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Large GRAPE & CABLE Master BERRY Bowl Carnival Glass
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Large Northwood GRAPE AND CABLE pattern thumbprint master berry bowl. Smooth interior.This big bowl measures 9 and 1/4 inches in diameter and 3 and 1/2 inches high. Has typical imperfections of Carnival Glass of the period, i.e. mold seams, bubbles, straw marks, and normal wear. No chips, cracks, or damage. It is signed with the circled N . Isn't this a great looking piece? Amethyst/purple glass. Very nice iridescence both inside and out. Check out the photos taken in natural light. In order to see its size better, the last photo is shown with a matching small berry bowl (also currently up for auction in another listing). Perhaps you need to add to or complete a set, start one, or want an example of this classic Northwood pattern. This could be it. Isn't this a pretty bowl? What a find, and at No Reserve! Please read carefully: I accept PayPal . Payment is expected within 3 days or the item will be re-listed. (Please don't bid, if you don't plan to pay! ) Insurance is recommended! If you have any questions about item, please e-mail me before you bid so that you can be comfortable with your investment. I want you to be satisfied with your purchase. Item sold "as is", with no refund but is as I have described and is in very good to excellent condition. Again, if you have any questions or concerns ... read more


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Moderators: Krisi, Vega, EC, Dixie
Elba wrote:Tell me Why young people worry about age?
vincent_thyme wrote:Your action will be match with your age.you can keep your activity and childishness,but you can't have no liability.
vincent_thyme wrote:Your action will be match with your age.
Dixie wrote:
I don't agree, either. Take my uncle for example. He's 35 now, and he's so childish sometimes. I think that makes him lovable. It's so great to see it playing with his little daughter, making up games for his kids and playing with them all along.
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The City of Sheridan and the Sheridan Area Water Supply received some good news out of Cheyenne Thursday as the State Loan and Investment Board approved almost $6 million in grants and long-term low interest loans for the Big Goose and Sheridan Water Treatment Plants.
Sheridan Mayor Dave Kinskey was in Cheyenne for the meeting and provided these comments about the approval.
The City didn't receive as good news concerning Phase Two and Three of the Wyoming Avenue Park Street project; the SLIB Board did not approve $5.9 million in loan and grant requests.
The SLIB Board also approved a $156,465 green demonstration project for porous concrete at the Mavrakis Pond parking area.
City Public Works Director Nic Bateson said that the project will help reduce sediment runoff into Mavrakis Pond and ultimately the Goose Creek projects.
Bateson added that this will be a good opportunity to see how this new green technology of porous concrete functions under Wyoming weather.


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NT Wright: Enemy of the Reformed Faith
By STILL WATERS REVIVAL BOOKS
N.T. Wright Study Archive | New Book Defends Gospel Account of Resurrection Story
For what saith the scripture? Abraham believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness. Now to him that worketh is the reward not reckoned of grace, but of debt. But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness. Even as David also describeth the blessedness of the man, unto whom God imputeth righteousness without works, Saying, Blessed are they whose iniquities are forgiven, and whose sins are covered" (Rom. 4:3-7).
N.T. Wright is a liberal heretic, don't be fooled by his fair sounding words. He may pen phrases like "justification by faith," (as the ecumenical Romanists do) though never "justification by faith *alone*," and he denies outright the biblical (Reformation) understanding of justification by faith *alone*!
it seems to me that the current revision of the doctrine of justification as formulated by the advocates of the so-called New Perspective on Paul is nothing less than a fundamental repudiation not just of that Protestantism which seeks to stand within the creedal and doctrinal trajectories of the Reformation but also of virtually the entire Western tradition on justification from at least as far back as Augustine.[57]
Why ask this question?: Wright argues that the Gospel is Romans 1:4 (Jesus is Lord and Messiah) not Romans 1:16-17 (justification by faith). Of course, such is a false antithesis, but his followers have imbibed it.
What do YOU think ?
Date: Sat, 27 Sep 2003 17:10:54 EDT
Fun bashing on NTWright, isn't it? He's only a partial preterist, isn't he? He doesn't have a uniformed view on the after life like full preterists, right? Yeah, right. Take it easy, friends. I strongly suggest checking my site and clicking on NT Wright's "What's he saying" link: www.doctrine.net Then listen to his own words on RealAudio as taped earlier this year, especially: "God's Gospel, God's Son, God's Righteousness", at: www.gradiv.org/wright_links.htm Enjoy it ! William Cheriegate
While it seems more than a bit over the top to say that 1,900 years of Bible commentators have ALL been wrong, it's nevertheless an absolute fact. ALL have been wrong because ALL have proclaimed merely their personal opinions about what happened in the first century and ALL have ignored the true key, namely, complete and consistent typology. ALL of the momentous spiritual fulfillments of the NT (involving people, places, events and time periods) have OT types - AND THAT INCLUDES THE FIRST CENTURY ITSELF!! If preterists could grasp the fact that a certain period of 100 years in the OT typified the true first century they'd understand, among many other things, why Christ's parousia occurred at the end of that century, rather than in AD 70.
Typology 101: In the OT type, the natural judgment of natural Egypt occurred when natural Israel emerged safely from the Red Sea. In the NT fulfillment, the spiritual judgment of spiritual Egypt (natural Israel, see Rev. 11:8) occurred when Christ, the true Israel (see Mt. 2:15), emerged safely from the tomb. Therefore, despite centuries of contrary claims, the judgment of OT Israel occurred in the spring of AD 30 and NOT in the autumn of AD 70.
It would be helpful to read actual arguments that engage with Wright's methodology rather than cutting straight to his conclusions. You may find yourself disagreeing with Wright's views, yet when one examines how Wright arrived to such views, it is quite another task to deny their validity. Though evangelical scholars may not have any more presuppositions than a scholar from any other background, it seems as if they have a harder time recognizing, admitting, and casting off such presuppositions if they no longer work. This is the same sort of dogma that Luther revolted against in his day, yet when a modern day Luther rises up against voices of the past and presents a case against them which they can not dispute, then it is time to move forward. A clear reading of Wright's work (and not a summary like those I have read here which are very poor) and a clear reading of Luther, Calvin, or any other modern voice on this issue will show decidedly who is right.
You have been entirely unfair in the use of a quotation you site at the beginning of this page, namely, [58] These are not the only questionable areas in the theology of new perspective advocates. Wright, for example, does not come out and say he believes in the virgin birth of Christ but that it is a possibility and that the New Testament authors believed it: "What if we find that, very early within the movement that grew up around [Christ], there arose two independent sources claiming that he had been conceived without a human father? Faced with all of this, a belief in this God, and this Jesus, may compel us to hold open the possibility that this account of his conception might just be true" (Wright, Who Was Jesus?, p. 83). He also states, "One of the best possible answers is that [Matthew and Luke] very firmly believed it to be true" (Wright, Who Was Jesus?, p. 84). You have been unfair and unscholarly because Wright is asking hypothetical questions. Hypothetical questions should not be taken as a clear indication of what a person REALLY thinks. To start with, Wright is arguing AGAINST those scholars (of the Jesus Seminar ilk) who flatly deny the virgin birth, among other things. Wright is suggesting that perhaps these scholars are wrong, on the basis that one of the earliest stories circulating about Jesus was a virgin birth. Wright is asking, hypothetically, that if such a story existed then there must be some warrant for believing it to be true, contra those who deny it outright. If you are going to "wright-off" Wright as dangerous, lethal, incidious, heretical, at least do it with a little more integrity than has been shown thus far. The problem many of you face it seems, is that you are so narrowly schooled in your own terminology and method that when someone with a mammoth intellect like Wright appears, you cannot read him without misunderstanding because his program is so large. And just because Wright does not agree with everything the Reformers were doing/writing does not make him a heretic. His difference is not so much one of theology, but of methodology: Wright is a critical realist, not an Enlightenment rationalist. You misunderstand him because he is attempting to refute "postmodern readings of the bible" (NTPG), something which Luther and Calvin never had to contend with. Wright has done more for re-establishing the validity of the gospel in a postmodern era than anyone else I have encountered. His victories will be felt for decades.
It might be better, if you're going to say that Wright doesn't believe in the virgin birth, to find a quote that says so, rather than taking a passage where is says that he does believe in the virgin birth... Perhaps you simply have trouble with figures of speech such as understatement.
I believe that the many interpretations of Wright's arguments that have been presented are due to a misunderstanding of his' material. I also tend to agree with Wright when he claims that the Fathers of the Church (ex. Calvin, Luther) believed that one should use all the sources available in their interpretation of the Biblical Text (notice here that I am not advocating Strong's Commentaries, etc. but instead am refering to the many biblical and cultural manuscripts that have been recovered). One must understand that even though Luther and Calvin were extremely great theologians, they were fallible men just like us all. To critisize Wright's attempts to revision the Biblical Witness through a different approach to certain Biblical doctrines, while using all materials made available to him at this current time, seems to rob him of his right to interpret the Text. Further, to label one as a heretic is a serious thing that is often taken lightly. Heretics have always traditionaly been understood as individuals that were not saved by Christ. For anyone to claim this of Wright, or others for that matter, without presenting a strong case, as no one has done on this sight, is in fact wrong. Personally I agree with Wright concerning his "New Perspectives on Paul", and feel that the Protestant church has condemned him for his beliefs due to their inablity to accept the new. This is the same spirit of schism that haunted the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation period. Many were blinded of the truths conveyed by Luther and Calvin due to their being wed to their ideologies. I agree with Coleridge when he says that "to begin by loving Christianity more than truth results in one loving their own denomination over Christianity." It saddens me to hear the neglect for eccumenicalism that is found within this sight. In closing, I encourage those reading to pick up Wright, challenge your theology. Whether you agree with him or not you will come out a better person. I also encourage Wright to continue with his incredible writings, for it was him that helped me return to the Faith and it was his writings that have helped give me a solid ground to build my theology upon. -- Robert Lovvorn, Oral Roberts University
"Let us be quite clear. 'The gospel' is the announcement of Jesus' lordship, which works with power to bring people into the family of Abraham, now redefined around Jesus Christ and characterized solely by faith in him. 'Justification' is the doctrine which insists that all those who have this faith belong as full members of this family, on this basis and no other." N.T. Wright "What St. Paul Really Said" 1993, Eerdmans, pg. 133. I really cannot get my mind around what the debate is here. Jesus is Lord. If you believe this you are part of God's people under the covenant, and on this basis only. In Wright's discussion on the virgin birth, he is debating viewpoints like those of Bishop Spong, "Rescuing the Bible from Fundamentalism", and is approaching the argument from a viewpoint that does not presuppose the truth of the virgin birth, but seeks to prove it's truth.(Presupposing the truth of a position makes one's argument circular in Wright's view, see the Introduction to "New Testament and the People of God" for his methods of study and writing). Wright's views on the Gospel and justification are either correct on incorrect. In order to show them incorrect, one cannot, with scholarly integrity, simply compare them to the creeds and confessions. I see no objection based on Biblical text evidence. Wright studies the Bible and history, not the creeds. D. Kromis, Port Richey, FL
Date: 22 Feb 2006
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Research Topics
Joseph E Beshay
Detail Information
- Emergency reversal of anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapies in neurosurgical patientsJoseph E Beshay
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
J Neurosurg 112:307-18. 2010....
- Rapid warfarin reversal: a 3-factor prothrombin complex concentrate and recombinant factor VIIa cocktail for intracerebral hemorrhageRavi Sarode
Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
J Neurosurg 116:491-7. 2012..Therefore, the authors developed a Trauma Coumadin Protocol (TCP) consisting of a 3-factor PCC available in the US (which contains insufficient factor VII [FVII]) with a low-dose recombinant FVIIa to rapidly reverse VKA...
- Coagulation factor levels in neurosurgical patients with mild prolongation of prothrombin time: effect on plasma transfusion therapyKaren Matevosyan
Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
J Neurosurg 114:3-7. 2011..Therefore, the authors performed relevant coagulation factor assays to assess coagulopathy in such patients. They also compared plasma transfusion practices in their hospital before and after the study...
- Intracranial phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors: report of 2 casesDerek A Mathis
Division of Neuropathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
J Neurosurg 118:903-7. 2013....


