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Genetics and Molecular Biology
Print version ISSN 1415-4757
Genet. Mol. Biol. vol.34 no.2 São Paulo 2011 Epub Apr 01, 2011
Genetic differentiation and geographical Relationship of Asian barley landraces using SSRs
Rehan NaeemI; Lynn DahleenII; Bushra MirzaI
IFaculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
IIUSDA-ARS, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Fargo, ND, USA
Genetic diversity in 403 morphologically distinct landraces of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare) originating from seven geographical zones of Asia was studied using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from regions of medium to high recombination in the barley genome. The seven polymorphic SSR markers representing each of the chromosomes chosen for the study revealed a high level of allelic diversity among the landraces. Genetic richness was highest in those from India, followed by Pakistan while it was lowest for Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. Out of the 50 alleles detected, 15 were unique to a geographic region. Genetic diversity was highest for landraces from Pakistan (0.70 ± 0.06) and lowest for those from Uzbekistan (0.18 ± 0.17). Likewise, polymorphic information content (PIC) was highest for Pakistan (0.67 ± 0.06) and lowest for Uzbekistan (0.15 ± 0.17). Diversity among groups was 40% compared to 60% within groups. Principal component analysis clustered the barley landraces into three groups to predict their domestication patterns. In total 51.58% of the variation was explained by the first two principal components of the barley germplasm. Pakistan landraces were clustered separately from those of India, Iran, Nepal and Iraq, whereas those from Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan were clustered together into a separate group.
Key words: cluster analysis, genetic diversity, geographical differentiation, Hordeum vulgare, principal component analysis.
Cultivated barley is one of the oldest known domesticated crops suggested to have multiple origins (Molina-Cano et al., 2005). Archaeological studies indicate that it was first domesticated in the Fertile Crescent about 10,000 yeas ago (Zohary and Hopf, 1993). This is assumed to have taken place from two-rowed wild barley Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. spontaneum in the Near East (Harlan and Zohary, 1966). The research of Badr et al. (2000) supported a monophyletic-barley origin, based on allele frequencies at 400 polymorphic loci. Tibetan wild barley is the proposed progenitor of cultivated barley in the Oriental region (Aberg, 1940). Nevertheless, domestication also occurred in other parts of the world, apart from the Fertile Crescent (Molina-Cano et al., 1999). Recently, Morrell and Clegg (2007) proposed that the domestication of the cultivated form started in the Indus valley, at the site of Mehrgarh (Pakistan) at about 7,000 B.C.
Microsatellite markers have been regularly used to evaluate domestication patterns and genetic relationships among barley landraces. Microsatellites, also known as simple sequence repeats (SSRs), are short (1-6 bp) tandemly repeated DNA sequences that are highly polymorphic as a result of frequent variation in the number of times the core sequence is repeated (Tautz, 1989). SSR technology is useful for evaluating genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships within different populations of the genus Hordeum (Saghai-Maroof et al., 1994).
In the present investigation, 403 landraces of cultivated barley, originally collected from Pakistan, India, Iran, Nepal, Iraq, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, were assessed with a panel of mapped SSRs to estimate regional genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships and population structure. The 403 six-rowed and two-rowed landraces were chosen for genetic characterization according to their origin, spike characteristics and growth habits (Table 1). Representative numbers of landraces from each eco-geographical population were collected, except for Uzbekistan, since these were underrepresented in the germplasm bank. The seeds were provided by the Institute of Plant Genetic Resource Program, N.A.R.C., Islamabad.
Genomic DNA was isolated from young barley leaves of 403 individual plants (one representing each landrace) using the CTAB procedure of Doyle and Doyle (1990), with certain modifications, including treatment with RNase A at 37 °C for 45 min. The DNA was purified by phenol: chloroform: isoamyl alcohol extraction and diethyl ether treatment. The final pellet was dissolved in Tris-EDTA buffer. The DNA was diluted with deionized water to obtain a working concentration of 25 ng/μL and the quality analyzed by 1% agarose gels.
The landraces were genotyped using seven mapped barley SSRs, one for each chromosome (Table 2). The SSR marker on chromosome 3H was located in a region of medium recombination (1.0-4.4 Mb/cM), whereas the other six SSRs were located in regions of high recombination (< 1.0 Mb/cM; Künzel et al., 2000). The SSR assay followed the procedures of Ramsay et al. (2000), with some modifications, in 25 μL of reaction solutions containing 1x reaction buffer, 100 ng of genomic DNA, 1 U Taq polymerase (Fermentas Life Sciences, Glen Burnie, MD, USA), 0.15 mM dNTP, and 0.2 μM of each primer. Amplification was carried out in a thermal cycler (T1, Biometra, Goettingen, Germany) under the following condition: 94 °C for 5 min, 35 cycles of 94 °C 30 s, annealing 1 min, 72 °C 1 min, and a final extension of 10 min at 72 °C. Both annealing temperature and MgCl2 concentration depended on the primer pair (Ramsay et al., 2000; Macaulay et al., 2001). Polymorphism was detected under UV light after running on 6% PAGE and staining with ethidium bromide (0.5 μg/ mL).
The alleles of each SSR locus were sized (bp) with reference to a known size-standard (O-RangeRuler 20 bp DNA ladder, Fermentas), followed by transformation to binary codes, as presence (1) or absence (0) of the respective fragment size, based on electrophoretic mobility using the procedure of Pau and Southern (1982). Allele frequencies, genetic diversities and homogeneity of allele frequencies were calculated. The number of alleles per locus was counted as the combination of polymorphic bands (Struss and Plieske, 1998). Estimates of the gene diversity index (H), the proportion of polymorphic loci (P), and the mean number of alleles per locus (A) were calculated for each SSR locus and population. Polymorphism information content (PIC) was calculated for each SSR, according to Weber (1990). The genetic diversity index (DI) was estimated as the mean genetic diversity over the loci and adjusted for sample size, according to Nei (1978):
DI = 2na (1/ n1Σ (1- Σ xij2))/(2na - 1)
where xij is the frequency of the ith allele of locus j, n1 is the number of genetic loci and na the number of landraces. All the calculations described above were carried out using the software POPGENE version 1.32 (Yeh et al., 1999). The distribution of variability between and within groups was calculated according to Nei (1973) for each microsatellite locus. The total observed diversity estimate (HT) was partitioned into within-group diversity (HS) and between-group diversity (DST) components, where HT = HS + DST. Gene diversity between groups, in relation to total population diversity, was expressed as GST = DST/HT. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to allele frequencies and implemented with the software package SPSS 11 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), so as to obtain a graphic representation of the relationship structure among the different barley groups.
Allelic diversity was evident in all the seven groups of lines, with most markers detecting two or more alleles per group (Table 2). The main exception was the small group of five lines from Uzbekistan, in which three of the markers revealed only one allele. The Indian group presented the highest number of alleles for the seven markers (Table 2), even though the Pakistani had more than twice as many lines. Allelic diversity in the Pakistani and Iranian groups was similar, although unique alleles were more common in the Pakistani. As expected, groups with the fewest members had the fewest alleles. Allelic diversity also varied among the seven markers tested. The highest number (11) of alleles was detected with the chromosome 3H marker, whereas only 5 were with chromosome 4H, 6H and 7H markers in all the 403 lines tested. Furthermore, the latter three revealed no unique group-specific allele. Thirty percent of the alleles were unique to a location.
Allele size diversity, across all the barley accessions, ranged from 26 bp for Bmag0500 on chromosome 6H to 69 bp for HvLOX on chromosome 5H (Table S1), the largest size differences by markers generally occurring in the groups with the highest number of alleles. Overall allele frequency ranged from 0.00 to 1.00. In all the groups, except the Pakistani, there was at least one landrace with a unique marker phenotype. In the latter, the lowest number of landraces with the same marker genotype was five (Bmag0023, 120 bp allele). The most frequent allele in the Pakistani group (Bmag0500, 67 bp allele) was present in only 49% of the lines, whereas in the others, maximum allele frequency ranged from 62%-100%.
Polymorphism-information content for the seven markers (Table S2) varied from 0.45 (Bmag0500, 6H) to 0.66 (Bmag0023, 3H), with an average of 0.58. Measurements of genetic richness (Table 3) followed the same pattern as the number of alleles (Table 3), with India having the highest and Uzbekistan the lowest. Genetic diversity was the highest in Pakistan and India, and the lowest in Uzbekistan. These measurements showed significant differences among the groups, although standard deviation increased to more than half the mean value as the size of the group decreased. The diversity index was not a useful measurement for this material, as standard deviations were mostly higher than mean values. Total gene diversity (Ht) across mapped SSR markers was 0.68. Within-group diversity (Hs = 0.41) was substantially higher than among population diversity (Dst = 0.27).
Cluster analysis divided the 403 lines into ten groups (Figure 1, Table S3). The landraces from Pakistan were divided into five clusters, not always in accordance with their regional origins. Thus, clusters V and VIII were solely composed of Pakistani landraces, whereas clusters III, IV, and X all had large numbers of landraces from this country. The Indian landraces were spread across seven clusters, with more lines in clusters III, VI, and VII than in the remainder. Most Iranian landraces were in clusters IX and VI, with only one in cluster VII and three in cluster X, whereas most from Nepal were in cluster II, most from Iraq in cluster I, and most of the Turkmenistani and Uzbekistani landraces in cluster IV.
Principal component analysis based on allele frequencies among the groups across mapped SSR markers clustered the barley landraces into three groups (Figure S1). All told, 51.58% of the variation could be attributed to the first two principal components, 33.31% to the first and 18.27% to the second. Group 1 was comprised of accessions belonging exclusively to Pakistan, group 2 to India, Iran, Nepal and Iraq, and group 3 only to Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
The estimation of genetic diversity is important for the conservation of germplasm. The seven SSRs analyzed in the present study were located in high-recombination chromosomal regions, detecting 50 alleles in the 403 lines including 15 that were unique to a geographic group. Allelic diversity is essential for revealing the potential of germplasm for further conservation studies and plant breeding. The Asian germplasm in our study presented a similar range in number of alleles and alleles per locus, to that detected in previous studies of cultivated barley (Becker and Heun, 1995; Struss and Plieske, 1998; Ivandic et al., 2002; Matus and Hayes, 2002; Sjakste et al., 2003; Hamza et al., 2004; Feng et al., 2006; Malysheva-Otto et al., 2006; Yahiaoui et al., 2008). In general, as the number of lines included in a diversity study increased, so did the number of alleles/locus (r = .579, p = .0793). As more markers were tested, more alleles were detected (r = .758, p = .011). Diversity in our survey of 403 landraces from seven regions of Asia was similar to that in 65 naked barley accessions (Feng et al., 2006), and the 163 wild barley landraces and old cultivars tested by Struss and Plieske (1998).
Several studies, including this one, have identified high frequencies of alleles that were unique to a specific region or group of genotypes. We found that 30% of the alleles were specific for landraces from a single country. Similar studies (Matus and Hayes, 2002; Feng et al. 2006; Yahiaoui et al., 2008) detected 15.7%-52% unique alleles in H. vulgare specific to a germplasm group. Matus and Hayes (2002) suggested that the presence of so many unique alleles could indicate a relatively high rate of mutation at SSR loci. Unique alleles may be diagnostic of particular inbred lines or for genotype-specific regions of the genome (Senior et al., 1998). The occurrence of a high number of unique alleles in the present study was an indication of the diversity present in this Asian germplasm, as well as its potential as a reservoir of novel alleles required for crop improvement.
Nevo (1998) showed that allelic distribution at microsatellite loci is non-random and associated with habitats. He suggested that populations dwelling in drier habitats have higher genetic diversities at microsatellite loci. Chen et al. (2006) partitioned the total diversity of each locus into average diversity within and among zones. Of the total genetic diversity, 17% was attributable to differences among and 83% to differences within the zones. We also found more variability within groups (60%) than between groups (40%).
Ecogeographical diversity analysis is typically applied to identify "centers of diversity". However, these centers can change over time, as breeding and germplasm exchange continues (Peeters, 1988). The landraces evaluated in this study belong to the Mediterranean (India, Pakistan), Mid-Asian (Iran, Iraq, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan) and East Asian (Nepal; Knüpffer et al., 2003) Centers. Peeters (1988) evaluated 12 qualitative and 18 quantitative traits in several thousand accessions from around the world. Mean diversity in their germplasm samples was highest in the Indian lines and lowest in the Nepalese. The mean diversity in germplasm from Iran and Pakistan was similar and intermediate to that from India and Nepal. In our study, the same pattern of genetic richness was apparent (Table 3), thereby indicating that the seven SSR markers used gave a reliable representation of the diversity in these lines.
According to principal component analysis (PCA), the barley landraces could be clustered into three groups, Pakistan in one, India, Iran, Nepal and Iraq in a second, and Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan in a third. Genetic distances indicated greater similarity of Iranian, Nepalese and Iraqi landraces with those from Pakistan and India than with those from Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Clustering based on individual landraces reflected the results of group PCA, with the Pakistani landraces clustering separately from those originating from other countries. These results are in agreement with Ordon et al. (1997), who observed a clear differentiation between East Asian and German cultivars. Similarly, Hamza et al. (2004) clearly differentiated barley genotypes by UPGMA, according to their geographic regions, row number and end use. In another report, Feng et al. (2006) revealed the genetic relationships of 65 accessions collected from different regions in China. They observed that at a genetic similarity level of about 0.76, the accessions were clearly clustered into two large groups, all the Tibetan accessions being located in one cluster and those from Qinghai and Ganzi in a second.
In conclusion, landraces from Pakistan had a high frequency of unique alleles (8/29) and formed a separate group by principle component analysis. Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan landraces grouped together and were distinct from the landraces from the other five countries. Landraces from India showed the highest genetic richness, with the most alleles for the seven SSR markers. Overall, our SSR survey of 403 Asian landraces revealed high levels of allelic variation that could be exploited for barley improvement.
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Supplementary Material
The following online material is available for this article:
Table S1 - Allele sizes and frequencies of mapped SSR markers for different barley groups.
Table S2 - Polymorphism Information Content for barley groups using mapped SSR markers.
Table S3 - Clustering of 403 accessions of barley landraces using Un-Weighted Pair Group Arithmetic averages (UPGMA) on the basis of SSRs.
Figure S1 - Principal component analysis of barley landraces based on allele frequencies across mapped SSR markers.
This material is available as part of the online article from http://www.scielo.br/gmb.
Send correspondence to:
Lynn Dahleen.
1605 Albrecht Blvd. Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.
E-mail: email@example.com.
Received: April 28, 2010; Accepted: December 9, 2010.
Associate Editor: Dario Grattapaglia
License information: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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Tsunami debris plan to be heard this week in Port Angeles
By Arwyn Rice
Peninsula Daily News
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The meeting, at 6 p.m. Wednesday at the Port Angeles Senior Center, 328 E. Seventh St., will be the public's first opportunity to address the North Olympic Peninsula's specific needs and concerns with the state task force.
Regional meetings also will be held in Ocean Shores at 6:30 p.m. Nov. 15 — at the Ocean Shores Convention Center, 120 W. Chance A La Mer Ave. — and at 3 p.m. Dec. 5 in Long Beach — at the Peninsula Church Center, 5000 "N" Place.
The task force will gather feedback and answer questions about the state plan for handling marine debris transported to state shores by ocean and wind currents from the March 11, 2011, Japan tsunami.
The plan released in September relies on volunteers and volunteer organizations for the bulk of the cleanup, while state and federal agencies will assist as needed to remove items that demand special equipment, training or handling.
In August, the state received a $50,000 grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration — or NOAA — to fund trash bins to be placed at popular beaches, to purchase trash bags and gloves, and to employ crews with the Washington Conservation Corps, or WCC.
The state is working with communities to determine places for bins and to distribute trash bags and gloves, and some already have been placed, said Linda Kent, state Department of Ecology spokeswoman.
Since October 2011, beachcombers have been finding items on Pacific Northwest beaches that could be traced to the tsunami, beginning with large floats that were used in Japanese shellfish farming that were driven by winds ahead of the main body of debris.
The earthquake and tsunami claimed nearly 20,000 lives, destroyed homes and structures, and swept 5 million tons of debris into the Pacific Ocean.
An estimated 70 percent of the debris sank near Japan's shore, while the remaining 1.5 million tons of debris entered ocean currents.
Beach-goers who encounter potentially hazardous debris should not touch or attempt to move it. Hazardous items should be reported to the state hotline at 855-922-6278.
The state Department of Fish and Wildlife will respond to possible invasive species attached to debris.
Report debris sightings, including the time, date, location and any photos, to email@example.com.
The full text of the marine debris plan is available at http://marinedebris.wa.gov.
Reporter Arwyn Rice can be reached at 360-452-2345, ext. 5070, or at email@example.com.
Last modified: November 03. 2012 5:43PM

