text:
Puts in the Shadow
In the aftermath of the Lehman crisis, payouts (i.e., taxpayer bailouts) in various forms were provided by governments to a variety of financial institutions and markets that were outside the regulatory perimeter - the "shadow" banking system. Although recent regulatory proposals attempt to reduce these "puts", we provide examples from non-banking activities within a bank, money market funds, Triparty repo, OTC derivatives market, collateral with central banks, and issuance of floating rate notes etc., that these risks remain. We suggest that a regulatory environment where puts are not ambiguous will likely lower the cost of bail-outs after a crisis.
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
|Date of creation:
|01 Sep 2012
|Contact details of provider:
| Postal: International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC USA
Phone: (202) 623-7000
Fax: (202) 623-4661
Web page: http://www.imf.org/external/pubind.htm
More information through EDIRC
|Order Information:
|Web: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/pubs/ord_info.htm
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Duffee, Gregory R, 1996.
" Idiosyncratic Variation of Treasury Bill Yields,"
Journal of Finance,
American Finance Association, vol. 51(2), pages 527-551, June.
- Gregory R. Duffee, 1994. "Idiosyncratic variation of Treasury bill yields," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 94-28, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
- Patrick E. McCabe & Marco Cipriani & Michael Holscher & Antoine Martin, 2012. "The minimum balance at risk: a proposal to mitigate the systemic risks posed by money market funds," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2012-47, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
- Patrick E. McCabe & Marco Cipriani & Michael Holscher & Antoine Martin, 2012. "The minimum balance at risk: a proposal to mitigate the systemic risks posed by money market funds," Staff Reports 564, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
- Adam Copeland & Antoine Martin & Michael Walker, 2010. "The tri-party repo market before the 2010 reforms," Staff Reports 477, Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)
This item is not listed on Wikipedia, on a reading list or among the top items on IDEAS.
When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:imf:imfwpa:12/229. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.
For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: (Jim Beardow)or (Hassan Zaidi)
If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.
If references are entirely missing, you can add them using this form.
If the full references list an item that is present in RePEc, but the system did not link to it, you can help with this form.
If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.
Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.


text:
My application works with binary data.
What is the best way to save it?
Oracle database or filesystem? I need certain arguments.
Binary data (2 messages)
- Posted by: Daniel Travin
- Posted on: April 07 2004 04:53 EDT
Threaded Messages (2)
- Binary data by Paul Strack on April 07 2004 20:26 EDT
- Binary data by Jirawat Uttayaya on April 07 2004 20:59 EDT
Binary data[ Go to top ]
It depends on the size of the data. Pushing large sets of binary set in and out of the database as BLOBs can be awkward. In that case, files might be better. You loose transaction support though.
- Posted by: Paul Strack
- Posted on: April 07 2004 20:26 EDT
- in response to Daniel Travin
If the binary data is small in size, or needs to be updated in a transactional manner, use the database.
Binary data[ Go to top ]
Then only time siZe should be a factor is between 2GB and 4GB
- Posted by: Jirawat Uttayaya
- Posted on: April 07 2004 20:59 EDT
- in response to Paul Strack
Solaris at the very least needs special utilities to deal with
largefile over 2 GB. Oracle BLOBs can be 4GB.
The main criteria I use is if the file has to be shared.
If many systems need access to it, like multiple apps or
the same app in a cluster, Oracle BLOBs are the way to go.
Sharing a file system requires either a NFS or Samba mount or rsync
both of which can get convoluted.
Jirawat Uttayaya

subset: commoncrawl


text:
My Nonprofit Reviews
Review for Cherish Foundation, Hyderabad, , India
I have been to this organization few times and I celebrated my son and wife birth day here. I interacted with children and they are growing very well in a good environment. They have shown their love and affection. It's great joy, happiness moments to spend time with children.
More Feedback
I've personally experienced the results of this organization in...
I have been to this organization multiple times. They organization is growing well and taking care of the children very well. All children are feeling like their home and getting good education.
If I had to make changes to this organization, I would...
I would like to see the children having good health, physical exercise and lot of sports activities in addition to the providing good education
Was your donation impactful?
How likely is it that you would recommend that a friend donate to this group?
How likely are you to donate to this group again?
When was your last experience with this nonprofit?
What specific problem, purpose, priority, or project prompted your gift?
My purpose in life to help the orphans. I like to serve the people.
Why did you make your donation at this time?
My purpose in life to help the orphans. I like to serve the people.
What would you tell others about this organization?
Definitely this is one of good organization and growing kids well in this environment.


text:
Ur ****ed. Seek employment elsewhere.
So its been about two weeks since i smoked the ganjj, but before that I was a somewhat frequent toker.
Well anyways, I have an interview with some big company in a few weeks and I know for sure that pending me even being able to get this job, I will be subject to a hair test(says 90-180 days). I am gonna get my hair buzzed in the next few days, and I am not exactly when my test would be. Probably earliest april-may. I am really freaking out because I obviously can't lose an internship over something so stupid. I guess if there is anyone that knows a way i can get it out sooner? Or any advice on this stuff? I'm obviously done with weed for life now as I can never deal with a risk like this again.
Last edited by CTJetFan92; 03-02-2012 at 11:52 PM.
Ur ****ed. Seek employment elsewhere.
out of all the tests for marijuana it lasts the longest on your hair. approximately 3 months.
if you get a haircut you should be fine.
Stuff lasts in you for about 3 months. Companies who test can report you to whatever company asks for a period of 2 years. Be careful, and make sure you do the right thing.
if you get two haircuts by the time you take the test you will be fine. obviously just don't smoke at all until then.
but hopefully you don't get the job so you can just smoke and not have to worry about it, right?
Legit question...not sure why it's in the dump. I think I can guess who dumped it.
Hair test for a job! wow this one is new to me. what kind of job you getting man? scientist?
I'm going to go start a thread titled 'how can I get away with being utterly ****f@ced and driving 20 miles home' and see how it goes...
The next day, I'll ask for more advice on how to remove what appears to be a homeless man from my front windshield who seems fairly talkative for a guy that entered my vehicle accidentally and is face first in leather, bleeding out slowly...
Perhaps then I'll ask if anyone is interested in hiding the body...
I am a chemical engineer. And if I can handle my **** well enough to have a 3.4 at Virginia Tech why should it matter if I smoke before I go to bed? Or go out to a party? The only difference is it stays in my hair for three months.
It's obvious you have never smoked, ignorance is key I suppose. I am not an addict as I quit once this came up. The argument could be made that this is a privacy issue. But whatever, I understand that the business world I will enter in a few years has a zero tolerance policy, so I probably won't smoke again. I was just asking for help about getting this out of my system as soon as possible. Sorry to offend you
From what I've heard, the haircuts won't make a difference - the reason it stays in your hair for 3 months is because it stays in your fat cells for 3 months, and your hair follicles are surrounded by fat cells - so when your hair grows through, it has the residue, however minute. I've heard of people tring to beat it with buzz cuts or full bald, they just take an arm hair or eyebrow (because it's easier to pluck than a hair with only a small fraction of an inch showing or none at all). Your best bet is to abstain, take the test, and see what happens; if you fail, you can usually appeal, by which time hopefully you'll be clean.
I would think some cleansing/flushing couldn't hurt either, to hasten the process of elimination.
Or get a job in advertising, where even the suits usually smoke.
Sent from my DROIDX using Tapatalk
I gave such an elaborate, unrealistic scenario so the point would be realized easier... Discussing something illegal like 'help me pass a piss test' or in this case, 'hair test', probably doesn't fall in line with what advertisers want to see on a football forum...
But hey, keep fighting the good fight Cheech...


text:
Formal EducationSolar System Math (Grades: 5-8)
"Solar System Math" is a series of four classroom lessons centered on pre-algebra topics such as measurement, unit conversion, ratio and proportion, scale, data analysis, and data representation. The downloadable software application, "What's the Difference," supports the lessons with engaging multimedia that accurately illustrates the size, distance and composition of the bodies in our solar system.
The Voyage Scale Model Solar System (PDF, 543 KB) (Grades: 9-12)
Informal EducationRed Nickel Scale Model (Grades: 5-8, 9-12)
Solar System Ambassador Kevin Sullivan uses a few coins and some paint to explain the fundamentals of solar system scale and distance.
Pocket Solar System (Grades: 5-8, 9-12)
Worlds in Comparison: Play-Doh Planets (Grades: 5-8, 9-12)


text:
Oy Vey! Something went wrong. We are very sorry, please try again later.
27 Centimeter Kiddush Fountain with EngravingsProduct ID: KDF-JA-6977
Temporarily out of stock
Sorry! The quantity is limited to two items only.
In accordance with our shipping policy
Chat with a Judaica expert Click Here
Similar Products
27 Centimeter Kiddush Fountain with Engravings
This 27 centimeter Kiddush fountain with engravings features eight cups.
Material Nickel
Dimensions 27cm
Estimated processing time: 2-3 Business Days.
Your order's processing time is the estimated number of days that it will take for your order to be prepared for shipment from our Israel-based fulfillment center.
27 Centimeter Kiddush Fountain with Engravings
This traditional set has some surprising features. The Kiddush cup on top of the fountain features a rim created from raised piano key shaped bands. A unique half ring design with a bead in the center tops each key in this octagonal pattern. The very short stem develops into a grand base repeating the octagonal and half ring feature as well as a tiny beaded design at the very bottom. The saucer has been mottled and has large half rings in an almost rainbow shape with a surprising whimsical splash of beads. This would make a fantastic Bar Mitzvah gift!


