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International Journal of Photoenergy
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 398508, 8 pages
Enhanced Photoactivity of Fe + N Codoped Anatase-Rutile Nanowire Film under Visible Light Irradiation
1Department of Communication Engineering, Chengdu Institute of Technology, Chengdu 611730, China
2Intel-cec joint Lab, Institute of IC Mannufacturing Engineering, Chengdu 611730, China
3Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
4Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430072, China
Received 9 January 2012; Revised 22 February 2012; Accepted 22 February 2012
Academic Editor: Baibiao Huang
Copyright © 2012 Kewei Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Rutile-anatase phase mixed codoped TiO2 nanowires were designed and prepared by a two-step anodic oxidation method. The results of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirm that the prepared codoped TiO2 nanowires exhibit intimately contacted anatase-rutile heterostructure with the rutile content of 21.89%. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements show that nitrogen and iron atoms are incorporated into the titania oxide lattice, and the UV-visible absorption spectra show that the codoping of iron and nitrogen atoms could extend the absorption to visible light region. The photocatalytic activities of all the samples were evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. The codoped sample achieves the best response to visible light and the highest photocatalytic activities. The enhancement of photocatalytic activity for codoped sample should be ascribed to the synergistic effects of codoped nitrogen and iron ions and the anatase-rutile heterostructure.
1. Introduction
Titanium oxide is a multifunctional material with a wide variety of potential applications including solar cell [1], photocatalyst [2], water splitting [3], and gas sensors [4]. However, the wide band gap of TiO2 (3.2 eV for the anatase phase and 3.0 eV for the rutile phase) requires ultraviolet (UV) light for electron-hole separation, which is only 5% of the natural solar light [5]. It is of great significance to develop photocatalysts that can be used in visible light region to improve the photocatalytic efficiency. Numerous attempts have been made to optimize the band gap of TiO2 by different doping schemes, for example, nonmetal doping (such as C, S, N, I [6–11]), metal doping (such as Fe, V, Cr, Nb [12–15]), and nonmetal-metal codoping (such as codoping [16], codoping [17], codoping [18], and codoping [19]), to improve the photocatalytic activity. As a result, it was found that the monodoping can generate the recombination center inside the TiO2, which goes against the light-induced charge carriers' migration to the surface [16, 20]. In compensated n-p codoping systems, the defect bands can be passivated and will not be effective as carrier recombination centers [16, 21] and the Columbic attraction between the n- and p-type dopants with opposite charge substantially enhances doping concentration [22]. Recently, noncompensated codoping was proposed by Zhu et al., for its distinctive merit of ensuring the creation of intermediate electronic bands in the gap region and enhancing photoactivity manifested by efficient electron-hole separation in the visible-light region [23].
It is well-known that powders consisting of anatase and rutile (a classical reference materials is Degussa P25, a mixture of 20% rutile, and 80% anatase) possess higher photoactivity than those of pure anatase. It was thought that the anatase-rutile heterojunction inside the TiO2 was the main reason for enhanced photoactivity [24]. Deák et al. calculated the band structure of rutile and anatase and validated that both bands of rutile lie higher than those of anatase, so in mixed systems, the holes are accumulated in the former while the electrons in the latter [25]. As pointed out earlier, the charge separation will enhance the photochemical activity of mixed phase TiO2 powders.
New interesting issue: does the noncompensated codoping with rutile-anatase mixing phase improve the visible light photocatalytic activity? It was reported that Fe-doped TiO2 and N-doped TiO2 exhibit enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity as compared to undoped TiO2, while codoping is the noncompensated codoping, but the light photocatalytic activity is seldom reported. Thus, in this study, codoped TiO2 nanowires with rutile-anatase mixed phase were designed and prepared. Compared with the undoped, Fe-doped and N-doped TiO2, codoped TiO2 gains the best photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation and the mechanism of enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity is discussed in detail.
2. Experimental Section
Titanium foils (0.6 mm thick, 99.5% purity, and cut in 1 cm × 2 cm) were used as the substrates for the growth of the TiO2 nanowire arrays. The titanium sheets were cleaned by sonicating in 1 : 1 acetone and ethanol solution, followed by being rinsed with deionized water and dried in airstream. The anodization was carried out in a two-electrode electrochemical cell with a graphite sheet as the cathode at a constant potential 60 V. A DC power supply (WYK-6010, 0–60 V, and 0–10 A) was used to control the experimental current and voltage for 1 h. The electrolyte contained 0.5 wt% NH4F, 5 mL H2O, and 195 mL ethylene glycol. After anodization, the specimens were cleaned in 10% HCl by ultrasonic immediately for 10 minutes and dried in airstream. The anodization process was repeated for several times.
The samples were then rinsed by ethanol for 5 minutes, after which some of them were submerged in mol/L Fe(NO3)3 solutions for 40 minutes for Fe doping. Postannealing in air at 700°C was employed to remove most of the organic and inorganic species encapsulated in the arrays and transform the amorphous titania to nanocrystalline TiO2. Nitrogen doping was carried out by annealing the samples in ammonia atmosphere at 500°C. The reagents—acetone (CH3COCH3), ethanol (C2H5OH), ammonium fluoride (NH4F), Fe(NO3)3, and ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) were of analytical-grade without further purification.
The crystal structures of samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, Bruker AXS D8 Advance diffractions) using Cu radiation. The surface morphologies of the nanowire arrays were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, S-4800) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM 2010FEF HRTEM, JEOL, Japan). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments were performed on a VG Multilab2000 spectrometer to obtain the information on chemical binding energy of the TiO2 nanowires which was calibrated with the reference to the C 1s peak at 284.6 eV. The UV-visible absorption spectra were measured using a Cary 5000 UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer; BaSO4 was used as a reflectance standard in a UV-visible diffuse reflectance experiment. The photocatalytic activities under visible light irradiation were evaluated by the degradation of methyl blue irradiated by a 450 W xenon lamp. In the process, a TiO2 nanowire array with dimensions of 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm was immersed into 3 mL 10 mg/L methyl blue (MB) solution and placed below xenon lamp with 10 cm distance. The solution in the photoreactor was placed in dark for 30 minutes to reach the absorption-desorption equilibrium of the dye molecules on the sample surface.
3. Results and Discussions
Figure 1 shows the XRD patterns of the undoped, Fe-doped, N-doped, and codoped polycrystalline TiO2 samples. Compared with the standard patterns of the anatase phase TiO2 (JCPDS 21-1272) and the rutile phase (JCPDS 21-1276), no peaks of impurities are detected except the peaks of metal titanium coming from the substrates. The contents of rutile phase and anatase phase are calculated by the XRD results, using the method described by Zhu et al. [26] and listed in Table 1. The results show that the content of rutile phase in Fe-doped TiO2 (19.66 wt%) is lower than that of the undoped TiO2 (21.88 wt%), that is to say, the content of rutile decreases for the iron doping after the heating treatment, which indicates that the doping of iron may retard the transition from anatase to rutile. The content of rutile in the N-doped and codoped TiO2 are 22.48 wt% and 21.89 wt%. The average crystallite sizes were calculated by Scherrer's formula (,, nm) and listed in Table 1, choosing the peaks at scattering angles of 25° and 27.5° for anatase and rutile, respectively. The average crystallite sizes for anatase phase in the undoped TiO2 and samples doped with Fe, N, are 32.92 nm, 25.27 nm, 27.60 nm, and 27.78 nm, while the average crystallite sizes for rutile phase are 30.57 nm, 25.30 nm, 26.93 nm, and 28.78 nm, respectively. These results reveal that doping with Fe and N element will retard the growth of the crystallite sizes, which is similar to those described in [27, 28].
Figures 2(a), 2(b), 2(c), and 2(d) present the illustrative top SEM images of typical undoped, Fe-doped, N-doped, and codoped TiO2 samples. The right part of Figure 2(d) is the SEM image of cross section of the codoped sample. As it can be seen, the length and the diameter of all the samples are about 5 μm and 90 nm. The nanowires are arranged one by one closely, ensuring that light can be effectively scattered by the rutile phase in the mixing-phase films [29].
The crystalline structure of TiO2 is further examined by HRTEM. The HRTEM images of a single codoped TiO2 nanowire and the magnified local image in the white rectangle zone is shown in Figure 3. HRTEM observations reveal that the diameter of the nanoparticles is in a size range of 70–100 nm and TiO2 nanoparticles can be discriminated and exhibit a perfect lattice. As shown in Figure 3, the clear anatase-rutile interface is confirmed by HRTEM, where the lattice spaces are measured to be 0.189 nm along the (200) plane of anatase phase and 0.248 nm along the (101) plane of rutile phase, respectively. The formation of intimate contact between anatase and rutile phases is realized so that the charge transfer between the two phases can occur smoothly [30]. The anatase-rutile interface is the active site for photocatalysis and is one of the dominate factors for the enhancement of the photocatalytic activity reported elsewhere [31].
To investigate the composition and the chemical state of ions, XPS measurements were performed. Figure 4(a) is the XPS survey spectrum of the sample. The sharp peaks at 284.7 eV, 458.60 eV, 530.15 eV are corresponding to the binding energy of C 1s, Ti 2p3/2, O1s, and the two weak photoelectron peaks at 710.41 eV and 396.00 eV correspond to Fe 2p3/2, and N 1s, respectively. The peak at 284.7 eV, in general, is a signal of adventitious elemental carbon as reported in other works [32, 33]. No other impurity peaks were observed, which reveals that the sample contains Ti, O, Fe, and N four elements.
Figure 4(b) is the N 1s core level spectra of codoped TiO2. It is found that there are two peaks with similar intensity at the bonding energies of 396.04 eV and 400.20 eV, respectively. Generally, the peak at 396 eV reflects the formation of N–Ti–O bonds, indicating the substitution of N ion for O ion [34–36]. The peak at 400 eV can be assigned to molecular nitrogen bonded to the surface defects or the N atoms bonding to O sites in TiO2, forming Ti–O–N bonds [37]. Figure 4(c) shows the high-resolution Fe 2p core level spectrum. As it can be seen, the binding energies of the Fe 2p XPS peaks are at 710.41 eV, indicating that the Fe element in the sample exists mainly in the +3 oxidation state [38]. The peak position of codoped TiO2 exhibits a shift about 0.3 eV to lower energy compared with that in Fe2O3 (710.7 eV for Fe 2p3/2) [38]. The variation in the elemental binding energy due to the difference in the chemical potential and polarizability of Fe ions in codoped TiO2 and Fe2O3 indicates that Fe3+ ion has incorporated into the TiO2 lattice and Fe–O–Ti bonds form in the codoped sample [39]. The calculations of the N 1s core level spectrum and Fe 2p core level spectrum show that the N and Fe content is 3.15% and 1.09%, respectively.
Figure 5(a) illustrates the UV-vis absorption spectroscopy of the undoped, Fe-doped, N-doped, and codoped TiO2. The undoped TiO2 exhibits the characteristic spectrum of TiO2 with its fundamental absorption sharp edge around 380 nm. Compared with the undoped TiO2, the absorption edge is shifted toward visible light range for Fe-doped, N-doped, and codoped samples and a significant enhancement of absorption visible light range is observed in N-doped and codoped samples. As it can be seen from Figure 5(a), the spectrum of codoped sample has the largest red-shift. The local spectra (Figure 5(b)) indicate that the onset of the absorption spectrum appears at 384 nm, 394 nm, 396.3 nm, and 405 nm, for undoped, Fe-doped, N-doped, and codoped TiO2, respectively. According to the equation , the band gaps of the undoped, Fe-doped, N-doped, and codoped TiO2 are 3.23 eV, 3.15 eV, 3.13 eV, and 3.06 eV. Figure 5(c) shows the plots of versus deduced from Figure 5(a). The band gap of each samples is determined by fitting the absorption spectra data according to the equation ( is the absorption coefficient; is the photo energy; is a constant number; and is the absorption band gap energy). As it can be seen that the band gaps of the undoped, Fe-doped, N-doped, and codoped TiO2 are 3.23 eV, 3.15 eV, 3.13 eV, and 3.06 eV, which are consistent with the results of Figure 5(b) and similar to those reported in [40, 41], but much higher than the values calculated by Romero-Gomez et al. [23]. The reason for this deviation may be that the doping content in experiments is much lower than that in the theoretical model.
As to the origin of visible-light sensitivity in Fe, N and codoped TiO2, the possible mechanism can be proposed. It is known that the band gap of TiO2 can be tailored by doping with some nonmetal or metal elements. Herein, for the Fe-doped sample, the absorption edge red-shift could be understood by the band gap narrowing, which is the result of the induced sub-band-gap transition corresponding to the excitation of 3d electrons of Fe3+ to TiO2 conduction band [41, 42]. In nitrogen doped sample, the doped N ions could induce an add-on shoulder on the edge of the valence band maximum and the localized N 2p states above the valence band [40]. On the other hand, it is known that N has a lower valence state than O so that the incorporation of N must promote the synchronous formation of oxygen vacancies for the charge equilibrium in TiO2 [43]. Therefore, the band narrowing due to newly formed oxygen vacancies by N-doping in TiO2 cannot be neglected. As a result, the visible light response for N-doped TiO2 is attributed to both oxygen vacancies and the N 2p states. For codoped sample, compared with the N-doped TiO2, the Fe element is introduced into the lattice of TiO2 as the oxide state of Fe3+ by above discussion, so that Fe-doping is a p-type doping and can increase the oxygen vacancies induced by the hole doping of N, similar as [43]. Consequently, the codoped TiO2 results in the best response to visible-light and the largest red-shift because of the synergistic effect of Fe and N codopant.
To evaluate the photocatalytic activities of the undoped, Fe-doped, N-doped, and codoped samples, experiments were carried out for MB degradation in an aqueous solution under visible light irradiation by insert a filter ( nm) between the Xe-lamp and the samples. Figure 6 shows the photocatalytic degradation curves of MB catalyzed by the samples. The photocatalytic activity is in the order of the codoped TiO2 > N-doped TiO2 > Fe-doped TiO2 > undoped TiO2. The codoped TiO2 shows the best photocatalytic activity and leads to a removal of MB up to 57.42% in 4 hours.
It has been reported that oxygen vacancy induced by N doping or self-doping plays an important role in the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 catalyst by trapping the photoinduced electron and acting as a reactive center for the photocatalytic process [44, 45]. codoping on the photocatalytic activity in anatase-rutile mixed TiO2 nanowires, p-type Fe doping can increase the oxygen vacancies in N-doped TiO2 so that the photocatalytic activity of the sample is enhanced after introducing Fe3+ to form the codoped sample. It is known that the minimum of the conduction band of the rutile phase lies at higher in energy than that of the anatase phase by about 0.3-0.4 eV [25]. The Fe3+ energy level is just below the conduction band of anatase [41, 42]. The nitrogen doping could induce an add-on shoulder on the edge of the valence band maximum and the localized N 2p states above the valence band [40]. Therefore, after codoping, the anatase-rutile mixed TiO2 nanowires have complex band lineup, similar with the band lineup of rutile and anatase [25]. This complex staggered alignment of the bands effectively enhances the charge separation with migrating holes accumulating in rutile while electrons in anatase, thus enhancing photocatalytic activity, accordingly.
4. Conclusions
In conclusion, TiO2 nanowires with mixed rutile-anatase phase were synthesized by a two-step anodic oxidation method. Doping with nitrogen or iron could enhance the visible light absorption and the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanowires. The codoped TiO2 nanowire possesses the highest visible light absorption and the best photocatalytic activity for catalyzing the degradation of methylene blue. The increase of the quantity of O vacancy and the enhancement of the charge separation in the nanowires due to the complex staggered alignment of the bands leading by Fe and N codoping may be two of the reasons for the increase of photocatalytic activity in the codoped sample.
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the National Basic Research Program (973 Program) (no. 2009CB939704 and no. 2009CB939705), the National Natural Science Funds (no. 51172166, 10974148, 61106005), National Science Fund for Talent Training in Basic Science (no. J0830310), and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials (Hubei University).
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text: 10 to try: 2010's best new music Want to know what's going to be on your iPod this year? Time Out runs through the top 10 upcoming albums By Time Out Dubai staff 25 January 2010 Klaxons Title TBA Accidental harbingers of the late '00s 'nu rave' club fashion scene and unhappy about it (who would want to be attached to a musical movement that has nothing to do with music?), Klaxons would have done just fine without that DayGlo zeitgeist. But the follow-up to their dance-punk/prog-rave debut hit a bump when their label deemed it too weird for release. A toned, down, less psychedelic version is being recorded for this year. LCD Soundsystem Title TBA In 1992, James Murphy was offered the chance to write for a new comedy show called Seinfeld. Thinking it would tank, he turned it down, only for it to become the biggest sitcom in the US. But his loss was our gain – sticking with DJing led to the creation of dance-punk outfit LCD Soundsystem, whose Sounds of Silver became one of 2007's biggest critical darlings and an underground success in Europe. Will album three prove as good? We can but hope. Amy Winehouse Title TBA Sadly, our interest in Winehouse's third album is as much down to rubbernecking horror as it is genuine musical anticipation. Her soulful debut, 2003's (yes, it was that long ago) Frank, blew us away, and while follow-up Back to Black didn't hit the same highs, it was still a cracker. But after five years of addiction, missed gigs and public humiliation, does she still have it in her to excel? We hope so. The Roots How I Got Over In 2008 it looked like it was finally over for hip-hop pioneers The Roots after their latest album, Rising Down, was also announced to be their last. But no – drummer Questlove has promised a return for the band. Buoyed up by the end of the Bush presidency, the band are promising a more positive attitude this time around, as well as a fully live, sample-free recording. Fleet Foxes Title TBA The definitive folk hit of 2008, Fleet Foxes' self-titled debut won critical plaudits left, right and centre thanks to its rich sound, impeccable musicianship and beautifully harmonised vocals. Their follow-up was planned for last year, but failed writing sessions resulted in it being put back. However, returning producer Phil Ek recently announced that he'd been listening to new demos and that a 2010 release looks likely. Massive Attack Heligoland It's taken seven years for 3D and Daddy G to get their fifth album out, and the creative turmoil has resulted in the trip-hop duo ditching recording sessions with Beth Orton and others. This final cut will feature Gorillaz' Damon Albarn, Elbow's Guy Garvey and long-time Tricky collaborator (and owner of the world's best name) Martina Topley-Bird. Liars Sisterworld Each Liars album has been progressively more impressive than the last, with 2007's self-titled effort being the pinnacle: a haunting, discordant, fuzz-filled monster that still knew when to turn up the volume and rock out. What we've heard of Sisterworld seems to be following suit, but with added eerie harmonies and gothic organs. It seems their 2008 tour dates with Radiohead have made them even stranger. Outkast Title TBA The last output from Big Boi and Andre 3000, 2003's pair of solo albums Speakerboxxx/The Love Below, amply showed why these two work better together than apart. Thankfully, while they both plan to release solo material this year, they're also working on a new collaboration. Gorillaz Plastic Beach Gorillaz' debut was a disappointment (it sounded like cuttings scraped up from the floor of co-creator Damon Albarn), but 2005's follow-up, Demon Days, was a surprisingly good show thanks to guest spins by Danger Mouse (the producer, not the cartoon spy), De La Soul, MF Doom and, er, Dennis Hopper. This third album has an equally eclectic roster: Mos Def, Snoop Dogg, Barry Gibb and Lou Reed. The first single, 'Stylo', should be online by the time you read this. MGMT Congratulations One of the best albums of the past decade, Oracular Spectacular was an ace blast of electro psychedelia. Producer Dave Fridmann was a big part of that, so we're interested to see what replacement Peter Kember (of drone-heavy shoegaze band Spaceman 3) will achieve. But if MGMT's knack for pop hooks and wry lyrics is still intact, we'll have nothing to fear. Follow Us SIMILAR ARTICLES Home decor ideas in Bahrain Summer T-shirts in Bahrain Eid gifts in Bahrain 2015 Ramadan around the world

