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Oct 2nd, 2008 #1
Hi guys,
I want to about the history of caste Gujjar. From where its started? Are they also belongs to Mongols too or some other else.
Thank you.
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I think i read somewhere on the bbc website sometime ago that Gujjars originated from Gujarat india, but that could just be me mis-remembering. Are they like a travelling tribe?
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^gujjer from gujjrat hahahahaha
Oct 3rd, 2008 #4----
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^ wots so funny?
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Gujjar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Castes of IndiaGujjar or GurjarClassificationKshatriyaSubdivisionsSignificant populations inIndia, Pakistan and AfghanistanLanguagesGujari, Urdu, Hindi, Punjabi, Pashto, Pahari languages, Kashmiri, Kutchi, Khojki, Gujarati, Khowar), Balti etc.ReligionsHinduism, Islam; Sikhism and Jainism to a minor extentThe Gujjar (Hindi: गुज्जर, Urdu: گجر) or Gurjar (Hindi: गुर्जर, Urdu: گُرجر) are an ethnic group in India and Pakistan. Alternative spellings include Gurjara, Gujar and Goojar.
The Gujjars follow Hinduism, Sikhism and Islam. The Hindu Gurjars belong to the traditional Kshatriya varna in Hinduism, while the Muslim Gujjars are considered to be a Potwari tribe in India and Pakistan.
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1 History
-
1.1 Origin
1.2 Gujjar rulers
- 1.3 British rule
-
3.1 Delhi
3.2 Haryana
3.3 Indian administered Kashmir
3.4 Van Gujjars
3.5 Punjab
3.6 Rajasthan
3.7 Uttar Pradesh
3.8 Madhya Pradesh
- 3.9 Gujarat and Maharashtra
5 See also
6 Further reading
7 External links
- 8 References
[edit] History
[edit] Origin
The origins of the Gurjars are uncertain.[1]. The Gurjara clan appeared in northern India about the time of the Huna invasions of northern India. Some scholars, such as V. A. Smith, believed that the Gujjars were foreign immigrants, possibly a branch of Hephthalites ("White Huns").[2] D. B. Bhandarkar (1875-1950) believed that Gujars came into India with the Hunas, and the name of the tribe was sanskritized to "Gurjara".[3] He also believed that several places in Central Asia, such as "Gurjistan", are named after the Gujars and that the reminiscences of Gujar migration is preserved in these names.[3] General Cunningham identified the Gujjars with Yuezhi or Tocharians.[4]
In the past, Gujjars have also been hypothesized to be descended from the nomadic Khazar tribes, although the history of Khazars shows an entirely different politico-cultural ethos[5] In Gazetteer of Bombay Presidency, the British civil servant James M. Campbell identified Gujars with Khazars.
Some Gujjars also claim that the Gujjar caste is related to the Chechens and the Georgians, and argue that Georgia was traditionally called "Gujaristan" (actually Gorjestan) The state of Gujarat in Western India, gets its name from the Gujjars or Gurjars who migrated and settled from Central Asia.[6][7] Some of them also claim that Germans are Gujjars.[6] However, there is no evidence for such claims. The word "Georgia" derived from the Arabic and Persian word Gurj, and not Gujjar or Gurjar.[8][9]
[edit] Gujjar rulers
The Gurjara-Pratihara kingdom and other contemporary kingdoms.
According to some historical accounts, the kingdom with capital at Bhinmal (or Srimal) was established by the Gujjars. A minor kingdom of Bharuch was the offshoot of this Kingdom.[10] In 640-41 CE, the Chinese traveller Xuanzang (Hieun Tsang) described the kingdoms of Su-la-cha (identified with Saurashtra) and Kiu-che-lo (identified with Gurjara) in his writings. He stated that the Gurjaras ruled a rich and populous kingdom with capital at Bhinmal (Pilo-mo-lo).[11] According to his expositor, M. Vivien de St. Martin, Su-la-cha represents the modern Gujarat, and Kiu-che-lo (Gurjjara), "the country of the Gujars", represents the region between between Anhilwara and the Indus River, i.e. Sindh region.[12]
Vincent Smith believed that the Pratihara dynasty, which ruled a large kingdom in northern India from the 6th to the 11th centuries, and has been mentioned as "Gurjara-Pratiharas" in an inscription, was certainly of Gurjara origin. Smith also stated that there is possibility of other Agnikula Rajput clans being of same origin.[13] Dr. K. Jamanadas also states that the Pratihara clan of Rajputs descended from the Gujjars, and this "raises a strong presumption that the other Rajput clans also are the descendants from the Gurjaras or the allied foreign immigrants".[14] D. B. Bhandarkar also believed that Pratiharas were a clan of Gujjars.[3] In his book The Glory that was Gujardesh (1943), Gurjar writer K. M. Munshi stated that the Pratiharas, the Paramaras and the Solankis were imperial Gujjars.
However, some other historians believe that although some sections of the Pratiharas (eg. the one to which Mathanadeva belonged) were Gujjars by caste, the imperial Pratiharas of Kannauj were not Gujjars and there was no Gurjara empire in Northern India.[15][16] H. A. Rose and Denzil Ibbetson stated that there is no conclusive proof that the Agnikula Rajput clans are of Gurjara origin; they believed that there is possibility of the indigenous tribes adopting Gurjara names, when their founders were enfiefed by Gurjara rulers.[13]
Over the years, the Gurjars were assimilated mainly into the castes of Kshatriya varna, although some Gurjar groups (such as Gaur Gurjars of central India) are classified as Brahmins. During the Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent, many of the Gurjar Hindus converted to Islam.[17]
[edit] British rule
In the eighteenth century, several Gujjar chieftains and small kings were in power. During the reign of Rohilla Nawab Najib-ul-Daula, Dargahi Singh, the Gujjar chieftain of Dadri possessed 133 villages at a fixed revenue of Rs. 29,000.[18] A fort at Parlchhatgarh in Meerut District, also known as Qila Parikishatgarh, is ascribed to a Gujjar Raja Nain Singh.[19] According to a legend, the fort was built by Parik****a and restored by Nain Singh in the eighteenth century. The fort was dismantled in 1857, to be used as a police station.[20]
The Imperial Gazetteer of India states that throughout the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Gujars and Musalman (Muslim) Rajputs proved the "most irreconcilable enemies" of the British in the Bulandshahr area.[21] A band of rebellious Gujjars ransacked Bulandshahr after a revolt by the 9th Native Infantry on May 21, 1857. The British officers initially left for Meerut but later sent a small force to retake the town. The British forces were able to retake the town with the help of Dehra Gurkhas, but the Gujars rose again after the Gurkhas marched off to assist General Wilson's column in another area. Under the leadership of Walidad Khan of Malagarh, the British garrison was driven out the district. Walidad Khan held Bulandshahr from July to September, until he was expelled after an engagement with Colonel Greathed's flying column. On October 4, the Bulandshahr District was regularly occupied by the British Colonel Farquhar and measures of repression were adopted against the armed Gujars.
During the revolt of 1857, the Muslim Gujars in the villages of the Ludhiana District showed dissent to the British authorities.[22] The British interests in Gangoh city of Saharanpur District were threatened by the rebel Gujars under the self-styled Raja Fathua. These Gujars rebels were defeated by the British forces under H. D. Robertson and Lieutenant Boisragon, in June 1857.[23] The Gujars of Chundrowli rose against the British, under the leadership of Damar Ram. The Gujars of Shunkuri village, numbering around three thousand, joined the rebel sepoys. According to British records, the Gujars plundered gunpowder and ammunition from the British and their allies.[24][25] In Delhi, the Metcalfe House was sacked by the Gujjar villagers from whom the land was taken to erect the building.[26] The British records claim that the Gujars carried out several robberies. Twenty Gujars were reported to have been beheaded by Rao Tula Ram for committing dacoities in July 1857.[24] In September 1857, the British were able to enliist the support of many Jats and Gujars at Meerut.
The British classified the Gujjars (and around 150 other Indian communities) as "criminal tribe" through the Criminal Tribes Act, 1871 (later repealed by the Government of independent India in 1952).[27] Some believe that the British classified the nomadic tribes as "criminal tribes" because they considered these tribes to be prone to criminality in the absence of legitimate means of livelihood, and also because of their participation in the revolt of 1857.[28] The Imperial Gazetteer of India stated that the Gujars were impoverished due to their "lawlessness in the Mutiny".[29], and that the Gujars in Delhi had a "bad reputation as thieves".[30]
During the World War II, several Gujjars served in the British Indian army. Kamal Ram, a Gujjar sepoy, was awarded the Victoria Cross for gallantry.
[edit] Demographics
Gujjars are mainly concentrated in the Indo-Gangetic plains, the Himalayan region, and eastern parts of Afghanistan, although the Gujjar diaspora is found in other places as well. A majority of Gujjars follow Hinduism and Islam, though small Gujjar communities following other religions exist.
Gujari (or Gojri), classified under Rajasthani[31], has traditionally been the primary language of the Gujjars. But, Gujjars living in different areas speak several other languages including Hindi, Marathi, Urdu, Punjabi, Pothohari, Pahari languages (such as Dogri and Kangri), Pashto language, Dardic languages (such as Kashmiri and Khowar), and Balti.
[edit] Gujjars in India
In India, Gujjar populations are found mainly in Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, western Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, northern Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra. The semi-nomadic Gujjar groups are found in the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and north-western Uttar Pradesh.[32] The name for the state of Gujarat has derived from "Gurjar" [citation needed].
Gujjars in North India are now considered as a vote bank by some political parties.[33][34]. Rajesh Pilot was a major Gujjar leader in North India. The Gujjars were classified as a Scheduled Tribe in Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir, and as Other Backward Class in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.
[edit] Delhi
Gujjars are mainly found in Delhi: that includes a majority of villages in northern part of delhi are of KHARI(6 villages- namely Chandrawal, Rampura, Gopalpur, Wazirpur,Judbagh and Sultanpur,Tanwar (8 Villages seven in delhi and one falls in Gurgaon district of Haryana namely Fathpur Beri,Asola,Chandan Hola, Dera,Mandi,Bhati Kalan, Bhati Khurd and Gwalpahari(Gurgaon) Mavi 5 Village ambavata(4 villages), Bhati(24 villages),Dedha(24 villages namely Usmanpur, Ghonda, Ghamari, Ghari Mendu, Khajuri Khas, Sherpur, Sadatpur, Biharipur, Shamepur, Gokalpur, Dayalpur, Tukhmirpur, Silampur, Bhuapur, Khichripur, Gazipur, Kotla, Karkar Duman, Chilla, Dalupura, Patpar Ganj, Ghondli, Khuraji Khas and Kondli) basoya (6 villages Aliganj,Pilanji,Khairpur), bidhuri/bidhudi(5 villages namely Tughaqabad, Madanpur Khadar, Jasola), rexwal, (2 villages namely Badarpur and Aali) Bosatta (2 villages namely Khanpur and Sarai Kale Khan) [[Naagar] (hasanpur is the only village in delhi ), Kohli gurjar (one village zumrudpur),,[[Media:lohias]LOHIAS(2 villages ghitorni and Aayanagar) Bainsla gurjar (one village Kotla Mubarakpur)[citation needed]
[edit] Haryana
