text:
for the most part, errata will cause no damage to a desktop or server system. however, that they're there and have been identified would seem to be an indicator that intel knows what's causing them and, therefore, they could be fixed. the reality remains that many companies will not invest resources in fixing problems that do not impact many people. this is true in software, hardware, manufacturing, and other industries as well. if a particular part is defective, it just won't be fixed, because the risk of introducing new problems through the fix, or the expense of testing the new correction (compared to the small expense of actually fixing it) to have proper validation before release is just prohibitive.
i've wondered from time to time how a chip making company with as many years of experience as intel in such a wide array of areas could still release chips that are buggy. i would think that each internal "system" would be nailed down, solidified in design, fully understood, and would behave only as they expected before being introduced into a production chip. and whereas there are always things that slip through the cracks, i would think a high enough value would be placed on fixing it–or making it right–for the end consumer that it would be done that way. of course, there i go injecting morality or ethics into business. bad rickgeek, bad…
read about all of intel's core 2 errata pdf (as of august, 2006), and post your thoughts below about intel's flagship architecture having 47 bugs with no planned fix.
user comments 71 comment(s)
|ehh… (12:01pm est thu aug 24 2006)
"a chip making company with as many years of experience as intel in such a wide array of areas could still release chips that are buggy."
cpu's are too complex. i doubt a "perfect" design will ever be….designed. – by fsd
|actually…. (12:02pm est thu aug 24 2006)
now that i think about it…
it could happen. only 67 bugs out of that many transistors is freaking awesome.
talk about your six-sigma manufacturing. – by fds
|rick (12:03pm est thu aug 24 2006)
you know you are asking for it with this :-)
anyway it is usually common for new chips. each revision should fix. – by me biggd01
|micro-code & drivers (12:09pm est thu aug 24 2006)
how many of the errata can be fixed (or at least avoided) with either a microcode update or a system driver? 67 sounds like a lot, but how many did competeing platforms have at this stage in their life?
– by highlandcynic
|rick (12:10pm est thu aug 24 2006)
one last thing, you must know that 100% defect free design on this scale is almost an impossible goal. so please let's have some perspective on this rather than calling for a bug free design.
– by highlandcynic
|rick (12:31pm est thu aug 24 2006)
"if you remember, it caused rather a stir across the internet."
that might be overstating it a little. possibly it caused a stir for the 45 posters on geek.com that day.
– by historian
|oh brother (12:41pm est thu aug 24 2006)
"..that they're there and have been identified would seem to be an indicator that intel knows what's causing them."
really? where does intel give any indication that they know what's causing the errata?
as an analogy, how about the recent problems with space shuttle?
puh-lease. – by jrink
|as i recall (12:44pm est thu aug 24 2006)
i can not remeber the exact amount but i agree, errata errors are unavoidable.. the peopel that make them are not perfect. i also recall the athlon fx having a lot more then 67 errta errors it was in the hundreds as i recall ! it did not seem to impact athlon fx s performances as it was still back then the king of all cpu's. hit caps key by acident – by alan
|errata (12:50pm est thu aug 24 2006)
lol you're making a deal about 67 errata? lol they are inevitable. errata simply are outcomes that there were no test cases to test for. it is almost impossible to test for all possible cases. thus you test for as many are likely to occur. errata usually occur when things happen in a non-normal way (odd sequence of instructions, fringe timing etc). – by one800tnt
|67 is nothing (1:01pm est thu aug 24 2006)
ive worked with motorola processors that have had hundreds of errata that we had to take into account when developing software for these processors. of course, this was during the development stages of the processor too, and with each revision, most errata are fixed then created, so the list gets shorter over time. however, when an errata is easily fixed with software, they are usually not fixed as the cost to change the dies and such that fabricate the chips would be too costly. im sure intel went through many pre-release revisions, and the 67 remaining are probably simple things that can be fixed with software.
also, errata can show up for the stupidest reasons. say they move to a smaller etching process, all of a sudden errata show up because the transistors start acting differently. there are so many reasons, and its impossible to catch everything because you cant test 100% ever combination of signals on such a complex system. – by fyta
|re: 67 errata (1:30pm est thu aug 24 2006)
all of the hardware guys i know claim that 67 errors is no big deal. in fact, they claim it's rather amazing.
i don't see it. it's not like we're dealing with variable science here. once you "perfect" each portion, then you can rely upon it consistently within a set of parameters. as long as those parameters aren't violated, the machine should be completely reliable top to bottom. that's not the case here.
the fact that intel can put a description to the errata is what indicates to me they know what causes it. i also cannot imagine a design without enough debug ports to be able to sequence everything completely in real-time for any reported bug, allowing them a complete "trace log" or history of what was happening where when it occurred. i'd be very surprised if it is otherwise.
this is intel's newest and best, their flagship x86 processor, the one that will carry them forward from this point. no more netburst. no more legacy p6-derivative, though it's arguable that's what this is. this is their core architecture, the one which propels them onward and upward.
they have fixed planned for 20. of the remaining 67, there may be software workarounds, microcode updates to correct or they might not cause any damage. but for my money, that's neither here nor there.
if something's doing it's worth doing right. that is true in all things i do.
– by rickgeek
|moniker (1:38pm est thu aug 24 2006)
with 67 bugs they should rename it 'internet explorer.' – by ch0c
|ummm (1:46pm est thu aug 24 2006)
if only ie only had 67 bugs. – by b@r
|if only they were as perfect as amd chips (1:49pm est thu aug 24 2006)
oh wait…
– by @md
|rickgeek (1:54pm est thu aug 24 2006)
i find it amazing that when the athlon fx-60 or 62 found over 4 times the amountas to anythign intel had out then, the errats for the amd was in the hundreds as i recall, yet you never stated how bad it was then , but mabye becaus eit was amd and it was okay for amd to have errata but intel isnlt allowed to? seems to me 67 is a heck of a lot better then the hundred and something the fx 60 or 62 had. – by alan
|erratas (2:31pm est thu aug 24 2006)
would you please tell me again how many erratas were found in amd processors and how many were being fixed? better yet, would you post a link to your old article so everyone can read it again? – by kw
|read geek.com it's good for you (2:34pm est thu aug 24 2006)
geek.com wrote an article titled,
amd64: "my god, it's full of flaws"
i'd link it here but i can't, the new system wont let me.
as of the time of that writing there were 136 documented errata only 69 of which made it into production, and only 7 of them hadn't been fixed yet, but had planned fixes at the time, and only 12 of those had/have no planned fix. so i'd say the amd64 errata list is very short, since it's 69 released errata was tabulated well after that architecture was released, and at the time of that article more then 50 of those had been fixed. i'm not a fanboy, but 67 in 2 weeks, with no plans to fix more then 40 of them is not what i would call impressive. – by yelk
|in perspective (2:52pm est thu aug 24 2006)
conroe has 290m transistors.
athlon fx has 230m transistors.
