text:
Chronology for Hutus in the Dem. Rep. of the Congo
|Minorities at Risk Project
|Publication Date
|Cite as
|Minorities at Risk Project, Chronology for Hutus in the Dem. Rep. of the Congo, 2004, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/469f387fc.html [accessed 18 November 2017]
|This is not a UNHCR publication. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States.
|Conference of Berlin acknowledges the claims of Leopold II's International Association of the Congo.
|In response to growing criticism of the treatment of the African population, the Belgian parliament annexes the Belgian Congo.
|Production of goods and minerals is greatly increased to finance Belgian efforts in World War II. Large-scale social and economic changes occur as many rural Africans relocate to urban areas. Demands for political reforms grow. Many Banyarwanda are brought into the Kivu region by Belgians to work the fertile soil. Other Banyarwanda had been in Congo already since the arbitrary drawing up of borders by the colonial powers did not take into account traditional ethnic divisions.
|Legal reforms are enacted permitting Africans to own land and giving them some political participation.
|Alliance of the Kongo People (Abako), headed by Joseph Kasavubu, issues a manifesto calling for immediate independence.
|Calls for the independence of Katanga grow. The separatist party Conakat (Confederation of Katangan Associations) is established and headed by Moise Tshombe. More Banyarwanda migrate to the Kivu region from Rwanda to escape ethnic fighting which began in 1959.
|Belgians disperse a crowd of Abako supporters at a political meeting. Widespread rioting results. Belgium recognizes the total independence of Congo as its main goal.
|The MNC (Congolese National Movement) which had emerged as an important actor in the independence movement splits into two camps. One faction is led by Patrice Lumumba who is Tetela, an ethnic group of Kasai province. This faction, known as MNC-Lumumba is largely supported by the Lulua ethnic group in Kasai. The other faction was headed by Joseph Ileo, Cyrille Adoula, and Albert Kalonji, a Luba-Kasai. This moderate wing, known as MNC-Kalonji, drew support from the Luba-Kasai.
|In national legislative elections, MNC-Lumumba wins the largest number of votes. The Belgian authorities name Lumumba prime minister.
|Abako leader Kasavubu is elected president. Congo (then Congo) becomes independent from Belgium.
|Moise Tshombe declares the region of Katanga, later Shaba, independent. This independence bid was backed by Belgian interests as the Shaba region is rich in minerals.
|South Kasai, headed by Albert Kalonji, secedes. Lumumba used military forces loyal to him to launch a major offensive against both Katanga and Kasai secessionists.
|The president and prime minister formally break and fire each other from their posts. Mobutu Sese Seko, chief of staff of the military, steps in and assumes power while keeping Kasavubu as nominal president. The country is run by the "College of Commissioners." At this point, the country is divided into four sections. The moderate government controls the Western third and is headquartered at Leopoldville. Katanga and Kasai regions are autonomous. The fourth section, the Eastern third, is headquartered at Stanleyville and is led by Gizenga who sets up a radical opposition government, and Lumumbu (who is assassinated before he can reach Stanleyville). This rival government, which includes the Kivu territory, is recognized by several African and East European government, but the U.N. recognizes Mobutu's government.
|Lumumba is assassinated.
|College of Commissioners is dissolved and a provisional government is formed, headed by Ileo. Adoula is named prime minister in August.
|The Katanga (Shaba) region is reintegrated into Congo. Tshombe is arrested and sent into exile.
|Rebellion breaks out in Kwilu area around Kikwit. This rebellion is headed by Pierre Muele. Firm control over the entire country by the central government had not been accomplished since independence.
|A second rebellion led by Gaston Soumialot begins in the east and spreads rapidly. Soumialot was able to recruit thousands of supporters in eastern Kivu and he had the open support of the government in Burundi. As the rebel movement spread, thousands of Congolese (Congolese) were executed. At its peak in September, the rebel movement controlled almost half of Congo and seven of twenty-one local capitals were in rebel hands.
|Tshombe is recalled from exile and replaces Adoula as prime minister. He is largely responsible for putting down the eastern rebellion.
|The eastern rebellion is put down and Soumialot is sent into exile. Corruption, administrative inefficiency and ethnic favoritism were major handicaps for the rebel leaders, and no functioning rebel government could be established.
|Mobutu Sese Seko seizes power in a military coup after the government is paralyzed due to rivalry between Tshombe and Kasavubu. Mobutu names himself president.
|The rebellion in Kwilu ends. Muele goes into exile. In 1968 he returns under a general amnesty but is executed.
|Mobutu creates the MPR (Popular Revolutionary Party) which became the sole legitimate vehicle for participating in the political sphere.
|The country's name is changed to Congo. Under Mobutu's policy of "authenticity," all colonial or Christian names, public and private, were to change to Congoan ones. Mobutu tried to create a nationalism based on loyalty to the state rather than loyalties to specific regions. He tried to downplay ethnic differences and loyalties, but rivalries remained.
|Banyarwanda people granted citizenship by Mobutu government.
|The 1967 constitution is revised making the MPR synonymous with the state.
|MPR National Assembly approved legislation withdrawing citizenship from immigrant ethnic groups like the Banyarwanda. The legislation never becomes law, but it is the general practice. Banyarwanda no representation and no voting rights. They are forced to pay local Hunde chiefs additional taxes.
|Etienne Tshisekedi co-founds the UDPS (Union for Democracy and Social Progress) opposition party. It is an outlawed organization.
|Mobutu announces he will allow multi-party elections the following year. Three key opposition leaders are Etienne Tshisekedi, Jean Nguz Karl-i-Bond and Gabriel Kyungu wa Kumwanza. The latter two joined forces in UFERI (Union of Federalists and Independent Republicans).
|Authorities set up a commission to identify "non-Congolese" in the regions of North and South Kivu and Maniema. Independent human rights organizations fear the commission is biased against the Banyarwanda and that its actions constituted a witch hunt.
|Karl-i-Bond and Kyungu broke ranks with the opposition and allied themselves with Mobutu. Karl-i-Bond is named Prime Minister and Kyungu becomes governor of Shaba.
|Etienne Tshisekedi replaces Karl-i-Bond as Prime Minister. Mobutu attempts to fire him one week after he is appointed. Riots break out in Kinshasa when soldiers protest and loot stores over a failed pay raise.
|France, Belgium, U.S. issue statements of support for the Tshisekedi government.
|Mobutu dismisses Tshisekedi for a second time and names Faustin Birindwa prime minister of the so-called "government of national salvation." Congo effectively has two rival governments.
|Ethnic massacres begin in Kivu Province. In the village of Mtutu, members of the Hunde and Nyanga ethnic groups slaughter Banyarwanda (Hutus or Tutsis who are considered non-Congolese despite the fact that many have been in Congo since modern its borders were drawn). The Banyarwanda had recently been agitating for more rights (voting and representation) and had been refusing to pay taxes and show loyalty to local leaders of the Hunde ethnic group. Reports suggest that the governor of Kivu, Jean-Pierre Kalumbo Mbogho, had made public speeches only days before the massacre calling into question the nationality of the Banyarwanda. He reportedly promised that security forces would aid the Hunde and Nyanga in "exterminating" the Banyarwanda. He also reportedly banned a Banyarwanda organization which encouraged its supporters to reject Hunde chiefs' authority. Banyarwanda responded to the killings by a round of bloodletting against the Hunde. Some 14,000 people were killed between March and July 1993 in the area. (U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Integrated Regional Information Network (IRIN), 9/10/97)
|Fighting breaks out in the farming communities of Masis and Walikale in the northern Kivu region.
|Mobutu travels to Goma promising Banyarwanda citizenship and voting rights. He also sacked the provincial governor of Kivu. Sources suggest that Mobutu is secretly encouraging the ethnic conflict in an attempt to undermine the opposition and strengthen his own argument that a strong central government is needed to hold the country together. Mobutu feels he is the only person capable of accomplishing this.
|Moto Mupenda is named interim governor of Kivu. Banyarwanda are accused of gunrunning into Rwanda.
|In five months of fighting in Kivu, 3000 are estimated dead and 6000 displaced. The majority of these are Banyarwanda. Additional tension has been caused by the recent influx of refugees fleeing the Rwandan civil war. Most of these refugees are in camps near Goma, but some went into the hills joining forces with the Banyarwanda against the Hunde. There is strong evidence that the Congoan security forces have provided both sides of the conflict with weapons.
|Karl-i-Bond and Governor Kyungu declare the Shaba region autonomous.
|Aid workers now claim tribal warfare between the Hunde and Banyarwanda has resulted in over 10,000 deaths and over 250,000 displaced persons.
|The Sacred Union of Radical Opposition (a coalition of opposition parties) announces that it has founded an army. Its mission is to topple the Mobutu regime.
|Kengo Wa Dondo is appointed prime minister by Mobutu. Etienne Tshisekedi has maintained that he is the only true prime minister since his appointment in 1991 by the national council.
|Two assassination attempts on Tshisekedi's life are made by the private militia of Mobutu.
|Eastern Congo experienced an influx of refugees fleeing the aftermath of the genocide in Rwanda. Most of the refugees are Rwandan Hutus and include members of the Interahamwe militia which participated in the genocide.
|Since late September, local Hunde tribesmen and Hutu villagers have been raiding each others villages, looting, stealing cattle, and setting fire to huts. Reports claim 250 villagers died and 32,500 (22,700 Hutus, 9700 Hunde) fled in the Masisi region.
|With the influx of refugees to the region, ethnic tensions continued in Kivu. Prior to the influx of refugees, there had been no reports of tensions between Congolese Hutus and Tutsis, collectively known as the Banyarwanda. Two non-Banyarwandan groups, the Unde and Nandes, were also in conflict. They had lived in harmony until the increased insecurity arose with the arrival of Rwandan refugees. The Nandes have a history of being ill-treated with the complicity of the judicial authorities.
|The United Nations condemns human rights violations in Congo and notes the worsening of ethnic clashes in Kivu region.
|Congolese Tutsis fled to Nkamira Rwanda from North Kivu province, Congo. They reported that they had been attacked by Interahamwe, Congoan armed forces, and local Bahunde groups. Many of the Tutsis had lived in North Kivu for generations. Before the Belgians arrived in the late 19th century, North Kivu as well as parts of Uganda were part of the Rwandan kingdom. (Inter Press Service (IPS), 2/16/1996)
|According the UNHCR, government ministers in Kivu region began actively advocating ethnic cleansing against the Congolese Tutsis (Banyamulenge) in March. Congoan government forces have sided with the Interahamwe, extremist Hutus who fled RPA (Rwandan Patriotic Army) forces in Rwanda after the Hutus killed up to one million Tutsis in 1994, and are even reported to take payments from them to participate in attacks on the Banyamulenge. Official sources in Rwanda said that between the last week in March and April 2nd, more than 2600 Congolese Tutsis fled to the Rwandan border town of Gisenyi, joining over a thousand who had already fled since January. The refugees came from the district of Masisi in eastern Congo. (IPS, 4/4/1996)
|Up to 750 people were reportedly massacred by Hutu militias at a monastery in Mikoto, near Goma. Rwandan Hutus have reportedly massacred not only Banyamulenge in Congo, but also "indigenous" Congolese who have formed the Bangilima militia to fight the Hutus and Banyarwanda in general. Hundreds of Congolese Tutsis fled to neighboring Uganda to escape attacks by "bangilima" militiamen. Close to 10,000 Tutsis have fled since the beginning of the year. The Bangilima is reportedly composed of Bahunde (Hunde), Batembo (Tembo), Banande (Nande), Banyanya (Nyanya), and Bakobo (Kobo) ethnic groups. The relief organization Doctors Without Borders reported that 100 Tutsis were killed in North Kivu in mid-May by unidentified attackers and two villages containing 3000 others were surrounded and likely to be killed without international intervention. (IPS, 5/23/1996; 5/29/1996)
|Two human rights groups reported that the Congoan government had done virtually nothing to stop attacks in North Kivu by Hutu and Hunde militias against ethnic Tutsis (Banyamulenge). Before the Rwandan genocide and resultant refugee flow into Congo, there had not been reports of fighting between Tutsis and Hutus. Prior to the arrival of Hutu extremists, the fighting pitted Hunde, Nyanga and Nande ethnic groups against the Banyarwanda as a whole. In July-August 1994, about 720,000 Hutu refugees arrived in North Kivu. Their arrival destroyed the Banyarwanda alliance in the Province and spurred an escalation of the violence. Banyamulenge have been virtually eliminated from Masisi and Hutu have been expelled from Walikale, Lubero, and Rutshuru.
