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Books of Women's Conduct from France during the High and Late Middle Ages, 1200-1400
Throughout their lives, men and women in the Middle Ages were expected to conform to strict standards for moral and social behavior. Along with informal advice, numerous medieval writings in verse and prose communicated precepts for social behavior. Sometimes styled as dialogues, or as advice from a parent to a child, "rules for the conduct of life" fostered successful social interactions at every stage of life--from the young apprentice learning her trade in the house of a master craftsman, to the pious widow living a life of religious seclusion. In addition to establishing rules for appropriate conduct in youth, adulthood, and old age, conduct books set standards of behavior for people in each of the three medieval estates: those who prayed, (cloistered monks and nuns, clerics) those who worked, (peasants and craftspeople) and those who fought (knights and kings). Often these books address a specific audience within one of these estates, but speak to a wider one. A book such as the Ancrene Wisse, (Guide for Anchoresses) for example, was in all likelihood written for a group of three sisters who became religious recluses, but the writer anticipates that his advice will be applicable to a much wider audience (Millett, Intro., xii).
Although there were conduct books written for men, the greater number of surviving manuscripts from southern Europe is directed toward the supervision and control of women's activity in domestic settings. In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries women's conduct literature emerged in France as a genre largely written by men, which focused on training secular women in their domestic roles and religious duties. Most of these books exhort women to become more compliant wives, more virtuous daughters, and more efficient household managers. This article will provide the reader with an introduction to the topic of domestic instruction in five representative French works for women and their authors.
The well-instructed lady: Robert de Blois and the Chastoiement des dames.
Thirteenth-century conduct literature included instruction in morality and courtesy for the upper classes. Often these works combine the satire of human, or class failings with moral advice. Dating from approximately 1260, the Chastoiement des dames (The Ladies' Instruction) consists of over seven hundred lines of rhymed text divided into subsections, or chapters, on various points of social conduct and courtesy for women of high rank. The work was read aloud, or declaimed to a mixed audience of upper class ladies and gentlemen. Robert de Blois was a poet from the northeastern region of France, who possessed some clerical education. The tone of Robert's advice to women seems frivolous at times, and often borders on the satirical. Points one through ten teach the lady to discipline her speech and gaze, and establish the perimeters of sexual intimacy. The lady should allow no man to touch her breast except "he who has the right to it." To her husband, however, a lady should be obedient in all things, and submit to his desires "as the monk is obedient to his abbot" (Fox 108-9). Points eleven through sixteen offer advice about courteous conduct at church, at devotions, and at table. Ladies are often blamed for speaking too freely, says the narrator, therefore she should exercise judgment in speaking. Ladies are especially warned against quarreling and drunkenness. She who quarrels is no lady at all, but a "ribald." Anger deprives her of valor and leaves only villainy. Similarly, drunkenness takes away all the good that is in a lady (316), just as it does in men of virtue.
Robert de Blois borrows the idea of courtesy from the older Ovidian "Art of Love" tradition that advised ladies that manners and a clean appearance were necessary in order to attract lovers. He revises this ideal to place courtesy squarely in the context of the lady's role as wife and social role model. Where practical advice on manners is offered, its goal is to prevent social offense rather than to attract romantic attention. For example, in the section entitled, Ensoignement de covrir sa paule color et sa maule odor, "Instructions on how to conceal her pale color and her bad odor," he advises that the lady who has bad breath should stand a little apart from her interlocutor when conversing "so that her breath does not reach him." When at church, she should hold her breath while taking the Peace (Fox 380-387). Similarly, when greeting others, if a lady has an offensive laugh, or bad teeth, she should cover her mouth (370-372).
Robert also preaches that instead of cultivating her outward beauty, a lady should cultivate inner virtues, and guard her honor. In this respect, Robert's portrayal of what is proper for a lady resembles ideas of courtliness and chivalry in the twelfth-century romances of Chrétien de Troyes. These narratives set high standards of moral behavior for both ladies and knights, and reflect themes similar to those found in the Chastoiement des dames. In the romance, Erec et Enide, for example, Chrétien explores the social complexity of the injunction against feminine speech by showing how the wife of a young knight helps her husband avoid a dangerous situation when she violates this social norm. Chivalric ideals receive yet a different treatment in the work of a fourteenth-century knight, Geoffroy de La Tour Landry.
To teach my daughters to read: Geoffroy de La Tour Landry and the survival of a fourteenth-century noble family.
During the early Middle Ages, only women in convents gained the skill of reading, and these were usually under the close supervision of male clerics. Works of instruction written in the vernacular for female audiences in the fourteenth century indicate a rise in literacy among the general populace, and among women in particular. The Livre du Chevalier de La Tour Landry (later translated into English by William Caxton as The Book of the Knight of the Tower) composed by Geoffroy de La Tour Landry for his three daughters in 1371 and 1372, also indicates changing male attitudes toward women's literacy and education. The work combines instruction in reading with moral exempla so that young women might learn to behave honorably in their roles as daughters and wives by reading from the lives of their ancestors, and from the lives of the saints. He writes in the voice of a father speaking to his daughters, but with the anticipation of reaching a wider audience of women outside his own family. Geoffroy de la Tour Landry was a chevalier-banneret, (a knight whose rank entitled him to ride into battle with his own banner and retinue) who had fought in the battles in and around Tours during the Hundred Years' War. Men of Geoffroy's rank were in the service of the king, but retained a degree of economic and social independence from the court. Geoffroy mentions some of the great noble houses of France in his book, (Craon and Chatillon) but makes a distinction between himself and the "great men of the world." Geoffroy was in all likelihood the fourth knight of La Tour Landry, whose military exploits are recorded at the siege of Aiguillon in 1346. As a military man, his views on morality are informed by the chivalric culture that emphasized loyal service to superiors and the conformity of deed to word, and the preservation of noble lineage (Ho 102).
At the time of writing, (1371-2) Geoffroy had lost his first wife, the mother of his three daughters and sons. He tells us that he has also written a book for his sons, but this work has not been preserved. The prologue describes him seated in his garden as he watches his three young daughters walk toward him and describes his plan to protect their interests in the future by teaching them to read, (apprendre à roumancier) so that they can study the good and bad deeds of their ancestors. In addition to teaching his daughters to read, Geoffroy establishes rules that severely restrict a woman's freedom of speech and movement. The tales in his collection deal for the lesser part with courtesy (e.g., how to conduct one's self graciously in order to obtain a profitable marriage offer ) and for the greater part with articulating a moral code he credits with protecting a woman's social reputation within marriage. In the book, women's activities can be grouped into four categories; travel and movement (e.g., pilgrimage or elopement), sex (adultery, pre-marital romance), inappropriate eating (breaking fasts, or thieving food) and speech (gossip, counsel). The female characters who violate moral and social prohibitions by behavior such as talking in church, wearing make-up or leaving their husbands for however short a time, are punished, usually in a violent manner graphically described in the text. The description of punishments for wayward women often includes humiliating the woman publicly by exposing her fault to the view of family and community. In the tale of adultery recounted in chapter xxxiiii, a young worldly lady pretends to go on pilgrimage in order to meet her lover. While she is chatting with her lover one day during mass, the lady is mysteriously stricken by paralysis, so that no one knows whether she is alive or dead. She is carried home by her husband, and subsequently is visited by a vision of her mother, father, and the Virgin Mary, who all impress on her the importance of remaining loyal to her husband. Through the vision that reminds the lady of her role as daughter and wife, she is restored to her senses, and re-integrated into the community. Other punishments described in the book are more physically violent in nature and contain strong elements of poetic justice (the woman who has overindulged in make-up has her face eternally disfigured by devils), or deliberate retaliation (the adulterous woman has her nose cut off by her husband), or involve other acts of physical disfigurement that reduces the woman's chance for an advantageous marriage.
The pattern of moral failing and punishment reflects Geoffroy's sources in collections of sermon illustrations known as exempla. Medieval clerics used vivid stories to illustrate the lessons contained in a particular passage of scripture. Beginning in the thirteenth century, the Franciscans, with their mission to preach to large numbers of people, collected exempla into books to be used by traveling friars. One exemplum collection designed for female audiences, the Miroir des bonnes femmes, "The Mirror of Good Women," served as an important source for the stories contained in the Livre du Chevalier de La Tour Landry (Grigsby 194). The Miroir is divided into two sections: examples of the "good" women of the Old Testament, and counter-examples of the "bad" women. Geoffroy reproduces many of the exempla from the Miroir, holding up the Virgin Mary as ideal, and using Eve as anti-model. The first exemplum in the Miroir des bonnes femmes comments on the story of the temptation of Adam and Eve in the third chapter of Genesis by enumerating the nine follies of Eve. Geoffroy expands the list of Eve's follies into nine different exempla in his book. The influence of the Miroir can also be seen in Geoffroy's treatment of biblical women as social models. He holds up the Virgin Mary to women as a model for feminine virtue--the opposite of Eve. Geoffroy's version of Mary's visit to Elizabeth (1 Luke 39-56 RSV) includes the admonition that ladies should strive to outdo each other in humility, as did the Virgin when she went to visit her kinswoman, Elizabeth (La Tour Landry 215). Interpretations of biblical episodes as lessons in proper virtues for ladies may have influenced medieval cycle drama as well (Ashley 30-31).
Probably the most popular of all French conduct books, the Livre du Chevalier de La Tour Landry pour l'enseignement de ses filles was quickly translated into English and German, and exists in twenty-one different manuscripts from the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, and in several different early printed books. By stressing the subjection of wives and daughters to male authority in the home, La Tour Landry attempts to insure his secure lineage and social rank by making his household, and the male-managed household generally, reflect the values of the feudal system that had long been the foundation for the La Tour Landry family and for the chivalric class as a whole.
Religious Mirrors for Ladies and Gentlemen: Philippe de Mézières's Livre de la vertu du sacrement de mariage et du réconfort des dames mariées.
Philippe de Mézières was an important figure in the French monarchy of Charles V and Charles VI. He served Charles V in a diplomatic capacity as chancellor of Cyprus until 1373 when he returned to Paris to serve as royal councilor. Before his death in 1380, Charles selected Philippe to tutor the young Charles VI, a role which afforded him considerable influence over the formation of future government policy even after his retirement to the convent of the Celestines, (a branch of the Franciscan order) in 1385. Philippe's politically active life as a crusader and a diplomat may have provided Chaucer with the model for the Knight's Tale in the Canterbury Tales.
Written between 1385 and 1389, Philippe de Mézières's Livre de la vertu du sacrement de mariage et du réconfort des dames mariées et de tout bon Crestien par un devot example de la passion de Jesu Crist et du miroir des dames mariées, la noble Marquise de Saluce ("The Book of the Virtue of the Sacrament of Marriage and the Comfort of Married Ladies and of all Good Christians by a Devout Example of the Passion of Jesus Christ and the Mirror of Married Ladies, the Noble Marquise de Saluce"), addresses ladies and gentlemen jointly in their roles as husbands and wives in the Christian sacrament of marriage. The author uses the meditation of Christ's passion on the cross as a base on which to construct an elaborate allegory of Christ's marriage to the soul, and a guide to spiritual comfort for married persons.
Books of instruction were often referred to as "mirrors" in the Middle Ages, a designation which underscores the importance of visual metaphors in medieval didactic theory. Often the life of a holy, or exemplary, person formed the mirror, as in the Miroir des bonnes femmes; or a doctrinal point, as in the Mirouer de la redemption. Readers of the Livre de la vertu are encouraged to see themselves in the mirror of Christ's suffering during the Passion, and so to understand that Christ's divine love is reflected in human relationships, especially in the married relationship. Philippe remarks in his prologue that the knowledge of Christ's love is the reason that prompts us to love one another, and he is prepared to explain to his readers how this love works: Mais comment Jesu Crist nous a amé et jusques a la mort en cestui livre il est assés declairié, "But how Jesus Christ loved us unto death is explained quite clearly in this book" (Mézières f. 1, translation mine). He imagines the Livre de la vertu itself as a four-sided mirror, each side of which corresponds to one of four different books. Book One describes the hours of the Passion as a royal wedding between Christ the King and Holy Church. Book Two narrates the life and sufferings of the Virgin Mary, and lists other women of virtue or vice. Book Three describes the sacrament of marriage between a man and a woman as the reflection of the spiritual marriage between Christ and the Church. Book Four narrates the life of Griselda, the Marquise of Saluce as a model for all married ladies to imitate.
Marriage, explains Philippe, is a good institution, but it is less worthy of praise than virginity and continence, and thus the married are most in need of spiritual comfort. In Book Three Philippe describes several maladies afflicting those men and women who "break the covenant of their marriage." Chief among the illnesses that afflict married persons, particularly wives, is the disease of discontent, or jealousy, which can lead to seven different forms of suffering, corresponding to the seven sufferings of Christ during the Passion. Posing as the physician who assists the Great Physician, who is Christ, Philippe describes the symptoms in wives of Hydropsy (caused by the sin of pride) Paralysis (caused by envy or jealousy), Apoplexy (caused by anger), Colic (from avarice), The Cough, or la touse (a symptom of laziness) and most severe of all, Frenesy, or Madness, which heralds the presence of Luxuria, (lust). With the exception of the last, all of the maladies that Philippe describes in the Livre are attested in late-medieval medical practice. It is likely that Philippe consulted either the Chirurgia of Henry of Mondeville, or the Grande chirurgie of Guy de Chauliac (Picherit, 60-70). Against these afflictions Philippe prescribes a number of different elixirs and purgatives designed to restore the balance of the humors in the body through the powers of the Fine Ruby (Christ) and the Fine Diamond (the Virgin Mary). Philippe offers the Passion as the ultimate mirror of health to suffering wives and husbands: wives should imagine the scene of the Passion as if they were seeing it in a mirror, and take from it remedies for their bodies as well as their souls:
If the married lady who is discontented and sick will only look carefully into this precious example, into this mirror full of tears for the precious health of her Immortal Spouse, certainly she will be completely purged of her sickness and will love her [earthly] husband as perfectly, sweetly, and devoutly as she loves Christ. (Mézières f. 119)
In the Bible, the image of Christ as Bridegroom is found in the Revelation of John. Medieval mystics, such as Julian of Norwich, used the image to describe the soul's experience of God. Philippe uses the image in his book to identify husbands with Christ, and so to instruct secular women that it is their Christian duty to love their husbands.
<>A guide to household management for women of the bourgeois class: the Mesnagier de Paris
Echoing Philippe's assertion of the parallel between a Christian woman's obedience to Christ's authority and the obedience she owes to her husband, is the anonymous treatise on household management from the fourteenth century, the Mesnagier de Paris, or "The Householder of Paris," (known to English readers as "The Goodman of Paris") from 1395. Although the writer is anonymous, we can infer from the prologue and from various other statements he makes in his work that the author was an older man, with wide experience in the life of civil administration and public affairs in Paris. He expects his wife to be prepared to entertain kings and dukes in his house, and considers discretion, the ability to keep secrets, an essential virtue. The prologue explains that he is writing to his wife, a girl whom he expects to outlive him by a number of years. The author is careful to state from the outset that he expects his wife to grow into her position as manager of a large urban household, and not to learn everything at once. To this end he generally exhorts her to obey her husband in every matter, and to trust his judgment.
Georgine Brereton, who worked for over twenty years editing the manuscripts of the Mesnagier, considered that it was the author's unfinished project (Intro. xix). There are significant discrepancies between the plan of the work included by the author in his prologue, and the actual content of the work. The prologue calls for three distinctions, or topics, containing nine, six, and three articles respectively. Barely half of the planned number of articles actually appears in the actual text. From the third distinction, only the second article, a treatise on hawking, is included. The first distinction discusses the moral and devout responsibilities of wives, namely, to earn the love of God and the love of their husbands. This section contains nine articles, five of which are devoted to caring for one's husband. The plan of the second distinction calls for five articles about household management, including sections on hiring and training servants, and detailed information in menu planning. The third distinction is reduced from the author's original plan to include instructions for parlor games such as cards and dice, as well as the treatise on hawking. In his work, the author also includes several morally edifying tales; section two contains the tale of Griselda and the tale of Melibee and Prudence, (both tales of wives who exhibit patience with violent and unpredictable husbands) and section three was to close with a narrative poem by Jean Bruyant entitled, Le chemin de povreté et de richesse, or "The Way of Poverty and Riches."
