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BioMed Research International
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 937918, 6 pages
Bovine Papillomavirus Type 2 Infection and Microscopic Patterns of Urothelial Tumors of the Urinary Bladder in Water Buffaloes
1Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
2Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
3Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
4Department of Biology, Naples University Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy
Received 22 February 2013; Accepted 22 April 2013
Academic Editor: Rita de Cassia Stocco
Copyright © 2013 Paola Maiolino et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Microscopic patterns of thirty-four urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder of water buffaloes from the Marmara and Black Sea Regions of Turkey are here described. All the animals grazed on lands rich in bracken fern. Histological diagnosis was assessed using morphological parameters recently suggested for the urinary bladder tumors of cattle. Papillary carcinoma was the most common neoplastic lesion (22/34) observed in this study, and low-grade carcinoma was more common (seventeen cases) than high-grade carcinoma (five cases). Papilloma, papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP), and invasive carcinomas were less frequently seen. Carcinoma in situ (CIS) was often detected associated with some papillary and invasive carcinomas. De novo (primary) CIS was rare representing 3% of tumors of this series. A peculiar feature of the most urothelial tumors was the presence in the tumor stroma of immune cells anatomically organized in tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs). Bovine papillomavirus type-2 (PV-2) E5 oncoprotein was detected by molecular and immunohistochemistry procedures. Early protein, E2, and late protein, L1, were also detected by immunohistochemical studies. Morphological and molecular findings show that BPV-2 infection contributes to the development of urothelial bladder carcinogenesis also in water buffaloes.
1. Introduction
Spontaneous tumors of the urinary bladder are very rare in cattle accounting for 0.01% of all bovine malignancies [1]. Conversely, they are common in adult cattle grazing on lands rich in bracken fern [2–4]. This plant contains toxic substances impairing the immune system and carcinogen principles such as ptaquiloside, the prolonged ingestion of which appears to be involved in bladder carcinogenesis. It has been suggested that ptaquiloside causes an increased cell proliferation in bladder urothelium resulting in urothelial dysplasia [5, 6]; furthermore, it is believed that ptaquiloside can act synergistically with bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) thus causing bladder tumors in cattle [7].
Papillomavirus infection plays a central role in bladder carcinogenesis of large ruminants [7–11]. In particular, BPV-2 appears to be involved in many urothelial tumors in cattle and water buffaloes [4, 7, 12]. It has been shown that BPV-2 causes in vivo bladder carcinogenesis through the activation of PDGF β receptor [12, 13] and/or of Calpain 3 which is responsible for urothelial cell proliferation via E2F3 protein [14].
Tumors of the urinary bladder of buffaloes have sporadically been described [3]. However, BPV-2 infection has just been reported in urothelial tumors as well as in some nonneoplastic lesions of the urinary bladder of buffaloes [12].
The aim of the present paper is to report the microscopic patterns of thirty-four urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder of water buffaloes, twenty-seven of which were associated with papillomavirus infection. All the animals were from the Marmara and Black Sea Regions of Turkey and grazed on pastures contaminated with bracken fern.
2. Materials and Methods
Thirty-four tumor samples of the urinary bladder were collected at public slaughterhouses of Marmara and Black Sea Region (Turkey) (Bafra, Coskun, Bartin) from 3- to 5-year-old castrated male water buffaloes daily grazing on fern-infested lands. Each sample was divided into two halves. One part was fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and was processed for paraffin embedding for morphological assessment; the other half was immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen, stored at –80°C until further processed for molecular procedures.
2.1. Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry
Histologic diagnosis of urinary bladder tumors was assessed on 4-μm-thick hematoxylin-eosin- (HE-) stained sections using morphological criteria suggested in a recent report on the new histological classification of urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder of cattle [4]. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect both early (E) and late (L) papillomavirus proteins. Briefly, the sections were deparaffinized, and then endogenous peroxidase activity was blocked by incubation in 0.3% H2O2 in methanol for 20 min. Antigen retrieval was performed by pretreating with microwave heating (twice for 5 min each at 750 W) in citrate buffer pH 6.0. The slides were washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, 0.01 M, then incubated for 1 h at room temperature with donkey serum (Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy) diluted at 1 in 10 in PBS. A polyclonal sheep anti-BPV-2 E5 primary antibody (a kind gift from Dr. M. S. Campo, professor Emeritus of Glasgow University, UK) diluted at 1 in 40000 in PBS was applied for 1 h at room temperature in a humid chamber. The sections were rinsed with PBS before application of the donkey anti-sheep biotinylated secondary antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., CA, USA), diluted at 1 in 100 in PBS for 45 min at room temperature. For E2 and L1 detection, the slides were washed three times with PBS, pH 7.4, 0.01 M, then incubated for 1 h at room temperature with protein block serum free (DakoCytomation, Denmark). A polyclonal rabbit anti-BPV-2 E2 primary antibody (a kind gift from Dr. E. Androphy) diluted at 1 in 50 in PBS and a monoclonal mouse anti-HPV-16 L1 (late protein) primary antibody diluted at 1 in 200/300 in PBS were applied overnight at 4°C in a humid chamber. The sections were rinsed three times for 5 min with PBS, incubated for 40 min at room temperature with appropriate biotinylated secondary antibody (labelled streptavidin-biotin (LSAB) Kit; DakoCytomation, Denmark). Finally, all the sections were washed with PBS and then incubated with streptavidin-conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (LSAB Kit; DakoCytomation, Denmark).
Color development was obtained by treatment with diaminobenzidine (DakoCytomation, Denmark) for 5–20 min. Sections were counterstained with Mayer's hematoxylin. Negative control sections were incubated with PBS instead of primary antibody.
2.2. PCR Reaction
The DNA was extracted from the urinary bladders of water buffaloes using the DNeasy Tissue Kit (Qiagen TM, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
For the detection of BPV-2 E5 DNA, specific primers for the E5 ORF (forward primer, 5′-CACTGCCATTTGTTTTTTTC-3′; reverse primer, 5′-GGAGCACTCAAAATGATCCC-3′) were used. Furthermore, specific primers for the L1 region of the BPV-1 (forward primer, 5′-GGCTGAGGACGCTGCTGGTA-3′; reverse primer, 5′-TCTCCGAGCCCCCTCTGGTC-3′) were also employed. Aliquots 50–100 ng of purified DNA were amplified in 25 μL of reaction mixture containing 2 mM MgCl2, 200 mM each dNTP, 480 nM of each primer, and 2.5 U of AmpliTaq Gold DNA Polymerase (Applied Biosystems, Monza, Italy). The reaction was carried out in a thermocycler (Veriti, Applied Biosystems) with an initial denaturation step of 3 min. Then, 35 cycles of amplification were carried out with a denaturation step at 95°C for 45 sec, an annealing step at 50°C, 45 sec, for BPV-2 E5, or at 65°C, 40 sec, for BPV-1 L1 and an extension step at 72°C for 1 min. A final extension step at 72°C for 7 min was performed. Detection of the amplified products was carried out by electrophoresis on ethidium bromide-stained agarose gel. In each experiment, a blank sample consisting of reaction mixture without DNA and a positive control composed of BPV-2 clone DNA (a kind gift from Dr. A. Venuti) or of BPV-1 positive sample were included. One μL of the amplified products was subjected to a second run of PCR under the same experimental conditions. Amplified products from the last PCR were electrophoresed in a 2,5% agarose gel and visualized by ethidium bromide stain.
2.3. RNA Extraction
Total RNA was extracted from urinary bladders of water buffaloes using the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen TM, Germany), according to the manufacturer's instructions. The RNA quality was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis and ultraviolet spectrophotometer analysis.
2.4. cDNA-E5 Analysis
The reverse transcription reaction contained 4 μL 5x script reaction mix, 1 μL iScript reverse transcriptase, and 500 ng total RNA as the template. The volume was adjusted to 10 μL with RNase free water (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Milan, Italy). The reaction was incubated at 25°C for 5 min, 42°C for 30 min, 85°C for 5 min, and then kept at 4°C for 5 min. The synthesized cDNA was analyzed by PCR with specific primers for the E5 ORF (forward primer, 5′-CACTGCCATTTGTTTTTTTC-3′; reverse primer, 5′-GGAGCACTCAAAATGATCCC-3′). The total reaction volume was 25 μL containing 2.5 μL 10x Gold Buffer, 2 mM MgCl2, 200 mM each dNTP, 480 nM of each primer, 2.5 U of AmpliTaq Gold DNA Polymerase (Applied Biosystems, Monza, Italy), and 100 ng reverse transcription products of cDNA as the template. The reaction procedure was as follows: predenaturation at 95°C for 3 min, 35 cycles (denaturation at 95°C for 45 sec, annealing at 50°C for 45 sec, and extension at 72°C for 1 min), and the final extension at 72°C for 7 min. Detection of the amplified products was carried out by electrophoresis on ethidium bromide-stained agarose gel. In each experiment, a blank sample consisting of reaction mixture without DNA and a positive sample consisting of cloned BPV-2 (a kind gift from Dr. A. Venuti) were included.