subset: commoncrawl


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Gleeson delivers as schlubby, corrupt cop
With everyone fussing about who the new, fresh faces are at Sundance, not much has been said about one of the older, less fresh faces who is nonetheless emerging as one of the festival's early delights: Brendan Gleeson, the 56-year-old Irish actor who was once told by a Hollywood agent that he was "too old and too ugly" for movies, and who is the star of the much-buzzed-about THE GUARD, written and directed by John Michael McDonagh (brother of IN BRUGES writer-director Martin McDonagh). A cross between Quentin Tarantino and Edgar Wright (SHAUN OF THE DEAD, HOT FUZZ, etc.), by way of Ireland, THE GUARD is one of the most dementedly fun movies screened so far at Sundance, and has excited huge interest both in buyers and audiences—the 9:30 a.m. screening on Saturday was packed to the gills.
Gleeson plays Gerry Boyle, a schlubby, corrupt cop in Galway, who, in the very first scene, finds an ecstasy tab in the pocket of a man killed in a car accident, pops it into his mouth, and declares solemnly: "What a beautiful fuckin' day." And we're off! The film also stars Don Cheadle as an uptight FBI agent forced to work with Boyle on a drug trafficking case, but the film belongs to Gleeson, in all his tubby, salty, smart-ass glory. To watch him slurp up a chocolate milk shake in a diner (the Tarantino homages never cease) as a drug kingpin reads him the riot act is scrumptious fun. (The joke's beat plays on, as he proceeds to bury his head in his hands and complain of a "milkshake headache.")
No newcomer to the screen, Gleeson has been in almost everything, but—until now—typically playing small, character-actor roles in Hollywood blockbusters (HARRY POTTER) and historical dramas (GANGS OF NEW YORK).
All we can say is: Ricky Gervais move over!
For more of Nicole's dispatches at the Sundance Film Festival see her
blog on The Daily Beast.


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When Tow Vehicles Fail, Bring Out The Race Car And A Rope
Rain and mud cut the January Lone Star Rallycross event short, which caused another problem with the tow vehicles parked in the soft grassy parking area. They got stuck. Most of the rallycross cars, however, didn't get stuck in this mess. Behold, a Subaru towing a Silverado out of the mud.


