text:
COPC's impact may be felt for many years
By Britney Appier
Sun Tribune
Last week, University of Minnesota, Morris Chancellor Jacqueline Johnson and Morris Mayor Sheldon Giese signed a pledge to continue to sustain programs and progress realized through the Community Outreach Partnership Centers grant.
The COPC project was a partnership between the UMM campus and the City of Morris to use the resources of the university to help improve Morris.
The COPC project was originally funded by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. It's a highly competitive grant program, the application and administration for which was handled by UMM's Center for Small Towns.
The plan was to use the organizations that already existed and to "change the way Morris looks at things" and "focus the attention and resources on how Morris can better facilitate these organizations," said David Fluegel, coordinator of the COPC project.
The signing occurred at the City Council's regular meeting, following the final meeting of the Community Advisory Committee to review what has been accomplished through the COPC partnership.
Morris received the grant three years ago, becoming the smallest community to ever receive a COPC grant. Organizers began planning ways to create or revitalize various services in the community.
In that time, 13 projects were developed, three research studies, and thousands of hours have been put into this project in order for it to be successful. The areas that Morris concentrated on for the COPC project were housing, economics, and community organizing and neighborhood revitalization.
Three research studies by UMM professors Greg Thorson, Arne Kildegaard and Bart Finzel were undertaken to support the work on the housing projects. No housing study had been completed in Morris since the 1970s and updated research was needed on the housing needs of the city, according to the COPC Web site.
With 43 percent of the of the Morris population renting their homes, research was needed to explore what types of housing were needed in the city, Fluegel said.
Economics and the growth of new entrepreneurial businesses were other areas in which COPC money was used. In 2001, $21 million in revenue in Morris came from small business owners, according to Idea Factory research. Since so much revenue is generated by that growing market, it, too, became focus of COPC. The Idea Factory aids people who are looking to get businesses off the ground and need affordable resources and access to experts.
COPC's Community Development and Neighborhood Revitalization program includes a variety of activities to combat social concerns of those living in Morris. Such concerns include the rising average age of Morris-area residents combined with static school-age population and the growing gap between them.
The Community Development organizers also tackled the design of the City Center parking lot, a growing minority population, some people's resistance to change, domestic violence and crime.
For the work on the COPC project, UMM and the city in October 2006 received the Carter Community Partnership Award for campus-community collaboration. The award recognized the programs that Morris and UMM established through the COPC grant. The Carter awards are given in each state to recognize the use of a university's resources to address crucial areas of need in the community. Morris did just that.
As the Carter Award proclaimed, UMM and Morris worked hard to address many issues within the community, attempting to focus and develop the town to better face the issues it currently is encountering.
"The community and the university are interdependent, and it's nice to be in a community where that interdependency is recognized and valued" Johnson said at last week's pledge signing.


text:
No write permissions on cifs share
Hi There,
I've got a minimal fedora box with a folder mounted to a windows cifs share.
I mounted the share as root and can access it fine as root and write.
If I try and access the shared folder as another user I can read but I cannot write.
If I try to change the ownership to the other user I get permission denied.
Can anyone advise?
Many Thanks.
post your /etc/fstab
that will help. also did you set visudo to allow your user access to cifs folder. also the user has to have the exact same name on both systems.
ex: on MS Windows computer user name = admin
on the Linux box you will need a user named admin
this will cause much less issues as MS Windows never plays nice with permissions even in an AD pure windows network.
an example for the /etc/fstab:
//IP_address/share <mount_point> cifs noauto,guest,rw,username=<user>,password=<pw> 0 0
/bin/mount <mount_point>, /bin/umount <mount_point>
Hi There Guys,
I mounted the share using mount from a root shell.
As root I can read/write to the share.
I have another user who cant.
So this suggests that the fact the username is different to the windows logon name doesn't matter.
My /etc/fstab contains
/dev/mapper/vg_ftp-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
as you manually mounted the drive, that is why your user can not access the files fully as you desired. again see what i typed above.
Thanks for you reply,
So I should put
//servername/DNN /home/wsi/dnn cifs noauto,guest,rw,username=*****,password=***** 0 0
Many thanks.
It didn't work :(
again remember the user has to be able to mount/umount the share. If the user can not then the user will never have full access to the share for rwx
what's visudo? ;\
visudo is what controls sudo permissions. this is how user gets to run commands with root level permissions. mount and umount are root commands that user normally does not have access to. by using the visudo you can give permissions to a user they dont own in their group.
# sudoers file.
|All times are GMT -5. The time now is 02:22 PM.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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text:
San Diego moved a step closer to adopting regulations that would prevent the city's more than 80 medical marijuana dispensaries from operating near schools, parks and churches.
A City Council committee voted 3-1 Wednesday to create a slew of land-use regulations that will provide direction to police and code-compliance officers as they try to regulate the businesses.
The new rules would allow dispensaries only in commercial or industrial zones and prohibit dispensaries from operating within 1,000 feet of each other. Dispensaries also would not be able to operate within 1,000 feet of schools, playgrounds, libraries, child-care facilities, youth centers, churches or parks.
The recommendations originated from the city's Medical Marijuana Task Force, a 11-member panel that included various community leaders and public safety officials, and council members offered slight tweaks before voting. The vote directs the City Attorney's Office to draft an ordinance with the new regulations so the full council can vote on it within the next two months.
Councilman Tony Young said he couldn't support the proposal because it didn't include a cap on the number of dispensaries allowed in the city.
California voters legalized the use of medical marijuana by seriously ill patients in 1996 with Proposition 215. The vagueness of state laws and the fact that the drug is still illegal under federal law has prompted cities across California to take different approaches in regulating use of marijuana. San Diego County, Escondido and El Cajon have banned dispensaries.
Some of the regulations in the city's ordinance include:
•Requiring dispensaries to provide evidence that they are a nonprofit before obtaining a land-use permit.
•Limiting hours of operation to between 7 a.m. and 9 p.m.
•Requiring a licensed security guard during business hours.
•Making sure fees associated with dispensary permits are enough to recover all of the city's costs.
Dispensaries currently operating within the city would have to comply with all of the new rules. None would be grandfathered in.


text:
or call your
favorite travel agent
or call your
favorite travel agent
European Inspiration (Winter) 2016 » Review by Jennieva Perez
The European Inspiration Tour was more than I ever expected. We visited so many countries and made life long friends. The tour was a perfect mix of culture, fun and party time! The fact that you have 2 nights in every city makes a world of difference, I did not feel rushed in any city and saw so much from the eiffel tower & lourve museum in Paris, to the Berlin Wall, to the astrological clock in prague, to the mountains in Lucerne, and everything else in between. Our week in Italy was by far my favorite part of the trip. FLORENCE & ROME were amazing!!! I would do this trip again in a heartbeat! Our TM and driver were top notch first class!! Thank you Contiki!! :) :) Can't wait to do it again!!
Review written Nov 2011event 0.3
Visas? Money? Where to go? Chat to us about travel.