3. Results
Histological examinations of the urinary bladder tumors detected microscopic patterns consistent with the diagnosis of urothelial papilloma in three cases, two of them showed an exophytic pattern and only one showed an inverted growth. Furthermore, three cases were diagnosed as papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP); a diagnosis of papillary carcinoma was performed in twenty-two cases; five cases of invasive carcinomas were also found (Figure 1); de novo (primary) carcinoma in situ (CIS) was seen in only one case (Figure 2). Table 1 summarizes the results. Tumor-like lesions such as reactive atypia as well as flat and nodular hyperplasia were also seen.
Papillary carcinoma was the most common neoplastic lesion observed in this study, and low-grade carcinomas were more common (seventeen cases) than high grade carcinomas (five cases). CIS was seen to occur in three buffaloes with papillary carcinoma and in two with invasive bladder neoplasia. They were seen more frequently than the primary (de novo) CIS; the latter was seen in only one case thus representing about 3% of urothelial neoplasms. In all the examined cases, there was a strong inflammation of the tumor stroma; quite frequently, immune cells were anatomically organized in tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs), in which clear germinal center and peripheral small dark and densely packed mantle lymphocytes without any fibrous encapsulation were seen (Figure 3).
PCR analysis demonstrated the presence of E5 DNA in the samples from twenty-seven buffaloes suffering from urothelial bladder tumors in which a fragment of the expected size (154 bp) was amplified (Figure 4). Furthermore, in these samples, reverse transcriptase PCR analysis demonstrated the presence of E5 mRNA (Figure 5). No BPV-1 DNA was detected. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed the presence of E5 protein in the cytoplasm of many neoplastic cells; it was not detected in the cytoplasm of normal cells (Figure 6). Furthermore, a marked immunoreactivity for L1 protein expression was evident both in the cytoplasm and nuclei of the urothelial cells of neoplastic nests; it was not detectable in normal urothelial cells (Figure 7). Since it is known that E2 protein is essential for the viral life cycle and plays a part in productive infection, immunohistochemical studies on the expression of this protein were also carried out. E2 protein expression was detected both in the cytoplasm and nuclei of urothelial cells from neoplastic urinary bladder. Its expression was not manifested in normal urothelial cells (Figure 8).
4. Discussion
The present study reports the microscopic patterns of thirty-four spontaneous urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder in water buffaloes grazed on pasturelands rich in fern. A papillomavirus infection has been shown in twenty-seven tumors (~79%). Both benign and malignant lesions here described fell into the following categories: flat urothelial lesions, papillary urothelial lesions, and invasive urothelial tumors just reported in humans [15] and cattle [4]. No metastases were found in malignant tumors. Our findings corroborate that morphological criteria suggested for histological classification of urothelial tumors in cattle [4] may be used also in water buffaloes. Recently, we have shown that BPV-2 plays a central role also in bubaline bladder carcinogenesis. Like the case in bladder carcinogenesis of cattle, BPV-2 E5 oncoprotein binds to the activated form of platelet derived growth factor β receptor (PDGFβR) [12]. We document here a papillomavirus infection by western blot analysis, cDNA, and immunohistochemical investigations about the presence of BPV-2 E5 oncoprotein. The expression of BPV-2 L1 protein indicates that a complete life cycle of BPV-2 occurs also in bubaline neoplastic urothelial cells. These findings corroborate our previous results about the crucial role of BPV-2 infection in urothelial cell transformation [12]. Toxic elements of the fern appear to play a synergistic role with BPV-2 infection also in bladder carcinogenesis of water buffaloes. As a matter of fact, when the buffalo breeding based on closed breeding techniques does not allow buffaloes to graze on pastures contaminated with bracken fern, the bladder disease is basically unknown although clinical cases of BPV infection can be seen, that is, papillomatosis of the skin. The microscopical findings of this study show that urothelial tumors of buffaloes share morphological characteristics with the human counterparts just like urothelial tumors of cattle [4, 15, 16]. A peculiar feature of most bubaline urothelial tumors was the presence of diffuse lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages which can evolve into aggregates in the tumor stroma. These findings were also detected in the urothelial cancers of cattle [4], but in buffaloes the immune cells were often organized anatomically in de novo follicles leading to the formation of the so-called tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs). Chronic follicular cystitis is frequently found in water buffaloes [17]. The pathophysiological significance of the lymphoid neogenesis is still unclear. TLO formation is now recognized as a common feature of many chronic inflammatory diseases and might have a role in maintaining immune responses against persistent antigens. It has been suggested that the stimulus that triggers lymphoid neogenesis in infected tissues is the causative agent itself [18]. It is reasonable to suggest that, in our cases, L1 protein, expressed only in productive BPV-2 infection and known to play a central role both in infection and immunogenicity [19], stimulates adaptive immune responses thus leading to chronic inflammation of tumor stroma in which TLOs can develop. Furthermore, BPV E5 is known to impair the major histocompatibility class I complex (MHC I) thus allowing the persistence of the virus infection. This impairment and immunosuppressant of bracken fern may help maintain antigen stimuli responsible for a heavy cell infiltration which can contribute to TLO formation [7, 20]. It has been suggested that chronic follicular cystitis in buffaloes is characterized by a very strong presence of lymphoid cells [17]. It is worth remembering that the most organized structures are generally found in highly infiltrated tissues [18]. Inflammatory cells of microenvironment and their secreted factors appear to be coresponsible for the fate of a tumor [21] being able to exert a strong anticancer immunosurveillance. Further studies are needed to gather insights into the relationship between tumor cells and their inflammatory microenvironment being a manner of debate [22]. In addition, we have to better understand the role of lymphoid neogenesis in infectious diseases as it has been suggested that, although so far it has been documented in only a few chronic diseases, lymphoid neogenesis might have a protective function by inducing an immune response against the infectious agent.
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.
The authors thank Dr. M. S. Campo, Professor Emeritus of Glasgow University, for providing them with the E5 primary antibody; Dr. E. Androphy, University of Massachusetts Medical School, for providing them with the E2 primary antibody; Dr. A. Venuti, Laboratory of Virology, National Cancer Institute "Regina Elena," for giving them the BPV-2 DNA plasmid; Dr. G. Salvatore, Regione Basilicata for his technical help. This work was sponsored by grants from Ministero Italiano dell'Università e della Ricerca Scientifica (MIUR), Ministero Italiano delle Politiche Agricole, Alimentari e Forestali (MIPAAF), and Assessorato alla Sanità della Regione Basilicata.
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HARTLEPOOL UNITED have completed the signing of former Middlesbrough captain Matthew Bates.
The highly-rated centre-half 27-year-old spent a short spell training with Pools at the start of last season following his release from Bristol City, but manager Colin Cooper was unable to make an offer for the defender and he joined League One side Bradford City.
However, Cooper has kept tabs on the former England Youth international and has been in negotiations to bring him back to the region since his Bantams release at the end of last term.
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Stockton-born Bates came through the ranks at Boro and was part of their FA Youth Cup winning side of 2003/04 before making his first team debut just days before his 18th birthday in December 2004.
He gained further senior experience during a short loan spell with Darlington in 2005 before returning to The Riverside to earn a run in the first team where he played alongside Gareth Southgate in the centre of defence.
A terrible run of misfortune on the injury front saw Bates sidelined by two serious knee injuries before he returned to Boro's first team in 2009, signing a new three-year contract with the club despite relegation and rumours of interest from other Premier League outfits.
The defender fought back from another serious knee injury in 2009/10 but came back strongly and was handed the captain's armband at the Riverside by then-boss Tony Mowbray and enjoyed a good run in the side until injury struck again in 2012.
Since then Bates, a former Northern Echo columnist, has proved his fitness with his stints at Bristol City and Bradford City.


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The scuffle began when a soldier named Brittany Bell became upset at a restaurant.
She was approached by off duty deputy and retired Marine Paul Derrick but Bell tried to brush him off.
Derrick went to his truck and brought back his badge, gun, and handcuffs and began to arrest Bell.
Another soldier at the restaurant began taking cell phone video, it shows Derrick yelling at management when they approached and tried to help.
At one point Derrick is told that Bell is a soldier and you can hear him on the video say "this is how Marines deal with soldiers," then he slams Bell into a table.
Police in Columbia, South Carolina showed up and were in the process of arresting Bell but when they were shown the cell phone video shot by Steven Hughes, the situation was quickly reversed.
