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Barns & Sheds
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April 10, 2017
Your feed store is having a big sale, but here are some tips before you stock up.... Read More
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March 15, 2017
Get tips for cleaning and repairing your horse facility this spring. ... Read More
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March 06, 2017
Are you searching for a facility at which to board your horse? Here are a few things to consider.... Read More
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February 07, 2017
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Before You Sell a Horse Property
January 15, 2017
Barn and farm improvements small and large can boost your property's appeal to equine real estate buyers.... Read More
Innovations in Confinement Area Horse-Keeping
January 06, 2017
Find out how to construct safe, aesthetic, and eco-friendly confinement areas on your horse property.... Read More
Mud Management 102: Paddock Footing
December 30, 2016
Alayne shares tips for simple changes you can make to reduce or even eliminate mud on your property.... Read More
Breathing Easy: Managing Horses with Asthma
December 29, 2016
Does your horse have asthma? Find out how you can help him through management and environmental changes. ... Read More
Setting Goals for Managing Your Horse Property
December 29, 2016
Winter is a great time for planning. Here are some tips for planning, prioritizing, and tackling your "to do" list.... Read More
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Popular slideshows included those on skin conditions, horse properties, pasture weeds, the Rio Olympics, and more.... Read More
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December 23, 2016
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Take the Winter Solstice Chore Efficiency Test
December 21, 2016
Can you pass Alayne's test? Get advice for winterizing and making your horse property chore-efficient. ... Read More
Managing Barns and Buildings During the Winter
December 10, 2016
Take steps to ensure your barns, arenas, and other structures stay safe when cold and snow abound.... Read More
Not Your Grandmother's Bedding: Horse Bedding Alternatives
December 08, 2016
In search of a new type of bedding for your horse? Check out these different options.... Read More
Winterizing Horses
November 28, 2016
Take a few simple precautions and management approaches to help your horse weather winter safely.... Read More
Building an Indoor Riding Arena? First, Do a Needs-Analysis
November 12, 2016
Horses for Clean Water's Alayne Blickle explains how she weighed the need for an indoor arena against the cost.... Read More
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October 27, 2016
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Poll Recap: Horse Bedding Choices
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Of the 1,087 respondents, 559 (51%) said they use wood shavings or chips to bed their horses' stalls.... Read More
Poll Recap: Boarding and Riding Horses During Winter
October 18, 2016
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Pointing Mechanisms
Scan Mechanisms
After the scan mechanism Mipas on Envisat, RUAG Space has developed a two-axis scan mechanism for the IASI Instrument on the polar orbiting weather satellite Metop under the leadership of ThalesAlenia Space. This mechanism is required to perform in excess of 700 million activations during its five-year operational life. All flight models were delivered in 2002, the first flight unit is operating successfully since October 2006.
Coarse Pointing Mechanisms
The Coarse Pointing Assembly consists of three main assemblies:
- Support Assembly
- Azimuth Scan Unit (ASU)
- Elevation Scan Unit (ESU)
The Coarse Pointing Assembly is a part of the Optical Head and offers a compact low mass pointing and tracking function in two axes. This is achieved by employing a gimballed mirror configuration. This configuration can be adapted for any further commercial application. The follow-up mission are Alphabus and Meteosat Third Generation (MTG).
Fine Pointing Mechanims
- 2-axis tip-tilt mirror
- Angular range: + / - 10 mrads
- Signal-Bandwith: 1 kHz (~ 3 dB)
Antenna Pointing Mechanism
The Antenna Pointing Mechanism (APM) is a dual drive (azimuth over elevation) unit. The main functions of the APM are to provide accurate and stable pointing of the reflector and elevation axes and to route the RF signals between the antenna and the spacecraft.
- Rotation range azimuth stage: 237°
- Rotation range elevation stage: 340°
- Pointing speed: up to 2.5°/s
- Pointing accuracy: better than 0.1°
- Power consumption: < 6 W/stage
Single Axis Articulation
The high precision single axis articulation has been developed for SILEX, an optical data transfer interlink between satellites. The mechanism associates a ball-bearing pair, an optical encoder, a torque motor and a cable wrap for the electrical connections between the rotating and fixed parts.
A special attention on the torque performances (low torque, low noise, reproducibility) has been obtained. The hardware execution is compliant with the very high performance and quality level required by space applications.
- Angular range: 200°
- Number of pair connections: 95
- Number of RF connections: 2
- Maximum acceleration: > 1°/s2
- Maximum rotation speed: > 5°/s
- Life: > 300'000 cycles
- Torque constant: 0.12 Nm/rad
- Hysteresis: 0.4 Nm
- Mass (with full articulation): 9 kg
Disturbance Compensation Mechanism
The Disturbance Compensation Mechanism DCM essentially comprises a flywheel which is being accelerated/decelerated to produce a reaction-torque onto the S/C Platform that is exactly compensating the torque produced by the Scanner itself. A small Gyroscope affixed to the mobile part of the Scanner (i.e. the only necessary I/F with the scanning instrument) is measuring the angular rate change of the Scanner: The DCM Electronics converts this measurement into a command signal for the DCM drive motor to appropriately accelerate/decelerate the flywheel thus counteracting the Scanner torque. The angular rate of the DCM flywheel is controlled in a closed loop system.
- Peak Torque (Disturbing Source): 1 Nm
- Angular Momentum (Dist. Source): 1 Nms
- Residual Torque: (0.1 to 20 Hz) 25 mNm
- Reduction of Torque Disturbances: F > 10
- Static Unbalance (DCM): 10 mNm
- Life Cycles: > 18 million
- Performance is Independent of Disturbing Source Parameters (MoI, Scan Frequency and Amplitude)
- Scan Frequency: approx. 0.1 Hz
- Scanning Angle: ±25 deg
- Scanning Structure Inertia: approx. 1 kgm²
- Scanning Mass: ±15 kg

subset: commoncrawl


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Renato Klarnet
Senior Managing Director
Renato Klarnet is a Senior Managing Director and a member of G5 Advisors' Executive Committee. He is also responsible for Private Wealth Management and Asset Management at G5 Advisors.
From 2005 to 2007, Klarnet was the CEO of Tradewire Group, a US DMA broker-dealer that he founded in 2005. From 2003 to 2005, Klarnet was the portfolio manager for equity and fixed income in emerging markets at JPMorgan. From 2001 to 2003, he was in charge of Latin American equity at Goldman Sachs. From 1997 to 2001, Klarnet had a similar role at Morgan Stanley. He started his career at Pactual Bank, where he worked from 1993 to 1997 and where he was responsible for the commercial equity division.
Klarnet has a bachelors degree in Economics from PontifÃcia Universidade Católica (Rio de Janeiro).