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Table of Contents
Pawpaw (Asimina spp.) is a native fruit crop that is in the beginning phases of domestication in this country. As it is adapted to a commercial orchard setting, many issues related to genetic refinement, production and culture, handling, use, and marketing are being addressed by various research and educational programs. The primary effort is coordinated by Kentucky State University where an intense program was initiated in the 1980s. This publication provides basic background information about pawpaw, its potential, and the issues related to its development as a niche specialty crop in Virginia and throughout the Eastern U.S.
The pawpaw is the largest edible tree fruit native to the United States. It is the only temperate member of a new- and old-world tropical plant family (Annonaceae, Custard Apple family) that includes cherimoya and sweetsop. There are nine species of Asimina. The common pawpaw, Asimina triloba, has the greatest potential for commercialization. It is widely adapted with a native range from Florida to Michigan and as far west as Nebraska. It is a common species in Virginia, found near waterways and low, moist draws in the mountain drainage areas. Though technically a tree fruit, it can stretch the accepted definition for "small fruit" by plant size due to its natural bush-like and suckering habit. In most situations it is easily trained into a single-trunk small tree, pyramidal in form, which can reach 15 to 20 feet in height (Figure 1).
Historically, pawpaw was a well-known and much utilized fruit in the eastern U.S. It was an important food crop for both Native Americans and early settlers. Today it is a local specialty, gathered in the wild by enthusiasts and grown by hobbyists in backyard orchards. Over the years, wild selections have been collected and named, and many of these cultivars (cultivated varieties) are now available through commercial nurseries as asexually propagated (grafted) stock.
In its ideal native habitat, pawpaw is characteristically found in the deeper, rich soils of river-bottom woodlands, growing in the shade as an understory tree. Because of root suckering, it usually forms clumps or thickets. Its leaves are long, drooping, dark green, and turn a brilliant yellow in the fall (Figure 2). The fruit (a true berry) may weigh up to a pound, is oblong to cylindrical in shape, one to six inches long, and one to three inches in diameter. Fruit is borne alone (Figure 3a), or in multi-fruit clusters (Figure 3b), which can resemble a "hand" of bananas, hence its common names: poor-man's banana and Indiana banana. It has a strong floral and fruity aroma and its flesh is creamy textured, usually bright yellow to orange in color (Figure 4). Typical of its tropical family, the flavor of pawpaw is best described as richly complex, a mixture of papaya, banana, mango, and pineapple. Flavor can vary greatly among selections, with sweetness and minimal aftertaste characteristics defining a high-quality cultivar.
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Crop Prospects
Pawpaws are not yet a commercial crop in the U.S. Strong interest has been shown in the potential for development, and several institutions are working toward that goal. The national repository for pawpaw germplasm is located at Kentucky State University, Frankfort, Ky. KSU is a leader in pawpaw research, focusing on aspects of production, breeding, and postharvest handling. The university also coordinates a multi-state, regional cultivar trial, with 12 other universities in the East and Midwest participating. They regularly conduct outreach meetings to teach growers about the crop (Figure 5). The New Crops Center at Purdue University is also involved with research and has initiated work into the pharmaceutical/pesticidal potential of the pawpaw. The Pawpaw Foundation, also based at KSU, is a nonprofit organization dedicated to research and promotion of pawpaws as commercial fruit.
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Crop Advantages
The crop is well adapted to the Eastern U.S. climate and soil conditions. Pawpaw is adapted to humid temperate zone growing conditions. It is hardy to the USDA growing zone 5 (-20°F or -29°C), and needs at least 400 hours in annual chilling requirements (time exposed to 35° to 45°F during winter months, depending on the cultivar). This is a low chill requirement compared to other tree fruit species (apples 800 to 1,700 hours), and once met, the trees will begin to flower early in the spring. A long, warm season is required to mature fruit (2,600 degree days; ~160 frost-free days). From 30 to 35 inches of rainfall is needed annually, with the majority falling in the spring and summer. Contrary to popular belief, pawpaw performs best in full-sun exposure. However, sunlight protection is needed in the first year in the field, as young tree shoots are sensitive to sunlight. In an orchard setting, this is accomplished by using commercially available tree shelters (see planting and establishment).
The pawpaw is a unique/unusual fruit crop with high nutritional value and potential for both fresh and processed market uses. As a food source, pawpaw exceeds apple, peach, and grapes in vitamin, mineral, amino acid, and food energy values. The current and primary market for fruit is as a fresh product in farmers markets and other direct sales outlets. Though large-scale commercial processing markets do not yet exist, the fruit's intense flavor and aroma have significant potential in blended fruit drinks, baby food, ice cream, and as a substitute for banana in various baking recipes. In Kentucky, various entrepreneurs are utilizing pawpaw as a local cuisine item for restaurants and in frozen custard and ice cream products.
There are valuable natural compounds in the plant, which have both anti-carcinogenic and pesticidal properties. Aromatic compounds in the fruit have potential for use in cosmetics and home products. Research has shown that pawpaws have a diversity of natural compounds in fruit, leaves, bark, and twigs. One class of compounds known as annoaceous acetogenins occurs in leaves and twigs and has reported anti-tumor properties. Currently, Purdue University has patented an extraction procedure and the development of an herbal formulation is underway by a private company. Commercial drug manufacturers, however, have shown limited interest in the compounds. An alkaloid, asimicin, is found in the seeds, leaves, and bark of pawpaw and is reported to have pesticidal properties. Pawpaws are resistant to insect and disease pressure. This may be due to asimicin and other natural defense compounds. With proper management, organic production of pawpaw is feasible. Aromatic constituents isolated from fruit may hold potential for marketing as well.
Nursery trade development for orchard and edible landscape plantings is on the increase. Currently in the U.S. there are over 40 nurseries selling pawpaw trees, and in the past several years, at a brisk pace. Named cultivars are offered as grafted trees along with non-grafted seedlings. Grafted trees are expensive and retail for $18.00 to $25.00 each. As a landscape tree, the pawpaw has attractive form, size, and fall color, as well as potential fruit production. It also attracts the zebra swallowtail butterfly (Eurytides marcellus), whose larvae feed exclusively on pawpaw, but do minimal damage (Figures 6a,b).
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Crop Disadvantages
Pawpaws, once ripe, are very perishable, soft, and bruise easily, presenting problems for marketing. Though they can be picked at a less than ripe, but mature stage, best flavor intensity and sweetness is achieved when fruit is allowed to tree-ripen, but not over-ripen. Pawpaw fruit are climacteric, which means there is a rapid increase in respiration and ethylene production during final fruit ripening, causing fruit to quickly become over-ripe. This may preclude storage with other fruits sensitive to high levels of ethylene. When completely ripe, pawpaws will last for about two days at room temperature, or about a week under refrigeration (40º to 45ºF degrees). Fruit harvested immature will not ripen, even if treated with ethephon, a common fruit ripening material that releases ethylene gas. However, if the fruits are picked before fully ripe, but mature, they can be refrigerated for two to three weeks, and will subsequently ripen at room temperature over several days. As the fruit ripens, it quickly develops handling bruises, blotches, streaks, and freckles, much like an over-ripe banana, which can reduce its freshmarket appeal. Some fresh marketers have used bubble wrap in boxes to minimize damage during transport (Figure 7). Research is needed in postharvest handling of fruit.
Fruit set is poor in nature because of various pollination issues. However it has been shown that with proper pollination under cultivated conditions, yields can be exceptional. The flowers occur on one-yearold wood and are protogynous, meaning that the female stigmatic surface is receptive before male pollen is mature. Even if released on time, the pollen is often self-incompatible. Thus the flowers require crosspollination from a genetically different plant. Means of pollination is also an issue, and natural pollinators are neither efficient nor dependable. The reddish, meat colored flowers and their fetid, musky aroma belie the type of pollinating insects visiting pawpaw (beetles, carrion, and bottle flies). Recent chemical analysis indicates that the aroma is better described as "yeasty" versus fetid; either way, flowers have an unpleasant odor. Increases in pollination have been observed by introduction of carrion to the orchard. This, however, is an unusual orchard practice, and may be difficult for growers to adopt.
Fruiting characteristics can be highly variable between cultivars. Important factors of fruiting variability include time and concentration of maturity, fruit size, seed number, and seed size (Figure 8). Flavor components and sweetness are also variable. Breeding and selecting for quality and uniformity are part of bringing any new crop to market, and work has only begun with pawpaws.
A "Catch 22" situation is in place with regards to commercialization of the fruit for fresh and processed markets. For wholesale marketers and processors, a guarantee of fruit availability is needed before any major products or fresh-market line is developed. From the growers' perspective, a market must be in place before planting. Most new orchards average one to five acres in size (Figure 9). It is hoped that as recently planted orchards come into bearing, the market situation will begin to change. Initially, cooperative marketing of fruit by limited acreage growers may help to address demand quantity issues. Research is also needed in crop processing and the best means of product commercialization.
Commercialization of biomass production for drug or pesticide uses is expensive and may be an unrealistic expectation. Corporate investment for research and development of a new drug or pesticide product is expensive due to government approval requirements, and the market potential is a driving factor in decisions to develop a product.
Allergenic responses have been observed. While many people enjoy the taste of pawpaw, some individuals can become sick after eating the fruit. Skin rash, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea can develop. In other cases, individuals may be allergic to the leaves or the fruit skin. Many tissues of this tree, especially bark, leaves, and seeds, contain a variety of alkaloids such as the aforementioned acetogenins, as well as phenolic acids, proanthocyanidins, tannins, and various flavinoids. Though these compounds represent potential commercialized products as anticarcenogens and botanical pesticides, they also can cause allergic reactions.
Little is known about the culture, physiology, and genetics of this crop. Current research in these areas is underway. However, prospective growers must realize that much information is simply not available and production practices are based, to a great extent, on assumption and extrapolation from other crops. Because this is a new crop, little if any chemical pest management materials are registered.
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Site, Soils, and Preparation
Though pawpaws are capable of fruiting in the shade, a full-sun location and standard orchard setting will result in best production. Rows should be oriented north/south. Trees should be planted on higher ground, avoiding bottomland sites prone to flood and frost. As noted, pawpaws flower early and, like other orchard crops, may be susceptible to late spring frost and suffer flower damage. Elevation will provide some measure of frost protection and sloped sites allow for faster surface-water drainage. Windbreaks may alleviate leaf damage in very windy, exposed sites.
The best soil types are well drained and deep without a clay pan. Soils that are heavy tend to water log or have a high water table in the winter and should be avoided. Prior to planting, and depending on soil test, adjust phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) levels to 75 and 300 pounds per acre, respectively, and lime to bring soil pH to 6.0 to 6.8. The planting site should be moldboard plowed or chiseled to incorporate amendments and worked level and smooth. A common practice in peach production is the formation of a raised planting row four to six feet across and three to six inches high. For pawpaws planted in heavier soils, raised beds may also be advantageous to promote internal soil drainage.
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Propagation and Cultivar Selection
Pawpaw trees can be acquired by collecting young trees from the wild, propagating by seed, or purchasing from established nurseries as bare-root or container- grown trees. Any seedling tree taken from the wild is an "unknown" in its fruit-bearing qualities, and all seedlings, regardless of parent tree, will express variability. Grafted trees, using scion wood from a named parent, is the only means to ensure a true clone and provide known performance. Softwood and hardwood cuttings have been shown to be unsatisfactory methods of propagation.
