text:
A British teenager is attracting international attention for publicly announcing, explaining and defending his virginity, pledging to hold on to it until he meets the right woman.
Phin Lyman, an 18-year-old boarding school student in the United Kingdom, has written a bold article about his decision to wait to have sex. And the piece will soon be published in the Wellingtonian, Wellington College's student newspaper.
In the forthcoming article, he describes sex as, "an incredibly strong symbol of love between two people" — one that binds them together both emotionally and physically like "glue."
Casual sex and multiple partners, Lyman said, aren't sustainable choices. So, he plans to wait until he meets someone he's in love with, according to the Daily Beast.
"If you tear that bond the rip leaves open scars where the glue once was," he wrote. "That's why 'casual sex' never works in the long term."
[sharequote align="center"]"That's why 'casual sex' never works in the long term."[/sharequote]
But Lyman admitted that waiting to have sex isn't easy, especially considering his contention that there are some "incredible good-looking girls" at his school. Abstaining, he said, takes self-discipline.
Lyman also claimed in the piece that his friends say he's missing out on a ton of fun, but he disagrees.
"I really believe I am not," he wrote. "The people sleeping around are the unhappy ones."
Some have questioned Lyman's motives for coming forward with his claim of virginity, but he said he wrote the article, because he found the pressure exerted on young people to have sex "depressing." He also hopes the piece helps convey the reasons he's chosen to keep his virginity.
[sharequote align="center"]"The people sleeping around are the unhappy ones."[/sharequote]
News of his story comes following the release of a study in the U.K. that found that one in ten British university students first had sex at or before the age of 14, the Daily Mail reported.
(H/T: LifeSiteNews.com)


text:
Ben Uzoh G FA 5 years ago
The Wizards worked out Ben Uzoh and Blake Ahearn.
A.J. Price broke his hand and is out 4-to-6 weeks, so the Wizards are extremely thin at point guard with John Wall (knee) also out. Earl Barron could be cut and neither Uzoh or Ahearn have fantasy value.
Ben Uzoh G FA 5 years ago
Nuggets sign Ben Uzoh and Anthony Carter for training camp.
Uzoh was just waived by his French team and will now look for a way to return to the NBA. Carter, a veteran, isn't expected to make the team, but could very easily join George Karl's coaching staff.
Ben Uzoh G FA 5 years ago
Ben Cholet will be waived by his French team Cholet.
Uzoh may look to the D-League or another overseas job as a springboard to return to the NBA.
Ben Uzoh G FA 5 years ago
Ben Uzoh has signed with Cholet in France.
Uzoh has spent parts of the last two seasons between the Nets, Cavs and Raptors. An undrafted point guard out of Tulsa, Uzoh actually started eight games for the Raptors last season, averaging 7.4 points, 6.4 rebounds, 4.9 assists and 1.4 steals in that role. He should have a much larger role and a more lucrative paycheck overseas.
Ben Uzoh G FA 6 years ago
Ben Uzoh recorded his first career triple-double in the Raptors' 98-67 blowout win over the Nets on Thursday, scoring 12 points on 6-of-19 shooting with 11 rebounds, a career-high 12 assists, four steals, and one block in 46 minutes.
This is a silly season result if we've ever seen one. Alan Anderson scored 20 points and hit five threes, giving category hunters a big push tonight.
Ben Uzoh G FA 6 years ago
Ben Uzoh scored eight points on 2-of-6 shooting with four rebounds, five assists, one steal, and one block in the Raptors' loss to the Bucks on Monday.
Uzoh will start the rest of the way with Jose Calderon all-but ruled out with an eye injury, and if you're desperate for PG stats then give him a look.
Ben Uzoh G FA 6 years ago
Ben Uzoh started in place of Jose Calderon (eye) again on Wednesday, but finished with just three points on 1-of-4 shooting with five rebounds and two assists in 33 minutes of action.
Uzoh's fantasy value is directly tied to the health of Calderon. Should Calderon continue to miss time, Uzoh will be worth starting despite tonight's poor performance.
Ben Uzoh G FA 6 years ago
Ben Uzoh hit just 2-of-11 shots for four points in the Raptors' 109-87 loss to the Hawks on Monday, but set career-highs for rebounds (10) and assists (eight) in 33 minutes of action in another start at PG.
We're calling Jose Calderon (eye) questionable for Wednesday and while the injury's severity is in question, at the end of the year anything can happen. In Uzoh's last three starts he has averaged 30 minutes, 7.3 points, 0.0 threes, 7.0 boards, 5.3 assists, 1.0 steals, 0.3 blocks, 1.7 turnovers, and 40.7 percent shooting from the field and he hasn't attempted a free throw.
Ben Uzoh G FA 6 years ago
Raptors signed PG Ben Uzoh for the remainder of the season.
With Jose Calderon (eye) out until at least Wednesday, Uzoh is the Raptors' starting point guard. He's managed a 9.0 points, 5.7 rebounds, 3.7 assists and 1.0 steals in that role this season. Owners just need to be aware that Uzoh has attempted just one 3-pointer all season.
Ben Uzoh G FA 6 years ago
Ben Uzoh started at point guard for injured Jose Calderon (eye) on Friday against the Cavs, scoring nine points on 4-of-8 shooting with six rebounds and three assists in 34 minutes.
This should be considered a win for anybody that chose to spot-start Udoh tonight, and needless to say he won't have any fantasy value unless both Calderon and Gary Forbes remain out.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
[Examination of Joe Franklin by Assistant Attorney General Sanford (6/14/1906).]
SANFORD: Is your name Joe Franklin?
FRANKLIN: Yes, sir.
Q. Did you ever live in Chattanooga, Franklin?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. How long have you been living here?
A. I have been living here ever since 1883.
Q. Since 1883?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Does your family live here now?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Have you been away recently?
A. Yes, sir; I have.
Q. Did you ever serve in any public capacity here; in any office?
A. I did; I served as constable here.
Q. How many times did you serve as constable?
A. I served three successful terms.
Q. Were you here in the spring of last year, 1906, at the time of the Ed Johnson lynching?
A. Yes, sir; I was.
Q. What position did you occupy at that time?
A. I was constable at that time.
Q. Did your duties as constable take you around that jail frequently?
A. Very often; yes, sir.
Q. Did they ever take you around there at night?
A. Yes, sir; very often.
Q. Before this trouble came up, the excitement about Ed Johnson and the first attempt at lynching him, what was the habit or the custom of the deputies as to whether or not they would usually be at the jail at night?
A. Well, after Captain Shipp put guards around the jail they were there pretty often. They were there about every night.
Q. I mean before the guards were put around the jail; before any excitement came up over Ed Johnson or Westfield, or any other lynching trouble, would they usually be there or not---the regular deputies?
A. Oh, the regular deputies; sometimes you would find one or two there at night for a while, and sometimes you would find nobody there but Mr. Gibson.
Q. What would be the usual thing?
A. The usual way was just Mr. Gibson and a floor man, a colored man there, a trusty. Mr. Frawley would be there perhaps from after supper time till 10 or 11 oclock.
Q. Who was Mr. Frawley?
A. He was the clerk---I suppose he was. He was the officer there.
Q. Was he a deputy?
A. A deputy; yes, sir.
Q. Who had charge there when Captain Shipp was not there?
A. Mr. Frawley.
Q. He was the head deputy?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. And you say he would usually be there?
A. He would usually be there, only at supper time. He would go to supper about 8 oclock or perhaps a little before.
Q. When would he come back?
A. He would generally get back as early as possible. I dont know exactly what time, but he would generally be there after 8.
Q. After the excitement over Ed Johnson came up, the first attempt to lynch him, the trial and all that, were there any guards at the jail, or would the deputies generally be there?
A. When the thing got so hot, Captain Shipp put several guards around the jail.
Q. What about the deputies?
A. The deputies was the ones he put there.
Q. How many would be there at night, as a rule, after that came up?
A. Well, several. One night I went up there myself, and I believe I counted ten or twelve. I know I counted ten anyway.
Q. How many would generally be there at night?
A. That was generally the rule---from 8 to 10, somewheres along there. They would keep a crowd with guns so as to protect the jail.
Q. Did you go up there at all on the afternoon or evening before Ed Johnson was lynched?
A. I was there twice---three times that day in the morning, and I was there once that afternoon when Captain Brown was moving the prisoners. Then I was there twice that night; once between 6 and 7, and once, as near as I can come at it, between 8 and 9.
