text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Aug 3, 1971
|Filing date
|Aug 30, 1968
|Priority date
|Aug 30, 1968
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Jones Burton L
|Original Assignee
|Xerox Corp
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (51), Classifications (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent Burton L. Jones Fairport. 756.598
Aug. 30, 1968 July 27. 1971 Xerox Corporation Rochester, NH.
Inventor AppLNo. Filed Patented Assignee DIVERSE-INPUT SYSTEM FOR ELECTROSTATICALLY REPRODUCING AND RECORDING INFORMATION 13 Claims, 6 Drawing Figs.
us. Cl ass/3, 355/11, 346/74, 178/66 Int. Cl 003 15/00 Field ol'Search 355/l 1, 3; 346/74 P, 74 ES; 129/1001 B; ns/ee A References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 10/1961 Anderson l79/l00.lX 9/1964 Huberetal.
3.193.836 7/1965 Kerr l79/100.1 X 3.202.973 8/1965 Brophy 179/1001 X 3,308,473 3/1967 Sawazaki... 346/74 3,318.212 5/1967 Rubin 355/3 3,343.142 9/1967 Clark 355/11 X 3.369.073 2/1968 Scholz 346/74 X 3,463,584 8/1969 Trombetta 355/3 Primary Eraminer-Samuel S. Matthews Assistant Examiner- Kenneth C. Hutchison Attorneys- Paul M. Enlow, Norman E. Schrader. James J.
Ralabate, Ronald Zibelli and Bernard A. Chiama ABSTRACT: A reproduction system of a single electrostatic processing printer and a plurality of different imaging input devices such as devices which are adapted to produce imaging light rays for the printer from such informational forms as video facsimile signals. microfilm, data processing information, light scanning platens for full size documents, aperture cards, microfiche. etc. An interface connection is provided for the printer and any one or more of the input units. Paper input devices may also be arranged in the system for selectively feeding paper from different sources into the system.
[NW5 OOOOOOOOOOO ES PATENTEDAUB awn I 3,597,071
' SHEET u [1F 5 WW 1 i 5/0 iniillllilm FIG. 5
DIVERSE-INPUT SYSTEM FOR ELECTROSTATICALLY REPRODUCING AND RECORDING INFORMATION This invention relates to copier/reproduction systems in general and, more particularly, to such a system which is adapted to accept many input forms of information to be reproduced.
Generally, copier/reproduction systems of the type adapted to accept an input such as a letter size original, book page or picture, incorporate a printer processing unit with a single input station that converts the information on the letter original, book or picture into corresponding light rays compatible as the processing unit's operative input. For complete reproduction capability, that is, for a system to utilize other input forms such as microfilm, automatic document feeding operation, video signals, alpha-numeric keyboard electronic signals, aperture cards and the like, etc., a printer processing unit must be combined for each form ofinput. Needless to say, the use of a separate printer unit for each form of input is costly and, the space necessary to accommodate separate printers is needlessly wasted. Therefore it is the principal object of the present invention to arrange copier/reproduction input units, a single printer unit and interface structure so that the printer unit is adapted for utilization for each of the input units.
Another object of the invention is to utilize a single printer unit in conjunction with multiple input units adapted to be readily attached to the printer unit for selectively presenting the printer unit with material-to-be produced originally provided in different forms.
Another object of the invention is to convert various forms of information to-be-reproduced into corresponding optical representations and to interface each of these representations with the imaging station ofa reproduction machine,
Still another object of the invention is to arrange a reproduction system having a single printing unit, a plurality of output devices such as, catch trays, sorters or finishing sta tions, and a plurality of sources of information arranged to provide individual inputs for the printer unit wherein the system may be readily conditioned for producing readable copy of the information presented to the printer unit.
The system invention may be accomplished by an arrangement which includes a reproduction printer unit adapted to receive imaging light rays and to convert the same to readable intelligence on support material such as sheets or web of paper; a plurality ofinput units each being capable of producing imaging light rays from a specific medium or form ofinformation, such as, video facsimile signals, microfilm, data processing information, a light scanning platen to support an original document or book page for one-to-one reproduction, aperture cards, opaque cards, microfiche, other microforms, various forms of computer output, such as tape, etc. and; an interface connection between the printer unit and each of the input units in order to effect the presentation of the output from each input unit as the input to the printer unit.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. I is an isometric view of a reproduction system embodying the principles of the present invention of utilizing a single printer unit and a plurality of imaging input units, a plurality of output devices and a plurality of record material inputs;
FIG. 2 is a plan view ofthe system shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an isometric view, partly in section of the printer unit shown in FIG. I, with an optical system for producing imaging light rays for the unit and two paper input devices;
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of the reproduction system arranged to effect reproduction from a microfilm input unit and a one-to-one copier combined with an automatic document feeding device;
FIG. 5 is a plan schematic view oftwo reproduction systems remotely located and each connected by a cable adapted to carry transmitted electrical signals to an input unit associated respectively with the systems; and
FIG. 6 is an isometric schematic view of a reproduction system arranged to receive inputs of different forms from several remotely located places oforigination.
For a general understanding of a typical reproduction or printer apparatus to which the invention may be incorporated, reference is made to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, and particularly FIG. 3 wherein various components of a typical printer system is schematically illustrated. For purposes of illustration, the printer unit to be described herein is of the electrostatic type and, in particular, a xerographic reproduction machine. As in all xerographic systems, a light image of an original to be reproduced is projected onto the sensitized surface ofa xerographic plate to form an electrostatic latent image thereon. Thereafter, the latent image is developed with toner material to form a xerographic powder image corresponding to the latent image on the plate surface. The powder image is then electrostatically transferred to a record material such as a sheet or web of paper or the like to which it may be fused by a fusing device whereby the powder image is caused permanently to adhere to the surface of the record material.
For purposes of the present disclosure, the xerographic reproduction machine, indicated by the reference numeral 10 is arranged as a self-contained unit having all of its processing stations located in one unitary enclosure or cabinet. The printer unit includes an exposure station at which a light or radiation pattern of a document D positioned horizontally on a glass platen is projected onto a photoconductive surface, such as a xerographic belt 12. Imaging light rays from the document D, as flash" illuminated by lamps 14, are projected by a first mirror 16, a projection lens 17 and another mirror 18 onto the belt 12, the focal plane for the lens 17, at a position indicated in FIG. 3 by the dotted line 19.
For purposes ofmore efficient flexibility and in accomplishing the objects of the invention, it is preferred that the optical path from he platen D to the focal plane 19 including the lens 17 with mirrors l6 and 18 on either side thereof be arranged so that the mirror 18 is mounted within the printer machine 10 and that the lens 17 and the mirror 16 be mounted in the optical input unit that supports the platen or object plane for the optical path. However, for some purposes it may be more flexible to provide each of the optical input units with a mirror 18 and to end the printer unit cabinet with a wall that is closely adjacent the image plane 19.
As an interface structure and for unobstructed optical projection, the side of the cabinet for the printer 10 is formed with an enlarged rectangular opening to permit the projection of image light rays from the lens 17 to the mirror 18. Similarly, the cabinet for the input unit supporting the object plane is formed with a corresponding rectangular opening that mates with the opening in the printer cabinet when the two cabinets are operatively joined together for copy/duplicating purposes. Suitable lighttight gaskets may be utilized adjacent the exterior of each opening in the cabinets in order to minimize the leakage of unwanted extraneous light. The positions of the lens 17 and the mirrors 16 and 18 relative to the platen and the image plane 19 are such that when an input cabinet and the printer 10 are operatively jointed, the focal plane 19 will be within the plane of the belt 12 and good optical transmission ofthe document image rays will be achieved.
The xerographic belt 12 is mounted for movement around three parallel arranged rollers 20 suitably mounted in the printer unit 10. The belt may be continuously driven by a suitable motor (not shown) at an appropriate speed corresponding to the discharge response of the photoconductive material that comprises the belt and the intensity of the imaging light rays from the document D. The exposure of the belt 12 to the imaging light rays from the document discharges the photoconductive layer in the areas struck by light, whereby there remains on the belt an electrostatic latent image in configuration corresponding to the light image projected from the document. As the belt continues its movement, the electrostatic latent image passes a developing station at which there is positioned a developer apparatus 21 for developing the electrostatic latent image. After development, the. powdered image is moved to an image transfer station whereat record material or a sheet of paper just previously separated from a stack of sheets 22 is held against the surface of the belt to receive the developed powder image therefrom. The sheet is moved in synchronism with the movement of the belt during transfer of the developed image. After transfer, the sheet of paper is conveyed to a fusing station whereat a fuser device 24 is positioned to receive the sheet of paper for fusing the powder image thereon. After fusing of the powder image, the sheet of paper is conveyed to an opening in the housing for the printer unit for accumulation or distribution of the sheets of paper as they are produced.
The sheets of paper may be separated from the stack of sheets 22 arranged in the printer unit 10 and fed from the top of the stack by means of a separator roll system 26 in timed sequence with the movement of developed latent images on the belt 12.
Further details of the processing devices and stations in the printer unit 10 are not necessary to understand the present invention. A detailed description of the processing stations and components along with the other structures in the printing unit 10 are adequately disclosed in the copending application Ser. No. 731,934 to Hewes et al. filed May 24, 1968.