|Killings around the town of Uvira the weekend of 13 September have left about 50 people dead. The victims were Banyamulenge and Congoan troops were said to have taken part in the massacres. Humanitarian agencies were unable to confirm the numbers killed because Congoan troops had sealed off the region. (IPS, 9/16/96)
|The deputy governor of South Kivu, Lwasi Ngabo Lwabanji, told ethnic Tutsis to leave Congo. For months, the Banyamulenge and the army have been at odds. Ethnic Tutsis and Hutus in Congo have been denied citizenship rights and have long been resented by other Congolese who consider themselves to be "native" to Congo. The tension between the Banyarwanda and other Congolese in the east was exacerbated by the arrival of Rwandan and Burundian refugees beginning in 1994. The warning by Lwabanji sparked a revolt by the community, and Banyarwanda in North Kivu also began fighting the Congoan government. The rebellion in the east encouraged opposition groups, separatists and pro-democracy activists throughout Congo. Laurent Kabila joined the Banyamulenge in their fight against Mobutu, and eventually took over the rebellion. Their forces is called the Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo-Congo. Kabila had a long history as a rebel beginning as a youth leader in a political party allied with Patrice Lumumba. He headed a Marxist organization, the People's Revolutionary Party, from 1964 to the early 1980s during which time he ruled an enclave among the Bembe people in eastern Kivu Province. He then lived in Dar es Salaam as a businessman before returning to Congo in 1996. The Congoan government accused the Rwandan government of arming the Tutsi ethnic group in eastern Congo, the Rwandans denied the charge. Unconfirmed reports suggested that Banyamulenge soldiers in Mobutu's army were deserting to join their ethnic kin in the Mitumba Mountains, a Banyamulenge stronghold. (IPS, 10/16/96)
|At least 50 villagers were killed in Goma and 9000 fled. An armed group of "indigenous" Congolese, the Ingilima, were said to be responsible. Most of those who fled were long-resident Hutu farmers. The Ingilima are opposed to all Banyarwanda, who make up the majority in Goma and other regions in Kivu, in Congo. They fear losing political power and land to the Banyarwanda, especially after the influx of refugees arrived in 1994.
|The Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo-Congo, rebel forces led by Laurent Kabila, seized Uvira on Lake Tanganyika. At least 300 Banyamulenge were reportedly murdered in a spate of incidents in recent weeks in Kivu near Uvira.
|Muller Ruhimbika, an exiled Banyamulenge leader of the Democratic Alliance for the People, said opposition groups based in Shaba and Kasai provinces supported the Tutsi rebels and were fighting for the ouster of Mobutu. Three hundred thousand people, mostly Hutu refugees, have been displaced by the recent rebel offensive. The Congoan army has suffered a string of defeats in South Kivu. As news of the conflict spread to Kinshasa, mobs plundered the homes and businesses of Banyamulenge as well as Rwandan nationals who had fled over the past three decades.
|Kabila's forces seized Bukavu, the capital of South Kivu Province.
|Rebels and Rwandan soldiers captured Goma. About 500 people were killed in battles. The majority of those fleeing the fighting in the East are heading into the interior of Congo while others are crossing into Tanzania. Zambia has reported the arrival of more than one thousand Rwandan refugees while Uganda reported tens of thousands have been arriving. There are also about 145,000 Sudanese refugees in Congo who may return to Sudan to escape the fighting. Kabila has announced that he believes the solution to the refugee crisis in Congo is to have all refugees return to their native lands.
|Kabila's forces bombed Mugunga refugee camp. Hutu refugees from Mugunga and other camps fled. Up to 700,000 returned to Rwanda and others fled west into the interior. Some of the refugees in Congo were believed to be hard line Hutus who had perpetrated the massacre of the Tutsis in Rwanda in 1994.
|The Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo-Congo (ADFL) controlled most of eastern Congo. It is made up of four political forces with a history of opposition to Mobutu's government as well as the Banyamulenge. It was reported that the Banyamulenge were outnumbered six-to-one by other Congoan ethnic groups in the alliance. Besides being opposed by Congoan government forces, the rebel alliance is also opposed by Congoan militias, the Bangilima and Mai-Mai who have long been opposed to the presence of all Banyarwanda in Congo. The Rwandan Patriotic Army, which took over Rwanda after the 1994 genocide, and the Ugandan army were reportedly backing the rebels. (Reuters, 12/3/96)
|Mobutu flew home to Congo after undergoing treatment for cancer in France. He appointed a new armed forces chief and reshuffled his cabinet in order to launch a counter-offensive against the rebels.
|The government launched an offensive against Kabila's forces even as they advanced on mineral-rich Shaba region.
|Hundreds of soldiers seized opposition strongholds in Kinshasa after dispersing opposition militias trying to gather for a march against Mobutu. The Secretary-General of UDPS, Adrien Phongo, was beaten and arrested.
|Kisangani, Congo's third largest city, falls to rebel troops.
|Human rights organizations report that Hutu refugees are being massacred in the East by Kabila's forces. Kabila troops are dominated by Tutsis from Rwanda and he is receiving military and other support from Angola, Rwanda, and Uganda.
|Etienne Tshisekedi is named Prime Minister after Kengo wa Dondo is forced out of office. Tshisekedi names his own government and offers to negotiate with Kabila. The offer is refused and Mobutu sacks Tshisekedi after a week.
|The town of Mbuji-Mayi in Kasai Province falls to rebel forces. It is the diamond mining center of Congo and home of opposition leader Etienne Tshisekedi, a Baluba. Laurent Kabila is also a Baluba, but from neighboring Shaba Province. Both Shaba and Kasai have been operating as de facto autonomous states in recent years.
|Mobutu declares a state of emergency over all of Congo. Tshisekedi's supporters clashed with security forces for two days when it became apparent that he would be dropped as Prime Minister.
|Rebels capture Lubumbashi, the capital of Shaba province. It is the second-largest city in Congo in a region rich in minerals. General Likulia Bolong is named Prime Minister replacing Etienne Tshisekedi.
|Tshisekedi supporters in Kinshasa close down the capital for two days in protest over Tshisekedi's ouster as Prime Minister.
|Kabila gives the United Nations 60 days to repatriate hundreds of thousands of Hutus, many of whose whereabouts are unknown having fled into the interior of Congo with the advance of Kabila's rebels. Relief agencies begin airlifting Hutu refugees back to Rwanda shortly after Kabila makes his announcement.
|Soldiers put down a peaceful demonstration in Uvira, 90 miles south of Bukavu, South Kivu's capital. Some 20 protesters were killed.
|A night-time curfew was declared in Kinshasa.
|After it has become apparent that he has no choice but to give up power, Mobutu left Kinshasa for his northern palace at Gbadolite after which he is expected to leave Congo. South Africa had been attempting to mediate between Kabila and Mobutu, but after several attempts, it was clear that Kabila held the upper hand and Mobutu had no leverage over the take-over of his country.
|Kabila declared himself president and took office on the 29th. He also changed the name of Congo to the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), also known as Congo-Kinshasa.
|Kabila announced some members of his transitional government. The post of Prime Minister, which opposition leaders had hoped would go to Etienne Tshisekedi who has extensive popular support in Kinshasa and Kasai Province, was abolished. Tshisekedi was excluded from Kabila's government.
|Reports have surfaced that in the first weeks of the rebellion begun in October 1996, more than 9000 people, mostly civilians, were killed. There were systematic killings of Hutu refugees in Mbandaka, Kisingani, Goma, and Bukavu. A Senior Tutsi official in Congo's Interior Ministry said that Rwandan and Congolese Tutsi troops were given a free hand to go after Hutu refugees so long as they also contributed to the overthrow of Mobutu. Rebel officers who opposed this policy were reportedly killed. Western diplomats said Kabila did not participate in much of the planning or execution of the rebellion.
|A United Nations report into the massacres of Rwandan refugees in Congo during the rebellion stated they were so massive and systematic that they can be considered crimes against humanity and possibly genocide. Investigators, who have been hampered in their investigation efforts by Kabila's government, said they received reports on 134 alleged massacres committed by Kabila's ADFL and Banyamulenge militias.
|The Democratic Resistance Alliance was established in eastern DRC with the stated aim of "liberating" the area. The new movement is made up largely of Bembe and is led by Celestin Anzaluni Bemba, a local politician known for his anti-Tutsi sentiments. It is reportedly based in Tanzania. Non-Banyarwandan ethnic groups in eastern Congo have resented the privileged position the Congolese Tutsis played in the rebellion that ousted Mobutu and want all Banyamulenge out of the country. (U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Integrated Regional Information Network (IRIN), 9/10/97)
|A DRC journalist said that troops, either Tutsis from the DRC or Rwanda, raided Masisi and killed up to 200 people in retaliation for an attack on Tutsi soldiers by Mai-Mai guerrillas. Athorities in the area confirmed 48 people were killed, but other sources put the number of dead at up to 200.
|35,000 refugees in Tanzania's Lugufu camp are divided between supporters and opponents of returning to the DRC. The Babembe are the majority in the camp which was set up in February. Most are refusing to return to their homes because they fought against Kabila's rebellion. Ethnic tensions between the Bembe and Banyamulenge continues in eastern Congo.
|The World Food Program has given seeds to farmers in the Kivu regions stating that the food supply situation was still critical in the area. The WFP estimated the remaining Rwandan refugees in Congo at more than 20,000 and added that 190,000 Congolese were internally displaced. The United Nations continued to list 200,000 Rwandan Hutu refugees as missing in the eastern region of Congo.
|The Association for the Defense of Human Rights in the DRC said about 2000 civilians were massacred in July when Kabila's forces and Rwandan troops avenged attacks by Mai-Mai guerrillas. The Mai-Mai had killed 162 troops in the Masisi area. The Mai-Mai are from the Hunde, Nyanga, Tembo and Kumu ethnic groups and have been fighting against the presence of Tutsis in both North and South Kivu. Kabila's government has set up a commission of inquiry to which aims to end the political and ethnic troubles in the region. The Masisi area has long been the scene of conflict between the Banyarwanda and "autochtones" or "native" Congolese (Congolese). In 1993, approximately 14,000 Banyarwanda were killed in ethnic violence, and after the influx of Rwandan refugees into the region in mid-1994, ethnic Tutsis became the main targets of ethnic violence in Masisi and eastern Congo in general. (U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Integrated Regional Information Network (IRIN), 9/10/97)
|Mobutu Sese Seko died of cancer in exile in Morocco.
|More than 100 people were believed to have been killed in renewed violence in the Masisi area. Congolese Tutsis were the main victims. An organization called MAGRIVI, the Mutual Association of the Agriculturalists of the Virunga, was blamed for the deaths. The alliance, made up of Hutu farmers and Mai-Mai militias targeted Tutsi residents and military personnel. The human rights organization Azadho said that since July, more than 2000 people have been killed in Kivu. Last week, 7-8000 Tutsi civilians fled Masisi saying that Hutu rebels made daily attacks against them. The Interahamwe have been based in Masisi. In South Kivu, a similar movement has formed within the Babende ethnic group. It is led by Charles Simba, a one-time ally of Kabila, and has been harassing and ambushing Kabila's Tutsi forces. The Council for National Resistance and Liberation accused Rwandan Tutsis of massacring over 2000 Congolese, mainly Bemba, in the region between Fizi and Kalemia in early September. Spokesman Henri Njila also stated that many groups in the east, including Babembe, Bafulero, Wanynaga, Bahunde, Bashi and Hutu, have begun to rebel against Kabila. Both Rwandan Hutus and people from other ethnic groups suspected of being sympathetic to Hutus have been killed in massacres in the east.
|Authorities in Kivu said it is now under control of government security forces. Press sources said about 100 Mai-Mai fighters were executed a few kilometers from Goma. Since July, there have been clashes in the area between Mai-Main militiamen and Kabila's forces. Major roads linkind Bukavu to the rest of the world have frequently been ambushed and insecurity in reigned in the area in recent months. The Mai-Mai have been waging a rebellion against what they see is foreign domination by Tutsis.