text:
Times Square to get bollards to stop attacks
Some old nautical-styled items are going to be incorporated into the modern pedestrian-friendly Times Square to beef up security at a place once targeted for a terrorist attack.
City officials will be putting out bids soon for the installation of decorative and sturdy bollards, steel posts embedded into the ground, to stop vehicles from crashing -- either by accident or on purpose -- into the pedestrian mall at the "Crossroads of the World."
Bollards, originally used on ships and docks as mooring posts to secure lines, started popping up around the city after the first World Trade Center attack in 1993 as a way of keeping car bombs away from municipal buildings. They ring areas around City Hall, the federal court houses and key intersections. They are still used at docks.
When the pedestrian mall areas on the streets of Times Square were first set up, police installed concrete plant holders as temporary impediments to vehicles, said NYPD spokesman Paul Browne.
"We think and agree with design people that this can be done in an effective and more aesthetically pleasing way," he said.
The plan envisioned by the city Department of Design and Construction is to place the bollards at the edges of the pedestrian zones in the Times Square area at the cross streets to block vehicles. Planners also want low-lying granite security walls that will double as bench seating areas along Seventh Avenue. Bids are being solicited for supplying the items, said a design department spokesman.
"What will emerge will be done in a thoughtful and comprehensive way to protect against both vehicular accidents as well as use of vehicles in a purposeful way," Browne said.
He was referring to vehicle bomb attacks like the one contemplated by Faisal Shahzad in May 2010. Shazad, an American citizen from Pakistan, drove a Nissan Pathfinder west on 45th Street adjacent to the pedestrian mall with the intention of setting off a crude explosive device. The vehicle, packed with 250 pounds of urea-based fertilizer, smoldered but didn't explode. Police later disarmed it. Shahzad was arrested and pleaded guilty to terrorism. He was sentenced to life in prison. He admitted he wanted to maximize his attack's effect by choosing Times Square as a target.


text:
5 Reasons to Hire An Expert For Website Optimization
As someone who is serious about making your website a success, chances are good that you have done a lot of research about search engine optimization and are looking to get started with it as soon as possible
April 16, 2014 (Newswire.com) -
Neueseo ( http://neueseocanada.ca/ ) is Canada's most trusted online marketing company. Founded in 2008 as an SEO company, Neueseo has rapidly evolved into a highly-respected, full-service digital marketing agency.
As someone who is serious about making your website a success, chances are good that you have done a lot of research about search engine optimization and are looking to get started with it as soon as possible. You probably already realize that search engine optimization is highly important if you want your website to reach its full potential and if you want to bring in plenty of website traffic, but you might not be aware of the fact that it's generally a better idea to hire a professional SEO company for the job. Before getting started with your own campaign, you should consider these five reasons for hiring a pro; you just might find that you'll be much more satisfied if you do so rather than trying to build and manage your own campaign.
1. They Have Experience
No matter how much you might have read about search engine optimization, you have to realize that it actually takes real practice and trial and error to become truly proficient in search engine optimization. This means that it could take you months or even years to get the practice that you need to run a truly successful online marketing campaign. By hiring an expert company for the job, however, you can benefit from the years' worth of experience that the professionals there have.
2. They Have the Resources
It takes resources to run a successful marketing campaign. For example, you have to have and use the right keyword research tools to determine which keywords you should use to optimize your site, and there are tools out there that can allow you to track your site's progress and more. Without these tools, it can be tricky to pull of a good campaign, but a top company will already have these resources ready.
3. You Can Get Additional Help
If you need help with more than just your website campaign, you might be surprised to find that a marketing company can provide you with more than you think. For example, many of these companies also do things like manage social media marketing campaigns and run pay-per-click advertisements. You can even often get them to help you with Web design and more. If you are looking for a full package that will allow you to create and run the best possible website, hiring a professional to help can be a good idea.
4. You Won't Have to Worry About Making Mistakes
Due to all of the many people out there who have run scam campaigns in the past in an attempt to reach the top of the search engine rankings, search engines like Google often see beginner's mistakes as Black Hat SEO tactics. For example, if you build backlinks to your site in the wrong places, your site could be penalized for it. Luckily, a real professional knows which mistakes not to make and will prevent these things from being an issue for your website.
5. It's a Solid Investment
Although you might be hesitant to spend a lot of money on an expert online marketing campaign, doing so can be a solid investment that will provide you with exponential returns in the long run.
If you haven't thought about it already, you should definitely consider these five important points when determining whether or not to do your own SEO. You will probably find that hiring a professional for assistance is a truly good idea.
Categories: Marketing
Tags: google, internet marketing, Website Optimization


text:
The eleventh-hour cancellation by esteemed American soprano Christine Brewer left the Metropolitan Opera's season-ending revival of Wagner's "Ring" cycle in crisis.
No Bruennhilde, no "Ring." And this isn't just any revival – it's the final appearance of the 20-year-old ultra-traditional production by Otto Schenk, scorned by some critics but beloved by the Met's well-heeled, conservative audience.
So the company took a desperate gamble, importing Swedish soprano Irene Theorin (pronounced ee-RAYN TAY-oh-reen), who had never before sung in the U.S.
It didn't entirely pay off. At Monday night's premiere of "Die Walkuere," Theorin started off weakly, with some shrill "ho-jo-to-hos" and underpowered vocalism in the great Annunciation of Death scene that forms the dramatic heart of Act 2. She improved considerably in Act 3, however, singing with far more command and managing high notes that, if not exactly thrilling, were centered and well-supported and had a glint of the metal that all Bruennhildes need. She moves gracefully on stage and impersonated the girlish warrior maiden as well as anyone since Hildegard Behrens, who sang when the production was new.
As is often the case in this most-popular of the four "Ring" operas, the best singing of the night came from brother-and-sister lovers Siegmund and Sieglinde. The South African tenor Johan Botha has a clarion voice that's also capable of great tenderness and makes one overlook his somewhat awkward stage bearing. Surely Botha is a candidate to take the next step in a few years into the ultimate heldentenor role of Siegfried, titular hero of the next opera in the cycle.
The great German mezzo-turned-soprano Waltraud Meier inhabits the role of Sieglinde with such intensity and rich high notes that her weakened lower register seems a small price to pay. It's astonishing that this is the first time Met audiences have gotten to see her perform the entire role, but better late than never.
The veteran American bass James Morris has been a mainstay as Wotan since this production was launched, and though his vocal powers are diminished, his regal authority and ability to cut through the orchestra at climactic moments are not. Excellent contributions were made, too, by Swiss mezzo Yvonne Naef as Wotan's nagging wife, Fricka, and by the black-voiced English bass John Tomlinson – long a formidable Wotan himself – as Sieglinde's cruel husband, Hunding.
James Levine conducted the orchestra with his customary deep feeling for the dramatic sweep as well as the more lyrical and brooding qualities in the score.
The same cast will perform "Die Walkuere" on Saturday afternoon in a performance broadcast on the radio. Theorin sings one performance as Bruennhilde in "Siegfried" on April 18, and after that the role is split between another Swedish soprano, Katarina Dalayman, and American soprano Linda Watson.
When the final curtain comes down on "Goetterdaemmerung" on May 9, the production will be dismantled to make way for a new, presumably more adventurous, "Ring" directed by Robert Lepage that will debut beginning in the 2010-11 season.
On the Net:
htttp:// http://www.metopera.org


text:
Do I need to file income tax (federal & state) for alimony (not child support) that I have been receiving yearly?
If so, how much alimony income that I must report to IRS if I have been receiving less than $9000 yearly based on this link that I found?
Thank you.
1 Answer from Attorneys
Alimony is taxable income to you and is a tax deduction to your former spouse. Whether you need to file a tax return is a question that is based on your overall income, not just the alimony. In 2012, you would probably not have to file a Federal income tax return IF you had no other income. On the other hand, you would most likely have some Illinois tax to pay.
However, don't take this as legal or tax advice since I have not reviewed your comprehensive tax situation. Please have a tax preparer review your tax situation to provide you with an accurate answer.
Good luck to you!


text:
H. 'Zulu Warrior'
by Tom Rood 2009
Deep red with vivid green throat, 3-4 way branching, 15 buds. 44" tall Mid-season 5" flower. ZULU WARRIOR is a very tall dark red attention grabbing daylily that combined with the green throat is a show stopper. SEV tetraploid (Rainbow Warrior X Salem Witch) $25


text:
Beethoven's 7th Symphony (in A major) was completed in 1812 when the composer was at the height of his powers, though very deaf by this time. Nevertheless the Symphony is full of good humour, good tunes, and a certain rhythmic power which some comentators have described as dance-like. This movement is the slow movement and exquisitely formed from a very simple musical idea. Here is the Conductor's Full Score and all the individual parts for the following instruments: Flutes, Oboes, Clarinets (in A), Bassoons, Horns (in E), Trumpets (in D), Timpani (tuned in A and E), 1st Violins, 2nd Violins, Violas, Cellos, and Basses.
Amongst related sheet music on "The Music Room" pianists may like to try this arrangement which is available in digital form for immediate download, or the Fantasia on an Ostinato by John Corigliano which is based on this music. The full scores of Symphonies 5, 6 and 7 are available in this Dover Edition.