The printer unit also is adapted to have positioned at one end thereof and operatively associated therewith a roll converter unit indicated by the reference numeral 30. The roll converter 30 is adapted to convert a relatively large roll of paper 31 into various sizes of sheets of paper by means of a cutter device 32 and a control system (not shown) arranged to control cutting and feeding ofthe individual sheets into operative cooperation with the separator roller 26 positioned within the printer unit 10. With this arrangement, precut sheets from the stack 22 of a specific size may be fed seriatim to the transfer station for the photoconductive belt 12 or, if it is desirable to utilize sheets cut from a supply roll of record material, say for example in the event that different size sheet are required for a production run of the unit 10, the operator need only inactivate the precut paper feeding mechanism and activate the roll converter unit with the cutting device for affecting the cutting and feeding of sheets to the transfer station for the printer unit. In accomplishing the objects of the invention, the roll converter unit is housed within its own cabinet which can be moved into and out of operative position relative to the printer unit. A slot formed in the rear panel of the cabinet for the printer may be made to mate with a corresponding slot formed in the roll converter cabinet in order to permit the movement of cut sheets from one cabinet to the other. Once inside the printer unit cabinet, the sheets fed from the roll converter unit are transported by the sheet moving devices for the stack 22.
As shown in FIG. 1 at the other end of the printer unit 10, there is positioned an output tray 40 arranged to receive sheets of paper as they pass through a slot 4| formed in a wall housing for the unit 10 The conveyor (not shown) associated with the fuser unit 24 is adapted to transport finished copy sheets through the slot and into the tray. in place ofthe output tray 40, a sorter or multiple sorter unit 42 may be positioned in order to receive sheets of paper from the unit 10. The slot 41 may also be utilized to direct fused finished copy sheets to various finishing stations such as staplers, binders, joggers, etc. Whereas the output tray 40 will accumulate a particular production run of the unit 10. the sorter units 42 are adapted to sort the individual sheets in accordance with a predetermined plan that may be programmed for the sorter unit 42. For versatility, the operator need only attach the output tray 40 to the printer cabinet, or bring the sorter units into operative engagement with the output conveyor for the printer unit.
1n FlG. 1 there is also shown two optical input units 45, 46 that may be utilized to effect individually, or by combined use, the exposure of the belt 12 at the focal plane or exposure station 19. The first optical unit 45 is provided with a suitable transparent platen upon which original documents of different sizes and forms may be positioned for illumination thereof. Details of such a unit were previously described in relation to FIG. 3 and like structure will be designated with the same reference numerals. A flexible platen cover C may be positioned to rest upon the top of the document being illuminated from below and within the unit housing. Within the cabinet for the unit 45, the illumination lamps 14 may be mounted and supplied with electrical power, and the mirror 16 may also be positioned to direct light rays through the sides of the two rectangular openings formed in the adjacent unit 45 and the unit 10. Preferably the projection lens 17 is also made part of the optical unit 45 and the mirror 18 remains apart of the pair unit 10, as shown in FIG. 2. 1n the event a system arrangement utilizes a mirror 18 for each imaging input unit so that the printer unit ends along the plane of the belt 12, the catch tray 40 or sorters and the fuser unit 24 must be arranged above the printer unit.
The optical unit 45 in being adapted to accommodate original documents, books or the like characterized by having standard print size may be considered a 1:1 image forming device. Besides a standard 8 /2 inches X 11 inches letter size original, the unit platen, mirror 16 and lens 17 is capable of accepting 12 inches X 18 inches side-by-side originals or 5 inches X 8 inches cards, or any other desirable size or shape of original. The resultant copy sheets which bears The same size of information to be copied may be cut in the roll converter 30 to match the sizes of the originals. By incorporating a suitable add-lens to the projection lens 17, which is capable of varying the magnification power of the lens, a larger document such as a two page original may be applied to the plate on the unit 45 for effecting a reduction of size of the informational area of the original upon a small size of copy paper.
The other optical input unit 46 is adapted to feed minidata cards 47 in the form of aperture cards, 3X opaque cards, microfiche or the like across a scanning station positioned with the unit. The data on the cards may be enlarged to desired magnification and directed to a mirror in the unit for projection by a lens out of the unit cabinet through an interface opening in the side thereof. A corresponding opening is formed in the cabinet for the printer 10 for permitting the impingement ofimage light rays upon the mirror 18.1n FIG. 2, the imaging light rays so produced are directed along the optical axis onto the mirror 18 turned to the position indicated by the dotted line 0 for exposing the photoconductor belt 12. The minicards 47, in the form of aperture cards are formed with suitable openings into which are secured film chips such as microfilm frames having information reduced to a size of between 12.x and 16x. 1f the cards 47 are of the opaque type, the minidata thereon, having been printed by a previous process, are generally of a size approximately one-third the size ofthe original information, unreduced.
In any event, with the use of either card form, a suitable automatic card pickoff and scanning system for presenting the minidata of each card in seriatim or, repeatedly for multiple copies thereof, may be utilized in order to accomplish a production run of the printer unit 10 for a predetermined number of cards placed in the unit 46. Such as automatic card pickoff and scanning system that may be incorporated into the input unit 46 is disclosed in the U.S. Pat No. 3,379,106 to Hewes et al. For scanning and projecting microfiche frames, the unit 46 may incorporate the microfiche handling mechanism disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,372,627 to Murray et al.
Actuating and control means may be incorporated into the printer unit 10 and operatively connected to the units 45, 46 for imparting rotation to the mirror 18 in a direction or position, as shown. in FIG. 2, in order to receive and direct light rays from either of the optical input units 45, 46 to the image plane 19.
Alternatively, either of the units 45 or 46 may contain its own respective programming circuits for controlling operation of the printer unit 10. Such control may also effect the proper orientation of the mirror 18 and control either of the paper supply units, that is, the paper feeder apparatus 22, 26 or the roll converter 30. A control panel and housing 48 on the unit 45 may be utilized for this programming and control and may contain the conventional On-Off" switches; the number of copies selector switch; a copy counter indicator; a switch for the selection of paper feeder apparatus 22, 26 or roll converter 30 and the size of the sheets to be cut if the latter paper supply is to be utilized; the control for the sorter system 42 if one is to be in use and, distribution, that is, the number of copies for each distributee. Similarly, the unit 46 may include a control panel and housing 49 for these purposes.
Another arrangement of optical input units is shown in FIG. 4, wherein the printer unit has associated therewith an optical input unit 50 similar to input unit 45 but including an automatic document feed mechanism 52. The document feeder is arranged upon the top of the cabinet for the unit 50 and is adapted to feed in seriatim original documents across the platen for the unit 50 in order to affect a precollated production run of the printer unit 10 for a stack of documents placed in the document feeder 52. The unit 50 includes a projection lens system 17 and a mirror similar to the mirror 16 for directing image light rays from documents being fed, to the mirror 18 ofthe printer unit 10.
On the other side of the printer unit 10, there is show in H0. 4 another optical input unit 53 arranged to support a microfilm reel projection system 54 having an enlargement optical system for enlarging to full size the information on each of the microfilm framesv The unit 50 is provided with a control paneling and housing 55 similar to the panel 48 and may include specific document feeding control such as for number of copies per document. The unit 53 includes its own control panel and housing 56 which is similar to the panel 48 but including specific microfilm reel controls such as frame selection, fast wind or rewind, automatic frame advancing control.
Each of the units 50, 53 is formed with an opening in a side of the cabinet therefor, that is adapted to cooperate with corresponding openings formed in the printer unit 10 in order to permit the transmission of imaging rays from either of the op tical units 50, 53 to the photoconductor l2.
Another arrangement of optical input units is illustrated in FIG. 5 wherein there is shown two copying/duplicating machines 10, each coupled with transmitting and receiving devices 60 and 62, each coupled with transmitting and receiving devices 60 and 62 respectively, to form reproduction system capable of producing readable hard copy from information received by way of telephone cables or by RF signals. Each reproduction system may be operated in a different location such as distant cities or the various floors of a large office building and, are operatively connected together by a two way cable or RF link illustrated by the reference numeral 64. Each reproduction system is a duplicate of the other and is connected by suitable cables or RF links that will permit the transmission of video facsimile and control signals. While any number of reproduction systems may be employed, only two are illustrated and these are operatively arranged so that control signals and information to be copied can be transmitted and received in either direction. Since both reproduction systems are duplicates, only one will be described in some detail.
Each reproduction system includes a printer unit 10 in cooperative relationship with the optical input 45 previously described, and, an electrical-optical converter in the form of the transmitting and receiving facsimile apparatus 60 or 62, as the case may be. The unit 60. 62 is adapted, in one mode of operation, to convert input video facsimile signals into a corresponding optical representation of the information supplied in the signal. This may be accomplished by a CRT adapted to receive electric signals indicative of the information ofa document scanned by a flying spot" scanner of another CRT'in the other reproduction system and to effect flying spot" scanning upon the mirror 18 in the printer unit 10. in another mode of operation, the CRT in the unit 60, is adapted to scan a document positioned on a suitable platen for this unit and to produce corresponding video signals and to transmit these signals to the duplicate unit 62 in the other reproduction system. With both modes of operation, the electrical-optical converters or facsimile apparatus are adapted to produce video signals, transmit the same to remote locations and to receive video signals for converting the same to facsimile reproductions of documents being reproduced. Details of an optical unit type portrayed by the unit 60 may be found in the U.S. Pat. No. 3,149,201 to Huber et al. and therefore further details thereof are not necessary. As previously stated, the signals received by the unit 60 are generated from the similar unit 62 associated with the other reproduction unit.