text:
Activation policies in Germany : from status protection to basic income support
"This paper provides an overview of the sequential shift towards activating labour market and social policy in Germany. It not only shows the changes in the instruments of active and passives labour market policies but also analyzes the implications of this change for the political economy, the governance and the legal structure of a 'Bismarckian' welfare state. Our study points at the changes in Germany's status- and occupation-oriented unemployment benefit regime that has been relinquished for a larger share of dependent population. Unemployment insurance benefit duration is shorter now and newly created basic income support for needy persons is not earnings-related anymore. Pressure on unemployed to take up jobs has increased considerably while more persons than before have access to employment assistance. The paper also aims at a preliminary assessment of the effects of activating labour market policy on labour market as well as social outcomes and sets out probable paths of future adaptation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
|76 pages
|Date of creation:
|30 Jan 2007
|Publication status:
|published in: Eichhorst, Werner; Grienberger-Zingerle, Maria; Konle-Seidl, Regina: Bringing the jobless into work? Experiences with activation schemes in Europe and the US, p. 17-67
|Contact details of provider:
| Postal: Regensburger Str. 104, D-90327 Nürnberg
Phone: 0911/179-0
Fax: 0911/179-3258
Web page: http://www.iab.de/
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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Jacobi, Lena & Kluve, Jochen, 2006. "Before and After the Hartz Reforms: The Performance of Active Labour Market Policy in Germany," IZA Discussion Papers 2100, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
- Koch, Susanne & Walwei, Ulrich, 2005. "Hartz IV: Geht die Reform zu weit oder noch nicht weit genug?," Wirtschaftsdienst – Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik (1949 - 2007), ZBW – German National Library of Economics / Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 85(7), pages 411-417.
- Jacobi, Lena & Kluve, Jochen, 2006. "Before and After the Hartz Reforms: The Performance of Active Labour Market Policy in Germany," RWI Discussion Papers 41, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung.
- Kemmerling, Achim & Bruttel, Oliver, 2005. "New politics in German labour market policy? The implications of the recent Hartz reforms for the German welfare state," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Labor Market Policy and Employment SP I 2005-101, Social Science Research Center Berlin (WZB).
- Karl Brenke, 2006. "Wachsender Niedriglohnsektor in Deutschland: sind Mindestlöhne sinnvoll?," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 73(15/16), pages 197-206.
- repec:zbw:rwidps:0041 is not listed on IDEAS
- Eichhorst, Werner, 2006. "Beschäftigung Älterer in Deutschland: Der unvollständige Paradigmenwechsel," IZA Discussion Papers 1985, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
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text:
Company has 'parted ways' with PR exec after tweet on AIDS, Africa and raceSat Dec 21, 2013
4 arrested in carjacking and shooting death outside upscale N.J. mallSat Dec 21, 2013
Uganda gays may face life in prisonFri Dec 20, 2013
- EXACTLY! Homosexuals have BROKEN MINDS. The "CLERGY" of the church were simply homosexuals who "USED" the church as a catalyst to hide behind God and the Church to gain easy access and the trust of little boys and girls to sexually abuse. The "CHURCH" was simply another victim of the disease of Homo …
Judge strikes down Utah's same-sex marriage banFri Dec 20, 2013
Marine dies during trip won on Ellen DeGeneres showThu Dec 19, 2013
Syria Islamists perpetrating 'cruel and inhuman' abuses: Amnesty InternationalThu Dec 19, 2013
Egypt's Morsi charged with conspiracy, terrorist actsWed Dec 18, 2013
Gunman kills self at Colorado high school; second student critically woundedFri Dec 13, 2013
- Stars N' Stripes.... Isn't it amazing how dumb Flandysz is? This guy actually believes with all his heart what he is saying. I wonder what history books he studied. I'm sure its the new LIBERAL VERSION. The one were American patriots who fought for the very freedom he has now are labeled as TERRORIS …
Feds say they disrupted suicide bomb plot by worker at Wichita airportFri Dec 13, 2013
Mandela's freedom fighter days not part of 'saintly' imageSun Dec 15, 2013
- Google the Mandella Necklace and see how peaceful the S0B was. Look at the coming race war with the blacks murdering whites at will all over south Africa, look here in the U.S. at the ghettos, the gang bangers, the rap, the pants around the knees, the crime, the war on white people, the knockout gam …


text:
Hi i have a problem with my code, if anyone here can help.
ok i create a thread that executes a function that receives a browser request and put it in a buffer. I create another thread that read the request from the buffer and sends the correct answer.
The problem is that he never executes the function of read_answer, he passes that function and the prog terminates.
(void *) receive() {
Here i create the socket, make him accept a connection and put the request in a buffer. }
(void *) read_answer() {
Here i read the request and then send the answer.
main() {
pthread_t thread,thread1
pthread_create(&thread, NULL, (void *)&receive,NULL);
pthread_create(&thread1, NULL,(void *)&read_answer,NULL);


text:
Kevin Durant: Potential Superstar?November 4, 2008
The skinny phenom Kevin Durant has slipped under the cracks in his NBA career already.
Although winning Rookie of the Year last season, he hasn't shown his All-Star ability and potential that Texas fans know he has. When will this prodigy step his game up and become a star?
Durant played only one season in College before being drafted into the NBA. In that time he averaged 25.8 points, 11.1 rebounds and almost two blocks per game, being named the Big 12 Tournament Most Valuable Player. At just 18, big things were expected from this kid.
Durant showed in his rookie season that his 74 inch wingspan wasn't there for no reason. He recorded 78 steals and 75 blocks in 80 games.
Along with his defensive skills, Durant proved that he was a consistent scorer averaging 20.3 points per game.
He also had a great free throw percentage shooting 87 percent from the charity strike.
At the 07-08 NBA Combine, Durant wasn't able to put up one rep of 185lbs on the bench press, proving that he didn't have a dominate NBA body entering the season.
During his rookie season he had a field goal percentage of 43 percent and 28 percent from behind the three-point arc. This showed Kevin took too many unnecessary shots.
In addition, Durant averaged only 4.4 boards per game, in contrast to the 11.1 he averaged in college, proving that he was being bullied around the block.
Fantasy Impact:
Kevin Durant is a solid fantasy player because of how much he can score.
His athleticism enables him to steal and block shots which a lot of players at his position cannot do.
His rebounding numbers are below average for his position and his assists are too low to contribute any fantasy impact.
He is worth having as a number two or three guard or forward, depending on eligibility, which is dependent on your fantasy league.
So what exactly is going to happen to Durant this season?
Kevin doesn't look any bigger, muscle-wise, than he did last season. Grabbing more rebounds will clearly be a problem for him, again.
Along with that, his team isn't much of a contender in the Western Conference. He has to step up his game if he wants to get noticed more.
Will Durant become a superstar?
From my point of view, it looks like Durant will never become a superstar.
He is stuck on a team that doesn't have a chance to compete in the Western Conference. The Thunder don't have the potential to make the playoffs for at least another two or three seasons.
Kevin doesn't have All-Star numbers, he needs to grab more boards per game, and he needs major improvement in the assist category, and if he wants to get noticed more, he needs to get his team some wins this season.
Kevin Durant is a solid scorer that has potential to improve, but superstar status is far away for this 20-year-old sophomore.


