text:
|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|31 Ago 1976
|Fecha de presentación
|28 May 1975
|Fecha de prioridad
|28 May 1975
|Número de publicación
|Samuel Laurence Forusz, William Frank Vinczi, Milton Ralph Cross
|Cesionario original
|Johnson & Johnson
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (7), Citada por (49), Clasificaciones (13)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
This invention relates to cold pack devices. More specifically, this invention relates to cold pack devices which can be utilized for treating injury and reducing pain.
The treatment of injury by the application of cold pack devices is known as cryotherapy or cold treatment. For many years, physicians, trainers and coaches of athletic teams have utilized the application of cold to treat sprains or fractures. It is also well known that cold is an effective medical treatment for other medical problems as well. Cold is also used to slow bleeding, for example, nosebleeds and the like, to reduce the pain and swelling of wounds, to slow the absorption of snake bite poisons by reducing the blood flow in the bite area and for other medical applications.
When an injury occurs, the blood vessels in the area dilate and release fluid into the injured tissue, thus causing swelling and pain. This swelling is due to damage of the capillary wall which results in seepage of fluid to the injury site. Reducing the circulation in the area by application of cold reduces the accumulation of fluid and thereby minimizes the swelling in the area. In the management of injuries the prevention of swelling is desirable. The early application of a cold pack device to the injured area constricts the blood vessels and reduces the loss of fluid into the injured area. Thus, while cold therapy reduces the circulation to the site of injury, it is only for a relatively short period of time. It prevents the swelling which would prolong the period of disability and thus retard healing.
Cold also relieves the pain of an injury by desensitizing nerve endings. When cold is first applied to an affected area, there is a gradual onset of numbness produced by a slowing of the sensory conduction. Then there is an inhibition of all sensory perception of the area, including pain. The application of cold to an injured surface also helps to stop bleeding. For example, cold is effective in reducing the disabling effects of bruises and sprains. It slows the leakage of blood by reducing the blood flow to the area and therefore from ruptured capillaries. The black-and-blue discoloration of the skin is due to a leakage of blood from ruptured blood vessels. By applying a source of cold to the injured area, the temperature of the skin drops and the blood vessels constrict. This helps to promote the clotting of the ruptured capillaries, thereby reducing local blood loss and swelling.
In the early treatment of first or second degree burns, the application of cold will again slow the blood flow and thereby reduce the massive swelling which usually accompanies burns.
Thus, it is well known that the prompt and efficient medical application of cold has desirable medical advantages. The old and long-accepted medical method of supplying needed cold was to fill a rubber bag with ice, wrap the icebag with a towel, and apply it to the area of injury. This method, although effective, often takes considerable time and is obviously impossible at the scene of an accident, on an athletic field, or in a first-aid station or hospital emergency department.
To eliminate inconvenience and to facilitate the use of cold, various disposable cold pack devices that require no refrigeration have been developed and made commercially available. These devices generally consist of chemicals in a plastic bag containing two or more compartments in order to keep the chemicals separated until actuation is desired. The "instant ice pack," as these devices are sometimes referred to, are initiated by rupturing or removing the separating means to produce an endothermic reaction, that is, as a result of the chemical reaction, cold is produced by the absorption of heat from the surroundings. These devices in many cases have various negatives which reduce their effectiveness and, therefore, their desirability. For example, some of these cold pack devices contain materials which do not have negative heats of reaction sufficient to result in a final temperature within the optimum therapeutic range, i.e., 30°-45°F. Temperatures below 30°F. may be desirable for certain applications. Other cold pack devices have undesirable slow activation times while still others present cost problems or problems at shipping or storage temperatures. One of the most significant shortcomings of the prior products has been the inability of such cold pack devices to produce or maintain the desired effective temperature over a sustained period of time. Still another significant shortcoming of the presently available cold packs is that such products when activated at higher ambient temperatures, i.e., 90° to 100°F., do not drop to the desired therapeutic temperature range.
Typical attempts of the prior art to form a desirable cold pack device include U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,898,744 and 3,058,313. U.S. Pat. No. 2,898,744 discloses chemical freezing packages which consist of chemicals such as sodium acetate, ammonium chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium thiosulfate, potassium iodide, calcium chloride, and ammonium nitrate which upon the addition of water result in a marked reduction of temperature.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,058,313 discloses a cooling pack comprising a crystalline form of a chemical reagent in admixture or contact with a dry form of a chemical. The dry form of chemical is said to be ammonium nitrate (NH4 NO3) and the crystalline reagent is said to be sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na2 CO3 . 10H2 O) or a similar chemical reagent. It is further indicated that the water of crystallization is sufficient to cause the necessary freezing reaction although additional water may be added if desired.
Cold pack devices prepared in accordance with the above and other similar teachings do not result in completely satisfactory products as previously discussed. For example, such products do not have the desired fast activation and long duration of cold and, furthermore, many of these formulations do not have a reusability feature.
For the purposes of this invention, the term "fast activation" is defined as the rapid drop in temperature of the cold pack device after it has been activated. The optimum standards set for fast activation for the purposes of this invention are that three minutes after activation the cold pack should fall to or below about 10°F. when activated at 40°F; to about 45°F. or below when activated at 70°F. or higher.
The term "duration of cold" as used in describing the present invention shall mean the length of time the activated cold pack remains at or below 45°F. The term "reusability" as used hereinafter shall mean that a cold pack device does not freeze solid but remains conformable and available for immediate use when placed in a freezer or other similar temperature regulating apparatus at 0°F. for 24 hours after the cold pack device has been activated and the endothermic reaction has ceased.
It is, therefore, a general object of the present invention to provide a cold pack device which overcomes the above-discussed negatives of such products that have previously been available to the consumer.
It is another object to provide a cold pack device which features fast activation and long duration of cold regardless of the initial activation temperature.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a cold pack device which has reusability aspects.
It is a still further object to provide a cold pack device which when activated at elevated temperatures, e.g., 90° to 100°F, will reduce the temperature to the desired therapeutic range.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the following description.
The foregoing objects and other features and advantages of the present invention are achieved by a cold pack device comprising a specific anhydrous salt, a specific salt hydrate and a specific water miscible organic liquid which, if desired, may be admixed with water to form an aqueous solution. When these components are mixed together after initially being separated by suitable packaging, an endothermic reaction occurs resulting in a rapid lowering of the temperature of the mixture. The mixtures of the present invention will not freeze solid when placed in a freezer compartment or atmosphere after the initial reaction has been completed and thus can be reutilized to provide an additional application of cold, as required.
The cold pack devices of the present invention can be packaged utilizing any package which will allow the solid components, i.e., anhydrous salts and salt hydrates, and the liquid components, i.e., water miscible organic liquid and water, to be separated from each other prior to use and while in storage and yet be readily admixable when activated. While many packaging systems for accomplishing this result will occur to one skilled in the art, one such system comprises in its simplest form a sealed, rectangular envelope of a flexible, thin material such as, for example, polyethylene, said envelope being divided into two chambers by a separation means extending transversely across the envelope. The separation means should be one which will keep the chambers separated prior to use, but which can be removed as a barrier to flow between the chambers when the system is activated. Several such separation means are known in the art, one of which being described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,601,568, issued on June 24, 1952, to P. Sussenbach et al. and incorporated herein by reference. This patent describes an elongated clamping bar having a U-shaped cross-section and a core rod co-extensive with the clamping bar which is designed to be engaged within the U-shaped cross-section.
The clamping bar is disposed transversely on the exterior of one major surface of the envelope and the core rod is disposed on the exterior of the other major surface to provide the two chambers. The core rod is inserted into the U-shaped cross-sectional clamp bar, pinching the envelope material therebetween and dividing the envelope into two chambers sealed from each other. This seal may be easily broken during use by simply separating the clamping bar from the core rod. Generally, it is contemplated that each of the two so-formed chambers will contain one of the two solid components of the cooling system of this invention. The liquid components, i.e., the water miscible organic liquid and, if desired, water can be contained in a flexible liquid-impervious bag which may be disposed in either of the two chambers. This bag may have at least a portion of its wall weakened in some manner so as to fail and release the liquid upon application of pressure on the external surface of the envelope when the bag is disposed therein. Such weakening can also be accomplished by simply providing, for the walls of the bag, a material which is of thinner gauge than that of the outer envelope, so that a blow or pressure delivered on the external surface of the envelope will preferentially cause the inner bag to rupture. Alternatively, the bag may be provided with perforations cut partially into the walls which will completely rupture upon the application of pressure. Still another possibility is a combination of thin walls and perforations as can be accomplished by providing the bag with walls formed from a laminate of thin gauge material and a stronger material which has perforations therethrough.
In use, it is contemplated that the inner bag will first be broken by the application of pressure on the exterior of the envelope, thus allowing the liquid component to admix with the one solid component contained in that chamber of the envelope in which the bag is disposed. Thereafter, the seal between chambers is broken by removing the core rod from the clamping bar and accordingly, all the components can be admixed to produce the desired endothermic reaction taught herein resulting in the availability of the desired cold effect.
Other packaging systems which may be utilized for the cold pack compositions of the present invention include a package comprising a bag of a suitable material, e.g., polyethylene, divided into two or more compartments, said compartments separated by means of an internal adhesive, heat, or other rupturable seal. When activation of the cold pack device is desired, the rupturable seal is ruptured thereby permitting the components to come into contact with one another resulting in the desired endothermic reaction.
The anhydrous salts which are useful in the present invention include ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride and the like. Ammonium nitrate is the preferred anhydrous salt from the point of view of effectiveness and cost.
The salt hyrates which are useful in the present invention include sodium acetate trihydrate, sodium carbonate decahydrate, sodium sulfate decahydrate, sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate, sodium phosphate dodecahydrate and the like. The preferred salt hydrate is sodium acetate trihydrate because of its ready availability and its high temperature stability which is a desired shipping and storage advantage.
The water miscible organic liquids which are useful in the present invention are the alkylene glycols containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethylene glycol which is the preferred water miscible organic liquid.
The water miscible organic liquid can be utilized alone or in admixture with a suitable amount of water. It has surprisingly been found that the water miscible organic liquid either alone or admixed with water is a coreactant with the salt in the reaction with the salt hydrate to generate the desired cold. The water miscible organic liquid also provides a reusability feature to the cold pack device by preventing freezing when said device is placed in a freezer apparatus maintained at a temperature of freezing or below. It has further been found that by varying the proportions of the water miscible organic liquid and the water that activation of the cold pack device below 32°F. can be ensured.
A dye indicator can be added to the water miscible organic liquid or the aqueous solution thereof in order to serve as an indicator of the desired complete mixing of the components. If desired, a suitable flow agent or anti-caking agent can be added to the salt hydrate to prevent caking and to facilitate the easy and complete mixing of the components. Suitable flow or anti-caking agents include tricalcium phosphate, silica powders and the like.
The ratios of the anhydrous salt and salt hydrates and water miscible organic liquid utilized in the present invention can be varied with somewhat different results depending on the ratio. These ratios can be easily determined by simple experimentation for each desired system of salt and salt hydrate. For example, in the system comprising sodium acetate trihydrate and ammonium nitrate, it has been found that the best results are obtained when the two salt components are present in a ratio of about 1:1 with respect to each other. It has, however, been determined that effective cold pack devices can be prepared wherein the sodium acetate trihydrate and ammonium nitrate are each present in a range of from about 16 to 64% weight by weight of the total composition. It has also been found that at least 10% by weight of the total composition of the water miscible organic liquid is necessary in order to achieve the desired results of the present invention.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are illustrated by the following examples. It will be understood, however, that the invention is not confined to the specific limitations set forth in the individual examples, but rather to the scope of the appended claims.
The following compositions are prepared by admixing the components in closed containers equipped with a copper/constantin thermocouple temperature probe manufactured by Bailey Instruments Company, Inc. All weights are in grams.
______________________________________Ex. NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3 Na C.sub.2 H.sub.3 O.sub.2.3H.sub.2 O H.sub.2 O Ethylene Glycol______________________________________1 200 -- 200 --2 200 200 -- --3 200 200 100 --4 200 200 -- 1005 200 200 50 50______________________________________
The closed containers are placed on insulating foam to prevent heat transfer and the area is free from drafts or other outside temperature interference factors. The timing of the chemical reaction starts when the components have all been added to the closed containers and the temperature is recorded at frequent intervals. A temperature reading is taken at three minutes to determine whether the composition has a fast activation characteristic, the lowest temperature is noted and the time duration that the composition remains below 45°F. is noted as well as whether the composition has a reusability feature. The results are shown in Table I as follows.
Table I______________________________________ Time (Minutes) Temp. °F. at Lowest Temp. Below ReusabilityEx. 3 Minutes Temp. °F. 45°F. Feature______________________________________1 30 27 86 No2 70 34 215 No3 21 14 176 No4 45 27 150 Yes5 25 18 150 Yes______________________________________
The only compositions that satisfy the desired cold pack device requirements of fast activation, long duration and reusability as previously defined are the compositions of the present invention as embodied in Examples 4 and 5. In each of the other compositions, one or more of the requirements of a desirable product are not achieved, e.g., the composition of Example 1 does not provide long duration of cold or reusability; the composition of Example 2 does not provide fast activation or reusability; and the composition of Example 3 does not provide reusability.
83.5 Grams of sodium acetate trihydrate and 25.5 grams of ethylene glycol are mixed and agitated for 15 seconds in a glass jar equipped as in Examples 1-5. The temperatures of each component prior to mixing and agitation and the temperature of the mixture after agitation are recorded as follows:
Temperature (°F.) of NaC2 H3 O2.3H2 O before mixing -- 73
Temperature (°F.) of ethylene glycol before mixing -- 73
Temperature (°F.) of mixture after agitation -- 54.
This indicates that the water miscible organic liquid, e.g., ethylene glycol, enters into an endothermic reaction with the salt hydrate, e.g., sodium acetate trihydrate, thereby lowering the temperature and is, therefore, a co-reactant with the salt, e.g., ammonium nitrate, which also reacts endothermically with the salt hydrate.
In addition to the preferred embodiments described herein, other embodiments, arrangements and variations within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims will occur to those skilled in the art.
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|Clasificación de EE.UU.
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|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
|Clasificación europea