Q. What do you mean about Captain Brown moving the prisoners? Tell us about that.
A. Well, I went in, and I had a prisoner to put in jail. There was a deputy on the floor. Captain Shipp wasnt there as I could see. There was a young deputy on the floor, and I asked him where was the jailer, the keeper, and he says---
Mr. Pritchard: Never mind what he said.
By Mr. Sanford: Not unless you know it yourself.
A. Well, I know he was up there moving the prisoners.
Q. Did you see him?
A. I saw Captain Brown.
Q. Do you know from what floor and to what floor he was moving them?
A. I saw him go up the stairs with Ed. Johnson. That was in the afternoon.
Q. About what time in the afternoon was that?
A. I disremember.
Q. When were you there again, Joe?
A. I was there after that about 7 oclock, as near as I can come to it.
Q. What were you doing there?
A. I was taking a prisoner.
Q. Did you find anybody there beside Mr. Gibson?
A. No, sir; I dont believe there was. Charlie Mason was there, the trusty.
Q. He was the trusty?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Was he white or colored?
A. Colored.
Q. You took a prisoner there?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Do you know the jail door that is between the office and the jail part?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. At that time of the night it is generally open or locked?
A. Locked.
Q. How was it that night, at that time?
A. It was unlocked.
Q. Did you go back again later that night?
A. I did.
Q. Before the lynching?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. What time did you go back?
A. Just as I stated before, as near as I can come at it, it must have been between 7 and 8 or between 8 and 9, somewheres along there---between 8 and 9. It was the early part of the night.
Q. How did you happen to go back again?
A. I assisted Bradford in carrying a man back that time, because he had a very tough man and he couldnt get along with him.
Q. You were back in the prison then?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Who was Bradford?
A. He was a colored deputy sheriff, special deputy.
Q. In what shape did you find this jail door then?
A. It was open; it was wide open then.
Q. Did you find anybody there besides Mr. Gibson?
A. No. There was nobody in the office and there was nobody in the lobby, and I ring the gong at the door and Mr. Gibson came up from downstairs. I says: I have got another man. He says: All right. I says: Your door is open. He says: Well, the prisoners are all locked up anyway. I says: Aint you afraid of the danger in leaving the door open that way? He says: No. I says: Where is the guards? Well, he says, he dismissed all the guards.
Q. Who dismissed them?
A. He said Captain Shipp had dismissed them, because there wouldnt be any more danger. He was a United States prisoner now and there wouldnt be any more danger.
Mr. Pritchard: Of course you understand that we are objecting to that on behalf of Captain Shipp.
Mr. Sanford: I cannot understand unless you object to it. If you do, then I will understand it.
Mr. Pritchard: Let the gentleman understand, then, that we object. I supposed he would know it without my suggesting it; but I suppose it is brought against the defendant Gibson, and I want to have it understood.
The Commissioner: The objection will be noted.
By Mr. Sanford: How long did you stay there?
A. I stayed there long enough to weigh him up, put him in the circle and pull the lever and let him in---let him go in the cell.
Q. Did you go away then?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Did you go back in the neighborhood of the jail or the court-house later in the evening?
A. You mean that night?
Q. Yes.
A. I did.
Q. About what time did you go back?
A. Wee, it was a very short while afterwards. I was standing on the corner of 9th and Market, myself and Constable Bill Allen, talking with Dr. Thompson and Lewis Gibbs. Charlie Mason came running down the street from around the corner, and he said---
Mr. Pritchard: Hold on. I object to what he said.
By Mr. Sanford: I do not ask you what Mason said. I will ask you if you heard there was a lynching going on?
A. I heard there was a lynching going on.
Mr. Pritchard: I object to what he heard. If it is incompetent to state the substance of the conversation he has no right to state the details of it.
By Mr. Sanford: Did you go up to the jail then?
A. I went up to the jail.
Q. Or the neighborhood of the jail?
A. I went up to the neighborhood of the jail; I went inside of the court-house line. When I got up there myself, Bill Allen and these two colored men walked inside of the yard of the court house. I says to Mr. Allen---
Mr. Pritchard: I object to what he said to Mr. Allen as incompetent.
By Mr. Sanford: I do not ask you to state what anybody said to you unless he is one of the defendants here.
A. He was constable at that time, the reason I said that. But anyhow, they were slamming on the jail upstairs---I took it to be upstairs.
Q. How could you tell?
A. I could hear the knocking.
Q. Were there any people around there?
A. There was a good many in there, lined up on the front walk where it goes up to the front door of the jail lobby. Then there was a good many standing on the right and left side of the gate, on Walnut street---on either side of the gate. There looked to be about ten or fifteen on each side. And inside the gate it was crowded like that (indicating) on up to the door. On the inside of the lobby there didnt look to be more than about five or six men. I could stand and look right in the jail door. But a pretty good crowd was on the upper floors and on the stairway. I saw them when they come down, and when I heard the man say---
Mr. Pritchard: I object to what he heard a man say.
By Mr. Sanford: The crowd was going out then?
A. Yes; bringing him down.
Q. You can tell what you heard a man say in that crowd.
A. I heard a man say: By God, we have got him, boys; clear the way out! Then they rushed right down.
Q. Was that a voice that was familiar to you or not?
A. Yes, sir; it was.
Q. Whose voice was it?
A. It was the voice of Bart Justice.
Q. How long had you known Bart Justice?
A. I have known him for several years. I worked in the iron works with him several years ago.
Q. Then what did you do?
A. When the crowd come down to the lobby I walked towards the northwest gate of the court house---walked right along the line of the house.
Q. What gate did you say?
A. The northwest gate, on Walnut street---Walnut and 6th street. I walked to that gate and sat down inside of the gate, on the second step from the top, and saw the crowd as they passed right by and went up the hill.
Q. Was there any light there or was it dark?
A. There was an electric light right in the center of that street, near the intersection of both streets.
Q. Did you recognize anybody as they passed?
A. I did.
Q. How much of a crowd was it that had Ed Johnson; how many of the lynchers were there?
A. The first crowd that passed looked to be about 30 or 40. Then there was a little bunch behind that.
Q. Did you see the bunch that had Ed Johnson?
A. I did.
Q. How many were there in that bunch?
A. There looked to be about 25 in that bunch.
Q. You think there were about 25?
A. Yes.
Q. Did you recognize anybody in the bunch that had Ed Johnson?
A. I did.
Q. Whom did you recognize in that bunch?
A. I recognized Bart Justice in that bunch.
Q. What was he doing?
A. He had him by his arm or by his clothes; I couldnt swear which, whether by his arm or by his clothes. There was another man walking right along on the other side.
Q. Which side was Mr. Johnson on?
A. He was on the side next to me.
Q. Would that be on Ed Johnsons right or left?
A. On his right. He said just before he got opposite where I was sitting---
Q. Said to whom?
A. Justice said to Johnson; he said, By God, you might as well own it; by God, we have got you, and if you own it we will be easy on you. Johnson says: I didnt do it; I didnt do it; I didnt do it. He said that three times.
Q. Where was that said?
A. When they was walking right along the street going towards the hill. If they had have looked around they could have sawed me; but you see I was on the right side of him, and everybody was making for the bridge, making that way.
Q. And they were passing you?
A. Passing me.
Q. That corner is on the opposite side of Walnut street from the jail, is it?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Across the street, a little further toward the bridge?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. On the right hand side as you go to the bridge?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Did you recognize anybody else in this bunch that had Ed Johnson?
A. I didnt recognize any other man who had hold of him.
Q. You said that. Did you recognize anybody else in the bunch?
A. I recognized several young men in that bunch, walking along.
Q. Whom did you recognize?
A. I recognized a young man who used to be with the money loaners association, by the name of Peyton. I recognized a young man that runs a business down here on 8th street, Mr. Marquette.
Q. What is his first name?
A. I dont know his first name.
Q. What business was he in at that time?
A. He was in the clothing business, cleaning clothes business, or something like that.
Q. Did you ever hear his first name?
A. Yes, sir; I have heard it.
Q. Was it John?
A. I dont think it was.
Q. Anyway, it was Mr. Marquette that was in that business?
A. I knowed him anyway. He didnt have on any mask.
Q. Did Justice have on any mask?
A. He had a little mask right across there (indicating).
Q. What kind of a thing was it?
A. It looked like a handkerchief tied across his face, or a rag.
Q. You say right across there. Put that in words. Where was it?
A. Right across his face. This is his face right here (indicating).
Q. You mean right over the top of his nose and about at his eyes?
A. Yes, sir; right about there.
Q. How could you recognize him?
A. Oh, I know him well, just like I know my father. I would know him with his back to me. I would know him by his walk; I would know him by his talk.
