text: I over caffeineated yesterday, oops haha, stomach was still in a yucky way this morning so I made this for work. I still love this tea, it's especially good with honey. Yum, i will hopefully never be out of this, it also helped my tummy! See previous notes on this tea :)


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Iso-Flo® conveyors can be customized to fit a wide range of applications and can be designed to use traditional vibratory or sliding linear motion to match product and functional needs.
Content Item Type:
Iso-Flo is a versatile family of natural frequency vibratory conveyors with frame-mounted mechanical drives that operate with high amplitude, low frequency movement.
Featured Image:
Product/Service Categories:
Conveying [3]
Legacy NID:
91 371

subset: commoncrawl


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Bemidji Knights of Columbus honored
Bemidji Council #1544 of the Knights of Columbus was recently awarded the Father Michael J. McGivney award for membership growth during the last council year. The Bemidji council has celebrated more than 100 years of involvement in the community. Dan DeCrans, district deputy, recently presented the award to Terry Belanger, Grand Knight of the Bemidji Council.


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Saturday night was all right
The recent spate of celebrity deaths have taken some amazing and talented people away from us.
Ed McMahon, sidekick and Publisher's Clearing House spokesman, was part of my parent's Tonight Show, which I shunned because my 14-year-old, punk-ass self, completely consumed with the sardonic humour of SCTV and Saturday Night Live, thought it was passé. (It was only when I bought a DVD box set of The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson for my dad and watched it with him that I later recognized Carson's genius as a funnyman. But that's another story.)
Farrah Fawcett, pin up queen and television star, was the girl you wished you were – for the generation of women before me. When my friends and I role-played Charlie's Angels, I always fought to be Kelly Garrett. For me, Jaclyn Smith was the girl I wished I was. I think it was the brunette thing.
As for Michael Jackson, well, as far as I'm concerned, he died after Thriller.
But the recent suicide of Martin Streek has affected me more deeply.
The power of radio has diminished for me in recent years, but in my teens, twenties and early thirties, my world was consumed by CFNY. The station saw me through unrequited crushes and all-night study sessions. It introduced me to bands that I never heard before and opened up within me a deep interest in music that has grown exponentially. Before iTunes and internet radio, CFNY was it. And then Martin Streek came along and it got even better.
If I wasn't at the Phoenix dancing my ass off underneath the booth where Streek performed his magic, you would find me at home, lying on my bed, headphones on, listening to Streek's voice as he was broadcasting "LIVE TO AIR". I haven't listened to the station much since it re-branded itself as "The Edge", so I was unaware that Streek had been fired in May, which is another example of how far the station has strayed from being "the spirit of radio". Whether his dismissal had anything to do with his death, we may never know.
The important thing for me is this: Martin Streek introduced me to a lot of great music and, for that, he will always have my deepest appreciation.
To show yours, join the Facebook group set up to honour his memory.
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Well put Bonnie…having worked in radio and experienced the life it becomes more than a job…it becomes part of you. Here's hoping that Martin Streek has found the peace now wherever he may be that he apparently could not find here. Cheers,
Comment by Andy Donovan | July 7, 2009 |


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A high-end B&N is coming to Scarsdale, NY; an Orange County bookstore is thrown a lifeline; and a Buffalo, NY, bookseller reveals his run-in with the FBI.
Upmarket B&N to Open in Scarsdale, N.Y.: At the eTail West conference last month, Barnes & Noble CEO Ron Boire talked about opening a new prototype store later this year. But combining bricks-and-mortar and digital isn't B&N's only experiment, it is about to try an upscale store and restaurant in a former Borders location.
Orange County's Once Upon a Storybook Stays in the Picture: The Tustin, Calif., bookstore, which had planned to close, will now stay open thanks to a new financial partner, Erin Moriarty. The bookstore is planning a "chapter 2" celebration next month.
Bookstore Owner Questions Why He Was Targeted by FBI: For two years, the FBI kept tabs on environmental activist Leslie Pickering and his Buffalo, N.Y., bookstore, Burning Books, from which they thought he was running an eco-terrorist cell. After a confidential informant recanted part of her story, Pickering wants to know why the FBI relied on informants with an axe to grind.
Atlanta History Center Bookstore Expands: Souper Jenny, a soup and sandwich shop, will open April 2 in a shared space with the center's expanded bookstore and gift shop.
Pendelton's Armchair Books to Close: Citing declining sales, co-owner Terry Dallas said that the Pendelton, Ore., bookstore will close in April after 34 years.


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Running back Montario Hardesty hasn't been mentioned among the best players in the state of North Carolina by many analysts early in this recruiting season. But if three in-state schools are correct, his name certainly belongs right up there.
North Carolina, NC State and East Carolina have all offered the 6-foot-0, 190-pound back from New Bern, N.C., one of the top high school football programs in the state.
"I can play running back or cornerback," said Hardesty. "Most of my numbers and attention came from my time at running back, but I've been told that I have all the athleticism and ability to play corner in college.
Article Continues Below
"At running back I have the vision and speed to cut upfield, find holes in the defense and attack. I don't get caught back on my heels, I take it straight to the defense and make them adjust to me and what I want to do."
Does Hardesty have a leader?
"No, I don't think so," he said. "At least not now. I have offers from State, Carolina and ECU, so those three have to be up there, and they're close to home which is nice. But there are other schools like Penn State, Clemson, Florida State and a lot of others that I'm going to have to take a long look at before making any kind of decision."
As a junior Hardesty ran for nearly 2,000 yards and 19 touchdowns, and had more than 300 receiving yards as well.


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This afternoon the first official one sheet was released for Lionsgate's Saw VI – and it's a motion poster (I seriously love these)! Below you can take a look at the latest incarnation of Jigsaw. Also note that the official website has now launched, let the games begin! In theaters October 23, Special Agent Strahm is dead, and Detective Hoffman has emerged as the unchallenged successor to Jigsaw's legacy. However, when the FBI draws closer to Hoffman, he is forced to set a game into motion, and Jigsaw's grand scheme is finally understood.
"Similar to the Saw V Tobin face-skin poster, this teaser is meant to illustrate that Jigsaw continues to have a growing number of followers…"
this week in horror
This Week in Horror - November 6, 2017 - Pet Sematary, Horror ...
Starry Eyes duo Dennis Widmyer and Kevin Kolsch will take over the Pet Sematary Remake, 2017 was the best year for horror movies ever, and James O'Barr will be heavily involved in the upcoming The Crow film. It's THIS WEEK IN HORROR with Whitney Moore!Posted by Bloody Disgusting on Tuesday, November 7, 2017


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WASHINGTON, Aug. 13 (UPI) -- Residents on a wide swath of the Atlantic coast are seeing powerful thunderstorms produce sometimes torrential rain that's caused flooding in several states.
The storm front has the potential to cause property damage from heavy winds and flooding from North Carolina to Maine, Accuweather.com said. Emergency workers in Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware said roads have been washed out and homes are flooding. In Ritchie County, W.Va., police have reported making multiple water rescues due to flash floods.
A potential tornado in Burlington County, N.J., is being investigated with radar reports showing rotation typical of a twister in the area and a wide swath of downed trees and power lines.
Mid-Atlantic states are most likely to see flooding, from Raleigh, N.C., to Washington.
The storms are a result of a cold front that moved though the Great Lakes region Monday.


text: GT500 Swapped Fox-body By 5Speed07GT - May 30, 2013 Take one wrecked 2007 GT500. Take one super clean Fox body notch. The take virtually everything from the S197 except for the body and suspension. And you get this: a totally wicked sleeper built by Jason Hall of Mississippi. Oh, and did I mention that Jason did it with a friend outside under a carport? Yeah, we've seen a lot of Fox body Coyote swaps recently. But this takes it to another level. Read the full story at streetlegaltv.com Tags: Custom, Fox Body, GT500, mustang, restomod