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Human Blood Groups
This book provides a comprehensive and fully referenced description of the serology, inheritance, biochemistry, molecular genetics, and biological significance of human red blood cell antigens and the cell surface structures that carry them. Also detailed are the characteristics of the antibodies which define the blood groups and their clinical significances, particularly as related to the field of transfusion medicine. The book was conceived as a successor to the classic "Blood Groups in Man" by Race and Sanger, and is no less comprehensive. It will be the standard reference for hematologists and geneticists.
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text:
Phil Mickelson and Keegan Bradley put the U.S. up 6-3 with their dominating performance Saturday at the Ryder Cup 2012.
Mickelson and Bradley teamed up to defeat European team Luke Donald and Lee Westwood, 7 and 6, in the first of Saturday's four scheduled matches. Although that American duo needed only 12 holes to clinch the win, the three other U.S. teams were leading at the turn.
Photos: Saturday's best images
Mickelson and Bradley matched the Ryder Cup record for most lopsided finish in an 18-hole team match. It had happened twice before, most recently in 1991, both times in foursomes.
Bradley is now 3-0, the best start in the Ryder Cup for a U.S. rookie since that guy he was playing with did it in 1995. And it handed Donald his second straight loss in foursomes after going unbeaten his first six times out.
The Americans lead Europe 6-3, although the other three matches are all close.
Leaderboard: Follow Saturday's live action
The U.S. led 5-3 after Friday's action and benched Tiger Woods for Saturday's doubles.
Other Saturday pairings:
• Justin Rose and Ian Poulter vs. Bubba Watson and Webb Simpson
• Nicolas Colsaerts and Sergio Garcia vs. Jason Dufner and Zach Johnson
• Rory McIlroy and Graeme McDowell vs. Jim Furyk and Brandt Snedeker
Linemakers: Ryder Cup 2012 odds and bets


