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Lifelong friendships, the glow of reunion, and the promise of the future
Dear Fellow Alumni,
This month marks the end of my term as AYAM president and also my 14th year of service on the Executive Committee as a member-at-large, AYA delegate, secretary, vice president, and president. I also celebrated my 40th Reunion with 29 classmates. Both events are very meaningful to me.
So why come to Reunion? My husband, who has been named an unofficial member of the class because of the number of Reunions he has attended, would say for the strawberries and whipped cream at the Saturday luncheon. I agree that they are great but I believe our classmates come to renew friendships which have been forged by common experiences, both amusing and profound. It was heartwarming to see people hugging and laughing about events as if they happened yesterday. There were great stories from the guys who spent a summer at the Indian Health Service, including hiking without water down the Grand Canyon. We reminisced about the second-year show and protests that cut classes short. We spoke about teachers and events that had a great influence on our careers and our lives. We tried to fill in the blanks about people who did not attend and we missed classmates who are no longer with us. Almost all of us are still working, and we all enjoy passing down our wisdom to our younger colleagues, some of whom are our children. It is clear that the relationships we formed and the inspiration we experienced at Yale have affected our careers and our lives and the lives of our patients.
It has been an honor and true pleasure to be president of the AYAM for the past two years and interact with so many of our alumni, Dean Alpern, the dedicated staff, and so many others around the University. It has enriched my own experience of our beloved medical school in more ways than I ever imagined.
During my term in office, our alumni association Executive Committee has been expanding our programming and implementing ways for alumni to interact with one another and the school. Over the past year, the alumni association hosted or co-hosted, with the Association of Yale Alumni, events in Chicago, San Francisco, New York City, and Denver. We piloted a young alumni welcome in Boston last fall, and hope to do more of these in the future. Plans are already in the works for events in the coming months in Washington, DC and Philadelphia. We are initiating new pilot projects to connect alumni and students on a one-on-one basis, either on campus or when interviewing for residencies. We plan to host a student-alumni mentoring dinner, intensifying awareness of our association and strengthening ties with our future members. We continue to donate and distribute stethoscopes to the first-year students at their White Coat Ceremony, which is a daily reminder of the shoulders they stand on.
We have begun to expand our horizons to consider inclusion of service and giving back to Yale and our communities in our programming and efforts. We have worked toward building alliances between the medical school and the greater Yale alumni community with more active involvement of our members at the Yale AYA Assembly, with participation in the AYA Board of Governors Graduate and Professional Schools committee, and by encouraging our graduates to engage in the Yale Day of Service and Yale Alumni Service Corps activities.
As my term comes to an end, I assure you I am not going to disappear into the finely carved woodwork, particularly as I have recently been elected to the Board of Governors of the Association of Yale Alumni. I look forward to actively participating and representing our interests in that umbrella alumni organization. It refreshes my spirit to come back to Yale, whether it is for a committee meeting, an Assembly or a Reunion. Thank you for allowing me to serve as a leader of this amazing group of doctors and scholars. I got to work with old and new friends and a dedicated staff for a school I love. What could be better?!