text:
The New World Order has been defeated but the Old World Order is still fighting
Posted by Benjamin Fulford
December 24, 2012
What do Americans DO???? DO we transfer our dollars into precious metals to save the value of our money as the feds are printing 80 billion a month buying up 90% of us bonds and bailing out the banks. What the heck is going to happen? Will the world continue watching until it is clearly time to dump the dollar? How do American citizens protect themselves from the vicious and diabolical democrat and republican senators and house of reps who are puppets to the banking cartel? Please respond with view of understanding.ReplyDelete
I don't give investment advice. Besides, you'd be an idiot to take it if I did offer it, given my history of predicting markets. I am student of markets but I haven't got rich from them.
Common sense says the dollar will be devaluated against other currencies, which makes gold seem like a safe haven. However, if the Dragon family suddenly puts a huge amount of gold into the official system, what does that do to the perceived scarcity of the metal? See the conundrum of looking for a safe haven when incomplete information is available?
If your expenses are in dollars, I'd keep them in the dollars. Nobody is going to lose honestly earned money. If you got holdings overseas, well you have other matters to consider.
Wow New Zealand! I always felt that the cabal was horrible outside the US, can't imagine the suffering other worlds go through. I wish there was anything I could do, hope this all comes to and end soon. It does look like we have passed the point of no return and that the cabal will not recover to continue raining hell down on humanity. Soon all their greedy followers will realize they have lost the battle and will hopefully face the crimes they too have committed against humanity. I pray all is well and you see the brighter days ahead.They have been exposed and we will not go on as business as usual. Most of the leaders are known and are under investigation. Anyone standing with them at this time is really foolish. They fight a loosing battle and will also be exposed or used as scapegoats as the cabal has no loyalty or respect for it's members when things go wrong as they are going wrong now. Hold on and be strong.The old world order will soon be over, we have crossed over into a New Age and old things will pass away. that is the divine plan and the universal law.Delete
we here in new zealand are still dealing with really bad police in the south island and really bad lawyers, judges doctors , they bare still covering up pedophillia, rape murder , and punishing the victims of these artrosities, and they are recriting the very young men under the guise of freemasonry to do their bidding, greymouth one such place has a district area commander in the policeforce that did such a thing to our family for the last 25yrs, even my own cousins husbund a senior dectective head of the C.I.B has said to me in front of witnessess that he wont nark on his comredes over the sexual abuse of a 3 and a half year old boy, this cop just so happened to be the grand divisional secretary of the free masons as well, so it appears that he isnt there to uphold the law for certain pple even his own relatives, but instead is prepared to uphold the freemason oath instead....this dying regime seems to be alive in the south island of N.Z ,ut shame because they will have no choice but to conform to the new world of spirit or...... it doesant bear to mention what happened to the NAZIS, these men and young boys are being made scapegoats for the real push me pull u at the top, and from what i have seen and experienced, they are the ones who will take the flack when the sh.t hit the fan so to speak...my family or what is left of it really need your help here in nz . i am currently being victimised after the death of my son, sooo badly by I.R.D A.C.C WINZ POLICE and the police have tried to dtitch me up for pot, that i dont grow but do have the odd puff occasionally to releive stress ,i have had two house fires one of which i could have died.. an electrician told me last week that the house i am in is wired like a fire cracker and i find dope in my hot water cupboard,all this and i have no one to go to and i still havnt grieved for the little boy i lost last october after he was sexually abused and given back to the perpetrator, these dark cabal have infultrated every aspect of our lives, since i found out that my brothers death was no accident that was in 94 the same year i was brutally raped in front of my son all this and the police have never acted its been a very long 25yrs and i cant wait to see you all. i want to make it but dont know if i will, i am in reefton as i had to leave my house due to being victimised by police and masons, and ponce again i am surrounded,they have stopped me from getting the proper help that i need by going to the people i need to see first,i am at the old bread shop backpackers my name is gabrielle can you ring someone here in nz and tell them we in real troube.THEY may have things stitched up in the south island but when wellington gets ahold of this they gone...see my brother was a govt agent and a good one A.G fairhall was his name and he lived with the govenor general for 3yrs, and died at 36 probably because he tried to help me.....ReplyDelete
I have a proven formula for making a small fortune in the stock market,
First you start out with a large fortune, then...
I just stumbled across this site and I have to say I'm fascinated with the subject matter. I have allowed myself to swim for too long in the fishbowl of politics and have become sick of it and its participants. Maybe I'll hang out here for a while to see if new inspiration is available to me.ReplyDelete


text:
We all remember when the powerful record companies sued Napster for pirating music. But it turns out that pirating doesn't just happen with entertainment or treasure chests: Organic food is also a hot commodity for buccaneers.
He buys them across the border in the US, and brings them back to Canada, where TJ's doesn't operate.
The city he's in is located on the Georgia Straits in the Northwest, and was first known as Gastown.
Now you can visit this city to be part of the burgeoning Canadian film industry, or if you're a Canadian looking for Trader Joe's products brought across the border by Mr. Hallatt.
The resale store is called, of course, Pirate Joe's.
Trader Joe's is suing him for abuse of their copyright, but that hasn't slowed Hallat down at all.
Mike Hallatt tells The World's Marco Werman he'll keep up his cross-border business despite the legal complications, and gives us the answer to the Geo Quiz.
Did you get it?


text:
Spotting a dying HD before it's too late?
View Single Post
July 10th, 2009, 10:23
Google published an article on this -- they use consumer hard drives for their server farms. Very roughly, the conclusions were:
* There is no way to tell, for any individual drive, if it's about to fail. All conclusions are statistical.
* Statistically, a drive that has survived one year of heavy-duty use is likely to survive to the end of its design lifetime -- the defective ones croak within 12 months.
* A drive that has shown even a single SMART anomaly is about 60 times more likely to fail within some fairly short time than a drive that has not shown any. Further SMART anomalies don't add much significant information to this.
* Contrary to conventional wisdom, operating temperature had no significant effect on drive lifetime, unless the stated design parameters were exceeded.
I'm sure you can find the article if you look for it.
Conclusion: don't bother. Instead, take automatic backups hourly/daily/weekly depending on how frequently you generate data that's worth backing up. This has saved my bacon once.
Prime Junta
RPGCodex' Little BRO
Join Date: Oct 2006
Posts: 8,540
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Prime Junta
View Public Profile
Send a private message to Prime Junta
Find More Posts by Prime Junta


text:
[RELEASE] Gamma-X (formerly called "Xbox Net Loader") Xbox game manager and launcher - Printable Version
+- Kodi Community Forum (https://forum.kodi.tv)
+-- Forum: Support (https://forum.kodi.tv/forumdisplay.php?fid=33)
+--- Forum: Add-on Support (https://forum.kodi.tv/forumdisplay.php?fid=27)
+---- Forum: Program Add-ons (https://forum.kodi.tv/forumdisplay.php?fid=151)
+---- Thread: [RELEASE] Gamma-X (formerly called "Xbox Net Loader") Xbox game manager and launcher (/showthread.php?tid=15567)
[RELEASE] Gamma-X (formerly called "Xbox Net Loader") Xbox game manager and launcher - ruuk - 2005-10-12
gamma-x v0.9981b
game manager for xbox
xbox net loader has changed it's name to gamma-x, as 'net loader' no longer well describes it
+manage apps/games stored on a networked pc
+save management - backup, install, delete and restore saves
+xbmc update utility
+xbox-saves and mega x key web game save browser and download/installer
get it here: http://2ndmind.net/xnetload
- Livin - 2005-10-12
looks to me like you may be able to make a few mods to this script and give some others what they have been wanting... an xbmc update script.
here's the idea...
set a folder/share on the pc (or the internet) that has the updated files for xbmc. the script copies them over to the xbox.
also have a list of excluded & included custom files that for people that have mod'd xmls for themselves
Quote:excludes:... etc
so it reads the excludes first so as not to copy any excludes over if it encounters it in an include statement.
once this is setup, updating your xbox xbmc files will be a breeze... one button even!
just a thought...[code]
- Gamester17 - 2005-10-13
option to automaticly download (and correctly extract) xbox game-saves from www.xbox-saves.com would be a very nice feature
...though maybe add some sort of auto-backup (before over-writing existing game-saves) and semi-auto restore function to be safe
- ruuk - 2005-10-13
will do for xbox-saves.com. both the site and the files are in the same format as megaxkey.com which the script already browses,downloads and installs. it also already backs up saves, though i will put an option for auto-backup.
- smuto - 2005-10-14
i'm just love save menager
i know your skin are great but i try to fit this graet script into pmiii skin with buidin texture
is it posible to make integer icon or thumbnail to the controllist from title_image?
is it posible to make save menager to stand along script?
i will prefer save window with buttons and more info labels
rukk - thx a lot
- ruuk - 2005-10-15
i'm glad you like the save manager.
i hope this answers all your questions, please let me know if you have more.
i have really only just started it, so it is going to be different from what it is now.
the 'skin' it has now is temporary. i will probably make something to match the game manager window. i wait till i'm more sure of where everything is going to be to spend much time on the 'skin' so i don't have to keep re-doing it.
the save manager can be run as standalone script, just run the savemx.py file.
i may be able to add thumbnails to the controllist. the main problem would be speed. decoding the images in python is a little slow but i haven't tested it yet, so it may work fine.
the problem with trying to match the pmiii skin is that if i want to make a different layout than the 'normal' pmiii window layout, i have to do a bit of work to match the style to pmiii.
i would consider making the skin selectable between what i have and a pmiii style skin once i have the final layout all worked out, especially if someone wants to do the images for me
- smuto - 2005-10-15
your skin is good enough
i'm not a python code writer, but playing with skin to the script gives a lot of fan, for me - scripters can make his work without skin
Quote:the save manager can be run as standalone script, just run the savemx.py file.yes, i take a look into readme file, but appinfo.py is for both and better to leave app_info_window in peace
Quote:i may be able to add thumbnails to the controllist.:kickass:
title id as a label 2 will also be great
is it posible to make other font and alignment to label 2 in controllist?
in app_info_window more controllabel with tltleid, full path, size (or size to label2 in controllist)
in home i don't have pc, only x with net - so xnetload is realy pretty, but savemx i just love
- ruuk - 2005-10-16
v0.99b - coming very soon...
i've re-worked the gui, added thumbnails, and the ability to fetch saves from xbox-saves.com (adding to the megaxkey.com)
see the pics in the top post.
- ruuk - 2005-10-17
v0.99b out =]
+xbox-saves.com added to the web saves browser
+thumbnails everywhere =]
+interface improvements
+bug fixes
thubnails will make the save manager load slow the first time. the thumbnails will be cached, so after that it will be pretty quick
- smuto - 2005-10-17
:bowdown: :bowdown: :bowdown:
wow, we enjoy
can u help me (example of the code) how add a folder name (titleid - i think) to the 2label in save_manager_window
your script is not my level of knowledge
- ruuk - 2005-10-18
here is the additem function. below i will show an example of the change.
Quote:def add_item(self,name,save):
here is the before.
here is the after. you would do this for each listitem
i'm going to add the titleid to the appinfo window and probably add the size of all the save data there as well, and probably to the save list also. i have to consider what can fit in the width of the list.
- lolol - 2005-10-19
in getting an error runnning your save manager
unicodedecodeerror: utf16 codec can't decode byte in 0x32 position 30:truncated data
in xnlmodules/xsave.py line 29
did i make a mistake?
cu lolol
- ruuk - 2005-10-19
hi lolol,
what version are you using?
if it is current (v0.99b) then i need to fix something. i think i have an idea what it might be, but it would be helpful if you could contact me on irc or i could contact you via im and maybe could send you a test version. i believe a certain save is either non-standard, broken, or i need to account for something i haven't. but almost certainly a specific save is causing the error, and if i could find out which one and get a copy of the save i could actually fix the problem properly
email me at [email="[email protected]"][email protected][/email]
or contact me on irc on
server: irc.irchighway.net
channel: #xnetload
thanks for any help you can give. either way, i will put a fix (hopefully it will fix it) in the upcoming version.
- smuto - 2005-10-21
my playing with skin
here problem with offset and alignmenty in controllist
dialog without problems
here i need changing pictures for datasourse
info labels like size ,folder ...
how to delate save without sub_list ?
is it possible add musicoverlay window to the script?
- ruuk - 2005-10-22
new version:
+added save sizes/title id toggle display in save manager
+added total save size and title id in save/info window
+removed 'load a save' button in info window, replaced with
'delete all' - use 'load a save' from save manager instead
+moved the game sizes to label2
+dds header format images now decode
+optimized code for image decompression. about a 25% conversion speed increase from .xbx to .png on my 650mhz laptop =]
+added some code that hopefully avoids a problem with unicode
and saves that a user reported.
+loader will now add title id's to configs for games that do
not have them, when game is 'online' (iso's configured via a non
xrp server do not have title id in the config, so this helps)
+added text viewer dialog to dialogs module
+updater now shows changelog before update
+little bits i can't remember right now
+bug fixes