text:
|Numéro de publication
|Type de publication
|Numéro de demande
|Date de publication
|1 mai 1990
|Date de dépôt
|31 janv. 1989
|Date de priorité
|31 janv. 1989
|État de paiement des frais
|Numéro de publication
|Laurel O. Sillerud, David B. van Hulsteyn
|Cessionnaire d'origine
|The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy
|Exporter la citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citations de brevets (6), Citations hors brevets (34), Référencé par (17), Classifications (10), Événements juridiques (6)
|Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet
This invention relates to noninvasive imaging and, more particular. to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. This invention is the result of a contract with the Department of Energy (Contract No. W-7405-ENG-36).
Noninvasive imaging is a powerful modern tool for determining the spatial distribution of various features and characteristics within intact volumes, such as a human body conventional noninvasive imaging techniques include x-rays, using ionizing radiation, ultrasound, using sound reflections from within the volume, and positron emission tomography, using radioactive tracers. A more recent noninvasive imaging method uses nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), where radio frequency (rf) fields are externally applied to a substance placed in a uniform magnetic field, Bo. The rf fields cause the nuclei in the molecules of the body to be misaligned relative to the applied magnetic field The nuclei return to an equilibrium orientation along the uniform applied field within a short time, typically less than one second. In the process, the nuclei emit radio frequency signals known as free induction decay signals (FID) These signals can be Fourier transformed to yield the desired frequency-domain spectrum.
One effect of the external field, Bo, is to generate a net magnetization, M(r), in the volume of interest. The externally applied rf makes this magnetization time dependent, M(r,t). The time evolution of this magnetization is represented by the Bloch equation, which relates the time rate of change of a sample magnetization to the strength of the applied gradients, the nuclear precession frequency, and the magnitude of the transverse relaxation time: ##EQU1##
Two distinct NMR technologies have developed using the separate terms of Equation (1): NMR spectroscopy and NMR imaging. For spectroscopy, a uniform magnetic field is applied, i.e., G·r=0, and volume-averaged data can be obtained from the measurements of ν in Bo. Thus, by determining the time dependent sample magnetization, the chemical data can be determined from the resulting Fourier transformed frequency-domain output. Only volume-averaged chemical, or functional, data is provided and there is no structural or spatial, resolution of the chemical information.
Conversely, imaging procedures involve the application of gradients to develop spatial resolution through the G·r term. However, the contribution by the ν term is small relative to G·r in most applications of interest and is neglected. NMR imaging uses magnetic gradients to develop NMR response information, generally a proton response, along selected axes from which structural information can be reconstructed using Fourier analysis. No chemical or functional information is provided because the effect of chemical shift (ν) is dominated by G·r. An overview of NMR imaging techniques is provided in P. A. Bottomley, "NMR Imaging Techniques and Applications: A Review," 53 Rev. Sci. Instr., Vol. 9, 13-37. (1982) incorporated herein by reference, which generally discusses imaging techniques using the direct excitation of protons.
It would be highly desirable to obtain imaged chemical, i.e. functional, data. In one particularly useful application, the capability to image particular carbon compounds would provide the capability to study the metabolic processes in living organisms. The time evolution of the metabolism of compounds such as glucose, lactose, and lactate would provide substantial useful information. Carbon forms the backbone element of those metabolites and would provide the most pertinent imaging data. However, the physical principles of NMR make this very difficult. The nucleus of 12 C, the 99% dominant isotope, has spin zero and, hence, no magnetic moment. Further, the 1% naturally abundant, stable, magnetic isotope, 13 C, with a spin of 1/2, has only 1/60 the sensitivity of protons, i.e., hydrogen, the most sensitive stable NMR nucleus and the most prevalent nucleus in living organisms. These two factors combine to make impractical the direct imaging of naturally abundant 13 C.
The relative sensitivity of 13 has been enhanced for NMR spectroscopy by the use of heteronuclear polarization transfer (PT). In this approach, the 13 C atoms are covalently bound to 1 H atoms and cause an electronically transferred splitting of the nuclear resonance of the attached 1 H. The effect of the 13 C nuclei can be decoupled from the proton resonance by applying an rf field resonant with the 13 C nuclei during acquisition of the proton signals. If the 1 H spins are then detected with the 13 C alternately coupled and decoupled, the inferred functional behavior of the 13 C labeled sites can be observed with the increased sensitivity provided by the 1 H nuclei. Heteronuclear polarization transfer methods have been used previously in spectroscopic studies, but not in imaging.
Discussions of NMR spectroscopy may be found in L. W. Jelinski, "Modern NMR Spectroscopy," 62 Chem. Eng. News, 26-47 (Nov. 5, 1984), incorporated herein by reference. For a particular application of polarization transfer (PT) in metabolic spectroscopy, see L. O. Sillerud et al., "High-Resolution Proton NMR Studies of Intracellular Metabolics in Yeast Using 13 C Decoupling," 45 J. Magn. Reson., 142-150 (1981), incorporated herein by reference.
However, obtaining the chemical data provided by PT spectroscopy as a spatially resolved image requires solving, the full Bloch equation (Equation (1)) including both G·r and ν effects. The application of magnetic gradients to a sample volume, which is required to develop imaging information, has a significant effect on the PT-NMR data developed for spectroscopy. The magnetic field gradients introduce a frequency dispersion through the G·r term which is indistinguishable from the chemical shift contribution. Further, the chemical information is smeared by the magnetic field gradients since the characteristic resonance of each nucleus is also a function of the field intensity at a given location. However, PT imaging requires that both spatial and chemical shift information be retained.
In accordance with the present invention, polarization transfer techniques are combined with fast conventional imaging techniques to provide spatially resolved, i.e., imaged, chemical information. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to enable NMR imaging of low sensitivity elements in a background containing a relatively high sensitivity element.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a spatial resolution of the distribution of tracer elements associated with a selected chemical process.
A particular object of the present invention is to provide an image of metabolic processes in living systems.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide for functional NMR imaging which can be done in a time appropriate for observing the selected chemical processes.
To achieve the foregoing and other objects, and in accordance with the purposes of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described herein the method of the present invention generates NMR images containing chemical information. A chemical compound is selected with a functional element related to the desired chemical information and a transfer element for generating an NMR imaging signal. The functional element nuclei and the transfer element nuclei are spin-coupled and covalently bound to define two NMR response peaks separated by a coupling constant under NMR excitation at a first frequency related to the transfer element in the compound. A volume containing the compound is excited with a first pulse at the first frequency to initiate the process. Electromagnetic gradients are applied over the volume which are effective to spatially separate a response of the compound to the first excitation frequency. The volume is then excited in the absence of gradients with a second pulse at a second frequency corresponding to the functional element at a time after the first pulse which is the inverse of the coupling constant. Spatial data with the desired chemical information is then acquired from the excited volume in a conventional manner.
In another characterization of the present invention, NMR images are generated containing chemical information using a chemical compound with a functional element related to the chemical information and a transfer element having nuclei covalently bound and spin-spin coupled to nuclei of the functional element. Sequential radio frequency pulses are applied to the compound at first and second frequencies effective for polarization transfer from the functional element to the transfer element. Magnetic field gradients are applied across a volume containing the compound which are effective to spatially separate a nuclear response of the compound to the first pulse, wherein the second pulse is applied in the absence of the gradients. Spatial data are then acquired from the transfer element which is modulated by chemical data from the functional element.
In a particular characterization of the present invention, a method is provided for generating NMR images containing information on the spatial distribution of a selected carbon-1 H compound containing both 12 C and 13 C. The compound has 13 C-1 H spin-spin coupling which defines a coupling constant J in a volume of interest. The volume containing the compound is excited with the first rf pulse having a first frequency effective to excite 1 H nuclei in the compound. At least one magnetic field gradient is then applied to the volume to spatially separate the response of the 1 H nuclei to the first pulse. The volume is excited with a second rf pulse having a second frequency and a phase effective to distinguish the response of 13 C-coupled 1 H from 12 C-coupled 1 H and applied at a time after the first pulse which is the inverse of the coupling constant J. Spatial data is then acquired which includes the location of carbon in the volume of interest to provide information on the metabolic processes.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of the specification, illustrate the embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a pictorial representation of sample materials oriented in NMR excitation coils to demonstrate the efficacy of the present invention.
FIG. 2 graphically depicts the spectroscopic response of a compound containing 13 C and placed in one of the vials shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a timing diagram of the polarization transfer pulse applications and the imaging gradients application through the coils shown in FIG. 1.
In accordance with the present invention, functional, i.e., chemical information is obtained from polarization transfer and is then spatially resolved to form an image of the functional activity. The coupling constant for resonance splitting induced by the spin-spin coupling of a selected functional element covalently bound to a transfer element in a compound is used to define a magnetic field application scheme which enables the functional element to be imaged within the volume to which the magnetic fields are applied. The coupling constant defines a timing for application of a polarization transfer pulse which causes the nuclear magnetization to refocus at a time determined by the coupling constant for image data acquisition without background contributions. In some instances, the primary functional element has no spin and is not effective for resonance splitting. If so, a tracer functional element with a suitable spin may be found and substituted for at least a portion of the primary functional element.
The present invention uses the fact that the two coupled, split resonances of the transfer element nucleus in a functional-transfer element compound are displaced ±J/2 Hz from the signal of the uncoupled transfer element, where J is the coupling constant. It is generally true for samples of interest that the transverse relaxation time, T2, of the sample is long relative to the imaging time so that its contribution can be neglected. Thus in a one dimensional example, Equation (1) can be integrated to give, ##EQU2## where A=spatial extent of sample in x-direction; and
dν denotes integration over the sample resonances.
Equation (2) relates the magnetization Mo at each point x, and each chemical frequency shift, ν, of a given volume element to the observed NMR signal M(t). The dependence of the signal on y and z is suppressed for simplicity, but is accounted for by the use of a conventional spin warp/slice selection technique as taught by W. Edelstein et al., 25 Phys. Med. Biol., 751 (1980), incorporated herein by reference. Thus, the objective of PT imaging in accordance with the present invention is to extract Mo (x,ν) from Equation (2) and then display the image as a function of x (i.e., spatial resolution) for each frequency ν (i.e., chemical resolution).
For polarization transfer imaging, let the frequency of the decoupled transfer nuclei signals, i.e., the NMR response with no spin coupling, be the reference at ν=0 Hz. The spin-coupled signals are equally spaced by J Hz. In general, a number of shifted response peaks from the spin-spin coupling may arise. However, the two coupled response peaks adjacent the uncoupled response peak are located at ν=±J/2 Hz i.e. the spin 1/2 case, and will be the only peaks considered in the following exemplary analysis. The magnetization of the transfer nuclei that are coupled to the functional or tracer nuclei, is denoted by M01 (x). If a tracer is required, the magnetization of the transfer element nuclei that are not coupled to the primary functional nuclei is designated by M02 (x). With an element decoupling signal applied, M01 M02 and occur at ν=0, and Equation (2) becomes ##EQU3## where α=2πγGx.
The second integral represents all background contributions due to unwanted resonances.
With the decoupling signal OFF, M02 occurs at ν=0 and the two components of M01 are shifted to ν=±J/2: ##EQU4##
For imaging, the magnetization M01 (x) of the labeled molecular sites must be extracted. If the transfer element excitation pulse is applied at t=0 with an applied decoupling pulse the nuclear magnetization will refocus at t=1/J. The application at t=1/J of successive 0° and 180° phase pulses for tracer element excitation will act to select the tracer functional element from the primary functional element response. Evaluating Equations (3) and (4) at t=1/J and then subtracting yields the result: ##EQU5## From this magnetization signal, the image signal M01 (x) is directly computed by Fourier transformation.
It has been recognized for NMR spectroscopy that the coupling constant J can be used to determine a timing sequence in a uniform magnetic field to distinguish a tracer element (13 C) from a primary element (12 C), T. Jue, "Winnowing {13 C}-1 H Resonances in the in Vivo NMR Spectrum," 71 J. Magn. Reson., 339 (1985), incorporated herein by reference. However, it has not been previously recognized that a timing sequence based on the coupling constant J will enable the functional (chemical) nuclei to modulate the spatial data to provide a functional image of the interior of a volume.