The main gotras of Gurjars found in the Faridabad District of Haryana include Bhadana (14 villages), Mavi (10 Village) in Badka Teh PalwalNagar (84 villages), Baisla (26 village), Phagna(1 Village) and Poswal (3 village). The Bhadana gotra in Faridabad District launched an anti-dowry campaign in 2002. The community set elaborate guidelines for solemnizing marriages and holding other functions.[35] In a mahapanchayat ("the great panchayat"), the Gujjar community decided that those who sought dowry would be excommunicated from the society.[36] Brigadier Hem Chand Nagar, born in village Tigaon in Ballabhgarh Tehsil of Faridabad district was the first brigadier among the Gurjar Community.[citation needed]
[edit] Indian administered Kashmir
In Jammu & Kashmir, the concentration of Gujjars is observed in the districts of Rajouri and Poonch, followed by, Ananatnag, Udhampur and Doda districts.[37] It is believed that Gujjars migrated to Jammu and Kashmir from Gujarat (via Rajasthan) and Hazara district of NWFP.[38] Another group called Bakarwal (or Bakerwal or Dhangar) belongs to the same ethnic stock as the Gujjars, and inter-marriages freely take place among them.
The Gujjars and the Bakarwals in Jammu and Kashmir were notified as the Scheduled Tribes vide the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Act, 1991.[37] According to the 2001 Census of India, Gujjar is the most populous scheduled tribe in J&K, having a population of 763,806. Around 99.3 per cent population of Gujjar and Bakarwal in J&K follow Islam.[37]
In 2002, some Gujjars and Bakarwals in J&K demanded a separate state (Gujaristan) for Gujjar and Bakerwal communities, under the banner of India Gujjar Parishad.[39]
[edit] Van Gujjars
The Van Gujjars ("forest Gujjars") are found in the Shivalik hills area of North India. The Van Gujjars follow Islam, and they have their own clans, similar to the Hindu gotras.[40] They are a pastoral semi-nomadic community, practising transhumance. In the winter season, the Van Gujjars migrate with their herds to the Shiwalik foothills, and in summer, they migrate to pastures high up in the mountains. The Van Gujjars have had conflicts with the forest authorities, who prohibited human and livestock populations inside a reserved park, and blamed the Van Gujjar community for poaching and timber smuggling[40]. After the creation of the Rajaji National Park (RNP), the Van Gujjars in Deharadun were asked to shift to a resettlement colony at Pathari near Hardwar. In 1992, when the Van Gujjars returned to the foothills, the RNP authorities tried to block them from the park area. The community fought back and finally the forsest authorities had to relent.[41] Later, a community forest management (CFM) programme aiming to involve the Van Gujjars in forest management was launched.
[edit] Punjab
Gujjars of Punjab are mainly found in Nawanshahr, Hoshiarpur, Patiala, Fatehgarh, Mohali and Anandpur District. In this area, their villages are In heavy concentration. They are both Hindu as well as sikh by religion. Their main profession is agriculture and business. They are called as chaudhary in the area. The last names of the Punjabi Gujjars include Kasana, Khepar, Kataria, Chaudhary, Bjarh, Chauhan, Bhumbla, Chandpuri, Chechi, Meelu, Hans, Bagri, khatana and others. The tradition of buffalo milk in Punjab can be attributed to the nomad Gujjars arriving in the Punjab plains with their live stock. There are old folk songs about Gujjar women selling milk in Punjabi villages and the nomad Gujjars displaying their livestock of buffaloes for sale. There are many Gujjar villages in Punjab (India) and most of these Gujjars are Sikhs. Even now, the nomad Gujjars come from Kashmir and sell their artifacts and livestock in Punjab. These nomad Gujjars are mostly Muslims just like their counterparts in Pakistan.
Some famous Army men from the community who hail from Punjab
Brigadier (retired) Kuldip Singh Chandpuri was born into a Gujjar Sikh family in Chandpur Rurki, Punjab(India) and he currently lives in Chandigarh. He is known for his heroic leadership in the famous Battle of Longewala for which he was awarded Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) by the Indian Army.
Colonel (retired) Jai Chand is the first despatch rider to grow up to the rank of full Colonel, born in famous Naghia Ram "Mehar" family of village Dangori (Beet)Garhshankar in District Hoshiarpur,Punjab(India). A matriculate from Govt High School ,Binewal (Beet) joined Corp of Signals as Despatch riders in 1955. As Despatch rider, used to deliver important and urgent messages to and from headquarters and military units in war. Served a vital role at a time when telecommunications were limited and insecure. He got commissioned in 1971 as Cipher Officer and retired in 1991.
[edit] Rajasthan
In Rajasthan, some members of the Gujjar community resorted to violent protests over the issue of reservation in 2006 and 2007. During the 2003 Election to the Rajasthan assembly the BJP had promised the gujjars ST status as they had included the Jats as the OBC's.Former prime minister of india Atal Bihari Vajpayee promised the jats of rajasthan O.B.C.status.This upset the gurjars as the jats enjoy a much better financial status and are a more influential & powerful community than the gurjars.The gurjars didn't want to share the O.B.C. status with the jats because this hurt their political ambitions as the members of the jat community won the assembly elections and the LOK SABHA elections in the constituencies reserved for the O.B.C.'s.So the gurjars demanded S.T. status to be in some kind of contention in the elections. .This promise was not kept. In September 2006, the Gujjars organized violent protests, after the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) failed to keep its promise of including the community in the Scheduled Tribes (ST) category.[42] In May 2007, during violent protests over the reservation issue, the members of the Gujjar community clashed with the police twenty six people (including two policemen).[43] Subsequently, the Gujjars protested violently, under various groups including the Gujjar Sangarsh Samiti[44], Gujjar Mahasabha[45] and the Gujjar Action Committee[46] The protestors blocked roads and set fire to two police stations and some vehicles.[47] Presently, the Gurjars in Rajasthan are classified as Other Backward Classes (OBCs).[48].
On June 05, 2007 the Gujjar rioted over their desire to be added to the governments of India list of tribes who are given preference in India government job selection as well as placement in the schools sponsored by the states of India. This preference is given under a system designed to help India's poor and disadvantaged citizens. However, other tribes on the list oppose this request as it would make it harder to obtain the few positions already set aside.[49]
In December 2007, the Akhil Bhartiya Gujjar Mahasabha ("All-India Gurjar Council") stated that the community would boycott BJP, which is in power in Rajasthan.[50]
In early 2000s, the Gujjar community in Rajasthan was also in news for the falling sex ratio, unavailability of brides and the resulting polyandry.[51][52]
See also: 2008 caste violence in Rajasthan
[edit] Uttar Pradesh
In Uttar Pradesh, the Gurjar populations are found mainly in the western U.P. region. This includes Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Meerut, Bijnor, Moradabad, Ghaziabad, Noida, Bulandshahar, and Bareilly. To a lesser extent, they are also found in Rampur, Agra and Bundelkhand. The most common gotras are Adhana, Chaudhry, Mundan, Khubbad, Chhokar, Kalsiyan, Chauhan, Poswal, Rathi, Chechi, Panwar, Bhati,bataar, Baisla, Tomar, Kasana, Karhana, Bhadana and Nagar. Generally, the Gurjars in western U.P. and N.C.R. are well-off; their economy depends on agriculture, milk trade and production, and to a minor extent, real estate.
[edit] Madhya Pradesh
According to the British records, the Gujjar population in Central India was around 56,000 in 1911. Most of these Gujjars were concentrated in the Nimar and Hoshangabad regions of the Narmada vallery. Most of these were migrants from the Gwalior region, while some of the Gujjars in Nimar area were immigrants from Gujarat.[4] Presently, the Gurjars in Madhya Pradesh are classified as Other Backward Classes (OBCs).[53].
[edit] Gujarat and Maharashtra
A few scholars believe that the Leva Kunbis (or Kambis) of Gujarat, a section of the Patidars, are possibly of Gujjar origin.[54][55][56]. However, several others state that the Patidars are Kurmis or Kunbis (Kanbis).[57][58]; the National Commission for Backward Classes of India lists Leva Patidars (or Lewa Petidars) as a sub-caste of Kunbis/Kurmis. Dode Gujar and Dore Gujar are listed as separate caste in Maharastra and Gujjar are included in OBC list in Gujarat but Patidars are not. [59]Most of Patidar associations clearly mention in their history that they are the part of Kurmi Samaj.[60][61][62][63][64][65][66]
Among Marathas, one of the major clans is called "Gujar"[67]. Prataprao Gujar was the third royal Sarnaubat (Commander-in-chief) of Maratha ruler Shivaji's army. Sidhoji Gujar was a notable admiral in Shivaji's navy.[68] The Khandesh region in Maharashtra has a sizable Gujjar population, the major sub-castes being Dode Gujar, Leva Gujar, Bad Gujar etc.
A community using Gurjar and Gurjarpadhye as their surnames resides in the coastal Konkan region of Maharashtra, inhabiting Pangre, Hasol, and other villages in Ratnagiri District. Originally bearing the name "Gurjarpadhye", many now prefer to call themselves Gurjar. The community may have been living in the Konkan region for at least three centuries, although this estimate may be inaccurate. The community is a sub-caste of the larger Karhade Brahmin group[69] and speaks the Marathi language. This community might be a part of the bigger Gujjar community. However, it is difficult to explain how they settled down in the Konkan region and are Brahmins rather than Kshatriyas. Local pandits claim that the Gurjars are essentially a priestly community and that it is only the subcastes that assumed Kshatriya status in order to earn a livelihood in other more practical professions.
Gujjar are also found in some clans of Kshtriya Dhangar. Dode Gujar and Dore Gujar are listed as separate caste in Maharastra and are included in OBC list in Maharashtra.
There is also one another separate caste in Maharashtra called as "Reve Gujars". Dode Gujars and Reve Gujars speak a special kind of language called as "Gujari" or "Gujrau".
[edit] Gujjars in Pakistan
The Muslim Gujjars are considered to be a major tribe in Pakistan. Gujjars have given their names to several places in Pakistan, including Gujranwala, Gujjar Nallah, Gujar Khan, Gojra and Gujrat. Stephen M. Lyon of University of Kent has written about what he calls "Gujarism", the act of Gujars seeking out other Gujars to form associations, and consolidate ties with them, based strictly on tribal affiliation.[6] The Gujjars have migrated and settled in many urban areas of Pakistan. Islamabad, Lahore and Karachi has now large Gujjar population.Over 47% of population of N.W.F.P is estimated to be of Gujjars.Some population is also present in urban and rural areas of Sindh and Balochistan. Ch Rehmat Ali writer of pamphlet "Now or Never" also named Pakistan as "Pakistan". Ch Fazal Elahi former President of Pakistan belongs to Village Marala Tehsil Kharian District Gujrat (Pakistan), Inder Kumar Gujral Indian Prime minister previously belongs to District Jhelum (Pakistan), are famous name among Gujjars of Pakistan.
[edit] Azad Kashmir
There are many prominent Gujjar families in the Pakistan administered Kashmir region, in the following places: Dadyal, Mirpur, Bhalot (Mirpur), Mandi Village (Ddayal), Saliah Village (Dayal), Kund (Dadyal), Kotli (Khoi Ratta, Anderla Kothera, Shaheen Abad, Dakkhana, Phalini, Khor, Ghayeen, Kerjai, Barali Gala, Nidi Sohana, Nakyal, Chooroi, Sehnsa), Bagh (Haveli), Bura Jungle, Muzaffarabad and Neelum District.
