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ESL Job Feed is the most eclectic and broad source of ESL jobs and teaching positions available worldwide.?ESL Job Feed publishes links to ESL Job postings from a variety of sources including TESall, Total ESL, Yahoo!/Monster, Guardian Jobs, Chronicle of Higher Education, craigslist, TESOL Org, TEFL and many more. From conversation schools for beginners to university positions for teaching veterans,?ESL Job Feed is your source for English teaching positions worldwide.
Saudi Local Male ESL Instructors wanted in Jeddah and Rabeigh Saudi Arabia
Date 2012-12-12 02:12:27 Location : Middle East
This position starts in January 2013
Skyline Global seeks qualified local Male IT/Graphic Design Instructor for positions Riyadh, Saudi Arabia that starts immediately. Skyline Global Solutions is a leader in teaching jobs for Saudi Arabia. Skyline provides exclusive opportunities for teachers throughout Saudi Arabia.
We are only looking for candidates currently in Saudi Arabia.
***Saudi Locals Only*** Accepting Male Applicants only
Applicants must be currently living in Saudi Arabia, and will be available immediately. Native Englsih speakers may apply.
Duration: Monthly - 1 year contracts.
Location: Jeddah, Rabeigh, Saudi Arabia
Availability: January 2013
Job Description
� Planning, preparing and delivering lessons and workshops for groups and individuals;
� Designing and producing teaching materials and adapting existing materials;
� Carrying out assessments of students' needs;
� Planning schemes of work;
� Assessing students' progress;
� Keeping records;
� Attending team meetings;
� Attending and contributing to training sessions;
� Advising colleagues;
� Preparing information for inspection visits and other quality assurance exercises;
� Helping to draft and review institutional policies relating to the education of students
� Engaging in continuous professional development (CPD);
Job Requirements:
� Bachelors' Degree & TESL/TEFL/CELTA certificate -or-
� 1-2 years of teaching experience
� Hardworking, dynamic and computer literate.
� Native English speakers only
� Male candidates only


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New Terence Ryan Songs, Mixtapes & Videos
Terence Ryan - Vocal Layout Idea [Stream & Download]
No, "Vocal Layout Idea" isn't an unfinished track that somehow teleported from an obscure folder on Terence Ryan's laptop straight to the DJBooth frontpage. Despite what its sketchy title might... Read More
Terence Ryan - Alan's Right [Video]
Up-and-coming producer and artist Terence Ryan follows the release of his DJBooth-approved single Alan's Right with some must watch visuals that match the song's eerily inspiring vibe. For more from Ryan keep it... Read More
Terence Ryan - Alan's Right [Stream & Download]
Recently introduced to our pages via the Yeah Yeah Yeahs-inspired Skeleton (Remix), Terence Ryan returns to our pages with Alan's Right, leak numero dos off his forthcoming EP. Here, the Northeastern artist/producer... Read More
Terence Ryan - Skeleton (Yeah Yeah Yeahs Remix) [Stream & Download]
In the early days rock and hip-hop lived side by side and never did the two meet…unless you count Aerosmith kicking a hole in the wall to yell at Run DMC. But in 2012 the lines between hip-hop and, well, every other genre... Read More

subset: commoncrawl


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Copyright © University of Cambridge. All rights reserved.
This is the only solution of the equation for which x and y are whole numbers. Another way of looking at this is to say that 26 is the only whole number "sandwiched" between a perfect square and a perfect cube. This was proved by the French mathematician, Pierre de Fermat, in the 17th Century.
This problem is taken from the UKMT Mathematical Challenges.


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Saints sign Corbisiero
Northampton have announced the signing of England prop Alex Corbisiero.
The 24-year-old will move to Franklin's Gardens from London Irish at the end of this season. He has won 18 Test caps and was part of the England team that beat New Zealand two months ago, but the New York-born forward is currently struggling to overcome a knee injury.
Corbisiero, a member of England's elite player squad, is battling to be fit for the RBS 6 Nations opener against Scotland at Twickenham on February 2. London Irish boss Brian Smith said recently the player was faced with a "degenerative" injury problem, and described his knee as "a mess".
Corbisiero, though, is looking forward to plying his club trade at Franklin's Gardens.
"I have really enjoyed my time at London Irish and I am grateful for everything that the club has given me," he said.
"I am looking forward to what will be a new challenge at Saints next summer. There is a great culture and hopefully I can help the team succeed while continuing my progression as a player, and I am sure that Franklin's Gardens will be a good environment for me in that regard."
Northampton have also announced new contracts for props Tom Mercey and Alex Waller.
Saints rugby director Jim Mallinder added: "All three players have plenty of experience, and because they are still in their early-to-mid 20s we believe that there is plenty more to come from them. I am delighted that all three props have put pen to paper to be a part of the Saints squad going forward."
Corbisiero joined Irish as a 17-year-old, and the club's rugby director Brian Smith said: "We are sad to see Alex go. We made him a very attractive offer to stay earlier this season but, unfortunately, Alex feels his future is elsewhere.
"He is an academy product who has gone through to the first team and on to the international stage, and we are immensely proud of that. We have some crucial games left this season, and I know Alex will give his all in those games before departing for Northampton."


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A simple error in accounting cost Matt Schlytter his swimming postseason as a sophomore. He made up for it this year.
After being disqualified last year at the district meet for being entered in too many events, Schlytter put together a four-event performance at the Class 2A championship this season that outshined everyone in the county.
The freestyle star was second in the 50-yard freestyle, eighth in the 100 and part of two relay teams that finished in the top four.
That showing made Schlytter the St. Augustine Record St. Johns County Boys Swimmer of the Year.
Schlytter said he used last year's disappointment as motivation for this season. There's nothing to regret now.
"I worked harder in the summer," he said. "I knew it was going to be a better season."
He didn't waste any time showing how serious he was about the postseason. Schlytter won the 50 and 100 freestyle at the District 3-2A meet and was second in the 50 at the regional meet even though he was faster.
Then at the 2A championship he was even faster in the 50, finishing in 21.33 seconds, which was fast enough for All-American consideration. He was defeated by Kelley Wyman of Leon by less than .2 of a second.
Like all elite high school swimmers, Schyletter's success owes a lot to the work he does with year-round club teams. He currently swims with the club at Bolles, practicing six days a week.
Even three days out of the pool can set a swimmer back weeks in training, Schlytter said, so he's not one to skip workouts.
As important as the club swimming is, Schlytter said the high school season is the best time for him.
"It's definitely a different atmosphere," he said. "When you go to year-round practice, it's pretty serious.
"I've always noticed that I swim better in high school because I'm having more fun with them."
Nease coach Gina Aguilar, who Schlytter credits with being a great motivator, said she sees Schlytter thriving in the team environment.
That's why he was so excited to swim the relays even while he was focused on two individual events.
"He really encouraged his teammates," Aguilar said. "He gets them going. He really is a team player."
Aguilar said she sees the commitment and enthusiasm for the sport in the whole Schlytter family. His mom, Kathy, is an assistant coach for Nease. And dad, Mark, has also been known to stick around at practice to offer assistance as well.
"They're willing to help anyone," Aguilar said.
There's still some work left for Schlytter, who will clearly be aiming for the state title next season. Aguilar said he has a chance to win the 50 and 100 next year, and she doesn't see that as his last big accomplishment.
"Matt works hard; his technique is amazing," she said. "If he can spend the whole day in the pool he will.
"I think Matt has the caliber to be an Olympian. I expect for him to have a great future."
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CHICAGO -- Pillows and blankets will stay. More corporate and administrative costs will be cut. Airport operations will be redesigned to be more cost-efficient.
United Airlines is looking for more nonlabor savings after completing workforce-related cuts totaling $3.8 billion annually over the past two years.
''In every area of our work where we are not yet competitive, we'll continue to lower expenses and improve productivity," chief executive Glenn Tilton told employees last week.
After 30 months in bankruptcy, the nation's second-largest airline hopes to emerge from Chapter 11 this fall. This target became more reachable Tuesday, when United gained contract agreements with its last two holdout unions, representing a combined 27,000 mechanics, ramp workers, and other ground workers.
But the carrier still has important unfinished business before it nails down the needed $2 billion to $2.5 billion from banks in exit financing. First is resolving a costly standoff over airplane leases. United's initial goal of slicing $900 million a year off rental costs was dealt a major blow last month when it lost a risky court bid to have the leasing companies declared an illegal cartel, giving them the upper hand in negotiations.
Unions and other critics say management has been obsessed with labor cuts.
Michael Riley, chief financial officer at United in 1985-86 and now assistant dean at the University of Maryland, acknowledged the progress made in reworking labor contracts but said more should have been accomplished elsewhere.
''How much better it could have been if they had figured out at the start what they did really need," Riley said. ''They've been focused on wage givebacks from labor, as opposed to figuring out a strategy to make the place better."
United management denies it has overlooked other areas or that cutting labor costs has been, as the flight attendants union puts it, its first and last choice.
Chief operating officer Pete McDonald said ''our focus has been just as intense on the nonlabor side to reduce costs."
He said United is trying to avoid cutbacks in areas that make a difference to passengers -- such as pillows, blankets, and Economy Plus, a seating section with extra legroom.
Labor has accounted for more than half the cuts in bankruptcy.


