text:
Key Dates/Data Releases
10/17: Industrial production
10/18: Consumer Price Index, Housing Market Index
10/19: Housing starts
10/20: Existing home sales
Oil prices reached a one-year high early last week, as Russia expressed its support of OPEC in its efforts to limit production, prompting stocks to post early week gains. With corporate earnings season upon us, early reports from some major companies were not encouraging. Globally, China's 10% year-over-year drop in exports once again raised concerns about the weakening of the world's second-largest economy. Major market indexes trended down midweek, while long-term bond yields expanded and the price of crude oil remained just above $50 per barrel. Favorable earnings reports from some of the world's largest banks at the end of last week helped boost stocks, but not enough to prevent each of the indexes listed here from closing the week in the red.
The price of crude oil (WTI) closed at $50.32 per barrel last week, up
from $49.55 per barrel the previous week. The price of gold (COMEX) continued to fall, closing at $1,252.90 by
late Friday afternoon, down from the prior week's price of $1,258.60. The
national average retail regular gasoline price increased to $2.272
per gallon on October 10, 2016, $0.027 more than last week's price but
$0.065 less than a year ago.
Chart reflects price changes, not total return. Because it
does not include dividends or splits, it should not be used to benchmark
performance of specific investments.
Several major corporations will be reporting their earnings, which have historically impacted the market — at least over the short term. Consumer spending, inflation, and housing are on tap this week. Through August, the Consumer Price Index for consumer goods and services is about 1.1% ahead of last year, and is expected to maintain that pace through September. As an indicator of inflationary trends, the CPI is still running short of the 2.0% target set by the Fed. The housing sector slowed a bit in August, but is expected to pick up the pace in September as this week's reports on both housing starts and existing home sales should show improvement.
Data sources: News items are based on reports from
multiple commonly available international news sources (i.e. wire services) and
are independently verified when necessary with secondary sources such as
government agencies, corporate press releases, or trade organizations. Market
data: Based on data reported in WSJ Market Data Center (indexes); U.S. Treasury
(Treasury yields); U.S. Energy Information Administration/Bloomberg.com Market
Data (oil spot price, WTI Cushing, OK); www.goldprice.org (spot gold/silver);
Oanda/FX Street (currency exchange rates). All information is based on sources
deemed reliable, but no warranty or guarantee is made as to its accuracy or
completeness. Neither the information nor any opinion expressed herein
constitutes a solicitation for the purchase or sale of any securities, and
should not be relied on as financial advice. Past performance is no guarantee
of future results. All investing involves risk, including the potential loss of
principal, and there can be no guarantee that any investing strategy will be
The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) is a
price-weighted index composed of 30 widely traded blue-chip U.S. common stocks.
The S&P 500 is a market-cap weighted index composed of the common stocks of
500 leading companies in leading industries of the U.S. economy. The NASDAQ
Composite Index is a market-value weighted index of all common stocks listed on
the NASDAQ stock exchange. The Russell 2000 is a market-cap weighted index
composed of 2,000 U.S. small-cap common stocks. The Global Dow is an equally
weighted index of 150 widely traded blue-chip common stocks worldwide. Market
indices listed are unmanaged and are not available for direct investment.


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[WOMEN'S TOURNAMENT WATCH] Wednesday was the first day of play in several conferences, and it had major implications for several big programs on the bubble for
NCAA Women's Tournament bids. For a rundown of the day's winners and losers ...
Oklahoma and Nebraska stayed in contention for at-large berths to the NCAA Women's Tournament with big wins in the Big 12 Tournament in San Antonio.
Oklahoma's 1-0 win over No. 21 Texas put the Sooners in the Big 12 semifinals for only the second time in their history and first time in a decade. Sophomore forward Caitlin Mooney scored the only goal in the 15th minute.
"I am extremely proud of our performance," said Sooner coach Nicole Nelson, who was named the Big 12 Co-Head Coach of the Year earlier this week. "Caitlin is a great finisher. She has done a great job all year and is extremely composed in front of the goal."
Oklahoma began the week at No. 50 in the latest NCAA Women's RPI, putting the Sooners right on the bubble. They will face Big 12 regular-season champion Texas A&M on Friday.
Nebraska, four spots below at No. 54 in the RPI rankings, got goals from four different players, including star Morgan Marlborough (17 goals and 12 assists), to beat Missouri, 4-1, and move on to the semifinals against Oklahoma State for the first time since 2005.
Texas Tech's 3-1 loss to Oklahoma State probably ended its season for the Red Raiders (No. 52 in the RPI index).
Wednesday's big loser in the ACC could be Virginia Tech, which dropped a 4-2 decision to defending national champion North Carolina in the conference quarterfinals in Cary, N.C.
In 2009, the NCAA took eight ACC teams. This year, seven ACC teams are pretty much assured of going to the NCAA Tournament: North Carolina, Maryland, Boston College and Wake Forest, the four ACC semifinalists, as well as Virginia and Florida State, both ranked in the Top 25 all season, and Duke, ranked No. 28 in the latest RPI.
Virginia Tech is No. 39 and Miami (Fla.) is No. 47, putting them both in line to earn berths if the NCAA women's soccer committee goes with nine teams.
Virginia Tech, which reached the round of 16 at the 2009 NCAA Tournament, has wins over Maryland and Boston College.
Miami, ninth in the ACC, didn't earn a ticket to the ACC party in Cary but could beat out Virginia Tech for a ticket to the Big Dance thanks to its wins over the Hokies, as well as Duke and Big East power West Virginia.
In Conference USA, SMU moved into the semifinals with a shootout win over Rice but the result goes down as a tie, which could be unsatisfactory for the Mustangs.
They began the week at No. 46 in the RPI rankings and may need to beat top C-USA top seed UCF in Orlando on Friday to wrap up an NCAA Tournament berth.

subset: commoncrawl


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ACParadise Network: American Cosplay Paradise American Cosplay Experience American Cosplay Snapshots
Cosplayer Kimmy > Costume of Natsuki Shinohara (Summer Wars)
- Most Recent Photo
- 05-29-2012
- Series
- Summer Wars
- Character
- Natsuki Shinohara
- Special Variation:
- Avatar 1.0
- Year Completed:
- 2012
- Construction Difficulty:
- Easy
- Costume worn at:
- Katsucon 2012
- Otakon 2012
About this Costume
- Construction Details:
Overall, the costume wasn't terribly difficult to make. The red top was originally supposed to be part of another costume that never got finished. If I remember correctly, I think I made it out of a stretch poplin. The green sash/belt/obi was made out of some scrap green fabric with some interfacing in the middle of it. It snaps together at the back. I don't remember what kind of fabric the hakama pants were made out of, but I should have picked something a little less stiff, and I should have made the pleats a bit deeper as they tend to sit weirdly after I sit down.
The ears were made out of wire and fleece that were then sewn onto a headband. I already owned the boots and the white tie, and the Hanafuda cards were bought at the 100yen store while I was in Japan this past summer.
Add a Comment


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After lots of different information about a possible comeback making the rounds for the last couple of years, it looks like the time is now. A release date of September 1, 2009 has been set for her album entitled I Look To You. There had been all sorts of rumors about the present state of Whitney's vocals. She still sounds pretty good. Not as amazing as she used to be, but what many loved about her vocals is still there. The song is very confessional and honest. However, the verses and choruses do not build up to any sort of climax as she did on earlier work. Even then, this is still great.
Listen to it here (YouTube)
Grade: A-
July 3, 2009
by Sean Garcia on Friday, July 03, 2009 Leave a Comment
Whitney Houston - I Didn't Know My Strength
Labels: David Foster, Diane Warren, Whitney Houston


