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wikiHow to Feed a Snake
Three Methods:Choosing the Right FoodFeeding the SnakeHandling a Picky EaterCommunity Q&A
Snakes are natural hunters, and in captivity their healthiest food source are rats or mice. These can be fed to your snake either live or frozen then thawed. You can raise your own prey for your snake or buy it from a pet store. Be sure to choose the size that's right for your snake's age and species.
Choosing the Right Food
1Purchase mice or rats. In the wild, most snakes eat mice, rats, or other small rodents. These animals meet all of snakes' nutritional needs, so an all-mice or all-rat diet is completely sufficient to keep your snake healthy and happy. If you have just one snake to feed, you can purchase mice or rats from a local pet store. If you have a large number of snakes, you might consider breeding mice or rats for feeding purposes.
- Be sure to purchase mice from a company you trust. Make sure the mice were fed properly and not treated with chemicals.
- If you don't want to feed your snake mice or rats, you can feed certain species a combination of grubs, insects, fish and other prey that together meet the snake's full range of nutritional needs. However, as snakes tend to be picky about what they eat, and giving them a variety of different foods increases risk of exposure to parasites, it's advisable to feed your snake an all-rodent diet.[1]
- Don't feed a snake live crickets, since crickets can eat its scales and harm the snake.[2]
2Choose between live or frozen. As snakes' popularity as pets has risen, more food product options have become available in pet stores. Many pet owners choose to buy live mice or rats to feed their snakes, but getting frozen rats that you serve thawed and warmed is a viable, convenient, and safer option. Do some research and decide which method is right for you and the needs of your snake.
- If you choose to offer live mice, you'll be able to more accurately replicate the snake's feeding habits in the wild. However, using live mice creates the need for a lot of extra effort on your part. You'll need to either breed mice or run to the store to get more every few days. And if you put a live mouse in the cage when the snake isn't in the mood to eat, you'll have to take it back out and store it until you can try again.
- Many find that using frozen and thawed mice or rats is more convenient and safer for the snake to eat. The drawback is that since this isn't how snakes acquire food in the wild, it can take some time before the snake is comfortable eating a dead carcass instead of catching its food live; however, keep in mind feeding pre-killed rodent will prevent your snake from being harmed or even in some cases killed by their prey if they were to fight back.
- Many snakes start on live mice as babies and then can be worked toward frozen mice as they get older.
3Get the right size for your snake. Mice and rats are sold according to their size. Baby snakes and small snakes need smaller prey than larger snakes, which prefer large mice or rats. As your snake grows, you'll need to provide bigger prey, but prey that's too large can be hard on a snake's digestive system. A good rule of thumb is to choose food that's the same circumference as the largest part of your snake's body. The different sizes of food available are as follows:[3]
- Pinkies: these are baby mice, called "pinkies" because they have yet to grow fur. Pinkies are good for baby snakes and small adults. For the smallest baby snakes, pinky parts are available.
- Fuzzies: these are baby mice that have just acquired their first signs of fur. They're a little larger, so they're best for either large baby snakes, like boas, rat snakes, milk snakes, or medium adult snakes.
- Hoppers: these are adult mice, sufficient for baby ball pythons (which are quite large) and most adult snakes.
- Rat pups and full-sized rats: this is the biggest prey available, and should be reserved for large adult snakes.
4Provide water as well. A bowl of water large and deep enough for the snake to completely submerge itself is good. Snakes don't drink often, but they need to submerge their bodies in water from time to time to stay healthy, and promote clean shedding.
- Make sure the bowl stays clean. It should be disinfected every few weeks to kill bacterial growth.
Feeding the Snake
1Prepare the food. If you're using live food, no preparation is necessary as long as the food was raised in sanitary conditions. Frozen food, however, needs to be thawed properly and heated to a temperature that makes it more appealing for a snake. If you're using frozen pinkies, fuzzies, hoppers or rats, follow this method for thawing and preparing the food:
- Lay the frozen food on a paper towel and set it near a fan. The small body will quickly thaw. Optionally you can put the food in a plastic bag and then submerge it in warm water. Thawing can take anywhere from 10 minutes to a few hours depending on method and size of food. Check every so often to make sure the food is thoroughly thawed. Thaw only as much as you need for one feeding.
- Heat the food. Many snakes won't eat if they can't sense the correct temperature that mimics a live food. You can heat the food in a bag with hot water or use a blow dryer for about ten minutes. Never use a microwave or oven as this can cause the food to explode.
2Offer thawed prey to the snake. You'll have to get to know your snake before landing on the best way to offer food. Some snakes prefer to have the food set into the cage so they can find it for themselves, while others prefer to have it dangled in the cage, attracted by the movement this creates. Try both methods to figure out what works best for your snake.
- When you offer food by placing it in the cage, you may put it on a small plate or in a shallow bowl that will keep it separate from the snake's bedding. A snake may rarely swallow its bedding.
- When you offer food by dangling it in the cage, use a pair of tweezers or forceps. Some use their hands, but this is not recommended. Snakes with a strong feeding response may accidentally bite you confusing your hand's heat or mixed smell with the food's.
- Whichever method you choose, give the snake time to decide to eat. Research your snake's species. Some may feed within a few minutes, but others (like ball pythons) may require leaving the thawed food in overnight. For most cases, if the snake does not eat the food over a short period, it may be re-frozen for later use if it is still fresh and not spoiled.
3If you're using live prey, remove it promptly if the snake does not feed within approximately ten minutes. Never leave your snake unattended with a live feeder. If the snake isn't hungry and the prey stays in the cage, it might try to bite or scratch the snake in an attempt to save itself. Place the prey back in a holding container and try again next scheduled feeding.
4Create an age- and size-based feeding schedule based on your snake's species. In general, baby snakes generally only need food about once a week. As they get larger and older, snakes need to be fed less often (keeping in mind the feeder will be larger). Be sure to check out some care sheets and do your research to see how often and at what sizes you should be feeding your snake.
- As you change the feeding schedule, keep in mind that you shouldn't try to force a snake to eat. Offer the food, then take it away if it isn't wanted.
Handling a Picky Eater
1Make sure the food is warm enough. If you're serving frozen and thawed mice, it's important to heat them enough so that they seem as though they're still alive or were just recently killed. This is especially important for boas and pythons, which have receptors in their faces that can sense heat coming from their prey, triggering a feeding response.[4]
- Try holding the prey against a warm light bulb for a few moments before offering it.
- Don't heat mice in the microwave unless you have one reserved for that specific purpose. If you use a microwave, use very low power setting.
2Consider the braining technique. Puncturing the prey's brain releases a scent that can help it seem more attractive to a snake. This technique can be used on either live or dead mice, though it's not easy to do if you're squeamish. If you wish to try this method, use the following steps:[5]
- Insert a sharp knife or scalpel into the mouse's frontal lobe, at the top of the head.
- Insert a toothpick into the would and draw out brain matter.
- Smear the brain matter on the mouse's nose.
3Try rubbing it with a lizard. It sounds strange, but you can make a dead mouse more appetizing to a snake if you rub it with the body of a lizard. Purchase a dead anole, swift, or fence lizard from the pet store and apply its scent to the body of the mouse. While this method isn't really feasible to use every time you need to feed the snake, it's a good way to get the snake used to eating the food you're offering.
- This is a particularly good method to use when you're introducing a snake used to eating live mice to frozen food. It can take a few tries to get the snake used to eating food that has already been killed.[6]
- Other methods of helping a picky eater include changing feeder size or color. Also try changing types of feeder (ie. if you tried a rat, try something else like a mouse, gerbil, etc.). Try turning off the lights. Some snakes, like ball pythons, are nocturnal are more active during the evening or at night. You can also try dipping the feeder in chicken broth. Try rubbing the scent of another animal on your feeder (ie. used bedding from gerbils/hamsters/etc.).
Community Q&A
Can a snake only eat one mouse during a feed (corn snake) or can it be given another small one after the first?wikiHow ContributorYou can feed a corn snake two mice, but wait for the "bump" of the first mouse to move at least one third down the snake's body before offering them another mouse.
Why do you usually see albino mice being fed?They are not always albino, but just white mice. They are usually bred in bulk by most mice breeding companies, so they are common feeders.
What if I feel too sorry for those poor mice, and my snake doesn't want grubs?wikiHow ContributorSnakes are meat eaters. You can try doing research into what else your particular type of snake might eat, but if you (and everyone else in your household) are unable to feed it, you'll have to give it up.
What animals can I feed my snake besides rodents?OliveSheepYTYou can feed it fish and other snakes - but make sure it is interested in what you give it.
How do I get my ball python to eat?OliveSheepYTHold the rat or mouse by the tail and go close to the mouth; the snake will grab it from your hand.
If the snake, flatly refuses to eat, how can I force feed the animal without damaging it?wikiHow ContributorYou should go see a pro or vet if its not eating.
What else can I feed it other than fish or mice?Almost all pet snakes eat mice or other rodents. You can buy "sausages" of ground-up mice to feed your snake, but not all snakes will accept it as food. If you are going to get a pet snake, you must be willing to feed it frozen-thawed mice, or even live mice.
Are green or yellow anacondas picky eaters?They can be. But keep in mind that they often eat only once or twice a year. They can go a year without food. Make sure to offer them food once a week - maybe once every other week - and see if they show interest.
Is it harder to keep a female ball python or a male ball python?Bunnycorn MurdererThere is not much of a difference. Males may be more aggressive, but if you get them as babies and hold them every day, play with them, etc., it won't matter.
What do ball pythons eat?wikiHow ContributorBall pythons eat baby mice, called pinkies.
- Ball Pythons are nocturnal and will usually eat at dawn or dusk.
- It's not uncommon for a snake to not eat for a couple of weeks, but always monitor your snake's weight and be aware of potential problems that would cause your snake to not want to eat. Shedding, incorrect husbandry (ie. incorrect temperatures, not enough hiding places, etc.), holding too much, attempting to feed too often, etc. can stress, and cause your snake to go off feed.
- You can watch if you want or just close the box. Some may be shy, however, and won't eat if watched.