text:
WASHINGTON -- Interest rates on short-term Treasury bills were mixed in yesterday's auction, with six-month bills rising to the highest level since March 2001.
The Treasury Department auctioned $19 billion in three-month bills at a discount rate of 3.870 percent, down from 3.890 percent last week. Another $17 billion in six-month bills was auctioned at a discount rate of 4.155 percent, up from 4.125 percent last week.
The three-month rate was the lowest in two weeks, since these bills averaged 3.850 percent on Oct. 24. The six-month rate was the highest since these bills brought 4.22 percent on March 19, 2001.
The discount rates reflect that the bills sell for less than face value. For a $10,000 bill, the price was $9,902.18 for a three-month bill and $9,789.94 for a six-month bill.
Separately, the Federal Reserve said the average yield for one-year Treasury bills, a popular index for making changes in adjustable-rate mortgages, rose to 4.32 percent last week from 4.26 percent the previous week.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
BRADENTON, FLA. - Tom Murphy has been a real estate agent in Manatee County for 10 years.
"We have seen prices rising now for about 24 months," said Murphy who is a realtor with Keller Williams on the Water. He says there is a big demand for houses priced $200,000 and under.
"Simply supply and demand. The number of homes listed for sale under $200,000 is 20 percent less than it was about a year ago and that trend continues to decline."
Murphy says houses at that price point are not only being sought by working class folks but also by retirees relocating to the Suncoast.
"We are seeing a lot of competition for the best quality homes in that price point. The last two or three sales we had, all had multiple offers," he says.
Adding to the demand, Murphy says there has been a decrease in the number foreclosures coming onto the market and a policy shift by many lenders. Instead of selling foreclosed house as is, like most lenders did in the past, many lenders are having repairs made to the house before putting them on the market.
"And as a result, properties are little bit more attractive but more importantly, they are raising their prices."
He also thinks the slow rise in home prices is part of a healthy recovery of the housing market.
"Today is different than it was in 2006. In 2006 we had a lot of people borrowing money that had no business borrowing money and of course we had banks that were lending money like we have never seen before. Now the lending standards are much tighter."
He suggests if you are in the market to buy a home, be ready to make a quick decision and have your financing lined up and ready to go. He says if you see a house you like, don't wait, the seller will probably receive multiple offers.