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The Self Portrait The self portrait is how artist throughout history have portrayed themselves.
We are fascinated by the way artists portray themselves through self-portraiture. The way the artist conveys him/herself often deviates from their body of work or inspires new concepts to address. Our views of the artists are enhanced as we explore the full spectrum of their abilities. We see their work in a new light after being exposed to their conceived self-perception. This collection of self-portraits is divided into three subcategories: realistic portrayals, artistic statements, and mental reflections. Statement Art Realistic Representations Mental Reflections Joseph Turner is among the most highly regarded English Romantic artists. Particularly noteworthy in his works is his use of light and color. Known as "the painter of light," Turner stood out because of the effect the bold colors and striking use of light had on viewers emotionally. His 'Self Portrait' serves as a good demonstration of his innovative use of light. What would otherwise be a simple self- portrait is intensified by the bright column of light down the center of the work. El Greco's Self-Portrait as Saint Luke is a good example of the artist's style; it does not differ from his other works. He developed a signature style that can only be recognized as his own. In fact, unlike many artists, El Greco's paintings were not reproduced by imitators because his style was so unique. Notable are the long faces and slightly distorted bodies of figures.
Influence of 16th century Italian Mannerist painters is evident in El Greco's style. The bold shapes and swirled, but not light, brush strokes are shared in not only his greater body of work but also in his Self-Portrait. Anguissola was a female Mannerist artist during the Renaissance. Due to her father's support of her chosen profession she was able to have a successful career in a time female artists were still (for the most part) unrecognized. Anguissola's self-portrait was placed in our Realistic Portrayal section because her main goal was to represent things are they were, though she usually imparted a bit of the subjects personality, in her intimate portraits. However, this self-portrait of Anguissola mostly displays her distinguished place in society. A man known for his curiosity and desire to understand the natural world would be placed in our Realistic representation section. Da Vinci's self-portrait is perhaps simple when compared to his other works like the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, but he was also a prolific sketch artist, who recorded detailed drawings of subjects that captured his interest such as the sketch of a fetus and an anatomical study of the arm. The self-portrait reveals his advanced age with great attention detail. Albrecht Dürer, who is regarded as one of the most important artists of the Northern Renaissance, falls into our Realistic Portrayal section. With the discovery and popularization of oil painting, these northern artists were afforded more flexibility in creating accurate paintings. Durer painted this self-portrait when he was 28 years old and which alludes to the rigor of early artists training in recreating the natural world. Though, Durer does base himself on the image of Christ, it is unlikely that he wished to compare himself to Christ. It is more likely that his wanted to create a conventional representation of himself, so he turned to religious imagery, which was prevalent at the time. Whistler was known for basing his non-traditional works on musical arrangements, even going so far as to title paintings nocturnes and harmonies, which enhanced their abstract appearance (Nocturne in Black and Gold). However, his portraits are often true to their subjects and this self-portrait is no exception. One critic was believed to have described it as "vague like an apparition, but so gripping, so real", which is in part why we placed it in our Realistic Representation section. Whistler depicts himself in a modern button down coat and affirms his connection to the aristocracy by adopting a pose from "a portrait of Pablo de Valladolid by Velazquez." Francisco Goya's Self-Portrait deviates from the style for which he is most widely known. During the time he painted this work, he suffered a terrible illness that resulted in deafness. Probably because of his deafness, Goya began to explore the subconscious, mysterious, and fantastical corners of his mind through his painting. His works became extreme and more terrifying; his style progressed with the illness. Goya is often remembered as "the first of the moderns" because his works mark the output of the realism movement of the 19th century. This Self Portrait, begun before he was taken under by the illness, is a tame look at the painter's mind compared to what would later become a bold and frightening style. We chose to place Rockwell's Triple Self-Portrait at the forefront of our Statement section because the piece itself makes a statement about the art of self-portraits. In the portrait, Rockwell depicts himself painting himself while looking at himself in a mirror. By placing himself with his back to the viewer in the painting, it gives the viewer the effect being present for the portrait. The confusing mash-up of what the viewer perceives as real and what is actually occurring is part of Rockwell's particular brand of wittiness. In the right hand corner of his canvas, the "self-portrait Rockwell" has tacked up a few famous artists' self-portraits including: Picasso, Van Gogh, Rembrandt, and Durer. By referencing these famous artists and showing their realistic self-portraits, he makes the viewer consider the realism of art. Is it like looking through a window onto the real world, or is it like the make-believe world that Rockwell has created in his clever self-portrait? Close was part of the photorealist or superrealism movement that focused on creating photo-accurate paintings. While it is Close's intent to make a realistic (superrealistic) portrayal of himself, he is also making a statement by making a portrait that is more than it seems. Just the concept of the portrait being more than a portrait places it in our "Statement" sub-theme. This is not just a painting to convey the artist's appearance. As shown by this quote: I am not trying to make facsimiles of photographs. Neither am I interested in the icon of the head as a total image. I don't want the viewer to see the whole head at once and assume that that's the most important aspect of my painting. I am not making Pop personality posters like the ones they sell in the Village. That's why I choose to do portraits of my friends--individuals that most people will not recognize. I don't want the viewer to recognize the head of Castro and think he has understood my work.--Chuck Close, 1970 Penone's self portrait differs greatly from his other works, such as Tree of 12 meters or Scrive, legge, ricorda (He writes, he reads, he remembers), both of which utilize untraditional media, like entire trees, to impart are message that encouraged traditional sculpture and a love of art and nature. His self-portrait, which we have placed in our Statement self-portraiture section, is different. While Penone tried to distance himself from the conceptual art movement, this self-portrait carries a message about looking inward for creative inspiration and illustrates the ways the artist is capable and yet incapable of looking at the world in new ways. In his self-portrait, Penone wore custom made mirrored contacts in order to "experience his own body mass more objectively by blinding himself." The work also, subtly, references the times and culture because details such as clothing and hairstyle are visible to the viewer, not just the artists eyes. "Ron Mueck prefers not to talk about his work. But in conversation a few years ago he made it clear to me that scale is one of his chief concerns. Small things made big, or big things made small have a new and potent impact on the viewer."
- Waldemar Januszczak
Mueck creates hyperrealistic, monumental sculptures that convey, through size and meticulous attention to detail, the human psyche and conditions such as loneliness, and vulnerability. We place his self-portrait in our Statement section because while he represents every minute detail of himself, he does it in such an unflinching way that the viewer cannot help but realize that this work is about something bigger than just "big". The viewer experiences an intimacy that is hard to achieve with such monumental work and in a way, that makes it seem more life-sized. In this self-portrait Warhol masks his eyes with sunglasses "like the kind of celebrity he began to frequent" in his early career. This set of self-portraits was actually commissioned by Florence Barron, which is a strange reversal of the roles patron and artist usually play, and Warhol obliged him with several mug shots taken in a photo booth. This work not only challenges the traditional idea of an artist's self-portrait being a vehicle for his or her own self expression, but also comments on pop culture- as the artists presents himself as in the same manner a celebrity would. This self-portrait is part of the Women of Allah series that Neshat, an Iranian artist, used to blend her Iranian and Western ideologies and deal with of her sense of displacement after the Iranian Revolution. Neshat says she wishes to "untangle the ideology of Islam through art". We have placed her in our Statement section because her art often addresses the psychological, social, and political place of women in contemporary Islamic society. It also features contrasts such as light and dark, male and female, and black and white. This first large scale work of Kahlo's is one among a large collection of self-portraits she painted in her lifetime. The piece is a double self-portrait painted after her divorce from Diego Rivera, a Mexican muralist. It reflects her split feelings after the divorce and a struggle to define herself as a result of her conflicting European and Mexican roots. Dali is a surrealist artist whose work often contains intellectual puzzles and visual ambiguities. This self-portrait is an interesting mixture between illusionistic surrealism (or nonsensical objects realistically depicted) and emotive self-portraiture (because Dali was coping with living in the United States). However, Dali's use of his own loose skin can be interpreted is a statement about boundaries, facades and experience, which is why we place it into our Statement section. In this self-portrait Picasso represents himself as a mysterious and melancholy painter, with an unshaven face and a concealing black cloak. This is fitting because this work is from his Blue Period, when much of his work was focused around a somber mood (due in part to the suicide of a friend). This mood pervaded the works he made during the Blue Period and this representation of Picasso's psyche place it in our Mental Reflection section. At the height of his artistic career, Edvard Munch painted this self-portrait. He depicts himself standing tall with a troubled expression. The mysterious light sources that comes from below and in front of him are intended to represent the flames of hell. Courbet executed a series of 20 self-portraits between 1842 and 1885, which he likened to an autobiography. Thus, he recreated the emotions and interests of his life and put his psyche on display. Courbet's analysis of himself in these self-portraits is part of the Romantic ideal of self-expression and led to the development of his Realistic style, which would define his career. We place Courbet in our Mental Reflection section because, while Courbet is adopting a persona in this self-portrait (he depicts himself as a man on the edge of insanity), the viewer is led to believe that there is some truth in this display. De Lempicka was a female Polish Art Deco artist who specialized in being novel and precise. Her style seems to be influenced by the "soft" cubism of Andre Lhote and many of her works employ sharp, stylized figures. This self-portrait is one of her most iconic pieces, as she depicts herself behind the wheel of a green Bugatti, giving her the air of being independent and glamorous all at once. This places her in our Statement section because it displays her confidence, both as a female artist and a woman in society. It was placed on the cover of Die Dame, a popular magazine at the time. Much later in Auto-Journal magazine a critic remarked, "the self-portrait of Tamara de Lempicka is a real image of the independent woman who asserts herself. Her hands are gloved, she is helmeted, and inaccessible; a cold and disturbing beauty [through which] pierces a formidable being—this woman is free" Le Brun's Self-Portrait in a Straw Hat is a display of the artist's upbringing in a fashionable, upper class parisian society. She attended the French Academy and French Queen Marie Antoinette became her primary patron. Le Brun depicts herself in highly stylish attire. The resulting image is one of quiet sophistication. The ambiguous background leaves something to be desired, with its vague suggestion of naturalism. Her modest, pale figure is overwhelmed by her overwrought wardrobe. Vincent Van Gogh was a self-taught painter. His mental instability influenced his artistic career, clearly shown in his self-portrait. One night, after an argument with fellow painter Gauguin, Van Gogh cut off his own ear in a fit of rage. It is interesting to note that while he cut off his left ear, it is his right one that is bandaged in the painting--perhaps simply because he was a mirrored reflection to paint what he saw. Following this incident, he checked himself into an insane asylum where he continued to paint. Some of his most famous works, such as Starry Night, were painted while in the institution. Van Gogh's textural painting style with its visible brush strokes and bright colors contributes to the life-infused quality of his work. This sketch-like painted self-portrait by Claude Monet is similar in style to that of his other impressionistic works. The sweeping, light brush strokes, characteristic of impressionist work, show the hand of the artist. Monet presents himself seated by a window in his everyday clothing. He is not attempting to portray himself in a false, or glorified light. He seems entirely at easy in the portrait and though the painting is unfinished, the viewer is drawn into the space he occupies- believing in the reality of that space. This portrait is simultaneously eye-catching and unnerving. This artist's startled expression arrests the viewer with its potent alarm. The underlying humorous tone grants insight into the artist's playful personality. Although rendered as a monotone etching, the portrait nonetheless possesses a certain depth and intrigue. Caravaggio's self portrait, one of the last paintings of his artistic career, shows the biblical hero David holding the decapitated head of Goliath. Some argue that the Philistine's severed head is in fact the artist's self portrait. The figures stand out from the consuming blackness that surrounds them. In depicting himself as the head of a slain giant, Caravaggio was said to be making an attempt to reconcile his questionable past with feelings of remorse. The tone of the painting is one of intense emotional pain and brooding. Prior to modern technologies which enabled artists to capture their exact physical appearance, artists relied on painting from observation to record themselves. In addition to their literal interpretations, artists used their style and compositions not only to express their likeness, but also to convey their state of mind. We are allowed a glimpse into the artist's mind through their sometimes skewed self-representations. Self-portraiture has also proven to be an ideal channel for projecting statements and concepts. For it is not always the artists goal to portray only their appearance. Statement portraiture represents both the artist and their ideas. We find that these select self-portraits bring us the most understanding of the artist and their times. They also create dialogues between class and composition, and emotion and experience.
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Self Portrait: Art History
Originally created by Zoe Dehmer,Sofie Kennedy, Katie McKenzie, and could be found at http://prezi.com/os-ivynqouin/art-history-self-portrait-collection/
Michael Wiechmannon 16 October 2012
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This automatic pencil has a fine-machined point, non-slip grip, and clutch-action advance. A fixed 4 mm lead sleeve ensures precise lines when using templates, rulers, and triangles. The pencil also features a white vinyl eraser with a cover on the end for quick fixes.
® STAEDTLER is a registered trademark.® Mars is a registered trademark.
(based on 9 reviews)
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of respondents would recommend this to a friend.
Reviewed by 9 customers
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Valued pencil
By DJO
from CO
Comments about Staedtler Mars Draft Automatic Pencil:
Great feel and balance. My second pencil of this brand. Great value as well.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
Was this review helpful? Yes / No
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By Miss h
from New castle
I use this mechanical pencil mainly to sketch. Ive been using it for over two years now. Recently I've repurchased two other pencils one 0.5 and 0.3. I like that it has a little switch to choose the type of refill you're using. For example, I always use HB so I change the switch to hp.
(0 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
By cris
from new mexico
Rather than taping all the leads I use the taper lets you remember what I got working
(3 of 3 customers found this review helpful)
Best drafting pencil ever
By Roxygirl93
from Georgia
I use this pencil for drafting designs all the time and it is one of the best pencils I have ever bought.
(6 of 6 customers found this review helpful)
Crossworders Go Staedtler's
By cinderthistle
from Miami FL
I need a mech pencil to do those crosswords that come in books of 200, on poor-quality, greyish paper, and tiny grids; get tired of sharpening regular pencils. I don't need an engineer's instrument, but a well-crafted, reliable mech, and that's always a Staedtler. The leads don't break all the time and they feed dependably, the point (0.03) cuts into that cheap (crossword) paper and chisels a legible letter, and the eraser actually works (unlike some). My only quibble is that the same eraser isn't long enough (or perhaps it's my crossword skill that's too small).
(9 of 10 customers found this review helpful)
Plastic-ish, too light, terrible grip.
By GuiAmbros
from Miami, FL
I have a Staedtler that I bought in Japan a few years ago, and was expecting something similar. My Staedtler has the body all in metal, which gives a perfect balance and great grip.This pencil is nothing like the one I have. It's all plastic and very light, which gives it a poor balance. It's a good value if you're looking for a day-to-day automatic pencil, has doesn't have that something special.I decided to return these and go with the Alvin Draft Matic.
Bottom Line No, I would not recommend this to a friend
(9 of 9 customers found this review helpful)
found better but for twice the price..
By 1936studebaker
from new joysie...
i gave it only 3 stars due to 2 reasons...one, merely a slight annoyance...the other more significant, at least to me...the first reason is the eraser cover/cap...i found it awkward replacing it back over the eraser after each time i'd use the eraser...it will not snap back securely without pressing down on the lead feed 'clicker' so each time i'd try to put the cap back over the eraser, i'd inadvertantly extend the graphite lead at the other end...finally, after several such tries i simply left the eraser cap off...the second reason is the availability of eraser refills...if you use a separate, dedicated eraser while you work/draw then neither of my reasons shall matter to you and otherwise it's an excellent pencil...i, however, like the convenience of having the eraser afixed to my pencil and thus i don't even use a separate eraser...these erasers are very thin however, and they get used up very fast...unfortunately, eraser refills for staedtler are difficult to find so i finally decided to buy another pencil, one without these shortcomings [at least short comings as far as i'm concerned]...i bought a koh-i-noor 'mephisto', which has no protective eraser cap [you twist the eraser housing to extend or retract the eraser] and for which eraser refills are commonly available, and i'm happier with the latter...it is more expensive however...if the eraser issue is a non-issue to you, then by all means buy the staedtler mars though...it is a well made mechanical pencil therefore i'd still recommend it highly to everyone who will not opt to use the pencil's built in eraser...
