text:
U.S. Open
Looking for your favorite
Karl Strauss 21st Anniversary Ale from Karl on Vimeo.
Karl Strauss 21st Anniversary Ale from Karl on Vimeo.
Karl Strauss Comes Of Age With Their 21st Anniversary Ale(March 30) -
Karl Strauss Brewing Company is turning the big 2-1 and celebrating with an
innovative beer to showcase its maturing palate. When the company first opened
its doors in 1989, craft beers were the exception, not the norm. Today, tastes
have evolved and beer enthusiasts now seek out bold and inventive brews.
Firestone Walker Brewing To Release Solace(March 28) - Firestone Walker
Brewing Company announced the upcoming release of a seasonal beer called Solace.
This is the brewery's first bottled release of a seasonal ale.
Terrapin Beer and De Proef Brouwerij team up to create Monstre Rouge(March
27) - The next beer in Lochristi, Belgium-based De Proef Brouwerijs
Brewmasters Collaboration Series will be an Imperial Flanders Red Ale called
Monstre Rouge. The collaboration this time around was with Georgias own
Terrapin Beer Company.
LSU May Get Own On-Campus Brewery(March 27) - If the Chancellors plansand
yes, the Chancellor of the University is the one proposing thisthen Baton Rouge
on home gameday now ranks just under Carnival in Rio for pure entertainment
potential, if only because the campus will now have both a brewery and a live
tiger. Top that, Harvard.
'Rogue' offers pleasant taste with 'Black Lager'(March 25) - If you
didn't notice, Chatoe Rogue is simply the name of a new series of "Gro-your-own"
or homegrown beers from Rogue Ales. By homegrown, I mean that the brewers at
Rogue actually grew the hops (referred to as Independent and Revolution hops)
and malts (known as Risk malt) themselves in their very own barley farm and hop
Michigan's breweries hopping(March 25) - Last year was a big one for the
U.S. craft brewing industry. According to the Brewers Association, more
breweries were in operation in 2009 than before Prohibition, when the
manufacturing of alcoholic drinks was at a high. Michigan has a good share of
that market, too. In 2008, our state's brewing industry generated nearly $5
billion. The same year, we ranked 15th in the country in the number of breweries
per capita.
Despite snowstorm damage, Rahr & Sons Brewing isn't losing its cool(March
24) - The damage at Rahr & Sons Brewing Co., Fort Worth's microbrewery, has
turned out somewhat worse than initially thought. The bottling line was broken
beyond repair, and a huge tank full of Rahr Blonde, a German-style Helles lager,
was lost when the roof collapsed during the Feb. 12 snowstorm. The good news is
that the cooling system has been repaired, which will keep the remaining tanks
of beer safe, founding partner Fritz Rahr said.
Schell's announces Grain Belt Nordeast brew(March 24) - August Schell
Brewing Co. will release a new year-round flavor of Grain Belt beer thats named
for the historic Minneapolis neighborhood where Grain Belt was founded. Grain
Belt Nordeast will debut April 7 at 8 a.m. at Surdyks Liquor Store in Northeast
Flying Fish Brewing embraces the Garden State(March 24) - Arguably the
state's most popular craft brewery, Flying Fish about a year ago launched its
Exit Series, a limited-edition rollout of craft beers, each brewed in honor of
one of the New Jersey Turnpike's 18 exits. The series apparently is proceeding
at a relaxed pace and in no particular order, as Exit 4 (American Trippel, this
week's review), Exit 1 (Bayshore Oyster Stout) and Exit 11 (Hoppy American
Wheat) were followed by Exit 16 E/W (Wild Rice Double IPA), which debuted last
Hidden Treasures: Boulevard Brewery tour(March 24) - Should Kansas City ever
fall victim to a natural disaster, one of the safest places you could be is in
one of the tank rooms at the Boulevard Brewing Company. And it is not because
Mother Nature has an affinity for Pale Ale. It's because the tank rooms were
built for strength (there is a lot of valuable beer pulsing through there),
enough to withstand an earthquake and a tornado at the same time. This is just
one of the fun facts you learn on the tour of the Boulevard Brewery.
Tallgrass Brewing Company - Emerging Business of the Year(March 23) - The
idea for Tallgrass Brewing Co. was born in early 2006 when Jeffs wife Tricia
asked him what he would do with his life if he could do anything. Without
hesitation, he explained how he would do what he loved and open his own
Dogfish Head proves small business success(March 22) - Sam Calagione,
president and founder of Dogfish Head Craft Brewed Ales, opened the smallest
commercial brewery in the U.S., and is now purposely slowing down the growth of
his company. "We are trying to bring our story back inside the bottle,"
Calagione said. Complete Story
American Craft Beer Fest - Tickets are on-sale now!(March 22) - Join
BeerAdvocate & Harpoon Brewery for the 3rd annual American Craft Beer Fest
featuring over 325 craft beers from over 80 American brewers. Held at the
Seaport World Trader Center Boston, ACBF is the largest celebration of American
craft beer on the east coast. June 18-19.
Gordon Biersch Debuts Maibock(March 21) - Gordon Biersch Brewing released
the first brew of the seasonal "Maibock" beer. Literally translated from German,
Maibock means "the beer of May," and is one of Gordon Biersch's four seasonal
brews. The beer achieves a richy, malty flavor from dark-roasted caramel malt,
and was originally brewed in Einbeck, Germany during the 14th century.
Michelob Brewing Unveils Ginger Wheat as Part of New Wheat Sampler Pack(March
19) - Building from last years success, Michelob Brewing Co. returns with a
sampler pack featuring four refreshing wheat beers for the spring and summer
seasons. Michelob Ginger Wheat is the newest beer in the brewers growing
collection of styles and is available exclusively in the seasonal sampler pack.
Support your local Brewery - United States HB 4278 -
For small brewers brewing
less than 6 million barrels annually, this legislation would cut the small
brewer tax rate in half, to $3.50/barrel on the first 60,000 barrels, and reduce
the upper tax rate from $18/barrel to $16/barrel on beer production above 60,000
barrels up to 2 million barrels.
Anderson Valley Brewing Company sold after 22 years(March18) - The North
Bay Business Journal broke the news today that the Anderson Valley Brewing
Company, now in its 23rd year, was sold to HMB Holdings, LLC. A year ago I
interviewed AVBC founder Ken Allen regarding family-owned breweries and he
revealed he was already in discussions to unload his brewery.
Harbor Brewing Company, Inc. Hires Design-Build Firm for Proposed New Brewery(March
18) - Harbor Brewing announced that it has executed an agreement with Bread
Loaf) for the design and construction of its proposed new brewery. The agreement
calls for the Vermont-based firm to assist the Company throughout each phase of
the process including planning, design, preconstruction and construction.
Sam Adams workshop has tips for small businesses(March 16) - The Boston Beer
Company founder Jim Koch launched the program two years ago to assist low and
moderate income micro-entrepreneurs in the food and beverage industry to provide
the tools they need to help them grow and succeed.
Sweetwater Brewing Company presents "Brew Your Cask Off" Cask Ale Festival(March
15) - Celebrate cask ale at its finest with Sweetwater Brewing Companys Brew
Your Cask Off Cask Ale Festival! Putting an intriguing spin on standard cask
ale festivals, Sweetwater Brewery invited 75+ special guest brewers, including
local celebrities, home brewers, retailers and charities to create their own
one-of-a-kind cask for festival attendees to sample and judge on Saturday, March
20 from 6 to 10 p.m.
New Belgium Brewery specializes in suds and cycling(March 15) - In the
bottling room of the New Belgium Brewery in Fort Collins, Colorado, two
employees whiz by on a tandem bike, waving to the group of tourists gawking from
above. "It's just beer, so we can't take it too seriously," shrugs tour guide
Seth Jankowski, aptly clad in a backwards ball cap and oversized glasses.
Free The Hops Sponsors Suds of the South Beerfest(March 15) - Saturday you
can sip a few of the finer beers in life, and support regional brewers including
Lazy Magnolia Brewing, Terrapin Beer, Sweetwater Brewery and more.
Starting a Craft
Brewery - Brewers Library
America's Best LLC
America's Best
Odd Inns
Welcome Fisherman
Electric and Hybrid Cars
Panacea USA - Alternative Energy
Ranger - Guide to US National Parks
Top 10
Ales & Lagers
in the USA
Golden Ale
Blonde Ale
English Summer Ale
English Pale Ale
English IPA
Imperial IPA
Imperial Red Ale
English Mild Ale
English Brown
American Stout
Oatmeal Stout
Imperial Stout
Old Ale
Barley Wine
Scottish Ale
Strong Scottish
Irish Red Ale
American Amber
American Pale Ale
American IPA
American Brown Ale
German Alt
German Kolsch
German Wheat
Belgian Saison
Belgian Ale
Belgian Abbey Ale
Belgian Lambic
Belgian Witbier
American Light
American Pilsner
Premium Lager
Amber Lagers
Bohemian Pilsner
German Pilsner
Munchner Helles
Munchner Dunkel
Vienna Lager
American Cream Ale
American Wheat
American specialty wheat
Fruit/Vegetable beer
Pumpkin beer
Herb and Spice beer
Chocolate Beer
Coffee beer
Rye/Roggen Beer
Wood / Barrel
Aged beer
Aged strong beer
Wood/Barrel Stout
Smoked/Rauch beer
Specialty Ales/Lagers