text:
Hands on with Borderlands 2 at E3 2012
The original Borderlands was a game that was easy to fall in love with. The loot heavy gameplay kept you scouring the world of Pandora for new and improved weapons. Despite some notable flaws, for many, Borderlands was one of the best games of 2009. Fans clamored for a sequel for years, and last year Gearbox announced the sequel. During our hands on with Borderlands 2, Gearbox had two more playable characters that hadn't been available before. I asked who the closest character to Mordecai from the original was, and I was directed towards Zero. Since Mordecai was my go to character in the original, I was settled before I had even started on my new character. Add in the fact that Zero's action skill includes him throwing out a hologram of himself that also makes you invisible and able to sneak around enemies to deliver critical blows, and it wasn't a hard sell.
We set out on Statueesque, a level where Handsome Jack has created this entire city and has planted statues to commemorate himself. The objective was to break down all of the statues of Handsome Jack by following a construction drone throughout the city, guarding it while enemies tried to destroy it. In our abbreviated playthrough we were given 20 skill points to distribute across the three skill trees, where each level required five skill points to unlock the next. Given that we were on a timer, I personally didn't have nearly enough time to think about the decisions that I was making. When the final game arrives, there will be plenty of time sunk into the crafting of a perfect skill tree that fits my playstyle.
Being fans of the original, it was pretty obvious that the gunplay had been overhauled to make the combat much smoother and more rewarding.
The mission panned out like a traditional Borderlands level. The dungeon required you to complete a specific objective, while also collecting loot from the nooks and crannies of the level. This specific area had us battling through bots that had been dropped down from Handsome Jack's moonbase. The combat started out with somewhat less difficult bots as we pushed towards a Contructor bot, that we were tasked with protecting, whose goal was to rip down the statues of Handsome Jack. As the demo progressed the enemies gained a Constructor bot of their own. The enemy Constructor spawns enemies and repair bots that help the hostile units survive longer. Killing the Constructor first seemed to be the best policy, at least on this level. Though that's not quite as easy at it sounds. This super enemy type used a devastating attack the closer you got to it, and healing bots were keeping this massive enemy in working order. Reaching the last of the statues in this level, the battle became massive. Between the enemies that were being dropped in by Handsome Jack, and the enemies that the Constructor bot was spawning, we were begging for a repreive, and then it all stopped.
That awkward moment when someone is called over to confirm that we "Beat the Demo".
All in all, we both walked away from the demo with the understanding that Borderlands 2 has seen some meaningful changes. The original formula is still very much intact, but Gearbox has focused on refining the core gameplay in ways that'll make Borderlands 2 an even better experience. Without the awkward moment where we seemingly broke the demo, Borderlands 2 was easily one of the best looking, most fun hands-on experiences that was to be had at E3 2012. A great sign for Borderlands fans anxiously waiting for the sequel that is set to arrive later this year.


text:
Product Description
- Cannot ship to Canada
- Comforter is over sized and over stuffed
- Twin 2 PC Comforter Set includes: comforter & one pillow sham
- Full and Queen 3 PC Comforter Sets include: comforter & two pillow shams
Complete AP Lavender Camouflage Bedding Collection
Surround yourself in the wonder of the outdoors with Realtree's AP Lavender Camo Basic Bedding Colletion! The Lavender Camo Bedding features realistic leaf and branch patterns contrasted against various shades of light purple. Why stop there? From window treatment, accent pillows, sheets, and a matching shower curtain. Customize or complete the collection to your hearts content.
The Realtree Lavender Camo Ensemble is perfect for your favorite feminine hunting enthusiast! It has a distinctly feminine edge with it's fuchsia background. Enjoy this unique Realtree AP Lavender Camo Comforter Set at your rustic lodge or log cabin.
Optional Bedding Accessories
Sheet Set
Curtains & Valance
Crib Set
Shower Curtain
|Twin: 65"x90"
Full: 80"x90"
Queen: 86"x94"
|Typically Ships Via
|Shipping Cost
|Free Shipping Applicable
|Free Shipping Requirements
|Free Shipping to 48 states on orders of $99 or more
|Usually ships in 5 - 7 business days


text:
Es Petit Hotel de Valldemossa
Select your stay dates to check availability at Es Petit Hotel de Valldemossa
Es Petit Hotel de Valldemossa
About the Hotel
Property Location
With a stay at Es Petit Hotel de Valldemossa in Valldemossa (Tramuntana), you'll be close to Son Marriog. This hotel is within the vicinity of Alfabia Gardens and Soller Botanic Garden.
Make yourself at home in one of the 8 individually decorated guestrooms, featuring minibars and flat-screen televisions. Complimentary wired and wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and satellite programming provides entertainment. Private bathrooms with shower/tub combinations feature complimentary toiletries and hair dryers. Conveniences include phones, as well as safes and desks.
Rec, Spa, Premium Amenities
Take in the views from a terrace and a garden and make use of amenities such as complimentary wireless Internet access.
A complimentary buffet breakfast is served daily.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include complimentary high-speed (wired) Internet access, multilingual staff, and luggage storage.
Hotel Facilities
- Total number of rooms - 8
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Free breakfast
- Elevator/lift
- Smoke-free property
- Front desk (limited hours)
- Free parking nearby
- Garden
- Free WiFi
- Multilingual staff
- Luggage storage
- Terrace
Room Facilities
- In-room safe
- Shower/tub combination
- Individually decorated
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Daily housekeeping
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Air conditioning
- Satellite TV service
- Free toiletries
- Desk
- Phone
- Minibar
- Flat-panel TV
- Hair dryer
- Free WiFi
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A Washington, D.C. federal court judge handed down her sentence this week in the case against the Environmental Protection Agency's top earner. Despite bringing home more than $200,000 a year as a global warming expert, John C. Beale engaged in an elaborate scam over 13 years during which he falsely claimed to be a CIA operative to avoid actually working.
He spent long periods – including 18 uninterrupted months in 2011 and 2012 – away from his office while colleagues believed he was on a mission overseas or at CIA headquarters. Earlier this year, he admitted his guilt in the scheme, through which analysts say he fleeced taxpayers out of nearly $1 million.
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Judge Ellen Huvelle called his actions "unbelievably egregious" before sentencing him to 32 months in federal prison and issuing a $1.3 million fine for restitution.
Beale did not try to defend his behavior, instead admitting that he merely embraced his selfish nature for more than a decade.
TRENDING: Rush Watches Sanders Quiz the Press on What They're Thankful For, That's When He Notices It…
"Why did I do this?" he asked the court rhetorically. "Greed – simple greed – and I'm ashamed of that greed."
He went on to describe the fraud as "an addiction," explaining he experienced euphoria in convincing others he was a spy. Taking year-and-a-half paid vacations probably wasn't too bad, either.
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Beale really didn't do much during his extended hiatuses. According to his testimony in court, he "spent time exercising" and "working on my house" while his fellow EPA employees believed he was engaged in international espionage.
Jim Smith, a prosecutor in the case, said Beale represents the "poster child for what is wrong with government."
Of course, Beale's actions were just a microcosm of the overarching waste associated with our government. While his brazen lies have been exposed, billions in taxpayer dollars are similarly squandered each year on frivolous programs and executive vacations.
Though his fraud was serious and his punishment well-deserved, many see Beale's actions as just an exaggeration of ordinary public-sector behavior. Our government is notoriously unaccountable, which might explain why he was able to keep the wool over his superiors' eyes for 13 years.
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–B. Christopher Agee
Have an idea for a story? Email us at [email protected]


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Café Jinx, a six-table bijou on Fourth Avenue, feels like a teeny tiny toy cabaret. It's a low-tech, no-phone, one-woman operation, all bootstraps and shoestrings, where fresh food and wordplay and cabinets of curiosities get mixed up and spangled with light. The menu is a cast of characters and a program of songs to be performed: Our favorite sandwiches are SmartAss Bob, Blaze on My Little Tumbleweed, The Ghost Walks on Friday, and Bète Noire. Ethel the Queeny is a salad who delights us on hot days. The striped red interior reminds us of that night in Paris in 1915 when the little bulldog invited us into his salon for absinthe and fortune cookies, and lit all the Chinese lanterns at once.
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|Table 2: Serum TC, LDL-, HDL-, and VLDL-cholesterol levels in mice Plasmodium berghei infected mice treated with aqueous extract of Ganoderma lucidum.
|Results are means ± SEM of eight independent determinations. Values in the same row carrying different superscripts are significant () from each other.
Note. P-CTR: positive control mice; N-CTR: negative control mice; AQ100: infected group treated with 100 mg/kg G. lucidum; AQ250: infected group treated with 250 mg/kg G. lucidum; AQ500: infected mice treated with 500 mg/kg G. lucidum; CQ: infected mice treated with chloroquine.