text:
Flash Mobs Hit Baltimore
The buzz of mob activity is floating uncomfortably close to home in recent weeks. Just a couple blocks away from my home in fact...
Back in April, Baltimore city police had to use megaphones to get 100 teenagers off the streets near the Inner Harbor, Convention Center, and City Hall. Property damange and at least one stabbing was reported. The truly eerie part is that, when the teens were questioned about what they were doing, they simply said, "it's the day after Easter."
Robberies and completley unprovoked attacks from groups of teens in surrounding areas has been reported more frequently in the past couple of years.
As mob activity is spiking around the nation and around the world, Baltimore officials are worried about "flash mobs," as local teen pranks are becoming increasingly more serious and dangerous. Social media networking makes spontaneous group activity easy to facilitate.
Earlier this summer, unexpected riots broke out at the Caribbean Day Festival in D.C. at the Howard University Strip. At least four people were reported to be shot as angry mobsters took over the streets:
And in Philadelphia, similar "flash mobs" have congregated together this summer. Groups of teens have attacked randomly on the streets near touristy, shopping areas.
From The Washington Times:
In one episode, teens knocked down passers-by on a Center City street and entered an upscale department store where they assaulted shoppers. On another occasion, hundreds of teens gathered in a restaurant district and menaced patrons, forcing some restaurant owners to lock customers inside temporarily for their own protection or to close early.
In the latest event July 29, about 20 to 30 youths descended on Center City after dark, then punched, beat and robbed bystanders. One man was kicked so savagely that he was hospitalized with a fractured skull. Police arrested four people, including an 11-year-old.
In response, the weekend curfew for minors was moved up to 9 p.m. Parents in Philly are now responsible for increased fines, each time their child is in violation of the earlier curfew.
And just this past weekend, the Baltimore juvenile curfew center caught children as young as 8-years-old out after 1:30 in the morning. The increased sense of urgency in regards to the mob-madness spreading across the country, has cities everywhere taking action, trying to keep the streets free from violence and harm.
According to THE BALTIMORE SUN:
Though city officials said they have not seen any evidence of "flash robs" in Baltimore, there appears to have been at least one incident that fits the bill: Records show that on successive nights, groups of 10 and 15 youths robbed a 7-Eleven on Hanover Street in Federal Hill in July.
The term is a play on "flash mobs," a phrase that originally referred to people who used social media to flood an area and break into spontaneous song or dance — innocuous pranks. This summer, pranks have evolved into something more serious, with authorities saying that social media tools may have been used to coordinate crimes in Philadelphia, Milwaukee, Chicago and the Washington area.
More broadly, the reports appear to indicate a trend of a youth crime involving large groups who use their numbers to overwhelm retailers and law enforcement officers, though not necessarily using social media.
Ideally, police officers will take the initiative to become more savvy with social media networking sites in order to follow online trends that may suggest --and, in turn, the police can help prevent-- potentially dangerous mob-like gatherings in the future.
Unfortunately, it seems like the "flash mob" trend is only just beginning...+16
More like this...Worldwide Riots: A Breakdown
The world is aflame with discontent, and now that fire has spread to the UK, Israel and Syria...
Japan Food Riot Fears on the Rise
Radiation tainted rice appeared in Japan, as price spikes 40%. Food hoarding ensues...
Amazon Predicts Riots
Could people really be preparing for riots, right here in the U.S? You betcha...
Cell Phone Service Shut Down to Deter Organized Riots
Personal freedoms vs. public safety. Has the government gone too far to combat potentially violent protests in the U.S.?