The arrangement illustrated in FIG. 5 then has the capability of producing copies directly from the documents by virtue of the optical input unit 45 at 1:1 or other magnification The arrangement is also capable of reproducing information carried by way of a cable or an RF link in the form of video signals from relatively long distances and to present this information in graphical form suitable for reproduction by printer unit 10. The units 60, 62 may include their own specific controls for operation and also supervisory controls which integrate into the controls of each other and other similar facsimile units that may be employed in the arrangement of F IG. 5. Such controls are disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No. 3,303,280 to Fox et al. and further detailed disclosure thereof is not necessary for the present invention.
The arrangement is additionally capable of receiving inputs simultaneously from both units 45 and, 60 or 62, the combination 0 which is adapted to produce on a single sheet, representation from both informational sources. When an original is being scanned by the unit 60 while on the platen for the unit 45, the mirror 18 is moved out of the optical path. The system is also capable of transmitting information from an original placed on the platen for the unit 45 for reproduction thereof at a remote location at the same time the same original is being copied by the printer unit 10 located at the originating station. This may be accomplished by utilizing a mirror 18 that is semitransparent and capable of presenting an image at the exposure station 19 for the unit 10 while at the same time allowing the image to be received by the unit 60 and converted to a corresponding video signal for transmission to the unit 62.
Another arrangement of imaging units for reproduction purposes is illustrated in FIG. 6. In this arrangement, the printer unit 10 is combined with 1:1 document optical input unit 45 and an interface unit 70 which may be a character generator adapted to convert electromagnetic signals, such as video facsimile signals to graphic representations suitable for producing an image configuration on the photoconductor belt 12 in the unit 10. The unit 70 is provided with a mirror and a lens such as the mirror 16 and the lens 17 in the unit 45 and is formed with an opening in a wall of the cabinet therefor, thereby effecting cooperation with the corresponding opening in the unit 10 and the mirror 18. This cooperation, as in the other previously described arrangement, establishes an operative engagement between the signal-to-graphic interface unit 70 with the printer unit.
The interface unit 70 is illustrated as being coupled to two remotely located facsimile units 72, 74 by way of cables 76. Each of the units 72, 74 is adapted to scan optically original and to convert the resultant optical image to electric signals. In this function, the units 72, 74 are similar to the facsimile devices 60, 62 in the arrangement of FIG. 5. The electric signals produced by the units 72, 74 being indicative of the op tical images of the originals, are transmitted by the respective units to the interface unit for conversion of the signals into corresponding optical representations that can be utilized to produce electrostatic images on the belt 12.
The interface unit 70 is also operatively coupled by cables 78 to two remotely located alphanumeric transmitting devices 80, 82 each being provided with an alpha-numeric typewriter keyboard. Use of one of the units by an operator serves to produce signals indicative of the alpha-numeric characters selected by the operator on the respective keyboard. These signals are converted to alpha-numeric characters by the interface unit 70 in order to present corresponding optical images for reproduction by the printer unit 10. A tape recording device 84 is coupled into the cables 78 and may receive simultaneous recording when either of the units 80, 82 is operated in order to permit a latter playback for the interface unit. Any other previously produced tape may be utilized instead of those produced with the units 80, 82 in order to acquire hard, readable copy from the printer 10 of the material contained in the tape.
For still further versatility, the cables 78 are also connected to a voice recognition scanner 86 which is adapted to produce electrical signals indicative of audio transcription such as voice induced recordings. Such scanner may include an optical scanning device for converting recognized sound recordings into a corresponding optical representation and the into a video facsimile signal representative of the optical results. The video signal may then be transmitted and converted by the interface unit 70 into optical images suitable for reproduction as line copy by the printer unit 10. Incorporate with the units 70 may be suitable storage and retrieval systems having a computer that will use audiotape, videotape or even movie film as a storage form. Any number of different retrieval devices may be then utilized to recall stored information from the computer for print out purposes by the printer unit l0.
With the arrangements comprising the l:l optical input unit 45 in combination with: in FIG. 1, the minicard unit 46, in FIG. 4 the microfilm reel projection system 53; in FIG. 5, the transmitting and receiving facsimile system 60; in FIG. 6, the signal to graphic interface unit 70 and any one or all of the input devices thereto, there is provided standard copying/duplicating service in the form of the unit 45 and any one of a multitude of other services capable of accepting and handling other various forms of information for conversion to a form which can be utilized for producing hard readable copy.
Other arrangements of inputs to the printer unit 10 may be incorporated than those illustrated in FIGS. 1,4, 5, and 6. Fox example, in FIG. 1 the M optical unit 45 may be replaced by the microfilm reel projection system 53 thereby allowing the user full use of most types of miniaturized masters such as microfilm, microfiche, aperture cards and opaque cards in the event that a particular production run is to involve exclusively stored data material. in such an arrangement, the control panel 56 for the unit 53 may include additional controls which are effective to operate the respective units sequentially. Another arrangement would integrate either of the two miniature input form units 46, 53 with either of the facsimile systems 60 or 70 with some of the devices 72, 74, 80, 82, 84, and 86.
For any arrangement of input units, operative cooperation is assured as between the units and/or the printer unit 10 optical systems, by the physical association of the cabinets for the units, and the matching openings which permit the transmission of imaging light rays between the input units and the printer unit. Locking clamps may be provided on all the units for preventing the inadvertent movement of the unit during use and, interlock switches and alignment devices may be utilized on each unit for insuring proper optical alignment of all the optical structure involved and to terminate or suspend operation in the event misalignment or separation of units oc cur. For facility, each of the units are provided with caster wheels and locking brakes thereby aiding in the movement of the units into and out of cooperative engagement. The positioning of the optical input units may be reversed, assuming that units are available which are oriented as left-handed and right-handed. or only one input unit utilized and the printer unit positioned against an office wall. This latter arrangement has significant advantage if there is a shortage of office space.
With the printer unit fixed against a wall, each optical input unit can be applied as needed rather than arranging two input units in operative engagement with the printer unit.
From the foregoing it may be appreciated that the present invention allows the use ofa single reproduction unit in conjunction with a multitude of different optical input units, paper supply devices and paper output apparatus. it will be apparent that arrangements other than those described above may be devised without departing from the scope of the invention which is limited only by the accompanying claims.
What l claim is:
1. in a system for recording originals of different forms, the system having processing stations for producing a record indicative of an original, said system including a support structure,
an image receiving surface supported by the support structure for receiving imaging rays of an original to be recorded,
a first imaging unit for producing imaging rays indicative of originals having a first form and at approximately a oneto-one magnification,
a second imaging unit for producing imaging rays indicative of originals of a form different from the form of the originals associated with said first unit,
means for operatively connecting selectively each of said units to the support structure and in image projecting relation to said image receiving surface,
and means for producing an imaging relationship of the units with the image receiving surface thereby effecting the presentation of the imaging rays of the originals from the first unit and the second unit upon the image receiving surface.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein said means for producing an imaging relationship between the units and the image receiving surface includes at least one optical element arranged to direct the imaging light rays from the units to said surface.
3. The system of claim 2 wherein said optical element is a reflecting surface and includes means for moving said reflecting surface to at least two positions each of which permitting the imaging rays correspondingly from the units.
4. In a system for recording information of different forms, the system having processing station for producing a record indicative of the information, said system including a support structure,
an image receiving surface supported by the support structure for receiving imaging rays of the information to be recorded,
a first imaging unit for producing imaging rays indicative of information in micro form and to project an enlarged image of the information,
a second imaging unit for producing imaging rays indicative of the information of a form different from the form of the information associated with said first unit,
means for operatively connecting selectively each of said units to the support structure and in image projecting relation to said image receiving surface,
and means for producing an imaging relationship of the units with the image receiving surface thereby effecting the presentation of the imaging rays of the information from the first unit and the second unit upon the image receiving surface.
5. The system of claim 4 wherein the micro information is carried on card material and said first imaging unit includes means for receiving and handling the card material.
6. The system ofclaim 5 wherein said second unit is adapted to receive a microfilm reel and to project enlarged images of the information thereon.
7. In a system for electrostatically recording information existing or initiated in a plurality of different forms, the system having electrostatic processing stations for producing a record indicative of the information, said system including a support structure,
an image receiving surface supported by the support structure for receiving imaging rays indicative of the information to be recorded,
an image receiving station for receiving imaging rays indicative ofthe information,
an imaging unit for producing imaging rays of each form of information,
means for operatively connecting selectively each of said units at the imaging station, and for producing an imaging relationship with said image receiving surface for effecting the presentation of the imaging rays of the information thereon.
8. The system of claim 7 wherein one of said units includes means for producing imaging rays for an image having a magnification of one-to-one relative to the information in its originating form.
9. system The of claim 7 wherein one of said units includes means for receiving video signals indicative of information to be recorded and including means for converting the video signals to imaging rays.
l0. The system of claim 7 wherein one of said units includes means for receiving electric signals indicative of information to be recorded and including means for converting the electric signals to imaging rays.