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Building exponentially. Learn more about our tithe and how donating to Habitat OC makes a global impact.
Every donation to Habitat OC has a worldwide impact. Over five percent of unrestricted donations is tithed to Habitat for Humanity's global building initiatives. With your help, Habitat OC has funded 406 homes sheltering 2,030 women, men & children worldwide. That's in addition to homes built in Orange County!
Habitat for Humanity is a global partnership. Habitat OC is one of hundreds of affiliates. Affiliates are required to contribute a portion of their incomes to international work. Funds specifically designated for local work only by a donor may be excluded from the tithe.
Since 2003 Habitat OC has tithed to the Romania, Mexico and Bangladesh and Northern Ireland affiliates.
Habitat affiliate supported in 2013:
Since 1989, Habitat OC has tithed over $1,247,326 to Habitat for Humanity International. Habitat OC was the third Western Region affiliate to surpass the $500,000 mark. For each home built in Orange County, Habitat OC has built 2.4 homes in another country. Together, we're making a difference more than one house at a time.
The Global Village Committee researches prospective countries and provides a recommendation to the Habitat OC Board of Directors, who make the final decision.
Habitat for Humanity International features individual country profiles.
Please e-mail your suggestion to the Global Village Committee. If you have a special reason for recommending this affiliate, please include that in your e-mail as well.
Please contact the Global Village Committee.
Go on a Global Village build. Find out more here.
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Global Village Leader Phone: 714.434.6200 ext. 239 email@example.com
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Dr. David's Indie Spotlight - E3 2013: Angry Video Game Nerd Adventures is fun as f*ck and hard as balls
One of the highlights of my E3 2013 experience was sitting down with ScrewAttack's Craig Skistimas and getting some hands-on time with the upcoming Angry Video Game Nerd Adventures. It was a highlight because it was just totally different from pretty much every meeting I had with any other publisher or developer at the show. Along with GameZone Director Max Baehr, I sat down on the floor near the media room with Craig and played a bit of AVGN Adventures while he guided me through it and provided some important info on the game. It ended up just being three dudes playing video games, laughing at the humor of foul language, and talking about why video games are awesome.
Right from the get-go it's easy to see that this is a true representation of the Nerd in video game form. I died about 20 seconds (more like 11 seconds) into the preview build of AVGN Adventures, and I immediately witnessed the Nerd spouting off in true foul-mouthed fashion. Every time he dies in the game, he'll make a different derogatory remark toward the game itself. The Nerd knows that he's in a video game, but just because he's the star of this project doesn't mean he's going easy on it.
Of course, AVGN Adventures isn't the sole victim of being verbally berated by its own protagonist. Many of the things you encounter, whether they're sh*tty weapons like rocks or certain gameplay elements, will be talked down to by the nerd. You can bet that if something is happening in the game, the Nerd will dish out offensive punishment toward it. If you're a fan of the famous internet video series, all of this stuff will seem familiar or fitting to you, so hearing the Nerd talk about whales and seminal fluid will likely bring up warm and fuzzy feelings
down there.
AVGN Adventures is a platform-shooter that draws influence from several classic titles including Contra, Mega Man, and Gunstar Heroes. The developer, FreakZone Games, is building the game to be NES levels of hard. Unlike the games that cause the Nerd so much grief, however, dying in AVGN Adventures is always your fault, not the game's. This is because for every fiendishly placed obstruction or enemy there's a fair way to get through it. Every time I died while playing, I instantly realized that I could've done something differently to avoid sending the Nerd straight into his painful demise.
You can fire your NES Zapper at baddies that are in front of you, but anchoring down allows you to stand still and shoot around the Nerd. The actual platforming in AVGN Adventures is joyously tight, and the controls are remarkably
seminal fluid (oops) and responsive. While playing the demo I was reminded of Super Meat Boy, which featured some of the best controls in a 2D game in recent memory (and, like, of all time). It's great to see that this project has great controls, and it makes me excited at the prospect of controlling the Nerd without having to deal with the problems he faces while playing video games.
Various power-ups (aside from rocks) can be used during the course of your adventure. The Glitch Gremlin, for example, can cause the game to get all buggy and acts as a time-stopper. This is useful for getting through areas that are riddled with enemies and moving perils. There are also extra lives and bottles of Rolling Rock beer to give the Nerd some extra hits.
Aside from drawing influence from great games, AVGN Adventures also parodies older titles that weren't all that amazing. One of these is Silver Surfer, as was indicated by the stage where the Nerd rides a board through space. The enemies here consisted of flying hazards including penis rockets. Seriously, these things should be in more video games, because they're amazingly hilarious ... because they're penises ... and penises are funny.
The Nerd isn't the only playable character. Aside from the titular protagonist, you can discover Guitar Guy, who shoots sound waves from his guitar. These waves go through walls and follow an undulating pattern, but they're not as powerful as the Nerd's shots. In addition to these two dudes, series collaborator Mike Matei and Bullsh*t Man (of You Know What's Bullsh*t? fame) will also be in the game, and they'll feature their own abilities, such as jumping really high or using feces as a weapon.
Currently, ScrewAttack Games and FreakZone are planning on completing and releasing AVGN Adventures this year. The game will initially launch for the PC on Steam, but there are plans for the game to arrive on the Wii U and 3DS eShop, as well as the PlayStation Network and possibly Xbox Live Arcade (if, ya know, Microsoft opens up the platform a bit and eases up on the "no self publishing" crap). When asked about requests from the ESRB or console manufacturers for the game to be censored, Craig responded with an awesomely emphatic, "There's no f*cking way we do that." That's good to know, and it's great to see that AVGN Adventures is on its way to delivering a hell of an experience, not just for fans of the Nerd, but for people who just appreciate a damn good game.
Want to talk about indie games, Kirby, or cheap pizza? Follow me on Twitter @dr_davidsanchez.


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Farmers Insurance plans to raise homeowner premiums by 10 percent in 2012, the Houston Chronicle reports.
The rates would go into effect on March 16 for 350,000 customers who have either a Texas Family Home Policy or a Next Generation Home Policy.
The insurer also plans to add discounts of 4 to 5 percent for customers who have both cars and homes covered by Farmers.
The move is necessary because the company said they have lost over $250 million in Texas over the past three years, not including claims from Hurricane Ike or the wildfires in Bastrop County.
Farmers raised home insurance rates nearly 4 percent in March of this year, the paper reported.
The increase was filed last Friday with the Texas Department of Insurance.
State Farm announced last month they were planning to raise rates by about 10 percent this month.


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RALEIGH, NC (NCDOJ) — A contractor with a long history of problems has been found in contempt for violating a court order that banned him from paving work in North Carolina, Attorney General Roy Cooper said today.
"Businesses that rip off consumers and violate court orders time and time again have no business operating in our state and should face full punishment under the law," Cooper said.
Tommy Edward Clack has repeatedly pressured consumers into paying too much for shoddy driveway paving. For years, Cooper's Consumer Protection Division has fought to stop Clack from scamming North Carolina homeowners. In June of 2010, Cooper won a court order permanently barring Clack and his associates from all residential paving work in the state.
But Clack violated that ban, and at Cooper's request Wake County Superior Court Judge Michael J. O'Foghludha this week found Clack guilty of civil contempt. He must repay his two victims $79,600 or go to jail for at least 90 days. That 90-day period can be renewed if he still has not repaid them.
Judge O'Fughludha also cited Clack for criminal contempt for failing to show up for his civil contempt hearing as ordered. Clack must appear before Wake County Senior Resident Superior Court Donald W. Stephens on June 27 at 10:00 AM to show why he should not be found in criminal contempt and ordered to jail for an additional six months, plus pay a fine.
Today's order of civil contempt was granted based on information from two homeowners who said that Clack charged them for driveway work after the ban was in place. An 81-year-old homeowner in Chatham County paid Clack $7,600 to pave her small driveway in July of 2010. In March of 2011, a Greensboro homeowner paid Clack $72,000 for driveway work. Clack allegedly used false names in both cases to try to hide his identity and evade the ban, calling himself Ray Tillman and Tommy Clark.
Consumer complaints to Cooper's office illustrate how Clack usually operates. Clack claims that he is already in the neighborhood and will charge them low price because he has materials left from other jobs. Clack's crew then begins work as soon as the contract is signed and completes the job quickly using poor quality materials.
Under state law, consumers have three days to cancel most purchases sold door-to-door, but many consumers who've dealt with Clack say they didn't feel like they could cancel once the work was underway. Consumers who tried to cancel and get a refund report that Clack is generally uncooperative.
Clack initially operated in the Wilmington area. Cooper first filed suit against Clack in 2007, winning an injunction in March 2008 that compelled him to pay $50,000 and correct previous substandard paving jobs. Clack then relocated to Greensboro, where more problems surfaced. That led to a November 2008 court order that required him to wait at least four days after a written contract was signed before beginning work.
Following the November 2008 court order, Clack moved his business to South Carolina. He faces a four-count criminal indictment out of Florence County, SC for defrauding four victims in that state out of sums ranging from $16,000 to $30,000. He is currently thought to be in Maryland, where he is wanted for arrest in Anne Arundel County on charges related to driveway paving work.
In North Carolina, local District Attorneys have the authority to bring criminal charges. The Attorney General's Consumer Protection Division has the authority to bring civil cases against unfair and deceptive business practices.
"If your driveway needs paving, find a reputable contractor to do the work instead of going with a stranger who knocks on your door," Cooper said. "Protect yourself from home repair scams by getting written estimates, checking references, and saying no to high-pressure sales pitches."
To check out a home repair company or file a complaint against one, North Carolina consumers can call (877) 5-NO-SCAM toll-free within state. Consumers can also file a complaint online at http://www.ncdoj.gov.