(4 of 4 customers found this review helpful)
Great pencil, but erasers hard to find
By vj
from New York, NY
Great pencil, but the erasers are hard to find and rather expensive compared to other similar pencils.
Wonderful Pencil
By MC
from BOSTON, MA
I use this pencil for basic preliminary sketches of artwork I do with pen and marker. I love the thinness of the pencil itself, most mechanical pencils with this size lead are relatively bulky and hard to control. This is a fantastic deal, I love using the .03 to work out tiny details.
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Dick Blick Art Materials · P.O. Box 1267 · Galesburg, IL 61402-1267 · Toll-free Phone (800) 828-4548 International Phone +1-309-343-6181 ext. 5402 · Fax (800) 621-8293
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|Asta Juzeniene
|Scientist, Ph.D.
|+47 2278 1200
Author network for Asta Juzeniene by COREMINE medical
Publications 2017
Endosome Targeting meso-Tetraphenylchlorin-Chitosan Nanoconjugates for Photochemical Internalization
Biomacromolecules, 18 (4), 1108-1126
PubMed 28245649
Publications 2016
Do studies reporting 'U'-shaped serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D-health outcome relationships reflect adverse effects?
Dermatoendocrinol, 8 (1), e1187349
PubMed 27489574
Layer Thickness of SPF 30 Sunscreen and Formation of Pre-vitamin D
Anticancer Res, 36 (3), 1409-15
PubMed 26977044
The influence of photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid on senescent skin cancer cells
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 17, 29-34
PubMed 27777143
Phototherapy and vitamin D
Clin Dermatol, 34 (5), 548-55
PubMed 27638432
Folic acid and its photoproducts, 6-formylpterin and pterin-6-carboxylic acid, as generators of reactive oxygen species in skin cells during UVA exposure
J Photochem Photobiol B, 155, 116-21
PubMed 26780587
Publications 2015
Supramolecular nanoscale assemblies for cancer diagnosis and therapy
J Control Release, 213, 152-167
PubMed 26160308
Daily, seasonal, and latitudinal variations in solar ultraviolet A and B radiation in relation to vitamin D production and risk for skin cancer
Int J Dermatol, 55 (1), e23-8
PubMed 26547141
Vitamin D and ultraviolet phototherapy in Caucasians
J Photochem Photobiol B, 147, 69-74
PubMed 25846579
Influence of multiple UV exposures on serum cobalamin and vitamin D levels in healthy females
Scand J Public Health, 43 (3), 324-30
PubMed 25740614
Vitamin D levels and dietary intake among patients with benign soft tissue tumors and sarcomas
Anticancer Res, 35 (2), 1171-80
PubMed 25667508
Publications 2014
Sun exposure and melanomas on sun-shielded and sun-exposed body areas
Adv Exp Med Biol, 810, 375-89
PubMed 25207377
Minimal and maximal incidence rates of skin cancer in Caucasians estimated by use of sigmoidal UV dose-incidence curves
Int J Hyg Environ Health, 217 (8), 839-44
PubMed 25023193
The relationship between UV exposure and incidence of skin cancer
Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed, 31 (1), 26-35
PubMed 25213656
Ultraviolet-radiation and health: optimal time for sun exposure
Adv Exp Med Biol, 810, 423-8
PubMed 25207380
Publications 2013
Biologically efficient solar radiation: Vitamin D production and induction of cutaneous malignant melanoma
Dermatoendocrinol, 5 (1), 150-8
PubMed 24494048
Clearance mechanism of protoporphyrin IX from mouse skin after application of 5-aminolevulinic acid
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 10 (4), 538-45
PubMed 24284108
Photodegradation of cobalamins in aqueous solutions and in human blood
J Photochem Photobiol B, 122, 7-14
PubMed 23558034
The action spectrum for folic acid photodegradation in aqueous solutions
J Photochem Photobiol B, 126, 11-6
PubMed 23892004
Cutaneous malignant melanoma incidence rates in Norway
Scand J Public Health, 41 (4), 336-9
PubMed 23439631
North-South gradients of melanomas and non-melanomas: A role of vitamin D?
Dermatoendocrinol, 5 (1), 186-91
PubMed 24494053
Sunbed use and cutaneous melanoma in Norway
Scand J Public Health, 41 (8), 812-7
PubMed 23907734
Increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 in humans after sunbed exposures compared to previtamin D3 synthesis in vitro
J Photochem Photobiol B, 122, 32-6
PubMed 23591142
Publications 2012
Reply to "Vitamin D supplementation did not prevent influenza-like illness as diagnosed retrospectively by questionnaires in subjects participating in randomized clinical trials"
Scand J Infect Dis, 44 (9), 712-3
PubMed 22385298
Beneficial effects of UV radiation other than via vitamin D production
Dermatoendocrinol, 4 (2), 109-17
PubMed 22928066
Superficial-spreading and nodular melanomas in Norway: a comparison by body site distribution and latitude gradients
Melanoma Res, 22 (6), 460-5
PubMed 23010822
Dynamics of signaling, cytoskeleton and cell cycle regulation proteins in glioblastoma cells after sub-lethal photodynamic treatment: antibody microarray study
Biochim Biophys Acta, 1820 (7), 795-803
PubMed 22484521
Publications 2011
Photodynamic therapy of cancer: an update
CA Cancer J Clin, 61 (4), 250-81
PubMed 21617154
Vitamin D levels in Norway may be inadequate to reduce risk of breast cancer
Int J Cancer, 128 (9), 2249-50
PubMed 20626044
Solar radiation and human health
Rep. Prog. Phys., 74 (6), 066701
Malignant melanomas on head/neck and foot: differences in time and latitudinal trends in Norway
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 26 (7), 821-7
PubMed 21707773
[UV-A radiation and melanomas]
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 131 (4), 333; author reply 333-4
PubMed 21339772
Comparison of the time and latitude trends of melanoma incidence in anorectal region and perianal skin with those of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Norway
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 25 (12), 1444-9
PubMed 21995584
Bioimpedance for pain monitoring during cutaneous photodynamic therapy: Preliminary study
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 8 (4), 307-13
PubMed 22122917
Vitamin D, sun, sunbeds and health
Public Health Nutr, 15 (4), 711-5
PubMed 22017922
UVA, UVB and incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Norway and Sweden
Photochem Photobiol Sci, 11 (1), 191-8
PubMed 21986949
Immediate pigment darkening: its evolutionary roles may include protection against folate photosensitization
PubMed 22159146
Fluorescence photobleaching of ALA and ALA-heptyl ester induced protoporphyrin IX during photodynamic therapy of normal hairless mouse skin: a comparison of two light sources and different illumination schemes
J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol, 30 (3), 235-40
PubMed 22126616
Publications 2010
Latitude gradient for melanoma incidence by anatomic site and gender in Norway 1966-2007
J Photochem Photobiol B, 101 (2), 174-8
PubMed 20430639
Influence of narrowband UVB phototherapy on vitamin D and folate status
Exp Dermatol, 19 (8), e67-72
PubMed 19849714
Cytotoxicity and Phototoxicity of Red Fluorescent Nontargeted Quantum Dots
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., 16 (4), 997-1003
Review Article: Health benefit of increased serum 25(OH)D levels from oral intake and ultraviolet-B irradiance in the Nordic countries
Scand J Public Health, 39 (1), 70-8
PubMed 20817654
Similarities in solar ultraviolet irradiance and other environmental factors may explain much of the family link between uveal melanoma and other cancers
Fam Cancer, 9 (4), 659-60; discussion 661-2
PubMed 20711817
Reduction of cutaneous photosensitivity by application of ointment containing ferrous or cobaltous ions concomitant with the use of topical protoporphyrin IX precursors
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 7 (3), 152-7
PubMed 20728838
Reflectance spectroscopy and fluorescein angiography applied to assess photodynamic response in healthy mouse skin treated with topical hexylaminolevulinate
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 7 (4), 239-45
PubMed 21112546
Application of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its derivatives for photodynamic therapy in vitro and in vivo
Methods Mol Biol, 635, 97-106
PubMed 20552342
The seasonality of pandemic and non-pandemic influenzas: the roles of solar radiation and vitamin D
Int J Infect Dis, 14 (12), e1099-105
PubMed 21036090
Pilot study of folate status in healthy volunteers and in patients with psoriasis before and after UV exposure
J Photochem Photobiol B, 101 (2), 111-6
PubMed 20207157
Metabolic-targeted therapy with dichloroacetate (DCA): a novel treatment strategy to improve the outcome of photodynamic therapy
Photochem Photobiol Sci, 10 (1), 25-8
PubMed 20978658
Microneedle pre-treatment of human skin improves 5-aminolevulininc acid (ALA)- and 5-aminolevulinic acid methyl ester (MAL)-induced PpIX production for topical photodynamic therapy without increase in pain or erythema
Pharm Res, 27 (10), 2213-20
PubMed 20676735
Time trends and latitude dependence of uveal and cutaneous malignant melanoma induced by solar radiation
Dermatoendocrinol, 2 (1), 3-8
PubMed 21547141
Solar radiation and human health
J Photochem Photobiol B, 101 (2), 109-10
PubMed 20833325
Seasonal variations of cancer incidence and prognosis
Dermatoendocrinol, 2 (2), 55-7
PubMed 21547098
Where the sun does not shine: is sunshine protective against melanoma of the vulva?
J Photochem Photobiol B, 101 (2), 179-83
PubMed 20359907
Novel patch-based systems for the localised delivery of ALA-esters
J Photochem Photobiol B, 101 (1), 59-69
PubMed 20634088
Influence of penetration enhancers on topical delivery of 5-aminolevulinic acid from bioadhesive patches
J Pharm Pharmacol, 62 (6), 685-95
PubMed 20636855
Hexyl aminolaevulinate is a more effective topical photosensitiser precursor than methyl aminolaevulinate and 5-aminolaevulinic acids when applied in equimolar doses
J Pharm Sci, 99 (8), 3486-98
PubMed 20222026
Publications 2009
Sun and sun beds: inducers of vitamin D and skin cancer
Anticancer Res, 29 (9), 3495-500
PubMed 19667143
Calcitriol treatment improves methyl aminolaevulinate-based photodynamic therapy in human squamous cell carcinoma A431 cells
Br J Dermatol, 161 (2), 413-8
PubMed 19438460
Influence of formulation factors on PpIX production and photodynamic action of novel ALA-loaded microparticles
Biopharm Drug Dispos, 30 (2), 55-70
PubMed 19226650
Chlorin e6-based photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy and photodiagnosis
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 6 (2), 94-6
PubMed 19683209
Clearance of protoporphyrin IX induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid from WiDr human colon carcinoma cells
[Sun, vitamin D and health]
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 129 (19), 2019
PubMed 19823211
Development of different human skin colors: a review highlighting photobiological and photobiophysical aspects
J Photochem Photobiol B, 96 (2), 93-100
PubMed 19481954
5-Methyltetrahydrofolate can be photodegraded by endogenous photosensitizers
Free Radic Biol Med, 47 (8), 1199-204
PubMed 19647791
Photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid and diamino acid derivatives of protoporphyrin IX reduces papillomas in mice without eliminating transformation into squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
Int J Cancer, 125 (7), 1721-7
PubMed 19521986
Topical aminolaevulinic acid- and aminolaevulinic acid methyl ester-based photodynamic therapy with red and violet light: influence of wavelength on pain and erythema
Br J Dermatol, 161 (5), 1173-9
PubMed 19785604
A pilot study comparing the pain sensations during PpIX build-up and clearance phases
Influenza, solar radiation and vitamin D
Dermatoendocrinol, 1 (6), 307-9
PubMed 21572876
A comparison of 5-aminolaevulinic acid- and its heptyl ester: dark cytotoxicity and protoporphyrin IX synthesis in human adenocarcinoma WiDr cells and in athymic nude mice healthy skin
Exp Dermatol, 18 (11), 985-7
PubMed 19469901
Publications 2008
Microneedle arrays permit enhanced intradermal delivery of a preformed photosensitizer
Photochem Photobiol, 85 (1), 195-204
PubMed 18764907
Microneedle-mediated intradermal delivery of 5-aminolevulinic acid: potential for enhanced topical photodynamic therapy
J Control Release, 129 (3), 154-62
PubMed 18556084
Generation of Nitrogen Oxide and Oxygen Radicals by Quantum Dots
J. Biomed. Nanotechnol., 4 (4), 450-456
Depth profile of protoporphyrin IX fluorescence in an amelanotic mouse melanoma model
Photochem Photobiol, 85 (3), 760-4
PubMed 19140894
Changes in human skin after topical PDT with hexyl aminolevulinate
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 5 (3), 176-81
PubMed 19356652
Immunotherapy: a way to improve the therapeutic outcome of photodynamic therapy?
Photochem Photobiol Sci, 7 (9), 1011-7
PubMed 18754046
Diamino acid derivatives of PpIX as potential photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of squamous cell carcinoma and prostate cancer: in vitro studies
J Photochem Photobiol B, 94 (3), 214-22
PubMed 19136276
Effect of (R)L-sulforaphane on 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy
Transl Res, 152 (3), 128-33
PubMed 18774542
Lasers in medicine
Rep. Prog. Phys., 71 (5), 056701
5-Methyltetrahydrofolate is photosensitive in the presence of riboflavin
Photochem Photobiol Sci, 7 (7), 814-8
PubMed 18597029
Photodegradation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in the presence of Uroporphyrin
J Photochem Photobiol B, 94 (3), 201-4
PubMed 19138530
Effect of oxygen concentration on photo-oxidation and photosensitizer bleaching in butter
Photochem Photobiol, 85 (3), 669-76
PubMed 19140897
Publications 2007
Photodynamic therapy with di-l-arginine protoporphyrinate on WiDr human colon adenocarcinoma xenografts in athymic nude mice
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 4 (4), 237-41
PubMed 25047558
Photostability of commercial sunscreens upon sun exposure and irradiation by ultraviolet lamps
BMC Dermatol, 7, 1
PubMed 17324264
Topical applications of iron chelators in photosensitization
Photochem Photobiol Sci, 6 (12), 1268-74
PubMed 18046481
Milestones in the development of photodynamic therapy and fluorescence diagnosis
Photochem Photobiol Sci, 6 (12), 1234-45
PubMed 18046478
Biological activity of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its methyl ester after storage under different conditions
J Photochem Photobiol B, 87 (2), 67-72
PubMed 17350278
The effect of lidocaine on PpIX photobleaching and outcome of ALA-PDT in vitro
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 4 (4), 249-53
PubMed 25047561
Publications 2006
In vitro and in vivo photosensitization by protoporphyrins possessing different lipophilicities and vertical localization in the membrane
Photochem Photobiol, 82 (5), 1319-25
PubMed 16740058
The effect of dimethylsulfoxide, 1-[2-(decylthio)ethyl]azacyclopentan-2-one and Labrafac(®)CC on porphyrin formation in normal mouse skin during topical application of methyl 5-aminolevulinate: A fluorescence and extraction study
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 3 (1), 27-33
PubMed 25049025
The effect of skin permeation enhancers on the formation of porphyrins in mouse skin during topical application of the methyl ester of 5-aminolevulinic acid
J Photochem Photobiol B, 83 (2), 94-7
PubMed 16442808
The influence of light and darkness on cutaneous fluorescence in mice
Luminescence, 21 (3), 159-63
PubMed 16502394
The influence of temperature on photodynamic cell killing in vitro with 5-aminolevulinic acid
J Photochem Photobiol B, 84 (2), 161-6
PubMed 16624569
Topical application of 5-aminolaevulinic acid, methyl 5-aminolaevulinate and hexyl 5-aminolaevulinate on normal human skin
Br J Dermatol, 155 (4), 791-9
PubMed 16965430
The history of PDT in Norway Part II. Recent advances in general PDT and ALA-PDT
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 4 (2), 80-7
PubMed 25047338
The history of PDT in Norway Part one: Identification of basic mechanisms of general PDT
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 4 (1), 3-11
PubMed 25047184
Biophysical aspects of photodynamic therapy
J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol, 25 (1-2), 7-28
PubMed 16566708
The effect of folic acid on porphyrin synthesis in tumors and normal skin of mice treated with 5-aminolevulinic acid or methyl 5-aminolevulinate
Photochem Photobiol Sci, 5 (8), 755-9
PubMed 16886091
Photodegradation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate: biophysical aspects
Photochem Photobiol, 82 (6), 1651-5
PubMed 16879038
Spectroscopic measurements of photoinduced processes in human skin after topical application of the hexyl ester of 5-aminolevulinic acid
J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol, 25 (1-2), 307-20
PubMed 16566726
Publications 2005
Deferoxamine photosensitizes cancer cells in vitro
Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 332 (2), 388-91
PubMed 15910749
Formation of protoporphyrin IX from carboxylic- and amino-derivatives of 5-aminolevulinic acid
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2 (2), 129-34
PubMed 25048672
Kinetics of protoporphyrin IX formation in rat oral mucosa and skin after application of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its methylester
Photochem Photobiol, 81 (2), 394-7
PubMed 15535733
Influence of light exposure on the kinetics of protoporphyrin IX formation in normal skin of hairless mice after application of 5-aminolevulinic acid methyl ester
J Invest Dermatol, 125 (5), 1039-44
PubMed 16297207
Solar radiation, vitamin D and survival rate of colon cancer in Norway
J Photochem Photobiol B, 78 (3), 189-93
PubMed 15708515
Choice of optimal wavelength for PDT: the significance of oxygen depletion
Photochem Photobiol, 81 (5), 1190-4
PubMed 15934793
Ultraviolet photodegradation of folic acid
J Photochem Photobiol B, 80 (1), 47-55
PubMed 15963436
Publications 2004
On the selectivity of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX formation
Curr Med Chem Anticancer Agents, 4 (3), 301-16
PubMed 15134506
Spectroscopic evidence of monomeric aluminium phthalocyanine tetrasulphonate in aqueous solutions
J Photochem Photobiol B, 75 (1-2), 107-10
PubMed 15246357
Effectiveness of different light sources for 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy
Lasers Med Sci, 19 (3), 139-49
PubMed 15503248
Erythrocytes-the 'house elves' of photodynamic therapy
Photochem Photobiol Sci, 3 (11-12), 981-9
PubMed 15570383
Photodegradation and phototransformation of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(m-hydroxyphenyl)bacteriochlorin (m-THPBC) in solution
Photochem Photobiol Sci, 3 (11-12), 999-1005
PubMed 15570386
Photodynamic inhibition of enzymatic detachment of human cancer cells from a substratum
Biochim Biophys Acta, 1670 (1), 1-11
PubMed 14729136
The effect of sub-lethal ALA-PDT on the cytoskeleton and adhesion of cultured human cancer cells
Biochim Biophys Acta, 1722 (1), 43-50
PubMed 15716135
Photosensitization with protoporphyrin IX inhibits attachment of cancer cells to a substratum
Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 322 (2), 452-7
PubMed 15325251
Publications 2003
Pharmacology of protoporphyrin IX in nude mice after application of ALA and ALA esters
Int J Cancer, 103 (1), 132-5
PubMed 12455066
Publications 2002
Noninvasive fluorescence excitation spectroscopy during application of 5-aminolevulinic acid in vivo
Photochem Photobiol Sci, 1 (10), 745-8
PubMed 12656473
Photosensitizing effect of protoporphyrin IX in pigmented melanoma of mice
Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 297 (3), 468-72
PubMed 12270116
Photosensitizing effect of protoporphyrin IX in pigmented melanoma of mice
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 297 (3), PII S0006-291X(02)02238-6-472
Topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its methylester, hexylester and octylester derivatives: considerations for dosimetry in mouse skin model
Photochem Photobiol, 76 (3), 329-34
PubMed 12403455
Temperature effect on accumulation of protoporphyrin IX after topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its methylester and hexylester derivatives in normal mouse skin
Photochem Photobiol, 76 (4), 452-6
PubMed 12405155
Production of protoporphyrin IX from 5-aminolevulinic acid and two of its esters in cells in vitro and tissues in vivo
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand), 48 (8), 911-6
PubMed 12699250