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D.C. United Head Coach Ben Olsen
On the difficulty of Open Cup matches
It's not what we didn't need. Gut checks sometimes are not the end of the world. We got through it tonight. I've been playing and coaching Open Cup games for a long time now and this is it, every time. It's never great, the other team is always fighting for their lives and ramped up more than the quote unquote better team, and we survived.
Overall thoughts on the match
We made a meal out of that game and we made it more difficult than it needed to be. It's never easy to break down a team that wants to defend with the entire team and then counter attack with two quick guys.
On what to take from the match
There's a lot to take from this game. Some of it is Ethan [White getting minutes] and some [other] guys that haven't gotten games, got minutes. I thought Lewis Neal did a heck of a job at left back, first time ever playing there. I thought, overall, it was what you expect out of an Open Cup game.
On Marcelo Saragosa scoring the winning goal
He doesn't have a lot of games and I thought as the game went on he got better, got more control of the game and finishing off with a goal was good.
D.C. United Midfielder Marcelo Saragosa
I'm happy to score and get a chance to step onto the next level. It was hard for us because we scored and then [Richmond] was fighting hard to get another [goal], but everybody helped each other and I think it's a great win.
I think the mentality to be together is the most important for us. There were many corner kicks, and in the end we came and were able to score. I'm happy to have scored like that.
D.C. United Goalkeeper Joe Willis
On the goalkeeper's role
It's sometimes hard for a goalkeeper because you don't get a lot of action but all of a sudden they'll break and you have to stay tuned in. It's always nice to see your team play that well, though.
On Kickers goalkeeper Ronnie Pascale
He played amazing. I don't know how many saves he had, probably more than ten, which is unusual for a goalie in soccer. He had a great game, kept his team in as long as he could and there wasn't much he could do about either goal.
On the pregame talk from Ben Olsen and Josh Wolff
Benny and Wolffie both said something before the game; that it was going to be a grind. We were hoping to come in early and put a few [goals] on them, and we knew that if we didn't it would end up the way it did. I'm just glad we were able to grind it out and get a win.
D.C. United Midfielder Branko Boskovic
On the development of the match
I was thinking 'I cannot watch this game.' When we scored the first goal, I was thinking that everything was going to be okay, that we would score the second and third goal. But things changed and they scored, and it started being difficult for us. But we were good until the end and scored the second goal, which is much better than going to penalties, because then everything is possible.
On the difficulties about coming in as a substitute
It's difficult, because you must prove what is on paper, that you are better. You must attack all the time; you must always try something. We must continue to win – it doesn't matter against who. Every game is a new challenge and a new experience. Like every player, I have to give the maximum and play 100% against everybody.
On the corner kick that lead to the winning goal
It was nothing special, I just put the ball in the box and we scored. We had a lot of corner kicks and free kicks, but this team [Richmond Kickers] was also good on set pieces. But luckily, we scored.


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Ad Age's Rance Crain '60 Writes of Bob Woodward's Ubben Lecture at DePauw
December 12, 1994
December 12, 1994, Greencastle, Ind. — Rance Crain, editor-in-chief of Advertising Age and a member of DePauw's Class of 1960, has a theory: "If the Washington Post had not assigned two young metro reporters to the story and had instead given it to its White House contingent, I believe the truth about Watergate as part of an elaborate dirty tricks scheme would never have become known. The White House press corps, not known for its gumshoe abilities, would have written the episode off as a two-bit break-in of the Democratic National Committee's office without wider implications." (at left: Rance Crain; below: Bob Woodward speaking in DePauw's Meharry Hall)
Crain, president of Crain Communications, notes in his column today that he had an opportunity to share his hypothesis with Bob Woodward, one of the two Post reporters who broke the story, when Woodward visited DePauw University on December 2 as a guest of the Timothy and Sharon Ubben Lecture Series. He writes, "Mr. Woodward, much to my disappointment, did not support my theory about Watergate. He contends the Watergate burglary ''was like a string on a sock. Pull it and the rest unravels.'' Watergate was the 'triggering event.' I'm not convinced. President Nixon's mistake was in trying to cover up the Watergate burglary. That's what brought him down. If the two young Washington Post reporters hadn't linked it to a broader pattern of disruption, history would have been very different."
A member of the advisory board of DePauw's Center for Contemporary Media, Crain writes, "The thrust of Mr. Woodward's remarks to the students and faculty was not about Watergate but about his contention that the press was 'not up to the task before us to explain what's going on.' He said the media 'missed the big change' in their pre-election coverage and so failed to prepare readers and viewers about the momentous implications of the Republican sweep ... Mr. Woodward's view is that we in the media, as well as the recipients of our products, are too focused on the latest development. But, he said, the latest is often 'irrelevant or untrue.' What people want, Mr. Woodward said, is 'straight talk. Error is the trajectory of learning, but the problem is we don't have the culture to admit an error and move on' ... What makes a good story, he emphasized, is the 'quality of the information ... Information has power, not reporters.''
Read the complete column at the publication's Web site (a paid subscription is required).
An article summarizing Bob Woodward's Ubben Lecture at DePauw can be accessed here.
Source: Advertising AgeBack


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This spectacular site in the Western Cape is made up of eight protected areas. It might be less than 0.5% of the area of Africa but here you will find nearly 20% of the continent's flora.
The Park's 328 000 hectares of magnificent scenery extends all the way to Mozambique and is made up of marine systems such as coral reefs and beaches, coastal forests with salt and fresh water marshes to the open estuarine waters all the way to the drier woodland areas.
Located in the north uniting Botswana and Zimbabwe, this extensive savannah is regarded as South Africa's first kingdom marking the heart of a pre-Shona kingdom between 1050 AD and 1270 AD.
This 47 000 ha is the world's richest concentration of fossil hominid bearing sites - providing profound scientific value and an unparalleled window into the past.
A unique mountain desert wilderness found in the Northern Cape, the area is managed by the National Park Board and the local Nama people.
Found just off the coast of Cape Town this island was used as a prison, a hospital for socially unacceptable groups and a military base.
This spectacular natural site contains the largest and most concentrated group of paintings in Africa south of the Sahara, made by the San people over a period of 4 000 years.
This is the oldest and largest meteorite impact site known in the world fromed by a meteorite believed to be larger than Table Mountain and dating back an estimated 2000-million-years.


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Welcome to a new year of community philanthropy and public service. Jacquie Oliverius has entrusted the "Good Neighbors" column to me with hopes that community connections and traditions will continue to flourish in the Contra Costa Times family. Thank you all for sharing your good news with us.
Feeding those in need
John Muir Health is delivering much needed assistance to families this holiday season with a generous donation of $40,000 to Food Bank of Contra Costa and Solano.
"We are extremely grateful for the generosity of John Muir Health," said Larry Sly, executive director of the food bank. "This funding will enable our food bank to provide 80,000 meals right here in our community where the need is greater than ever before."
Winter Ice Gala
Award-winning ice dancers and figure skaters will help celebrate the new Walnut Creek winter ice rink at a formal Winter Ice Gala on Jan. 14, at the Walnut Creek Ice Rink.
Mike Chack, U.S. National Men's Bronze Medalist and Olympic Festival Champion skater, will be among those performing.
Dan Ashley, ABC7 news anchor, will perform an ice dance as well as sing with his band, PUSH.
The Walnut Creek Ice Rink is sponsored by the Walnut Creek Chamber and Visitor's Bureau and the Downtown Business Association.
The event, from 6:30 to 11:30 p.m., will be held in heated rink side tents and include a catered dinner from Scott's Seafood Bar & Grill, wine donated from Shadowbrook Winery, and vodka from SF Vodka. Tickets are $125 per person and are online at www.walnut-creek.com. For more information, call 925-934-2007.
Labors of love
The Contra Costa Regional Medical Center Auxiliary received a nice surprise recently for its Newborn Layette Project when the First Wednesday Ladies Domestic Arts Guild of Martinez presented it with hand-knit "Labors of Love."
Guild members knitted blankets, sweater sets, booties and caps, which are presented to mothers as they take their babies home, said guild member Deloris McDonald.
Book giveaway
Ygnacio Valley Elementary School students were all smiles as the beneficiaries of more than 600 books in a mass giveaway hosted by the Rotary Club of Concord-Diablo.
Thrift Recycling Management of Benicia donated the books, which were laid out in the school multiuse room for students to claim. The remaining books were donated to the school's Book Nook exchange.
Ed Birsan, the club's community service director, and Victor Aparicio put the project together with Principal Christine Richardson and assistant Claudia Rodriguez.
Contact the Rotary Club of Concord-Diablo at www.CDRotary.org.
Giving spirit
Unity Church of Walnut Creek, as part of its special Teddy Bear Project, brought the Christmas spirit to Healthy Start Program Emergency Room of Contra Costa Regional Medical Center patients with gifts of stuffed bears.
Delivering the bears — purchased by members of the congregation — were Terrilynn Hammond and Joanne Cosgrove.
Scouting report
Doing a good turn daily can make a difference in someone's life are words these Scouts live by.
Home Instead Senior Care of Walnut Creek volunteers collected more than 600 gifts for local seniors who otherwise might have been overlooked this holiday season as part of their "Be a Santa to a Senior" program.
Gifts were donated by CVS Pharmacy, Raley's Supermarket in Brentwood, Comerica Banks in Danville and Walnut Creek, and the Waterford Retirement Community in Rossmoor.
Boy Scouts of Troop 1994 collected, wrapped and delivered the gifts to 284 area seniors.
'I Bleed Silver & Black'
Blood donors at any American Red Cross blood center or mobile blood drive (excluding high school and college blood drives) in the Northern California Region will receive an "I Bleed Silver & Black" T-shirt through Jan. 15.
The Red Cross hopes the promotion will draw donors during a season when holiday schedules, inclement weather and illness take a toll.
The Northern California Blood Services Region of the Red Cross, which supplies blood to 30 local hospitals, operates five blood donation centers and holds mobile blood drives throughout the Bay Area.
Individuals who are at least 17 years old (16 with parental permission), meet height and weight requirements, and are in generally good health may be eligible to donate blood.
Call 800-RED CROSS (800-733-2767) or visit redcrossblood.org to schedule an appointment.
"Good Neighbors" is compiled by Faith Barnidge. Send club and organization news, Scouting items, notices of awards and other submissions to firstname.lastname@example.com