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Carlos Beltran declared himself ready to take the next step in his recovery from a right knee injury after the Mets center fielder completed outfield drills for a second straight day.
Beltran was hopeful that he will run in a straight line early next week, then move on to running the bases before going on a brief minor league rehabilitation assignment.
"Today was very good day for me," Beltran said Saturday. "I didn't feel anything in everything I did."
He felt "natural" while shagging flies in front of a cadre of coaches and trainers before the Mets faced the San Francisco Giants. While performing similar drills on Friday, he said he felt some discomfort in the knee when he went for balls hit to his left.
Beltran said he'll probably run in a pool Sunday "to do something different."
The Gold Glove outfielder couldn't say when he would return from a bone bruise that put him on the disabled list on June 22, but he said that if he hit well, his rehab could be a short one. He has been hitting in the cage for about three weeks and feels ready to face big league pitching.
"My concern is running the bases because that is really going to let you know how well your knee is," he said.
With the Mets already missing stars Jose Reyes and Carlos Delgado, Beltran's injury sent New York on a slide that landed the team out of playoff contention. Just two games behind the Phillies when he went on the DL, the Mets entered Saturday trailing the NL East leaders by 12 and 9 1/2 games back in the wild-card race.
Beltran, who is hitting .336 with eight homers, 20 doubles, 40 RBIs and 11 stolen bases in 62 games, still feels it's important he returns to the field now rather than give his knee more time to rest.
"It doesn't matter if we were one game behind, 12 games behind, 20 games behind," Beltran said. "My job as a player is to rehab myself and get back to playing. This is what I love to do."
Mets manager Jerry Manuel thought Beltran looked very good and was eager to see his All-Star slugger back on the field if only for "selfish" reasons.
"I think for me it would be not to have to answer that question in spring training," Manuel said of Beltran's health. "If I could get that answer now, then going into spring training it would be one less thing for me that I would have to think about, or manage. And when you go into the spring you hope all that is behind you, but if you played in September then you really feel that it's behind you."
Of more immediate concern, shortstop Alex Cora was scratched from the starting lineup about 30 minutes before game time because of a sore left hand. He was replaced by Anderson Hernandez.
Also, Mets reliever Billy Wagner, who is rehabbing from elbow reconstructive surgery, should be back with the team in the next few days. There was a nameplate above his locker and a uniform hanging in it, but the Mets weren't sure when he would arrive.
Team spokesman Jay Horwitz said Wagner is moving his family back to Virginia from Florida, where his was doing his rehab.
Manuel said that the 38-year-old former closer is ahead of schedule in his recovery from elbow ligament replacement surgery last Sept. 10. When Wagner does return, Manuel added that the Mets will be more regimented with him than with other relievers.


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Charlie talks with Actor Bill Chott, whose movie, "Marshall, The Miracle Dog",is filming in St. Louis.
Should we take any action in Iraq right now? Charlie talks with CBS News White House Correspondent Peter Maer.
New York Times Bestselling Author Ridley Pearson talks about the 3rd installment in his Risk Agent series, "The Red Room". (Booksigning on Tues., June 17, 7:00 PM, Fenton, Barnes & Noble)
Charlie talks with Skip Kincaid, Senior Consulting Urban Forester, Davey Resource Group, about the Emerald Ash Borer confirmed in Lake St. Louis, and could be a big problem facing municipalities that have large populations of ash trees. For more information, please visit http://www.emeraldashborer.info


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How do you avoid that Horrible vibrating noise while driving down the highway! I have a Subaru with a rack on top with two cross bars. I bought two foam velcro pieces from Dakine to go over the cross bars. Then lay the board on top and tie down the front and back with the straps directly to the rack. Everything is real tight and the board is not moving at all. But as soon as I hit 40 MPH it sounds like there's a drill on top of the car. Is there a way to avoid that?
Results 1 to 4 of 4
Thread: Surf Racks
Jun 12, 2011, 10:44 PM #1Junior Member
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Surf Racks
Jun 13, 2011, 01:47 AM #2
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Try a half twist on the straps. You're trying to break up the harmonic shudder created by the tension on the straps. The half twist may just break that frequency.
Jun 14, 2011, 11:27 AM #3Member
- Join Date
- Sep 2008
- Location
- Long Island
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Do the twist. The straps hum due to the wind, like making a whistle with paper and pulling it tight when you were a kid. my soft rack hummed like crazy, tried the twist and now its gone.
Jun 16, 2011, 12:38 AM #4Member
- Join Date
- Mar 2011
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More twists the better.


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Want to Birth a Baby Einstein? Chug Some Iodine
A new study from Bristol and Surrey universities found that pregnant women who consumed lower amounts of iodine were more likely to have children with lower IQs and reading abilities. Which, of course, means they would love their stupid baby less. (JK) (But really, we can't be sure.)


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Pizza Box Solar Oven: Weekly Science Activity
In this week's spotlight: an energy-focused family science activity that doubles as an alternative energy experiment and a recycling project. Using a pizza box (or other shipping box), foil, a few other readily available materials, and the power of the sun, you can make a functional solar-powered oven. Cooking will take longer than in a kitchen appliance, but with some planning, you can cook a meal or prepare a campsite batch of s'mores with your own homemade solar oven! How does a solar oven work? How does the design of a solar oven work to trap and use radiated heat? Build your own to find out. You might discover a solar oven has something in common with a greenhouse, too!
- Now You're Cooking! Building a Simple Solar Oven (full Science Buddies Project Idea)
- Sunny Science: Build a Pizza Box Solar Oven (science activity at Scientific American)


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Current topics
A new regional training centre for trade facilitation capacity building
In cooperation with the Trade Policy Training Centre in Africa (trapca), Sweden launches a new regional training centre for trade facilitation capacity building.
The training facility will target participants from Africa, with special focus on the least developed countries (LDCs). The capacity building activities at trapca will support participating countries in implementing the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement, which aims to reduce bottlenecks and improve procedures for the flow of goods across borders. The WTO, the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the World Bank and the International Trade Centre (ITC) have expressed their support for the new facility.
"Sweden is a small trade-dependent nation. Our substantial support to trade-related capacity building in LDCs and Africa is grounded in the understanding that trade can be an important vehicle out of poverty and into inclusive growth", says H.E. Johan Borgstam, Ambassador of Sweden in Nairobi.
Read more on the Swedish Embassy's webpage.