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Express Scripts Shares Drop after Cutting Forecast
Express Scripts Holding Co. shares tumbled Wednesday, a day after the pharmacy benefits manager lowered its 2014 forecast, disappointed Wall Street with its first-quarter report and said it received a handful of subpoenas tied to government inquiries.
The nation's largest pharmacy benefits manager said Tuesday after markets closed that severe winter affected its prescription sales during a first-quarter in which earnings dropped 12 percent.
Express Scripts also cut its 2014 earnings guidance to between $4.82 and $4.94 per share, citing several customer delays which pushed back implementation of service to early 2015 from mid-2014. The company had previously forecast earnings in the range of $4.88 to $5 per share.
Chairman and CEO George Paz told analysts during a Wednesday morning conference call that he "absolutely" feels comfortable with the new forecast.
Pharmacy benefits managers, or PBMs, run prescription drug plans for employers, insurers and other customers. They process mail-order prescriptions and handle bills for prescriptions filled at retail pharmacies.
The St. Louis company said Tuesday that it earned $328 million, or 42 cents per share, in the three months that ended March 31. That was down from $373 million, or 45 cents per share, in last year's quarter. Adjusted profit was 99 cents per share. Revenue fell 8.8 percent to $23.68 billion.
Analysts forecast, on average, earnings of $1.01 per share on about $23.83 billion in revenue.
Express Scripts also disclosed Tuesday in a quarterly filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission that it has received a subpoena in each of the last three months on separate issues.
The first came in late February from the U.S. Department of Justice, District of Rhode Island, and asks for information about the PBM's relationship with Pfizer Inc. and other drugmakers. The next arrived late last month from the New Jersey attorney general and the third came in April from the U.S. Department of Labor, Employee Benefits Security Administration.
Express Scripts said in the filing that it intends to cooperate with all the inquiries.
The company also said Tuesday that it expects second-quarter adjusted earnings to a range between $1.20 to $1.24 per share.
That falls short of average analyst expectations for $1.26 per share, according to FactSet.
Express Scripts shares started falling Tuesday after the earnings report came out. On Wednesday afternoon, the stock was down about 5 percent, or $3.66, to 67.36 while broader indexes were largely flat.


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Gaming monitor – Dell U2412M review
While gamers tend to favour monitors with fast refresh rates there are many other screens with better-quality images that are still suitable for gaming.
The Dell U2412M is popular among gamers and non-gamers alike as it uses a high-quality 24in LED-backlit IPS panel. It also features a full 1920 x 1200 resolution for a 16:10 aspect ratio rather than the more common 16:9. While not a true 8-bit panel the Dell uses 6 bits plus advanced frame control to make up the difference. Round the back the U2412M has DisplayPort DVI and VGA however there's no HDMI. You also get a four-port USB hub.
The downfall of many IPS panels is slow response times and ghosting. The Dell has a higher than average 8ms response time which might put some gamers off. Despite our best efforts we couldn't get any ghosting in actual gaming however. The extra dollars you'll need to cough up for an IPS panel buys you excellent picture quality and rich and vibrant colours without going over the top. We found it very bright by default so unless you're gaming outside dimming it to your environment is a good idea. There's no appreciable light leakage even in the darkest games and screen uniformity is excellent. The OSD is also excellent and gives comprehensive access to any and all settings you'll need.
As we've come to expect from Dell the stand is a cut above the norm with full height and rotation adjustments. This one's also frequently on sale so you can often pick it up for under $300.
Special features :
- 1920 x 1200 resolution 16:10 ratio
- Height & rotation adjustments
- Four-port USB hub
Pros : IPS panel excellent colour DisplayPort.
Cons : No HDMI high response time 6-bit.
Verdict : 8 out of 10. Highly Recommended!
Available from Dell retailing for $399


