005. The Dodgeball tournament pits 32 teams against each other in a round-robin type single elimination competition. There is a large hanging banner in the rotunda that keeps everybody updated on which teams face off. The tournament usually runs from mid-November to early December. Every year the tournament has grown in popularity with the 2009 tournament having record breaking numbers of spectators in the stands.
Extracurricular student activities[edit]
Programs run by students, for students, are important and widespread and give students the opportunity to organize students' union events such as Touch of Class, Aloha Ainlay, Halloween, Christmas Week, Culturefest and Oktoberfest. Many clubs, including the History Movie Club, Habitat for Humanity, Games Club, Me to We, Amnesty International, Knitting Club, Anime Club, High School Model United Nations, Equal Rights Ainlay, The Titanic Newspaper, Encounters With Canada, and the HASTE Club, are also available at Ainlay as well, with plenty of opportunities to start new clubs or associations.[7]
New grade 10 students, coming to Ainlay are invited to take part in Link Crew, a program used across the country to get students acquainted with the school, meet new friends and register for school on their own for the first time.[8]
Motivated students may also submit applications to 2 Councils and various Executive Committees to take a more vigorous participation in a certain activity.
The Student Council is a body that oversees the general student activities and is led by an elected Student Council President, assisted by an appointed Executive Assistant. The Student Council has 4 appointed Vice Presidents, each overseeing a Board of 3 grade Representatives. In total, there are 18 members, with a few exceptions.
The Graduation Council is a body that oversees the graduating class and the execution of the graduation ceremonies. Like the Student Council, it is led by an elected President. The Graduation Council President is assisted by the Vice President, who is appointed. Then there are many positions that correspond to specific needs of the Graduation, such as raising funds, advertisements, sponsors, finances, secretarial services, banquet, commencement, and media technicalities. The participation in the Graduation Council, including its Presidential Elections, requires you to be a member of the graduating class.
In addition to the two Councils that are headed by elected Presidents, many Executive Committees exist to provide more specific needs and entertainment to the school's community. These Executive Committees are appointed by Teacher Advisors, including the Committee's leader. Executive Committees in the school include: Anime Club/Soba Bowl Festival Executive Committee, Awards Board Committee, Battle of the Bands Committee, Culture Fest Executive Committee, Link Crew Executive Committee, Me to We Executive Committee, Titans International Executive Committee, Touch of Class Executive Committee, Tri-Prov Executive Committee, TVT Executive Committee, and Yearbook Committee.
Performing and fine arts[edit]
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The Arts sector of Harry Ainlay Fine Arts Dept. develop artistic skills and discipline designed to provide instruction in a variety of art techniques and materials. Students enrolled in Art will develop their creativity, visual literacy, and production skills. The Art sector also teaches independence in students' studio work and investigations. Students are encouraged to develop a personally and culturally meaningful body of work, and perform research in order to develop works that express their personal vision of the world. Art courses are available in IB, and the annual IB Art Show is a major event at the Harry Ainlay Art Program.
The Drama sector of Harry Ainlay Fine Arts Dept. develops confidence, concentration, creativity, and communication skills required for performances in theatre. Ensemble work, history of theatre, disciplines of theatre including Movement, Speech, Improvisation, Technical Theatre, and Theatre Studies are taught in class. The roles of playwright, actor, director, designer, and critic are learned through practical research and performance opportunities. Play analysis skills are also developed, specifically by participating in the performance and the directing of the One Act Play. This major drama production held annually demonstrates Script Analysis, Concepts, Designs, Models, Technical Staging, and the Total Process through to Performance. The grade twelve class company is responsible for all elements of the One Act Play, including production, direction, design, construction, acting, and management. The Drama courses are available in IB.
The Drama sector also includes the Technical Theare program that develops practical knowledge that aids in the preparation and presentation of a production. The program prepares students for post-secondary and professional performance experiences by enhancing skills in pre-production, rehearsals, management, post production, team building, and show run. Students are expected to stage-manage a production at some point in the grade twelve level.
Another program that the Drama sector provides is Advanced Acting. This program includes students involved with theatre production outside of the regular school times, such as cast members of all full-length productions and One Act Plays. Entrance to the course is by open auditions.
The Dance sector at Harry Ainlay Fine Arts Dept. is designed to allow students to explore a wide range of dance forms including Jazz, Ballet, Modern, Tap, and Folk. Other aspects such as choreography, history, body image, fitness, and dance appreciation are studied. Strength, poise, flexibility, and confidence as a dancer are developed through process and performance. Other aspects covered are composition, anatomical principles, and dance criticism.
The Harry Ainlay Music Program includes instructions in Choral, Instrumental(Ensemble), and Instrumental(Guitar). Extracurricular programs such as the Jazz Bands (A & B Stage Bands), Jazz Choir, Jazz Combo, Honour Choir, Brass Choir, and others groups are conducted according to school year. Entrance into these groups are by audition. The Music Dept. also travels to Camp Nakamun for the annual Music Camp in order to establish unity among ensembles and to provide students with clinics by professional musicians. The music students allowed on the Music Camp, frequently called Band Camp, are to be enrolled in either the Symphonic Band, Concert Band, or the Choir. The Music Dept. annually performs on tours internationally, primarily showcasing the Symphonic Band Ensemble. On some of the tours only the Symphonic Band is able to attend, due to lack of support and funding from administration. The music program thus has established its own charity organization called the Harry Ainlay Music Parents' Association(HAMPA), which funds most of the Music Camps and parts of the Tour costs.
The Choral Music course at the Harry Ainlay Music Program provides opportunity for students to develop their musical talents through a choral experience. Emphasis on the development of individual vocal technique and the ability to sing in parts are placed, and a wide variety of choral music and styles are studied.
The General Music course at the Harry Ainlay Music Program provides instructions in the instrument of the Guitar. Separated into three levels of Beginning, Continuing, and Advanced, the students are instructed in basic guitar techniques including reading of melodies and rhythms, chording, strumming, and finger-picking. Music theory as it relates to guitar performance is also covered in the course. Techniques are also applied to the performances of all styles of guitar, including classical, folk, pop, and rock. Students graduate with performing experiences, as well as advanced theory and chord reading as part of the Advanced Guitar course.
The Concert Band ensemble at the Harry Ainlay Music Program is a course for continuing band students with a minimum of 2 years of study and experience on a band instrument either at a junior high school or through private lessons. Through the performance of study of band literature, students will increase technical skills and gain competence in performing and appreciating music as an artistic form of expression.
Notable alumni[edit]
- Rick Campbell - CFL head coach
- Chris Hardy – CFL player
- Samantha King – Canadian country/blues singer[9]
- Dion Phaneuf – NHL Player
- Kreesha Turner – pop singer
- Marc Belke – former musician, SNFU and Wheat Chiefs
- Brent Belke – former musician, SNFU and Wheat Chiefs
- Lance Chomyc – former placekicker, Toronto Argonauts
- Steven Reinprecht – NHL Player
- ^ a b c "Harry Ainlay High School Budget" (PDF). Edmonton Public School Board. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
- ^ a b "School Information". Edmonton Public Schools. Retrieved November 11, 2017.
- ^ Program Choices - Languages - French Immersion
- ^ Program Choices - International Baccalaureate - Diploma Programme
- ^ "Individual School Profiles". Edmonton Public Schools. 2007-06-21. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
- ^ Harry Ainlay High School
- ^ Harry Ainlay - Students Union
- ^ Harry Ainlay - Link Crew
- ^ "Festival Place – Show Details (Samantha King Trio; Dino Dominelli)". Festival Place. 2011-09-12.