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|N·mero de publicaci¾n
|Tipo de publicaci¾n
|N·mero de solicitud
|Fecha de publicaci¾n
|17 Sep 1991
|Fecha de presentaci¾n
|18 Jun 1990
|Fecha de prioridad
|30 Ene 1987
|N·mero de publicaci¾n
|Thomas P. Maxwell
|Cesionario original
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (64), Otras citas (2), Citada por (43), Clasificaciones (7), Eventos legales (7)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesi¾n de USPTO, Espacenet
This application is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 328,056 filed on Mar. 23, 1989 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,934,369, which is a division of application Ser. No. 8937 filed Jan. 30, 1987, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,830,013.
It is often necessary or desirable to measure various parameters of blood, such as temperature and blood constituents, such as blood gases, pH, other electrolytes and glucose. This can be accomplished in real time using fluorescent sensors. For example, this can be accomplished in an extracorporeal blood loop as shown in Cooper application Ser. No. 546,493 filed on Oct. 28, 1983, and in vivo as disclosed in Lubbers et al Reissue U.S. Pat. No. 31,879. For in vivo sensing, a probe or catheter carrying an appropriate sensor is inserted into a blood vessel of the patient.
One of the most important gases that needs to be sensed is oxygen. One problem with in vivo oxygen sensing is that the readings obtained for the concentrations of oxygen tend to vary over an unacceptably wide range when compared with the results obtained using conventional laboratory techniques for measuring the concentration of oxygen. It has been found that this deviation is in many cases unacceptably large so that the reliability of the in vivo measuring system is called into question.
Grandparent U.S. Pat. No. 4,830,013 provides for effective in-vivo sensing of various blood parameters and provides a solution to phenomena known as the "wall effect" and the "clot effect." Although there are many facets to that invention, one feature involves keeping an in vivo sensor out of contact with the vessel wall. For this purpose, the sensor is carried by a probe, and the probe is adapted to be inserted through a catheter into the cardiovascular system.
The sensor can be mounted within the catheter in any desired way. A preferred system includes a probe-catheter assembly which comprises a probe including at least one sensor for sensing a parameter of blood and providing a signal in response thereto and elongated transmission means for transmitting the signal from the sensor proximally. The sensor is carried by a distal portion of the transmission means. The assembly also includes the catheter which has a lumen extending therethrough, a proximal end, a distal end and a distal opening at the distal end.
It is quite surprising that a sensor located within a catheter lumen could adequately sense the parameter of interest in blood. One reason for this is that it is necessary to introduce an anti-clotting solution, such as a heparinized saline solution, into the lumen from a solution-introducing system. The solution may be resident in the lumen, i.e., have no net flow into the vessel, but preferably it flows at a very low rate, such as 3 to 8 milliliters per hour, through the lumen and out through the distal opening of the catheter into the blood stream in the vessel. It is surprising that a sensor positioned in the lumen where there is an anti-clotting solution, particularly in the path of the distally flowing anti-clotting solution, would be able to adequately sense the parameters of interest in blood.
However, this invention recognizes that there is an interface between the blood and the anti-clotting solution. Theoretically, the interface could be a plane that simply divides the blood from the anti-clotting solution. However, in reality, the interface is a zone which has some axial length and which contains a mixture of the blood and the anti-clotting solution. Thus, the interface divides a zone of substantially all blood from a zone containing substantially all anti-clotting solution.
Because the anti-clotting solution may be supplied to the catheter such that there is a net flow of solution to the vessel, it would be expected that the interface would be entirely outside of, or at the distal end of, the catheter. However, by moving the interface back and forth in the lumen, the sensor can be exposed to blood for at least a portion of time that the interface is moving. This exposure must be sufficient to enable the sensor to provide an accurate signal related to the blood parameter of interest.
The movement of the interface back and forth in the lumen may move the interface over the sensor. However, the sensors, and in particular the oxygen sensor, can tolerate some exposure to the mixture of anti-clotting solution and blood in the interface without providing erroneous readings. For example, it has been found that a mixture consisting of 50 percent blood by volume and 50 percent anti-clotting solution by volume yields approximately the same oxygen concentration as the oxygen concentration in a medium consisting essentially of blood.
Movement of the interface to bathe the sensor within the lumen in blood can be brought about in different ways. For example, the interface may be moved by varying the delivery pressure and/or volume of the anti-clotting solution or providing the introducing system with a volume oscillator and allowing the volume oscillator to move the interface. The volume oscillator may, for example, take the form of a syringe which, in effect, expands and contracts the volume of the introducing system to move the blood back and forth in the lumen without creating a net or average flow in either direction.
The present invention is directed to another technique for moving the blood back and forth in the lumen. This technique, which also enables expansion and contraction of the volume of the introducing system, includes providing the introducing system with some compliance and allowing pressures generated by the patient's heartbeats to move the interface. Consequently, blood is forced to enter the distal opening of the catheter as the blood pressure rises with each beat of the heart. Thus, the interface is caused to flow back and forth in the lumen with the pulsating blood pressure. As a result, the sensor within the lumen is bathed by the back and forth or tidal movement of the blood and can adequately sense and measure the blood parameters of interest.
The compliance of the introducing system may be the natural compliance of the tubing and components of the system and/or a compliant element may be added to the system to provide the desired degree of elasticity. The compliant element can be of virtually any construction and may be, or include for example, a compressible fluid, such as air, a membrane, a bellows, etc. The compliance of the introducing system may be varied to obtain the results desired. For example, if the compliance of the introducing system is to be used to obtain, or to assist in obtaining, the tidal action, the introducing system and the catheter may have a combined total compliance sufficient to provide a volume exchange of at least 10 microliters with a system comprised of a 20-gauge catheter and 0.022 inch diameter probe.
The degree of compliance or elasticity required will vary from patient to patient. For example, a patient with high blood pressure will require a system with less compliance than a patient with low pressure. Selecting the proper degree of compliance is important because, if there is too little compliance, there is an increased risk that the sensor will not be adequately bathed in sufficient blood to get an accurate blood parameter reading. On the other hand, if there is too much compliance, the blood is withdrawn too far up into the system, and this increases the risk of clotting. Accordingly, it is important to select a degree of compliance which is within the maximum allowable or preferred compliance ranges.
This invention provides a system which includes at least first and second compliances and means for selecting the first compliance or the second compliance. This enables the physician or attendant to select the compliance most suited to a particular patient. For example, the selection may be between the natural compliance of the system and the compliance provided by utilizing a compliant element. In this event, the compliance selection is obtained by switching the compliant element into and out of communication with the lumen of the catheter. Thus, the choice is between the natural compliance and a compliance which equals the natural compliance plus an added compliance of the compliant element.
Alternatively or in addition thereto, a selection may be made between or among two or more compliances which are other than the natural compliance of the system. Such a system may include a compliant element and means for adjusting the compliance of the compliant element to thereby provide multiple different compliances which are greater than the natural compliance. Adjusting the added compliance can be very desirable, not only to more finely tune the compliance, but also to compensate for system-to system variations in the natural compliance.
As indicated above, the compliant element may take many different forms. In one preferred form, it includes an elastically movable membrane. Adjusting means is provided for limiting the maximum elastic movement of the membrane to thereby provide multiple compliances. Preferably, the limiting means is infinitely adjustable to provide an infinite number of compliances for the system. A preferred construction includes a housing having a passage in communication with the lumen of the catheter, with the membrane being mounted on the housing. In this event, the limiting means preferably includes a movable member mounted for movement on the housing to provide an adjustable stop for limiting movement of the membrane.
The compliance features of this invention are applicable to any system in which blood is withdrawn from a patient into a catheter or into an elongated passage of a system. In such a system, an anti-clotting solution or other fluid is introduced into the passage to provide the interface between the blood and the solution. This enables the user to select one of the compliances, and the interface moves back and forth in the passage, with the system having the selected compliance. The moving of the interface is the result of, or includes, allowing the patient's heartbeats to move the interface against the selected compliance. This movement of the interface enables sensing a parameter of the blood in the passage.
Broadly stated, an assembly constructed in accordance with this invention may include first means for withdrawing blood from a patient into the first means and for introducing a fluid, such as an anti-clotting solution, to the blood to provide a blood-fluid interface in the first means. The first means includes a catheter adapted to be received in a patient's cardiovascular system and having a lumen for receiving blood from the patient's cardiovascular system. The first means also includes means for introducing a fluid to the lumen whereby there is a blood-fluid interface in the first means. A sensor is provided in communication with the lumen, and the first means is compliant so that the patient's heartbeats tend to move the interface. The first means also has a first compliance and a second compliance and means for selecting the first compliance or the second compliance, with such compliances being different. The interface between the blood and fluid may be in the lumen of the catheter or elsewhere in the first means depending upon how far up into the system it is 1 desired to withdraw blood.
It may be necessary or desirable to take the patient's blood pressure through the lumen of the catheter while the blood parameters are being sensed. The added compliance of the introducing system may be sufficient to undesirably alter the blood pressure readings taken through the lumen of the catheter. Accordingly, the present invention provides, as an option, for selectively nullifying the ability of the compliant element to allow expansion and contraction of the volume of the introducing system. For example, the nullifying means may control expansion or adjustably limit movement of a membrane or bellows or it may selectively switch the compliant element into, and out of, communication with the lumen of the catheter. In this latter event, the compliant element would normally be in communication with the lumen to provide, or assist in providing, the desirable tidal action for sensing of the blood parameters of interest. However, just prior to taking a blood pressure reading, the action of the compliant element can be switched out of the introducing system so that it cannot affect the blood pressure reading taken through the lumen of the catheter. The switching means may take any form that will accomplish this function and may be, for example, a valve.
The invention, together with additional features and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying illustrative drawing.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an assembly for the in vivo measurement of blood parameters of interest.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of one form of valve usable in the assembly of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is an axial sectional view through the valve with the compliant element being in communication with the conduit leading to the lumen of the catheter.
FIG. 4 is an elevational view partially in section and similar to FIG. 3 with the compliant element being out of communication with the conduit.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the distal region of one form of probe and catheter usable in the assembly of FIG. 1.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view taken generally along line 6--6 of FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view through the probe-catheter assembly.
FIG. 8 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 5 showing an alternate construction of the distal region of the probe.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view similar to FIG. 1 showing another assembly for the in vivo measurement of blood parameters of interest.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an assembly for the measurement of blood parameters of interest which incorporates another form of compliant element.
FIGS. 11 and 12 are sectional views taken generally along line 11--11 of FIG. 10 and illustrating one manner in which the compliance of the assembly can be adjusted.
FIG. 1 shows an assembly 11 for the in vivo measurement of various blood parameters, and particularly the pH value and the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Although the assembly 11 can be of different constructions, in this embodiment it includes a solution introducing system 13 and a probe-catheter assembly 15. The assembly 11 may also include an instrument 17 for providing a readout of the blood parameters of interest.
Generally, the solution introducing system 13 introduces an appropriate anti-clotting solution, such as a heparinized saline solution, through the probe-catheter assembly 15 to the patient to keep the line leading to the patient patent. Although this can be accomplished in different ways, in the embodiment shown schematically in FIG. 1, the system 13 includes a pressurized source 19 of heparinized saline solution, a conduit 21 leading from the source to the probe-catheter assembly 15, a flow restrictor 23 to reduce the rate of flow through the conduit 21 to the desired drop rate, a flush valve 25 in a bypass 27 around the restrictor 23, a stop cock 28, a four-way valve 29, a blood withdrawal site 30 and a pressure transducer 31. All of the components of the system 13 may be conventional, and the system 13 may include other components, if desired. In the illustrated embodiment, solution from the pressurized source 19 flows through the restrictor 23 at a relatively slow rate, such as 5 ml/hour. The solution flows through the valve 29 and the probe-catheter assembly 15 to the patient. If a more rapid flow rate from the source 19 is desired, as for example during priming, the flush valve 25 can be manually opened to provide a relatively high-rate flow path around the restrictor 23 in a conventional manner.
The four-way valve 29 may also be of conventional construction. As shown in FIG. 3, the valve 29 includes a valve body 33 having a passage 35 extending therethrough and forming a portion of the conduit 21, a rotatable valve element 37 in the passage 35 and a handle 39 (FIG. 2) for manually rotating the valve element 37. The valve body 33 has a leg 41, and a closure cap 43 is attached to the leg 41 to define, along with the leg, a chamber 45 in which a compliant element in the form of air is located. The valve element 37 has ports 47 and 49 for communicating with the conduit 21, and a port 51 which can communicate with the chamber 45 as shown in FIG. 3 or which can be sealed and out of communication with the conduit 21 and the chamber 45 as shown in FIG. 4. In this manner, the compliant element can be switched into, or out of, the system 13.
The pressure transducer 31 communicates with the conduit 21 and can measure the pressure therein. Accordingly, with the probe-catheter assembly 15 inserted into the vascular system of a patient, the pressure transducer 31 can provide blood pressure readings. By rotating the valve element 37 to the position of FIG. 4, the compliance of the air within the chamber 45 cannot affect the blood pressure readings provided by the transducer 31. The blood withdrawal site 30 is used for taking blood samples from the patient through the probe-catheter assembly 15. Preferably for this kind of compliant element, the stop cock 28 is located between the valve 29 and the site 30 so that, by closing the stop cock 28, the air in the chamber 45 cannot be withdrawn during a blood withdrawal procedure.
The probe-catheter assembly 15 includes a catheter 53 and a probe 55 (FIG. 7). The catheter 53 may be a conventional arterial catheter. As such, the catheter 53 may include a proximal end 57, a distal end 59, a lumen 61 extending axially, completely through the catheter and opening at a distal opening 63 at the distal end. The catheter 53 has a standard lead-in taper, i.e., a tapered zone 65, which extends from a reference plane 66 along the outer periphery of the catheter 53 to the distal end 59. The diameter of the lumen 61 also decreases distally throughout the tapered zone 65 as shown in FIG. 5. The tapered zone 65 may extend about 0.090 inch proximally of the distal end 59. The catheter 53 has an externally threaded coupling 67 at its proximal end.