Collecting trees from the wild is usually unsuccessful for several reasons. Pawpaws tend to send up root suckers from a "mother tree." While root suckers are true clones and identical to the mother plant, they tend to be poorly rooted, and rarely survive transplanting. Transplanting a seedling will be more successful than a root-suckered tree. However, distinguishing a new seedling from a root-suckered shoot can be difficult. Look for trees growing alone where seeds may have dropped and dig only smaller specimens. Trees should be dug in the spring when buds are beginning to swell. As pawpaws in general have weak, brittle taproots, it is important to leave soil on the roots and use ball and burlap to limit root damage. Bare-root wild seedlings usually have poor establishment percentages. Trim tops by 25 percent to compensate for root loss.
Seed propagation is slow but not difficult, provided certain conditions are met. Collect seeds from soft ripe fruit. Macerate the fruit and float the pulp off in water. Seeds can be dipped in a 10 to 20 percent bleach solution to reduce bacteria and fungi problems; be sure to rinse seeds well after dipping. Pawpaw seeds should never be allowed to dry out or their germination ability will be lost. Once cleaned, store seeds in a zippertop bag with slightly moist sphagnum peat moss. Seeds have a dormant, immature embryo, and require stratification (time and cold) under refrigerated conditions (32° to 40°F) for 80 to 120 days before they will germinate. Refrigerated, moist seeds can be stored for up to a year or more. Following stratification, seeds should be sown in a well-aerated soil mix, with an optimum temperature of 75° to 85°F. Use tree pot containers 14 to 18 inches deep that will allow room for taproot formation (Figure 10). Seeds will germinate in two to three weeks, form a taproot, and then send up a shoot in two months. Freshly extracted seeds can be sown directly outdoors in seedbeds in the fall; expect germination to occur the following year in July or August. Fieldgrown seedlings should be dug or transferred to a pot or permanent site in the spring as plants come out of dormancy. All propagation and growing areas should be provided 70 percent to 80 percent shade cover.
For grafting, seedling trees are usually used as a "rootstock" with a named cultivar grafted to it. This is the most economical method of propagation of a known cultivar. Some cultivars may be protected by plant patent rights. Pawpaws have been successfully grafted or budded using whip and tongue grafts and chip budding. Avoid T-budding, which has been unsuccessful. Nurseries sell both bare root and containerized stock. In general, container-grown trees have given better field results for novice growers, while bare-root trees if handled correctly, can be just as successful. Numerous cultivars can now be commonly found in the nursery trade: 'Sunflower,' 'Taylor,' 'Taytwo,' 'Mary Foos Johnson,' 'Overleese,' 'Mitchell,' 'Davis,' and 'Rebeccas Gold' are some examples. More recently, several cultivars have been developed for the Mid-Atlantic region: 'Susquehanna,' 'Rappahannock,' and 'Shenandoah' (see nursery source list). Each cultivar has its particular characteristics, and as noted, two or more cultivars are needed for cross-pollination. Grafted trees are usually two years old, and will be more expensive than seedling trees.should be avoided at this time to prevent bee kill.
Partial list of nursery sources:
Hidden Springs Nursery
Rt. 14, Box 159
Cookeville, TN 38501
(615) 268-9889
Corwin Davis (grafted trees)
20865 Junction Road
Bellevue, MI 49021
(616) 781-7402
One Green World
28696 S. Cramer Road
Mollala, OR 97038
(877) 353-4028
Sherwood's Greenhouses
PO Box 6
Shipley, LA 71073
(318) 377-3659
Burgess Seed and Plants, and Four Season Nursery
905 Four Seasons Road
Bloomington, IL
(309) 663-9551
Peterson Pawpaws ('Susquehanna,' 'Rappahannock,' 'Shenandoah')
PO Box 1011
Harpers Ferry, WV 25425
Blossom Nursery
Eureka Springs, AR
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Planting and Establishment
The ideal planting time for dormant stock is early spring. Between-row spacing should be 18 to 25 feet (depending on equipment access needs) with trees set at an in-row spacing of eight to 10 feet. Plant trees at the depth they were grown at the nursery. For containerized stock, take care not to damage the root ball as it is removed from the pot. Trees will often be sparsely rooted and the roots easily broken. For bare-root stock, trim any excessively long roots, and spread out the root system in the planting hole. Carefully backfill the planting holes, taking care to fill air gaps. Limited reports have suggested that adding soil (inoculation) from a native pawpaw site to the planting hole may provide some benefit to establishment and growth. In many tree species, mycorrhizal fungi create a symbiotic relationship between tree and fungus which aids tree growth. This relationship has been documented for pawpaws. However, the species of fungi is common to most soils, and only in chemically treated, fumigated soils, or long-term agricultural soils would result in a response site inoculation.
New trees should be well watered and fertilized with a liquid soluble fertilizer mix such as 20-20-20. Follow with additional applications at four-week intervals through June. Repeat this fertilizer application the second year. Trees should not be allowed to dry out during the first two years of establishment. Mulching with various organic materials may help maintain soil moisture status. Care should be taken in the winter months to address vole and mouse control under the mulch.
Plastic tree tube shelters (4 to 6 inches in diameter) that are used in reforestation and vineyard plantings work well for protecting the new seedlings from sunlight the first year (Figure 11). A wooden or metal stake should be driven next to the tube to secure it in place. Tubes should be removed by mid-August to allow tissue hardening for winter. Tubes left on trees too long may result in significant winter damage. Tree tube shelters are reusable and available through various horticulture supply stores.
If using grafted trees, monitor bud breaks, and remove any shoots originating below the graft union. Otherwise little corrective pruning is recommended as long as a distinct central leader is forming.
Information on the care of established trees in an orchard setting is limited and based on educated assumptions. Fruit are borne on the previous year's wood. Like peaches, proper pruning and adequate fertility are needed to keep trees vigorous and producing many annual shoots. Currently, a central leader tree is recommended, with topping at about 15 feet to control height. Suckering (shoot development) from the roots or tree base may occur with some cultivar and rootstock combinations and these should be pruned (Figure 12). The canopy may require thinning to maintain good air movement and light penetration. Annual nitrogen (N) fertilizer requirements for bearing trees are at best an estimate. However, sparse root structure and high foliage densities would indicate that moderate rates of at least 40 to 60+ pounds of N per acre may be needed, with a split timing of the total rate between early spring and after fruit set. Should no crop set, the second application may not be needed. Site fertility, tree age, crop loads, and vigor will affect nitrogen application rates, and much research work needs to be done to characterize proper crop nutrition.
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Pollination and Fruit Set
Grafted trees may develop flowers as soon as the third season. Depending on vigor of the trees, a few fruit may be left on in years three and four. As noted, pollination may be difficult to achieve due to self-incompatibility and lack of pollinators. Various flies and beetles are attracted to the smell of the flowers and they are likely the primary pollinators. Honeybees do not prefer the flowers. Though carrion placement may attract fly and beetle pollinators to the area, simple hand pollination with an artist's paintbrush works well in small orchard situations to ensure fruit set (Figure 13a, b). Use the brush to transfer pollen grains from the anthers of one cultivar to the receptive stigma of another cultivar. Pollen is ripe when the anthers are brown, loose, and crumbly and the pollen comes off on the brush as a yellow dust. Stigmas are ripe when the tips of the pistils are green and glossy and the anther ball in the same flower is still hard and green. Using this method, fruit set can be heavy and care should be taken not to over-load and stress the tree. Excessive fruit may need to be thinned by hand. Fruit that develop in direct sunlight may become sunburned (Figure 14), and should be thinned first.
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Pest Concerns
Pawpaws have few noted pest concerns. The peduncle borer (Talponia plummeriana) is a caterpillar pest that can bore into the pawpaw flower and cause it to drop (Figure 15). Though this damage is minor, in certain years the borer can destroy many flowers. Its presence should be monitored. Earwigs, slugs, San Jose scale, leaf rollers, and tent caterpillars have also been reported as occasional pests. Deer are not known to readily eat twigs or foliage, but bucks will use young trees to rub velvet from antlers in the fall. Other potential mammalian problems include squirrels, raccoons, opossums, and foxes which prefer the ripe fruit and as with other fruit trees, voles and mice may cause bark or tunneling damage, particularly when mulch is used around the trees for weed control.
The primary diseases reported on pawpaws are fly speck (Zygophiala jamaicensis) and sooty blotch (Peltaster fructicola), which usually occur together (Figure 16). This disease complex usually develops during periods of high humidity. Dense foliage and lack of air movement contribute to the problem and proper spacing and pruning should help reduce incidence.
Currently, with limited or no registered chemical options for pest control in pawpaw, cultural methods and "organic" pest control products are the primary option for both insect and disease management.
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Harvest and Post harvest Management
Depending on the cultivar, fruit can begin to mature in early August and up to the first frost. The concentration of ripening fruit will depend on the cultivar. Harvest can spread out over the course of a month or a few days. Ripe pawpaws develop a strong aroma that is both fruity and floral. When ripe, the fruit exhibits subtle visual clues, turning a lighter shade of green, and maybe showing some yellowing. The fruit will also begin to soften, similar to peach or avocado. In later stages, the fruit will yellow and develop brown blotches and streaks, eventually turning black, like an overripe banana.
If allowed to stay on the tree, the fruit will reach a peak of ripeness and then decline rapidly in quality. For best storage and postharvest longevity, fruit should be harvested as the skin color begins the initial change even though flavor and sugar development may not be at a peak. As noted, fully ripe pawpaws can be stored about a week in normal refrigeration (40° to 45°F). If the fruits were picked mature, but before fully ripe, they can be refrigerated for two to three weeks. Like a pear or peach, when removed from refrigeration, the fruit can be brought out to room temperature and allowed to ripen fully over a period of several days.
For fresh eating, the best method of pulp extraction is to cut the fruit in half and use a spoon to scoop out the flesh. The seeds can be easily separated and removed. For cooking, the best recipes are those that require little or no heat. The flavor compounds are very volatile and heating will destroy the characteristic flavor. For flavoring ice cream, the fruit should be ripe and used fresh, chopped finely, and blended into vanilla ice cream.
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Additional References
Pawpaw, Asimina triloba (L.), in fall, Michelle McClanan and Douglas G. Pfeiffer, Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, and the Mid-Atlantic Regional Fruit Loop, Extension Research and Teaching in Fruit Crops, IPM Page, http://www.ento.vt.edu/Fruitfiles/PawPaw/PAW_000C.html
Pawpaw Information Web Site, Frankfort, Kentucky, Kentucky State University (the primary source for current information regarding pawpaw research, culture and marketing), http://www.pawpaw.kysu.edu/
Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal, Annonaceae, Pawpaw Purdue University Center for New Crops & Plants Products (series of historical articles on pawpaws), http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/nexus/Asimina_triloba_nex.html
Asimina Genetic Resources, Pawpaw, USDA ARS National Clonal Repository (pawpaw information summary), http://www.ars-grin.gov/cor/minor/asiinfo.html
Pawpaws Asimina triloba, Minor Fruits, Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, http://www.hort.cornell.edu/extension/commercial/fruit/mfruit/pawpaw.html
Pawpaw, UK Cooperative Extension Service, University of Kentucky, College of Agriculture, New Crop Opportunities Center, http://www.uky.edu/Ag/NewCrops/introsheets/pawpaw.pdf
Fruits, Horticultural Crops, National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service, ATTRA (Applied Technology Transfer for Rural Areas), http://www.attra.org/horticultural.html#Fruits
Articles & Books About Pawpaw, Northern Nut Growers Association, Inc., Library, http://www.icserv.com/nnga/pawpaw.htm
Pawpaw, Asimina triloba, Annonaceae, California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc., http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/pawpaw.html
Return to Table of Contents
Special thanks to reviewers: Kenner Love, Extension agent, Rappahannock County; Wythe Morris, Extension agent, Carroll County; Rongcai Yuan, Extension specialist, Alson H. Smith, Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center. Also thanks to Neal Peterson, Peterson Pawpaws; Mark Blossom, Blossom Nursery; and Kirk Pomper, Kentucky State University, for use of selected images and manuscript development comments.
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Commercial products are named in this publication for informational purposes only. Virginia Cooperative Extension does not endorse these products and does not intend discrimination against other products which also may be suitable.
Return to Table of Contents
Reviewed by Allen Straw, Extension Specialist, Southwest Agricultural Research and Extension Center
Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, reprint, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.
Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia State University, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. Edwin J. Jones, Director, Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg; M. Ray McKinnie, Administrator, 1890 Extension Program, Virginia State University, Petersburg.
Publication Date
May 1, 2009