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- About
About USC Gould
USC Gould is a top-ranked law school with a 115-year history and reputation for academic excellence. We are located on the beautiful 228-acre USC University Park Campus, just south of downtown Los Angeles.
- Academics
Learn about our rigorous and interdisciplinary curriculum, our invaluable experiential learning opportunities, and the breadth and depth of our specialized areas of concentration and certificate offerings.
- Admissions
USC Gould helps prepare you for a stellar legal career. You can pursue a JD degree, one of our numerous graduate and international offerings, or an online degree or certificate.
- Student Life
Student Life
Participate in an unparalleled learning experience with diversity of people and thought. Get involved in the law school community and participate in activities that enhance your studies.
- Careers
We work closely with students, graduates and employers to support successful career goals and outcomes. Our overall placement rate is consistently strong, with 94 percent of our JD class employed within 10 months after graduation.
- Faculty
Our faculty is distinguished for its scholarship, as well as for its commitment to teaching. Our 12:1 student-to-faculty ratio creates an intimate and collegial learning environment.
- Alumni and Giving
Alumni and Giving
The global Trojan network of more than 10,000 law alumni and donors include recognized leaders in numerous fields who are deeply committed to supporting student and law school success.
Historical Timeline
Jump to a Decade:
1800s | 1900s | 1910s | 1920s | 1930s | 1940s | 1950s | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s
1800s: Beginnings
Los Angeles Law Students Association is formed. Eager law apprentices took the lead in promoting "organized" legal education in Los Angeles. In 1896, Judge David C. Morrison "threw open the doors of his courtroom" for 36 law apprentices - five of them women - to hear prominent local attorneys praise the concept of a formal law school. James Brown Scott, who was to head the nascent institution, exhorted the students to create a "law school of permanent character."
The Los Angeles Law School is incorporated. Its 11-member board of trustees included a woman, self-made agricultural magnate Harriett W.R. Strong.
1900s: Building Permanence
Program becomes affiliated with USC; the university awards degrees for study completed at the Los Angeles Law School. As early as 1885, USC officials had contemplated forming a law school. This affiliation realized the dream of early advocates Robert Widney and George I. Cochran, both Los Angeles attorneys and USC trustees.
James Brown Scott's premature resignation put the new law school's "permanent character" to the test. There followed a succession of "annual deans": Lewis A. Groff (1900-01), George L. Sanders (1901-02) and Daniel M. Hammack (1902-04). Starting in 1900, the school moved six times in as many years.
USC begins awarding law degrees. Gavin W. Craig receives the first diploma.
University of Wisconsin-educated contracts expert Frank M. Porter LLM '10 is appointed dean. In his 23 years at the helm, Porter struggled to bring permanence to all aspects of law school life. He stabilized the faculty, strengthened academic standards and promoted a diverse student body.
Frederick W. Houser '00, one of the school's first graduates, becomes the first alumnus to serve on the bench. After graduating, he spent a term in the California Assembly before his election to the Los Angeles County Superior Court in 1906; he later rose to the appellate court and the state supreme court.
The USC Law gains approval by the American Bar Association and membership in American Association of Law Schools.
Law school moves to Tajo Building. After 15 years of changing head- quarters, USC Law found stability in this downtown building, at the corner of First Street and Broadway. The school remained at this site until 1925.
Stare Decisis-the school's yearbook-reflects an increasingly diverse and international student body. Japanese, Filipino, Armenian and Russian Jewish students are represented in photographs, along with women and the school's second black student. The yearbook includes a section devoted exclusively to "co-education." A year earlier, students had founded Phi Delta Delta, the nation's first women's law student sorority.
Mabel Walker Willebrandt '16, LLM '17, graduates. Arguably the most prominent American woman attorney from the 1920s through the '40s, Willebrandt was Assistant Attorney General during the Harding administration.
In less than two decades, USC Law student enrollment climbs to the top five in America. The student boom reflects the explosive growth of Los Angeles itself, a city of nearly 1 million inhabitants.
1920s: Seeds of Excellence
You Chung Hong '24, LLM '25 graduates. Hong was the first Chinese American admitted to practice in California and went on to become the nation's foremost Chinese civil rights attorney over the next four decades.
Permanent USC Law building opens for classes on the University Park campus.
Property law expert William Burby joins USC Law faculty. The University of Michigan-trained lawyer set the tone for legal education for the next 35 years. Employing the Socratic and case methods, Professor Burby's courses prepared three generations of USC Law students for real-world practice. His scholarly publications were mandatory reading for students and practitioners alike.
Criminal law expert Justin Miller is appointed dean. During his three years in the position, the Stanford-educated dean recruited several important faculty members and advanced the school's scholarly reputation.
In the same year, Southern California Law Review is first published. Edited and managed by law students, this flagship USC Law journal is known for publishing high quality, cutting-edge scholarship by nationally known academics. Today, the Review's circulation is among the largest in the nation, and its articles among the most frequently cited. Also founded in 1927 was USC's chapter of the Order of the Coif. Inclusion in this national legal honorary society testified to USC Law's maturation in academic stature. The following year, students pioneered the practice of providing pro bono legal advice to the poor through the USC Legal Clinic.
The predecessor to the Legal Aid Foundation of Los Angeles is incorporated and USC Law houses its clinic. In its first year, 72 students, composing the entire third-year class, participated in the work.
Washington University law school dean and criminal law expert William G. Hale is appointed dean. Despite the upheavals of the Depression and World War II, Hale's deanship was one of remarkable stability. The core of his faculty-William Burby, Paul Jones, Robert Kingsley, Stanley Howell and Shelden Elliott-were in place throughout Hale's 18-year tenure.
In the same year, Manuel Ruiz Jr. '30, USC Law's first known Latino alumnus, graduates. Ruiz was considered the "California dean of Mexican American lawyers." He was appointed by President Nixon to the U.S. Commission of Civil Rights, and he authored numerous works, including the seminal Mexican American Legal Heritage in the Southwest.
Edwin Jefferson '31 graduates. Jefferson is representative of a group of black graduates who rose to leadership positions in Los Angeles during the first half of the 20th century. He was appointed to the bench in 1940. Other early outstanding African-American alumni include David Williams '37, who became a federal judge; Bert McDonald '23 (with mother, bottom), the first black lawyer in the Los Angeles City Attorney's office; and Crispus Attucks Wright '38, who together with McDonald, Williams and others founded the John M. Langston Bar Association in 1943 (other bar associations had racial restrictions).
Col. John W. Barnes '27, descendant of Connecticut Supreme Court Justice James Gould (1770 - 1838), bequeaths the Gould family estate in trust to USC Law. When the full gift is realized two decades later, the law school is renamed the USC Gould School of Law. Judge Gould served as administrator and teacher for Litchfield Law School, the nation's first law school.
USC Law graduate Shelden Elliott '31, LLM '32 is appointed dean.
In the same year, Manuel Ruiz Jr. '30, USC Law's first known Latino alumnus, graduates. Ruiz was considered the "California dean of Mexican American lawyers." He was appointed by President Nixon to the U.S. Commission of Civil Rights, and he authored numerous works, including the seminal Mexican American Legal Heritage in the Southwest.
In the same year, the USC Institute on Federal Taxation is first held. The flagship of USC Law's fleet of continuing legal education programs, the Institute on Federal Taxation is one of only three such law school-sponsored institutes in the country today.
First William Green Hale Moot Court competition. Named after the retired dean, this inaugural forensic competition pitted student-advocates on either side of a custody decree dispute and a full faith and credit matter. Arguing before five California justices, Philip Jones '49 took the first prize. Jones himself later advanced to the bench. The competition was founded by William P. Hogoboom '49, another future judge, and Jerome L. Doff '49.
USC Law professor Robert Kingsley is named dean. Educated at Harvard and the University of Minnesota, the criminal law and domestic relations expert had been on USC Law's faculty since 1928. His 11-year tenure in the dean's office witnessed the first stirrings of active philanthropy. Kingsley later became a judge of the California Court of Appeal.
Legion Lex is founded. This active and successful volunteer fund-raising support group for USC Law has, over the past 45 years, generated millions of dollars in annual contributions. Legion Lex has helped erect buildings, supported faculty research and teaching, and provided student scholarships.
1960s: Rise to National Prominence
USC Law professor Orrin B. Evans is appointed dean. The former University of Missouri professor and university counsel joined USC's faculty in 1947 as an expert on real estate and insurance law. During his five years as dean, Evans helped usher in USC Law's signature emphasis on interdisciplinary study.
In the same year, the Western Center on Law and Poverty is established in the law school building. As part of the War on Poverty, it supported local legal services programs, law reform litigation, and representation for organizations. Early leaders included professors Martin Levine, founding executive director, Michael Shapiro, Gary Bellow, Derrick Bell, and Earl Johnson.
"Law, Language, and Ethics" first offered. This signature course, required of all first-year law students, transformed the way law is taught at USC. Drawing on fields such as philosophy, psychology and economics, the course encourages students to examine legal issues in a comprehensive context. Its introduction in 1965 anticipated the school's current faculty, many of whom have interdisciplinary interests and expertise.
Judicial administration expert Dorothy W. Nelson LLM '56 becomes the first woman dean of a leading American law school. In 1957, a year after completing her advanced legal degree at USC, Nelson joined the faculty. A decade later, she succeeded Orrin B. Evans as dean, leading the school until 1980, when she was appointed to the bench. Nelson remains a judge on the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals.
In the same year, the Board of Councilors is first convened. Culled from a distinguished list of lawyers specializing in a wide variety of legal areas, this board provides crucial insight and advice to both the USC Law dean and the university president.
The Black Law Students Association is founded.
Chicano Law Students Association is founded. In the same year, USC Law moves into its current headquarters, the Elvon and Mabel Musick Building. Named in honor of Elvon Musick, the five-level, 88,000-square-foot facility provided state-of-the-art resources, including a computerized library.
Asian Law Students Association is founded.
Exchange program with Caltech begins, enabling professors at both institutions to co-teach and co-author works in law, economics and political science. The partnership evolved into the Program in Law and Rational Choice in 1992, allowing for enhanced interaction between the schools, joint faculty workshops, and a joint-degree program.
USC-educated constitutional law expert Scott H. Bice '68 is named dean. The second-longest serving dean in the school's history, Bice returned to teaching after his 20-year tenure ended on June 30, 2000, becoming the Robert C. Packard Professor of Law. On his watch, USC Law became international in its scope, nearly doubled in physical size and completed three major capital campaigns.