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Wario64 @Wario64 45m
Been told that one particular GameStop location has about 25 PS4's allocated. In comaprison, Xbox One has about 8-10 at that location. fyi
This kind of falls in line with the
Joey H @patron_of_metal 44m
@Wario64 my gamestop had 12 Xbox one for preorder vs 36 ps4


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A year ago, Assemblywoman Joan Buchanan helped kill a bill that would have improved the Byzantine discipline process for teachers accused of sex, violence or drug offenses involving children.
The East Bay Democrat objected to the piecemeal approach, saying she wanted to revamp the entire teacher discipline process. Unfortunately, what we got this year was AB 375: a bill that, like last year's legislation, makes changes to procedures — some good, some bad — but falls short of the overhaul that was promised.
The bill appeared dead in July but was resurrected days before the end of the legislative session with last-minute amendments that were never vetted through debate. It was yet another example of the ugly last-minute legislating that mocks what's supposed to be a deliberative process.
Nevertheless, Gov. Jerry Brown should sign the bill. While it will not purge classrooms of the harmful minority of incompetent or abusive teachers, it should speed up disciplinary proceedings and make other significant improvements.
The number of notifications required before a district can initiate disciplinary hearings would be shortened. Most cases would be resolved within seven months. The number of depositions would be restricted. For sex and violence cases involving children, districts would finally be able to use related evidence that's more than 4 years old. Abusive teachers no longer would be shielded from initiation of discipline proceedings during the summer, a ridiculous protection that delayed action.
Districts usually would not be able to raise new allegations they learn about within 90 days of the disciplinary hearings. We cannot fathom why that's a good idea. But one of the biggest shortcomings of the bill is its perpetuation of the three-person hearing panel that includes an administrative law judge and two teachers. The accused teacher picks one of the teachers, usually someone who has been union-trained for the task. The district must pick the other. It's often tough to find an impartial instructor willing to judge a colleague.
It's a ridiculous requirement. These cases should be heard solely by administrative law judges, like most public employee labor hearings.
The bill would make picking this panel even more burdensome than before. It requires that the two teachers be selected 45 days before the hearings and be from the same discipline and from the same teaching level, either grades K-6 or 7-12, as the accused.
The changes are not comprehensive reform. They take some steps back as well as forward, still a disturbing distance from a sensible system to protect kids. But the changes are worth testing to see if they make a substantive improvement. If they don't, we'll be calling on Buchanan to try again.


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Ohmahgah! Amy Poeheler is set to star in the big-screen adaptation of a series of YA graphic novels. Exciting! But this isn't a silly superhero casting (though…I would so be on board for that, FYI Hollywood): She'll be playing a heroic lunch lady who "secretly dishes out helpings of justice." The film will be based on author and illustrator Jarrett Krosoczka's upcoming Lunch Lady books — Lunch Lady and the League of Librarians, Lunch Lady and the Cyborg Substitute, Lunch Lady and the Author Visit Vendetta, and Lunch Lady and the Summer Camp Shakedown are all due over the next year.
And the script? Adapted by none other than Internet darling Sarah Haskins. Excuse me while I go fan myself.
When I hear "lunch lady," I immediately go to the Adam Sandler song from SNL, but even given the "sloppy joe, slop, sloppy joe" refrain going through my head right now, I am psyched. I'm the only person who totally loves Parks and Recreation — and I can live with that, thankyouverymuch — but I love seeing Poehler play someone more powerful and commanding.
Thoughts, PopWatchers? Are you smelling what Poehler's cooking?
addCredit("RD/Leon/Retna Ltd.")


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Earrings are the essential finishing touch to everything you wear. At Gemvara, we believe that your earrings should be as unique as you. All our stylish earrings are made to order in your choice of gems and precious metals. Choose amethyst and platinum or tourmaline and sterling silver: it's your choice. Mix and match gems and precious metals for a look that's exactly you. It's jewelry for all life's occasions, from an anniversary or birthday to your own personal milestones and celebrations. Our inspired gift ideas with a personal touch will make this a Christmas to remember. Gemvara uses only the highest quality materials to craft your twists and curves earrings with meticulous attention to detail. Our precious metals are recycled or responsibly mined. Our wide selection of twists and curves earrings by David West, Jeet Palavwala, Tony Rodrigues, and other talented designers means you can find earrings that are exactly your style. You can choose your favorite earring backs too. Gemvara's fine quality twists and curves earrings are designed to be passed down for generations to come, crafted by hand in the United States.
We can help right away. Chat with a jewelry expert now!


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Excellent Business opportunity!! 95 Storage units located on State Hwy 33. High visibility, large traffic count and excellent rental history! Be your own boss! Property also includes a 3 bedroom Ranch home. Call us today!
Features Commercial/Business
|RE For Sale: Yes
|Bus. For Sale: Yes
|Lease Only: No
|Ann. Rent/Sq.Ft.: 0.0
|Bldg Gross Sq.Ft.: 25600
|Taxes: $7,919
Estimate your monthly mortgage payment
How much can I borrow?
Speak with a mortgage consultant: 608-276-5210


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By Catherine Potts
Jul 26, 2007
More Articles by Catherine
Well, Jason Lee Miller of WebProNews opened a discussion regarding link authority on his site… is it dead? Is it dying? I couldn't improve on what Jason said, so here it is:
A month ago, SEObook.com author Aaron Wall blew the whistle on relevancy problems in Google's SERPs. Big name sites, like eBay and Yahoo, set up "infinite" subdomains, addressing various topics, while others bought websites that already had high rankings in Google's index.
So, in essence, the big brands, who already had tremendous authority and presence, were leveraging that status to rank for as many high-paying keywords as possible. And if that weren't enough, they began buying other slots in the SERPs – a strategy that gets your online property appearing three or four times in the top ten results.
Interestingly, Jason refers to David Brain who has been working on a new way for SEs to measure the popularity of a site that includes: content, inbound links, page update frequency etc… basically how active a site is and how many people are visiting, linking, time spent on the site, commenting and so on. Seems like a good idea to me. After all, isn't that a more true picture of a website's popularity? Then again, not every site has visible comments and not every site is the same as far as time to be spent on it. In this day and age of SEO, a company who wants ranking and a competitive edge better be on top of what is going on trend-wise.
David also says:
…with the increasing mass adoption of Twitter and Facebook and favourites listings like Digg and Del.icio.us things have moved on. Bloggers Twitter and Facebookers Dig. Many of us are multi-platform users and so our online 'footprint' is much more dispersed.
Opinions vary on whether or not link authority is dead. Some people are OK with businesses buying their way to the top of the rankings because after all, this is a capitalistic society right? Others do not think it's fair, nor do they have the money to do such a thing. Small businesses might not have manpower to build links for their sites. Any combination of factors could come into play. Is that something everyone in SEO has to consider? Or do we get to the point where there a process that is easier for everyone, on the whole? It is definitely a moving target, morphing into a new animal as more people and companies come aboard.
Is this youth soccer? Do things have to be fair for everyone? Does everyone get a prize, no matter what? It makes sense that hard work pays off and "cheating" does not.
With the millions of sites struggling for rank and popularity, SEs have a conundrum in finding ways that best suit everyone. Always interesting topic for debate and there are always differing viewpoints I enjoy reading. However, there will always a winner and always someone who thinks the winner is cheating.
Join over 4,000 marketers who receive actionable digital marketing insights.