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Gadget Gear From the Sex and the City Movie!
Now that you've taken the Sex and the City tech trivia quiz, which brought you up to speed with all the tech treats from past SATC episodes, it's time to check out some of the geeky gadgets the Sex and the City movie has in store for us! Here's a sneak peek of what we can expect next week at the premiere!
Photo courtesy of New Line
0previous images
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Today started, like yesterday, with a keynote of note: this one with Brad and a stellar cast demoing new features and products for the desktop. Among others, the collected audience saw Jeff Wettlaufer demo a deployment of Windows 7 out to 20-some XP machines, all in something like 15 minutes using Config Manager R2. Wirelessly, in front of a live audience. The preparation was captured on a pair of Edge videos, the first of which you can get here, and the new one here.
Brad looks up to Jeff, really he does.
Clare Henry was also on stage to talk about Service Manager, and demo some of its features. Expect launch in the first half of calendar year 2010, with a public beta well prior.
Clare in demo mode w/ Brad.
A little later in the day, Brad had some time to come by and visit the crew in the Community Lounge, gave a short speech on the importance of community in product development, whether it's Microsoft doing the developing, or the community contributing assets such as management packs. He also took questions from the audience for about 20 minutes, and went on with his busy schedule at the event. Tomorrow, we plan to repeat the scene, but with Larry Orecklin, the GM of the marketing team.
Brad speaking informally w/ attendees.
Among other things, Brad's presence produced an extended run on our swag that's been keeping me at my station until well past closing time. Funny what some t-shirts and mini-mice can do to event goers… who says WOM doesn't work?
Gotta sign off for today—cheers from Las Vegas.
– dave //