[edit] See also
[edit] Further reading
- Prashad, Ram (1992). Tribal Migration in Himalayan Frontiers: Study of Gujjar Bakarwal Transhumance Economy. Vintage Books. ISBN 8185326460.
[edit] External links
- Gujjar history articles and forum. http://freewebtown.com/ashokharsana
- Gurjar's Community Online Forum.
- Gurjar's Community Online
- The Gujjars of the Himalaya
[edit] References
-
^ "Gurjara-Pratihara Dynastyrv". Britannica Concise. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ Smith, Vincent Arthur [1904] (1999). The Early History of India ; From 600 B.C. to the Muhammadan Conquest Including The Invasion of Alexander The Great. Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, 166-174. ISBN 8171566189.
^ a b c Bhandarkar, Devadatta Ramakrishna (1989). Some Aspects of Ancient Indian Culture. Asian Educational Services, 64. ISBN 8120604571.
^ a b Russell, R. V; R.B.H. Lai (1995). Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India. Asian Educational Services, 166-174. ISBN 812060833X.
^ (1996) Gurjara aura Unakā Itihāsa meṃ Yogadāna Vishaya para Prathama Itihāsa Sammelana. The Packard Humanities Institute, 34-65. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ a b c Stephen M. Lyon. "Gujars and Gujarism: simple quaum versus network activism". University of Kent at Canterbury. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ "Gujjars from Georgia: seminar". The Tribune (1999-05-12). Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ Curtis, Glenn E. (2004). Georgia a Country Study. Kessinger Publishing, 89. ISBN 1419121650.
^ Nasmyth, Peter (2001). Georgia: In the Mountains of Poetry. Routledge, 9. ISBN 0700713956.
^ Malabari Gujjar are great fighter they love fights and Gujjar are strongest in the world., Behramji Merwanji; Krishnalal M. Jhaveri (1998). Gujarat and the Gujaratis: Pictures of Men and Manners Taken from Life. Asian Educational Services, 2. ISBN 8120606515.
^ Campbell, James MacNabb; Reginald Edward Enthoven (1901). Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency. Govt. Central Press, 2. ISBN 8120606515.
^ "Juzr or Jurz.". Persian Texts in Translation. The Packard Humanities Institute. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ a b Rose, Horace Arthur (1990). Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province. Asian Educational Services, 300. ISBN 8120605055.
^ Jamanadas, K.. "Rajput Period Was Dark Age Of India", Decline And Fall Of Buddhism: A tragedy in Ancient India. New Delhi: Bluemoon Books. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra [1976] (2002). Readings in Political History of India, Ancient, Mediaeval, and Modern. B.R. Pub. Corp (on behalf of Indian Society for Prehistoric and Quaternary Studies), D.K. Publishers' Distributors, 209. "But he refused to believe that the Imperial Pratiharas of Kanauj were also Gujars in this sense."
^ Imperial Gazetteer of India, vol. 2. Digital South Asia Library, 320. Retrieved on 2007-05-31. "But whatever our theories regarding the infusion of Gujar blood among the Rajputs, there was certainly no Gurjara (Gujar) empire in Northern India"
^ "The Gujur Rajasthani of South Asia". Bethany World Prayer Center (1997). Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ (1993) Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers. Govternment of Uttar Pradesh, 152.
^ "Tourist Places". District Administration Meerut. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ Imperial Gazetteer of India, vol. 20. Digital South Asia Library, 2. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ Imperial Gazetteer of India, vol. 9. Digital South Asia Library, 50. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ Imperial Gazetteer of India, vol. 16. Digital South Asia Library, 201. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ Imperial Gazetteer of India, vol. 12. Digital South Asia Library, 139. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ a b Jivanlala (Jeewan Lal), Munshi; Muin al-Din Hasan Khan [1898] (1974). "Narrative Of Munshi Jeewan Lal", in Charles Metcalfe, 1st Baron Metcalfe: Two Native Narratives of the Mutiny in Delhi. Seema Publications (original publisher: A. Constable & Co), 10-27. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ Agha Humayun Amin (January 2000). "The Delhi Campaign". Defence Journal. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ Sen, Geeti; Ashis Banerjee (2001). The Human Landscape. Orient Longman, 236. ISBN 8125020454.
^ C.R. Bijoy (February 2003). "The Adivasis of India - A History of Discrimination, Conflict, and Resistance". PUCL Bulletin. People's Union for Civil Liberties. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ Meena Radhakrishna (2006-07-16). "Dishonoured by history". folio: Special issue with the Sunday Magazine. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ Imperial Gazetteer of India, vol. 9. Digital South Asia Library, 55. Retrieved on 2007-05-31. "In 1860, the same tracts suffeered, being largely inhabited by Gujars, still impoverished due to their lawlessness in the Mutiny"
^ Imperial Gazetteer of India, vol. 11. Digital South Asia Library, 226. Retrieved on 2007-05-31. "The Gujars (28,ooo) are nearly all Hindus ; they have a bad reputation as thieves, and levy a kind of blackmail on the residents of the civil station by ensuring that the rash householder who does not employ a Gujar watchman shall infallibly have his house robbed."
^ Dr. R.P. Khatana. "Gujari Language and Identity in Jammu and Kashmir". Kashmir News Network: Language Section (koshur.org). Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ Chib, Sukhdev Singh (1977). Himachal Pradesh. Light & Life Publishers, 99.
^ "Congress lauds Gujjar, Poorvanchal voters". The Hindu (2004-05-16). Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ "BJP adds a twist to Pilot's maiden show". The Hindu (2004-04-03). Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ Pradeep Sharma (2003-08-03). "Anti-dowry campaign renewed before marriage season". The Tribune, Chandigarh. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ Parmindar Singh (2003-06-29). "No band, no dhol, and just 11 baratis". The Tribune, Chandigarh. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ a b c "Jammu & Kashmir Data Highlights : The Scheduled Tribes". Census of India 2001. Office of the Registrar General, India. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ Kapoor, A. K.; M. K. Raha, D. Basu, Satwanti Kapoor (1994). Ecology and man in the Himalayas. M. D. Publications, 43-44. ISBN 978-8185880167.
^ "Gujjars, Bakerwals demand Gujaristan in J&K". Indian Express (2002-07-29). Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ a b Radhakrishna Rao (2000-09-04). "Outside the jungle book". Business Line. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ Gooch, Pernille (1998). At the Tail of the Buffalo: Van Gujjar pastoralists between the forest and the world arena. Dept. of Sociology, Lund University. ISBN 9189078535.
^ "Gujjar community goes berserk in Rajasthan". Yahoo! News (2006-09-05). Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ "Gujjar unrest: CPI(M) demands judicial probe". The Hindu (2007-05-30). Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ "Talks between Rajasthan Government, Gujjars collapse". Zee News (2007-05-30). Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ "Gujjars seek resignation of Minister Kalulal Gujjar". Deccan Herald (2007-05-30). Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ "Four dead in Gujjar-police clash in Rajasthan". The Times of India (2007-05-29). Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ "Impoverished villagers burn police stations, vehicles in India". Pravda.ru (2007-05-29). Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ "Central List Of Other Backward Classes: Rajasthan". National Commission for Backward Classes. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ "The Race to the Bottom of India's Ladder". Time Magazine (June 5 2007). Retrieved on 2007-08-26.
^ "Gurjar community 'threatens' to boycott BJP", The Hindu (December 31, 2007). Retrieved on 2007-12-31.
^ Manipadma Jena (2003-08-03). "Men without women". The Hindu. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ Astrid Lobo Gajiwala (2005-02-07). "Diminishing returns". The National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ "Central List Of Other Backward Classes: Madhya Pradesh". National Commission for Backward Classes. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ B K., Mohapatra & R. Trivedi, A. K. Mehta, J. M. Vyas, V. K. Kashyap (2004), "Genetic Diversity at 15 Fluorescent-Labeled Short Tandem Repeat Loci in the Patel and Other Communities of Gujarat, India.", American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology 25(2): 108112, doi:10.1097/01.paf.0000114137.01885.01, <The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology - Abstract: Volume 25(2) June 2004 p 108-112 Genetic Diversity at 15 Fluorescent-Labeled Short Tandem Repeat Loci in the Patel and Other Communities of Gujarat, India.>. Retrieved on 31 May 2007, "They are a section of the Kambi who address themselves as Patidar, and probably they are Gujjar in origin."
^ "Buldhana: Castes". Buldhana District Gazetteer. Gazetteers Department, Cultural Affairs Department of Government of Maharashtra. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ Panjabi, Kewalram Lalchand (1977). The Indomitable Sardar. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 4. "Vallabhbhai Patel belonged to the famous clan of Leva Patidars who played a notable role in the history of Gujarat. They were Gujars who came from Punjab and had occupied the rich charotar land between Mahi and Tapti rivers."
^ "Culture and Traditions". Patidar Samaj. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ Pocock, David Francis (1972). Kanbi and Patidar: A Study of the Patidar Community of Gujarat. Clarendon Press. ISBN 019823175X.
^ "Central List of Other Backward Classes". National Commission for Backward Classes. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ "Culture and Traditions". Patidar Samaj. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ "Leuva Connextion Issue 2 May 2006". Leuva Patidar Samaj USA. Retrieved on 2007-09-16.
^ "PRIDE OF OUR HISTORY". Sree Kadwa Patidar Samaj UK. Retrieved on 2007-09-16.
^ "HISTORY OF THE MATIYA PATIDAR SAMAJ". Matiya Patidar Samaj. Retrieved on 2007-09-16.
^ "Culture and Traditions". Patidar Samaj. Retrieved on 2007-09-16.
^ "The Patidars : A Golden Page in History". Patidar Samaj. Retrieved on 2007-09-16.
^ Pocock, David Francis (1972). Kanbi and Patidar: A Study of the Patidar Community of Gujarat. Clarendon Press. ISBN 019823175X.
^ "Rural & Urban Population". Nagpur District Gazetteer. Gazetteers Department, Cultural Affairs Department of Government of Maharashtra. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
^ "Maritime History Of India". Indian Navy. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
- ^ Saraswati, Baidyanath (1977). Brahmanic Ritual Traditions in the Crucible of Time. Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 45.
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Two men who were shot and killed in a love-triangle dispute have been identified by the Medical Examiner's Office.
John Noble Evans, 68, barged into his ex-girlfriend's City Heights apartment on June 16 and shot her new boyfriend, identified Friday as 64-year-old Joseph Hollis, according to San Diego police.
Evans then refused to surrender to police and fired more gunshots from the doorway of the apartment on Winona Avenue. Two officers returned fire, striking Evans multiple times. Both Evans and Hollis died shortly after at a hospital. No one else was injured.
A friend of Evans said he had been suicidal over the breakup.