The probe 55 may be of various different constructions, and in the embodiment illustrated, includes an oxygen sensor 69, a carbon dioxide sensor 71 and a pH sensor 73, with each of the sensors affixed to the distal ends of single optical fibers 75, 77, and 79, respectively, (FIG. 6). In this embodiment, the sensors 69, 71 and 73 are fluorescent optical sensors, and they respond to the concentration of oxygen, the concentration of carbon dioxide and the pH value, respectively, to provide continuous optical signals indicative of the condition sensed. The optical fibers 75, 77 and 79 serve as transmission means for transmitting the signals from the associated sensors proximally. The probe 55 is of very small cross-sectional area so that it fits within the lumen 61 with an ample radial clearance 81 as shown in FIG. 5.
The particular design of the probe 55 forms no part of this invention because this invention is applicable to probes of various different constructions. Briefly, however, the sensors 69, 71 and 73 are attached to the distal ends of the associated optical fibers 75, 77 and 79 in any suitable manner, and each of the sensors and the associated fiber is separately encased in an inner overcoat 83 which, among other things, may assist in retaining the sensor on the end of the associated fiber. The overcoat 83 is, of course, permeable to the relevant blood parameters so that such parameter, or one related to it, can be sensed by the sensors. An outer overcoat 85 covers the inner overcoats 83 and a length of the fibers just proximally of the overcoats 83. Proximally of the overcoat 85, the optical fibers 75, 77 and 79 and a temperature-sensitive element, such as a thermocouple 86 (FIG. 6), are suitably encased within an appropriate sheath 87.
The probe 55 includes a "Y" fitting 93 at its proximal end as shown in FIG. 7. The optical fibers 75, 77 and 79 extend within the sheath 87 completely through one leg 95 of the "Y" fitting 93 to the instrument 17 as shown in FIG. 1. Another leg 97 of the fitting 93 has a passage 99 which communicates with the lumen 61, and more particularly, with the clearance 81 around the probe 55. The leg 97 is coupled to the conduit 21 of the system 13 as shown in FIG. 1. A third leg 101 of the "Y" fitting 93 carries a rotatable internally threaded coupling 103 for attaching the "Y" fitting of the probe 55 to the proximal end of the catheter 53 outside the cardiovascular system of the patient.
Although the details of the fitting 93 form no part of this invention, the sheath 87 may be guided in the leg 95 by a sleeve 105 and retained in position by potting 107. The sheath 87 extends within a flexible tube 109 suitably attached to the leg 95, and shrink tubing 111 is provided over the adjacent end portions of the fitting and the tube for strain relief.
With the proximal end of the catheter 53 coupled to the probe 55 by the coupling 103, the probe 55 is within the lumen 61, and the sensors 69, 71 and 73 are within the lumen adjacent the distal opening 63 as shown in FIG. 5. Accordingly, with the catheter within the cardiovascular system of the patient, such as in a radial artery, the catheter 53 keeps the sensors from contacting the wall of the artery to thereby reduce or eliminate the wall effect and the clot effect on the signals provided by the sensors.
In use of the assembly 11, the catheter 53 is first inserted into the radial artery using conventional techniques. Next, the probe 55 is inserted into the lumen 61 and attached to the proximal end of the catheter 53 with the coupling 103. This properly positions the sensors 69, 71 and 73 within the lumen 61 to within 0.125 inch of the distal end 59. In priming the solution introducing system 13 prior to insertion of the catheter into the artery, a small quantity of air is trapped in the chamber 45. This can be accomplished, for example, with the valve element 37 in the position of FIG. 4, by filling the conduit 21 with solution from the source 19 with the closure cap 43 removed from the valve 29, and without allowing the solution to flow into the leg 41. The closure cap 43 is then affixed to the leg 41 to trap the air in the chamber 45, and then the rotatable valve element 37 is turned to the position shown in FIG. 3. The conduit 21 can then be connected to the probe 55.
When in use, the solution from the source 19 completely fills the lumen 61 around the probe 55. The solution is provided under a pressure such that there is a slow flow of solution from the lumen 61 into the patient's artery. This introduction of the solution through the lumen and into the artery results in an interface 113 adjacent the distal opening 63 which has some axial length and which includes both blood and the solution from the source 19. The interface 113 is a partition between essentially all blood distally of the interface and essentially all anti-clotting solution proximally of the interface. The interface washes axially back and forth in a tidal action as a result of the rising and falling of the patient's blood pressure with each heartbeat. If the solution introducing system 13 were perfectly rigid, it would not be possible for the blood to force the solution proximally within the lumen 61 because the solution is essentially incompressible. However, the conduit 21 is typically in the form of flexible plastic tubing, which has some elasticity or compliance to allow some of this tidal action to occur. In addition, the illustrated embodiment of the invention provides a compliant element in the form of air within the chamber 45 which adds additional elasticity or compliance to the system 13. Consequently, the interface can flow back and forth to bathe the sensors 69, 71 and 73 in blood.
With this embodiment of the invention, the back and forth travel of the interface 113 is a function of the magnitude of the patient's blood pressure, the compliance of the solution-introducing system 13 and the delivery pressure of the anti-clotting solution. However, assuming that there is some net flow of the anti-clotting solution out of the distal opening 63, it would be necessary for at least the distal region of the interface 113 to travel distally as far as the distal opening, unless it is possible for some of the solution to migrate through the blood and through the distal opening. Because the flow rate of anti-clotting solution into the bloodstream is extremely low, the precise manner in which the solution enters the patient's bloodstream and the exact extent of travel of the interface 113 is not known. However, utilizing the tidal action of the interface, it is possible to bathe the sensors 69, 71 and 73 in blood sufficiently so that accurate readings are obtained, and it is believed that the sensors are in essentially all blood for a majority of the time.
FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of this invention which is identical to the embodiment of FIGS. 1-7 in all respects not shown or described herein. Portions of the embodiment of FIG. 8 corresponding to portions of the embodiment of FIGS. 1-7 are designated by corresponding reference numerals followed by the letter "a."
The primary differences between the embodiment of FIG. 8 and FIGS. 1-7 is that the sensors 69a, 71a, 73a are at different longitudinal positions within the lumen 61a, the sensors 71a and 73a project farther from the overcoat 85a, and there are a plurality of radial apertures 121 in the catheter 53a leading from the lumen 61a adjacent the distal opening 63a of the catheter. In this embodiment, each of the three sensors terminates at a different axial position within the lumen 61a, and with this construction, the total cross-sectional area of the probe 55a reduces in step-wise fashion from the distal end of the sensor 71a proximally. Consequently, not all of the sensors are in the tapered zone 65a, and a larger cross-sectional area of the tapered zone remains open for pressure sensing via the pressure transducer 31 shown in FIG. 1.
In the construction of FIG. 8, preferably the carbon dioxide sensor 71a is the most distal sensor, and the oxygen sensor 69a is the most proximal. The reason for this is that carbon dioxide is the most sensitive to being even partially out of the blood, and the oxygen sensor can provide acceptable oxygen readings even in a fifty-fifty mixture of the blood and the anti-clotting solution. The sensitivity of the pH sensor 73a is intermediate the sensitivity of the carbon dioxide sensor 71a and the oxygen sensor 73a and so is preferably located intermediate these sensors.
The radial apertures 121 are preferably located proximally of the sensor 73a for the purpose of allowing blood and solution from the lumen 61a to flow out of the apertures. One or more of these apertures may be provided, and in the embodiment of FIG. 8, two of the apertures are shown. Of course, the apertures 121 may be distributed in axially spaced relationship, as well as circumferentially spaced relationship, along the catheter 53a. The apertures 121 may also be used in the embodiment of FIGS. 1-7, if desired.
FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of this invention which is identical to the embodiment of FIGS. 1-7 in all respects not shown or described herein. Portions of the embodiment of FIG. 9 corresponding to portions of the embodiment of FIGS. 1-7 are designated by corresponding reference numerals followed by the letter "b."
The only difference between the embodiment of FIG. 9 and FIGS. 1-7 is that the valve 29 has been replaced with a volume oscillator 131. Although the volume oscillator 131 can take different forms, including that of a conventional syringe, in this embodiment, it is illustrated schematically as including a cylinder 133 in communication with the conduit 21, a piston 135 slidable in the cylinder and a motor 137 for reciprocating the piston 135 through an appropriate reciprocating drive (not shown), such as a cam shaft. When the piston 135 is moved upwardly as viewed in FIG. 9, a chamber 139 below the piston is enlarged to expand the volume of the introducing system 13b. Conversely, when the piston 135 moves downwardly, the volume of the chamber 139 is decreased to thereby contract the volume of the introducing system. Of course, expansion of the introducing system 13b pulls the interface 113 (FIG. 5) proximally. Contraction of the introducing system moves the interface distally, with the amount of such movement being a function of the degree to which the volume oscillator 131 expands and contracts the volume of the introducing system.
The motor 137 can be operated continuously, intermittently or upon demand to create the tidal action. There is no net or average flow of fluid in either direction as a result of reciprocation of the piston 135. Of course, the volume oscillator 131 can also be used with the embodiment of FIG. 8.
FIG. 10 shows an assembly 11c which is identical to the assembly 11 of FIG. 1 in all respects not shown or described herein. Portions of the assembly 11c corresponding to portions of the assembly 11 are designated by corresponding reference numerals followed by the letter "c." Although some of the components shown in FIG. 1 for the assembly 11 are not duplicated in FIG. 10 for the assembly 11c, the assembly 11c may nevertheless include all of such components.
The assembly 11c, like the assembly 11, includes first means for withdrawing blood from a patient into the first means and for introducing a fluid to the blood to provide a blood-fluid interface in the first means. Such first means includes a catheter 53c which, like the catheter 53, is adapted to be received in a patient's cardiovascular system and has a lumen for receiving blood from the patient's cardiovascular system. Such first means also includes an introducing system or means 13c for introducing a fluid, such as an anticlotting solution, to the lumen so that there is a blood-fluid interface in the first means. A sensor may be provided in the catheter 53c as described above in connection with the assembly 11. However, with this embodiment of the invention, the sensor may be provided in the catheter 53c and/or in the conduit 21c at any location where it will have adequate contact with the blood to provide an accurate reading of the blood parameter of interest. Thus, it is only necessary that the sensor be in communication with the lumen.
Turning now to a primary difference between the assemblies 11 and 11c in the assembly 11c, the valve 29 with the associated compliant element is replaced in favor of a compliance component 211.
The compliance component 211 includes a housing 212. Although the housing 212 can be of various different constructions, in the embodiment illustrated, it comprises housing sections 213 and 214. The housing section 213 has a passage 215 extending therethrough and in communication with the lumen of the catheter 53c. Conventional coupling components 217 and 219 are provided on the housing section 213 adjacent opposite ends of the passage 215 for releasably coupling the compliance component 211 into the conduit 21c in the same location as the four-way valve 29 of FIG. 1. The housing has an internally threaded boss 221.
A compliant element in the form of an elastic membrane 225 is mounted on the housing. Although various constructions are possible, the membrane 225 includes an annular bead 227 which is received in an annular gap defined by the boss 221 and an annular ridge 229 within, and coaxial with, the boss. The membrane 225 extends across a region of the housing section 213 and defines with such region of the housing a flow-through chamber 231.
The housing section 214 includes a main body 233 and an adjustable stop 235. The main body 233 has external threads which are received within, and used to threadedly attach the main body to, the internal threads of the boss 221 as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. When affixed in this position, the main body 233 engages the bead 227 of the membrane 225 to thereby mount the membrane in the housing.
The adjustable stop 235 includes an abutment 237, a threaded shaft 239 and an adjusting knob 241. The shaft 239 is threadedly received in a threaded bore of the main body 233. Accordingly, by manually turning the knob 241, the position of the abutment 237 can be adjusted.
FIGS. 11 and 12 show the membrane 225 in the relaxed or unpressurized condition. As shown in FIG. 11, there is a space or gap 243 between the membrane 225 and the abutment 237. This gap defines the maximum extent to which the membrane 225 can elastically expand or move in response to fluid pressure in the passage 215. FIG. 11 shows the maximum length of the gap 243 to thereby provide a relatively high degree of compliance to the system. The gap 243 can be reduced as shown, for example, in FIG. 12 by turning of the knob 241 in a direction to move the abutment 237 downwardly as viewed in FIG. 12. As the gap 243 is reduced, the allowable length that the membrane 225 can expand is correspondingly reduced to thereby reduce the compliance. Because of the threaded adjustment provided by the threaded shaft 239, the gap 243 is infinitely adjustable from a maximum all the way down to "0", in which event, the compliance of the membrane 225 is effectively removed from, or switched out of, the assembly 11c. When the compliance of the membrane 225 is effectively taken out of the assembly 11c, the assembly 11c is left with only its natural compliance which results from the inherent ability of the components and, in particular the conduit 21c, to expand under internal pressure.
The chamber 231 is sealed by the annular bead 227. However, the gap 243 is not sealed, and so upward movement of the membrane 225 does not compress air in the gap 243.
The operation of the assembly 11c is very similar to the operation of the assembly 11. Thus, blood is withdrawn from the patient by allowing it to flow under the influence of the patient's blood pressure into the lumen of the catheter 53c and, if desired, into the conduit 21c. An anticlotting solution is introduced into the conduit 21c from the source 19c, and the conduit conducts the solution to the catheter 53c to provide an interface between the blood and the solution. The interface is moved back and forth as a result of the patient's heartbeats, and the parameter of interest is sensed by the sensor as described above.
With the assembly 11, it is possible to select between two levels of compliance, i.e., the natural compliance of the system or a compliance which equals the natural compliance of the system plus the compliance of the air within the chamber 45. With the assembly 11, compliance selection is the result of operation of the four-way valve to either switch the compliant element into or out of the system.
With the assembly 11c, it is possible to not only switch the compliance of the membrane 225 into and out of the system, but also to adjust the compliance to be added by the membrane 225. This is accomplished as described above by turning of the knob 241 to adjust the gap 243.
Various techniques can be used to determine how much compliance should be provided for a particular system and patient. For example, the process may begin with the knob 241 turned to provide the minimum gap 243 and hence the minimum compliance. The gap 243 is gradually increased in small increments while the values of the blood parameters of interest are monitored at the instrument 17. When the values of the parameters of interest stabilize, this can be taken as the minimum compliance needed to achieve a correct reading. Increasing the compliance beyond this minimum amount should have little or no effect on the values of the parameters of interest, but if the compliance is much too great, the likelihood of clotting may increase. Of course, it is always possible to compare the values obtained at the instrument 17c with values obtained from a laboratory blood sample of the same patient and to use this information in establishing the degree of compliance that is to be used.
Although an exemplary embodiment of the invention has been shown and described, many changes, modifications and substitutions may be made by one having ordinary skill in the art without necessarily departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.
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|Clasificaci¾n de EE.UU.
|600/311, 600/505
|Clasificaci¾n internacional
|Clasificaci¾n cooperativa
|Clasificaci¾n europea
|18 Jun 1990
Owner name: MINNESOTA MINING AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORP
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:MAXWELL, THOMAS P.;REEL/FRAME:005354/0207
Effective date: 19900618
|12 Ene 1995
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|23 Dic 1998
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|9 Jul 1999
Owner name: TERUMO CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS CORPORATION, NEW JER
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MINNESOTA MINING & MANUFACTURING COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:010043/0831
Effective date: 19990630
|2 Abr 2003
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|17 Sep 2003
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|11 Nov 2003
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20030917