The picture of married life in the Mesnagier has been described as conveying the tender side of medieval husbands, as the narrator extols the sweetness of married companionship, and the delights of a well-managed, and comfortable, middle-class home. The narrator frequently evokes intimacy by addressing his wife as "chere suer" (dear sister). Yet, in his view, the intimate bond between husbands and wives requires the complete obedience and submission of the wife to her husband's command. At the beginning of the first topic in the Mesnagier, the narrator invokes Christian textual authority to make the argument for women's necessary obedience to their husbands. He paraphrases Paul's Epistle to the Ephesians, 5: 22, in which Paul says that man is to be considered the head of the woman, just as Christ is considered head of the church:
That is to say that the commandment of God is that wives should be subjected to their husbands as to lords, and that the husband is therefore the head of the woman as Our Lord Jesus Christ is head of the Church. (Mesnagier I.vi.6; 188)
The author also refers to similar passages justifying the subordination of slaves to masters in Hebrews and of woman to man in Genesis. Since God created Eve as a helpmeet to Adam, it is right and just that husbands should treat their wives as subjects. The injunction that wives should obey their husbands is balanced, however, by the author's insisting that, after him, his wife will have authority over his household and servants. To the female servants in particular she ought to be "mistress of the household, commander, inspector, and sovereign administrator; and it is your responsibility to hold them in your subjection and obedience, to teach, corrrect, and instruct them" (Mesnagier II iii 6; 128). That the wife should work primarily in the household and gardens, and should supervise female servants conforms generally to the medieval idea of the division of labor. The depth of authority over the household that the author grants to his wife, however, must be evaluated in view of the many anecdotes and feminine models he includes that stress the necessity of conjugal obedience.
Perhaps the most well known story from the Middle Ages of an obedient wife is the story of patient Griselda, created by Boccaccio and subsequently re-worked by Petrarch and Chaucer. The tale of Griselda is the first anecdote in the first distinction of the Mesnagier de Paris, article six, in which the author advises his wife to be humble and obedient toward her husband. He recommends Griselda as a laudable model for wives in general, while at the same time he tries to reassure his wife that the tale does not directly address the situation of their own marriage. He attaches an epilogue to the tale that attempts to provide a Christian justification for the cruel actions of Walter toward Griselda. He explains that the author, Petrarch, does not expect women to have patience with their husbands purely out of love for them, but because women love God, and God, the Church, and Reason have all ordained that ladies be obedient to their husbands (I vi; 72). In the same section the author follows the tale of Griselda with the anecdote of the bourgeois wife who sacrifices herself to save her husband from execution during a Paris uprising, and several examples of disobedient wives and their fates, such as the wife who refused to rescue her husband from drowning because no such duty was described in her contract. The wife was seized by local authorities and burned at the stake. In a particularly graphic tale, The Lady Who Killed her Husband's Greyhound, a young wife who tests the patience of her older husband on several occasions, is "cured" of her disobedience by her husband who subjects her to repeated bleeding treatments until she is nearly dead.
The tale of Griselda should be counted among the key works of women's instruction by French authors who named her "the mirror of married ladies." Translated into French sometime between 1384 and 1389, it frequently was circulated with manuscripts containing works for women's moral instruction. Philippe de Mézières is the likely author of the first French prose translation of the tale, which he incorporates into Book Four of the Livre de la vertu du sacrement de mariage. A second French translation from a few years later is anonymous, and probably served as the French source for Chaucer's "The Clerke's Tale" (Severs 22). Based on textual and thematic evidence, Elie Golenistcheff-Koutouzoff has proposed that the same translation of Griselda circulated in manuscripts of the Livre du Chevalier de La Tour Landry and in the Mesnagier de Paris (87). That the Griselda tale remained popular throughout the early modern period is attested by many early printed editions in French, German, and English.
Philippe's French translation cleared the way for the tale of Griselda to be circulated along with many different vernacular texts in fourteenth-century France, where the character of Griselda emerged as an exemplar of the moral virtues desirable in a young wife. Apart from the patience for which she is famous, Griselda epitomized the domestic ideals promulgated in conduct books by combining the roles of daughter, mother, and wife into one. Her actions in the tale demonstrate her skill in domestic tasks such as carrying water, and preparing meals for her caring for her poor and weak father, bearing children, and even preparing the household of her former husband to celebrate the arrival of his new bride.
Women's domestic roles and economic production:
It is important to remember that the images of women projected by male authors through conduct books from the Middle Ages tell us of men's ideals for women, and do not tell us what medieval women thought about their roles as daughters, mothers, or wives. We should not suppose that medieval women passively received advice from men about marriage, or that they accepted the male-authored visions of their limited roles in the home. Except for the nobility, most women worked in some form of trade, or craft, even if it was only assisting her husband or father in his trade. The household-workshop was the center of production for medieval artisans and agricultural labor, and the work women did there processing materials, preparing food, and ensuring the continuation of the workforce was necessary to the economy. As crafts organized for a mercantile economy in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, women's roles in the new economy largely remained tied to their roles as members of household-workshops (Bennett 479). Books for female audiences from this period increasingly emphasize the necessary link between wife and household, or what has been described as "the family production unit." The images of women as selfless wives and mothers, in the Griselda tales, or as adulterers and deceivers, such as we find in the Livre du Chevalier de La Tour Landry reinforced the connection between women and the conjugal household, and stressed the need for male supervision of women's activities that limited women's access to power within political, or economic organizations such as guilds (Howell 45).
Ashley, Kathleen. 1987. Medieval Courtesy Literature and Dramatic Mirrors of Female Conduct. In The Ideology of Conduct, ed. Nancy Armstrong and Leonard Tennenhouse, 25-38. New York: Methuen.
Bornstein, Diane. The Lady in the Tower: Medieval Courtesy Literature for Women. Hamden: Archon Books, 1983.
Chrétien de Troyes. Erec et Enide. Ed. Mario Roques. Paris: Champion, 1976.
Fox, John Howard, ed. Robert de Blois, son oeuvre didactique et narrative. Paris: Nizet, 1950.
Golenistcheff-Koutouzoff, Elie. L'histoire de Griseldis en France au quatorzième siècle. Paris: Librairie Droz, 1933.
Grigsby, John L. "Miroir des bonnes femmes—a new fragment of the Somme le roi and a Miroir des bonnes femmes, a hitherto unnoticed text." Romania 82 (1961): 458-489.
Ho, Cynthia. 1994. As Good As Her Word: Women's Language in The Knight of the Tour d'Landry. In The Rusted Hauberk: Feudal Ideas of Order and Their Decline, ed. Liam O. Purdon and Cindy Vitto, 99-120. Gainesville: University of Florida Press.
Howell, Martha. Women, Work, and Patriarchy in Early Modern Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.
Kowaleski, Maryanne and Judith M. Bennett. "Crafts, Guilds, and Women in the Middle Ages: fifty years after Marian K. Dale." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 14, no. 21 (1989): 474-488.
La Tour Landry, Geoffroy. Le livre du Chevalier de La Tour Landry pour l'enseignement de ses filles. Ed. Anatole de Montaiglon, 1870. New York: Kraus, 1977.
Le mesnagier de Paris.1981. Ed. by Georgine Brereton and Janet M. Ferrier. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Mézières, Philippe de. Le livre de la vertu du sacrement de mariage. Ed. Joan Williamson. Washington: Catholic University of America Press, 1993.
Millett, Bella and Jocelyn Wogan-Browne. Medieval English Prose for Women.
Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.
Offord, M.Y.,ed. The Book of the Knight of the Tower Translated by William Caxton. EETS Supplementary Series 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.
Picherit, Jean-Louis. "La métaphore pathologique et thérapeutique à la fin du Moyen Age" Behefte zur Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 260 (1994): 60-70.
Severs, J. Burke. The Literary Relationships of Chaucer's Clerke's Tale. Yale Studies in English 96. New York: Yale University Press, 1942.
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Table of Contents
Brand Name
Sai Mirra Innopharm Pvt. Ltd, 288, SIDCO Estate, Chennai - 600 098, India.
Therapeutic Class
Dosage Form, Composition & NAFDAC Registration Number (NRN)
Tablet (NRN: A4-0666): Calcium 320 mg, Phosphorous (Source milk) 137.50 mg
Pack size: presented in a blister of 10 tablets and a carton of 3 blisters.
Suspension (NRN: A4-1022): Calcium 160 mg, Phosphorous (Source milk) 69 mg, Vitamine D3 BP 200 IU
Pack size: presented in a bottle of 200 mL.
Healthy bones and soft tissues need both calcium and phosphorus to grow and develop throughout life. Vitamin D helps the body maintain healthy levels of calcium and phosphorus and is therefore essential for building and maintaining healthy bones. Calcium, which is the principal element in bone, can be absorbed by the body in a better way when vitamin D is present.
It is a synergistic formula containing calcium and phosphorus in a 2:1 ratio. The absorption and metabolism of calcium and phosphorus are mutually dependent. Therefore, these two elements should always be administered at the same time.
Pregnant women, nursing mothers, children, and adolescents may need more calcium than they normally get from eating calcium-rich foods. Adult women may take calcium supplements to help prevent a bone disease called osteoporosis. A diet low in calcium for many years, especially in the younger adult years, may add to the risk of developing it. Other bone diseases in children and adults are also treated with calcium supplements.
Calcium is typically freed from calcium complexes during digestion and is released in a soluble and probably ionized form for absorption. As calcium intakes increase, the active transfer mechanism becomes saturated and an increasing proportion of calcium is absorbed via passive diffusion.
The efficiency of absorption of calcium from a calcium supplement is greatest when calcium is taken at doses of 500 milligrams or lower. Individuals with achlorhydria absorb calcium from calcium carbonate poorly unless the calcium carbonate supplement is taken with food. Calcium that is unabsorbed from the intestine is excreted in the feces. Greater than 98% of calcium from the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed. Renal reabsorption is primarily regulated by parathyroid hormone or PTH.
The colon plays an important role in calcium absorption after resection of the small intestine. Approximately 40% of calcium in the plasma is bound to proteins, primarily albumin; about 50% of calcium in the plasma is diffusible ionic calcium and about 10% is diffusible, but is complexed with such anions as phosphate and citrate.
Phosphorus supplements are inorganic phosphate salts of sodium, potassium or calcium. Calcium phosphate is a supplement used to supply both calcium and phosphorus. The efficiency of absorption of inorganic forms of phosphorus from the gastrointestinal tract ranges from 55% to 70% in adults. The efficiency of absorption of food phosphorus, which is a mixture of inorganic and organic forms of phosphorus, is similar. Organic forms of phosphorus are hydrolyzed by phosphatases, and therefore most phosphorus absorption occurs as absorption of inorganic phosphate.
Absorption of phosphate occurs by both a saturable, active transport process and by passive diffusion. The saturable, active transport process is stimulated by the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. The absorption of phosphorus is mainly via the passive, concentration-dependent process.
Phosphorus is transported via the portal circulation to the liver where the hepatocytes extract a fraction of it for their metabolic requirements. Phosphorus is transported via the systemic circulation to the various tissues of the body, where it is used for the metabolic requirements of these tissues.
Excretion of phosphorus is mainly via the kidneys. Phosphorus is freely filtered in the glomerulus. Greater than 80% of the filtered phosphorus is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule and a small amount in the distal tubule. Parathyroid hormone adjusts the renal clearance of phosphorus. In the healthy adult, urine phosphorus is essentially equal to absorbed phosphorus.
It is absorbed well from the intestines in the presence of bile-salts. Absorption of D3 is better than D2. It is bound to a specific alpha-globulin in the circulation and is stored mainly in the adipose tissue for many months. It is hydroxylated in the liver and the metabolites are mainly excreted in the bile.
Calcium deficiency, supplementation in pregnancy, in pre- and post-menopausal osteoporosis, supplementation in growing children, Bone building in childhood and adolescence and in the event of fractures.
Calcium supplementation is contraindicated in those with hypercalcemia. Phosphorus supplements are contraindicated in those with hyperphosphatemia and in those with severely impaired renal function (less than 30% of normal).
Vitamin D3 may be contraindicated in cardiac disease.
Because of the potential for side effects and interactions with medications, dietary supplements should be taken only under the supervision of a knowledgeable healthcare provider.
Total calcium intake, from combined dietary and supplemental sources, should not exceed 2,500 mg per day.
Alendronate, Antacids, Aluminum-containing, Blood Pressure Medications, Cholesterol-lowering Medications, Corticosteroids, Digoxin, Diuretics, Estrogens, Gentamicin, Metformin, Antibiotics, Quinolones.
Etidronate use with calcium supplements may decrease the effect of this drug. Etidronate should not be taken within 2 hours of calcium supplementation.
Phenytoin used with calcium decreases the effects of both medicines. Calcium supplements must not be taken within 1-3 hours of phenytoin.
Tetracyclines (oral) used with calcium supplementation may decrease the effects of tetracyclines. Calcium supplements must not be taken within 1-3 hours of tetracyclins.
Adverse Effects
Calcium supplements are generally well tolerated. The most common adverse reaction with use of sodium or potassium phosphate is diarrhea. The salts are less likely to cause diarrhea when they are used by phosphorus-deficient individuals than when used by those with normal phosphorus status.
Common complaints when taking calcium supplements include constipation and stomach upset.
Symptoms that may occur from excessive amounts of calcium in the blood include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, increased urination, kidney toxicity, confusion, and irregular heart rhythm. These symptoms resolve when elevated calcium levels are treated and brought back to normal.
Dosage & Administration
Tablet: One tablet to two tablets daily or as directed by the Physician
Suspension: One teaspoonful (5 mL) twice daily or as directed by the Physician.
Storage/Handling Recommendations
Store in a cool dry place and keep out of reach of children.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Anybody who wants a good sample
of bum bookkeeping on public money
can find it in the annual report of the
South Park commissioners.
Pages and pages of figures and no
information on the real stuff wise cit
izens want to know.
What are the cash deposits of the
South Park commisisoners? l isn't
What bank keeps the cash? You
can't find it in this annual report.
How much was the interest on cash
deposits and was a fair and square
amount of interest paid for use of
war time cash?
George Reynolds, president Conti
nental & Commercial bank, is the
treasurer of the South Park board.
If he furnished directors of his bank
as loose and meaningless a report as
the annual park board George Rey
nolds would get one loud horse laugh
and be ushered out of office in about
the time it takes to fry an egg.
Of course George Reynolds is not.
responsible. It is the South Park com
missioners who are. They go pn year
after year, offering this muddy, mud
dled annual report.
As we turn the pages of the report
we see that it cost $6.31 to clean ma
nure from Jackson park boulevards
and $14.91 for the same kind of work
on Washington park boulevards.
And we learn it cost $36.8.69 in 1914
to feed the squirrels and birds of the
South park system.
What we can't find out is whether
there was $1,000,000 or $2,000,000 on
deposit in some bank and how much
interest was paid on the cash.
The South park system owns
2.043.98 acres of the best land in the
city and has taxing powers in a dis
trict of 92.6 square miles. It is the
richest taxing body pro rata in Chi
cago. Its real estate alone was val
ued by the commissioners at $6,238,
60.13 on March 1, 1914. Its total
assets, according to its own report,
are $24,973,203.96.
Yet an interested reader can go
chase himself all around the pages of
this annual report and find not a line
on who keeps the cash and how much
interest is paid on it
President of the board is John Bar
ton Payne, beef trust lawyer, member
of the law firm of Winston, Payne,
Strawn & Shaw, the highest-priced
railroad and interstate commerce
lawyers in Chicago.
Joseph Donnersberger, auditor, is
former president of the Chicago Real
Estate board. Charles L. Hutchinson
is president of the Corn Exchange
bank. Albert Mohr is a millionaire
iron founder of South Chicago.
These are the commissioners,
strict business men, who require all
reports on cash rendered to them by
their employes to state where the
cash is and how much the interest
amounts to.
That thousands of decisions hand
ed down in the county courts by
county judges have been illegal be
cause of the manner of appointing
these jurists is the claim of State's
Att'y Hoyne. He is taking two cases
into the appellate court to decide the
Country judges have been called,
into Cook county for service l)y
judges of the circuit court Hoyne
says this is not the proper method
and that the supreme court only has'
the right to assign men to county
Great numbers of decisions, involv
ing thousands of divorce cases alone
where litigants may have again mar-
ried, may be declared unlawful and
the cases reopened.
o o
Total number of blind persons in
tae world js estimated at 2,390,000s
xml | txt