Hughes told WIS-TV "he watched maybe the first 30 seconds of it. And when he heard the Marine-Army comment he said, 'Alright, things just changed. Arrest him, 10-37, and release her."
Hughes told the officers "'Sir, I know it's hard, but that's the right thing."
Police reports say both Bell and Derrick had been drinking before the incident occurred.


text:
Burt's Bees Carrot Night Cream
33 reviews
48% would repurchase
Package Quality: 3.5
Price: $$$
Package Quality: 3.5
Price: $$$
Not tested on animals
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Start your review
on 6/23/2013 7:19:00 AM
Age: 36-43
Skin: Acne-prone, Other, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Hazel
My skin has changed now. It's still very acne prone but it's also very dry (moved to a drier climate). I gave it a 4 because while it isn't perfect, it's pretty darn good for the price and the fact that it doesn't add to my breakouts. I think people expect miracles in a face cream and I'd give this a five had it not been for them changing all their formulations and making the whole brand more homogenized. I hate that. So, I have dry sensitive patches I never used to have and when i sleep with this, it's really helps heal . I kind of like the carrot smell but to be honest, I really don't care what it smells like or looks like while I'm sleeping. I have asthma and am sensitive to chemicals but it doesn't bother me a bit. It's worth trying if you can find it . My concern is it being discontinued in order to market a more expensive and frilly packaged cream that usually ends up being disappointing and full of cheap ingredients. Things only stay good for so long. I know they've changed the formulations on some products and when that happens, sadly the quality is compromised. Unless it's been discontinued I think it's one of their better face creams.
on 4/26/2012 9:59:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Acne-prone, Dark, Warm
Hair: Brown, Relaxed, Medium
Eyes: Brown
This night cream is garbage!! There's no point in claiming any benefits of Vitamin A because it's photosensitive and is rendered inactive in that clear jar. I did rate it a three, though, because it is a great nighttime lip treatment. I've been blessed with perpetually dry, cracking, flaking lips regardless of my water consumption and time of year. I know, don't be jealous. j/k...All joking aside, since I started using this bad boy on my lips last week, I've had the softest, not-at-all troubled lips. While it's great on my lips--moisturizes and sinks in well--that was not it's intended purpose so I can rate it no higher than a three. With that said, I will never buy it again as I'm sure there are equally/better lip moisturizers out there in more sanitary packaging.
on 10/3/2009 2:54:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
You know, in theory I should be loving this night cream to death. I love the smell, the ingredients, the brand... I love everything about it except that it doesn't work and it feels so waxy, like I just rubbed Burt's Bees beeswax chapstick all over my face. I don't even mind my face getting orange. It's just that my face can't breathe with this stuff on, and it's not because I'm in my early 20s. My mother, in her mid-50s, usually loves gunky stuff because her skin is so dry. Not this one. She can't stand it. She actually gave it away to me to try, to see if I can get any use out of it. No luck.
on 12/16/2008 2:42:00 AM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Sensitive, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Blond, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
Weird texture for sure, carrot juice smell for sure, but it works, if you need something natural for the night.
UPDATE: it can stain the bedsheets. Very sticky, and even though I saw lovely improvements in my skin by the mornings, I don`t like the texture anymore...Throwing it away, for night right now I use one of the Aubrey O.day creams that is my favorite (Rosa M). (Ok, back to BB, I still LOVE: the BB citrus face scrub...., and the Milk&Honey body wash...., and the Grapefruit&Shea hair conditioner, these are my 3 fav.BB products!)
on 7/30/2009 1:05:00 AM
Age: 36-43
Skin: Combination, Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I bought this on sale at about 75% off. If it was regular price, I would not have even contemplated buying this product. I should have left it at the store even if it was $5! It smells horrible. The waxy paste is ORANGE when you take it out. It leaves an orangey tint on your face that makes you worry that it's going to stain... and I didn't use too much! It feels oily on your face no matter how much you rub it in. Do what I should have done when you see this at the store, even if it were on super super sale at $1, leave it behind and buy some gum with the dollar.
on 10/1/2010 4:54:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Dry, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
Love this stuff. As small as the jar is, it lasts a longgggggg time. It's very concentrated. Yes, it is thick. Yes, it does feel greasy, but it works great. Whenever I have acne scars or I've picked at a blemish, I put this on my face at night and pin my bangs back and I swear they are improved in the morning, it also softens the lines on my forehead. I use it several times a week and I have dry acne prone combination skin. Even just dotting it around the eyes, forehead and zits. I'm tell ya, it works for me.
on 7/12/2008 2:27:00 AM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Combination, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I like this, but not as an everyday moisturizer. I use this when my face feels and looks like crap. If I am dry and flaky and been breaking out I slather this on at night and my skin feels better in the morning. Yes it does smell odd and is greasy and has an orange tint to it, but it works. The bottle I have has lasted me forever so the price is not bad at all so yes I would buy this again.
If you do use this I suggest not using it with white or light colored sheets as you may wake up to an orange colored pillow.
on 7/20/2008 5:43:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I have really dry cheeks so I bought this for that area specifically. Big mistake. While my t zone is naturally oily, I woke up in the morning with my entire face feeling like an oil slick. It didn't absorb into my skin and felt gross.
For someone with really dry skin- the jar lasts forever so not a bad price
on 8/6/2008 2:38:00 AM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Sensitive, Olive, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Hazel
I have extremely sensitive skin with several consistently dry, peeling patches near my chin and sometimes on my cheeks. I bought this as an intense spot treatment to help moisturize those patches so they wouldn't be peeling and gross looking in the morning anymore. I just use a little bit and massage it in well and it has been working very nicely. It smells good in my opinion, but being in a glass jar, you can always accidentally shatter the jar. You get a lot since a tiny bit goes a long way, and just make sure you wash your face in the morning. I have read places that it "stains" your skin, but I have never had that problem.
on 5/16/2008 5:58:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Dry, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Blond, Other, Other
Eyes: Green
Yuck. Smells so wierd, like carrot baby food. Has a thick consistency, pretty oily. If you put too much on your face will be tinted orange. I do not suggest this product. The first night I got it my boyfriend asked me why my face smelled so wierd-i threw it out the next day.
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wil1's Favorites
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Torrential by Addictedimage with Miss Micaela
"This set is so *very* amazing. Conan's photography has become better and better (the beads of water = oh emm gee!) and Micaela is just stunning!!!"
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"Great set... Still having trouble reading the tattoo on her inner-right arm. hrmm :)"


text:
Right! I am designing a very simple (text based) digital circuit simulator (it is a university coursework) ...I have created a design, but am not sure whether it will work the way that I want; here is my idea...
I have classes for each of the following; AndGate, OrGate, XorGate and NotGate, I also have a class Circuit (which will store the details for each circuit a user creates). Then I have the application class for the text based GUI.
My idea is to have a vector inside the Circuit class to store logic gate objects. (I know how to create vectors of objects; this is not the problem!!!) ...The problem starts when trying to store objects of different types into a single vector, so I have come up with the idea that by using inheritance, If i create another class; LogicGate, which has functions and variables used by all types of logic gate, I can create inheritted classes from this class, but adding extra functionality and being able to store them into the same vector!
Now, From my ideas and reading about C++ programming (im a novice to OO design!!! ...I have been using C, which i am confident in using; but this program has to be done in C++), I can do the above design, maybe I am wrong, but I have created a smaller scaled down version of the above problem, and when i compile, i get errors saying class redefined, so am having second thoughts about the design!
Is this design one that is valid? is it possible, or do i have to go about the problem in a different way???
class LogicGate definition...
Class AndGate Definition:Code:class LogicGate{ private: int theID; int parent1; int parent2; int input1; int input2; int output; public: LogicGate(int); //constructor Requires just the ID number setInputs(int, int); setInput1(int); setInput2(int); int getID(); int getPID1(); int getPID2(); int setPID1(); int setPID2(); };
...and so on for each of the classes NotGate, OrGate, XorGate are exactly as the AndGate class. When i compile, it tells me that I have already declared the class LogicGate at line 1 inside AndGate class (but to me I am only including it!!!)Code:#include "LogicGate.cpp" // for inheritance use class AndGate : LogicGate{ private: public: int getOutput(int int); // for when two inputs are supplied int getOutput(); // for when the input variables have already been set };
Can you please let me know how I can implement the above design? ...Maybe i am thinking stupidly, but Im not sure!!! I've spent ages looking at my book, and it looks ok to me and can't see how im defining LogicGate twice!!!!!!
Thankyou for your time!!!!


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It is official. My Kitchen Rules and The Voice have dominated 2013 - even though there is more than a week until the end of official ratings.