Christine A. Walsh, M.D. '73
President, AYAM
Photo: Christine Walsh, M.D. '73, (center) honored for completion of her term as President of the Association of Yale Alumni in Medicine by Dean Alpern and incoming AYAM President Susan Ryu Gaynon, M.D. '73. Credit: Terry Dagradi
The Alumni Bulletin is a regular message from AYAM President, and distributed to members of the AYAM periodically throughout the year. This may be found on the Alumni & Friends website at http://medicine.yale.edu/alumni/news/bulletin/index.aspx. Write to the Alumni Office at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Page: 1 of 2 Items For Sale - Dolls / Dolls / Lenci
Item #PriceItem Name / Description
165 Sale $130
Lenci Elisabetta 17 " Felt DollLenci Elisabetta 17 " Felt Doll She is wearing a pink felt dress with white felt polka dots She has blonde hair and blue eyes with a large pink bonnet She is mint in the box with her hang tags, certificate and letter... more http://www.tace.com/i/45603.htmlFrom: Antique & Collectibles Marketplace
125 Sale $95
Lenci Debora Felt DollLenci Debora 19 inch Felt Doll She has brown and brown hand painted eyes She is wearing a yellow felt dress with blue trim and floral felt accents She is wearing a yellow felt wide brimmed hat Mint in the box with hang tag, certificate, and letter... more http://www.tace.com/i/45606.htmlFrom: Antique & Collectibles Marketplace
75 Sale $65
Lenci Loretta 13 " Felt DollLenci Loretta 131/2 " Felt Doll Pink felt dress accented with bows. Her white sheer shoulder wrap has felt flower trim She has blonde braided hair with blue eyes She is mint in the box with her hang tag and her certificate,and letter... more http://www.tace.com/i/45602.htmlFrom: Antique & Collectibles Marketplace
150 Sale $120
Lenci Modestina 22" Felt DollModestina is a 22" Lenci felt doll Honey blonde hair with long curls and hand painted brown eyes Multi colored felt dress with a brownish gold prairie style bonnet Mint in the box with her hang tag, certificate and letter She has a felt covered hat box, too... more http://www.tace.com/i/45601.htmlFrom: Antique & Collectibles Marketplace
195 Sale $150
Lenci Rosamunda 17" Felt DollLenci Rosamunda 17 inch felt doll Honey blonde hair in long curls and hand painted brown eyes Dressed in a sheer layered dress with black and green felt trim She is wearing a green vest and holding a sheath of felt wheat Her outfit has a large brimmed yellow felt hat She is mint in the box with hang tag, certificate and letter... more http://www.tace.com/i/45604.htmlFrom: Antique & Collectibles Marketplace
125 Sale $110
Lenci Violetta Felt DollLenci Violetta Felt Doll She has blonde hair and hand painted blue eyes Her lavender felt dress has a striped underskirt with a solid overskirt Matching striped bloomers with lavender shoes and hat Mint in the box with hang tags, certificate and letter... more http://www.tace.com/i/45605.htmlFrom: Antique & Collectibles Marketplace
185 Sale $145
Steiff Felt Tennis Lady Betty Doll FilzpuppeA 1980's replica of Margarete Steiff Doll. This is "Tennislady Betty" and was made in Germany in 1986. Tennislady is a limited Edition 3,000 pieces worldwide and this is number 954. She has her Steiff Button in her left ear and her White Tag and Button attached to the tail of her jacket. The doll is all felt with blue glass eyes. Dress is a sports costume of 1913 period. Ecru felt j... more http://www.tace.com/i/35305.htmlFrom: Antique & Collectibles Marketplace

subset: commoncrawl


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|20 Sep 2010
W7 Reverts back to Cloned display mode
Hey all,
I dont know how to describe this too well, so bare with me. Everytime a windows popup takes over my screen (like the UAC takeover, or the CTRL+ALT+DEL screen) my displays always revert to Cloned mode after the popup is finished.
I've tried the registry edit with changing the TMM value, but that has returned unsuccessful.
I'm using the windows 7 enterprise on a Fujitsu laptop with an internal Intel graphics card.
|My System Specs
|21 Sep 2010
I am having the exact same problems. Colorado Springs? I've searched for a patch, but to no avail.
|My System Specs
|21 Sep 2010
I believe that it is a Windows 7 specific error. I've looked into the registry to see if there is a fix, but I'm not finding anything. However, there are specific programs which might fix the issue. I'm still looking into it.
|My System Specs
|25 Sep 2010
Email I sent out:
If you have a second monitor connected to your dock (with a VGA connection) and it continually changes orientation (from extended desktop to clone or etc) whenever you login, type in your administrative password, ctrl alt del, or things of the like, I believe I found a solution:
1. Go to your Fujitsu Tablet Controls (Start -> Type: "Fujitsu Tablet Controls" OR press the BLUE Fn key, ON your laptop monitor, twice -> Select "Fujitsu Tablet Controls")
2. Boom. Uncheck all four "Enable Un/Docked Notebook/Tablet Profile" buttons
3. Click Apply
4. Celebrate.
5. Now two step.
6. Then get jiggy with it.
If it doesn't work…..well……it worked for me so I don't know what to tell ya. Later.
|My System Specs
|26 Sep 2010
Windows 7 Ultimate x64, Mint 9
Not entirely sure that this thread makes complete sense, however...