text:
So much of life is about how you handle the obstacles put in front of you—no matter how overwhelming they might be. You can choose to let those challenges take you off course, or you can choose to build a life that's bigger and better than you ever imagined. Thirty-one-year-old Paralympic athlete Alana Nichols, who is the only American female to medal in both the summer and winter Olympic Games, chose the latter.
An avid athlete from the age of five, Nichols spent her childhood playing t-ball, volleyball, and basketball. By senior year of high school, the star athlete was fielding offers to pursue her dream of nabbing a softball scholarship. Then, at age 17, the life that she had carefully planned for herself veered off course. A snowboarding accident left her with a broken back, hospitalized for four months, and unable to walk. Nichols managed to graduate with her class on time and head to college at the University of New Mexico that fall. The first two years after the accident were painful and challenging, causing Nichols to question everything. "For so long my identity was about being an athlete," she says. "I was all about setting goals and achieving them—that's where I got my confidence. So when I didn't have those endorphins running through me, I felt depressed and hopeless."
You might like: Badass Beauty: Lea Wallace
Everything changed when she was 19 and introduced to wheelchair basketball. "It was such a catalyst," Nichols shares. "When I accepted that this was my new reality, and saw the possibilities, I started thinking positively about my future." She transferred to the University of Arizona to be a part of their wheelchair basketball program, qualifying for the U.S. Paralympics Women's Wheelchair Basketball National Team in 2005, and in 2008 they brought home the gold. "Being on the podium and looking back on where I was when I broke my back, there was just this incredible feeling of accomplishment."
Nichols quickly realized that if she could play basketball, she could find a way to adapt to the other sports she loved including surfing, kayaking, and even skiing. Despite the fact that her injury had occurred while on the slopes, Nichols wasn't afraid to get on the mountain again. "It wasn't so much fear of getting hurt, but I was afraid to be disappointed. I wanted to be the person I used to be and adaptive skiing was really difficult," Nichols reveals, adding. "Then my competitive side kicked in."
Soon, Nichols was ski racing competitively, "I'm a thrill-seeker so monoskiing was was perfect for me. I loved going fast again." At the 2010 winter Paralympic Games she took home two gold and two silver medals. In 2011 at the International Paralympic Competition she won Alpine Skiing World Championships, was first downhill, and named Paralympic Athlete of the Year. At the 2013 the World Cup in Moritz, she was third in the giant slalom. This year, she was confident going into Sochi. "Having won four medals in Vancouver, I had some high expectations. I was hoping that I could at least match my medal count if not better it," she says. In the women's downhill Nichols slid out of her bucket, but was able to get back in and finish the race. Despite coming in second by a 10th of a second, Nichols felt defeated. "It was so devastating. I didn't feel like I won the silver, but that I lost the gold," Nichols says. She was knocked unconscious in her next race and helicoptered to safety, which forced her to re-evaluate her perspective on competition. "One thing I know to be true about sports and life is that there are no guarantees. I have to enjoy what I'm doing, not make it all about winning."
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Today Nichols is training for the 2016 Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Braziland competing in wheelchair basketball. She's based in Denver and trains at the National Sports Center for the Disabled. Working out is a constant part of her life. To balance the constant pushing she does with her arms in her wheelchair, Nichols swims, rows, and works out her core with a Bosu ball. "For basketball I have to build more strength than for skiing." When it's time to train for skiing again, Nichols will re-craft her body and strength to suit the sport. "Skiing is about obliques and balance, which means lots of yoga, planks, cat cows, plus intensive weights and core work."
Not surprisingly, exercise is what makes Nichols feel beautiful. She loves makeup; "I haven't not worn mascara for almost 20 years," she says. "It's my staple item and it just gives you that little bit of definition that makes you feel beautiful." Rimmel is a favorite brand. When she's racing downhill she adds foundation to cut out the redness that comes from the cold, relying on Nuetrogena Shine Free foundation and Skinceuticals sunscreen to protect her skin. Being in the spotlight as a medal-winning athlete, sponsored by brands like BMW and Nike, has made her comfortable in the spotlight. "I wore my friend's prom dress to my first red carpet," she says. "It was way too big, but I've learned to be more prepared!" That means liquid liner in a dark emerald green with shimmer shadow, her go-to red carpet makeup. "If you look good, you feel good, and if you feel good you play well. Everything is attached to your overall confidence and self esteem."
Having found that confidence, Alana tries to help young Paralympic athletes and people who are recovering from life changing injuries discover it within themselves. "It's hard to tell anyone newly disabled that it's all going to be OK. But it is." When Nichols reflects back on the past 14 years, she's proud of having overcome her extraordinary hurdles, including the loss of her brother, and having turned her passion for sports into a major career. She's found solace and strength in being an athlete: "Sports have saved me from life, and kept me on track. I'm so thankful."
You might like: Bobbi Chats With Orange is the New Black's Laverne Cox
This article originally appeared on Yahoo Beauty.


