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I'm somewhat familiar with the first one as I just played the demo but it seemed fun, however, at the same time didn't have enough to pay full retail for it and kind of forgot about it when it price dropped.
Might get it for either the PS3 or 360 now that it's cheaper though or maybe even on the PC if my gfx card can handle it.
What do you guys think about it?


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RANGERS has moved to assure fans there is no threat to the company that owns the club after it emerged a Singapore-based finance group is seeking a winding-up order over a £400,000 debt.
The Glasgow club, which has previously said it was debt free, responded to the latest embarrassing episode to befall the brand by saying the sums sought were insignificant, and that it was close to an agreement over payment.
The claim is understood to have arisen from a failure to pay two of four invoices issued by Orlit Enterprises.
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It is believed to have arisen from the Singapore company's involvement in introducing investors to provide seed capital to buy Rangers from the administrators and secure the June 2012 payroll.
Orlit Enterprises is said to have taken the action because there was no satisfactory answer to the non-payment, and is understood to be seeking the winding-up of The Rangers Football Club Limited (RFCL), formerly Sevco Scotland Ltd, the company vehicle used to buy the Ibrox club's assets while in administration.
The club said in a statement: "With regard to stories circulating about Rangers and Orlit, the sums sought are insignificant and an agreement has been reached subject to the necessary paperwork.
"Rangers Football Club is capable of meeting any debts presented legitimately and we would like to stress to our supporters there is no threat to the club whatsoever. The matter is unworthy of further comment."
Orlit is linked to businessman Chan Fook Meng, an associate of Rangers chief executive Charles Green.
In its offer to float RFCL's parent company Rangers International Football Club plc on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange, the club stated it did not have access to banking facilities.
Mr Green has consistently claimed Rangers is "debt-free" and the share prospectus stated that, as of October 31, "RFCL has no debt".
The club subsequently announced it had raised more than £22 million from its listing.
Mr Green stated he had secured £17m in pledges from institutional investors – including Legal & General, Hargreaves Hale and Artemis – and set aside £10m for fans to buy a stake.
Oldco Rangers entered administration on February 14, 2012, nine months after Craig Whyte bought Sir David Murray's 85.6% shareholding for £1.
HMRC filed a petition at the Court of Session in Edinburgh for a court-appointed administrator over an unpaid tax bill of £14m incurred since Whyte took over at Ibrox.
But the court agreed to the withdrawal of the HMRC petition to allow Whyte to appoint his own administrators, Duff and Phelps.
The administrators negotiated a sale of the club's assets to a consortium led by Mr Green, the former Sheffield United chairman for £5.5m. The team now plies its trade in the Scottish Third Division.
Meanwhile Rangers Oldco is in the process of being liquidated after Lord Hodge appointed accountancy and audit firm BDO as interim liquidators in November after eight months in administration.
BDO is currently investigating the books to determine whether further repayment can be made to creditors, and to pursue any outstanding debts.
Orlit Enterprises was unavailable for comment.
Mr Green was formerly a non-executive director of Mongolian mining firm Nova Resources – until his resignation "to pursue other interests" – when Chan Fook Meng was its chief executive.
Rangers financial director Brian Stockbridge has acted as an adviser and broker for companies associated with Mr Chan.
On Monday HMRC lodged an appeal against a tax tribunal finding in favour of Rangers' past use of Employee Benefit Trusts (EBTs).
HMRC claimed the scheme, which was used from 2001 to 2010 to make £47.65m in payments to players and staff in the form of tax-free loans, was illegal.
But the Rangers directors disputed this and a First Tier Tax Tribunal ruled the scheme did not breach tax law. The case is now be heard at an Upper Tier Tax Tribunal.

subset: commoncrawl


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Team, Inc. provides specialty industrial services in the United States, Canada, Europe, and internationally.
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FMC Corporation, a diversified chemical company, provides solutions, applications, and products for the agricultural, consumer, and industrial markets worldwide.
The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc., through its subsidiaries, provides insurance and financial services to individual and business customers in the United States.
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text:
The global banking industry on Monday urged the Group of 20 economic powers to deliver on pledges to harmonize financial regulation, warning their commitment appears to be fraying. The new managing director of the Institute of International Finance, Tim Adams, also sought to downplay concerns about a currency war, an issue expected to be at the top of the agenda at G20 finance talks later this week. Adams said that press reports that the Group of Seven advanced economies were preparing a joint statement in favor of market-determined foreign exchange rates would be an \"important step.\" Adams said it was critical the G7 and G20 deliver clear communications from the summit to help cool recent currency market volatility. \"Unless some clarity is offered... these movements will continue,\" he said at a news conference in Washington. Still, he said, \"I don\'t think we\'re on the verge of a currency war,\" though he acknowledged it could be a \"skirmish.\" Finance ministers and central bankers of the G20 group, the world\'s most powerful advanced and emerging economies, meet on Friday and Saturday in Moscow. Speculation about a currency war has been stoked by moves in Japan to weaken the yen, European worries about an overly strong euro, and complaints in emerging markets against the weaker US dollar amid ultra-loose Federal Reserve monetary policy. Adams stressed \"the need for cooperation and coordination\" among finance chiefs. The IIF, which represents more than 450 financial institutions around the world, said its members were \"deeply troubled\" by the trend toward \"increasingly fragmented financial regulation.\" The tendency of nations to act to protect their own financial service sectors and taxpayers against risk \"is threatening to undo decades of cross-border cooperation,\" the IIF said. \"If we fail to preserve the spirit -- and the fact -- of international harmonization of financial regulation, we run the risk of inhibiting the global economic regeneration so desperately needed by people everywhere.\" In a letter, the IIF called on the G20 powers to renew their willingness to work together, as they had in the 2007-2009 financial crisis, particularly because the recovery remains frail. \"This trend to a more territorial approach, especially ring-fencing assets, capital and liquidity, threatens not only to undo recent movement toward regulatory cooperation under G20 initiatives, but also to set back earlier achievements of cross-border cooperation that have helped fuel global economic growth.\" Adams, a former US Treasury under secretary for international affairs, said it was better to focus on financial and fiscal integration, competitiveness and growth \"and let market forces determine exchange rates and values.\" \"Maybe it\'s time that we take stock of what\'s been promised and committed to over the past decade and try to achieve those goals before we take on new areas,\" he said.
GMT 18:10 2017 Monday ,20 NovemberPhilippines' Duterte offers telecoms role to new ally China
GMT 18:03 2017 Monday ,20 NovemberBrexit and the City: taking London's financial pulse
GMT 15:27 2017 Sunday ,19 NovemberEU slashes Turkey's pre-accession funds by $124m
GMT 15:05 2017 Sunday ,19 November"No fireworks" at NAFTA talks, but few signs of progress
GMT 23:11 2017 Friday ,17 NovemberIMF sees stronger growth in Myanmar, but Rohingya crisis may hurt investment
GMT 22:59 2017 Friday ,17 NovemberBitcoin at all-time high near $8,000
GMT 22:38 2017 Friday ,17 NovemberBitcoin bubble warning, but blockchain takes off
GMT 00:49 2017 Friday ,17 NovemberPhilippine economy grows 6.9 percent in the third quarter, beats forecasts


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There's nothing "Christian" about discrimination and residents of Winfield, Alabama, who are outraged over a pastors' conference that is designed for white people only, agree. Critics are charging that the event is racist in nature, as organizers and conference attendees vocally defend their choice to exclude anyone with a different skin tone.
The Rev. William Collier, the apparent organizer, doubled down on the "whites only" event, saying, according to WBRC-TV, "We don't have the facilities to accommodate other people." But his commentary went well beyond that.
"We haven't got any invitations to black Muslim events. Of course, we are not invited to Jewish events and stuff," he added.
Collier also said that he and his followers believe that whites are "God's chosen people." While he denies that racism is at the heart of the event, he admits that some members and attendees are Ku Klux Klan (KKK) members (but membership in the Klan isn't a requirement).
Naturally, his group, Christian Identity Ministries, is drawing the ire of protesters — among them, mainly other Christians — who stand in opposition to what they see as exclusionary and discriminatory actions.
"It sounds like racism to me. Everyone has the right to peaceful assembly, but to just point out you only want white Christians, that doesn't sound Christian," said the Rev. Calvin Woods of the Southern Leadership Conference. "To me at all, sounds like something Satan would want."
WBRC captures some of the other reactions to the bizarre and controversial event:
Tom Burgess is shocked so much racism still exists.
Burgess said, "There is a level of intolerance that exists. I just think it's a move in the wrong direction."
Kimberly Ellis isn't surprised by people who still hate others because of their skin color, she added, "…especially in Alabama."
Ellis said, "We're in the south, it's where they grew up, where they started. If people are still teaching their children the same thing, they learn it. I expect it."
WSFA.com: News Weather and Sports for Montgomery, AL.
Another point of contention, as CBS42.com notes, is the "Sacred Christian Cross Lighting Ceremony," which is included last on the flyer advertising the event. Naturally, this gives rise to connotations involving the KKK and its racist, cross-burning actions. But organizers claim the ceremony is being done to merely showcase the fact that their faith has a symbolic meaning and that their actions are Bible-based. Not everyone is buying into that excuse.
"The only context that I'm familiar with is one that is not very positive. And one that really symbolizes an era that many of us have hoped to put behind us," said Hezekiah Jackson, president of the Birmingham Metro NAACP. "And that is this whole era of Jim Crow, this whole era of white supremacy, this whole era of discrimination and racial hatred."
The fourth annual event is scheduled to take place from July 4-6.
(H/T: Friendly Atheist)