My Kitchen Rules - The Winner Announced has claimed the number one spot for most watched TV event of the year with a massive 3.27 million viewers across the five capital cities.
The finale of Channel 7's cooking show was so popular that it out-rated the AFL Grand Final: Hawthorn v Fremantle (2.718 million) and the Rugby League State of Origin decider between New South Wales and Queensland (2.607 million).
The Sunday night edition of The Voice was the number one regular program of 2013 with 2.071 million viewers.
Nine's talent show - with new judge Ricky Martin replacing Keith Urban - claimed second spot as well - with 2.028 million. Monday episodes of The Voice also made the Top 10 with 1.855 million.
My Kitchen Rules was so dominant that it had five of the Top 10 regular program spots - headed by Wednesday with 1.982 million.
It is unlikely that any programs screening in the next week will alter the standings.
"My Kitchen Rules added nearly 40 per cent of series running time this year and it still managed to boost ratings by over 6 per cent," said Fusion Strategy's Steve Allen.
"There is now only a hair's breadth of different in audience size between MKR and The Voice with both shows just a little below 2 million viewers over their entire series."
Nine is promising a kids' version of The Voice next year on top of the usual grown-up version. Seven is already well into filming the fifth series of My Kitchen Rules.
"Seven is very confident around the success of the MKR franchise and have high expectations for it in 2014," said Maxus National Trading Director Nathan Cook.
"Australian content still dominates the ratings and has been the bedrock of Seven and Nine's formats this year."
Another strong performer was The Block Sky High. The special The Winner Announced was the year's second highest rating TV event with 3.16 million viewers. The Sunday night editions of Nine's renovation series averaged 1.606 million viewers.
Seven and Nine are both spruiking big audience gains this year. Seven has claimed a record 40.2 share of the commercial TV audience with Nine strong on 37.5 per cent.
Nine has gained most where it counts - the 25 to 54 demographic - with a 38.7 per cent commercial share, up two points from last year.
"Seven has been consistent, solid and reliable," Mr Allen said. "Nine has increased audience in the right demographics."
Ten has had another disappointing year, dropping to a 22.4 per cent commercial share. One of its bright spots was the Stephen King sci-fi series Under the Dome which averaged 1.02 million viewers.
Ten says The Project posted a 7 per cent increase in total audience and 10 per cent rise in the 25 to 54 demographic compared to 2012. Offspring was another solid performer.
"This year we reset our audience focus to concentrate on the key 25 to 54 demographic and since late July Ten's audience in 25 to 54s has grown 3 per cent in prime time," a Ten spokesperson said.
The ABC performed strongly thanks to some home grown hits including Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries, with Essie Davis, and The Dr Blake Mysteries starring Craig McLachlan.
"What this shows is that free-to-air TV is still relevant and being consumed en masse, despite all the hype around PVRs and illegal downloads," Mr Cook says.
Other programs to shine in 2013 include The X Factor, Downton Abbey, Hamish & Andy's Gap Year Asia and new Aussie drama A Place to Call Home.


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Join Date: Feb 2005
Location: London, England
Age: 38
Posts: 2,796
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Nicky Cook v Dazzo Williams
Nicky Cook v Dazzo Williams
British & C'Wealth & European featherweight title
16th June
Am I the only one who's getting excited about this young prospect Nicky Cook?
He's been up against real hard competition recently because he's holding the European belt!... (As oppossed to holding the WBU belt at this stage of his career) - That's not a dig at Ricky Hatton... But if you hold the European belt, you don't get the option of picking and choosing who you want to defend against. The board in Italy do the fight picking for you, and they NEVER have your best interests at heart! - Nicky Cook's still unbeaten!
Nicky Cook is a great little fighter, (I only worry that he doesn't carry a big enough punch) - But then again that's always worried me with Ricky Hatton, and he's made it to the top!
My prediction for this fight would be a mid to late stoppage for Nicky Cook.
Dazzo Williams is a good fighter, but I think Nicky Cook has that extra spark that'll move him on.
British champ!
Join Date: Sep 2004
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yip its a euro level fighter against a british level fighter cook should win. COOK WIDE UD.
i covered cooks last fight see below.
against johnny bregue.
he suffers with bad hand trouble coudl hold him back.
by thw way heres another one i did on mike tyson danny williams!
forgot i did that.
Glasgow's Finest
Join Date: Oct 2003
Location: Glasgow, Scotland
Age: 38
Posts: 3,367
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Yeah I'd go for Cook on points, he seems to have all the moves and hits well to the body considering he's more of a boxer type but he seems to mark up & cut quite easily which could be a problem, should be a good fight with a good atmosphere as both guys always have a good amount of support when they fight but Cook should be too good for him in nearly all departments.
Glasgow's Finest
Join Date: Oct 2003
Location: Glasgow, Scotland
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Nice to see the 3 titles are up for grabs here I like it. This is Barry McGuigan's take on the fight:
Thursday nights European, Commonwealth and British featherweight clash between Nicky Cook and Dazzo Williams looks like being another cracking domestic match-up.
Recently on Sky Sports we have seen some great small-hall action between Nigel Wright and Alan Bosworth and although it was brief, Ross Minter and Chas Symonds and this has the potential to be even better.
In fact, it looks like being a great night and could turn out to be one of the fights of the year between two of the most popular boxers on these shores.
Both European and Commonwealth champion Cook and British title holder Williams are extremely determined characters and both throw plenty of punches, but neither are devastating hitters - which means we are likely to be in for a long evening.
Both are tall and rangy and both struggle to make the limit at featherweight and on paper at least, it looks like a fabulous clash of styles.
I met Cook a couple of weeks ago and Ive got to say, he looks in tremendous condition. He has been training three times a day out in Tenerife and looked bronzed and very healthy. But the one concern for Nicky has to be his hands. They are small and we know he has had problems with them in the past.
Williams is trained by Dai Gardner which means he will be in great shape himself. Dai is from the old school and he only knows one way to train his fighters - the hard way! You know when any fighter of his climbs into the ring, he will be in excellent condition.
Both men also need to prove a point after their last fights.
Cook was a little disappointing in October when, back in front of the Sky Sports cameras, he had to settle for points win over Johnny Begue, when we all expected him to blow the Frenchman away.
Dazzo will also be looking for a vast improvement from his controversial win over Scotsman John Simpson in November. I have to hold my hands up and say I didnt see the fight, but by all accounts he was fortunate to keep hold of his British title.
Williams also had a huge slice of luck in his first fight with Roy Rutherford back in November 2003, when I thought he was fortunate to get the decision. He made amends seven months later with a much more mature performance in the rematch and fully deserved the win, but you wonder just how many lives he has got left!
One thing we do know about Dazzo is that he is rarely involved in a dull fight and I am sure that will be the case come Thursday night.
Cook will have a huge and noisy backing as usual, but dont forget Dazzo is a London lad originally so he will have plenty of local support to go with those who have made the trip from his adopted base in Hereford.
We know the atmosphere will be bristling and I am sure we are going to get a fight to match.
I think the plan for Cook will be to come out and try to take control of the fight and set the pace early on, but at the same time, I expect Williams to try and take the fight to him.
It really is a wonderful clash of styles and by the middle rounds I can see it developing into a real war. It will be nip and tuck the whole way through and although it promises to be close, if I had to pick a winner, I would have to favour Cook.
But whoever comes through, I have no doubt they will fancy a step up in class next - and the obvious choice is WBO champion Scott Harrison.
I know Cook was at ringside at the MEN Arena to see the Scot beat Michael Brodie two weeks ago, and I am sure he saw plenty of signs of encouragement that night.
While he won of course, Harrison did look vulnerable in the third round and it looked like Brodie was breaking the champion up and was going to turn the fight around.
But Harrison pulled out that left hook to the body to end it all - and that is the x-factor that world champions have, the ability to produce something great when it is needed.
Nevertheless, I just get the feeling that he might be on the wane and either either Cook or Williams would provide another stiff test of his credentials.
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Interesting stuff... I'm not sure that Harrison would be the best opponent for Nicky Cook though. Cook is a pressure fighter and will probably go to war with Harrison, where as the way to beat Harrison is to play the boxer/counter puncher.
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Well Nicky Cook took care of business a lot earlier than I thought he would!
I'm starting to think that a fight between him and Scott Harrison is looking likely.
I've heard that Scott Harrison is close to signing a unification fight with Juan Manuel Marquez, but us British fans have heard a lot of crap like this before and tend to not believe any of it till we see them in the ring together!... LOL!...
So who do you guy's think would win the Harrison vs Cook match up?