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Top Police Posting on Hold as Hopefuls Face Investigations
Public Security Minister Yitzhak Aharonovitch yesterday put the appointment of the next police commissioner on hold until the completion of a state comptroller report.
The comptroller is looking into the conduct of the police's Southern District commander, Maj. Gen. Yohanan Danino, who is a top candidate for the post.
On Tuesday morning, State Comptroller Micha Lindenstrauss told Aharonovitch he was still probing a complaint against Danino over alleged negligence that led to the murder of two police informants about four years ago. Lindenstrauss told the minister and Attorney General Yehuda Weinstein that his office needed more time to complete the inquiry.
Lindenstrauss said he was astonished at Aharonovitch's haste in appointing a new police commissioner, given that the inquiry into the affair had not been completed and the current commissioner, David Cohen, is only due to retire on May 1 next year.
Over the next few days, Weinstein plans to examine whether he could defend Danino's appointment if it is challenged in the High Court of Justice.
The suspected negligence came to light when a former senior officer in the investigations division, Commander Israel Abarbanel, wrote a letter to the State Comptroller's Office detailing the part he said both Danino and Cohen had played in the affair.
"Danino must not be appointed commissioner as long as the investigation into the murder of the two police informants is not completed," Abarbanel told Haaretz.
Yossi Salhov, the father of one of the murdered informants, also objects to Danino's appointment.
Salhov told Haaretz yesterday that "Danino is directly responsible for my son's murder and he has not paid for what happened. I've been trying to talk to him for four years without success. For three years they didn't return my calls. He must pay for his snafu."
The informant, Eyal Salhov of Bnei Brak, had managed to penetrate Avi Ruhan's crime organization as part of an undercover investigation. Police reports said Salhov frequently made contact with his police handlers and brought about the arrest of several members of the organization.
The younger Salhov, who met with police officers dozens of times, had said from the moment he started working for the police that he feared being exposed. Two days after his last meeting with a police officer, his bullet-riddled body was found in a citrus grove.
The investigation's findings indicated that Salhov's work as an informant put his life at risk. Because he was suspected of various offenses, he wore an electronic cuff and was forbidden to go far from his home - and all his acquaintances knew it. But despite this, his police handlers met him in hotels and other distant locations. Salhov's friends from an alleged crime organization soon noticed this and started suspecting him of being a police agent.
To dispel their suspicions, they sent him to throw a hand grenade into Ramle police's central investigations unit. The assignment was approved by then-police commissioner Moshe Karadi and Cohen, then Central District commander, who also notified the state prosecutor. The police gave Salhov a dud grenade, which he threw into the police station without hurting anyone.
The crime ring's suspicions of Salhov only deepened after this incident.
A day before Salhov's murder, a police officer called his cell phone. Instead of Salhov, one of the gang members replied, pretended to be Salhov and chatted to the officer. The officer did not use his code name and it became clear to the gang member that Salhov was a police informant. The following day, Salhov's body was found.
But despite their failures in handling Salhov, police did not open an investigation into the events leading to his murder.
The second murder took place three weeks later, at the beginning of November 2006. The victim of that killing, whose name cannot be released by court order, acted as a police informant inside the Jarushi crime syndicate.
Neither case has ever been solved. The information provided to the state comptroller charges that not only did the police act negligently by not preventing the murders, but in their aftermath, it failed to investigate its own actions.
Danino was allegedly aware of the failures in real time, and immediately after one incident in which the life of an informant was put in danger, he did order an extensive investigation.
But according to information reportedly received by the comptroller, the probe was not carried out, and Danino did not insist on it. Subsequently, the two informants were murdered.
This week, Abarbanel wrote a sharp letter to Lindenstrauss in which he said the comptroller's examination of his complaint over the informants' murders had been unnecessarily delayed. Despite two meetings that took place on the matter in the comptroller's office, he said, there has been no progress.
"This is a matter of an offense of failure to prevent a crime," he wrote. "Even worse, they knew, and attempts were made to whitewash the affair and explain that no investigation could be made."
The police team investigating the affair was appointed in 2007 and was headed by the former commander of the intelligence department at police headquarters, Brig. Gen. Manny Yitzhaki. In June, Haaretz revealed that the team had not questioned anyone: Its work was based solely on intelligence reports and documents they had collected.
At a meeting in the Justice Ministry in May, the head of the investigations and intelligence department, Maj. Gen. Yoav Segalovich, told State Prosecutor Moshe Lador that despite the police's failures, the probe had not concluded that the way the informants were handled led to them being discovered and murdered. Yitzhaki did recommend altering certain directives governing sources in the field.
Possibly with an eye toward a lawsuit, Lador instructed Segalovich's team to seek other possible explanations for why the informants were outed and murdered - for example, fallings-out among criminals.
Meanwhile, Yossi Salhov hired a lawyer who approached the State Prosecutor's Office with a demand for compensation. Lador's office agreed to settle out of court for over NIS 1.5 million.
A source familiar with the details of the case said it was a pity Lindenstrauss had waited until the last minute to say there was an obstacle to Danino's appointment.
Sources in the State Comptroller's Office said that at the time of the meeting with Aharonovitch, the Bar-Lev affair had not yet blown up and stopping the appointment process was not urgent.
The comptroller's office also said yesterday that it has given all the information it has on the murder of the informants to the Attorney General's Office.
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Create an Account - Increase your productivity, customize your experience, and engage in information you care about.
PIERRE, S.D. – The City of Pierre is working to repair a water leak discovered this morning on North Willow Avenue just north of West Elizabeth Street.
The repair is expected to be complete by the end of today.
Seven city water customers will be without water service until the water line has been repaired.
The City of Pierre maintains more than 100 miles of water main and provides up to 5.5-million gallons of water daily.


text: Facebook [ Danielle Gilman — Babe of the Day By GuySpeed Editors April 2, 2012 | GuySpeed.com Danielle Gilman is a 24-year-old model from Boston, MA. Read More Category: Hotties, Photos Tags: Babe of the Day, danielle gilman Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


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Keosauqua celebrating 175 years with parade
KEOSAUQUA— "Celebrating 175 Years" is the theme for Keosauqua's parade July 5.
The parade coincides with Keosauqua's weekend festivities July 4-6, celebrating the town's 175th birthday.
All entries that wish to be announced need to be at the Van Buren High School front entance at the corner of Fourth and Oak streets starting at 8:30 a.m. and in place by 9:30 a.m. Information sheets to be completed about the entry will be distributed at the entrance to the parade line-up and then picked up by the Rotary parade committee members.
Line-up for the parade is on a first-come, first-serve basis. No pre-registration is necessary.
The parade will leave the school at 10 a.m. The route leaves the Sixth Street exit of the school, proceeds past Good Samaritan Center on Country Lane Road, then turns right on Dodge Street down to First Street, turns right at the Old Creamery and proceeds down First Street to the viewing stand in front of the library.
All businesses, organizations, groups, teams, bands, families, children, and individuals are encouraged to participate in the parade and join the community in celebrating Keosauqua's 175th birthday.
For information regarding the parade, call Sam or Sandra Polonsky at 319-293-6373.


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February 13, 2014
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Arsenal are working on a new deal for Santi Cazorla.
The Gunners announced contract extensions with Per Mertesacker and Tomas Rosicky yesterday.
They now hope to confirm new deals for Cazorla and Aaron Ramsey.
Ramsey was only handed a new contract in December 2012, but the Welshman is set to sign another new worth £100,000-a-week.
For breaking stories and all the great banter like us on Facebook: facebook.com/tribalfootball


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MINNEAPOLIS, Nov. 15 (UPI) -- Adrian Peterson ran for two touchdowns and 133 yards and Brett Favre passed for 344 yards in a 27-10 Minnesota Vikings victory Sunday over the Detroit Lions.
Peterson's scoring runs were from 22 yards and 1 yard.
Favre threw 29 passes, completing 20, one of them an 8-yard scoring toss to Jeff Dugan.
Ryan Longwell kicked 22- and 35-yard field goals for the Vikings (8-1), who led all the way.
Minnesota's Sidney Rice grabbed seven passes for 201 yards.
Rookie quarterback Matthew Stafford passed 8 yards to Will Heller for a touchdown and Jason Hanson booted a 38-yard field goal for the Lions (1-8).
Stafford finished with 29 completions in 51 throws, totaling 224 yards.