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Hawaii Isle police wins masters state hoops title
Hawaii Island police brought home some hardware after participating in the 2014 SHOPO State Basketball Tournament held Aug. 30-31 in Kilauea, Kauai.
Three teams made up of police officers and friends played in three divisions: Open, Masters, and Golden Masters.
The tournament is an annual event hosted by Hawaii's police departments on a rotational basis.
In the Golden Masters Division, "Bay City Blues" of the Big Island finished in third place after heart-breaking losses.
In the championship game, "Run N Gun" from Oahu narrowly beat "Ohana Blue" from Kauai with a score of 39-35.
Members of the All-Star team included Robert Wagner and Tommy Waltjen from "Bay City Blues." Other players on the "Bay City Blues" team were Greg Esteban, Walter Ah Mow, Rollin Rabara, Bill Vickery, Prentiss Moreno, Edwin Namohala, and Wally Ogata.
In the Masters Division, Big Island won the championship over "Ohana Blue" with a score of 43-35.
Keith Nacis led the Big Island with 18 points and was selected the MVP for the Masters Division.
Joining Nacis on the All-Star team were Keenan Kaleo and Chuck Cobile from the Big Island. Other members of the Big Island team were Aaron Kaleo, Roland Kuamoo, Josh Flores, Namohala, Kana Correa, Auggie Aina, C.C. Melendez, Wagner and Moreno.
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When Should MDs Get MBAs?
There's a lot to be said for the U.S. medical education system. In a few short years it transforms the best and brightest young adults into highly-trained physicians with the knowledge and character to make life or death decisions.
But practicing medicine today requires more than strong clinical skills. There are also financial and operational decisions to make, and that is where most medical schools fall short. New physicians often leave training unprepared to negotiate contracts, cut practice costs, or deal with other business aspects of medicine.
This shortcoming is becoming clearer as reimbursement declines and margins tighten, making it more difficult than ever to run a practice.
Some, particularly younger physicians, are aware of the weakness and choose to avoid financial decisions altogether by working as salaried employees. Most physicians got into the field to practice medicine, so letting an employer handle the business aspects seems naturally appealing.
Others, however, are trying to plug the holes in their knowledge of healthcare and become more business savvy. The number of physicians returning to classrooms to get MBAs has spiked in the last couple of years, AMNews reports. According to the American College of Physician Executives, at least 2,000 physicians are enrolled in its affiliated master's degree-level business programs at any one time.
So how do you decide if getting an MBA is right for you?
First, understand that it isn't going to change your life, says Mark DeFrancesco, MD, MBA, FACOG, chief medical officer with Women's Health Connecticut, Inc.
"It's not like the Wizard of Oz where you get this and all the sudden you're brilliant," he says. "You're the same person you were before you had it. It's just a question of having more formal training."
DeFrancesco entered an MBA program after 10 years of practicing as an OB/GYN, and he now splits his time evenly between clinical and administrative duties. The value of the MBA comes from making it a little easier to switch hats between those worlds, he says. "Most of us that pursue this really do it to become the intermediary—to explain medicine to business partners and to explain business to the medical partners."
If that's not the career you had in mind, an MBA might not be worthwhile. An academic study of how MBAs affect physicians' careers found that most physicians spent substantially more time on administrative responsibilities after completing the program. An MBA can open up doors to administrative opportunities, but make sure you're prepared to lose a little clinical time.
Ultimately, a business degree will alter your view of the world, but what you do with it is up to you, according to Terry Loftus, MD, a physician blogger currently in an MBA program."It also provides specific tools you can use to re-evaluate how you approach your work," he writes. "It's similar to what I experienced the first time I used the Internet. I thought 'That is really cool.' Little did I know at the time how indispensable it would become in my life."
Elyas Bakhtiari is a managing editor with HealthLeaders Media. He can be reached at email@example.com.
Note: You can sign up to receive HealthLeaders Media PhysicianLeaders, a free weekly e-newsletter that features the top physician business headlines of the week from leading news sources.


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Security Cupboards
1800mm Height, 900mm Width, 460mm Depth, 3 Shelves
This is a 1800mm high, 900mm wide and 400mm deep, strong welded steel Security Cupboard with 3 shelves, grey powder coated body and a range of colours to choose from to customise the doors.
This item is manufactured to order as per your specifications and therefore cannot be returned unless faulty, this does not affect your statutory rights.Enquire
- Height: 800mm
- Width (left-right): 900mm
- Depth (front-back): 400mm
- Type: Security Cupboard
Product information
Constructed from heavy gauge steel and fitted with superior anti-pick locking system.
- Strong welded all steel structure
- Seven lever safe lock
- Full length heavy duty hinges with concealed fixings
- Adjustable shelves
- Light grey body with Blue, Red or Grey doors
- GermGuard Active technology anti-bacterial paint finish
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text:
Stephen Kwan holds a photo of his son Henry, who jumped to his death after taking what was described as "synthetic LSD". Photo: SMH
It's always a slightly surreal feeling when you watch, from the sidelines, as the world around you descends into moral panic.
Like watching a tragic comedy, when the audience knows the main characters are making ridiculous decisions but can do nothing more than shout at the television screen.
I don't know about you, but watching the furore about synthetic drugs this week, I've done a bit of shouting at the screen.
It began with the tragic death of a teenage boy, Henry Kwan, who jumped to his death after taking what was described as "synthetic LSD" - although some people say it's more like an amphetamine.
I wouldn't know what it was like, as I've never bought drugs off the internet. But more and more people seem to be doing so.
Every month, four entirely new chemical substances, and 10 retail outlets selling them to Australians, are emerging, not including those on the "hidden" internet drug sales site the silk road.
This week the NSW Fair Trading Minister has implemented a 60 day snap ban on 19 brands of synthetic drugs – and accused the federal government of "hiding" from the issue by not promising its own bans.
Trying to stop the sale of these emerging drugs by retrospectively adding substances on to a "banned list" strikes me as like trying to deal with sea-level rises by giving the SES some extra sand-bags.
Yet this is exactly what we are doing.
The NSW government has also huffed and puffed about adopting an "early warning system", which is credited in Europe with identifying 73 new drugs last year. But for every one of those 73 drugs a small tweak to the chemical structure can create an entirely new drug again.
The reality is that the more we ban, the more new drugs will be invented, and global markets mean these drugs will reach our shores.
And constructive attempts by industry to implement safety testing, mainstreaming these sales within bricks-and-mortar shops, have been rejected.
''I'm not interested in testing them,' NSW Fair Trading Minister Anthony Roberts said in response to the Eros Foundation proposing a self-funded $200 million testing scheme.
He may have well have stuck his fingers in his ears and shouted "LA LA LA LA LA", so desperate was his attempt to ignore the simple truth that Australians want to take drugs. The recent Fairfax Global Drug Survey, which included more than 6000 Australians, found two thirds of them had used illicit drugs in the past year alone.
Banning drugs has never worked as a policy. We just keep on smoking, snorting, swallowing and injecting.
But what it has worked to do is push people towards these novel new drugs. When you have no drug contacts and want to experiment with LSD, you might have trouble finding it.
But now you won't have trouble finding your local newsagent, sex-shop or website promising a "legal" alternative.
So we end up with a situation where these kids don't take LSD (which, by the way, was identified in the Global Drug Survey as one of the most pleasurable drugs when respondents weighed up harms versus benefits), but do end up taking some random, untested drug from the internet.
And the more we ban the new drugs the more we push people into newer and more untested territory.
Politicians like to dress their moralistic attempts to ban these drugs under the cover of community safety, but that is at best ignorant blindness and at worst dishonest misrepresentation.
By incentivising the creators of new "legal" drugs to become more and more creative – and reckless – in developing new drugs to skirt bans, they are pushing people to make more dangerous choices.
But the very debate, too, ignores the harsh truth that we allow far more dangerous things to be legal in our society.
(Drug expert David Nutt famously lost his job in the UK after writing a paper "Equasy — An overlooked addiction with implications for the current debate on drug harms", which showed horse-riding was a more dangerous pastime than ecstasy use.)
Even the NSW Fair Trading Minister has only been able to point out two deaths from these drugs, along with some serious injuries.
Every death – particularly of an innocent child simply trying to experiment - is tragic. But to put this in perspective, according to data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, more people died in 2010 from venomous snakes, bees, wasps and lizards (6 people), playground equipment (3 people), ice-skates, skis, rollerblades or skateboards (4 people) and power tools (5 people).
It's interesting to note that the only sensible comments from a politician so far have from Greens MP Richard Di Natale - a former drug and alcohol clinician. He said simply banning drugs will lead to "a pharmacological arms race where bans are always one step behind".
"The status quo is unacceptable but we also need to take a measured approach that ensures we put the health of the community first," he said.
Sensible words in a sea of posturing. Barring the rest of the political world agreeing to listen to what Senator Di Natale has to say, our only hope may be the successful introduction of a harm-reduction scheme in New Zealand.
Maybe once they have been brave enough to move in this direction Australian politicians will be able to inject more evidence into the national conversation around drugs.
Only then will the high moral ground in this debate be able to shift back to the people who want to talk about the realities of drug use in Australia, rather than simply repeating the rhetoric of failed prohibition.