(both cores combined)
67 errors:
assuming 200 errors:
both are great numbers in terms of manufacturing tolerances. – by fds
|the amd banner ad sucks (2:53pm est thu aug 24 2006)
am i the only one but if my mouse curser goes over the amd banner ads on geeks web site it open up and will not close again covering up the article. fix your web pages geek. – by regulas
|assuming 69 errors then…. (2:56pm est thu aug 24 2006)
67 errors:
conroe is 99.99995% right.
assuming 69 errors:
a difference of .00001%.
not a big deal either way. get over it.
|regulas (2:57pm est thu aug 24 2006)
i agree, it is annoying, i have tried getting rid of the amd black add bu can not seem to do it. and it isn't because it is amd because if intel had an add like this on geek.com it would stll anoy me no matter what . – by alan
|ricktroll (4:19pm est thu aug 24 2006)
i hope the only reason you are taking the stance you have taken is to drum up some posters.
as one of my comp sci prof's said, "no program that is large enough to be useful is bug free". it's not that the bugs can't be found and fixed, it's that if you actually take the time to do it, you will never ship the product. especially with something as complex as a cpu…
it's the price of progress, quitcherbitcin.
|re: rick (4:28pm est thu aug 24 2006)
while i agree with your perfectionist philosophy, i also think you are oversimplifying the problem a little bit.
we're not even really talking about a strictly hardware problem here, although sometimes that is the case. it's very hard to design and coordinate all the state machines in these enormous processors. i had a hard enough time designing state machines for a pic clone architecture i designed back in college, and that processor was a tiny little 16bit risc architecture with some 26 instructions and a 4 stage pipeline. when you have so many states and so many paths between states as you end up with in complex processor designs, and then you try to optimize the machine by reducing the number of states, you can very easily overlook scenarios that result in undesirable behavior.
i would say that 67 such problems in the entirety of a processor as complex as the conroe is rather impressive.
and just because they have isolated the result of the error, it's still very difficult to find the source, and that they have not necessary done for all the problems. they may see that sysret unexpectedly clears the resume flag under certain conditions, but they may not be able to identify exactly what conditions cause the action (thus the word "unexpectedly"), and it may be something like crosstalk in the interconnects or it could be a state machine error in one of a number of state machines that have some potential effect on the sysret instruction and rf.
but, yeah, i would agree that it would be nice if they fixed these problems prior to releasing the product, because some of these sound like they have the potential to "unexpectedly" crash my software.
– by drsengir
|asdf (4:32pm est thu aug 24 2006)
"no program that is large enough to be useful is bug free"
utter nonsense. perhaps your "professor" was just bitter about being too incompetent to get a job in the real world.
|windows (5:18pm est thu aug 24 2006)
correct me if i am wrong here but is it not possible that those erratics or errors , this stuff is really greek to me, is it not possible that some of the errors could be attributed to windows . after all, windows is nortorous for bugs and i am assuming they are using windows on these pcs to test for errors. – by alan
|ab (5:26pm est thu aug 24 2006)
oh good grief. it's pretty well accepted as fact in software engineering tht any non-trivial program is subject to bugs. even if you could mathematically prove your algorithm, you still have a bear of a time proving the correctness of anything more than a trivial "hello world" program.
utter nonsense is you saying otherwise.
when you program a short program is far, far less likely to contain an error, but after a certain point an error of somekind, even a simple syntax error is certain.
perhaps you're too smar for your own good and your ego is so unable to recognize the potential for error that you're can't comprehend the risk of getting mowed down by cars every time you cross the street against traffic?
|alan (5:35pm est thu aug 24 2006)
you have got to be kidding me.
no, really, you *have* to be kidding, right?
oh boy.
|oops – typo! (5:46pm est thu aug 24 2006)
in my mesage to ab i committed multiple keyboard errors.
– by highlandcynic
|highland (5:48pm est thu aug 24 2006)
i never once claimed to knwo about this errtica stuff. just because you may know more about it doesnt mean you have the right to poke fun at me. people come here to learn, some geeks more then other geeks. heck if you had any deceny you would instead of laughjing at me , you would be explaing it to me seeing as you understand this stuff and i do not. that would be the decent thing to do. i am sure there was a time in your life where you may not have understood something and then somone explained it to you. if you noticed i was hoping somone would explain it to me. – by alan
|alan (6:16pm est thu aug 24 2006)
please disregard trolls. you asked a valid question.
my answer would be "almost certainly not". though i'm not aware of the exact process involved in verifying these bugs, i would assume a very minimal custom operating system was used at some point in the process at intel. some errata can be verified without any operating system at all (just plug the chip in a testbed).
– by ab
|more objective journalism (6:31pm est thu aug 24 2006)
of course the current athlon 64 – a 3 year old design – still has quite a bit more than 67 "errata" or bugs in the current design design.
a fact the "journalists" here at geek could have found with, or perhaps 15 seconds of work on google…
i wonder why the comparative information was not posted?
here is the link without the doubleudoubleudoubleu prefix so it will actuially get posted…
amd dot com/us-en/assets/content_type/white
|bugfree designs (6:36pm est thu aug 24 2006)
as rick pointed out, it is quite straightforward to create large, bugfree hardware or software solutions–give each developer an assignment that is small and straightforward enough to be provably correct under certain parameters, and prove that those paramaters are never violated. however, such a provably correct design would likely be much slower and much, much more expensive than typical, requiring each developer to be highly skilled in mathematical proofs.
although i believe it is not the place of any professor to make overly broad statements to the people who shell out big bucks to pay his salary, i do apologize for the rudeness of my previous post.
– by ab
|i'm right (7:01pm est thu aug 24 2006)
hm… what i said b4 is correct and no doubt about intel.
again, some will be fixed… uurhh intel again… what does intel think of their customers???? why not fix all????
67 is found and admitted… hm…. – by predator
|errata? (7:42pm est thu aug 24 2006)
…so, what's the problem? all chips have errates. i can't remember a chip that didn't come with an errata. at least they know about the problems. i had a case where there was a bug in a processor and the company wouldn't admit it. now that is upsetting. – by majortom
|bug free possibilities (9:34pm est thu aug 24 2006)
i recently read nasa's software error rate. their product is about 420,000 lines of code. industry standard is about 5,000 bugs for that (according to the article: i have seen standards in some software industries which are half that). there are always exceptions to that, but apparently nasa is one of the biggest exceptions.
nasa had one found bug in its last release. they had one found bug in the release before that. in fact, they only had 17 total bugs in the last 11 releases. it isn't perfect, but it goes to show how well these things can be done when the engineers apply themselves.
bug free every time may not be possible. bug rates that low may not be economically justified if people's lives aren't on the line. just don't say it isn't possible. – by iv
|nasa bug (10:14pm est thu aug 24 2006)
yeah nasa better be bug free.
can you imagine…
"houston, we have a problem we must missed earth and are heading toward the sun"
"houston we have a problem we just ran out of fuel"
but they shouldn't worry the got the most overpaid and underchallenged group of engineers. you'd think they should be able to make a few hunder lines of bug free code. they run them on cpus slower then my 8088. right up the alley of those ambitious nasa engineers – by nasa is a joke
|outdqzldpg (11:59pm est thu aug 24 2006)
0miypuozi8cqv7 fc3kugsxel6j 6edfkkcee3j – by outdqzldpg
|67 bugs (12:08am est fri aug 25 2006)
intel product at last – by yuriha from m�xico
|rick (12:21am est fri aug 25 2006)
"if you remember, it caused rather a stir across the internet."