text:
It's hard to decide which we hear more often: that there are no good roles for women in commercial American cinema, or that this--fill in current calendar year--is The Year of the Woman in film. Whatever the case, there's usually a self-serving public-relations motive lurking behind these proclamations. The women who have complained loudest about a paucity of female roles--stars such as Meryl Streep, Michelle Pfeiffer, and Sigourney Weaver--often are among the busiest performers. They're actually complaining that salaries aren't comparably astronomical for women--specifically, them. (The wage gap between prestigious male and female stars is indeed wide.)
On the other hand, those perennial Year of the Woman declarations by organizations such as the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences have the stench of overcompensation about them. The Hollywood studio system has come to rely almost exclusively on comedies and action thrillers for its survival, the demographic targets for which--fairly or unfairly--are overwhelmingly male. Women often find themselves in the role of glorified coffee server when cast in the blockbusters.
Streep, Pfeiffer, and Weaver have ignored the opportunities presented by "indie" companies like Miramax, Fine Line, and Gramercy, among others. While most of these companies are in fact owned by gigantic media monoliths, the myth of the "independent film" still burns bright enough to send them scurrying for fresh scripts, first-time directors, and decidedly noncommercial themes. Not since the birth of the American cinema has it been so easy for a hard-working, committed, connected young filmmaker to see his or her vision projected on a big screen.
And if women aren't holding their own with the likes of Schwarzenegger and Willis, they are popping up in front of and behind the indie camera in record number. Hold your breath for another of those obnoxious Year of the Woman declarations, with a twist: Cast an eye over the last eight months, and 1996 could arguably be dubbed The Year of the Girl. Forget taking your daughter to work; if you want her to see a stunning variety of peers confronting all sorts of troubles, take her to the movies. This year has seen Welcome to the Dollhouse, Harriet the Spy (created with help from a major studio; gadzooks!), Foxfire (another "little" film helped by a big studio), Girlstown (as yet unreleased in Dallas), The Spitfire Grill (granted, the heroine has already had her period, but she's still young), and now Lisa Krueger's Manny and Lo. All of them have portrayed, with varying degrees of sentimentality and success, young women struggling to forge their identities in a hostile world.
Manny and Lo is perhaps the most defiantly "female" of all these movies, when you consider its daring proposition--that motherhood may be a biological option for women, but it is by no means destiny; and, moreover, can be disastrous for a woman when treated as such. The film brushes against so many complex, impressive topics that you wish first-time writer-director Lisa Krueger had dropped the silly contrivances of her "fairy tale" and unashamedly tangoed with the subject matter. As it happens, Manny and Lo delivers a few inspired moments, but is finally smothered by the playful comic quality for which Krueger strains.
The title characters are sisters--11-year-old Amanda (Scarlett Johansson) and 15-year-old Laurel (Aleksa Palladino). "Manny" is the smart, dreamy, passive one who lets herself be kidnapped from her foster home by the beer-drinking, tough-talking, touchingly vulnerable "Lo" after their mother has died. The pair roams the highways and back roads of New York state in a beat-up station wagon, stealing junk food and gasoline and breaking into vacation houses and suburban model homes for a little bed rest. Lo is the "boss" mostly because Manny lets her be, but she's a horrible decision maker and spends a long time denying what finally cannot be ignored--she's pregnant.
Terrified of her baby's imminent delivery, Lo kidnaps a prissy maternity shop employee named Elaine (Mary Kay Place) and detains her in a sprawling, abandoned country home to await the birth. The sisters have chosen Elaine because she strolls around the shop in a nurse's uniform, berating expectant female customers with a smug "wisdom" about child-rearing that's suspicious to everyone but Manny and Lo. As the three females get to know each other in the confines of their lush hideout, the girls discover that this middle-age woman shares their sense of desperation, dislocation, and desire for a nurturing family.
If you like this story, consider signing up for our email newsletters.
You have successfully signed up for your selected newsletter(s) - please keep an eye on your mailbox, we're movin' in!
Ultimately, the film veers off into a rather lame subplot in which Elaine takes a hostage for herself. Here the conflict between the story Lisa Krueger wants to tell and the style in which she's chosen to tell it becomes extremely distracting. Krueger proves she has a solid, if conservative, sense of pace; she guides her actors through some low-key, naturalistic performances, and her eye for the sights seen by a drifter has a keen grittiness to it. But those elements combine in Manny and Lo to make the more far-fetched ingredients of the story feel jarring and, ultimately, rather dopey. After a while, you feel like you're watching a farce that's been filmed using documentary techniques. There's no heightened sense of lunacy about these lunatics, no fantastic flavor to their rather fantastic exploits, and the finale is a wish-fulfillment fantasy designed to reward all three for their protracted loneliness. It's all too much to swallow from what is, at heart, a modest little character study.
Manny and Lo is almost worth the bumpy ride to watch Mary Kay Place whip up a gourmet, comic-poignant concoction named Elaine. Best known for her Emmy-winning role as the country crooner Loretta Haggers in the TV show Mary Hartman, Marty Hartman, and as the baby-desperate wife in The Big Chill, Place is also an accomplished writer and director. In Manny and Lo, she creates one of the most full-blooded eccentrics to command a movie screen in 1996. Elaine is a childless single woman with a troubled past that goes unspecified; the sad-eyed dignity and well-intentioned bossiness with which Place renders Elaine makes details of the character's young adulthood superfluous. (We are encouraged to suspect she has spent some time institutionalized.) She makes the woman heart-breaking and inspiring all at once.
Remember, too, that filmmaker Lisa Krueger played a decisive hand in creating this wondrous character. Manny and Lo isn't a failure so much as a misguided first effort by a woman who has brought a startling sense of characterization to the tale. All three roles are sympathetic and sharply detailed; it's some of the decisions they make to advance Krueger's themes that stretch credibility. Though ultimately overwhelmed by its misplaced playfulness, Manny and Lo corrals for our viewing pleasure some very memorable lost souls.
Manny and Lo. Sony Pictures Classics. Scarlett Johansson, Aleksa Palladino, Mary Kay Place. Written and directed by Lisa Krueger. Opens August 30.


text:
LEGG Marjorie Died peacefully on the 20th February 2013, aged 85 years. Beloved Wife of Douglas, dearly loved Mother of Roger, Marilyn, Heather and Nigel and a much loved Mother-in-law, Grandmother and Great-Grandmother. The Funeral Service will take place at St. Pauls Church, Wootton Fitzpaine on Monday 4th March at 1.00pm. Family flowers only please. Donations, if desired, for Wootton Fitzpaine PCC or Wootton Fitzpaine Village Hall may be sent c/o A. J. Wakely & Sons Ltd, 7A Silver Street, Lyme Regis, Dorset DT7 3HR Tel: 01297 443835
Please get in touch


text:
All New Products
Business Stationery
Certificate Papers
Certificate Holders & Accessories
Motivational Gifts
Trophies & Engraved Gifts
Invitation Accessories
Greeting Cards
Holidays & Seasons
Themes & Parties
Certificate Jackets (114)
Full-Size Certificate Jackets (86)
Gift Certificate Jackets (7)
Mini Award Jackets (19)
Premier Fold Jackets (6)
Stand-up Certificate Folders (5)
Seasons & Holidays
Anniversary (7)
Birthday (2)
Festive Party (1)
Graduation (10)
Save the Date (1)
Wedding (7)
Printing Options
Custom Print (2)
Desktop Printable (19)
Foil, Metallic & Shiny (72)
Kids Education (7)
Patriotic (2)
Plain & Solid (2)
Schools & Education (6)
Star (23)
Childcare (2)
Congratulations (5)
Employee Motivation (8)
Teamwork (1)
Thank You (2)
You May Also Like
Certificate JacketsWhen you'd like to recognize that special someone for the accomplishments they've made, don't forget to include the perfect Certificate Jackets to commemorate the occasion. Once you have figured out the best way to say great job, the next step is choosing the right certificate folder to give it a professional look so the recognition is sincere. PaperDirect has many styles of certificate jackets to choose from. The Shooting Star certificate jacket can celebrate anyone in your life with star quality who makes a difference. Also take a look at the Gold Border certificate jacket that can truly be used for any occasion to give your acknowledgement certificates a polished look and feel.
Gift Certificate JacketsWhen you plan your prize giveaways you can make your gift certificate selection more professional with our selection of Gift Certificate Jackets. Now when you give away those gift certificates you can do it with elegance and style. We have basic designs like the Gold Border gift certificate jacket that can be used for any type of certificate and for any recipient. We also have more specific designs like the Embossed Stars gift certificate jacket that adds a little bit of personality to the gift certificate jacket. Now the gift certificates you give to your loved ones don't have to boring. Make a statement and use one of the PaperDirect gift certificate holder designs to make the gift special.
Mini Award JacketsIf you're planning on celebrating accomplishments with our selection of mini-award templates, don't forget to choose the right Mini Award Jackets to help recognize the recipients. At PaperDirect, we offer the best selection of award jackets so you can find the right one to help you acknowledge people for their greatness. Our Gold Foil award jacket has a simple and sleek design to fit into any occasion and give the person who receives the award a sense of great accomplishment. We also have these great Leather award boards so the recipient can show the world the great things they have achieved and put them on display. Add the professional touch these awards deserve with one of the many mini award jackets we have to choose from.
Stand Up Certificate HoldersWhen you want your awardees to be able to display their accomplishments with pride, you should consider giving them their awards in a Stand Up Certificate Holder. With these great award certificate holders you can give the recipient the chance to have their certificate proudly shown for everyone to see. Our Star stand up certificate jacket can be used to award all the stars you have amongst your family and friends. Show them how special they are with a Star Gala stand up certificate folder that will truly highlight their greatness. The stand-up certificate folders from PaperDirect make it easy to tell them how much they mean to you.