|Ethnic rivalries flared in the east after the recall of Tutsi soldiers to Rwanda. After their departure, about 7000 ethnic Tutsis in the DRC felt they had lost their protection and fled to Goma. Three thousand fled to the Mudende refugee camp in northwestern Rwanda joining 7500 Masisi Tutsis already there. Non-Tutsi Congolese in the east are increasingly resentful of the improved status of the Tutsis. Tensions are so high in the region that there are rumors of a Rwandan invasion.
|More than 800 former Rwandan army troops and members of the Interahamwe have surrendered to military authorities in the DRC. They had fought alongside governmental troops during the ADFL rebellion. There were no plans to repatriate them to Rwanda.
|About 3000 Mai-Mai militiamen have surrendered to the North Kivu authorities. They will be integrated into the new national armed forces currently undergoing reconstruction. The DRC closed the frontier with Rwanda and said it was expelling all refugees. Interior Minister Mwenze Kongolo confirmed that the UNHCR would suspend its work in the east following the repatriation of all refugees.
|Fighting continued in eastern DRC and neighboring regions of Rwanda and Burundi between Tutsis and Hutus. In the DRC, there is also fighting between Banyamulenge and Bantu groups. Since Kabila's victory, the Banyamulenge have become more and more dominant in local administrations and in the army causing resentment from other ethnic groups. Fighting in western Rwanda, including an attack mounted against the border town of Gisenyi by 1000 rebels based in the DRC, has increased. More than 4000 people, many of them civilians, have been killed in the past five months. In the Masis area of eastern Congo, Mai-Mai militias continue to fight Kabila's Tutsi soldiers, and in the Fizi area a Babende rebel group led by Charles Simba, a one-time ally of Kabila's, continues to ambush Tutsi soldiers.
|The United Nations team attempting to investigate the alleged massacres of Hutu refugees during the civil war and Kabila's government came to an agreement about how to proceed with the investigations. Details of the agreement included that the government will guarantee to the best of its ability the team's security; the U.N. Mission would cover all areas it deemed necessary to help it conduct its investigation; the report would be limited to "global statements of facts" related to allegations of human rights abuses; the team undertakes not to interfere in the DRC's internal affairs; and the time period of the mandate is 1 March 1993-31 December 1997. The mission is to be completed by 28 February 1997.
|Rwandan Vice President and Defense Minister Paul Kagame has refuted allegations that the Rwandan army took part in the massacre of refugees in the DRC. He stated that all casaulties were a result of the war and not deliberate killing sprees.
|Five hundred Mai Mai guerrillas and Rwandan Hutus attacked the town of Bukavu, DCR before crossing the boarder into Rwanda to attack the town of Cyangugu. Anti-Tutsi sentiment has been on the rise in Eastern DRC in recent months. The local Congolese (autochtones) resent the Tutsis' presence in Kabila's military and their holding of certain political offices in Eastern DRC, especially North and South Kivu. An anti-Kabila insurgency movement includes thousands of Mai Mai warriors, Rwandan Hutus, and former army members under Mobutu. Rwandan soldiers are fighting on the side of Kabila's army. Rwandan officials say their soldiers are in Congo to offset the presence of thousands of Hutu extremists operating in the country.
|Jean Bosco Muchuma, representative of the human rights group Heirs of Justice, has stated that Laurent Kabila is a dictator just like his predecessor Mobutu. Both men used repression to quash all opposition to their regimes.
|The BBC obtained a copy of an Eastern DRC radio broadcast, in Swahili, that was transmitted 11 December 1997. The "Voice of the Patriot," radio of the Union of Forces for Liberation and Democracy, broadcast for several hours on the night of 11 December urging "true" Congolese to do all in their power to oust Tutsis from the country. The following are excerpts from the broadcast. We have been telling you since yesterday that we have an enemy whom you know very well. However, we would like to remind you that the enemy is gearing up to harm you...These Tutsi killers who invaded our country continue to prepare themselves to plant their flags on both sides so that Bukavu town can become theirs... You know the cunning of those people, they claim to be Congolese. First of all, the Banyamulenge tribe does not exist here. We have a map of the tribes but there is no Banyamulenge tribe on that map. They come with guns, they kill us, and after killing us they call upon us, the survivors, to accept them as Congolese. Who are they that we should accept them?... We urge you citizens, if you see our soldiers, give them food. If you see a Hutu soldier, give him food. These Hutus have suffered a lot. And, these Hutus are our brothers. Let no one deceive you that a Hutu is a Tutsi...But these stupid people [Tutsis], these lazy people, we have accommodated them since 1958 when they arrived here. They were our servants. Today they have turned against us saying that the country has become theirs... Aren't you aware that the AFDL [Kabila's army] set up an occupation army...We are living under foreign occupation...But the Congoan people should not be worried since we, the UFLD, are already well-organized. We shall totally liberate ourselves from the occupation... The UFLD also claimed white mercenaries had joined the national army and were fighting Hutus, and that Tutsis originate from Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Somalia and should be sent back there. It claimed that it represents the Bantu people, including Bashi, Balega, Tembo, BaHutu, Banande, Bafulero, and Babembe.
|Most of the 40,000 Bembe who fled Fizi on the western edge of Lake Tanganika remain in refugee camps in Tanzaniza. They are afraid to return home because of continued ethnic fighting in the region. Six different rebel groups, including the Interahamwe, are said to be making their bases in Eastern DRC.
|Kabila, in an interview with the BBC, stated that "as far as we are concerned, the Banyamulenges that we know, and who have always lived with us, are fully-fledged Congolese, otherwise one cannot explain their presence in Mobutu's army for years and years--why did they vote during all these years if they were not Congolese." No mention was made of Congolese Hutus.
|The African Association for the Defense of Human Rights in Congo-Kinshasa released a statement on the first year of Kabila's government. Among other criticisms of the regime, the ASADHO reported that ethnic tensions are exacerbated, particularly in North and South Kivu where anti-Tutsi sentiment is very high. It also reported that arbitrary arrests are high, that the national police and army have virtually no limits in their authority, that more journalists and human rights activists have been jailed than in seven years under Mobutu, and that there is little due process of law. (Africa Policy Information Center (APIC), 5/15/1998)
|The Congolese Movement for Democracy (CDM) (also known as the Congolese Rally for Democracy (RCD)) broke away from the governing ADFL and is threatening the capital Kinshasa. The rebel force consists mainly of Banyamulenge from eastern Congo and troops of the Rwandan and Ugandan armies. Kabila's forces now consist of former Congoan troops from his home region Katanga and South Kasai as well as a smattering of UNITA (National Union for the Total Independence of Angola) rebels from Angola. (Deutsche Presse-Agentur (DPA), 8/16/98)
|The Catholic News Agency reported that at least 600 ethnic Hutus had been massacred since August 24th around Kasika. The remnants of Rwandan refugees were reportedly killed by Tutsi rebels (DPA). The UN report on refugee deaths in Congo, released in July, gave no figures for refugees killed during 1996-97, but UN rapporture Roberto Garreton in April said that some 150-180,000 unarmed Hutu refugees were massacred. (BBC, 7/2/98).
|The Brussels-based European Network for Congo (REC) reported that civilians in eastern DRC, especially South Kivu, were being abused by members of the Congolese Democratic Movement, Mai-Mai militiamen and Interahamwe forces. Food and medicine in the eastern regions have been plundered by rebels and militias, while civilians have been killed or abducted. The CDM and Congolese army reportedly have committed mass killings. (IPS)
|Hundreds of Hutu rebels from Rwanda living in the Republic of Congo (Brazzaville), mostly Interahamwe and ex-FAR, have been recruited by the DRC government to fight rebels in the east. Republic of Congo representative Jean Claude Gakosso said that his government was not involved and that it objects to the practice. Other refugees in Congo-Brazzaville said that refugees had not been recruited by the DRC government. (IPS)
|A new rebel group, the Movement for the Liberation of Congo (MLC) was reported in Equateur province. Its leader is former Mobutu ally businessman Jean-Pierre Bemba. Rwandan Vice-President Paul Kagame admitted that Rwandan troops were in Congo aiding the rebels. He said security concerns led to Rwandan intervention in the conflict. (IRIN, 6/9/99) Kabila protested a UN report that accused his government of massive human rights violations. The report accused the government of inciting ethnic hatred against the Tutsis. (IPS, 11/4/98)
|Ugandan president Museveni and DRC president Kabila met separately with Libyian leader Gaddafi. They signed a peace agreement in April in Sirte under Gaddafi's auspices, but the DRC rebels and Rwandan government refused to be bound by the agreement. (IRIN, 6/9/99)
|Rwanda, Uganda, Namibia and Zimbabwe agreed to a ceasefire in Windhoek, Namibia. The RDC was not invited to the meeting, but promised to review the agreement. Wamba dia Wamba's faction of the RDC restructured itself in late January and non-Tutsi members began questioning the dominance of the movement by Tutsis. Arthur Z'Ahidi Ngoma later resigned as deputy chairman. (IRIN, 6/9/99)
|The SADC (Southern African Development Community) reaffirmed its support for Congolese President Kabila, but also expressed concern over the continuing destabilization of the region. (IRIN, 6/9/99)
|Kabila announced the dissolution of the ADFL accusing some members of "opportunism" and "self-enrichment" (IRIN, 6/9/99)
|The presidents of Uganda, Rwanda and Tanzania met to discuss the growing rift between Ugandan and Rwandan backed military campaigns in DRC. (IRIN, 6/9/99)
|Divisions within the RCD escalated with Wamba dia Wamba being ousted and Emile Ilungu announced as his replacement. Uganda backs dia Wamba's leadership while Rwanda backs Ilungu's leadership. (IRIN, 6/9/99)
|Chadian troops that had been backing Kabila's government against rebels in eastern DRC began withdrawing. Some 2000 Chadians pulled out of the country into Central African Republic on their way back to Chad. They had been employed mainly in former ruler Mobutu's home region of Gbadolite. Meanwhile, the DRC government invited the rebel movement leaders, including both ousted leader Ernest Wamba dia Wamba and new leader Emile Ilunga to participate in national dialogue on the conflict. (IRIN) The Central Bank announced that DRC's currencies, the Congo and new Congo, would no longer be accepted as legal tender from June 30th . Only the Congolese franc would be accepted thereafter. (IRIN)
|Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania met in Dar es Salaam to discuss the DRC conflict. Meanwhile, members of the SADC met in Lusaka to try to secure a multilateral ceasefire to the conflict. Fighting between Mai-Mai and rebels in South Kivu has led to an influx of over 4800 refugees to Tanzania since May 25th. (IRIN)
|The RCD issued a statement clarifying the recent changes in the movement. It said that Ernest Wamba dia Wamba was removed by a 66 member convocation of the movement's founders because of a "series of crises" brought about by his leadership style. The statement said the movement had reorganized itself so that structures were more efficient, adaptable and less personalized. There now exists a Congress, Council, and Executive, with the latter two headed by Emile Ilunga, the new RCD leader. Meanwhile, the RCD "Assembly" based in Kisangani issued a statement recognizing dia Wamba as its leader. (IRIN) A refugee camp in Tanzania currently housing 50,000 Congolese refugees has reached capacity and Red Cross workers has expressed concern that more refugees are on the way. (IRIN)
|The RCD claimed to have captured the strategic port town of Lusambo in their advance on Mbuji-Mayi. (IRIN)
|In its annual report, Amnesty International said that tjpisamds pf [ep[;e jad neem extrajudicially executed in the DRC, particularly in North and South Kivu provinces, scored of people were sentenced to death after unfair trials, and human rights activists suffered torture. (IRIN)