- The necessity of feeding outside the enclosure is a myth. Snakes to not associate one particular place with only eating. Moving your snake before/after feeding can cause them stress, and therefore cause them to go off feed (or if, after eating, cause them to regurgitate their food).
- F/t feeding versus live feeding is a huge debate. Both have their advantages and disadvantages. Be sure to do your own research on what method is best for you and your snake. Things to keep in mind are: price (f/t are cheaper in the long run when buying in bulk, especially if you buy at a reptile expo), accessibility (stores near you may not offer f/t or a certain species), going off feed (what will you do with a live feeder if your snake does not need it), etc. Live feeding tends to be more successful, but has the chance of causing your snake harm. F/t is safer and cheaper, but sometimes may be difficult to get your snake transitioned from live to f/t. Do your research before you buy a snake, each species is different and unique in their own ways!
- It shortens a snakes lifespan by feeding them live mice instead of frozen. This is because when attacked, endorphin and thiamine levels of the mouse or rat really heighten and thiamine levels can be harmful to snakes. When a mouse or rat is killed humanely, they become unconscious before the body goes into shock and creates these chemicals so the snake isn't digesting harmful levels of these toxins.
- Its illegal to feed live prey in some areas because of the danger to predator as well as the unnecessary suffering caused to the prey. So before you live feed, ask your breeder if they feed their snakes thawed before you attempt live prey.
- Be aware that feeding live prey to your snake is dangerous to the snake. Prey can and will fight back to protect themselves which will potentially cause serious injury to your snake. Sometimes if the snake isn't hungry it will ignore the mouse, but the mouse will gnaw or bite on it and cause serious injuries. Never leave your snake unattended with a live feeder!
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Categories: Feeding Snakes
In other languages:
Italiano: Nutrire un Serpente, Deutsch: Eine Schlange füttern, Português: Alimentar uma Cobra, Русский: кормить змею, Français: nourrir un serpent, Español: alimentar a una serpiente, Bahasa Indonesia: Memberi Makan Ular
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Review of the Efficacy of a Variety of Smoking Cessation Methods in Adolescents
by Michelle Rybak
Cigarette smoking is currently the number one cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Teenage smoking prevalence is around 15% in developing countries and around 26% in the United Kingdom and the United States. Recent studies provide data on the efficacy of many different smoking cessation methods, but controversy persists over what method of adolescent smoking cessation should be employed. This review article seeks to evaluate the efficacy and validity of nicotine replacement therapy and counseling-based therapies in affecting adolescent smoking behavior.
Cigarette smoking is currently the number one cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States.1 Smoking-related ailments include such conditions as cardiovascular disease; cancers of the lung, cervix, kidney, pancreas, and stomach; emphysema; and chronic bronchitis. In the United States as well as the United Kingdom, up to one in four teenagers smoke, and worldwide between 80,000 and 100,000 young people start smoking every day.1 Most adolescents with established smoking habits continue to smoke as adults and incur both short-term and long-term health consequences, including premature death.2 Adolescents should therefore be the targets of any effective method of smoking cessation.
For every year that passes, more than one million youth in the United States start smoking, adding 9 to 10 billion dollars to the national health care bill throughout their lifetimes.
For every year that passes, more than one million youth in the United States start smoking, adding 9 to 10 billion dollars to the national health care bill throughout their lifetimes.3 According to one study by Barendregt, Bonneax and van der Maas, health care costs for smokers at a certain age are as much as 40% higher than those for nonsmokers.4 Additionally, smoking is said to take an average of 13 to 14 years off a person's life.3
Many recent studies on smoking cessation have focused on adolescents. People who do not smoke before the age of twenty are significantly less likely to start as adults, so the most effective way to prevent smoking is to help adolescents quit.3
At this point in time, there is no widely agreed upon method of smoking cessation in adolescents. Many studies have been done on smoking cessation in adults; however, smoking cessation studies in adolescents are still developing. A majority of studies published in the field use groups of adolescents who volunteer, indicating that participants already identify as interested in quitting. Although these samples are not representative of the entire population of adolescent smokers (considering that most rebellious teens will probably be resistant to cessation programs), a cooperative sample allows experimentalists to determine what methods of smoking cessation are most effective.
Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a typical interviewing method employed in smoking cessation studies. MI emphasizes independence and respect for participants' choices, making it particularly appropriate for adolescents.5 MI is defined as a method of encouraging intrinsic motivation to change through exploring an individual's ambivalence. Some MI strategies include reflective listening, open-ended questioning, and summarizing. These strategies support optimism and allow adolescents to explore smoking concerns while minimizing interviewee resistance. MI does this by discussing the importance of quitting, including strategic reflection on morals and beliefs, and promoting self-initiated rewards for quitting.
A second method used in smoking cessation studies, Cognitive Behavioral Skills Training (CBST), is a skill-building training method for adolescents who have decided to quit but need some guidance.5 CBST is geared towards helping build skills for quitting and preventing relapses. The training attempts to accomplish this by offering strategies for resisting smoking triggers and collaborating to create a quitting plan. Like MI, CBST attempts to be empathic, respectful, and caring, in the hopes of sustaining long-term abstinence.
Smoking cessation can be measured in a variety of qualitative and quantitative ways. To obtain quantitative results, many studies use "The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence" (FTND), a questionnaire concerning smoking behavior.6 Participants provide answers about usage, quitting, and addiction, and then receive scores on a scale of 1-10, with 10 indicating the highest level of nicotine dependence. Studies also measure cigarettes per day (CPD), as reported by participants.7 Some studies just use participant feedback; however, this may be unreliable.
Saliva can also be tested for signs of addiction. Levels of nicotine, cotinine, and thiocyanate in saliva are all indicators of smoking activity.
To guarantee more accurate and objective results, some studies measure carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in exhaled air. Specifically, a participant is characterized as abstinent if the concentration of CO measures less than 6 parts per million. Saliva can also be tested for signs of addiction. Levels of nicotine, cotinine, and thiocyanate in saliva are all indicators of smoking activity.7
Recent studies have addressed the problem of adolescent smoking in a number of different ways. Some studies exclusively use behavioral therapies, but choose to communicate these therapies through different media such as telephones, text messaging, or classroom group sessions. Other therapies pair counseling with nicotine replacement therapy, using the nicotine patch, nicotine gum, or nicotine nasal spray. These methods will be discussed, in order of increasing efficacy.
Nicotine Replacement Therapy
Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) is widely known as an effective method of treating nicotine addiction in adults. However, the efficacy of NRT in young adults has yet to be established.8 NRT works by stimulating the nicotinic receptors in the brain. This stimulation causes the release of dopamine, which serves to relieve nicotine withdrawal symptoms.10 The different types of NRT discussed here are nicotine nasal spray therapy, nicotine gum therapy, and nicotine patch therapy.
Nicotine nasal spray has many bonuses for adolescents. It works by quickly delivering nicotine to provide quick relief from withdrawal symptoms and cravings.11 Furthermore, self-administration of the nasal spray, in contrast to the transdermal delivery of the nicotine patch, provides the user with greater control, which adolescents tend to value.
A pilot study of adolescent smokers in San Francisco, CA showed that participants who attended 8 weeks of counseling while using nasal spray showed no significant difference in cessation rates from those who received counseling alone, despite the appealing aspects of nicotine nasal spray.11 In fact, of the 17 adolescents who solely received counseling, 2 quit smoking after 8 weeks, while of the 23 participants who received counseling and nasal spray, none quit smoking after eight weeks.
The poor success of the nasal spray can be correlated with participant noncompliance. During the first week of spray use, only 6 (23%) of the 23 participants used the spray daily as instructed.11 Furthermore, only 10 of the original 23 participants were still using their nasal spray by the end of the treatment; 38.9% of the nasal spray users reported that the spray had negative side effects, specifically nasal irritation and burning, and foul taste and smell.
Nicotine gum therapy, again more successful in treatment of smoking addiction in adults, also produced largely unsuccessful results for teenagers. According to a study done on over 120 adolescents ages 13-17 who smoked on average more than 10 CPD for more than 6 months with a minimal score of 5 on the FTND, 6 of 34 participants (17.7%) were abstinent by the end of the trial.7 The trial used two randomized groups, one given nicotine gum and the other provided a placebo. Data analysis on the placebo and gum groups indicated that the differences in cessation rates between the two groups were not statistically significant. Compliance rates were relatively high in this study, specifically 82.8%, although some participants complained about the taste of the gum.
Nicotine patch therapy has produced some similarly disappointing results. This therapy provides nicotine transdermally, but the nicotine serves the same effect as in the nasal spray. In a pilot study of 101 adolescents from two cities in Wisconsin, a comparatively large sample size, only 5% of the participants were abstinent at the end of the trial.10 Many subjects reported adverse effects, including upper respiratory tract infections (44%), headache (43%), nausea and/or vomiting (13%), skin reaction at patch site (12%), and sleep disturbance.
However, there is a discrepancy among nicotine patch studies. In a separate study of adolescent smokers, statistically significant results indicated that nicotine patch therapy can be successful for adolescents.7 Specifically, participants in this study were randomly assigned either to receive the patch along with counseling or a placebo with counseling. The proportion of participants who achieved prolonged abstinence in the active patch group was 6 of 34 (17.7%) versus 1 of 40 (2.5%) in the placebo group.