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ISRN Surgery
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 960424, 3 pages
Pancreatic Remnant Occlusion after Whipple's Procedure: An Alternative Oncologically Safe Method
2nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieion Hospital, University of Athens, 76 Vasilissis Sophias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece
Received 15 May 2013; Accepted 14 July 2013
Academic Editors: A. H. Al-Salem and E. Wiebke
Copyright © 2013 Theodosios Theodosopoulos et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Introduction. To present our experience regarding the use of pancreatic stump occlusion technique as an alternative management of the pancreatic remnant after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). Methods. Between 2002 and 2009, hospital records of 93 patients who had undergone a Whipple's procedure for either pancreatic-periampullary cancer or chronic pancreatitis were retrospectively studied. In 37 patients the pancreatic duct was occluded by stapling and running suture without anastomosis of the pancreatic remnant, whereas in 56 patients a pancreaticojejunostomy was performed. Operative data, postoperative complications, oncological parameters, and survival rates were recorded. Results. 2/37 patients of the occlusion group and 9/56 patients of the anastomosis group were treated for chronic pancreatitis, whereas 35/37 and 47/56 patients for periampullary malignancies. The duration of surgery for the anastomosis group was significantly longer (mean time 220 versus 180 minutes). Mean hospitalization time was 6 days for both groups. The occlusion group had a lower morbidity rate (24% versus 32%). With regard to postoperative complications, a slightly higher incidence of pancreatic fistulas was observed in the anastomosis group. Conclusions. Pancreatic remnant occlusion is a safe, technically feasible, and reducing postoperative complications alternative approach of the pancreatic stump during Whipple's procedure.
1. Introduction
Progress in surgical technique and perioperative management has significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality rate of pancreatic resection procedures [1, 2]. The majority of postoperative complications after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) arise from pancreatic leakage by the pancreatic stump. The pancreatic anastomosis is called by some authors the "Achilles heel" of pancreatic surgery due to its high rate of complications among all abdominal anastomoses [3, 4]. The optimal management of the pancreatic remnant after PD remains a challenge. More than 80 different methods of pancreaticoenteric reconstruction have been described, indicating the absence of a gold standard technique [5]. An interesting alternative option is the pancreatic stump occlusion technique with various methods. Our institution's eight-year experience using this approach in a nonselected group of patients is presented herein. The objective of our trial was to compare the two operative approaches for the management of the pancreatic remnant with regard to mean operative time, postoperative complications, oncological parameters, and one-year survival rates.
2. Materials and Methods
A retrospective study was performed in a nonselected series of 93 patients treated between September 2002 and December 2009 with suspected pancreatic and periampullary cancers or chronic pancreatitis. All patients underwent Whipple's procedure in our hospital. There were 65 men (70%) and 28 women (30%), and their mean age was 64 years (range, 41–83 years). The first group included 37 patients, in which the pancreatic duct was occluded by stapling and a running 3–0 polypropylene suture without anastomosis of the pancreatic remnant. The second group composed of 56 patients, in which a traditional end-to-end or end-to-side invagination pancreaticojejunostomy was performed after PD. The pancreatic remnant was invaginated into the jejunum by about 2 cm, and two-layer sutures were performed interruptedly. In all cases one drainage tube was placed posterior to the biliary-jejunal anastomosis, and for the second group the same tube was placed over the pancreatic anastomosis as well. The drainage was removed on the third postoperative day, unless a pancreatic fistula was confirmed. All patients were operated by the same surgical team.
The indications for surgery in the first group were pancreatic cancer (, 70.27%), carcinoma of the Vater's ampulla (, 21.62%), common bile duct carcinoma (, 2.7%), and chronic pancreatitis (, 5.40%) and similarly, in the second group pancreatic cancer (, 60.7%), Vater's ampulla carcinoma (, 21.40%), common bile duct carcinoma (, 10.7%), and chronic pancreatitis (, 7.10%) (Table 1).
The decision for occlusion of the pancreatic remnant was directed by two criteria:(a) pancreatic duct preoperative imaging (either ERCP or MRCP depicting an already occluded duct),(b)intraoperative appearance of the duct indicating increased intraductal hydrostatic pressure (spurt of the pancreatic fluid at the time of opening of the pancreatic duct).
3. Results
The mean operative time for the occlusion group was 180 minutes (range 160–200 minutes) versus 220 minutes (range 190–240 minutes) in the anastomosis group. Mean hospitalization time was 6 days (range 4–11 days) for both groups. The mortality rate was 0% for the first group and 3% (1 patient died of myocardial infarction and one of postoperative hemorrhage) for the anastomotic one. The morbidity rate was 24% in the occlusion group whereas 32% in the latter. Pancreatic fistula was observed in 13 patients (23.2%) in the anastomotic group and in 2 patients (5.4%) in the occlusion group, and they were all managed conservatively. Pancreatic fistula was defined according to the International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula guidelines [5], as amylase rich fluid (with an amylase concentration in the drainage fluid more than 3 times the serum concentration). The fluid was collected by needle aspiration from an intra-abdominal collection or from the intraoperatively placed drain on the third postoperative day. Other complications included 2 wound infections in group one (5.4%) and 3 (5.3%) in group two, 1 bile leak (2.7%) in group one and 2 (3.5%) in group two, 3 cases of delayed gastric emptying (8.1%) in group one and 2 (3.6%) in group two, and 3 urinary tract infections in group one (8.1%) and 4 (7.1%) in group two (Table 2).
Finally, no difference regarding one year survival rates was recorded.
According to the literature, the function of the Langerhans' islets is not affected by pancreatic duct occlusion. In our series, there was no difference between the two groups regarding patient's needs for pancreatic enzymes replacement or the development of postoperative diabetes. In general no chronic abdominal pain and chronic pancreatitis differences were detected between the two groups (Table 3).
4. Discussion
During the last two decades PD is used with increasing frequency for the management of malignant, and also for benign periampullary lesions. Postoperative mortality rate has decreased significantly in comparison to the previous years and is reported below 5% in high volume centers [6], but morbidity is still considered high. Anastomotic leakage at the pancreaticojejunostomy is one of the most severe complications of PD with 5–25% rate among series according to different definitions [7, 8], leading to prolonged hospital stay, interventional radiology procedures, relaparotomy, and high mortality rates. Many anastomotic techniques have been described in order to prevent leakage from the pancreatic anastomosis, but unfortunately with no uniform results [9].
An interesting approach to this problem is the occlusion of the pancreatic remnant after PD. The absence of the pancreaticojejunal anastomosis could prevent a large portion of the postoperative complications of pancreatic surgery. Occlusion can be performed either by suturing the pancreatic duct with nonabsorbable suture material or by using synthetic materials, like fibrin glue solution, Tissucol, and Neoprene. Moreover, it has been reported that a pancreatic fistula resulting from an oversewn pancreatic remnant is less dangerous than one from a pancreaticojejunal anastomosis because there is no defect of the small bowel, which could lead to activation of leaking pancreatic enzymes [10].
In our series, pancreatic fistula rate was significantly lower in the pancreatic occlusion group, and the ones which occurred were managed with prolonged pancreatic drainage, indicating a low grade fistula. The most significant anatomic features influencing the development of this complication are the consistency of the pancreatic parenchyma and the size of the pancreatic duct [11]. These factors appeared to be similar in both of our groups. Furthermore, if both of the preoperative imaging studies (ERCP and MRCP) and the intraoperative findings indicate a dilated duct, then the pancreatic remnant occlusion technique seems to be a rather interesting alternative option. Despite the classic knowledge that dilated ducts indicate easier and more durable duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunal anastomosis, in our series dilated ducts in fibrotic pancreas with spurt of the pancreatic fluid at the time of opening of the pancreatic duct mean an already occluded duct, which we occlude once again after pancreatectomy by stapling and oversewing.
Pancreatic remnant occlusion is a safe, less complicated alternative management of the pancreatic stump during Whipple's procedure. Additionally, it neither affects the oncologic principles of the surgical procedure nor the long-term survival of patients treated for cancer of the head of the pancreas.
5. Conclusions
Pancreatic remnant occlusion is a safe, time consuming, and less complicated alternative management of the pancreatic stump during Whipple's procedure. Additionally, it does not affect the oncologic principles and long-term survival of patients treated for cancer of the head of the pancreas.
Conflict of Interests
All of the authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.
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- S. Srivastava, S. S. Sikora, C. M. Pandey, A. Kumar, and R. Saxena, "Determinants of pancreaticoenteric anastomotic leak following pancreaticoduodenectomy," ANZ Journal of Surgery, vol. 71, no. 9, pp. 511–515, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. G. Marcus, H. Cohen, J. H. C. Ranson et al., "Optimal management of the pancreatic remnant after pancreaticoduodenectomy," Annals of Surgery, vol. 221, no. 6, pp. 635–648, 1995. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- D. You, K. Jung, H. Lee, J. Heo, S. Choi, and D. Choi, "Comparison of different pancreatic anastomosis techniques using the definitions of the international study group of pancreatic surgery: a single surgeon's experience," Pancreas, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 896–902, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus