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Chefs and cooks know chocolate and coffee are the perfect pairing.
Both have nuances of flavor, much like fine wines. When combined, each makes the other taste better.
This concept makes the recent collaboration between Topeka's PT's Coffee Roasting Co. and Kansas City's Christopher Elbow Chocolates a natural.
PT's co-owner Jeff Taylor worked with Christopher Elbow and wholesale manager Cody Ayers to create a line of chocolate bars that feature PT's single-origin coffees and Christopher Elbow's chocolates.
"Both coffee and chocolate have very distinctive flavors," Ayers said. "Together, they create dynamic and flavorful combinations. Chris worked hard to create bars that bring out the coffees' true flavors."
The partnership started when Taylor made his annual holiday order of Elbow's chocolates.
"Every year I order chocolates for family, friends and staff," he said. "His chocolate is amazing — unparalleled. He also loves coffee, and he's a fan of our coffee."
The order was large enough to make it to the desk of Ayers, who was familiar with PT's because the two companies have retail stores in The Crossroads in Kansas City. At first, they talked about selling chocolates in Taylor's stores. However, during one conversation, Elbow suggested making chocolate bars with coffee, and the idea took off.
PT's Coffee Roasting Co. has been a fixture in Topeka for more than 20 years. The chocolate bars are made with PT's single-source, direct-trade coffees. Each variety comes from a specific farm that Taylor has visited. In some cases, he has helped harvest the beans.
While most coffee is grown at lower elevations so it matures quickly to meet the demands of large coffee companies, Taylor looks for farms in higher elevations, where the coffee is the last to mature, which makes it dense and full-flavored.
"I find farmers who are exceptional at what they do," he said. "These farmers are passionate about growing coffee."
Elbow began his chocolate-making enterprise in Kansas City after years of working as a restaurant chef.
His career began at Shiraz Restaurant and then moved to Las Vegas, where he helped chef Emeril Lagasse open Delmonico Steakhouse in the Venetian and chef Jean Joho open the Eiffel Tower Restaurant in the Paris Resort and Casino.
Elbow returned to Kansas City and worked as the pastry chef at the American Restaurant, where he began to experiment with making chocolates. His creations were so popular he decided to start his own company and gained notoriety when his chocolates were featured in Oprah Winfrey's magazine.
Like coffee beans, the cacao beans that are made into chocolate come from a variety of regions in the world. Taylor, Elbow and Ayers did a lot of coffee and chocolate tasting to come up with the right combinations.
Since a liquid brewed coffee could make the chocolate seize, becoming a clumpy mess, Elbow added very finely ground coffee beans into the chocolate to create the right flavor pairings.
The chocolate bars available include:
■ Madagascar dark chocolate paired with Ethiopian Deri Kochoha coffee, a bar with bright raspberry, butterscotch and lemon verbena flavor notes that Taylor recommends for daytime enjoyment.
■ Venezuelan dark chocolate blended with Colombia Finca Santa Maria coffee, a smooth, mellow bar good for any time of day, with flavor notes of honey, key lime and white grape.
■ Dominican Republic Milk Chocolate mixed with Sumatra Karo Highlands coffee. This bar has a surprisingly deep, rich taste even though it is made with milk chocolate. Its notes of cola, tobacco and dark chocolate make it a perfect after-dinner sweet.
The bars are available at the PT's Coffee cafes in Topeka and Kansas City, plus the Christopher Elbow retail stores in Kansas City and San Francisco. They also can be ordered at www.elbowchocolates.com.
The bars soon will be distributed to a variety of specialty food stores and coffee shops throughout the United States.


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Our BabyMobile has now been in operation for a full month, and things are going strong! We are seeing roughly 40-50 clients every day it goes out. Many of those clients are new to Infant Crisis Services, including little Ike. The first thing we noticed about Ike was his beautiful, bright blue eyes! He captured our hearts right away. Despite his sunny smile, Ike hasn't had it easy. He was born six weeks early and has signs of a disease that affects his kidneys and liver. Now as a toddler, he suffers from incontinence and other serious medical issues.
But the problems for the family don't stop there. His mother, Heidi Ann, an OU alumna with an education degree, and his father, Chris, tried unsuccessfully for 10 years to have a child. So when Ike came along, they felt truly blessed! During their fertility struggles, the couple had two miscarriages and discovered Heidi Ann has kidney and liver disease. Due to her illness, she lost her teaching job and since has had difficulty finding employment. Recently, Chris has also been furloughed one day a week, which created another financial struggle for the family.
That's what brought them to Infant Crisis Services. They visited the BabyMobile while at Mary Mahoney Health Center. We are very happy to be able to help Ike and his family through this difficult time. It's great to know he won't miss a meal or a diaper change, and he will be able to keep that sweet smile that warmed all of our hearts.


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Powell Peak Summit View
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This is the view to the southeast of the summit of Powell Peak, 13,208 feet. To the left is Longs Peak, the center is McHenry's Peak, and the right is Chief's Head. Rocky Mountain National Park. March 6, 2005.
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* * 13 ratings
Have your favorite spreads and toppings handy for this fun, versatile pound cake recipe.
Prep Time:
10 min
- 1 (10.75 ounces) package Sara Lee® Frozen Pound Cake thawed
- assorted spreads (such as peanut butter, jam or jelly, strawberry cream cheese spread)
- assorted toppers (such as sliced bananas, strawberries or apples, mini chocolate chips, coconut, chopped nuts)
- cinnamon sugar (optional)
- Lightly sprinkle both sides of pound cake with cinnamon sugar if desired, shaking off any excess sugar. Toast in oven or toaster, or place on a grill for a few seconds.
- Spread with favorite toppings such as peanut butter, jam, jelly or cream cheese spread and top with sliced fruit and /or chocolate chips, coconut and nuts.


text:
It is reports that dominates lifestyles nowadays. Company would nearly visit a standstill as well as the routine of loss and income would perform havoc had there been no industry news to revise business people and buyers alike. The most effective way in recent occasions to acquire up to date in what is happening on the market is visiting a information portal. Simply a click on of your mouse will move you to reports web pages with regards to your topics appealing such as national politics, amusement, enterprise, and a in no way-concluding selection of problems. One particular benefit of surfing market place news on the web is you can read through it as for every your efficiency in spite of the location. Coming from a distant place in United states, it is possible to quickly log in to look at company reports on India or any other nation. Online information sites, have hence, in a way, simplified companies more than ever before. viral articles
OMG News Portal brings you the most discussed topics, viral articles, trending news and events of people, animals and places worldwide. events of people
Viral articles trending news and events of
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Moreover information visitors almost everywhere today are faced with one more main obstacle. That from commercials! All types of reports sites just about everywhere are flooding with ads of each possible company that you may have at any time come across. From tiny adverts, suggesting how amazing the organization is, to quarter site to sometimes even total site advertising, newspapers, news routes and almost every reports portal nowadays is filled with commercials. And while papers, news routes or news portals could be the best position to get a internet marketer it is really not really a nice experience for the viewer or the visitor. Visualize getting out of bed earlier each day, looking to up-date on your own with no matter what has took place on earth near you, in the last few hours, whilst you have been tucked away from the convenience of your respective bed, just to be greeted with a wide range of ads of sorts. That undoubtedly is not really the most effective commencing to any day time.
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text: Brooch, or binkie accoutrement, you may use these luscious lips in many delightful ways. Created in memory of a Parisian pin that showed flying lips, celebrating poetry, these lips could be a pin, a neckpiece, or worked with smaller hooks and lighter yarns, earrings. Add a magnet and they're a fridgie, make a bunch and they're a mobile. They are named luscious as they are two-piece 3D lips (and I also have a pattern for one-piece 3D lips). All the lips shown are made with wool and felted. Red: Full circle by Knit Picks, Purple Patons Classic wool Merino, White: Knit Picks Wool of the Andes, Pink: Lopi lite I created these lips to adorn sweaters, jacket lapels, and along the way, my testers shared their own unique spins on how lips can delight. You may use any yarn you have at hand, but use the guiding rule of working with a hook two sizes smaller than that recommended for the yarn. Most of the lips pictured are worsted/heavy worsted weight yarn, made with a F/3.75mm hook. Tools and Materials F/3.75 mm hook 15 yards worsted/aran yarn or any desired yarn/hook combination where hook is generally 2 to three sizes smaller than that recommended for yarn weight. Small amount of fiberfill for stuffing Stitch marker Tapestry or Yarn Needle Level ADVANCED BEGINNER Crochet Techniques used Adjustable ring Increasing and decreasing, invisible decrease Single crochet in the round GAUGE- not critical, but it is important to crochet closely enough that the stuffing will not come out


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Chalk up "vertical degradation" next to "truthiness" on the list of amazing terms Stephen Colbert is entering into the public lexicon. Last night, the host of Comedy Central's Colbert Report took on Dove and Unilever's new "Ultimate Go Sleeveless" deodorant campaign during his popular segment, "The Word."
According to a Wall Street Journal article that Colbert references, a Unilever PLC-ran survey showed that 93% of women find their armpits unattractive. The deodorant in question promises to help give women more attractive looking underarms in five days. As Colbert says, "Since they just made up the problem, let's say anything made by Unilever can help." Score another one for Comedy Central's political pundits succeeded where major cable news channels continue to fail: addressing deceptive marketing head-on as opposed to kowtowing to brands for advertising money. Watch the whole clip via Gawker here.


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Start Slideshow
- Wind Farm We've always had a sneaking suspicion that Google is close to taking over the world and they just keep adding fuel to our conspiracy theories. What now? Well, they've just invested in a $5 billion transmission line that will help speed up offshore wind development on the eastern seaboard....

READ ARTICLE1


text: Hey all! Hope you had a great Memorial Day weekend. I wore this outfit on Monday to a family barbecue and I am pretty sure everybody thought I was crazy for mixing these two wild patterns, but they were too polite to say anything. Maybe it was an overly ambitious pair but honestly, I feel like I have fallen into such a rut with outfits only donning labels from Forever21 or H&M. I just feel sick of the lack of creativity, I needed to change things up.