Update drivers?
|My System Specs
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Ok this one is driving me nuts. In my themes window under 'my themes' I have my own theme that I use most of the time and somehow a split image of that theme titled 'unsaved theme' but with the screensaver turned OFF. I am not sure how this one got there but no matter how many times I switch...
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Im trying to get the best virtual ram usage for my video editing system (WIN7 32BIT 4gB RAM) so I've taken the advice of some and switched the virtual ram over to another drive from that of C (boot) drive. The system recommends 5361mb and 3574mb is currently allocated. I've reset these values twice...
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External monitor resolution reverts back to 800 x 600
How do I stop the screen resolution from reverting back to 800 x 600 when switching to external monitor? Intel(R) Graphics Media Accelerator Driver for Mobile thinks the optimal resolution is 800 x 600 when it's actually 1024 x 768. How do I make it see 1024 x 768 as the optimal resolution and make...
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Screen resolution problem always reverts back to 1280X1024
Screen resolution problem always reverts back to 1280X1024 I am trying to set my desktop resolution to 1252x864 I found that if I restart my PC no problem happens. But if it was awaked from sleep or hibernation the resolution would revert back to 1280X1024. I tried other resolution such as...
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power option reverts back to balanced on startup
I have tried to update my video driver, but that didn't do much. Also changed all my plans to default state. Any idea guys? This is for 64-bits Win7
|Performance & Maintenance
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Photo All-in-One Quick Start Guide...
Telephone Device for the Deaf (TDD) support is available at (1-866-251-3752). 4. Extended Service and Support Canon CarePAK Extended Service Plan is a cost-attractive and easy-to-use extended service program that provides up to three full years of service and support coverage at a very attractive price.
Photo All-in-One Quick Start Guide...
Canon PIXMA MP600 Photo All-in-One Quick Start Guide. Copyright This manual is copyrighted by Canon U.S.A., Inc. with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be reproduced in any form, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of Canon U.S.A., Inc.
Table of Contents Before Printing...2 Basic Operation for the Operation Panel ...2 Turning the Machine On and Off ...4 Handling the Original Document...5 Loading Printing Paper ...7 Changing the Paper and Print Settings ...21 Printing from Your Computer...26 Printing with Windows...26 Printing with Macintosh...27 Scanning Images ...28 Scanning Methods ...28...
Before Printing Basic Operation for the Operation Panel (A) HOME button (B) Easy-Scroll Wheel (C) OK button Easy-Scroll Wheel Turn the Easy-Scroll Wheel left or right to select the setting item. The selected item is highlighted or surrounded by a frame. You can also use the {, }, [ or ] button to select the setting items.
Settings: Easy photo reprint: Memory card: Other Buttons (A) NAVI button (B) Function buttons NAVI Button You can easily reach the function that you want to perform. Select what you want to do on the navigation menu, then press the OK button. Function Buttons Two Function buttons enable you to select menus displayed at the bottom of the LCD.
Turning the Machine On and Off Turn on the machine before printing. Turning on the Machine Before turning on the machine, confirm the following. The Print Head and ink tanks are set into place. If you are using the machine connected to a computer, confirm also the following. The machine is connected to your computer (or a compatible device).
Handling the Original Document This section describes how to load the original document on the Platen Glass. Original Document Requirements The original documents you load on the Platen Glass for copying or scanning must meet these requirements: Document Paper documents type Photographs Books...
Important Do not place any objects weighing more than 4.4 lb / 2 kg on the Platen Glass. Do not press or put weight on the original with pressure exceeding 4.4 lb / 2 kg. Doing so may cause the scanner to malfunction or the Platen Glass to break.
Loading Printing Paper This section describes how to load printing paper in the Auto Sheet Feeder and the Cassette. Paper Handling Recommended Paper and Requirements Media Type Model Plain Paper — Envelopes — High Resolution HR-101N 80 sheets (A4, Letter) Paper Super White SW-201...
Paper with a Model Number is Canon specialty media. You may not be able to purchase some Canon genuine papers depending on your country. *1 Paper is not sold in the US by Model Number. Purchase paper by name. *2 Available only when printing from your computer.