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The government is using deception to convince us to back the latest bombing campaign in Iraq, writes IAN SINCLAIR
TO gain public support for bombing Iraq the government has deployed a range of persuasive strategies, stretching from the extremely crude to the dangerously subtle. First the obvious ones.
On Thursday September 25, the day before the parliamentary vote to authorise the bombing campaign, police carried out a number of so-called anti-terrorist raids arresting nine people, including the well-known preacher Anjem Choudary.
On the same day news broke that the Iraqi government had "credible" intelligence that Isis militants planned to launch attacks on the Paris Metro and New York City subway system.
Both scares, of course, have now been forgotten, though one can't help think they served their purpose.
Like the "Heathrow terrorist plot" in the run-up to the 2003 Iraq war, the recent headline-grabbing announcements elicited deep scepticism in many people.
However the government is also employing far more insidious and successful propaganda, much of which has seeped into and framed the media-driven narrative of the war.
One such propaganda meme is the argument that we are acting at the request of a "sovereign state" (David Cameron) and/or "democratic state" (Ed Miliband).
This has been repeated ad nauseam by those backing the bombing with very little opposition.
While this sound-bite-sized justification may technically be true and therefore provides cover under international law, it's worth considering what it misses out.
First, it conceals the deeply authoritarian and undemocratic nature of the present Iraqi government and the West's role in helping to create it.
Writing in the Guardian in June, Professor Toby Dodge, an Iraq specialist at the London School of Economics, noted Iraq's former prime minister Nouri al-Maliki "first came to power in April 2006 in a deal brokered by the then British foreign secretary Jack Straw and the US secretary of state Condoleezza Rice."
This, according to Dodge, "was an Anglo-American attempt to create a facade of democracy in the midst of a vicious post-invasion civil war."
Dodge went onto explain that though Maliki lost the 2010 election, the US backed the continuation of Maliki's rule "in the name of predictability and order."
Echoing the subtitle of Dodge's 2013 book on Iraq — From War to a New Authoritarianism — David Wearing, a researcher on the Middle East at Soas, notes: "Maliki set about concentrating power — particularly power over armed forces, internal security forces and Shia militias — in his hands, and governing on a narrow sectarian basis, eliciting some frustration from Washington but still, ultimately, enjoying its support."
In 2013 Transparency International's corruption perceptions index ranked Iraq 171st out of 177 countries.
The whole Iraqi system, argues award-winning Iraqi journalist Ghaith Abdul-Ahad, is "rotten to the core. Every single soldier is appointed after paying a bribe. Every military officer is appointed after paying a bribe."
And before we go further, let's not forget the double standards of the British government.
"It is hypocritical for Mr Cameron to pretend that US and UK intervention are in support of democratic, accountable and inclusive governments when he is in a coalition with the last theocratic absolute monarchies on Earth," argues the veteran Middle East correspondent Patrick Cockburn about Britain allying itself with the Gulf states.
Cameron and Miliband's justification also ignores the recent aggressive and criminal military actions of the Iraqi government — armed throughout by the US.
In May, Human Rights Watch reported that the Iraqi government was dropping "barrel bombs on residential neighbourhoods of Fallujah and surrounding areas" and had "repeatedly struck Fallujah General Hospital with mortar shells and other munitions."
According to the report: "The recurring strikes on the main hospital, including with direct fire weapons, strongly suggest that Iraqi forces have targeted it, which would constitute a serious violation of the laws of war."
In June HRW noted that the Iraqi government had carried out indiscriminate air strikes in other cities too — Beiji, Mosul, Tikrit and al-Sherqat — killing at least 75 civilians.
Speaking about the Iraqi government in 2013, Dodge noted "torture is endemic."
Of course, Maliki was forced out of office last month and replaced by Haider al-Abadi, but many Iraq observers hold little hope in his successor. The new government is still dominated by Shia religious parties.
Cockburn says Cameron's "stated belief that he is supporting the creation of a government that is inclusive of Sunni, Shia, Kurds and Christians" is "a pipe dream."
For example, though Abadi publicly called a halt to the bombing of civilian areas, HRW's Iraq researcher Erin Evers told me the bombing has continued.
More broadly, the Financial Times recently explained that Shia militias have grown "stronger, bolder and more politically influential" since Abadi became prime minister. Maliki himself is now Iraq's vice-president.
Evers recently reported that Shia militias under the control of the former Iraqi prime minister are laying siege to Latifiyya, a town just south of Baghdad.
The militias have carried out summary executions and bulldozed Sunni areas causing "a broader humanitarian crisis" with many women and children unable to access food or desalinated water.
Wearing is one of the few British analysts to take seriously the threat from the Shia militias.
"If Shia troops wade into Sunni towns and cities with the USAF and the RAF effectively providing cover, or at least having softened up their targets beforehand, the West won't be preventing another Rwanda, it will be enabling one."
Unsurprisingly then, though Sunnis living in Mosul and Raqqa do not like Isis, Cockburn explains: "They are even more frightened of resurgent Iraqi or Syrian armies accompanied by murderous pro-government militias subduing their areas with the assistance of allied air strikes."
All this leads to another criticism of the simplistic "we are acting to support a democratic government" propaganda meme — that by refusing to engage with the reality of the present Iraqi state, it ignores a key reason for the rise of Isis and the responsibility of the West.
Writing in the latest edition of Survival, the journal of the International Institute for Strategic Studies, Dodge argues that Isis's advance across northern Iraq "was the direct result of the contemporary flaws with the political system set up after the regime change of 2003."
Or as Lakhdar Brahimi, the former UN special envoy to Syria, recently noted, Isis was "originally and still is mainly an Iraqi phenomenon. And that is a direct result of the invasion of Iraq in 2003."
Ian Sinclair is the author of The March That Shook Blair published by Peace News Press. He Tweets @IanJSinclair.