subset: commoncrawl


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Should we increase my father's metoprolol?
My father, 88 yr old, on hemodialysis had new onset of AFib. Started metoprolol ER 25 mg at night. For a week. He developed lots of PVCS. He is in sinus 68 currently. Should we go up metoprolol to 50 mg ER one a day? Thanks.
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Presumably, you all tuned into part one of our African epic, which involved Hammond, May and Clarkson trying to find the source of the Nile in £1500 estate cars they bought off the internet.
And our triumvirate of bangers - a BMW 5-Series, Subaru Impreza WRX wagon, and a Volvo 850 T5-R - made good truck of demonstrating that exploration's actually quite hard. Especially when pebble-smooth tarmac gives way to oceans of mud. Even more especially when said cars, which aren't really up to the job as standard, have been modded so the presenters can sleep in them….
But they've also proved that it is just - just - possible. So far… Check out our exclusive gallery to remind yourself of the trials and tribulations they faced. And don't forget to tune in to BBC Two or BBC HD on Sunday, 8:00pm for part two.


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Northwest Olympic Athletes
The Great Pacific Northwest is being represented in Sochi this year by eight athletes and one very...
2014 Olympic Winter Games
The Opening Ceremonies for the 2014 Olympic Winter Games will begin on February 7th in Sochi,...
< Mid West Braces For Big Storm
Feb 22, 2013 07:16
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Category: General News
Pistorius Faces Judge Decision On Bail
PRETORIA, South Africa (AP) — Olympian and double amputee Oscar Pistorius, facing a murder charge in the death of his girlfriend, is getting the word from a magistrate at this hour on whether he'll be released on bail. The prosecution vehemently opposed bail to Chief Magistrate Desmond Nair in a case that has transfixed South Africans. Pistorius says he thought he was shooting at an intruder in his house.


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The "L" Shaped Modular Raised Garden Bed offers 80 sq. ft. of garden area. With easy access, your veggies are within arm's reach. This unit fits nicely in a corner or anywhere you want to plant vegetables, fruit or herbs. Raised beds are planters with open bottoms so plant roots can penetrate the ground below. With these beds you eliminate tilling, soil amending, and minimize weeding. They are quick and easy to assemble plant and maintain. Easily adapt square foot gardening techniques to these beds. The rough sawn rustic appearance looks great in any setting.
- Exclusive 5-year warranty
- 80 sq. ft. of planting garden area
- Unfinished rough sawn rustic look
- Dovetail design slides together in minutes
- 100% Western red cedar
- Handcrafted in the USA
- Soil Capacity: 70 cu. ft.


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wikiHow to Dominate Call of Duty 2 Zombie Mod
On Call of Duty 2 Multiplayer, there is special mods that have a "zombie" mode. This is similar to infection however you will have to download something onto your computer. This can be found on gamespot.com.
1Ladder glitch. ladder glitching is when one person climbs a ladder and stays at the top. Then another person climbs up the ladder and they both climb up into the air. (Your FPS must be 15, to change your FPS open console (tilde,`) and type /com_maxfps 15.)
2When you ladder glitch (also known as lg) choose the sniper rifle or other distance weapon so you can pick off the zombies.
3If you can't lg, then DON'T do it. this will get people mad and maybe to the point of kicking you. Find a room or alley where there is only one entrance. Then get a powerful and fast weapon like the mp44. (to get the mp44, open console, /openscriptmenu weapon_german mp44_mp) Then get ready and fire on sight of an enemy. If they get to close do not keep firing but switch to your knife and bash (hit them with your knife)
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- Practice bashing!!! You will need it for when you run out of ammo, or the enemy gets too close. This is a very important skill!
- On some maps one of the lgers will have to "call". This is when they will shout follow me and you will climb down with the other person.
- Get someone who you know is good at lg...it's a lot easier to lg with both people who know how to lg.
- When you first start out you will die a lot but don't get discouraged.
- You may be considered a noob by other players because of ladder glitching. Real players play zombie mod as intended, that is, as a last man standing game, without ladder glitching and using roofs and other too secure spots.
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1Place cereal in resealable food-storage plastic bag; seal bag and crush with rolling pin or meat mallet (or crush in food processor). Sprinkle both sides of chicken with 1/2 teaspon salt and the pepper. In shallow dish, place milk. In another shallow dish, place cereal; dip chicken into milk, then coat with cereal.
2In 12-inch nonstick skillet, heat 2 tablespoons of the oil over medium heat. Cook chicken in oil 15 minutes, turning once, until juice of chicken is clear when thickest part is cut (170°F). Remove chicken from skillet; cover to keep warm.
3In same skillet, heat remaining 2 tablespoons oil over medium heat. Cook zucchini, eggplant, roasted peppers, onion and garlic in oil 3 minutes, stirring occasionally. Stir in 3 tablespoons water and the lime juice; cook about 1 minute or until vegetables are crisp-tender.
4Meanwhile, in 2-quart saucepan, heat 1 1/2 cups water and 1/4 teaspoon salt to boiling. Stir in couscous. Cover; remove from heat and let stand 5 minutes or until water is absorbed. Fluff couscous with fork.
5On large serving platter, place couscous. Top with chicken and vegetables. Serve with lime wedges.


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What if: In 1849, Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore were killed in an accident, elevating the Senate president pro tem to the US presidency.
Synopsis: David Atchison's presence in the White House provokes the abolitionist North into secession, leading to a different Civil War.
Published in Alternate Presidents.
Original title: How the South Preserved the Union
Original languages:
Genre: Fiction→ Science Fiction→ World Versions→ Alternate Histories
This work is a subwork of the following works : Alternate Presidents (1992) [Anthology] Authors: David Gerrold
, Barry N. Malzberg
, Pat Cadigan
, Lawrence Watt-Evans
, Mike Resnick
, Kristine Kathryn Rusch
, Robert Sheckley
, Jack L. Chalker
, Susan M. Shwartz
, Jody Lynn Nye
, Michael P. Kube-McDowell
, Barbara Delaplace
, Brian M. Thomsen
, Jack Nimersheim
, Jayge Carr
, Thomas Easton
, Judith Moffett
, Ralph Roberts
, Bill Fawcett
, Laura Resnick
, Tappan King
, Janet Kagan
, Martha Soukup
, Glen E. Cox
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The journey to build each Festival year's Royal Court begins in September, when the 23 participating high schools around Pierce County start the Selection process to choose their Princess representative.
Any high school located within the boundaries of Pierce County may be invited to apply to participate in the Festival, and the authority to do so is vested in the Board of Directors. Each school is limited to one Princess representative, and is held responsible for the orderly and timely selection of their Princess, with each candidate being judged under the same criteria.
High Schools invited to participate must meet the following requirements during the Festival year:
- 1) Advise the Festival's Board of Directors by the first of September of their desire to participate and their willingness to follow these requirements.
- 2) Enter a float in the previous year's Grand Floral Parade on behalf of the participating school district permitted to have a Princess.
Each participating high school's Princess Selection is open to the public and may involve other students in the school. Current participating high school includes Bethel, Bonney Lake, Chief Leschi, Clover Park, Curtis, Eatonville, Emerald Ridge, Fife, Franklin Pierce, Graham Kapowsin, Henry Foss, Lakes, Lincoln, Mt. Tahoma, Orting, Puyallup, Rogers, Spanaway Lake, Stadium, Sumner, Washington, White River, and Wilson.