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I've been a huge fan of Monstrosity for awhile, and this album only solidifies my high opinion of this great death metal band. There are nine full length songs, most of which are around the five minute mark. There is also a minute long keyboard interlude, which is one of the few negative points on the album.
The first thing that stuck out to me the first time hearing this is that the drumming is unbelievable. Lee Harrison is now officially one of my favorite drummers, ever. The fills and technicality of the drumming are quite mind-blowing. The drumming reminds me of the drumming of Jontho from Ragnarok. Completely fast as fuck, but never repetitive. Mike Hrubovcak takes over the vocal duties and he very well may be the best vocalist Monstrosity has ever had. Pure crushing death metal here, accept no subsititutes.
Now on to a song by song review (yea it's that fucking good) :
The album kicks off with the track "Spiritual Apocalypse". As soon as you hear the insane riffing you know you're about to experience a great album. The guitar playing, quite simply, is as good as their previous stuff. It could be argued that the guitar playing here is slightly better than on their previous masterpieces. The song "Spiritual Apocalypse" really gives an insight to what the whole album is all about : great death metal vocals, lyrics, guitar playing and drumming. The vocals are straight death metal, but the vocalist does an awesome job of conveying the passion of the lyrics and music as well as keeping the lyrics intelligible.
"Firestorm" kicks off immediately where "Spiritual Apocalypse" ended. Although the songs are similar in style, they all maintain their own identity. The guitar solos to start this song off are nothing short of perfect - I suspect Kelly Shaefer (Atheist) may have lent his hand on some of the solos on this album.. As with most of the songs on this album, the lyrics deal with war, death and destruction. Right around the 2:18 mark another set of incredible solos to blow your fucking mind, followed directly by some of the best death metal vocals and lyrics I have ever heard.
"Apostles of the endless night" is brutal as fuck. No other way to put it. This album is great because it is pure mind raping brutal / technical death metal. But even though it's very heavy, it never loses it's sense of musicianship. Every note is obviously well thought out. The layered vocals on this song are very excellently executed in the chorus's. As with the the previous songs, around 2:20 a set of guitar solos to blow your fucking mind. As the song progresses, it somehow manages to get heavier and heavier.
"Within divisions of darkness" is truly a war song. If you're going into battle, this is the perfect anthem for destroying the motherfucking insurgency. The drumming is really what gives this song a very warlike feel to it. Right around two minutes you've got the incredibly tasteful dual vocals of a lower guttural death metal growl and the higher pitch Atheist/Arsis type vocals. This makes perfect sense as James Malone and Kelly Shaefer both contributed on this album. I don't know if they contributed on the vocals and guitar playing, but it does sound like they did contribute to the vocals as well. As the song ends you're left wishing for more!
"The inhuman race" continues the trend of the whole album : very technical and well thought out brutal death metal. If you're not head banging at around 1:20, then clean your fucking ears out. The chorus is nothing short of spectacular, you'll be screaming "the inhuman race"!! before long. Around 2:19 the song slows down for some almost melodic guitar playing and some excellent drumming. But before the three minute mark hits the brutality slams you in the head. When the bells hit around the 4:00 mark you're left awe struck. WAR WITHOUT END!!!
"Remnants of divination" is probably my favorite track on the album. That is saying a lot as the whole thing is a damn masterpiece. Great intro to the song and then Mike Hrubovcak's vocals tear your head off. There is not enough praise that can be said about this guys vocal performance on this album. Upon the first time hearing this song you very well may listen to it three times in a row. One interesting note on this song is that the lyrics are some of the best death metal lyrics I have ever heard. The chorus is also one of the best death metal chorus's ever, in my book.
"Illumination" is a 46 second interlude and it really is quite worthless. The only non essential track on this whole album. It is completely devoid of any musical value whatsoever and I always skip this track.
"Sacred oblivion" is yet another song that makes you want to bang your head until your neck snaps into a million pieces. Crazy lead guitar work and drumming are nothing new on this album and this song is no exception. Unrelenting song that makes you want to kill someone.
"The bloodline horror" starts off with some excellent riffs then breaks down into a mind numbingly great guitar bridge. With there is melody in the guitar playing it NEVER comes close to be melodic death metal in any way. So kudos to the band for keeping melody intertwined with the brutality to perfection. The chorus is especially kick ass and the riffing is mesmerizing to say the least. Mark English is quickly becoming one of my favorite metal guitarists ever. The parasitic nature of the guitar playing is somewhat reminiscent of the early David Vincent era Morbid Angel, and it is just as skillfully executed. To compare English to Azgathoth is truly a worthy comparison. It does seem that Mark English has a propensity of making better hooks,though. The parts where you want to slam your head into a wall are plentiful and non stop.
"Triumph in black" is an especially great closer. Through the whole album you're left thinking, how the fuck can they continue to keep playing this high level of music? I know after the first time I heard this album, I was left thinking there was no way in hell they could match the intensity and utter perfection of the album all throughout, but they honestly pull it off and leave you satisfied completely. The chorus on this song, like the whole fucking album, is awesome. Some very off kilter guitar solos around 1:20 and they're excellent. This leads into some more mesmerizing lead guitar work and by this point your neck has to be fucking killing you. The perfect song to end the perfect album.
All in all, this is one of my top 5 favorite death metal albums ever, probably in the top 3. Definitely the best death metal album I have heard since the new millennium. I had to give this thorough review because the first review of this album does not do it justice in any way, shape or form. This album is mandatory for any fan of death metal. Even if you're not a death metal fan, after hearing this you will be.


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North Liberty Leader
IOWA CITY– The West High Women of Troy placed fifth in team points at the 2015 Mississippi Valley Conference (MVC) Sophomore Swimming and Diving Meet held Saturday, Oct. 24, at the Mercer Park Aquatic Center in Iowa City.
Cedar Rapids Washington won the meet with 392 team points followed by Cedar Falls (346), Cedar Rapids Kennedy (314.5), Dubuque Wahlert (221) and West High (184).
NORTH LIBERTY– The North Liberty Community Pantry will host its 7th Annual Stone Soup Supper and Silent Auction on Sunday, Oct. 25, from 4-7 p.m. at the South Slope Community Room, 980 N. Front St., North Liberty. The event is sponsored by Hills Bank and Trust Company, University of Iowa Community Credit Union, and South Slope Cooperative Communications.
By Lori Lindner
North Liberty Leader
NORTH LIBERTY– Like electricians and plumbers, North Liberty plans to have general contractors working within the city to be licensed.
NORTH LIBERTY – The Growing Together Garden, in the backyard of the North Liberty Community Pantry, flourished in its first year.
The pantry held a Taste and Tour event at the garden on Oct. 11. Garden Coordinator Ilsa DeWald and Nick Bergus, of the pantry's Board of Directors Garden Committee, led attendees on a tour through the Growing Together Garden and the pantry itself.
Pantry garden volunteer Judy Bornkessel attended the event with her 12- and 6-year-old granddaughters, Annika and Beckett Kruse.
As Beckett sampled some kale, her grandmother explained the purpose of the garden.
IOWA CITY– The Iowa City Community School District (ICCSD) decided it's better safe than sorry when it comes to school threats.
At an Oct. 13 meeting, the district's Board of Directors discussed changes to how threats are handled and communicated within the district.
Board President Chris Lynch recommended a three-part plan of action, and all three motions were passed at the meeting:
• Direct all staff to immediately report any threats, substantiated or unsubstantiated, to law enforcement with parent communication as soon as possible.
TIFFIN– Tiffin needs more information before taking action on the county's new minimum wage ordinance.
The Tiffin City Council had a spirited discussion on the issue at its Oct. 14 pre-meeting work session, with two councilors expressing support of an increase, two councilors expressing opposition and one who wondered if a compromise setting age classifications and commensurate wages for workers would be legal.
NORTH LIBERTY– The City of North Liberty is helping those who serve.
In response to the city's new budgetary policy to set aside funds to accommodate mid-fiscal year requests from service organizations, volunteers with North Liberty's Senior Dining program submitted an application for $1,500 to pay a part-time staff person to coordinate the weekly meal effort.
In its Oct. 13 meeting, the council readily said yes.
NORTH LIBERTY– Scouting for Food is a yearly event supported by local Boy Scout troops and Cub Scout packs in the community. North Liberty Boy Scouts from Troop 216 and Cub Scouts from North Bend Pack 279, Garner and Van Allen Pack 275, and Penn Pack 216 began distribution of Scouting for Food Bags throughout North Liberty on Oct. 17.
NORTH LIBERTY– Regardless of the outcome, at least one new face will be sitting at the North Liberty City Council table in January.
Current two-term council member Coleen Chipman is not a candidate for the Tuesday, Nov. 3, city elections.
However, two other incumbents still have their hats in the ring.
Chris Hoffman and Terry Donahue will seek re-election to their positions, challenged by Jay Johnson and Jim Sayre. Three four-year terms will be decided in the election.
NORTH LIBERTY– Leash on Life will co-host a costume party for dogs and their owners from 2-4 p.m. Saturday, Oct. 31, at its North Liberty location, 650 Pacha Pkwy.
The free event is co-hosted by the North Liberty Residents for a Dog Park citizens' initiative and the nonprofit Johnson County Dog Park Action Committee.
NORTH LIBERTY– For the fourth year in a row, a free Thanksgiving dinner will be available, to residents of North Liberty, thanks to a local community member and several businesses.
On Nov. 26, Thanksgiving Day, from 12-4 p.m., a full Thanksgiving meal will be available, free of charge, for residents of North Liberty at the South Slope Community Center in North Liberty.
"We have been getting such positive feedback from the community about this Thanksgiving meal," said Amanda Engstrom, chair of the Thanksgiving dinner committee.
TIFFIN— It's anchors aweigh for Tiffin Elementary, the newest building in the Clear Creek Amana (CCA) School District. The approximately $14 million structure was constructed as part of a $48 million bond issue voters approved in February of last year. Other projects included in the bond were an addition to the middle school, which is still under construction, and a high school addition slated for construction in the spring. A groundbreaking ceremony was held three months after the bond was approved, and site work commenced almost immediately at the corner of Highway 6 and Jasper Avenue.