text:
13503 Del Cerro Street, Victorville, CA 92392
- Sold
- Closed
- Single Family
- 3 Beds
- 2 Full Baths
- 1,681 Sq. Ft.
- 2 Car Garage
13503 Del Cerro Street, Victorville, CA 92392 View this property at 13503 Del Cerro Street, Victorville, CA 92392
13503 Del Cerro Street Victorville CA 92392
Map & Location
Street View
Property Description
Beautiful home with an extra room that can be converted to a forth bedroom if needed. Entering this home you will walk on the beautiful wood-like floor that passes through the large family room and takes you back to the living room and kitchen. Ceiling fans throughout, new carpet, some new paint, professionally cleaned, turn-key, fireplace, large bedrooms, large closets, high ceilings, indoor laundry, master bedroom has vaulted ceiling, ceiling fan, access to master bathroom area, large tub and separate shower, walk-in closet, enclosed commode room, double sinks and storage, some new doors, fully finished garage with access to home and back yard, and so much more!!! It is close to schools and shopping. A must see! Please view the 3D
Full Property Details for 13503 Del Cerro Street
- Sold For: $225,900
- Status: Closed
- Type: Single Family
- Added: 399 day(s) ago
Property History
- 13503 Del Cerro Street, Victorville, CA
- Sold at $225,900 on 1/20/17
- Listed at $225,900 on 10/18/16
- Rooms/Areas: Den, Entry, Family Room, Living Room, Main Floor Bedroom, Main Floor Master Bedroom, Master Bathroom, Master Bedroom, Walk-In Closet
- Interior Features: Bathtub, Ceiling Fan, High Ceilings (9 Feet+), Tile Counters
- Fireplace: Yes
- Fireplace(s): Living Room
- Eating Areas: Area, Breakfast Counter/Bar
- Appliances: Dishwasher, Freestanding Range, Garbage Disposal
- Flooring: Ceramic Tile, Partially Carpeted, Wood Laminate
- Total Bathrooms: 2
- Full Bathrooms: 2
- Total Bedrooms: 3
Other Rooms
- Laundry: Area, Gas & Electric Dryer Hookup, In Closet
Additional Information
- Pool Description: None
- Garage: Yes
- Garage Spaces: 2
- Parking: Driveway, Driveway - Concrete, Garage, Garage (Direct Access), Garage (Front Entry), Garage Door Opener, RV Access/Parking
- County: San Bernardino
- Driving Directions: From Bear Valley Or Luna Road, take Amethyst north to Dos Palmas Road, turn left(west), go to the first street(Del Cerro), turn left, PIQ on left.
School Information
- School District: Victor Valley Unified
- Community Features: Curbs, Street Lighting
Heating & Cooling
- Cooling Type: Central
- Heating Type: Central Furnace
- Sewer: Sewer Paid
Structural Information
- Structure Type: Single Family Residence
- Roof: Tile
- Common Walls: No Common Walls
- Disability Access: 2 or More Accessible Exits
- Stories/Levels: One
- Stories Description: One
- Square Feet: 1,681
- Year Built: 2006
- Year Built Source: Assessor
- Property Condition: Turnkey
Lot Features
- Property View: Mountain
- Lot Size (Acres): 0.15
- Lot Size Source: Assessor
- Lot Dimensions: 61' x 110' x 61' x 110'
- Lot Description: Back Yard, Front Yard, Gentle Slope, Lot 6500-9999, Lot Shape-Rectangular
- Fencing (Description): Wood
Financial Considerations
- Price Per Sq. Ft.: $134.38
Disclosures and Reports
- Special Conditions: Standard
Listed by Tlc Realty, TIFFANY BAILEY

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Allegro Beverage Corporation
- Alamat Kantor
- 3803 Dayap corner Cuenca Streets, Makati, Philippines
Allegro Beverage Corporation (ABC) is the country's leading provider of complete coffee solutions. We give you the richest flavors to satisfy yours and your customer's demands and tastes. We are the exclusive distributor of the finest espresso machines, brewers, coffee beans, syrups, sauces and teas from Italy, Switzerland, France, Germany, Spain, Sweden, Ceylon, the Netherlands, and the United States. Our products cater to hotels, casinos, culinary and educational institutions, restaurants, cafes, and franchise chains. As your partner, ABC delivers "Wow" service to give you and your customers a total and rewarding experience. Some of our valued clients include: Resorts World Manila, City of Dreams, Solaire, Shangri-La Hotels, Manila Peninsula, El Nido Resort, Hyatt Hotel, UNILAB, Far Eastern University, International School Manila, Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf, BO's Coffee Club, Terry's Selection, L'Opera Group of Restaurants, The LJC Group of Restaurants, J.Co Donuts, Krispy Kreme, McCafe, S & R Price Clubs and Mrs. Fields.
Pencari kerja yang melamar ke Allegro Beverage Corporation Indonesia juga melamar ke
Perusahaan-perusahaan berkualitas sedang merekrut di Kalibrr Ke Beranda
Perusahaan-perusahaan berkualitas sedang merekrut di KalibrrKe Beranda


text:
Splurge Vs. Steal: Asymmetrical Front Zip Leather Skirt
This Fall put away your basic black pencil skirt and sub in an asymmetrical leather version. It is the perfect way to update to your normal pencil skirt combo. The leather will offer an unexpected texture while the asymmetrical front zip will add a bit of edge to the classic silhouette.
The only thing left is to decide whether to splurge or steal.
Splurge On:
Alexander Wang
Asymmetrical Zip Leather Skirt, $1,191
Steal This:
All Saints
Split Lucille Leather Skirt, $348


text:
SB HONEY- KU Jayhawks Racks on Racks on Racks pt.1
The Kansas Jayhawks lost to University of Kentucky in the NCAA National championship game, but these fans have TWO reasons why they are still winning!
About Ed
Ed is one half of the Sports Brothers. He has been in the radio industry for 14 years working in several formats including urban and talk. Upon returning to Miami in 2006 and working at WTPS, he and Jeff Fox were paired up and started The Sports Brothers.