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In this most romantic of months, the GeekMoms have been reading about smugglers, spaceflight, and schools, elder gods, forensic anthropology, and grumpy cats.
Oh, and there might be a romance novel buried in there somewhere too! Read on to check out our February book choices.
Continue reading Between the Bookends Feb 2016: Smugglers, Spaceflight, and Schooling


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Looking for recommendations of any hosted pbx service. I need a basic autoattendant and to supply 3 home office workers with telephones, extensions, and voicemail. I was looking at ring central, but I have no basis for the decision. Looking for feeback from anyone who's used or uses this type of service.
*** Edit
After thinking about it for a while, I thought some more detail might be in order.
--Distributed workforce working from home. Contract labor, internet connections are not my problem
--Want to look like a unified presence. Calling outbound, I want caller ID to show the business.
--Calling inbound 800 number, I need the flexibility of selecting an extension to get to the right person.
--Reliable provider, I understand the limitations of voip over the internet, but the provider needs to be solid.
--Equipment can be part of the service or not, though it would figure into any cost decisions.
--We dont have an existing pbx, just local lines. I dont want to pay for local lines to contract labor, hence the focus on voip front end. I can use the voip front end to push calls to local office or contract labor as needed.
Last edited by Luhman on Thu Apr 01, 2010 3:50 pm
Do you need the phones and gear as well?
I used Quest VOIP PBX and small business thing and they supply the phones, and it is pretty cheap. There are some niggling problems (their support interface is slow, we had a phone go bad), that could happen to anyone. Generally it was okay though- no voice quality problems, no outages, generally reliable.
you might want to go with someone that can handle or bundle in a high speed connection onto the same bill, if needed.
I have no idea who this would be but it would make things easier if you could have one company disconnect service and get all the equipment needed for everything for the office
I updated the main post to address your points flying member. due to other considerations, the internet service isnt my problem.
Quest isnt really in this area, but might be a good choice if they can provide the service. ATT is big here, but they discontinued their hosted voip service afaik.
We use OnSip for Ars and I *love* it. We bought Soundpoint IP550s from IP Phone Warehouse and they were also nice to deal with.
My small business utilizes ringcentral.com Pretty damn awesome in my mind. They do hosted PBX and they also do voip.
Can't comment on the PBX itself, but if the employees need to BYO Internet connection, I'd make sure the employment contract mentions this, as well as
the minimum level of service required; reasoning is AFAIK the common practice is that the employer pays for the connection, so it needs to be clear that this is different.
Shoretel is one option, but might be too much.
There's also 3CX VOIP through pc-based softphones.
NovelASPect, which does QuickBooks Hosting and Application Hosting for small business, also has VoIP (http://www.novelaspect.com/hosted-voip) for small to medium businesses. Their QuickBooks Hosting (http://www.novelaspect.com/hosted-applications/quickbooks-hosting) is flawless, so I'm sure they're VoIP Service is as well.


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Zack Wheeler officially became a Met today … he was scratched from his start due to injury. It was a mild oblique strain, and according to the broadcast, Wheeler doesn't think it's anything serious and that he'll make his next start. Of course, Ike Davis thought he was playing on May 11th, 2011. And Daniel Murphy is 7 to 10 days away from playing baseball, a revelation that came mere moments after Kevin Burkhardt saw Murphy in the dugout and wondered: "he's gotta be close, right?" Wrong.
All was not lost as Ruben Tejada returned from his strained quad, and the only other things seemingly bruised were Rob Carson's calf on a line drive, along with some of Rob Carson and the rest of the bullpen's pitches in a 12-4 loss to the Cardinals. The humorous part of the afternoon came when Ron Darling said that a fan in the stands looked like Saints defensive coordinator Rob Ryan. And Keith Hernandez said:
"See what happens when you root for the Mets for decades?"
That's right. Keith Hernandez, who won a title with the Mets, made an implied and direct corollary between rooting the the Mets and aging less than gracefully. Not an Internet troll or a wise-ass blogger, mind you. Keith Hernandez said this. Have the effects of rooting for this team become this obvious? And can each white hair on this guy's head be blamed on a particular Mets loss over the last 25 seasons? And would it surprise you to know that this guy is only 32 years old?
That's right, kids. This is your future.