Q. Is he a large or a small man?
A. He is a large man.
Q. Did you recognize him slightly or distinctly?
A. I recognized him distinctly.
Q. Who else did you see in that bunch that had Ed Johnson?
A. I saw in the bunch several young fellows. I saw Nick Nolan.
Q. How long had you known Nick Nolan?
A. Well, quite a while.
Q. What business was he engaged in?
A. The saloon business.
Shipp Trial Homepage


text:
1202/30 The Circus Burswood 6100 WA
This Stunning Executive 2 bedroom, 2 bathroom fully furnished and equipped apartment in Axis Tower FEATURES:
-air conditioning
-intercom security
-beautiful facilities.
With views of Perth City, Burswood Golf Course and the Swan River from private spacious balcony. Secure underground parking for two cars and only minutes from the CBD!
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-decked pool area
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-security access
-1 storage unit per apartment
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text:
Various Artists: Listen to Me, Buddy Holly
It's not surprising that modern artists treat the Holly catalogue with deference. He has become a legend.
Various Artist
Listen to Me, Buddy HollyLabel: Verve Forecast
US Release Date: 2011-09-06
UK Release Date: 2011-09-06
The majority of the contributors to the musical tribute to Buddy Holly, Listen to Me, offer reverent takes on the rock 'n' roll pioneer's tunes. That's kind of ironic, as Holly's music itself was known for its irreverence. Holly added classical flourishes to pop songs during a period when the two genres were seen as total opposites. He poked fun at the drama of teenage romance by highlighting the effervescence of its joys and pains. He even transformed the boastful words of John Wayne in the classic horse opera The Searchers into that of a lover's challenge. His very image as that of the boy next door with his thick black glasses and friendly face went against the more prevalent stereotype of the dangerous rocker. That's why his death at a young age was such a shock. Other rock stars were known for their risky behavior. Holly was viewed as the safe and normal alternative to the wild men of the time.
It's not surprising that modern artists treat the Holly catalogue with deference. He has become a legend, thanks to Don McLean's "American Pie", the Hollywood biopic and the strong influence he has had on artists that followed. Holly was one of the first people inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and even 40-plus years after his death Holly's passing is still commemorated at various events around the globe.
The respectful renditions of Holly's tunes do have merit as the songs are good enough to stand up without changes even after all these years. The guitars on Jeff Lynne's take on "Words of Love" sound eerily close to the original but with better fidelity, so the sound rings out the way one imagines it did in concert rather than on the primitive recording equipment of the '50s. Lyle Lovett brings out Holly's Texas roots on "Well All Right", but he seems to take out the implicit sexuality of the song. Where Holly was not afraid to deepen his voice on lines like "We'll live and love with all our might", Lovett plays it safe and doesn't change inflection. The same could be said of Zooey Deschanel's take on "It's So Easy". Holly would growl the words one second and then make pure pop squeals the next to show how thin the line was between teenage love and lust. Deschanel's quiet version almost seems like a folk song with pop accoutrements.
Perhaps Deschanel does not want to compete against Linda Ronstadt's popular loud and rowdy version of the song. Here Ronstadt reprises her version of her 1976 hit take on "That'll Be the Day". This rendition is very similar to her earlier one, if a bit more bloodless. There are also solid performances from such notables as Brian Wilson, Chris Isaak, Imelda May and Stevie Nicks that are heavily grounded in the originals.
The most reverential take on Holly's material has to be Natalie Merchant's "Learning the Game", but in a much different manner. Merchant takes the song's lyrics about heartbreak as a serious topic and slows the pace and adds quiet violin and piano instrumentation in a way that suggests something quite different than the original. For Holly, love was an experiment that one had to try and learn from, even when it hurt. Merchant sings as one who has experienced the pain of unrequited love and isn't sure if it was worth the trouble.
Some of the artists took different approaches with varying degrees of success. Ringo Starr tosses off "Think it Over" as if it is one of those songs played at an amusement park ride, meant to serve as background for a good time more than listened to for its depth of expression. Cobra Starship turn "Peggy Sue" into a space age ditty, complete with odd effects. Both Starr and Starship evoke the '50s through musical memories of the post-World War II era and its popular culture.
The wildest approach must be Monty Python's Eric Idle's comedic take on "Raining in My Heart", complete with Spike Jones-type sound effects, overemotional reading of the lyrics, and bantering with the musicians. It's freaking hilarious, and may be worth the price of the disc itself. The money earned by the disc will benefit a wide range of music charity programs for the younger generation. Judging by this disc, they need it. Some of the worst tracks are by the more modern acts: Patrick Stump of Fall Out Boy, Pat Monahan of Train, and the Fray. Holly's been dead for more than 50 years. If his reputation has survived this long, it will take more than a few bad performances to ruin it.


text:
Popcorn Poppers
I've been making a conscious effort to eat healthier foods recently, which means one of the things I'm working on is my nearly constant craving for snacks. I'm not a big on fruit or veggies as snacks, so I'm trying to find healthier alternatives to the potato chips and cookies that I like to eat. One option that I'm considering is air popped popcorn.
Towards that end, I've been checking out various popcorn machines and poppers to see which one would be best for my needs. It turns out that the process isn't going to be as straightforward as I hoped. There are lots of mixed reviews from customers about the taste and consistency of air popped popcorn, making me think that I might be wasting my time on this one.
Maybe I should just get a full-sized theater-style machine and have at it!


text:
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Search the largest number of bookable restaurants, pubs and bars in the UK, together with inspirational ideas from independent critics
Let us help you find the best private dining and function rooms within restaurants, pubs and bars
Find the perfect venue for your event, party or meeting, or let our team of experts do the hard work for you for free.
Opening on 20 November in a six-storey art deco building, Mortimer House is designed to combine work with wellbeing
There's much more to Munich than the world's largest beer festival – not least the upcoming Christmas markets
Ben McCormack presents Tio Pepe Tasters on Jazz FM, a series of audio interviews chatting about this iconic fino
The West End knows how to nail festive atmosphere – this is Theatreland after all
Get a taste of Japan's finest this November as Hidagyu premium Wagyu beef arrives in the capital for a limited time only
Although it's part of the sprawling Andaz hotel complex next to Liverpool Street station, "high-quality"...
Perched seven floors up, in the heart of Richard Branson's lush Roof Gardens, Babylon's vista stretches...
Beautifully presented steaks & chops are displayed on the front counters of Butcher & Grill....
Named after the Greek goddess of 'fruits of the earth', Karpo is a suitably bountiful, all-day...
The newly refurbished bar at this iconic restaurant is darker and more atmospheric in its new attire....
Barbican is Europe's largest arts and conference venue, with world-class facilities for corporate hospitality, entertaining and conferences.
As one of London's most celebrated society restaurants since the 1920s, Quaglino's has seen some famous feet descend its statement staircase.
IET London: Savoy Place reopened recently following a £30m refurbishment, offering increased capacity and cutting-edge technology.
Tapas and tequila are on the menu at this Soho cantina, which promises a clash of Latin cities, cultures and quarters.
London Transport Museum is a striking venue in a prime location beneath the glass and cast-iron roof of the old Covent Garden flower market.


text: Hi all, My name is Dave (aka Brutus Bubba). I initially joined the SMF forum back in 2013. I never really participated much (other than reading and lurking), but just rediscovered the value of this place. I promise I'll attempt to participate more fully. I live in Brutus, Michigan (hence the moniker). It is located in the Tip-of-the-Mitt, the very top of the Lower Peninsula. In fact my wife and I are what the Yoopers call trolls, we live just under the bridge. I have been smoking in earnest for about 7 years, with much grilling before that. I use the standard Brinkman ECB w/some of Jeff's mods (well played sir, they are well thought out and work very well, thanks.) I have been eyeing some horizontal smokers, but still have sentimental value for my "tube". I basically smoke with fruits & nuts, but they eventually go home . Thanks for your time, Dave


text:
NAME: Mikhail Tyurin
Russian Cosmonaut
PERSONAL DATA: Michael Tyurin lives in Korolev, a small city outside of Moscow. He was born March 2, 1960, in Kolomna, Russia (about 60 miles from Moscow) where his parents still reside. He is married to Tatiana Anatoleyvna Tyurin. They have a daughter, Alexandra, born in 1982. He enjoys sailing in his free time.
EDUCATION: He graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute in 1984 with a degree in engineering and a specialization in creating mathematical models related to mechanical flight. He is currently doing graduate work in his field of research.