11. The system of claim 10 including means responsive to actuation of a keyboard in the formation of characters thereby for producing said electric signals.
12. The system of claim 10 including tape recording and playback means operatively connected to said means for converting electric signals for generating said signals in response to information on tape.
13. The system of claim 10 including voice recognition means operative connected to said means for converting electric signals for generating said signals in response to audio induced information.
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|Very high speed duplicator with finishing function
|May 7, 1982
|Aug 21, 1984
|Data Card Corporation
|System for forming an image on the surface of a plastic card
|Jul 7, 1982
|Jul 9, 1985
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image recording system having multiple image recording means
|Jun 4, 1984
|May 13, 1986
|Levine Alfred B
|Multiplexed photocopier system with portable scanner
|Feb 14, 1977
|Nov 18, 1986
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Copy production machines
|Jun 26, 1984
|Feb 3, 1987
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image processing method or apparatus
|Mar 17, 1986
|Oct 27, 1987
|Detsch Steven G
|Dental diagnostic method
|Feb 28, 1986
|Jun 14, 1988
|Levine Alfred B
|Off line photocopying system using portable electronic camera, visual previewing and image processing
|Aug 5, 1987
|Feb 7, 1989
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Multi-mode electrophotographic reproduction apparatus
|Jun 6, 1986
|Sep 19, 1989
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Image forming system
|Oct 6, 1987
|Nov 20, 1990
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image recording apparatus
|Dec 21, 1989
|Aug 20, 1991
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Spatial light modulator printer and method of operation
|Dec 29, 1989
|Mar 10, 1992
|Morton Silverberg
|Combined copying machine and facsimile scanner and method
|Jul 18, 1990
|Mar 17, 1992
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Document copier with job queing
|Nov 25, 1992
|Feb 15, 1994
|Xerox Corporation
|Distributed printing
|Jan 22, 1993
|Oct 18, 1994
|Kempf Georg Ulrich
|Electrophotographic copying device
|Apr 23, 1993
|Mar 28, 1995
|Xerox Corporation
|Apparatus and method for determining the page description language in which a print job is written
|Apr 2, 1993
|Jan 9, 1996
|Xerox Corporation
|Printing system with file specification parsing capability
|Sep 30, 1992
|Apr 30, 1996
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Information printing system having information processing apparatuses and printer including printing medium cassettes
|Aug 24, 1992
|Apr 30, 1996
|Xerox Corporation
|Facsimile output job sorting unit and system
|Mar 10, 1995
|Jul 2, 1996
|Xerox Corporation
|Facsimile with local correction of TRC based on destination TRC requirements
|Sep 29, 1994
|Nov 26, 1996
|Xerox Corporation
|Method of managing memory allocation in a printing system
|May 26, 1993
|Jan 14, 1997
|Xerox Corporation
|Apparatus and method for diagnosing the operation of a printing system
|Sep 29, 1994
|Feb 4, 1997
|Xerox Corporation
|Method of processing a job, in a printing system, with a composite job ticket
|Jun 12, 1995
|Apr 8, 1997
|Xerox Corporation
|Network printing system for programming a print job by selecting a job ticket identifier associated with remotely stored predefined document processing control instructions
|Dec 14, 1994
|May 6, 1997
|Xerox Corporation
|Automatic networked facsimile queuing system
|Mar 10, 1995
|Jun 10, 1997
|Xerox Corporation
|Charge code entry in preprogrammed dialing
|Sep 29, 1994
|Aug 19, 1997
|Xerox Corporation
|Apparatus and method for encoding and reconstructing image data
|Sep 29, 1994
|Oct 28, 1997
|Xerox Corporation
|Arbitrating apparatus for controlling selective access of multiple bus masters to a printing system video bus
|Jun 29, 1995
|Nov 11, 1997
|Xerox Corporation
|Multifunctional apparatus for appearance tuning and resolution reconstruction of digital images
|Sep 29, 1994
|Jan 20, 1998
|Xerox Corporation
|Apparatus and method for maximizing a rate of image data transfer in a printing system
|Jun 12, 1995
|Jul 7, 1998
|Xerox Corporation
|Apparatus and method of automatically transmitting event-related information to a user of a network printing system
|Mar 10, 1995
|Jul 6, 1999
|Xerox Corporation
|Multifunction device with printer/facsimile contention selection
|Jan 15, 1997
|Jul 6, 1999
|Xerox Corporation
|Printing machine with merging/annotating/signaturizing capability
|May 12, 1998
|Jul 24, 2001
|Xerox Corporation
|Image forming device having a reduced toner consumption mode
|Jun 7, 1995
|Oct 22, 2002
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Process of manufacturing
|Feb 16, 2000
|Feb 20, 2007
|Ricoh Co., Ltd.
|Network fax machine using a web page as a user interface
|Feb 20, 2013
|Oct 20, 2015
|Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A.
|Printing system, and a method for printing
|Feb 20, 2013
|Nov 12, 2014
|A printing system, and a method for printing
|Aug 13, 1977
|Apr 6, 1978
|Verfahren und anordnung zur herstellung von kopien
|May 3, 1983
|Oct 31, 1984
|Title not available
|May 3, 1983
|Nov 24, 1983
|Data Card Corporation
|System for forming an image on the surface of a plastic card
|U.S. Classification
|399/203, 347/134, 347/138
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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Easy to Operate Grandparents Box Sign
Grandma and grandpa will get a kick out of this sign, because its sentiment is so true. The distressed wooden sign reads "Grandparents, so easy to operate, even a child can do it" and is sure to bring a smile to their faces.

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by Wendy Simmons | January 30, 2013 12:00 pm
Despite GOP claims to the contrary, the bill they passed last week was a straightforward extension of the debt ceiling. The gimmicks in the bill don't matter … but the reordering of the coming fiscal deadlines do.
The House Republican leadership finally gave up its longstanding position that any increase in the debt-ceiling would have to be accompanied by spending cuts, equal to the dollar amount that the debt ceiling was raised. So score one for Obama. Apparently the GOP actually believed him this time when he insisted that he would not negotiate over the debt ceiling again.
Of course, John Boehner had to save a little face. So, the bill was nuanced in two ways.
First, instead of "raising" the debt ceiling, the legislation technically "suspended" the debt ceiling until May 19. This gives the very conservative wing of the Republican Party political cover — they can technically claim that they have never voted to raise the debt ceiling. Second, the bill included a provision that Congressmen would lose their pay if both the House and Senate did not pass budget blueprints.
Nancy Pelosi was right when she denounced it as a "gimmick." The 27th Amendment prevents Congress from changing members' pay in the middle of a session. So, their compensation would be impounded until the end of the term, but eventually they would get it.
While it may sound very grown-up and stern to insist that the House and Senate pass budgets in the next several months, there is no requirement that they actually agree on a budget, pass it and send it to the president for a signature. The requirement, in other words, doesn't have a lot of teeth.
While the gimmicks included in this bill are irrelevant, the changed political climate is not. We face three significant fiscal inflection points over the next four months. (I omit the April 15 deadline imposed by the House's debt ceiling legislation because I can't imagine anyone really cares whether Congress is paid on time. Nor do members have enough buying power to notably affect GDP, Darrell Issa notwithstanding.)
March 1: This is the day the "sequester cuts" supposedly take effect. These massive, across-the-board spending cuts were Congress' way of punishing itself for not agreeing to more nuanced method of deficit reduction within the confines of the "super-committee" of 2011. The fiscal cliff deal agreed to on New Year's Day postponed these inevitable cuts for just two months, in hopes that Congress and the president can agree to pare them back.
If nothing is done, the cuts happen automatically. Economists agree that sucking a large amount of money out of the economy right now would be devastating to the recovery. The Defense Department will not be spared from the hatchet — and I suspect that when push comes to shove, even those fiscally conservative legislators will favor defense contractors in their districts over ideological purity. So it's safe to assume the can will be kicked again for another month so that the two parties can work toward the next deadline.
March 27: This is the day that we could see the government shutdown. Government funding for six months was passed by "continuing resolution" back in September. In order for it to continue functioning, new legislation must be passed. A paralyzed federal government and full implementation of the sequester's cuts would be a double whammy to the economy.
It would make sense for our elected leaders to deal with both of these issues simultaneously and craft an elegant legislative solution. In fact, a "grand bargain" on the budget could, in theory, address the sequester, government funding, deficit reduction and tax reform all in one fell swoop.
May 19: The debt ceiling must be raised again.
Clearly, the GOP believes that by caving on this most recent debt-ceiling agreement, they have strengthened their hand in the budget debates over the next several months. They may be right. Raising the debt ceiling cleanly was the rational thing to do, and the Republican Party does look more sensible afterward as a result. Obama's debt-ceiling victory may turn out to be hollow. He still faces an obstinate minority, automatic undesirable budget cuts and the specter of legislating by crisis and deadline.
Given the dire possibilities facing the economy in the coming months, one might expect the markets to be jittery with uncertainty. So far, however, equities seem unfazed by the shenanigans of Congress. Investors and traders are expecting Congress to solve these looming problems sensibly.
Let's hope they're right, or we could all be in for a cold spring.