|Talks on mediating the Congo conflict were scheduled to take place in Lusaka, Zambia. The Lusaka peace talks were initiated by the SADC summit in September 1998 in Mauritius, however the summit of heads of state originally scheduled for December 1998 has been postponed numerous times. Committees under the Lusaka process have drafted "modalities" for the implementation of an eventual ceasefire agreement and the heads of state meeting is to take place this month. However, there is still disagreement over the participation of the rebels in the negotiations. (IRIN) The total number of internally-displaced people (IDP) in the DRC is estimated to be 660,000, according to the Office of the UN Humanitarian Coordinator. Those provinces with the highest number of IDPs are South Kivu and Katanga. (IRIN)
|NGOs and others reported that inter-ethnic conflict in the rebel-held zones of DRC are a growing concern. Theo Mpabuka, RCD conflict resolution department head, said that local conflict were an ongoing and destabilizing factor in the region. He said the biggest problem was that posed by the Mai-Mai warriors "who have no clear objective" but who recruit youths under the guise of ethnic solidarity. The Mai-Mai are currently concentrated in the south around Fizi and Baraka. After having lost some of their support base in North Kivu, the Mai-Mai, who target Tutsis, the Rwandan army, and, when they need supplies, random civilians, moved further south. (IRIN) The Rwandan government has reportedly been making progress in convincing Interahamwe fighting in the DRC to give up their arms, return to Rwanda, and undergo re-education. (IRIN) Burundian rebels of the Force for the Defence of Democracy (FDD) are also fighting on the side of Kabila's troops in parts of South Kivu and Katanga. Despite denials from the Bujumbura, the Burundian government is believed to have sent its troops into DRC to combat the FDD forces. (IRIN) Ethnic clashes between Lendu and Hema tribesmen reportedly took place in early June in the Ituri district, Province Orientale. Sources said RCD and Congolese soldiers were also involved in the violence. The two groups have fought several times since the 1960s over land use (IRIN, 7/1/99)
|The Goma faction of the RCD (led by Ilungu) has boycotted the Lusaka peace talks for two days insisting that the RCD faction based in Kisangani (led by dia Wamba) not be allowed to participate in the negotiations. Ministers from the DRC, Namibia, Angola, Zimbabwe, Uganda and Rwanda met to discuss a draft ceasefire agreement under the auspices of the SADC. Jean-Pierre Bemba of the MLC was also present in Lusaka.
|The Lusaka peace accords have culminated in the signing of a ceasefire agreement. Within 24 hours, all rebel and government attacks are to cease and the military forces are to disengage. Violence against civilians is also to cease while parties are to facilitate the delivery of humanitarian assistance through the opening of aid corridors. A Joint Military Commission is to investigate reported ceasefire violations, work out mechanisms to disarm militia groups, verify disarmament of civilians, and monitor the withdrawal of foreign forces. A UN peacekeeping force is to be deployed in the future. Armed groups identified as needing disarmament at some future point include: The Uganda Allied Democratic Forces; Lord's Resistance Army (Uganda-based); West Nile Bank Front (Uganda-based); Uganda National Rescue Front II; Former Ugandan National Army; ex-FAR (former Rwandan army); Interahamwe (Rwanda-originated); The Burundi Force for the Defence of Democracy and UNITA (Angola-based). Forty-five days after the signing of the Lusaka agreement, the DRC government, RCD, MLC, unarmed opposition groups, and civil society members are to begin open political negotiations to culminate in the setting up of a new political dispensation in the country. (IRIN, 7/22/99)
|Estimates of the number of Interahamwe and ex-FAR in the DRC vary widely from 5000 to 25,000. There were reports that Hutus were being trained in Zimbabwe. Major General Augustin Bizimungu, the Rwandan defense chief during the genocide was said to be commander of the Hutu troops in Mbuji-Mayi. There were also reports that the Mai-Mai were distancing themselves from the Hutu rebels because of their brutal tactics. Hutu rebels have been dependent on the Mai-Mai for money and food. (New York Times, 8/4/1999) There were reports of a new rebel movement in eastern Congo, the Movement for Security, Peace and Development. It was reportedly led by Wamba dia Wamba's assistant Willy Mishiki. The report also stated that Wamba was gaining a reputation for being anti-Tutsi. Rebels in Goma accused him of recruiting Hutu militias for his RCD faction. They also accused Uganda of training the Hutus. Wamba denied the allegations which could not be confirmed. (IRIN, 8/4/99; BBC, 8/6/99) Many senior members of the RCD faction led by Ilungu are Banyamulenge (The Guardian, 8/5/1999) The Congolese of the eastern part of the country were reportedly growing increasingly angry with the RCD factions. They dislike the Rwandans, especially the Tutsis. They also suspect that Rwanda's real aim is to annex eastern DRC (The New York Times, 8/13/1999)
|The RCD were reportedly ready to sign the Lusaka ceasefire agreement after the problem of who represents the movements was resolved in a complicated arrangement. Observers were skeptical about the arrangement because it raised many issues in terms of how to manage military aspects of implementation, representation at negotiations, and the make-up of the Joint Military Command. Wamba dia Wamba said he would travel to Lusaka to sign the agreement while the Goma faction spokesman said that the group would sign the accord by the end of the month. (IRIN)
|According to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, the humanitarian situation has deteriorated in the Great Lakes region in the past three months. The affected population has risen from 3.3 million to 3.9 million from May to August. A complex pattern of "web-like military confrontations led to an incessant in-and-out movement of populations fleeing zones of combat, seeking safe haven or attempting to return to their areas/countries of origin," reported the UN. (IRIN)
|The fifty founding members of the RCD signed the Lusaka cease-fire agreement. The rebels reiterated, however, that they distrust Kabila and want major political reforms in the country, including his removal from office. Rwanda also insists on a comprehensive UN peacekeeping operation to ensure that Hutu extremists in Congo are prevented from launching attacks from eastern DRC and are disarmed. (The Guardian)
|Following last months clashes between Ugandan and Rwandan troops, a group of Ugandan legislators have called upon the government of Museveni to withdraw all Ugandan forces from the DRC. Museveni insisted that Uganda must remain in the conflict to guard its interests. The Congolese government supports the Allied Democratic Forces, a rebel umbrella group in western Uganda. (IPS)
|The RCD rebels were trying to encourage Mai Mai warriors to leave the bush and undergo political and military training by the Congolese National Army (an armed wing of the RCD). The RCD said it would be willing to work with the Mai Mai once they had been retrained. (ANS)
|The first 10 U.N. military liaison officers were deployed in regional capitals after completing three-days of training in Nairobi, Kenya. An additional 10 were to be deployed within a week. Some 90 total are scheduled to be sent to support the Lusaka cease-fire arrangement (ANS)
|The Lusaka Accords have failed to recognize the existence of the Mai Mai, though they are presumably one of the militia groups that need disarming at the end of the war. The Mai Mai have no central command structure and are not supported in any substantive way by Kabila. Some Mai Mai have joined forces with Burundi rebel groups while others refuse to cooperate with all Hutu miltias. Most Mai Mai remain reluctant to side with the rebels because they have not appointed local leaders to any positions in the territory they control. U.S. intelligence sources reported that the Interahamwe and ex-FAR forces in Congo are 50,000 strong, though not under a unified command structure. (Business Day)
|Tensions were high around Rutshuru and Lubero in North Kivu as rival RCD factions struggled for power. Unrest between the two factions was heightened by the Kisangani group's election of a new North Kivu governor. The Goma faction supported the existing provincial governor. (IRIN)
|The rebels said they would be forced to resume the war if attacks by President Kabila's forces were not stopped. Heavy fighting was reported in Kabinda, southern DRC on 10/2. (BBC)
|Over 200 Hutu rebels were reportedly killed in a joint offensive by the RCD and Rwandan army forces. An additional 100 Hutus were reportedly captured. The Rwandan army said they had evidence that the Congo government had been airlifting supplies to the rebels (Xinhua News Agency)
|A U.N. led mission into the DRC near the cease-fire line reported that there was severe economic depression, acute malnutrition, and deserted towns in the area. The war has caused 1.1 million people to flee their homes, some within DRC, and others to neighboring countries. The government and RCD have accused each other of violating the cease-fire in Katanga region.(IRIN)
|Many Congolese are arriving daily at the Human Rights Ministry in Kinshasa to be considered for evacuation. Tutsis who want to flee the country were given the opportunity to register their ethnic status in order to be considered for evacuation. The human rights organization Voice of the Voiceless has called on officials to speed up the evacuation process to avert a humanitarian situation at the centers which are filled to overflowing with people wanting to leave the country. (BBC)
|The United Nations was scheduled to resume its probe of alleged massacres in eastern DRC against Rwandan refugees during the recent civil war (1996-97). The U.N. Commission on Human Rights renewed the mandate of Roberto Garreton to investigate the massacres, though previous efforts at investigation were hampered by Kabila's government. (IPS)
|Fighting in Equateur Province was reported. RCD Vice President Moise Nyarugabo said that government troops launched an attack which killed 100 civilians. The government said the rebels initiated the attack. (IRIN)
|MLC leader Jean-Pierre Bemba said that 33 government soldiers and 1 rebel were killed on the northwest front near Dongo when the government attempted to capture the city. A new rebel group, the National Resistance Council for Democracy, led by Gaston Kangele Mubawa, was reportedly established. It was calling for dialogue with Mai Mai leaders in the Kivu provinces. RCD-ML official Mbusa Nyamwisi said the new group exists in name only. (IRIN)
|The Mai Mai and Burundi FDD rebels have been stepping up attacks near Uvira. Seven Banyamulenge women and children abducted by the Mai Mai in March were reportedly released for ransom. (IRIN)
|A meeting was held between traditional leaders in Uvira and the RCD-Goma Vice President Moise Nyarugabo. Moise called for unity while the traditional leaders said they were concerned with armed gangs, in the Interahamwe, Mai-Mai, FDD, and Banyamulenge militias, causing insecurity in the region. (BBC)
|Rebels have surrounded 700 Zimbabwean troops at the airport in Ikela. The rebels said they would attack the Zimbabweans if Kabila tried to rescue them. There have been reports of major battles between Rwandan and Tutsi rebels and Zimbabwean and Namibian troops in the northeast. A Joint Military Commission established by the U.N. in July began meeting in Harare this week. (The Guardian 12/2/99; DPA, 12/3/99)
|Regional experts on central Africa have said the situation in the DRC has worsened since September. The government has launched an offensive on two fronts, one in Equateur where Zimbabweans are fighting the MLC backed by Uganda, and one in South Kivu where the government is reinforcing Interahamwe, ex-FAR, and Mai Mai who are gaining strength. The Banyamulenge in South Kivu were reportedly retreating to the hills. (IRIN)
|The U.N. Security Council was meeting on the deteriorating situation in the DRC. U.N. spokesman Fred Eckhard stressed the level of threat to the Congolese Tutsi community. Assistant Secretary General for Peace Keeping operations Hedi Annabi agreed with Eckhard's assessment and said the slightest incident in South Kivu could spark large-scale attacks against civilians, particularly the Tutsi. A group known as the Negative Force, comprising ex-FAR, Interahamwe, and Mai Mai militias, was said to be organizing attack on the Congolese Tutsi community. Kabila is suspected of supplying the group with arms. (ANS)
|A confidential U.N. report blamed Kabila's government for triggering violations of the Lusaka cease-fire agreement. The report was sent to the Security Council 12/21/99 and reported that Kabila's forces were launching attacks on the MLC in Equateur and sending arms to the region. (ANS)
|The Rwandan military reported that the FDD, ex-FAR and Interahamwe were regrouping in advance of launching invasions into Rwanda and Burundi. (BBC)
|By April, the Zimbabwean government plans to scale down by half its 11,000 troops in Congo. The costs of its participation in the war have brought Zimbabwe's economy to near collapse. (ANS)
|DRC soldiers were reportedly crossing into Congo-Brazzaville in an attempt to avoid taking part in the war. (IRIN)
|Leaders of the nations involved in the DRC conflict were gathering in New York City to attend a special session of the U.N. Security Council aimed at finding a solution to the conflict. Both sides demonstrated rancor at the meetings presided over by Madelaine Albright. The Security Council members have begun working on a resolution creating a peace keeping force for Congo. (The Independent, 1/24/00; New York Times, 1/25/00)