text:
is the fact that some clients still prefer full-time, in-house assistants.
"Some people can't accept the virtual concept," says Parham. "Companies that I anticipated would have embraced it still have not, and mostly because some managers are really gung ho micromanagers. [Some] don't understand the virtual model concept and how technology enables us to provide professional office support on a short-term or long-term basis, or as a totally outsourced solution."
The company posted revenues of $95,000 for 2000 and, this year, Parham expects to reach $175,000 in a still-growing arena.
Despite the challenges, Parham is optimistic about the success of her company — and the field of virtual assisting. Educating potential clients is key to the success of the industry, says Parham, who also volunteers with groups such as Score and the Women's Commission in an effort to spread the word.


text:
Monday, March 12, 2012
Why "Auntie Mame" Matters
4 comments:
I have loved Auntie Mame since I was a little girl. She enthralled me (knowing that she was based on a real person) and being so free, loving, and embracing adventure so easily. Enjoyed reading your post and I think I'll pull the DVD off the shelf and watch it this weekend!ReplyDelete
I love her haircut so much I just printed off the last picture and took it to my haircutter. "Make me look like this: Classy!" Would that I could be as beautiful as the great Rosalind Russell, and you aren't kidding about the fashion statement she made in this film. Park Avenue all the way!ReplyDelete
I really like your writing style. Such a nice Post, Can't wait for the next one.ReplyDelete
Dell Laptops
Auntie Mame is an insightful and brilliant film, and your analysis is touching and intelligent. The film only becomes richer every time I watch it, and I have seen it at least six times including when it came out. It should be required watching for today's conservative Republicans -- although they would probably find it decadent and anti-Christian, failing to see its message of humanity and tolerance.ReplyDelete
The Talented Della Reese
She was a trailblazer who really did make it all look easy -- when it really wasn't. And she demanded to be paid well for hard work wel...
Klaatu: "I am fearful when I see people substituting fear for reason." If the kids won't think that an old black and white ...
I loved Eli Wallach performances. I picked up that love from my parents. Mom and Dad didn't agree on much near the end of their 13-ye...
Jennifer Lopez got a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame last Thursday. Jane Fonda, her Monster in Law comedy movie co-star, was present at ...


text:
You are here
It's the new Mazda2!
This is the new Mazda2, the Japanese company's Fiesta-sized supermini. And you will agree, it's a smart looking thing.
That'll be the KODO - or 'Soul of Motion' design - which Mazda hopes will endear its pint-sized creation to the masses of Europe.
Detailed information on the car is a touch sparse, but we know there'll be a new 1.5-litre SKYACTIV-D diesel engine alongside the 1.5-litre SKYACTIV-G petrol engine. The petrol engines will have a range of power options as well, so here's hoping there's a 200bhp variant amongst them to do battle with the Ford Fiesta ST.
To go with the SKYACTIV engines there are manual and automatic transmissions on offer, along with Mazda's MZD Connect system, which means the driver doesn't have to spend hours of fiddling to change the radio station. The interior looks spacious and uncluttered, and we're told the new 2 will also have a 'class-beating' range of safety technologies to prevent you from ruining the KODO bodywork.
Don't forget, the current Mazda2 remains a strong alternative to cars like the Ford Fiesta; fun to drive, good looks and good value for money.
The Mazda2 goes on sale in the Autumn for the Japanese, but in Europe we'll probably have to wait until early 2015. Tempted?
What do you think?
This service is provided by Disqus and is subject to their privacy policy and terms of use. Please read Top Gear's code of conduct (link below) before posting.