text:
Most plays that fail do so because they don't say enough. A few fail because they try to say too much. You can place The Last Days of Judas Iscariot in the latter category.
It's not that Stephen Adly Guirgis' courtroom drama and philosophical meditation on the ultimate fate of history's greatest betrayer completely fails. There are undeniably thought-provoking passages in his writing, and a handful of commanding performances in STAGEStheatre's current production makes the nearly three-hour experience palatable.
But there is so much unnecessary silliness—from lion-slipper-wearing judges to broom-pushing angels—that the circus-like atmosphere continually undercuts truly big ideas. That renders Guirgis' apparently sincere exploration of the need for individuals to participate in their own salvation nearly meaningless, a terrible thing for a play that works so hard to ask so many meaningful questions.
Tone is an enormous issue in this play, and the problems begin early. A man (Judas, who stays in this place throughout the play) dressed in rags and uncontrollably shaking sits downstage right as a woman (later revealed to be his mother) delivers a heartfelt monologue about the unbearable pain of a mother who must bury her child.
We then find ourselves in purgatory, in the bizarre courtroom of a judge (Wilson Raiser, a dead-ringer for Christopher Lloyd) who sips coffee out of a cup emblazoned with a Confederate flag and spits out Southern homilies. After a few false starts, a lawyer, Cunningham (Tiffany Toner), enters the courtroom with a writ signed by God to reopen the case of Judas Iscariot. Her main argument: How can a God of mercy and forgiveness consign any soul to the depths of hell? On the other side is El-Fayoumy (Anthony Rutowicz), a lawyer who, for whatever reason, believes that by betraying the Messiah, Judas has earned his fate of consignment to the one place in the universe where God doesn't exist.
The bulk of the play centers on the testimony and interrogation of an impressive gallery of witnesses: four down-to-earth apostles; a hard-of-hearing Mother Teresa; a defiantly atheistic Sigmund Freud; the Jewish high priest, Caiaphas, who turned Christ over to the Romans; a thoroughly unapologetic Pontius Pilate; and, of course, the Prince of Darkness himself, Satan. People with limited knowledge of the Gospels will be hopelessly lost in the trajectory of Christ's journey from the Last Supper to Calvary. Likewise, they might not detect the subtle shift in the play from that of Judas' fate to the question of the importance of individuals playing a vital role in their own salvation. Even those familiar with the Bible will find it hard staying on Guirgis' theological tracks due to his unnecessary introduction of elements and asides, from the Hegelian dialectic to Freud's use of cocaine.
Director Kevin Slay is unable to rein in the caterwauling script, even adding to the chaos through clunky blocking and musical underscoring that either obscures sincere moments or comes off as cheesy (whether the script calls for Freud to enter to the tune of Eric Clapton's "Cocaine"or Slay green-lighted it, it just doesn't work). As should be expected in a play with 18 actors, performances range from stellar to mediocre at best. But the standout performances are very good: Mike Martin approaches Satan as many actors would, as a diabolically cunning supernatural force that demands respect from all quarters. But he finesses the role just enough that we're never sure where Satan stands on any issue; this is an eminently human Prince of Darkness, likeable even, making the performance all the scarier. Bob Tully's Pontius Pilate—a wise-cracking, anti-Semitic misogynist who tears into Cunningham with hair-raising savagery—is also riveting, and both Rutowicz and Toner in the roles of the attorneys more than stand their ground—at least until Satan eviscerates their respective characters in wickedly hostile form.
It's not until the play's final minutes that the two characters whom the play is truly about, Judas and Jesus, finally get their moment. And it's a soberingly effective one. Daniel Penilla's Jesus is a wonderful synthesis of supernatural grace and earthy presence, and Joseph Tostado's Judas, who gets a chance to speak only after spending nearly two-and-a-half hours cowering in a corner, delivers a performance that is both fierce and heartbreaking. But after this unbelievably intense meeting of betrayer and betrayed, as Jesus pleads with Judas to step back into the light, things get weird again. Butch Honeywell (an effective Sean Coutu), a simple handyman and foreman of the jury, informs Judas of the verdict. He then tells Judas they are each a betrayer. But instead of betraying the Messiah, Butch betrayed his wife.
It's a big "What the fuck?" moment. The incongruous stories of Butch and Judas just don't mesh. It's the final example of Guirgis trying to make his theological and philosophical pill go down smoother. But all it does is make this play stick in one's throat.
If you like this story, consider signing up for our email newsletters.
You have successfully signed up for your selected newsletter(s) - please keep an eye on your mailbox, we're movin' in!
The Last Days of Judas Iscariot at STAGEStheatre, 400 E. Commonwealth, Fullerton, (714) 525-4484; www.stagesoc.org. Fri.-Sat., 8 p.m.; Sun., 2 p.m. Through Feb. 13. $17-$20.
This review appeared in print as "Trial and Errors: STAGEStheatre's The Last Days of Judas Iscariot does little justice to history's greatest traitor."


text:
eDressit is your final dress destination for plus size ball gown for that special occasion. Our flattering selection of plus size dresses includes evening dresses, party dresses, prom dresses, bridesmaid dresses and cocktail wear - something for every occasion. Whether you are looking for elegant long plus size gowns or short cute plus size dresses, eDressit has dresses to fit your full figures. With the latest styles and patterns designed by our professional team you won't be disappointed. Here, you are able to find many beautiful plus size ball gowns and evening dresses at super low prices. Come here and select now!
Please enter a valid email address.