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Leinster 42-14 Ulster, Heineken Cup Final
O'Driscoll: We're building a dynasty
May 19, 2012
Brian O'Driscoll enjoys the win over Ulster © PA Photos
Brian O'Driscoll hailed the creation of a Heineken Cup dynasty after Leinster's record-breaking 42-14 victory over Ulster in the season finale at Twickenham.
Leinster made history with a third Heineken Cup title in four years - a level of sustained success that is unmatched in European history, even by four-time winners Toulouse. Leicester are the only other team have successfully defended their Heineken Cup title and Leinster did it today by breaking three records.
Not only did they crush Ulster with the biggest winning margin in Heineken Cup final history, but Leinster set a new record for points scored (42) and tries scores (five). Sean O'Brien and Cian Healy scored first-half tries to put Leinster in charge and they sealed the victory with a penalty try plus late touchdowns from Heinke Van Der Merwe and Sean Cronin.
Fly-half Jonathan Sexton converted all three tries and kicked three penalties for a personal haul of 15 points as Leinster added the 2012 title to those they won in 2009 and 2011.
"It will take a couple of days for it to properly to settle in but after we won one we talked about not being content with that and trying to create some sort of dynasty and something to be remembered by," O'Driscoll told Sky Sports 3.
"We're going in the right direction towards doing that but I know this team will be hungry for more. That's why it's enjoyable, You're going in day-in and day-out because you know you're going to be pushed by the guy next to you. We played for one another out there and that really showed today.
"The energy from all 23 was phenomenal, it shows where we are as a squad. I only came in for the knockout stages. For the important part, but the hard graft was put in during the group stages."
Leinster captain Leo Cullen lifted the trophy for a second time and compared his emotions to those of Masters champion Bubba Watson. "To quote Bubba Watson, I haven't got that far in my dreams," Cullen said. "There is something special about playing for the team you grew up supporting. That is the team you want to represent more than anything. Success with this team means the world to me."
Last year, Leinster staged the greatest comeback in Heineken Cup final history to beat Northampton 33-22 after trailing 22-6. Leinster today led 14-6 at the interval and coach Joe Schmidt reminded his players of what can happen in Heineken Cup finals. "Finals are about getting a lead and if we learned anything from last year it is that you have to keep playing, no matter what the situation," Cullen said.
Man-of-the-match O'Brien also insisted that Leinster are constantly raising the bar. "We've worked hard in the last 10 months and today was they day where we had to for go it and thankfully we got the win.
"It's a strong squad and we really want to kick on. Every time we put on a blue shirt there's an energy around us. We trusted the team and we trusted the system. At times today there were lots of mistakes but winning is important and that's what we did today."
Ulster were back in the Heineken Cup final for the first time in 13 years and hooker Rory Best insisted the pain of defeat had to be a source of inspiration. "It was heartbreaking watching Leinster lift the trophy but that is what you learn from," Best said. "You have to watch that and that has to drive you for next year.
"Defeats like this and watching Leinster lift the trophy has to be in our minds now for the next 12 months. We have to be aiming to be in the Aviva next year (for the final). We can't pat ourselves on the back for being in the Heineken Cup final when four years ago you thought you were never going to get out of the group. You have to be looking to win this trophy."
Ulster coach Brian McLaughlin, who tasted defeat in his last game in charge of the Irish province before taking on an academy role, admitted Leinster deserved the trophy. He said: "It was really only in the last 16 minutes that Leinster moved away as the game was very much in the balance.
"We fought back hard and scored a nice try but in the last 10 minutes Leinster showed what a quality side they are and how much they deserved the trophy. I wouldn't do anything differently today at all. We knew it was always going to be difficult.
"We started exceptionally well, but you have to take your chances," McLaughlin said. "Leinster's defence was rock-solid, and they did a fantastic job. The scoreline may have flattered them a bit, but give Leinster an inch and they will take a mile. We have to learn from this. We have worked very hard over the last three years to make ourselves a quality rugby-playing side, and we tried to play a bit of football."
© ESPN Sports Media Ltd.
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text:
Catalogue of Marchantiophyta and Anthocerotophyta of southern South America
Chile, Argentina and Uruguay, including Easter Is. (Pascua I.), Malvinas Is. (Falkland Is.), South Georgia Is., and the subantarctic South Shetland Is., South Sandwich Is., and South Orkney Is.
2009. 672 pages, 3 figures, 17x24cm, 1400 g
Language: English
(Nova Hedwigia, Beihefte, Beih. 134)
ISBN 978-3-443-51056-5, paperback, price: 189.00 €
in stock and ready to ship
hepatic • geographic • hornwort • Marchantiophyta • hepatisch • geographisch • Hornkraut
Review: Nova Hedwigia vol. 90/3-4 top ↑
This is an important contribution to bryology, and the late Gabriella Hässel de Menendez and Marta Rubies are to be complimented for all of the hard, careful, and detailed work that has gone into the production of this fine catalogue.
As the title suggests, the catalogue lists the hepatics and hornworts from Chile, Argentina and Uruguay. The area covered corresponds to "America 6" used by Van de Wijk, Margadant and Florschütz (1959–1969) in "Index Muscorum", and is the first catalogue to comprehensively cover southern South America. I have devoted many years to the study of the hepatics of southern South America, and I am able to attest, first-hand, to the difficulty of work in this region that results from a notably widely scattered literature. The assembly and synthesis of information on southern South American hepatics and hornworts and the dissemination of the product between one set of covers is a major contribution to bryological literature.
The treatment is organized into chapters as follows. LIST OF MARCHANTIOPHYTA NAMES AND TAXA AND LIST OF ANTHOCEROTOPHYTA NAMES AND TAXA. This is the main body of the catalogue and is comprised of an alphabetical list of over 2300 specific names of Marchantiophyta and a similar list of 49 specific names of Anthocerotophyta. The lists include legitimate, illegitimate and invalid names for taxa that have been citedin the literature for Chile, Argentina and Uruguay. Accepted names are in bold, and, if a name is incorrect (e.g., synonyms, which are indicated with italics), then either an accepted name is cross referenced to the right, or a number in brackets is provided that refers to a corresponding annotation where further information may be found (see below). Each legitimate name includes information on the type, published illustrations and maps, literature citations, and new locality data provided by the authors. Herbarium location is often also included. Information on the type follows the abbreviation "T", but the sorts of "types" (lectotype, syntype, isotype, etc.) are often used rather indiscriminately. For example, under Heteroscyphus divergenticiliatus (Steph.) Fulford, the term "lectotype" is used in the same phrase as "isotype", rather than a duplicate of a lectotype being an isolectotype. The terms "paralectotype" and "isoparalectotype" are sometimes used (e.g., under Lejeunea lepida Lindenb. & Gottsche and Lejeunea quinquembonata Spruce); these terms are not sanctioned by the ICBN and should not be used.
Locality information, either from the literature and then a reference is included, or from new data presented by the authors, is listed under the lead abbreviation for the paragraph, "(C)", which I found a bit confusing. On a number of occasions I had to stop and remind myself that "C" was for "Locality" rather than say, "L". Within the locality paragraph the data is listed by the country ("A" for Argentina and "C" for Chile) and coded with a number that is pinned to a particular province (no further locality data is provided). The provinces (with their relevant assigned number) are each tabulated in the "Geographic distribution of taxa" chapter, together with a list of species found in each of the provinces (see below).
ANNOTATIONS. The annotation section for Marchantiophyta is comprised of 683 entries that refer to hepatics. The section includes new combinations, new synonyms and new taxon validations. The section for Anthocerotophyta includes 21 entries.
SYSTEMATIC LISTS ON MARCHANTIOPHYTA AND ANTHOCEROTOPHYTA TAXA. The systematic section is comprised of a list of accepted names with their synonyms that is classified systematically into six classes of Marchantiophyta, with four subclasses, 26 orders, 56 families, 154 genera and 748 taxa. The Anthocerotophyta are organized into one class, four orders, four families, nine genera and 24 taxa. Chile has 553 accepted taxa of liverworts and 14 taxa of hornworts, while Argentina has 562 accepted taxa of liverworts and 15 of hornworts. The classification scheme presented in the catalogue is based in part upon morpho-molecular data proposed by a number of authors. The classification extends to the species level, and, in a few cases, down to the subspecies or varietal level. And, for each species, a code letter is included: "A", if the species is known for Argentina, and "C", for Chile. Synonyms are also included.
SYSTEMATIC AND TAXONOMIC CHANGES. This section is a concise, 1.5 page list of changes made in the catalogue. Three changes have been made at higher rank: suborder Acrobolbineae (E.A.Hodgs.) Hässel, suborder Adelanthineae (Jörg.) Hässel and suborder Plagiochilineae (Jörg.) Hässel. Also listed are new synonyms, new combinations, and new lectotypes; two names are validated. The section lists only the name of the taxon that has undergone change along with the corresponding number of the annotation where the formal change or statement is made.
GEOGRAPHIC LISTS OF TAXA. The section lists taxa, by the individual province, for Chile and Argentina and for Uruguay as a whole. At the terminus of each province list may be found the total number of recorded taxa for that province.
PATTERNS OF DISTRIBUTION. Various types of distribution patterns for southern South America liverworts and hornworts are presented; each category has a list of taxa that exhibit that pattern. It includes, interestingly, a list of 10 species under "Pampean", a subcategory of "Temperate South American".
The work is well organized and user friendly. The cross referencing of data is well thought out and I had no difficulty navigating the various components. Equally important is the high level of accuracy of the data presented. The catalogue should have a broad audience, from those interested in conservation and biodiversity, to plant ecologists, to the many components of the bryological community. The student of bryology will especially welcome this volume as a valuable component of a working library.
I have one criticism which I regard as notable, and that is the high cost of this catalogue. The cost is EUR 189 (US$ 264) for a publication comprised of 672 pages. The high cost of the Hässel de Menendez and Rubies catalogue surely will exclude from purchase a significant segment of the scientific community, particularly those from countries in Central and South America, as well as workers in New Zealand, Australia and South Africa, who would also find the volume useful.
Nova Hedwigia volume 90/3-4, p. 551-553
Table of Contents top ↑
Resumen 6
Introduction 6
Acknowledgements 8
List of Marchantiophyta names and taxa 12
Annotations on Marchantiohyta names 427
List of Anthocerotophyta names and taxa 477
Annotations on Anthocerotophyta names 485
Systematic lists of Marchantiophyta and Anthocerotophyta taxa 487
Systematic and taxonomic changes 554
Geographic distribution of taxa 555
Patterns of distribution 579
References 588
Index 631


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Photographer's Note
The ocean viewdeck of Bohol Bee Farm Resort overlooks the Bohol Sea.
Breakfast, lunch and dinner can be served here. Guests can also choose to have relaxing massages. Chilled beer or piping hot brewed coffee? Whatever is one's choice, it complements Bohol's friendly people and fantastic scenery.
Taken shortly after sunset, this deck also doubles up as a small pier where small boats fetch tourists for island hopping.
Nobody has marked this note useful
Critiques | Translate
alin-m (3716) 2009-12-01 1:49
Hi Noogy.
I think you were very happy to stay in the balcony and admire the view from these places.
Interesting title.
Best regards.Alin.
Leconte (5795) 2009-12-01 17:45
Hello Noogy,
I can well imagine 3 days of calm and serenity on the balcony welcoming and warm ... to reflect, stand back, and sure, take all the different lights in pictures!
best regards,
thaprem (2558) 2009-12-02 8:00
I really get the feel of the place and the fantasy of being at that location!
Well done.
Photo Information
- Copyright: Noogy Cruz (noogy) (1074)
- Genre: Places
- Medium: Color
- Date Taken: 2009-11-14
- Categories: Nature
- Exposure: f/3.3, 1/320 seconds
- More Photo Info: view
- Photo Version: Original Version
- Date Submitted: 2009-11-30 17:00


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Scott was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, the son of a writer. As a young boy, he contracted polio and was sent to his grandfather's farm to recuperate. While there, he came to know and love the Border country, which figures prominently in his work. Scott began his literary career by writing metrical tales. "The Lay of the Last Minstrel," "Marmion," and "The Lady of the Lake" made him the most popular poet of his day. Sixty-five hundred copies of "The Lay of the Last Minstrel" were sold in the first three years, a record sale for poetry. His later romances in verse, "The Vision of Don Roderick," "Rokeby," and "The Lord of the Isles," met with waning interest owing to the rivalry of Byron, whose more passionate poetic romances superseded Scott's in the public favor. Scott then abandoned poetry for prose. In 1814 he anonymously published a historical novel, Waverly, or, Sixty Years Since, the first of the series known as the Waverley novels. He wrote 23 novels anonymously during the next 13 years. The first master of historical fiction, Scott wrote novels that are historical in background rather than in character: A fictitious person always holds the foreground. In their historical sequence, the Waverley novels range in setting from the year 1090, the time of the First Crusade, to 1700, the period covered in St. Roman's Well (1824), set in a Scottish watering place. Scott wrote novels covering every period of European history from the eleventh to nineteenth centuries, except the thirteenth century. Scott's last years were plagued by illness, yet in 1831 and 1832 he toured the Mediterranean aboard a government frigate. He died at Abbotsford soon after his return and was buried in the ruins of Dryburgh Abbey.
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Jun 12, 2006
Good effort mate!
Good video as in editing but the content is not my cup of tea was bordering on CHAV like........i must be getting old
good smooth editing dude
Yeah, chav city. Reminds me of when I was 18....... some time ago!!!
I just don't get it.
Bunch of pre-pubescent twats that think smoking joints, c0ck a$$ing about in tupperware boxes with wheels on and generally being a pain in the a$$ is cool.
Ever considered anyone else when you 'organise' these things? What about the financial cost to everyone in your area to pay for the extra policing that's needed?
Grow up, and if you want to 'organise' anything do it properly on a track or at an airfield/showground.
what ever mate i edited the video i didnt ******* organise anything
Strange, coz your original post, which you've now changed, said you did.
Billy Bravo you have to agree with what Eeef is saying looked like there was a shed load of motors there and Police as well ...i know this might sound a bit lame but he has a point and you did say that you (run a cruise site there for that would implicate you as an organiser)
You have a nice car........
but not to sound to snobbie the comments about tupperware motors is not far off and Knob Jockeys smoking Joints while they are driving might look cool but it is the same as downing lager in your car allot of lager so you can imagine not allot of people will agree with this
Have to agree with the recent posts here. If cruises were all genuinely all in the interest of cars and nothing else, you wouldn't get the police turning up to move people along. Car shows are where the real enthusiasts go!
Car shows are where the real enthusiasts go! Do you ,mean the older farts of the community
Just dreadful, chav central (as far as the content goes).
As for editing ability, I haven't got a clue about that sort of thing.
HOHOHO, we used to get this sort of thing over in the SUPRA forums when I used to frequent there (when i owned one) people were always looking down on lesser powered cars, which when compared to a 450+ BHP supra was most of them...
Just watched that video, have seen it all now...
A bunch of **** cars, with cockpot owners. Why buy a car that is ****, pop to halfords, buy some stickers and some LED's, maybe some propane for the exhaust pipe to make it flame, because the engine doesn't have enough power to really create a flame.
I know everyone has their place, but these people are proper cocks, Fiesta's with Nismo and Greddy stickers are my favourite... If anyone really thinks about that pairing, they'd know its not going to happen...
Don't hold back, tell it like it is dude LMAO!!!!
I cant get it to work
Good bit of editing content isn't really that good....be honest
Good dancers very clever up the wall
Separate names with a comma.