The difference in the ways the nicotine patch experiments were controlled may indicate which study produced more trustworthy results. The nicotine patch therapy study that reported positive results was placebo-controlled.7 Specifically, the study was double-blind, meaning that neither participants nor physicians knew who received the placebo, and all patients were given either active doses or placebo doses to ensure no special treatment of those receiving the active form of the patch. The study also had a very high compliance rate (78.4%), increasing its reliability. On the other hand, the unsuccessful study was nonrandomized with no control group, leaving ample room for bias and error.10 However, the sample size of the unsuccessful study was significantly larger (101 versus ~70), indicating that the larger sample size results may be more trustworthy.7 The conflicting results of these two studies suggest that more experimentation needs to be done to determine the efficacy of nicotine patch therapy among adolescents.7,10
Classroom-Based Behavioral Therapy
In the studies previously mentioned, behavioral therapy was used in conjunction with various nicotine therapies. Other studies emphasize behavioral counseling as a means of encouraging smoking cessation. A convenient and successful method of approaching smoking addiction in high school students is a classroom-based therapy.12
A study of students in a large public high school in Baltimore has produced significant data on this method.12 The study enrolled 74 students randomly assigned either to Group 1 (the smoking cessation curriculum) or Group 2 (educational pamphlet on how to quit smoking). The therapy session took place in a classroom during the school day. Students learned how to identify their own smoking habits as well as perceived barriers to quitting, such as lack of self-confidence or desire. After learning problem solving strategies related to quitting smoking, dealing with withdrawal, and mental preparation for stopping smoking, participants who received the classroom-based therapy were significantly more likely to quit smoking after the intervention. Specifically, 59% of Group 1 were smoke-free at the end of the study, while 17% of Group 2 were smoke-free, creating an extremely small P-value of .001. A significant difference in mean cotinine levels of quitters compared to non-quitters indicated that the participants really had stopped smoking; 82% of Group 1 versus 54% of Group 2 made quit attempts, and Group 1 reduced their mean CPD by 7 cigarettes while Group 2 reduced their mean CPD by just 1. The large difference in success rates in Group 1 versus Group 2 reported in this study suggests that classroom-based therapy is a convincing method for adolescent smoking cessation.12
Similar successful results were obtained in a classroom-based smoking cessation study called ACTION conducted on 269 adolescent smokers from 14 schools in Kentucky, North Carolina, and Ohio.13 Smoking abstinence was reported by the students and saliva cotinine levels were measured, one week before, 3 days after, and 7 days after the cessation program. 11.1% of students who received the counseling versus 4% in the control classroom were abstinent 1 week after the program, indicating a significant increase in smoking cessation rates among students enrolled in the classroom program.
Telephone Counseling Intervention
While some smoking cessation therapy is conducted in the classroom, there has also been data indicating that proactive, personalized telephone counseling intervention for adolescent smoking cessation can also be successful.14 This method gives the participants a considerable amount of privacy by allowing their smoking status to remain confidential from their peers.
The Hutchinson Study (HS) of High School Smoking, conducted in 50 public high schools throughout the state of Washington, has provided results indicating that telephone counseling can be effective.14 Of the 50 participating high schools, 25 were assigned to the experimental condition (HS cessation intervention) and 25 were assigned to the control condition (no intervention). This study used a combination of Motivational Interviewing (MI) and Cognitive Behavioral Skills Training (CBST) through the telephone with a sample size of 2,151 adolescents. The status of the participants was assessed initially and current smokers unprepared to quit received specific therapy designed to build confidence and motivation. Those motivated to quit received support calls concerned with strengthening commitment, building skills and preventing relapse. According to analysis of the callers, counseling intervention was done with greater than 90% adherence to protocol of MI and CBST.5 The calls were 15 minutes in duration, and the numbers of calls a participant received were personalized to their preparedness to quit.14 Overall, the intervention increased the percentage of participants who achieved 6-month prolonged abstinence (21.8% in experimental group versus 17.7% in the control condition).
A larger sample size means a more accurate picture of the population of adolescent smokers and more credible results.
The larger sample size and adherence to protocol featured in the HS study strengthen its successful results.14 The sample size was 2,151 high school students, a very large number compared to the other studies mentioned. A larger sample size means a more accurate picture of the population of adolescent smokers and more credible results. The reviewing of the adherence to protocol also gives the experiment strength, indicating that the callers were doing their jobs and contributing to the adolescents' pursuit of smoking cessation. Further, the personalized telephone calls gave participants a specialized intervention, contributing to the overall success rate.
Unlike the other studies mentioned, in the Hutchinson Study, the smoking status of participants was never revealed.14 A cohort of nonsmokers was included, meaning that a phone call did not necessarily mean the participant was a smoker. The cohort consisted of adolescents who were willing to help friends stop smoking and to learn more about how to help others quit. Overall, this adds to the strength of the study because the status of the participants was not revealed, indicating that people would be more likely to be honest, and the smokers were likely to have friends learning about how to help the peers quit, increasing the likelihood of abstinence. The lack of more telephone-based smoking cessation studies indicates more experimentation should be done, but the Hutchinson Study is a convincing study with significant, positive results.
A review of adolescent smoking cessation studies identifies telephone and classroom-based counseling as the most successful methods of combating teen smoking, although more research should be done regarding nicotine patch therapy.
When reviewing the data, it is important to assess the validity of the separate samples used. The adolescents in these studies do not represent adolescent smokers as a whole because there are a number of ulterior motives for joining these studies. Primarily, in nearly all of the studies, participants received monetary compensation. In the ACTION study, several schools offered students participation in the study as an alternative to suspension for smoking violations.13 If the experiment had been designed for adolescents trying to quit smoking, compensation would have been a confounding variable that could reflect in the success rate. Some experiments cited that decreases in CPD were not associated with cotinine levels, indicating that the participants had continued smoking but lied about their usage.7,8 In the ACTION study, many participants falsely reported abstinence (61% 3 days after and 38% 1 week after).13 In some cases, it's possible that the participants were never interested in quitting, decreasing the number of abstinent subjects and making a method of smoking cessation seem ineffective.
A sample composed of adolescents who genuinely wanted to quit smoking would still not represent all teenage smokers. Many adolescents are not at all interested in quitting, and will therefore not be affected by any cessation methods. Similarly, many adolescents smoke, but hide their habit from their parents, and since parental consent was mandatory in a majority of these studies, the samples used inaccurately represent the adolescent smoking population. Lack of samples representative of the population can greatly skew the results. Therefore, more studies should be done to ensure that methods that seem ineffective actually are ineffective. Experiments that allow confidentiality for the subject or force a smoker to follow a specific regimen may be extremely hard to design and implement, but they would be helpful in analyzing adolescent smoking cessation.
Noncompliance is encountered in all of the studies mentioned, and can greatly skew the results. Specifically in the NRT studies, many adolescents did not complete the required steps, such as daily nasal spray or patch use, because of adverse side effects.7,8,9 Therefore, lower abstinence rates at the end of studies could possibly be attributed to unwillingness to deal with unexpected side effects, such as nasal burning or irritation, rather than ineffective methods. A method of smoking cessation that leads to noncompliance would probably not be promoted or advised, but noncompliance occurs in all studies. A method which has previously produced a low compliance rate should not immediately be discarded, but rather more experimentation should be done. In the classroom-based therapy session, many students stopped attending after the first session, and the attendance rate decreases exponentially.12 Similarly, many participants in the telephone-based counseling study stopped answering the phone calls and were inserted into the data pool as smokers, although the people conducting the experiment had no idea whether this was actually the case. Although the telephone and classroom-based counseling seemed effective, the data may be unreliable, considering that assumptions are made about participants who do not complete the study, and non-compliant participants create samples that may be too small to show any correlations relating to methods and smoking cessation.12,14 Therefore more studies need to be conducted.
Ideally, experiments would have 100% compliance from a perfectly randomized sample of adolescent smokers. However, this is impossible, and we need to do the best we can with the available data, and continue studying different approaches to adolescent smoking cessation. To promote health in adolescence and to decrease the burden put on the population by adolescent smokers, personalized counseling methods should be employed, and more data should be gathered on the efficacy of nicotine replacement therapies.
Works Cited
|1. Grimshaw, G. M., & Stanton, A. (2006). Tobacco cessation interventions for young people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (4), CD003289.
Web. July 30. <www.2.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab003289.html>.
|2. Chassin L, Presson CC, Sherman SJ, Edwards DA. The natural history of cigarette smoking: predicting young-adult smoking outcomes from adolescent smoking patterns. Health Psychol. 1990;9 :701 -716.
|3. Hodgson, T. A. (1992). Cigarette smoking and lifetime medical expenditures. The Milbank Quarterly, 70 (1), 81-125.
|4. Barendregt, J. J., Bonneux, L., & van der Maas, P. J. (1997). The health care costs of smoking. The New England Journal of Medicine, 337 (15), 1052-1057.
|5. Kealey, K. A., Ludman, E. J., Marek, P. M., Mann, S. L., Bricker, J. B., & Peterson, A. V. (2009). Design and implementation of an effective telephone counseling intervention for adolescent smoking cessation. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 101(20), 1393-1405.
|12. Adelman, W. P., Duggan, A. K., Hauptman, P., & Joffe, A. (2001). Effectiveness of a high school smoking cessation program. Pediatrics, 107 (4), E50.
"Lessons Learned from an Evaluation of a Smoking Cessation Program." Rev. of Randomized Controlled Trial of the ACTION Smoking Cessation Curriculum in Tobacco-growing Communities. The Brief Addiction Science Information Source. 23 Sept. 2009. Web. 20 Apr. 2010. <http://www.basisonline.org/2009/09/ashes-vol-5-8-lessons-learned-from-an-evaluation-of-a-smoking-cessation-program.html>.
|14. Peterson, A. V.,Jr, Kealey, K. A., Mann, S. L., Marek, P. M., Ludman, E. J., Liu, J., et al. (2009). Group-randomized trial of a proactive, personalized telephone counseling intervention for adolescent smoking cessation. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 101 (20), 1378-1392.