In accordance with the present invention, it is further recognized that a timing sequence based on the coupling constant J will enable imaging data to be extracted even in the presence of the gradient fields required for imaging. The effect of the gradient fields on Equations (1)-(4) is to cause a spread in resonance frequencies as a function of the local field, with a concomitant overlap of many frequencies of interest. However, the coupling constant J remains constant, irrespective of the local field intensities, so that the above timing sequence enables the M01 (x) signal to be extracted to form an image with both spatial (structural) and functional (chemical) information.
The application of PT-NMR spectroscopy techniques for enhancing chemical NMR signals for NMR imaging, as herein described, requires the recognition of additional techniques to provide for signal selection while providing spatial information. These techniques include:
1. The elimination of imaging gradients during signal acquisition except for the gradient which serves to refocus the magnetization.
2. The application of the rf pulses for tracer or functional nuclear excitation only when the gradients are off to obtain the nuclear phasing needed to distinguish the tracer element from adjacent resonances.
3. The selection of an excitation sequence effective to excite the element of interest and suppress other excitations.
4. The selection of a sequence to provide signals within the dynamic range of the detection equipment.
As discussed above, a particularly useful application of PT-NMR imaging is to image metabolic activity in living systems. However, living systems are predominantly water, which provides structural images and has a very large 1 H response. Other elements essential to metabolism, such as carbon, which has relatively low 13 C abundance and low sensitivity, are difficult to image directly. Thus, protons which are bound to 13 C must be distinguished from the protons which are in water, bound to 12 C, or bound to other elements. The use of 13 C as a tracer element can be enhanced by introducing materials which are enriched with 13 C and which are involved in a metabolic process. Water signals can be first suppressed and then eliminated in accordance with the present invention.
To demonstrate the capabilities of the present technique, a 13 C signal was imaged and differentiated from an adjacent water sample by using heteronuclear spin coupling of 13 C to protons to edit the proton image and select only those protons covalently bound to 13 C. The sample used in the following example contained 10-2 mol of 13 C , approximately the amount that would be present in the 1.4 kg brain of an adult human male weighing 70 kg.
FIG. 1 schematically depicts the orientation of the samples within the NMR coils. The samples consisted of two polyethylene scintillation vials 25 mm in diameter, one vial 10 containing ten ml of a 1.0M solution of sodium [13 C (99 +%)]formate in water and vial 12 containing 7.8 ml of distilled, deionized water. The spectra and images were obtained with a GE 4.7 T CSI NMR system. Protons were detected using a 17.0 cm diameter GE birdcage coil 14 tuned to 200 MHz, while 13 C rf at 50.3 MHz was applied to the samples through the 3.0 cm, balanced, two-turn surface coil 16. The samples were placed on top of surface coil 16 and the assembly was inserted orthogonal to bird cage proton coil 14. In this example, the total sample diameter was larger then the diameter of the 13 C coil. It is normally preferred to have the surface coil 16 diameter larger than the sample diameter for full sample magnetization.
FIG. 2 graphically depicts the proton NMR spectrum at 200 MHz of the sodium [13 ] formate sample of vial 10. The large carbon-induced spin-spin splitting (1 JCH =201.3 Hz) of the formate nonexchangeable proton resonance is centered at 8.4 ppm. The spectrum was obtained using a 1331 water suppression sequence, as taught by P. J. Hore 55 J. Magn. Res., 283 (1983), coupled with receiver phase cycling and acquisition of the 13 C echo difference. The partially suppressed solvent water signal is shown at 4.8 ppm; the suppression factor was about 600.
An image of vials 10 and 12 was formed using the sequence of magnetizing fields shown in FIG. 3. The application of gradients Gx, Gz, and Gy, provides a basic gradient-recalled echo imaging sequence which is merged with a PT activation sequence for the 1 H and carbon elements. The magnitudes of gradients Gx, Gy, and Gz are routinely, selected based on the sample volume and the specific imaging routine to be used. A WALTZ-16 13 C decoupling sequence, as taught A. J. Shaka, 52 J. Magn. Reson., 335(1983), was used with a 90° pulse of 250 μs and a decoupler power of 105 W, with a bandwidth of 2 kHz. The echo time was 5 ms, the time after application of the 13 C pulses, equal to the time interval between the 1 H and the 13 C pulses and the inverse of the coupling constant, with an acquisition time of 2.4 ms. A single signal scan was accumulated for the standard proton image and 100 scans were accumulated for the Polarization transfer image 50 with a receiver phase of 0° and 50, with a 180° phase shift. An image of 128 by 128 pixels was formed with a total experiment time of 16 min. In this embodiment the time-domain data was multiplied by a trapezoid that linearly increased from 0 to 1 in the first 33 data points remained constant at 1 for the next 64 points, and dropped from 1 to 0 in the last 32 points, for a data set of 128 acquired points. The standard proton image was also obtained using a gradient-refocused echo sequence with a slice thickness of 20 mm, using a 2 ms sync pulse and an echo time (5 ms) the same as that for the polarization transfer image.
It will be appreciated from FIG. 1 that 1 H and 13 C excitation pulses are separated by time τ, which is the inverse of the coupling constant of 201.3 Hz, shown in FIG. 2. Gradient fields Gx and Gz are applied between the application of the decoupled proton pulse and the 13 C pulses. The proton pulse is applied during a uniform magnetic field in order to effect the entire volume. Thereafter gradient fields Gx and Gz are applied to spatially separate the proton response within the volume. The gradient fields are again returned to a uniform field and the 13 C pulses are alternately applied with a 0° phase and 180° phase in order to select the response of those molecules containing 13 C from molecules containing 12 C and from the response of any other compound which may be present with a coupling constant close to the sample coupling constant. The phased 13 C pulses at time τ provide the phase relationship shown by Equations (3), (4) and (5) whereby the acquisition of the signals at echo time τ provides only the proton response which is coupled to 13 C. A standard broadband 13 C decoupling pulse is applied during signal acquisition.
The applied proton pulse is a water suppression pulse, i.e., an excitation pulse having 1331 sequence, as herein above discussed. The water suppression sequence along with the exclusion of protons not bound to the functional atom provides virtually a total exclusion of background water response while limiting the required system dynamics to the expected signal of interest. In the absence of an initial water suppression, the signal dynamics would have to provide for the enormous response of protons in the background water molecules.
The experimental arrangement shown in FIG. 1 was used to obtain three images designed to demonstrate chemical imaging using the imaging sequence according to the present invention: (1) a standard proton imaging sequence: (2) the polarization transfer sequence shown in FIG. 3 with the 13 C pulses applied; and (3) the polarization transfer sequence shown in FIG. 3 done with the 13 C pulses off. Broadband 13 C decoupling was used during acquisition for both the polarization transfer images. All of the images obtained were projections of the sample spin density onto the x, z imaging plane. The standard proton image sequence provided an image from the water and the water and formate in the two vials. The polarization transfer {13 C}-1 H image of the same pair of samples with the 13 C pulses applied shows only a signal from the [13 C] formate sample, with no image of the vial containing only water. When the 13 C pulses were not applied during the polarization transfer sequence, neither vial appeared in the resulting image. The polarization transfer imaging sequence (FIG. 3) resulted in the selection of only signals from the protons that were spin-coupled to the 13 C , showing excellent rejection of the water-only signal to demonstrate the efficacy of the polarization transfer imaging sequence.
From the difference in the number of scans (1/100). the concentrations of image protons (1/110), and the relative signal-to-noise ratios (12/139) of the images, it is estimated that the 13 C is being imaged with virtually the sensitivity of the protons. With the 13 C pulses turned off and the polarization transfer sequence repeated, no image was obtained from either vial, indicating that there is good cancellation of proton signals from the background of coupled proton spins.
These results demonstrate that the NMR images of selected functional elements can be obtained using the polarization transfer technique to substantially enhance the sensitivity of detecting the functional elements. The particular example demonstrates the capability of the approach for observing spatially resolved metabolic processes.
The images obtained using the above experimental process can be substantially enhanced. One sensitivity enhancement would provide continuous 13 C decoupling to obtain an Overhauser enhancement of about 23%. Further, the specific gradient applications hereinabove discussed are not an inherent limitation of the polarization transfer imaging approach. The only requirement is that the magnetic field be uniform during application of the functional nucleus, e.g., 13 C, excitation pulses so that signal phasing is effective for chemically modulated imaging data to be extracted. In addition, in a metabolic process imaging application, the exact chemical species to be used for imaging would be determined by that process.
The sequence herein described is generally applicable to homo- or heteronuclear compounds which exhibit resonance splitting with a coupling constant between the two resonance peaks. The metabolic imaging case is a stringent imaging situation where the background materials include large amounts of the transfer element, i.e., 1 H, and a tracer element, i.e., 13 C , is required since the primary element, i.e., 12 C has no spin. The technique, as illustrated in Equations (2)-(5), does not require this stringent environment.
While only one example of PT-NMR imaging is set forth above, it will be appreciated that the principles illustrated by the reference are applicable to numerous variations:
1. Homo-nuclear imaging may be used with certain compounds, e.g., glucose and lactate. In these compounds, the 1 H bonds at different locations give rise to resonance splitting with concomitant coupling constants to enable the chemically modulated imaging to be obtained.
2. Hetero-nuclear compounds with protons 13 C is not the only functional element useful in PT-NMR imaging. For example, selective irradiation of a boron hydride can provide images of boron isotopes at specific body locations for cancer treatment. PT-NMR imaging using 11 B-1 H spin coupling could provide specific location information for focusing a neutron source on the boron compound. If functional imaging of nitrogen is desired, a 15 N-1 H spin coupling can be used with a suitable compound, e.g., ammonia. In one further example, water could be expressly imaged, where 17 O-1 H spin coupling is used.
3. Hetero-nuclear compounds with x nuclei. In some instances, PT-NMR imaging can be used without protons, where elements are spin-spin coupled and one element has a gyromagnetic ratio, γ, greater than the spin coupled element. For example, arginine, an amino acid, or urea could be PT-NMR imaged using 13 C-15 N spin coupling. 13 C would be an appropriate transfer element for use with 19 F in, e.g., trifluoroacetic acid. In these instances, PT speeds up the imaging process through the higher sensitivity nuclei and renders "imageable" nuclear species which cannot practically be imaged using direct imaging methods.
4. Slice-selection PT-NMR imaging can be obtained by applying the transfer nucleus excitation pulse in the presence of a gradient. Only a small volume normal to the gradient, i.e., a slice will be in resonance to be excited by the rf frequency in the pulse.
5. Reverse PT-NMR imaging. While it is usually most advantageous to provide polarization transfer from the low γ nuclei to the high γ nuclei and thereby image the low γ nuclei with the enhanced sensitivity of the high γ species, it may be advantageous to reverse the polarization transfer, i.e., from the high γ nuclei to the low nuclei. According to the present invention reverse imaging is obtained by first exciting the low γ nuclei and then exciting the high γ nuclei after the imaging gradients are removed.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto.
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|Classification aux États-Unis
|324/307, 324/309
|Classification internationale
|Classification coopérative
|Classification européenne
|22 mars 1989
Owner name: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE, AS REPRESENTED BY T
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|29 oct. 1993
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|3 mai 1998
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|14 juil. 1998
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text:
You've found our old catalog! Check out our current camps and classes at omsi.edu/summer.
Crazy Constellations
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Grade Level(s)
2nd — 3rd
2nd — 3rd
Before & After Care
For summer classes, before care (7:30–9:00 a.m.) and after care (4:00–6:00 p.m.) are available at both OMSI and Jesuit High School locations.
Lions and warriors and sea creatures, oh my! The night sky is teeming with legends. Do you know how high you can jump on the Moon? Or how to tell time with the sun and stars? Unlock the stories of your favorite constellations—and the science behind them—this summer in the OMSI Physics Lab and Kendall Planetarium.
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text:
Nationals believe Winn would fit on bench
Nationals believe Winn would fit on bench
LAKE BUENA VISTA, Fla. -- Looking to strengthen their bench, the Nationals may show interest in outfielder Randy Winn, according to a baseball source.
Some members of the Nationals believe that Winn, 36, will accept a role off the bench. Washington had interest in Winn last year before he reached a deal with the Yankees.
This past season, Winn spent a portion of his time on the bench. He played in a combined 116 games for the Yankees and Cardinals and hit .239 with four home runs and 24 RBIs.
The Nationals most likely will not seek bench help until after the Winter Meetings come to an end.