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Today, model Erin Tinsley, who's rallying her friends and fans to raise money for the Gulf Coast Recovery (www.gulfrecovery.webs.com), joins Marty and Jodi as they all commiserate about how difficult it is to be beautiful.
Plus, our podcast music director Chris Mays, steps up with two great new music suggestions from Ray LaMontagne and John Butler. Click HERE for Chirs Mays music picks


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Day 4 Preview
Matt Tombs / Friday 14th March 2014 / 10:05
It's been a good week puntingwise and I'm determined to round it off by backing the winner of the Gold Cup. The key consideration is the watered ground. On Tuesday, four of the seven races, including all of the three grade 1s, were run in times under standard - the Champion Hurdle in a time 5.75s under standard. On Wednesday all three grade 1s over jumps were run in times under standard with the Champion Chase run 3.51s under standard.
By contrast, on the watered ground on the new course on Thursday, all the times we well over standard. The only race within 6 seconds of standard was the Ryanair (2.13s over standard.) That all suggests there was serious watering and that with the previously dry top but high water table, the ground was quite tacky. It should dry out a bit for today's action but it's likely it won't be as quick as it was on Tuesday and Wednesday.
We've got 3 solid bets in the portfolio already. Captain Cutter (9/1) has sound claims in the Albert Bartlett and this a is a race where those at the front of the market do well, (only one winner at a double figure price so far in 9 renewals.) The Mullins camp have said that Briar Hill (13/8) is their banker of the week and given that Vautour and Faugheen have run away with the other two novice hurdle grade 1s, that looks a tip in itself. That said, I think it's a bit more open than the betting suggests and I'm going to stick with Captain Cutter, rather than play again.
I'm sweeter on the chances of the other two runners already in the portfolio. Arctic Fire (13/2 from 16/1) looks to have a favourites chance in the County Hurdle if the occasion doesn't get to him – if they hadn't watered it would have helped but hopefully the ground won't be too slow for him. Certain Flight (20/1) is an interesting outsider for an open looking Foxhunter. I don't want to play in these markets again now.
Sadly, the Pipe team ran Dynaste in the Ryanair rather than the Gold Cup. He was a good winner of the Ryanair and given how he won that through stamina, I'm wondering what might have been. Perhaps he will emulate Imperial Commander by winning the Gold Cup the year after taking the Ryanair. Given Dynaste's frustrating absence, and the fact we have 3 of the other races covered, I'm focussing all my attention on finishing the week with a Gold Cup winner, as the other race I'd normally have a bet in, the Grand Annual, is one where every time I have looked at it I've fancied something different and now like about ten of the runners.
Bobs Worth (2/1) is a solid favourite in that he's won at the Festival for the last 3 years and is 5/5 on the track. However, he looked beaten all the way round last year, and only really stayed on past horses that were virtually walking over the line. He goes on good ground, but I still think he may get tapped for toe coming down the hill again and they won't stop this year. He ran a stinker at Haydock and whilst he showed more toe in the Lexus, that looked an ordinary Grade 1. The watering will help bring his stamina into play but I couldn't back him at such a short price.
Of the two at the front of the market I prefer Silviniaco Conti (7/2) who has the best single piece of form this season when winning the King George. There was a lot of focus on Cue Card's performance at Kempton and I don't think Silviniaco Conti has been given the credit he deserves. The only concern is that he fell in the race last year, (his only run over fences at the track.) He seemed to handle the track perfectly well until then, and if he doesn't remember that he's the most likely winner of this.
Last Instalment (8/1) will take his chance despite the ground drying out. He was a really good novice chaser two seasons ago and after injuring two legs, returned this year and after a good run at Thurles, he bolted up in the Irish Hennessy. That may not have been that strong a renewal but he couldn't have been more impressive. The concern is how he comes down the hill given all the problems he has – last year Gigginstown had a similarly fragile type in Bog Warrior who was about 5 lengths clear with the World Hurdle seemingly at his mercy, only to break down badly coming down the hill. If it had rained then I'd have fancied him, but I'm really concerned that, even with the watering, the ground will be too quick.
Triolo D'Alene (14/1) is a horse who's been continually underestimated by punters, winning the Topham (off 132) at 14/1 and the Hennessy (off 147) at 20/1. He needs to progress hugely again to win and the Grand National was his original target, but the race really lacks depth and it's no surprise he's been a springer with AP booked. That said, he's being backed on the strength of being unexposed rather than top class and the fancy prices have gone now.
First Lieutenant (12/1) has been switched to this in case the ground becomes too quick for Last Instalment. He's a really consistent sort and loves the spring and good ground, but he's 1/12 in open company and hasn't looked a strong finisher at this sort of trip. Even with perfect conditions it'd need a few of the others to under perform for him to actually win, but as usual he has place prospects.
The Giant Bolster (16/1) is a genuine course specialist. He's been 2nd and 4th in the last two Gold Cups, the latter on unsuitably soft ground. His other last 2 chase runs here have produced a wide margin win in a handicap and a 7l defeat of Rocky Creek (who gave 5lb) in the Argento. The hood and visor combination looked to help there, and if they have a similar impact again on his favoured better ground, he could well be in the mix again.
Another interesting outsider is Lord Windermere (33/1) who won last year's RSA. He's been disappointing all 3 runs this year but Jim Culloty's small yard has been out of form all winter. Spring Heeled's win yesterday was their first since he won on 29 August. It's hard to know how to interpret those sort of results from a small yard, but if they are back in much better form now, Lord Windermere could belie those odds.
Lyreen Legend (50/1) was second to Lord Windermere in the RSA last season. He was held up in the autumn and was apparently well short of peak fitness on his seasonal debut when 5th in the Lexus and is expected to come on again for the run after filling the same place behind Last Instalment in the Irish Hennessy. Much was made of Dessie Hughes ability to peak a horse at Cheltenham when the Champion Hurdle was being discussed, and it applies equally here. He's not the no-hoper the market suggests and it'd be compensation for the Hughes team after the sad loss of Our Conor earlier in the week. He has each way claims.
On His Own (20/1) was supplemented for this. He's been plying his trade in handicaps for much of the season, mainly being disappointing before winning the Thyestes again, off 142. He's since won a conditions race at Fairyhouse that is often used as a Grand National prep - and that has apparently been his target all season. Similarly to Triolo D'Alene, you get the impression that connections sense this is more open than the market suggests and it's worth a go. He has no real chance on form, but it's worth noting that when Willie Mullins did his start of season stable tour, this horse was one of those he gave the 'star quality' banner.
Whilst I like Silviniaco Conti and think he's the most likely winner, the value is with the underrated course specialist The Giant Bolster. He's run well in this for the last 2 years, is only 9, and the hood and visor combination really looked to sharpen him up last time. He comes into the race in great form and the ground is in his favour. After the Moore's took the Champion Chase it would be fantastic if another small yard had it's day in the sun and there'd be few more popular winners than David Bridgwater.
1pt The Giant Bolster to win the Gold Cup (3.20) @ 16/1


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1 2006
2 fivejedjon
3 2006
Originally Posted by 2006
Are you actually saying that most of you deliberately pronounce "clothes" the exact same way as "close", taking care not to include even a hint of a th sound? That's what it sounds like you are saying. No, we don't take care to do it - it just happens.
And I don't know why any English teacher would want to try to convince her students that the pronunciation of "clothes" and "close" is the same, when they are not the same.
A careful pronunciation of 'clothes' is of course not the same as that of 'close'. That's what I've been saying, and there's no reason pronunciation shouldn't be careful.
However, the word 'clothes' is frequently pronounced/kləʊz/(BrE, ) /kloʊz/(AmE) by native speakers in normal conversation. This is confirmed in the Longman Pronunciation Dictionary, in which J C Wells which records what people say, rather than what they think they say. Your implication is that I think I and others say "clothes" but you know that we say "close'". Students "have been conditioned to believe" that there is a difference in the pronunciation of the two words because there is a difference. There may be in your pronunciation of the two words. It's not just me Fine.
I hope to have nothing more to say about "clothes" and "close".
Retired English Teacher