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Contact Info / Websites
Entry #2
Hello faithful four fans! I have uploaded a new song today called Puke. You can check it out at the link bellow.
Your comments, thoughts and critiques are as always most appreciated and if you check it out I thank you for listening.
Don't forget I will be uploading two more songs over the next couple of days, one tomorrow and another the day after that.
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The rumor is true: Oprah Winfrey canceled her annual Favorite Things episode for 2009.
But the talk show queen has blockbuster, primetime special in the works to replace it. And it features two of her favorite people.
BARACK and MICHELLE OBAMMAAAAAAAA.
Winfrey is taping a primetime Christmas special with President Obama and his wife Michelle later this week.
The hour-long "Christmas at the White House: An Oprah Primetime Special," will air at 9 p.m. cst on Sunday, Dec. 13, and will be produced solely by Harpo studios.
Oprah's people call the show an "intimate, informative and entertaining" special that will include one-on-one conversations with the president.
Winfrey could be cashing in on her first-ever political endorsement. The talk show queen famously supported Obama during the 2008 campaign, a decision many say led to diminished ratings as her audience may not have agreed with her choice.


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Subscribe to Boldsky
This Yule log is a simple Christmas recipe to make at home using only a few ingredients. It is made by rolling up chocolate sponge cake with a filling of chocolate Ganache and Bing Cherries.
Serves: 6
Preparation Time: 30 minutes
Baking Time: 40 minutes
- Egg yolks- 5
- Egg whites- 3
- Sugar- 80 grams
- Flour- 40 grams
- Cocoa powder- 15 grams
- Rum- 2tbsp
- Take a 30cm cake pan/baking sheet with baking paper on it and grease with butter/oil.
- Sieve the flour and the cocoa powder together and keep aside for few minutes.
- Beat the egg whites with the sugar till stiff. Now add egg yolks one by one slowly (if using an electric beater).
- Add this to the flour and cocoa butter mixture.
- Spread this batter evenly on the cake sheet and bake at 200 degrees till cooked.
- Once done check by inserting a toothpick, if it comes out clean its ready to be removed. Let it cool.
- Now, prepare the syrup by adding equal amounts of sugar and water. Let it cool and then add rum according to your desired taste.
- Chop up the chocolate and butter in a separate bowl. Heat it to around 75-80 degrees on the stove.
- Then pour one third of this hot cream over the chocolate.
- Stir continuously, letting the chocolate warm up and melt. Then divide the remaining cream in two parts.
- Stir gently between each addition. After that, mix well with a spatula till you get a smooth shiny Ganache, being careful not to mix in air bubbles.
To assemble the dessert:
- Place a sheet of butter paper on a table.
- Place the sponge sheet on top of this, and then with moderate force, use a rolling pin to flatten the sponge so that it is not too thick and even in thickness. Soak this with syrup, which you made earlier.
- Spread half of the Ganache on top of this, and then sprinkle with Bing cherries.
- Start rolling up from the end way from you, using the butter paper to tighten the turns. This is easy to do once you try.
- Once this is done, refrigerate the cake for a day and for the flavours to mellow and intensify.
Once this is done, place on a serving platter, and decorate with candy, jujubes, and marshmallows and Christmas motifs.
Read more about: christmas, cakes, dessert recipes