– wow! some ego!!!
yes, guess it caused a big stir and intel was even contemplating recalling conroe and selling out to amd after your post :) – by id
|errors (1:51am est fri aug 25 2006)
the cell cpu would never have this many errors when it's released. it's a far superior cpu. – by godofwar
|engineering lesson (1:59am est fri aug 25 2006)
erratta are generally no problem at all. they are only major when they cause electrical issues, manufacturing yield issues, or when they can't be fixed with microcode. the truth is that 67 errata is amazing. even logic issues (cases when a corner case condition in the pipeline at a rare state can cause bad performance/results) can be fixed with a few nops or/and microcode update or compiler fix to rarely/never generate those conditions. the key feature of a microprocessor is that, "it can be reprogrammed!" hardware based logic fixes are rarely required, and if the errata doesn't break anything or show up in os boot or hours of gaming (2 of the toughest validation test cases that we use), then it may not need to be addressed at all. just recorded so it can be fixed in the next stepping, or addressed if we work on that unit to add more logic (don't want to build logic on top of an already buggy unit) – by intel engineer
|id (6:07am est fri aug 25 2006)
i say that because we were picked up by dozens of outside linkins and the fact that response pieces were written.
– by rickgeek
|alan (6:08am est fri aug 25 2006)
|i find it amazing that when [amd64]
amd had 136 documented bugs, 69 of which were fixed in pre-release silicon or were later found not to be errata. of the remaining, only 12 had no fix planned with nearly all of those no-fixes having software workarounds.
you can google for "my god it's full of flaws" and you should find the intel and amd errata articles. they appear as the top two choices in google's search.
– by rickgeek
|intel engineer (6:19am est fri aug 25 2006)
correct me if i'm wrong, but when intel says "no fix planned" and the workaround reads "none identified", that means there is no microcode fix or hardware fix. but it does mean intel has deemed the errata insignificant enough to warrant no concern because of its low impact to systems or the potential for corrupting data is so small that they see no value in the fix, right?
– by rickgeek
|ai120 (6:40am est fri aug 25 2006)
"fp inexact-result exception flag may not be set"
problem: in computers, numbers like 1/3 cannot be represented exactly. the fpu is supposed to signal an "inexact result" when this happens, meaning the processor had to stop computing before it reached the exact figure and before the limits of its numerical encoding were reached (32-bit, 64-bit or 80-bit).
1/3 results in 0.3 repeating, meaning the sequence of 3s go on forever. in 32-bit, 64-bit and 80-bit floating point formats, there is a finite amount of storage space and the endlessly repeating "3" cannot be stored exactly. when this happens the processor is supposed to tell the program that it happened. normally those exceptions are masked anyway because the processor generates a lot of "noise" about stuff like this and people generally don't care about minute inexact figures (because 0.3 repeating out to 18 decimal places is still pretty accurate). but there are applications which use that information to then, when encountered, refer to an alternate math library to carry out the work in the equivalent of long-hand or symbollic form to allow the otherwise inexact result to become more exact, or to be represented symbollically.
workaround: "…[insert] three non-floating-point instructions between the two floating-point instructions."
opinion: it's a good thing there aren't any legacy apps out there which can't use the workaround to make this required feature in their software work. oh wait!
intel has a fix planned for this one, but the core 2s released to date do not have that fix employed (or any of the planned fixes employed–every core 2 out there has all 67 of these flaws), which means programs like mathematica could very easily stop producing reliable results when running on core 2 for formulas which would otherwise signal inexactness. now the program thinks they were exact and could make incorrect assumptions.
it's these kinds of bugs which cause me stress. ones which could make existing code not work, and not work in a potentially damaging way to end-users who are relying on their tried, tested and proven software to work a particular way.
remember intel's pentium fdiv fiasco where the processor really did produce faulty results for a certain range of inputs? at one point intel actually asked consumers to prove they would be affected by the flaw before getting a replacement. it was only through continued public outcry that free replacement chips were offered.
at least now they're telling us about the known errata. we are not having to guess as to why our programs aren't working any longer. we can come across unexpected results, go to their errata and say "oh yeah, there it is… that's the cause of my woes. and look, no fix planned. fabulous."
core 2 is how old now? and already it has 67 bugs, with only 20 planned fixes, none of which have yet been fixed through two steppings? to me, that speaks volumes — especially when you consider how badly intel was being beaten performance-wise and thermal-wise with amd's aging 90nm processors. intel had to release something … and they did just that.
– by rickgeek
|intel engineer (6:42am est fri aug 25 2006)
core 2 has implemented none of the fixes to date. the "summary of changes" columns will remove the "x" character when the fix is employed in a given stepping. they're currently on b2 with none of the 67 errata having fixes in hardware.
– by rickgeek
|re: rickgeek (8:53am est fri aug 25 2006)
yeah, wehn i read the errata, some of them look rather significant, like the fp bug. but it's not system critical, and you basically detailed the worst-case scenario, which is that your old software, if it relies on the fpu to tell it whether or not the result is exact (frankly until reading the errata i didn't realize that such a capability existed. i don't think it exists in the ieee 754 standard, but it's been years since i've read that thing and actually written software that interacts with an fpu, fixed point is much quicker).
the fdiv scenario was a disaster, but i don't believe it was on any errata sheet until the problem was reported from various sources in the field, because it occured so infrequently (i think the statistical probability of it occuring was somewhere on the order of 1/10^12 fdivs) that it slipped through the cracks. i agree that it would have been less of a disaster had intel found and acknowledged the problem early on.
– by drsengir
|re: alan (9:00am est fri aug 25 2006)
so, to someone who is more familiar with processor operations it is very clear that these problems could not be os-related. so that may be why highlandcynic found your statement funny, but he should not have berated you so because you aren't so familiar with how these things work. at one point he, too, did not know, and he undoubtedly holds many misconceptions that others of us might laugh at him for.
but the reason why the os is not at fault is that they are not testing os-related operations, they are directly testing processor operations by sending instructions and monitoring responses. the os is not used in this process, so it should not affect the outcome. and, as ab said, it is more likely that they used a slimmed-down test os to avoid dealing with ms's buggy-as-hell code that could potentially mismanage the threads so poorly that results would be mangled irregardless of what processor you run them on.