EXPERIENCE: After graduating from the Aviation Institute he began working at the Energia Corporation as an engineer.
The main subjects of his job have been dynamics, ballistics, and software development. His personal scientific research is connected with the psychological aspects of cosmonauts' training for the manual control of spacecraft motion.
In 1993 he was selected to begin cosmonaut training, and in 1998 he started training as a flight engineer for the Expedition 3 crew. He also served as a backup crew member for the first ISS mission.
Tyurin lived and worked aboard the International Space Station for a total of 125 days during the Expedition 3 mission.
The Expedition 3 crew launched on Aug. 10, 2001 aboard STS-105 Discovery and docked with the International Space Station (ISS) on Aug. 12, 2001. They left the station on Dec. 15 aboard STS-108 Endeavour, landing at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on Dec. 17, 2001.
Tyurin will serve as Soyuz Commander and Flight Engineer on the Expedition 14 mission to the International Space Station. Launch is scheduled for September 2006.
Last update: 2006
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text: Cause I'm thinking of starting one. (I know this can be moving to the Tournaments section, but it's not set in stone whether or not I'll start it) Competitors MUST be on either hard/expert difficulty guitar. If I DOO start a tourney, this is the list of people who are in so far. 1. elopez994 2. RockerJ 3. pYRo Please leave your FC.


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text: Posted April 1, 2013 · Report post Hey guys, Firstly id like to say that i have had moderate acne for over 8 years, i am now 24. i know that there are people on this site in much worse positions than me on here, however I am completely exhausted and frustrated when it comes to my skin. Just to keep it short have used almost everything on my skin over the years, most notably dans BP 2% and regime over the last 2-3years. Despite my acne clearing up, it seems my skin has become very sensitive and developed a new problem- serb dermatitis. I have little red bumps on my nose, cheeks and forehead that are very irritated. i find BP is just making my skin more problematic when it comes to redness, and red acne marks. I also have fair skin, so when i get a red mark it is very noticeable.I now mainly have issues with these 'flare ups' and red marks. I was just wondering if anyone else has had this transition from acne to extremely sensitive skin condition like serb dermatitis? Thanks in advance. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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The Big Apple can be intimidating, so for this Spotlight we're getting back to basics and giving you newbies an introduction to the city and how to survive it. These articles will show you how to make a budget, navigate Gotham's complicated transportation system, get a survival job, start your own business, assemble your acting family, even what apps to load onto your smartphone.
New York has a reputation for being a tough, heartless town, but the actors we interviewed reveal that there are plenty of people and organizations to help you along the way. We want to be one of them. For more than 50 years, Back Stage has been the actor's lifeline, and we plan to be for another 50.
And if you're headed to the other coast, we've got you covered there too. Just turn to our Welcome to L.A. section. Either way, Back Stage has got your back.
David Sheward
Executive Editor, New York
How to Network Your Way to an Acting Family and Helpful Industry Connections
With thousands of actors already in New York and many more coming each year, finding a community in this expensive and intimidating city can be daunting, particularly given New Yorkers' notoriously competitive nature.
Apps for the Big Apple
Thanks to tons of applications for the iPhone, iPad, Blackberry, and Android phones, navigating the Big Apple is easier and more portable.
Working on Student Films Can Build Your Reel and Resume
From the New York Film Academy to Columbia University and NYU, New York is a hotbed of graduate and undergraduate film production.
Which Survival Job is Right for You?
Like so many performers trying to catch their first breaks in New York, Jaime found that a full-time job wasn't leaving her the spare time she needed.
Living in New York City on a Modest Budget
New York City can be one of the most expensive places in the United States to spend a day, let alone live. You can't avoid spending money when you live in New York, but you can always spend it with prudence.
Finding Your Way Around Gotham
With its skyscrapers, crowds, and mysterious odors, New York City may be intimidating and confusing to newcomers. But rest assured, there is a method to the city's madness.
Three Enterprising Actors on Minding Their Own Businesses
Entrepreneurial actors agree that they prefer running a business of their own to temping at law firms or waiting tables or tackling the many other jobs that actors typically take between acting gigs.
A Transplant's Guide to New York
Advice columnist Jackie Apodaca, a West Coaster who has lived in New York, goes toe-to-toe with fellow columnist Michael Kostroff, a New Yorker who has lived in Los Angeles, on the quirks of each town's culture.


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State of the World's Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2011 - Iran
|Minority Rights Group International
|Publication Date
|6 July 2011
|Cite as
|Minority Rights Group International, State of the World's Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2011 - Iran, 6 July 2011, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e16d36f1b.html [accessed 21 November 2017]
|This is not a UNHCR publication. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States.
Iran is home to many ethnic minorities including Arabs, Azeris, Balochis, Fars, Kurds, Lurs and Turkmen. Around 2 per cent of the population are members of religious minority groups, including Christians, Jews and Zoroastrians, all of whom are recognized as religious groups under the Constitution, and Bahá'ís, who have no recognized status. Though Article 14 of the Constitution also charges all Muslims to treat non-Muslims according to the 'ethical norms and the principles of Islamic justice and equity, and to respect their human rights', the situation for Bahá'ís in Iran remained dire in 2010. In a September report on human rights in Iran, the UN said that members of the community faced arbitrary destruction of their homes, arrests, and confiscation and destruction of property. Their access to education and employment is also restricted.
Religious minorities
The trial of seven Bahá'í leaders (including two women), who were arbitrarily arrested in 2008 and held without charge for 20 months, began in January 2010. In August, it was reported that Fariba Kamalabadi, Jamaloddin Khanjani, Afif Naeimi, Saeid Rezaie, Mahvash Sabet, Behrouz Tavakkoli and Vahid Tizfahm – who deny charges of espionage, propaganda activities against the Islamic order, and 'corruption on earth', among other allegations – were given 20-year jail sentences. Independent observers were not allowed to attend the trial. In September, the Bahá'í World News Service reported that lawyers representing the seven were informed that the sentence had been reduced to ten years on appeal. At the time of writing, MRG had received reports that the 20-year sentences were re-imposed in March 2011.
In October, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon issued a report criticizing Iran's use of torture and the death penalty, its discriminatory treatment of women and its failure to protect minority rights. In November, the UN General Assembly approved, for the seventh consecutive year, Resolution A/C.3/65/L.49, expressing deep concern at ongoing human rights violations in Iran, in particular its:
'Continued discrimination and other human rights violations, at times amounting to persecution, against persons belonging to ethnic, linguistic, recognized religious or other minorities.... Increased incidents of persecution against unrecognized religious minorities, particularly members of the Baha'i faith.'
Iran's non-Shi'a Muslim minorities also suffer ongoing persecution. In February 2010, at least 27 members of the Nematullahi Sufi order were arrested, and their place of worship in Isfahan was demolished, according to the report of the UN Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief to the Human Rights Council. The report states that the families of those arrested were denied any information about their fate, and that their lawyers were prevented from meeting with them.
Conversion from Islam is met with harsh state reprisal. Youcef Nadarkhani, who was born to a Muslim family but converted to Christianity, was arrested and sentenced to death under charges of apostasy in 2009. In September 2010, the Gilan province Court of Appeals upheld the sentence. In December, Nadarkhani's lawyer filed an objection with the Supreme Court, and, at the time of writing, the NGO International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran reported that it is not known whether the sentence was overturned or upheld. Elsewhere, two Christian women, Maryam Rostampour and Marzieh Amrizadeh Esmaeilabad, who were accused of proselytizing and apostasy, were cleared of all charges in May 2010. Security forces in Tehran arrested them in March 2009 after they were accused of handing out Bibles and attending religious gatherings. They were held, initially without charge, in a crowded cell with 27 other women at Evin prison for more than six months, Amnesty International reported. They suffered infections, fever and lack of medical attention.
Ethnic minorities
The Azeri community continues to face restrictions on the use of their language, including in the media, as well as political and social marginalization. In 2010, the case of an Azeri woman, Sakhineh Mohammed Ashtani, who was accused of adultery, attracted international attention when she was sentenced to death by stoning. It was argued that one of the factors that stood against her during her trial was that she did not speak Farsi well enough to be able to understand the proceedings in the case. Ashtani has reportedly been subject to torture. Her previous sentence was revoked, but she continues to face a sentence of death by hanging.