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LW NSH 5 years ago
Scott Hartnell will need at least another 10 days recovery time before he returns to game action.
After skating on Friday, there was much speculation that Hartnell could return to action as soon as this coming Wednesday. That is likely not to happen. It appears that the rugged power forward will need at least another 10 days before re-joining the Flyers' lineup.


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The Sunapee-Ragged-Kearsarge Greenway Coalition summer hikes are up and walking. All hikes are free to the public. For SRKGC information go to www.srkg.com. Please call the volunteer hike leader at least two nights before to learn starting location and time.
August 18 (Sat) SRKG Tr#1: From the northern corner of Goshen over Mt Sunapee, White Cliffs, by Lake Solitude to Newbury harbor. 5.4 mi. D Gerry Gold: geecubed @ yahoo.com (526-2857).
Sunapee Ragged Kearsarge Greenway Coalition
For SRKGC information go to www.srkg.com.
This event occurs on the following calendar:
Add this event to:
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©2007-2017 University of New Hampshire
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ACParadise Network: American Cosplay Paradise American Cosplay Experience American Cosplay Snapshots
Cosplayer Azumi > Costume of Sinbad (Magi Labyrinth of Magic)
- Most Recent Photo
- 02-24-2014
- Series
- Magi Labyrinth of Magic
- Character
- Sinbad
- Year Completed:
- 2014
- Construction Difficulty:
- Difficult
About this Costume
- Construction Details:
All the jewelry, the turbant, the piece that goes in the turbant was made of EVA foam, colored feathers and stonemansory.
- Personal Thoughts:
- This cosplay is the one which makes me so proud of being cosplayer. Took many risks in making this one (like the props) since a lot of people had a high expectation on this one; So I'm highly proud of this one.
Wig Details
- Wig Brand
- Gekkou
- Wig Name
- Magi Sinbad with clip
- Styling Time
- Three days
- Wig Quality Rating
- 5 / 5.00
Add a Comment


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PRI audio player
December 03, 2013
December 03, 2013
Tuesday on The World: How scientists are training for the task of moving Syria's chemical weapons through a war zone. Also, the editor of The Guardian newspaper in Britain is grilled by lawmakers about publishing the documents leaked by Edward Snowden. Plus, a fungus eating away at coffee crops in Central and South America has coffee shops in New England worried.


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Mazurek — Langford Sr. engagement
Sen. Ed and Maryellen Mazurek are pleased to announce the engagement of their daughter, Laura Mazurek to Jesse Langford Sr., son of Wilfred Langford Jr. and the late Alexis Machado.
Laura is a graduate of University of Maine, Orono and is employed as a physical therapy assistant at Downeast Rehabilation in Rockport.
Jesse is also a graduate of University of Maine, Orono and is a teacher at Nokomis High School.
An October wedding is planned.


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Israel brainwave gets French robot to walk
A man in Israel has controlled a robot in France using just his brainwaves, in what is being heralded as a major scientific breakthrough.
Scientists from the Interdisciplinary Centre (IDC) in Herzliya and the Weizmann Institute in Rehovot placed research assistant Tirosh Shapira in an MRI machine, which measured his brain activity. He imagined the movements that he wanted a robot at the Béziers Technology Institute in France, to make, connected via the internet to his MRI machine .
"I was the joystick - it was very exciting," he told the JC. "It's fun, almost addictive."
The experiment involving Mr Tirosh, a 26-year-old research assistant from Rehovot, was the first time that a person has used brain activity alone to control a robot far away. He had just three training sessions to teach him to send the right signals to his brain, in order to make his limbs want to move without actually moving them. These impulses controlled the robot.
Mr Tirosh had screens showing live images from the robot's "eyes" as he controlled it. "I did feel that the robot was a kind of second body," he said.
When the robot approached a mirror, "for the first moment I thought 'I'm so cute, I have blue eyes,' even though it's not me but the robot with blue eyes." When scientists in France picked up the robot, "I felt as if I was being picked up and I wanted to scream, put me down!"
The team that ran the experiment hopes that the technology could help the paralysed by giving them the sense of being able to move around and even travel, by willing a robot to do the things that they would like to do. "It could allow paralysed people, people with locked-in syndrome, stroke patients and people with other disabilities to control devices or a surrogate body," said one of those who directed the experiment, Doron Fridman, head of the Virtual Laboratory at IDC.
- Rescue robots on show in London
Rescue robots on show in London
- Shabbat shop ban demand
Shabbat shop ban demand
- 'Gifts for Bibi' investigation is 'in final straight'
'Gifts for Bibi' investigation is 'in final straight'
- More Wizz Air flights to Tel Aviv
More Wizz Air flights to Tel Aviv
- Roger Waters responds to Nick Cave's anti-BDS stand
Roger Waters responds to Nick Cave's anti-BDS stand
- Morrissey hits out at Israel boycott
Morrissey hits out at Israel boycott


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Ashley Parker
New York Times
March 19, 2013
In a speech before the United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce on Tuesday, Senator Rand Paul detailed his position on immigration, including an implicit pathway to citizenship, contingent on border security, for illegal immigrants already in the country.
"I think the conversation needs to start by acknowledging we aren't going to deport 12 million illegal immigrants," said Mr. Paul, a Republican from Kentucky. "If you wish to work, if you wish to live and work in America, then we will find a place for you."
Though Mr. Paul never used the word "citizenship" in his nearly 18-minute speech, he talked about expanding visas for high-tech workers and giving them priority, discussed issuing "special entrepreneurial visas," and implied that illegal immigrants would have a path to citizenship that was contingent on securing America's borders.