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Politics: Constituents share concerns and praise with Tim Scott
By Jackie R. Broach
As service coordinator for St. Elizabeth Place, an independent living community for the low-income elderly, Liz Nelson had a list on concerns for U.S. 1st District Rep. Tim Scott when he stopped in Pawleys Island on Wednesday.
"Everyone there is 62 or older, and they're mostly older," Nelson said. "Any time Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid come up, they get a little nervous about what's going to happen."
Those were among the issues she raised to Scott, along with inviting him to visit the community and "see tax dollars at work helping some folks who really need a helping hand."
Scott was sympathetic to challenges the elderly face, mentioning his own 91-year-old grandfather.
"We don't have to agree on everything, but we do agree we have to take care of our seniors," Scott said.
About 15 people showed up to talk with Scott about a variety of issues, or just to say hi and tell him he's doing a great job in Washington, D.C.
"I feel like for the first time we've got somebody up there that's doing what we expect him to do. We're well-represented," said Billy Thomas of Wachesaw East.
His wife, Miriam wanted to invite Scott to a shrimp supper hosted by a Republican women's group.
Ann Blake, who has a house on Pawleys Island, came to the event to get concerns about her husband's veterans benefits addressed, but as a supporter of Scott, she was also looking forward to meeting him again.
"I like him so much and I wish everybody could hear what he says," she said.
She praised Scott for being strong and honest.
"God bless you. Let me shake your hand," Scott replied, grinning and sketching a bow.
"Mama raised a kid who is more afraid of the consequences than the action itself, and when you do the right thing the consequences are small," Scott explained.
It was a Social Security issue that plagued Charlena B. Johnson of Arcadia. She took her husband to apply for benefits recently. He's a retired veteran who went into early retirement because of a health issue. She was told he doesn't qualify for benefits.
After talking with a member of Scott's staff and being promised someone would look into it and get back to her, Johnson said she felt reassured.
"All I'm looking for is going beyond the lack of a response I got" at the Social Security office, she said.
Scott also talked with constituents about prescription medicine costs, the housing market and health care reform, in addition to entertaining war stories and giving a candidate advice on how to connect with constituents while campaigning.


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Hartzell Model HC 12X20 Airplane Propeller Vintage
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I know absolutely nothing about airplanes or airplane parts but this has been laying at the my friend's house for years. I took a chance and bought it thinking I could find a good home for it.It is a Hartzell propeller. It reads: Hartzell, Prod. Cert. 10, SN 6636, Type LRI.845, Model HC 12X20. The number on the hub is H5435 and H8890, a number on the weight is 2029. It measures 84 inches long and 8 inches at the widest part of the prop. It appears to be in good cosmetic condition with minor scratches in the paint. I took a close up picture of the yellow tip w it looks like a crack but it is just a scratch in the paint. I know nothing about the mechanical condition. It is Being sold "as is" . Buyer is to arrange shipping or pickup, we will help as much as possible. We accept money orders, cashiers checks and personal checks (waiting period). NO ONLINE PAYMENTS!
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text:
Your in luck if you're still looking for Christmas gifts for your favorite people. Optics planet is having a sale and they have an huge selection of holiday gifts for you to choose from. Is there a chance that your parents or maybe your brother might get some use out of a pair of binoculars? If not then perhaps some sunglasses, goggles, rangefinders or even one of their many types of flashlights might be a good choice?
Optics planet offers discount prices on brand name products and right now they are also providing free UPS delivery on orders that are over $29.95.


text:
There are a number of methods of studying for RDR-compliant qualifications open to IFAs, from self-study, to learing exam technique to companies offering remote or online study programmes.
Another option is to sign up to one of the adviser academies run by the big product providers.
Ask IFAs Gavin Wise and Andrew McArdle why they registered with the Aviva Financial Adviser Academy and you will find the word relationship crops up more than once. Both advisers had already established strong relationships with Aviva, making the academy their first port of call for support when studying for their RDR qualifications. Relationships with other IFAs is another common thread as Aviva's group-based revision workshops turn the solitary experience of studying into something more social.
The Aviva Financial Adviser Academy was established in 2008 and offers free revision support for the CII, the IFS, Calibrand and CIOBS exams through revision workshops, virtual classrooms, practice exam questions and revision techniques.
Wise, managing director of Wise Financial Consulting, had previously benefited from Aviva's help in repositioning his business.
He says: "I had a good relationship with Aviva as they helped me strip the business down and make cost savings, which I would recommend to other IFAs. When the RDR came along, we all had to make sure we had the level four diplomas. Scottish Widows had an academy to support advisers and Zurich were also doing it. But Aviva had been so good with stripping down the businesses that I decided to go with them."
McArdle, director of Professional Wealth Management (Yorkshire), found the academy useful in returning to study as an adult.
McArdle was prompted to use the academy by his Aviva business development manager and says: "The subject matter was not easy but the assistance made it extremely easy. The training style is very interactive, with everything there to be discussed."
Wise says another advantage of joining one of the academy programmes is the group learning sessions.
Wise says: "Being an IFA, many are isolated from the corporate world. We may know a fair amount of IFAs but we can still be solitary creatures. At the academy we all came together, with about 10 to 12 in a group. We were sitting the same papers and would break everything down in to bite-sized chunks and look at questions that were likely to appear in the exams.
"The academy is like being back in the corporate world, with 12 heads being better than one. There is safety in numbers and being part of a group meant we knew if we were on the right or wrong track. The fruits of that approach were borne out as I passed the exam with flying colours last November."
A clear vision of what to do once the minimum qualifications are attained is crucial in preparing for the post-RDR world.
For McArdle, who achieved all his qualifications in April, the chartered route presents the best career opportunities. "We are appointed representatives of a financial planning company that tends to look after high-net-worth clients. The opportunities that this throws up will ensure our recurring fee income stream is kept up."
Wise says: "Banks have been putting their advisers to the sword, so, for me, the opportunity post-RDR is huge. I am looking at expanding the business mainly through appointed representatives and self-employed advisers. The opportunities are there even in the depths of a double dip recession as there are not enough IFAs to go round."


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A few days ago, I decided to take down the Library pages on my blog. Formerly, I was using the Now Reading plug-in to power the library aspect of my site. Ultimately, the plug-in was more work than it was worth – it didn't have the greatest interface in the world, adding books was a pain, and every time I changed my theme I needed to tweak the templates to match the style of the new theme. I ended up spending more time messing with the library page layouts than I did reading.
I figured using a separate site to tracks my books would be easier, so I played with LivingSocial for a while after I joined FaceBook, since it was there. It was ok, but didn't offer a way to note when you finished a book, which I liked about Now Reading. Being able to see how many books I read in a given year, or the order I finished them in, was nice.
That's when I turned to Goodreads. Like LibraryThing, Shelfari and many other sites, Goodreads is a social cataloging site where users can track books they've read, are currently reading, or would like to read, and can share that information with other users. Each book is added to one of three "shelves" (to-read, read, or currently-reading), and can be added to any number of other shelves of the user's creation. Additionally, users can record the date they read the book, the number of times they've read it, who they would recommend it to, who recommended it to them, and their rating and review of the book. Those features alone make Goodreads quite handy, but there are a few more ways to extend it that I like. You can display your Goodreads library on Facebook or a blog via apps and widgets, and there's a bookmarklet for adding books to Goodreads directly from Amazon.
Hopefully now I can actually spend more time reading, rather than just queueing up books that look interesting.


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In Reply to: I know what you're talking about, w/the enlarged pores... posted by Anne on November 01, 2000 at 15:56:43:
: My skin never got oilier, but even at week 13, I have what seems to be large pores on my nose, but I can squeeze them, white stuff comes out (ew!) and then they disappear. I also seem to get more blackheads than before Accutane, though. How is your skin otherwise?
My skin is so much clear it is almost unreal. It is so much smoother without all those whiteheads. I have not noticed any blackheads yet. I just have those very large pores on my nose and I have one zit on my chin, that is all. Thanks for sharing with me.
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Police negotiators were trying to talk to her when she apparently jumped.
The 41-year-old woman fell from the car park roof at the Wheatsheaf centre in Rochdale.
Ambulance staff were on stand-by and she was taken to hospital in a life-threatening condition but later died.
On Friday, the woman appeared angry and upset when specially trained officers told her at home of the acquittal earlier in the day, said Greater Manchester Police.
She was offered support by the officers.
Later that evening, the woman called police in a distressed state and officers returned to her home along with ambulance staff.
She was calmer when the officers went there, and they again gave her advice and made another referral to partner agencies helping to give her support.
Greater Manchester Police have referred the matter to the Independent Police Complaints Commission.
And a full investigation will be launched to establish the circumstances surrounding her death.
Assistant Chief Constable Dawn Copley said: "The woman had been a complainant in a case that recently concluded at court.
"And throughout that process specially trained officers from Greater Manchester Police had been providing her with regular support and advice.
"This is a terribly sad end to what has been a long and difficult case."
Sky's Martin Brunt said the woman had twice given evidence as an alleged victim of rape.
He added: "A man was acquitted on Friday at the end of a trial first, and then a re-trial.
"She was one of seven alleged rape victims and the man was cleared of all charges.
"It's difficult to think that there isn't a connection between her experience in the witness box and the events this morning."