text:
Self-taught British industrial designer Tom Dixon sat down for a very brief talk with Nowness about the term "design" and what it is that designers do. As a welder, Dixon's work is as much about the process of creating as it is about the design. In the video he also talks about the first time he used a welding torch and how it led to his career as a designer.
RELATED: Tom Dixon Collaborates with Adidas on Collection Debuting at Milan Design Week
RELATED: 25 People Shaping the Future of Design
[via Nowness]


text:
RANCHO PENASQUITOS ---- A man who displayed a gun in his waistband robbed a Rancho Penasquitos 7-Eleven convenience store early Friday morning, according to San Diego police.
The suspect fled on foot with cash shortly after the incident, which took place at 9701 Carmel Mountain Road just before 12:30 a.m., police said. No one was injured.
The suspect is described by police as a white man in his 20s, 5-feet, 5-inches tall and weighing between 150 and 170 pounds. The store is north of Highway 56 near a residential neighborhood.
The case is under investigation.


text:
Days 1 Las Vegas
Enjoy a free day in the desert neon city of Las Vegas before your epic adventure begins. Take a stroll along The Strip to discover the resort hotels that make this desert city tick. A welcome meeting will be held at approximately 18:00 hrs in the evening with free time afterwards to explore the neon cityscape. Accommodation: Hotel included | Meals: Paid locally


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text:
We are in the midst of one of the most profound transformations in human history. Amidst global economic crisis, rising violence among nations, and a deepening awareness of the breakdown of the planet's ecosystems, a tidal wave of change is sweeping through communities everywhere.
The change is coming not from governments or political leaders, not from the United Nations, World Bank or International Monetary Fund. It's coming from people like you and me who are looking around our towns, neighborhoods and villages and seeing not just problems but opportunities. Often there is nothing more than the spark of an idea and the willingness of one or two or ten people to dive in and begin.


text:
This past weekend I booked a hotel room in the downtown Hilton for the hell of it.
Because I'm king of the Hampton Inn in Columbia, SC, I have a lot of Hilton points, so I cashed in a few for the stay. As an added bonus they put me on the "executive floor" with a great view of the city.
We headed up one floor to Nikolai's Roof, to the completely empty bar and lounge area, save for one solo guy nursing a bourbon. A few people came in and walked around to check out the view, but that's it. Based on a quick glance, the actual restaurant had a handful of tables occupied, but I didn't get to thoroughly check out that area.
We weren't doing a full meal, so we had some cheese and one appetizer. Cheese was good. They let us pick and choose a bit. It was served with honey with specks of real truffle that were appreciated.
My appetizer was something to see, having interesting flower garnishes. The dish itself was a huge portion of two large slabs of a tad dry pork belly confit, roasted brussels sprouts, and a blue cheese sauce. It was a bit all over the place – the sauce on the sprouts and the blue cheese sauce were somewhat unnecessary. It hit the spot, but just seemed an odd assembly. Between this and the cheese, I was actually somewhat satiated by this point.
We then took the exterior elevator twenty-seven floor down to Trader Vic's, with one intention – getting mai tai'd. We were successful. They even gave us one last mai tai in a plastic cup for the long journey back to the hotel room.
mai tai'd |ˈmī ˌtī'd| – verb [intrans.] – to become drunk as hell on mai tai's; I'm not sure where I got that rash, but I'm pretty sure it happened when I got mai tai'd last weekend
ORIGIN mid 20th cent., Trader Vic's.
The going nowhere vacation was capped off with breakfast in bed, one of my favorite things in the world. My dad likes to talk about one trip when I was probably six years old and I called for breakfast while he was still sleeping. He woke up halfway during the order, just in time to hear, "…yes, and eggs please. I'd like orange juice if it's fresh squeezed. My father? Yes, he knows I'm calling."
Now that I'm looking at this photo, boy I hope those sheets were clean.


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Time for a breather
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Made the ledge, now it's time to take in the view while the next guy comes up. I bet we watched them climb for an hour. It didn't take but maybe 45 minutes for this climber to make that leg up. It was truly amazing.
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|You are in: World: Americas
Tuesday, 1 August, 2000, 11:49 GMT 12:49 UK
Republicans reach out to minorities
The US Republican Party has opened its national convention promising support for America's ethnic minorities.
Party delegates also used the occasion to formally nominated Texas Governor George W Bush as their presidential candidate.
Mr Powell is one of the most prominent black US politicians, and his speech was part of the Republicans' efforts to shake off their image as the party of the white and wealthy.
"In pursuing educational reform, as well as in all other parts of his agenda for Texas, Governor Bush has reached out to all Texans - white, black, Latino, Asian, Native American," Mr Powell told the delegates.
The BBC's Rob Watson in Philadelphia says the members of a gospel choir were among many black voices and faces to be seen and heard on the stage of the convention.
But he says that despite the rhetoric, opinion polls show that many black Americans and other minorities regard the Republican Party with suspicion
Mr Powell has been tipped as a likely secretary of state, if Mr Bush were to win in November.
Affirmative action
Several opening-day speakers stressed Mr Bush's determination to "leave no child behind" in modern America.
He criticised Republicans who condemned affirmative action, saying it had "helped a few thousand black kids get an education".
Less controversially, he said an America led by George W Bush should reach beyond its shores.
"We must show to the rest of the world the beauty and potential of democracy," he said to applause.
For the first time, many Americans also had a chance to hear the views of Mr Bush's wife Laura.
She also took up the theme of inclusion, stressing the importance of early learning and childhood development programmes.
Bush campaign tour
Mr Bush will formally accept the presidential nomination at the convention on Thursday.
He is currently touring through states that the Republicans have lost in the past two presidential elections.
Mr Bush has a clear lead over his Democratic challenger, Vice-President Al Gore, in the opinion polls.
At the same time, the Democrats have begun running advertisements attacking the voting record of Mr Bush's vice presidential running mate, Dick Cheney, when he was in Congress.
Mr Gore and the Democrats hold their convention in Los Angeles in two weeks' time.
See also:
29 Jul 00 | Election news
Choreographing the convention
30 Jul 00 | Americas
Eyewitness: The Philadelphia protests
01 Aug 00 | Election news
The two faces of Philadelphia
Internet links:
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Links to more Americas stories are at the foot of the page.
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text:
I don't know what the going rate is, but when I built my house, we hired plumbers, something neither H or I are good enough at to do the a whole house, and I fired 2 in the process of building.
Good plumbers are hard to come by in my neck of the woods.
~Feel your emotions, but control your behavior~ Unknown
It was $90/hr and it's 14 hours work. That, of course, doesn't include materials.
I had another guy in today. Waiting on his estimate.


text:
Session or Database (3 messages)
Which is better to call server and retreieve values from database or to keep my values in session???
- Posted by: Hadeel Rashad
- Posted on: December 07 2004 06:36 EST
Threaded Messages (3)
- The best answer is: "It depends" by Cardwell Cupp on December 07 2004 18:28 EST
- The best answer is: "It depends" by Ian Purton on December 08 2004 07:27 EST
- Session or Database by Jaise George on December 14 2004 01:31 EST
The best answer is: "It depends"[ Go to top ]
How much data are you going to be storing in the session/db? How long must those values persist? How sensetive is the data? What does the data represent? If the data represents a relation in the DB, thenI try to use the session as little as possible, but somtimes it is inevitable.
- Posted by: Cardwell Cupp
- Posted on: December 07 2004 18:28 EST
- in response to Hadeel Rashad
If you are building an object over multiple pages and the database requires that the object is complete before you write it to the DB, then you have to use a session.
If the data is not represented as a relation or and object in the system, the session is probably a good place for it.
Sessions on different browsers behave differntly, so be carefull.
The best answer is: "It depends"[ Go to top ]
I personally never use the session.
- Posted by: Ian Purton
- Posted on: December 08 2004 07:27 EST
- in response to Cardwell Cupp
If you need to scale your system horizontally in the future then it is much easier to do if your system is stateless all the way to the database.
I know most app servers support session replication, but I'nm not convinced this is as scalable as a stateless system.
E-bay is an example of a high traffic site that doesn't use the session. (I read that somewhere)
Ian Purton
Website Uptime and Availability | Permission Email List Management | Sales Force Automation Solution | All Time Top 100 Rock Charts
Session or Database[ Go to top ]
- Posted by: Jaise George
- Posted on: December 14 2004 01:31 EST
- in response to Hadeel Rashad
Which is better to call server and retreieve values from database or to keep my values in session???
I think this has two aspects. In an application one might want to store information related to the session of the user. ie. since the user login till he logs out or timed out. For such information storing in HTTP session might be useful.
The other case is that one might want to store some application wide information, that do not change frequently since a system startup. For example, a currency or a conversion rate. Such information could be stored either in the database itself or an application-wide lookup table, typically a hashmap or hashtable to reduce the aceess time.
But I also am aware that HTTP session behaves differently in different browsers and platforms. But I am not sure about this.
Hope this helps.