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The Gilbert Williams Field Stake Young Men's encampment near Greer, Arizona, was evacuated Thursday, two days before its scheduled end. It was concluded after lunch when a leader saw smoke on the horizon and was the first to report the fire via 911.
The encampment — named "Helaman's Camp" after the Book of Mormon hero — consisted of over 200 young men and nearly 100 volunteer leaders from The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Leader Mason Lundell said firefighters were at the camp within 25 minutes of his call and issued a pre-evacuation notice. If campers had subsequently received a full evacuation notice they would have to leave behind everything and depart immediately.
The San Juan fire is believed to have started on San Juan Flats on the Fort Apache Reservation, about 4.3 miles from Helaman's Camp, according to one camp leader, Rollin Adams, who was able to calculate the coordinates on his GPS. The cause of the fire is still unknown.
Chet Jenkins, another leader at the encampment, said the pre-evacuation notice resulted in "organized chaos." Many of the older young men, ages 14-18, were participating in high-adventure activities as Varsity Teams and Venture Crews, which meant the 12- and 13-year-old Scouts who were working on merit badges were the first to begin preparations to evacuate.
Two of those Scouts, Truman Idso and Branson Heywood, saw the smoke and weren't sure what to think at first.
Truman said that when he first saw the smoke, he didn't think it was a big deal: "I never thought it was possible something like this would happen to our camp. But within three or four minutes we were told it was a forest fire and we had to begin packing up camp as a precaution."
Branson, who just turned 12, said, "I remember another Scout running across a field yelling at us to turn around and look up. When I did, I thought I was looking at a dust storm. Then I realized it was smoke from a forest fire. It looked very close."
According to Truman, for 20 minutes the Scouts packed up all the gear in an organized fashion — folding up tents and rolling up sleeping bags — but soon they were told stake leaders had decided to do a full evacuation as a precaution. "After that, we just began throwing tents and sleeping bags and poles into trucks and trailers."
All of the Scouts worked hard and fast. One Scout, Josh Zoller, was wearing a splint on his finger because of a wood-carving accident. Undeterred, he carried items and packed up his camp as hastily as the other Scouts.
"By the end of the evacuation, the Scouts were covered in dirt and mud, but the camp was packed up. The Scouts did an amazing job," said Josh's father, Rob Zoller, who was volunteering his time at the encampment.
Perhaps most telling, another leader said he remembered seeing a big bag of candy on the ground as they packed. "Usually that would cause any Scout to lose focus on a task and take a detour to the candy. However, this time it remained on the ground, untouched and unnoticed."
The older youth were also alerted that there was a fire and to prepare to evacuate. One of those young men, Kaden Heywood, Branson's older brother, said he did not think it was serious at first.
"We were doing canoeing at a nearby lake and couldn't see any smoke," Kaden said. "But as we returned to camp, we could see a lot of smoke on the horizon. We knew it was serious. We had about 20 minutes to finish packing with the Scouts before we left."
This is not the first time this stake has had to evacuate a summer camp. Twelve years ago, the stake — then called the Gilbert San Tan Stake — was ordered to evacuate a Young Women's camp 20 minutes after the entire camp had been set up. They were given 10 minutes to collect a few personal items before having to leave.
Many of the same leaders, now with the Gilbert Williams Field Stake, were at that Young Women's camp and remember that experience vividly, including the many miracles they saw. Aaron Bradshaw, a former counselor in the stake presidency, said he still cannot talk about that girls camp without becoming emotional.
Mark Pugmire, the stake president at the time, said everything in that camp that was left behind was burned, except the young women's tents. "The burn marks came within 2 inches of their tents and then stopped."
Several months ago, on March 1, these same young men, combined with the young men and young women of many other area stakes, prepared to dance and sing in the Gilbert Temple cultural celebration, and the unexpected happened. As President Thomas S. Monson related in the opening session of the LDS Church's April 2014 general conference:
"(Arizona) had been experiencing an especially dry season, and I believe many prayers had been sent heavenward over the preceding several weeks for much-needed rain. Unfortunately, it came just before the performance and stayed for the entire production! Despite the fact the youth were soaked through with the rain and chilled from the cool temperature, we all felt the Spirit of the Lord.
"The theme of the program, 'Live True to the Faith' was portrayed magnificently by smiling and enthusiastic young men and young women," President Monson said. "Despite the cold and the rain, this was a faith-filled and inspiring experience these young people will ever treasure and will be relating to their children and grandchildren in the years to come."
Although the Young Men's camp could not continue like the Gilbert Temple cultural celebration, the decision to evacuate was the correct one. The fire exploded to 2,000 acres by nightfall, burning 3 square miles due to gusts of winds reaching 45 miles per hour. Many nearby communities — mostly cabins and second homes — have been evacuated. It is still unknown whether the fire has reached Helaman's Camp, where some equipment, including a large trailer full of food, remains.
Also left behind were trebuchets — which were built in advance of the camp by each ward for a series of activities that were to take place Friday. The leader of the stake encampment activities committee, Tarik Williams, said the stake Young Men leaders began to prepare for Helaman's Camp a year ago, with many of the committees going into full preparation mode in February.
"I've been going on four hours of sleep a night for four weeks trying to prepare for camp and stay on top of my business in the meantime," Williams said. In total, thousands of hours were donated by leaders for Helaman's Camp, both preparing for and participating in it.
Stake president Jay Andersen said he was disappointed that Helaman's Camp came to a premature end but was grateful for the preparation of the Young Men leaders, the hard work of the Scouts and other young men, and the responsiveness of the community fire and rescue teams.
The night before the evacuation, President Andersen read to the young men the story of BYU linebacker Spencer Hadley, "Honor and Redemption," written by Jeff Benedict for Sports Illustrated. The timing of the story was telling: life does not always turn out the way you want it to (like Hadley's experience playing Utah for the last time as a senior), but good can always come from disappointments if you let it.Comment on this story
And just like the Gilbert Temple cultural celebration, the young men had a positive outlook on the evacuation and will remember it for a long time.
Said Truman, "It was disappointing at first, but it was also a neat experience. The Scouts were the first ones to see and report the fire. If we weren't there, it could have been worse before it was seen and reported."
LDS young men's camp in Arizona evacuates after spotting large fire
This video was taken by Jon Lawrence, who was camping when the fire broke out just a few miles from his campsite.
Scott practices commercial and bankruptcy law with Lewis Roca Rothgerber LLP in Phoenix.