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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
Tutorial Tuesday
17 comments:
that was amazing! I can't get enough of rompers! And 11 kids!ReplyDelete
Thank you! I was wanting to make some of this for my little boy and it arrived just in time.ReplyDelete
very cute! i've been wanting to make a romper for my little guy, thanks for sharingReplyDelete
Sooo cute! The gusset is a great idea. I am hosting a Refashionista Event over at my blog I Make Stuff and I'd love it i you would check it out. This week has been refashions for women, and next week will be all about the kiddos! There will be a linky party and a giveaway on Friday, I hope you'll stop by!ReplyDelete
I would love for you to link it up to my party that is running now. Any linky goes.ReplyDelete
Come strut your stuff.
Wonderful tutorial. I'm listing it on my blog, hope that's ok!ReplyDelete
Love it. The applique is so cute!ReplyDelete
Very cute but I wouldn't class it as an "easy sewing", this was a lil difficult for me being a beginner sewerReplyDelete
Newest follower here. That is awesome!!!! Thanks for the tutorial.ReplyDelete
Cute romper! Special thanks for all the detailed instructions and photos. I know that takes time to put together. Thank you for sharing this tut with us.ReplyDelete
I have looked at all the fabric places close to where I live for gripper tape like I have used to go in onesies and have been unsuccessful. Do you know the proper name for it and where I can find it? The little nromper is to cute and instructions so easy to follow. Good job.ReplyDeleteReplies
Do you mean snap tape that has the snaps already on? Something like this?
(I have a snap press so I just install them directly to my projects)
I hope this helps you! Thank you so much for your kind comment!
This was great! My youngest is special needs and they don't make "baby clothes" for big kids. Now I can make one, without having to search around for pattern. Thanks!ReplyDeleteReplies
It worked out Great! It took about 40 minutes and it fits really well, and looks super cute! Thanks for sharing!Delete
My toddler still has a g-tube and I have found that rompers are the best thing for him to wear. I love this pattern and can't wait to try it.Delete
Also looking for sleeper patterns with snaps half way down or all the way down since he has a continuous overnight g-tube feed. Any ideas???
thank you much.very nice.ReplyDelete
Very cute! I love all the pictures of it with your model. :-) I used this idea and just made a t-shirt today but think I might try the whole romper in the future.ReplyDelete


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Episode 1
Born In the U.S.A
It's a new, more dangerous world in the season two premiere.
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Season two picks up right where season one left off with ICBMs speeding toward Atlanta and Philadelphia. Last season, Rachel Matheson's (series star ELIZABETH MITCHELL) relentless quest to avenge her son's death sent her on a heroic journey to the Tower, where she could turn the power back on so the Rebels and the Georgians could wage war against Gen. Sebastian Monroe (series star DAVID LYONS) and defeat his treacherous Militia.
Action, Drama, Thriller
Not yet rated
Born In the U.S.A
It's a new, more dangerous world in the season two premiere.
There Will Be Blood
Our heroes find themselves strangers in a strange land.
Love Story
Rachel makes a valiant attempt to rescue Miles.
Patriot Games
Wounds of Miles and Rachel heal, while new bonds form.
One Riot, One Ranger
A Texas Ranger (JIM BEAVER) from Miles's past resurfaces.
Dead Man Walking
Monroe faces the death penalty in Texas.
The Patriot Act
Miles and Company are trapped in Willoughby.
Come Blow Your Horn
Aaron's deathly experience catches people's attention.
Everyone Says I Love You
Neville reacts to a surprise in the Midseason Finale.
Three Amigos
Miles leads Rachel and Monroe on a quest into Mexico.
Mis Dos Padres
Monroe's parenting skills are put to the test.
Captain Trips
Charlie and Rachel bond as they help the town of Willoughby.
Happy Ending
Monroe hatches a plan. BRET MICHAELS guest stars.
Fear and Loathing
Monroe, Connor & Charlie face danger in New Vegas.
Things are not what they seem when Aaron awakes to a world with power again.
Exposition Boulevard
The Patriots step up their re-education program.
Why We Fight
Monroe takes action against the Patriots.
Austin City Limits
Jason takes a stand against the Patriots...and his father.
$#!& Happens
The gang flees Austin after Jason's death.
When the Patriots change tactics, Miles & Monroe fight dirty.
Memorial Day
Neville enlists Monroe in his revenge plans on the Patriots.
Declaration of Independence
In the season two finale, Miles, Charlie & Monroe launch an attack on the Patriots.
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I am curious to see which part of Chadbrocill's posting is the most troubling:
A. His ridiculous claim that he "read" MD stimulus money would fund a DE public works project
B. His homophobic rage
C. His lack of understanding of how repairing the delapidated boardwalk in a resort town would help the local economy.
Results 11 to 20 of 52
Thread: outrageous news
May 12, 2009, 05:10 PM #11Senior Member
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May 12, 2009, 05:14 PM #12Senior Member
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I have heard more outrageous things in my life. I think this stimulus bill is the wrong way of boosting the economy, because a lot of this money isn't going to something that is needed. If this bill was instead given in income tax cuts, the consumer markets might grow, and in a consumer driven economy, that makes a whole hell of a lot more sense then renovating a boardwalk, that really doesn't need it. But that is debatable, I really don't know what I am talking about, but from the outside looking in, I think that only makes sense.
However, if you really want to see something to piss you off, check this out.
And if that doesn't piss you off, you my friend are an asshole.
Thank you Obama, now I can understand one more way of the world...
May 12, 2009, 05:19 PM #13
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I wonder why they need the money anyway. REHO is a very wealthy area from my understanding. And during the interview with the mayor I got the impression that they(the town) had not really pushed for the money but got it anyway? I might have got that wrong, but it seemed as if it was implied that "joe" had pushed for them to get the money more then they did?
Either way, when gov. gets involved in anything it usually is never what it seems or for the reasons thought of. Gov. seems like one big pay to play more then ever before.
All these years when B-more wants a new stadium they get one, when the owners should be the ones paying for it, but instead they tax the whole entire state. They do what they want regardless of the wishes of the voters.
May 12, 2009, 05:45 PM #15
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Maybe a trend?
Just to stir the pot a tad more without being the least bit homophobic. . . there is indeed a "Rehobeth" Maryland, it's located right here on the Eastern Shore between Pocomoke City and Crisfield downstream along the Pocomoke River. . . "not that there's anything wrong with that." What a shame it is to realize that the people who really know how to run this country are all too busy surfing.
And who in the world actually watches Fox News, if you can even call it that. The only ones that I know who swear by it are **** Cheney and Rush Limbaugh, torture masters and oxycontin junkies.
Last edited by MDSurfer; May 12, 2009 at 05:52 PM.
May 12, 2009, 06:30 PM #16
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Well the new bridge is being built COMPLETELY behind the current one. Wouldn't you think with $200 million going into building the new bridge, it could be at least safe enough that expensive sand bypassing wouldn't be needed.
Last edited by mitchell; May 12, 2009 at 06:37 PM.
May 12, 2009, 10:41 PM #17
youre a douche bag
A. i heard it on a baltimore tv news station
B. sorry im supposed to think that men who enjoy f*cking eachother are okay human beings
C. i dont like to see $7 million from maryland go to a town full of gays in delaware when it could be going to thousands of normal people who have been suffering financially and the GM employees who will be out of work for 2 months in baltimore
May 12, 2009, 10:43 PM #18
well,... if we are talking about those who actually know what they are talking about, some of us may just be left talking to ourselves,...
If you want "fair and balanced", read further...
If you voted for the BUSH Baby the first time you needed to be hit with a big stick since you voted for no more then a name,>> other then the lesser of two evils arguments,... you voted for a name and were a (politically incorrect) retard.
If you then voted for the BUSH Baby the second time around (when it was clear as if someone hit you with a hammer in your head) that they lied their asses off to get into Iraq,... Well, once again, other then lesser of two evils,... you needed to be beat in your head to knock some sense into you,.. we hope.
Now with that being said, If you voted for that whore-Obama, well what can I say,...other then you have got to hate this country and any future you may have thought you, your family or children may have had.
Anyone who thinks that you can print 3tril plus pieces of paper and make things better is not worth my time speaking with. Bunch of fools, Dem this Rep that,...get a grip.
The constitution has been pissed on more then ever before. First Bush and now Obama, they are both pieces of self serving trash. Anyone who voted for a name is a fool, and anyone who votes for someone just to vote for a "change" is even more of a fool.
May 13, 2009, 12:59 AM #20