text:
|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|18 Jun 2002
|Fecha de presentación
|28 Ene 2000
|Fecha de prioridad
|29 Ene 1999
|También publicado como
|Número de publicación
|Peter Dietz
|Cesionario original
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (1), Otras citas (1), Citada por (25), Clasificaciones (6), Eventos legales (4)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed to a method for the operation of a magnetic resonance tomography apparatus of the type having a basic field magnet, a gradient system with gradient coils and a control system that, among other things, controls the currents in the gradient coils to produce pulse sequences, as well as directed to an apparatus for the implementation of the method and to a method for designing a magnetic resonance tomography apparatus.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Magnetic resonance tomography is a known modality for acquiring images of the inside of the body of a living patient. The basic components of a magnetic resonance tomography apparatus are a basic field magnet, a gradient system and a control system that, to produce pulse sequences on the basis of pulse sequences, controls the currents in the gradient coils to produce pulse sequences. The time-variable coil currents achieve amplitude values of up to several 100 A and are subject to frequent and rapid changes in the direction of the current with rise and decay rates of several 100 kA/s. Given the presence of a basic magnetic field, these currents in the gradient coils cause vibrations due to Lorentz forces, which cause noise by vibrating components of the apparatus.
The focus of previous investigations for reducing noise has been to modify the transmission path, i.e. to a modify the mechanical structure of the magnetic resonance tomography apparatus. These modifications were roughly implemented on the basis of empirical values. Further, noise that differs in degree is only heard by an operator as a patient as a result of various pulse sequences after the implementation of the pulse sequences, as a subjective impression. Developments in the field of magnetic resonance tomography for shortening the measuring time and improving the image quality involve a boost of the currents in the gradient coils. The noise thus also increases.
In the article by R. A. Hedeen et al., "Characterization and Prediction of Gradient Acoustic Noise in MR Imagers", Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 37 (1997), pages 7-10, a noise that a pulse sequence causes when executed is calculated in advance before the execution of the pulse sequence, a transfer function is empirically derived from gradient pulses as an input quantity and noise as an output quantity. This transfer function is multiplied by the spectrum of the gradient pulses to be implemented. A noise spectrum identified in this way is substantially similar to the spectrum of the gradient pulses and is only slightly influences by acoustic resonances of the apparatus. Measures for direct reduction of the noise are not described in this article.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method or and an apparatus for the implementation of the method for obtaining information about the noise stress on a patient as well as for reducing noise, and to provide a method for the design of a gradient system that enables an optimization of the overall noise transmission path.
This object is achieved in a method wherein noise that a pulse sequence causes when implemented is determined before the start of the pulse sequence, and wherein, in the case of identified noise above a selectable value, the pulse sequence is modified, so that the modified pulse sequence does not exceed the selectable value when implemented.
The apparatus for the implementation of the method has a unit that determines noise that a pulse sequence causes when implemented, before a start of the pulse sequence, and a display that displays the identified noise, and where a control unit, given a modification of the displayed noise, modifies the noise-relevant parameters of the pulse sequence such that the modified display value of the noise is not exceeded upon implementation of the pulse sequence with the modified parameters. Alternatively the apparatus determines noise that a pulse sequence causes upon implementation thereof before a start of the pulse sequence, and checks the identified noise of the pulse sequence to determine whether a pre-select able value is exceeded, and determines a modification of the pulse sequence when this value is exceeded so that the modified pulse sequence does not exceed the pre-select able value when implemented, which causes and the modified pulse sequence to be implemented.
The object of providing a method for designing a gradient system is inventively achieved by deriving a transfer function from a gradient coil current as an input quantity and noise as output quantity, this transfer function being calculated dependent on a geometry, on material parameters and on a mechanical implementation of the apparatus.
The inventive method and apparatus have the advantage that instead of the noise for different pulse sequences being present only after the implementation of a pulse sequence and as a subjective impression or as a result of a measurement, the noise is calculated before the implementation of a pulse sequence and, following thereupon, a noise reduction becomes possible by simple modification of parameters of the pulse sequence.
In an embodiment, a repetition time of the pulse sequence is modified, when a modification of the pulse sequence is needed. A modification of the repetition time is a simple modification of a pulse sequence. The modification needed for noise reduction is simple to calculate given unaltered demands on the image quality.
In an another embodiment, the repetition time is modified so as to avoid a coincidence of whole-number multiples of a reciprocal of the repetition time with acoustic resonant frequencies of the apparatus.
In another embodiment in the pulse sequence modification, a forbidden frequency band of, preferably, ±20 Hz of the resonant frequency is defined around at least one of the resonant frequencies and any modification which would result in a frequency in this forbidden band is precluded.
In a further embodiment, the determination of the noise is implemented in the frequency domain, by deriving a system-inherent transfer function that from a gradient coil current as an input quantity and the noise as an output quantity, and this transfer function is multiplied, for each gradient coil, by the Fourier transform of the coil current for that gradient coil, the multiplication results are integrated over the frequency, and the integration results along the individual gradient axes are summed. Only transformation in the frequency domain enables a separation of the parameters and an exact calculation of the influences on the noise that are caused even by minute modifications of the parameters.
In another embodiment, the A acoustic pressure level of a pulse sequence is determined for this purpose by an A-weighted integration of the multiplication results. A weighting quantity is thus available for the noise of a pulse sequence that takes the properties of human hearing into consideration.
In another embodiment, one of the transfer functions is determined by excitation of the corresponding gradient coil with a current whose spectrum contains all noise relevant frequencies. All relevant frequency components of the transfer function thus are measured simultaneously with a single excitation. This results in the shortest measuring times in the experimental determination of the transfer functions.
In another embodiment, one of the transfer functions is determined by excitation of the corresponding gradient coil with a frequency sweep of sinusoidal currents. As a result, a discrete frequency point of the transfer function is determined with a defined amplitude with each sine oscillation.
In another embodiment, the Fourier analysis of the gradient coil current is implemented with a reciprocal of the repetition time of the pulse sequence as the fundamental frequency of the Fourier analysis. The Fourier analysis thus exclusively yields Fourier coefficients for whole-numbered multiples of the reciprocal of the repetition time.
In a further embodiment, the identified noise is displayed. An operator, for example, thus can evaluate whether a patient can reasonably withstand a noise stress dependent on condition and age, and can take this in the operator's other operating actions.
In another embodiment, an automatic modification of the pulse sequence to lower noise values is implemented when the identified noise exceeds a pre-selectable value. As a result, the operator is relieved of the need to make decisions on a case-by-case basis about the reasonableness of the noise, and that the modification of the pulse sequence toward lower noise values ensues automatically dependent on the pre-select able value without operator intervention.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of the inventive method for noise determination for a magnetic resonance tomography apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a magnetic resonance tomography apparatus constructed and operating in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 3 shows an exemplary display on a display in accordance with the invention.
In the form of a flowchart, FIG. 1 shows the method of noise determination for magnetic resonance tomography apparatus underlying the invention, as an example. The gradient coil currents l(r, t) have a location dependent on the basis of the different conductor arrangements for the respective gradient coils as well as a time dependency dependent on the controlling pulse sequence. Since the conductor arrangement of the coils is constant in time, a separation of l(r, t) into a location-dependent component l(r) and a time-dependent component l(t) is possible.
Together with a number of parameters, the location-dependent component l(r) determines a transfer function Ü(f). The currents in the gradient coils experience Lorentz forces in the basic magnetic field that place the conductors of the gradient to vibrate. Further Lorentz forces act on conductive layers as a result of eddy current induction, these conductive layers being firmly connected to the gradient system, for example metallic devices for cooling the gradient coils or copper motherboards of a radio-frequency antenna system. The Lorentz forces are transmitted onto the entire gradient system and cause it to vibrate.
An analysis of these vibrations ensues based on the characteristic oscillations of the gradient system. The characteristic oscillatory behavior is defined by the eigenfrequencies and the natural-oscillation modes. The effect of the Lorentz forces on the natural-oscillation modes described in the form of participation (contribution) factors. These indicate how greatly the Lorentz forces excite a specific natural-oscillation mode. Mathematically, the scalar product between the Lorentz force at a point and the vector that describes the natural-oscillation movement at this location is formed for this purpose. These scalar products are determined for each point of the gradient system and are summed. A participation factor PF of a natural-oscillation mode results therefrom. The eigenfrequencies are calculated using the material parameters. Given knowledge of the participation factors PF and of the eigenfrequencies, the oscillation of the gradient system is determined for each location and for each frequency by superimposition of the oscillations of the individual natural-oscillation modes.
The vibrations are transmitted to the surfaces of the apparatus via various propagation paths. These are acquired frequency-resolved dependent on their significance. The speed of sound at the transition surfaces determines the transmission of mechanical vibration into acoustic oscillations and is calculated from the superimposition of the oscillations of the individual transmission paths. Together with the geometry of the surface, this determines the noise (r, f) of the apparatus.
The transfer function Ü(f) arises from a defined excitation of a gradient coil with a norm current lo as an input quantity and the noise in dB produced as a result thereof at a specific location as an output quantity. One location is selected for forming the transfer function. Since the noise perceived by the patient is in the foreground, a location at which the head of the patient is normally located during the examination is advantageously selected. For example, the isocenter of the basic field magnet is prescribed by the NEMA regulation. The method explained above, however, can be applied for any arbitrary location.
A magnetic resonance tomography apparatus has a number of gradient coils that are operated with different currents. For determining the transfer functions, one gradient coil after the other is considered independently of the other. A transfer function is allocated to each gradient coil.
The computational determination of the transfer functions ensues according to the method described above using a finite element method calculation.
The experimental determination of the transfer functions ensues on the basis of an excitation of a gradient coil with a normalized current lo and with a frequency-resolved acoustic measurement of the noise in dB at a selected measuring location. Advantageous excitations are a frequency sweep of sine oscillations and white noise that has been low-pass filtered. In the frequency sweeps, the gradient coil is excited with a sinusoidal current of this frequency for each frequency at which the transfer function is to be measured. The scaling of the transfer function is thereby simple because the amplitude of the sine oscillation is directly read in amperes, or the gradient strength resulting therefrom is directly read in millitesla per meter. Advantageously, the amplitude remains the same for all frequencies of the sweep. The second excitation for the experimental determination of the transfer function is based on the low-pass-filtered white noise. In the range from approximately 0 Hz through approximately 20000 Hz, which is based on the frequency range audible to a human, the transfer function of the low-pass filter is thereby equal to one and is equal to zero for higher frequencies. This low-pass-filtered white noise, a as quantity in the frequency domain, is transformed in to the time domain and is supplied as a normalized current to a gradient coil. It is taken into consideration in the frequency-resolved noise measurement that the gradient intensity of the low-pass-filtered, white noise is divided among all frequency components. The transfer function is simple to scale by comparing it to a corresponding sine measurement for a specific frequency. The measured transfer functions are very stable and do not fluctuate more then 1 dB between various measurements.
The transfer function of a typical magnetic resonance tomography apparatus increases with the frequency until a maximum is reached at a few kHz. At higher frequencies, a slight but continuous drop of the noise occurs, however, the spectrum of the transfer function is marked by clear, sharp resonances up to the maximum.
The time-dependent component l(t) is defined by the pulse sequence. The time curve l(t) of a coil current is converted into a frequency-dependent quantity l(f) by the Fourier transformation. Given a periodic time curve of l(t) with the cycle T, l(f) is simplified because l(f) assumes values different from 0 only given whole multiples of a fundamental frequency fG that is the reciprocal of the cycle T. The aforementioned values differing from 0 are divided by the gradient intensity G and are referred to as the nth Fourier coefficient FK(n). The running variable n thereby assumes only whole-numbered, positive values different from zero. The function l(f) is thereby converted into a function l(n·fG). A normalized current curve l(t) arises from the current curve l(t) by division by the gradient intensity G. The cycle T is equal to the repetition time for a pulse sequence.
Characteristic quantities for pulse sequences that control the gradient coil currents are the gradient intensity, the repetition time, the rise and decay rates, the shape as well as the appertaining current integral of the pulse sequence, these quantities being partially linked to one another. An increase in the noise independently of the transfer function Ü(f) occurs given an increase in the gradient intensity, given an increase of the current integral and given an increase of Fourier coefficients. The size of the Fourier coefficients is thereby determined by the shape of the pulse sequence. The noise in Pascals is directly proportional to the gradient intensity. For pulse sequences having many Fourier coefficients that determine the noise i.e., for pulse sequences having long repetition times-, a rough estimate of the noise is achieved by forming an average of the magnitudes of the Fourier coefficients. Measurements have shown that the aforementioned average value is directly proportional to the integral of the magnitude of the gradient coil current that flows during a cycle. The other characteristic quantities of a pulse sequence—repetition time as well as rise and decay rates—act on the noise dependent on the transfer function Ü(f).
It is taken into consideration in the Fourier transformation of the gradient coil currents that the time signal of the pulse sequence employed is adequately long. This can be achieved by periodic sequencing of the pulse sequence. A repetition rate of 300 leads to an adequate signal length even given very fast pulse sequences. Given long pulse sequences, a reduced repetition rate should be selected in order to accelerate the calculation.
The multiplication of the transfer function Ü(f) by the Fourier transform l(n·fG) of the current curve in the gradient coil yields a frequency-resolved noise spectrum dB(f) that is characteristic of the respective pulse sequence. The acoustic pressure level is determined by a simple integral formation. The A-acoustic pressure level that takes the properties of human hearing into consideration is obtained given an A-weighted integral formation.
Magnetic resonance tomography devices have a number of gradient coils that are operated with different currents. This means for the method described above that the appertaining transfer functions are identified for all gradient coils, these are multiplied by the Fourier transform of the appertaining coil currents, and are summed after the integral formation.
Modifications of the frequency response of coils and amplifiers of the gradient system can occur under certain circumstances. Because a transfer function Ü(f) does not describe the aforementioned modifications, the introduction of an auxiliary spectrum is advantageous, this being co-involved in the multiplication.
The same frequency range is selected for both spectra for the multiplication of the transfer function Ü(f) by the Fourier transform l(n·fG). A frequency range up to approximately 22 kHz is taken into consideration. A frequency resolution is employed at which no disturbing frequency shifts due to discretization occur that resolves the resonances well and is identical for both spectra. An advantageous resolution lies in the range of 1 Hz.
Given a modification of the repetition time, the Fourier coefficients remain of the same size but refer to a different fundamental frequency and thus form products with different values of the transfer function in the multiplication. The Fourier coefficients of the lower order usually have higher values, so that a shift of the high Fourier coefficients to higher values in the transfer function ensues given a shortening of the repetition time. This probably results in the greatest amount of noise. A massive reduction in noise on the basis of a shortening of the repetition time is possible when the coincidence of resonance frequencies of the transfer function with whole multiples of the reciprocal of the repetition time is avoided.
Further important quantities of a pulse sequence in view of the noise in addition to the gradient intensity are the Fourier coefficients of a lower order in combination with the repetition time. The rise and decay rates do not directly influence the noise. A variation of these rates can influence the repetition time and the Fourier coefficients, and thus influences the noise via these routes.
The method described above is employed for the determination of acoustic pressure levels for pulse sequences and for the determination of noise-optimized pulse sequences. A calculation of temporal noise spikes is possible when taking complex transfer functions into consideration.
A simplified method for avoiding noise is the definition of forbidden frequency bands around the resonant frequencies of the transfer functions, for example in a region of ±20 Hz. When Fourier coefficients greater than a defined threshold in these frequency bands, then this is displayed, an automatic modification of the repetition time is implemented or a recommendation (Prompt) to implement this modification is displayed.
As an example, FIG. 2 shows an overview of a magnetic resonance tomography apparatus, with only the components important to the invention being shown. A patient support 1, a basic field magnet 2, a gradient system 3, a control system 4 and a display 5 are identified as these basic components. The control system 4 contains the programs for pulse sequence control for the gradient system 3 and supplies data to the display 5. Further, the control system 4 contains an apparatus that determines the noise that a pulse sequence causes upon implementation, before the start of the pulse sequence, and supplies the determined noise to the display 5 for presentation.
In an embodiment, this device recognizes that noise identified for a pulse sequence exceeds a specific limit value stored in the device, an forwards an indication of this upward transgression to the display 5, determines a modified pulse sequence which, when implemented, does not cause the limit value to be exceeded, and supplies the modified pulse sequence or the identified change to the control system 4 for implementation thereof. The modification of the repetition time is thereby a simple modification of the pulse sequence. An adequately long lengthening of the repetition time leads to noise reduction but also leads to an undesired lengthening of the measuring time. A noise reduction is likewise achieved with a shortening of the repetition time when, differing from the original setting, coincidence of resonant frequencies of the transfer functions with whole multiples of the reciprocal of the repetition time is avoided. The device therefore determines the most beneficial repetition time for which the noise remains below the limit value. This can be determined, for example, with an iterative method the need for an optimally unmodified imaging characteristic as a boundary condition and taking the technical performance limits of the apparatus into consideration.
FIG. 3 shows the example of a display presentation on the display 5, for example a monitor. As generally standard, not only is a magnetic resonance image B displayed on the monitor, but also user information can be additionally mixed in. In addition to the standard information, an analog scale S is displayed on the monitor, the noise to be expected for a pre-set pulse sequence being displayed thereon. The type of a pulse sequence is usually pre-selected via a menu, whereby specific parameters of the pulse sequence can then also be selected by the user. Examples of such parameters of a pulse sequence are the slice orientation, the repetition time TR, the field of view FOV and the resolution RES. The slice orientation is generally graphically set, whereas standard defaults for the other aforementioned parameters are displayed numerically on the monitor. These standard defaults can, for example, be manually overwritten by keyboard input.
When the user has then selected a pulse sequence and the desired parameters have been set, information about the expected noise is also presented on the scale S before the start of the pulse sequence. When this seems too high to the operator, the operator has two possibilities. The operator can directly access the parameters and, for example, shorten the repetition time, select a smaller field of view, or reduce the resolution. Information as to the influence such modifications have on the noise is thereby obtained directly on the scale S. By drawing, for example, with a cursor on the scale S, the operator can also reduce the noise value that seems too high, and the control system 4 then accesses one or more parameters of the pulse sequence via a suitable algorithm and modifies these parameters such that the predetermined noise is not exceeded in the implementation of the modified pulse sequences. In both instances, the imaging properties are modified, however, the operator can thereby suitably consider between the noise stress on a patient, which is very differently sensed on an individual basis, and the imaging properties that are based on the diagnostic circumstances.
Although modifications and changes may be suggested by those skilled in the art, it is the intention of the inventor to embody within the patent warranted hereon all changes and modifications as reasonably and properly come within the scope of his contribution to the art.
|Patente citada
|Fecha de presentación
|Fecha de publicación
|12 Ene 1998
|4 Ene 2000
|General Electric Company
|Method for reducing Maxwell term artifacts in fast spin echo MR images
|"Characterization and Prediction of Gradient Acoustic Noise in MR Imagers," Hedeen et al., Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 37 (1997) pp. 7-10.
|Patente citante
|Fecha de presentación
|Fecha de publicación
|5 Mar 2001
|9 Sep 2003
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Magnetic resonance apparatus with a coil system optimized for noise reduction and method for designing the coil system
|29 Abr 2003
|11 May 2004
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Method for the automatic measurement of acoustic resonance of a magnetic resonance tomography apparatus
|3 Jul 2001
|10 Ene 2006
|Lms International N.V.
|Computer-aided engineering method and apparatus for predicting a quantitative value of a physical property at a point from waves generated by or scattered from a body
|9 Jul 2007
|28 Oct 2008
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Method and magnetic resonance apparatus for generating a measurement sequence executable by apparatus hardware
|16 Feb 2013
|24 Nov 2015
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Method for operating a coil and a monitoring module
|4 Nov 2013
|31 Ene 2017
|Aspect Imaging Ltd.
|Method for manipulating the MRI's protocol of pulse-sequences
|18 Jun 2013
|6 Jun 2017
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Method of obtaining image and providing information on screen of magnetic resonance imaging apparatus, and apparatus thereof
|3 Jul 2001
|21 Mar 2002
|Luc Cremers
|Computer-aided engineering method and apparatus for predicting a quantitative value of a physical property at a point from waves generated by or scattered from a body
|29 Abr 2003
|6 Nov 2003
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Method for the automatic measurement of acoustic resonance of a magnetic resonance tomography apparatus
|8 Ago 2003
|10 Feb 2005
|Sauer Karen L.
|Cancellation of ringing in magnetic resonance utilizing a composite pulse
|7 Jul 2005
|8 Dic 2005
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Magnetic resonance imaging apparatus and method of judging presence or absence of resonance in magnetic resonance imaging apparatus
|9 Jul 2007
|31 Ene 2008
|Oliver Heid
|Method and magnetic resonance apparatus for generating a measurement sequence executable by apparatus hardware
|19 Ago 2010
|24 Feb 2011
|Juergen Roessler
|Method to correct interference signals in cardiac noise-triggering of medical data acquisition, and medical system operating according to the method
|15 Abr 2013
|17 Oct 2013
|David Grodzki
|Method and magnetic resonance apparatus to identify a noise volume for a magnetic resonance examination
|8 Ago 2003
|2 Ene 2007
|The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy
|Cancellation of ringing in magnetic resonance utilizing a composite pulse
|25 Jul 2007
|22 Ago 2012
|Method and magnetic resonance apparatus for generating a measurement sequence executable by apparatus hardware
|6 Feb 2013
|21 Ago 2013
|Method for operating coil and monitoring module
|13 Mar 2015
|16 Sep 2015
|Noise optimization for magnetic resonance system
|18 Mar 2005
|8 Mar 2006
|Kabushi Kaisha Toshiba
|Magnetic resonance imaging device and method for judging presence/absence of resonance in the magnetic resonance imaging device
|18 Mar 2005
|3 May 2006
|Toshiba Kk
|Magnetic resonance imaging device and method for judging presence/absence of resonance in the magnetic resonance imaging device
|18 Mar 2005
|29 Sep 2005
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Magnetic resonance imaging device and method for judging presence/absence of resonance in the magnetic resonance imaging device
|3 Dic 2008
|18 Jun 2009
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|Acoustic noise reduction in mri
|6 Nov 2009
|20 May 2010
|Isis Innovation Limited
|Acoustic noise prediction and subtraction from intercom audio signal during magnetic resonance imaging
|3 Nov 2014
|5 Nov 2015
|Aspect Imaging Ltd.
|Manipulating mri's protocol of pulse-sequences
|7 Ago 2015
|18 Feb 2016
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Method and apparatus for verifying a pulse sequence of magnetic resonance imaging apparatus
|Clasificación de EE.UU.
|324/307, 324/314, 324/309
|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
|Clasificación europea
|28 Ene 2000
Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DIETZ, PETER;REEL/FRAME:010554/0938
Effective date: 20000125
|15 Nov 2005
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|25 Ene 2010
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|18 Jun 2010
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees


text:
THE TEENAGE boy who died after hitting a boat propeller has been named by police.
Charlie Joseph Hutton was pronounced dead at Southampton General Hospital after he fell overboard from a boat near The Needles on Friday.
He was on board the rigid hull inflatable boat with his father, Simon Hutton, 52, and two other 14-year-old boys.
Charlie and one of the teenagers fell overboard, and both were injured by the propeller. The other boy was taken to St. Mary's Hospital on the Isle of Wight to receive treatment for an injury, which was serious but not life threatening.
Charlie's father and the third 14-year-old boy were not injured.
In a statement, Charlie's parents, Simon and Gill Hutton said: "We are very sad to announce the death of our beautiful and very talented boy. Charlie, who loved the sea and water sports, was a schoolboy at Whitgift in South Croydon.
"His life touched many people and we know school friends will be devastated. Two of his closest friends were with him when he died and I hope they remember the great times and laughs we had with Charlie in his final few days in Dorset.
"Charlie was academically bright, an accomplished musician and an amazing field hockey player who had trained with the England under-15 team and had hoped to reach the England under-16 team this year, with the ambition of eventually playing for Britain in the Olympics in 2020. His effort, passion and self-belief would surely have taken him there. With Ashley Jackson as his hero on the field, we hope that this same passion will help Great Britain win gold this year for Charlie and the country.
"Our thanks go to all those who helped Charlie achieve such an incredible amount. We would like to hold a private event for family and friends to celebrate Charlie's life in the autumn when his school returns from the summer holidays."