Post-Conviction Justice Project is founded. The program gives students real-world training as advocates for prison inmates.
The Public Interest Law Foundation is founded. Concerned about insufficient funds for public interest legal services, a group of law students levied a self-imposed $30 annual tax. With nearly 100 percent student participation and broad support from staff, faculty and graduates, the foundation subsidizes hundreds of student-advocates serving the elderly, abused and neglected children, homeless families and other vulnerable populations.
Children's Legal Issues Clinic founded. For a decade, students have represented minors in legal proceedings dealing with dependency and neglect, abuse, guardianship and school administrative matters.
The Musick Building's new wing opens. Adding 62,000 square feet to the 1970 facility, this expansion yielded the Ackerman Moot Courtroom, new seminar classrooms, offices for student organizations and clinical programs, lounges and a cafeteria, computer and video labs and a greatly enlarged law library.
Pacific Center for Health Policy and Ethics is founded. Sponsored jointly with the Keck School of Medicine of USC, the Pacific Center brings together international scholars and public dignitaries in teaching and research concerning social, ethical and legal issues in health care.
Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal is founded. This student-managed publication focuses on the scholarly work of legal academics, economists, physicians, anthropologists and experts in other fields who analyze law from their particular perspectives. The Southern California Review of Law and Social Justice, inaugurated in 1991, explores legal issues relating to gender and society. It is later re-named Southern California Review of Law and Social Justice.
Law Library embraces information technology: its card catalog goes online. The following year, USC Law publicly launches its Website.
USC Law unveils its first multi-media classrooms. One-third of library carrels are now wired to accommodate personal laptop computers.
Small Business Clinic is founded. Law students offer consultation services on employment issues to small businesses and nonprofits.
In the same year, the USC Center for Communications Law and Policy opens. The interdisciplinary program is jointly sponsored by USC Annenberg School for Communication, USC Annenberg Center for Communication and USC Law.
New law student services go online, including class registration, grade notification and on-campus employer interview sign-ups. Email discussion lists supplement classroom teaching in many courses.
2000s: Law in the New Millennium
May 15, Matthew L. Spitzer '77 is named dean, effective July 1, 2000. June 10, USC Law celebrates its centennial. The Center for the Study of Law and Politics is created: A unique network of inter-connected scholars, drawn from diverse disciplines such as law, political science, economics, public administration, psychology, and communications.
Two new interdisciplinary institutes formed. The Center in Law, Economics and Organization works to improve understanding of how economics, law and organizations interact; and draws upon the resources of USC Law, the Marshall School of Business and the College of Letters, Arts and Science's department of economics. The Center in Law, History and Culture, another partnership with the College, is devoted to encouraging the study of law as an historical and cultural institution.
Graduate and International Programs are launched with an inaugural class of 12 students. Now the Master of Laws and Master of Comparative Law programs include 65 international students from dozens of countries on five continents.
2004The Initiative and Referendum Institute - the nation's most prominent educational and research organization focused on direct democracy - moves to USC Law and joins the Center for the Study of Law and Politics.
A joint project of USC Law and the College, the Center in Law and Philosophy is formed to promote interdisciplinary scholarship in legal, moral, and political philosophy.
Intellectual Property and Technology Law Clinic is founded. The clinic is a joint project of USC Law, USC Annenberg Center for Communication and USC Information Services Division.
In the same year, a new cafe and refurbished law library open to students for the fall semester. The library features a new multimedia room and computer lab; roomy study tables with Internet plug-ins; and new carpeting, lighting, wood and glass paneling, and furniture, which are both beautiful and functional.
USC Law Professor Edward J. McCaffery, renowned tax expert, is named interim dean. The Robert C. Packard Trustee Chair in Law and Professor of Law, Economics and Political Science, McCaffery has served on USC Law's faculty since 1989.
The Legal Aid Alternative Breaks (LAAB) Project is founded by students with the aid of OPS. The student group has coordinated trips during spring and winter breaks, allowing students, staff, alumni and faculty to provide legal services to vulnerable communities in the Gulf Coast, California's Coachella Valley and Mexico.
Bankruptcy and corporate reorganization expert Dean Robert K. Rasmussen is appointed dean. He previously was a celebrated professor and administrator at Vanderbilt University Law School for nearly 20 years.
The Southern California Innovation Project is founded. The cross-campus research center draws leading academics from law, business, economics, sociology, engineering and other sciences at USC, Caltech and the University of California system, who study the processes by which businesses and legal firms generate and sustain productive creativity.
Two new clinical programs are launched, bringing the number of non-litigation clinical training programs at USC Law to seven. Students in the Mediation Clinic learn dispute resolution skills and mediate Los Angeles Superior Court small claims and civil harassment cases. In the Small Business Clinic, students provide basic corporate legal assistance to small businesses, entrepreneurs and nonprofit organizations.
Public Interest Law Foundation celebrates 20 years of developing a service ethic among law students, facilitating careers in public interest and subsidizing students' service work.
Prof. Elyn Saks is awarded a John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Fellowship, better known as the "genius grant." Saks is the first USC faculty member to become a MacArthur fellow.
Dean Rasmussen and the Board of Councilors formulate a vision statement for the law school. It reads: "The University Of Southern California Gould School Of Law cultivates analytical ability, ethical values, and a spirit of collegiality that prepare our students for meaningful careers benefitting society. We enrich human knowledge and the principles of justice through superior scholarship."
USC Law becomes the fourth school to host the Conference on Empirical Legal Studies (CELS), the annual gathering of the Society for Empirical Legal Studies. The conference draws scholars who focus on analyzing real-world data and experimental evidence to explore complex legal issues.
Two new practice-focused programs are launched: the Business Law certificate program and the Media, Entertainment and Technology Law certificate program. The former is designed to help prepare students for working with business clients and the business-related legal issues they will encounter in both litigation and transactional law. In the latter, top talent from the entertainment industry introduce law students to the many issues unique to practicing law in entertainment and media-related businesses. Enrollment in both programs is high.
The Saks Institute for Mental Health Law, Policy, and Ethics launches at USC. Created by Prof. Saks with her MacArthur Foundation award, the institute is a cross-disciplinary effort that focuses on one significant mental health issue per academic year.
The International Human Rights Clinic opens. The clinic gives students the opportunity to work on cases, both local and international, that address war crimes and human rights abuses.
United States Supreme Court Justice Anthony M. Kennedy visits USC Law. In just over 24 hours, the native Californian presided over a mock trial of Hamlet, taught a Constitutional law class, and participated in a wide-ranging conversation with Dean Rasmussen before hundreds of law students.
USC Law expands its popular study-abroad program to Bond University in Queensland, Australia; Bocconi University in Milan, Italy; and Jean Moulin University in Lyon, France. The program continues to offer the semester program at the University of Hong Kong and a year-long dual degree program at the London School of Economics.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) awards Prof. Tom Lyon a $2 million grant to test a protocol he developed for interviewing maltreated children about their abuse. Combined with a previous grant of $1.7 million, it is the largest NIH grant received in USC Law's history.
The Graduate and International Program celebrates its 10th year with more than 150 students from around the world earning LL.M. or M.C.L. degrees.
The Post-Conviction Justice Project celebrates its 30th anniversary. Over the years, clinic students have collectively represented more than 5,000 state prisoners serving life sentences for murder convictions.
U.S. Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia delivers the annual Roth Lecture. During his visit he also taught a Constitutional Law class and met with students and faculty.
Donald Scotten is appointed associate academic director and adjunct assistant professor of law for Graduate and International Programs.
USC Gould student group OUTLaw makes history by becoming the first on-campus organization to launch an effort to endow a scholarship to the school. The scholarship benefits lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender students and those working toward legal equality for LGBT individuals.
The Hollywood Reporter ranks USC Gould No. 1 for entertainment law.
Justice Albert Sachs delivers the Allen Neiman and Alan Sieroty Lecture in Civil Liberties. Sachs was a Freedom Fighter in South Africa and was later a judge on South Africa's Constitutional Court, appointed by Nelson Mandela.
Prof. Elyn Saks is appointed to a three-year term on the Center for Mental Health Services National Advisory Council by the U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services.
The J.D. study abroad program expands to include Fundacao Getulio Vargas University in Sao Paulo, Brazil.
USC Gould launches a historic $150 million fundraising initiative to advance the school's role as a leader in legal education by providing scholarship support for students, attracting additional stellar faculty, and creating a physical space that fosters collaborative and inter-professional learning. The initiative is part of The Campaign for the University of Southern California, a multiyear effort to secure $6 billion or more in private philanthropy to advance USC's academic priorities and expand its positive impact on the community and the world.
Graduate and International Programs launches fully online LL.M. degree program for foreign students in the fall. The new program allows foreign attorneys to study the U.S. legal system from anywhere in the world.
USC Gould launches the 3+3 accelerated bachelor's to J.D. program. This allows USC's best and brightest undergraduates to forgo the LSAT and earn both their bachelor's and law degrees in a total of six years. The students apply for law school as juniors and, if accepted, enroll at USC Gould the following year.
USC Gould welcomes Andrew T. Guzman as its 14th dean of the law school.
USC Gould receives a $5 million gift from Judge Judith O. Hollinger '61 to launch the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) program, one of the few in the nation teaching students the important skills of arbitration and mediation.
The Post-Conviction Justice Project represents the first juvenile client in California to be released from prison under the California Fair Sentencing for Youth Act.
Alumnus Randol Schoenberg '91 and his landmark case to reclaim stolen art seized during World War II was turned into a major motion picture, "Woman in Gold," featuring Helen Mirren and Ryan Reynolds.
Recent News
Showing Up for Veterans
November 10, 2017
Gould students and alumni team up to offer legal assistance to former military personnel
USC Gould Hosts Tax Symposium
November 10, 2017
Experts with Tax Analysts, the American Bar Foundation and USC discuss tax reform
Top International Arbitration Judge Shares Global Insights
November 7, 2017
The Hon. Charles N. Brower delivers annual Roth Lecture