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Strong Women Candy Sandwich Plans for the day include honoring "the woman who made a stand by taking a seat," Rosa Parks. This is from a new group blog. This is post is by Kristen. I am young, urban professional white girl who grew up somewhat poor but most certainly not disadvanted in southeastern Ohio – far from the tumultous south of the 60s. In addition to that, I am uncomfortable around coffins. I prefer to remember people as they were: strong, vibrant, alive. However, I will leave soon to join the line, to honor the very honorable Mrs. Parks in the only way I know how. I would stand all night if I had to, if I have to. Borf With a Lit Degree? Lies & Fish Just to set this one right, the title is mine. The post by this writer is actually called Consider it Implemented. The concept, from what I gather, is described as an Emergent Novel. The novel is on stickers placed around the city. Presumably other people (blue collar editors?) get to scrape the Emergent Novel off. Consider that. What makes me think this may be an elaborate blog hoax (blog name tip off: Lies & Fish) was this line: Another participant, by contrast, attempted to sticker a duck. I mean, seriously, who would attempt to do such a thing to an animal? This has to be a joke, right?
.… we headed down to Dupont to start making DC part of a novel. I passed out stickers and we split up; Dan and I walked to Georgetown and the waterfront, Matt and Kay stayed around Dupont, and the others Metroed to the Mall. Two hours later, we reconvened to share impressions, noticing along the way that some of the earliest stickers had already come down …
New Kiss and Tell Blog Sex and Our City Five women, born somewhere between the late-1960s and mid-1970s, have started a blog because they want a place "where we could talk about dating and relating and kissing and sex … This IS going to be one of THOSE blogs." That was from the introductory post. The writers have been introducing themselves in subsequent posts. This excerpt is from the post titled, Joi De Vivre:
I've been single more than I've been a double. And it seems strange to me. Well, it seems strange to me that any of us are single, frankly. All of us posting here are intelligent, attractive, creative, empowered women – what the hell is the problem with men out there? Seriously, we are not a bunch of couch potatoes pining away for men as we consume pints of Ben and Jerry's Ice Cream and watch romantic comedies.
Lessons Learned Sueandnou Our writer is in Georgia and files a report with some stunning photos: When a German says, "We're going out to the mountains to fly kites on Saturday, want to join?" What he means is: "We are going to jump off of a mountain on Saturday." Also Noted: The DC blogosphere is picking up on a new Web mapping offering, Frappr. Father Jim Tucker of Dappled Things is using it and credits the Republic of T for the tip. Also setting up a Frappr map is DCBachelor. "A really neat application of the Google map technology," writes Father Tucker. Diary of an Angry Black Woman goes to Hooters and has an epiphany. Interning in DC this fall is Lauren at My Life and this is her job: My heart broke when I had to brief my Director on the 2,000 landmark that the US Military reached in Iraq.


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Disney Baby Animals Books In Carry Case
Treat the little ones to everyone's favorite baby animals book set. The set includes 12 books with Pooh, Bambi and more in these little 3" by 3" books, conveniently stored in a carrying case.