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By now most Catholics are well acquainted with the case of Sister Margaret Mary McBride. Last month the bishop of Phoenix publicly declared that Sister McBride, a sister of Mercy and the head of the ethics committee at a local Catholic hospital, had incurred an excommunication when she concurred with the hospitals' decision to abort the fetus of a gravely ill woman. The emotional furor following these actions was instigated and reported by Catholic and secular media outlets. The purpose of these few words is not to add to the accusations directed at the various people and offices involved in the case. Rather, my intent is to consider the moral (bioethical) and canonical (legal) complexities of cases of this nature, how to avoid confusion in the future and perhaps to prompt some second thoughts.
In the fall of 2009, a 27-year-old woman with four children was admitted to St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center in Phoenix, Ariz., because of her worsening symptoms of pulmonary hypertension. Knowing that she was about ten weeks pregnant, doctors advised her that the safest course was to terminate the pregnancy, but she rejected this proposal. The fact that she chose a Catholic hospital for treatment suggests that she did not want an abortion.
As the woman's condition deteriorated, a cardiac catherization revealed that she suffered from "very severe pulmonary arterial hypertension with profoundly reduced cardiac output" and "right heart failure" and "cardiogenic shock," according to report later compiled by the hospital's ethics committee. In other words, the medical staff believed that both mother and child would die if the present situation were allowed to continue. Thus, termination of the pregnancy was recommended and agreed to by the mother. Because of her serious condition, she could not be moved to another hospital.
The Moral Case
In accord with hospital policy, the case was referred to the ethics committee of the hospital. The Ethics and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Services (ERD) offer guidance for situations of this nature. Directive 45 states: "Abortion that is the directly intended termination of pregnancy before viability or the directly intended destruction of a viable fetus is never permitted. Every procedure whose sole immediate effect is the termination of pregnancy before viability is an abortion…." Abortion may not be performed as an end nor as a means. To put it another way, physicians cannot intentionally kill one person to save another.
On the other hand, Directive 47 states: "Operations, treatments and medications that have as their direct purpose the cure of proportionately serious pathological conditions of a pregnant woman are permitted when they cannot be safely postponed until the unborn child is viable even if they will result in the death of the unborn child." The most common example used to illustrate the meaning of this directive is the woman who is pregnant and is also diagnosed with cancer of the uterus. In order to preserve the woman's life, the gravid uterus may be removed even though the infant will die as a result of the surgery. This would constitute an indirect abortion because the purpose of the act would not be to kill the infant.
The case in Phoenix calls to mind a debate I participated in forty years ago regarding the proper treatment for preeclampsia in pregnant women. Church teaching said little on the subject; some ethicists held it was a direct abortion to evacuate the uterus. Ultimately it was decided that preeclampsia was a life-threatening infection of the endometrium and thus would justify evacuating the womb, even though the developing infant would die. In other words, we decided the recommended treatment was an indirect abortion.
Clearly the case in Phoenix also calls for the distinction between a direct and an indirect abortion. This is the question the ethics committee had to wrestle with. Even though it is clear the surgery is recommended in order to save the woman's life, would the surgeons be employing an evil means to achieve a good effect? I submit that there is a difficulty in identifying the cause of pulmonary hypertension in this case and thus a difficulty in identifying the pathological organ. In the case of cancer of the uterus, it is not difficult to identify the pathological organ. It is the uterus. However, the cause of pulmonary hypertension is not clearly known.
Federal laws limit what can be divulged in regard to deliberations concerning patient care, but in a report later made to the bishop of Phoenix, the hospital's ethics committee identified the pathological organ as the placenta. The placenta produces the hormones necessary to increase the blood volume in pregnant women; in this case, the additional volume put an intolerable strain on the woman's already weak heart. Since the placenta is located in the uterus, perhaps it would have been more accurate for the ethics committee to designate that organ as pathological and thus compel its removal. The committee might have also investigated more closely the work of the moral theologian Germain Grisez, who has argued that the principle of double effect applies to cases in which both mother and child would die if the infant is not delivered prematurely.
The committee should consider writing up this case for the future study of the Catholic bioethics community. There is nothing in the existing literature concerning treatment of pregnant women who suffer from acute pulmonary hypertension.
The Canonical Case
Sometime after the termination, word reached the bishop of Phoenix that an abortion had been performed a few months before in a Catholic hospital to save a woman's life. How exactly he learned the details of a private medical case are still unclear. The bishop interviewed the CEO of the hospital and Sister McBride of the ethics committee to ascertain whether she had approved the termination. Two weeks later, the bishop informed Sister McBride's religious superior that she had been excommunicated because she had approved a direct abortion. Canon 1398 in the Code of Canon Law states an automatic penalty of this nature: "A person who actually procures an abortion incurs a latae sententiae excommunication."
Yet questions remain. Did the bishop and his advisors clearly establish that a direct abortion had been performed? Did he or his advisors know the medical facts of the case or did they know about the pertinent canons of the church for penal sanctions? Many people acquiring canon law degrees are well trained in the sections of the code concerning marriage law, but seldom study in depth Section VII, Of Sanctions in the Church. I have been a canon lawyer for over 50 years and have to refresh myself on these canons whenever they are applicable.
Even if a direct abortion had been performed, the declaration that an automatic excommunication had been incurred is questionable. Canon 1321 states that the violation of the canon must be deliberate. Commentaries on this canon stress that the people concerned must knowingly and willingly violate the canon. Did the people involved in the Phoenix case, mother, ethics committee members, or medical personnel, act deliberately? Did they set out knowingly and willingly to violate Canon 1398? Or was their primary intention to save the woman's life? Moreover, if a penalty is truly incurred, several of the following canons recommend exemption from or mitigation of the penalty depending upon the psychological state of the persons involved. And as Pope John Paul II 's encyclical "The Gospel of Life" makes clear, few people "willingly and knowingly" procure an abortion (p.18). Finally, if a penalty has been imposed or declared, the person in question should be informed that an appeal is possible and that the penalty is automatically suspended while it is under appeal (c. 1353).
The ethical and canonical norms of the church are a safe guide for individuals facing the tangled dilemmas posed by modern society. But they are not known to all (per se nota). Research, consultation, discussion and patience are necessary to apply them well.
I am confused - you have some information about the precise procedures that were followed? According to the hospital statement, the mother and baby were near death and could not be moved, even to an operating room. About the only plausible scenario is that they did a suction abortion, which is quite consistent with the description as "removing a placenta which happened to have a baby attached." Unless the hospital is not telling the truth about the gravity of the mother's condition, the fact that the mother is alive argues that they got the placenta out post-haste. Unlike the typical childbirth, abortion or miscarriage situation where getting the baby out is Job One and the placenta can wait a bit, the only way to save this mother's life was to remove the placenta which was spewing out the hormones that were killing her.
Which is, of course, the precise argument. The baby was not killing the mother, the placenta was. The procedure that they were doing was directed at removing the placenta, and the death of the baby was an unfortunate, if completely foreseen, indirect effect. In the future, (especially if Obamacare is repealed) perhaps pharmaceutical researchers will develop some drug which will counteract these hormones that the placenta is secreting without having to disturb the baby.
You over-dramatise what is already a drama by saying the placenta (which, yes obviously, was removed) was "spewing out hormones" or "malfunctioning" (cf. your post @45). The pregnancy – for all we know – was normal but, as a result, the mother's life was at risk. The search here is not for a convenient form of words, and yours ("removing a placenta which happened to have a baby attached") is a grotesque distortion of reality.
In any event, since it would not have been licit to turn off a life-support machine "which happened to have a neo-nate attached", how can it be licit to remove a placenta with or without "a baby attached"? The ban on withdrawing nutrition and hydration from a patient in a permanent vegetative state is directly in point.
The giving and disposing of life belongs to God.
Abortion is never just about weighing medical options: all actors in the drama are scarred – even by becoming inured to it, whether by taking refuge in semantic quibbles or by any other means whatever; and society is scarred too (as the phrase "culture of death" tries to remind us: see Evangelium vitae, passim esp. at s.59).
It is because perception of the gravity of the evil has become obscured by wide-spread legalisation that abortion was made one of only seven delicts in the 1983 Code of Canon Law incurring excommunication latae sententiae.
That description - " the treatment necessary to save the mother's life required the termination of an 11-week pregnancy " - is a quite accurate description of removing the cancerous uterus of a pregnant woman, or removing a fallopian tube that contains an ectopically-implanted child. If you are claiming that the Church is wrong, and that removing a cancerous uterus or ectopic pregnancy is "not permitted under any circumstances", then that is a completely reasonable and consistent philosophical position, just not the position taken by the Church. You need to make very clear that you are defending your own beliefs, and that the Church believes differently.
'...it would not have been licit to turn off a life-support machine "which happened to have a neo-nate attached" '
If, for a moment, we constrain ourselves to considering only the life of the unborn child, allowing the mother to die is, in fact, almost indistinguishable from turning off a life-support machine which happened to have a patient attached to it. The only real differences are that the mother (aka the baby's life support) is an ADDITIONAL life terminated, and it would be more analogous to destroying the machine rather than turning it off (since a machine turned off can be turned back on.)
For some reason your mind appears to be blocked on the issue. I suggest you read or re-read the Church's teaching as succinctly presented, for example, in the USCCB ERD's (no. 45 concerns abortion, and no. 47 which does not concern abortion) and elucidated in the statement of 23 June 2010 by the USCCB's Committee on Doctrine.
Actually, Bsihop Olmsted's statement of 14 May 2010 is equally succinct and equally authentic a presentation of the Church's teaching. A much fuller account is given in the Encyclical of Pope John Paul II, Evangelium vitae (1995) at ss. 52-62.
The error is to think that because medical science gave the medical staff at St. Joeseph's a practical choice in this case, they were justified in exercising it (compelled, even, to exercise it) in favour of the mother by terminating the pregnancy. The Church's teaching, which I uphold, is that that choice is not for humans to make.
Nor is a negative choice (to allow the mother to die) indistinguishable from making a positive choice (to kill her). Standing by and allowing a life-support machine to run down (because of some irreparable mechanical defect, for example) is not the same as turning it off, even if the end result is the same - although separated (it may be) by minutes, or seconds.
The morality of an act cannot be defined merely by what the agent (perpetrator) says the intent was, or by what you speculate it might or could have been. It is not open to us as moral agents unilaterally to describe our acts in whatever way seems most convenient to avoid blame.
The principle of double effect is not about re-arranging the linguistic or even mental furniture: four conditions must be met, and the first is that the act, viewed in itself, must be morally good or (in a refinement of the principle) neutral.
The removal of the healthy placenta from a healthy pregnancy is not in and of itself a good (or neutral) act whereas the removal of a cancerous womb or a damaged fallopian tube is.
Abortion is defended by some on the grounds of "no intent to kill" the fetus. The spurious argument is that the intent is to empty the womb and what kills the expelled fetus (if unviable, and on the very large assumption that the fetus was not previously killed in utero) is medical science's inability to keep it alive.
Frankly, all such arguments are pernicious since they are destructive of all morality. The attempt to cloak such arguments under double effect merely demonstrates ignorance of the principle.
To deconstruct:
1) The removal of a placenta, healthy or unhealthy, whether the pregnancy is healthy or unhealthy, is always eventually a good act.
2) The removal of a cancerous womb is only a good act if the individual mother is genetically in danger from the particular cancer in her womb. If she is not, then said removal is not just an abortion but also a depraved mutilation of her body. Whether or not the cancer cells are dangerous to her is completely dependent upon those cells' action in other parts of her body outside of her uterus, since a uterus is not a vital organ.