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Editor note: This is a collection of Amstrad CPC Mini reviews that CPC4EVA put together recently. We are offering some of these as single releases, along with being included in this list. This is being done to see which is more popular with our readers and to help us decide the best way to handle […]
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EOF Activities
Sometimes students can feel lost going from a smaller educational environment to a large college campus.The adjustment from being one of few to being one of many can be eased by becoming involved in campus activities and clubs.
There is a strong connection between student involvement in campus activities and student satisfaction related to the college experience.
Some benefits of membership and active involvement in a college club or organization are forming new friendships, developing leadership and advocacy skills, developing a greater self awareness and vision for your future as well as contributing to the improvement of the campus environment and that of the community at large.
The EOF Department coordinates several programs that facilitate student interaction in pursuit of a common goal.We encourage you to become involved in an EOF based club or one of the others that are a part of the campus community!There is something for everyone….the important thing is that you get involved!


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.- The Cardinal Newman Society has announced that it has begun sending "Spiritual Bouquet Certificates" of hundreds of thousands of prayers to the 83 bishops who publicly opposed the University of Notre Dame's commencement invitation to President Barack Obama.
The "bouquets" consists of hundreds of thousands of prayers, primarily from people who had signed the Cardinal Newman Society's (CNS) petition opposing the invitation. They include over 116,000 Mass intentions, 74,900 Divine Mercy chaplets, 146,000 Rosaries and 28,000 Days of Fasting.
Certificates for the bouquet read "On behalf of the members and staff of The Cardinal Newman Society and the more than 367,000 faithful who signed the petition at NotreDameScandal.com, this spiritual bouquet is made on the twenty-ninth day of May Anno Domini Nostri Jesu Christi two thousand and nine in grateful appreciation to the Church's shepherds who prayerfully provided witness for a strong Catholic identity on Catholic campuses."
Priests reportedly offered 2,272 Masses for the bishops.
A CNS press release said the prayers were offered in thanksgiving for the bishops' "inspiring witness to the importance of Catholic Identity." The society had requested the prayers on Ascension Thursday, May 21 and sent them to the bishops on Friday, May 29 before Pentecost Sunday.
"Our bishops deserve our support and prayers for their defense of Catholic identity, and as the battle for the soul of Catholic campuses continues, the bishops will need them more than ever," remarked CNS president Patrick J. Reilly.


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I got this CD, listened to it a few times and thought: "Damn, this is overrated". But I decided to search for more reviews on it, and they all kept on saying: "Clandestine is a masterpiece of european death metal". So I decided to listen to it with more care. It should be a revealing listening experience, so I got my headphones, waited everyone to go out (so the people woudn't take my attention away). After all, I pressed "play".
The listening revealed me an aspect that was unnoticed in the first listens: The scary, terror-movie-like atmosphere. The guitarists and the vocalists are responsible for this. They bust out some heavy death riffs (and because of their characteristic guitar tone, there's a built-in sense of evilness on them. You don't believe? Go listen to Morbid Angel's "Lord of All Fevers and Plages"), for example, the first one in "Chaos Breed". There are also plenty of haunting guitar lines and solos (0:48 at "Sinners Bleed" and the last part of "Evilyn" respectively). Nicke Andersson can be credited by his evil lyrics and growly vocal delivery. His vocals sound like a much more extreme version of Max Cavalera. He abuses the traditional "UUUUURRRGGHHH!" of death metal, and sometimes he seems to be giving orders ("Stranger Aeons") and even dialoging with the backing vocalist ("Crawl"). The backing vocalist also provides some ultra tortured screams (2:50 to 3:30 at "Sinners Bleed" and the middle part at Evilyn). To complement, there is some keyboard usage (don't worry, the keyboard lines won't last more than 2 or 3 seconds).
The music is pretty good. The guitars have that trademark buzzssaw sound (courtesy of Sunlight Studios), and there are some great riffs, of the death metal and thrash variations. This album seems to be in the death/thrash border. I might even say it's a bit more thrash than DM (45% DM and 55% thrash. Harsher thrash, but still thrash). Most riffs are great, but there are some noteworthy: The first one at "Evilyn", the majority at "Sinners Bleed", the DM riff at the start of "Crawl", 2:08 at "Blessed Be" (very good) and my favorite riff on the CD, "Severe Burns" at 1:29. Morbid Saint has a similar riff but I forgot in which song. Don't ask me if it's a ripoff!
The lead guitar has some good solos, nothing special, though the one at "Chaos Breed" is pretty good. The slower solos have some melody.
The drumming isn't Flo Mounier or Proscriptor-style but it does work ok. It's just snare-bass plus some long fills. These are nailed at the right moments, avoiding overloading (like Morbid Angel's "Covenant"). I wish I could listen to more double-bass here. Blasting is absent, but I'm sure it wouldn't go well here (meh, they don't go well anywhere). Once in a blue moon the drummer screws up, but hey, let's not get nitpicky. As for the bass, I think it could be used as another ambience tool, just like Cryptopsy's "Phobophile", after the piano intro or some songs on Marduk's "Dark Endless". Obviously, it's buried under the buzzsaw guitars.
The songs are great. I'd choose as highlights "Living Dead", which is my favorite song here because of its mindless agression, "Sinners Bleed" and "Evilyn". But every other song has its great moments, even the Evilyn/Sinners Bleed cross called "Stranger Aeons". The weakest song here is the last one, due the lack of good riffs (though the intro is decent).
After listening to it, I understood why this is so praised. Entombed laid the ground for many bands from Sweden, including DM-era Marduk and what those Gothenburg bands have that can be called "heavy". It really deserves all the praise and must be owned.


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Weekly Update from the Desk of Senator Andrea Stewart-Cousins: Week of 2/11/11 to 2/18/11
From Albany
"WOMEN WORKING IT" WORKSHOP: Senator Andrea Stewart-Cousins has organized a business workshop for women at the annual Black, Puerto Rican, Hispanic and Asian Legislative Caucus weekend. The workshop, which is taking place on Saturday, February 19 at 1:00 PM, in Meeting Room 6 of the Empire State Plaza Concourse, will offer valuable information to women entrepreneurs and business owners. The panelists include Teri Coaxum, Regional Advocate for the Small Business Administration; Yrthya Dinzey-Flores, Chief Diversity Officer for Governor Andrew Cuomo, Quenia Abreu, President & CEO of New York Women's Chamber and other successful women business owners and government partners.
LEGISLATURE AUTHORIZES VILLAGES TO USE LEVER VOTING MACHINES: This week, the Senate passed S. 3216, co-sponsored by Senator Stewart-Cousins, which allows villages throughout the State of New York to use lever voting machines for local elections until December 31, 2012. The legislation has already passed the Assembly and must receive Governor Cuomo's signature to become law.
GOVERNOR CUOMO INTRODUCES INDEPENDENT REDISTRICTING BILL: Governor Andrew Cuomo introduced legislation this week to create an independent redistricting commission. Senator Andrea Stewart-Cousins issued this statement in support: "Governor Cuomo's legislation is a crucial step towards a more fair, transparent and independent redistricting process. By creating an independent commission, we will ensure that this government is more representative of its people and not the party that happens to be in power at that time. I signed Mayor Koch's pledge last fall to end the practice of gerrymandering and I expect that the rest of my colleagues who also did so will join me in supporting Governor Cuomo's legislation."
LEGISLATION TO ADDRESS OVERBURDENED YONKERS CITY COURT: Senator Andrea Stewart-Cousins introduced S. 3265 this week, which authorizes the City of Yonkers to have seven City Court Judges, one more than currently allowed by law. The Senator's legislation, which was recommended by the New York State Unified Court System, will ease the backlog of cases that exists in Yonkers City Court. Yonkers is the largest City in Westchester County and the fourth largest in the State, and the City Court handles cases ranging from the most serious criminal felonies to minor traffic violations. With just six City Judges, this caseload has overburdened the court. By allowing a seventh judge, this legislation will ensure that justice is served in a timely manner.
SENATE DEMOCRATS UNVEIL ETHICS REFORM LEGISLATION: Senate Democrats this week urged passage of an ethics reform package, which will create an independent redistricting commission, require legislators to disclose their outside incomes and improve transparency in campaign financing. At the press conference, Senator Stewart-Cousins spoke of the significance of these reforms, and added "we owe it to the public to pass this ethics package so that New Yorkers have a government that they are proud of."
From the District
ISSUES PROCLAMATIONS FOR 'TRAILBLAZERS':Senator Andrea Stewart-Cousins presented proclamations from the New York State Senate to three prominent Westchester residents who were honored this week at the Annual Westchester County Trailblazer's Program. The proclamations were issued in recognition of Pennye W. Nash, co-owner and executive director of Sancia Health Care Inc; Wiley C. Harrison, owner of The Business of Your Business (BYB) in White Plains; and Judge Kathie E. Davidson, Supervising Judge for the Westchester Family Courts and Acting Supreme Court Justice in the Ninth Judicial District.
ANNOUNCES "COFFEE AND CONVERSATION" AT MT. PLEASANT LIBRARY: Senator Andrea Stewart-Cousins will hold a "Coffee and Conversation" at the Mt. Pleasant Public Library on Saturday March 12 at 10:30 AM with Westchester County Legislator John Nonna. This is the first in a series of "Coffee and Conversation" events that will take place around her district throughout the spring. Members of the community are invited to enjoy coffee and speak with the Senator and other participating Legislators about any topic. To RSVP please contact John Tomlin at 914-423-4031.
SPEAKS AT SAUNDERS HIGH SCHOOL FOR BLACK HISTORY MONTH: Senator Andrea Stewart-Cousins spoke to juniors and seniors at Saunders High School this week, covering a range of topics including civics and the importance of registering to vote.
READS TO CHILDREN AT GREENBURGH BARNES AND NOBLE: Senator Andrea Stewart-Cousins read to children at the invitation of Greenburgh Barnes and Noble on Tarrytown Road this week, in honor of Black History Month. The Senator read three books to a group gathered in the children's section of the bookstore.