text:
Comfort Inn Salt Lake City Airport
Select your stay dates to check availability
Comfort Inn Salt Lake City Airport
About the hotel
Property Location
With a stay at Comfort Inn Salt Lake City Airport in Salt Lake City, you'll be near the airport and close to Wingpointe Golf Course. This hotel is within the vicinity of Rocky Mountain Raceway and Utah State Fairpark.
Make yourself at home in one of the 155 air-conditioned rooms featuring refrigerators and flat-screen televisions. Pay movies and DVD players are provided for your entertainment, while complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected. Bathrooms have complimentary toiletries and hair dryers. Conveniences include desks and complimentary weekday newspapers, as well as phones with free local calls.
Rec, Spa, Premium Amenities
Enjoy a range of recreational amenities, including a spa tub, a sauna, and a fitness center. Additional amenities include complimentary wireless Internet access, ski storage, and a fireplace in the lobby.
Satisfy your appetite at the hotel's restaurant, which serves lunch and dinner, or stay in and take advantage of room service (during limited hours). Mingle with other guests at a complimentary reception, held daily. Quench your thirst with your favorite drink at a bar/lounge.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include complimentary high-speed (wired) Internet access, a business center, and a computer station. A roundtrip airport shuttle is complimentary (available on request).
Hotel Facilities
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text:
Press Release: Statement by IMF Staff Mission to Swaziland
November 28, 2006Press Release No. 06/265
The following statement was issued today in Mbabane by an International Monetary Fund (IMF) staff mission:
"The IMF mission visited Mbabane during November 16-27 to conduct the 2006 Article IV consultation discussions with Swaziland. It reviewed economic developments and prospects and discussed the authorities' policy intentions. The mission thanks the Swazi authorities and officials for their help in facilitating the discussions and for the frank and cordial exchange of views.
"Economic growth in Swaziland has weakened over the past decade. Real GDP growth in 2006 is estimated at about 2 percent, slightly lower than the 2005 level, reflecting the return of agricultural production to trend, after a drought in 2005; and a pick up in the retail and construction sectors following government salary increases. Inflation is forecast to rise to 5.4 percent by end-year as food prices continue to rise. Despite the depreciation of the rand, the external current account surplus declined from 3.1 percent of GDP in 2005 to an estimated 1.6 ercent in 2006, as export growth slowed in the face of the elimination of textile quotas.
"To improve the near and medium term macroeconomic outlook, the mission recommended a wide range of reforms to accelerate growth, and make progress towards poverty reduction. The mission considered that the key policy challenges facing the Swazi authorities were to restore fiscal sustainability and external competitiveness. They noted that key priorities included: (i) fiscal consolidation with an immediate reduction of the fiscal deficit and, in the medium-term, the size of government operations; (ii) structural reforms of the financial sector to improve the regulatory and supervisory framework; (iii) improved effectiveness of government operations through reorientation of expenditure to priority sectors; and (iv) structural reforms to improve the investment climate and increase Swaziland's competitive advantage.
"The IMF welcomes the authorities commitment to reforms, and stands ready to work with them in the implementation of the above reform strategy and looks forward to continued policy dialogue in the period ahead.
"The IMF advises and assists member countries in implementing economic and financial policies that promote stability, reduce vulnerability to crisis, and encourage sustained growth and high living standards. As such, it is an apolitical institution and does not get involved in predicting election outcomes in any member country. In this context, the mission is concerned that comments of a political nature from recent reports of a UK-based newsletter were incorrectly attributed to the Fund in a local newspaper."
|Public Affairs
|Media Relations