Glasgow's Finest
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Location: Glasgow, Scotland
Age: 38
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It was a cracking body shot that ended it for Cook and not something I was expecting, I said a distance fight so he did the job a lot better than I thought but I still don't think he'd be strong enough for Harrison at this point, he would most likely try and have a fight with Scott by the sound of him and I don't think that's too wise, I'd say Harrison in the middle rounds if that comes off in the near future(Harrison would get well beaten by Marquez though!)Cook should defend his titles a couple of times first before going for anything bigger though I understand he doesn't want to wait around but assuming he doesn't get the title shot he's got 3 titles to defend himself, not sure about Europe but in Britain he's got Stephen Foster jr who's unbeaten in 18 or John Simpson who was robbed against Dazzo last time out and maybe Roy Rutherford at a push, as a wildcard I'd like to see Willie Limond who's 24-1 and boxing on Friday to move down to feather as he's not big at the higher weight and lacks a bit of power so a move down would suit him I think.
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NYDUTCHE-L ArchivesArchiver > NYDUTCHE > 2004-12 > 1103684527
From: "SUZANNE WHITMIRE" <>
Subject: Descendants of Thomas Stringham and Mary Frost- Rerun!
Date: Tue, 21 Dec 2004 22:02:07 -0500
BlankI am resubmitting this as I wanted to add the information I had about the
other Children of Thomas Stringham and Mary Frost. Since there are so
many people searching for relatives on this list, I thought perhaps someone
might find information they didn't have from names of some of the spouses.
I also wanted to be sure everyone understood that even though I am pretty old,
Thomas Stringham, his wife Mary, and their children were my ancestors
and not my descendents, as I previously had written!! (Whoops!)
Still not guaranteed to be perfect, but I have checked and rechecked dates
and names.
I thought perhaps I could help on this, but our common ancestor begins
with David Stringham's father, so I can't add to any of your info below.
We do have some Barnes in our line also, but have no way of knowing whether
these are related to the one in your line or not. I suspect they must be
since they are apparently from the same area.
Perhaps you already have this information, but, in case you don't,
David's parents were:
Thomas Stringham (b. in Clinton 10/25/1760; d. 10/24/1840)
m. 10/23/1783 in Clinton, DC to Mary Frost (b. 4/17/1762; d. 3/7/1844)
Thomas and Mary lived in Hudson, NY in 1755, Queensbury in 1790,
Clinton from 1803 (where they had married in 1783)
They had 13 children, two of whom were twins: Thomas & Jacob, but
not the same Stringham twins, obviously, listed earlier on this list.
(John & James)
I shall add below only the information on my ancestor, Daniel,
and what I have on your ancestor, David.
(I have the names and dates on most of the other children of Thomas and
Mary, but not their descendants.)
My ancestor was Daniel (b. in Clinton 10/29/1792; d. 6/27/1844 in Freedom
m. first wife, 6/26/1816, Elizabeth Baright (birth & death dates unknown,
but she had
a sister, Sarah Baright b. 6/3/1801 who married one of David's younger
brothers, Jacob, in 11/27/1821. The two sisters' parents were John and
Eleanor Baright. )
Daniel and Elizabeth had 4 children: (I have no other info about these 4)
Mary B. Stringham, b. 5/22/1818
Susan Ann Stringham, b. 9/14/1821
Sarah Stringham, b. 6/6/1824
Thomas Stringham b. 3/28/1828 (Perhaps Elizabeth died at his birth)
Daniel's 2nd wife was Jemima Alley. whom he married 1/25/1831
Jemima was born 1/16/1792, d.1/08/1859. She raised the 4 previous
children and she and Daniel had one child:
James Alley Stringham b. 2/28/1834; d.11/29/1909
(m. 3/5/1866 Hester Louise VerValin in Freedom Plains.)
He was born and died in Freedom Plains (Stringham Road was named
after him) James and Hester were the parents of my Grandfather,
Edward Barnes Stringham, b.4/22/1867 d. 6/24/1940 in
Fishkill Plains. (He ran the old mill, the remains of which can still be
seen on Route 376 just before you go over the bridge that crosses
Sprout Creek, which separates the Towns of Wappinger and East Fishkill.
(Probably by now, only the 2 cement silos are visible).
(I was raised in the house across the road from the mill)
This mill was previously run by his wife's father A. Bloodgood VanWyck
Edward married, 10/19/1898, Susan Varick Van Wyck
(b.11/11/1872; d. 7/30/1957)
Edward and Susan had 6 sons. The second
oldest was my father, George Lauder Stringham, b. 9/10/1900, d. 8/31/1983.
He practiced Veterinary Medicine in Dutchess Co. for over 40 years
Marion, Your Ancestor, David was born 4/15/1803, died 4/03/1856
and married Lydia Barmore, b.10/01/09; d. 1901
I did not even have her birth or death dates, but have added that to my
records from your information below.
Other Children of Thomas Stringham and Mary Frost were:
1- Sarah - b. 7/17/1784; d. 1/13/1856; m.11/23/1804 Jacob Clapp
2- Anna - b. 8/4/1786 m. d. ???????? m. 1803 Samuel Haight
3- Isaac - b. 6/3/1788 m. Nancy Stringham (Father was Peter Stringham born c1763)
4- Owen - no info
5- Daniel - b. 10/29/1792; d. 6/27/1844; m. 6/26/1816 to Elizabeth Baright,
and 1/26/1831 to Jemima Alley (see above)
6- Mary - b. 6/26/1794; d. 1844; d. 4/28/1863; m. 4/24/1828 m. Benjamin Sheldon
7- Hannah b. 12/9/1796; d. 10/28/1871 (no spouse listed)
8- Phoebe b. 1/6/1799; d. 8/6/1872; m.1/24/1822 or 1/20/1822 to Reuben Kipp
(son of Abram and Catherine Kipp)
9 & 10 - Twins b. 6/3/1801
Thomas b. 6/3/180l; d. 10/14/1872; m.2/25/1824 Hannah Halstead
(Parents: David Halstead and Judith Griffin)
Jacob b. 6/3/1801; d. ???????; m. 11/27/1821 Sarah Baright
(Parents John and Eleanor Baright)
(sister of Elizabeth who was first wife of Daniel Stringham, Jacob's older brother.)
11- David - b. 4/5/1803; d. 4/03/1856; m.?????? Lydia Barmore b.10/1/1809
12- Patience - b.7/31/1805; d. 5/02/1812
13- Dorcas b. 8/16/1808; d.4/17/1887 - m. 12/22/1827 Griffin Wilbur b. 12/22/1827
(Parents: Nathan and Abigail Wilbur).
Suzanne S. Whitmire
Seneca, SC
----- Original Message -----
From: "mazimmer" <>
To: <>
Sent: Friday, December 10, 2004 7:53 AM
Subject: Re: [NYDUTCHE] Dutchess County's Eighty-Year-Old Twins [John &
James Stringham]
> My records on the Stringham connection (John and James are family-
> Uncles) - can anyone fill in the blanks?
> Thanks, Marion (Briggs)
>> Descendants of David Stringham
>> 1 David Stringham 1803 - b: 1803
>> . +Lydia Barmore 1809 - 1901 b: October 1, 1809 d: 1901
>> ........ 2 Isaac Stringham 1834 - b: July 30, 1834
>> ............ +Lucinda Lyon 1840 - 1911 b: April 8, 1840 d:
>> July 24, 1911 m: November 18, 1857
>> ................... 3 Emma Stringham 1863 - 1925 b: April
>> 18, 1863 d: December 3, 1925 ....................... +Theron
>> Jay Briggs 1860 - 1941 b: June 7, 1860 d: May 27, 1941 m:
>> November 2, 1881
>> .............................. 4 Arthur L. Briggs 1885 - 1961
>> b: August 25, 1885 d: March 13, 1961 in Hyde Park , New York
>> .................................. +Flora Van Tassell 1886 -
>> 1952 b: January 26, 1886 d: February 5, 1952 m: June 3, 1908 in
>> New Hackensack, New York
>> .............................. 4 Clara May Briggs 1891 - 1967
>> b: May 28, 1891 d: March 31, 1967 in Rhinebeck ...................
>> 3 Mary E. Stringham 1872 - b: February 13, 1872
>> ....................... +Edwin Lloyd m: August 28,
>> 1895
>> .............................. 4 Marenes H. Lloyd 1900 - b:
>> March 23, 1900 .............................. 4 Phoebe M.
>> Lloyd 1902 - 1993 b: February 24, 1902 d: March 20, 1993 in
>> Poughkeepsie, New York ..................................