Folded, curled, or wrinkled paper Damp paper Paper that is too thin (weighing less than 64 gsm / 17 lb) Paper that is too thick (non-Canon genuine paper weighing more than 105 gsm / 28 lb) Picture postcards Postcards affixed with photos or stickers...
Using Specialty Media Canon recommends that you use Canon genuine media to ensure optimal print quality. Photo Quality Media Glossy Photo Paper Matte Photo Paper Photo Paper Plus Double Sided Photo Paper Plus Glossy Photo Paper Plus Semi-gloss Photo Paper Pro...
When Printing for the First Time At purchase, the machine is set to feed from the Auto Sheet Feeder. If you are printing without changing paper source settings, load paper in the Auto Sheet Feeder. Note For details on loading paper, see "Loading Paper in the Auto Sheet Feeder" on page 16. (A) Load plain paper in the Auto Sheet Feeder.
Paper Source Selection Scenarios Deciding on the usage of the two paper sources to print with minimum reloading of paper depends mainly on the variety of the type of paper you use regularly. If you print regularly on photo paper as well as on plain paper If you use photo paper as much as plain paper, you can load photo paper in the Auto Sheet Feeder and plain paper in the Cassette.
If you print mainly on plain paper You can load plain paper of the same size in both paper sources, and set the printer driver to automatically switch the paper source when either paper source runs out of paper during printing.
Changing the Paper Source Before printing, confirm that the location where you have loaded paper is selected as the paper source. Press the Paper Feed Switch to change the paper source. Important When Printing from Your Computer If Paper Feed Switch is not selected for Paper Source in the printer driver, the Paper Feed Switch on the machine will be disabled when printing.
Note For details on the specialty media Canon provides for use with its various printers, refer to "Printing Media" in the User's Guide on-screen manual. For detailed instructions on how to load specialty media into the machine, refer to "Printing Media"...
Loading Paper in the Auto Sheet Feeder Flatten the four corners of the paper before loading it. Note Align the edges of paper neatly before loading. Loading paper without aligning the edges may cause paper jams. If paper is curled, hold the opposing curled corners and gently bend them in the opposite direction until the paper becomes completely flat.
Load the paper. (1) Load the paper in the Auto Sheet Feeder with the print side facing UP. (2) Align the paper stack against the Cover Guide on the right side of the Paper Support. Note Make sure that the Cover Guide is set upright when you load paper in the Auto Sheet Feeder.
Load the paper with the print side facing DOWN. (1) Load the paper in the Cassette with the print side facing DOWN and the leading edge to the far side. (2) Align the paper stack against the right side of the Cassette.
Loading Envelopes Use either European DL or US Comm. Env. #10-sized envelope. Important You need to print from the computer to print on envelopes. Do not use envelopes with embossed or treated surfaces, a double flap, pressure seals, or sticker flaps. Select either DL Env.
Loading Envelopes in the Cassette Align the envelope stack against the right side of the Cassette. Load with the front face DOWN. The flap of the envelope will appear facing UP on the left side. A maximum of 5 envelopes can be loaded at once. Slide the Paper Guides against the side of the envelope.
Changing the Paper and Print Settings This section describes the Settings screen that can be specified on the Operation Panel when copying, or when printing from a memory card or printed photo. Setting Items in Each Mode Items in each mode are as follows. When you select the item to set and press the OK button, a screen with various settings is displayed.
Important While Auto is selected, you can not change the intensity by using the Easy-Scroll Wheel. Press the Function button (f2/Switch auto/man) to enable manual intensity settings again and then specify the intensity. See "Function Buttons" on page 3. (3) Select the paper source. Before printing, confirm that the location where you have loaded paper is selected as the paper source.
Memory Card and Easy Photo Reprint Modes This section describes the paper and print settings for Memory card and Easy photo reprint modes. Print Settings Confirmation Screen You can specify the paper settings for printing or print quality. Note Paper size, media type, and print quality settings are specified for the paper source selected by the Paper Feed Switch.