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-The only way to combat The Miley… is to turn it off. Don't watch, don't talk, pay it no mind. No need to talk about it. Too many opinions already. Which actually could be the root of the problem anyway.
-Jamie Costello from Channel 2 and Channel 13's Jessica Kartalija filled in so far for the vacationing Reagan. Great couple of days with some cool people. Jessica is from San Diego and Jamie has no idea what True Blood is.
-Tastykake has these fruit pies. They come with their own little tin inside the packaging. Maria is mesmerized by that.
-Maria and Jon have not seen Pitch Perfect. Or eaten fish tacos.
-I am not worrying about the Orioles just yet.
-I think the Ravens defense could be the best in the league this year. It feels like they could turn it on anytime they wish.
-It's not time yet, but the change of seasons is a remarkable time of the year for me. Deep colors. Deep thoughts. (ps) I LOVE Halloween!
-Find time to sit by the water. It helps. With everything.
Till next time Babies..

subset: commoncrawl


text: If you are a fan of the Audi Shooting Brake Concept, you've gotta check out its new microsite — an up-close look at the stunning concept featuring some innovative flash navigation (albeit a bit confusing at times). And of course, they've got a bunch of wallpapers and a screensaver ready for download. Enjoy.


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The most important and indispensable accessory for float tubing is fins. They provide the force to move about in your tube or pontoon and the maneuverability necessary to play a fish and counter the forces of wind and current. High performance fins enable an angler to move to a new location quickly, hover in the perfect position for casting and working a shoreline can be accomplished with precision and ease.
With Force Fins you get the ultimate performance that will allow you to enhance your fishing experience. If your thinking of buying that "other brand" of fins, then you might as well buy some safety pins to use as hooks and some sewing thread to use as leader and a long stick .... you get the idea.
Fin Blade: Polyurethane, stiffness 87/rebound 78
Color: Jet Black
Foot Pocket: Comfort Instep™ included; brings bouyancy to neutral
Foot Pocket Straps: Parachute webbing with easy on, easy off, side-release buckle and keeper.
Fin Straps: Parachute webbing with ladder-lock buckle and Comfort Tubing Heel Protector
Strap Upgrade Option: Elastic Bungie® Heel strap with Comfort Heel Pad and easy grip knob
Fin Accessory Option: Tethers to secure against losing a fin (not included)
Manufacturer's Warranty: 1-year limited
Vortex Generators™ - the bumps on the underside of the fin- accelerate water flow and reduce drag.


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Vorsteiner carbon fiber 997 hood/bonnetVorsteiner has announced their carbon fiber 997 hood is available for custom order. The bonnet is a direct replacement for the factory 997 turbo hood and we believe will also work on all 997 models. It features 1x1 carbon weave and is available either in high gloss or or matte clear lacquer finishes. No word on the price for the bonnet or the weight savings vs. the factory steel hood. Contact Vorsteiner for more information and how to order.
This article was originally published in forum thread: Vorsteiner carbon fiber 997 hood/bonnet started by Sticky View original post


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A HEROIC rescue dog saved its blind owner's life by lying across his unconscious body and howling and barking in Southampton.
Charlie, a two-year-old Staffordshire Bull Terrier, raised the alarm when his owner John Hockaday, 52, collapsed.
Paramedics said that if Mr Hockaday – who is blind and diabetic – had been lying on the floor for another five minutes, he would have died.
The dog "doesn't usually bark" and "never howls" but its natural instinct kicked in when it saw its diabetic owner fall in the living room.
He rushed over to Mr Hockaday before lying across his body – which had dropped in temperature from its normal 36 degrees celsius to just 30.
The quick-thinking canine licked his face, howled and barked gaining the attention of Mr Hockaday's 24-year-old son Clint who was walking past their home in Southampton.
After hearing the howling, Clint knew something was wrong and went inside, as the door was on the latch.
Clint immediately rang his mother Doreen who had popped into the city centre.
When she left her husband at 1.30pm, he had a normal sugar level reading of ninel. But after just 60 minutes, his sugar level had plummeted to just one, which caused him to collapse on the floor.
Full-time carer Doreen, 44, said: "I left some food on the side just in case he got hungry and he thought his sugar level was getting too low.
"When we were on our way back, Clint phoned us and was crying saying 'Dad has collapsed on the floor and I can't wake him up'.
"I got my daughter to phone the ambulance, who were there when we arrived back at the house.
"It was a miracle that Clint was walking to the shop and heard Charlie howling – he never howls or barks.
"Charlie wouldn't even budge when Clint tried to pull him off his dad to put him in the recovery position.
"If it wasn't for Charlie lying on John, howling and barking, he would have died."
Mr Hockaday, a father of four, has been a diabetic for 29 years and was first diagnosed when he was 23 years old. He became blind in 2010 after being diagnosed with glaucoma – which is a result of the diabetes.
John has no recollection of what happened. He finally woke up six hours later, after he was taken to the Queen Alexandra hospital in Portsmouth.
Mrs Hockaday added: "The paramedics placed eight blankets over John's body when they arrived.
"They told me that if John had been lying there for another five minutes, he would have died.
"Charlie is definitely the hero in the family. He doesn't leave John's side and the two are inseparable."
After his heroics, Charlie, who was adopted by the family from their local Blue Cross centre, has been put forward to receive a medal.
Megan Baverstock, from Blue Cross Southampton rehoming centre, said: "This is such a remarkable story and just goes to show the difference dogs can make to people's lives."