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Brontothere, member of an extinct genus (Brontotherium) of large, hoofed, herbivorous mammals found as fossils in North American deposits of the Oligocene Epoch (36.6 to 23.7 million years ago). Brontotherium is representative of the titanotheres, large perissodactyls that share a common ancestry with the horse; indeed, the titanotheres probably were derived from a form that was very similar to the dawn horse (Hyracotherium). Adult brontotheres stood up to 2.5 m (about 8 feet) high at the shoulder. Although the skull was massive and long, the brain was smaller than the brains of most living hoofed mammals. A pair of large horns at the front of the animal's skull was united at their base but split toward their apex. The teeth were large, but they were primitive and adapted to consuming soft vegetation.
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text:
A new report shows that pickup trucks are not just popular among Texas drivers -- they also are what thieves want to steal.
The Texas Department of Public Safety issued its list of the top vehicles stolen in Texas in 2012:
- Ford pickup
- Chevrolet pickup
- Dodge pickup
- Honda Civic
- Chevrolet Tahoe
- Honda Accord
- GMC pickup
- Chevrolet Impala
- Toyota Camry
- Ford Taurus
"If you have one of these vehicles here in the state of Texas, be aware they are more heavily targeted and the thief is looking for an opportunity to steal," said Michelle Lanham of Reduce Auto Theft Texas.
The DPS list is compiled from vehicle theft data entered into the Texas Crime Information Center by all law enforcement agenices in the state.
Lanham says thieves are looking to sell the parts, particularly those belonging to older trucks.
"Parts -- what kind of vehicles need parts? It's not new ones, it's old ones," she said.
Lanham said the best way to keep your vehicle safe is hide any belongings inside the car and lock it.
Also, be extra careful when parking in large and crowded parking lots.


text: Surrey teen captains Canada to historic win - Surrey Now March 26, 201012:00AM PDT Next It's two dreams come true and counting for Nicole Setterlund after the Semiahmoo soccer standout captained Canada to a historic win at the CONCACAF zone Women's U-17 World Cup qualifying tournament in Costa Rica last weekend. When Setterlund, 17, was invited to attend Canada's selection camp last fall, her dream was to play for her country. After achieving that goal, the dream became winning an international event. After Canada upended Mexico 1-0 in the CONCACAF championship game in Costa Rica Saturday, the bubbly teen could cross another dream off her list while adding a new one. "It seemed so unreal at the moment," she said of the win over Mexico. "Later on in our room with the big trophy I had the oddest feeling; I felt so complete. We had accomplished something I had dreamed of doing -- I had gone into an international competition and won. It felt so awesome and now I want to do it again at the World Cup so badly." Setterlund has been playing organized soccer since age five and progressed up the rep team ranks. As a 15-year-old, Setterlund played at the U-16 level before moving up to play U-18 soccer with the Whitecaps when she was just 16. That Whitecaps team won the Canada Games tournament last year where Setterlund caught the eye of national team selectors. She was invited to the national team tryouts where, despite being hobbled by injuries at two separate camps, the talented midfielder showed enough skill and cool thinking to not only earn a place with the team, she was selected as the captain of the girls representing the home and native land. "I was really excited when I found out I made it because it was a dream come true," she said. "I cried and I had to tap my mom on the shoulder to show her the email on the computer. I really didn't know what to think at first because it seemed so unreal. I never really imagined myself on a national team." Last month the Canadian team convened in Florida for a short training camp before heading to Trinidad for a warm-up tourney prior to the CONCACAF qualifying event. When the team finally arrived in the Costa Rican capital of San Jose, Setterlund and her teammates found out the climate and altitude -- San Jose is at an elevation of 1,161 metres above sea level, 1,160 metres higher than Vancouver -- was much different than they were accustomed to. Canada won their opening game 4-1 over Jamaica and then edged Panama 2-1 in their next outing. After falling to Mexico 1-0, the Canadian girls wound up second in their pool with a semifinal date against the powerhouse U.S. team. Setterlund said the Canadians knew they had their hands full after watching the U.S. demolish Costa Rica 10-0 earlier in the tourney. "We watched goal after goal after goal," Setterlund said. "Don't get me wrong, Costa Rica is a good team. They played Mexico in the semifinals and lost in overtime. When I saw we were going to play the U.S. I thought, 'Oh my goodness, we're done.' Then I thought, 'Hey, the underdogs have done it before so why not us?'" Adding to the pressure was the knowledge that only the two finalists of the CONCACAF tourney would qualify for the World Cup tourney later this year. Knowing the Americans could score a lot of goals in a short amount of time, the Canadians employed a defensive strategy combined with timely counterattacks to create scoring opportunities. The game plan worked as Canada and the U.S. played to a scoreless tie through regulation and overtime. The game was settled on penalty kicks where Canada won 5-3. With the U.S. eliminated and the Canadians assured of a berth in the World Cup, there was just one task left to accomplish -- beat Mexico. Canada had lost to the Mexicans twice already, once in Trinidad and again in the preliminary round. The third time was a charm as Kinley McNicoll scored 12 minutes into the contest to break a Canadian scoreless drought that stretched back almost three games. Canada received a scare in the second half when a defender was sent off with her second yellow card of the game. Playing with 10 players for the final 35 minutes, the Canadians reverted to the game plan that worked so well against the U.S. The defense held once again and Canada captured its first CONCACAF U-18 title. As captain, Setterlund accepted the championship trophy but the language barrier delayed another pleasant surprise. "I didn't know I had won the MVP because they announced it in Spanish," she said with a giggle. "They said something about 'el capitano' and I was already accepting the big championship trophy. This guy came and shook my hand but I thought it was for winning the tournament. "Later on the bus ride home, a coach asked me how it felt to be MVP of an international tournament. That's when I found out I was the MVP." With her first taste of international success, Setterlund is now focusing all of her energy in building on that at the World Cup in Trinidad in September. "We had a saying on our team -- one day, one game, one step, one moment at a time," she said. "Now I know what I'm working for and I have incentive to keep working hard all summer." © Surrey Now 2010 Next


text:
The Second Empress: A Novel of Napoleon's Court
The Second Empress: A Novel of Napoleon's Court
Readers who enjoy dramatic, character-based historical fiction --- especially novels starring under-recognized female legends who have influenced history radically --- should consider Michelle Moran's bestsellers, each one an excellent stand-alone book. Her fourth novel is fairly short (around 300 pages) and features an unknown woman with a riveting life story: Princess Marie-Louise of Austria, second wife to Napoleon Bonaparte and mother to the sole heir of the French Empire.
THE SECOND EMPRESS presents a shrewd tale of Napoleon's later life, personal exploits, and odd character traits, based upon extensive research and surviving letters. This is a story of Napoleon's divorce and remarriage to an Austrian princess after he brought down the Holy Roman Empire, in essence destroying Austria's time of glory and forcing submission of the world's greatest powers. The French Empire was truly an idea conceived by the mischief of a single man.
"Moran's novel is entertaining and sure to become another bestseller. Empress Marie-Louise of Austria makes a compelling heroine to whom readers, particularly women, will find it easy to relate."
In the later era of Napoleon's life when he was potbellied and overindulged, he became desperate to provide France with an heir, especially after it was clear that his first wife, Josephine, was infertile and unfaithful. Despite his continued professions of love for Josephine throughout his life, Napoleon forced her out but let her keep the title First Empress. This was followed by an unprecedented marriage proposal to Marie-Louise of Austria, presented coldly and as a tactic of force against the Austrian nation --- though the purpose of the marriage was important to him on a personal level. The princess accepted only out of fear and loyalty to her country, highly discouraged by the idea of having to live with "the ogre" and let him touch her, but determined to abide by the Treaty of Schonbrunn and save her father's throne through the union.
The book provides little-known information about Napoleon's private motives and public genius, and sheds light on his tendencies toward compulsive egotism. As much as Napoleon's early life was consumed by war and power, few battles are covered here (only Waterloo, Leipzig, and the invasion of Russia, briefly.) The book is more of a character study about Napoleon's carnal appetites and idiosyncrasies --- his wicked thoughts, the women he loved, seduced and bullied, the state of the Empire, why the French were so influenced by his fantastic charisma in spite of hundreds of thousands of French deaths he was personally responsible for, the fatal flaws that led to his undoing.
The storytelling alternates among several differing points of view: that of Napoleon's wife, Marie-Louise, who loathed her husband and remained faithful to Austria and in love with an Austrian count throughout life; Napoleon's sex-crazed, venal, Egypt-obsessed sister Pauline, a beautiful woman who adored Napoleon and had enough lovers to warrant her reputation as a nymphomaniac, but privately was attempting to seduce her brother; and the gallant Haitian chancellor Paul Moreau, whose love for Pauline was definite, but perhaps the only Frenchman who ever spent a significant time around any of the Bonapartes and escaped unscathed, with better intentions and virtues intact.
By book's end, as Moran paints him, Napoleon is exactly what we expect him to be: callous, cruel, intelligent, ambitious, tyrannical. But there are many other details that do come as a surprise, including substantial evidence that Napoleon was slightly mad and severely affected by failing health over years before his actual life's end, the apparent result of the same stomach malignancy that killed him. There is also a fair case here that Napoleon had significant psychological problems, manifested by mania, strange obsessions, and cold-hearted insensitivities extending to every living thing, including (and perhaps most especially) his sisters, wives and son. In contrast, Princess Marie-Louise is painted as quiet, intelligent, self-sacrificing, a relatable heroine with modern appeal, and a woman whose betrayal made her a primary force in Napoleon's eventual downfall.
THE SECOND EMPRESS begins at the turn of the 19th century and ends shortly after Napoleon's death in the 1820s, skipping his rise to power and covering his fall in greater detail. Though Michelle Moran is harsh in her portrayal of him, Napoleon does seem to deserve his reputation and has also been dealt with fairly in being credited for the important legal reforms he enacted, most especially the Napoleonic Code that abolished slavery and provided religious freedom for France and all its territories. Moran's novel is entertaining and sure to become another bestseller. Empress Marie-Louise of Austria makes a compelling heroine to whom readers, particularly women, will find it easy to relate.
Reviewed by Melanie Smith on August 24, 2012
The Second Empress: A Novel of Napoleon's Court
- Publication Date: May 21, 2013
- Genres: Fiction, Historical Fiction
- Paperback: 336 pages
- Publisher: Broadway