– by drsengir
|real rick please stand up (11:09am est fri aug 25 2006)
in this article, rickgeek claims that the new core2 is bug-ridden and could possibly cause some of your software to crash.
however, in a new article posted today on geek.com called "overclocking intel's core 2 duo", (the same?)rickgeek states "the x6800 is a 2.93ghz 4 mb l2 behemoth costing us$999. it is the high-end masterpiece released thus far from intel." (changed to upper case for emphasis)
well, which is it rick? a horrid piece of silicon or the best thing since sliced bread?
maybe you have a twin brother or are schizophrenic, i don't know, but these constant flip-flops of yours really diminish the integrity of news posted here. if it weren't for the discussions (where there is occasionally some good info among the flames), i doubt i would look here for technology news any more. – by jrink
|drsengir (11:24am est fri aug 25 2006)
i agree with your assenssemnt of why someone would laugh at somone else just because they do not understand a concept. also, i appracite you explaining it to me. i still find errata complex and confusing and the reasong is probably because it is.
rick, despite this however, i still think core 2 is an amazing processor . i love mine. – by alan
|typical company (11:33am est fri aug 25 2006)
any company that offers products with known problems and refuses to fix them if they have the ability is a company that sells crappy products and thinks that "good enough" is good enough.
no wonder american businesses are seen as shoddy! would you see a japanese company settle for anything less than the best? – by pornfreek
|re: jrink (11:41am est fri aug 25 2006)
so, i'm not going to fight rick's battles for him, but he has not really contradicted himself as you purport. he did not say that the core 2 duo is a terrible processor, he said that he is alarmed at intel's willingness to release a processor that has 67 known defects, some of which may result in erroneous and unexpected software operation. that fact does not change the fact that the core 2 duo is a behemoth, because it is huge, and does not change the fact that it is intel's masterpiece, because it is their biggest, most powerful, and most robust processor to date.
i think people give rick too hard a time, he's presenting interesting topics and viewpoints amidst a lot of flamers and fanboys who would rather complain about rick and his opinions than, say, discuss the facts and opinions of their own in an intelligent and civilized way. now, i recognize your handle from times long past, and i seem to remember that you have contributed positively to discussion, but just as you percieve rick's flip-flopping as diminishing to his character, i view your poorly constructed attack on rick as diminishing to your character.
so why don't we all just stop the hate and have some more productive discussions.
– by drsengir
|jrink (12:25pm est fri aug 25 2006)
it is the high-end masterpiece … it doesn't mean it's flawless. it's just the best they have to offer.
– by rickgeek
|re: pornfreak (1:22pm est fri aug 25 2006)
have you ever owned a mitsubishi?
or perhaps tried to write system code for an hc11?
i think that the quality reputations associated with cultures are silly. the intel processors i've used have been unilaterally less buggy than the motorola processors i've used. in general i would say money, more than culture, is what makes the difference in quality. intel is making billions of bucks off of their processors, so they can afford to put more resources towards design and debugging. motorola doesn't make much off of its hc11s, as far as i know, so it doesn't put as much effort into eradicating errors.
– by drsengir
|rickgeek, your saying… (1:22pm est fri aug 25 2006)
when you said in one of your above posts, "if something's doing it's worth doing right," it just did not make sense gramatically.
it makes more sense if it's like this: "if something's worth doing, it's worth doing right." – by lol bo_fox
|also, (1:25pm est fri aug 25 2006)
i like how you (rickgeek) reply to posts here on geek.com. other geek.com writers such as matthew, etc.. do not reply to our posts at all. they should be fired, or instructed to reply to intelligent posts. – by bo_fox
|re: drsegnir (4:16pm est fri aug 25 2006)
sorry that you mistook the meaning behind my posts. let me try and be more clear so you will understand my point of view.
rickgeek posted this article pointing out that the core2 has, in *his opinion*, an unacceptable number of errata. he does not include any supporting or comparative information for the number of errata found in other intel or amd processors, nor does he respond when onther posters here provide links (such as is allowed) to a past article where he did provide comparative information. poor journalistic procedure, in my opinion, though that's not all that uncommon these days, especially online.
the very next day, he lauds this same processor ("amazing what they can do at 65 nm." – rickgeek) for being able to overclock (and, implicitly, perform) so well. rick, any paritcular reason you chose to not only italicise the word "the" in "the high-end masterpiece" but also chose the word "masterpiece"? those seem to indicate the superlative, not the comparative.
for what it's worth, if rick would stick to writing things like today's overclock article, i think he'd be much more respected as a journalist, because there is virtually no favortism or "fanboyism" shown there, mainly just a simple statement of facts.
in closing, i will give rickgeek credit for one thing. he's really good at starting flamewars. – by jrink
|why waste your money on (6:41pm est fri aug 25 2006)
amd, or intel. they are both full of errors like the xbox360. the cell kicks all there butts easy. why waste money on these. more crap – by godofwar
|question (11:56pm est fri aug 25 2006)
if you bought the chip when it came out then you has 67 errors compared to if you bought the chip 7 months later – you have less errors?? – by corny
|no big news (3:56am est sat aug 26 2006)
both amd and intel release chips with a slight fault. at least intel knows that from inside testing. amd waits until there are enough law suits against them – the 3000 opteron recall last year that pissed of a lot of people in the design industry. don't worry, design studios remember the "incredible????" tech support of amd. – by pixar man
|blurb rubbish (4:18am est sat aug 26 2006)
give me a break, this is a stupid blurb!
67 bugs? is that it? if you compare that figure to the number of instruction setes that go into on chip, and convert that into percentage then it less than 1%.
both amd and intel guarantee their chips at 99% reliability, and as new versions are released the bugs that are part of 1% get fixed too.
so what's the big deal about this blurb article? the guy who wrote this should open his own blog titled idiotgeek.com – by 8-core chip
|bla bla bla (4:27am est sat aug 26 2006)
"amd, or intel. they are both full of errors like the xbox360. the cell kicks all there butts easy. why waste money on these. more crap – by godofwar"
ibm fan… do you think the cell is perfect? may be you need a reality check. nothing is full-proof.
i don't think this article reveals important news. my language is not harsh or direct, but i agree with the last 2 entries. – by star trek
|interesting but with no direction (12:39pm est sat aug 26 2006)
rick starts an interesting topic. but after nearly 4 paragraphs the article falls apart.
why? the article is incomplete and because of that there is no direction or conclusion in sight.
remember, a perfect chip can only be achieved when it�s designed and manufactured by ai (the machines). until then get used to downloading patch files for hardware drivers and whatever software you use.