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Plans for Morenci's all-school reunion are falling into place, says Morenci Education Foundation president Bill Van Valkenburg.
Planning continues for several events scheduled during the Sept. 25-27 weekend.
LETTERMEN—Former members of the Letterman's Club will be honored during half-time of the homecoming football game against Madison High School.
With other homecoming events scheduled, there won't be time for individual introductions, but a few club members will be highlighted.
Anyone who would like to participate should register with Joe Farquhar by calling 517/458-6667 or writing to him at firstname.lastname@example.com. Participants are urged to wear their letter jacket—providing it still fits.
BAND—Alumni band members are invited to join the current high school band to perform the school fight song and the theme song for the weekend, "Thanks for the Memories." The songs will be played at the football game intermission.
Register by Sept. 1 by contacting Sybil Diccion (email@example.com or 517/458-2200).
ART SHOW—Alumni are encouraged to enter pieces in a special All-Media Alumni Art show planned at the Liz Stella annex of the Stair Public Library. Participants are asked to contact either Kym (Lamley) Ries (email@example.com) or Colleen Leddy (firstname.lastname@example.com) to register.
HISTORY—During the day on Saturday, Sept. 26, the Morenci Historical Society building on Main Street (the former Allen Jewelry Store) and Zachel's one-room schoolhouse north of Morenci will be open, and several Morenci businesses will offer special deals to Morenci school alumni.
DINNER—The catered buffet dinner starts at 5:30 p.m., with registration beginning at 4:30. The meal will feature Swiss steak, Italian chicken, two salads, two vegetables, cheesy potatoes and a variety of cobblers for dessert.
A short program will follow the dinner with John Geisler (Class of 1956) and Jim Whitehouse (Class of 1965) as the featured speakers. The classes of 1984, 1969, 1959 and older will be recognized. The cost of the evening is $20 a person and registrations must be made by Sept. 1. The reunion is open to anyone who attended Morenci Area Schools at any time, whether or not they actually graduated from Morenci.
REGISTRATION—Pamphlets were mailed to more than 3,300 Morenci graduates, however, they were not sent to the graduating classes of 2000-2009.
"Even though we want and encourage newer graduates to attend, we do not have current address for these graduates," Van Valkenburg explained.
Registration pamphlets have also been placed at the library, city hall, both banks and the Observer office. Alumni can reserve tickets via the form included in the brochure, by sending an e-mail to Lou Ann at firstname.lastname@example.com, or by visiting the website http://www.visitmorenci.org/alumni.
One registration has arrived from Hawaii, Van Valkenburg said.


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"Guitar Pro 6, a Linux hybrid, is the ultimate toolbox for the guitarist! It includes all the tools you need to improve, compose and accompany yourself on the guitar. This simple and intuitive multitrack tablature editor is specifically designed for guitar, bass or other stringed instruments.
Guitar Pro 6 features the newest in playback technology including RSE – Realistic Sound Engine. RSE gives you real time playback of your scores with realistic sound samples taken from high quality guitars and real time effects such as wah-wah. Advanced notation features add drum notation, vocal notation and tablature support for any stringed instruments with four to seven strings. The newest version, Guitar Pro 6.0, includes over 40 new features while improving on those that have made it the most popular guitar tablature editor available."
ENJOY this Full Software Guitar Pro 6.1.5 r11553 with Working Keygen for Linux users.


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GET ML-87-BK Description
Designed to accommodate a variety of venues, from residence to restaurant this Fusion melamine rectangular platter will display your vegetables, fruits, deserts and meats. The smooth finish of this rectangular platter makes it exceptionally easy to clean and the sleek black finish reflects light beautifully for a classy presentation to your guests and patrons. At a fantastic value, this Fusion rectangular platter is an absolute steal. GET takes the utmost pride in the Fusion rectangular platter dinnerware they create. Top of the line quality and durability are standard in every rectangular platter that they design. This simple, smooth, rectangular platter measures 17-1/4"x6-5/8"x2" for easy stackablity and handling. Give your kitchen quality dinnerware today!
Standard Features
- Fusion finish
- Rolled edge
- 17-1/4"x6-5/8"x2"
- rectangular shape
Platter, 17-1/4"x6-5/8"x2", rectangular, melamine, black, Fusion. Melamine is dishwasher safe but not recommended for microwave use.
GET ML-87-BK SpecificationsPDF Spec Sheet


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I haven't even started writing the docs for SL designer extensibility, and here's Justin Angel with a great blog post that's worthy of the Visual Studio documentation. Maybe I can steal it without anybody noticing… Siverlight Design Time Extensibility A custom editor running in Blend. Technorati Tags: Silverlight,designer,extensibility,Visual Studio
Month: November 2008
WPF developers take note: WPF Designer Hotfix is posted
If you're writing WPF code, be sure to run the new Hotfix. Details at the WPF SDK blog. Technorati Tags: WPF Designer,Silverlight Toolkit,XAML


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Maybe it's all the women who are fed up with skinny girls getting all the attention. I thought she'd be the one leaving tonight also.Quote:
Originally Posted by dancingfan;3893959;
Printable View
Maybe it's all the women who are fed up with skinny girls getting all the attention. I thought she'd be the one leaving tonight also.Quote:
Originally Posted by dancingfan;3893959;
I can think of many, many other people they could use besides Melissa. The woman just won't go away.........
How about Cloris Leachman? :laughQuote:
Originally Posted by dancingfan;3894003;
Me too. We can hang together. :laughQuote:
Originally Posted by MiniDiva;3893993;
Cloris would be fine as long as she didn't bring Corky along, lol.
Tom tortures the in jeopardy (if they really are) and bottom 2 more (I hate seeing them under that red light! :bawl) by going over the judges comments again and giving the standard "did the viewers come through for you".
Evan is very classy, tells Brooke he doesn't think there's a target on his back and is really bummed and surprised that Erin is in the bottom 2.
Brooke has talked to everyone but Erin/Maks tonight. What the heck?
Out of all the pros I dislike, I would gladly throw my support behind them because Corky is one guy I hope to never see return. For a guy that has what seems to be the best reputation in the world of ballroom as a champion and coach, he came off like a trashy douche on the show.Quote:
Originally Posted by dancingfan;3894010;
Karina really needs to go back to being blonde and let her hair grow. I take it back, maybe I don't miss her too much :lol Of course considering I'm about to lose my hunky Russian eyecandy...maybe.
Oh no, You're right! In past weeks they have been talking to those in the Bottom 2 that are announced early. I hope that's not a bad sign. :sadQuote:
Originally Posted by karalott;3894011;
Why do they always put Chad in jeopardy when he's always safe? Pam/Damian in the bottom 2.
Oh, Chad/Cheryl are safe, has to be a good omen for Erin/Maks -- Sorry Pam, I hope it is you!


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SAN DIEGO (CBS 8) - If you want to get your motor running, look no further than the Barona Speedway.
In Tuesday night's Zevely Zone, Jeff learns the hard way that sometimes, slow and steady does not win the race.
The always-heated topic of whether to begin holiday shopping on Thanksgiving Day will be raised again Thursday, as many chain stores will open their doors around San Diego one day before the so-called "Black Friday."
Thanksgiving could see record-setting heat in San Diego County, according to forecasters, who also reported the smashing of temperature records across the county on Wednesday.
A charity run, meals for the needy, a long-running music festival and holiday shopping are on tap for Thursday's Thanksgiving Day in San Diego.
Your living room often becomes your work space if you work from home. If you have kids, the house can be even more chaotic. Well now, more women are able to take 10-15 steps out of their home and into their "she shed."
Around 60,000 passengers are expected to pass through San Diego's Lindbergh Field daily during the upcoming holiday weekend.
Thanksgiving meals were provided to the needy around San Diego County Wednesday, one day ahead of the holiday.
A pedestrian was killed Wednesday night in a hit-and-run crash in the Mountain View section of San Diego and police detained the driver, who fled the scene on foot after the vehicle struck a house.
U.S. and Japanese ships and aircraft were searching in the Philippine Sea on Thursday for three sailors missing since a U.S. Navy aircraft crashed a day earlier.


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Well it too long enough, but it looks like the SAUSD board has taken their head out of the sand, for now. According to an OC Register article last week, the SAUSD has agreed to seek money from Obama's stimulus, which includes grants of up to $2 Million in order to fix the six schools that have been deemed as failing by the state. Of course the money comes with strings attached that mandate the school district do one of the following:
Tag Archive for Leo Villarreal
Santa Ana Residents Speaking Out!
by Claudio Gallegos •
It looks like 2010 is going to be the year the residents of Santa Ana begin to rise up and speak out and demand accountability from their city leaders. I have long wondered when they would have enough, it turns out having six schools to be declared failures, a non-responsive City Council, a lack of places for their children to play and gang violence have finally driven them over the edge.