text:
ROCHESTER — The Animal Health Center is accepting donations on behalf of the mother and young child who lost their home in a fire Wednesday on King Street.
According to Fire Marshal Dominick Bellio, the two lost all of their belongings in the fire, which destroyed their upper-story apartment at 6 King St.
Colleen Bilodeau and her 3-year-old daughter were not home when the fire started, and Bilodeau's two dogs were saved by off-duty firefighters and good Samaritans, who dragged the animals from the burning building and rushed them to the Animal Health Center.
Bilodeau and her daughter are now staying in temporary housing provided by Red Cross, according to Bellio.
The Animal Health Center, located at 22 Lowell St. in Rochester, is accepting any monetary, clothing, toy, or other donations for Bilodeau and her daughter. Donations and checks can be dropped off directly to the center.
Laura Gendron, who works at the Animal Health Center, said that donation checks can be made out to Colleen Bilodeau.
She said Bilodeau's daughter is a size 5T, with shoe size of 2.5. Bilodeau is size small, or between the sizes of 1 and 2.
Those wishing to make a donation toward the veterinary bills for treatment of the family's two dogs may go through the Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Center in Newington, where the animals were transported for further treatment.
The contact number for the veterinary emergency center is 431-3600.


text: Harry How, Getty Images [ Congratulations (Again) Reese! By Andree Valentine March 28, 2011 Reese Witherspoon is officially off the market. The LA Times is reporting that the Oscar-winning actress married Jim Toth, a Hollywood agent, Saturday at her ranch in Ojai, CA. The ceremony reportedly lasted about half an hour, and included around 100 guests. Read More Category: Entertainment Tags: celebrities, reese witherspoon, reese witherspoon gets married, wedding Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


text:
I can just see it..."Mongrel Mob Club" or
"Black Power Club", or the "Mickey Mouse Club"
Of course they're gangs.
A nice Pit
HAMC... the c stands for club. they are called a club by sonny barger, one of their founders from oakland. hells angels are a club. mongrel mob/black power are a gang. i dunno what filthy few, road knights etc call themselves.
my blog: http://sunsthomasandfriends.weebly.com/index.html
the really happy person is one who can enjoy the scenery when on a detour.
There is a reason they are called 1%'s.
"Mischief". That's something my 6 year old one does..lol
"Other respectful thing" ? What was the first one?
HOG. Sadly same all around the world.
I like HM and others like techno. I can not stand the sheit. Same same different.
I am a gang of one (less overheads, streamlined organisation) sometimes two when Mrs O/r is with me!
Don't need Police escorts, I usually know where I am going.
Everyone else is/are just other road users. Not intimidated by them. (Well, not yet) John.
"The very essence of the banking industry; to make us all, (whether we be nations or individuals), slaves to debt!" ... is it working for them yet?
Debt explained: http://www.positivemoney.org/issues/debt/
Higway 61 Motorcycle Club
Epitaph riders Motorcycle Club
Devils Henchmen motorcycle Club
Kiwi Bikers ( notice, not a club )
Artic Angels Motorcycle Club
Magog Motorcycle Club
Filthy Few Motorcycle Club
Road Knights Motorcycle Club
The biggest Gang in New Zealand?
They gather inside fortified club rooms, and wear side patches
Carry weapons, are speed freaks, alway steal peoples drugs, dogs and women
And Blue is their favorite colour!
As said by a previous posters, the comradeship, trust and family like togeatherness found inside these groups is probably stronger than any other group of people. Their lives depend upon each other in many cases.
I am not saying I agree with their Charters, Ideals or motives.
But they are the worst people to get on the wrong side of, but the best to have on your side.
As for being ignored by them , well hello, when your ego is as big as theirs, everybody else is just crap
To be old and wise, first you must be young and stupid.
The others on the road arnt showing respect - its fear because the pricks are likely to cause them grief and they would rather get out of harms way.
Again - its only because they are in the pack - by themselves most of them are gutless pathetic pussies. Fuck - I boxed for years and had to fight a number of gang guys and beat most of them (most of them - but not all) - and Im a ginga computer nerd.
"Every time you set your ass on a bike, you're playing a game of Russian Roulette between yourself and your own stupidity."
oops - should note that one that did beat me - absoultley beat me to shit - wanst even close. broke my nose cheekbone and my hand on the one time I actually hit the bastard. then he knocked me out
Its funny because ive never seen a gang or club for that matter consisting of inline fours or Japanese bikes only harleys and triumphs why is this ?
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Crudo on a Thursday: out of the foie gras, but not the sea bass
Look beyond the pisco sour and gin fizz
Barbarella Fokos 9:30 a.m., Nov. 19
Dressed in drab green Army jackets and thrift-store chic, the Sadies tower over me as they walk by, each over six feet tall. While large in stature, they aren't the least bit intimidating, carrying a certain kindness about them. That thought was dispelled when the first chord struck and the bellowing Good brothers, Dallas and Travis, stood tall on opposite ends of the stage, vocal chords stretched and belting primeval howls. The freak-out had begun.
Proficient musicians in psychedelic rock, rockabilly, alternative country, and straight-up rock and roll, the Sadies' set took on the form of a runaway locomotive blasting through the walls of the Casbah. From waltzy rock ("Tell Her What I Said"), to rockabilly ("Cheat"), to good old-fashioned toe-tapping country ("Higher Power"), you never knew what was coming next.
With Travis wielding a quiver of stringed instruments and creating a searing fury of sound, Dallas carefully filled in the holes with his precise plucking. And just before the gathering storm lost shape, the rhythm section of Sean Dean and Mike Belitsky grounded the quartet.
While the entire set didn't flow as smoothly as their latest studio release, Dark Circles, you'd be hard-pressed to find a disappointed fan in attendance. The combination of psych-rock and the liquid-light show was enough to make me question what exactly I imbibed that night, but Dallas Good put up best: "I usually have to spend a bunch of money to see visuals like this."
Visuals were provided by SD local projectionists- Operation:MINDBLOW


text:
Marketers learn new lessons from Arab Spring
The rapid growth in social media usage among Arab consumers means that uptake will continue strongly in 2012
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The Arab Spring did offer lessons to entrenched governments unresponsive to their peoples' needs. At a more distant level, it left a stark message for global and regional marketers that social media has well and truly arrived.
"The rapid growth in social media usage among Arab consumers means that uptake will continue strongly in 2012," said Rishi Saha, the Hill+Knowlton Strategies' regional director for Australia, Middle East, Africa, South and Central Asia. "The Middle East is not as far behind the US and Europe as some might suggest."
Social media platforms open brands and businesses to a closer interaction with customers than any other marketing medium and it is important to embrace these platforms as quickly as possible to ensure brands have a voice, and can engage in the conversation. This is where newly created R+DI expects to have a role. No, it's not an R2D2 clone, but stands for Research + Data Insights' and is a creation of Hill+Knowlton Strategies.
"R+DI goes beyond analysing purely social media, we provide information on both emerging challenges and recurring problems — a task that blends strategy with insight about public issues and integrates myriad ideas," Saha said. "Understanding the nuances of where the conversation is heading is part of what it does."
Enormous potential
R+D Insights will be based in H+K Strategies' New York office and will consist of 12 research centres around the world. "There is enormous potential for Middle East businesses to make smarter use of social media for a range of functions," Saha said.
This, according to him, could be through gaining customer insights by research; building a stronger relationship with consumers and other key stakeholders; handling customer service issues before they escalate into a crisis; and attracting new business by encouraging customers to share their experiences across social networks.
Little value
So, what is in it for a marketer? "There's little value in stacking up large numbers of fans who never return to your platforms — more important is to drive engagement and ensure a high quality of interaction," Saha said. "Although top-line numbers are clearly important, the engagement volume is even more. "That's where a more robust analysis of what those users did rather than look at click-rates becomes a critical element of understanding the effectiveness of the platform.
"We leverage both large-scale data analytics and multi-modal opinion research to provide insights on reputation and issue management, strategic and corporate communications and public affairs. This allows them to make clear decisions on the platforms they use and the way they use them."
Newly created Research+Data Insights is headed by Peter Zandan, global vice-chairman of Hill+Knowlton Strategies. While it will be based in New York, the office will be supported by a network of 12 research centres. "The R+D Insights organisation will be critical in helping our clients navigate their way through an increasingly challenging public environment," said Jack Martin, global chairman and CEO of Hill+Knowlton Strategies.
Top Headlines
- Jordan secures EU finance for socioeconomic and environmental programs
- US, EU protectionist policies may be a blessing in disguise for GCC suppliers
- Dubai to Doha: How far can you stretch your dirham?
- Tunisia 2020 investment conference: 145 mega projects on offer
- GCC tax on expats' income and remittances would be highly regressive: IMF
- Did the Middle East learn its lesson from the collapse of Lehman Brothers?
- A history lesson for Tunisia: what Tunis can learn from South Africa to govern its own political future
- Lessons learned from Ramadi
- Invest in your child's future this Spring Break with Eton Institute's language courses
- Lessons from the OPEC oil embargo 40 years later


text:
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