Arabs in Iran's Khuzestan province have faced decades of marginalization and under-development. According to the Ahwaz Human Rights Organization, in its submission for the February 2010 Universal Periodic Review (UPR) of the UN Human Rights Council, the province is rich, and produces 90 per cent of Iran's oil, but one-third of its population lives in abject poverty. They have little access to sanitation, proper housing, and no regular access to clean water or electricity. Access to employment is also limited, and Arabs suffer discrimination in language rights, which impacts on their access to media and other sources of news and information, and to cultural activities. The Ahwaz Human Rights Organization reported that, 'due to discrimination, almost all Ahwazi women living in rural areas are illiterate', and states that 'while the illiteracy rate is about 10-18 per cent in Iran, it is over 50 per cent among Arab men in Khuzestan, and even higher for Ahwazi women'.
For Kurds in Iran, the situation is similar, with the added component of ongoing violent clashes between Kurdish factions and the state. In its recent Iran briefing paper Seeking Justice and an End to Neglect: Iran's Minorities Today, MRG reported that in August 2010 the mother of Behmen Mesudi set herself on fire in front of Orumiyeh Prison after her son was tortured and then beaten to death by a prison guard.
Sistan-Balochistan, where many Baloch live, is one of Iran's most impoverished provinces, where according to MRG's recent briefing on minorities in Iran, 'human rights have been violated in a way unseen in other parts of the country'. Over decades this has resulted in disproportionate poverty rates, low standards of living, and linguistic and cultural repression. The armed pro-Balochi group Jondallah has engaged in the execution of non-Balochis and government officials, and taken part or expressed support for suicide bombings. This has resulted in an increased militarization of the province and a rise in extra-judicial killings of Balochis by the state.
This cycle of violence looked set to continue past year-end when a suicide attack occurred at the Imam Hussein mosque in Chabahar, in south-eastern Iran. The bombing took place during the Shi'a holy day, Ashura, when worshippers mark the death of the Prophet Muhammad's grandson Hussein. An estimated 39 people were killed. According to the UK's Guardian newspaper and other media, Jondallah claimed responsibility. At the end of 2010, 11 Baloch prisoners were reportedly executed for alleged membership of Jondallah following the attack, however all had been imprisoned before the attack took place.


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Advances in Power Electronics
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 584129, 10 pages
A 25 kW, 25 kHz Induction Heating Power Supply for MOVPE System Using L-LC Resonant Inverter
Power Supplies and Industrial Accelerator Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India
Received 25 April 2013; Accepted 25 June 2013
Academic Editor: Jose Pomilio
Copyright © 2013 Mangesh Borage and Sunil Tiwari. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A topology named L-LC resonant inverter (RI) for induction heating (IH) applications takes most of the merits of the conventional series and parallel resonant schemes, while eliminating their limitations. In this paper, fundamental frequency AC analysis of L-LC RI is revisited, and a new operating point is suggested featuring enhanced current gain and near in-phase operation as compared to the conventional operating point. An approximate analysis of the circuit with square-wave voltage source is also described highlighting the effect of auxiliary inductor on the source current waveform. The analysis also leads to an optimum choice of the auxiliary inductance. The requirements of the metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) system in which a graphite susceptor is required to be heated to 1200°C demanding a 25 kW, 25 kHz IH power supply, the configuration of developed IH system, and experimental results are presented.
1. Introduction
The induction heating (IH) [1] is commonly used for heat treatment of metals (hardening, tempering, and annealing), heating prior to deformation (forging, swaging, upsetting, bending, and piercing), brazing and soldering, shrink fitting, coating, melting, crystal growing, cap sealing, sintering, carbon vapor deposition, epitaxial deposition, and plasma generation. IH is a noncontact method. The heat is generated only in the part, not in the surrounding area except by radiation. The location of the heating can be defined to a specified area on the metal component, thereby achieving accurate and consistent results. As heating occurs in the object itself, IH is considered more efficient than alternative methods.
An IH system comprises a basic induction power source which provides the required power output at the required power frequency, complete with matching components, an induction coil assembly, a method of material handling, and some method of cooling. Generally, full-bridge or half-bridge resonant inverters (RIs) are most commonly used as the power supplies for IH. The equivalent model of an IH coil with work piece can be represented in simplified form by an equivalent inductance () and resistance () as shown in Figure 1. If the IH coil is directly fed from a supply, the ratio of apparent to real power will be large. Therefore, the IH coil is properly compensated by capacitors and additional inductors in suitable configuration so that minimum reactive power is drawn from the source. Additionally to match the load voltage-current requirements to the available source, a matching network is required. The matching is normally achieved with the help of an isolation transformer of suitable turns ratio.
Based on the connection of compensating capacitor with the IH coil, the two most commonly used RI topologies are as follows.(1)Series resonant inverter (SRI): the compensating capacitor is placed in series with the IH coil, and it is fed by a voltage source [2–6].(2)Parallel resonant inverter (PRI): the compensating capacitor is placed in parallel with the IH coil, and it is fed by the current source [7–11].
The analysis of these circuits has been performed in great details, and the comparative assessment is also reported in the literature [12, 13].
A topology named L-LC RI has been proposed for IH applications [14–21], which takes most of the merits of SRI and PRI while eliminating their limitations. It operates with input dc voltage source, thereby eliminating bulky input current smoothening inductor. It offers high current gain, which in turn reduces the current rating of the secondary winding of matching transformer and the feeder to coil.
Metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) [22] is a highly controlled method for the deposition of semiconductor epitaxial layers and heterostructures, which are required for the development of several optoelectronic and electronic devices. The process of MOVPE involves a vapour phase reaction between metalorganic compound and a hydride gas, which are transported to a heated (around 1200°C) graphite susceptor, resulting in a growth of the desired material. IH is one of the preferred methods for noncontact heating of the susceptor.
The paper aims to investigate the characteristics of L-LC RI for an application demanding a 25 kW, 25 kHz IH power supply to heat graphite susceptor to 1200°C in a MOVPE system for the growth of nitride semiconductors being developed at our Institute. Section 2 describes AC analysis of L-LC CN and investigates various characteristics when the converter is operated at the resonant frequency. The suggested operating point is different than the previously proposed operating point which provides enhanced current gain with smaller auxiliary inductance and results in near in-phase operation. Section 3 describes the operation of high- L-LC compensating network (CN) with square-wave voltage source leading to an optimum choice of the auxiliary inductor. The requirements, description, and design of the practical system are discussed in Section 4. Experimental results are presented in Section 5.
2. Analysis of L-LC CN
Figure 2 shows the L-LC RI. Input dc source could be an unregulated source (obtained with single-phase or three-phase diode rectifier and filter) or could be a regulated voltage source (obtained with single-phase or three-phase diode/SCR rectifier and filter or another front-end switch-mode regulator). In the former case, regulation of the power to the work piece should be done in the RI stage using frequency variation [23, 24], fixed-frequency pulse width modulation (PWM) [25–27], or pulse density modulation (PDM) [28, 29]. In the latter case, the output control can be done by varying , providing easy control of the output power over a wide range. However, two cascaded converters tend to reduce the overall efficiency.
The following analysis based on the fundamental frequency approximation examines the important characteristics of L-LC topology. In an equivalent circuit of L-LC CN, shown in Figure 3, input voltage source is assumed to be a sinusoidal voltage source whose rms value is equal to the rms value of the fundamental component of the square-wave excitation. Following definitions are made for the analysis.
Angular resonant frequency:
Normalized operating frequency: where is the angular operating frequency and is the operating or switching frequency.
Characteristic Impedance:
Circuit :
Inductance ratio:
The expression for normalized current in coil and normalized source current (or the current in inductor ) can be, respectively, derived as
Next, the salient characteristics of the converter operating at the proposed operating point, , are investigated, leading to the following observations:
For ,
The source current at is also seen to be inductive for all values of , and the phase angle is function of and . If , the source current is always in-phase with voltage.
Figure 4(a) shows the plot of as a function of for different values of . When the converter is operated at , is seen to be relatively insensitive to , particularly at high values of —a typical operating condition in an IH application.
Figure 4(b) shows the plot of as a function of . The source current lags the applied square-wave voltage . While this lagging current is beneficial for zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) of the semiconductor switches, it can be anticipated that a higher value of results in higher source current causing more conduction loss in the switches. It is evident from the plots of Figure 4(b) that is small for operation at , particularly for operation with high . Therefore, the source current and conduction loss in the switches will be smaller at this operating point.
The current gain of the CN, , is given by which can further be simplified at as Figure 5 shows the plot of as a function of for and different values of . Maximum current gain (equal to ) is observed for operation at the proposed operating point .