3) If a placenta is secreting cells which will destroy an organ that the placenta needs to survive, then I vigorously dispute any assertion that the placenta is "healthy." That is closely analogous to the case of a cancerous uterus, which is diseased precisely because it will secrete cells into one or another vital organ, which will then be compromised in function enough to kill the body of the woman, and the cancer cells in the uterus will be killed along with the rest of the woman. Just because we don't understand the details of the mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension or pre-eclampsia as well as we understand the mechanisms of cancer doesn't mean that we don't understand the essentials of the disease process, and that those essentials are the same.
4) Suppose a woman with pulmonary hypertension has a spontaneous miscarriage not caused by anyone, or perhaps caused by the low oxygen levels which are the essential disease process of the pulmonary hypertension. The death of the baby will not save the mother's life - that only happens when the placenta stops secreting the hormones into her bloodstream that are causing her lungs to fail. Competent and responsible medical professionals will act with great haste to get the placenta out of her body, not waiting for the normal hours-often-days process of miscarriage to complete naturally. Looked at this way, it becomes quite clear that removing a "healthy" placenta from the body of a woman with pulmonary hypertension is in and of itself a good act.
5) Fallopian tubes with babies implanted in them ectopically are not removed when they are "damaged" - because if you wait that long mom is hemorrhaging, baby is dead, and it's too late to save either of them. Unless you go for a much lower standard of "damaged" - and in that case, a placenta which has had as its sole source of oxygen the lungs of a woman with pulmonary hypertension is certainly "damaged" too.
On order to determine whether the specific case in Phoenix in November was a direct abortion as Bishop Olmstead claims, or was an indirect abortion, as Sr. Margaret and the ethics committee ruled at the time, you have to compare the characteristics of the particular situation with the characteristics of the known examples. Starting from the conclusion that it was a direct abortion and then asserting that it therefore has characteristics that it does not have and does not have characteristics that it does have, and then going on to assert that the usual examples have characteristics that they do not have and do not have characteristics that they do have, is simply assuming your conclusion, and nonsense.
I would agree that it is difficult or impossible to argue that if it is permissible to remove a cancerous uterus from a pregnant woman, it is permissible to remove a placenta in the case of pulmonary hypertension. The embryo in the case of cancer of the uterus is, in a certain sense, irrelevant. The exact same surgery would be recommended for cancer of the uterus if there were no embryo present. The difference between a hysterectomy to remove a cancerous uterus from a woman without cancer and a woman with cancer is that the pregnant woman "happens to be pregnant."
However, ectopic pregnancy seems to me another matter entirely, and it does make sense to me to argue that if you can remove a fallopian tube in the case of ectopic pregnancy, you can remove a placenta in the case of life-threatening pulmonary hypertension. In the case of cancer of the uterus, the presence of the fetus is irrelevant when deciding on the treatment (hysterectomy), but in the case of ectopic pregnancy, it is the growing embryo that is the problem. You can't argue that in the absence of a growing embryo, the treatment for ectopic pregnancy would be the same. There would be no need for treatment.
My understanding is that the majority of Catholic ethicists agree that there is no need to wait until there is an immediate threat to the life of the mother to operate. So it would seem to me that there is a good argument that "removing a damaged fallopian tube" could be considered a polite fiction for "terminating a pregnancy." The "damaged" tube, in early ectopic pregnancy, does not need to be removed. The problem is not the tube. The problem is that the embryo is going to continue to grow. It is the embryo that is the problem, not the tube, especially in early ectopic pregnancy. It seems to me an even stronger case can be made that the placenta (not the embryo) was the problem in the Phoenix case than that the fallopian tube (not the implanted embryo) is the problem in the case of ectopic pregnancy, and particularly early ectopic pregnancy.
I came across this blog post regarding a 1902 decree from the Holy Office regarding ectopic pregnancy:
What I am trying to get at here is what is permissible and consistent within Catholic moral theology, and it seems to me that if we take the case of cancer of the uterus in a pregnant woman as the model of how double effect is applicable to pregnancy, then the Phoenix abortion was impermissible. However, if we take immediate salpingectomy in the case of even the earliest ectopic pregnancies as a model, then I do think a very strong case can be made that the Phoenix abortion was an "indirect abortion" and a licit intervention to save the life of the mother.
It troubles me that in discussing these kinds of matters, we often do not acknowledge that real lives of real women are at stake. Sister Margaret McBride made a life-or-death decision. Very likely, without the abortion in the Phoenix case, there would have been *two* deaths - the death of the mother and of the unborn infant. Even those who believe the Phoenix abortion was illicit, before condemning Sister Margaret McBride, should ask themselves what they would have done had they been in her place. Or better yet, all of the *men* should ask themselves what they would do if their wife (or daughter, or anyone they loved) were coping with a life-threatening pregnancy. We should also take note of the fact that Sister McBride was - I do not doubt - acting in good faith. She did not say, "This woman needs an abortion. What kind of verbal gymnastics can we come up with to justify it?"
Someone asked me what Jesus would have done in Sister McBride's case, and my response was, "Jesus was a Jew. He would have opted to save the life of the mother, since that has been the clear position of Judaism from time immemorial." Of course, in this case (and most others) the what-would-Jesus-do question is not really helpful. But it is helpful to remember that other religious traditions that value life just as highly as Catholicism would favor saving the life of the mother in a case like the one we are discussing.
I think you CAN make the same argument in the case of the pulmonary hypertension, by considering the case of the gravely ill mother who has just suffered a miscarriage. In that case, the mother is no longer pregnant, the placenta is still secreting lung-stimulating hormones for hours/days longer, and the mother is so gravely ill that those hormones may well kill her even over that short a time frame. So in that case the exact same procedure (getting the placenta out post-haste) would be recommended for the not-pregnant woman as was recommended for the pregnant one.
Taking a step backwards and looking at the moral calculus that the Church has constructed here, I have to judge that it is deficient because nowhere does it appear in the calculation whether actions taken or not taken to avoid harming the baby are futile. In the case of the cancerous uterus, the two courses of action are that the mother delays treatment of her cancer, at great peril to herself, in order to give the baby some probability of survival, or she goes ahead with an immediate hysterectomy. So, in this case the Church has said that a mother is not required to gravely endanger her life to save her child. But now, Bishop Olmstead has told us, a mother is required to lose her life (not just gravely endanger it) under circumstances where her child has 100% probability of ending up just as dead as if she had not sacrificed her life.
The concept of futility appears all over other places in Catholic medical ethics. For example, it is normally a grave evil to remove a feeding tube from a patient who cannot eat. However, some patients as they die undergo a progressive systematic collapse of various organ systems over a matter of days, and their digestive systems shut down while they are still alive. At that point such a patient can receive no benefit from the feeding tube, and pumping food in there just makes those final hours miserable. Or you have a patient who has massive head trauma satisfying the concept of "brain death" who is hooked up to "life support" machines which "breathe" for him, but he's still dead. In the case of a person whose digestive tract functions, it is immoral to remove the feeding tube. In the case of the patient who is still alive but needs the ventilator, it is immoral to remove it. Our ethical systems allow us to distinguish between utility and futility in those cases - why does this appear nowhere in the case of an unborn child who is doomed by the imminent death of his/her mother?
The discussion of what constitutes direct and indirect abortion is useful if it lends clarity to decisions, but as all the back and forth above (about licitly removing fallopian tubes versus illicitly removing placentas) makes clear, there's not much clarity here. At some point finetuning our thinking can begin to look like hair-splitting scrupulosity more worthy of the Pharissees than the Gospel.
The mom in Phoenix was 27 and had 4 kids. How old could the youngest be? Not very. Brain research in the last decade has shown dramatic neurological and developmental impact of early maternal attachment and caregiving. Losing one's primary caregiver as a young child can have life-altering psychological impact. (I know this from hard experience raising an adopted child with reactive attachment disorder.) It turns out that kids' brains are not nearly as resilient as once thought. Losing a mother is not something young kids just "get over." To consider the Phoenix abortion out of context of the many lives affected by the mother's death is, I think, an injustice to the other still-vulnerable and developing children in the family.
It seems to me the mother in Phoenix made a horrible and yet arguably responsible moral decision to stay alive to care for her other four children. It was highly unlikely that anyone could save the life of her unborn child, but there was a way to save the life of four children's mother and in the process, greatly increase the likelihood that those four children would thrive.
In the face of this very real effect on five lives, I think it trivializes human life to argue about the morality of indirectly killing a child (by allowing the mother to die) versus directly aborting the child. One undesired end-the unborn child died-was going to happen regardless of the means, so how is the child's life and dignity honored by quibbling over the "right" means by which s/he would die in the womb? If the unborn child were capable of conscience and moral choice, would s/he not choose to accept abortion, if that would save his/her mom and siblings, rather than to die with his/her mother?
The toughest moral choices in life are those where there really are no good options-something sacred is lost no matter what the decision. Moral, responsible people don't always get to opt out of making these grey and messy decisions. I am not saying that most abortion choices fall into this category, but this extreme case does seem to be one where the letter of the general law is not very helpful to specific decisions.
I think that Jesus would have cried for the unborn baby but shown compassion for the mother and her four young children so that they would have life and have it abundantly.
David, as for the analogy which has so exercised you, I can add nothing to the lengthy discussion of the medical and moral issues in the National Catholic Bioethics website (part of which is quoted in the website you yourself accessed: scroll down to the comment by James - i found the whole thread very informative, uplifting and challenging, especially the last few posts). Of course, you and Nancy Powers are right: this is not a "rules" game or a school debating contest; lives (and souls, may I add) were, are, and will continue to be at stake.
I would not want to end my contribution to this thread without expressing sympathy for all those involved at St. Joseph's Hospital in this case. Like David, I have never thought the administration or medical staff were blasé about what happened. Had they wanted to engage in "verbal gymnastics" they would have attempted (as they very pointedly did not) to paint the procedure as falling within ERD no. 47.
Also, I have no idea where people get the idea that Sr. McBride (who has been consistently and impressively silent) considered the abortion was "indirect". The indications rather suggest that she felt the case fell within duress of circumstances such as is covered by CCL can. 1324 §1, 5° (as in her reported question to Bishop Olmsted: "What would you have done?"). Fr. Thomas Doyle OP hastily toured some of the issues in an article in ncronline.org to which Dr. Ed Peters (the well-known and respected canonist) responded in his blog at http://canonlawblog.blogspot.com/
And so it goes. Many of us (me included) have surely enlarged our understanding of the theoretical issues surrounding the case (even if the details have remained obstinately obscure) and of the teaching of the Church, Mater et Magistra.
Deo gratias
The complications are: (a) uterine cancer, (b) PHT, and (c) tubal pregnancy (almost all ectopic pregnancies are tubal and discussion so far has been around tubal).
The first distinction I make is between (a) and (b) on the one hand [healthy, pregnancies occuring in a woman with an underlying medical condition not caused by the pregnancy, although the pregnancy can be a fatally aggravating condition], and (c) on the other [an abnormal and non-viable pregnancy which in itself is a pathological condition].
The second distinction is between (a) and (c) on the one hand [where medical intervention resolves and eliminates the threat to the life of the mother], and (b) [where the mother's PHT is neither cured nor mitigated by terminating the pregnancy; PHT is progressive and fatal if left untreated].
The third distinction arises within case (c) where various medical procedures exist, all of which resolve the underlying condition, but in different ways.
Since the procedure employed at St. Joseph's did not resolve or cure the mother's underlying PHT, it is unnecessary to explore the moral distinctions between the various procedures for correcting tubal pregnancies (the majority of which self-correct through spontaneous abortion).
Although it is irrelevant to my argument, your stumbling block, as I understand it, is that you consider one such procedure (salpingectomy, which the magisterium permits) to be indistinguishable from removing the placenta in a PHT case because (to paraphrase you) both offer life-support to the fetus. The comparison is false because the fallopian tube (unlike some other sites at which ectopic pregnancies occur) is biologically and structurally incapable of providing life-support for the embryo.
Contrariwise, the comparison is true precisely because the placenta in a woman with PHT is biologically incapable of providing life-support for the embryo. Because the placenta secretes hormones which cause the mother's lungs to be rendered incapable of delivering oxygen to the baby's bloodstream. The end result being that the placenta is unable to deliver oxygenated blood to the baby's blood vessels.