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Bossypants by Tina Fey and Is Everyone Hanging Out Without Me? (And Other Concerns) by Mindy Kaling
I'm treating this one like a two-pack — kind of like when you buy a double mouthwash because CVS is having a sale. I love funny, smart women. It's kind of my weakness. So two — count 'em, two! — books by two of the funniest women currently making television? Come on. Also, yes, I know I promised to read Bossypants after the summer was over, but I just didn't. Don't judge me.
Registration to the Army Ten-Miler
Two years ago, I ran the Army Ten-Miler with my dad, wearing an anti-"don't ask, don't tell" T-shirt. If I start training for it now, by the time October rolls around I can wear a "Yay, (sort of) Equality!"
A stupid iPad
I'm an Apple user for life, but I gag a little when I think about the ridiculous consumerism that Apple products encourage. Still, you can't ignore amazing technology. ($499 and up, Apple.com)
Freaks and Geeks, The Complete Series, Yearbook Edition
Confession time: I've never seen a full episode of Freaks and Geeks. I hate myself for saying that, only because I know I would love the show, and it's people like me who caused the show to be canceled after only 17 episodes. Anyway, if there's one good way for me to atone, this is it. ($69.99, Amazon.com)
Canon Vixia HG20
For capturing all of my hilarious high jinks in high definition. Read a review.
In the winter of 2005, I had a dream. A dream where I walked down the street in chocolate-brown suede round-toe wedge boots. No crazy stitching. No frills, patches, or other ridiculous embellishments. In the years since, I've not been able to find the exact version of those boots in a store or online. Everyone in my family and many of my friends know about the Dream Boots. Even my sister-in-law, the best shopper in all the land, went on an Internet quest for the boots to no avail. So, six years later, I'm conceding. I saw these at the mall a couple of days ago, and I just might go buy them ...i f I can muster the courage to do so, without worrying that I'll only bump into the real Dream Boots on the clearance rack at Macy's. (This is as close as I can get to the Dream Boot.)
An Italian Vacation
Yeah, that's a lot to ask, but in 12th grade my English teacher told us that if we went to Italy at any point in that school year, we would get an automatic A in the class. Since then I've been intrigued by Italy — the food, the art, the architecture, the people, the politics, the language, the cinema. While my sister and I plan a cheap trip to celebrate her graduation from a master's program, I'll just dream of my own Roman Holiday sometime in the future.


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Member since January 2, 2011
Right now, I'm reading:
Impulse by Ellen Hopkins
My favorite story of all time is:
Aria of the Sea by Diane Calhoun Voyage of the Dawn Treader by C.S. Lewis
In bed I like to read:
an old book or something easy
If you were to throw up your hands in exasperation and yell "it's the story of my life," what would you be talking about?
finishing school books to get to read pleasure books
©2005 - 2017 Six Words, LLC


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Changes between Version 4 and Version 5 of IndyTubeInitScript
- Timestamp:
- 06/28/09 05:09:35 (8 years ago)
- Unmodified
- Added
- Removed
- Modified
v4 v5 1 1 To start and stop indytube using your OS's init system (works on debian-style systems, YMMV on other systems), you need two files: /etc/default/indytube which set the location of the indytube directory/ies, and /etc/init.d/indytube, which does the starting and stopping. After copying these files, run "chmod +x /etc/init.d/indytube" then "update-rc.d indytube defaults" 2 2 3 /etc/default/indytube needs just one line - the full path to indytube. Multiple instances are seperated by a space 3 /etc/default/indytube needs 4 4 {{{ 5 5 # Location of indytube instances; seperate by a space if you have more than one


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Lost in Moonlight
Credits & Info
- Uploaded
- Aug 25, 2011 | 6:42 AM EDT
- File Info
- Song
- 2 min 7 sec
- Score
- 4.42 / 5.00
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- Score:
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Rated 5 / 5 stars
I had this looping in the background of my computer...and assumed it was a loop song.
Nice piece.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
This is the Audio Portal at its finest. I like the amount of instruments and the harmony of the flute and cello then the voice and cello. (have always been a fan of the cello) I wish this song was longer though. Has a "dragon age" sound to it. If you haven't listened to the soundtrack from them yet, check it out. Might strike some more inspiration.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Wonderful and beautiful
This soprano is an amazing singer! And you put the music so beautifully with her. Great job!
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Absolutely beautiful.
That was absolutely fantastic. It's so dark and mysterious with a slight sadness in it. It is composed amazingly well and there is quite a bit of variety in this song. This song has a somewhat epic feel to it. I love the very quite choir I think in the background at some parts. This is just beautiful and I love it. My only complaint is that the ending feels a bit sudden. It doesn't sound bad, but I feel like the song had more to go with. Nonetheless, the rest of the piece more than makes up for it by being absolutely amazing.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Loved the game, love the music.
'Nuff said. Keep up the good work!


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Is now available here and makes interesting reading especially if any of you were doubting the importance of BPM servers today and in the future.
Full Disclosure: The mysterious MS sponsor he mentions on his blog is of course our team.
Now I'm off to figure out how this American voting system thing works - should be fun.