The characteristics and design of L-LC RI for IH applications operating at have been reported extensively in the literature [15–21]. At this operating point, For , , which is less than theoretical maximum value given by (12) at the proposed operating point. Thus, as also shown in Figure 5, the proposed operating point of L-LC RI results in the enhanced current gain. Further, the expression for at the conventional operating point can be written as The plots of (14) as a function of are shown in Figure 4(b) for and . It can be seen that phase angle is smaller at the proposed operating point than the conventional operating point, thereby resulting in less conduction loss in the switches.
3. Behaviour of L-LC CN with Square-Wave Voltage Source
Analysis based on the fundamental frequency approximation presented in Section 2 suggests that the converter, when operated at offers highest current gain and small phase angle between source voltage and current resulting in low reactive power loading and low conduction loss in the semiconductor devices of the square-wave inverter. The analysis presented in Section 2 assumes sine wave voltage source at the input. In practice, the input voltage is a square- wave generated by operating switches in Figure 2 at 50 per cent duty cycle. In this section, the behaviour of L-LC resonant inverter for operation at with square-wave voltage source examined. Equivalent circuit for L-LC RI for analysis with square-wave voltage source is shown in Figure 6(a). The source voltage can be defined as can be decomposed into its fundamental component and harmonics as From (15) and (16) wherein is the switching period. Thus, equivalent circuit of Figure 6(a) can be redrawn as Figure 6(b), wherein decomposed into and .
Equivalent impedance () of the , , and resonant circuit at is given by Further, for high- resonant circuit in IH applications, can be approximated to be zero for all operating points other than . Under this assumption, equivalent circuit for Figure 6(b) can be decoupled for operation at and at harmonic frequencies, as shown in Figures 6(c) and 6(d), respectively. Assuming , equivalent circuit at can further be simplified as shown in Figure 6(c). With this simplification, the circuit can be analyzed for fundamental and harmonic frequencies separately to find out individual source current and then be added to find out resultant source current. An expression for can be derived as Figure 7(a) shows the calculated waveforms for the operation of the circuit under low- condition. It can be easily noticed that , being inversely proportional to , is significantly larger than for low- values. Therefore, resulting is also nearly sinusoidal. Under this condition, the predictions of the ac analysis (Section 2) are reasonably accurate. However, under high- condition, as shown in Figure 7(b), amplitude of is much smaller than . Therefore, is nearly the same as and is highly nonsinusoidal. Under this condition, the predictions of Section 2 tend to be erroneous. Since the analysis of Section 2 does not account for harmonics, the actual peak and rms values of calculated by (19) are significantly more than those predicted by (9). This will result in degradation of the current gain from its value predicted by (12). However, the amplitude and rms value of can be controlled by choosing a proper value of . Figure 7(c) shows the calculated waveform of for different values of when . Since the rms value of can be reduced by increasing the value of , the degradation in the current gain can be corrected to some extent by choosing higher value of . Figure 8 shows the plots of current gain as a function of for different values of . A plot of the current gain predicted by (12) is also shown for direct comparison. The figure also shows the evolution of the current gain at the conventional operating point predicted by (13) for and . It is noticed that the actual current gain at the proposed operating point is higher than that at the conventional operating point.
The physical size of an inductor depends on its value, peak current, and rms current. Since, peak and rms value of decreases with increasing , it is intuitive to expect that the physical size of will first reduce as increased, reach a minimum and subsequently increase with further increase in . To obtain a value of resulting in minimum size, the following term is defined as its normalized size index: Figure 9 shows the plots of (20) for different values of . It is seen that for high- applications, should typically be 5 times .
4. System Description
MOVPE is a highly controlled method for the deposition of semiconductor epitaxial layers and heterostructures, which are required for the development of several optoelectronic and electronic devices. The process of MOVPE involves a vapour phase reaction between metalorganic compound and a hydride gas, which are transported to a heated (around 1200°C) graphite susceptor, resulting in a growth of the desired material. A power supply is required to heat graphite susceptor (50 mm diameter and 20 mm length) to 1200°C in a quartz reactor of 80 mm diameter.
4.1. Work Coil and Resonant Capacitor
While recommended coil design practices suggest that the coil should be as close to the susceptor and the coil length should be larger than that of the susceptor [1], physical dimensions of the susceptor and the reactor force the inner diameter of the coil to be 100 mm. Further, since a stainless steel showerhead with nozzles for flowing gases into the reactor is attached to one end of the reactor, the maximum length of the coil is also limited to 50 mm. The coil is made up of hollow copper conductor. The number of turns, conductor diameter, and its wall thickness are optimized considering various parameters like coil resistance, power loss, electrical efficiency, required cooling water flow rate, and pressure drop. The designed coil has 4 turns of hollow copper conductor with 3/8 inch OD and SWG 19 wall thickness. The coil resistance is estimated to be 11.3 mΩ, and coil inductance is 2.70 μH. The operating frequency of 25 kHz has been fixed to ensure uniform heating of the susceptor (the skin depth of graphite is nearly 17 mm at 25 kHz). Equivalent resistance of work piece is estimated to be 16.6 mΩ. The coil is designed to carry a maximum of 1000 A rms.
A bank of 6 conduction-cooled capacitors of 3 μF each has been used as the resonant capacitor . These capacitors are mounted on a cold plate, which in turn is water cooled. However, only 5 capacitors are used to get the resonant frequency of 25 kHz. The capacitor bank is kept very close to the coil to reduce the circulating path.
4.2. Power Circuit
A schematic circuit diagram of the power circuit is shown in Figure 10, which can broadly be divided into three sections: front-end-three phase diode rectifier with filter, a dc-dc converter, and the L-LC RI. In addition to these, the actual power circuit also consists of breakers, EMI filter, and inrush-current-limiting circuit in the rectifier stage. However, these are not shown in Figure 10 for clarity.
The input to the power supply is 415 V, 50 Hz, and 3-phase ac. The values of filter inductor () and capacitor () in the input rectifier section are 2.2 mH and 3 mF, respectively, giving the cut-off frequency of 70 Hz.
It is seen in Section 2 that the L-LC RI exhibits desired behaviour only when it is operated at . Therefore, variation of switching frequency for output power control is not permitted. Therefore, fixed-frequency control methods such as pulse width modulation (PWM) or the quantized control methods such as pulse density modulation can be used. However, the soft-switching operation of the switches in RI stage may not be guaranteed over the entire operating range, and the quantized control methods, such as PDM, result in discrete output levels and also have limited range of output power control. If, on the other hand, input voltage to the RI stage is controlled, output power control over a wider range and operational flexibility can be ascertained. Demerits of this scheme, namely, requirement of an intermediate dc-dc converter stage and reduction of overall conversion efficiency, are sacrificed for aforementioned advantages.
A dc-dc buck converter is chosen as the intermediate dc-dc converter stage. IGBT and diode constitute the main switching cell. A passive loss-less snubber circuit (composed of snubber inductor , capacitors , , and diodes , , and ) is used to limit switching losses in this stage. It is worthwhile to note that apart from the careful choice of the component values, described in [30], an equal attention to several practical aspects [31], such as forward recovery of snubber diodes and stray inductances, is also important for effective snubber action. Inductor , capacitors , , and resistor constitute a high-frequency damped low-pass filter.
Two half-bridge IGBT modules SKM100GB123D are used to realize the H-bridge in the inverter section feeding square- wave voltage to the high-frequency isolation transformer. The transformer having 1 : 1 turns ratio has been developed using 7 pairs of EE80 core with 7 turns of the primary winding and 7 turns of the secondary winding. While the primary is wound using copper foil, oxygen-free high conductivity hollow copper conductor is used for water-cooled secondary winding. The results for Figure 9 suggest that the additional resonant inductor should approximately be 5 times for high- operation. Therefore, in the present system, is chosen. The transformer leakage inductance is estimated to be 5 μH. The additional 8.5 μH inductance is realized by running the secondary turns around auxiliary gapped core (2 pairs of EE80), following the configuration suggested in [32].
A capacitor has been placed in series with the transformer primary (not shown in Figure 10) to prevent the transformer saturation in the event of unsymmetrical excitation. Table 1 summarizes the values of the components and part numbers of the semiconductor devices used in the system.
4.3. Control Circuit
The input dc voltage to the square-wave inverter is controlled to regulate the susceptor temperature. The block diagram of overall control system is also shown in Figure 10. A thermocouple-type temperature sensor and process PID controller module are planned to be used for programming and controlling susceptor temperature. The output of PID module acts as the reference for the inner control loop to control the input dc voltage to the square-wave inverter by controlling the duty ratio of the buck converter. An additional phase control loop is employed to maintain the tune-in condition of the RI stage against the slow drift of resonant frequency over varied operating conditions and time. This loop senses the phase of the inverter output current using a phase detector, PD. The output of the controller drives a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) that adjusts the switching frequency of the inverter in such a way that the inverter output current lags the voltage slightly.