My remarks were an attempt to dismantle David's stumbling block. A placenta attached to the wall of the uterus is still a life-support system even if it is not functioning at full capacity; a fallopian tube is biologically and structurally not a viable alternative to the uterus, as we all know.
In a tubal pregnancy it is precisely the attempt of the trophoblastic cells to initiate a placenta which injures the wall of the tube. See the article taken from the NCBC website to which I referred David:-
" . . the trophoblastic cells (those cells which lead to the formation of the placenta and the chorionic and amniotic membranes), by exercising their proper function of establishing nutritional contact with the maternal tissue, injure the lining of the tube. The developing embryo rapidly erodes through the lining and grows into the adjacent layers of the tube (extra luminal growth). Eventually, this causes hemorrhaging and rupture of the tube."
It would seem easy enough to distinguish that case from a normally formed and functional placenta receiving even low levels of oxygen from the maternal blood supply. Since it would appear that the placenta is not fully integrated with the mother's circulatory system until completion of the first trimester, this part of Cathy F's argument is tenuous with reference to an 11 week-old fetus.
Because the placenta secretes hormones which cause the mother's lungs to be rendered incapable of delivering oxygen to the baby's bloodstream.
If the mother's blood is not oxygenated by the time it reaches the placenta, the mother, surely, is dead.
As we know, the three main interventions are: (i) salpingectomy – a surgical procedure already in use in the late 19th century – where the tube is cut away; (ii) salpingostomy, where a slit is made in the tube and the fetus pressed out; and (iii) administering methotrexate, a very recent medical procedure which detaches the fetus. "Fetus" here includes embryo or zygote.
The historical development demonstrates (a) an increase in medical efficiency and the progressive elimination of surgical trauma for the mother, and (b) the preservation of the mother's full fertility.
Medical science has not yet approached the stage of being able to transplant the fetus into the wall of the womb – and I do not know if it is even trying to reach that stage – but the historical trajectory so far is deliberately and consciously vicious (in a technical sense) with regard to the life of the fetus.
Since no other factors are involved in (iii) beyond elimination of the fetus, it is an abuse of language to say that its destruction is an unintended consequence of that procedure. The indications are that most moral theologians concede the licitness of (i) at an advanced stage of implantation into the tubal tissue (and certainly if there is haemorrhaging), but that there is less agreement on (ii).
I am not aware that the magisterium has pronounced on any of these procedures as such. See USCCB ERD's nos. 44-49.
I am still reading and pondering, but in the absence of any significant debate among moral theologians, medical ethicists, and canon lawyers, I am at somewhat of a loss to pursue this issue. I am still of the opinion that it is no more a false distinction to claim to target the placenta and not the embryo in the case of life-threatening pulmonary hypertension than it is to claim to target the fallopian tube and not the embryo in ectopic pregnancy.
It seems to me that contending that a "normal" pregnancy is taking place in a woman who will die as a result is a strange way to look at things. It assumes that a pregnancy is something that merely happens to a woman, like an infection, and her only involvement is passive. But of course a woman's body changes dramatically to create and sustain a pregnancy. So I see the point of Cathy F's analogy that an ectopic pregnancy is similar to a pregnancy in a woman suffering from pulmonary hypertension. In the case of ectopic pregnancy, the fallopian tube is incapable of sustaining a full-term pregnancy. I the case of pulmonary hypertension, the woman's circulatory system is incapable of sustaining a full-term pregnancy.
The irony that it is impossible to escape is that to do the "correct" thing according to Bishop Olmsted, in order to respect the inviolability of innocent human life, one must stand by and let not only that innocent life perish, but also the innocent life of the mother. It actually seems to me that this approach is not about the value of a human life, but about the command that no one has a right to take a human life. This would perhaps be easier to bear if there were not so many, many exceptions to the commandment against killing.
So my personal opinion is that it is hasty to say with any degree of certainty that Sister Margaret McBride and the ethics committee were wrong. What is going to determine whether or not they were wrong (within Catholic thought) is not the opinion of Bishop Olmsted, and not the document issued by the USCCB (which I still believe stops short of answering the question), but the collective opinion of moral theologians and medical ethicists who ponder the reasoning of the ethics committee and arrive at some degree of consensus. Even a solid minority, as I understand these things, would allow other ethics committees and individuals to make the same choice. I say this because the "official" position from Rome is still against intervening in an ectopic pregnancy, and yet the consensus is such among moral theologians and medical ethicists that intervention in ectopic pregnancy is now routinely given as one of the classic examples of the application of the principle of double effect. In 1902, this question was put to the Holy Office, ""Whether it is at any time permitted to extract from the womb of the mother ectopic fetuses still immature, when the sixth month after conception has not passed?" The reply was "in the negative." I don't believe there is any authoritative document from the Holy Office, or its successor, the CDF, that reverses or refines that opinion. It took thirty years until T. Lincoln Bouscaren viewed the issue from another perspective and came up with a life-saving rationale for justifying salpingectomy. I think we have to give Sister McBride and her ethics committee more than a few months before declaring them wrong.
As for your "abnormal pregnancy" argument, I am not sure that I introduced into my argument any unqualified claim that we are dealing with a "normal pregnancy". I wrote about a normally functioning placenta, and about a healthy pregnancy (in the sense that the fetus is healthy) which progressively aggravates an underlying pathological condition of the mother. In a very true sense, it is because the pregnancy is normal that there is a threat to the mother's life. An ailing fetus or a malfunctioning placenta would not pose such a threat. The idea that a pregnancy cannot be healthy if (whatever the condition of the fetus) if it threatens the mother's life, is just another way of assuming that a pregnancy - in the very early stages, let us assume - is all about the mother's health.
I thank God I am not in any position to decide such matters. But medical prognoses are notoriously pessimistic, and although I have seen it written that in this case the mother was almost 100% certain to die without surgical intervention to abort, we will probably never know if that was the actual prognosis, and will certainly never know if it was correct.
Turning to your last paragraph, I will add that Catholic moral theologians and Catholic ethicists will necessarily have to qualify any opinion (and that is the limit of their work, for it is not they who decide anything relating to faith and morals) by using qualifiers such as Germain Grisez employed when offering his opinion about the liceity of fetal craniotomy (Living a Christian Life, chapter 8, footnote 85 - a work you cited in another thread in America):-
"If the analysis proposed here should lead in practice to a judgment in conflict with the Church's teaching, I would follow and urge others to follow the Church's teaching. If the teaching is open to refinements in respect of its application, these must be completed by the magisterium."
In the case of cancer of the uterus, the "underlying condition" that is removed by a hysterectomy is cancer. That is clear. But in the case of an ectopic pregnancy, the "underlying condition" that is removed would seem to be the pregnancy itself. If it is credible that in the case of ectopic pregnancy, a salpingectomy is merely the removal of a damaged tube that unfortunately happens to contain an embryo, the in seems credible to me that in the case of pulmonary hypertension, a procedure can be performed to remove the placenta that is secreting hormones damaging to the mother but which just happens to be vital to the survival of the embryo (as the fallopian tube is vital to the life of the embryo in an ectopic pregnancy). We're probably never going to agree on that, however.
I have come across an argument that I find interesting that challenges the reasoning of permitting a salpingectomy in the case of ectopic pregnancy. The salpingectomy is allegedly to remove a damaged tube, not to remove the growing embryo. However, a current treatment for ectopic pregnancy is to administer the drug methotrexate, which kills the growing embryo. When this treatment is used, there is no need to remove the damaged tube. So the question arises as to whether the tube is so damaged that it needs to be removed. Yes, if an ectopic pregnancy continues to the point where the tube ruptures, the life of the mother is in immediate danger. However, at the time when ectopic pregnancy is treated by salpingectomy, the danger to the mother lies sometime in the future. So one might very well raise the question as to whether a salpingectomy to prevent a future threat to the life of the mother is not really the termination of a pregnancy rather than the removal of a damaged tube. Also, according to Wikipedia, "If left untreated, about half of ectopic pregnancies will resolve without treatment." So performing a salpingectomy immediately upon diagnosing an ectopic pregnancy might be thought of as killing an embryo when there is a 50-50 chance that if left alone, no intervention would be necessary.
You seem to be assuming that in order to be licit, medical intervention on behalf of the pregnant woman that is going to harm the fetus must cure the pregnant woman of some condition. I do not understand why this should be so. Suppose there were a drug that produced dramatic improvements in pulmonary hypertension but did not cure it. Suppose that the drug was free of side effects in all cases, except in pregnancy, in which it was fatal to a developing fetus. I do not see any problem at all with administering such a drug to a pregnant woman near death from pulmonary hypertension, even though the embryo would die and the woman would continue to suffer from pulmonary hypertension. One would not (I hope) expect a pregnant woman to refuse lifesaving treatment during pregnancy that would be utterly uncontroversial if she were not pregnant.
Let me make it clear that I absolutely support intervening at the earliest possible stage of an ectopic pregnancy to ward of risk to the mother. I am giving the counterarguments to the current majority Catholic position because I believe criticism of the arguments by Sister McBride and the Phoenix ethics committee are also criticisms of the currently approved approach to salpingectomy in the case of ectopic pregnancy. I think the two cases stand or fall together, and I believe they both stand.
I have always been pro-life, but the actions of this bishop disgust me. This woman of God who struggled with a horrible decision, (one which I would never want to make), decided along with the rest of the ethics committee to have the fetus aborted in order to save the mother's life. For that, she was excommunicated immediately.
May I ask this question - what about all the priests who molested little children and were moved from one place to another, not turned over to authorities to be punished by the law, not defrocked nor excommunicated. Are they still doing it? Are they still being protected by the Catholic church? What for - money, to save face in front of all their parishioners, to save their "holy" priests? Where is the Pope??? He has not acted decisively nor righteously with these perverts who committed these evil acts. The compassion he has shown for the victims has been too little too late. What a cover-up!!!!!!!!!
I took the RCIA class and was confirmed in the Catholic church in April of this year, and I think I made a huge mistake. I cannot support a church that would cruciify a nun for what she felt was the necessary, compassionate thing to do, and yet give out free cards to those degenerate priests.
In this case, we have two innocent human beings who are dead. One of them was a 27 year old woman with 4 children. While the Church does not promote proportionalism, there are many complex cases where the good must be weighted against the bad. It was not doing an evil (teminating the pregnancy) in order to cause a good to happen (saving the life of the mother). This was a case of doing a good (saving the life of the mother) that caused an evil (the termination of a pregnancy). The alternative was to do nothing that would have been dilberating committing a greater evil of allowing two human beings to die unnecessarily and irresponsibly! Who among us would make such a decision and not be haunted by their consciences for the rest of their life? All other Christian religions and most non-Christian permit abortion to save the life of the mother.
Where is our common sense?
We are getting hung up with definitions and doctrinal principles and canon law that are taken to be infallible and under all circumstances not reformable and absolute. Even Acquinas believed that certain first principles of natural law are always true, but that secondary conclusions under certain circumstances can change (e.g., killing another human being in self defense).
While the Church does not promote proportionalism, there are many complex cases where the good must be weighted against the bad. It was not doing an evil (teminating the pregnancy) in order to cause a good to happen (saving the life of the mother). This was a case of doing a good (saving the life of the mother) that caused an evil (the termination of a pregnancy). The alternative was to do nothing that would have been dilberating committing a greater evil of allowing two human beings to die unnecessarily and irresponsibly! Who among us would make such a decision and not be haunted by their consciences for the rest of their life? All other Christian religions and most non-Christian permit abortion to save the life of the mother.
Where is our common sense?
In Exodus there is a verse that very clearly addresses this situtation.
Two men are fighting. They hit a woman who is pregnant and she either delivers early or loses the baby. The men are not killed for this - remember - murder was punishable by death. Instead, they pay a price to the husband as the judges decide. In other words, the husband can say, 'My child is worth three lambs and two goats from each of you.'
However, if the there is injury - and who was the one hit? The woman! and she dies, then they're stoned to death.
Again, children were very important in those days and the infant mortality rate was very high. Yet, an unborn child WAS NOT CONSIDERED ALIVE!