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Texas educator to lead Cobb County schools
MARIETTA, Ga. --- The head of the Dallas, Texas, school system was named superintendent of Georgia's second largest school district Sunday.
The Cobb County school board approved a contract for Michael Hinojosa, who will start July 1 at the 100,000-student district. Hinojosa, announced as the lone finalist in May, replaces Fred Sanderson, who is retiring.
"I am truly honored that the school board has selected me to lead this outstanding school district," Hinojosa said in a news release. "Cobb schools have an exceptional reputation, and I am thrilled to now be a part of that success."
District officials say Hinojosa will earn $237,000, in addition to pension benefits worth more than $200,000 annually.
Hinojosa was head of the 150,000-student Dallas school district for six years, running a $1.2 billion budget and overseeing 250 schools. He was named the 2002 Superintendent of the Year by the Texas Association of School Boards and 2005 Superintendent of the Year by the University of Texas at Austin.
He earned nearly $330,000 a year in Dallas.
Passwords taken from Atlanta FBI affiliate
LONDON --- Nearly 180 passwords belonging to members of an Atlanta-based FBI affiliate have been stolen and leaked to the Internet, the group confirmed Sunday.
Hacking group Lulz Security said the passwords belonged to members of a local chapter of Infragard, a public-private partnership devoted to sharing information about threats to U.S. physical and Internet infrastructure. Copies of the passwords -- which appear to belong users from the U.S. Army, cybersecurity organizations and communications companies -- were swiftly posted online.
Lulz Security, which has claimed credit for a string of attacks in the past week, claimed it was acting in response to a recent report that the Pentagon was considering whether to classify some cyberattacks as acts of war.
"Someone did compromise the Web site," InfraGard Atlanta Members Alliance President Paul Farley said in a brief e-mail exchange. "We do not at this time know how the attack occurred or the method used to reveal the passwords."
Georgia Tech holding symposium on shuttle
ATLANTA --- Georgia Tech is holding a symposium this week to explore the U.S. space shuttle program, which ends soon.
The event will be held today through Wednesday at the university's Global Learning Center. It will bring together international scientists, engineers, mission designers, policymakers and others to talk about shuttle missions and the future of space exploration.
NASA Administrator Charles Bolden will open the symposium Tuesday. Other speakers include astronauts Steve Hawley and Shannon Lucid and NASA deputy chief technologist Michael Gazarik.
Just one flight remains in the shuttle program, with a targeted launch of July 8.
The five shuttles -- Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis and Endeavour -- have flown more than 130 times and carried more than 360 people into space.
All of South Carolina now hit by drought
COLUMBIA --- The committee that monitors drought conditions in South Carolina warns that drier than normal conditions have spread across the entire state.
The Drought Response Committee declared nine mostly coastal counties in an incipient drought last week, meaning the entire state is now in the first stage of the state's four stages of drought conditions.
State Climatologist Hope Mizzell said a hotter and drier than normal May is extending the drought. Charleston had its second driest May ever, with just 0.41 inches of rain.
The U.S. Drought Monitor shows more extreme levels of drought spreading toward South Carolina from south Georgia. Seven-day forecasts across the state call for only a slight chance of afternoon thunderstorms.