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Top Items:
Andrew Solomon / New Yorker:
The father of the Sandy Hook killer searches for answers. — In Peter Lanza's new house, on a secluded private road in Fairfield County, Connecticut, is an attic room overflowing with shipping crates of what he calls "the stuff." Since the day in December, 2012, when his son Adam killed his own mother …
Discussion: KTLA 5, TalkLeft, Scared Monkeys, CNN, ABC News, BillMoyers.com, Fox News Insider, Mediaite, Talking Points Memo, Althouse, Mashable, Gawker and The Week
Jeralyn / TalkLeft: Adam Lanza's Father Speaks Out
Scared Monkeys: Peter Lanza, the Father of Sandy Hook Elementary School shooter Adam Lanza Gives First Interview …
Catherine Thompson / Talking Points Memo: Adam Lanza's Father Speaks Out: He Would've 'Killed Me In A Heartbeat'
Ann Althouse / Althouse: "Even in an age when a child's every irregularity is attributed to a syndrome, the idea …
Stan Schroeder / Mashable: Kim Jong-un Wins 100% of Votes and Other News You Need to Know
Taylor Berman / Gawker: Adam Lanza's Father Speaks: "You Can't Get Any More Evil"
Charles P. Pierce / Esquire:
CPAC BONUS SATURDAY — THE PRINCESS IN EXCELSIS … WASHINGTON, D.C. — By now, and by god, it should have settled permanently in the consciousness of the nation what a huge and untoward gamble with the country John McCain and his campaign took in 2008 when they elevated Sarah Palin …
Discussion: The Daily Caller, No More Mister Nice Blog and Balloon Juice
Jim Treacher / The Daily Caller: Lefties still love to hate Palin
Anne Laurie / Balloon Juice: Open Thread: CPAC Roundup
Xenos / Reading is for Snobs:
Shocking: Sarah Palin's Green Eggs and Ham Parody Was Ripped From Chain E-Mail — Today was the last day of CPAC, and the honor of being the final speaker for the convention was given to former half-term half-wit governor, Sarah Palin. Her speech was characterized by the usual touting of …
Discussion: Mediaite, No More Mister Nice Blog and Hullabaloo
Steve M. / No More Mister Nice Blog: CPAC IS THE WINGNUT BAD COP. THE GOP ESTABLISHMENT IS THE SLIGHTLY LESS BAD COP IT EMPOWERS.
Thereisnospoon / Hullabaloo: Sarah Palin rips off an old chain email, by @DavidOAtkins
Dylan Byers / Politico:
John Kerry's brutal CNN joke — Secretary of State John Kerry delivered a knife to the heart of CNN during Saturday night's address at the annual Gridiron Club dinner, the white-tie-and-tails event hosted by Washington's most prestigious press group. — During a humorous and well-received speech …
Discussion: The Moderate Voice, Liberaland, Talking Points Memo, Hinterland Gazette and Mediaite
Joe Gandelman / The Moderate Voice: Kerry Crist Lampoon CNN's Ratings Problems
Janet Shan / Hinterland Gazette: John Kerry Zinger: "I Am Out of Politics and Based on Ratings So is CNN"
Evan McMurry / Mediaite: John Kerry Nukes CNN
Sen. Rand Paul / BREITBART.COM:
EXCLUSIVE-RAND PAUL: STOP WARPING REAGAN'S FOREIGN POLICY — Every Republican likes to think he or she is the next Ronald Reagan. Some who say this do so for lack of their own ideas and agenda. Reagan was a great leader and President. But too often people make him into something …
Discussion: CNN, Talking Points Memo, Wall Street Journal, Politico, BuzzFeed, Business Insider, Hit & Run, ThinkProgress, The Daily Caller, Hot Air, Mediaite, ABC News and National Review
Ashley Killough / CNN: Rand Paul takes veiled swipe at Ted Cruz over foreign policy
Rebecca Ballhaus / Wall Street Journal: Rand Paul Says Hawks Misreading Reagan's Legacy
Burgess Everett / Politico: Rand Paul slams Ted Cruz in op-ed
McKay Coppins / BuzzFeed: Rand Paul Fires Back At Ted Cruz: "Splintering The Party Is Not The Route To Victory"
Brett LoGiurato / Business Insider: Two Of The GOP's Top Presidential Prospects Are Engaged In A Very Public Feud
Matt K. Lewis / The Daily Caller: Ted Cruz has the buzz; Rand Paul has the infrastructure?
Benjamin Bell / ABC News: Sen. Ted Cruz Breaks With Sen. Rand Paul on Foreign Policy
Sen. Rand Paul / TIME:
U.S. Must Take Strong Action Against Putin's Aggression — In an op-ed for TIME, Sen. Rand Paul argues that if he were President, he would take a harder stance against the Russian President for his actions: "Vladimir Putin's invasion of Ukraine is a gross violation of that nation's sovereignty …
Discussion: Hot Air, Taylor Marsh, Post Politics, Mediaite and CNN
Allahpundit / Hot Air: Ron Paul: Crimea has the right to join Russia, and U.S. sanctions would be "criminal"
Aaron Blake / Post Politics: Rand Paul hits back at Cruz's foreign policy dig
Evan McMurry / Mediaite: Cruz Bashes Obama, Rand Paul: 'When U.S. Doesn't Stand for Freedom, Tyrants Notice'
Jenna Levy / Gallup:
U.S. Uninsured Rate Continues to Fall — Uninsured rate drops most among lower-income and black Americans — WASHINGTON, D.C. — The percentage of Americans without health insurance continues to fall, measuring 15.9% so far in 2014 compared with 17.1% in the fourth quarter of 2013.
Discussion: Firedoglake, Wonkblog, ThinkProgress and The Week
Jon Walker / Firedoglake: Uninsured Rate Drops
Jason Millman / Wonkblog: Five takeaways from Gallup's poll on the uninsured
Sy Mukherjee / ThinkProgress: Uninsurance Rate Falls As Millions Sign Up For Obamacare, Survey Finds
Greg Sargent / The Plum Line:
Morning Plum: As GOP certainty about Obamacare's collapse deepens, number of uninsured falls again
Morning Plum: As GOP certainty about Obamacare's collapse deepens, number of uninsured falls again
Discussion: The Hill, Bloomberg View and Politico
Jonathan Easley / The Hill: Dems see healthcare opening on Medicaid
Jonathan Bernstein / Bloomberg View: Good Obamacare News That Might Even Be True
Emily Schultheis / Politico: Mark Begich targets Kochs in first TV ad
Meet America's Most Hated Doctors — You received years of specialized training in a field that you're passionate about. You've decided to work in an area of the country where you feel you can make a difference. You have a family, and you're primarily concerned about helping other families thrive.
Colleen Crinion / Talking Points Memo: Today We Honor Abortion Providers
Suzanne Goldenberg / Guardian:
Democrats to stage climate 'talkathon' — More than two dozen Democratic senators will take to the floor to show their commitment to tackling climate change — More than two dozen Democratic senators will take to the Senate floor on Monday for an all-night session of speeches on climate change.
Discussion: The Reaction
Susan Davis / USA Today:
Democrats plan all-night 'talkathon' on climate change
Democrats plan all-night 'talkathon' on climate change
Discussion: BuzzFeed, ThinkProgress, Hot Air, The Hill, The Daily Caller and Ed Driscoll
Evan McMorris-Santoro / BuzzFeed: White House Will Pull Climate Change All-Nighter With Democrats On Twitter
Ed Morrissey / Hot Air: Senate Democrats plan all-night global-warming talkathon in support of ... er ...
Laura Barron-Lopez / The Hill: Senate Dems stage climate all-nighter
Jim Treacher / The Daily Caller: Senate Dems to yammer all night about global warming
Rebecca Leber / ThinkProgress:
George Zimmerman Signs Autographs At A Florida Gun Show — George Zimmerman signs autographs. — CREDIT: Wesh.com — George Zimmerman, the man who shot and killed Trayvon Martin, was the featured guest at a central Florida gun show this weekend, where he autographed photographs for customers.
Discussion: FOX 35 News Orlando and Mediaite
Matt Wilstein / Mediaite: George Zimmerman Doesn't See Anything Wrong with Signing Autographs at a Florida Gun Show
Tom Boggioni / The Raw Story:
George Zimmerman appearance at Florida gun show draws blanks
George Zimmerman appearance at Florida gun show draws blanks
Discussion: Liberaland
Amanda Ober / WESH-TV:
George Zimmerman signs autographs at Orlando gun show
George Zimmerman signs autographs at Orlando gun show
Discussion: Talking Points Memo, UPI and Gawker
Evan Bleier / UPI: George Zimmerman is 'guest of honor' at Florida gun show
Erica Goode / New York Times:
Little-Known Health Act Fact: Prison Inmates Are Signing Up — In a little-noticed outcome of President Obama's Affordable Care Act, jails and prisons around the country are beginning to sign up inmates for health insurance under the law, taking advantage of the expansion of Medicaid …
Discussion: Mediaite, NewsBusters and Fox News
Evan McMurry / Mediaite: Meet Obamacare's Newest Enrollees: Inmates
Scott Whitlock / NewsBusters: NBC and ABC Skip News That Prisons Will Now Be Enrolling Inmates Under ObamaCare
New York Times:
Staking $1 Billion That Herbalife Will Fail, Then Lobbying to Bring It Down — WASHINGTON — At a Midtown Manhattan steakhouse last June, William A. Ackman, the activist hedge fund manager who had bet a billion dollars on the collapse of the nutritional supplement company Herbalife …
Discussion: Bloomberg View and JustOneMinute
Jonathan Weil / Bloomberg View: Bill Ackman's Hilariously Inept Crusade Against Herbalife
Associated Press:
Kim Jong Un 'elected' with 100% of the vote — PYONGYANG, North Korea (AP) — With no one else on the ballot, state media reported Monday that supreme leader Kim Jong Un was not only elected to the highest legislative body in North Korea, he won with the unanimous approval of his district, which had 100% turnout.
Discussion: The Jawa Report, Hot Air and Liberaland
Rusty Shackleford, Ph.D. / The Jawa Report: Congratulations to Dear Leader on Election, Victory Over Reactionary Counter-Revolutionary Forces
Erika Johnsen / Hot Air: Amazing: Leader of authoritarian gulag state unanimously "elected" with 100 percent voter turnout
Jerusalem Post:
US State Department: Recognition of 'Jewish state' not a precondition to peace talks — Kerry discusses peace process with King of Jordan; US reaffirms that it does recognize Israel as the Jewish state. — The US State Department affirmed on Friday that the US recognizes Israel as a …
Discussion: Israel Matzav
Maya Yarowsky / JerusalemOnline.com:
American State Dept. Spokesman: "Palestinians need not recognize the Jewish state"
American State Dept. Spokesman: "Palestinians need not recognize the Jewish state"
Discussion: Betsy's Page, American Spectator and Jihad Watch
Betsy Newmark / Betsy's Page: Cruising the Web — Quite a few political observers …
Aaron Goldstein / American Spectator: State Dept. Official: PA Need Not Recognize Israel as a Jewish State
Joshua Green / Businessweek:
Even After Bridgegate Scandal, Chris Christie Is in Better Shape Than You Think — When the Conservative Political Action Conference kicked off in National Harbor, Maryland, on March 6, all eyes were on New Jersey Governor Chris Christie. No presidential prospect has endured a rougher few months …
Discussion: Bloomberg and The Reaction
Richard K. Barry / The Reaction: On the Hustings
Alison Leigh Cowan / New York Times:
Ruling Clears Way for Skakel Libel Suit — A federal judge ruled that Michael C. Skakel's libel claim could proceed against the television personality Nancy Grace and her associates over comments made on her current affairs show that falsely suggested DNA evidence tied him to Martha Moxley's 1975 murder.
Discussion: Politico, The Huffington Post, The Raw Story and Mediaite
Hadas Gold / Politico: Nancy Grace libel case moves forward
Katherine Fung / The Huffington Post: Judge Says Libel Lawsuit Against Nancy Grace Can Proceed
Tom Boggioni / The Raw Story: Kennedy cousin's libel suit goes forward over Nancy Grace's false claim about DNA discovery
Paul Krugman / New York Times:
Liberty, Equality, Efficiency — Most people, if pressed on the subject, would probably agree that extreme income inequality is a bad thing, although a fair number of conservatives believe that the whole subject of income distribution should be banned from public discourse.
Discussion: investinginkids, This Is Brad DeLong's … and Daily Kos
Timbartik / investinginkids: Reducing inequality may sometimes increase economic growth - and a specific example is early childhood education
J. Bradford DeLong / This Is Brad DeLong's …: Over at the WCEG: The Social Insurance State, Economic Problems of the North Atlantic …


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The Boston Red Sox continued the process of mending fences with former ace and future Hall of Famer Pedro Martinez last week by naming him a Special Assistant to GM Ben Cherington.
Martinez was a key component of the 2004 World Series Champion Red Sox, but that turned out to be his last season in Boston. Martinez' relationship with the team's front office soured to the point of no return during the ensuing off-season, as name-calling and finger-pointing from both sides led to his signing a free agent contract with the New York Mets.
The olive branch extended by the Red Sox in this case is pretty transparent. The Red Sox ownership group is clearly trying to repair their public image after a long series of gaffes, none bigger than their recent treatment of former manager Terry Francona and subsequent hiring of Bobby Valentine to replace him. But there's definitely something else in play here.
The Red Sox invited Martinez back to Boston for the 100th anniversary celebration of Fenway Park last summer and even handed him the microphone and a bottle of champagne, allowing him to interact with the fans. Now they've given him a job.
It doesn't take a genius to figure out that the Red Sox don't need Martinez in their front office. Frankly, they may not even want him there. How exactly will he "assist" Cherington? Let's face it. Martinez won't be following Cherington around the park like Jonah Hill tagging along behind Brad Pitt in Money Ball. That just isn't happening. It's far more likely that the Red Sox are simply looking to the future—a future that will certainly see Martinez enshrined in Cooperstown.
The Red Sox have a strict policy that has been scrutinized and ridiculed over the years regarding their treatment of retired superstars. The policy in question does not allow for players' uniform numbers to be honored by the team unless the player either left baseball for good as a member of the Red Sox or was brought back to the team as an employee following his retirement. The player must also be a member of the Hall of Fame. It's pretty silly actually, but the current ownership group seems to follow this self-imposed rule religiously.
Boston's front office has cited this policy as the reason why Hall of Famer Wade Boggs' number 26 has not been retired. To refresh your memory, Boggs spent 11 years in Boston, posting a .338 average and amassing 2,098 of his career 3,010 hits. He was an eight-time all-star with the Red Sox, winning five batting titles and six Silver Slugger awards. To this day, though, the Red Sox refuse to acknowledge Boggs' career, and they've issued number 26 to 12 different players since Boggs left the team via free agency following the 1992 season.
Back in 2000, the Red Sox retired Hall of Famer Carlton Fisk's number 27 after first hiring him for one day as a—you guessed it—special assistant. Amid an avalanche of mockery following the move, the Red Sox promised to do away with the part of the policy that addresses current team affiliation. Still though, the supposed defunct rule continues to be cited whenever Boggs' name comes up. Fisk, on the other hand, has since been hired by the Chicago White Sox as a team ambassador.
It's pure speculation right now as to what any of this means for Pedro Martinez, but it seems that the Red Sox are aware of the writing on the wall when it comes to his Hall of Fame credentials. With the Red Sox alone, Martinez posted a 117-37 record, striking out 1,683 batters in 1,383 innings. He won two Cy Young Awards while with the team, and in 1999 he enjoyed one of the greatest seasons ever by a pitcher (23-4, 2.07 ERA, 313 strikeouts).
Bringing Martinez back to the organization is a good move, regardless of the motive. It's good for the fans, good for the team's public image, and, at least for now, it keeps Martinez from taking a job somewhere else in MLB. Now, when Martinez eventually gets his Cooperstown ticket punched, the Red Sox won't have to jump through a bunch of make-believe hoops in order to hang number 45 on the right field façade.
When that day finally comes, it will be a mammoth celebration for the Red Sox and their fans. It will be a day when all eyes are on Fenway Park—none more focused, perhaps, than those of Wade Boggs.
(JM Catellier is the author of Fixing Baseball, a guide to restructuring the Hall of Fame. Follow him on Twitter: @FixingBaseball and Facebook, and check out his site: www.fixingbaseball.com)