text:
Coaldale news
First Congregational Church
Morning Worship will be held at 9 a.m. Sunday, Aug. 29, at First Congregational Church, Ruddle Street, followed at 10 a.m. by Adult Sunday School.
A service will be held at the Hometown Nursing Home at 6:30 p.m. Tuesday, Aug. 31.
St. Luke's Miners and MapleShade services will be conducted at 11 a.m. and 1:30 p.m., respectively, on Wednesday, Sept. 1.
Also on Wednesday, Sept. 1, choir rehearsal will be held at 6:30 p.m. New members are welcome to attend.
On Sunday, Sept. 5, Morning Worship will be at 9 a.m. and Adult Sunday School will be at 10 a.m.
Coaldale alumni reunion
There will be a Coaldale High School Alumni Reunion on May 28, 2011, at Genetti's Hall, Hazleton.
Letters will be in the mailed within two weeks. Anyone not receiving a letter may obtain one by calling (570) 645-9733.
Those who attended Coaldale schools for any length of time are invited.


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Ethernet switches ease shift to multi-port GPON line cards
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Calabasas, Calif.With input from customer Broadlight Corp. and the technology prowess to pull it off, Fulcrum Microsystems developed the first Ethernet switches that are targeted at multi-port optical line termination (OLT) cards for Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) equipment.
The FM2103 and FM2104 switches join Fulcrum's FocalPoint family of devices, all of which are based on a shared memory architecture. The FM2103 is configured for four-port OLT cards with four 2.5-Gbit Ethernet ports for access connections and two 10-Gbit Ethernet XAUI ports for backbone links. The FM2104 is for eight-port OLT boards and features eight 2.5-Gbit Ethernet ports with two 10-Gbit Ethernet XAUI ports.
The FM2103 and FM2104 switches are designed to make it easier for equipment manufacturers to migrate from single to multi-port interfaces in OLT cards.
Both devices feature flexible header processing for Ethernet-to-GPON networking, allowing the FM2103 and FM2104 to parse the GPON-specific packet header.
While the shared memory architecture concept is not new, the way that Fulcrum implemented the switch element data path is proprietary.
"The whole design flow is a proprietary process and it does use that event-driven logic, which provides a very fast data path and it also has the unusual principle of operation in that does not dissipate energy unless data is flowing through it," said Bud Noren, senior product manager. "Unlike other circuit elements where a clock will constantly be sent to it and will burn data even when there's no data going through it. That's where we get that lower power."
The FM2103 and FM2104 have a typical power dissipation of less than 10-watts and 9-watts, respectively. When they are functioning at the 10-Gbit mode, they dissipate approximately 1-watt per port. The power dissipation is determined by the amount and type of data flowing through it:it could be lower or higher.
The FM2103 and FM2104 can achieve equivalent clock speeds of more than 700-MHz with Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corp.'s 1.3-micron process. "Others will have a challenge achieving one-third of that speed with that process," Noren said.
The BroadLight deal
Fulcrum and BroadLight, Mountain View, Calif., are working together to develop an integrated GPON product consisting of FocalPoint devices and BroadLight OLT controllers. For more on BroadLight's products, click here: www.broadlight.com
"They recognized that there are some features in our switch that work quite well with their optical line termination controller chip," Noren said.
Indeed, the most notable Layer-2 function of the FM2103 and FM2104 is proprietary header support. GPON uses a header called GPON encapsulation method (GEM) in which all traffic is mapped across the network using a variant of SONET/SDH generic framing procedure. It can natively transport voice video and data without an ATM or IP encapsulation layer. That's why GPON can offer downstream bandwidth utilization rates as high as 2.5-Gbits/s.
For more on the benefits of GPON, click here: www.techonline.com/community/home/36685.
GEM encapsulation supports TDM, cell or packet data.
"GEM is a header format that is peculiar to passive optical networks. And when that header enter BroadLight's OLT controller chip, they change it in a way and make a proprietary header of their own type out of it," Noren explained. "Even though our switch chip is a standard Ethernet switch, it has the ability to examine other types of headers."
As a result, it can actually skip to certain areas within a packet, look at the different packet header and react on it.
Another key Layer-2 function pertinent to working with BroadLight's OLT controller includes spanning tree, a method in which a Layer 2 switch can act on Layer 3 information to make more intelligent forwarding conditions, as well as relieve congestion.
The FM2103 and FM2104 are packaged in a 897-ball BGA and sampling now. Production volumes will be available based on market demand. In volume quantities, the FM2103 and FM2104 cost less than $150 and $175, respectively.
Fulcrum Microsystems,1 (818) 871-8100, www.fulcrummicro.