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New Student Health Form Information
All New Lawrence University Students will need to fill out a New Student Medical History and Physical Examination form. This includes all incoming freshman and transfer students. All health forms should be submitted by August 1 or a hold will be placed on the student's registration.
All forms must be completed and signed by the student (or parent if student is not yet 18 years of age) and the physician prior to admission and entry into campus housing.
Please have your immunizations and physical complete prior to arrival on campus. Physical examinations are not available on campus.
All new to Lawrence students are required to have a physical within 1 year of the first day of classes. Athletes are required to have a physical within six months of either (1) the first day of practice for fall sports or (2) the first day of classes for winter and spring sports.
Students must submit a copy of the front and back of their health insurance card. More information can be found on the Insurance sub-page.


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Morris Classifieds
Selected Filters:Make: Morris
1967 Morris Mini Moke
Weybridge, Surrey
Originally designed as a prototype for a light military vehicle in the style of the American Jeep, the Mini Moke quickly became far more... More
1964 Morris Mini-Cooper S
Weybridge, Surrey
The Austin/Morris Mini was in production for 40 years and, today, remains the most enduring icon of the British motor industry. To many though... More
$9,500 (est.)
1956 Morris Minor Cabriolet/Convertible
1967 Morris Minor Traveller
Beverly, MA
1967 Morris Minor Traveller, the Morris Minor was first introduced in England is 1948 and during its tenure it produced over 1.3 million vehicles... More
1968 Morris 1/4 ton utility van
Staunton, IL
Morris Minor 1/4 Utility Van, rare and very unique, RHD good body and paint, nice redone int, great shop truck or parts runner, 4cyl,... More
Advertiser since 1993
1967 Morris Mini Traveler Estate Wagon
Hopedale, MA
Stunning 1967 Morris Mini Estate Wagon. This Awesome Mini has been rotisserie restored to a very high quality. Right hand drive... All mechanical have... More
1967 Morris Minor Convertible
Gladstone, NJ
Just in!... More
Advertiser since 2004
1968 Morris Minor
Richmond, VA
Woody Wagon 1968 Morris Minor 1000 TravelerA very Rare 1968 Woody Morris Minor 40 mpg (factory claim)! Perfect get around town "grocery getter" and... More
Advertiser since 2010
1959 Morris Minor
Englewood, NJ
1959 Morris Minor 1000 Convertible, Mint Condition (new rubber, new carpet, all records and expenses kept and documented in excess of $8,000) Black plate restoration black/red... More
1958 Morris Minor 1/4 Ton Pickup
Lutz, FL
When you run into something this unique and affordable, your imagination starts to go into overdrive. This 1958 Morris Minor 1000 1/4 Ton... More
1955 Morris Minor Minor II
kansas city, MO
1955 Morris Minor II 4dr Saloon. 8112 original miles, 803cc, immaculate show car.... More
1967 Morris Minor Minor 1000
kansas city, MO
1967 Morris Minor 1000 Convertible. 41,115 original miles, 1098 cc, one previous owner, very clean, new top, some paintwork done on front fenders and... More
1963 Morris Traveler
Sylvania, OH
1963 Morris Minor Traveler After being fully restored, this beautiful Morris Minor Traveler is truly a car ready to travel! The Morris Minor was the first... More
1957 Morris Minor 1000
Waalwijk, Netherlands
Trade-in car, special wholesale price. This is a trade-in car. A special wholesale price applies to this car. Thats why a trade-in car will be... More
1967 Morris Minor
Stratford, CT
What a find.............11,000 ORIGINAL MILES SINCE NEW. NOT some old, musty, rotten 'barn find' but a car that has always been carefully maintained, used... More
Advertiser since 1974
1959 Morris Minor Convertible
Napa, CA
1959 Morris Minor Convertible in excellent condition. Starts first time every time and draws attention wherever it goes and always stored in garage and... More
1958 Morris Minor Coupe
Kenosha, WI
We have an awesome British 1958 Morris Minor 1000 this is a completely restored beauty! Take a look at the flawless era correct Maroon... More
Advertiser since 2012
1960 Morris Minor Convertible
pittsfield, MA
This car has been garage kept for about decade and with little effort, started right up. Overall in good condition, it will be in... More
1959 Morris Convertible
Hampton, NB
For Sale, Meticulously restored(frame off) 1959 Morris Minor Convertible. Restored by Reg Beer Coach Builders, Bolton , Ontario , Canada to show quality standards.... More
1962 Morris Minor 1000 Convertible
Poquoson, VA
This Morris was restored and shipped to my home. It is left hand drive. It has the original 948c.c. engine which runs well. The... More
1959 Morris Minor
Holland, MI
After being fully restored, this beautiful Morris Minor Traveller is truly a car ready to travel! The Morris Minor was the first British vehicle... More
1960 Morris Minor Traveler
Escondido, CA
The Morzuki: A 1960 Morris Minor Traveler on a 1987 Suzuki Samurai 4WD chassis. Chevy 4.3L V6, 200 R4 overdrive automatic, aluminum intake, Edelbrock 4... More
1967 Morris Minor Convertible
La Vergne, TN
For sale in our Nashville showroom is a 1967 Morris Minor 1000. I??ll bet you don??t have one of these in your collection! This... More
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1968 Morris Mini
Brummen, Netherlands
Beautiful and very original Morris Mini 1000. Delivered new in the Netherlands in 1968 and comes from the first owner. The Morris is never... More
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1960 Morris
Decatur, AL
MORRIS: 1960 1000 project car, 3 engines, 3 trans, 1 1275 motor, misc new parts, $2,700. Wayne, 256-353-5552, AL.... More
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Morris Mixed
Syracuse, NY
BRITISH used auto parts. Midtown Auto, 212 Burnet Ave, Syracuse, NY 13203-2335, PH: 315-422-2187; email: [email]; or visit our website: www.britishusedautoparts.com... More
Advertiser since 2006
Morris Wiring
Barto, PA
WIRING harnesses for all Morris, Morgan, MG, Midget, Metropolitan and all British marques. British Wiring, 866-461-9050, FAX: 610-845-3518, PA; [email]; www.britishwiring.com... More
Advertiser since 2006
Morris Parts catalogs
Dallas, TX
MORRIS Minor & Oxford, Morgan, Magnette and other antique British vehicle parts; free catalog. Kip Motor Co, 888-243-0440, 972-243-0440, Dallas, TX; [email]; or www.kipmotor.com?**26-YR**... More
Advertiser since 1994


text:
Triplicate Staff
The Del Norte High girls tennis team continued its torrid pace in Humboldt-Del Norte Conference play on Tuesday, defeating Eureka 8-1 at home. The win brings the squad to 4-0 for the year in HDNC play.
On Saturday, the team travels to top HDNC power Arcata.
In the No. 1 seed match up, Emma Wilson handled Crystal Parker 6-4, 6-4.
No. 2 seed Rebecca Cink defeated Jenna Madsen 6-4, 1-6, 6-2, while Lauren Godla lost to Vivi Smith 6-7, (5-7), 4-6. No 4. Ashleigh Speaker defeated Elsie Adams 7-6 (7-4), 6-3.
Jennifer Gustafson won against Kristen Callahan 6-1, 6-0. Rachel Cink won against Tori Edwards 6-1, 4-6, 6-2.
In doubles action, Wilson and Rebecca Cink defeated Parker and Madsen 8-1. Gustafson and Speaker defeated Smith and Adams 8-3, and Rachel Cink and Kelsy Hintz defeated Callahan and Edwards 8-2.
Head coach Jane Rumiano said the girls were challenged by a Eureka team andquot;that knew how to hit the ball well and play good tennis.andquot;
Overall, Rumiano said she was pleased with how they played.
andquot;The girlsstepped up their games to meet the challenge, learned more about themselves and how to play tennis in the process,andquot; she said.


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This is a switch I can get behind — the landlord of a Denny's in Williams, Arizona, let the franchise go, remodeled the building, and opened a Kicks on Route 66 Bar and Grill in its place, reported the Williams News.
Brad and Sally Olson opened the revamped restaurant about two weeks ago, reported the newspaper.
Everything on the menu is made from scratch daily, such as the breads, rolls and sauces.
The menu includes items such as wings, pesto pinwheels, gourmet salads, stuffed burgers, sandwiches, fried chicken, steak and ribs.
Kicks on Route 66 has 20 beers on tap, 16 of which are Arizona craft beers. The restaurant also has four Arizona wines on tap as well as an extended selection of bottled wines.
Photos of Route 66 are part of the decor. The restaurant's website is here, and its Facebook page is here.
(Image of Kicks on Route 66 Bar and Grill via its Facebook page)


text:
Advertise in newspapers and websites across Texas or target specific areas of the state easily and cost-effectively using Texas Press Service advertising networks.
In addition to statewide coverage, TPS offers regional and national coverage through other press associations. Contact us for a quote.
Statewide 2×2 Display Network – For display (graphics/picture based) advertising in 241 newspapers statewide.
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Leaderboard and rectangular ads available.
Click here for brochure.