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I've been a bit quiet lately - been keeping up, but had trouble with my hands, still not a definite diagnosis so typing/sewing painful, but alot easier now.
This are the two blocks which will make my new quilt (queen). Blocks are ten & a half ins. square. I am rotary cutting it, and think you can see having trouble with the centre perimeter section on the union block. The lilac points are half of 2 & five-eighths sq. The cream triangle is quarter of 4 & three-quarter sq. & no matter how I try they dont line up with the rest of it all. Thought about cutting the cream same as the lilac points but think the centre seam would spoil the effect.
Anyway I think it will go together okay, dont you?


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Need Credit Card Debts Solvedanyone Help
Q: Due to several reasons I have run up some large credit card debts. I am not in default though- yet. The only equity I have is in the house (joint names) which is about ??75K plus my pension funds (though one of those is with equitable!), and some endowments which dont mature for at least 7 years for the earliest. I have tried to work my way out of it but the debt has run up faster than I can manage. I now have become somewhat frozen and afraid to do anything and things are getting worse each day. I am unemployed. If I approach the credit card companies will they force me to sell the house? This is my main worry. If I manage to get another job tomorrow it will take me about 3 years to pay it off and have a miserable life too doing it. I do not want to have to sell the house or remortgage (we have a large redemption penalty) as the Mrs will kill me. Her salary (??40k) might just cover the mortgage (??100k). I was thinking of taking my name off the deeds and assigning it to her. I could then move out, say to a rented flat and if I have to declare bankruptcy in say 3-6 months she and the house will be okay. My debts will be assigned to my new address?? (I might move more than once). Is this legal as I'm not bankrupt now? What are my chances? It seems that people do this every other day, or something similar. Does anyone know a good solicitor/accountant?? I live nr Birmingham. Has anyone any advice legal/illegal/moral or otherwise. I fully realise the errors of my ways and I do not need a ticking off from moralists - well maybe I do...but what I need more than anything is frank advice.
A: All I can possibly suggest is that you do contact all creditors before things go into default. This will help enormously with your relationship with your creditors. Contact a body like the CCCS (Consumer Credit Counselling Bureau). They are extremely suitable for debt management of this nature and will help you to keep your family home whilst keeping an affordable regular payment that does not cripple you. Talk to your creditors to get interest frozen |(this is not always going to be offered but asking can not do any harm), even a reduced interest level can make significant differences. If the debts are unsecured then the only way that you might risk the loss of your home might be if your were made bankrupt and had to sell to release money to pay off the debt. If you default and the creditor(s) take you to court they may be awarded less that you might offer to pay now based on a means test. Taking a debtor to court is also expensive and time consuming. They will prefer not to do this. If you contact CCCS (who are a free service), they will negotiate for you and they are also supported by many financial businesses who work in partnership giving donations to the CCCS. .


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OverviewIn summer the Jochberg is an easy hiking summit, but in winter the north face offers different mixed routes from winter ice 3 / mixed 4 up to winter ice 4 / mixed 5
Its on half the way between Munich and Garmisch.
The Jochberg North Face reminds the Scottish ice and mixed walls in winter, not really high but it makes a lot of fun.
The area round of the Jochberg offers a lot of ice and mixed routes.
A lot of them are easy to find and you see them from the road and the parking ranges when you look around.
Getting ThereFrom Munich the A 95 Munich - Garmisch and leave at exit 10 direction Kochel / Walchensee.
Last parking range on the right side, under the saddle behind a straight right turn.
Cross the street and go left or right, left for the middle couloir.
For descending follow the way through the wood, easy to find because during the winter time a lot of people walk with snowshoes the normal route up to the Jochberg. You only have to follow this track and the way ends at the road.
Turn right and follow the street down to the park range.
About the routesYou can find different routes up to the summit, the right ones are more easier than the routes in the middle and the left one.
The conditions and the ice quality is changing very fast, depending on the temperatures, and theres the danger of avalanches.
It might be possible to climb one day and the next its nearly impossible.
Normally, there are good possibilities for secure points, positioning ice screws and slings. Sometimes you can use pine tree branches for your positioning and to belay.
Ratings of the Routes:
WI 3: Sustained 70º-80º ice, usually thick and solid. May contain short, steep sections, but will have good resting places and offer good protection and belays. Two tools necessary.
WI 4: Sustained 75º-85º ice, separated by good belays, or a less steep pitch with significant vertical sections. Generally good quality ice, offering satisfactory protection.
Mixed Ratings:
M 3: Easy. Low angle; usually no tools.
M 4: Slabby to vertical with some technical dry tooling.
M 5: Some sustained vertical dry tooling.
When to climbDepends on the ice quality, the best time is December till March
You have to take care of avalanches and snow slabs, it might be very dangerous at this North Face
It take between 6 and 8 hours, ascent and descent back to the car.
CampingTheres a camping ground near the Walchensee in Kochel but at this time you have no problems getting a hotel room or a cheaper guesthouse.
External Links
A german ice climbing guide published by panico with the Jochberg routes and descriptions:
For actual route conditions hav a look at this swiss page:


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Northland musher prepares for Iditarod
Just a month after running the John Beargrease Sled Dog Marathon, Northland musher Blake Freking is in Alaska, preparing for Saturday's start of the Iditarod Great Sled Race.
"The team looks great," Freking said recently from his home in Finland. "We changed our training quite a bit this year. We've been training a lot slower. Much more like an Iditarod-type pace. We've got a lot of miles on this year. These guys are in great shape."
This will be Freking's third time racing in the Iditarod, a race that traverses more than
1,000 miles of Alaska's frontier from Anchorage to Nome. It takes anywhere from nine to 17 days to complete the journey.
"It's totally different from anything else. So much varied terrain," Freking said. "We spend a lot of time on the Yukon River. We spend a lot of time on the Alaska Range, and we spend a lot of time on the Bering Sea coast. On the Bering Sea, we get huge winds and cold temps. On the Yukon River, we'll get some really cold temps and winds as well."
Seventy-one teams will compete in this year's Iditarod. Freking is the only musher from Minnesota and one of only 13 teams that participate from the lower 48.
Traveling the 3,500 miles to Alaska with 20 sled dogs is a marathon in itself.
"We always say we've run several Iditarods before we get to the Iditarod starting line. We've got a truck and trailer and everybody has their own box and they have their own bunk that they stay in throughout the trip, and it's quite comfortable for them," he said. "During the trip, we stop every four hours and let the dogs out to exercise, loosen up, get a little snack."
The logistics involved in preparing for the Iditarod are extensive.
"It's a big commitment," he said. "I had to take six weeks off work to go up there and run it all, between travel and the logistics. We have drop bags that we put together prior to the race and that's a huge logistical step, getting all our gear supplied and bagged, and from there it goes out to the checkpoints on the race. That has to take place down here and then it goes by truck up to Tacoma, Washington, and it goes by barge up to Anchorage, and then it goes by bush plane from Anchorage to the individual checkpoints."
Freking relies on a team of people year-round to help him and the dogs get ready for the challenging race. And the journey is as important as the competition.
"The biggest thing for me is just getting out on the trail with 16 of my buddies and just spending some great time, traveling through some fascinating country. Alaska really is the last frontier, as far as America is concerned," he said. "It's hard to imagine going over 1,000 miles and never crossing a road. It's just fascinating country to travel to and see, and what better way to do it than with a dog team?"
Tags: news, pets, animals, sports


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Dutch HACCP to become national scheme as global focus shifts to FSSC 22000
The SCV, which is the legal owner of Dutch HACCP, said it would instead focus on promoting its FSSC 22000 scheme as a global food safety certification system.
Since gaining GFSI recognition 18 months ago, FSSC 22000 has experienced robust industry take up.
The organisation's board had decided against resubmitting Dutch HACCP to the GFSI because of the "new far reaching requirements" set out in body Guidance Document Sixth Edition.
"It was felt that it would be a duplication of time, money and effort to manage both schemes as global standards," Hugo de Sitter, president of the board of experts Dutch HACCP told FoodProductionDaily.com. "It doesn't make sense that the two systems owned by the same body should be in competition with each other."
Back to basics
Dutch HACCP will continue to focus on small and medium sized firms, not the suppliers of retail organisations, added de Sitter.
This means the scheme will remain focused on food production only – and retains its status as a pure HACCP certification scheme based on the Codex Alimentarius principles, said the SCV. Certified production firms will comply with article 5 of EU Regulation 852/2004
It will therefore not include guidelines relating to the manufacture of packaging materials.
The HACCP scheme can serve as a starting point for organisation to become later certified against a GFSI recognised scheme, said the body.
"We wanted to keep the two systems separate", said de Sitter. "However, looking at the demands of Dutch HACCP, we still believe it to be the strongest scheme, with inspections done every six months."
The fifth version of the Dutch HACCP scheme - Requirements for a HACCP based Food Safety System - is currently under development and due to be released on 1 January 2012.
Dutch HACCP Option B certificates that are still in circulation in 2012 will be accepted as valid against the GFSI Guidance Document Fifth Edition during that year, said the GFSI
However any certificates issued after 1 January 2012 will not be considered to have been issued against a GFSI-recognised scheme.
"This will have a positive effect on the further harmonisation of food safety schemes, as the companies in the marketplace ultimately determine which schemes are most relevant to their businesses," said FSSC board chairman, Jürgen Matern.