text:
Idris Elba in the sharpest suit, live piano, a mixologist who was in Skyfall (actual Skyfall!) and cocktails on tap - is there anywhere more dreamy than the Tanqueray Gin Palace?
Last night at the Covent Garden pop-up opening party, brand ambassador Idris got proceedings off to a heady beginning by insisting everyone did a shot before music started and Tanqueray punch-drinking didn't stop.
Jade Parfitt caught up with Olivia Inge, while Olivia Grant chatted with boyfriend Diego Bivero-Volpe and Jasmine Guinness giggled with Camilla Rutherford.
Hugo Taylor was clean shaven and completely unaware his ex Millie Mackintosh had just got engaged to Professor Green ("I hadn't heard that, amazing that they are engaged!") and Rosario Dawson breezed in to catch up with pal Idris who, she said, "always asks about my mum".
After much cocktail knocking-back and a few more "lightening" shots (that's old fashioned for a gin shot, FYI), everyone was having such a good time that Olivia Inge got behind the piano to give everyone a song. Tanqueray Gin Palace - dreamiest. Bar. EVER.


text:
New music, a new album and a half time show at the Pistons game tonight. I tell you what, Jay Sean really lives an amazing life, and we recently talked with him about it. We chatted about tonight's halftime show, and talked about collaborations he has on his new album!
Jay Sean called in this morning to chat with us for a little bit. Not only was he fun to talk to, but he actually talked with us about some super secret information about his new album!


text: On Tue, Jun 03, 2003 at 07:43:23PM -0700, Chris Tillman wrote: > > Have you looked at fai, replicator, systemimager, and autoinstall? you can find a tool called mkrecoverycd (or similar) on systemimager.org. it makes an automated recovery cd from a systemimager image. should work well w/ 2.0.x, but will need some tweaking for 3.0.x.


text:
Black Forest / Germany / Since the early nineties is electronic music my passion, my love, my breath and this will always be so ♥
Listen to all music and sounds of Stephan Grab and follow this user by signing in for free.
You can listen to 15 tracks and mixes and follow this user as 92 did before.
This artist liked 12 tracks, followed 92 others and reshared 12 tracks and mixes. 54 other people are following this page too.


text:
Wed 13 Aug 2014
Filed under: Ethnic Issues,Human Rights,Inside Burma,News
A curfew imposed on Sittway and Kyaukphyu townships in Rakhine State in October 2012 has been extended for another two months, residents told Mizzima on August 11.
Residents of the state capital, Sittway, said they were told by the township administrator of the decision to extend the 6pm to 6am curfew, which was imposed after a second outbreak of communal violence in Rakhine in 2012.
The decision came despite Rakhine Chief Minister U Maung Maung Ohn telling a meeting of residents of the townships on July 3 that he intended to lift the curfew.
A curfew imposed on Kyauktaw Township was lifted on August 8.
"The situation in Kyaukphyu township has long been calm and the decision to extend the curfew is unnecessary," U Tun Tun Naing, a member of Kyaukphyu Township Development Committee told Mizzima on August 11.
Rakhine State government spokesperson U Win Myaing told Mizzima on August 11 that the decision to extend the curfew was not due to instability.
"But we are unable to lift the curfew at this time," U Win Myaing said, without elaborating.
Link: http://www.mizzima.com/mizzima-news/myanmar/item/12101-rakhine-township-curfews-extended-say-residents


text:
November 08, 2004
Lost Frog: If I looking for Frog His Name: Hopkin Green Frog
shamelessly stolen from boingboing
Aren't disappearing frogs a sign of the apocalypse or something? Or maybe that's raining frogs...
Damn! Busted...I tell ya, when ya pull a frog heist, don't do it with no lousy partner. That sonofabitch musta rolled on me over some piddly murder beef.
Makes me a bit sad, really. There's something about this kid, tho'. I like the way he adds "PS I'll find my frog" as if he's not gonna give in. And Hopkin is a good name for a frog, although I suspect he just mispelled Hoppin. Disclosure: I actually like frogs too. I think they're kind of cute.
Metafilter reports that Hopkins is actually a stuffed toy from a McDonalds happy meal. Which I think makes it that little bit more sweet.
Ah. That makes me feel a lot better.
No frogs were harmed in the propagation of this meme.
This is the best post of the day. Thank you.
Him frog has been found. Or at least replaced.
And if they said him internet just looking for porn! Him stupid. ps - I'll find my porn.
Him nesting habits are strange.
Dagnabbit! Missed goetter's link! Oh well, didn't talk to Mom!
I liked reading the frog story follow-ups linked by goetter and homunculus, but it does make me wonder if the family has been getting other calls besides those two. Or maybe frogs in the mail, if that's the home address on the flyer.
I'm positive some net-tards will think it's cute to start sending ransom notes to the kid. Some other's won't be able to resist sending him a new hopkin. regardles, this isn't the end of the story.
Hopkin Green Frog went crazy looking for a bog in which to plump Hopkin Green Frog thought upsy-daisy before he made a final jump Hopkin Green Frog leapt so high he tore a hole right through the sky and where he's gone remains unknown to all his friends including I


text:
The Eighth Edition of this highly dependable book retains its best features–accuracy, precision, depth, and abundant exercise sets–while substantially updating its content and pedagogy. Striving to teach mathematics as a way of life, Sullivan provides understandable, realistic applications that are consistent with the abilities of most readers. Chapter topics include Graphs; Trigonometric Functions; Exponential and Logarithmic Functions; Analytic Geometry; Analytic Trigonometry; Counting and Probability; and more. For individuals with an interest in learning algebra and trigonometry as it applies to their everyday lives.
New edition of a text that helps the student to master the terminology and basic concepts of algebra and trigonometry. Each of the 13 chapters begins with an Internet Excursion involving a real world problem utilizing the material in the chapter and information found on the Web. Sections begin with a list of objectives to add further focus to important concepts. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.


text:
Greatness not about how many shitposts you make, it's about how many tards you piss off on here.
Greatness not about how many shitposts you make, it's about how many tards you piss off on here.
And now for something completely different. I'm feeling a little mellish tonight.
You kiss your young daughter with that mouth?
Dude needs to eat a sammich.
Members have been banned in the past for starting silly ass threads like this. But that was before the front page swamp dwellers arrived. All is lost I fear.
If you're an Amazon Prime member you get a butt load of discounts from Squatty Potty (sorry 'bout the pun). I just adore my new plunger.
Remember when Eds wrote "but know I'm thinking" instead of "but now I'm thinking"? What a dildo!! I mean, I learned the difference between their, there, and they're in 1st grade. I didn't realize there was some unfortunate inbred retards that didn't know the difference between now and know!! That's...
You do what you have to do to survive. I remember when daddy would come home with a pocketful of worms so we had some protein in our slurry.
Tartare is for pussies. I like my raw meat fresh off the highway.
They don't make comedy like that anymore. You have have to wonder why Jews and Christians didn't riot over The Python making a comedy about their religions. They treated the ancient Romans somewhat poorly as well.


text:
About Us
Europe Entertainment Ltd.
Vincenti Buildings, Suite No. 509
28/19 Strait Street
Valletta VLT1432 Malta
Registration Number: C42855 dated 20th Nov. 2007
Should you have any questions about how to use the website, please contact our Customer Service Team at email@example.com.
Our team is offering 24/7 service on the following numbers:
- International: 00356 2713 7886 (support in English; price varies according to landline or mobile phone service provider)
You can also write to us using the postal address above.
Europe Entertainment Ltd, duly incorporated and registered in Malta on the 20/11/2007 under registration number C42855, with registered office at Vincenti Buildings, Suite No. 509, 28/19 Strait Street, Valletta is licensed and regulated by the Malta Gaming Authority (http://www.mga.org.mt) under a Class 3 license numbered MGA/CL3/391/2007 issued on the 9/3/2009, a Class 1 license numbered MGA/CL1/538/2008 issued on the 7/2/2010, a Class 1 license numbered MGA/CL1/810/2012 issued on the 24/7/2012 and a Class 1 license numbered MGA/CL1/1202/2016 issued on the 27/05/2016.