text:
huawei g525 stock rom pls
Unpack, copy dload directory to external SD root. Boot Phone pressing power and both Vol+ and Vol-.
XDA Developers was founded by developers, for developers. It is now a valuable resource for people who want to make the most of their mobile devices, from customizing the look and feel to adding new functionality.
Are you a developer? | Terms of Service
Copyright © xda-developers. Hosted by Leaseweb


text:
CALLS for an inquiry into the policing of the 1980s miners' strike grew last night, after North-East MPs and union leaders added their voices to a campaign for justice within coalfield communities.
Activists are demanding a fresh investigation into the conduct of police officers on the picket lines of pits across the country.
A coalition of unions, campaigners and lawyers want to erase the criminal records of the estimated 7,000 men detained and "falsely charged" during the bitter unrest of 1984-85.
Loading article content
But, in the wake of damning reports into the behaviour of police during the Hillsborough disaster, calls have also been made to review the way the carried out their duties on the front line amid allegations of police brutality.
David Hopper, general secretary of the Durham Miners Association, said: "We would like to think we could resurrect some of the cases and have them re-examined to see if they can do anything. It was a long time ago but there is still a lot of bitterness about what the police got away with and the way they were used as an arm of the state.
"They were prepared to send people to jail for long sentences who were innocent."
Last week, Easington MP Grahame Morris co-signed an early day motion tabled by Wansbeck MP Ian Lavery, asking for the Director of Public Prosecutions to deliver "a full comprehensive inquiry into the policing of the miners' strike throughout the UK to ensure miners, their families and communities finally receive the justice they deserve". It comes in the wake of a BBC documentary about the 1984 clash between police and pickets at Orgreave, the British Steel coking plant in South Yorkshire where 95 miners were charged with riot and unlawful assembly, but acquitted a year later.
The South Yorkshire force referred itself to the policing watchdog over the Battle of Orgreave and the Independent Police Complaints Commission has confirmed it is looking at allegations of assault, perjury, perverting the course of justice and misconduct in a public office.
A Crown Prosecution Service spokesman said that the CPS had yet to be contacted by the IPCC in relation to Orgreave.
He said: "We would then, of course, work closely with them and advise them during that process."
MPs said an inquiry should be widened to hold other forces to account for what happened in the North-East as well.
Mr Morris said: "There should be another look at what has happened and an amnesty for people who have carried false conviction for over 25 years. It has been a stain on their characters and in many cases has prevented them from getting gainful employment. It is also a huge stain on the police's history."
The NUM said around sixty per cent of the 11,000 miners arrested during the strike were held on 'bogus' grounds.
Michael Mansfield QC, who also acts for the Hillsborough Family Support Group, is currently reviewing evidence of police assaults against miners, and campaigners.
Calls for a far-reaching inquiry have been echoed by North Durham MP Kevan Jones, who said: "In some cases law abiding people have gained criminal records, which have stopped them getting jobs, and reputations have been damaged by this.
"There was a culture at the time to vilify those who were on strike and now is the time to have look at these cases again, especially if police evidence was falsified."


text:
hrlp me 1 hour help me
How do ATP and NADPH connect light-dependent and light-independent reactions in photosynthesis?
Stella wants to test the hypothesis "If carbon dioxide levels increase, the growth rate of sunflowers will increase." She places five young sunflower plants into similar containers and sets up pumps that release different amounts of carbon dioxide into each container. She plans to measure the daily height of the plants for two weeks and graph the data. Which additional considerations would produce the most reliable experimental results?
Which is required for the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis to occur?
Photosynthesis is a process that occurs in plants by which the plant converts energy from the sun into food for the plant. Plants that are deprived of sunlight do not photosynthesize properly. Sylvia believes other factors can affect photosynthesis and is trying to devise an experiment to test her hypothesis. Which experimental design should Sylvia try?
Which statement describes thylakoids?
Which term describes stacks of thylakoids?
Plants are divided into either vascular or nonvascular groups. These two groups share some characteristics, such as cell walls, but there are several important differences in their structures. Nonvascular plants lack which of the following structures?
How are the reactants represented in the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
Navah writes out the chemical equation for photosynthesis. She includes two reacting molecules to the left of the arrow and two resulting molecules to the right.
What must be added to the chemical equation to more accurately represent photosynthesis?
Some land plants have evolved specialized vascular tissues that have allowed them to thrive on land. The developement of these structures was necessary because
Photosynthesis is important to living organisms because it is
Harry is doing a research project on the movement of plants from the ocean to land. He leaned that plants evolved vascular tissues, which enabled them to pull water from the ground and survive on land. Which is most likely another adaptation that contributed to the success of land plants?
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Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology (03) 6226 2125 or School of Psychology (03) 6226 2237
The Graduate Certificate of Counselling is a skill based course which provides opportunities for graduates and people working in counselling roles to gain a qualification in counselling, together with preparation for further study in Counselling and Rehabilitation Counselling. It is a HECS based course offered on the Hobart campus on a part-time study basis and comprises four 12.5% units.
Requirements for entry to the course are completion of a degree with a major in psychology or behavioural science, or a degree in an affiliated area or other equivalent qualifications. In special cases candidates who do not satisfy the normal entry requirements but have extensive relevant professional experience may be accepted for entry to the course. Candidates will be interviewed and are required to submit a professional statement including professional references, statement of intent, work history and police records check.
The Graduate Certificate of Counselling aims to equip students with fundamental knowledge and skills in counselling, together with an understanding of the ethical, legal and professional issues in relation to the practice of counselling. The course also aims to provide professional development opportunities for people working in counselling roles, and preparation for further study in Counselling or Rehabilitation Counselling.
Students who have completed the Graduate Certificate of Counselling may be eligible for entry to the Graduate Diploma in Counselling and the Graduate Diploma in Rehabilitation Counselling.
Eligibility for listing on the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia (PACFA) Register normally requires two years of postgraduate training, however, admission to the Register based on recognition of prior learning, practice and supervision is also possible. For further information, go to the PACFA website (www.pacfa.org.au/).
Authorised by the Academic Registrar
© University of Tasmania | ABN 30 764 374 782 | CRICOS Provider Code 00586B
Copyright and Disclaimers | Accessibility | Feedback, Suggestions and Questions
Info Line 1300 363 864


text:
Got a big idea for a digital publishing start-up?
AppNewser linked to a long list of incubators, accelerators and labs around the country that fund big ideas. Check it out:
Tech development, from apps to mobile tools to media companies, depends on technology investors. If you have an idea for a new tool or company, you should connect with the technology investors near you.


text: Jason Goepel 797 Report post Posted August 30, 2013 What is the best way to expose a Reference Type as an Object Property? class TypeA // asOBJ_REF { }; class TypeB // asOBJ_REF { TypeA m_A; // ... RegisterObjectProperty("TypeB", "TypeA A", asOFFSET(TypeB, m_A), ... }; class TypeC // asOBJ_REF | asOBJ_GC { TypeA* m_pA; // ... RegisterObjectProperty("TypeC", "TypeA@ A", asOFFSET(TypeC, m_pA), ... }; If a script gets a handle to TypeB::m_A and the TypeB object goes out of scope, it seems like m_A would be prematurely destroyed. How does one inform the garbage collector to not destroy the TypeB object until all references to it's member m_A have been released? The TypeC scenario looks more straight forward, but there is no garuntee that m_pA points to a valid object since the script could assign to it an empty handle. Thanks for the help. 0 Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


text:
The following is the complete WWE Network schedule for Thursday, 3/6.
WZ will be providing complete, LIVE coverage of the new NXT episode beginning at 9pm EST, along with Mike Killam's live thoughts as the show takes place, so be sure to join us then!
12am EST – Best of RAW – 3/25/2001


text:
I'm trying to play with decklink board a .mov file with 29.978 FPS.
The decklink output is set to to 25 FPS with this script:
ffmpeg -r 25 -i 816.mov -pix_fmt uyvy422 -r 25 -vf scale=1920x1080 -c:a pcm_s16le -ar 48000 -ac 2 -filter:a "atempo=0.8" -f decklink "DeckLink Studio 2"
the problem is audio setting, i'm using atempo flag, but i dont know the correct value
If i dont play audio with -an flag, video is ok.
with audio i have this message:
Play start correctly but after some minutes give me an error:
[decklink @ 000000000298d400] There are not enough buffered video frames. Video may misbehave!
thank in advace


text:
Three people from our area have been recognised in the New Year's Honours List.
Jane Jones, from Oakham, was awarded a British Empire Medal for services to charity, and Ernest Wyer, of Hanthorpe, was also awarded a British Empire Medal for services to the community in Morton and Hanthorpe.
Flt Sgt Dale Woolman-Lane, from the Royal Air Force Police, was also awarded an MBE for his achievements in providing a military working dog capability in Afghanistan.
Flt Sgt Woolman-Lane lives in Cottesmore.


text:
Article source: Barker Freeman Design Office architects pllc
This 12 foot wide rowhouse for a family of four organizes life on four narrow but light-filled levels. A new open switchback stair located at the center of the footprint sets up a dialogue between the spaces in the front, which preserve elements of the original detail of the late 19th century house and the rear, which includes an addition with a full wall of storefront-system glass.
- Architects: Barker Freeman Design Office architects pllc
- Project: 12 foot wide house
- Location: Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Photography: Francis Dzikowski/OTTO


text:
STARmeterTop 5000
Up 1,623 this week
Katharine Towne
Katharine Towne was born on July 17, 1978 in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, USA as Katharine Payne Towne. She is an actress, known for What Lies Beneath (2000), Mulholland Dr. (2001) and Evolution (2001). She was previously married to Charlie Hunnam. See full bio »
More at IMDbPro » Contact Info: View manager


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Tottenham winger David Bentley is enjoying his loan at FC Rostov.
Bentley, whose contract with Spurs is up next summer, could have played it much safer and accepted one of four or five offers to go on loan in England, but as soon as the opportunity arose to go to Russia he knew what he wanted to do.
He told the Sunday Mirror: "I got a phone call on the Wednesday saying, 'Do you fancy it?'
"And being the first Englishman to play there, I just thought, 'Why not?' By the Friday I was on my way. I went over there, got it sorted and trained within five days.
"I spoke to a few of the old Tottenham lads - Stipe Pletikosa, Vedran Corluka and Roman Pavlyuchenko. They told me it's a pretty good standard and a lot of players are being brought in as well.
"A lot of the top managers in Europe are there - Slaven Bilic, Guus Hiddink and Fabio Capello with the national team - and they're trying to invest.
"The standard of teams I've played has been really good."