if rick wanted to bring some credibility, he should have compared the number of errors from each chip company. for one thing you could start with amd and intel. if you want to be a pro, then include sun and ibm. come on, create a comparison chart so we can all laugh together at human imperfections and the self-appointed illusions many hold on to. – by ufo matrix
|ibm sony toshiba cell is flawless (8:16pm est sat aug 26 2006)
the cell cpu will be flawless.
it is 12x faster than any x86 crap – by sonyismygod
|lol (9:38pm est sat aug 26 2006)
some idiot wrote
"ibm sony toshiba cell is flawless "
yeah you hear the line when the ibm vp admitted the horrible yields for cell? some process some design.
how hard is bugs when you only have to run it on one board with one set of very specific hardware. have you seen the boards. did you notice all the capacitors on the damm boards. that tells you how much money they are throwing on that thing to make sure it works at all… garbage engineering is what i know it to be. sure they'll sale 5 million a year. intel does that in a two weeks. cell is a low volume, low yield, high cost product.
that is what you always get when you use ibm technology – by jokes on ibm
|re:jokes on ibm (10:34am est sun aug 27 2006)
jokes on ibm, you have no idea what you're talking about. the cell cpu is so superior to anything amd or intel has. just look at all those games at e3 that were running on the cell cpu. no intel or amd chip can do that. killzone. mgs4. looked amazing. intel and amd only wished this was capable on their crappy cpu's – by godofwar
|years of experience = no matter (11:25am est sun aug 27 2006)
i'm sure ford, with it's over half-century experience making cars, still manages to pump out a few parts every once in a while that may be slightly mishapen, dinged, big, or small, but that doesn't necessarily impede the functionality of the car. also, unless that tiny defectiveness somehow degrades the safety of the car, they will not issue a complete recall or change the way they operate due to one tiny error because a machine happened to hiccup, or because the design was just .00001% off – by you're stupid
|talk about having issues.. (12:47pm est sun aug 27 2006)
see the article at the inquirer..
i told you all months ago that ibm technology sucks and have issues.
amd having trouble with 65nm stock voltage speed.
some process.. do shrink but get no speed… so much for soi, dsl, and sige.. no wonder cell and xbox360 chips are also running so hot. jack the voltage will do wonders for your power numbers as well as your chips lifetime..
amd is falling apart! – by jokes on amd
|mother geek and father geek made one error (12:14am est mon aug 28 2006)
the one night father greek did mother greek he actually came and forgot his condom. out came errata number one and only and was that an errata or what!
rick geek is the reason a women should have a choice. – by rick is errata one
|jrink (7:00am est mon aug 28 2006)
i'm surprised you're not able to discern the difference. in this article i point out that 67 errata on a brand new processor is excessive. in this article i point out that only 20 have planned fixes, yet none of them have been implemented. in this article i suggest that the products should be better than that which we (the public) have received.
in the other article, i'm very impressed with how overclockable the core 2 design is on 65nm process technologies.
do you not see how the two are separate and both valid?
– by rickgeek
|ufo matrix (7:12am est mon aug 28 2006)
other chip companies produce products with a comparable number of errors, as other posters here have suggested (and in the previous errata pieces and the responses written). however, that's not my statement.
my statement is as follows: in everything i've ever written as a software guy, i have made a good reputation by doing one of two things: 1) generally being better and faster at designing bug-free software than the other guy and 2) when bugs were discovered having the fixes implemented in a matter of minutes.
it only takes about 20% longer in development time to do it right, and if you're willing to work extra hours when the time is required then it takes no longer from the customer's point of view, and only slightly longer during crunch time to do it right.
intel was behind the curve for a long time. they knew way back that netburst was dead. they have had two years or more to complete this product. and yet, through all of that development and test cycle time they still have an issue with something as fundamental as the fpu not signaling inexact precision interrupts, or the fxsave not working properly.
i don't even see how people could allow that kind of thing, and i am being quite serious here. that would be like buying a new car where whenever you drive on gravel roads the brakes don't work if you're turning right while braking. as long as you never do that it's not an issue, but the first moment you need to brake on a gravel road while turning right, there goes the ball game. you potentially die because the braking system fails.
well with core 2, when you come to the point where you need these abilities the core 2 now becomes useless and errant. it will produce flawed results and your computation will fail.
it is unlikely that even those who need exact precision would be able to tell a difference in normal computations between 18 significant digits (in base 10) and an exact representation, because 18 significant digits is still a lot. but, i'm not prepared to make a statement that it will never be required and that when it is required it will never be important, and when it is important it won't be life threatening.
core 2 has a serious issue here and it needs to be addressed. i am apparently about the only one who sees this as something major.
i bet if an airplane was brought down by a faulty processor then people's opinions of such things would change. and there's no reason why that couldn't happen, given the right set of circumstances.
as long as known errors exist, they should become previous known errors which have since been fixed. and that goes for all of them. that is the definition of doing things right.
– by rickgeek


text:
May 02, 2013 John Hofilena Lifestyle & Travel 1
Akio Toyoda, grandson of the founder of Japanese automobile manufacturing giant Toyota Motor Corp., will be one of the four drivers of the Toyota team taking part of the grueling Nurburgring 24-hour race this year, a company spokesman revealed on Wednesday. Toyoda, who is currently president of the Japanese carmakers, has a well-known love for motor sports and has competed in the world-renowned endurance race in Germany before.
The Nurburgring is a motorsports complex in the village of Nurburg, in Rhineland south of Cologne, where the endurance race will take place on May 19 and 20. The circuit is world-famous for its demanding turns and elevation changes. The complex features a Grand Prix track, and the much older and longer "North Loop" which dates back to the 1920s that is made up of rough roads, tight turns, blind corners and hills with little room to safely stop if you miss. The race has been known to claim lives because of the difficulty of the track. The longer course used for the endurance race is 12.8 miles (20.8 km) long and features more than 300 meters (1,000 feet) of elevation changes from its lowest to highest points, giving the course a famous nickname to racers – "The Green Hell".
Given that President Toyoda has gone through this difficult course before – in 2007 and 2009, when he was then a vice president of the company – people can be relatively at ease that the Japanese executive knows what he's doing. "It's not merely a private activity," the company spokesman said. "This is part of the company's effort to produce good cars by judging the performance of our production under such severe conditions," he added. And Toyoda is making a very good show out of it, too. This will be his first participation in the endurance race since becoming the Toyota's top executive in June 2009. The company as a business has seen rough times when Toyoda took the reins, faced with a very weak global economy and plagued with recall scandals that the car company is recovering from until now. Toyota has grown out of that adversity, steered ably, it seems, by Toyoda. With the commitment he has for the company, and a truly distinct love for cars as shown by this act, he may just be able to lead Toyota to greater heights. Even if he loses this race, finishing it unscathed is almost always an achievement for carmakers who join the race, and so it will be for Toyota.