text:
Hi there,
could you please tell me what would be the function to get the link for the first image of a slideshow attached to a portfolio item?
I need it for a Template. I could add an Article-Image to a portfolio item by customizing the post-type, but i have the slideshow… so it would be easier if some way would exist to access the first image (no effects, no slideshow… just the image).
I appreciate any help
Not sure if I am following you correctly but would it be more convenient if you add another same image via post editor?
I need a php function to access the first image of the slideshow.
I am writing a template that lists clients. Each client is connected with several portfolio items. Therefor i registered new custom post types and linked them with the portfolio items. Everything works fine.
Now i got a page with my client logos. If you click on a client logo, a list with all portfolio items connected with this client appears. And i like to have one picture for every portfolio item here. So i need to know how to access them. I got the loop, i got access to the portfolio items. But how can i extract the first item of the slideshow?
within the loop… i need to do:
-insert ideas here-
I solved this one by myself.
The topic 'Function to get the first image of a slideshow of a post!' is closed to new replies.


text:
Legal Question in Family Law in Illinois
child custdoy
How can i get custdoy of my 2 kids
Asked on 2/21/09, 12:38 pm
1 Answer from Attorneys
John Steele Steele Law Firm
Re: child custdoy
That question is a bit broad and lacking in details wouldn't you say? A general answer to your question is you get custody through the courts.
Answered on 2/21/09, 9:06 pm


text:
Career Goals
Songwriter Gary Burr tries his hand at being a sideman
By Beverly Keel
NOVEMBER 9, 1998: Although his songs have topped the country charts for most of the '90s, it was only recently that Gary Burr achieved one of his lifelong dreams--being a sideman in a rock 'n' roll band.
This wasn't just any band, though. It was the group that recently backed former Beatle Ringo Starr. Although Starr has toured internationally with his All-Star Band--which includes Nashvillian Peter Frampton--he didn't have a band to back him for his recent appearances on VH-1 Storytellers and The Late Show With David Letterman. Producer/songwriter Mark Hudson called Burr and asked if he would like to become an official guitarist for Ringo and the Roundheads.
"I said, 'Well, what are we talking about financially?' " Burr recalls. "He said $3,000, and I said, 'I can afford that. Will Ringo take a check?'
"We went on Letterman and played one of the old hits, his first No. 1 post-Beatles. We're trying to talk him into taking us and doing a little tour after the first of the year. I would do it in a heartbeat. I owe him--I owe those four guys my career. So whatever Ringo needs, he's got it from me."
While Burr, a former member of the Pure Prairie League, is used to being in the spotlight as a performer and writer, he really enjoyed being a sideman. "I love it because there's no pressure on you," he says. "All you have to do is do your job. You don't have to do all of the dog-and-pony show. It really is like a vacation.
"I don't take a lot of mental vacations where I'm not writing or thinking about my career. It's a great release for me to go and do something like this, where all I've got to worry about is what time to be down in the lobby, and when you go on stage, don't screw up."
Burr will take center stage at the Bluebird Cafe Saturday night to showcase his own versions of songs that have become career hits for other acts. Among the Burr-penned songs audience members might expect to hear: "On the Side of Angels" (a hit for Le Ann Rimes), "Till You Love Me" (Reba McEntire), "To Be Loved By You" (Wynonna), "What Mattered Most" (Ty Herndon), and "Sure Love" (Hal Ketchum). The show's format, however, depends on Burr's mood: One night he might perform all of his hits reggae-style; on other nights, the audience will select song titles from a jar.
"I like to try out new songs that I've just written," he says. "If I write a song that day, I'll chart it out and hand it to the band and say, 'OK, I want y'all in by the end of the first verse.' And sure enough, they're so good that they're playing along by the end of the first verse."
In January, Burr will join Nashvillians Matraca Berg, Jeff Hanna, Beth Nielsen Chapman, Raul Malo, and a host of rock and pop stars for "Music Bridge Over Troubled Waters," a goodwill music exchange program in Havana, Cuba. "You're sitting there and some of them barely speak English, and here you are writing songs," says Burr, who participated in similar trips to Romania and Bali. "It's very heartwarming, and you really feel like you make a difference in these people's lives and they make a difference in ours."
Despite having had more than 100 songs cut and having been voted Country Songwriter of the Year for three consecutive years, Burr still reports to his MCA Music Publishing office five days a week; he writes between 15 and 20 songs a month. "My whole life, I've always treated it the way my Dad always treated his job: I write every day, and I write with a different person every day. It sure beats having a regular day job, but I still treat it as a job because that's the way I get the best out of my brain."
Many country purists have been critical of Music Row's songwriting process, which has transformed over the last couple of decades from late-night whiskey-drenched barroom sessions to midday appointments in corporate offices. While the current MO has been fruitful for Burr, he agrees with the critics. "It shouldn't be like stamping out tin cans, and if it becomes that, I'll stop," he says. "But if I wasn't working at MCA, I'd be at home, and every day I'd sit with a guitar in my lap to see what happens. Why does that get tainted just because suddenly I'm a 'staff writer'?"
Burr has also stepped into the producer's chair for the Disney Country project and hopes to tackle more production jobs. "I would definitely like to do more than I'm doing," says Burr. "At this point in my life, all of these things--writing, playing, and producing--fall under the same umbrella: the music business. I love all of it.
"When I was 15 or 16, it was just like Disney World out there. I just wanted to ride all the rides, and that's what I'm doing. You don't want to ride the roller coaster exclusively, or you'll throw up."
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Ukraine's Wladimir Klitschko is confident of an exciting fight when he puts his world heavyweight title on the line against Alex Leapai.
Klitschko, who holds the WBO, WBA, IBF, IBO and The Ring heavyweight championships, faces Leapai on April 26 in Oberhausen, Germany.
MORE: Boxing schedule; Mayweather-Maidana and Pacquiao pipedream
Leapai earned a shot at the belt after becoming the mandatory WBO challenger with a surprise win over Denis Boytsov last November.
Samoan-Australian Leapai heads into the fight ceding height and weight advantages to Klitschko, making him the underdog for the clash at the Konig-Pilsener-Arena.
But Klitschko is expecting his 16th title defense to be a challenging one.
"Maybe he's an underdog, maybe an underdog for this fight, but what we're going to see from Alex Leapai on the 26th of April is pure violence," Klitschko said.
"I think it's going to be challenging. As I said he has some downsides but also some really strong sides. It's going to be challenging for me because of the size difference and his desire to win.
"I could tell when I saw it at the press conference, he's determined and really wants to make it happen and I look forward to it and it's going to be an exciting night.
"It's not going to be boring. That fight is not going to be boring at all."
Klitschko also insisted that he is relishing the extra pressure on his shoulders following the retirement of older brother Vitali.
"Vitali retired recently. So now the whole focus is back on one of the Klitschko brothers," he added. "But I love this pressure, it's a certain weird pressure.
"I know how to handle it, I know what to do with it, it's a great motivation actually for me.
"In a certain way, I'm still fighting for two. We are sharing the same family name. It became a brand with different sides in it. I'm looking forward to achieving my goals and be challenged by the guys that are out there."


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And After that…Part 2
Posted on June 8, 2014 by CJE
Howdy Scribes! Sorry for the delay in the next posting of After That, after your submissions the winning choice was for our intrepid ring raider to brave the sewers, lets see how it goes then shall we? And After That…Part 2 … Continue reading →
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Citing a DigiTimes report, Christian Today's Azalea Pena notes that Apple's fixing to release a new 12-inch MacBook Air to be built by longtime Apple collaborator Quanta Computer. However, Digitimes' anonymous sources have not heard any additional changes coming to the 11- and 13-inch MacBook Air products, which received a mild upgrade recently that included a small speed bump from 1.3 to 1.4 GHz and a $100 price cut.
Reportedly with iPad sales to some degree cannibalizing MacBook sales, Apple has determined that the best strategy is to "establish a clear boundary between the two product lines."
There's no announcement as yet, but the 11-inch MacBook Air may well be on the bubble, and it's reasonable to speculate it will be eventually phased out in favor of the new 12- inch machine, which is expected to have a Retina resolution display. The non-retina panel in the current 11-inch MacBook Air gets lukewarm reviews at best. On the other hand, Apple is unlikely to be able to sell Retina MacBooks for $899.00.
Other reported distinctions for the 12-inch MacBook Air are a redesign for the internal layout and changes to the battery, but in general it is expected to carry over the nearly four-year-old second generation MacBook Air unibody aluminum design.
According to International Business Times' Precious Silva, Quanta Computer has also been contracted to develop a 12-inch iPad. Silva cites KGI Securities analyst Ming-Chi Kuo—who has a good track record for accuracy predicting Apple product releases—commenting: "With the 12.9-inch iPad, we think Apple will come up with a new user interface that's more innovative and intuitive, so that input will be as efficient as a device with keyboard." Mr. Kuo doesn't expect the iPad Pro to be released until 2015, but had previously indicated that the new 12- inch MacBook Air will combine the performance of the 13-inch Air with the portability of the 11-inch variant, and add Retina technology.
We might also deduce that by getting the 12-inch MacBook Air out first, it will help minimize the cannibalization impact a 12-inch iPad will inevitably have on sales of particularly a similar sized Apple laptop.