:: Watch Sky News live on television, on Sky channel 501, Virgin Media channel 602, Freeview channel 82 and Freesat channel 202.


text:
Tom Galvin, who has spent 30 years in restaurant design focusing on kitchens in projects around the country. His work can be seen everywhere from Darden Restaurants chains to independents. Galvin of Winter Garden recently spoke with Orlando Sentinel reporter Sandra Pedicini.
CFB: How have kitchen design and restaurants changed over your career?
Light foods, more salads, less calories, things of that nature. The trend is basically a Seasons 52 menu. That's where everybody is moving to ... You're seeing right now a lot more open kitchens, more of a European kitchen. It's a very difficult thing to work. It takes longer to serve you. You have to work around, not on a straight line. The difference between Europeans and us is, they enjoy eating and they take their time. We just eat. That's all we do, and so it's reflected in exactly how we design things. The biggest, hottest item right now, you look at something called the plancha. This is a griddle that's not insulated, that gets up to 850 degrees. It can sear meat right away. There's other fascinating equipment out there. There's an anti-griddle. It is something you put into a dessert area that actually has a temperature of negative 50 degrees, below zero and you take products, you kind of fold them together and they freeze almost immediately and you scrape it off and put it on a plate. That kind of technology is out there. Not too many people even know about that piece of equipment. Induction cooking is another thing. It's very quick, using magnetic technology. In order to work with an induction burner, you have to change the entire way you know how to cook. On the induction it's 75 percent quicker. If you sear a piece of meat on the induction, you wait. You're almost done with everything else, then you put the stuff on the induction. It speeds things up.
CFB: You mentioned open kitchens. Are more restaurants asking for open kitchens?
We're getting more people asking about it. You have to be very careful. The big difference between an open kitchen … you're paying those people a lot more per hour, so your labor cost is higher on an open kitchen. When a client comes to us and says we want an open kitchen, we say, be prepared to pay these people more per hour because they're on display. They become like wallpaper actually that moves around.
CFB: Is there more demand for green design?
Everybody's talking about it. . . . They need to look at their electric bill, water, drainage, sewage, gas consumption, things of that nature. Unfortunately they don't take that into consideration. They look at the overall equipment cost. As consultants we try to educate them. . . No matter what we map out, in comes the equipment dealer who says those magic words to my client, "I can save you (money)" and everything's out the window. We can say, "That's great, but over a five-year period you're actually going to save more money if you put what we originally specified."
CFB: Are you getting pushed more to cut costs?
Yes ... Ultimately the owner has the last say. He or she is signing the check. I talk to my class about this, I'll go through case studies where I've zeroed in and shown them the problem areas. I've had a student raise their hand and say, didn't you draw this? I'll say yes, I did. I'm telling you where the mistake is. I knew I didn't want to do this, but the owner said this is what I want.
CFB: What are some of your favorite restaurant designs, that you weren't involved in? I love Tchoup Chop at Universal Studios. Not only is at an open kitchen, I look at all the hand-blown glass, the water, the lilies in the water. There's a lot of red. If you use too much red it can have…a negative effect. Things will look like it's muddied or gray. There's just enough yellows and reds and blues in there. You walk in there, you've got to smile.. . . I spend too much time staring and not enjoying my food.


text: Hi all, Never done tattoo photographing before, and soon I am planning to do it. Since I use only B&W it is hard to find some discussion in that direction - so I am open for some tips and tricks Planing to use micro nikkor 55mm/3.5 lens for micro shots, and 105/2.5 nikkor, 50mm/f nikkor and 50mm summicron-M for normal shots; outdoors or next to windows (I don´t use flash). Film: probably HP5 plus in HC110 or TriX and Fomapan 400 in Rodinal (but I am open for other suggestions). Paper: Fotokemika emaks grade 2 fiber based paper in ilford multigrade or in Moersch eco developer. thanks,


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text: Video News: Canada 11 Best Moments From the 2015 MTV VMA's HOLY SH** YOU GUYS. I just finished watching tonight's VMAs and I don't even know what happened but apparently we're breaking down our top highlights right here… right now… on Clevver's Trophy Life. © DailyMotion - Monday, August 31, 2015


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Schumacher 60mm Titanium Turnbuckle (Purple) (2)
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This is a set of optional Schumacher 53mm Titanium Turnbuckles, and are intended for use with the Schumacher Cat SX2 and Cougar SV 1/10 electric buggies. These are used as front camber links on the Cat SX2, and as front and rear camber links on the Cougar SV.
This product was added to our catalog on September 8, 2010.


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2011-06-23 / Top News
One permit approved, other renewed
WARM SPRINGS — The Bath County Board of Zoning Appeals approved one new conditional use permit and renewed another Monday. A permit request by Anthony Skeens to operate an auto repair shop at 100 Ridge Road in the Millboro area was approved. Skeens' permit is good for five years.
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Full versions of news stories from the current issue and our extensive archives are available to online subscribers only. You can buy single issues from the link below.


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Chapter 9 : The Chapter In Which Sirius Finds Himself Out of His Element.
|Rating: 15+
|Chapter Reviews: 92
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A/N Here's chapter 9! Thanks to all my loyal reviewers and readers! I love you guys so much. This chapter is dedicated to Sirius...and we find that he is learning to take responsibility of things in his life and is maybe maturing a teensy weensy bit. Is there a switch back in the near future?...read on my friends...
Disclaimer - J.K. Rowling owns the wonderful...well...everything.
Sirius woke the next morning in Lilys bed, head throbbing, body full of scratches, to the voice of a girl.
Lily are you alright? Christina asked Sirius from the other side of the room, You look like you were out all night playing in the dirt.
Sirius held back a laugh but allowed himself a smile.
You dont know the half of it, he replied, stretching as he did so.
Last night had been an interesting full moon. Once he had caught up with James somewhere in the dark forest, the two of them had searched for nearly an hour before they came across Remus in his werewolf form. They ran around in the fog together, Sirius letting his animal instincts take over everything else, feeling relaxed for the first time since the switch. The three of them had never found Peter in the fog however, but Sirius felt confident that James would ask him where he was last night. When they all woke up that was.
He didnt remember coming into the girls dormitory at any time, and was quite surprised to see that he had at some time dressed himself in Lilys pink pajamas bottoms, and had found a matching tank top in the dark.
Sitting up on the bed, Sirius yawned, before asking Christina what time it was.
Its ten, Lily, she replied.
Well thats about two hours too early, Sirius thought to himself, knowing that in the marauders dorm, all of the boys would be asleep until at least noon. It was the norm following a full moon adventure.
Sirius watched Christina finish up her mascara in a little mirror that she held in her hand, wearing a confused expression on his face, before talking once more.
Why do you wear that stuff, love?
He could have kicked himself.
Oh my God did I just call her love? he frantically thought to himself, It must be this lack of a girlfriend thing. You idiot, Sirius, act like a girl!
But Christina didnt seem to notice as she checked to make sure that her hair was straight before putting her mirror away.
I do it to look nice Lily. Why do you wear it? Well, besides your obvious reason, of course, she asked as she sat down on her bed smiling, so that she was now across from Sirius.
What do you mean my obvious reason? he asked, curious as to what she thought. He wasnt even aware that Lily ever wore mascara.
But then again, he didnt even know what mascara was before quite recently.
Well we all know that Potter is obsessed with your eyes, right? I mean he talks about them all of the time, she started slowly wondering when Lily would catch on to where she was going with this.
So what are you saying? That Lil I mean I wear mascara to make my eyes stand out so that Ja Potter will notice them? he asked incredulously.
This was news to him, and would definitely be front-page news to James once he told him.
Well oh come on Lily! You must feel a little flattered when Potter compliments you all of the time! I mean its James freaking Potter! she began.
I dont know what youre talking about, Sirius began not really wanting to have to talk about Lilys feelings when she wasnt even in the room. In all honesty, he had no idea how she truthfully felt about James. And he didnt usually talk about feelings anyways. Well not with anyone other then James. Er I have to go to the bathroom, Ill be right back.
Whatever Lils, I know the truth, she said before packing a lipgloss into her white jean purse that was laying right next to her, as Sirius walked to the bathroom.
Five minutes later, he returned not looking any better then he had going in there, clutching his right hand as if he had touched his hand to fire or something worse.
What the hell is that thing? He asked Christina, still clutching his hand as if it was going to fall off from the pain at any minute.
What happened now Lily? Youve really been doing stupid things lately, do you know that? she asked walking over to where Sirius was standing giving evil glares to her and to the bathroom for that matter.
That evil snapping weapon thing on the counter burned me when I tried to move it! I mean, maybe a Slytherin put it there or something and was hoping that it would attack us when we least expected it! I think it has some permanent sticking charm on it or something because it seems to be attached to the wall, Sirius started on his rant about the evil snapping weapon he had encountered in the bathroom.
Lily stop! Are you serious? Christina asked before Sirius grabbed her by the hand and pulled her to the bathroom to show her the deadly weapon.
There. See, its attached to the wall, I cant get rid of it, Sirius said, genuinely worried as he pointed to the thing he was afraid of.
Christina sighed as she pulled the wire that was attaching the weapon to the wall, and picked up the small object by the handle Sirius had neglected to notice on his first trip to the battlefield.