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Addendum 9. Bylaws of Fairfax County Public Library Board Of Trustees
I. Name
The name of this organization shall be Fairfax County Public Library Board of Trustees.
II. Objectives
The objectives of the Library Board are to provide free public library
services to all residents of the contracting jurisdictions in
accordance with the Virginia
Code; regulations of the State Library System; and local
III. Membership
Section 1The Library Board shall consist of not less than five members (Va. Code 42.1-35) (1970) and shall include such additional members as may be determined by the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors or by contract entered into by the Supervisors with other jurisdictions to provide regional library service. 1 (Va. Code 42.1-34).
Section 2A member whose term has expired may continue to serve until a successor is appointed.A member shall be eligible to serve an unlimited number of successive terms.
ARTICLE IV. Duties
The Library Board shall:
- Manage and control the Fairfax County Public Library (Va. Code 42.1-35).
- Establish and enact such policies as will promote the objectives of the Board.
- Approve annually a budget for Fairfax County Public Library services to be submitted to the appropriate governing bodies.
- Select and appoint a Director of the Fairfax County Public Library who meets the qualifications recommended by the Virginia State Board for the Certification of Librarians, and in other respects appears to be qualified for the position of Director.
V. Elections
Section 1 Officals
- The officers of the Library Board shall be a Chair, a Vice Chair, and a non-voting Secretary.
- The Director of Libraries shall serve as the non-voting Secretary to the Board.
- The Chair and Vice Chair shall be elected by voice vote annually at the regular meeting of the Board in the month of June.
- The Chair and Vice Chair shall assume their official duties upon their election and shall serve for a term of one year or until their successors take office.
- An officer shall not be eligible to serve more than two consecutive terms in the same office, except the Secretary.
Section 2 Foundation Representative
- Each year, the Board will elect a member to serve as a Director of the Fairfax County Public Library Foundation, Inc. 2
- The term of Foundation Director is for one year.
Section 3 Nominations
- Only those persons who have signified their consent to serve, if elected, shall be nominated for election.
- Nominations shall be announced at the May meeting of the Board.
- Each year at the April meeting, the Chair shall appoint a nominating committee of two Board members whose responsibilities will be to distribute, receive and tabulate nomination forms, and to report the results in the form of nominations at the regular May meeting. Neither the Chair nor the Vice Chair will be eligible for this assignment.
- Additional nominations may be made at the May or June meetings.
Section 4 Elections
- Each year at the June meeting, elections will be held for officers for the following year.
- If a quorum is not present, a special meeting shall be called as soon as possible for the purpose of holding elections.
- A vacancy shall be filled for the unexpired term by a person elected by a majority vote of the remaining members of the Board, five days notice of such an election being given. When a vacancy occurs in the Office of Chair of the Board, the Vice Chair shall serve for the remainder of the term. In the case of a vacancy in the Office of Foundation Director, notice shall be given and an election held.
ARTICLE VI. Duties of
Section 1
The Chair shall:
- Preside at all Board meetings which she/he attends.
- Appoint all committees.
- Initiate, with the Director of Libraries (secretary) an agenda for each regular Board meeting.
- Sign all documents and communications emanating from Board action.
- Be the spokesperson for the Board.
- Serve on the Fairfax County Public Library Foundation, Inc.
Section 2The Vice Chair shall act in the absence of the Chair and shall perform any other duties assigned by the Chair.
Section 3
The Secretary of the Board shall:
- Send in writing to each Board member notification of each regular meeting, not less than five days in advance of the date of the meeting. Such notice shall include the agenda of the meeting and minutes of the last regular meeting and any intervening special meeting.
- Provide notification of special meetings, stating the purposes of the special meeting and by whom it is being called.
- Record the minutes of all meetings.
- Maintain the minutes of all meetings in the office of the Director of Libraries.
- Index and codify all current policies of the Board. Copies shall be kept at every branch library available for public inspection.
- Present monthly statistical reports on library activities: activity and financial reports, and other reports as requested.
- Serve as Director of the Fairfax County Public Library Foundation, Inc.
- ARTICLE VII. Meetings
- Regular meetings of the Board shall be held once each month, except August, the time and day to be determined by the Board at its meeting in July. 3
- Regular meetings shall be held in Fairfax County or City at the Library Administration Offices or such other place as may be determined by the Board for individual meetings. Special meetings may be held at any place convenient to Board members and the general public, such place to be determined by the Chair and the Secretary.
- A simple majority of duly appointed members shall constitute a quorum.
- Special meetings of the Board may be called by the Chair and shall be called at the request of any two Board members. Only those items listed on the notification agenda shall be discussed at the special meeting.
VIII. Committees
Section 1 Officals
- The Board shall establish those Committees required to accomplish the objectives of the Board.
- Each Board member will serve on at least one committee.
- While Committee members are specifically appointed by the Chair, non-committee members may attend a committee meeting and participate fully in the Committee's discussion, including voting issues.
ARTICLE IX. Parliamentary
Robert's Rules of Order
Newly Revised (9th edition, 1990) shall govern this Board in
all cases in which they are applicable and in which they are not in
conflict with these Bylaws.
The 1915 edition is in the public domain and available online.
- ARTICLE X. Amendment of Bylaws
- These Bylaws may be amended at any regular meeting of the Board by two-thirds vote of those present and voting, provided that the proposed amendment has been submitted in writing at the immediately previous regular meeting.
The requirements for the adoption of a revised set of Bylaws shall
be the same as in the case of an amendment.


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Marvel recently made some interesting waves by announcing that they were officially working on a TV series based on the "Captain America" character Peggy Carter, played by British actress Hayley Atwell in the movie. Atwell reprises the character in a one-shot short film called "Agent Carter" that is included with the "Iron Man 3" DVD/Blu-ray, and she's also rumored to return once again in the upcoming "Captain America" sequel, "Captain America: The Winter Soldier".
The question then, was: will Hayley Atwell reprise her character for a third time … this time as the lead of the TV series based on her character? (If, that is, that TV series should move forward?)
Well someone's finally gotten around to asking Hayley Atwell herself, and according to the actress, Yes, she would definitely do it. Talking to Digital Spy, the actress had this to say about the possibility of playing SHIELD's original badass female character:
I read about that too. The one-shot was so successful, the fanbase were like, 'We want more of Peggy!'. I think Marvel probably take that very seriously, and it's certainly something I would be a part of doing. I'd be interested to show different sides of Peggy. Although she's kick-ass, and she can be aggressive and she can be just as competent as the men, it'd be nice to show that she's a feminist in a way. It's not just about her being aggressive and as aggressive as the men in those action sequences, but being able to be a little bit more rounded as a person. "I think she could be a great role model and a great member of the Marvel Universe.
I love the Marvel lot, they're really great people to work with, so it would be nice to go back and work with them again. I'd definitely do it.
So there you go, Marvel. If you were wondering if Atwell would return, wonder no more. Give her a call if you haven't already.
Meanwhile, you should buy the "Iron Man 3" Blu-ray if you want to see Atwell kick more ass, then catch "Captain America: The Winter Soldier" next year.