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Join South Africa's only import sourcing show for the
clothing, textile, footwear and fashion accessory industries.
The main objective of the event is to offer foreign manufacturers as well as local importers and service providers in these industries an opportunity to make contact with Southern African buyers from chain stores, independent retailers, mini chains, boutiques, wholesalers, agents as well as factory/production managers and other important industry decision makers. View and compare a vast range of products and services from around the world including South Africa, India, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Belarus, Estonia, etc. The products on display will include womenswear, menswear, childrenswear, footwear, fashion accessories, home textiles and made-ups, clothing fabrics, yarn, thread, machinery, trims and much more. The Event will once again take place at the world class Cape Town International Convention Centre. The venue is centrally located and within minutes of the popular Victoria & Alfred Waterfront which features a multitude of entertainment, dining and leisure facilities. More than 95% of South Africa's chain store buying head offices are based in Cape Town which has been voted the most popular tourist destination in Africa. Cape Town hosts over 20 of South Africa's national chain stores, upwards of 30 mini and regional chains, and many independent retailers and importers.
Why Exhibit
• Network and make contact with
new potential buyers
• Re-inforce business with existing customers
• Meet local agents and buyers looking for new suppliers
• Explore business opportunities in Southern Africa
• Research and compare pricing during the event
• Interact with other industry professionals and media
• The Event provides a one-stop-shop for sourcing executives to view products and services from around the world
The Visitors
Chain Stores – Sourcing Heads, Buyers, Merchandisers, Technologists
Independent Retailers, Fashion Boutiques, Mini-Chains, Sports Retailers – Owners, Buyers, Merchandisers, Designers
Manufacturers – CEO's, Managing Directors, Fabric and Trim Buyers, Production/Factory Managers
Agents, Importers, Distributors and Wholesalers
Buyer Focus
To attract even more quality people to the show, we encourage exhibitors to participate in the complimentary VIP Buyer Invitation campaign. We will invite your top 100 customers or prospects on your behalf to come and enjoy a mouth watering breakfast in the Hall on one of the show days. We will also email each person a week prior to the show to remind them to visit your stand.


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Please remember to add a category to the bottom of each page that you create.
See categories help for further details, but most will probably be [[Category:HTC ModelName]].
SE Xperia X8
|SE Xperia X8
|Model Number: See Page
Sony Ericsson XPERIA X8 / E15i (SE Shakira)
- Everything. With just one hand
Busy? Do lots more. You only need one hand to use your phone. Reach any app you like. Through the four corners on your home screen. And enjoy a latte in the other. Then play, listen, mail, tweet. With the touch a thumb. On a phone with a really snug fit.
- Put everything where you want it
What do you like best? Facebook? YouTube? Music? Make the four corners of your home screen personal with great entertainment and your favourite apps from Android Market™. Flick through the widgets you want with your thumb and put them in the centre of your homescreen.
- One place. All your friends
Which friends are going to the 80s party? And who's having a quiet night in? With Timescape it's easy to see what all your friends are up to, every minute of the day. Facebook™, Tweets, messages, missed calls - all in one app, with the latest event at the top.
On a rooted X8, a lot of modifications can be made. The method to root depends on the ROM.
- SE Xperia X8 forums
- Xperia X8 General
- Xperia X8 Q&A
- Xperia X8 Accessories
- Xperia X8 Android Development
- Xperia X8 Themes and Applications
- Official Website
- PDA DB Information
- GSM Arena Full phone specifications
- Skalshop sells hardware parts for the X8
Most info for the Xperia X10 Mini applies to this phone.


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Adele's James Bond theme "Skyfall" finally made its debut after months of speculation that the British singer was confirmed for the spot — along with hopes that she'd do anything at all this year.
The 24-year-old spent many weeks this year at the Nos. 1-3 slots on The Billboard 200 album sales chart with her album "21," but activity from her camp has been put on hold due to an extensive recovery period after throat surgery, scant appearances around her multiple Grammy wins and then the announcement that she was pregnant with her first child. She and her fiancee have been hush-hush about the baby's due date, but even after she gives birth, she's planning on an extensive holiday.
This is all to say: fans of Adele know that "Skyfall" is likely to be the only thing new from the singer for some time. And like many agree, this is the best James Bond anthem in years. It is also harmless, which all together helps prime the single to be extremely successful.
Clear Channel stations, in one of their new maneuvers to amp-up breaking singles, are playing "Skyfall" every hour on the hour at supporting radio formats (pop, adult pop and adult contemporary). It's stayed put at No. 1 on iTunes, fueled in part by its pre-sale gate-lift on Monday. According to Billboard, digital sales altogether are projected at a around 200,000 by the end of Sunday night. For the record, this week's No. 1 and No. 2 tracks (Maroon 5's "One More Night" and PSY's "Gangnam Style," respectively) had 294,000 and 181,000 in digital sales. So you have some idea where that puts Adele in regard to those points.
Sunday night is the cutoff for a chart and sales week, which might hurt Adele's "Skyfall" chances of reaching the tippy-top of Billboard's Hot 100 hits chart in its first week. (That chart is out next Thursday, with previews on Wednesday). So while it may not make it to No. 1 or the top 10 immediately, "Skyfall" still has a good chance of getting up there in it's second week, as it will have a full week of purchase and radio spins, in addition to whatever integration it will have in the James Bond movie's marketing and promotions, and then that Nov. 9 premiere…
The more popular a song is, the more it gets picked up, by terrestrial radio, streaming services, you name it. That is, until people burn out on it, which is what you can say about any ol' chart-topper. No matter how it fares, Columbia Records is probably drinking champagne all weekend. (Except for the interns, ya'll are working for college credit.)
In the meantime, Adele can be Number One in your hearts, all you lovers out there. You're gonna need something to fill the hole once "Gangnam Style" makes its exit.


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Square Enix has confirmed some of the new content players of Final Fantasy XIV: A Realm Reborn can expect in the excellent MMORPG's next major content update, Patch 2.3.
The details will be divulged in an upcoming Letter from the Producer LIVE, in which producer Naoki Yoshida (Yoshi-P) will take to Nagoya, Japan to speak to fans and answer questions to the best of his ability. In fact, you can submit questions right now via the Final Fantasy XIV forums, or during the livestream itself. It will air on May 24, 2014, at 4:00 am PDT on Twitch, YouTube, and NicoNico.
But right now, we know many of the topics Yoshi-P will discuss before fielding questions. First up: the expansion of the Zodiac Weapons quest, which allows players to acquire a legendary Relic weapon and upgrade it over a series of long adventures. Patch 2.28 will add the "Novus" branch of the quest, complementing the current "Zenith," "Atma," and "Animus" sequential upgrades. We're also expecting the Atma and Animus portions of the quest to be re-balanced amidst a storm of negative fan feedback about the lengthy grind and random chance involved.
As for Patch 2.3, the biggest news is Ramuh, a Final Fantasy mainstay--Lord of Levin and arbiter of destruction through cataclysmic lightning and storms. In A Realm Reborn, Ramuh will be summoned by the Sylphs, and the main story will task players with ending his threat to Eorzea and the Black Shroud forests. The last major update, Patch 2.2: Through the Maelstrom, introduced both a story mode fight and extreme difficulty battle with Leviathan; it's not a left-field call to say we might get the same for Ramuh in 2.3.
A couple weeks back, Yoshi-P mentioned that Summoners would be getting new pets in the form of Leviathan-Egi and Ramuh-Egi. We could see those summons introduced here, alongside balance changes to the existing Ifrit-Egi, Garuda-Egi, and Titan-Egi, but that also seems like the kind of content one might reserve for a raise to the level cap with a full expansion.
In any case, Patch 2.3 will also bring three new dungeons: Hullbreaker Isle, The Tam-Tara Deepcroft (Hard), and The Stone Vigil (Hard). I'm curious to see how the difficulty and length of these new joints will compare to the current 'Expert' class dungeons Brayflox Longstop (Hard), Halatali (Hard), and The Lost City of Amdapor, all of which are staples for high-level players chasing new gear and preparing for end-game raids.
On the feature side, Patch 2.3 will add Item Desynthesis, by which crafters can gain back materials from breaking down creations, and Daily Hunts. It's unknown whether the latter will apply to all players or just Level 50 classes, but I'm hoping for some boosts to reputation with Beast Tribes on top of probable Gil, EXP, and Tomes of Mythology rewards.
Whatever gets revealed, clarified, and answered in Yoshi-P's livestream on May 24, PSU will cover it, so stay tuned for all your Final Fantasy XIV: A Realm Reborn news and let us know what YOU want to see in upcoming updates.