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Blue and Yellow Patterned Baby Meal Time Gift Set
Your baby will look adorable and you'll have an easier time feeding him or her with this gift set that comes with 4 burp cloths and 5 bibs featuring blue and yellow hues decorated in fun dots, stripes and chevron patterns.


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A ditch is just a ditch, correct? And a park and ride is simply just a place to leave your car when you need to catch the bus, right? According to a team of University of Houston architects and designers, these aspects of the city have far more potential.
EasementMembers of UH's Community Design Resource Center (CDRC) recently explored some of Houston's ditches, easements, Metro transit centers and park and rides. They then developed new ideas on how these components of the city can better serve its growing populations. They will share these visions during "Thick Infrastructure," a free exhibition in the atrium of the Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture Oct. 4 - Nov. 21.
"Thick Infrastructure" will showcase bold possibilities for areas that some Houstonians might take for granted. Led by Susan Rogers, professor of architecture and director of the CDRC, a team of designers mapped the city and selected specific areas to spotlight. Team members included UH alums Ruqiya Imtiaz-uddin, Alex Lara and Rose Lee and UH architecture student Xavier Vargas.
"We're looking at how to make better use of existing spaces, how to give things more than one purpose, and how to use resources in an efficient way that add value to our community," Rogers said.
"Thick Infrastructure" will showcase images that reflect proposed uses for easements, ditches, transit centers and park and rides. These include:
Weekend programming for park and rides when these facilities are not in use. The lot could be transformed into a site for community events with markets and/or food trucks. They also can host outdoor film screenings, dances and other recreational activities.
Paved trails and bridges along city easements and ditches to connect communities and offer additional pedestrian routes throughout Houston. Additionally, community gardens can be planted in these areas.
Public recreational facilities at transit centers including basketball courts, seating or a bicycle velodrome (on a transit center's roof).
The "Thick Infrastructure" project was funded by a $5,000 grant awarded to Rogers by the Rice Design Alliance. A reception will kick off the exhibition at 7 p.m., Oct. 4. The College of Architecture's atrium is located on the first floor. To access the college, take EntranceEastwood Transit Center 18 off Elgin Street.
As part of UH's Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, the Community Design Resource Center works to enhance the communities throughout the Houston region through design, research, education and practice. The center addresses issues of community development, design, planning, affordable housing and civic projects in partnership with communities.
The Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture offers bachelor's and master's degrees in a variety of disciplines including architecture, space architecture, interior architecture and industrial design. Faculty members include esteemed professionals in the architectural community, as well as award-winning academic veterans. Facilities include studio spaces, the new Materials Research Collaborative, computer labs and the Burdette Keeland Jr. Design Exploration Center. To learn more about the college, visit http://www.


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The 44-year-old patient has Hunter syndrome, which doctors hope to treat using zinc finger nucleases.
Settlement Signal
January 9, 2014|
A marine bacterium generates contractile structures that are essential for the metamorphosis of a tubeworm.
January 9, 2014|
A marine bacterium generates contractile structures that are essential for the metamorphosis of a tubeworm.
January 9, 2014|
A single hospital was at the epicenter of an outbreak of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
January 1, 2014|
Professor, Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Age: 36
January 1, 2014|
Researchers uncover an unprecedented relationship between morels and bacteria. But can it be called agriculture?
January 1, 2014|
January 2014 Scientist to Watch Benjamin tenOever discusses his research.
December 13, 2013|
Extreme diets can alter the microbial makeup of the human GI tract, and change the behavior of those bacteria.
December 9, 2013|
Dosing mice modeling autism with a human gut bacterium reversed some disorder-associated behaviors in the animals.
December 2, 2013|
Researchers collaborate to create fermented food products using microbes harvested from some malodorous parts of the human body.
December 1, 2013|
New York University's Jane Carlton talks about a project designed to characterize the microbiome of the Big Apple.
December 1, 2013|
Researchers take advantage of rapid and cheap DNA sequencing technologies to map the bacterial microbiome of New York City.


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Marketplace Tech for Tuesday, July 8 2014
First up, Nate Elliott, a Social Media Analyst at Forrester Research, on whether or not social media is an effective way for government organizations to get their message out. Then, Kara Swisher, editor of the tech news site Recode, joins us for a preview of the Sun Valley conference. Finally, it's summer and that means it's time for summer camp! As Adriene Hill reports, now many kids are trading in the great outdoors for extra time in front of the computer.