text: Google Play supports all manner of payment options these days, but for many, carrier billing is still the easiest. You don't have to input any payment details or log into an external account. You just buy things and pay for them on your monthly bill. However, it requires carrier support. Customers on five more carriers will have the option now, according to Google's support site.Read More


text:
Q: What is a mock draft?
A: Mock drafts are practice fantasy sports drafts.
Before your league's draft takes place, mock drafts are a way to practice before your pride and/or money are on the line.
Participating in a mock draft alerts you to players that are going higher or lower than you expected.
Mock drafts alert you to trends taking place in the player pool. Are people waiting too much on quarterbacks? Is second base a thin position? Is this year's rookie crop overhyped?
Savvy fantasy sports players also monitor the results of these drafts for trends and to see where players are being taken to get a feel for each player's value [as shown in the Average Draft Position (or ADP) from multiple mock drafts].
Q: What kind of mock drafts (sports) are available right now?
A: A list of actively mock drafting sports is displayed on the right side of the RotoWire Mock Drafts pages. RotoWire will feature mock drafts for MLB, NFL, NHL, NBA, NASCAR, golf and college football.
Q: Is there a tutorial available on drafting procedure?
A: Watch the live draft demo movie from MockDraftCentral.com that provides the mock drat room for RotoWire.
Q: Does the league draft work any differently than the mock draft?
If you'd like to use this mock draft room to conduct your own draft (for your league) sign up at MockDraftCentral.com
In most cases they operate the same, with the following exceptions:
-The league draft supports keepers, trading of draft picks, and custom draft order.
-The league drafts have full commissioner functionality.
Learn more about the commissioner features at Mock Draft Central
Q: What happens if I miss a pick in a draft?
A: After your first pick expires, your team will be placed on AutoSelect. The AutoSelect feature will automatically make a selection from your prepick queue . If your prepick list is used up, the computer selects the next highest ranked player for your team.
Note: While your team is on AutoSelect in live drafts, your pick time will be reduced to 10 seconds. You can turn AutoSelect off manually (checkbox under prepick list), if you wish to restore your full pick time.
Q: I created a draft and need to make a change.
A: Once a mock draft is opened for signup, it can no longer be edited.
Q: How do I select a player during a draft?
A: See the online help for live drafts
Q: How do I join a draft?
A: Go to the Join a Draft page (also available by clicking Join a Draft under the Draft menu.
Find a draft that offers the criteria you are looking for such as sport, number of teams, etc. Then simply click on the Join link, supply a team name, and pick your draft position from any of the open draft slots.
Q: What are the system requirements of the live draft software?
A: There are only two very basic requirements:
1) You need Flash 7 or higher and a browser that supports Flash which is any browser that's fairly recent such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, recent AOL versions, etc.
* The latest version of Flash available for free download at Adobe's website
2) Any non-proxied connection to the Internet. Our live draft software works great over dial-up connections and only takes 25-30 seconds to load over a dial-up line the first time and 15-20 seconds each time after that. Over a broadband connection, the time to load is typically less than 10 seconds.
What does "non-proxied connection" mean?
Proxy servers are used by large corporations and some hotels for large scale Internet deployment. If you're using DSL, cable, or dial-up, you'll have no problems using our software.
If you're not sure about these two things, try our Technology Test
Q: What information does the ADP report page provide?
A: For an more information on the ADP report provided by MockDraftCentral and making the most of them, visit our MDC's ADP Guide
Q: I joined a draft, but now I'm not able to make it. What can I do?
A: You can remove your team from a mock draft up to 30 minutes before the draft start time.
If you are unable to remove yourself in time, be sure to rank some players. Your team will be put on auto-select after the first missed pick and your pre-rank list will be used to select players.
Q: Can I delete my completed drafts?
A: Not currently, however drafts older than 4 months will no longer appear on your completed draft list, unless you explicitly select Show All Historical Drafts.
Q: What do I get with a premium account as opposed to a limited account?
A: Checkout the Premium Features list that come with signing up for a Premium Account at MockDraftCentral.com (which provides the RotoWire.com draft room).
Q: What if I want to draft a player that isn't in the player database?
A: Every draft includes a handful of placeholder players. Simply search for "placeholder" and draft a placeholder that matches the positional requirements of the desired player. Email firstname.lastname@example.com to have that player added and specify the round and pick of the draft so we can replace the placeholder.
Q: Does MockDraftCentral.com have other features that are not available on RotoWire.com?
A: Yes. Some of these include advanced ADP & player trend reports, cheat sheets, draft day worksheets, newsletters, message boards and more. For a complete list, refer to MDC's Feature List
Q: What do the different fantasy football and fantasy baseball scoring styles mean?
A: We have detailed the various scoring types for each sport on the page that lists the available mock drafts.
More details on the scoring systems are available at Mock Draft Central:
Fantasy Football Scoring Rules
Fantasy Baseball Scoring Rules
Q:It says I need to enable sessions when I try to enter the mock draft room. How do I do this?
A: Here are a couple steps to resolve this issue:
1) In Internet Explorer, go to Tools: Internet Options...
2) Go to the Privacy tab and click on Sites...
3) Add mockdraftcentral.com and select Allow.
4) Click the Ok button and you should be all set.
The process is similar in Firefox.
1) In Firefox, go to Tools: Internet Options...
2) Go to the Privacy tab and click on Exceptions...
3) Add mockdraftcentral.com and select Allow.
4) Click the Ok button
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A: Yes. Our developers actually use Macs.** Recently, it has come to our attention that some people using Safari browser version 1.x are encountering issues logging into the site (ie. the login button is unclickable). More recent versions of Safari work fine, so upgrading will fix the issue, as will using Firefox. If you encounter any issues, please Contact Us and we'll be happy to help.
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Download Version 9...this is all the players of version 9 for all formats.4) In archive folder choose the correct version for the Mac Version: 9.0.47. Flashplayer9r47_mac.dmg is for PPC machine; flashplayer9r47_ub_mac.dmg.zip is for Intel based machines.5) Install the appropriate version of the program and Voila....it works again.
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Get DVD Talk Feeds
Each episode is shown in 1.33:1 Full Frame format and they look well enough to enjoy for them being an old sitcom, but the age of the series shows. When you realize that they are all about twenty-five years old with this season then you understand why things look sort of hazy and at times as if they were filmed with a hand-held camera. Not really worth complaining over honestly, but nothing was done to fix up Night Court at all.
Presented in Dolby Digital 2.0 Stereo Sound; there's nothing to fret over here either. Everything from the series is 99% dialogue and it can be heard clearly at all time without problems. Same goes for the wickedly awesome theme music that everyone can't help but hum along with. There are English and French subtitles included.
None - Not a single solitary thing. Bah.
Final Thoughts:
There is no way for me not to tell you to go out and buy this DVD set right now because Night Court is one of the funniest and best sitcom series of all time. You don't even have to own or have seen the first two seasons of the series to follow along because you can pick up from anywhere. No special features kind of hurts the score of the set as a whole, but doesn't make it any less valuable. Go grab it, laugh your butt off, and listen to the sweet sounds of jazz fill your room as the opening credits roll for each episode. Highly Recommended.
Danny lives in New Orleans with his dog and writes plenty in way of movies, sports, and life over at Examiner, IP Movies, and Associated Content. If you're looking to keep up with all he does though, there's always Twitter or Facebook.