text:
My feet cramp up almost every session causing me to have to cut it short. Anyone else? What can I do to stop this. I dont know if my fins have anything to do with it. I have my old trusty Redleys/blue. They fit fine, maybe a little loose. Fin socks make it feel a lil tight but the cramping is still there. I try to drink a lot of water throughout the day before I know im going out.
Results 1 to 10 of 20
Thread: Feet Cramping..
Oct 2, 2013, 05:13 AM #1Junior Member
- Join Date
- Mar 2013
- Location
- Chesapeake, Virginia, United States
- Posts
- 5
Feet Cramping..
Oct 2, 2013, 11:57 AM #2Senior Member
- Join Date
- May 2012
- Posts
- 417
your muscles and tendons are too tight. regular stretching is the only cure, **** water.
Oct 2, 2013, 12:07 PM #3Senior Member
- Join Date
- Aug 2012
- Location
- Turtle Island
- Posts
- 12,793
- Images
- 6
Yup, definitely stretch. I always calf in my cramps if I'm dehyrdated so I chug water and eat a banana before every session too. Also, try some different fins. I've never tried Redleys, but I can say the Hydro Tech 2 fins are super comfy with decent thrust. And get a seperate pair for winter, one size up.
Try taking your foot and roll it over a golf ball, specifically around your arch. That will help loosen any tightness, although that may not be the issue. Cramping can be caused by a lack of fitness as well. By lack of fitness I mean, of it this way, how often are you laying on your board with your foot flexed in that position? Stretching your calves can also help.
Oct 2, 2013, 12:56 PM #5
drink more water before you surf. I seriously water binge before any serious activity because I know I don't drink nearly enough during the day. Grown man is supposed to drink like 8 pints / day!
Oct 2, 2013, 12:59 PM #6
I do just about everything that's been recommended here, and still get foot cramps almost every time I surf.
I've never dealt with foot cramps but I can attest to the stretching recommendations. Are you getting a quick stretch in to loosen up during a surf or spending 30 minutes to an hour stretching at night to become more flexible. I do both but have really been focusing on becoming more flexible and it has definitely helped my surfing. My main areas were hips and hamstrings. What part of your foot was cramping up?
Oct 2, 2013, 01:51 PM #8Senior Member
- Join Date
- Jun 2013
- Posts
- 208
I also just practice finswimming a _LOT_... also helps stretching both ways (including curling foot all the way back). When I started doing it regularly I could only finswim about 1/4 mile before getting cramps, now I can do ~2 miles with no cramps pretty easily.
When I do get fin cramps during a sesh I have a few in-water rituals to try to get them to go away.. touching my toes, grabbing the top of my fins and using them to bend my toes back, rubbing my calves, pointing and unpointing my feet over and over, fin-swimming in circles between sets instead of sitting still, or floating on my belly with my fins in the air behind me and shaking them vigorously or smacking them together over and over..
Oct 2, 2013, 03:04 PM #9Senior Member
- Join Date
- Sep 2013
- Posts
- 382
Try eating some bananas and Gatorade or anything rich in Potassium. (potassium pills) Cramping is often a sign of low potassium. Combine this with the remedies above.
Oct 2, 2013, 04:33 PM #10
Ugh! I feel your pain. Foot cramps suck. I get them almost every session especially if there's a little chill in the water. Sometimes the only way to flatten everything out is to catch a wave and magically I quit thinking about those misshapen toes and they straighten out for the duration of the ride then it's back to frankentoes til the next wave.


text:
Use the tools below to refine your search by only displaying reviews with a certain number of star ratings or to only show reviews from a certain time period. Eg click on '1 star' to just display the reviews we have which received a 1 star rating click or 'Within the last month' to display just reviews posted over the last month.
Written on: 29/10/2008 by jimjamjamie (1 review written)
Overall the K Fit 10oz Zebra print boxing gloves are a great pair of gloves, i use the 10oz for sparring and the 8oz for bag work and both pairs have served me well. Well done K-Fit, they are a great design, comfortable fit and have stood the test of time. I have used gloves that are more expensive but the K-Fit ones are the best so far. suprisingly good for the price… Read Full Review
Written on: 10/09/2008 by lenny20008 (2 reviews written)
Overall these K-FIT 10oz Zebra Print Gloves are a very nice looking and well hand made gloves, I wasn't afraid of hurting my hands as I have found with other gloves when training on a heavy bag and seem to provide more protection than better known brands… Read Full Review
" Best Gloves ever " Read More
" Good quality, durable, comfortable, good price " Read More
Written by marshall112
" I bought it from http://www.pad-up.com. like it and love to use it ... " Read More
Written by sharontaylor211
" Overall the K Fit 10oz Zebra print boxing gloves are a great pair o... " Read More
Written by jimjamjamie
" Great glove, Twins is the only glove I recommend now, even got to c... " Read More


text:
Friend of Doug digs deep against SoccerCity
Mission Valley developers pour cash into San Diego State measure
Matt Potter 6 p.m., Nov. 21
06/21/10 "What's Up?" was the first thing on my mind early last Thursday morning, as I joined the group of the gathered together in the middle of the street. The focus of their attention was the newest addition yet to the RayStArt collection! This particular graphic was done in Bright Silver and it took full advantage of the dark rough asphalt background! The Artist's bold sweeping style was the first thing that caught everyones eye.
Our lively discussion of style, technique and intent was then interrupted again by another fast approaching motorist, who slowed down just enough to give us both their horn & their impressions but sadly not of the graphic, before stepping on the gas leaving all us in swirl of his dust...
As each of us pondered the Artist's intent, one by one the local critics shared their opinions. One muttered, " that's kinda' Sensual" pointing quickly to the way they felt the "body parts" were connected. Another disagreed, saying, "3-2-1", pointing to the numbers that appeared somehow connected to him. "Nope, It's Sci-Fi", said yet another. "Bet it won't last long" another said, his comment had everyone shaking their heads in general agreement; things go fast in North Park's Art District!
kinda pabloesk...and i like it!!!
and the number thing is clever...is it still there???
Yes, But it's faded a bit, like INTEREST all forms of NEW Art IN NP!
BTW: This "image" is just South of Gunn St. on Ray St. and is just one of a many images of Ray St Art.
it's alway so sad when that happens...i was involved for many years in Oregon with COART's...we had a State Art Show that traveled a rural route called ART SLATE...it came to our town every other summer over 4th of July
it was very popular...was judged and juried show...perhaps it was the rural aspect that made it so
we also drummed up interest in Art by loaning art to local businesses to be hung in the most visible place in their foyers...about 1 month before a show was opening
i'll come by and see ur street..i'm new back in San Diego and didn't even know it existed


text:
[jwplatform tSyj3Fww]
COLUMBUS, Miss. – (WCBI) A Columbus airman stationed returns from Afghanistan Friday night. Technical Sgt Doug Beddie's plane landed at the Golden Triangle Regional Airport at 7:30 pm.
His wife, Columbus Middle School Teacher Christine Beddie, was there with open arms. The couple is expecting their second child.
Family and friends were also hand for the homecoming.
Beddie was deployed for six months. 57 airmen from Columbus Air Force Base remain overseas.
We will have much more on this story, coming up this weekend.


text:
Harmonica Dunn Presents!!
The Crane Wives
Falldown, Samantha Harlow
Tonic Room
2447 N. Halsted
Chicago, IL, 60614
This event is 21 and over
The Crane Wives are a home grown indie-folk outfit from Grand Rapids, Michigan that defies musical stereotypes. They utilize three-part vocal harmonies, eclectic instrumentation, and a passion for songcraft to create organic music that is both accessible and innovative. Each live show features contagious energy as well as original music that ranges from whisper quiet ballads to danceable grooves.
The band formed in late August of 2010, and finished the recording of their self-produced debut album "Safe Ship, Harbored" in April of 2011. The record was released on May 12th at Founder's Brewing Company in GR.
Their new full length album, also self-produced at Sound Post Studios, was released September 22nd, 2012 at the Intersection in GR.
The Crane Wives are happily endorsed by Deering Banjos.
Falldown is a group of Chicago musicians from a wide range of backgrounds who have performed together for years in many different bands. Including members of The Hue, The Redwalls, Safe Haven, Bumpus, and the amazing singer Liza Day, a mutual interest in alt/country and rocknroll has now brought this unique crew together to write and perform original music.
Their first studio EP of original music was released in late 2012 to critical acclaim from American Songwriter Magazine among others, and has since been featured on Chicago's WXRT Local Anesthetic as well as college radio nationwide. The band continues to play shows and has plans to release more original music by late Summer, 2013.
Influences: Kris Kristofferson, Gillian Welch, Townes Van Zandt, Billie Holliday, Patsy Cline, Loretta Lynn
Like most love letters, Samantha Harlow's new album is unflinchingly personal, filled with the sort of deep, dark secrets one normally spills to friends behind closed doors. For Harlow, a country singer/songwriter steeped in the tradition of Patsy Cline and Gillian Welch, those secrets are tuneful enough to share with a wider audience. They're the blood that pumps through her own Love Letters, a collection of country ballads, sad-eyed folksongs and rootsy rockers that explore everything from her upbringing in Minnesota to her bar-tending days at a Nashville honky-tonk. This is an album about heartache and hangovers, about boys and barstools, about looking back before you move on.
Kenny Vaughan -- acclaimed guitarist for Lucinda Williams, Marty Stuart, and dozens of other roots-rock heavyweights -- co-produced Love Letters, which was recorded during a four-day weekend and mixed entirely to analog tape. Other Nashville musicians chipped in, too, adding layers of pedal steel guitar and smokey organ to Harlow's eight songs. On an album filled with top-notch players like keyboardist Jen Gunderman and drummer John McTigue III, though, Harlow is still the star, making Love Letters the kind of melodic missive you find yourself reading again and again.
"I came up with the title while we were tracking," Harlow explains. "Album titles have always been the part that plague me; they have never come easy, but this one came out of thin air. Every song is a love letter to someone, whether it be someone who has passed through my life in an instant, or someone who has never left my side. There's a mix of sadness, with an undercurrent of joy and some sense of understanding that run throughout, much like love in real life."
-Andrew Leahey
$8.00 - $10.00
Upcoming Events
Tonic Room
Tue, November 21
Terrapin Flyer
Wed, November 22
The Blisters
Fri, November 24
Bonzo Squad's Black Friday Jam
Sat, November 25
The Dave Watts & Marcus Rezak Implosion, Plaid Hawaii Live Band
Sun, November 26
The Mike Dillon Band