text:
2004 Ford E350 Super Duty Fuel InjectorReview Fitment Notes to Ensure Proper Fit
Motorcraft Fuel Injector
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Motorcraft CM-5075
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I am in California and needed these like right now! I ordered on a Monday and had them in my hand at 10 am Friday morning! They were the exact OE replacement parts with the same part number and codes as the original parts! I replaced all 8 and my rig is purring like a kitten! Brand new parts and quality! I will continue to buy from partsgeek.com with confidence! You would be a fool not to order these if u needed them as u won't go wrong! Im impressed with so many Motorcraft OE parts in their arsenal to choose from! And a word to the garage mechanic...remember to purge or expel the cylinders of gas or coolant before cranking over your rig.......just the tiniest bit can hydrolock and cause damage to your torque converter, flex plate or connecting rods! Im not sure your manuels are going to warn u of this expensive mistake! Im a fan for sure and u won't go wrong!!!


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|July 22, 2000, 01:41 AM
Junior Member
Join Date: December 19, 1999
Posts: 5
I am thinking about getting one.Pros & Cons? Help needed.
|July 22, 2000, 06:13 AM
Staff In Memoriam
Join Date: October 13, 1999
Location: Columbia, Md, USA
Posts: 8,812
Based on patents by John M Browning,it's one of the classics. Durable,smooth in operation and lightweight, it's a shotgun for several generations.
Downside, not much in the way of accessories, but it needs few....
|July 22, 2000, 03:43 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: July 2, 2000
Location: Harnett County, NC
Posts: 1,700
I am an unfailingly devoted Ithaca Fan. I will say that it has features that make it a bit difficult for some situations which I'll explain here.
1) There is no "loading port" as on your 870 style guns. By that, I mean you have to load the shells into the magazine and then cycle them into the chamber. This means Trap and Skeet involve a few more steps and a little more forethought.
2) The DSII will lower the hammer on a chambered round when you hold the trigger down while cycling the gun. On older guns, it will discharge if pressure is kept on the trigger while cycling. IMHO, this is a virtue for a self-defense gun with proper training. The DSII requires that you remove your finger from the trigger before cycling or you might not get that follow-up shot.
3) Being a lightweight gun, it kicks harder.
That having been said, the vrirtues of the gun are tremendous. Because the barrel is fixed and free-floated, you get excellent accuracy. The solid receiver is weatherproof and great for lefties as it ejects downwards. I'd love a stainless steel version myself.
|July 22, 2000, 04:34 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: December 3, 1999
Location: Texas USA
Posts: 367
Ditto Badgerarms. Outstanding weapon in all respects. I have a DSPS featherweight that I wouldnt take anything for. Great guns.
|July 23, 2000, 01:27 PM
Join Date: June 16, 2000
Location: Eddyville Iowa Usa
Posts: 33
Of the slug barreled shotguns I have seen
(Rem, Win. Mossy, and Ithacas) the Ithacas always shot far and away better than everything else. Buy one and you won't be disapointed
|August 2, 2000, 02:19 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: February 26, 1999
Location: Danby, Vermont
Posts: 349
I'm a little late with this comment about the M37, but I think that it holds as much weight as the previous ones. Yet another reason why I like the Ithaca's 'Down' Eject is that you have additional protection of the bolt and action.
Let me explain. Where we do a majority of our hunting in the woods of Vermont, there is a lot of dense scrubs and underbrush that we have to get through to get to what ever it is that we are going after. Be it Woodcock, Partridge, Turkey, Squirrel, Deer, Bear or whatever. Also, bad weather comes into the picture too, and I feel that an exposed ejection port (ala Win/Rem/Moss/et al) places you at a disadvantage. Things can't fall into your action - even when open.
So this - along with all the other reasons are reason enough for me to stay Ithaca.
|August 2, 2000, 02:48 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: February 15, 2000
Location: Mid-Missouri
Posts: 719
Another nice feature (God, I love these guns!) is the fact you can switch barrels. For a little less than $200.00 you have a Turkey setup with extended choke if you like. Versatility is the name of the game.
Donnez-moi la liberté, ou donnez-moi la mort!
|August 4, 2000, 08:29 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: March 30, 2000
Posts: 678
I have an Ithaca 37 I love, though not the Deerslayer model. In re: the interchangeable barrels. I've always used mine for duck and goose hunting, but it would be cool to have a short barrel (and maybe an extended magazine) I could put on for home defense. Does anyone know of a source for such things?
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text: I ordered the Wasabi DX bundle from Modchipcentral for 49$ + SH. The service and shipping is very fast, you can get it withing 2-3 days. The bundle contains the Wasabi DX chip, 2 screwdrivers (1 triwing, 1 phillips), the ribbon cable and the V16 Wii clip to make the DX chip act as a Zero with all the features of the Wasabi Zero. You simply install the DX chip in DX mode with the ribbon cable, set the DIP switches. Then you install either the v2.0 or the v3.0 of the DX upgrade and config disc. Then you can remove the ribbon cable and use the Wii V16 clip with the DX chip to use it as a Wasabi Zero. Simply snap the clip on the D2C chipset on your Wii. Be very careful not to damage the small pins around the PCB or inside the V16 clip. Then reassemble the Wii. Use the Wasabi Zero v3.0 config disc to configure the chip, You can enable/disable the GC audio streaming and use the 3x or 6x reading speed.


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The Good, The Bad and the Very Very Cherubimicalously Ugly!
The Good! *San Diego Mayor Bob Filner (D)* Filner has sent memos to zoning and code enforcement officers in San Diego - ordering them to end all code enforcement actions against medical marijuana facilities in that city. Filner is also encouraging the city council to take up the issue of formal zoning rule for medical marijuana distribution. And - he has directed the city's police chief to end all medical marijuana enforcement actions. Elected in November - Filner ran largely on a platform of decriminalizing marijuana and protecting the use of medical marijuana. It looks like Mayor Filner is one politician who understands just how out-dated and ineffective this nation's drug laws are. Let's hope he's just the first of many.


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Time Schedule:
Shirley J. Yee
Seattle Campus
Analyzes major themes in the history of women in North America from 1890 through the 1990s. Themes include family and community formation, social activism, education, paid and unpaid labor patterns, war, migration, and changing conceptions of womanhood and femininity in the twentieth century. Offered: jointly with GWSS 384.
Class description
Students will learn about major themes in 20th U.S. women's history in addition to analyzing historical sites on the world wide web, written historical documents, and oral histories and applying their analyses to a 10-12 page research project. In Winter 2008, we will focus on women's experiences in the context of the rise of consumerism and technology as well as work, war, migration, education, and social activism.
Student learning goals
Sharpen critical thinking skills through analyses of texts, films, and primary documents
Sharpen writing skills through the research and writing of a 10-15 page paper.
Sharpen speaking skills through group oral presentations
Develop research skills in the field of history through the identification and analysis of primary documents
General method of instruction
Lecture and discussion
Recommended preparation
Women 200 and/or 200-level courses in U.S. history.
Class assignments and grading
Exams and papers are designed to sharpen students'critical thinking and writing skills. Students learn how to pose research questions and to use primary sources to support an argument.
exams, papers, class participation, group oral presentation.


text:
Ericsson features smart city network at LTE Mena
Dubai, May 12, 2014
Ericsson is showcasing its latest technological innovation that fulfills the high demand on connectivity in smart cities at the ongoing LTE Mena 2014 exhibition in Dubai.
The company's heterogeneous network (HetNet) solution will meet the connectivity challenges of a smart city by improving performance and increasing cost efficiency through the efficient use of available spectrum. It will also help to create an optimal customer experience while facilitating the truly mobile lifestyle that smart city residents aim to experience.
Building a high-performance HetNet is based on three pillars: improving the performance of existing macro base station sites; densifying the existing network by adding macro sites at strategic locations, and adding small cells based on HSPA, LTE and Wi-Fi technologies.
"The accelerating pace of innovation and the social transformation towards the Networked Society have now fully risen on a global and regional scale," said Anders Lindblad, president of Ericsson, Region Middle East.
"With the smart cities' vision in the horizon, we are now at a tipping point and we need to get our infrastructure ready to fullfill the consumers' high demand on connectivity. Heterogeneous networks are the ideal solution in this case, providing the required level of experience through an optimized and a cost-efficient network." – TradeArabia News Service


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Eritrea's enmity with neighbouring Ethiopia continued to dominate the 2007 agenda of the country, sapping energy required for repairing broken relations with the West and resolving the dire economic, political, and social needs facing its people. In January the long-simmering tensions between Eritrea and Ethiopia exploded into a hot proxy war when both countries lent support to opposing sides in a new conflict in Somalia. The fighting, which had begun in December 2006, reached a climax when Somalia's Transitional Federal Government (TFG), backed by Ethiopian troops, routed the Islamic Courts Union (ICU), a group supported by the government of Eritrean Pres. Isaias Afwerki and one that had ruled Somalia for six months. In September 2007 Eritrea hosted a conference at which the ICU leadership and other Somalian opposition figures discussed ways of dislodging Ethiopian soldiers and the ruling TFG. That move prompted the United States, which favoured the TFG, to threaten to declare Eritrea a terrorist-friendly country.
Although fighting in Somalia subsided after the fall of the ICU, the spectre of direct war between Eritrea and Ethiopia loomed large. During the year both countries continued to boost troop levels and armaments at their common border, further threatening the fragile seven-year-long UN-monitored cease-fire that had ended a bloody two-year war that claimed some 70,000 lives.
Despite a pledge by the European Commission in July to provide Eritrea with the equivalent of $8.5 million in humanitarian aid, poverty and food shortages continued to haunt Eritrea. This was exacerbated by a bad economy, inadequate rainfall, border troubles with Ethiopia, intransigence of the Afwerki regime (which insisted that the country could feed itself), and a nearly $180 million shortfall in a $212.9 million international food-assistance budget.
As Eritrea's relations with Western countries worsened in 2007, Asmara looked east, strengthening its ties with China, which announced in January a cancellation of a chunk of Eritrea's foreign debt. In July the two countries signed economic pacts following the visit of Chinese Assistant Minister of Commerce Chong Quan to Asmara.
Despite troubles at home, an Eritrean athlete once again displayed his prowess in long-distance running. In March 25-year-old Zersenay Tadesse won the world cross country championships, held in Mombasa, Kenya, upsetting five-time champion Kenenisa Bekele of Ethiopia.
|Quick Facts
|121,144 sq km (46,774 sq mi)
|(2007 est.): 4,907,000
|Head of state and government:
|President Isaias Afwerki