[via Global Post]
He better be driving that pink Toyota Crown they unveiled a few months ago!
Comments Off on JDP Startup Corner: Pros & Cons of Working with a Partner in Japan

subset: commoncrawl


text:
M&T profits rise 49 percent, boosted by stock sales
M&T Bank Corp.'s second-quarter profits rose 49 percent from a year ago, a strong showing bolstered by selling its holdings of Visa and MasterCard shares.
The bank reported net income of $348.5 million, compared with $233.4 million a year earlier, for the quarter ending June 30. Its diluted earnings per share were $2.55, compared with $1.71 a year ago.
"Our earnings quality remained strong in the recent quarter, including higher net interest income, comparatively strong mortgage banking revenues and above-average credit quality," said Rene F. Jones, executive vice president and chief operating officer, in a Wednesday conference call.
M&T sold its holdings of Visa and MasterCard shares for an after-tax gain of $62 million. It had received the shares during the restructuring of those companies prior to the financial crisis. The bank's non-interest income, which is generated from sources including fees, was $509 million, up 30 percent from $392 million a year ago. M&T's net operating income was $361 million, or $2.65 per share, easily topping analysts' estimates of $2.10 per share. The bank's net interest income from taking deposits and making loans was $684 million, a 4 percent increase from the second quarter of 2012.
Loans grew at an 8 percent annualized rate in its Western New York and upstate region during the quarter, and at a 7 percent annualized rate in its Pennsylvania region, exceeding the modest growth pace of many markets.
Jones said M&T continues to benefit from the effect of HSBC's divestiture of its upstate retail network, as some customers affected by the change in affiliation of those branches are still choosing a "new home" for their banking.
M&T, at the Federal Reserve's direction, is working on submitting a revised Bank Secrecy Act/anti-money laundering compliance program to resolve deficiencies identified in M&T's procedures, Jones said.
"We're really focused on submitting that plan, and then we'll have our head down for some time trying to make sure that we have everything in place to execute it."
Once those issues are addressed, M&T can turn its attention to other matters, like its planned acquisition of Hudson City Bancorp, Jones said.
Jones said the bank has hired about 500 people who had worked at Bank of America's mortgage servicing center in Getzville; a second phase of hiring is under way, and he said since the last quarter, M&T has hired 53 professionals for Bank Secrecy Act/anti-money laundering compliance work.
email: email@example.com


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The day after his highly publicized exchange with outgoing Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Wisconsin Senator Ron Johnson was back at it with her designated successor.
The topic – Johnson's concerns that initial State Department talking points regarding last year's deadly attack on the U.S. embassy in Libya may have been a deliberate attempt to deceive, rather than a lack of sufficient facts – resulted in a heated exchange between Clinton and the Wisconsin Republican during a hearing into the Benghazi attack on Wednesday.
On Thursday, Johnson took a similar tack with Senator John Kerry, the White House nominee to succeed Clinton, at a confirmation hearing. Kerry turned the questioning back on Johnson.
AUDIO: Johnson, Kerry (2:45)
Kerry: Senator, in all fairness, we do know what happened. I think it is very clear. Were you at the briefing with the tapes?
Johnson: No.
Kerry: Well, there was a briefing with tapes, which we all saw, those of us who went to it, which made it crystal clear. We sat for several hours with our intel folks who described to us precisely what we were seeing. We saw all of the events unfold. We had a very complete and detailed description.
Johnson replied that he still wants to know more about the initial talking points, which ascribed the attack that killed four Americans to spontaneous protests. Only later did officials at the State Department report that Ambassador Christopher Stevens and the others killed had been victims of coordinated terrorist attacks.
Johnson: We know what happened in Benghazi now, because we have the reports. What we don't know is why we were misled. I'm just looking to make sure that you as Secretary of State will work with me, so we actually do find out what the administration knew.
Kerry: Senator in fairness, I don't want the American people to be left with a misimpression here. When you say 'why we were misled,' that implies an intent to actually mislead you somehow. I think that there was a description of a variance of talking points. I don't know why that happened, but there was a description of that.
Johnson: And all I'm asking, will you help us to get to the bottom of why that happened, and then we can move on.
Kerry: The State Department will continue to cooperate – as it has – as it has in every respect to any request of this committee, or any committee of relevant jurisidiction.
Johnson: Great, and I appreciate that commitment.


text:
We are in the serious stages of an itinerary bending pre-Cairo, Nile Cruise and white desert trip.
We have locked in most of the 'must see' and 'must experience' (plus must do) we are, how should I say.....Discussing......... the transport from Cario to Luxor and on to Lake Nassar cruises.
Just a brief background, we are travelling with children and like independant travel - mostly. We have been in the 'will night train' frame of mind unitl recently. When a work collegue has just returned from Egypt with 'stories' from fellow travellers whilst she was touring the sights. Whilst our friend didn't 'night train it' she had heard from those who did and who said they wont go back and do it again.
Stories included the usual, watch out for your belongings (I think this is a general travel warning) to the unsanitory comments about facilities and food and general inconvenience of the train/timetable/logistics.
So please, those who have been and seen do respond....those who have had friends/family travel on the train do so also
.........and hey anyone else that wants to throw their comments into our family 'discussion' most welcome!!!
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Night train or not to Night train? your thoughts...............
We are in the serious stages of an itinerary bending pre-Cairo, Nile Cruise and white desert trip.
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Kidnapping of U.S. tourists is latest blow for Egypt ... of five people traveling from Saint Catherine's monastery in central Sinai to the popular resort town of Sharm ...
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Have not been on the train, but with children - I would fly.
(Note: I lived in Egypt for 4 years with young children, starting at ages 8-9)
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The OP isn't going anywhere near Sharm or driving thru the Sinai, besides those kidnapped were quickly released. Egypt, is a large country and while incidents anywhere is of concern and can/do happen everywhere in the world, doesn't mean the rest of a country should be avoided.
As with travel anywhere these days people have to be aware.
For transit between Cairo and Aswan/Abu Simbel, especially with children, I'd fly!
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I would fly no doubt. Above post is making light of an entire country in severe trouble. To say "besides those kidnapped were quickly released" is crazy. Egypt today is different than many other frequently visited countries and the potential traveler needs to be an informed decision based on the current situation.
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We took the overnight sleeper train and loved it. It was much better for our family - had we taken a very early morning flight, one or two of them likely would have missed the flight. And we love train travel in general. That said, I wouldn't walk around barefoot, and the food was pretty bad (we brought our own).
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sf7307 - your critique of the train is right on in my opinion. I have taken it many times, and unless you are very hard to please, it's not bad. I don't even think the food is THAT bad, but it's true, you can easily visit a grocery store before catching the train and take your own if you want.