text:
Picking a major is stressful: what do I want to do with myself? What do I love? What if what I love will never help me get a job?
While engineers may enjoy career opportunities and starting salaries that the rest of us liberal arts majors only dream of, all is not lost for those who pursued degrees outside of the sciences. In our latest infographic, we look at the industries that are hiring the most and pay the most and highlight the best ways to position your college experiences–regardless of your major–to get in on the action.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|28 Jun 2011
|Filing date
|30 Dec 2009
|Priority date
|20 Nov 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Gregory L. Plett
|Original Assignee
|Lg Chem, Ltd.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (99), Non-Patent Citations (21), Referenced by (21), Classifications (16), Legal Events (1)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/963,307, filed on Dec. 21, 2007, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/811,088, filed on Mar. 25, 2004, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/524,326, filed on Nov. 20, 2003, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to the implementation of a method and apparatus for estimating battery charge power and discharge power.
A number of high-performance battery applications require precise real-time estimates of the power available to be sourced by the battery pack. For example, in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), the vehicle controller requires continuous up-to-date information from the Battery Management System (BMS) regarding the power that may be supplied to the electric motor from the battery pack, and power that may be supplied to the pack via regenerative braking or by active recharging via the motor. One current technique in the art, called the HPPC (Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization) method, performs this task of estimation by using the voltage limits to calculate the maximum charge and discharge limits. As described in the PNGV (Partnership for New Generation Vehicles) Battery Test Manual, Revision 3, February 2001, published by the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, the HPPC method estimates maximum cell power by considering only operational design limits on voltage. It does not consider design limits on current, power, or the battery state-of-charge (SOC). Also the method produces a crude prediction for horizon Δt. Each cell in the battery pack is modeled by the approximate relationship
v k(t)≈OCV(z k(t))−R�i k(t), (1)
where OCV(zk(t)) is the open-circuit-voltage of cell k at its present state-of-charge zk(t) and R is a constant representing the cell's internal resistance. Different values of R may be used for charge and discharge currents, if desired, and are denoted as Rchg and Rdis, respectively.
Since the design limits vmin≦vk(t)≦vmax must be enforced, the maximum discharge current may be calculated as constrained by voltage, as shown below
The maximum magnitude charge current may be similarly calculated based on voltage. Note, however, that charge current is assumed negative in sign by convention employed in the present invention (although the opposite convention may be used with minor modifications to the method), so that maximum-magnitude current is a minimum in the signed sense. It is
Pack power is then calculated as
This prior art charge calculation method is limited in several respects. First, as noted above, the method does not use operational design limits on SOC, maximum current, or maximum power in the computation. More importantly, the cell model used is too primitive to give precise results. Overly optimistic or pessimistic values could be generated, either posing a safety or battery-health hazard or causing inefficient battery use.
What is desired is a new method and apparatus for battery charge estimation based on a better cell model. Such a cell model would be combined with a maximum-power algorithm that uses the cell model to give better power prediction. The new method would also take in operational design limits such as SOC, current, and power.
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for estimating discharge and charge power of battery applications, including battery packs used in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and Electric Vehicles (EV). One embodiment is a charge prediction method that incorporates voltage, state-of-charge, power, and current design constraints, works for a user-specified prediction horizon Δt, and is more robust and precise than the state of the art. The embodiment has the option of allowing different modeling parameters during battery operation to accommodate highly dynamic batteries used in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and Electric Vehicles (EV) where such previous implementations were difficult.
An embodiment of the present invention calculates maximum charge/discharge power by calculating the maximum charge/discharge current using any combination of four primary limits:
In one embodiment, the minimum absolute charge/discharge current value from the calculations using state-of-charge (SOC), voltage, and current limits is then chosen to obtain the maximum absolute charge/discharge power. In one embodiment, the maximum absolute charge/discharge power is checked to ensure it is within the power limits. In one embodiment, the maximum absolute charge/discharge power is calculated in a way as to not violate any combination of the limits that may be used.
Prior methods do not use SOC limits in their estimation of maximum charge/discharge power. The present invention incorporates the SOC of the battery cell or battery pack to estimate the maximum charge/discharge current. The estimation explicitly includes a user-defined time horizon Δt. In one embodiment, the SOC is obtained by using a Kalman filter. The SOC that is produced by Kalman filtering also yields an estimate of the uncertainty value, which can be used in the maximum charge/discharge calculation to yield a confidence level of the maximum charge/discharge current estimate.
Methods of the present invention improve upon prior art estimation of power based on voltage limits. In the present invention, voltage limits are used to calculate the maximum charge/discharge current in a way that includes a user-defined time horizon Δt. Two primary cell model embodiments are in the present invention for the calculation of maximum charge/discharge power based on voltage limits. The first is a simple cell model that uses a Taylor-series expansion to linearize the equation involved. The second is a more complex and accurate cell model that models cell dynamics in discrete-time state-space form. The cell model can incorporate a variety of inputs such as temperature, resistance, capacity, etc. One advantage of using model-based approach is that the same cell model may be used in both Kalman filtering to produce the SOC and the estimation of maximum charge/discharge current based on voltage limits.
Embodiments of the present invention also include methods of charge estimation based on any combination of the voltage, current, power, or SOC limits described above. For example, charge estimation can be based on voltage limits only, or combined with current limits, SOC limits and/or power limits.
Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a power estimating apparatus that takes in data measurements from the battery such as current, voltage, temperature, and feeding such measurements to an arithmetic circuit, which includes calculation means that performs the calculation methods disclosed in the present invention to estimate the absolute maximum charge or discharge power.
These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims and accompanying drawings where:
Embodiments of the present invention relate to battery charge estimation for any battery-powered application. In one embodiment, the estimator method and apparatus find the maximum absolute battery charge and/or discharge power (based on present battery pack conditions) that may be maintained for Δt seconds without violating pre-set limits on cell voltage, state-of-charge, power, or current.
In step 10, the maximum discharge current is calculated based on pre-set limits on state-of-charge. The estimation explicitly includes a user-defined time horizon Δt. In one embodiment, the SOC is obtained by using a Kalman filtering method. The SOC that is produced by Kalman filtering also yields an estimate of the uncertainty value, which can be used in the maximum charge/discharge calculation to yield a confidence level of the maximum charge/discharge current estimation. In another embodiment, a simple state-of-charge is used. Step 10 is further described in the section titled "Calculation Based on State-of-Charge (SOC) Limits."
The maximum discharge current is calculated based on pre-set limits on voltage in step 12. The present invention has two main cell model embodiments for the calculation of maximum charge/discharge power based on voltage limits, although it is understood that other cell models could be used. Both overcome the limitation of prior art discharge estimation methods of giving a crude prediction of time horizon Δt. The first is a simple cell model that uses a Taylor-series expansion to linearize the equation involved. The second is a more complex and accurate cell model that models cell dynamics in discrete-time state-space form. The cell model can incorporate a variety of inputs such as temperature, resistance, capacity, etc. The two cell models are further described in the section titled "Calculation Based on Voltage Limits."
Then in step 14, the maximum discharge current is calculated based on pre-set limits on current. In step 16, the minimum of the three calculated current values from steps 10, 12, and 14 is chosen. It is understood that the execution order of steps 10, 12, 14 is interchangeable. It is further understood that any combination of steps 10, 12, and 14 may be omitted, if desired, in an implementation. Using the chosen discharge current value, step 18 calculates the maximum discharge power. The calculated pack power may be further refined in order to not violate individual cell or battery pack power design limits.
It is noted that modifications may be made to the method embodiments as shown in
One embodiment of the present invention estimates the maximum absolute charge and/or discharge power of a battery pack. The battery pack may be, for example, a battery pack used in a hybrid electric vehicle or an electric vehicle. The embodiment makes a number of denotations and limits, including:
Modifications can be made in alternate embodiments. For example, any particular limit may be removed if desired by replacing its value by �∞, as appropriate. As an another example, limits such as vmax, vmin, zmax, zmin, imax, imin, pmax, pmin may furthermore be functions of temperature and other factors pertaining to the present battery pack operating condition. In one embodiment, it is assumed that the discharge current and power have positive sign and the charge current and power have negative sign. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other sign conventions may be used, and that the description of the present invention can be adapted to these conventions in a forthright manner.
In one embodiment, the model used for predicting charge assumes that the battery pack comprises ns cell modules connected in series, where each cell module comprises np individual cells connected in parallel and ns≧1, np≧1 Other configurations are possible and are accommodated by slight modifications to the method as described.
1. Calculation Based on State-of-Charge (SOC) Limits
As shown in steps 10 and 20 of
z k(t+Δt)=z k(t)−(ηi Δt/C)i k (4)
where zk(t) is the present SOC for cell k, zk(t+Δt) is the predicted SOC Δt seconds into the future, C is the cell capacity in ampere-seconds, and ηi is the Coulombic efficiency factor at current level ik. Here, for simplicity of presentation, it is assumed that ηi=1 for discharge currents and ηi=η≦1 for charge currents.
If there are design limits on SOC such that zmin≦zk(t)≦zmax for all cells in the pack, then current ik can be computed such that these limits are not exceeded. Simple algebra gives limits based on the SOC of each cell:
The pack maximum absolute currents—based only on cell SOC—are then
This method assumes that there is a valid SOC estimate available for every cell in the pack. If this is not the case, then an approximate remedy would be to calculate
where z(t) is the pack SOC.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the power predictive method can take into account more information than simply the cell SOC. For example, a Kalman filter can be used as a method to estimate all the cell SOCs in a pack. Besides giving the SOC, Kalman filtering yields estimates of the uncertainty of the SOC estimate itself. A method of using Kalman filter to estimate SOC is described in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,534,954, hereby incorporated by reference.
Let the uncertainty have Gaussian distribution with standard deviation, as estimated by the Kalman filter, be denoted as σz Then, the method yields a 95.5% confidence that the true SOC is within the estimate �2σz and a 99.7% confidence that the true SOC is within the estimate �3σz.
This information can be incorporated into the estimate of maximum current based on SOC to have very high confidence that SOC design limits will not be violated. This is done as (assuming a �3σz confidence interval):
2. Calculation Based on Voltage Limits