Advanced Print Settings Screen When you press the Function button (f1/Advanced) in the print settings confirmation screen, the advanced print settings screen is displayed. See "Function Buttons" on page 3. You can optimize photos and advanced print settings with the functions below. Memory card mode Easy photo reprint mode (1) Select bordered or borderless print.
(4) Activate/deactivate Red eye correction. Corrects red eyes in portraits caused by flash photography. Red eye correc. OFF, Red eye correc. ON (5) Activate/deactivate Vivid photo function. Makes green and blue more lively. Vivid photo OFF, Vivid photo ON (6) Activate/deactivate the Photo Optimizer pro function. Automatically optimizes brightness and tone of a photo.
Create a document or open a file to print using an appropriate application software. Select Print on the application software's File menu. Make sure that Canon MP600 Printer is selected, and click Preferences (or Properties). Specify the required settings and click OK.
Printing with Macintosh Turn on the machine and load the paper in the machine. See "Turning the Machine On and Off" on page 4 and "Loading Printing Paper" on page 7. Make sure that the proper paper source is selected. See "Changing the Paper Source"...
Scanning Images You can scan images from the machine to a computer without printing them and save them in popular file formats, such as JPEG, TIFF, bitmaps, or PDF. If you are scanning printed text, you can use the OCR (Optical Character Recognition) software to convert it to text data. Scanning Methods Scanning Using the MP Navigator Using MP Navigator, you can scan originals loaded on the Platen Glass and view images saved...
Copying Making Copies This section describes the basic procedure to make copies. Turn on the machine. See "Turning the Machine On and Off" on page 4. Select Copy on the HOME screen. See "Basic Operation for the Operation Panel" on page 2. Load paper.
Using Other Copy Functions Reduced/Enlarged Copy Reduces or enlarges copies. Two-sided copy Copies two original pages onto the sides of a single sheet of paper. Borderless copy Copies color images so that they fill the entire page without borders. 2-on-1 copy Copies two original pages onto a single sheet of paper by reducing each image.
Printing from a Memory Card Memory Cards Supported by This Machine The following memory cards are compatible with this machine. Memory cards that can be directly inserted into the Card Slot: Memory cards that can be inserted in the Card Slot using the adapter: *1 Requires purchase of a separate compact flash card adapter for xD-Picture cards.
Inserting the Memory Card Turn on the machine. See "Turning the Machine On and Off" on page 4. Open the Card Slot Cover. Insert one and only one memory card into the Card Slot. Card Type Compact Flash (CF) card Microdrive xD-Picture card* SmartMedia...
Removing the Memory Card Open the Card Slot Cover. Make sure that the Access lamp is not flashing, then remove the memory card. Close the Card Slot Cover. Printing Photographs Stored on a Memory Card Prepare for printing. (1) Turn on the machine. See "Turning the Machine On and Off"...
Layout print Prints photos your pasted in the specified layout. Sticker print Prints your favorite photo with a frame on Canon Photo Stickers. DPOF print Prints according to the Digital Print Order Format (DPOF) settings on your digital camera, if you have specified them.
Printing Using the Photo Index Sheet Turn on the machine, and load A4 or Letter-sized paper. See "Turning the Machine On and Off" on page 4 and "Loading Printing Paper" on page 7. Make sure that the proper paper source is selected. See "Changing the Paper Source"...
Photo Printing from Photo You can scan photos into and then print them from the machine. Various effects can be applied to the images before printing them. Scanning a Photo Turn on the machine. See "Turning the Machine On and Off" on page 4. Select Easy photo reprint on the HOME screen.
The specified number of copies of each photo will be printed. Other Useful Functions Sticker print Prints your favorite photo on Canon Photo Stickers to create your own stickers. Print all photos Prints all scanned photos. Photo Printing from Photo...
Using Useful Display Functions Change display The display method of a photograph can be changed. Trimming Edits images displayed on the LCD by cropping them. Photo Printing from Photo...
Printing Photographs Directly from a Compliant Device Printing from a PictBridge Compliant Device You can connect a PictBridge compliant device such as a digital camera, camcorder, or mobile phone and print recorded images directly without using a computer. Note PictBridge is an industry standard enabling a range of digital photo solutions, including the direct printing of photos from a digital still camera, camcorder or mobile phone* without the need to use a computer.