text:
"There was never a situation where the formal political map was in such disharmony from Israeli civil society."
Related quotes
"We've had discussions over the last couple of months. There hasn't been anything formal. I'm in an excellent situation and I love my job here. But if the right offer came along, I'd listen."
"That was big for him, to go out in more of a formal situation, facing another Major League team. The second inning he came out with easy life on his fastball. You could see he was really getting into it."
"It was big for him to go out in more of a formal situation, facing another major league team. He didn't throw any breaking balls. His second inning was much better than the first. He got in the swing of things."
"Every company has two organizational structures: The formal one is written on the charts; the other is the everyday relationship of the men and women in the organization."


text:
AS IF "Starting to Get It" - 09/2009 H.I. Letter
Expand Messages
- Hello All,
This H.I. (Starting to Get It)) is probably
a 6th initiate and has been in EK for
about 35 years. And, she likes to use
"as if" a lot. Yet, she is only "starting
to get it." Of course to "get it" has strings
attached! There's an annual required
initiation maintenance fee and more
of one's free time spent impressing
others with servitude, training, and
talking the talk and puffing up! This
doesn't say much for the spiritual insights
of H.I.s as a group, or of the abilities
of their LEM/Mahanta (Harry Klemp).
By "Starting to Get It" after 35 YEARS
is more proof that Eckankar is a scam!
The H.I. Letter - 09/2009 - page 5
"What to Do with So Much Love?"
[H.K. does not give her name, my
brackets [ ] and caps are added]
"At first I thought it was just a
temporary moment of joy, BUT
this love and joy that that flows
through me keeps building.
I wrote in my journal, `It is AS IF
I am going through a profound
initiation into the heart of God
and am experiencing divine love
in Every Cell of MY physical, mental,
and Soul bodies for the First Time
in FIVE BILLION YEARS. It is AS
IF I have come home after being
away this long. IF this is God-
Realization (the realization of God's
love), I welcome the opportunity
to "be" this much love.'"
[This H.I. defines God-Realization
as "the realization of God's love."
Let's see how Klemp defines G-R
in his EK Lexicon (pg. 81) and if
HK uses the word `love' to describe
this profound experience:
"Void, omnipresent, silent, pure,
and strangely peaceful; cannot be
apprehended with the physical senses;
realization or awareness of the God
State, the knowledge of God; attainment
of the higher spiritual state of the
supernatural life; the uniting of
the human and divine natures."
Since G-R "cannot be apprehended
with the physical senses" and must
have "attainment of the higher spiritual
state" then how can this H.I. claim
to have experienced it with "every
cell" of her "physical and mental
... bodies?" Does the Mental Body
have cells? I don't think so! The
brain has cells and is part of the
physical body. Soul doesn't have
"cells" either! I think she's confused.
I hope she doesn't jump off a bridge!
Maybe she was stuck on the Astral?]
"How does one write down what this
experience of God's love feels like?
These experiences far exceed anything
I'VE read in any ECK book. This love
pours through every aspect of MY daily
Interactions with MY coworkers at work
[the ESC] are consistently those of love,
joy, and laughter. Relationships with [her
EK] family, [EK] friends, and neighbors
offer growing opportunities to listen, love,
and SERVE [and talk/preach].
What does one `do' with so much love?
I just keep asking to be of SERVICE to
the SUGMAD [God?]
This is what has shown up: I'VE been
given the opportunity to FACILITATE
workshops at major ECK seminars
and to give talks to large audiences
[at the seminar]. I'VE been invited to
speak to a large nondenominational
church congregation that loves to sing
HU [at the EWS at the Temple]!
I'VE been invited to speak at an ECK
Worship Service at the Temple of ECK.
I'VE taught Satsang classes and Arahata
training in my region."
[All of this "I" talk leads me to think that
she's a 6th initiate with about 35 years,
and is promoting herself to become an
ESA and a 7th initiate. Or, maybe she is
an ESA (or RESA), and a 7th, and just likes
to toot her own horn... a lot!]
"And yet cleaning MY house and washing
the windows are done with the same,
constant love. Driving the neighbor's
child to school or staying in touch with
MY aging mother are filled with just as
much love.
Of course sometimes there is challenge,
sorrow, and mourning for loss. Yet as I
wrote in MY journal, `So much love in
MY heart that whether it is aching or in
rapture, the amount of love is the same.'"
[Isn't that like saying "I love you as much,
now, as when we first met?" Thus, the "love"
never grew and/or matured!]
"It all started when I asked the Mahanta,
`What's next?' and "followed" the direction
that came with all the Trust, Effort, and Heart
I could. I also made an inner (and outer)
commitment to Face the FEARS that have
haunted me for so many Years and Lifetimes."
[It amazes me that it took this H.I.
this long (about 35 years) to face her
fears! However, what has Klemp (the
Inner Master) been doing for all of these
years for this H.I. and others? Nothing!
It's because he's powerless and a fraud!
It's all an imaginary game for HK and
his gullible, feeble minded, codependent,
and fearful followers to play in order
to feel good, proud, spiritual, and safe!]
"Sri Harold, thank you for patiently
loving and teaching Souls like me."
[Doesn't this sound like she's putting
herself down as though she's shameful?
And, it's certainly clear that she doesn't
subscribe to the idea that Soul = Soul.
Instead, she sounds like a battered wife
who's groveling and is subservient to
the "man" of the house. Perhaps, HK
had her letter printed for this reason!
Klemp wants his servants to grovel on
their hands and knees before him...
their Endlessly Higher Plane Master!]
"I now know Two things to the core
of my being:
[1] One really can live as a conscious
Coworker with God, and
[2] the love and SERVICE we give is
indeed returned a thousandfold.
With oceans of love and gratitude.
Starting to Get It"
She doesn't "know" as much as she
thinks! And, it seems that she's more
of an "unconscious" coworker with God/
Why would a spiritual nonattached
person want/need/require/expect/desire
a "THOUSANDFOLD" return of their
love with "oceans of love and gratitude?"
It's obvious that neither she or Klemp
are Nonattached to these expectations.
And, why does Klemp feel the need to
bribe his lowly servants/followers? It
sounds like she and HK are promoting
the same expectations that other religious
followers have (except for the 77 virgins)
and the same or similar promises that
other religious leaders make!
Yes, she had a subjectively "profound"
experience that eliminated her fears,
but she should have been having these
35 years ago! And, many others have had
these experiences, and greater, in their
current lifetime without Klemp's help!
What's really sad is that she's been as
much the phony as Klemp! By speaking
at the EWS at the Temple, and Speaking
at a Major Seminar, or Facilitating a
Seminar Workshop, and Teaching Arahata
Training, and Teaching Satsang she had
to have given a false impression about
herself and her initiation level (consciousness).
All she did was to ACT "as if" she wasn't
fearful and to act "as if" she had knowingness
and was spiritually advanced. It was all an
act! She deceived all of these people with
false testimony! What's really sad is that
most of the Eckists reading this won't
want to admit that what I've pointed out
is true!
One can't have the FEARS that she has
admitted to AND, also, be highly aware
of God (as an H.I.), and/or of the Holy
Spirit! For Klemp to promote this EK
think shows that he's a bigger fraud!
Your message has been successfully submitted and would be delivered to recipients shortly.