text:
Two are hilarious. One was really touching.
First, the touching. My sister-in-law Mickelle (whose blog you should definitely read) made this for me and Lolly:
She called it The Sentimental Weed.
In it is a bunch of the more meaningful comments I've gotten on this blog since last June intermixed with photos of my family, and photos from all the events we've been a part of since my coming out. It was really really neat to see all of that stuff compiled in such a beautiful way and Lolly and I were very moved. It was the perfect encapsulation of all of the amazing things that have happened to us over the last six months. I would never have thought of doing something like that myself, yet somehow it was the perfect gift I never knew I wanted.
Much thanks, Stella.
Okay, and now on to the ridiculous:
My BIL (I have good in-laws, can you tell?) Nate stayed up for hours and hours Christmas Eve working on a gift for me and he didn't even draw my name in our family name-draw. Because that's the kind of guy he is.
Here is me opening this gift:
When I opened his gift, I feasted my eyes upon this:
Yes, you are seeing a cross-stitch. And yes, it's from a joke I told in this old post where I said I wanted that phrase cross-stitched and hung in my bathroom. And yes, as an added bonus, he also found a pattern for poop online and cross-stitched that sucker in as well.
I love it. Maybe a little too much. And rest assured, it will find a permanent home in my bathroom.
The final gift is so perfect I almost can't believe it happened.
So there's this white elephant gift exchange that some friends of ours do around Christmastime. And I have a loooong history of getting the most awkward gifts known to man at this gift exchange
The first notable gift I got was this one two years ago.
Yes, that is a vibrator.
And yes, I gave it as a prize in my 100th follower giveaway. It was pretty amazing, and the spirit of giving was in the air. As was a vibrator. After I mailed it. (Or wait, I think the winner picked it up in person, but that's less funny...)
The next year, I got this:
Yes, that is a male thong.
AND NOBODY KNEW I WAS GAY BACK THEN so Lolly and I laughed really, really hard and almost nobody understood why. It was tragic.
Anyway, we went this year thinking that it was gonna be really hard to top the previous two years. Yet, somehow I got the absolute perfect gift. Are you ready????
You are correct. That is Unicorn Meat. I'm pretty sure I don't have to explain why this was probably the most fitting gift ever this year. But wait there's more! It actually opens up, and you get:
Don't worry, it was a humane killing. Or so they claim.
A better, more fitting gift could not be imagined, methinks.
Wanna see the nutritional information and stuff? Of course you do!!!
So, yeah, I pretty much made out like a bandit this year. Again. I'm not sure why, but somehow this Christmas was one of the more magical, wonderful ones I've had since entering adulthood. My whole family was there (minus missionary Chad, but we got to talk to him) and it was just really chill and fun and my mom slept really well in the hotel even though she's sick and my dad and I had some really great talks and everyone was happy and just glad to be together. And I really loved it. And these gifts were icing on the cake.
Now if you'll excuse me, I'm about to go eat some unicorn steak... it's so moist and delicious!


text:
SRI Lankan authorities wiped all the data from the computer of an Australian media rights activist as she and a colleague were kicked out of the country, a local rights group said.
Jacqui Park and fellow Australian Jean Worthington were packed onto a plane that flew out of Colombo airport a day after authorities ordered their expulsion for "anti-government" activities.
But, according to members of the local Free Media Movement (FMM), Park was only allowed to board after plain-clothes investigators removed all data from her personal laptop at the end of two days of questioning.
"They were told by the immigration officials today that it was all a big misunderstanding," FMM spokesman Sunil Jayasekera told AFP.
"They went through everything in the computer. When they gave it back to her, everything had been erased," Jayasekera added.
There was no immediate comment from immigration authorities who detained the pair - both members of the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) - during a meeting with FMM colleagues at a hotel in Colombo on Wednesday.
The IFJ in a statement condemned the detention of the pair in Colombo and said the authorities had subjected them to lengthy questioning and prevented them from boarding their planned flight on Thursday.
The two were confronted with an extensive dossier on her 17 visits to Sri Lanka over 15 years and questioned about her associations with local media personnel.
"The IFJ has grave concerns about the safety of media personnel inside Sri Lanka arising from this incident," the organisation said in a statement.
It said it was also "deeply concerned" about the safety of media personnel in Sri Lanka after a Commonwealth meeting in Sri Lanka from November 15 - 17.
Canada's Prime Minister Stephen Harper has said he will boycott the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting hosted by Colombo in a bid to protest Sri Lanka's human rights record.
The IFJ insisted that Park did not violate any visa regulations and noted Sri Lanka's Electronic Travel Authorisation website did not prohibit attending workshops after entering the country on tourist visas.
Sri Lanka has blacklisted many foreign journalists over their reports on the country's human rights record and alleged war crimes in the final stages of the Tamil ethnic war in 2009.
Local journalists have also been the victims of crimes and many say they practise self-censorship.
An anti-establishment editor fled the country in August, less than a month after armed men held her at knifepoint.
In 2009, the Sunday Leader newspaper's editor Lasantha Wickrematunge, a staunch critic of the government, was shot dead near his office just outside the capital.


text:
Artist description:
I wish you all the best. You have been a wonderful inspiration to me. You were the first one to welcome me to RMD! I want to thank you for all the great comments you have given me.
Canvas Draw Created Jun 15, 2011 640 x 460px Unless noted Copyright 2011 tytto.
We encourage you to submit a comment and let the artist know what you think of this drawing. Please log in or join to post a comment.
Post a comment
Wow, it's really pretty. I'm loving the colours. How you did it, makes it look as if it's done with chalk, which is great:3! 5/5
A very nice tribute to Aurora. She is remarkable indeed. I like the impressionistic style in this one.
I love the painting effect in this drawing.. so amazing!! great job!!
superb .........the colors are so warm and bright ............very beautiful ....5/5
this is so pretty (: +5 and fave
Sooo retty!! colection 5 h
It looks very good! :3
beautiful painting! love roses! 5 ♥s
Beautifull drawing.!you have a great style5/5


text:
Faculty, David Krugler, awarded fellowships
PLATTEVILLE - Following the Sept. 11 terrorist attack and now the war in Iraq, issues of national security weigh heavily on the minds of many Americans. As the U.S. hopes for the best, but prepares for the worst, University of Wisconsin-Platteville associate professor David Krugler looks at how our nation's capital prepared for a nuclear attack during the Cold War.
Awarded fellowships from the National Endowment for Humanities and the White House Historical Association, Krugler will continue his research entitled "The D Minus Scenario: How Washington, D.C. was Prepared for Nuclear War." Funded in part by a Scholarly Activity Improvement Fund (SAIF) grant, Krugler began his research in 2000.
"I've been conducting research and working on a book for three years about how Washington, D.C., prepared for a nuclear attack between World War II and the Cuban Missile Crisis," Krugler said. "I began with the question - How did the Cold War affect our nation's capital? - which led me to focus on nuclear weapons. The existence of those weapons resulted in a home front threat with our seat of government, Washington, D.C., being the obvious target. I then became equally interested in Washington, D.C.'s conflicted identities as a city and a symbol."
The fellowships will provide Krugler with $9,000 to continue his research in Washington, D.C., this summer. Funds will cover travel and living expenses, a temporary residence and Krugler's research time. Through his research, he hopes to gain a sense of how the U.S. responded to changes following World War II and where priorities of national security laid within the federal government.
"Measures to protect the seat of government resulted in a widening gap between capital and city, as national security planners advocated the dispersal of vital government offices from the city center to suburban sites," Krugler said in a synopsis of his project. "Dispersal also encouraged white flight, while the district's local civil defense office perpetuated Washington's racial segregation ... Analysis of these varied responses to the imaginary war shows how postwar national security measures reshaped the national capital and how a racially divided urban population responded to doomsday fears."
A native of Wauwatosa, Krugler joined the faculty at UWP in 1997. He has taught courses in modern American history, the Vietnam War, European history and imperialism. He will be offering a course this fall on U.S. foreign relations. Prior to coming to UWP, Krugler earned his bachelor's degree at Creighton University in Nebraska and his master's degree and Ph.D. from the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana.
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text:
Featuring a Lifetime Guarantee, Defiant meets or exceeds ANSI Grade 3 Standards for residential use. This half-dummy, or trim function, is surface mounted on doors where only a pull is required. The Powder coated finish will provide years of durability. Very easy to install, only a screwdriver is needed to make installation a snap.
- Lifetime guarantee
- For use on interior doors where a push and pull function is required
- Easy installation, installs in minutes with just a screwdriver
- Universal, will fit both right and left handed doors