BUT - having said that - I would probably fly these days until things stabilize a bit more. Why? There are people in Middle and Upper Egypt, that seem to think sitting on the train tracks to disrupt train service is a good way to protest whatever the gripe d' jour is. This could mess up your schedule if they don't clear the tracks quickly and could be frightening as you wonder what is going on. Unfortunately, there is not a good speaker system on the train where announcements are made in English frequently, so you would be in the dark (so to speak) at this time, if it happened. To avoid this - fly this leg of the trip at this time.
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Good point, CC - you're pretty much a "sitting duck" on the train.
(As an aside, I slept like a baby on the train)
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sf - I think using the term "sitting duck" might be a "loaded term" that might frighten people. I actually don't think the people on the train are in danger - there is a chance, but more, you are in danger of having your schedule screwed up. I have not heard any stories (rumor or otherwise) of the people on the trains being robbed or anything else.
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In other words - it could be a MAJOR inconvenience and disconcerting because you probably won't know what is going on if it happens.
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The sleeper train will be a genuine Egyptian experience, the flight certainly won't be (you could have seen the inside of an Airbus or Boeing staying at home!).
No-one gets robbed on the sleeper train, that's an urban myth - or at least, no more of a real concern that your airline bags going misisng, or your hotel room being broken into. There HAS been disruption to all forms of transport due to the current strife, but then that's Egypt at the moment, unfortunately.
Kids will love bunk beds on a train, an you'll love putting the blind up next morning and seeing the Nile Valley sliding past. No airport stress, either.
I suspect people's reactions say more about the person doing the reacting than the train. Someone who expects the whole world to be westernised Hyatts, Sheratons, MacDonalds, American Airlines, tourist buses, may not be used to the realities of Africa or Asia. Those used to 'real' travel in those continents will find the Egyptian sleeper pretty good.
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thank you for the replies, I little bit mixed though. I suppose this echos our discussions on the train as well.
we are not the 'everything needs to hyatt' style of traveller but nor are we that flexible to have our time 'diverted' by train delays.
perhaps we could try for extra time off work so we have the time therefore we will not be so 'anxious' if we miss a tour or a connecting 'pick up'.....
might sleep on this (sorry that pun wasn't intended hahaha!)
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<<I suspect people's reactions say more about the person doing the reacting than the train.>>
I hardly think that's the case.
(Coming from someone currently living in Angola)
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<<(you could have seen the inside of an Airbus or Boeing staying at home!>>
You clearly have not seen the new(ish) Egypt Air Express. These are a line of planes from Brazil that are fabulous. The whole thing is outfitted with decent leg room and leather seats. Not a horrible way to spend an hour moving from one end of Egypt to the other.
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@Sandi- '... Were quickly released...' !!!?? Yes- everything is relative, and even spending the night in Homs may be an interesting & survivable local experience, but KIDNAPPING is, globally, a criminal act. My Egypt experience is thin (3-4 weeks over the last 2 yrs) but I've ridden the train (for seasoned emerging market travelers, BTW, not newbies with kids) and although we're generally safe enough in Egypt, these are difficult times and you WILL NOT know you are in trouble till its too late. Counting on a 'quick release' is hardly most traveler's picture of an enjoyable/educational vacation. Egypt will be there next year too.
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I like overnight train travel and took the train last December. We had locks on the door and ate the train food. However, this train did not run smoothly. It slammed and banged all night. And the bathrooms! Ok if you are not too sensitive about smells and are tall enough to squat over the toilet. Don't know how flexible your kids are or how old, but sanitation is what it is. And, of course, the train cabins are very small and you need to pack accordingly. Large suitcases will not fit and you can't leave them out! We watched people back in and then drag the suitcase in behind them. Which means, if u need to use the bathroom, u need to drag the suitcase back out...... yikes
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Excellent, Annergizer.... perfect description of reality, and it's not for everyone!
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Thanks Casual cairo and everyone for the inside scoop on the sleeper trains. I'm booked on a tour next week that uses the overnight train to Aswan so think I will bring food, drink, flash light (just in case?) and a good book....oh and always a smile. Is there a lounge area?
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MsLizzy - The Sleeper Train has a bar car. It is the place where they allow smoking on the train so it can be pretty awful with smoke and old men sitting around drinking tea and smoking cigarettes. It might also be full of students from abroad drinking and dancing. I've seen it both ways, and it can be fun or boring.
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I took the night train (sitting, not the sleeper) and I will never, never, never, never, never do that again.
Did I mention I will never do that again?
It was the train ride from hell and if you want details please click my name for my report.
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thanks CC. This may e a dumb question. Do the sleeper train compartments have their own bathroom? Since I hate cigarette smoke and haven't been a partier of the young student kind for a long, long time I think a good book will more my speed.
Read your report P_M. A few good things to know along the way.
I'm reading a few books at the moment including....Cairo, My city about the 2011 revolution and The Cairo Trilogy
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MsLizzy - No, no private bathroom compartments. Each room has it's own sink only. The toilet is at the end of the hall and is shared. My experience with this has always been good, but you will find people that did not find theirs to be clean. If I were on the Sleeping Train and the bathroom were messy or dirtier than my expectations would have been, I would go get the porter and ask him to clean it up. This might require tipping him as much as LE5 or more to do it, but if it means feeling like you can go in there or not, I would do it. Again, I have never felt the bathroom was dirty on the Sleeping Trains I've been on. Never found sticky floors or other icky things in there. But, treat your Porter well, and he will treat you well. Remember he is not paid as well as an AMTRAK Porter so considering the fee to ride on this train is a fraction of AMTRAK prices, don't expect it to be AMTRAK. But, I think it is really quite decent. If you are picky about food, bring your own. What they serve is really quite edible, but breakfast is HIGH in carbs - about 6 different types of bread with a little cheese or butter to put on it. It's not very imaginative. You will probably get a piece of fruit with your dinner - save it for breakfast and eat it with your coffee or tea... and/or go to a supermarket before leaving and purchase a baguette and cheese and some fruit for the trip.
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I prefer to fly more than stay 12 hours on the train, but you have to know domestic flight in Egypt start from 110 $ and up due to class rate, I took my flight ticket Cairo/Aswan/Luxor/Cairo with rate 120$ through Le Caire Travel www.lecairetravel.com
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Thanks CC. I will take your tips and apply them. I leave tomorrow evening, flying out of Montreal and I'm soooo excited to be coming to your country. Taking my netbook so will might be in touch again.
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I've done a lot of traveling but I will never take the overnight train in Egypt again. It's long, tiring and forget about sleeping. You get bounced around the whole night. The bathrooms are less than clean and the breakfast is scarey.
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yu243229 - were you on the Sleeping Train? Or the seated first class train? The seated first class train might be described as you say, but I find the Sleeping one to be significantly nicer....but that's just me. Everyone has their own experience and opinion.