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What is the best house air ventilator
If you have a well sealed house like the Brooklyn Green Show House you need to add an air ventilator.
The best kind is one that recoups the heat and cold that leaves the house. That would be called a Heat Recovery Ventilator (HRV).
But another thing is humidity. You want it to stay within healthy levels in the house. An energy recovery ventilator (ERV) can monitor the humidity levels as well as recover heat and cold.
Even though technically ERV's have been around for about 30 years, they are not common for small residential use and it is still hard to get good information on which one to buy.
I have looked around and found a handful. I share my research here:
Paul is a leading ERV from Germany. They have a heat recovery technique where air flows over 4 surfaces instead of two, thus making it much more effective.
American Aldes has a "vent zone" system where you can control different zones of the house, thus reducing the need for a large fan and thus saving energy.
Conservation Technology uses an exhaust only system and they claim this is more energy efficient. They combine it with occupant sensing technology so that the fan can regulate its speed based on the need.
Renew Air claims to have the most energy efficient fans in the US. They also boast quiet fans. It seems to be mostly an ERV that you hook up to an existing air circulation system that would handle heating and cooling but you can probably use it separately too.
AirScape is more of a cooling system to replace AC. It is good for running at night to cool down the house. Not really a system to help keep the heat in during the winter so it's not actually an ERV. But it is a very effective alternative to AC cooling in the summer.
Ultimate Air claims to have one of the highest efficiency in the industry.
Lifebreath offers a good ERV.
Aprilaire only recovers 77% of the energy. Not great.
My favorites are Renew Air and Ultimate Air. I lean towards Ultimate Air because they are really into the Passive House technique of building. We are increasingly building along Passive House standards in our green contractor work on Brooklyn brownstones. It covers a lot of the energy considerations in a green renovation.


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Cabbie opts for wallet, credit card instead of fare
Thomas McDonnell says the cab driver who took him home Sunday morning left him without his wallet and credit card.
McDonnell told Buffalo police that he left the cab waiting while he went inside his Custer Street home for money and, when he came back out, the cab was gone.
And so were the wallet and credit card he left as collateral, he said.
Police said the cab driver may have used the credit card to buy $55 worth of gas.


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Creeping through the woods one day Miss Brittany thought she heard tinkling little giggles.
In honor of Miss V's party I am offering free shipping on all the little girls in the Shop so you can have a party of your own!
What a colorful and sweet party...thank you so much for letting me share it with you!!
Very sweet!!!!!
I hope you'll visit my Tea Party and see what I'm decking out the party-goers in!
Your party (and dolls) are too cute and sweet! Thank you for hosting a wonderful party!
You're madly invited to my tea party, I do hope you'll stop by (if you haven't already of course)! :)
Dropped by your party and the dolls were still have a great time under the tree, so I had some tea with them before I rushed off! As I was late, and following a white rabbit.
i'm here at last..i had so much fun...i am having my tea by the sea...with flowers in my hair...come join me...hugs, rebecca/cre8tiva
I loved partying with the Little Misses today! Thanks for a lovely time! Twyla
The girls are just darling. All four of them!! :)
Hope you're having a magical day!!
xo Debbie
Very cute! Such lovely dolly guests! Alice looks like she had a fun time.
Lovely little party precious little girls...please come have tea with me!
Your dolls are amazing, especially the life-size one! Aren't daughter just the best!!!! Do stop by for tea with me and Alice...but watch out-she's in a MOOD. **blows kisses** Deborah
Great party! cute dolls!
adorable dolls! everyone seems to be having the best of tea party times.
Miss Brittany and her the little Misses are adorable. I enjoyed the party.
Oooh all your girls are gorgeous! Thank you so much for having me at your whimsical place. Come on over to my party - if you haven't quietly crept in already....
Your little girls are beautiful, but especially Ms. Brittany.
Renee xoxo
what a pretty and charming tea....
please be sure to stop by my party for a secret give away to be found by
the golden key, just highlight between the stars…
lovely tea party, thanks for having me.
You're invited to please visit stop by and visit my party where we're having a tea of a time!!
Oh you darlings!!! Thank you so much Miss Michelle, for being a part of my Tea party!! I can not believe how grown up your little girl is getting!!! OH ME oh my!!! Miss B!!
What sweeties your dolls are tooo!! xoxo
(I would have been here sooner but I have been so sick all day - sparkles, V)
Those dolls are really sweet!
I am having a giveaway on my blog http://treasures-found.blogspot.com and I do hope you will come by and say hi!
Enjoy the day!
Miss Brittany is very pretty, she looks like she had fun at the tea party! The dolls are charming!
Your dolls are too sweet, happy tea party day!
Such pretty girls and what a lovely tea. Thank you so much for sharing with me!
Love LaLa
*:*:*:Make and make-believe! Tea parties are even better the second day!*:* *:*Your ladies at tea are divine!!*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*: *:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Beautiful dolls and sweet, sweet Alice!
A very Merry Unbirthday!
Erin :)
What fun tea party made all the more sweet with your daughter (what are you feeding her~she's soo tall!)Hope all is going great!Off to mingle with the other guests:)
Tea under the tree
I agree I agree!
And girls wearing sweet little dresses
to tea parties where we dont worry about messes
♥ cute-a-licious!
just beautiful dolls!fun party!
you´re invited to my party, too!
I hope you!!
What a sweet photo and cute dolls..all of them! I am off to see your shop! Visit me!
Your dolls are so sweet! as is the little miss!
Thank you for such a lovely tea party!
Those little girls were certainly well behaved sitting in that tree. What a fun party. Hugs, Diana @IdaClare
What a sweet little tea party. Your dolls are beautiful :)
Sorry I'm late. I've just escaped from my own mad party.
I agree there's nothing more magical and enchanting than a sweet tea party upon a pretty blanket under a giving tree. Thanks for letting me visit with you and your darling characters.
thank you for your hospitality. wishing you wonderFULL wanderings!
My daughter's lucky# is 33! Won't YOU come by to enter my give-away too? Cute GAL!
What a cute and sweet tea party. I love the afghan.You can still come round to my party. 8-)
Very colorful and adorable Mad Tea Party. I just couldn't get to everyone on the scheduled date. Hope you drop by some day and have tea with me.... ~Nan Have a magical weekend!


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DENVER -- The Denver Broncos' desire to get a superstar cornerback could cost them their best player and a lot of money.
The Broncos and Washington Redskins are talking about a trade that would send Pro Bowl running back Clinton Portis to Washington for cornerback Champ Bailey and a second-round pick, the Denver Post first reported. Broncos general manager Ted Sundquist declined comment Monday.
Portis rushed for 3,099 yards in his first two NFL seasons, but concerns about a possible holdout this year due to Portis' displeasure with his contract was likely a factor in him becoming expendable.
In return, the Broncos would be getting Bailey, considered one of the best cornerbacks in the NFL, and also a high draft pick. Bailey was set to become an unrestricted free agent next month, but the Redskins designated him as their franchise player.
Washington has been trying to deal Bailey this offseason, after he rejected a nine-year deal last year reportedly worth $55 million with a $14.7 million signing bonus.
"We are talking to a number of teams and Denver is one of the teams," Redskins player personnel director Vinny Cerrato told The Associated Press on Monday.
Bailey's agent, Jack Reale, said he did not want to comment on the possible trade, but said no deal has been agreed upon. Portis' agent Drew Rosenhaus did not return phone messages.
Bailey, who will turn 26 on June 22, has been in the NFL five seasons and has made four straight Pro Bowls. He would help the Broncos address their lack of depth at cornerback, a problem that was caused in part because the team missed badly when they selected Deltha O'Neal in the first round in the 2000 NFL draft and Willie Middlebrooks in the first round in 2001.
If the trade happens it won't become official until the league trading period begins March 3, and the Broncos would have to figure out a way to get Bailey under the salary cap. The Broncos also are in negotiations to re-sign linebacker Al Wilson, who can become an unrestricted free agent March 3 if the Broncos don't use their franchise-player tag on him. Fellow defensive starters Bertrand Berry and Ian Gold can also become free agents.
The Broncos would likely have to agree to a contract with Bailey before a trade is made, due to his pending free-agent status. The Broncos are about $4.2 million over the salary cap, and their top 51 highest-paid players must be under the cap by the March 2 deadline.
The top candidate currently on the roster to take Portis' place if he is traded could be Quentin Griffin, a second-year back whose breakout game came Dec. 21 at Indianapolis when he gained 136 yards rushing with Portis out due to an injury.
Shanahan has had four different running backs gain 1,000 yards in a season as Broncos coach. Last May, Shanahan's reply to a possible holdout by Portis was to insinuate the system was more important than an individual.
"If he decided he didn't want to play, we're going to have another back run for 1,200-1,500 yards anyway," Shanahan said.
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Erin RyanWebsite
Professor Erin Ryan teaches environmental and natural resources law, water law, property and land use, negotiation, and federalism. She has presented at academic and administrative venues in the United States, Europe, and Asia, including the Ninth Circuit Judicial Conference, the U.S.D.A. Office of Ecosystem Services and Markets, and the United Nations Institute for Training and Research. She has advised National Sea Grant multilevel governance studies involving the Chesapeake Bay and consulted with multiple institutions on developing sustainability programs. She has appeared in the Chicago Tribune, the London Financial Times, the PBS Newshour and Christian Science Monitor's "Patchwork Nation" project, and on National Public Radio. She is the author of many scholarly works, including FEDERALISM AND THE TUG OF WAR WITHIN (Oxford, 2012). Professor Ryan is a graduate of Harvard Law School, where she was an editor of the Harvard Law Review and a Hewlett Fellow at the Harvard Negotiation Research Project. She clerked for Chief Judge James R. Browning of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit before practicing environmental, land use, and local government law in San Francisco. She began her academic career at the College of William & Mary in 2004, and she joined the faculty at the Northwestern School of Law at Lewis & Clark College in 2011. Ryan spent 2011-12 in China as a Fulbright Scholar, where she taught American law, studied Chinese governance, and lectured widely. Prior to law school, she served as a U.S. Forest Service ranger on the Mono Lake District of the Inyo National Forest, east of Yosemite National Park. She graduated from Harvard College with a degree in Chinese and received a Master's degree in Ethnomusicology from Wesleyan University. Her legal publications are available at: http://ssrn.com/author=391494.