text:
All Mailing Lists >>Families With Children>> College Students
College Students Mailing Lists
|Volume Pricing
|Broker Pricing
|Mailing list, Phone, Email
|College Studen List Segments
Popular Usage
College Students Mailing Lists
The decisions students in college make can create a lifelong propensity of habits and preferences. The choices students make can increase a company's chance of having a lifelong customer. All the business has to do is be the first to reel the students in. College students are very aware of new and current trends. They are also the most connected generation. Social sharing or word of mouth around campus of a popular item can do wonders for a business.
- College students living on or around campus want to make their living space to feel like home. This is a great opportunity for businesses to present any products or services to help students acquire the perfect home away from away home atmosphere. Some students will be looking to rent an apartment or room. Furniture, bedding, electronics and accessories will be needed for their new place. Any items to help students personalize their spaces to be "uniquely" their own.
- Credit card offers so students can purchase their wants and needs is essential. Credit cards are monetary sources for many students. This can also help college students establish credit.
- Students in college get stressed out and overwhelmed. Faced with more responsibility, how to manage time and money, and academic can increase stress, anxiety, and depression. This can lead to binge drinking, substance abuse, dropping out of college, or eating disorders. Therapist and counselors have an opportunity to provide their services to help students.
- Customize apparel is a big hit at colleges. Anything from college sportswear, spirit wear, apparel, and accessories for students or fans. Also needed are fashionable or trendy clothes for everyday wear. Consignment shops are great for pitching trendy and brand name clothes at a lower cost.
- Food and entertainment rank high in student spending. College students are often on a tight budget and coupons or offers at restaurants will win them over.
- Many students will travel during their college break. These students will be ready for a break from their hectic schedule. Airlines, hotels, car rental, or travel agencies can offer their services.
- Books in college can be very expensive. Present new or used text books at a lower rate than what is offered at the school and students will be happy with savings.
- Students in college are a connected generation and their main source of communication is through cell phones, smart phones, tablets, laptops, etc. A college student cannot survive without a computer. Or better yet a cell phone and reasonable plan. Students rely on technology to access information, communicate with friends, and keep themselves entertained. This is where brands can separate themselves from competitors and provide additional value to students by accommodating their emerging needs.
This is one of the most influential demographics out there. College students start trends and spend carelessly. Reach your target audience today!


text:
European Commission - Competition
Accessibility tools
Service tools
Language selector
Navigation path
The Commission uses the web-based application "eQuestionnaire" in its market investigations.
The application provides respondents with a modern, secure and efficient web-based workspace to submit their replies to the Commission. It is designed to accommodate the input of both large corporations and smaller companies, while improving and streamlining the Commission's market investigations.
Companies requested to provide information will receive an email informing them of the launch of an investigation, inviting them to log on to eQuestionnaire using a unique access code. After first confirming their contact details and the receipt of the request for information, companies can fill in the questionnaire directly online or – if preferred – export the questionnaire to a text editor, complete the responses there and upload the replies into the application afterwards.
Respondents can send questions or suggestions on the eQuestionnaire directly to the relevant case team at DG Competition. Contact details of the case team are provided both in the email sent to the recipient of the questionnaire and in the application itself.
In order to provide contact details for competitors and customers in electronic format please use the following template:
Questionnaires in a market investigation are sent out electronically on the basis of this template. It is therefore essential that you do not deviate from the template in order to avoid any delay in the market investigation. For merger investigations, please always submit the contact details in advance as a draft together with the draft Form CO.


text:
How would our finances be split if courts are to decide?(5 Posts)
kittycat68 Thu 14-Mar-13 13:25:22
GoldenMama Thu 14-Mar-13 09:18:03
Collaborate Wed 13-Mar-13 19:50:38
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The developer will review, analyze, implement, and modify aspects of approved applications. The developer will write code, complete documentation and unit test systems and applications.
Duties and responsibilities include, but are not limited to:
More about SumTotal: SumTotal Systems is the global leader in strategic human capital management (HCM) software, and offers an integrated line of solutions dedicated to managing companies' most valuable asset- its people. As the largest and most profitable independent HCM company in the industry and recognized by analysts as the most complete solution, SumTotal is proud to include over half of the Fortune 500 as our customers. We are looking for people who are passionate, dedicated, and motivated by lifelong learning. We provide each employee not just a competitive salary structure, bonuses, and a benefits plan, but also a chance to develop your talent. If you're creative, forward thinking, and have a passion for excellence, SumTotal is the right place for you. For more information, please check out www.sumtotalsystems.com.
SumTotal Systems is an EEO/AA employer.


text:
'Nunsense: The Megamusical'
7:30 p.m. today and Saturday, Historic Crawford Schoolhouse, Crawford
Arts!Oglethorpe presents the musical comedy of five enterprising nuns who create a greeting card line and stage a variety show to raise money for their order. Doors open 30 minutes prior to show time. The show also will run Thursday through Saturday. Tickets are $10 in advance and $15 at the door. (706) 354-1339 or www.artsoglethorpe.org.
Page Campbell, Dancer vs. Politician
8:30 p.m., Flicker Theatre and Bar
Campbell is a vocalist for Hope For Agoldensummer and Dark Meat. Athens meets Berlin as Dancer vs. Politician, led by Sanni Baumg rtner, who plays orchestral pop with the accordion, musical saw, viola and glockenspiel in addition to guitars, drums and bass. Whether she's singing in English of German, Baumg rtner has a softly beautiful and enchanting voice. www.myspace.com/dancerversuspolitician.
© 2017. All Rights Reserved. | Contact Us


text: Just to put the advertising slump in Britain and the States in perspective, note this: ad revenues in South Korea fell by 50% in the first two months of this year, with TV, radio, newspapers and magazines all suffering significant declines. According to Nielsen, ad expenditure in print media fell from £272m in January and February compared to £105m in the first two months of 2008. (Via WARC)


text:
The NYPD is seeking the public's help in identifying a suspect wanted for a bias assault on a subway rider.
Police say the rider was attacked on a 7 train last Sunday.
They say the suspect approached the 43-year-old victim, punched him in the face and then made anti-Mexican statements.
The suspect fled at the Court Square Station in Queens.
The victim suffered a lacerated lip and bruises to the nose.
Police released a photo and sketch of the suspect and asked anyone with information about the incident to call Crime Stoppers hotline at 1-800-577-TIPS.
Published at 7:11 AM EST on Feb 28, 2014


text:
ARIZARD-L ArchivesArchiver > ARIZARD > 2006-09 > 1159139900
From: "Vera Reeves" <>
Subject: [ARIZARD] Green - WW I
Date: Sun, 24 Sep 2006 18:18:20 -0500
References: <firstname.lastname@example.com>
The Calico Rock Progress is a newspaper of Calico Rock, Izard County.
Calico Rock is on the bank of the White River and just across the river is
Stone County.
Maybe they had a Calico Rock mailing address ? ? ? ?
> When I found the World War 1 Registrations for all of Alva Green's
> sons, George Washington Green was living in Calico Rock, Stone Co., AR.
> The other three, Thomas J, Marion F. and Edwin R. Green were all living in
> Boyle, Stone Co., AR. Just curious, is the Calico Rock newspaper from
> Calico Rock, Stone Co., AR?
> Marguerette
This thread:
|[ARIZARD] Green - WW I by "Vera Reeves" <>


text:
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text:
Hi there~
I was really enjoying using my Wii to play SNES games unavailable on the WiiShop like Yoshi's Island, but then I ran into a problem (a rather self-caused problem, but still). I renamed the .smc file in my 'roms' folder because the original name was very messy and I wanted things to look a bit more clean. In doing this, however, the .smc no longer reads the save files (both save states and regular saves). This is kinda annoying.
So then, logically, I went into my saves folder and just renamed all the files to go with the new name I had given the .smc. Still no luck~ So I then renamed the .smc and all its save files back to their original names, copy & pasted straight from the .zip they came from. Again, no luck.
The save files are obviously still there, so I refuse to believe they can't be accessed somehow... I just need help with how exactly to do that.
Please reply if you can help in any way, it'd be greatly appreciated (and I'll never change .smc filenames after starting a game ever again! )
Try getting a new copy of the rom. I'm not sure if it'll help, but it may. The save files for those games should be universal, so if you get a new copy of the rom, it may work? Just an idea.