text:
My Nonprofit Reviews
Review for Boys & Girls Clubs of the Mississippi Delta, Yazoo City, MS, USA
"In researching non-profit organizations to form a new collaborative partnership with, my research team easily identified the Boys & Girls Clubs of the Mississippi Delta as an organization we would want to work with. Their transparency and accountability were not only attractive, but refreshing. They welcomed us with open arms and gave us access to the data we needed. Although we have only been working with the Boys & Girls Clubs of the Mississippi Delta for less than six months, we are continuously impressed with the phenomenal organization this group consistently demonstrates – from Jeremy Deming (their Chief Professional Officer) to Stacye Allen, Sam Baker, Mamie Watkins, and Deloris Davis on down. And while some organizations sacrifice passion and friendliness for efficiency, this is decidedly not the case with the Boys & Girls Clubs of the Mississippi Delta. It is great to work with a team of individuals who so clearly exemplify the values of the BGC of America to be caring adults who inspire youth to realize their 'possible selves'. Wow!"
More Feedback
I've personally experienced the results of this organization in...
Working to attract youth to participate in research to improve health behavior outcomes for rural and minority youth.
If I had to make changes to this organization, I would...
Not a thing! They are a dynamite organization.
How does this organization compare with others in the same sector?
Very Well
How much of an impact do you think this organization has?
Will you recommend this organization to others?
What is unique about this organization?
Both how personable they are, as well as how well-run and organized!
When was your last experience with this nonprofit?


text:
Arlington Tankers 2Q Results
Arlington Tankers announced financial results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2008. For the quarter ended June 30, 2008, the company's total revenues were $17.4m, consisting of $16.5m in basic vessel charter hire and $900,000 in additional charter hire that the company received under its profit sharing arrangements.
On the basis of the second quarter results, 's Board of Directors has declared a cash dividend of $0.56 per share. The dividend is payable on August 5, 2008 to shareholders of record at the close of business on August 1, 2008.
The additional charter hire earned during the second quarter of 2008 was derived from profit sharing arrangements under the time charters of the Company's V-MAX, Panamax and Product tankers. Of the $900,000 in additional charter hire, $600,000 was attributed to profit sharing for the two V-MAX vessels. The remaining $300,000 was attributed to additional charter hire from the Company's two Panamax tankers and the Company's two Product tankers that are currently eligible to earn additional hire. For these four vessels, the average time charter equivalent rates under the Company's profit sharing agreements over the preceding twelve months were in excess of contractual minimum levels.
The company's operating expenses during the second quarter of 2008, including depreciation costs of $3.8 million and administrative expenses of approximately $834,000 were $9.9m. The company's interest expense, net of interest income for the second quarter of 2008, was $3.3 million. This expense represents interest under the Company's $229.5 million, secured credit facility with The Royal Bank of Scotland plc.
The Company's net income for the second quarter of 2008 was increased by an unrealized gain of approximately $7.3 million, representing the change in the fair value of the Company's interest rate swap arrangement related to its secured credit facility with The Royal Bank of Scotland plc. As a result, the Company's net income for the second quarter of 2008 was $11.5 million, or $0.74 per share. Excluding the effect of the unrealized gain on the interest rate swap, the Company's net income for the second quarter of 2008 was $4.2 million, or $0.27 per share.
All of 's eight vessels are currently trading on time charter contracts to subsidiaries of and Concordia Maritime AB. The charters have terms that expire at various dates, with the charters for four vessels expiring in 2009, the charters for two vessels expiring in 2010 and the charters for two vessels expiring in 2011. All of the charter contracts also include options to extend the terms of the charters. During the second quarter of 2008, the Company announced that Stena had exercised the first of its three one-year options for the Stena Companion and Stena Concord, and its 30-month options for the Stena Contest and Stena Concept.
Each charter contract provides for fixed-rate basic charter hire during the operating period. In addition to the fixed-rate basic charter hire, the Company's two V-MAX vessels, two Panamax tankers and two of the Company's four Product tankers currently have the possibility of receiving additional charter hire from the time charterers through profit sharing arrangements related to the performance of the tanker markets on specified geographic routes, or from actual time charter rates. As a result of Stena's exercise of the option to extend the charters for the Stena Contest and Stena Concept, these vessels will have the possibility of receiving additional charter hire during the 30-month period from January 5, 2009 through July 4, 2011. Tanker freight rates are volatile and additional charter hire for the Panamax and Product tankers is not guaranteed. The Company's two V-MAX vessels are receiving additional hire from the time charterers through profit sharing arrangements based on sub-charters with Sun International and Eiger Shipping, SA, an affiliate of the shipping branch of LukOil International Trading and Supply Company.


text:
PERTH/TOKYO, Sept 28 (Reuters) - Xstrata Plc and Tohoku Electric Power Co have settled a coal supply contract for the year beginning Oct. 1 at just under $97 per tonne, sources told Reuters on Friday.
The negotiations are held between a lead Japanese utility, in this case Tohoku, which negotiates on behalf of other Japanese utilities.
Tohoku agreed to buy Australian thermal coal from Xstrata at $96.90 per tonne, a level which will likely be followed by Japan's other utilities, according to market sources with knowledge of the negotiations.
The settlement price is over $10 per tonne more than the Australian thermal coal price benchmark, which closed at $85.10 per tonne on Thursday.
The October contract price is around 12 percent over the spot price.
While long-term contract prices are typically a few dollars above Australian coal spot prices, a premium usually explained by security of supply, the spread between the spot price and the contract price has been widening since the March 2011 Fukushima nuclear crisis.
Japanese utilities have been using coal-fired power to replace nuclear power lost after all 50 nuclear reactors were brought off line for checks in the aftermath of the crisis.
The price is also 23 percent lower than the $126.50 per tonne settlement for the October contract one year ago. This follows global coal prices, which have fallen sharply as demand, particularly from top consumer China, has waned. (Reporting by Rebekah Kebede in PERTH and Osamu Tsukimori in TOKYO; Editing by Ron Popeski)


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RepairPal is your advocate for car care advice and guidance
Q: I need to replace the 4 wheel drive lock in piece directly behind the center cap on 1998 Mazda B3000
I can lock my truck into 4 wheel drive from inside the truck by turning a dial. I was told that the piece behind the center cap was going to keep that tire from locking into 4 wheel drive. I dont know what the piece is called. I dont know if the entire hub needs to be replaced or if that piece is something that can be replaced. All I do know is that it was there before I went food shopping, when I came out it was gone. Now winter is coming and I have to find this piece to have 4 wheel drive. If I cant find the piece and must change the hub itself, can it be replaced with manual locking hubs?
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'The Green Hornet' – What Did You Think?
Posted on Friday, January 14th, 2011 by David Chen
Michel Gondry's The Green Hornet, which is out today in theaters, has had a long, arduous path to the big screen. Gondry was initially supposed to direct Hornet way back in 1997, but significant creative differences led to the film being shelved. Then, Kevin Smith climbed aboard the project to write and direct, before Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg finally seized control in 2007. Initially, martial arts favorite Stephen Chow was slated to direct, but further creative differences led to him leaving the project and Gondry assuming control once again (for more info on the film's history, check out this NYTimes piece).
The final product cost over $100 million to produce and has a wise-cracking Rogen playing Britt Reid, the titular character who teams up with martial arts expert and genius engineer Kato (played by Jay Chou) to defeat the vicious Chudnofsky (Christoph Waltz). So was all the hullabaloo worth it? Does Rogen show he can still draw laughs? Does Gondry manage to imbue a superhero story with his whimsical visual style? Does Jay Chou's heavy accent threaten to torpedo the whole thing? Hit the jump to leave your thoughts. Spoilers are allowed in the comments and after the break.


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The Indianapolis Colts may have thought they left it all on the field during close win against Miami on Sunday, but they had plenty of emotions to unleash in the locker room after their head coach delivered an emotional postgame message that included references to his daughters' future weddings.
Coach Chuck Pagano, who has been receiving treatment for leukemia since being diagnosed on Sept. 26, delivered both pregame and postgame messages that some players said brought out tears.
"I mentioned before the game that you guys were living in a vision, and you weren't living in circumstances," Pagano said, surrounded by his players and interim coach Bruce Arians standing at his side after the Colts' third straight win.
"You know where they had us in the beginning, every last one of them. But you refused to live in circumstances and you decided consciously as a team and as a family to live in a vision, and that's why you bring things home like what you bring home today. That's why you're already champions and well on your way," he said.
"I've got circumstances. You guys understand it, I understand it," Pagano added. "It's already beat. It's already beat. My vision that I'm living is to see two more daughters get married, dance at their weddings and then lift the Lombardi Trophy several times. I'm dancing at two more weddings and we're hoisting that trophy together, men. Congratulations, I love all of you."
The Colts have now won more than twice as many games in half a season as they did in 16 games last year.
Pagano wasn't forgotten on the field, either. Receiver Reggie Wayne traded high-fives with fans right above the "Chuckstrong" sign in the south end zone after scoring a 9-yard touchdown.
"His presence is felt every day in the facility," Colts rookie phenom quarterback Andrew Luck said. "But to see him in the flesh, in the locker room, to hear him speak I think gave all the guys a boost."
You can watch another version of the speech below:
The Associated Press contributed to this report.