Besides taking SOC limits into account, embodiments of the present invention correct a limitation in the prior art HPPC method for applying voltage limits (steps 12 and 22 of
To overcome this problem, an embodiment of the present invention uses the following cell model:
v k(t+Δt)=OCV(z k(t+Δt))−R�i k(t), (7)
This modifies the previous cell model in equation (1). Note that this model cannot be directly solved in closed form for the maximum current ik since zk(t+Δt) is itself a function of current (cf. (4)) and OCV(•) is a nonlinear relationship. Note that other cell models can be used as well.
Two method embodiments are directed to solving (7) for the maximum absolute value of ik(t).
2.1 Method I: Taylor-Series Expansion
The first method uses a Taylor-series expansion to linearize the equation, so that an approximate value of i can be solved. It is assumed that OCV(•) is differentiable at point zk(t), which gives the result
where the first-order residual R1(z,(t),ik(ηiΔt)/C)/∥zk(t)∥→0 as ik(ηi+Δt)/C→0 in
which gives
In one embodiment, both the function OCV(z) and its derivative δOCV(z)/δz might be computed from some known mathematical relationship for OCV(z), (e.g., Nernst's equation) using either analytic or numeric methods, or by a table lookup of empirical data. This quantity is positive for most battery electrochemistries over the entire SOC range, so the values computed by (8) and (9) are smaller in magnitude than those from (2) and (3) for the same values of Rdis and Rchg.
The HPPC procedure compensates for its inaccuracy by using modified values of Rdis and Rchg, determined experimentally, that approximate the denominator terms in (8) and (9). This can not be accurate over the entire SOC range, however, as δOCV(z)/δz is not constant, particularly near extreme values of z.
Discharge and charge currents with all limits enforced are computed as (steps 16 and 26 of
and power may be calculated using the sum of all cell powers. These are equal to the product of the maximum allowed current and the predicted future voltage.
Maximum and minimum cell and pack power limits may also be imposed in this calculation. Note that in all equations, OCV(z), C, vmax, vmin, zmax, zmin, imax, imin, Rchg and Rdis may be functions of temperature and other factors pertaining to the present battery pack operating conditions.
2.1 Method II: Using a Comprehensive Cell Model
The method for solving (7) presented in the previous section requires less computational intensity. A second method embodiment of the present invention may be used when more computational power is available. This second method assumes a more precise mathematical model of cell dynamics, which might be in a discrete-time state-space form such as the coupled pair of equations
x k [m+1]=f(x k [m],u k [m])
v k [m]=g(x k [m],u k [m])
where m is the discrete time sample index, the vector function of time xk[m] is called the "state" of the system, uk[m] is the input to the system, which includes cell current ik[m] as a component, and might also include temperature, resistance, capacity and so forth, and f(•) and g(•) are functions chosen to model the cell dynamics. Alternate model forms, including continuous-time state-space forms, differential or difference equations might also be used. It is assumed that there is a method to compute SOC given the model that is implemented.
For convenience of presentation, it is assumed that the cell model is in a discrete-time state-space form. Also assume that Δt seconds may be represented in discrete time as T sample intervals. Then, this model can be used to predict cell voltage Δt seconds into the future by
v k [m+T]=g(x k [m+T],u k [m+T]),
where xk[m+T] may be found by simulating (14) for T time samples. It is assumed that the input remains constant from time index m to m+T, so if temperature change (for example) over this interval is significant, it must be included as part of the dynamics modeled by (14) and not as a part of the measured input uk[m].
The method then uses a bisection search algorithm to find imax,k dis,volt and imin,k chg,volt by looking for the ik (as a member of the uk vector) that causes equality in
v min =g(x k [m+T],u k [m+T]), or
0=g(x k [m+T],u k [m+T])−v min
to find imax,k dis,volt, and by looking for the ik that causes equality in
v max =g(x k [m+T],u k [m+T]), or
0=g(x k [m+T],u k [m+T])−v max
to find imin,k chg,volt. A special case is when the state equation (14) is linear—that is, when
x k [m+1]=Ax k [m]+Bu k [m]
where A and B are constant matrices. The model presented in Section 3, entitled "An Example Cell Model," is an example where this is the case. Then, for input uk constant time m to m+T, leading to
Most of these terms may be pre-computed without knowledge of uk in order to speed calculation using the bisection algorithm.
Once the SOC-based current limits imax,k dis,soc and imin,k chg,soc are computed using (5) and (6), and the voltage-based current limits imax,k dis,volt and imin,k chg,volt are computed using (16) and (17), overall current limits may be computed using (10) and (11) (steps 16 and 26 of
with uk containing imin chg as its value for current, and
with uk containing as its value for current.
2.2.1 Bisection Search
To solve (16) and (17), a method to solve for a root of a nonlinear equation is required. In one embodiment the bisection search algorithm is used for this requirement. The bisection search algorithm looks for a root of ƒ(x) (i.e., a value of x such that ƒ(x)=0) where it is known a priori that the root lies between values x1<root<x2. One way of knowing that a root lies in this interval is that the sign of ƒ(x1) is different from the sign of ƒ(x2).
Each iteration of the bisection algorithm evaluates the function at the midpoint xmid=(x1+x2)/2. Based on the sign of the evaluation, either x1 or x2 is replaced by xmid to retain different signs on ƒ(x1) and ƒ(x2). It is evident that the uncertainty in the location of the root is halved by this algorithmic step. The bisection algorithm repeats this iteration until the interval between x1 and x2, and hence the resolution of the root of ƒ(x) is as small as desired. If ε is the desired root resolution, then the algorithm will require at most ┌ log2(|x2−x1|/ε)┐ iterations. The bisection method is listed in Listing 1.
2.2.2 Finding Maximum/Minimum Current
To determine maximum discharge and charge current for any particular cell, bisection is performed on (16) and (17). Bisection is incorporated in the overall algorithm as follows. First, three simulations are performed to determine cell voltages Δt seconds into the future for cell current ik=0, ik=imin, and ik=imax. If cell voltages are predicted to be between vmin and vmax for the maximum discharge rates, then these maximum rates may be used. If the cell voltages, even during rest, are outside of bounds, then set the maximum rates to zero. Otherwise, the true maximum rate may be found by bisecting between rate equal to zero and its maximum value. Bisection is performed between current limits (imin,0) or (0, imax).
Algorithm 1 The Bisection Algorithm.
begin {bisection algorithm} set x1 = first search limit set x2 = second search limit set ε = desired resolution on current in bisection output set JMAX = maximum number of bisection iterations let func(�) be function in which to find root set the search interval dx = x2 − x1 if ( ( func (x1) ≧ 0){// constraint: func (x1) < 0 dx = −dx x1 = x2 }// root is now between (x1, x1 + dx) and func (x1) < 0 for j = 1 to JMAX { dx = 0.5 � dx xmid = x1 + dx if (func (xmid) ≦ 0){x1 = xmid} if (|dx| ≦ ε) {return (x1 + 0.5 � dx} }// have bisected too many times, so return best guess return (x1 + 0.5 � dx) end {bisection algorithm}
3. An Example Cell Model
An example cell model for the present invention power estimation methods is presented herein, with illustrations given to show the performance of the two methods compared to the prior art PNGV HPPC method. The cell model is a discrete-time state-space model of the form of (14) and (15) that applies to battery cells. The model, named "Enhanced Self-Correcting Cell Model," is further described in the article "Advances in EKF LiPB SOC Estimation," by the inventor, published in CD-ROM and presented in Proc. 20th Electric Vehicle Symposium (EVS20) in Long Beach Calif., (November 2003) and is hereby fully incorporated by reference. It is understood this model is an example model only and that a variety of suitable alternate models can be used.
The "Enhanced Self-Correcting Cell Model" includes effects due to open-circuit-voltage, internal resistance, voltage time constants, and hysteresis. For the purpose of example, the parameter values are fitted to this model structure to model the dynamics of high-power Lithium-Ion Polymer Battery (LiPB) cells, although the structure and methods presented here are general.
State-of-charge is captured by one state of the model. This equation is
z k [m+1]=z k [m]−(ηi ΔT/C)i k [m],
where ΔT represents the inter-sample period (in seconds), and C represents the cell capacity (in ampere-seconds).
The time-constants of the cell voltage response are captured by several filter states. If there is let to be nf time constants, then
f k [m+1]=A f f k [m]+B f i k [m]
The matrix Afε
The hysteresis level is captured by a single state
where γ is the hysteresis rate constant, again found by system identification.
The overall model state is
xk[m]=[fk[m]′ hk[m] zk[m]]′
where the prime symbol (′) is the matrix/vector transpose operator. The state equation for the model is formed by combining all of the individual equations, above. Note, that at each time step, the state equation is linear in the input
u k [m]=[i k [m] 1]′,
which speeds the prediction operation.
The output equation that combines the state values to predict cell voltage is
v k [m]=OCV(z k [m])+Gf k [m]−Ri k [m]+Mh k [m]
where Gε
The open-circuit-voltage as a function of state-of-charge for example Lithium Ion Polymer Battery (LiPB) cells is plotted in
The partial derivative of OCV with respect to SOC for these example cells is plotted in
Other parameters are fit to the cell model. In particular, the model employs four low-pass filter states (nf=4), a nominal capacity of 7.5 Ah, and an inter-sample interval of ΔT=1 s. There is very close agreement between the cell model voltage prediction and the cell true voltage. This is illustrated in
4. Comparing Maximum Power Calculations
The PNGV HPPC power estimation method gives a result that is a function of only SOC. Therefore, it is possible to graph available power versus SOC to summarize the algorithm calculations. The first method proposed (Method I: Taylor Series Expansion Method) in this patent disclosure is also possible to display in this way. Estimated power is only a function of SOC, δOCV/δz (also a function of SOC), and static limits on maximum current and power. The second method (Method II: the Comprehensive Cell Model Method), however, dynamically depends on all states of the system. Two systems at the same state of charge, but with different voltage time-constant state values or hysteresis state levels will have different amounts of power available. To compare power computed by the three methods, dynamic tests must be conducted.
For the following results, a pack of LiPB cells is assumed to be with ns=40 and np=1. The data to fit the models was collected from prototype hand-made cells jointly developed by LG Chem (Daejeon, Korea) and Compact Power Inc. (Monument, Colo.). Limits for the power calculations are listed in Table 1. Each cell has a nominal capacity of 7.5 Ah, and Δt was ten seconds for both charge and discharge.
Parameters for power calculation examples.
vk (t)
ik (t)
zk (t)
pk (t)
First, the PNGV HPPC method and Method I of the present invention are compared in
Considering now the discharge power curves, the comparison shows that Method I imposes limits on discharge power to ensure that the cell is not under-charged, whereas the PNGV method does not. In the SOC range from about 15% to 35%, the two methods predict similar powers. For SOC above about 35%, the power predicted by Method I saturates because the maximum discharge current limit of 200 A has been reached. The PNGV method does not consider this limit. At SOC around 99% the graph again shows an anomaly in the Method I calculation where power is under-estimated due to the large derivative term. This apparent glitch is not a problem since the cell will not be operated in this range.
In the discussion that follows, the results of Method II are considered to be the "true" capability of the cell. This assumption is justified by the fidelity of the cell model's voltage estimates, as supported by the data in
The three methods are also compared with respect to charge power, shown in
5. Conclusion
While the methods described herein, and the apparatus for carrying these methods into effect, constitute preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be recognized that changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, which is defined in the appended claims. For example, the steps 10, 12, 14 disclosed in
A method and apparatus for the calculation of power capability of battery packs using advanced cell model predictive techniques has been described in conjunction with one or more specific embodiments. The invention is defined by the following claims and their full scope of equivalents.
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text: Yaroslav Kavenchuk <kavenchuk@...> writes: > and the end. Ctrl-C only :) > > How debug it? This was due to an infinite loop that was expected to be broken by a timeout -- however, as we don't have timeouts on Windows the loop really was infinite. The test is disabled for Windows in CVS. Cheers, -- Nikodemus Schemer: "Buddha is small, clean, and serious." Lispnik: "Buddha is big, has hairy armpits, and laughs."