text:
With the middle of June, comes the end of school. For kids that means its time for summer vacation. For parents, it is wondering what to do with the kids. Scary Mom talks about her memories of summer camp, and how she wishes she could have been a "camp kid."
City Girl reflects on the one year anniversary of her cancer diagnosis. Instead of feeling sad, she turns her post into one of hope and talks about the things she is thankful for over the past year. She is truly an inspiration.
Unpopped Collar saw the rainbow I was hoping to see on Friday and captured it on camera. From the Nationals' Stadium. Pretty cool pic.
Sometimes it is hard to be an adult. Especially when you remember all the carefree things that came with being a kid. Ice-cream trucks, family dinners, safe neighborhoods. Phnx65 lists things that she misses…and after reading her list, I can almost guarantee you will wish you were still 8 years old.


text:
Senator Jim Webb (D-VA) made the following statement in advance of the four-year anniversary tomorrow of the Post-9/11 G.I. Bill being signed into law:
"Saturday marks the four-year anniversary of the landmark Post-9/11 G.I. Bill, which I was privileged to introduce on my first day in office. We began with a simple concept--that those serving since 9/11 should have the same opportunity for a first-class future as those who served during World War II. I'm very proud to say that we were able to do that and it continues to be a great investment in the future of our country through the people who have served.
"In the 1940s, the first G.I. Bill helped transform notions of equality in American society. However, benefits awarded under subsequent G.I. bills were not as expansive as the original bill. The Post-9/11 G.I. Bill is the best veterans' educational program in history. It pays for tuition, books and a monthly stipend in order to give our veterans a first-class shot at the future.
"Since May 2009, more than 1.2 million people have applied to use the Post-9/11 G.I. Bill, and more than 745,000 have used the benefit, many of whom would not have had the opportunity to attend college otherwise. Educated veterans not only have an easier transition and readjustment experience, but they boast higher income levels, which in the long run increase tax revenues.
"We can all take pride in saying that we have made a proper investment in the future of those who, since 9/11, have given so much to this country."
Signed into law on June 30, 2008 and implemented three years ago, the Post-9/11 G.I. Bill offers returning service members up to 36 months of benefits including payment of tuition, fees and educational costs, plus a monthly housing allowance while enrolled in full-time training.
In 2012, Senator Webb introduced bipartisan legislation to protect the integrity of the Post-9/11 G.I. Bill from widely reported abuses by certain schools. In the interest of preserving the greatest G.I. Bill veterans and servicemembers have ever had, his legislation would require schools participating in educational assistance programs through both the Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense to meet the same educational standards currently required for Title IV federal programs, such as Pell Grants.
Senator Webb served as a combat Marine in Vietnam and later as counsel to the House Committee on Veterans Affairs. He served five years in the Pentagon as a Marine, an assistant secretary of defense and as Secretary of the Navy. In the U.S. Senate, Senator Webb currently chairs the Personnel Subcommittee of the Armed Services Committee and sits on the Veterans Affairs Committee.
Source: http://webb.senate.gov/newsroom/pressreleases/2012-06-29.cfm


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So you made it to Week 15. Congratulations. That either means you won a quarterfinal game or your league's playoffs begin this week. This time of the year there is not usually that much to find on the waiver wire that will be of that much...
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Follow WE Fest online
Forum reporter John Lamb will be covering WE Fest live throughout the week. Read his reports from the Soo Pass Ranch at wefest.areavoices.com, where he'll be posting photos, music information and random tidbits from the annual country music festival.
The site can also post your photos and tweets from WE Fest. Just add the hashtag "#wefest" to all Twitter entries or upload your photos to Flickr and use the "wefest" tag. We'll feature your posts on the WE Fest AreaVoices blog.
WE Fest kicks off its annual country music party this Thursday at Soo Pass Ranch, outside of Detroit Lakes, Minn. And while there's a little bit of rock 'n' roll on the bill - the southern rock act Lynyrd Skynyrd, there's enough country music to keep traditional and new-school country fans happy. Here's the festival's lineup of musicians.
* 2:45-3:45 p.m.: Troubadour
* 4:15-5:45 p.m.: Jerrod Niemann
* 6:15-7:45 p.m.: The Charlie Daniels Band
* 8:30-10 p.m.: Blake Shelton
* 10:45 p.m.-2:15 a.m.: Brad Paisley
* 12:15 a.m.: Lost Highway*
* 2:45-3:45 p.m.: Hitchville
* 4:15-5:15 p.m.: Sunny Sweeney
* 5:45-7:45 p.m.: Willie Nelson
* 8:30-10 p.m.: Lynyrd Skynyrd
* 10:45 p.m.-12:15 a.m.: Sugarland
* 12:15 a.m.: Hitchville*
* 2:45-3:45 p.m.: Rocket Club
* 4:15-5:45 p.m.: Easton Corbin
* 6:15-7:45 p.m.: Darius Rucker
* 8:30-10 p.m.: Miranda Lambert
* 10:45 p.m.-12:15 a.m.: Rascal Flatts
* 12:15 a.m.: Rocket Club*
*Ranch stage


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The champagne was flowing and the glass was stuck in between a tight ass. The ladies always out number the dudes, and they were hornier than nobodies business. All you have to do is just pull your cock out and the vixens will come in more ways then one. Voodoo got a hold of Jennavie and her pussy got a hold of his cock. She moaned and screamed in pleasure because her pussy was so tight. J Mac was in heaven when two young girls were bobbing on his cock. Both guys sprayed their loads all over the place. The girls were smiling for the rest of the night.