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ev4n holt & Thelonious Martin - In the City
On '71 single Inner City Blues (Make Me Wanna Holler), Marvin Gaye lamented that political corruption, economic stratification and trigger-happy police had turned urbanites' everyday lives into a series of "hang-ups, letdowns, bad breaks [and] setbacks." Forty-plus years later, ain't a damn thing changed—except that the aforementioned issues have grown even more pronounced. In the City, Atlanta-based rhymesayer ev4n holt and East Coast beatsmith Thelonious Martin's latest collaborative single, offers a hip-hop-infused update on the aforementioned soul classic's message. Backed by his partner's throwback samples, holt harks back to his formative years in the streets of San Diego, vividly depicting the atmosphere of struggle and desperation amid which he came up. This dope, lyrically on-point selection is just one of many quality cuts to be found on Martin and holt's The Temptations LP, dropping digitally in the near future.


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Lyle Bauer was named today as president and COO of the Calgary Stampeders.
The former biz wiz of the CFL's Winnipeg Blue Bombers takes over the position held last season by Scott Ackles, who left last month to head up the 2010 Grey Cup festivities in Vancouver.
Bauer will be in charge of business operations, while GM/head coach John Hufnagel will be boss of daily football duties.
"Over the years, I have been able to watch the commitment this ownership group has demonstrated to ensure the viability of this organization for the city, their fans, staff and players," Bauer said. "They have also demonstrated the commitment to acquire the best talent on and off the field and understand the required investment to be a premier franchise in the Canadian Football League."