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Sky News has learnt that at least half a dozen of the 20 members of the Prime Minister's Business Advisory Group (BAG) have declined to put their names to a letter being published on Tuesday which will argue that the UK's exit from the EU would "put the economy at risk".
Among the members of the group who have opted not to sign the letter are Alison Brittain, chief executive of Whitbread; Jeff Fairburn, who runs the housebuilder Persimmon; Liv Garfield, the Severn Trent boss; Robert Noel, Land Securities' chief executive; Steve Varley, the UK chairman of EY; and Nigel Wilson, chief executive of Legal & General.
Sources close to some of the companies pointed out that a decision not to sign the letter did not mean those individuals opposed Mr Cameron's EU reform deal.
Instead, they said, it highlighted the neutral position of many large companies on an issue which is potentially divisive.
Some of the companies derive little or no revenue from overseas markets and do not believe that Brexit would have a material impact on them.
L&G, which is the biggest investor in the FTSE-100 index through its asset management business, is understood to have a scheduled board meeting later this week at which directors will discuss the company's position on the EU referendum.
The letter to be published on Tuesday will praise the commitment secured by Mr Cameron for Europe to "deepen the single market and to sign off crucial international trade deals".
Its contents have been agreed with officials at 10 Downing Street, and are likely to be endorsed by between one-third and half of the companies in the FTSE-100.
The members of the PM's BAG who have signed the letter include Warren East, the Rolls-Royce boss; Jayne-Anne Gadhia, chief executive of Virgin Money; Carolyn McCall, the easyJet chief executive; John Nelson, who chairs Lloyd's of London; and Xavier Rolet, head of the London Stock Exchange Group.
Either the chairmen or the chief executives of BP and Santander, both of which are represented on the BAG, are expected to sign the letter.
Asda's chief executive, Andy Clarke, is understood to have discussed signing the letter on Monday with other executives at the supermarket chain, but it was unclear what his decision would be.
Sky News also contacted Mr Cameron's other business advisers, but representatives of ARM Holdings, Compass Group, QinetiQ Group and Universal Music Group did not respond to requests for comment.
It is not clear whether Eileen Burbidge of Passion Capital, a technology investor, was asked to sign the letter, while a source close to Alibaba, the Chinese internet giant, said that Jack Ma, its chairman, was not invited to put his name to it.
As Sky News revealed on Sunday, the letter will argue that Britain is "better off staying in a reformed European Union".
"Businesses like ours need unrestricted access to the European market of 500m people in order to continue to grow, invest and create jobs.
"We believe that leaving the EU would deter investment and threaten jobs. It would put the economy at risk.
"Britain will be stronger, safer and better off remaining a member of the European Union."


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The Santa Fe-Hitchcock Rotary Club will have a Pancake Breakfast with the Easter Bunny from 7 a.m. to 10 a.m. Saturday at Red Cap Restaurant, 13419 state Highway 6.
The cost is $5 per person.
The club also will have its Easter egg hunt at 10:30 a.m. Saturday at Joe A. Tambrella Park, 13306 Sixth St. (next to Mae S. Bruce Library).
The hunt, sponsored by the Santa Fe Parks and Recreation Board, is for ages 1-10.
Call Terri Westmoreland, 409-925-6412 or 409-316-1988.
Paul's Union Church will have its Palm Sunday service at 9:30 a.m. Sunday and Easter Sunday there will be a breakfast at 8:30 a.m. and service at 9:30 a.m. March 31 at 1709 S. Oak St.
The choir will present their cantata, and the children also will present their program on Easter Sunday.
For information, call 409-599-3423.
First Presbyterian Church will have its Palm Sunday service at 10:30 a.m. Sunday in the courtyard on the church grounds, 1112 Seventh St. N.
The church also will observe Holy Week with a Maundy Thursday service at 6 p.m. March 28.
For information, call 409-945-2931.
Easter in the Park will be at 1 p.m. Sunday at Stevenson Park, 1000 S. Friendswood Drive.
The event is for children ages 1-10.
Call 281-482-3329.
In honor of Palm Sunday, V. Michael McKay and Yolanda Adams will present "The Power of the Resurrection" musical at 6 p.m. Sunday at Mount Olive Baptist Church, 11539 S. Gessner Road.
The musical will feature preachers who sing, and singers who preach to include: William Jordan, Keion Henderson, Brian Nelson, Chad Stevenson, Terry Mackey, John White II and Jermaine Landrum, of New Orleans, as well as a choir composed of singers from across Houston and Galveston counties.
Admission is free and open to the public.
Congregation Shaar Hashalom will have its Second-night Passover Seder dinner at 6 p.m. March 26 at 16020 El Camino Real.
Tickets are $22 for adults and $11 for ages 6-12. Children 6 and younger accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Attendees must RSVP by March 15.
Call 281-488-5861.
The Hitchcock Chamber of Commerce will have an Easter Bake Sale fundraiser from 9 a.m. until sold out March 29 in the lobby of Texas First Bank, 8028 state Highway 6.
If you would like to donate baked goods, take to the bank by 9 a.m. March 29.
Proceeds will benefit the Hitchcock High School Scholarship Fund.
Call Bobbie Sander, 409-986-6101, JoAnn Robinson, 409-986-5036, or Monica Cantrell, 409-986-9224.
Temple Baptist Church will have its Resurrection Musical at 7 p.m. March 29 at 1200 22nd St. N.
"The Night Before Easter" is the theme.
Call 409-945-5915.
New Directions Baptist Church will have its Youth Easter program at 7 p.m. March 29 and its Easter Sunrise service at 6 a.m. and 11 a.m. March 31 at 4601 FM 517.
For information, call 281-534-7333.
The city of Kemah will have its Easter "Egg-Stravaganza!" at 10 a.m. March 30 at the Jimmy Walker Community Center, 800 Harris Ave.
Parents can take their cameras to take photos with the Easter Bunny.
Free goody bags will be given away to children 8 and younger.
There also will be a petting zoo, games, prizes, candy and more.
Visit visitkemahtx.com.
The American Legion Post No. 554 will have its Children's Easter Egg Hunt at 1 p.m. March 30 at 1650 state Highway 3 S.
The event is for children ages 12 and younger.
Call 281-332-8733.


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Cowboystight end Jason Witten has teamed with Mothers Against Drunk Driving and Archie Comics to warn Archie, Jughead and the rest of the gang at Riverdale High, as well as other, real-life teenagers and parents about the dangers of underage alcohol consumption.
"The whole idea here is prevention. To prevent kids from drinking," Victor Gorelick, president and editor-in-chief of Archie Comics, told The Associated Press. "But a lot of parents know that this can be a big problem with teenagers, yet they have problems talking to their kids."
MADD recently contacted Archie Comics about PowerTalk 21, an annual national event on April 21, which aims to encourage parents to talk to their kids about drinking. The idea of Witten visiting Riverdale in a special issue of Archie was spawned shortly thereafter.
"One of the things that was discussed was the possibility of doing a story, involving Jason Witten," Gorelick said. "Riverdale is his first stop and that he's going to other schools, too."
Now, this idea has become reality. In the issue, Riverdale's prom is just around the corner, and Archie and the gang are preparing for a big party at the house of a student whose parents are out of town.
"We've always tried to keep Archie up with the times," Gorelick said. "The story is not that long -- only about eight pages, and it's entertaining, but it gets the message across at the same time."
Stay on top of the latest Dallas Cowboys news with NBCDFW.com. Follow NBC DFW Sports on Facebook or have breaking Cowboys news sent directly to your phone with Blue Star SMS alerts. Text "bluestar" to 622339 (NBCDFW) to subscribe to this free service. Read more about it here.


text: BenQ expands its Joybook R series lineup with the launch of Joybook R45. Powered by a 2.10 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo processor, the Joybook R45 features an extra-bright 14.1" widescreen display enhanced by the BenQ's patented UltraVivid technology, an integrated 2-megapixel webcam for video calls and a luxurious leather-like finish with special soft-touch coating. The Joybook R45 also comes equipped with the best-of-class nVIDIA GeForce 8400M G discrete graphics and supports major WiFi standards, keeping you connected at much faster speed. Meticulously designed and built, the Joybook R45's leather-like finish with latch-free closure evokes a handsome leather-bound folio that enables the R45 to fit in with any personal accessories. The WLAN and power buttons are set in a stunning aluminum decorative strip with a striking crimson seam making the laptop the one that truly stands out from the rest. BenQ's visual display expertise amplifies all applications from video calls to multimedia applications. The Joybook R45's 14.1" wide-screen LCD panel is rated at an extra-bright 200nits and its display performance is boosted further by BenQ's patented UltraVivid technology, which takes advantage of DBEF (Display Brilliance Enhancement Film) to deliver vibrant, razor-sharp picture quality that is always perfect, even for brightly-lit environments. The Joybook R45 is a mobile multimedia powerhouse that offers superior experience rendered by the best-of-class nVIDIA GeForce 8400M G discrete graphics compatible with the integrated HDMI interface, speakers (1.5W x 2) with the smart noise suppression and echo cancellation and an integrated microphone for high quality video calls and other AV applications. The BenQ R45 will be available in China, Taiwan, S. East Asia and Russia in April, 2008. The official product page can be found here. Source: BenQ


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Mr X Stitch Presents: Beefranck's Emporium – Steotch
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Over at Mr X Stitch we're blessed with the services of Beefranck, the Queen of Ironic Stitching, who curates the terrific "Emporium of Embroidered Excellence and Splendiferous Stitchery". Each week, these posts explore themes expressed through embroidery, and they're ace. So without further ado, I welcome you to…
Hi everybody! This week I'm showcasing the work of Steotch.
Steotch takes traditional cross stitch motifs and subverts them, adding current pop culture references with hilarious results.
Obviously we're a big fan of this sort of thing here at Mr X Stitch. 🙂
I knew I had to share her work when I found myself wishing I had made pretty much everything I saw in her shop.
This one made me laugh out loud. 🙂
She always seems to put the right phrase with the right font and motifs to make some truly awesome pieces.
See more great stuff at Steotch's Flickr photostream and etsy store. Great things await!
Beefranck is the Queen of Ironic Stitching and is responsible for a lot of stuff on www.mrxstitch.com, the number one contemporary embroidery and needlecraft blog on the planet. She is also the top selling pattern designer in the MrXStitch etsy store.
She can often be found hanging out in the Phat Quarter group on Flickr and co-hosts Emergency Pants, a podcast that is not for the faint hearted!