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A walk-through on how I created my Avatar drawing.
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i finish blotching the body
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i blotch another character
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i botch a face
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adding more to the girl
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finished blotching character two
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i blur the character into the background to make a 3d affect and i'm finished :)
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Join a District Chapter
To take full advantage of membership in CPSA, we encourage you to join a local District Chapter. The organization supports a network of almost 30 chapters in cities around the United States. They provide CPSA members with opportunities to network with other colored pencil artists, take workshops, and participate in shows at the local level. Even if there is no chapter nearby, you can learn a lot from receiving a newsletter.
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Thompson: Infusion of lottery money could help K-12 schools103005 opinion3Athens Banner-HeraldIt was the Land Rover that did it.--> Thompson: Infusion of lottery money could help K-12 schools | | Story updated at 10:27 PM on Sunday, October 30, 2005
more Thompson columns
It was the Land Rover that did it.
There it was, all green and hulking - in a stylish way, of course - and motoring down the short section of Foundry Street between East Broad and Oconee streets, piloted by a young woman probably on her way to class at the University of Georgia.
That moment had, in fairness, been preceded by other moments of gawking at the shiny hunks of Detroit and foreign metal driven by young people in this town who, on their own, would have trouble scrounging up the change for even a non-designer cup of coffee. But it was in that moment, as the Land Rover made its way past me, that it became clear the state's lottery-funded HOPE college scholarship program had ridden off the rails.
Let's face it. A family with the coin to put little Ashley into a big Land Rover (the LR3 starts off at a suggested $38,950), or to send Trey off to school in a spanking new BMW Z4 ($34,995 for the base model), hardly needs help paying tuition, room and board at the University of Georgia.
In round numbers, including an estimated few hundred dollars for books, a semester at the University of Georgia will cost an in-state student somewhere around $6,000 to $7,000. For the current semester, the HOPE scholarship will cover tuition and a portion of other fees, eventually covering about a third of that $6-7K nut.
The Land Rover LR3? With a $2,500 down payment, and a loan at a low 5 percent, slightly more than $800 a month for 48 months. The Beemer? With a $2,000 trade-in and a $2,500 downpayment, and the same 5 percent loan, about the same as the Land Rover, but with six months less to pay.
So, what has this little foray into mathematics taught us?
An important lesson, which is: Of the UGA students driving new or nearly new high-end vehicles, a good number certainly come from families who can afford college without seriously denting the family pocketbook.
Yet, with an assist from the state's lawmakers, who stripped the income qualifications from the program some years ago, those families have come to see the HOPE scholarship as an entitlement. Which is not to say they don't deserve it. But it does prompt an interesting question.
What if part, or even all, of the state's lottery-generated funds were steered away from HOPE to the state's K-12 education system?
Of course, steering all lottery money to the K-12 program would eliminate the state's successful pre-kindergarten program. But let's look at the math anyway. For the 2005 fiscal year, lottery proceeds steered to education totaled $802,083,000. Divide that by 182 (the number of public school systems in the state) and you find that for this year alone, if all lottery proceeds went to the state's K-12 school systems, each would have received $4,407,049.45. That's not necessarily a princely sum, in terms of school budgets. For purposes of comparison, the Clarke County School District's budget for this school year is just this side of $100 million. But $4.4 million is a chunk of change.
And let's not stop the math lesson just yet. Let's just suppose that instead of distributing the money equally to all the state's school systems, it gets sent to the 25 poorest systems. At that point, the numbers get pretty staggering, with each of those school systems getting $32 million.
Of course, not all HOPE recipients are in a position to attend college without the significant aid provided by the scholarship, and the numbers cited above regarding lottery funding of K-12 education are the bluest of blue-sky figuring.
Still, in a state whose legislators and education officials currently are bickering over whether a 3 percent sales tax might replace local sales taxes in funding public school systems - at a level that has kept the state at or near the bottom in average SAT scores - it may be time to take a look at ways of milking the cash cow that is lottery to benefit at least some the state's K-12 students.
Jim Thompson is editorial page editor of the Athens Banner-Herald. He can be contacted at (706) 208-2222 or by e-mail at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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Learn exactly what to do (or not do) about high cholesterol.
Cut through the confusion and hype, avoid unnecessary drugs and prevent heart disease naturally.
- Have you been diagnosed with "high cholesterol"?
- Are you wondering whether you should take the statin your doctor prescribed?
- Are you wondering what tests you should get to determine your risk of heart disease?
- Has your cholesterol shot up after starting a low-carb or Paleo/Primal diet?
- Are you looking for ways to prevent heart disease naturally, without drugs
Why both sides of the cholesterol debate are wrong (and how choosing a side could put you at risk)
As a clinician that consults with patients around the world, and the creator of a popular health-related blog (chriskresser.com) and radio show (Revolution Health Radio), I get a lot of questions about cholesterol. It's no wonder people are confused: there's so much conflicting information out there, and a lot of it is wrong.
The discussion of cholesterol and its role in heart disease has become polarized over the past decade. On the one hand you have the "cholesterol believers," who claim that cholesterol is an evil nutrient that causes heart disease and we should get it as low as we possibly can. On the other you have the "cholesterol skeptics" who claim that cholesterol has nothing to do with heart disease, and we shouldn't even bother measuring it. So who's right?
As is often the case with polarized issues, the truth lies somewhere in the middle. The understanding of what causes heart disease has evolved significantly over the past ten years, and the relationship between cholesterol and heart disease is far more complex and nuanced than either side lets on. Unfortunately, the two extremes (the believers & the skeptics) are still driving the debate. This means that some people that need treatment aren't getting it, and some people that don't need treatment are getting too much.
I've spent thousands of hours studying the science so you don't have to.
I created the High Cholesterol Action Plan to offer a middle-ground perspective based more on research and less on dogma. Over the past five years I've read over 750 peer-reviewed studies, consulted with experts in the field and challenged everything I thought I knew about this topic. And now I want to share what I've learned with you so you can make smart decisions about protecting yourself and those you love from heart disease.
After completing the program, you will know:
- What a normal cholesterol level really is (it's not what you think)
- When high cholesterol is a problem - and when it's not
- The little-known causes of high cholesterol, and how to treat them
- Exactly which tests to get, and how to interpret the results
- How to lower your cholesterol with diet & lifestyle changes
- Which supplements are beneficial, and which to avoid
- Whether statin drugs are a good choice for you or your loved ones
There's no other program like this, and the information I cover in this course isn't available in books or even through university or graduate-level courses. I've spent more than five years and hundreds - if not thousands - of hours analyzing and synthesizing seemingly endless amounts of data into a concise, practical and effective action plan you can follow.
In fact, after finishing the High Cholesterol Action Plan, you'll know more about cholesterol and its relationship to heart disease than 99.5% of people on the planet - including many medical professionals. This isn't because clinicians aren't smart or don't care about their patients. It's because this material isn't taught in medical schools, and the field has changed so rapidly in the past several years that it's hard for doctors and patients to keep up.
Chris delivers a thoughtful and thorough evidenced-based approach to our modern health problems. The High Cholesterol Action Plan takes into account genetics and individual variations along with the state of the art evidence about cholesterol treatment and heart disease. It's a program I would follow for myself or my family should the need arise, and I would take to my personal physician with confidence.
Emily Deans
Clinical Instructor, M.D. Harvard Medical School
Chris Kresser has distilled complex cholesterol theory down to an easy-to-understand format. A wonderful resource for health care practitioners and patients alike.
Cynthia Li, MD - Berkeley, CA
Integrative Medicine
The high cholesterol action plan includes:
Over 5 hours of multimedia video presentation, broken into 9 weekly modules
A PDF transcript of the presentation
An MP3 audio recording of the presentation
A step-by-step action plan to help you create a practical, personalized plan
Quick-reference "cheat sheets" on everything from testing to supplements to discussion points for your doctor's visit
Free Bonus Content! Interviews with prominent experts on weight regulation, sleep, movement and other aspects of a heart-healthy lifestyle, and a quick-reference poster with tips for optimizing your health
The high cholesterol action plan is an 9-week course, with one module delivered each week.
There's no rush to finish the modules each week. You'll continue to have access to the previous weeks' content on an ongoing basis.
Week 1
How Heart Disease Develops (Part 1)
In these first two modules we lay the groundwork for the rest of the course by covering important cholesterol basics and debunking common myths about cholesterol and heart disease. In Part 1 you'll learn the two crucial - but little known - factors that drive the process of heart disease.
Week 2
How Heart Disease Develops (Part 2)
In this module, we continue Part 2 of our discussion of what really causes high cholesterol and heart disease. We'll cover the 4 primary causes of high cholesterol and heart disease as well as the 4 main causes of oxidative damage.
Week 3
How to determine your risk of heart disease (Part 1)
In this module we begin by discussing the standard lipid panel, including which markers are useful and which aren't. You'll learn what a normal cholesterol level really is (it may not be what you think); which newer cholesterol tests you should get and how to interpret them, and which tests you shouldn't bother with.
Week 4
How to determine your risk of heart disease (Part 2)
In this module you'll learn about additional tests that are used to determine heart disease risk – including Lp(a), CRP, LpPLA2, homocysteine, iron panel with ferritin, blood sugar markers and calcium scans – who should get them, and how to interpret the results.
Week 5
Heart-healthy diet and lifestyle (Part 1)
In this module you'll learn the basic principles of a truly heart-healthy diet and lifestyle, including which foods to eat, which to avoid, and which dietary changes are most important.
Week 6
Heart-healthy diet and lifestyle (Part 2)
In this module you'll learn about other important dietary and lifestyle factors that help protect against heart disease, such as basic supplementation, exercise and stress management.
Week 7
Separating fact from fiction about statins
In this module you'll learn how statins work, what effects they have on different populations (like men with and without heart disease, women and the elderly), what side effects and risks they have, and how to minimize those side effects & risks if you are taking them.
Week 8
Natural heart disease prevention
In this module you'll learn about medicinal foods, supplements, botanicals and nutrients that have been shown to reduce cholesterol and improve other biomarkers associated with heart disease.
Week 9
Create your personalized Action Plan
In this final module I'll take you through a step-by-step process for creating your own personalized action plan. This is the culmination of everything we've covered in the program so far, translated into a practical and easy-to-follow roadmap for preventing heart disease and avoiding unnecessary drugs and surgery.
Author of NY Times Bestseller The Paleo Solution
Chris Kresser's High Cholesterol Action Plan would benefit all of those whom I teach including patients, students, and residents. Everyone needs to have improved understanding of the biochemistry of cholesterol, the risks of both low and high cholesterol, and the ways in which we can improve our health through appropriate cholesterol management. Chris has the unique ability of explaining the complex and making it seem simple without reducing out the important details.
C. Rick Henriksen, MD, MPP - Salt Lake City, Utah
Clinical Instructor, University of Utah School of Medicine
Chris Kresser has created a vitally important program that helps you navigate this complex topic. The program helps you possess a deep understanding of lifestyle factors that really matter, and it provides an excellent decision framework to navigate your own blood values. Scientifically based and comprehensive, the HCAP program will empower you with confidence and command of this topic and ultimately, help you work with your health care providers to ensure the best outcome for you.
Dan Pardi - San Francisco, CA
CEO of Dan's Plan and Ph.D candidate, Leiden University
30-Day, No Questions Asked,
100% Money-back Guarantee!
My grandfather on my mother's side died prematurely from heart disease, in large part because of poor advice from his doctors and an unnecessary surgery that he never recovered from. I don't want that to happen to you or anyone you care about.
That's why I'm offering a 30-day, 100% money-back guarantee. I want to eliminate any possible barriers that might stand in the way of you taking this course. In short, I want you to see this as the no-brainer it is.
Here's how it works. Sign up today using one of the two payment plans, and you'll get instant access to the first module. Each week you'll gain access to a new module. If for any reason you don't feel like you've received your money's worth during the first 30 days, simply contact support using the "Support" tab within the customer area and we'll credit you back 100% of your tuition with no questions asked.
This program manual is not intended to provide medical advice or to take the place of medical advice and treatment from your personal physician. Readers are advised to consult their own doctors or other qualified health professionals regarding the treatment of medical conditions. The author shall not be held liable or responsible for any misunderstanding or misuse of the information contained in this program manual or for any loss, damage, or injury caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by any treatment, action, or application of any food or food source discussed in this program manual. The statements in this program manual have not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.