Lily Evans, let me introduce you to my Hair Straightener, she said, before rolling her eyes, placing the hot iron back on the counter, and exiting the bathroom.
Sirius, thinking to himself how brave girls must be to have the courage to risk being burnt by a metal rod every morning, touched the handle once as if making sure it wouldnt bite him, and then followed Christina into the dorm room.
I guess you learn something new every day, eh Christy? he said, with a grin on his, or rather Lilys, face.
Ya sure Lily, she said, looking over at her friend, wondering if she had actually been playing in the dirt last night. Then remembering something, she stated very fast, Lily what are you doing! You should be getting ready!
What? Its Sunday, my dear. Im not getting ready until much, much later! Sirius said, and then went as far as to go back under the covers of his bed. His head was throbbing even more now after his little battle with the hair straightener, and the fresh scratches from last night werent healed yet.
You have to tutor that kid today, Lily! In half an hour actually and you havent even eaten breakfast or gotten dressed yet! She said, as she picked up her purse and walked over to the door.
Well that was something he hadn't expected.
Wait! What? Tutor? No bloody way Christina, its Sunday morning and I dont even pay attention in class in the first place anyways! Sirius said frantically as he jumped out of the bed and searched for Lilys book that had all of the months events in it.
Opening the small pink book, he sure enough saw, in Lilys handwriting, the words Tutoring 11:00 Library Third Year. under the spot that said Sunday.
Sirius, looking as if he would rather jump out of the widow to his right then go and sit in the library with some third year, ran his hands through his hair and looked at Christina frantically.
Where are you going? Dont make me do this, he practically yelled, noticing for the first time that none of the other girls were in the room with them.
Im going down for breakfast, and then to meet our group outside by the lake. Ill see you at twelve, right? After youre done tutoring the kid. Dont let him give you any crap this time, alright?, Christina said as she turned the handle on the door, revealing the hallway that led down to the common room. Oh and Lily? Thanks for the talk last night. I shouldnt have broken down like that but the break-up just came as a shock I guess. I cant believe James saw me crying! At least it wasn't Sirius... she finished before walking out into the hallway and closing the door behind her.
Sirius stood alone in the girls room trying to figure out the fastest way to get ready. A week ago he wouldve killed to be alone in the girls dorm, but now he had no time to enjoy it as he had to get ready very fast if he wanted to be down at the library in less then half an hour.
He was glad that girls didnt have to shave every single day like guys did, because he had luckily shaved Lilys legs yesterday. He knew he wouldnt have time to do it again if he had to today, because it had taken him an hour of grumbling about why girls have to have such long legs, to get the job done. Sirius quickly got in the shower, cursing the need of girls to use more then one type of scented shampoo at a time.
He of course was well aware of the fact that he didn't need to use the sweetly scented shampoo's, but he just kept telling himself that he had to keep up with Lily's good smells. In truth, he liked having perfumed hair that would wave in his face from time to time. Maybe liked it a little too much for his liking.
Once clean, (and smelling good), he jumped out, quickly wrapped a towel around his now small body and grabbed frantically for the brush. Then, remembering that Lilys long hair took a very long time to dry, he reached for his wand instead and muttered the simple drying spell that he had learned the first time he and James had fallen into the lake.
Hair dry, Sirius, thoroughly annoyed by the way it kept getting in his mouth and eyes, decided to throw all of his pride away and attempt pigtails. Once he had successfully put his red hair into the tiny ponytail holders, (on the sixth try mind you), he frantically brushed his teeth as fast as he could and then reached for the vanilla lipgloss. He had decided that he didnt have time to put on any makeup today, and was grateful that Lily didnt need it anyways. However, he had grown fond of the vanilla lipgloss and couldnt resist the tube just lying on the counter in front of him. Once lips fully moisturized, Sirius rolled his eyes and stepped out of the bathroom remembering that he still had a towel on and needed to pick clothes.
Running to the closet, Sirius, very excited, looked at all of the outfits that Lily owned. One of his favorite parts of being Lily was looking at all of her clothing and picking outfits that matched, for he never knew that someone could own that much fabric. Since it was Sunday, he knew that he wouldnt have to wear the usual Gryffindor skirt that Lily always had to wear to classes. He eventually decided ten minutes later on a flowing white skirt that went past his knees, a simple black t-shirt, and black slip on sandals. Checking once more that his outfit matched, Sirius laughed to himself wondering what James would say if he could see him now. Deciding that he didn't want to run that conversation through his head, he compromised by lowering his head in shame for his actions, honouring the unwritten 'guy code'.
Sirius then grabbed some chocolate out of Lilys dresser that he had brought with him from the boys dorm when they had switched, and ate his breakfast. Once eating as much as he felt he should, he smacked another coat of lipgloss on and ran out of the door, down the hall, and into the common room. He had ten minutes until he was expected at the library so he walked straight across the room fast, but still noticing the looks the guys were giving him.
Oh God, I better never see those looks again. Curse you for being hot, Lily Sirius thought to himself as he walked through the portrait hole, stepping foot into the cold corridor.
He quickly walked towards the library remembering at the last second that he had not brought any books with him. He also realized that he didnt know what subject he was supposed to be tutoring.
I can fake it, he said to himself. He did know quite a lot of information in all of his classes and usually did hear what the professor was teaching even while he was passing notes with James for example.
Sirius sat down at an empty table near the middle of the library and waited for this third year to come to him, since he didnt know what they looked like. He was five minutes early anyways.
Taking a piece of paper and quill from someone at another table when they werent looking, he started to doodle pictures of broomsticks and chocolate. It wasnt until he heard some girls next to him get up and leave, did he stop his drawings and realize that the student who needed tutoring shouldve been arrived ten minutes ago. Feeling slightly relieved, as it looked like the guy wasnt coming, Sirius looked back down at his drawing.
No sooner had he done this, when he was interrupted by a sickly familiar voice. He slowly raised his head to look at the person he knew was heading for his table.
Lets get this over with Evans, its embarrassing enough that I have to sit with a Gryffindor, let alone a mudblood, the approaching third year boy spat out as he sat across from the person he didnt know was Sirius.
Sirius grimaced as he heard the voice that he had grown to hate. Fingers balling into fits under the table, he tried to keep his cool and move the irony of the situation into his favour.
Didnt youre family ever teach you the difference between right and wrong? I mean not even your brother? Im sure he wouldve if you had asked. Or is it that your parents dont care that much about you to teach you that what you just said was offensive and makes you sound stupid? Im afraid youve learned the wrong lessons about life, boy, Sirius quietly said, choosing his words very carefully, wanting to get a rise out of the boy in front of him without loosing his own temper in the process.
Dont you ever talk about my brother to me, Evans. He was the one who learned the wrong lessons in life by never getting his priorities right. Hell regret it eventually, just you wait, the boy drawled, smiling at the thought of his brother getting what he thought he deserved.
You want him to regret it, dont you? You want him to be the wrong one for once, am I right? So that mommy and daddy will finally see you, the neglected one? Sirius went on, not caring if he didnt sound like Lily any more, and putting emphasis on the word neglected.
You have no idea what Ive been through Evans, so dont try to begin to understand. Youve only heard his side of the story. Everyone always used to listen to him, but not anymore. The familys turned against him as have I. Now its my turn to be listened to, he finished.
So thats what you want then? Attention. I shouldve known its what all Slytherins want. Thats not the way to get it though and you know it. I know that you know Sirius has the right idea, Sirius went on.
Even if he does, I cant back out now Evans, he simply stated letting his mean outside character slide.
I knew it, Sirius said quietly before remembering that they were supposed to be here for a tutoring session, so...er... what did you need help with again?
I need to master a transfiguration spell for the next test, otherwise Ill fail. Not that youd care about that, he finished and then looked around to make sure no Slytherins could see him talking to Lily Evans.
Transfiguration, eh? My specialty, Sirius said, feeling a little better about his so far unbelievably bad luck.
After fifteen minutes in which Sirius successfully taught the Slytherin the simple spell that he himself had mastered on his first try in third year, Sirius told him that he could go.
Er thanks Evans But could you not tell anyone about this? Especially Sirius? Hed turn into a madman if he found out you were tutoring me, let alone talking to me. In case you havent noticed, we arent exactly on good terms since he shut me out, the boy asked, and Snape would kill me, he added as an afterthought.
Snape! You hang around with Snape? Thats the worst thing Ive ever heard! Stay away from that slimy git, he warned the boy in front of him as if he felt the need to protect him.
Hes teaching me all about dark magic and its making me popular with the other Slytherins. I wouldnt stop hanging out with him for anyone. Especially not you, Evans, he said, his mean outside persona slowly returning.
Sirius sighed as he realized that any hope there was for the boys redemption to the good side would be shattered thanks to Severus, his new older brother.
Just go, he said, wanting to get out of the presence of the Slytherin who he knew was heading down the wrong path. These thoughts always got Sirius in a bad mood and he didnt have James this time to talk to about it.
Give Sirius a good insult from me, he said before turning and walking out of the library with his Slytherin arrogance that Sirius now knew was all an act to fit in and be accepted by his parents.