>> +Elmer L. Tripp - 1969 d: July 2, 1969 in Poughkeepsie, New York
>> m: June 27, 1925 in Poughkeepsie, New York
>> ........ 2 Henry Stringham 1831 - b: October 18, 1831
>> ............ +Catherine Briggs m: October 7, 1857
>> ........ 2 Thomas Stringham 1833 - b: May 22, 1833
>> ............ +Mary H. Adams m: October 7, 1857
>> ........ 2 John Stringham 1835 - b: September 22, 1835
>> ............ +Ann Eliza Barnes m: September 30,
>> 1807
>> ........ 2 James Stringham 1835 - b: September 22, 1835
>> ............ +Gertrude Van Keuren
> SUZANNE WHITMIRE wrote:
>> Ginny,
>> Stringham is my maiden name! This is so interesting; shall have to trace
>> and
>> see if we are in the same line. My Grandfather (Edward Barnes Stringham)
>> was born in Freedom Plains.
>> Stringham Road was named after his family, and their farm was where the
>> School now sits on Stringham Road. (It used to be the Junior High when we
>> lived in the area; not sure if it still is.)
>> Am so glad you included this! Thank you!
>> Suzanne S. Whitmire,
>> now of Seneca, SC; originally from
>> Fishkill Plains in Dutchess Co.
>> ----- Original Message ----- From: "Ginny" <>
>> To: <>
>> Sent: Wednesday, December 08, 2004 6:45 PM
>> Subject: [NYDUTCHE] Dutchess County's Eighty-Year-Old Twins [John & James
>> Stringham]
>>> [Not my Family but just too precious and article to pass by on the
>>> microfilm, transcribe and share! Some Quaker/Friends History Included
>>> also in this article!]
>>> Dutchess County's Eighty-Year-Old Twins [This article did have a picture
>>> of the "boys"]
>>> The Courier
>>> Sunday September 26, 1915
>>> John and James Stringham, who were born in the Town of Clinton, Dutchess
>>> County, have just celebrated their eightieth birthday anniversary. They
>>> are twins and there are few, if any, older twins in the country. John
>>> Stringham lives at Glen Clove, L. I., and James Stringham lives in
>>> Vandeveer Park, Brooklyn.
>>> This remarkable pair celebrated their birthday anniversary Wednesday of
>>> the past week. Both are in good health and their faculties are
>>> remarkably bright. To right living and maintaining a cheerful
>>> disposition they give credit to their long years.
>>> They were born in the Town of Clinton, Dutchess County, in 1835, sons of
>>> David and Lydia Stringham. They had five sons - the twins are the only
>>> ones living. However, all reached the age of three score and ten, four
>>> of the five brothers were married within a month of each other and all
>>> lived to celebrate their golden wedding anniversary.
>>> John Stringham was married in 1857 to Ann Eliza Barnes, who died about
>>> two years ago. She was a sister of L. W. Barnes of this city.
>>> Five children were born to them, a daughter and four sons; all are
>>> living, together with eight grandchildren and three great grandchildren.
>>> He is living with his daughter, Mrs. William Mudge of Glen Cove, L. I.
>>> James Stringham was married in 1865 to Gertrude VanKeuren, and they have
>>> three sons and three grandchildren. He has for many years been
>>> Superintendent of the Friends' Cemetery in Brooklyn and resides at 731
>>> East 31st Street, Vandeveer Park.
>>> The two brothers were long connected with the Old Friends' Meeting House
>>> at Crum Elbow, about forty years, acting during the latter years as
>>> preachers.
>>> They took an active part in starting the Friends' First-Day schools,
>>> something the older Friends did not take to very freely.
>>> They also championed the introduction of singing and music at these
>>> First-day schools, a decided departure in Friends' ceremonies.
>>> This is a wonderful life record and their many friends extend to them
>>> hearty congratulations and best wishes for many more happy birthdays.
>>> The following poem written by Henry David Stringham, of New York City, a
>>> son of John Stringham, to commemorate the eightieth birthday
>>> celebration:
>>> We started out as brothers, just a breath or two apart,
>>> In the good old days way back in 'thirty five.
>>> With the cousel of a father and a mother's loving heart,
>>> To keep our fondest memories alive.
>>> On the struggles and the labors we have shared as boy and man,
>>> There is little need today to meditate;
>>> They were balanced by the pleasures in the days since we began
>>> To Play round the dear old homestead gate.
>>> Life was always worth the living and we glance in silence back
>>> O'er the winnows and furrows of the field,
>>> And find the comforts granted in our sorrows did not lack
>>> The qualities that ministered and healed.
>>> The root of human happiness grows deep within our breast,
>>> Developed by the thoughts of loving friends,
>>> And many warm companions cheered us o'er the rising crest
>>> Toward the valley where the verdure never ends.
>>> If we missed the highest altitutes, we missed the tempests, too,
>>> With all their faithless fallacies and fears;
>>> Unnumbered hands and loyal hearts have held our courage true,
>>> We've been happy twins for eighty blessed years.
>>> **************************
>>> Ginny
>>> Copyrighted Transcription 2004 by Virginia A. Buechele
>>> Dutchess County Poorhouse Cemetery Page
>>> http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Acres/2843/saveacemetery.html
>>> The Day History Died!
>>> http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Acres/2843/thedayhistorydied.html
>>> My Home Page
>>> http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Acres/2843
>>> "Show me your cemeteries, and I will tell you what kind of people you
>>> have."
>>> Benjamin Franklin
>>> ==== NYDUTCHE Mailing List ====
>>> This list is currently being administrated by D. Joshua Taylor
>>> For help contact him at . Good luck with
>>> your Dutchess, NY families!
>>> ==============================
>>> Search Family and Local Histories for stories about your family and the
>>> areas they lived. Over 85 million names added in the last 12 months.
>>> Learn more: http://www.ancestry.com/s13966/rd.ashx
>> ==== NYDUTCHE Mailing List ====
>> This list is currently being administrated by D. Joshua Taylor
>> For help contact him at . Good luck with
>> your Dutchess, NY families!
>> ==============================
>> Jumpstart your genealogy with OneWorldTree. Search not only for
>> ancestors, but entire generations. Learn more:
>> http://www.ancestry.com/s13972/rd.ashx
> ==== NYDUTCHE Mailing List ====
> This list is currently being administrated by D. Joshua Taylor
> For help contact him at . Good luck with
> your Dutchess, NY families!
> ==============================
> Census images 1901, 1891, 1881 and 1871, plus so much more.
> Ancestry.com's United Kingdom & Ireland Collection. Learn more:
> http://www.ancestry.com/s13968/rd.ashx
==== NYDUTCHE Mailing List ====
This list is currently being administrated by D. Joshua Taylor
For help contact him at . Good luck with your Dutchess, NY families!
Search the US Census Collection. Over 140 million records added in the
last 12 months. Largest online collection in the world. Learn more: http://www.ancestry.com/s13965/rd.ashx
This thread:
|Descendants of Thomas Stringham and Mary Frost- Rerun! by "SUZANNE WHITMIRE" <>


text:
Op-ed writer Aundrea Murray seems to have gone to China with pre-conceived suspicion and paranoia [April 24, Fresh Talk, "Chinese Single Out Visiting Black Students"]. She assumed much without any attempt to verify her assumption, then she bravely constructed an opinion of China on the basis of her assumption.
As someone who has taken to China 50 American students, several of them African American, I would like to offer a few belated suggestions to Ms. Murray: 1) Instead of disengagement, embrace the warm and curious individuals around you; 2) Instead of discomfort with the unfamiliar, welcome diversity; and 3) Instead of condescension, make an attempt to learn and to grow.


text:
Design International is an innovative architectural firm with vast experience on a global scale. Originally founded in Toronto, Canada, in 1965, Design International's offices in London, Milan, and Shanghai are internationally recognised for research studies, planning and design of mixed-use, retail and hospitality developments. Today, the firm works across 7 integrated divisions: Architecture, Masterplanning, Interior Design, Lighting Design, Landscape Design, Signage & Wayfinding, and Branding & Marketing.
The firm is able to apply local knowledge and understanding to their international portfolio, as well as break down various cultural and language barriers, and this is down to the multi-national workforce, who come from nearly every corner of the globe.
The desire to create and deliver something that is truly iconic and custom-made, whilst respecting its surroundings, is a common goal shared by the firm's team of architects and designers. The team strives to bring culture and individuality into their designs, in order to produce something truly exceptional. The spaces are designed with the end-users in mind, and whilst the location is important, the firm focuses on the 'Emotion', the 'Experience' and the 'Engagement' of the future users.
Design International's design philosophy is deep rooted in the belief that every design has its own individual story; these bespoke spaces are created with the aim to trigger a unique experience for guests. The success lies in the ability to create an experience that is personal to each and every individual.
Design International has extensive experience masterplanning mixed-use projects that include retail, hospitality, residential, office, waterfront, entertainment, leisure and cultural uses. The firm's expertise lies in masterplanning a range of developments in a cohesive manner, and in identifying the most appropriate mix of uses for the site.