text:
Tuesday, April 6, 2010
Love Thy Neighbor, Unless They are Overweight Tuesday!
Why don't I like Superman? The question really is, "How can you like Superman?"
She gained a few pounds? Why, she has no right to live, much less find happiness in a relationship! You're too good to her, Clark! You really dodged a bullet there!
Maybe he didn't need his X-Ray vision to count 'em, but he certainly needed a calculator, because Superman's answer is wrong. I love it when that happens.
I guess the writers of Lois Lane thought it would be a public service to keep nerdy comic book readers (and let's face it, if you were a regular reader of Lois Lane you were a nerd among nerds) hip to the latest slang. Thusly:
Now, I'm not saying that "fileboner" wasn't a slang term. But as I did my research, I can tell you it wasn't a very popular slang term, ever. However, we now have the right to call everyone who did better than we did at school a "fileboner" to their face without fear of consequences. So, I guess there was a bit of public service there after all. Frankly, I'm not convinced comic book writers didn't just make up slang to see if any of it caught on. I'd do it.
Thanks again, sPat!
See you tomorrow!
8 comments:
Wow. Now THAT is some Super-Dickery (tm!) right there. That's gotta be the most reprehensible act I've seen Supes commit on this blog, and that's saying something! You're a real swell guy, Clark. Sheesh.
I've got to admit, I formed a somewhat... different mental image when I thought of the word "fileboner".
Tee hee. "Fileboner"
- April 6, 2010 at 1:23:00 AM CDT
- Jeff Overturf said...
Even at his wrong answer...there's no way there are 32,000 beans in that little jar. FAKE! Worst math ever! :)~
That Superman is no fileboner, that's for sure.
- April 6, 2010 at 4:49:00 AM CDT
- David said...
Notice he's afraid to sit up straight. He really does have a fileboner.
- April 6, 2010 at 7:56:00 AM CDT
- Rose said...
*Facepalm* I wanna know why she spent so much time counting the beans in the jar. Isn't there something more productive to do in life than count beans?
- April 6, 2010 at 10:12:00 AM CDT
- Erich said...
At least the fact that she was selected "Wife of the Year" shows that there are SOME people in Metropolis who aren't as shallow as Clark...
- April 6, 2010 at 11:59:00 AM CDT
- Tom K Mason said...
Lois has to count the beans in the jar, because if she eats them, she'll be a fatty and we all know how Supes feels about that!
- April 6, 2010 at 3:20:00 PM CDT
- Captain Infinity said...
Super-mathematics? Isn't what he did just regular mathematics?
- April 6, 2010 at 3:32:00 PM CDT
- Nathan said...
No, in super-mathematics, you multiply every answer by ten. Because that makes it more super.
- April 6, 2010 at 10:26:00 PM CDT