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Part 1: A Quick Review
In the first part of this article, we made a case for enhanced productivity; that the time-consuming nature of the traditional design flow, with a manual gap between algorithm development and implementation, is no longer acceptable. We also explained why algorithm developers prefer to use the MATLAB language and analysis environment, and why it is far removed from what hardware designers like to see as a starting point.
Now we take a peek under the hood of what algorithm synthesis actually does when it automatically converts the fixed point MATLAB functional descriptions to Register Transfer Level hardware descriptions, thus closing the "exclusive knowledge" bridge with an automated, repeatable and risk-reducing flow step. We will also highlight how the risk of misinterpretation can be decreased even further when we move from prototyping in FPGAs to production in ASICs.
Addressing New Terminology
A simple metaphor will help to put into context some potentially unfamiliar terms. The process of what happens during algorithmic synthesis can be compared to managing any project.
A project (design) has a desired outcome. There is a pool (library) of people (resources) available to accomplish the tasks (operations) that need to be performed in order to make the project suc-cessful. There will be certain outside influences, like cost, completion date and holidays, (constraints, like area, timing, throughput) applied to the project that will force the manager (e.g., AccelChip DSP Synthesis tool) to give certain tasks (operations) to certain team members (resources) based on experience, expertise and availability. Starting certain tasks will depend on others being finished, as in a project Gantt chart (data flow dependencies, or Data Flow Graph - DFG). In order to minimize the project cost (area) and maximize team performance (timing and/or throughput) tasks are assigned (allocated) to certain people and must start and finish at the appropriate time (scheduling). When things fall into place, and the constraints are not overly tight, the project will finish (automatically creating Control state-machine, Data-Path, and Memory Inference) with the desired results (RTL and Gate-Level netlists) on time and within budget (meet the design specifications). Because team members communicate in different languages (e.g., the MATLAB language for algorithms, and VHDL and Verilog during Implementation) a high quality translator (AccelChip) that adheres to industry standards (Design Compiler and Design Compiler FPGA) is needed.
Algorithmic Synthesis by Example
A simple algorithm is useful in illustrating the algorithmic synthesis process:
Y = (a*b) + c + (d - e) * f
In reality, a designer will assign constraints to this (untimed) algorithm. Constraint requirements are often orthogonal and compromises are needed. Algorithmic synthesis allows us to explore the design space quickly, without changing the original source description so we can choose the so-lution that meets ALL constraints. An example of orthogonal constraints is to create an architec-ture that uses the minimal amount of silicon area (cheap), as well as creating an architecture that delivers the maximum throughput at the maximum speed.
A minimum amount of silicon area implies that a minimal set of resources will be used – use one multiplier and one adder to perform the four operations. As we are going to use one resource for multiple operations, they cannot be used at the same time so we have to control their usage. This determines the cycles or schedule – three clock cycles in this case. To control the usage of our shared operations a finite state machine is automatically created. The actual hardware components are mapped (allocated) onto the tasks, and the data-path portion of the design is created automatically. The result is one hardware component of each type (add, sub, mult) in three clock cycles as shown in Figure 1(a).
Figure 1: Alternative architectures: (a) Architecture 1 minimum Area. (b) Architecture 2 Maximum throughput.
If we want to create a design of maximum throughput and speed the algorithm synthesis application will have to know the performance of the actual hardware building blocks at our disposal (technology library). We will make the assumption that the smallest delays are found in the adders and subtractor, and both are 4ns. So if we choose a 5ns clock that component would be able to finish before the next set of data appears at its inputs. This gives us the schedule from Figure 1(b). Note that the multipliers now extend over multiple clock cycles. A multicycle component could be used but since one of the requirements is high throughput, a pipelined component is chosen. Using this component will introduce some extra hardware in the form of registers that have to store the intermediate results so the multiplier can accept the next set of inputs. We see that the clock frequency has gone up by a factor of three at the cost of using two multipliers (which are also more costly than the ones used before). After the first pass outputs will appear every 5ns. (Architecture 1 would have data appear at the output with rates of 15ns, so we also markedly improved throughput.)
In this brief introduction to algorithm synthesis, we have seen two vastly different architectures being automatically created, without changing the original source code with a given set of constraints. Parts of the design that are often very time consuming to design by hand are generated automatically, including the control FSM, datapath and memory inference.
The Floating-Point to Fixed-Point Conversion Process
In MATLAB, all math operations are performed using 64-bit floating-point arithmetic by default. As noted above, fixed-point arithmetic is generally preferable for silicon implementation, but requires careful management of bit-width to prevent overflow and underflow conditions from disrupting the algorithm's effectiveness. To automate the process, tools should analyze the floating-point MATLAB to determine the fixed-point arithmetic artifacts.
Figure 2: MATLAB algorithm implementing 3-D vector rotation
In the case of the 3-D vector rotation example (Figure 2 above), for instance, there are two inputs to the design function – ang, a 3-vector that contains the three rotation angles and R, a 3-vector with the Cartesian coordinates of the vector that will be rotated. The AccelChip tool analyzes the input stimulus vectors in the script file and examines the range of ang and R, and using this information to determine the number of bits to hold the maximum value reached. It also analyzes the fractional parts to determine how many bits would be needed to represent the input stimulus exactly and uses this to determine the number of fractional bits required. Following these heuristics, the AccelChip tool allocates 9 bits of I/O for each component of ang and 1 bit for each component of R. This automation shows the merit in using stimulus data that is as representative as possible of the system that will be implemented in hardware. (In this case, however, it is likely the designer would have intended that the components of the variable R should be able to have more than one bit!) Alternatively, the AccelChip DSP Synthesis tool allows the user to override the automated floating-to-fixed-point conversion process through the use of design directives that explicitly specify quantization properties.
The tool accounts for bit growth through the algorithm as variables propagate, and it follows this process out to the output ports. Table 1 below shows a summary of the bit-widths and other fixed-point attributes for the 3-D vector rotation example.
Table 1 - Inference of port width and bit growth in 3-D vector rotation example
As a result of this automation, designers spend far less time with the tedious tracking of fixed-point arithmetic and can focus on the effectiveness of the algorithm at a higher level of abstraction.
DSP Silicon Intellectual Property
DSP algorithms in all applications frequently embed mathematical functions such as digital filtering, signal transformations, encoding/decoding, etc. These functions are readily available in a domain-specific analysis and simulation tool such as MATLAB for the purpose of algorithm development. Liberated from developing these mathematical functions on their own, algorithm developers can focus their energies on producing algorithms that differentiate products rather than recoding an FFT model in "C."
Commercial IP developers have focused on development of cores that implement these essential mathematical functions. As shown in Table 2 below, a single core implementing an FFT may have numerous implementation choices that allow that mathematical function to be optimally suited to the particular application. These choices let the designer optimize a core's performance – as measured in throughput and latency – and resource utilization / area.
Table 2 - Example of implementation alternatives for an FFT IP core
In theory, a designer can seek IP from dozens of silicon vendors and independent IP developers, choosing IP that is ideally suited to the application. In practice, however, DSP IP from all these sources has been developed piecemeal from dozens of sources, leaving the designer with the challenge of stitching the design together and developing the design testbench. Worse yet, some DSP IP is intended only for use in specific vendor's silicon, leading to problems if the designer wishes to retarget from one vendor to another.
Table 3 - Representative selection of commercial DSP cores
Designers should seek commercial solutions that offer a wide range of IP for the given application. Table 3 shows the variety of cores that are available for DSP applications from AccelChip.
Use of IP in 3-D Vector Rotation Example In the case of the example, the sine and cosine functions from the algorithm in Part 1/Figure 4 can be implemented using cores from AccelWare IP toolkits. As shown the figure, the sine and cosine algorithms are written as two distinct function calls in MATLAB; however, since computation of sine and cosine functions in hardware uses the same intermediate quantities, AccelChip can synthesize hardware that computes both sine and cosine with a single core. The user can additionally specify whether the sine and cosine should be computed using CORDIC approximation, bipartite tables, or a linearly-interpolated lookup table. This integration of IP and algorithmic synthesis gives designers greater ability to optimize a design for area, performance, noise, and other constraints.
Algorithmic and Hardware Design Exploration
Design exploration means the process of starting with a nominal design and then proceeding to alter it in a structured fashion in order to enhance throughput or reduce the resources consumed. In the case of algorithmic synthesis, there are levels at which this can be accomplished – algorithmic design exploration that is performed by the algorithm developer and hardware design exploration that is performed by the system designer or hardware designer.
Algorithmic Design Exploration Once the algorithm developer has made the design functionally correct, the next task is to make tradeoffs that preserve the fidelity of the design while making improvements for optimal implementation. One form of algorithmic design exploration is achieved by reducing the number of bits to represent numbers as described above. A second method, however, is to choose between different core implementations of functions in the DSP algorithm. While many IP providers offer fixed-cores that support only one implementation or micro-architecture, some provide cores with a choice of micro-architectures.
As an example, Figure 3 shows the effect of different micro-architectures to implement a square root function. Depending on whether the designer chooses a bipartite table or linearly-interpolated lookup table, the design will exhibit different cycle times, resource usage, noise characteristics and so on. The choice of which core is preferable is a function of both the needs of the application as well as the resources available.
Figure 3: Effect of two different micro-architectures for square root core
Hardware Design Exploration While the MATLAB language is highly expressive in terms of mathematical behavior, it does not uniquely define the implementation of each command and function. For instance, if a multiply-accumulate function is performed within a loop that is executed 16 times, should it be synthesized to a single hardware multiply-accumulate for minimum hardware, to 16 multiply-accumulates for ideal throughput, or should it be somewhere in between?
Algorithmic synthesis tools such as AccelChip DSP Synthesis allow the use of design directives, annotations to the MATLAB M-file that tell the algorithmic synthesis tool how to implement MATLAB commands and functions in hardware. An example of how directives can be used can be seen in the 3-D vector rotation example. The MATLAB command
R_rot=T_gamma*T_beta*T_alpha*R as shown in Part 1/Figure 4 computes a product of three 3x3 matrices and a 3-vector. Because they require indexing through rows and columns and sequential computation of inner products, vector and matrix multiplications can be considered to be implicit loops. Design directives can be placed on vector or matrix multiplication allowing loops to be unrolled by row, by column or by inner product. Table 4 shows how adjusting the level of implicit loop unrolling may be used to trade-off throughput and estimated resources.
Table 4 - Effect of Unroll directives on 3-D vector rotation example
Specifying the Verification Environment
Fixed-Point Verification Conversion to fixed-point arithmetic can mean a loss of precision, so it is necessary to verify that the fixed-point algorithm still meets specifications such as noise floors, bandwidth, and so on. But if this verification means creation of a new simulation model, designers can waste precious time. What many designers fail to realize is that floating-point MATLAB can be readily converted to fixed-point; this process is significantly easier than creating a new fixed-point model in an alternative language such as C. MATLAB models fixed-point precision by performing the arithmetic in the floating-point domain and using "constraints" to define the fixed-point representation of the data objects. These fixed-point constraints are provided through the functions "quantizer()" and "quantize()" provided with the Fixed-Point Toolbox for MATLAB. By inserting the quantize() and quantizer() functions into existing M-files, the designer can allocate the bit-widths to be used, define whether a number is signed or unsigned, and define the treatment of overflow and underflow conditions.
Tools can leverage the "quantizer()" and "quantize()" functions of MATLAB by generating a fixed-point copy of the floating-point MATLAB source as necessary to set the required data path bit-widths. This approach has the benefit that it follows the accepted, de facto standard approach of MATLAB rather than inventing a new, proprietary approach. This approach is effective both for single operations, such as multiplying two variables, and also for more complex operations like vector and array operations where iterative multiply-accumulator operations take place. The fixed-point MATLAB model can then be easily simulated and its results can be compared with the original floating-point M-file. The resulting stimulus and results from the fixed-point simulation may then serve as the "golden" result that can drive the downstream hardware design flow.
RTL Verification Effective hardware implementation of DSP algorithms invariably requires the designer to verify that the hardware matches the original design. In conventional DSP design, once the algorithm is developed the hardware designer has two tasks: to develop an RTL model for the hardware that will be synthesized and to develop a testbench, a software model that can be simulated with the RTL to assess whether it matches the algorithm developer's intent.
When algorithmic synthesis tools are used, the need for a complete testbench becomes even more important as a means to verify the design. Because the original form of the DSP algorithm is in floating-point and it must be converted to fixed point, an additional level of verification is required. There will be some differences between floating- and fixed-point because of the effect of overflow and underflow conditions, so this level of verification must allow for an error tolerance between floating- and fixed-point designs. Once this translation is complete, however, the fixed-point design becomes the reference design against which the RTL model must be verified.
Designers should look for tools that automatically generate the testbench and that work with their preferred HDL simulator. The verification environment should ensure that the fixed-point algorithm is equivalent to the RTL, and ultimately the gate-level design. All derivatives of this design must conform to certain design metrics. These metrics are: Functionality, Fidelity, Bit Accuracy, Latency, and Throughput.
The Next Step: FPGA/ASIC Synthesis
The next step in implementing the algorithm is further optimization and conversion of the RTL netlist as it was created by the constraint-driven Algorithm synthesis, into a description ready for physical implementation into silicon. This is done through the use of FPGA and ASIC synthesis applications. The choice of hardware in which to implement the algorithm depends largely on the goal we have for its usage. FPGAs can be used and reused, which makes them an excellent choice for system prototyping. Because of their flexibility, FPGAs can be used for in-field or in-product updates when working with algorithms that are dealing with standards, or designs that are in flux. ASICs on the other hand consume less power, cost less per part, and are often capable of handling higher clock frequencies, but have much higher upfront costs and are more expensive and time-consuming to change, once created.
When considering FPGAs for prototyping the most important question to ask is:
"How can I make absolutely sure that the (expensive) ASIC I am going to create behaves and functions the same as the FPGA prototype I created, tested and approved?"
Given the different technology basis for ASIC and FPGA we cannot ever be totally sure, but we can eliminate as many discrepancy risks as possible. (Figure 4 summarizes the difficulties in tar-geting for FPGAs and ASICS.) One obvious risk is using different tools for similar tasks, like FPGA and ASIC synthesis.
Figure 4: A unified synthesis environment reduces time-to-results and risk of misinterpretations
The industry standard for synthesizing an ASIC is Design Compiler® (DC) from Synopsys. Every ASIC vendor supports it, and it has proven itself over the last 15 years with more than 125,000 successfully completed production designs. Further risk is reduced and quick time to results is provided through the highly correlated toolset of the Galaxy™ platform. This provides for quick and successful convergence to silicon implementation. Using a tool other then Design Compiler for FPGAs (DC FPGA) could bring unnecessary risk. Among others, the original RTL source and provided constraints may be interpreted differently creating slightly different implementations. This would nullify the reasons we choose to prototype in the first place; to make sure that our design assumptions were correct by proving them in (changeable) silicon. Disappointments, cost overruns, and slipped schedules can be mitigated by using a unified environment for both the FPGA prototype and the production ASIC.
All this risk avoidance is moot if the synthesis tools don't provide the quality of results (QoR) in a reasonable turn-around time (TAT). One of the reasons DC and DC FPGA perform so well is the use of Adaptive Optimization Technology (AOT). The technology results in the best performing designs that are created in the least amount of time. AOT works by addressing three optimization opportunities:
First it takes a global look at all the different synthesis optimization schemes available for a certain silicon technology and maps those out against the algorithm design to determine which scheme is best applied to each part of the design. Then it takes the chosen schemes and optimizes them in place to create the maximum impact on the different parts of the design. Finally it reorders the now optimized schemes in such a way that combined, they create the best performing designs in the least amount of time. The time saved can now be used to run more micro-architecture explorations on the algorithm under design, by changing the various constraints to produce the most cost effective design that fully meets the overall system specifications.
In the past, DSP design flows for hardware have lacked much of the automation that is expected in software-based implementations, and have not leveraged the widespread use of MATLAB. Numerous steps in the design process have been automated by a new class of algorithmic synthesis products such as the AccelChip DSP Synthesis tool. Tasks such as automation in the conversion from floating-point to fixed-point arithmetic can be accelerated by tools that account for bit growth and provide mechanisms for trimming bits.
Intellectual property cores for DSP can be integrated with algorithmic synthesis so that designers can perform design space exploration to meet design requirements while reducing costs. Integration of algorithmic synthesis can also be readily combined with unified RTL synthesis tools for FPGA and ASIC to minimize the likelihood of deviations between FPGA prototypes and production ASICs. Verification flows for algorithmic synthesis allow use of existing MATLAB and RTL simulation products through use of self-checking RTL testbenches.
[1] AccelChip Inc. white paper, "Automatic Conversion of Floating-Point to Fixed-Point MATLAB, January 13, 2004.
Eric Cigan
Product Marketing Manager, AccelChip Inc.
As product marketing manager for AccelChip Inc., Eric Cigan is responsible for product planning and promotion for the AccelChip product family. He has more than fifteen years' experience in the EDA industry.
He was most recently at Mentor Graphics, Inc., where he managed product marketing and busi-ness development in Mentor's hardware/software co-verification business. Prior to this, Cigan held positions as aerospace/automotive segment manager for Analogy (now part of Synopsys) and product marketing manager, account manager and research engineer at Integrated Systems, Inc. (now part of Wind River).
Cigan began his career in control system design at the Lockheed Missiles & Space Company and the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory. Cigan holds S.B. and S.M. degrees in Mechanical Engi-neering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Aaik van der Poel
Group Marketing Manager, Synthesis, Synopsys
Aaik van der Poel currently oversees various aspects of the Synopsys (structured) ASIC, Behav-ioral, C-based, and FPGA synthesis product lines, and has over 20 years EDA marketing, sales and support experience.
He joined Synopsys in 2000 and was responsible for the CoCentric SystemC synthesis product line introduction. Prior to joining Synopsys he held senior marketing and application positions at Mentor Graphics and Tektronix Europe and was a chip designer at ICN design house in the Netherlands. Van der Poel holds a M.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Twente in the Netherlands and a patent on isochronous (large) system design.
AccelChip and AccelWare are registered trademarks of AccelChip Inc. Design Compiler, Synopsys and the Synopsys logo are registered trademarks of Synopsys, Inc., and Galaxy is a trademark of Synopsys, Inc. MATLAB is a trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. All other trademarks or registered trademarks mentioned in this document are the intellectual property of their respec-tive owners.
©2007 Synopsys, Inc. Synopsys and the Synopsys logo are registered trademarks of Synopsys, Inc. All other company and product names mentioned herein may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners and should be treated as such.