Connect the PictBridge compliant device to the machine. Note Depending on the model or brand of your device, you may have to select a print mode compliant with PictBridge before connecting the device. You may also have to turn on the device or select Play mode manually after connecting the device to the machine.
Default setting explained below is applied for the setting item. * In the following description, names of settings items are given according to those used in Canon-brand PictBridge compliant devices. Setting item names may be different depending on the brand or model of your device.
*5 Feeding this paper from the Cassette can damage the machine. Load in the Auto Sheet Feeder. *6 You may not be able to purchase some Canon genuine papers depending on your country. *7 When printing on Photo Paper Plus Semi-gloss 8" x 10" / 203.2 x 254.0 mm (SG-201), select 20 x 25 cm/8"...
For details on the setting, see "Confirming or Changing PictBridge Print Settings from Your Camera" on page 41. If you are using a Canon-brand PictBridge compatible device, additional options of VIVID, NR, Face, or Red eye may be available, depending on the model.
Confirming or Changing PictBridge Print Settings on the Machine You can confirm and change the print settings such as media type and size that are preset to the machine and applied to PictBridge printing. Displaying the PictBridge Settings Screen and Specifying the Settings (1) Turn on the machine.
Contrast Adjust contrast. Color hue Adjust color hue. Effects Applies special effects to the photo, such as printing in sepia tones or with a sketch illustration like effect. Printing Photographs Directly from a Compliant Device...
Routine Maintenance Replacing an Ink Tank When ink runs out, replace the ink tank. The machine will not print if the wrong type of ink tank is used, or if it is installed in the incorrect position. The machine uses the following ink tanks. Black: CLI-8BK Black: PGI-5BK Yellow: CLI-8Y...
* With this operation, releasing the function for detecting the remaining ink level is memorized. Please be advised that Canon shall not be liable for any malfunction or trouble which may be caused by continuation of printing under the ink out condition.
Important Handling Ink To maintain optimal printing quality, we recommend the use of specified Canon brand ink tanks. Refilling ink is not recommended. Once you remove an ink tank, replace it immediately. Do not leave the machine with ink tanks removed.
Remove the ink tank whose lamp is flashing fast. (1) Push the tab and remove the ink tank. Important Handle ink tanks carefully to avoid staining clothing or the surrounding area. Discard empty ink tanks according to the local laws and regulations regarding disposal of consumables.
Install the ink tank. (1) Insert the front end of the ink tank into the Print Head. (2) Press on the mark on the ink tank until the ink tank snaps firmly into place. (3) Make sure that the ink lamp lights up red. Important The machine cannot be used unless all the ink tanks are installed.
Keeping the Best Printing Results To avoid drying of the Print Head and clogging of the nozzles, note the following. When You Turn Off the Machine Follow the procedure below to turn off the machine. (1) Press the ON/OFF button to turn off the machine. (2) Confirm that the POWER lamp has gone out.
See "Print Head Deep Cleaning" on page 58. Note If Print Head Deep Cleaning does not resolve the problem, the Print Head may be damaged. Contact your Canon service representative. If the Ruled Lines Are Shifted Step 1 See "Aligning the Print Head" on page 60.
Printing the Nozzle Check Pattern Print the nozzle check pattern to determine whether the ink ejects properly from the Print Head. Note Make sure that the Inner Cover is closed. Make sure that the machine is turned on, then load a sheet of A4 or Letter-sized plain paper in the Auto Sheet Feeder or the Cassette.
Examining the Nozzle Check Pattern Follow the procedure below to examine the nozzle check pattern, and perform cleaning if necessary. Note If the ink level is low, the nozzle check pattern is not printed correctly. Replace the relevant ink tank. See "Replacing an Ink Tank"...
The confirmation screens for white streaks and missing lines are displayed alternately. Select the pattern that is closer to the nozzle check pattern that you printed. If There Are No Missing Lines and No White Streaks (1) Select All A and press the OK button. The LCD returns to the Maintenance screen.
Print Head Cleaning Clean the Print Head if lines are missing or if white streaks appear in the printed nozzle check pattern. Cleaning unclogs the nozzles and restores the print head condition. Note that cleaning the Print Head causes used ink to be absorbed in the ink absorber. Cleaning the Print Head consumes ink, so perform Print Head Cleaning only when necessary.