5. Results
The photograph of the developed induction heating power supply, being tested in laboratory to heat a graphite susceptor, is shown in Figure 11. The graphite susceptor heated to 1200°C in air is shown in the inset.
The inverter output voltage, , (trace 1, 200 V/div) and current waveforms, , (trace 2, 25 A/div) are shown in Figure 12(a). The nature of current waveform matches with the predicted waveform given in Figure 7. The waveforms of collector-to-emitter (trace 1, 200 V/div) and gate-to-emitter (trace 2, 10 V/div) voltage of an IGBT in H-bridge inverter during turn-on and turn-off transitions are shown in Figures 12(b) and 12(c), respectively, demonstrating the soft-switching. Figure 12(d) shows the waveforms of (trace 1, 200 V/div) and the voltage across the work coil (trace 2, 200 V/div) showing that only fundamental component of input square-wave voltage has been passed to the work coil.
6. Conclusion
The paper reports the various issues in the development of an IH power supply for MOVPE application using L-LC RI. The fundamental frequency ac analysis of L-LC RI is revisited, and it is shown that the converter exhibits enhanced current gain and near-unity power factor operation when operated at the resonant frequency. Further analysis of the circuit with square-wave voltage source highlights the effect of the auxiliary inductor on the source current waveform leading to the optimum choice for the value of auxiliary inductor. The requirements of MOVPE system demanding a 25 kW, 25 kHz IH power supply to heat a graphite susceptor to 1200°C, the configuration of developed IH system, and experimental results are presented, thereby demonstrating the suitability of L-LC RI operating at its resonant frequency for this application.
- C. A. Tudbury, Basics of Induction Heating. vol. 1, Library of Congress Catalog Number 60-8958, 1960.
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- J. M. E. Huerta, E. J. D. G. Santamaría, R. G. Gil, and J. Castelló-Moreno, "Design of the L-LC resonant inverter for induction heating based on its equivalent SRI," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3178–3187, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
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- H. W. Koertzen, J. D. Van Wyk, and J. A. Ferreira, "Comparison of swept frequency and phase shift control for forced commutated series resonant induction heating converters," in Proceedings of the Conference Record of the IEEE Industry Applications and 30th IAS Annual Meeting, pp. 1964–1969, October 1995. View at Scopus
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- L. Grajales, J. A. Sabate, K. R. Wang, W. A. Tabisz, and F. C. Lee, "Design of a 10 kW, 500 kHz phase-shift controlled series-resonant inverter for induction heating," in Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Industry Applications Conference, pp. 843–849, October 1993. View at Scopus
- N. A. Ahmed, "High-frequency soft-switching AC conversion circuit with dual-mode PWM/PDM control strategy for high-power IH applications," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 1440–1448, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
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My Nonprofit Reviews
Karrin P.
Review for Square Foot Gardening Foundation, Ogden, UT, USA
As a result of reading and studying the SFG method, I have turned my front yard and back yard into a space that produces 40% of my family's vegetables and fruit between May and October. The reason: I am an avid supporter of eating locale and organic, and I can't get any more local and organic that what I grown myself. I also teach college at Bellevue College, located in (oddly enough) Bellevue, Washington. I have the privelege of being the student garden counselor there. I use SFG methods to help students make easy to care for and productive gardens, thereby spreading the message of how to help reduce the world's food crisis--one young person at a time. Like Heifer International, the SFG system enables people to feed themselves and teaches self-respect and integrity through being self-sufficient. It also teaches peace. After an afternoon in the sun tending plants, I'm not in the mood to go grab an AK-47 and engage in the wrong kind of political activism. Perhaps it's a nurturing female-thing, but I think that if we humans were more connected to the earth that feeds us and the animals that sustain us, and we learned to have some self-restraint in our wants and desires, this world could become something more closely resembling the beautiful allegory called the Garden of Eden. Mel Bartholomew and the SFG foundation are leading the charge towards this vision of a better future.
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This new edition includes two chapters: one on Lily Bart and the lethal stereotypes of women on the 19th-century stage, and another on the way Wharton's own sensual awakening led from the frozen austerity of Ethan Frome to the lyricism and tempered happiness of Summer. Everyone who admires Wharton's novels or enjoys the films made from them will want to experience this superb biography.
©1995 Cynthia Griffin Wolff; (P)1997 Blackstone Audio, Inc.
"Immensely satisfying...reflects a fine understanding of the interior life of a woman writer." (New York Times Book Review)
"Gives us the flesh and blood woman - and a splendidly gallant creature she is." (St. Louis Dispatch)
"Very useful contribution to Wharton biography"
At the risk of violating Audible guidelines, the review by Linda Lou is so harsh and unforgiving that I want to push back at her just a bit. Quite apart from the criticism of Anna Fields delivery, the book itself, updated from an original version, is one of just a few first rate critical biographies of Edith Wharton, whose life and writing bridged the Victorian and Modern era. Miss Lou must not be familiar with academic writing, much of which is so abstruse and arcane it makes your teeth ache. Professor Wolff has a literate and graceful style and takes on the entire corpus of Wharton writing, placing it in context of the time it was written, differentiating for example between the erotic content in pre and post-Fullerton efforts. Her work on Age of Innocence and Ethan Frome as well as Summer, House of Mirth, and Custom of the Country, is first rate and she may even have presented Hitchcockians with a source for Hitchcock's famous MacGuffin. Wolff was a Professor of Literature at MIT when this piece came out in the 90s and may be retired by now. She deserves better than the previous review and Audible is to be congratulated for including academic work like this in their offerings. Charles Bland, Niagara Falls New York
"Interesting yet excruciatingly verbose"
It is evident that the author Wolff has a great deal of insight into Wharton, which she brings to bear in this tome. If you are looking for a detailed assessment that frequently borders on tiresome over-analysis of Wharton's life, you will find it here. What I found especially irksome - and misplaced - was the last section titled 'Afterwards,' whereupon Wolff launches yet again into a re-review of Ethan Frome and The House of Mirth. It seemed to rehash much of the same ground as in previous chapters covering same without further illumination, although Wolff appeared to be focusing on certain autobiographical comparisons, and theatrical devices Wharton employed in her writing. I was happy to get to the end!
"Feast of Words - know what you're embarking on"
I fall exactly between the reviewers, Linda Lou and Charles Bland. I appreciate the erudite weight of a well-researched examination of Edith Wharton's contribution to literature as well as the many sources both personal and literary that made it possible. But that examination can be exhausting and professorial for the typical, casual listener who may not be expecting the kind of reading you would only tackle if you were armed with the red pen of an editor, doing a favor to a doctoral thesis candidate. Be forewarned.
I had no problems with the narration.
"Psychobabble Nonsense"
This book reads like the work of an articulate but gullible graduate student's first draft of a theses. It is filled with self-evident assumptions dressed up as deep analysis. Repeatedly the author makes statements as to what Wharton thought and why she acted that are based only on the author's imaginings based on convenient and popular reductions of psychological theory.
The lack of facts.
I've tried for several months to get through this book. I don't know which is worse, the book itself or the narration. This is indicative of many audiobooks that I've bought which makes me wonder if the manufacturers of this format ever LISTEN to the finished product. I can only assume that this was a good book in hard copy since the author managed to secure a publisher and the book is now in audio format. But the narrator is so smug, "insisting upon herself", believing that she's rather clever in her delivery, that it is really difficult to get past her awful grating voice into the meat of the book. Ann Fields' performance reminds me of cold lumpy mash potatoes without salt! I only bought it because it had been given 4 stars, yet no one bothered to actually write a review which others can read for a heads up. I'm giving it 2 stars and telling future readers why. You still may agree with the non-writing reviewers who like to throw stars around, but at least you can say I spoke my mind. I think I'll just save this book until I'm on lockdown in solitary confinement in a federal prison, with nothing else in life to do, while serving 25-L!
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TASERed man sues Pa. police
By Torsten Ove
The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
NORTH BRADDOCK, Pa. — A man who says two North Braddock police officers shocked him with a Taser as he slept on his couch has filed suit against the officers and the borough.
Officers Gerard Kraly and Lukas Laeuricia were responding to a silent burglar alarm at the Stokes Avenue apartment of Shawn Hicks in the early morning of July 28 when the incident occurred.