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Washington, D.C., March 26At least 129 journalists were in prison in 24 countries at the end of 1997 for doing their work, the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) reported today in Attacks on the Press in 1997, its annual worldwide survey of press freedom conditions. There were 15 in jail in China, 8 in Burma, 7 in Kuwait, 5 each in Syria and Vietnam, and 4 in Peru.
The 443-page Attacks on the Press in 1997 was released this morning at a news conference at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. The book provides detailed reports of press freedom conditions and issues in five regions and 117 countries, including Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian National Authority, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, and Yemen.
In Algeria, authorities continued efforts to quash independent reporting of the countrys bloody six-year civil conflict. While no journalists were killed in Algeria in 1997nearly 60 have been assassinated since May 1993journalists there still live in constant fear for their lives. In Jordan, a kingdom that portrays itself as an emerging democracy, state restrictions on independent media left press freedom hanging in the balance. In May, King Hussein put his stamp of approval on draconian press amendments that nearly eliminated the countrys feisty weekly newspapers, known for their independent reporting on government policies.
In Saudi Arabia, Libya, Tunisia, Iraq, and Syria, the state controls the broadcast media and press, allowing no outlets for dissenting voices and the Palestinian press has become more submissive to the heavy-handed practices of Yasser Arafats Palestinian Authority In Lebanon, the government instituted prior censorship of news and political programs broadcast abroad by satellite, while the media remain subject to broadcast and press laws that restrict news content Press laws in Iran, Egypt, Lebanon, and Yemen enable authorities to prosecute journalists for reporting on alleged government corruption and other controversial domestic issues International and Arabic satellite networks have become a popular alternative for news programming for residents of Tehran, Damascus, and Algiers, providing a means to circumvent government-imposed restrictions on the flow of information Internet use has begun to spread gradually in many countries through the region despite government efforts to limit its use.
Compiled from the first-hand research of CPJs professional staff, Attacks on the Press in 1997 is the single most authoritative, comprehensive, and up-to-date source of information on the status of press freedom around the world. The book documents in compelling detail nearly 500 attacks carried out to silence journalists and news organizations through physical assault, imprisonment, censorship, and legal harassment. And it describes CPJs action on behalf of hundreds of journalists through emergency response and fact-finding missions, personal appeals by CPJ board members and staff, grassroots efforts, diplomatic channels, and media campaigns.


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NHERF2 is necessary for basal activity, second messenger inhibition, and LPA stimulation of NHE3 in mouse distal ileum
To test the hypothesis that Na+/H+exchanger (NHE) regulatory factor 2 (NHERF2) is necessary for multiple aspects of acute regulation of NHE3 in intact mouse small intestine, distal ileal NHE3 activity was determined using two-photon microscopy/SNARF-4F in a NHERF2-null mouse model. The NHERF2-null mouse ileum had shorter villi, deeper crypts, and decreased epithelial cell number. Basal rates of NHE3 activity were reduced in NHERF2-null mice, which was associated with a reduced percentage of NHE3 in the apical domain and an increase in intracellular NHE3 amount but no change in total level of NHE3 protein. cAMP, cGMP, and elevated Ca2+due to apical exposure to UTP all inhibited NHE3 activity in wild-type mouse ileum but not in NHERF2-null mice, while inhibition by hyperosmolarity occurred normally. The cAMP-increased phosphorylation of NHE3 at aa 552; levels of PKAIIα and cGMP-dependent protein kinase II (cGKII); and elevation of Ca2+were similar in wild-type and NHERF2-null mouse ileum. Luminal lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) stimulated NHE3 in wild-type but not in NHERF2-null ileum. In conclusion, 1) there are inftle structural abnormalities in the small intestine of NHERF2-null mouse which include fewer villus epithelial cells; 2) the decreased basal NHE3 activity and reduced brush border NHE3 amount in NHERF2-null mice show that NHERF2 is necessary for normal basal trafficking or retention of NHE3 in the apical domain; 3) hyperosmolar inhibition of NHE3 occurs similarly in wild-type and NHERF2-null ileum, demonstrating that some inhibitory mechanisms of NHE3 are not NHERF2 dependent; 4) cAMP inhibition of NHE3 is NHERF2 dependent at a step downstream of cAMP/PKAII phosphorylation of NHE3 at aa 552; 5) cGMP- and UTP-induced inhibition of NHE3 are NHERF2 dependent at steps beyond cGKII and the UTP-induced increase of intracellular Ca2+; and 6) LPA stimulation of NHE3 is also NHERF2 dependent.
|Additional Metadata
|+, /H, 2+, 5'-cyclic monophosphate, Adenosine 3', Ca, Guanosine 3', Lysophosphatidic acid, Na, Trafficking, exchanger regulation, exchanger regulatory factor
|Persistent URL
|dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00311.2010, hdl.handle.net/1765/26678
|American Journal of Physiology: Cell Physiology
Murtazina, R, Kovbasnjuk, O, Chen, T.E, Zachos, N.C, Kocinsky, H.S, Hogema, B.M, … Donowitz, M. (2011). NHERF2 is necessary for basal activity, second messenger inhibition, and LPA stimulation of NHE3 in mouse distal ileum. American Journal of Physiology: Cell Physiology, 301(1). doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00311.2010


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Justice Center News
The Justice Center News blog features our advocacy on issues affecting low-income New Yorkers today and the latest CBJC happenings. For press releases, click here. For publications, click here.
City Bar Justice Center Launches LGBT Advocacy Project
by CBJC Staff May 28, 2014
The City Bar Justice Center has launched the LGBT Advocacy Project to provide direct civil legal services to low-income LGBT New Yorkers. Seed money for the initiative has been provided by the Tiger Baron Foundation.
In addition to screening clients and matching them with pro bono attorneys trained by project staff, the project will also network and collaborate with other New York-based LGBT projects and organizations to allocate resources efficiently and address unmet legal needs.
Directing the project will be K. Scott Kohanowski, a staff attorney at the CBJC, a member of the City Bar's LGBT Rights Committee, and a board member of the LGBT Bar Association of Greater New York.
"While the LGBT community has won significant protections in housing, employment, public accommodation and the right to marry in large parts of the U.S., many low-income LGBT New Yorkers do not fully understand how these achievements can benefit them, or they face significant hurdles in implementing these new rights," said Kohanowski.
Identifying as gay, lesbian or transgender may still carry a significant stigma at school, at home, in the workplace and when seeking housing or services. Elderly gay men and lesbians face the legacy of reduced income and savings due to historic work-place discrimination and are much less likely to have family-support structures as they age. Transgender individuals are twice as likely to live in poverty than the general population and it is believed that one in five have experienced homelessness since first identifying as transgender. An extraordinary 20% of homeless youth are LGBT and have a significantly higher suicide rate than their heterosexual counterparts. While marriage equality increases opportunities, it also raises novel questions about parenting, property rights and benefits, especially when the relationship ends or the couple travels to other jurisdictions.
Potential clients may call the CBJC's Legal Hotline at 212-626-7383 to speak with a trained attorney.
Recent posts
November 17, 2017
USCIS Reverses Policy on Rejection of DACA Renewal Applications
On June 15, 2012, the Obama administration's Department of Homeland Security announced that certain individuals ...Read more
November 13, 2017
Overwhelmed With Student Loan Debt? Start Managing Loans With These Steps
Student loan debt is the nation's second highest type of consumer debt, standing at $1.4 trillion dollars, accor...Read more
November 10, 2017
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The City Bar Justice Center held its second annual Veterans Day Breakfast and Ethics CLE on Friday, November 10, 2...Read more


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Thanks, Pats! (lol)
I misspoke--it isn't Lela, it's Desmondina, prior to her surgery at the D.O.L.L.S. House in Bonga Bonga--she's the red-faced lady in the lower right corner kaleido... LOL!
LOL, Pat! and giggling, too! I can see everything but the red-faced Lelas! But, that is certainly the funniest!! Glad you liked it!!
I see apple and pumpkin--and pizza--pies, a hand-carved wooden platter, red-faced Lelas contemplating a pool of tadpole wine, dried sunflowers, and zucchini and rhubarb from a hot house! LOL! Love it, Jan!
Hanne - you know something about fantasies, I think! Your puzzles surely let us dream! Thank you!
Love you fantasies - please just go on!! Thanks so very much Jan!!
Thank you, Barb! I'm getting toward the end, but there are still a few more. I will not give up on fall easily. Do not want winter to come, after all!
Another lovely autumn surprise. Thanks, Jan! :-)


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The Elder Scrolls - Ranking Arena to Skyrim
View Single Post
December 15th, 2011, 11:44
As someone who played Dark Souls immediately before Skyrim, I found that I couldn't help but compare them. Dark Souls' combat is amazing, and it really highlights how bad Skyrim's is.
As for Dark Souls' save system - it saves constantly. If you quit and then reload, you'll be exactly where you were, in exactly the same situation. It's a very modern save-system. I think what you and some others are objecting to, is actually the death-system, i.e. that there is actually a death penalty. It means that you actually have to learn how to do each section, rather than just stumble through with quick-save spam.
It's not for everyone, that is for sure. However, the point is that its combat is sublime, absolutely superlative. Of course, that means that any game with similar combat will suffer by comparison, but Skyrim suffers a lot.
Join Date: Jul 2007
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