Check the print head condition with the printed nozzle check pattern, and take appropriate action. See "Examining the Nozzle Check Pattern" on page 54. Note If the problem is not resolved after performing steps 4 and 5 twice, try Print Head Deep Cleaning. See "Print Head Deep Cleaning"...
Print Head Deep Cleaning If print quality does not improve by standard Print Head Cleaning, try Print Head Deep Cleaning, which is a more powerful process. Note that cleaning the Print Head causes used ink to be absorbed in the ink absorber. Print Head Deep Cleaning consumes more ink than standard Print Head Cleaning, so perform this procedure only when necessary.
(2) If the print head nozzles are still not clean, turn off the machine and perform another Print Head Deep Cleaning after 24 hours. (3) If this does not solve the problem, the Print Head may be damaged. Contact your Canon service representative.
Aligning the Print Head If ruled lines are printed misaligned or print results are otherwise unsatisfactory, adjust the print head position. Note Make sure that the Inner Cover is closed. Automatic Print Head Alignment Note You cannot feed paper from the Cassette when performing Automatic Print Head Alignment. Always load paper in the Auto Sheet Feeder.
Manual Print Head Alignment If the results of Automatic Print Head Alignment are not satisfactory, follow the procedure below to perform Manual Print Head Alignment. For details on performing Automatic Print Head Alignment, see "Automatic Print Head Alignment" on page 60. Make sure that the machine is turned on, and then load three sheets of A4 or Letter-sized plain paper in the Auto Sheet Feeder or the Cassette.
Look at the printout. From the patterns, select the most even, least irregular patterns for each column and input their numbers. Press the OK button. (1) Select a column to input the pattern number. (2) Use the [ or ] button to input the number of the pattern.
Look at the printout. From the patterns, select the most even, least irregular patterns for each column and input their numbers. Press the OK button. In the same way in step 9, input the numbers. Note When you turn off the machine, be sure to press the ON/OFF button on the machine. Otherwise, the settings made here will not be saved.
Cleaning Your Machine This section describes the cleaning procedure that is needed to maintain your machine. Caution Be sure to turn off the power and disconnect the power cord before cleaning the machine. Do not use tissue paper, paper towels, or similar materials for cleaning. Paper tissue powders or fine threads may remain inside the machine and cause problems such as a blocked Print Head and poor printing results.
Repeat step 3 three times. The paper cleans the inside of the machine as it feeds through the machine. If there are no signs of improvement after performing cleaning three times, contact a Canon service representative. Cleaning the Inside of the Machine (Bottom Plate Cleaning) This section describes how to clean the inside of the machine.
Load this and only this sheet of paper in the Auto Sheet Feeder with the open side to the front. Perform bottom plate cleaning. (1) Select Settings on the HOME screen. See "Basic Operation for the Operation Panel" on page 2. The Settings screen is displayed.
Troubleshooting This section describes troubleshooting tips for problems you may encounter when using the machine. Note If you cannot find appropriate tips for your problem, refer to the on-screen manuals. "Error Message Is Displayed on the LCD" on page 68 "LCD Cannot Be Seen At All"...
5 seconds, and then release it. * With this operation, releasing the function for detecting the remaining ink level is memorized. Please be advised that Canon shall not be liable for any malfunction or trouble which may be caused by continuation of printing under the ink out condition.
However, because printing is disabled once the ink absorber becomes completely full and until the ink absorber is replaced, you are recommended to contact a Canon service representative as early as possible. (You will need to replace a particular part of the machine.) Disconnect the cable connecting the machine and the device, and then reconnect it.
5 seconds, and then release it. * With this operation, releasing the function for detecting the remaining ink level is memorized. Please be advised that Canon shall not be liable for any machine malfunction or damage caused by refilled ink tanks.
Double-click the CD-ROM icon on your desktop to start installation. If the CD-ROM icon is not displayed on the desktop, there may be a problem with the CD-ROM. Contact a Canon service representative. Follow the procedure described in the Easy Setup Instructions for proper installation.