With a long history in design, architecture and urban planning, Design International offers clients a unique and comprehensive service. The firm's adopts a 'one stop' approach to the development scene, following the initial stages of sound planning and design with the necessary criteria for project success. The firm believes that a scheme must not only look right, but also be commercially viable. Careful considerations are taken into account with regards to construction budgets and tenant requirements, ensuring that the scheme can efficiently operate to achieve its full potential both as an investment and as a destination.
Due to Design International's expertise and unique approach, the firm is often employed as project directors, land use advisors and design-review consulting architects to complement the appointed project architects.
Design International participates in both design development and design plan interpretation during the construction stages.
The Design International lighting team are based in the firm's London and Milan offices. Providing a unique and integrated in-house service, the lighting team works alongside the other divisions; Master Planning, Architecture, Interior design, Landscape and Graphics. The seamless integration of the lighting department with the other departments at Design International ensure the creation of creative and innovative lighting concepts, as well as detailed solutions for the projects.
The team draw their skills from a wide range of international experience, with a long track record of providing integrated lighting solutions for the retail environment. Ranging from super-regional shopping centres to specialty entertainment centres, the lighting design team's experience covers architectural design, theatre lighting design, light engineering, interior design, graphic design and product design. All aspects of lighting design is covered, and ranges from high specification entertainment lighting, multi-media video solutions, energy efficient ambient lighting, to highly technical lighting for roadways.
Design International provides lighting planning and design consultancy services from 'Concept to Completion', presenting highly innovative concepts for their clients. With an intricate understanding of how light works, Design International is at the forefront of applying best practice to every aspect of conceptual and detailed lighting design, and endeavours to keep pace with the ever changing technology.
Each Design International project benefits from a highly creative approach which is combined with today's requirements for sustainability, day lighting, energy efficiency, maintenance and cost effectiveness.
The Design International Interior Design team comprises of interior and graphic designers, together with visualisation specialists. The firm's vision is to create unique brands and inspiring environments, which deliver memorable and emotionally-satisfying experiences for both clients and end-users. Design International treats their clients as individuals with specific needs, and tailor their creative thinking and services to suit, looking to create design solutions that exceed and transform clients' expectations.
The firm works creatively across the leisure and retail sectors, as well as on commercial and residential interiors. The firm's level of involvement in projects varies depending upon the brief. Design International works with clients on all levels, from strategy inception, briefing and planning throughout to concept design and development for interior design, furniture & fit-out design and even exhibition.
Design International woks closely with the architects and engineers to create integrated and themed environments such as foodcourt or public restrooms in shopping centers. All projects have a common quality; style, a true sense of place and occasion, and their own individuality.
Many of Design International's projects are large scale, often mixed use or retail developments that require comprehensive wayfinding and signage solutions. Our experienced graphic design team work closely with our architects and interior designers to create unique and inspiring environments, whereby the graphic elements contribute to an all-inclusive character of the building.
We believe that a unique character of a building requires bespoke signage solutions that respond to the architecture and use of the building, creating clear wayfinding systems. During the design process, Design International works closely with the clients, to make sure the signage solutions work alongside the existing graphics, such as shopfront signage and logos.
Our 'one-stop' approach also includes the production of bespoke logos, printed user-guides, as well as marketing and leasing brochures.
Our Quantity Surveying Team is involved in diverse projects of Design International, ranging from large scale architecture to bespoke small scale interior design projects. Assisting and supporting design and engineering teams, we estimate and specify design projects and envisage fulfilling client needs to a level of excellence as much as responding to technical issues and aesthetical aspirations.
Services carried out include cost & budget estimates, pre-contract costing, BoQ and material & supplier specification. We aim to achieve realistic, however economic cost solutions and prepare cost alternatives responding to design, environment and business plan objectives
Our objective is to provide clear and coherent project cost documentations at each project stage. We evaluate cost suitability by referring to international standards as well as case studies of previous Design International projects. Using the Standard Method of Measurement (SMM7) for building works, we refer to the RICS Code of Conduct.
Our Project Construction Management (PCM) team is involved in diverse international projects, ranging from large-scale construction to bespoke medium-scale projects. Design International's PCM team consists of highly skilled project managers and engineers who are experts at creating a strong bond and trust with our clients and envisage fulfilling their needs to a level of excellence.
Services carried out include: management of significant construction activities, assurance that the construction will follow client's approved design and cost and that every activity is recorded in the project documents and communicated to the project team. Keeping efficient communication lines between the Design team, Contractor and other project teams appointed by the client, PCM will lead the team to construct and define all standards whilst following the agreed construction budget.
Our objective is to provide our highly skilled project construction management service globally for projects of every scale. Our service provides a detailed global and integrated overview along with reports of each project's circumstances in consideration of international standards; finances; procurement and planning; quality control as well as all relevant elements required for the successful return of the client's investments.


text:
Stocks In Focus For September 20, 2012
Liberty Global (NASDAQ: LBTYA), the majority owner of Telenet Group Holding NV plans to launch a tender offer for the remaining stake in the Belgian cable company.
Software Giant Oracle (NASDAQ: ORCL) is scheduled to report fiscal first quarter, 2013 revenues on Thursday nights. The results could provide clues about the future trend of corporate technology spending later this year.
Adobe Systems (NASDAQ: ADBE), the manufacturer of Photoshop and Acrobat Software has announced that it expects its current quarter earnings to remain flat or decline as customers take to its new subscription based model faster than expected.
The Norfolk Southern's (NYSE: NSC) shares had dropped 5.5% on Wednesday after the company announced that weaker shipments of coal and merchandise along with lower fuel surcharge revenue would have a negative impact on its third quarter earnings this year.
Bank of America (NYSE: BAC) is planning to cut nearly 16,000 jobs by the end of this year as part of its cost cutting initiatives.
Posted-In: News Pre-Market Outlook Markets
© 2017 Benzinga.com. Benzinga does not provide investment advice. All rights reserved.


text:
Bryan Gould's band, vocalist and special guest were truly a tremendous amount of talent on stage that evening, with the ability to capture and satisfy the hunger of the jazz enthusiast in the audience Friday night at El Camino College, Center For The Arts. A lovely and substantial crowed attended the concert, to here Gould and his band with vocalist Jackie Ryan and special guest Terry Gibbs performed such notable songs as "Sweet Inspiration," "He's Not The Man For Me" and "Thank You For The Sunshine."
The band performed with such creative and artistic complexities that was certainly cherished and appreciated by the vocal response and applause from the audience. Moreover, the audience connected with Terry Gibbs' pleasant sense of humor and comedic anecdotes as well. As the evening draws to a close the audience was truly content, with vibraphonist Terry Gibbs as the replacement for trumpeter Clark Terry. The audience absolutely received a wonderful and entertaining evening, with the opportunity to purchase CD's from the artist as well. CD's, from Bryan Gould's, A Chicken Ain't Nothing But A Bird, Terry Gibbs', Hollywood Swing, Jackie Ryan's, For Havens Sakeand Jim Rothermal's Neoclassic Swing.


text:
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Sewforless.com is not responsible for typographical errors or omissions relating to pricing, copy, photography or application. In the event of a pricing error Sewforless.com will contact you via email, phone or fax with the correct pricing information.


text:
There's a phenomenon occurring right now that is hitting summer theatres nationwide: there is a dearth of production people available for hiring this spring. Which leads the clever actor to ponder: How can I use this to my advantage?
Do you have another skill that you can market to summer theatres, in addition to your acting, which will make you stand out in the sea of actors looking for summer work? The greatest needs are in carpentry, scene painting, props, and costumes. Also needed to a lesser extent are sound/electrics, stage managers, and box office workers. Can you find work in these fields? How do you market yourself? How would it affect your acting opportunities?
How Good Are You?
If you're looking to supplement acting work with another skill, you need to have training and experience in that area. That Stagecraft class you had to take freshman year is not enough. But, if you spent a few semesters as a "work study" student in the scene or costume shop, or in the box office, then you probably have the necessary skills. As a carpenter, you should be able to read working drawings, construct flats and platforms, use power tools with confidence, and be capable enough that someone could hand you a drawing, say "build that," and leave you on your own. To sell yourself as a scenic painter, you should be able to do all the basic techniques: wood grain, dry brushing, spraying, spattering, marbleizing, scumbling, stenciling. And you should be able to sketch out a drop from a design, by squaring off the original and transferring it to squares chalked onto the drop. Props? You need some building skills, and again should work well with power tools—have you ever built any furniture? Soft sculpture, working with Styrofoam and papier-mâché, painting, and lots of ingenuity are called for, plus the ability to track a myriad of details. Also helpful for a prop person is your own car, and the ability to sweet-talk furniture and antique dealers into loaning things.