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Gunslinger Girl - Complete Collection [Viridian Collection] (DVD)
Title: Gunslinger Girl - Complete Collection [Viridian Collection]
Volume: DVD
Running time: 100
Distributor: FUNimation Entertainment
Release date: 2007-11-13
Suggested retail price: $39.98
Age rating: 13+
Officially, the Social Welfare Agency is a government sponsored corporation that's in the business of saving lives. In reality, it's an agency on the fringe of technology. They give terminal patients another shot at life using cybernetic implants. This conditioning process then shapes the patient into an efficient machine for handling all of the government's dirty work.
Having survived the brutal slaughter of her family, Henrietta awakens to her new life at the agency with a re-built body and no memory of the past. She has been teamed with her handler Jose, who is responsible for her training and conditioning, turning her into the perfect killing machine. Henrietta strives to find her place within the agency, doing her best to win Jose's affection. But can Jose control her? Can he balance the needs and desires between the assassin and the developing adolescent?
As part of the Viridian ("green") line, this set comes packaged in a non-Amaray cardboard case (consisting of at least 30% recycled material) to reduce its environmental impact.
Contains all 13 episodes.
Spoken Languages: English, Japanese, English subtitles.
(added on 2007-09-14, modified on 2007-09-14)
- Reviewed in Shelf Life (January 21, 2008)
- Encyclopedia information about Gunslinger Girl (TV)


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"I have to show you my junk drawer."
The true measure of a great kitchen remodel.
Marcia Levy pulls open the drawer. It is wide and flat, and inside are 18 compartments.
"Before, I had no idea we had all of these thingies," she says dangling in midair one of six measuring tapes in the — what else? — measuring-tape compartment. Others are loaded with chip clips, scissors, pens, stickers, tape, flashlights. More.
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"I love this," she says, pushing the drawer shut.
Next it's off to view the garbage-recycle cabinet. And the utensil drawer, eight sections holding spatulas, whisks, spoons. More.
For the most part, Marcia and her husband, Mark, have loved life over the past 20 years in their big, old 1919 Craftsman in the Seward Park neighborhood. Private yard at the end of a private road, large lawn ringed with flowers and trees, all of it splayed before a real Southern belle of a front porch.
It was just the small, dark outdated kitchen that couldn't keep up with a couple who really cooks. It needed rescuing. Something sleek, warm and functional. And that is just what interior designer Alexa Milton did.
Marcia wanted a modern kitchen in lime green, but one that also would suit the old house. Milton did that with custom lime-stained maple cabinets, white subway tile, fawn maple floors, fossil-flecked limestone counters and LED lights in recessed stripes.
Marcia wanted a kitchen where both she and Mark, and sometimes guests, too, could cook together. Milton did that with a bump-out and a new island with a prep sink.
Marcia wanted a place to dump boots, shoes and groceries, and to hang Mark's many coats. Milton did that by adding a mudroom.
But what makes the Levys' new kitchen a real thing of beauty is the storage. In the drawers and cabinets, on the shelves and in the pullout pantry.
"This is one of my favorites," says Mark, opening the pots-and-pans drawer beneath the Wolf cooktop.
In response, Marcia opens the spice drawer, angled slots to keep jars snug. Below that? A home for the cookie sheets and baking racks.
She opens the knife drawer. He pulls out the oils-and-vinegars caddie. She reveals the serving plates. He counters with the flour-sugar-rice pullout. Muffin and bread pans. Mixing bowls. Grators and strainers. Copper lids. Cast-iron lids. Cuisinart and grinder.
And we're not done yet.
"Over here is our pantry thingie," Marcia says. She opens bins for onions and potatoes set into a cabinet next to the Liebherr refrigerator. "I had them cut a hole in the back to circulate fresh air. They last a whole lot longer that way."
She heads for another pantry, a pullout, past shelves packed with cookbooks. "At first I thought a walk-in pantry, but I love this way better, because everything is at eye level, and it takes up way less space."
There is one more place to see, and we do it from below as Marcia reaches overhead and throws open a drawer. "I had them make the bottoms acrylic so we can see what's inside." Coffee, bread-making gear.
In his retirement from the paint business, Mark has become concerned with crumb and crust, honing his skills as a bread baker. He even called King Arthur for help on a recipe (packing the flour too tight, they told him).
His hobby, and the space to pursue it, please his foodie wife.
"We thought of everything we could, storagewise," Marcia says.
"Cuz we're not doing this again," says Mark.
Doesn't look like they'll need to.
Rebecca Teagarden writes about architecture and design for Pacific NW magazine. Benjamin Benschneider is a magazine staff photographer.


text:
1 (12-ounce) package butterscotch chips
7 tablespoons water
2 teaspoons vanilla
2 cups whipping cream
1/4 cup powdered sugar
Toppings of choice (chocolate shavings, nuts, cookie garnish)
Melt butterscotch chips and water in saucepan over medium-low heat, stirring frequently.
Whisk in the vanilla. Allow to cool.
Whip the cream. Add the powdered sugar. On low beater, stir in the butterscotch mixture. Scoop the mousse into a clear glass bowl and top with favorite condiments.
Makes 6 servings.
PER SERVING: Calories 573 (67% fat), Fat 43 g (30 g sat), Cholesterol 160 mg, Sodium 132 mg, No fiber, Carbohydrates 70 g, No protein
SOURCE: Jane Jarrell


text: Sometimes I get nutty ideas, bear with me. Recently I saw something quite clever, a person had run exposures together on a holga, by partially winding or taking out the winder or such. I am drawing a blank on the name of the young lady who did this, maybe Scott can remember her name, she was at Art-o-matic last year. Adrienne or something like that. Anyway, it seems a fairly simple technique. And the result was quite special. Hence my proposal: we get as many of us onto one roll as possible, continuously, without breaking the frame. A holga with winder ripped off or whatever is passed until the film ends. The roll of film captures a seamless group portrait, which will then be contact printed. Now, I don't know if this is too hard. Might anybody have a holga and be able to comment on the likelihood of success? I mean, we'd have to roughly agree on exposure and such, but I think as long as the exposures overlap slightly, I guess the result will be of interest.