text:
TORONTO -- The lawyer representing Scott MacIntyre in a $1.5-million civil suit is calling for a criminal investigation into the 2012 jailhouse beating his client endured -- an attack the suit alleges was ordered by Rob Ford.
In the lawsuit filed Wednesday, the 47-year-old convicted drug dealer claims he was viciously attacked by a former Don Bosco football player while serving 10 months in Metro West Detention Centre for threatening the mayor in his home.
"There should be a criminal investigation and if police develop reasonable and probable grounds, then charges should be laid," MacIntyre's lawyer Sean Dewart said Thursday.
His client alleges he was repeatedly warned by Aedan Petros, 22, who was locked up for a home invasion, to keep his mouth shut about Ford's drug and alcohol problems.


text:
Wichita Falls (Texas) Rider wide receiver David Nelson has over a dozen scholarship offers including two more that have come in the past week.
"I have 14 offers now," Nelson said. "Wisconsin offered a week ago. The most recent were Wisconsin and Texas Tech. They offered the same day."
"Right now I've only been to Kansas State, Oklahoma State, and Nebraska. I'm going to Notre Dame in two weeks."
Article Continues Below
"I'm going to try and take my official visits to schools I haven't been to like Wisconsin and Pitt. Schools that are farther away."
"All the schools I mentioned have offered a scholarship. I'm interested in all the schools that have offered. I don't have a favorite right now."
The 6-foot-5 and 195 pound Nelson caught 56 passes for over 1100 yards during his junior season. Nelson scored 13 times as he established himself as one of the top wide receiver prospects in the Lonestar State.


text:
Malamphy Bottling Works Bottle Cumberland, MD Gooding2
Sold for:
Start Free Trial
or Sign In to see what it's worth.
- Sold Date:
- Source: eBay
You are bidding on a Vintage Malamphy Bottling Works Trade M Mark Cumberland,MD - small bottle - found in dig pit- bottle state REGISTERED - on back This bottle Not to be Sold MB&CCO17-nice aqua green color- look at picture for condition - some bubbles -no brakes or cracks - end in good shape-This bottle is 8 inches******larger of the two bottles listed PLEASE READ Extra Postage **There is extra postage charges for Hawaii and Alaska Bidder –please check with me before bidding **There is extra postage also for foreign Bidders- please check with me before bidding TERMS OF SALE Please ask all questions before bidding. By bidding, you are entering into a legal binding contract. Do not bid, unless you intend to buy. Payments must be received within 7 days of auction end, or an unpaid item case will be filed with Ebay, and the item will be re-listed.
RETURN Item returns will be accepted within THREE (3) DAYS of buyer's receipt of merchandise. Buyer must FIRST EMAIL their intent to return. Buyer PAYS RETURN POSTAGE and refund will EXCLUDE ORIGINAL SHIPPING, HANDLING & INSURANCE charges. Refund will be made through PAYPAL after RECEIPT & INSPECTION of returned merchandise.


text:
|Your link to the past since February 1996! Search for your ancestors in free Ships' Passenger lists, Naturalization Records, Palatine Genealogy, Canadian Genealogy, American Genealogy, Native American Genealogy, Huguenots, Mennonites, Almshouse Records, Orphan Records, church records, military muster rolls, census records, land records and more. marks FREE genealogy records.
|It's Almost Time for "HAPPY 14th. BIRTHDAY OLIVE TREE GENEALOGY!!" Subscribers to my free Olive Tree Genealogy newsletterwere entered in a Birthday Draw to win terrific prizes. Read more about our Birthday Celebration
Genealogy Mystery Book!
Death Finds a Way: A Janie Riley Mystery
by Lorine McGinnis Schulze
Janie Riley is an avid genealogist with a habit of stumbling on to dead bodies. She and her husband head to Salt Lake City Utah to research Janie's elusive 4th great-grandmother. But her search into the past leads her to a dark secret. Can she solve the mysteries of the past and the present before disaster strikes? Available now on Amazon.com and Amazon.ca
Genealogy NewsletterJOIN Free Olive Tree Genealogy Newsletter. Be the first to know of genealogy events. Find out when new genealogy databases are put online. Get tips for finding your elusive brick-wall ancestor
Share With OthersShare with other genealogists! Tweet this page! Tweet
Follow OliveTreeGenealogyFollow Olive Tree Genealogy on Google+
Search OliveTreeGenealogy
Search Olive Tree Genealogy Family of Websites
Search Fold3
New York Genealogy & HistoryMuch of New York was originally called New Netherland. New York became a state on July 26, 1788.
Featured exclusive FREE New York Genealogy Resources
Featured One-of-a-Kind New York Family Photo Albums & Ledger Books
Recommended Free ways to jump start your New York genealogy
URL: http://olivetreegenealogy.com/
All rights reserved
Copyright © 1996-present
Contact Lorine at


text:
Toshiba Targets NAND Flash Market for Growth
Post a comment
Irvine, Calif.--July 29, 1999--Toshiba America Electronic Components, Inc. (TAEC; Irvine) announced that Toshiba Semiconductor Company is increasing production ofhigh-density 128-Mbit and 256 Mbit NAND flash to meet growing market demand for solid-statefile storage memory in consumer electronics devices.
The company also plans to increase the non-DRAM ratio of its memory products, including NAND, to50 percent of memory output from a current level of 35 percent.
Toshiba America Electronic Components
Irvine, CA
(800) 879-4963 ext. 231


text:
Hog Hunting
View Single Post
August 28, 2000, 03:09 PM
Art Eatman
Staff Lead
Join Date: November 13, 1998
Location: Terlingua, TX; Thomasville, GA
Posts: 24,159
BadMedicine, sheep and goat fence is four-foot high mesh wire, with one or more strands of barbed wire on top. The crossings are underneath, where the hogs have rooted out a little washed-out spot. I have even seen deer use them.
One year on our deer lease, a trapper caught a young four-point in a snare at one of these "crawl-unders". A buddy of mine and I tied the deer's feet, undid him from the snare, tossed him in the back of the truck, and hauled him to camp. "Well, whadja find?", someone asked. "A little buck." "Where is he?" "Right here," I said as I undid the calf-roping-style clove hitch and let the deer leap into the group...Deer camp is fun!
, Art
Art Eatman
View Public Profile
Find More Posts by Art Eatman
Page generated in
seconds with


text:
Hi, Sorry for breaking the thread and chiming in late, I was until recently not aware of this thread and not subscribed to debian-project. I hope my comments can still be considered. > The version must be the version of the last upload, plus +nmuX, > This special versioning is needed to avoid stealing one of the > package maintainer's version numbers, which might disrupt their > work. The past weeks I had several encounters with the situation that a maintainer completely overlooked and NMU and uploaded a newer version without acknowledging the previous NMU, thereby reintroducing the problem the NMU addressed. This happened to active maintainers. I was wondering why we version NMU's differently from MU's. If they used the same scheme, in these cases the subsequent upload from the MU would have been rejected. That would have flagged a problem for them and they had discovered the NMU they forgot to integrate. Of course it wouldn't help in any situation but it would have helped these. I do not really buy the "stealing" argument since maintainers do not "own" version numbers. It indeed interferes with their work but it *needs* to. A completely ignored NMU has been rendered ineffective. > If you upload a package to testing or stable, you sometimes need > to "fork" the version number tree. This is the case for security > uploads, for example. For this, a version of the form +debXYuZ > should be used, where X is the current stable major release > number, and Y is the current minor release number for a stable > upload, or one higher than that for a testing upload. Z is a > counter starting at 1. For example, while Etch (Debian 4.0) is > stable, a security NMU to stable for a package at version 1.5-3 > would have version 1.5-3+deb40u1, while a security NMU to Lenny > would get version 1.5-3+deb41u1. This is the case even when it > is already known that the next release will be a new major > version ; for instance, Lenny will be released as Debian 5.0. I am not very happy with this paragraph. The proposed scheme is in my opinion hard to read, and it gets especially confusing when 40 means 4.1 and 41 means 5.0. We already have a scheme in the security team that prevents this numbering confusion, and that is to use release codenames. It makes it clear at a glance whether a package is intended for stable or testing, and the codenames do not change. The current convention is to add +etch1 or +lenny1 respectively. This scheme works well. It would fail when we have a release name starting with "a", but that situation doesn't exist and can be easily prevented. The scheme was recently changed to cope better with binNMU's, and I'm not sure what the benefit would be to change it yet again within a few months. The problems we have, like today with postfix, are when maintainers use the old scheme which is indeed suboptimal. I'm unclear on the reasons of changing the current system. It works, so why change it? I prefer to codify existing practice than the other way around in this case. cheers, Thijs
Description: PGP signature


text: Talk Cooking and Baking Spent Grain Bread Sharona Zamboni I've just started brewing beer at home and hate to toss the grain after mashing. There are a lot of bread recipes using spent grain, but I see a common complaint that they're not very good. Does anyone have a great recipe?