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Straight, silky smooth hair has always been desirable for women. The latest developments and progress in technology have helped women realize this dream by enabling them to completely transform the look of their hair. Commercial hair straighteners are either mechanical devices like flat irons or chemicals. By using them, you can get the hairstyle that you have craved for so long, but side effects are also unavoidable. The chemicals used in the process can damage the skin of the scalp, while the frequent use of flat irons can result in thinning of hair shaft, hair splits and breakage. Natural substances, on the other hand, can help to straighten hair without these harmful side effects. Here are some hair straightening tips and recipes that will guide you to straighten hair naturally.
How to Straighten Hair Naturally?
The most commonly used products for naturally straightening curly hair include coconut milk, lemon juice, milk, honey, egg and olive and coconut oil. Here are few recipes for you to make natural homemade hair straighteners.
Coconut Milk and Lemon Juice
Application of coconut milk and lemon juice is effective not only in controlling curls, but also in alleviating the problem of dandruff. First, grind a coconut in a blender, and add lemon juice to it. Keep this mixture in the refrigerator for a few hours. After sometime, you will observe a layer of creamy foam on the top of the container. Now, apply this foam to your hair and keep your head covered with a hot towel for about 45 minutes to 1 hour. After this, wash your hair with a mild shampoo and let it dry completely. This would not only straighten the curls, but will also add a lustrous shine to your hair.
Hot Oil Treatment
THere is no need to mention that hot oil treatment moisturizes hair, as it is a well known fact. For giving your hair hot oil treatment, you can use any kind of hair oil, though coconut and olive oil are most frequently used for this purpose. For hot oil treatment, you need to heat oil and gently message your scalp with this warm oil. Then wrap your head with a hot towel and leave it for some time. Then wash your hair with a mild shampoo, and you will get well conditioned straight and silky hair.
Milk and Honey
Though milk can be used alone, addition of a few drops of honey would further enhance its nourishing quality. This will make it more suitable for curly and dry hair. You can also add some smashed strawberries to this mixture before applying to your hair. Keep it for at least 1 to 2 hours, and then wash with a gentle shampoo.
Egg and Olive Oil
Olive oil is known for its moisturizing properties and has been an integral part of regular hair care for a long time. Similarly, egg also provides nourishment to dry and damaged hair. To make a mixture of egg and olive oil, beat two eggs and then add one or two spoons of olive oil. Mix properly and using a soft brush apply thoroughly on hair. It is advisable to leave it for few hours, after which it can shampooed and conditioned in the usual way.
While it is true that these natural hair straighteners will take some time to make your hair straight, continuous and regular application of them would not only straighten hair naturally, but also nourish and moisturize it. You will be able to notice a marked difference in your hair quality after few days of application. Remember that curly and dry hair needs extra protection and care. These natural products will protect your hair from damages caused by pollution and harsh chemicals, and in the long run, will make your hair healthy and silky soft.
Can I use Vitamin D milk and Honey -or just do the plain old milk,on permed hair for conditioner to make it grow faster....Or should I cut the ends of my hair after every perm to get it too grow faster.