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You wouldn't want to upset beefy Forest Gym duo Dave Webb and John Burrows, who have both become World Powerlifting champions in their class.
They both lifted staggering weights to clinch the WPF titles at Aldershot.
Webb, 54, from Southgate West revealed: "I train three times a week at the gym in Tilgate Forst for two hours and have been training for 35 years.
"Next year I hope to compete at the Worlds again which will be held in Chicago and then the Europeans which will be held back here in Aldershot."
Powerlifting comprises of squat, benchpress and dead lift.
He competed in the over-50s masters with 75kg bodyweight class. He squatted 175kg, benchpressed a British record 132.5kg and broke another British record to deadlift 215kg.
Dave finished a remarkable 30kg ahead of his nearest rival, from Poland and beat a field of more than 250 competitors.
Incredibly this is the fourth time he has won the World title, having been previously successful in 2002, 2003 and 2010.
Webb works as a metal polisher at Steck Depositors in Pease Pottage.
Borrows competed in the over-40s masters with 82.5kg bodyweight class. He squatted 210kg, benchpressed 180kg and deadlifted 215kg to narrowly beating his opposition by just 2.5kg.
John, 42, from Pound Hill was making his World Championship debut having been runner-up this year at the British Championships. He works as a site manager in the building trade.


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Molina Healthcare Inc. (NYSE:MOH) filed Annual Report for the period ended 2011-12-31.
Molina Hlthcr has a market cap of $1.59 billion; its shares were traded at around $33.96 with a P/E ratio of 20.7 and P/S ratio of 0.3. Molina Hlthcr had an annual average earning growth of 8.7% over the past 10 years.
Highlight of Business Operations:Our Health Plans segment derives its revenue, in the form of premiums, chiefly from Medicaid contracts with the states in which our health plans operate. Premium revenue is fixed in advance of the periods covered and, except as described in Critical Accounting Policies below, is not generally subject to significant accounting estimates. For the year ended December 31, 2011, we received approximately 94% of our premium revenue as a fixed amount per member per month, or PMPM, pursuant to our Medicaid contracts with state agencies, our Medicare contracts with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, and our contracts with other managed care organizations for which we operate as a subcontractor. These premium revenues are recognized in the month that members are entitled to receive health care services. The state Medicaid programs and the federal Medicare program periodically adjust premium rates.
For the year ended December 31, 2011, we received approximately 6% of our premium revenue in the form of birth income a one-time payment for the delivery of a child from the Medicaid programs in all of our state health plans except New Mexico. Such payments are recognized as revenue in the month the birth occurs.
In the year ended December 31, 2011, compared with the year ended December 31, 2010, premium revenue increased 15.4% due to a membership increase of approximately 8.4% (on a member-month basis), and PMPM revenue increase of approximately 6.4%. Premium revenues were impacted by the following in 2011:
The medical care ratio of the California health plan increased to 85.8% for the year ended December 31, 2011, from 83.5% for the year ended December 31, 2010. The California health plan received premium reductions of approximately 3% and 1% effective July 1, 2011, and October 1, 2011, respectively. In the second half of 2011, the California health plan added approximately 14,500 new ABD members with average premium revenue of approximately $385 PMPM.
In the year ended December 31, 2010, compared with the year ended December 31, 2009, premium revenue increased 9.0% due to a membership increase of approximately 10.9% (on a member-month basis). On a PMPM basis, however, consolidated premium revenue decreased 2.1% because of declines in premium rates. The decrease in PMPM revenue was due to the transfer of the pharmacy benefit to the state fee-for-service programs in Ohio (effective February 1, 2010) and Missouri (effective October 1, 2009). Exclusive of the transfer of the pharmacy benefit in Ohio and Missouri, Medicaid premium revenue PMPM increased approximately 1.5% over the year ended December 31, 2009. Medicare enrollment exceeded 24,000 members at December 31, 2010, and Medicare premium revenue was $265.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, compared with $135.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2009.
Read the The complete Report


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Cheese Spreader (Set of 4)
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Serve brie, pate', and other soft foods with this novelty Cheese Spreader set. The resin-cast handles sport cheese, brie and wine motifs, with colored details that add some whimsy. The four-piece set comes in a decorative box with a clear vinyl lid. The knives are stainless steel and hand washing is recommended. The Cheese Spreader set is great for parties, holiday gatherings or even picnics. The short handles are comfortable to use, unlike more unwieldy butter knives, plus they make a great decorative element on your table.
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- Cheese Spreader Features
- Set of four.
- Varying lengths from 4.5 - 4.75 inches.
- Cast resin handles are whimsically painted.
- Novelty handles include: wine barrels, a wine bottle, and two different cheese displays.
- Great for serving jams, condiments, brie, other soft cheeses, and pate's.
- Display on sandwich trays, buffets, party trays, etc.
- Hand washing is recommended.
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The morning after the night before didn't soften Craig MacTavish's stance on the blown call by referee Mick McGeough that cost the Edmonton Oilers at least a point in Friday's 3-2 loss to the Dallas Stars.
While MacTavish's comments resulted in a $10,000 fine from the NHL head office yesterday afternoon, MacTavish wasn't of the mind in the morning to back-off his criticism of the official in question -- much of it stinging and personal.
"You know what I'm like. I'm honest," MacTavish said after the Oilers skated at Bill Hunter Arena.
"I think the situation and the circumstance was fairly self-evident. I said what I said because of the way I felt. I still feel that way. I don't have too many regrets. I'm not trying to candy-coat anything."
MacTavish's post-game comments Friday included:
-- "I can't help but think, it's a product of his feeling like he's the show out there."
-- "There were 17,000 other people who wondered why Mick McGeough was having a spastic attack down there in that end."
-- "We lost a lot because of bizarre Mick McGeough making a retarded call."
NHL disciplinarian Colin Campbell acknowledged McGeough's mistake in a call to GM Kevin Lowe after the game and did so again yesterday, but still slapped MacTavish with the fine.
As for McGeough, a senior referee who worked the Stanley Cup final between the Oilers and Carolina last spring, any discipline he might receive will be meted out behind closed doors, as has always been the case. Most often, it's a reprimand that results in an official not working the playoffs, which is considered a plum job.
"The NHL acknowledges the fact that referee Mick McGeough made the wrong call on a play late in the game, which he later admitted to the media following the game," Campbell said in a prepared statement.
"While the NHL regrets the missed call, Craig MacTavish's comments after the game regarding the call were totally inappropriate and crossed the line."
MacTavish says it's time to move on.
"I respect the fact he admitted his mistake and was fairly apologetic about it," MacTavish said of McGeough. "We're moving on. There's no satisfaction in dwelling on it."


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Asked what reorganization he was referring to, Meyocks said, "I'm sure something's going to be done.''A slew of options have been discussed, including the hiring of some unknown individual from a Japanese banking company. Also, the board has discussed having two of its members with longtime financial expertise -- C. Steven Duncker and Peter Karches -- assume more of a day-to-day role in NYRA's operations. NYRA leaders, including chairman Barry Schwartz, Duncker and Karches, have not returned repeated calls for comment this week.It is unclear how Byrne's hiring fits into the strategy being mapped out at this week's NYRA meeting since his application for licensure came into the state racing board on September 17.
The New York Racing Association, poised to make major reorganizational changes in a bid to keep its racing franchise intact, has hired a new high-level executive to oversee its much-criticized finances.Little is known about J. William Byrne, 55, who has been hired as NYRA's new chief financial officer. He quietly applied last week to the state Racing and Wagering Board, which is now processing his background check before deciding whether to grant him a state license to stay in the job. The board, according to spokeswoman Stacy Clifford, has granted Byrne a temporary certification while a routine State Police background check is done. He replaces Alex Ingle, who left NYRA at least a year ago.Kenny Juarez, a NYRA spokesman, declined comment on Byrne's hiring.NYRA's finances have been the subject of growing scrutiny from state and federal auditors and prosecutors. NYRA has meet this week with the U.S. attorney's office in Brooklyn, which has been weighing whether to indict NYRA or any of its officers in connection with charges of widespread fiscal mismanagement and fraud.NYRA trustees held a closed-door meeting Wednesday to discuss its future. On the table, sources said, was a discussion to move NYRA President Terry Meyocks, the subject of intense criticism by state officials, into a new role dedicated almost exclusively to racing issues. A new individual would then be brought in to take over the operational side. Meyocks Friday night would not comment on Byrne or any other matters at NYRA. "Stay tuned,'' he said."Other than my family, the success of NYRA is the most important thing for me. If this reorganization in any way will strengthen and enhance NYRA then that's what should be done,'' Meyocks said.


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A lovely little architectural radio show made at KALW in San Francisco.
Architecture on the radio in the U.
Originally presented by Alan Saunders, this magazine programme interviews people about all things design on Radio National Australia.
From KCRW Radio in Los Angeles.
Good Morning Architecture, An Italian-based architecture radio show.
"The Plan is a new design talk show on Radio Adelaide 101.
Stuart Harrison, Simon Knott, and Christine Phillips bring you a weekly dose of architecture on the radio, as they have been doing since 2004.


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Tag Archives: royal charter
OPINION: concerns over press freedom
So the day has come- we journalists are going to be regulated. It was reported today that the three main political parties have come to an agreement on a new independent press regulation regime set up by royal charter. The … Continue reading
Posted in Current Affairs, Internet, Journalism, Law, Opinion, Politics, The Changing Media Tagged david cameron, freedom of press, hayley parr, Journalism, journalists, leveson, leveson report, mp, newspapers, phone hacking, press, royal charter, scandal, tabloid, uk press Leave a comment


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Today's blog comes to us from Te House of Tea owner Connie Lacobie in advance of our tea-themed LaB 5555 this Friday, Feb. 8, featuring musical guests The Tontons! Steep yourself in the culture of tea from 7 to 8 p.m. before you hit the dance floor by reserving tickets here. Tea was first discovered […]
Etymology meets entomology at this Friday's LaB 5555: The Bee's Knees. Many etymologists speculate that the expression "the bee's knees" originated as an abbreviation of the British expression "the be-all and end-all." This was shortened to "The B's and E's" and ultimately slurred together into the unlikely expression "the bee's knees." Nifty, huh? However the […]
Cryology: It's not the study of what makes you cry (answer: Sarah McLaughlin for SPCA, wild animals reuniting with previous owners), it's actually the study of freezing, and we're delving into it this Friday Night at HMNS' second LaB 5555. Join HMNS Educational Program Coordinator Carolyn Leap in the Grand Hall from 8 to 9 […]
Need to find a happening spot this Friday night? It's time for one of the last smokin' Mixers of the summer. Don't miss Yvonne Washington and the Mix as they bring their spectacular jazz show to the museum. Listen and dance as they soothe your soul with a slow jazz ballad or get your […]
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