Sirius sat at the table alone and placed his head in his hands, feeling for the first time in a long time very mad. He was having a hard time believing that just hours before he had been worrying about Mascara, Hair Staighteners, and sleeping in. For the first time since the switch, Sirius full heartedly wanted his body back to be able to cope with his anger and work his problems out without hiding behind Lilys body.
I should have helped you while I had the chance Regulus, he thought to himself, If only we could get out of that house .
Sirius now realized just how many problems he had on his plate at that very moment and wondered why he had decided to switch bodies with Lily in the first place. It had just taken a look through the eyes of another to realize that he had to fix his remaining problems in his life and stop ignoring them, before new ones came up, or old ones resurfaced for that matter.
Angry with himself for letting things get out of hand with his brother, Sirius slammed his hand down on the table as he thought of everything he needed to fix right away. His brother was the one family member that he even had the chance of turning good, but he had foolishly been blocking out his whole family and refusing to deal with any of them, which only left Regulus completely on his own to learn the wrong messages the family was teaching. Sirius, thinking these thoughts, was now mad at his own selfishness, and was wondering for the first time ever in his life why he had abandoned his brother so easily. And to top his feelings all off, James, the main salvation from his family, was feeling distant with him. He picked up the quill once more and wrote a list of the things he would have to deal with as soon as he had his body back.
1. Forgive Regulus and teach him the truth about the Noble House of Black.
2. Apologize to James for being distant with him and try to rebuild the much needed friendship that we had.
3. Apologize to Lily for yelling at her in the common room.
4. Find out how Lily feels for James.
5. Get Prongs his Lily.
6. Find out what Peter is up to.
7. Find a way to get out of my house. (Note: Maybe talk to James about this one).
8. Become un-addicted to Vanilla lipgloss. (*)
9. Face my fear of straightening irons.
10. Steal Remus some more chocolate.
11. Plan the best prank with James, since my wonderfully ingenious pranks are just itching to be let loose on the unsuspecting castle and students again.
12. Find a healthy way to let my stress out. (Note: screaming into pillows, wrestling with James, eating three boxes of chocolate, and sending love notes to Dumbledore from McGonagall are apparently not healthy ways).
Feeling confident in his list, Sirius folded it up and carried it out of the library. The Slytherin had painfully reminded Sirius of the family that he hated so much, wanted freedom from, and had tried to block out of his life. He was now however feeling relieved that maybe he could find ways to be a normal fifth-year boy, regardless of if he had a family or not. For he had been carrying the burden of the 'Black's' reputation for a long time now, and in secret mind you. But even if he wasn't sure that he could save his brother, he at least had his friends, and concentrating on them meant that he didnt have to concentrate on other things. For the time being anyways.
Sirius walked back to the Gryffindor common room in hopes of finding Lily to talk about switching back, completely forgetting about meeting Christina outside by the tree, deep in thought.
What would they all say if they knew that the infamous marauder had problems in his life? Well theyll never know. Im a good actor. And hell, they havent been able to tell so far. Now where did Evans get to
A/N Well it would seem that Sirius has learnt the lesson Dumbledore wanted him to learn about responsibility and what not...but has Lily learnt her lesson yet? What is her lesson? Will there be a switch back any time soon? And what oh what was Sirius doing picking out matching outfits?!
**In case you don't know, (but please, for the love of chocolate, tell me you caught on), the boy Sirius was tutoring was his younger brother, Regulus.**
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Switching with Sirius: The Chapter In Which Sirius Finds Himself Out of His Element.
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The Fresh Starts Cooking School is offering an Italian cooking class, "Taste of Tuscany with Canneti Roadhouse," at 6:30 p.m. Jan. 23 at the school, 1385 N. Hamilton Parkway.
Chef Francesco Torre of Canneti Roadhouse Italiana in Forestville will offer a three-course menu featuring locally grown ingredients.
To reserve a spot in the $55 class, register online at http://bit.ly/1cyoWEO or call 382-3363, ext. 243.
Send us your news: We want more news items from Marin's cities and towns. Email them to our City Desk at email@example.com, mail them to City Desk, Marin Independent Journal, 4000 Civic Center Drive, San Rafael, CA 94903, or fax them to 415-382-7209. For more information about towns in Marin, visit the IJ's website at marinij.com.


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MIT Gadget Reads Your Mind, Changes Function
These two decided it would be useful to expand a device's capability to sense what it's going to be used for and change interfaces like how a phone's screen dims during a phone call.
What they came up was a "bar of soap" device - a basic gadget with an LCD screen on the front and rear, a three-axis accelerometer and 72 sensors to keep track of where the users' fingers are positioned.
Like what it was designed to do, the gadget can change its interface based on how the user holds it - PDA, cell phone, remote control, game controller and camera are some of its possible modes. By testing the prototype of the device on 13 users, it was determined that it would work better if it's optimized for each user rather than as a generalized gadget. This means that if ever the technology becomes widespread, we could see devices that could be customized and hence be more personalized than the gadgets we commonly see today.Originally posted to Gearlog.


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Trans-World: Debating The Place And Borders Of Places In The Age Of Transnationalism
In this introductory contribution to this special issue of "TESG", we want to question the usual way of conceptualising places and borders in the debate about transnationalism. We argue, that in studies of transnationalism, on the one hand the idea of nation-states as spatial containers is overcome, but on the other hand also reproduces the same spatial containers. Instead we suggest the use of the term 'trans-world' to avoid any connotation suggesting spatial containers. In this framework, places and borders are instead seen as multi-dimensional and dynamic concepts which can be applied to almost any kind of relationships transgressing and reconfiguring borders and places at all scales. The papers which follow this introduction show how in particular situations and contexts, these transgressing and reconfiguring activities can be conceptualised in very different ways. Copyright (c) 2009 by the Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG.
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Volume (Year): 100 (2009)
Issue (Month): 5 (December)
Pages: 577-586
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Well, this isn't the kind of news that will warm the hearts and minds of the Maize 'N Blue fanbase. Reports are indicating expected major contributor and former star recruit, Amara Darboh is out for the season with a foot injury.
Big loss for @umichfootball WR Amara Darboh will miss season with foot injury.
— Matt Hayes (@Matt_HayesSN) August 21, 2013
Kind of important to have your feet good to go when playing a position like wide receiver, huh?
Darboh appeared to have suffered the injury during the final scrimmage of fall camp on Saturday and the serious nature of this injury wasn't found out until this morning.
It appeared that Darboh was in line for a starting wide receiver spot and was at the very least the third wide receiver on a group that was lacking true star power or any real depth to it. Clearly this is a major blow to the team.
"I love Amara, and just hate it for him, how hard he worked through the offseason and fall camp to earn a starting role," Michigan coach Brady Hoke said in a release from Michigan. "We'll rally around him like a family does and help him get through this difficult time."
Darboh, a sophomore, has yet to record any stats in his career in the Maize 'N Blue and luckily for him he does have a redshirt season available to him to help take care of this injury.
Michigan fans and Big Ten fans should look to Joe Reynolds, Jeremy Gallon, and redshirt freshman Jeshu Chesson to pick up the slack in Darboh's absence.


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Financial literacy a must for a strong Wisconsin
April is financial literacy month, and across the United States, schools and communities offer programs highlighting and supporting financial literacy education, bringing to light the importance of financial education. We are proud that Wisconsin was the first in the nation to develop content and performance standards at the elementary, middle and high school levels for what students should know and be able to do in preparation for their financial future.
Schools and communities throughout Wisconsin are working hard to provide a quality education to all children so they graduate prepared for the workforce and postsecondary education. That is our New Wisconsin Promise, and to achieve that goal and prepare our students for the 21st century, we must provide our students instruction in personal financial literacy.
Students today face financial choices that have expanded well beyond what their parents or grandparents dealt with as teens and young adults. An estimated 80 percent of Wisconsin students work during their high school careers, and nearly one-third have personal checking accounts and credit cards in their own names. Among adults, the last decade has brought with it a major increase in the use of nontraditional credit products that can have annualized interest rates of 300 percent to 1,000 percent.
Additionally, personal bankruptcies have increased 105 percent during the past 15 years. With college savings plans, investment funds, retirement accounts and the wide range of borrowing options now available, students need to learn how to make wise financial decisions now so they can avoid excessive debt. This important information will help them to see the benefits of having adequate savings to meet their dreams.
A unique component to Wisconsin�s effort to increase financial literacy is the model academic standard for personal financial responsibility to self, family and community. This standard recognizes the potential impact of personal financial decisions on other people around us. The global economy holds tremendous potential for generating income, profit, and personal wealth. The standard for community and financial responsibility recognizes that students need to understand their legal rights and ethical responsibilities as global citizens in relation to how they use their earnings or accumulate wealth.
The education of our youth is our state�s highest responsibility. We have an obligation to ensure that all children have equal access to high quality educational programs that prepare them to be active citizens who understand their role in the family, society and the world of work. Preparing young people to understand and actively participate in their own financial well-being is a vital personal skill. The economic stability of our communities and the resulting growth of our state�s economy will be influenced by the personal financial literacy skills our students gain in school.
Elizabeth Burmaster is the elected state superintendent of public instruction; mailing address P.O. Box 7841, Madison, WI 53707-7841; phone 1-800-441-4563; Web site dpi.wi.gov.
Last updated: 8:55 pm Thursday, December 13, 2012