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After hearing some discussion on Osmanthus Oolong, and a small gift from QuiltGuppy, I was able to have a cup of this today. It has all the qualities I like in an oolong. Silky feel, yellow liquor, that in between black and green flavor, joined with a very subtle hint of floral. The oolong base in this reminds me of some of the Milk Oolongs I have tried.
Thanks again QG, for allowing me this new and somewhat different tea experience.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 8, 2009
|Filing date
|Mar 14, 2007
|Priority date
|Mar 15, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Christopher J. Edge
|Original Assignee
|Kodak Polychrome Graphics Company Ltd.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (32), Non-Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (2), Classifications (15), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a divisional application of U.S. Ser. No. 09/808,875 filed Mar. 15, 2001 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,209,147.
The invention relates to color imaging and, more particularly, to techniques for presentation of color images on display devices.
Color imaging devices use combinations of different device-dependent coordinates to form color images for display or printout on media such as paper or film. Many hardcopy printing devices use combinations of cyan, magenta, yellow, and black (CMYK) to form color imagery. These device-dependent coordinates of C, M, Y and K may be combined to form a gamut of calorimetric values that the device is capable of producing. Display devices, such as cathode ray tubes (CRTs) or flat panel monitors, may use the device-dependent coordinates of red, green, and blue (RGB). Some high-fidelity color imaging devices may use the device-dependent coordinates cyan, magenta, yellow, and black in combination with other coordinates such as orange and green. These and other device-dependent coordinate systems have been developed for use with various color imaging devices.
Many different device-independent coordinate systems have been developed in an attempt to standardize color specification across different devices. For instance, the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) has developed device-independent color spaces such as the L*a*b* color space (hereafter L*a*b* color space, L*a*b* space, or simply L*a*b*) and the XYZ color space (hereafter XYZ color space, XYZ space, or simply XYZ). Moreover, several other organizations and individuals have developed other device-independent color spaces.
A point in a device-independent color space theoretically defines a color value irrespective of any particular device coordinates. A point in L*a*b* space or XYZ space, for instance, can be mapped to a point in a device gamut. That point in the device gamut, in turn, defines the device-dependent coordinates that will theoretically cause the device to produce a color that is visually equivalent to that defined by the point in L*a*b* space or XYZ space.
The term "soft proofing" refers to a proofing process that makes use of a display device rather than a printed hard copy. Traditionally, color proofing techniques have relied on "hard copy proofing," where proofs are printed out on paper or other print media and inspected to ensure that the images and colors look visually correct. For instance, color characteristics can be adjusted and successive hard copy prints can be examined in the hard copy proofing process. After determining that a particular proof is acceptable, the color characteristics used to make the acceptable proof can be reused to mass-produce, e.g., on a printing press, large quantities of print media that look visually equivalent to the acceptable proof.
Soft proofing is highly desirable for many reasons. For instance, soft proofing can remove the need to print copies of the media during the proofing process. Moreover, soft proofing may allow multiple proofing specialists to proof color images from remote locations simply by looking at display devices, rather than awaiting delivery of hard copies. Soft proofing can be faster and more convenient than hard proofing. Moreover, soft proofing can reduce the cost of the proofing process. For these and other reasons, soft proofing is highly desirable.
A major problem with soft proofing, however, is the difficulty in achieving a good visual match between the colors displayed on the soft proofing display device and the colors that appear on the actual printed hard copy. As mentioned above, device-independent coordinates theoretically standardize color specification. Thus, theoretically the CMYK device coordinates of a hard copy printout could be converted to device-independent coordinates and then converted to RGB device coordinates. Also, theoretically the colors displayed using the RGB device coordinates would be visually equivalent to those of the hard copy print out. In reality, however, the colors that appear on the display may look different than those of the hard copy printout, even though the images displayed by the soft and hard copy media produce substantially identical device-independent values. Soft proofing cannot work effectively, and gain widespread adoption in the industry, if the colors on the soft proofing display device do not provide an acceptable visual match with the colors on hard copy printouts.
In one embodiment, a method includes obtaining a white point correction for a display device and obtaining a chromatic correction for the display device. The method may also include generating corrected color coordinates based on the white point and chromatic corrections. Moreover, the method may further comprise obtaining the white point correction by determining a white point correction matrix and obtaining the chromatic correction by determining a chromatic correction matrix.
Determining a white point correction matrix may comprise displaying a color on a display device, the color being defined by an original white point matrix in a known illuminant condition, e.g., D50, and adjusting at least some white point matrix values so that visual appearance on the display device is visually equivalent to a print. Adjusting at least some white point matrix values may comprise adjusting maximum phosphor settings on a display.
Determining a chromatic correction matrix may comprise displaying a color on a display device, the color being defined by an original chromatic matrix in a known illuminant condition, e.g., D50, and adjusting at least some chromatic matrix values so that visual appearance on the display device is visually equivalent to a print. Adjusting at least some chromatic matrix values may comprise adjusting chromaticity values in an RGB color space such as the AdobeRGB(d50) color space.
In another embodiment, a method includes determining device-independent coordinates defining a color on a hard copy, and generating corrected coordinates using the device-independent coordinates, a white point correction and a chromatic correction. Moreover, the method may further comprise displaying the color using the corrected coordinates. The displayed color may be visually equivalent to the color on the hard copy.
The white point correction may be a white point correction matrix and the chromatic correction may be chromatic correction matrix. These matrices may be determined based on characterization of the output of a display device. For instance, determining the white point correction matrix may comprise displaying a color on a display device, the color being defined by an original white point matrix in a known illuminant condition, e.g., D50, and adjusting at least some white point matrix values so that visual appearance on the display device is visually equivalent to a white printout viewed in the known illuminant condition. Moreover, determining the chromatic correction matrix may comprise displaying a color on a display device, the color being defined by an original chromatic matrix in a known illuminant condition, e.g., D50, and adjusting at least some chromatic matrix values so that visual appearance on the display device is visually equivalent to a color printout viewed in the known illuminant condition.
In another embodiment, a method includes converting device-dependent coordinates that define a color in a printing device to device-independent coordinates, and adjusting the device-independent coordinates using a white point correction and a chromatic correction. The method may further comprise converting the corrected device-independent coordinates to device-dependent coordinates that define a color in a display device. Moreover, the method may further comprise displaying the color using the corrected coordinates. The displayed color, for instance, may be visually equivalent to the color on the hard copy. Again, the white point correction may be a white point correction matrix and the chromatic correction may be chromatic correction matrix.
In another embodiment, a method includes adjusting maximum phosphor values for a display device so that a first color displayed on the display device matches white in a defined illuminant condition for a hard copy, and adjusting color settings so that a second color displayed on the display device matches a defined color in the defined illuminant condition. By way of example, the defined illuminant condition may be a D50 illuminant condition.
Adjusting color settings may comprise adjusting color settings within a computer program. For instance, adjusting color settings may comprise adjusting chromaticity values in an RGB color space such as an AdobeRGB(50) color space.
In still another embodiment, a method includes creating a first visual representation of an image on a hard copy, and creating a second visual representation of the image on a display device. The first visual representation and the second visual representation, for instance, may have different device-independent coordinates. However, both white point and saturated colors on the display device may be a good visual match to those of the hard copy. Indeed, both white point and saturated colors on the display may even be visually equivalent to those of the hard copy.
In other embodiments, the invention comprises a system including a display device and memory device coupled to a processor. The processor may perform one or more of the methods described above.
In still other embodiments, the invention comprises a computer readable medium that carries program code that when executed performs one or more of the methods described above.
In still other embodiments, the invention comprises a computer readable medium carrying a color profile data structure thereon. The color profile data structure may correspond to a first device and may include illuminant condition values that do not correspond to actual illuminant conditions associated with the first device. An image rendered on a second device using the color profile data structure may be visually equivalent to the image rendered on the first device.
Additional details of these and other embodiments are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects and advantages will become apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.
In exemplary embodiments, the invention comprises methods, systems and computer readable media carrying program code that facilitate soft proofing. The invention may implement one or more transformation techniques to transform color coordinates between hard copy and soft copy proofing environments. The transformation ensures that color images that appear on a display device will be a visually acceptable match to color images that appear on print media.
In one embodiment, for example, the invention is a method that includes adjusting the maximum phosphor values for a display device so that a first color displayed on the display device matches white in a defined illuminant condition for a hard copy. The method may also include adjusting color settings so that a second color displayed on the display device matches a defined color in the defined illuminant condition. The method may ensure that images that appear on a display device in a soft proofing environment will be visually equivalent to images that appear on print media.
The ultimate goal of soft proofing technology is to facilitate the accurate rendering of color images on a display device. In other words, soft proofing technology seeks to display color images on a display device that are a "visually acceptable match," "visually equivalent," or a "good visual match" to color images on print media. Two images are "visually equivalent" if their empirical delta E error is approximately equal to, or less than 1. A good visual match occurs when a person trained in color management cannot visually identify a difference between the color values of two color images. A visually acceptable match is a match that is acceptable in a soft proofing environment.