text:
"The Prodigal Son Returns," by Jim Schutze, January 8
Call Him Ishmael
It appears that Jim Schutze may be going a bit over the deep end on W's return to Dallas, like Wile E. Coyote chasing the Roadrunner. Jim, channel your good mother, breathe deeply and remember every mother's good advice: Everything will be OK.
George W. Bush
If that doesn't work, then up your Prozac dosage. I can't bear the thought of Jim going full Ahab and nailing a gold doubloon to the wall in the Observer's editorial offices as the prize for the first crewmate, er, reporter, who spots the great white "W"(hale).
Bob Loftus, Dallas
It's good to see that they force former presidents to register with the authorities when they move into a neighborhood, much like they do for pedophiles. We need to know when criminals are in our midst. Hopefully, he will be forced to stay more than 500 feet away from everything he abused: schools, Iraqis, banks, large flood areas, the Constitution, people who work for a living, the environment, etc.
Edwin Mullins, Dallas
There's no doubt that Schutze's assessment of Bush as the worst president in history is accurate. And no, he's not going to look better in the future. I'm with the late George Carlin on the respect issue. Carlin argued that nobody is entitled to automatic respect; it has to be earned. It's the same for presidents. Bush earned our contempt as a despot and a liar.
A president takes an oath to preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States, not to shred it into little pieces, light it on fire and then brag about it. As is typical of a tyrant, Mr. Bush claimed the right to do anything, without limitation, simply because he was president. And that's exactly what he did.
It's not hyperbole to say that President Bush and dozens of high-level administration officials intentionally committed war crimes, specifically authorizing and encouraging the torture of prisoners, most of whom had no connection with terrorism. Those crimes are well-documented by the distinguished British jurist Philippe Sands in his recent book Torture Team. No reasonable person can conclude otherwise.
Bush knowingly engaged in illegal felonious wiretapping, claimed the power in signing statements to ignore congressionally enacted law, tried to suppress science—specifically the science of climate change—he abetted industry in the destruction of our environment and flouted the rule of law. I'll tell you what I respect. I respect Mr. Bush's right to legal counsel and to stand trial along with the rest of the criminals in his administration before an international tribunal for war crimes.
William Winston Newbill, Dallas
Dear Jim Schutze: Let me say that I have always been an admirer of you. I enjoyed reading your columns. But I was totally shocked and dismayed by your "The Prodigal Son Returns." This piece on President Bush was so mean-spirited and nasty that you have completely destroyed my desire to read another word you print.
Your column is the quintessential example of what is wrong with America today. There is no civil discourse; different political opinion is not to be tolerated. I can only speak for myself, but while I did not vote for Obama and have basic philosophical differences with the liberal view, I would never put down such disgusting, unkind, hate-filled words to express my opinion about him or his political views.
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Have you no regard for me, even if I am the only conservative that has ever read your column? I could not believe what I was reading. Every time a pundit, actor, comedian, former roommate or whoever, lets loose with vitriolic speech or comment, I cringe because they are attacking me. I would be happy to participate in respectful dialogue, but nasty attack is wrong, wrong, wrong. And the length to which it has gone is scary. It frightens me to contemplate what would have happened if Obama had lost the election. With such vitriol, the people might have gone farther than just speech to express dissatisfaction.
President Bush has been a particular model of graciousness. But you wonder, in print, how you can show your disgust and rally others to do the same.
Shame on you.
Joan Bowman, Dallas


text:
A Phase I Clinical Trial of an HPV Therapeutic Vaccine
This study has been completed.
University of Arkansas
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First Posted: July 30, 2012
Last Update Posted: October 12, 2016
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
University of Arkansas
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
This study will consist of 300 women aged 18-50 years. The study will show that a new therapeutic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine designed to regress a precancerous condition called high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (HSIL)is safe. HPV is known to cause cervical, vaginal, oral, and anal cancers. This novel vaccine will consist of a synthetically made fragment of HPV protein called E6 and yeast extract called Candin®. Previous studies have revealed that immune response to E6 is important in fighting HPV. We also know that injecting Candin has anti-HPV effect since it has been used to treat common warts which are caused by different types of HPV. The current standard treatment for HSIL is loop electrical excision procedure (LEEP). The immune system is the part of the body that fights infection and cancer. This research study will also examine the immune response to the vaccine and its effectiveness in regressing HSIL. Volunteers would be eligible to enroll in the study if they have had a recent Papanicolaou (Pap) smear result indicating HSIL or "Cannot rule out HSIL", and if they meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Subjects will be eligible to receive vaccinations if biopsy confirms HSIL. A series of four vaccinations will be given roughly 3 weeks apart, and LEEP will be performed at the end of the study approximately 12 weeks after the last vaccination.
|Human Papillomavirus
|Biological: Vaccine consisting of four HPV-16 E6 peptides in combination with Candin®
|Phase 1
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
|Official Title:
|A Phase I Clinical Trial of an HPV Therapeutic Vaccine
Further study details as provided by University of Arkansas:
Primary Outcome Measures:
- safety [ Time Frame: immediately then up to 7 days post vaccinations ]real-time safety measurement of the combined administration of HPV vaccine and Candin® as measured by dose limiting toxicity as defined by adverse events; safety will be assessed at time of vaccination, 30 minutes post-injection, and daily for 7 days post injections.
Secondary Outcome Measures:
- clinical and virological/immunological response to the HPV vaccine [ Time Frame: within weeks of vaccinations or procedures ]Clinical response as defined by loop electrical excision procedure (LEEP); virological assessment to assess the clearance of HPV infection after vaccination; immunological assessments of T-Cells and circulating immune cells (regulated T-Cells and myeloid derived suppressor cells); and assessment of cervical immune cells.
|Study Start Date:
|August 2012
|Study Completion Date:
|July 2015
|Primary Completion Date:
|July 2015 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Assigned Interventions
Experimental: vaccination
an escalating dose study of a vaccine consisting of four HPV-16 E6 peptides in combination with Candin® to determine the clinically optimum dose (COD), immunologically optimal dose (IOD), and maximum tolerated dose (MTD). An additional 30 subjects will be vaccinated at the final dose (apparent COD) for further assessment of clinical response.
|Biological: Vaccine consisting of four HPV-16 E6 peptides in combination with Candin®
Information from the National Library of Medicine
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years to 50 Years (Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Aged 18-50 years
- Had recent Pap smear result consistent with HSIL or "cannot rule out HSIL" or HSIL on biopsy
- Untreated for HSIL or "Cannot rule out HSIL"
- Able to provide informed consent
- Certain physical exam and blood component parameters within acceptable ranges
- Willingness and able to comply with the requirements of the protocol with a good command of the English language
Exclusion Criteria:
- History of disease or treatment causing immunosuppression (e.g., cancer, HIV, organ transplant, autoimmune disease)
- Being pregnant or attempting to be pregnant within the period of enrollment
- Breast feeding or planning to breast feed within the period of enrollment
- Allergy to Candida antigen
- History of severe asthma requiring emergency room visit or hospitalization
- Current use of beta-blocker medication (may not respond to epinephrine in case of anaphylaxis)
- If in the opinion of the Principal Investigator or other Investigators, it is not in the best interest of the patient to enter this study
Contacts and Locations
Information from the National Library of Medicine
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01653249
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01653249
|United States, Arkansas
|University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
|Little Rock, Arkansas, United States, 72205
Sponsors and Collaborators
University of Arkansas
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
|Principal Investigator:
|Mayumi Nakagawa, MD, PhD
|University of Arkansas
|Principal Investigator:
|William W Greenfield, MD
|University of Arkansas
More Information
Additional Information:
Keywords provided by University of Arkansas:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Additional Information:
|Responsible Party:
|University of Arkansas
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01653249 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
R01CA143130 ( U.S. NIH Grant/Contract )
|First Submitted:
|July 26, 2012
|First Posted:
|July 30, 2012
|Last Update Posted:
|October 12, 2016
|Last Verified:
|October 2016
Keywords provided by University of Arkansas:
human papillomavirus (HPV)
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Immunologic Factors
Physiological Effects of Drugs


text:
Solar power is one of the most abundant forms of alternative energy to be found on the planet. With a very few exceptions, it doesn't matter where you live, the sun still shines often enough to provide energy. The catch is finding ways to capture that energy.
The Victorian Organic Solar Cell Consortium (VICOSC) has used a new printer to crank out large, flexible solar panels. The organic photovoltaic panels are about the size of a standard piece of paper and are created by printing semi-conducting inks onto thin sheets of plastic or steel.
"There are so many things we can do with cells this size," said Dr. Scott Watkins, CSIRO materials scientist. "We can set them into advertising signage, powering lights and other interactive elements. We can even embed them into laptop cases to provide backup power for the machine inside."
In addition to the above uses, VICOSC researchers believe laminated versions of the cells could be plastered on to the windows of skyscrapers to gather energy, or could be directly integrated into steel and plastic roofing materials. Each sheet generates between 10–50 watts of power per square meter, and could possibly even be used to enhance the efficiency of silicon photovoltaic cells.
"The different types of cells capture light from different parts of the solar spectrum. So rather than being competing technologies, they are actually very complementary," added Dr. Watkins.
Below you'll find a video about the printed solar cells.
Source: CSIRO


text:
BOGOTA, Dec. 3 (UPI) -- Colombian armed forces killed at least 20 FARC guerrillas, including two local leaders, in the southwestern province of Narino, a general said.
Gen. Leonardo Barrero, leader of the Colombian army's Joint Southwest Command, said the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, guerrillas were killed during weekend military raids on insurgent camps in a rural area of the province, Colombia Reports said Monday.
Among the dead was a FARC commander known as "Guillermo el Pequeno," who was an insurgency veteran connected to "dozens" of murder, extortion and drug trafficking cases in Narino, Barrero said.
Army officials said another high-ranking local FARC official, known as "Mario," also died in the attack.
The strikes began Saturday when Colombian warplanes bombed three FARC camps.
"This crushing blow was achieved as a result of a joint operation between various armed forces. This column had frightened villagers, peasants and indigenous people of the region with murders, extortion, rape," Barrero said.
The military also conducted attacks on FARC camps in Cauca and Meta provinces, but further details on those raids were not reported.