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TOP NORTH AMERICAN FILM FESTIVALS plus ADDITIONAL FILM FESTIVALS IN THE UNITED STATES/CANADA.
(in alphabetical order):
c/o IFP/West
8750 Wilshire Blvd, 2nd Fl.
Beverly Hills, CA 90211-2713
Phone: (323) 951-7090
Fax: (323) 432-1203
Website: www.lafilmfest.com
E-mail: email@example.com
Festival Date: June 21-29, 2002
Entry Deadline: Mar. 22, 2002
More than 30,000 people attend what has evolved into a world-class event, uniting emerging filmmakers with film critics, scholars, masters, and the film-going public. After successfully launching in 1993 (then called the Los Angeles Independent Film Festival), this festival surprised many in the industry by doing the unthinkable: bringing great independent films to the center of Hollywood. During last year's nine-day event, 51 feature films (22 world premieres) and 48 short films were screened. Many acquisitions executives and other working creative people in the industry attend this festival because it provides an environment conducive to business like this. Among the films that secured distribution deals last year were Kissing Jessica Stein, which will be released in March by Fox Searchlight Pictures and which helps prove that there's more to life than getting your film accepted into Sundance.
The Film Society of Lincoln Center
70 Lincoln Center Plaza, 4th Fl.
New York, NY 10023
Phone: (212) 875-5610
Fax: (212) 875-5636
Website: www.filmlinc.com
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Festival Date: Mar. 22-Apr. 7, 2002
Entry Deadline: Passed (January)
Co-sponsored by New York's Museum of Modern Art, this festival has earned an international reputation as the foremost forum for film art that breaks or remakes the cinematic mold. As a festival dedicated to discovering emerging and overlooked artists, newcomers on the verge of mainstream success, and distinguished veterans whose work deserves wider public attention, New Directors/New Films nurtures directorial talent by creating an invaluable opportunity for that talent to win public support and acceptance. Since its beginnings in 1972, New Directors has been treated to an early preview of such talents as Wim Wenders, Steven Spielberg, John Sayles, Spike Lee, Sally Potter, Pedro Almodovar, Ken Burns, Peter Greenaway, and Whit Stillman.
Film Society of Lincoln Center
70 Lincoln Center Plaza
New York, NY 10023
Phone: (212) 875-5610; (212) 875-5638
Fax: (212) 875-5636
Website: www.filmlinc.com
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Festival Date: Sept. 27-Oct. 13, 2002
Entry Deadline: June 15, 2002
Celebrating its 40th year, this festival continues its proud tradition of showing the newest and most important cinematic works by directors from around the world. The 17-day festival is an unparalleled showcase of inspiring and provocative cinema by emerging talents and first-rank international artists whose films are often recognized as contemporary classics. Premieres have included Pedro Almodovar's All About My Mother, Lars von Trier's Dancer in the Dark, and Ang Lee's Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon.
San Francisco Film Society
39 Mesa St., Ste. 110
The Presidio
San Francisco, CA 94129
Phone: (415) 561-5000
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Website: www.sfiff.org
Festival Date: Apr. 18-May 2, 2002
Entry Deadline: Passed (January)
More than 40 years old, SFIFF boasts attendance of approximately 70,000 people each year. There are two festival components: a competitive category for documentaries, shorts, animation, experimental, and television productions, and an invitational, non-competitive category for narrative features.
911 Pine St., 6th Fl.
Seattle, WA 98101
Phone: (206) 464-5830
Fax: (206) 264-7919
Website: www.seattlefilm.com
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Festival Date: May 23-June 16, 2002
Entry Deadline: Mar. 1, 2002
Nearly a month in length, this festival boasts an attendance of more than 130,000 and presents 250 features and 50 shorts from 50 countries, which makes SIFF both the largest and the longest-running film festival in the world. It offers competitive and non-competitive screenings, hosting the world premieres of such anticipated Hollywood blockbusters as George Lucas' The Empire Strikes Back and Mel Gibson's Braveheart, as well as popular indie films like Richard Linklater's Dazed and Confused and Danny Boyle's Trainspotting. The festival also attracts top-notch talent to participate: Bryan Singer, Todd Haynes, Carl Franklin, Tom DiCillo, Gus Van Sant, Sean Penn, Russell Crowe, Julianne Moore, Wallace Shawn, and Vincent D'Onofrio, to name a few.
5634 Melrose Ave.
Los Angeles, CA 90036
Phone: (323) 466-1786
Fax: (323) 466-1784
Website: www.slamdance.com
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Festival Date: Passed (mid-January)
Entry Deadline: October (early for 2003 fest); November (late for 2003 fest)
Founded in 1995, this maverick film festival "by filmmakers for filmmakers" is charming for its integrity and rebellious spirit. It takes place in the heart of Park City, Utah, to coincide with the Sundance Film Festival and has become a viable option for independent filmmakers to screen their works for many of the same people attending the larger, more dominant festival in town. As Slamdance has grown in stature, so too has the number of submissions (more than 2,000 short and feature entries were submitted for consideration for the most recent festival, out of which only about 80 films were selected).
While Sundance's roster of films increasingly includes established filmmakers and name actors, as well as distributors attached, Slamdance has remained entirely true to its very independent spirit. Its main feature competition (about a dozen or so) is strictly devoted to films without domestic theatrical distribution, with first-time feature directors, and with relatively low budgets. In addition to fiction features, Slamdance also shows shorts, documentaries, and experimental films. It also holds a screenplay competition and an online shorts competition.
P.O. Box 4999
Austin, TX 78765
Phone: (512) 467-7979
Fax: (512) 451-0754
Website: www.sxsw.com
E-mail: email@example.com
Festival Date: Mar. 8-17, 2002
Entry Deadline: November (for 2003 fest)
As quoted in Filmmaker Magazine, "SXSW is a rare blend of informative panels, strong programming, and a relaxed social scene... SXSW has become a staple on the festival circuit for its ability to launch a film." Founded in 1994, this film festival began as an extension of the SXSW Music and Media Conference and has quickly established itself as a formidable force in the indie film world. Divided into film, interactive, and music categories, these three industry events converge in Austin during a Texas-sized week, mirroring the ever increasing convergence of entertainment/media outlets. It lasts nine days and attracts the likes of Kevin Smith, Quentin Tarantino, Robert Rodriguez, Richard Linklater, and John Sayles.
This year's stellar lineup includes screenings of features directed by Peter Bogdanovich, Tony Shalhoub, Ethan Hawke, Roman Coppola, Guillermo del Toro, a short written by Steve Martin, and short films featuring mega-talents, including Samuel L. Jackson and Frances McDormand.
P.O. Box 3630
Salt Lake City, UT 84110-3630
California Headquarters:
225 Santa Monica Blvd., 8th Fl.
Santa Monica, CA 90401
Phone: (801) 328-3456 (UT); (310) 394-4662 (CA)
Fax: (801) 575-5175 (UT); (310) 394-8353 (CA)
Website: www.sundance.org
E-mail: email@example.com (UT); firstname.lastname@example.com (CA)
Festival Date: Passed (mid-January)
Entry Deadline: September/October (for 2003 fest)
What began 20 years ago as a relatively low-key event has exploded into the premiere U.S. festival, showcasing what is considered to be some of the very best of contemporary independent filmmaking. The Sundance Institute, which puts on this much-anticipated festival each winter, was founded by Robert Redford as a means for filmmakers to gain support and creative advice from industry luminaries.
In addition to the festival, which draws sold-out crowds of 20,000 and top film-industry professionals to Park City, the institute offers a sought-after mentoring program. Alumni of the institute's labs make up a virtual who's who of indie all-stars. The festival has launched the careers of too many directors and actors to mention here, and it remains one of the prime avenues for indie filmmakers to sell their work to distributors.
Not surprisingly it's difficult to get an invitation from Sundance to show your work. Should your film be denied acceptance into the festival, however, it is far from the end of the road. As you can see from Back Stage West's comprehensive listing, it is not the only worthwhile festival to consider.
For The Complete Listing Click Here