text:
Author's Tales Confronted—and Helped Ease—Children's Fears
The illustrator and writer of landmark books including "Where the Wild Things Are" and "In the Night Kitchen," Maurice Sendak was among the best-known—and most unsettling—of children's authors.
Mr. Sendak, who also worked as a set designer for opera and ballet, died Tuesday at age 83.
Mr. Sendak's most widely known book was "Where the Wild Things Are," a tale about a misbehaving boy sent to his room without supper. Seemingly in a dream, he becomes king in a land populated by monsters with "terrible teeth" and "terrible roars." He tames them with a glance, dances a "wild rumpus" with them, and returns home, "where he found his supper waiting for him, and it was still hot."
Widely hailed when it appeared in 1963, the book also sparked criticism from educators and psychologists who found it too scary for kids. Commenting on it in his column in Ladies' Home Journal, the psychologist Bruno Bettelheim wrote "The basic anxiety of the child is desertion."
On this point Mr. Sendak agreed, only he thought that children deserved stories that confronted their fears. In a 2008 interview with The Wall Street Journal, Mr. Sendak spoke of being haunted as a child by the Lindbergh Baby kidnapping, which took place in 1932. "It was the fullest expression of the danger that children live in," he said.
Born in Brooklyn to Polish immigrant parents, Mr. Sendak was a sickly, bookish child who liked to copy Walt Disney characters. In high school, he found work drawing backgrounds for the comic strip "Mutt and Jeff." Many of his relatives perished in the Holocaust, a theme that he returned explicitly in the 2003 book "Brundibar," based on an opera performed by children in the Nazi concentration camp at Terezin, now part of the Czech Republic.
He never attended college but found work designing window displays for FAO Schwarz, a big Manhattan toy store. Nights he studied at the Art Students League of New York.
In the 1950s, Mr. Sendak worked as a children's book illustrator, notably "A Hole Is To Dig." But "Where the Wild Things Are" won the Caldecott Medal, the most prestigious U.S. award for a picture book for children, and made him a publishing phenomenon.
"The book is one of the best known, iconic things about childhood," said Susan Katz, president of the HarperCollins children's division, a unit of News Corp.'s HarperCollins Publishers Inc., which published many works by Mr. Sendak. Ms. Katz estimated that there are more than 20 million copies in print globally. (News Corp. owns The Wall Street Journal.)
Mr. Sendak illustrated dozens more books, including Grimm's fairy tales and poetry by Randall Jarrell. He wrote and illustrated several more, including "In the Night Kitchen," (1971) another dreamscape featuring a little boy. He flies an airplane into a kitchen where three giant bakers—with an obvious resemblance to one of Mr. Sendak's favorite actors, Oliver Hardy—are making cakes for breakfast. The book garnered even more controversy for scenes in which the boy is depicted nude. It was said that some librarians went so far as to draw diapers on him.
Mr. Sendak moved in the 1970s to Ridgefield, Conn., where he kept a studio and decorated his home with Disney characters.
In 2011, he published "Bumble-Ardy," the story of a pig who has his first-ever birthday party when he turns 9. The character had its genesis four decades earlier in an animated collaboration with Jim Henson for "Sesame Street," and Mr. Sendak said Bumble-Ardy stayed with him.
"He was funny. He was robust," Mr. Sendak told the Journal. "He was sly. He was a sneak. He was all the things I like."
—Jeffrey A. Trachtenberg contributed to this article.
Write to Stephen Miller at firstname.lastname@example.com


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The whole slit-mouthed woman urban legend in Japan seriously freaks me out. The imagery alone is enough to loosen my bowels, especially once you factor in the whole uber-creepy "Am I pretty?" nonsense. Freaky, freaky stuff. Seriously freaky stuff. That having been said, the trailer for "Kuchisake-onna Returns", a film which incorporates the legend into its storyline, is nothing short of hilarious. How hilarious, you ask? You're about to find out. Or not.
Before indulging, check out this plot synopsis from Nippon Cinema:
Megumi Ohori stars as Airi, a graduate student majoring in the study of folklore. As part of her studies, she decides to travel to a small village with a group of friends to investigate local legends. Unbeknownst to her, the villagers worship "kuchisake-onna" (the slit-mouthed woman) as living gods and intend to offer her and her friends up as a human sacrifice. Eventually, Airi is wounded and fights back by becoming a "kuchisake hunter".
When you're ready for fun, check out the trailer below. "Kuchisake-onna Returns" opens in Japan on July 7th, 2012. If you're in the area, take in a screening and let us know what it's all about. A collection of goofy screen grabs from the flick have been included, as well.


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Intel Corp. released its 2007 Corporate Responsibility Report earlier today. Voluntarily reporting in conformance with the Global Reporting Initative's Sustainability Reporting Guidelines, the report provides insight into Intel's worldwide operations and facilities for the fiscal year just past, as well as an extended five years' worth of historical performance data, compiled and reported so as to provide a better perspective of trends.
Assessing the organization's own performance using the GRI Index, Intel graded itself GRI Application B-plus. According to the company's CR report, "At Intel, we believe that corporate responsibility is essential to our business. Our approach is motivated by our understanding that the success of our company cannot be separated from the health of the planet or the communities in which we operate. As a global technology and business leader, we believe that we are uniquely positioned to help advance environmental sustainability, improve education, and strengthen communities worldwide – through the innovative application technology and the hands-on commitment and leadership that we can provide."
Noting that Intel has been committed to reducing emissions, recycling waste, conserving water and designing products with the environment in mind, Intel president and CEO Paul S. Otellini cited a few developments he thought particularly noteworthy in his Executive Perspective as Intel continues to work towards a long-term vision Otellini has dubbed "Sand to Sand."
During 2007, Intel began using a lead-free process to produce its new 45 nanometer chips and mapped out plans to transition to halogen-free packaging technology this year, Otellini noted.
The company's Fab 32 manufacturing facility in Arizona – one of the most advanced in the world, according to Intel – will be the first of its factories to be certified as aq Green Building under new LEED criteria that are being developed specifically for the industry.
The company also remains committed to improving education. More than 1.1 million teachers were trained to better integrate and make better use of information and communications technology through the Intel Teach Program in 2007. The program reached a total of more than 5 million as of year-end 2007, having been established in 1998.


text:
Despite Challenges to Healthcare Industry, Novant Health Sees Steady Growth
Each week, WFDD contributor Justin Catanoso interviews a reporter from our media partner, the Triad Business Journal. This week's Business Report focuses on a major player in the state's healthcare industry: Winston-Salem-based Novant Health.
Novant has traveled a steady path to growth. Formed in 1997 by the merger of Presbyterian Hospital in Charlotte and Forsyth Memorial, the health care system now has 15 hospitals in four states and more than 25,000 employees. With new executives in charge, Novant is poised to grow even more.
The Triad Business Journal's Owen Covington evaluates the growth strategy and the people behind it.
Owen Covington covers health care, insurance, law/bankruptcy court, media/advertising, local government and sports business for the Triad Business Journal. To read Owen Covington's full story about Novant Health and for more business news in the Piedmont, go to triad.bizjournals.com.
Justin Catanoso is director of the journalism program at Wake Forest University and a regular contributor to WFDD.


text:
Edit Article
wikiHow to Draw Glenn from Family Guy
Do you like the show Family Guy? Here's how to draw Glenn (better known by his surname, Quagmire), the family's neighbor with a huge chin and an even huger sex drive.
1Draw the shapes that will form his head. three rectangles: a small one and two large ones. Add guidelines for his face.
2Draw two circles for his eyeballs. Add a dot for each pupil. Draw his nose like a banana and give him a smile! Add half-circles for his ears.
3Sketch in his hair. Lay it fairly thinly on his head, with a middle part and curved sideburns.
4Draw thin shapes for the body. These will be different from the big circles usually used for the characters in Family Guy. Draw an oval for the body and attached to that, a set of two smaller, thinner ovals. Give a set for each arms and add in his hands.
5Draw a set of two thin ovals for each legs. Add thin triangles for the feet.
6Sketch his shirt, pants and leather shoes. Make sure he's bending at the knees, and that his legs and arms are both fairly thin.
7Outline and color in your drawing. His typical attire is jeans and a Hawaiian-flowered shirt, with brown shoes.
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text:
From police and sheriff's reports.
CARLSBAD: A caller at 3:04 a.m. Nov. 12 in the 3600 block of Sierra Morena Avenue told police that he and his girlfriend were playing with handcuffs and had lost the key, and that the handcuffs were cutting off the circulation to his hands. Officers did not have a key to fit the handcuffs, and advised the man to seek help at a nearby fire station.
CARLSBAD: Someone took a package delivered by the Postal Service to a mailbox or front porch in the 4800 block of Kelly Drive, reported a caller at 8:55 a.m. Nov. 12. The box was later found, but it had been opened and items were missing.
CARLSBAD: A woman reported she had left her purse at the bar in The Alley bar downtown about midnight Nov. 12, and someone stole $80 from it. She told officers she believed the money was taken by two women who had been sitting at the bar earlier.
DEL MAR: A woman reported her car had been burglarized at 7:24 p.m., Nov. 13 near Camino Del Mar and 29th Street. A $15 purse, a $15 wallet, about $300 cash, identification and credit cards were reported stolen.
ENCINITAS: A woman reported her car was vandalized at 10:22 a.m., Nov. 13 near Via Valle Verde and Cancha De Golf. About $20,000 in damage to the four-door car was reported.
ESCONDIDO: A robbery was reported at Gayland Street and East Grand Avenue at 9:57 p.m. Nov. 13.
ESCONDIDO: A residential burglary was reported in the 900 block of Mills St. at 7:39 p.m. Nov. 13.
ESCONDIDO: A 1994 cream Jeep Cherokee was reported stolen in the 1000 block W. El Norte Parkway at 5:48 p.m. Nov. 13.
ESCONDIDO: A man was arrested for battery in the 1800 block of Sheridan Drive at 4:17 p.m. Nov. 13.
FALLBROOK: A thief made off with two computers valued at $600 each from a vehicle parked on the 900 block of Alturas Road some time between the evening of Nov. 12 and the next morning. A separate vehicle burglary was reported on the same block the following night, when a female victim reported that her purse and iPod had been stolen.
OCEANSIDE: A 26-year old man was arrested around 8:30 p.m. Nov. 9 on Frenzel Circle for violating a restraining order issued in connection with a domestic violence case.
OCEANSIDE: A 16-year-old boy and an 18-year-old man reported to police around 8:40 a.m. Nov. 11 that they were victims of petty theft in the 4600 block of North River Road.
POWAY: A cellular phone valued at $599 was shoplifted from Verizon Wireless in the 13400 block of Poway Road on Nov. 12 at 5:20 p.m.
POWAY: A report of a sex crime against a child was made on Nov. 12. The alleged crime happened between Aug. 15 and Sept. 15 in the 1300 block of Carriage Road.
RAMONA: Petty theft in the 1600 block of Keyes Road was reported at 3:22 p.m. Nov. 11. An electronic component valued at $100 was taken.
RAINBOW: A burglar struck a home in the 300 block of Rainbow Crest Road on the night of Nov. 11, stealing a television, a computer, a ring, a watch and clothing worth a combined $8,500.
PALA: The Pala band of Mission Indians reported $55 worth of "miscellaneous food items" stolen between 8 and 9 a.m. Nov. 13 near the intersection of Pankey Road and Pala Road.
SAN MARCOS: A $2,500 white sedan with $500 of tools inside was reported stolen from the 1700 block of Elfin Forest Road Nov. 7 at 3:35 p.m.
SOLANA BEACH: A man was arrested on suspicion of being drunk in public at 10:40 a.m., Nov. 13 in the 100 block of South Solana Hills Drive.
VISTA: A 42-year-old man was arrested after a traffic stop on suspicion of possession of a controlled substance for sale Nov. 14 about 11:30 p.m. on the 100 block of Olive Avenue.
VISTA: A 37-year-old woman reported a vehicle stolen on the 300 block of Avenida Benito Juarez on Nov. 14.