text:
- Format
- Häftad (Paperback)
- Språk
- Engelska
- Antal sidor
- 329
- Utgivningsdatum
- 2007-02-01
- Utmärkelser
- Shortlisted for Independent Foreign Fiction Prize 2008.
- Förlag
- Arcadia Books
- Översättare
- Don Bartlett
- Originalspråk
- Norwegian
- Dimensioner
- 222 x 146 x 25 mm
- Vikt
- Antal komponenter
- 1
- 9781905147212
- 317 g
Du kanske gillar
The Model
Fler böcker av Lars Saabye Christensen
Recensioner i media
'A new novel by the Norwegian author of the international hit The Half Brother. A painter, about to turn 50, realises that he is starting to lose his sight. He makes a pact with the devil, in the guise of an old school friend' - Nicolas Clee, The BooksellerPraise for The Half Brother:'The book of the year so far as the pleasure principle is concerned...majestic' - Chris Power, The Times'Bruising and brilliant...like Paul Auster's The Book of Illusions meeting Jonathan Franzen's The Corrections' - Anna Paterson, Independent'The Half Brother is no mere interesting example of contemporary Scandinavian writing; it's a deeply felt, intricately worked and intellectually searching work of absolutely international importance' - Paul Binding, GuardianAn ambitious, panoramic novel...it moves effortlessly from surreal comedy to touching scenes of domestic intimacy - a big rewarding read' - Gerard Woodward, Daily Telegraph'Powerful, dramatic and magical' - Daily Mail
Bloggat om The Model
Övrig information
Lars Saabye Christensen is Norway's leading contemporary writer. He is the author of 12 novels, as well as short stories and poetry. His international best-selling novel The Half Brother has been published in nearly 30 countries. It won the Nordic Prize for Literature as well as the Norwegian Bookseller's Prize, was shortlisted for the 2005 International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award, was long-listed for the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize and was chosen as one of the 25 Notable Titles of 2004 by the American Library Association. Lars Saabye Christensen lives in Oslo.


text:
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text:
No concerns for Wexford's Dunne
WEXFORD HURLING manager Liam Dunne has no major concerns ahead of Saturday evening's replay showdown with Dublin at Parnell Park (7 p.m.).
Paul Morris, having cried off the drawn game hours beforehand through illness, will be fully fit as he bids to reclaim his place after coming in as a substitute, and this will leave Dunne and his selectors, Murty Dempsey and Tomás Codd, with a huge decision to make.
However, the team will not be selected until later in the week, but the exact line-out may not be known until just before the game and is still likely to show at least two changes in personnel.
Lee Chin, now the only dual player at Senior level, whose weekend exploits were recognised on 'The Sunday Game', is sure to retain his midfield role at the expense of Ciarán O'Shaughnessy, given his commanding display once introduced as a 28th-minute substitute.
Meanwhile, Paudge Doran is likely to come under pressure in attack, as the late replacement for Morris, Jack Guiney, is sure to be retained given his scoring exploits in the drawn game, and his general all-round display.
Midfielder Harry Kehoe, forced to retire with severe cramp twelve minutes from the end, should be fully fit to take his place in the starting 15.
Having turned in one of their best displays for some seasons in drawing with Dublin, Wexford will now be seeking more craft to go with their graft, as they bid to continue to bring the passion and pride back to hurling in the county.
Wexford knew going into last Saturday evening's game they had considerable ground to make up, having lost to Dublin by 13 points in the league. They came under pressure to deliver a big championship game, and maybe on another occasion they would have buckled once Dublin took the lead in the closing seconds. But the character of this side stood the test as they fought back and forced a free before Guiney's levelling point.
Wexford will be hoping to win more quality outfield ball for them to sharpen their attacking game, but they have the players to correct that and make this another difficult night for Dublin. One has to admire the heart shown by this young side who will strive might and main to bring their game to another level.
Questions have been raised about Dublin. Now Wexford have an opportunity to prove the pundits wrong and move on to a provincial semi-final clash with reigning All-Ireland champions Kilkenny on June 23.
The losers of Saturday evening's game will not have to sit and wait to find out who their opponents will be in the qualifiers.
In the preliminary round the losers of Dublin and Wexford will play host to Antrim. Carlow received a bye to phase one where they will play whoever emerges from that triumverate.
New Ross Standard


text:
Looking for a fun custom gift that can be worn this Christmas (or for any gift giving holiday) be sure to check out Origami Owl!
When I hear the name Origami Owl, the first thing that comes to mind is the fun, personalized lockets you can wear. I've eyed those lockets for quite sometime and was thrilled when I was asked to highlight their newest addition to the Origami Owl line, the TAGGED™ collection.
Origami Owl, a social selling brand best known for its unique line of customizable jewelry, and its flagship line, Living Lockets™, is proud to present its newest collection, TAGGED™. Building upon the brand's popular customizable jewelry theme, the new line encapsulates the art of expression. Made in the USA, this versatile handcrafted collection combines solid fine pewter Tags with Earth Elements to create a statement about who you are and what you believe in
After choosing the tags I wanted, along with the earth element of my birth month I anxiously awaited the arrival of my Origami Owl TAGGED™ necklace. It was everything I had imagined and more:
On the 16" FACETED BALL CHAIN ($10.00) I had the Origami Owl accent tag ($12.00), the I Can tag ($10.00), the Inspire tag, and the July Coral earth element tag ($8.00). I loved the message "I Can Inspire" along with my birth month element and the Origami Owl itself.
This really is so many necklaces in one. I can wear the necklace alone, each tag alone, or pair them hundreds of different ways for a customized look and message. I can add other tags as time goes on. In my opinion, Origami Owl is definitely a gift that's great to give, because you can give the original receipient new additions on new holidays.
If the awesomeness of the product, alone, isn't enough. I have to say their mission statement would be enough to make me want to buy from them " TO BE A FORCE FOR GOOD; TO LOVE, INSPIRE + MOTIVATE WOMEN OF ALL AGES TO REACH THEIR DREAMS + EMPOWER THEM TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN THE LIVES OF OTHERS." Love that! Not to mention, the fact the founder is only 16 today, I can teach my kids that no age is too young to reach for their dreams and it's truly a possibility.
A Daily Dose highly recommends Origami Owl this holiday season or for any gift year round!
**I received featured items at no cost to me for sole purpose of review. All opinions are my own and honest**
Toni Patton
Latest posts by Toni Patton (see all)
- Get Your Kids In The Kitchen This Holiday Season - November 16, 2017
- The Sonos One Speaker Is The Perfect Gift For Music Lovers - November 8, 2017
- Here's What's Coming To @Netflix November 2017 #StreamTeam #ad - October 28, 2017


text:
Theres Nothing Quite as Fun as A Pair Of Shoes that Makes EVERYONE Stop
and Stare!
These Beverly Feldman pink Poodle Shoes Fit the Bill.
Black with Adorable Pink sequin covered Poodles their Comfy and Well
Designed to Get Attention.
Not Everyone Walks Around with pink poodles on their feet.


text:
Swim Vietnam 2011
Supporting Swim Vietnam
Join Metasport to help reduce drowning in Vietnam
Supporting Swim Vietnam
Join Metasport to help reduce drowning in Vietnam
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East Africa Food Appeal
Over 12 million people are facing starvation. We urgently need your help. Donate now »
Supporting Concern Worldwide and 3 more
Supporting Plan International UK
Donations will go to the 'Plan' East Africa emergency relief funds. Thank you for your support and generosity!
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Open source tool that supports cleaner oceans https://github.com/h5o
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Dear Barbara,
We would like to take this opportunity to thank you personally for your donation to MAKNA. Your donation helps us to financially assist more than 10,000 cancer patients every year through our bursary program.
We hope to count with your continuous support and invite you to follow our latest achievements at our ammado profile page or at our website, through our e-newsletter at: http://www.makna.org.my/neoplasia.asp
Warm Regrads,
Matheus Trevizoli Barrachi
Manager, International Division
Majlis Kanser Nasional
Dear Barbara
Thank you so much for your donation to Conservation Volunteers Australia!
Conservation Volunteers has partnered with individuals, businesses and governments in the conservation of our unique environment since 1982. In that time we have welcomed hundreds of thousands of volunteers from around Australia and across the world and supported their participation in a diversity of important projects to protect and enhance our environment.
Supporters like you help our organisation to connect more people with our environment, and achieve some great conservation results. If you would like any more information about our organisation at any time, please contact us via our Ammado listing or by direct email to email@example.com.
Thank you again for your support.
Dear Ms Barbara Kelly,
On behalf of our Board of Directors of CARA, we would like to thank you for your generous donation of US$2.31 through our ammado's Designer Selection Community.
Your contribution makes it possible for us to relieve poverty, sickness, HIV, AIDS, cancer, hardship and to provide overseas aid, water, sanitation, free counselling, community law centre, legal advice, debt advice, immigration advice, employment advice, job search advice, translation, welfare advice, condoms and benefits for lonely, needy old people, disabled, and underprivileged children and other persons in the UK and Africa.
Since its inception in 2003, CARA has empowered more than 3 thousand poor people by promoting justice, health, education and social development of all of its members and the public by improving the quality of life of the disadvantaged people of our community in the UK and Africa. In 2009, our charity has changed significantly over the years since then to ensure that it remains best able to meet the needs of clients. It now concentrates on its role as a specialist provider of advice, representation and advocacy. This is only possible because of thoughtful contributions from people like you.
In 2010, CARA plans to employ both a Solicitor and a Barrister who will deal with our clients on a full-time basis. As you know, the cost of providing legal advice and services does not go away. We hope for your continued support in the future.
No goods or services of any value were or will be transferred to you in connection with this donation. Please keep this written acknowledgment of your donation for your tax records.
We are grateful for your support because it will enormously help to our invaluable work.
Thank you very much for your assistance.
Yours sincerely,
Thank you so much for join us! best wishes for you.
Dear Barbara Kelly ,
Greetings from YPSA , Bangladesh (www.ypsa.org) .
Thanks for adding YPSA.
Md.Arifur Rahman
Chief Executive of YPSA
Thank you Barbara! I think you get 20 votes, so I hope you're spreading the love! By the way, the site is looking great lately!
Hi Barbara!
It's great to be part of something so excited!
Hello Barbara! What a great initiative you've stitched together. Congratulations and thanks from the Italian team. Power!
Hello Barbara
Many thanks for adding CHEEA to your list of NPOs. Like NPOs around the world, we here in South Africa are having a ghastly time looking for funds. So any exposure CHEEA receives is excellent.
Keep up the excellent work you are doing.
Warm regards
Farida (CHEEA)
New article on the new IABC social responsibility website about ammado: http://srlink.x.iabc.com/2009/04/21/an-sr-on-line-community-of-kindness-ammadocom/