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A Community Resource Governed by Community Members
Northeast Indiana Public Radio, Inc. is a not for profit community organization whose mission is to "engage our community with content that enriches the human experience." Trustees are charged with financial oversight, strategic planning, and ensuring that the mission of the organization is honored in all our work.
Trustees are community members with a passion for public radio. All areas of expertise, experience, and geographic residence are needed. Those with an interest in board membership should contact us and the information will be forwarded to Governance Committee Chair.
Board of Trustees
- David Milne, Board Chair, Symmetry Surgical, Inc.
- Lucretia Cardenas, Vice Chair, Greater Fort Wayne Business Weekly
- Carolyn Warsco, Treasurer, IPFW
- Kate Virag, Secretary, Matilda Jane Clothing
- Rachel Blakeman, Community Advisory Board Chair, City of Fort Wayne
- Tom Boyer, Visit Fort Wayne
- Alan Buck, Information Technology Consultant
- Patrick Buesching, 80/20
- John Burda, Wells Fargo
- Faith Van Gilder, Asher Agency
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- Jaclyn Goldsborough, Northeast Indiana Regional Partnership
- Jo Ann Grevenow
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The Northeast Indiana Public Radio Board of Trustees is scheduled to meet on the following dates. The public is welcome to attend these meetings. Meetings begin at 5:30pm, locations may vary. For meeting location and additional information, call (260) 452-1189.
2017 Board Of Trustees Meeting Dates
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A single lady never married ex nurse recently died in Bristol leaving £520k in her will "to the government" the Tories decided that mean £420k for them and £100k to Lib Dems. After predictable up roar that government didn't mean political party Lib Dems have given their money back. Labour have started a campaign as to what to do withJoans Half Million
So what's the view here as to what to do with the money ?
Mine is simple, she had been living in a 3 bed council house for most of her life so that £500k should go to providing more council houses for people that actually need them. What I cannot fathom is how you get to live in subsidised council housing and have 520k to leave in your will. We have all this outrage at "bed room tax" when we have single pensioners with £500k living in 3 bed council houses


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Rupert Murdoch only recently opened up his Twitter account, but he's quickly accrued some 140,000 followers, and made some controversial tweets.
He's had a pop at Google and Obama, no less, and stirred up a considerable storm in the media.
He tweeted accusing Google of being a leading force when it came to facilitating net piracy, saying: "Piracy leader is Google who streams movies free, sells advts around them. No wonder pouring millions into lobbying."
He also said that Obama had "thrown in his lot with Silicon Valley paymasters who threaten all software creators with piracy, plain thievery".
Murdoch also noted that he'd done a search on Google for the film Mission Impossible, and said: "Wow, several sites offering free links. I rest my case."
Fighting talk indeed, the millions in lobbying referred to being the action Google, along with many other prominent tech firms, has taken in opposition of SOPA over in the States.
SOPA, the Stop Online Piracy Act, is legislation supported by Murdoch – and other media companies, who some might call Obama's movie industry paymasters – as an effort to curtail pirates internationally.
However, the act proposes dangerous levels of power to interfere with the web, potentially harming free speech on the net and the operation of many sites as they stand.
And it's unlikely to achieve its goals either, as the war against piracy is another conflict which isn't realistically ever going to be winnable in any true sense of the word.
Obama has recently spoken out against some of the more overreaching powers of SOPA, which is why he's in Murdoch's firing line along with Google.
Unsurprisingly, Google took strong issue with Murdoch's comments. The company told C-net, via an email: "This is just nonsense. Last year we took down 5 million infringing Web pages from our search results and invested more than $60 million in the fight against bad ads… We fight pirates and counterfeiters every day."
Murdoch also tweeted about the extortionate prices of cinema tickets, popcorn and soda. Just to prove that he's still in touch with the common man, naturally.


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Tickets to a 2BWell Cooking Class
Your Way to Delicious food & Better Health: The art of utilizing Eastern spices in modern cooking.
Everything you need to know about healthy Thanksgiving side dishes. Sample 2BWell's very own cooking genius, Maryam Milani-Baladi's, delicious food and leave with more food and a jar of fermented veggies.
When: Saturday Nov 15th, from 4 to 6:30 PM
Where: NCNM's Kitchen
049 SW Porter Street, Portland, OR 97201
Price: $75 before Nov 10th, $100 after
Register at: firstname.lastname@example.com / 503-655-0044


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Downy mildew (caused by Peronospora viciae) and collar rot (caused by Ascochyta pinodella and Ascochyta pinodes) are the two most common and important diseases of processing pea crops, adversely effecting yield and quality.
Cost-effective management strategies for these two diseases are therefore vital for the sustainability of processing pea production in Australia.
Infected seeds and soils are common sources of inoculum for both types of pathogen.
This four page brochure summarises appropriate management strategies for preventing seedling and field infections by these pathogens.
Hoong Pung
Susan Cross
Richard E. Falloon
Conclusions :
Acknowledgements :
The funding of this project by Horticultural Research and Development Corporation, processing pea growers, Simplot Australia Pty Ltd, McCain Foods (Australia) Pty Ltd and Syngenta Pty Ltd, is gratefully acknowledged.
We would also like to thank all the growers and field officers from Simplot Australia Pty Ltd and McCain Foods (Australia) Pty Ltd, who assisted in the project studies.
Lyndon Butler and Vaughan Trebilco of Forthside Vegetable Research Station are acknowledged for their assistance in the seed treatment trials at the station and for the use of their mechanical pea viner and pea maturometer.
Serve-Ag Research staff who assisted in this project are Sarah Lamprey, Pam Cox, Belinda Mathews, and Rebecca de Courcy.
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Victorian Vegetable Industry - 2014
Summary of the location, structure, production and performance of Victoria's vegetable industry prepared by the Victorian State Government in 2014.
In... Read more...
"Innovators in Agribusiness"
"Boomaroo Nurseries"
"Top Specialist Vegetable Seed Retailer in Australia"
"Werribee South Farm Supplies"
"Prime plastic bags
"Kwik Lok Australia"
"Fresh Select"
"Transplant Systems"
"Polyfoam Australia"


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The Mississippi River continues swelling to heights not seen in nearly a century, as historic floods now surge through west Tennessee on a massive march to the Gulf of Mexico. The river stood at 47.6 feet in Memphis Sunday, and is expected to crest at 48 feet by Tuesday morning — the first time since 1937 it has risen above even 41 feet. And while the water appears to be moving slowly, looks can be deceiving, warns U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Col. Vernie Reichling. "This water that we're seeing coming by is moving 2 million cubic feet per second," Reichling tells CNN. "To use an analogy, in one second that water would fill up a football field 44 feet deep."
The last time the Mississippi rose so high in Memphis was 1937, when a devastating flood covered 20 million acres and killed more than 500 people. The crest that year was 48.7 feet, and while the Corps doesn't expect this year's flood to match that, many locals remain cautious. "It's a very powerful river," says Bob Nations, director of preparedness in Shelby County, Tenn. "It looks like it's running very slowly, but it has a very strong current. We still don't know [exactly what] the river might do." The problem isn't limited to the Mississippi River, either — dozens of its tributaries are also backing up as they try to dump water into the flooded waterway, spreading the danger across vast rural areas. And while the main threat is currently near Memphis, it's just foreshadowing for people farther south, where the river is expected to crest in the coming days and weeks. The Corps plans to perform some high-stakes maneuvers to prevent disasters in Louisiana and Mississippi, and as is often the case with flood control, there will be winners and losers, the Wall Street Journal reports.
The Corps plans to open the Bonnet Carré Spillway in Louisiana today, sending freshwater surging through environmentally sensitive waters on its way to Lake Ponchartrain — and likely killing many oysters and other shellfish in the process. The Corps has warned it may need to open the Morganza Floodway, too, which would lower the river from Baton Rouge to New Orleans but also force a dozen smaller towns to evacuate. All this comes after the Corps already flooded 130,000 acres of Missouri farmland to save the town of Cairo, Ill., from devastating floods. As the Journal reports, such drastic measures have sparked a re-examination of how the U.S. controls floods, possibly marking a turning point from the all-or-nothing tactics that have persisted since the Great Depression. The Corps is phasing in a policy that would allow more flooding to occur in the Mississippi's natural floodplains, working with local officials to manage development and minimize damage when the river runs wild. "We need a bend-but-don't-break approach to flood management," says Andrew Fahlund, senior vice president for conservation at American Rivers. "Right now, there's very little bending and the breaking has catastrophic consequences."
(Sources: CNN, Memphis Commercial Appeal, Baton Rouge Advocate, New Orleans Times-Picayune, Wall Street Journal)
Japan's ongoing nuclear crisis was clearly triggered by a natural disaster: the catastrophic earthquake and tsunami on March 11. But many observers say it was also enabled by widespread human failures, namely an opportunistic nuclear industry and ineffective regulators who allegedly let unsafe conditions persist for years before the quake. And as the New York Times reports, some U.S. critics fear a similar regulatory breakdown could lead to a nuclear disaster on American soil, too.
The Times cites an example from 2007 at the Byron nuclear plant in Illinois, where the Exelon Corp. had repeatedly lowered its standards for the thickness of pipes that carry cooling water to key emergency equipment. As the old, corroding pipes wore down, the company simply reduced its standard for minimum safe thickness, eventually declaring that pipes just three-hundredths of an inch thick are safe, even though that was one-tenth of the original minimum thickness. When workers cleaning the pipes accidentally punctured them in '07, spurring a 12-day plant shutdown, it revealed that the federal Nuclear Regulatory Commission hadn't inspected the pipes for at least eight years prior, and that no one at the agency had noticed Exelon's creative methods of handling pipe corrosion. Yet despite how preventable the crisis was — and the plant's dangerous proximity to the city of Chicago — the NRC only dealt Exelon a reprimand for two low-level violations, the Times reports. The reasoning for the light punishment was apparently that disaster had been averted. "They always say, 'Oh, but nothing happened,'" says George Mulley Jr., a former investigator with the inspector general's office. "Well, sooner or later, our luck — you know, we're going to end up rolling craps."
As the Times reports, the Byron breakdown wasn't an isolated incident. The NRC has also taken three decades to install up-to-date fireproofing in plants after an accident in Alabama, and infamously backed down from the operator of a plant in Ohio, allowing a potentially dangerous hole to remain undiscovered for months. The number of civil penalties paid by licensed plant owners had fallen almost 80 percent since the late 1990s, which critics say is a sign of the agency's unwillingness to irritate the nuclear industry and its lobbyists. And all this comes after Congress created the NRC in the 1970s in an attempt to dismantle the cozy relationship between its predecessor, the Atomic Energy Commission, and the nuclear industry. "It wasn't much of a change," says former NRC commissioner Peter Bradford. "The NRC inherited the regulatory staff and adopted the rules and regulations of the AEC intact."
(Source: New York Times)
The sprawling metropolis of Hong Kong might not seem like a haven for wildlife, but wild monkeys have nonetheless found a way to prosper there, following the model of squirrels, coyotes and other urban animals by eating trash and abandoning their fear of humans. And now Hong Kong's macaques have grown so numerous and fearless that the city's government has turned to birth control, the AFP reports, after years of feeding bans have failed to have an effect.
"I think we still have plenty of space for wildlife," says Chung-tong Shek of the government's conservation department. "But the countryside and the city are adjacent to each other and sometimes there is conflict." Many of the city's 7 million human residents give frequent food handouts to local macaques, allowing the monkeys' population to surge beyond 2,000 in recent years, the AFP reports. That has been followed by a rise in complaints of problem monkeys, which have largely lost any fear of people and are sometimes on the verge of mugging Hong Kong residents, much as baboons are known to do in parts of Africa. Aggressive monkeys chase hikers for food outside Hong Kong, grabbing bags from their hands and reaching into their pockets, and more and more of them now seem to be infiltrating the city, too. "There is plenty of food inside the city in the garbage," Shek tells the AFP. "Some of [the monkeys] get lost in the city ... from time to time."
While previous birth-control efforts have included capturing male macaques and giving them vasectomies, the focus now is on sterilizing females. The goal is to raise the city's number of permanently or temporarily sterilized monkeys to more than 1,500, but as the AFP reports, the biggest hurdle is often catching the monkeys. Past tactics such as net guns, dart guns, snares, live decoys and small cages have ultimately failed, each working for only a brief period before the monkeys figure it out. The macaques have even begun to recognize individual conservation staff members, helping them avoid their potential captors altogether. The newest monkey-trapping strategy is to leave out large, baited cages for days at a time, letting the monkeys become comfortable with them before springing the trap. "It's very hard for people to catch a monkey," says Sally Kong, a spokeswoman for the city's conservation department. "We tried everything."
(Source: Agence France-Presse)
Mosquitoes are already springing to life across much of the U.S., especially in areas where weeks of intense rainfall have created extra puddles in which the insects can breed. And while malaria-carrying mosquitoes don't pose the threat in North America they do in many tropical parts of the world, a group of researchers studying African malaria mosquitoes have discovered a secret in how the bloodthirsty bugs target their hosts — potentially helping develop better mosquito repellents around the world.
Female mosquitoes are the only ones that drink blood, tracking down their hosts by following the clouds of carbon dioxide they exhale. Mosquitoes can often detect this CO2 from hundreds of feet away, and then come soaring in to stealthily steal some blood. Different mosquito species prefer to bite different parts of the body, and it's rarely wise for them to simply follow the CO2 trail right into a person's face, since that's a surefire way to get swatted. For the African malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, humans' feet and ankles are the preferred place to bite, and now researchers at the Netherlands' Wageningen University have figured out how the insects find their way to our feet.
Once an Anopheles gambiae mosquito gets within a certain distance from its host, it diverts from the CO2 trail and dives toward the feet, apparently lured by the smell of bacteria. And not just any bacteria — the researchers have found that it takes a human-specific blend of 10 bacterial foot odors to pull the mosquitoes away from the scent of CO2. Ph.D. candidate Remco Suer has now identified nine of those 10 foot odors, as well as the olfactory neurons the mosquitoes use to detect them. And since these bacterial odors can override a mosquito's pursuit of CO2, Suer believes they could help inspire a synthetic repellent that prevents malaria mosquitoes from finding a host by making them think they're already surrounded by delicious feet.
(Source: ScienceDaily)
"Soylent Green" is released, Greensburg, Kan., rebuilds to live up to its name, and more.
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Photo (Mississippi River floodwaters in Clarksdale, Miss., on May 8): ZUMA Press
Photo (Byron Nuclear Power Plant in Ogle County, Ill.): Exelon Nuclear/NRC
Photo (wild macaques in Hong Kong in 2009): ZUMA Press
Photo (Anopheles mosquito): U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention


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While he did not play his high school lacrosse in Marin, Mill Valley resident Roy Lang put together a monster campaign in 2008 for the best prep lacrosse program in the state.
In his third year on varsity, the senior midfielder led St. Ignatius of San Francisco to a 19-1 record, a No. 1 ranking in California, a No. 2 ranking in the Western region, and a No. 16 ranking in the nation, according to insidelacrosse.com.
Lang, bound for Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, led the Wildcats with 74 goals and was second on the team with 25 assists. Tactically, the product of Mill Valley's Southern Marin Lacrosse Club was essential in St. Ignatius' quick transition from defense to offense.
"The first outlet would usually be to me, so I would try to carry it across midfield, dodge and initiate the offense," Lang said. "If someone slid to me I'd pass, if not I'd probably shoot. We had a whole bunch of options on offense so no one could be selfish."
Coach Greg Angilly said Lang was the most consistent contributor for the Wildcats. Even in St. Ignatius' one loss, a 10-6 defeat to Kent Denver from Englewood, Co., the team captain scored three goals and had one assist to keep the game close until the fourth quarter.
Just as important as his in-game contributions was the way the team captain pushed his teammates at practice.
"He did a little bit of everything," Angilly said. "He won every sprint we did. When you're the best athlete and have the best work ethic, it sets the tone for the rest of the team."
Lang, along with teammate and fellow Mill Valley native Alex Capretta, was rewarded for his hard work and outstanding season with a selection to the Under Armour All-America game in Baltimore on July 12. The game recognizes the top 44 high school players in the nation.
As for competing at the next level, Angilly expects Lang to adjust quickly to collegiate lacrosse.
"He's a very special and skilled athlete," Angilly said. "It's going to take him a little while to get acclimated to college lacrosse, but I think we'll hear his name quite often."
- Vincent Tannura


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Former US president George H.W. Bush is sporting a look rather different from his usual, well-preserved brown locks: the 89-year-old has shaved his head in solidarity with the young son of a Secret Service agent.
The 2-year-old, identified only as Patrick, was recently diagnosed with leukemia, a dangerous cancer of the blood and bone marrow.
The former president's Secret Service security detail has launched a website devoted to Patrick's ongoing treatment and fundraising efforts in his name, including plans for an upcoming motorcycle benefit run.
Several members of the team decided to shave their heads to show their support for Patrick, whose treatment has caused him to lose his hair, the Star Telegram reported.
More from GlobalPost: US drugmakers cheer speed-lane for breakthrough therapies
"Once President and Mrs. Bush learned of this 'Patrick's Pals' effort, they made a donation and President Bush volunteered to shave his head as well," said a statement from Bush's office, according to the Star Telegram.
"The Bushes lost their second child, Robin, to leukemia 60 years ago this October at the age of four."
"We cannot thank both President AND Mrs. Bush enough for their generosity and concern!" Patrick's supporters wrote on the fundraising blog.
Barbara Bush spoke publicly of Robin's painful loss to her granddaughter, Barbara Bush Hager, in an interview on NBC's 'Today' show back in 2012. You can watch it below.
Visit NBCNews.com for breaking news, world news, and news about the economy


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Bergdahl deal prompts Cruz bill
Sen. Ted Cruz said that he plans to bring new legislation to the Senate floor that would put a stop on prisoner releases from Guantánamo Bay.
"I intend next week to file legislation to halt any releases from Guantánamo until we get to the bottom of what happened in [the case of Army Sgt. Bowe] Bergdahl and provide some real congressional oversight here because it is really needed," the Texas Republican told Sean Hannity on Fox News' "Hannity" on Wednesday.
Story Continued Below
Cruz said that this legislation is in response not only to the Bergdahl controversy, where five Taliban members were released from Gitmo in exchange for Bergdahl, but also after hearing of another potential prison release.
( Also on POLITICO: Obama: 'No apologies' on Bergdahl deal)
"The White House should release — should declassify — the files on the Gitmo 5," Cruz said. "If they say we should hand these terrorists over, then the American people deserve to know what they have done."
Cruz's office did not provide additional details on the possible legislation.


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Sat. Dec. 16, Good Morning
Good Morning to all of the ALLNURSES Premium Members.
It is a work day for me and I am in charge. I just wanted to say a quick Hello. But the thread hadn't been started.
(((((HUGS))))) for all. :flowersfo
Might be back but much later...Dec 16, '06
good morning ya'll!!!!!!!!
santa claus will be here before you know it. have you been naughty or nice?
thank you, jmgrn, for starting the good morning thread. i was just fixin' to do it, too, and you beat me to it!! hope you and everyone who comes along have a great saturday.
right now, must have some good old black goodness....... ... see ya'll in a few!!!
Last edit by sirI on Dec 16, '06Dec 16, '06Good morning! :kiss
I'm in the process of brushing my teeth and applying cosmetics to my face in preparation for a 16-hour double shift today. I hope all of you guys have a wonderful Saturday. Stay safe, get something accomplished, and take care!Dec 16, '06Good morning, folks! Today perhaps I will finally get a package or two mailed and some cards written. Can't believe its already the 15th. Ack!!Dec 16, '06hello, thecommuter. hope your workday weekend is a good one. will keep my fingers crossed for ya.Dec 16, '06hi, aimeee. yes, in less than a week, my youngest and fam will be here for christmas celebrations. no tree up for me - dh is dragging his feet. will get that up tomorrow.
hope you have a great day!Dec 16, '06
good saturday morning!!!!!
this santa has got to get her act together and get some serious shopping done today.
unfortunately mrs. claus is feeling a little under the weather today so hopefully mr. claus will be able to help out today.
i hope y'all have a productive day today.
Dec 16, '06pretty, pretty, tn. love your gm!!
sorry you are not feeling well. too close to christmas to get sick now. take care, hon. ((((hugs))))Dec 16, '06Quote from sirithanks siri!!! i was just getting ready to send you a message telling you how much i like your graphics this morning. don't know where you find so much!!!pretty, pretty, tn. love your gm!!
sorry you are not feeling well. too close to christmas to get sick now. take care, hon. ((((hugs))))Dec 16, '06it is so much fun to use these graphics. guess after christmas, we'll have to start on valentines graphics.
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