As mentioned, two images are "visually equivalent" if their empirical delta E error is approximately equal to, or less than 1. By way of example, the value of empirical delta E can be determined for a single color by displaying an RGB color on a CRT. A hard copy of the color can be placed adjacent to the CRT for comparison. Several operators trained in color management can compare the color on the hard copy to that on the CRT, and can adjust the RGB value of the color on the CRT so the color on the CRT matches that of the hard copy. If necessary, effects of scattered light can be eliminated by viewing and comparing the two colors through a telescopic-like tube. If the average of the corrections determined by the operators is near zero for R, G, and B, the CRT and hard copy colors may be said to have an empirical delta E that is near zero. If the average deltas are non-zero, the empirical delta E can be determined by converting RGB to L*a*b* using the display ICC profile for the original RGB and the average adjusted RGB. The delta E can then be computed from the L*a*b* values.
Imaging devices include printing devices and display devices. Printing devices may include, for example, laser printers, ink jet printers, thermal imagers, dot matrix printers, printing presses or any other device capable of printing to tangible media such as paper or film. Display devices include cathode ray tubes (CRTs), liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and other flat screen displays, digital paper, electronic ink displays, and any other device capable of rendering images from electronic input signals or data.
Typically, printing devices and display devices both make use of device-dependent coordinates to define color. Printing devices, for instance, typically use CMYK or CMYKOG coordinates to define color, and therefore, printing devices may have an associated CMYK gamut or CMYKOG gamut defining the color capabilities of the printing device. Many display devices currently use RGB coordinates to define color, and therefore, typically have an associated RGB gamut that defines the color capabilities of the display device. A CRT display device, for instance, makes use of different combinations of red, green and blue phosphors that can display colors within the RGB gamut of the device.
The visual appearance of a color, however, is also dependent on illuminant conditions. For instance, the same printout may look different when viewed under different lighting. For this reason, the illuminant condition is generally a fixed variable when comparing colors defined by one or more color spaces. The illuminant condition is important in both hard copy and soft proofing environments.
Experimental research has uncovered an apparent breakdown in color science as defined by the CIE standards. In particular, a display device and printing device can produce color images that have the same measured XYZ coordinates, yet the images can look visually different. For example, CRT displays that are calibrated to a D50 illuminant condition look yellow when compared to printed images with the same XYZ coordinates viewed in a D50 illuminant condition.
Theoretically, images with the same measured XYZ coordinates should appear to be identical. Unfortunately, it appears that this is not necessarily the case for a visual comparison of hard copy and soft images. Thus, to achieve color matching between images on a display device and images printed on hard copy media that is of "proofing quality," i.e., a visually acceptable match, visually equivalent or a good visual match, transformation of the XYZ coordinates in accordance with the invention may be necessary.
Referring again to
For example, an image may be comprised of image data that includes a large collection of CMYK coordinates. Each of these coordinates can be converted to device-independent coordinates (11), and then transformed (12). Each transformed coordinate may then be converted to form a second set of device-dependent coordinates (13).
The second set of device-dependent coordinates, for example, may be associated with a second imaging device. For instance, if the second imaging device is a display device such as a CRT, the second set of device-dependent coordinates may be a collection of RGB coordinates. Each RGB coordinate can be generated from the transformed coordinates.
The transformation operation (12) is important in obtaining accurate color matching. Transformation (12) adjusts device-independent coordinates to ensure that the output on a display device, for example, looks substantially the same as the print out of a printer. While this transformation may be "theoretically" unnecessary, given the widely-accepted CIE color equations, the general breakdown in color science discussed above mandates the use of this transformation, especially in the field of soft proofing where color matching is critical. Thus, the invention compensates for color matching deficiencies that arise in the conventional XYZ transformations in the context of hard copy to soft copy matching.
Referring again to
After correcting the white point (31), the chromatic colors may be corrected (32). The correction to the chromatic colors, for example, may be categorized as a correction to the saturated colors in the device gamut. For instance, if the correction is being applied to a CRT defined by an RGB gamut, the correction to the chromatic colors may be an adjustment to the R, G, and B chromaticities.
In one example, the correction to the chromatic colors involves first determining correction values. To do this, a CMYK image should be converted to digital form. For example, a CMYK image can be converted to AdobeRGB(50) using absolute rendering intent with an accurate Matchprint™ profile as measured by a spectrophotometer, i.e., a profile for the output of an Imation Matchprint™ laser proofer commercially available from Imation Corp. of Oakdale, Minn. Optimally, the image used for comparison should contain 100% solids and overprints of C, M, Y, R (e.g., M+Y), G (e.g., C+Y), and B (e.g., C+M), although the invention is not limited in that respect. At this point, the RGB working space should be set to AdobeRGB(D50). The digital image can be compared to the CMYK Matchprint™ hard copy in a viewing station and the R, G, and B chromaticities of the AdobeRGB(D50) working space can be adjusted until either a visually acceptable match or a good visual match is achieved, or until the two images are visually equivalent. Again, the adjustments to the R, G, and B chromaticities of the display device working space should be noted.
After setting the illuminant condition in the RGB working space (41), an RGB soft copy of white can be displayed next to a CMYK hard copy of white (42). For example, a white area with the same L*a*b* values as that of a white CMYK hard copy can be created in the RGB working space and displayed next to the CMYK hard copy. The illuminant condition illuminating the CMYK hard copy should still be D50. The soft copy of white can then be visually compared to the hard copy white (43).
Having compared the hard copy white to the soft copy white, the maximum phosphor settings on the display device can be adjusted to achieve a visual match between the hard copy and soft copy (44). The phosphor settings can be incrementally adjusted by a user, for instance, until the white that appears on the display looks the same as the white on the hard copy. Once a visual match of white is achieved, the amount of adjustment to the phosphor settings can be documented (45).
After converting the CMYK image to RGB, the working space can be set according to the hard copy illuminant condition (52). For example if the hard copy illuminant condition is D50, the RGB working space should be set to AdobeRGB(D50). Once the working space is set (52), the phosphor settings of the display can be adjusted to correspond to a visual white point (53).
At this point, an RGB soft copy of the image can be displayed next to a CMYK hard copy of the image (54). Again, the CMYK hard copy should still be illuminated with a D50 illuminant. The hard copy of the image can then be visually compared to the soft copy of the image (55). A viewing station, for example, may be implemented to ensure that D50 illuminant conditions are achieved when the soft copy is compared to the hard copy.
The R, G, and B chromaticities of the AdobeRGB(D50) working space can be adjusted to achieve a visual match between the hard copy and the soft copy of the image (56). For instance, the chromaticities of the AdobeRGB(D50) working space can be incrementally adjusted by a user until the colors that appear on the display look the same as the colors on the hard copy. The adjustments to the chromaticities can then be documented (57).
Having determined and documented the corrections to the white point and the chromaticities, the transformation can be repeated by inputting the correction values into a mathematical framework as outlined below. Moreover, after performing the mathematical transformation from XYZ to X′Y′Z′ outlined below, a new profile such as an ICC profile can be created to allow CMYK images rendered with the corrected ICC profile to look the same as the RGB images that were visually corrected by modifying the AdobeRGB chromaticities. An ICC profile would conform to existing specifications published by the International Color Consortium (ICC) for characterization of device characteristics.
One implementation of the transformation uses matrix algebra to realize very accurate matching results. The total resulting XYZ to X′Y′Z′ correction transform can be described as follows:
where the first matrix M1 performs a correction to XYZ with regard to the white point and M2 performs a correction to the chromaticities.
The M1 correction effectively rescales the maximum R, G, and B intensities of phosphors in a display device such that the white point of the display device at RGB(max) measures xD50+ΔxD50, yD50+ΔyD50 rather than xD50, yD50. The variables ΔxD50 and ΔyD50 modify the theoretical D50 white point to account for visible differences. Thus, xD50+ΔxD50,yD50+ΔyD50 define the visual white point.
The M2 correction effectively rescales the R, G and B values such that the saturated colors of the display device measure xr2+Δxr2, yr2+Δyr2; xg2+Δxg2, yg2+Δyg2; and xb2+Δxb2, yb2+Δyb2, rather then xr2, yr2; xg2, yg2; and xb2, yb2. The sets of variables Δxr2, Δyr2; Δxg2, Δyg2; and Δxb2, Δyb2 modify the theoretical RGB chromaticities to account for visible differences.
The white point correction matrix M1 can be written as:
M 1(Δx D50 ,Δy D50)=M(x r
M 1(Δx D50 ,Δy D50)=M(x D50 +Δx D50 ,y D50 +Δy D50)M −1(x D50 ,y D50)
Although the matrix M is actually a function of RGB chromaticities and white point chromaticities, the notation has been simplified to indicate that the only parameters that are varying are the corrections to the white point. The RGB chromaticities can be considered constant when calculating the white point correction matrix M1.
The matrix M defines the conversion from linear RGB space with a set of RGB, phosphors to measured XYZ for a particular CRT display that is set to a measured white point of chromaticity x, y. The values of the ΔxD50 and ΔyD50 indicate the visual correction required to the chromaticity of D50 necessary to match the display device to a neutral white reflector illuminated in a viewing station with D50 illuminant.
To define M as a function of just chromaticities the expression begins as a description of matrix M in terms of the measured tristimulus values X, Y, and Z for R, G, and B. The values of XYZ relate to chromaticity values x, y according to the equations:
where Mc is a chromaticity matrix given by:
The chromaticity matrix Mc can be further reduced to a function of just the x, y chromaticities for R, G, and B as follows:
If the RGB chromaticities are fixed, the chromaticity matrix Mc is a fixed matrix.
In order to obtain the matrix M as a function of the chromaticity matrix Mc and the white point chromaticities, the equations can be solved as follows:
This equation can be expressed as a function of white point chromaticities:
Thus the resulting equation for M is a function of RGB and white point chromaticities only. By assuming that the RGB chromaticities are fixed, this becomes a function of white point only:
Hence, the expression used to determine the white point correction matrix M1 can be expressed as:
The chromatic correction matrix M2, i.e., the saturated color correction matrix or RGB chromaticity correction matrix can be determined in a manner similar to the way the white point correction matrix M1 was determined above. However, to determine and reduce the expression of M2, the white point chromaticities are assumed fixed and the RGB chromaticities are the variables.
The white point correction matrix M1 can be applied to correct errors between a theoretical white point of a display device and the empirical white point, e.g., a visual white point. The chromatic correction matrix M2 can be applied to correct the remaining errors in the saturated colors. In other words the M2 matrix can correct errors between the theoretical values of saturated colors and empirically or visually measured values of the saturated colors. The M2 matrix can be applied to adjust a physical monitor, or alternatively, can be applied to adjust a working space such as AdobeRGB or sRGB.