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The Masinloc plant is about 250 kilometers north of Manila and supplies electricity to the capital.
The US-based AES Corporation won the right to acquire the 660 megawatt (MW) Masinloc plant through international competitive bidding for the price of $930 million. The cost to buy, rehabilitate, and operate the plant is being financed through equity investments and subordinated loans of $400 million from US-based AES Corporation and $35 million from the International Financing Corporation (IFC). ADB's loan of $200 million accounts for 32% of its debt. The balance is being provided by the IFC and four commercial banks.
AES has paid 100% of the purchase price to the Government to complete the acquisition in one step. It will invest $47 million in the plant's rehabilitation, which will improve its operating efficiency and bring its environmental, health and safety performance up to global standards.
"This will save coal and reduce carbon dioxide and other emissions," Ms. Fukaya said. "It will also diversify the electricity generation market in the Philippines, thereby promoting competition and helping reduce power rates in the long run."
The Philippines has some of the highest electricity prices regionally. The Government embarked on a market-orientated reform program in 2001 and introduced the wholesale electricity market. AES will sell the output of the Masinloc plant through the wholesale electricity market both on a spot or 'merchant' basis and under long-term contracts. AES has considerable experience in the 'merchant' power business worldwide. As the Philippine electricity market deepens, AES intends to offer more sophisticated risk mitigation products to customers.
Masinloc is the eighth and largest power plant to be privatized out of a total of 31 plants identified to be sold. Sale of the Masinloc plant will bring in $930 million to the Government. It will help boost market confidence and encourage further privatizations of assets belonging to the state-owned National Power Corporation.
With electricity demand on the Philippines' main island of Luzon increasing by about 11% last year, an estimated $1.7 billion is needed to finance the construction of new power plants in coming years.
Once rehabilitated, electricity output at Masinloc will nearly double and the plant is estimated to have a lifespan of 40 years.


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Alex (Adam Scott), Emily (Taylor Schilling), and their son, RJ, have recently moved to Los Angeles' Eastside from Seattle. Feeling lost in a new city, they are desperate to find their first new friends. After a chance meeting with Kurt (Jason Schwartzman) at the neighbourhood park, they gladly agree to join family pizza night at the home with Kurt and Charlotte (Judith Godrèche). But as it gets later and the kids go to bed, the family "playdate" becomes increasingly more revealing and bizarre as the couples begin to open up.
Certificate: 15 Comedy
Dir. Patrick Brice, US, 2015, 79 mins
Cast: Adam Scott, Taylor Schilling, Jason Schwartzman


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But Toyota was confident of maintaining market leadership in Australia, and the company's profitability would improve.
Mr Okada, a former chief of Toyota's operation in China, sounded a clear warning. "We must ensure that Toyota Australia holds a competitive advantage over our Chinese affiliate, which is preparing for the start of Camry production in 2006."
He was not specific about the threat, but Toyota Australia's exports to the Middle East are subject to wide fluctuations against the US dollar, while the Chinese currency is effectively pegged. This makes the company's 65,000-car export trade vulnerable.
Last year there was speculation about the future of the Altona plant in Melbourne when the trade agreement with the US was taking shape, on suggestions a Kentucky Camry plant might supply the Middle East more cheaply. Toyota Australia dismissed the threat, saying it was competing "extremely effectively" globally.
Mr Okada said yesterday he did not want to be the president who lost Toyota's market leadership in Australia. "The Australian economy will be stable for four or five years and I want to increase our sales volume to retain our No.1 position."
He dismissed the notion that Toyota was "buying" market leadership through price competition at the expense of profit.
"We are focusing on customer satisfaction . . . If we can maintain sales volumes, then the profits will follow, I believe."
Celebrating the production of the 2 millionth Toyota made in Australia yesterday, Victorian Premier Steve Bracks said taxpayers were getting good value from the billions of dollars they had invested in the car industry.


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With 106 points, the Washington Capitals are runaway leaders in their division, conference and overall NHL standings.
They play with confidence and flair, score in bunches and, at odds of 7-2, show all the signs of being legitimate Stanley Cup favourites.
But it all means nothing if they cant keep the puck out of their own net a month from now.
Caps coach Bruce Boudreau doesnt want to jinx his team nor does he want to go into the postseason with uncertainty, as he did a year ago. But the recent play of Jose Theodore is starting to inspire some confidence.
The way hes playing, he certainly is, Boudreau said when asked whether Theodore is making his case. Hes in a groove and hes playing with a lot of confidence. Touch wood ... I dont want to say anything to spoil it.
In his past 18 games, Theodore is 16-0-2 and playing with the confidence that sometimes betrayed him last year.
He was replaced, remember, after one game in the Caps playoffs run by Semyon Varlamov, who was then a rookie. Hampered by injuries and inconsistent play, however, Varlamov has been mostly backup material to Theodore since the New Year.
(Theodores) been like that since Jan. 1, Boudreau said. Im not naming anybody anything, but hes certainly making a name for himself.
No desert dog
Lee Stempniak is kind of like that racehorse who repeatedly finished out of the money and suddenly can do nothing but win.
Dont read any further if you are a skittish Maple Leafs supporter ... but after 14 goals in 62 games with the Leafs, Stempniak has nine in his eight games as a Coyote.
Since being dealt to Phoenix at the deadline, Stempniak has had three two-goal games including one in Phoenixs big comeback win over the Chicago Blackhawks on Saturday. He now has 23 on the season and should be a cinch to match the career high of 27 he scored with the Blues in the 2006-07 season.
Apology not accepted
Injured Chicago defenceman Brian Campbell has a message for Alex Ovechkin: Dont bother calling.
Campbell scoffs at the remorse the Capitals sniper showed for the hit from behind that will keep him out for up to eight weeks.
Whatever he says isnt going to change the fact Im not going to be playing for a little while, Campbell told the Chicago Tribune in his first extended comment on the hit that earned Ovie a two-game suspension. I think the intent was there. If the intent is there, I dont think you can really say you didnt mean to do anything.
So for me, I dont need anything from him.
Quick hits
A couple of sleepers with betting value in Bet365.com Stanley Cup odds: If they can hold down eighth in the West, Detroit is 14-1 and Phoenix, challenging San Jose for the Pacific Division lead, is 20-1 ... Speaking of those Yotes, playoff tickets go on sale on Saturday with a bottom price at a reasonable $25 ... The Rangers looked like a team desperate to make the playoffs and not in a good way in their 2-1 loss to the Bruins on Sunday. A couple more efforts like that and the Blueshirts can kiss the postseason so long ... Leafs fans shedding a tear over the loss of Stempniak can look to Calgary for some healing. Nik Hagman, who was once threatening to be a 30-goal scorer here, has one in 16 games as a Flame while Matt Stajan has two (and none in his past seven) ... The Bolts turned dolts in a four-game home stand that could have put them in the thick of the playoff race. Instead, Tampa lost all four ... Former Leaf Nik Antropov is at plus 17 with the Thrashers.
The week ahead
Interesting pair of road games for the Stanley Cup champs. The Penguins are in Detroit Monday to face the team they defeated in the Stanley Cup final. Two nights later, its off to Washington to meet the Caps, who they upset in a thrilling seven-gamer last spring ... Tuesday, the Thrashers can stay in the thick of the playoff push with a win over the Bruins.


text: Been looking seriously into supercharging my RS4, so far the potential company is MTM although the prices are a little scary to say the least. So was looking for any kits out there to see if there was a more "affordable" solution. I have found one, check this out..... Audi RS4 Supercharger Kit Electric RS4 Turbo Charger Bolt On How much power do you think that will add? Think that will be far better than the MTM one....* *PS. I am being sarcastic but was laughing so much I had to share it.