text:
CJS hosted its annual faculty plenary session on Friday, April 16 in the Tokioka Room. Pictured below are, from left to right starting with the back row: Kimi Kondo-Brown (EALL and Interim Associate Dean of LLL), Nobuko Ochner (EALL), Theresa Greaney (Economics), Mark Levin (Law), Yuma Totani (History), Joel Cohn (EALL), Kazue Kanno (EALL), Wayne Farris (History), John Haig (EALL), Lonny Carlile (Asian Studies/CJS), Michel Mohr (Religion), Julie Iezzi (Theatre and Dance), Pat Steinhoff (Sociology), Robert Huey (EALL/CJS), Hisami Springer (Japanese Catalogue Librarian), Arthur Thornhill (EALL), Dina Yoshimi (EALL), Leon Serafim (EALL), Gay Satsuma (CJS), Mire Koikari (Women's Studies), Tokiko Bazzell (Japan Specialist Librarian).
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text:
Plant-wide incentives can be understood as the gain sharing program as these include distribution of a portion of the company's profit or the cost savings to its workers, often in form of the lump sum amount. This usually happens at the manufacturing plants which can be of any type. Incentives often come from the profits gained by the efforts of the workers of the manufacturing plant.
Incentives are distributed to appreciate and motivate the workers of the plant for keeping up their good work. Incentives are also distributed among the workers, as a gesture to show that the organization values their hard working employees. The plant-wide incentive plan can be applied to the groups as well as to individuals. There are different methods of incentive distribution, the most common method of incentive distribution is equal sharing of the surplus. In the plant-wide setup, group incentive plan is rarely used as in the plant-wide setup the premium is distributed as per the output of the entire factory. Sometimes Plant-wide incentive schemes cover only the production workers and in some other cases clerical staffs and even auxiliary workers share the increased earnings.
Conditions to be considered for the plant-wide incentives plan:-
1. Technology
2. Size of the firm
3. Corporate culture
4. Historical performance
5. Stability of the product market
Three major types of Plant-wide incentives:-
1. Scanlon Plan- This type of plan rewards labor savings, most appropriate for the organization that has high labor content.
2. Rucker Plan- This plan is useful for the companies that want to improve other elements such as energy consumption or scrap reduction in addition to labor.
3. Improshare- This plan is the easiest of the profit sharing plans to install and understand.
1. Increase in the level of cooperation.
2. Improved quality.
3. Decrease in the measurement difficulties.
4. Eliciting active employee input.
1. Results in the protection of low performers.
2. Management-labor conflict.
Hence, this concludes the definition of Plant Wide Incentive along with its overview.
Browse the definition and meaning of more terms similar to Plant Wide Incentive. The Management Dictionary covers over 7000 business concepts from 6 categories.
Search & Explore : Management Dictionary
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text:
The Jalopy Journal
Discussion in 'New to the H.A.M.B.? Introduce yourself here!' started by Tom52, Oct 28, 2012.
New from NY working on a 40 Chevy
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Welcome from the Buckeye state!
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John Cage's famous 4'33" is making a fair bid to hit the top of the British pop music charts this holiday season. Interpreted as a protest against insipid pop music hitmaker Malcolm Cowell, the current recording of Cage's largely silent work brought together members of The Kooks, Heaven 17, Guillemots frontman Fyfe Dangerfield, Unkle's James Lavelle, Scroobius Pip and Dan Le Sac, Madness star Suggs and dance acts Orbital and Pendulum in a London studio. Billy Bragg participated by speakerphone. The track is available for purchase at Amazon!
also by Bill Davenport
- Lego My Art! - January 30th, 2016
- Archive: Painting on My Planet/The Top Ten Painters in Houston - January 1st, 2016
- Archive: Tire Iron 0: Cropduster: Hills Snyder/Chris Sauter - December 28th, 2015
- DMA Crane Flip Video - April 26th, 2015
- Helmreich New Dean of Fine Arts at TCU - April 25th, 2015


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Here at Review Centre we work hard to make sure we are the best place on the internet for honest, unbiased consumer reviews - we are grateful for your help in keeping us that way!
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Very helpful website and very efficient. Would use it again and again and again :)


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Elemental: War of Magic - Now Available
by Skavenhorde, 2010-08-24 11:58:47
Elemental: War of Magic is now available for purchase. There are a few different versions to choose from. You can buy the Direct Download or the Direct Download + Standard Edition Box.
They also have a Limted Edition that has the download and comes with the following:
* 18"x26" Elemental Poster
* 18"x26" Cloth map of the Elemental world
* Lore Book: The Hiergamenon
* Elemental music CD
* Pewter Elemental dragon
Newsbit options: Add / View Comments (0) | Forward this newsbit | Link to this Newsbit
Information aboutElemental: War of Magic
SP/MP: Single + MP
Setting: Fantasy
Genre: Non-RPG
Platform: PC
Release: Released


text: The Mineral Lake Lodge is a nice place to stay, rooms are clean and spacious. In the evening it gets really quiet and you can have a good sleep. The view on Mt Rainier is just perfect. But the breakfast is a drawback. Advertised as a continental breakfast you get juice, milk, cereals, slices of bread (wrapped in cellophane) and... More


text:
Official minor league transactions, conveyed to us by Major League Baseball, for the period Sept. 5-11.
Arizona Diamondbacks
Placed on 7-day DL: OF Breland Almadova, OF Yogey Perez-Ramos
Reinstated from DL: OF Justin Williams
Atlanta Braves
Recalled: RHP David Hale, C Christian Bethancourt
Baltimore Orioles
Signed: RHP Marcel Prado (re-signed)
Recalled: RHP Steve Johnson
Added to 40-man roster: OF Chris Dickerson
Optioned to short-season: LHP Zach Britton
Removed from 40-man: C Taylor Teagarden, 3B Alex Liddi (both players outrighted to Triple-A)
Boston Red Sox
Recalled: RHP Allen Webster, OF Jackie Bradley
Designated for assignment: RHP Jose de la Torre
Reinstated from DL: C David Sopilka
The Brewers claimed Jose de la Torre on waivers, bringing the righty reliever full circle in his career. Milwaukee originally signed him as a nondrafted free agent out of high school in Puerto Rico in January '04, though de la Torre never actually made an appearance for the Brewers, his contract voided that April. That allowed him to attend Texarkana (Texas) JC, where after two years the Mets signed him as a nondrafted free agent.
Chicago Cubs
Removed from 40-man: RHP Michael Bowden, OF Cole Gillespie, OF Dave Sappelt (all three players outrighted to Triple-A)
Placed on 7-day DL: C Rafael Lopez
Chicago White Sox
Recalled: RHP Jhan Marinez
Removed from 40-man: RHP Jhan Marinez (outrighted to Triple-A)
Placed on 7-day DL: RHP Dan Remenowsky
Cincinnati Reds
Reinstated from DL: RHP Drew Cisco, RHP Mike Dennhardt, RHP Leo Kemp, RHP Jason Kilby, RHP Dan Langfield, RHP Kyle Lotzkar, RHP Wes Mugarian, RHP El'Hajj Muhammad, RHP Brian Pearl, RHP Chad Reineke, RHP Mike Saunders, LHP Ryan Dennick, LHP Mason Felt, LHP Blaine Howell, LHP Jordan Remer, 1B Sean Buckley, 2B Brodie Greene, 2B Ryan Wright, 3B Marquez Smith, 3B David Vidal, OF Sebastian Elizalde, OF Phillip Ervin, OF Steve Selsky, OF Bryson Smith, OF Jesse Winker
Cleveland Indians
Removed from 40-man: SS Juan Diaz, OF Tim Fedroff (both players outrighted to Triple-A)
Reinstated from DL: RHP Robbie Aviles, RHP Kyle Blair, RHP Rob Bryson, RHP Matt Capps, RHP Ping-Hsueh Chen, RHP Clayton Cook, RHP Jordan Cooper, RHP Jacob Lee, RHP Scott Peoples, RHP Mason Radeke, RHP Felix Sterling, RHP Tyler Sturdevant, RHP Walker White, LHP Elvis Araujo, LHP Mike Rayl, LHP J.C. Romero, LHP Giovanni Soto, C Charlie Valerio, 1B Mitch Nilsson, 2B Luis Hernandez, SS Francisco Lindor, OF Anthony Gallas, OF Bo Greenwell, OF Cedric Hunter, OF Luigi Rodriguez, OF Anthony Santander
Colorado Rockies
Acquired: LHP Yoely Bello from Yankees as player to be named for 3B Chris Nelson
Detroit Tigers
Recalled: LHP Darin Downs
Reinstated from DL: RHP Tyler Clark, RHP Brenny Paulino, LHP Joe Flattery, LHP Ryan Longstreth, OF Tony Plagman
Houston Astros
Signed: RHP Edgar Gonzalez (re-signed following outright)
Recalled: RHP Rhiner Cruz, RHP David Martinez, 3B Brandon Laird, OF Jimmy Paredes
Optioned to Triple-A: OF Eric Thames
Removed from 40-man: RHP Hector Ambriz, RHP Edgar Gonzalez (both players outrighted to Double-A)
Placed on 7-day DL: RHP Cameron Lamb, C Brett Clements, C Jake Rodriguez, C Ryan McCurdy
Assigned to Arizona Fall League: RHP Jonas Dufek, RHP Matt Heidenreich, RHP Andrew Robinson, LHP Alex Sogard, 1B Japhet Amador, 2B Delino Deshields Jr., 3B Jonathan Meyer, SS Nolan Fontana
The Astros claimed Eric Thames on waivers from the Orioles, and while the 26-year-old will be out of options beginning next year, he's also a potential cheap source of lefthanded power at DH or left field. A career .250/.296/.431 hitter in 181 games for the Blue Jays and Mariners, Thames has averaged 19 homers per 162 games and is just entering his prime years.
Jimmy Paredes joined the Astros once Triple-A Oklahoma City got bounced in the first round of the Pacific Coast League playoffs. Like Thames, he will be out of options next season. Paredes hit fairly well at Triple-A this season—.287/.345/.462 with a career-high 28 walks—and he has a quick swing from both sides of the plate as well as the versatility to play a passable third base, right field and second base.
Kansas City Royals
Removed from 40-man: OF Edinson Rincon (outrighted to Double-A)
Reinstated from DL: RHP Alec Mills, LHP Everett Teaford, C Cameron Gallagher, OF Brian Fletcher
Los Angeles Angels
Recalled: C John Hester, 2B Tommy Field
Optioned to Triple-A: 2B Tommy Field
Reinstated from DL: OF Joel Capote
Los Angeles Dodgers
Added to 40-man roster: LHP Onelki Garcia
Miami Marlins
Signed: LHP Jose Quijada, LHP Manuel Rodriguez, 2B Leisman Acosta
Removed from 40-man: OF Jordan Brown (outrighted to Triple-A)
Reinstated from DL: RHP Steve Ames, RHP Andy Beltre, RHP Ramon Del Orbe, RHP Brian Ellington, RHP Brad Mincey, RHP Matt Montgomery, RHP Joey O'Gara, RHP C.J. Robinson, RHP Drew Steckenrider, RHP Rob Waite, LHP Ramon Benjamin, LHP Hayden Fox, LHP Raudel Lazo, LHP Charlie Lowell, LHP Will White, C Jose Ceballos, 1B Ben Lasater, 2B Derek Dietrich, 2B Anthony Gomez, 2B Yefri Perez, SS Terrence Dayleg, SS Rony Peralta, OF Michael Main, OF Danny Pertusati
Milwaukee Brewers
Reinstated from DL: RHP Chad Thompson
Minnesota Twins
Recalled: RHP Cole DeVries, RHP Mike Tonkin, LHP Scott Diamond, SS Eduardo Escobar, OF Chris Parmelee
Added to 40-man roster: RHP Shairon Martis, C Eric Fryer
The Twins rewarded Cole DeVries (one run in six innings), Scott Diamond (seven shutout) and Shairon Martis (2 1/3 scoreless in relief) with callups for their strong showing in the Triple-A International League playoffs. The Red Wings lost a five-game series to Pawtucket in round one.
New York Mets
Recalled: RHP Greg Burke, SS Ruben Tejada, OF Mike Baxter
Added to 40-man roster: RHP Aaron Harang, LHP Sean Henn, C Juan Centeno
Option transferred: RHP Hansel Robles (high Class A to Double-A)
Reinstated from DL: RHP Giancarlo Alvarado
New York Yankees
Released: RHP Chris Bootcheck, LHP Eric Erickson
Traded: LHP Yoely Bello to Rockies as player to be named for 3B Chris Nelson
Recalled: LHP Vidal Nuno, 2B Corban Joseph
Added to 40-man roster: RHP Matt Daley, RHP Jim Miller
Reinstated from DL: LHP Eric Erickson, LHP Freddy Lewis, LHP Vidal Nuno, 2B Corban Joseph
Oakland Athletics
Released: OF Xavier Macklin
Removed from 40-man: LHP Hideki Okajima (outrighted to Triple-A)
Reinstated from DL: RHP Jose Macias
Pittsburgh Pirates
Recalled: RHP Brandon Cumpton
St. Louis Cardinals
Reinstated from DL: RHP Trey Nielsen
San Diego Padres
Released: LHP Jason Lane
Added to 40-man roster: 1B Tommy Medica
Reinstated from DL: OF Johan Limonta
San Francisco Giants
Recalled: RHP Jake Dunning
Removed from 40-man: LHP Dan Runzler (outrighted to Triple-A)
Reinstated from DL: OF Rafael Rodriguez
Seattle Mariners
Recalled: LHP Bobby LaFromboise
Tampa Bay Rays
Released: 2B Julian Morillo, 2B Adderly Rosa
Placed on 7-day DL: 2B Ryan Roberts
Reinstated from DL: RHP Ryan Garton, RHP Roberto Gomez, RHP Taylor Guerrieri, RHP Ian Kendall, RHP Parker Markel, RHP Eduar Quinonez, RHP Wilking Rodriguez, RHP Trevor Shull, RHP Harmen Sidhu, RHP Eliazer Suero, LHP Sean Bierman, LHP Ryan Carpenter, LHP Brandon Henderson, C Oscar Hernandez, C Luke Maile, SS Juniel Querecuto
Texas Rangers
Recalled: RHP Wilmer Font, RHP Josh Lindblom, RHP Roman Mendez, 1B Chris McGuiness
Reinstated from DL: RHP Roman Mendez
Washington Nationals
Released: C Kris Watts
Placed on 7-day DL: C Brian Jeroloman
Reinstated from DL: RHP Mike Broadway, RHP John Costa, RHP Brad Meyers, RHP Manny Rodriguez, RHP Andy Santana, RHP Daury Vasquez, LHP Elisaul Gomez, C Cole Leonida, SS Brennan Middleton, OF Erik Komatsu, OF Jason Michaels