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text:
WASHINGTON, Dec. 27 (UPI) -- The median net worth of a House member more than doubled in a generation while the wealth of a U.S. family declined, a Washington Post analysis indicated.
The growing wealth disparity between lawmakers and those they represent means a greater separation in their respective economic experiences, the Post said.
The median net worth of a member of the House rose by more than 2 1/2 times -- to $725,000 in inflation-adjusted dollars from $280,000 -- between 1984 and 2009, the newspaper's analysis of financial disclosures indicated.
During the same period, the wealth of an average U.S. family declined slightly to $20,500 from $20,600, a University of Michigan study indicated.
The year 1984 was chosen as the starting point because it is the earliest year in which consistent wealth statistics are available, the newspaper said.
The comparisons exclude home equity because it is not included in congressional reporting.
Members of Congress have long been wealthier than average Americans, the newspaper said. But the congressional affluence shift has not just increased lawmakers' median wealth, but also shrunk the proportion of representatives who have little besides a home.
In 1984, one in five House members had zero or negative net worth, excluding home equity, and by 2009, that number had dropped to one in 12, the Post's disclosures analysis indicated.


text:
Part one looks at fruit, vegetables and health. There are chapters on the health benefits of increased fruit and vegetable consumption, antioxidants and improving the nutritional quality of processed fruits. Part two considers ways of managing safety and quality through the supply chain. A number of chapters discuss the production of fresh fruit and vegetables, looking at modelling, the use of HACCP systems and ways of maintaining postharvest quality. There are also two chapters on instrumentation for measuring quality. Two final chapters look at maintaining the safety and quality of processed fruit and vegetables. Part three reviews technologies to improve fruit and vegetable products. Two chapters consider how to extend the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables during cultivation. The following three chapters then consider how postharvest handling can improve quality, covering minimal processing, new modified atmosphere packaging techniques and the use of edible coatings. Two final chapters discuss two major recent technologies in processing fruit and vegetables: high pressure processing and the use of vacuum technology.
With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Fruit and vegetable processing provides an authoritative review of key research on measuring and improving the quality of both fresh and processed fruits and vegetables.
- Reviews recent research on improving the sensory, nutritional and functional qualities of fruit and vegetables, whether as fresh or processed products
- Examines the importance of fruits and vegetables in processed foods and outlines techniques to preserve the nutritional and sensory qualities desired by consumers
- Discusses two major technologies in processing fruits and vegetables: high pressure processing and the use of vacuum technology


text:
Disney to raise ticket prices for 2nd time this year
ORLANDO -- Walt Disney World is raising the price of a one-day, one-park ticket to $67, the company announced Friday.
Disney doesn't release attendance figures and declined to comment on why they raised ticket prices for the second time this year.
The $4 increase, which includes entrance to all four theme parks, will go into effect today. The new price will also effect the company's "Magic Your Way" flexible ticket plans, which allows guests to purchase cheaper packages if they stay longer or visit multiple parks.
When Disney raised its price from $59.75 to $63 plus tax in January, Universal Orlando and SeaWorld Orlando also raised their ticket prices. Price wars have become an annual rite between the three major theme parks.
In January, Universal raised its admission price to $63 and SeaWorld raised its price to $61.95.
Delta files formal request to nix pilot pension
ATLANTA -- Delta Air Lines Inc. filed its formal request with the bankruptcy court late Friday to terminate its pilots' pension plan, as President Bush prepared to sign a bill aimed in part at helping the struggling carrier save its other employees' pensions.
If the court in New York approves Delta's request to nix its pilots pension effective Sept. 2, the government's pension insurer would take over the plan and pay pilots a reduced benefit based on when they retire and other factors.
The 6,000 pilots, as part of a $280 million concessions agreement with the company first reached in April, have agreed not to oppose the pension termination request, though other groups may oppose it. Atlanta-based Delta notified the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corp. in June of its intent to seek termination of the plan.
Toyota, Ex-Employee Settle Harassment Lawsuit
Toyota Motor Corp. and a former employee who filed a sexual harassment lawsuit against the top executive of the automaker's North American corporate unit have settled the case, the automaker said Friday.
Terms of the agreement between Japan's largest auto company and Sayaka Kobayashi, 42, who was an assistant to former Toyota North America Chief Executive Hideaki Otaka, are not being disclosed, said Steve Curtis, a company spokesman in New York. He said Toyota would have no further comment.
Kobayashi, who has since left the company, filed her suit May 2 in New York State Supreme Court, alleging that Otaka, 65, repeatedly made unwanted sexual advances after she began working for him last year. Kobayashi, seeking $190 million in damages, said the conduct continued for several months until she was involuntarily transferred out of the job.
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text:
The implications of hyperbolic discounting for project evaluation
The neoclassical theory of project evaluation is based on models in which agents discount the future at a constant exponential rate. But there is strong empirical evidence that people discount the future hyperbolically, applying larger annual discount rates to near-term returns than to returns in the distant future. This has led some policymakers to argue that, in evaluating programs with benefits spread over decades (such as subway systems and abatement of greenhouse gases), a low long-term discount rate should be used. In fact, some economists have suggested that higher discount rates be applied in the present and lower rates in the future. The authors demonstrate that this is incorrect. The problem with hyperbolic discounting is that it leads to time-inconsistent plans -- a person who discounts the future hyperbolically will not carry out the consumption plans he makes today. The authors note that if social decisionmakers were to use people's 1998 hyperbolic rates of time preferences, plans made in 1998 would not be followed -- because the low discount rate applied to returns in, say, 2020, will become a high discount rate as the year 2020 approaches. Since it makes sense to analyze only plans that will actually be followed, the authors characterize the equilibrium of an intertemporal game played by an individual who discounts the future hyperbolically. Along an equilibrium consumption path, the individual will behave as though he were discounting the future at a constant exponential rate. The individual's consumption path is, however, Pareto inferior: He would be better off if he could force himself to consume less and save more. This provides a rationale for government subsidization of interest rates or, equivalently, lowering the required rate of return on investment projects. Although hyperbolic discounting provides a rationale for lowering the required rate of return on investment projects, it does not provide justification for those who seek to treat environmental projects differently from other investment projects.
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- R. H. Strotz, 1955. "Myopia and Inconsistency in Dynamic Utility Maximization," Review of Economic Studies, Oxford University Press, vol. 23(3), pages 165-180.
- Cropper, Maureen L & Aydede, Sema K & Portney, Paul R, 1994. "Preferences for Life Saving Programs: How the Public Discounts Time and Age," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, vol. 8(3), pages 243-265, May.
- George Loewenstein & Drazen Prelec, 1992. "Anomalies in Intertemporal Choice: Evidence and an Interpretation," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 107(2), pages 573-597.
- David Laibson, 1997.
"Golden Eggs and Hyperbolic Discounting,"
The Quarterly Journal of Economics,
Oxford University Press, vol. 112(2), pages 443-478.
- Laibson, David I., 1997. "Golden Eggs and Hyperbolic Discounting," Scholarly Articles 4481499, Harvard University Department of Economics.
- David I. Laibson, 1996. "Hyperbolic Discount Functions, Undersaving, and Savings Policy," NBER Working Papers 5635, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)
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