For instance, if the chromatic correction M2 matrix will be applied to adjust a working space, it can be expressed as:
M 2(Δx r ,Δy r ,Δx g ,Δy g ,Δx b ,Δy b)=M(x r
where xwp, ywp are assumed to be xD50, yD50, and xr2, yr2, xg2, yg2, and xb2, yb2 are the chromaticities of the RGB working space.
The white point correction, the chromatic correction, or both, can be stored in a color profile. A color profile is a data structure that describes the color characteristics of a particular device. Color profiles typically include color information such as information describing how the device converts from device-independent coordinates to device-dependent coordinates. By storing either the correction variables or redefining the color profile to include transformations like those described above, the color profile can enhance and improve soft proofing systems.
To achieve compatibility with existing systems and standards, a profile can include and yet hide the transformation data. For instance, an ICC profile including transformation data associated with rescaling of the RGB phosphors, for example, may still be characterized by a true D50 white point xD50, yD50 in the profile. In actuality however, the white point may in fact measure xD50+ΔxD50, yD50+ΔyD50 and XYZ values for RGB derived from the actual measured RGB chromaticities. When a system implements the profile, an accurate color match can be achieved.
From a somewhat broader perspective, the invention may comprise a multi-step transformation of device-independent coordinates. While experimental results have shown that the bifurcated transformation technique outlined above yields good color matching results, the transformation process could be broken up even further. Moreover, the transformation could be implemented in device-independent color spaces other than an XYZ color space. Referring again to the XYZ example, however, a more general correction can be represented by the equation:
The matrices M1-Mn may make the corrections to different chromaticities. By way of example, M1 could correct white point chromaticity, M2 could correct red chromaticity, M3 could correct green chromaticity, M4 could correct blue chromaticity, and so forth.
In general, each matrix in the collection of matrices M1-Mn can be described as follows. If you let MComponent Transform(MCT) represent any matrix in the set of matrices {M1-Mn}, then MCT=(MTheoretical)−1(MExperimental). The matrix MTheoretical defines the conversion from device-dependent space to device-independent space according to the theories of color science. The matrix MExperimental defines the conversion from device-dependent space to device-independent space according to experimental results such as visual comparison. If the theories of color science are empirically robust, then MTheoretical will be the same as MExperimental, and (MTheoretical)−1(MExperimental) will yield an MCT that is an identity matrix. However, if the theories of color science break down and MTheoretical is not the same as MExperimental, MCT will not be an identity matrix; but rather, MCT will be the transform matrix for yielding a color match for that respective chromaticity.
The processor may take the form of a general purpose microprocessor and can be integrated with or form part of a PC, Macintosh, computer workstation, hand-held data terminal, palm computer, digital paper, or the like. The user input device may include a conventional keyboard and pointing device such as a mouse, pen, or trackball, if desired. The monitor may include a CRT, flat panel display, or the like, that displays textual and/or graphic information to the user. The memory may include random access memory (RAM) storing program code that is accessed and executed by processor to carry out color transformation techniques.
The program code can be loaded into the memory from a storage device, which may take the form of a fixed hard drive or removable media drive associated with the system. For example, the program code can be initially carried on computer-readable media such as magnetic, optical, magneto-optic, phase-change, or other disk or tape media. Alternatively, the program code may be loaded into memory from electronic computer-readable media such as EEPROM, or downloaded over a network connection. If downloaded, the program code may be initially embedded in a carrier wave or otherwise transmitted on an electromagnetic signal. The program code may be embodied as a feature in an application program providing a wide range of functionality.
Soft proofing system 60 may also include soft proofing color management control 65 coupled to the respective proofing stations 62A-62D. The soft proofing color management control 65, for example, may input image data to the respective proofing stations 62A-62D. The image data, for example may be transformed by color management control 65, before being sent to proofing stations 62A-62D. Alternatively, image data may be transformed by each respective proofing station 62A-62D after being sent from the color management control 65.
Soft proofing system 60 may also be associated with at least one printing device 68 such as a printing press. In operation, soft proofing system 60 may generate a color image at the respective proofing stations 62A-62D. Color specialists may inspect the image at respective proofing stations 62A-62D and the visual appearance of the image may be adjusted to their liking. Once the image looks acceptable at the proofing stations 62A-62D, printing device 68 may be used to mass print large quantities print media that look visually equivalent to the image displayed at the proofing stations 62A-62D. Importantly, implementing the techniques and teachings outlined above can help ensure that the images printed by printing device 68 will appear visually equivalent to the images that appear at the proofing stations 62A-62D.
An accurate soft proofing system can be realized based on the assumption that a simple matrix-based correction to XYZ will result in a good correlation between CRT displays and reflective hard copies. This correction can either be formulated as correcting hard copy XYZ values to the corresponding CRT XYZ values:
or correcting CRT XYZ values to the corresponding hard copy XYZ values:
The examples below illustrate ways in which this transform can be used.
The matrix MHC→CRT −1 can be applied automatically in the driver software or EPROM of the device that measures XYZ (or equivalent) measurement data. Thus, all analog and digital settings of the CRT (most notably the white point or color temperature setting) will automatically correlate well to the illuminant chosen for viewing reflective images. Furthermore, all measured XYZ data will be automatically corrected. If the measurement device is used to set a D50 white point on the CRT, then am ICC profile can be generated in the standard manner. A good visual match between CRT and hard copy will occur.
Some color measurement tools such as Kodak ColorFlow™ and Gretag-Macbeth ProfileMaker™ measure 100% R, G, B, and a series of gray colors ranging from black to white. In addition, other ICC tools may measure extra combinations of RGB color values. The most common result is a simple matrix/TRC profile based directly on the XYZ measured data. In the case where the CRT is not set to a D50 white point, a chromatic adoption can be applied to the data in order to adjust it to D50.
These measurement tools, however, are hampered by the fact that the XYZ data of the CRT is not visually consistent with the XYZ data measured for other media. Thus, to achieve a good visual match between devices and media, the MHC→CRT −1 matrix can be applied automatically to the CRT XYZ data. This conversion can be applied for all situations involving measurement, including specifications of CRT's and control of CRTs, relative to the hard copy.
Suppliers of operating systems and/or CRT hardware can implement the current invention to achieve good visual matches between their CRTs and various printers. For instance, a good visual match can be achieved by first correcting all XYZ data used to define the automatic CRT setup conditions (such as white point or color temperature) using the MHC→CRT −1 matrix. Second, using the MHC→CRT −1 matrix, all XYZ data used to generate the ICC profiles can be corrected automatically to characterize the CRT for a particular setup condition.
In other words, the current invention can be used to redefine of the CIE specification for color with respect to CRTs. Moreover, this redefinition can be used for any color metric, including specifically soft proofing applications.
The matrix MHC→CRT can be applied to the XYZ values of the illuminant for hard copy (e.g. D50) in order to derive the corresponding CRT white point values in XYZ for the CRT:
The uncorrected ICC profile for the CRT can be constructed from the combination of chromaticity and white point values for the CRT.
The corrected matrix can then be calculated by simply applying the transform to convert from CRT XYZ to hard copy XYZ and then re-computing the chromaticity values in the expression above. Alternatively, the correction can be separated into a white point correction and chromatic correction.
If the CRT has been set physically to a corrected visual white point (e.g. MHC→CRT (XYZD50)), then by definition the corrected values of CRT white point chromaticities xwp,ywp going from CRT to hard copy will be xD50,yD50. This is because the corrected values of XYZ (going from CRT back to HC) will be D50 for the CRT white:
Thus the CRT matrix that is corrected for CRT to hard copy will automatically have the value of desired white point chromaticities, i.e., the same white point as that of the hard copy illuminant such as D50. This is equivalent to applying the white point correction matrix M1 −1 to the CRT XYZ data upon which the CRT profile is based.
The remaining chromatic correction can simply be performed by applying the chromatic correction matrix M2 −1 to the CRT matrix constructed above using the uncorrected chromaticities for RGB and the corrected white point chromaticity values (e.g., D50). The advantage of this approach is that standard ICC generating tools can be employed to construct an uncorrected ICC profile for a CRT in which the desired white point (e.g., D50) has been assumed. The resulting profile can be corrected in a simple manner by applying the chromatic correction matrix M2 −1 to the matrix portion of the matrix/TRC profile. This simple correction, combined with setting the white point of the CRT to a visually accurate D50 white point, will result in a good visual match between the CRT and hard copy.
The matrix MHC→CRT is applied to the XYZ values for hard copy in order to derive the corresponding values in XYZ for the CRT.
Recall that the matrix for a CRT can be constructed from the combination of chromaticity and white point values for the CRT.
Assuming that the above values for this matrix are constant, then a new matrix can be defined based on the constants and corrections to the constants.
The MHC→CRT matrix can then be created based on visual correction techniques.
M HC→CRT =M(Δx r
This final expression defines a single matrix that is a function of visual corrections to white point and the chromaticities. This single matrix can be used to correlate XYZ values of hard copy to XYZ values for a CRT.
A number of implementations of the present invention have been described. For instance, color transformation techniques have been described for transforming device-independent coordinates to facilitate color matching. One or more implementations may be practiced with or without other color imaging techniques to realize soft proofing.
Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For instance, the transformation techniques may be implemented to improve color matching between any two imaging devices. For instance, the transformation techniques may be implemented to improve color matching between two printers or between two displays. Moreover, the concept of bifurcating a device-independent coordinate transformation can be applied more broadly than the white point verses chromatic implementation that is described in detail above.
A system implementing the transformation techniques can be one that converts a first set device-dependent coordinates to device-independent coordinates, performs the transformation, and the converts the transformed device-independent coordinates to a second set of device-dependent coordinates. Alternatively, the system can be one that converts a first set device-dependent coordinates to device-independent coordinates, performs the transformation calculations, and then converts a second set of device-dependent coordinates to the transformed device-independent coordinates.
These and other modifications can be made to the description above. Accordingly, other implementations and embodiments are within the scope of the following claims.
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 18, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jul 21, 2017
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed


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