text:
In this graphic you can see the weekly chart shows my price targets for 2013, while the second, hourly chart shows strong volume, meaning big money is slowly building a long position in coffee. The small white chart is the seasonal chart of coffee futures, which shows that prices historically rise from January through March, followed by a correction and then another rally into May.
Follow us on Twitter: @GlobeInvestor


text: Me and the nice people from MetaFilter are starting an ambitious back-tagging project where a team of volunteers will be adding tags to the 42,000 posts that were on the website before we added the tagging functionality. We're hoping that this will make it easier to track down double-posts and related posts and make browsing the site via tags a little more thorough. I envy sites like Flickr that have had tags since the beginning, doing it this way is hard and not at all optimal. In any case, if you have a MetaFilter login and would like to do a little volunteer tagging, please drop me an email or (preferably) an IM with your usernumber and I can get you set up.


text:
Quality, Quantity, And Spatial Variation Of Price
This paper develops and implements a method for estimating price elasticities of demand using cross-sectional household survey data. Geographically clustered households report unit values, which when corrected for quality effects and for measurement error, indicate the underlying spatial variation in prices, and can be matched to variation in demand patterns. A simple model of quality choice is proposed, while the correction for measurement error exploits the clustered design of such surveys. Data from a 1979 household survey from the Ivory Coast are used to estimate price elasticities for beef, meat, fish, cereals, and starches. Copyright 1988 by American Economic Association.
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Death and taxes may be certainties of life… but it doesn't mean we should not do all we can to put them off.
Many clients misunderstand regulations surrounding the taxable consequences when transferring funds from an employer-based retirement account such as a 401k or even an individual IRA account into an annuity. A lot of the challenge comes from how the IRS differentiates between a transfer and a withdrawal or distribution. Transfers or rollovers between qualified accounts allow retirement accounts to maintain their tax deferral status; whereas withdrawing or taking a distribution from a qualified retirement account can result in a taxable consequence – with the exception on withdrawals or distributions using the IRS sixty-day rollover allowance, allowed only once per year!
Watch as the Annuity Guys® discuss the complexities for avoiding tax when moving funds from a qualified account into a qualified annuity.
**Guarantees, including optional benefits, are backed by the claims-paying ability of the issuer, and may contain limitations, including surrender charges, which may affect policy values. During this segment, Dick and Eric are referring to Fixed Annuities unless otherwise specified.
Wonder what the alternatives might be if the government decides to increase revenues (taxes).
Retirement Account Cap With Obama Budget Buoys Insurance
by Zachary Tracer at Bloomberg
A cap that President Barack Obama has proposed on the size of tax-advantaged retirement accounts is seen as potentially pushing savers to another product that limits payments to the government: life insurance.
Obama's 2014 budget plan, unveiled April 10, includes a proposal to cap at about $3.4 million tax-preferred retirement accounts such as IRAs and 401(k)s. That would encourage wealthy savers to put more cash into insurance — whose death payouts are typically exempt from federal taxes — and annuities, where taxes are deferred, said Walter White, chief executive officer of Allianz SE (ALV)'s North America life business.
"In our industry, in many ways, that could be helpful, because then you'll start to look for tax advantages in other ways, and some of our products are geared toward that," White said in an interview in New York.
Related content: Building a Financial Safety Net Special Report
Wealthy investors have long included life insurance as part of a strategy to limit taxes and pass on wealth to their heirs. The cap proposed in Obama's budget would push more assets into life insurance and annuities as investors seek to limit taxes, said Ron Rubin, the CEO of Union Square Financial Partners LLC, which advises wealthy clients on transferring their assets.
Annuities are another type of insurance product that can offer a stream of income in retirement.
"We're going to see a massive swing over to the after-tax, tax-deferred asset classes like annuities and life insurance," Rubin said in a phone interview. [Read More at Bloomberg…]
Video Transcription:
Dick: Hello, I'm Dick.
Eric: And I'm Eric, and we're the annuity guys.
Dick: Yes, we are, and Eric, one of the things that we run into a lot… it kind of amazes me folks but we get folks a call in or they're in our office and the first thing they're concerned about is they're really interested in an annuity and doing an annuity, they're afraid they're going to pay tax… on their IRA or 401K…
Eric: The misunderstanding of how to get the dollars from everything they've saved up for their entire working career is sucked away in IRA's, 401K, and they're all sitting there. And they don't want to pay this tax on what they've perceived is going to be as a distribution.
Dick: Right. Exactly. There's an assumption of some kind of.. an assumption from folks of "well, if I reposition that money from that into this, then I'm going to pay all the tax."
Eric: If you get a withdrawal, they would be right; however, you don't need to do a withdrawal. What you want to do is basically do a rollover right from basically you're IRA or 401K to an IRA annuity. So, it still stays within that IRA…
Dick: IRA wrapper, right.
Eric: And so, it still remains tax-deferred… so you don't have that taxable consequence until you start taking distributions.
Dick: Well… and there's so many different terms that are used. So many times we talk about semantics, one word will mean two or three different things – roll over transfer or we use rollover which typically to you and i and for most folks means a sixty-day rollover where you've actually taking control of the money and your going to roll it over. but then there's the rollover transfer…
Eric: The custodian to custodian kind of a deal where your 401K is held with fidelity and all of a sudden we're going to an insurance company. So it's transferred from fidelity being the custodian to whoever the insurance company…
Dick: Which is considered a rollover transfer. And then another little twist on that is that the company can actually send the check to the client in the name of the company that is going to go to and that's a rollover transfer which is different rules than the sixty-day rollover.
Eric: It's basically defining then that the check is made payable to the company that it's going to go to rather than the individual.
Dick: Exactly…
Eric: Where people get in trouble usually is when the check is made payable to them. Although you do have that sixty-day period basically…
Dick: Well, and if you understand how to use that sixty-day period… it we can be used to their advantage and the sixty-day rollover just gives you time to take control of your money. You can actually co-mingle it which i don't always recommend, but you can do it. And there's nothing wrong about it. You just have to get that exact amount of money within sixty days back into a qualified account and that would be like in IRA, 401K or something of that nature.
Eric: Right. So we should fully disclose here; neither one of us are accountants.
Dick: True:
Eric: Well, we do play them here on television right now. You always want to confer when you're doing these transfers expecially if it's not a straight transfer from custodian to custodian, to make sure your accountants are aware that if you did take possession of funds into a sixty-day rollover because you have to make proper notification to the IRS which…
Dick: And folks, Eric and I give general tax advice on a regular basis, always with the caveat that you want to look at your individual situation with your accountant directly; will even give our clients a lot of times exactly what we want them to take to the accountant and what the accountant should understand about this. And many times the accountant will call us and say "hey, let me just get this straight what we're doing here"… and it works out very well. Now, I have done personally many sixty-day rollovers and the reason I'd chose to do a sixty-day rollover, when money is moving out of an IRA or 401K is I like the paper trail and I like the fact that when you're moving the money – it's not between two large companies and their clerks on each end which get things confused – now they're only sending a check directly to the client, the client receives the check, endorses the back of the check over to the company it's going to go to; it speeds the process up dramatically, less errors and typically this can be done in a two-week period using overnight mail so that you've got tracking numbers. And it's very, very efficient. On the other hand…
Eric: I'm more of a custodian to custodian…
Dick: Eric is more of a transfer guy.
Eric: Yes, I'm a transfer guymbecause the real reason is it really takes the IRS for the most part out of play. The transfer paperwork goes from one custodian to a another custodian; there is no usually issue with the IRS saying "no, you took that as a distribution sent to you because it's going from one company to the other."
Dick: Less of a possibly for any type of a mixed up. And even when they're is a mix up which I've had had or seen happen, it's very easy to straighten out as a rule because you've got all the documentation of the money went from here to here, and you've got tracking numbers and all of that. So, it really comes down folks to sometimes just personal preference in that you're more comfortable with… and I kinda explain it both way to clients and Eric does also so that the client can make a decision which way they feel comfortable with.
Eric: We give you our advice and tell you what the options are.
Dick: Now, one thing Eric I want to bring up here… every once in awhile, someone you know talks to us he gets an inherited IRA and the problem with an inherited IRA is that you can't do a sixty-day rollover.
Eric: That one's got to go custodian to custodian.
Dick: It has to, right or that will be an instant taxable event. So pretty much, if you've inherited an IRA, you have to choose where you want that money to go if you're going to move it and let that country move it to the other company. There's been several cases where a stockbroker or financial planner where they did not understand it, went ahead and said "hey, we're going to cut you this check and you can do what you want with it, you got sixty days to roll over." The minute that check was cut the tax man's at the door.
Eric: That's right.
Dick: There's no way out. You don't get out of that.
Eric: Right. Reminds me of some of the questions we just received recently was about in-service distribution. And some of the confusion that happens when a person who has a 401K typically and they would like to take heavy option of taking dollars out perhaps before they're finished working. Some of the more recent plans – and these are the qualified plans, these are the 401K plans, allow for an in-service distribution. Now that in-service distributions, you're going to continue to work but they're going to give you the option of moving those dollars…
Dick: Some of the money or all of the money out; and a lot of the reason why they did this folks was because these 401K plans were locking up the money and they didn't have many choices and people were losing their money. And so now the companies are getting sued and they're saying "this is not so wise to force people to stay in this 401K… and this always goes back to your plan with your employer; and someone who actually understands the rules because all this is is a simply a rollover…. 401K to an IRA rollover.
Eric: Exactly. And then you can position that IRA with an annuity or with your own self-directed IRA.
Dick: It's all established by the IRS guidelines and the only question comes into play here is "does your plan, your employer that device your plan allow an in-service distribution"… and that means that your money's moving before you retire.
Eric: And most the plans in the last five years have that option because the very reason you're talking about… if it's a somewhat older plan, you may not have that flexibility.
Dick: A lot of the older plans that have had a rude awakening, they're going to allow it… but some of them don't.
Eric: Yes. Alright, one of the last thing I want to talk about is Roth conversions. We've talked about taxes and if you're really trying to avoid tax, there's a little tricks you do with a Roth conversion.
Dick: Yes, there are.
Eric: And as far as tax…. i mean…
Dick: Well, one of one of the things that we talked about and that we work with clients on is that before you actually move your money to an annuity because frequently an annuity gets a nice bonus… nice bomb right upfront, ten percent… five percent… eight percent. So, if you're going to get a nice little increase, why not have it all be tax-free? Tax-free is a good thing, Eric.
Eric: I want the tax-free without one.
Dick: Yes, I'll take that one.
Eric: So, how do you do? Well basically it's doing the Roth conversion.
Dick: Let's just say your money is sitting at Ameritrade – we said fidelity – or what's the other one?
Eric: Etrade…
Dick: Okay, so your money is sitting there and your getting ready do an annuity; well it's pretty tempting to just get that money over an annuity and get that ten percent bonus but you know that you're thinking real soon about converting it to Roth. Why not convert it to a Roth first?
Eric: Pay the tax because your going to pay the tax upfront.
Dick: But you're going to pay the tax in April… so all you have to do is a paperwork.
Eric: Pay the tax before you convert it, get the bonus on a tax-free money.
Dick: Exactly. Technically, you're paying the tax on the the pre-annuity money, you move it in there and all of the sudden you've got ten percent more and it's all tax free… Not a bad deal.
Eric: Yes, it's a way of not cheating uncle sam but it's basically a way of keeping his hands in a small portion of the pie.
Dick: Just give him a poke on his ribs.
Eric: So, and i guess the one thing we want to clarify as we're talking about tax on 401K's IRA's, it's tax deferred here… you're deferring the taxes, you're not avoiding tax, you're deferring it. It's going to start coming out when you start making withdrawals and distribution.
Dick: Correct. And what your really doing is just avoiding a big amount of tax all at ones by doing a proper transfer, a rollover.


text:
Backyard Dreamscapes can be built using your tax refunds!
With springtime fast approaching, wouldn't it be nice to have a new backyard patio or stone pavers around the pool? How about a fire pit for year round entertaining? Adding pavers, patio stones and retaining walls to your backyard can increase the value of your home and provide an awesome place to entertain friends and family.
Many of these backyard projects can be completed without breaking the bank, so using your tax refund to pay for the project could be a good way to pave the way.
Call your local Pavestone distributor or landscaping contractor to get some ideas on turning your backyard into a backyard dreamscape.
Related posts:


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2017 ACM Awards Nominations — The 10 Best Artist Reactions
The Academy of Country Music revealed the nominees for the 2017 ACM Awards on Thursday morning (Feb. 16), and it didn't take long for artists to hear the big news … and start sharing their thoughts on social media.
New artist nominees Maddie & Tae, Chris Jason, Dan + Shay and Jon Pardi were among those who celebrated their nods on Twitter. Fellow new artist nominee Lauren Alaina was so excited that she found herself in tears … in an airport!
Multi-nominee Maren Morris, meanwhile, called her six nods "so humbling" — and joked that her motto for ACM Awards week would be #VegasAtTheMandarin, a phrase from her song "Rich." And it looks as though her boyfriend, singer-songwriter Ryan Hurd, will be there cheering her on … even if that means rooting against Dierks Bentley's Black and Florida Georgia Line's Dig Your Roots, two albums on which he has cuts, in favor of Morris' Hero winning Album of the Year.
Flip through the photo gallery above to see more of the best reactions to the 2017 ACM Awards nominations announcement. The awards ceremony is set to take place in Las Vegas, Nev., on April 2, and air live on CBS beginning at 8PM ET. For the first time ever, the show will take place at T-Mobile Arena; Luke Bryan and Dierks Bentley will return as co-hosts.
The Boot will be staying up late covering the most buzzed-about winners, fashion and moments at the 2017 ACM Awards. Readers can watch along with us by checking back to TheBoot.com for the latest ACMs headlines, liking The Boot on Facebook and following The Boot on Twitter.
How Well Do You Know the ACM Awards?


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From her first turn opposite Humphrey Bogart as the spirited lounge singer Marie Browning in To Have and Have Not, Lauren Bacall was a screen presence like few others. A selection of clips:
To Have and Have Not (1944)
Lauren Bacall schools Humphrey Bogart on how to whistle. Directed by Howard Hawks, based on a novel by Ernest Hemingway.
The Big Sleep (1946)
Bogart and Bacall again, in a noir classic based on a Raymond Chandler novel. Directed by Howard Hawks.
Key Largo (1948)
You could do a whole feature on Bogart and Bacall all by themselves, but Key Largo wouldn't be the same without Edward G. Robinson's sneer. Directed by John Huston.
Murder on the Orient Express (1974)
Bacall is one star among many in Sidney Lumet's adaptation of the Agatha Christie whodunit, but it's hard to argue that she wasn't the one shining most brightly.
Story continues below advertisement


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Artist description:
seems sweet hehe
Flash Draw Created Dec 29, 2012 460 x 640px Unless noted Copyright 2012 mortredmushroom.
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pencildream Dec 29, 2012
lovely drawing!
Raaaaaawr. Dec 29, 2012
I love the way you drew, So nice.
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