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CC, not just you. We enjoyed the overnight sleeper train. Slept well, service was nice, the bathroom was passable (not that I would walk without shoes ). We loved waking up to watch the passing Nile scene.
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Well, I'm back from Egypt (wonderful trip)and survived the nighttrain. It was fine, clean, good service and I slept better on the return trip. I wore earplugs and that just muffled any clanging. I do suggest bringing water and your own healthy snack. Protestors up the line delayed the return trip from Luxor 4.5 hours but we arrived in Cairo only an hour or so late.
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We flew from one place to another in our recent Egypt trip. From Aswan to Luxor, we had a private minivan and drove. After our time in Luxor, our guide was going to take the train back to Aswan - but due to some problem (strike/ track blockage) that evening's train was cancelled. He also mentioned when he came back from Cairo the week before, the 13 hour trip ended up taking 20 hours for the same reason.
Of course, when we got to the Luxor airport, the entrance was also blocked due to a work disruption or protest; but our driver and handler took us to the military entrance, where all the travellers piled onto an internal bus and were driven to the Terminal.
Despite the hassle, our plane left on time. Air Canada should take notes.
However, due to the low volume of tourism (because of media scares) there's a lot of flights cancelled, combined, and rescheduled these days. Whatever method of travel you choose, I hope someone is tracking any last-minute changes and letting you know.
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Thanks for the update MsLizzy.
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text:
Verizon launched their own app store over two years ago for Blackberry and Android devices. Now they are announcing the end of the store in a statement:
Verizon Apps Closing January 2013
Verizon set out to create an app storefront, offering device optimization, security and simplicity for developers. Verizon Apps launched in March 2010— the beginning of what would be an app popularity surge. There's now a whole new tech landscape in which both consumers and developers can interact like never before. We're evolving our strategy to further simplify today's experience and meet the needs of tomorrow.
In January of 2013, Verizon will start the process of removing the Verizon Apps application from ALL compatible Android and Research in Motion devices. We anticipate completing this process by March 27, 2013. But, no need to fear. Most apps existing on Verizon Apps are already available on multiple app storefronts, such as Google PLAY, Amazon and BlackBerry® App World. Business applications submitted to Verizon's Private Applications Store for Business will continue to be available for purchase and download to enterprise customers.
We'll be introducing new merchandising strategies, starting with AppLuvr: an app that can help get your Android app discovered by millions of Verizon customers.
During this transition, Developers will still
Have access to app metrics & reporting
Receive payments while the shutdown client is being deployed.
The VDC portal will continue to operate and is still a developer's gateway to all Verizon Tools & APIs, platforms, 3rd party partner tools, Forums and @verizondev.
More info at Verizon.
If you have a Blackberry app from the Verizon store, you should see if it is available at Blackberry App World. A lot of the apps from the Verizon Store are also on Blackberry App World.


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Up for Auction is a Danbury Mint Collection, "Bicentennial Sliver Ingot"There are 36 bars of which each contains 750grains of Sterling Silver. They are encased in a, I believe a walnut glass top case that measures approximately 25x9x2 inches, that weighs approx. 10lbs Each bar depicts an early American Event: 1st President Inaugurated Cross the Delaware Boston Tea Party Battle of Trenton 1st Continental Congress Stars and Stripes Adopted Patrick Henry Speech Lafayette Commissioned Paul Revere's Ride Liberty Bell Moved Lexington-Concord Battle Surrender at Saratoga Fort Ticonderoga Falls Winter at Valley Forge Birth of the U.S. Army Von Steuben Volunteers Battle of Bunker Hill Battle of Monmouth Washington in Command Winning of the Northwest King Denounces Colonies Jones Scorns Surrender Birth of the U.S. Navy Pulaski Killed Falmouth, ME. Burned Benedict Arnold's Treason Birth of the U.S Marines Battle of Camden Paine's Common Sense Surrender at Yorktown Independence Declared Paris Peace Treaty Patriots Destroy Statue Washington Bids Farewell Nathan Hale Execute Franklin goes to France Also included is a booklet which contains 36 index cards that ... read more


text:
Globalization and the Market for Teammates
The globalization of firms is explored at theoretical and empirical levels. The idea is that a global firm is a multi-cultural team. The existence of a global firm is somewhat puzzling. Combining workers who have different cultures, legal systems, and languages imposes costs on the firm that would not be present were all workers to conform to one standard. In order to offset the costs of cross-cultural dealing, there must be complementarities between the workers that are sufficiently important to overcome the costs. Disjoint and relevant skills create an environment where the gains from complementarities can be significant. It is also necessary that teammates be able to communicate with one another. The search for the best practice' is analyzed and empirical support from an examination of trading patterns is provided.
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
|Date of creation:
|May 1998
|Publication status:
|published as Lazear, Edward P, 1999. "Globalisation and the Market for Team-Mates," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 109(454), pages C15-40, March.
|Contact details of provider:
| Postal: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Phone: 617-868-3900
Web page: http://www.nber.org
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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Becker, Gary S & Landes, Elisabeth M & Michael, Robert T, 1977. "An Economic Analysis of Marital Instability," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 85(6), pages 1141-1187, December.
- Bengt Holmstrom, 1982.
"Moral Hazard in Teams,"
Bell Journal of Economics,
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The momentum is building for Lauderhill (Fla.) Plantation safety Vladimir Emilien. The 6-foot-1 190-pounder picked up his first offer from UConn just a few weeks ago and now already has three more under his belt, including two from the Big Ten.
Emilien had picked up a verbal offer from the Ohio State Buckeyes not long ago and recently he received the paperwork along with the written offer from USF that he was expecting and one more offer he wasn't expecting.
"The University of Minnesota offered me," he said. "It just hit me out of the blue today when they called coach. Out of the blue they just offered."
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Emilien has more to learn about the Gophers but the Florida native has stated that he is not opposed to playing in the Big Ten, evidenced by his interest in the Buckeyes.
"Ohio State I'm thinking about very highly because I feel that I could be a big time player at Ohio State," he said. "I can play free safety and I have a lot of speed and can cover. Basically I feel like it would give me a better chance of making it to the NFL."
With Minnesota handing him an offer and Ohio State high on his list, there is still more Big Ten interest for Emilien.
"Over the summer I'm looking to visit Michigan and Texas if they offer me," he said. "Michigan I haven't really heard from them but they've started talking about me, trying to see if I'm worth recruiting."
Emilien is also hoping to hear from Texas and Georgia in the recruiting process but at this point he is excited to be getting the attention he deserves.
"It's starting to get exciting because I know it's just starting to heat up," he said. "I gotta stay in a modest mood and I'm just happy that people are starting to recognize my talent."
Emilien has been staying in shape recently by running track where he runs a 22 second 200 and a sub-50 second 400. He also plans to get up to Columbus Ohio to visit for the Spring Game in April This week, he will be taking a look at USF as well.