If you are a strong sewer, you may be in luck even if most of your experience has been in making your own clothes, rather than working in a costume shop (although the latter is preferred). Can you use a machine with ease, and have you ever used a surger? Can you follow a pattern? Set in a sleeve, and a zipper? Can you do hand sewing quickly and efficiently—hems, buttons, trim? And have you had any experience at tailoring and alterations? Many more costume shops in the summer are pulling from their own stock or borrowing from someone else's, rather than building everything.
Stage management is an animal unto itself, and you would want to have considerable experience in it before putting yourself in that marketplace. But some companies may be looking for someone who can act in some shows and assistant stage manage others. Box office work is customer service, so any experience you have had in that area will help. Most box offices now use computer systems, which are not that difficult to learn, but, of course, computer experience of any kind is helpful. This is the one area where, if you have a strong background in retail sales, and the right personality, you may be a good candidate for the job, even if you have not worked specifically in a box office. You would want to look your best at the interview, and be able to explain your people skills and desire to be helpful to customers.
How Do You Get the Job?
Begin by putting together a separate resume for your non-acting work. It's important that you do a separate one, because, a) you don't want to crowd your acting resume, and, b) you want to be taken seriously as an actor and as a production or management worker. These resumes should be laid out more or less like a "real world" resume, an example of which you probably have on your computer somewhere. You would start out with an objective statement—
such as "to work in the costume shop of a summer theatre as a stitcher"—and then list your related experience, starting with the most recent job. Remember to include other work experience, even if it's not particularly related. If you taught something—anything at all—it means you have the capability of explaining things to people. If you worked in a restaurant or retail store, it means you have customer service skills. If you did office temp work, it means you're organized and computer literate. And don't worry if your resume fills only one page and looks thinner than your acting resume, since you're still selling yourself as an actor with additional skills, not strictly as a techie or management person.
Next, consider the combined auditions you're planning to attend. Look carefully at each of the listings here to see which of them have time set aside for staff interviews, and be sure to request a staff/tech application as well as an acting application. Applying as both will get your tech resume distributed to the producers attending; you might want to write on the resume "also auditioning on (day) at (time).' There are various ways of communicating to applicants, on the day of interviews, which theatres are looking for which positions, so that you can make appointments. Bring with you a stack of resumes and any example of your work you can come up with—for instance, photographs of shows on which you've done painting, building, or worked on costumes. If you're a stage manager, bring a production book with your cues neatly labeled. It's a little harder for management people, but try to bring a writing sample, like a press release, or a program or flyer that you've laid out. Even if you are going to be working in the box office, any way you can show that you are comfortable in the arts management milieu is a positive step.
You'll note that, this year, StrawHats is not offering a staff/tech interview time, but if you apply in tech, you will have your resume posted on their website, which is accessible (and well used) by all the theatre companies that will be attending. If you go this route, tell anyone who might contact you as a result of your online resume that you will be at the auditions, and you can meet with them there.
The Internet is another place to look for jobs at theatres anywhere, which may or may not be attending any of these auditions. Playbill On-line is a freebie; you just have to become a member. ArtSEARCH is a bi-monthly listing (in hard copy and/or e-mail) put out by TCG (Theatre Communications Group, 355 Lexington Ave., NYC 10017, 212-697-5230), though there is a subscription fee of $54 for a year. And if you check in on various online tech chat rooms, lists, and news groups, like alt.stagecraft, you will see postings of jobs available. Also, many theatre companies have their own websites, and would either post openings or have an e-mail address where you could send a request for information.
What Kind of Deal Can You Strike?
You should do some serious thinking about what you want for the summer before you go to any auditions or interviews. There is a broad range of possibilities, and you should contemplate which situations are desirable and which would not work for you. If your skills are highly marketable, you might be offered a good paying tech job, but without the possibility of any acting work—which may be just fine for this summer, if you really enjoy the work. On the other hand, if you are planning to use your additional skills merely as leverage, to make yourself more interesting to a company where you want to be a performer, then your bottom line may be working in that area only when you're not cast in the upcoming show. Project some possible scenarios, and draw your own line in the sand. That being said, however, come to auditions with an open mind, and listen to what people have to offer. All your discussions with theatre representatives should be positive ones; then go away with all the possibilities written down in your notebook, and think about which ones are really feasible for you.
Will working in another field on occasion, perhaps even for an entire summer, harm your status as an actor? There are two ways it will affect you: one is on your resume, and one is in your network. The resume is easy to control. You do not need to show any non-acting work on your acting resume, unless you want to list it under "special skills." So, if you work out a deal this summer where you do two shows on stage and two in the costume shop, you simply add the two acting credits to your resume. No problem. In terms of networking, your extra skills will probably help you in the long run. Folks who know you from the summer as being able to whip up a costume may call you to get involved in a showcase in the city, and how bad is that? If you get to the point that you feel people are looking upon you as someone who can stage manage a show or make a costume, but don't see you as an actor, then that is the point to begin telling them, "Sorry, I'm really focusing on my acting these days, so I've decided not to take any more non-acting work." At the worst, you've made a lot of contacts—actors and directors who know you as a person, so are more likely to call you in to an audition.
The wise actor this year may be the one who takes the current lay of the land into account and decides to "make hay while the sun shines."


text:
Capello should stick by Terry
The Football Association didn't sack David Beckham as England captain over his alleged affair with Rebecca Loos, they didn't kick Bobby Moore out when he was arrested for stealing a bracelet just before the World Cup in Mexico.
• Terry will keep England captaincy
• Terry scandal with team-mate's WAG
• Wayne Bridge considering options?
Even the high-heeled Sven got away with his personal indiscretions for years working with the FA, and there were plenty of those. So why should they give JT the red card. Well, they won't, will they?
It's certainly an embarrassment all round for John Terry and Wayne Bridge to be in the same England squad. But it's hardly as bad as one of the most infamous inter-dressing room affairs of the heart.
Jean-François Larios is a former France international and midfield star, who earned seventeen international caps and scored five goals for the national team during the late 1970s, early 1980s. The St. Etienne player took part in the 1982 World Cup finals but had to leave the France camp during the tournament after rumours surfaced that he was having an affair with the wife of Michel Platini, who is now UEFA President. Larios never played for France again while Platini failed to get his hands on the World Cup.
Current England captain Terry and his wife Toni approach St. Valentine's Day with plenty to talk about over a romantic candle-lit dinner, but there is no-one better than an Italian boss to put affairs of the heart into context.
Fabio Capello will decide the fate of his England captain, but as Terry has been a pillar of support for Capello's regime behind the scenes (and without a blemish against him within the camp), taking the captaincy from him is not really an option.
If Wayne Bridge opts out of England duty, he won't be the first player to do so. Jamie Carragher hasn't participated since calling time on his international career, nor has Aston Villa's full back Luke Young, despite receiving a recent call from Capello.
Terry would be a far greater miss than Bridge, Ashley Cole's deputy left-back, as there is a shortage of world-class centre-backs, so it would be hugely counter productive to ditch the captain right now and shoot yourself in the foot with only months to go before the World Cup finals in South Africa.
Of course Terry has put his foot in it, more than once, when the nation would love a clean cut, morally perfect, PR savvy England captain. But don't bother to advertise, they don't exist.
We all thought Steven Gerrard was as clean cut as you can get, the jutting jaw, the no nonsense style, the swash buckling goals that made him one of the world's most compelling goalscoring midfielders. But his part in a drunken bar room brawl changed that perception.
The time to assess Terry, and maybe even Capello, is after the attempts to win the World Cup for the first time since 1966. He will have his own demons to deal with before then.


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As part of our preparations for the lunacy that lands on our sports radars this Sunday, we've been digging around the irreplaceable Basketball Prospectus, trying to find those odd little tidbits on Oral Roberts and Siena. And we discovered something kind of amazing and oddly satisfying.
According to Ken Pomeroy's "Luck Ratings," the single unluckiest team in all of college basketball this year has been ... our Illini! That doesn't exactly make us feel better about a loss to Oprah's alma mater, but man, it at least allows us to convince ourselves that the stars have been aligned against us this year.
Anyway, because we're gluttons for punishment, we're gonna be live blogging the first round of the NCAA tournament next week, but our live blogging skills are quite rusty. (And don't compare to MJD's and Sussman's anyway.) So, as practice for that chaos, we're going to be live-blogging the Illinois-Penn State Big Ten Tournament game tomorrow at 2:30 p.m. ET. (Approximately.) We don't expect any of you to really care about our stupid Illini, but it wouldn't hurt us to stretch the muscles a little bit, so we're gonna say goodbye to this wretched team in style tomorrow.
Heck, maybe they'll even win! If they do, we won't be live-blogging that game; it's on the goddamned Big Ten Network.