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Bill Clinton to visit Belfast in March institute opening at Queen's
The former US president Bill Clinton is to visit Belfast in March.
He will attend the opening of a new department at Queen's University named in his honour.
The university said the goals of the William J. Clinton Leadership Institute were similar to those of the Clinton Foundation, which was set up in 2001 following the completion of Mr Clinton's two terms as president.
Mr Clinton and his wife, Hilary, have visited Northern Ireland several times.
Queen's acting president and vice-chancellor, Prof James McElnay, said: "Queen's is honoured to once again welcome President Clinton to the university.
"He has a long and proud association with both Queen's and Northern Ireland and he will have the opportunity to see at first hand our leadership institute, to which he has given his name.
"The aim of the William J. Clinton Leadership Institute at Queen's is directly aligned to the goals of the Clinton Foundation.
"It provides a focus at the heart of the local business community, supporting economic growth and the ongoing development of the knowledge economy."
Mr Clinton previously said that working on the Northern Ireland peace process had been one of the "great honours" of his life.
His last trip was in 2010 when he outlined his ideas for building economic prosperity in Northern Ireland during a visit to Londonderry.


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Writer/director/star Lake Bell plays Carol Solomon, a struggling voiceover artist trying to break through the very low glass ceiling that prevents women from getting voiceover jobs in Hollywood for anything other than tampon commercials. In the movie – and possibly in real life, we can suspect – movie trailer work is the sign of having "made it" within the voiceover artist's world. Carol, who moonlights as a dialect coach thanks to her incredible ear for accents, wants so badly to be the new voice of movie trailers, filling the void left by the legendary Don LaFontaine (and actual legend in the industry) after his death.
There are many great movies about making movies, but rarely do they focus on the overlooked and unrecognized artists whose work audiences see but rarely acknowledge. Bell chooses to focus on the world of the voiceover actor much in the same way Christopher Guest might focus on a small town theatre troupe or the owners of the canines competing in dog shows. Bell's aim is not to mock or belittle these individuals who are vital to the industry, but to use their (fictional) plight as a way to address much bigger issues.
Carol, like Bell, has an amazing talent for accents and dialects, bending and twisting her voice like an expert contortionist. There is no question she is gifted, yet the "boys' club" that is Hollywood voiceover work is reserved for people like Carol's father, Sam Soto (Fred Melamad), and Gustav Warner (Ken Marino), a newbie whose vast wealthy gives him connections Carol can only dream about. But is Bell really complaining about the roles offered to females in voiceover work or about women's opportunities in Hollywood in general? How many famous female directors can the average person name? Female screenwriters? The number of female studio executives is rising, but men still outnumber them by a vast margin. In fact, Bell most likely faced a great number of hurdles trying to get produced an original screenplay that she wanted to direct herself.
The movie does not dwell on Carol's struggles, it merely presents the problem and the day-to-day difficulty she faces. Aiding her in any way he can is Louis (Demetri Martin), the sound engineer at the studio where Carol gives private lessons to actors like Eva Longoria. Carol even gets to do some of her own stuff sometimes. When Louis finds out that a studio wants to bring back LaFontaine's famous "In a world..." line for a new epic blockbuster, Louis vows to do everything he can to help Carol book the gig. With the support of Louis and a few of the other Little Rascals that wonder in and out of the studio, Carol gets a fighting chance at seeing her dream come true.
Bell never lets the film sag under the weight of the serious issue it is addressing, instead opting for silly almost slapstick comedy showcasing Bell's talents as well as the comedic skills of her entire cast. Bell has a wonderful everywoman look that allows her to blend into the background of a scene until it's necessary she takes center stage. Her sense of comedic timing is perfect, allowing awkward moments to hang in the air just long enough to milk every last humorous note. As a director, Bell is confident and assured in the tone she wants the film to carry, taking her time to let every scene play out.
If there is one area Bell will need to improve upon before her next project (which will hopefully be soon), it will be learning to better edit herself as a writer. In a World is burdened with an overabundance of plot, including an unnecessary story about the strained marriage between her sister, Dani (Michaela Watkins), and brother-in-law, Moe (Rob Corddry). The movie is funny beginning to end, but there is so much extraneous storytelling that it distracts from an otherwise enjoyable experience.
In a World in not only a great feature film debut by a very talented filmmaker, it is a reminder that movies can have social messages without beating the audience over the head for an hour and a half.
Grade: A-


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Preston England Temple
Photograph Gallery
Following is a collection of photographs for the Preston England Temple. Click on a photo below for downloading instructions. Follow this link to submit a photograph.
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"Moreover, because I have set my affection to the house of my God, I have of mine own proper good, of gold and silver, which I have given to the house of my God, over and above all that I have prepared for the holy house."
—1 Chronicles 29:3
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A new version of FFTPatcher is available! (0.492)
- one ability which interacts with non-water terrain(!!!!) but the terrain is lava and occurs once in the entire game and the ability is a Geomancer innate anyway so why equip it(.)
Seriously though, how crazy are you able to get?
Then again, I can't recall if poisonous swamp re-Poisons you if you Wait in the same spot.
(Actually, are you making new terrain or just replacing it?)
Similarly, another question I realized as soon as I left: Are you limited to only one status per terrain?