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Foreign investors 'not likely to pack and go'
Foreign firms are unlikely to move their investments out of the mainland and Hong Kong back to the United States, despite signs of an economic recovery in the US, a senior banker says.
It is difficult for the firms to just "pack and go", since they have spent a great deal on infrastructure for long-term development in Asia, said Sohfern Boey, the managing director and head of global transaction services at DBS Bank (Hong Kong).
"We don't see capital going back to the West," she said.
Boey's division looks after trade flows and manages cash for companies. It collects deposits, transfers money, processes transactions and provides trade finance and other forms of secured lending.
Global transaction services, which Boey described as the bank's "bread and butter" business, has contributed a third of the revenue of the wholesale bank at DBS in Hong Kong for many years, regardless of market volatility.
"You may regard the income from investment banking as the bonus, and the income from our department as the basic salary," Boey said.
In the wake of the financial crisis, commercial banks have kept a closer eye on transaction banking, which offers a relatively stable income, and competition has intensified as a result.
"Margin is being lowered by competition," Boey said.
She said the bank never set its prices too far from those of its rivals and hoped to reduce the cost of services to maximise its profit margin.
It encourages clients to use electronic means for many transactions to save on labour costs. Boey's division has 50 staff, excluding those in the back office.
DBS ranks fifth by market share in trade financing in Hong Kong, accounting for 6 per cent of the total. Boey said the bank hoped to increase that proportion by building on its strong relationship with small and medium-sized enterprises in the city and improving internally, even though economic growth in the region might slow down a bit.
DBS is adopting the new international standards for banking practice, updated by the International Chamber of Commerce in April, to facilitate trade by using standardised documents and checking of procedures, so as to manage non-payment risk, she said.
Boey declined to give the growth rate of the bank's trade finance loans but said they rose faster than the market, which grew 22.4 per cent year on year in March.
New trading links developed with Africa, South America and within Asia would bring an increase in trade volumes in the city, which would benefit DBS, she said.
DBS Group's chief executive, Piyush Gupta, said most Asian financial firms were not heavily affected by the tougher Basel III bank safety rules on capital requirements, because "everybody has got enough capital and everybody has enough liquidity" in Asia.
"While leverage in trade finance is a pain for some banks, by and large across Asia, banks are not really overly impacted negatively by the trade finance leverage issue in the short term," Gupta told reporters in Singapore last week.
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Red Sox Walk Off Over O's in Game 1
The Red Sox got another fantastic performance from Jon Lester on Saturday afternoon and another walk-off win, their sixth of the season, beating Baltimore 3-2 in the first game of the doubleheader against the Orioles at Fenway Park.
Pinch-hitters got the job done for the Sox in the ninth, as Jonny Gomes, pinch-hitting for Stephen Drew against O's reliever T.J. McFarland, reached on an infield single, went to second on David Ross' sacrifice bunt, and scored on a single to left by Jonathan Herrera, pinch-hitting for Jackie Bradley Jr.
Lester went eight innings, giving up just two unearned runs on five hits with no walks and seven strikeouts. He was not involved in the decision, as he lowered his ERA from 2.92 to 2.73.
Koji Uehara earned the win, pitching a perfect ninth with two strikeouts.
MVP: Jon Lester
Lester turned in another sterling performance. He went eight innings, giving up two unearned runs on five hits with no walks and seven strikeouts.
Lester lowered his ERA from 2.92 to 2.73. It was his second straight start without allowing a walk. The 12 unearned runs he has allowed this season are a career high. His previous high was seven in 2012. Lester threw 118 pitches, his third highest total of the season, behind 122 on April 27 at Toronto and 119 on May 3 against Oakland
GOAT: T.J. McFarland
T.J. McFarland entered in the ninth for the Orioles. He gave up a lead-off single to pinch-hitter Jonny Gomes before David Ross sacrifice bunt moved Gomes to second, and Jonathan Herrera's single scored Gomes for the walk-off win.
Stephen Drew started a nifty 6-4-3 double play on Nelson Cruz's grounder up the middle to end the eighth.
Lester, if recent talk about contract had been a distraction: "judging by today, i don't think it was much of a distraction"
— Maureen Mullen (@MaureenaMullen) July 5, 2014
The Red Sox improved to 15-18 in one-run games and 6-7 in walk-off games…The Sox are now 6-5 against the O's this season…The Sox' 33 one-run games is most in the American League…They have played 12 one-run games in their last 19 games…The Sox three errors in the game were one shy of their season high, April 24 against the Yankees…Jonathan Herrera's ninth-inning single to scored Jonny Gomes with the winning run was Herrera's first career walk-off hit…Stephen Drew's second-inning home run was his first since Game 6 of the World Series, and first in 95 regular-season at-bats since Sept. 19, 2013…Dustin Pedroia's third-inning throwing error was his second error of the season, snapping a 61-game, 301-chance errorless streak since the second inning on April 24 against the Yankees. He entered the game leading the major league second baseman with a .997 fielding percentage…Daniel Nava reached base three times, one shy of his season high, and increased his OBP to .430 since being called up on June 2…Mike Napoli walked in the eighth inning, the eighth straight game he has done so, the longest active streak in the majors. He has reached base in 20 of 24 games since returning from the disabled list on June 8, posting a .404 OBP in that span…Xander Bogaerts went 0-for-4 with three strikeouts. He is 0 for his last 27 with 12 strikeouts, and has just two hits in his last 50 at-bats…The Sox' win snapped the O's season-long four-game win streak. It was the O's fourth walk-off loss of the season.
The Sox win dropped the O's into a tie for first place in the American League East (for the time being anyway, with the Blue Jays who have a late game in Oakland). The Sox are now seven games out of first place. A doubleheader sweep would certainly help to clean out some of the feelings left over from being swept at Fenway earlier in the week by the lowly Cubs.
John Lackey (9-5, 3.62) is scheduled to start the night cap at 7:15, opposed by right-hander Ubaldo Jimenez (3-8, 4.31).
Lackey allowed six runs on 10 hits in 5 1/3 innings in his only start against the O's this season, April 18 at Fenway. He is 14-6 in his career against Baltimore, a .700 winning percentage that is his second-highest against any AL opponent, behind only his .760 against Oakland.
This will be Jimenez's third start this season and seventh of his career against the Sox. The Sox are 2-0 in those starts. Jimenez is 1-3 with a 9.31 ERA in his career against the Sox, 0-1 with a 5.56 ERA this season.
The O's have provided just 2.91 runs of support to Jimenez. That is the lowest mark in the AL.


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My experience at Bridal and Formal was wonderful from the moment I walked in the door. The owners and staff are amazing, helpful and kind and I wouldn't have wanted to go anywhere else. Olivia was so helpful from the first dress to the last. I also ordered my Bridesmaids gowns from B&F and they were just as helpful in accommodating all 10 of my Bridesmaids! Thank you so much for everything! Olivia was so helpful and sweet whenever we came in the store. We trusted her from the moment we started looking for dresses! Andy, of course, was amazing and helpful throughout my entire experience. I have a lengthy thank you to write which I've put off because I find it difficult to find the words to thank him for his generosity!
the opening of the doors and seeing my "almost" husband's face while being surrounded by wonderful friends and family will always be an unforgettable moment and memory.
Stephanie P.
Bridal Gown by: Enzoani, style Olva and in the Ivory color.
Bridal Veil by: Toni Federici, stylle 70-56 and in the Ivory color.
Bridesmaids Gowns by: Alfred Angelo, style 7257, 7243 & 7289L all in the Lilac color.
Ceremony and Reception by: Krippendorf Lodge at the Cincinnati Nature Center


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Each year the American Medical Association publishes statistics of medical education in the U.S.
This year there are 18,200 students in the medical colleges, of whom 17,652 are in the regular medical colleges, 410 in the two homeopathic colleges, 148 in the one eclectic school. There remain three nondescript colleges, of which two are mixed up with osteopathy and the third is disowned by the National Eclectic Medical Association although claiming to be eclectic in character.
Nine hundred and ten women are now studying medicine, which is 44 less...
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