In his suit, filed in Allegheny County Common Pleas Court, Mr. Hicks said he was asleep on his couch after a night out with friends. At 2:44 a.m., he was "awakened by being tasered by Kraly and Laeuricia."
He said he tried to explain that he lived there and showed his identification, but they shocked him two more times, according to the suit.
The officers' actions, the suit says, "were outrageous, egregious, willful, malicious and were committed so carelessly as to indicate wanton disregard" for Mr. Hicks' civil rights.
But the FBI didn't think so, nor did the Allegheny County district attorney's office. Both looked into the case and decided against taking action against the police.
John Bacharach, solicitor for the borough, said he hadn't seen the suit and couldn't comment.
North Braddock police would not comment.
Police have said the officers responding to the alarm didn't know if Mr. Hicks lived there or not when they arrived and that he refused to respond to their commands.
When they showed up, they found the door open and Mr. Hicks lying on the couch, but he wasn't asleep and he wouldn't show them his hands, they said.
Police said they didn't know whether Mr. Hicks had a weapon. When he refused to show his hands, they said, they used the Taser on him. They said he began swearing at them and continued to be uncooperative, so they shocked him again.
In the suit, Mr. Hicks said the officers shocked him a total of three times, even after they had secured his identification from his wallet and determined that he lived at the address.
He also said that his daughter, niece and mother all came home just after the incident and that his mother also told police that he lived at the address.
Even so, he said, the officers took him to their holding cell, where he sat for two or three hours complaining of his injuries before they let him go.
He said he then went to the hospital for treatment of injuires, he claims, he received from the Taser, which he said included bruises, muscle spasms and neck strain.
He said he also suffered "severe emotional distress."
Mr. Hicks, who has convictions for assault, drug possession and drunken driving in several cases in four communities dating from 1996 through 2005, refused to comment yesterday.
His lawyer, Andrew Leger, did not return a message.
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We are downeast's maine only funeral home that is owned and operated by a local family. Your family is our family.
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McClure Family Funeral Services is located 9.76 miles from downtown Machias.Claim Your Listing
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Plasticity not only lets frogs cope with challenges in the moment; it might even buy time for evolution to happen. Warkentin has found that tadpoles also hatch early if they're at risk of drying out. If the rainforest gradually became drier, such early hatching might become standard after countless generations, and the frog might lose its plasticity and evolve into a new, fast-hatching species.
One of the mainstays of evolutionary thinking is that random genetic mutations in an organism's DNA are the key to adapting to a challenge: By chance, the sequence of a gene changes, a new trait emerges, the organism passes on its altered DNA to the next generation and gives rise eventually to a different species. Accordingly, tens of millions of years ago, some land mammal acquired mutations that let it adapt to life in the ocean—and its descendants are the whales we know and love. But plasticity offers another possibility: The gene itself doesn't have to mutate in order for a new trait to surface. Instead, something in the environment could nudge the organism to make a change by drawing on the variation that is already in its genes.
To be sure, the theory that plasticity could actually give rise to new traits is controversial. Its main proponent is Mary Jane West-Eberhard, a pioneering theoretical biologist in Costa Rica affiliated with STRI and author of the influential 2003 book Developmental Plasticity and Evolution. "The 20th century has been called the century of the gene," West-Eberhard says. "The 21st century promises to be the century of the environment." She says mutation-centric thinking is "an evolutionary theory in denial." Darwin, who didn't even know genes existed, had it right, she says: He left open the possibility that new traits could arise because of environmental influence.
West-Eberhard says Warkentin's group has "demonstrated a surprising ability of tiny embryos to make adaptive decisions based on exquisite sensitivity to their environments." That kind of variation, West-Eberhard says, "can lead to evolutionary diversification between populations."
Although not everyone agrees with West-Eberhard's theory of how plasticity could bring about novelty, many scientists do now think that phenotypic plasticity will emerge when organisms live in environments that vary. Plasticity may give plants and animals time to adjust when they're dumped in a completely new environment, such as when seeds are blown to an island. A seed that isn't as picky about its temperature and light requirements might do better in a new place—and might not have to wait for an adaptive mutation to come along.
Also, many scientists think that plasticity may help organisms try out new phenotypes without being entirely committed to them. Early hatching, for example. Different species of frogs vary greatly in how developed they are when they hatch. Some have a stumpy tail and can barely swim; others are fully formed, four-limbed animals. "How do you get that kind of evolved variation?" Warkentin asks. "Does plasticity in hatching time play a part in that? We don't know, but it's quite possible."
The town of Gamboa was built between 1934 and 1943 by the Panama Canal Company, a U.S. government corporation that controlled the canal until 1979, when it was handed over to Panama. Gamboa, on the edge of a rainforest, is part ghost town, part bedroom community for Panama City and part scientific summer camp. Quite a few residents are scientists and staff at STRI.
When I visited, Warkentin's team had up to a dozen people, including several undergraduates she refers to as "the kids." One morning a posse of vigorous-looking young people in knee-high rubber boots, backpacks and hats departs Warkentin's lab and strides across the field behind the school, past the tennis courts.
James Vonesh, a professor at Virginia Commonwealth University, who did a postdoctoral fellowship with Warkentin and still collaborates with her, points out his favorite sign in town, a holdover from the Canal Zone era: "No Necking." It's painted on the front of the stands at the old swimming pool, now part of the local firefighters' sports club. Then he explains to one of the kids what "necking" means.


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Roeder remains calm over Toon striker crisis
Glenn Roeder is refusing to panic about Newcastle's striker crisis even though the Premiership's big kick-off is just two weeks away.
Shola Ameobi and Albert Luque, Newcastle's only fit front men, will face Villarreal in tomorrow's St James' Park friendly while the search for new firepower carries on.
England striker Michael Owen is facing a lengthy rehabilitation from a knee injury and Roeder knows he has to bring in at least one more striker and preferably two.
'Having just two strikers leaves us woefully short,' Roeder told Sky Sports. 'Most Premiership managers have four strikers in their squad to select from but we have to be patient.
'There is still the best part of three weeks until the transfer window closes and it's still possible we could get a couple of players in. We are working hard to identify the players we want.'
Newcastle have been linked with several strikers, including Empoli's Francesco Tavano and Feyenoord's Dirk Kuyt.
Newcastle scout David Mills will be at the Amsterdam tournament this weekend with Roeder joining him after tomorrow's match with Kuyt likely to be under their scrutiny but Roeder ruled out any move for Tevano.
'It's not true, we're not even aware of the player,' said Roeder.
Newcastle have also been linked with Thomas Gravesen, Owen's former team-mate at Real Madrid.
'He is player of the highest quality and, if he does become available, then us and many other Premiership clubs will show interest. I certainly admire him as a player,' said Roeder.
The Newcastle boss revealed that Owen has been relaxing with his family in Portugal for a few days before returning to Newcastle to step up his rehabilitation next week.


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American Girl Holiday Gift Guide 2016 #Giveaway
If there is one thing that Little S loves more than her American Girl dolls, it is dressing the same as her American Girl dolls. This is why we were so excited when we got a look at the American Girl Holiday Gift Guide for 2016. It featured many cute matching holiday outfits for girls and their dolls, but our favourite was the Merry Magenta Dress for Girls and Dolls.
Check out our YouTube video review and browse through some of the American Girl Holiday Gift Guide items. You'll also get the first look at an awesome giveaway American Girl is offering one City Mom reader:
As you probably saw in the video, there are lots of awesome gift ideas in the American Girl Holiday Gift Guide for every child on your list. Some of our faves include the Girl of the Year, Lea Clark (who will only be available until Dec. 31, 2016) the cute collection of Stocking Stuffers, Melody, the newest BeForever Doll and her pretty Christmas outfit and if we can only choose one more, the Holiday Penguin PJs for dolls and girls.
What is your favourite item?
We are so excited to offer one City Mom reader an exciting and educational giveaway to put under the tree for someone special this year.
One City Mom reader will win four great American Girl books with a total value of $70 USD. Open to Canadian and US residents. Runs until Nov.21, 2016. Use giveaway widget below to enter and to read full contest rules.
You could win these great titles:


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Legal Question in Family Law in Illinois
I am going through a divorce and have found out that I cant live with my boyfriend until all my alimony is paid. How can I get around this? I feel like my boyfriend would be a good influence on my children.
Asked on 9/11/12, 7:21 pm
1 Answer from Attorneys
Sue Roberts-Kurpis, Esq. Law Office of Sue Roberts-Kurpis
Stop accepting the alimony.
Answered on 9/11/12, 7:50 pm