If the CD-ROM icon is not displayed, restart your computer. If the icon is still not displayed, try different disks and see if they are displayed. If other disks are displayed, there is a problem with the Setup CD-ROM. Contact a Canon service representative.
Print Results Not Satisfactory Cannot Print to End of Job Cause Size of the print data is extremely large (Windows XP/Windows 2000 only). Part of the Page Is Not Printed Cause Page Size setting in the Operation Panel does not match the actual size of the paper loaded in the machine.
If the problem is still not resolved after performing Print Head Deep Cleaning twice The Print Head may be damaged. Contact your Canon service representative. For details on how to print the nozzle check pattern, how to clean the Print Head, and how to perform Print Head Deep Cleaning, see "When Printing...
Action When printing data with high color saturation such as photographs or images in deep color, we recommend using Photo Paper Pro or other Canon specialty paper. See "Media Types You Cannot Use" on page 9. Check that the Media Type set in the Operation Panel matches the type of the loaded printing paper.
Maintenance sheet, select the Prevent paper abrasion check box, and then click Send. In the Canon IJ Printer Utility, select Custom Settings in the pop-up menu, select the Prevent paper abrasion check box, and then click Send. To open the printer properties dialog box (Windows), refer to "Opening the Printer Properties Dialog Box (Windows)"...
Cause Media Type setting in the Operation Panel does not match the actual type of paper. Printing graphics with Intensity setting set too high. Printing beyond the recommended printing area. Colors Are Uneven or Streaked Cause Print quality is not set appropriately. Printing Problems When Copying Cause The original document is not loaded...
Printing Does Not Start Cause Ink tank is empty. Ink tank not installed in proper position. Open the Scanning Unit (Printer Cover) and check the ink lamps. Ink tank is not installed securely. / Part of the orange tape is remaining. Troubleshooting Action Open the Scanning Unit (Printer Cover) and check the ink lamps.
Cause Unnecessary print jobs are left in queue. / Computer problems. Paper Does Not Feed Properly Cause Printing on inappropriate type of paper. Paper Feed Rollers are dirty. Paper not loaded properly. Paper source selection is inappropriate. Action Restarting your computer may solve the problem. If there are any unnecessary print jobs, follow the procedure below to delete them.
Cause Too much plain paper loaded. Foreign object in the Auto Sheet Feeder or Cassette. Envelopes not prepared or loaded properly. Inner Cover is not completely closed. Troubleshooting Action You can load approximately up to 150 sheets of 17 lb / 64 gsm plain paper (0.52 inches / 13 mm in stack height).
If you cannot remove the paper or the paper tears inside the machine, or if the paper jam error continues after removing the paper, contact your Canon service representative. Do not load credit card-sized paper in the landscape orientation.
(3)Close the Rear Cover, then turn on the machine. Wait until the jammed paper is automatically ejected. If you cannot remove the jammed paper or the paper jam error continues after removing the paper, contact your Canon service representative.
Cause Paper jammed inside the machine at the transport unit. Action Remove the paper following the procedure below. (1)Open the Rear Cover. (2)If you can see the jammed paper, slowly pull the paper out. Be careful not to touch the components inside the machine. If you cannot pull the paper out, turn the machine off and turn it back on.
If you cannot remove the paper or if the paper tears inside the machine, or if the paper jam error continues after removing the paper, contact your Canon service representative. Remove the paper following the procedure below.
(3)Open the File menu and select Properties. (4)Click the Ports tab to confirm the port settings. Make sure that a port named USBnnn (Canon MP600 Printer) (where n is a number) is selected for Print to the following port(s). In Windows Me or Windows 98, click the Details tab and make sure that MPUSBPRNnn (Canon MP600 Printer) is selected for Print to the following port.
Error Regarding Automatic Duplex Printing Is Displayed Cause The correct media size is not selected in the MP Drivers. Error No.: 300 Is Displayed Cause The machine is not ready. Machine is not connected properly. Your machine is not selected in Printer on the Print dialog box.
However, because printing is disabled once the ink absorber becomes completely full and until the ink absorber is replaced, you are recommended to contact a Canon service representative as early as possible. (You will need to replace a particular part of the machine.) Action Close Inner Cover, press the OK button on the machine.
If you are using a non-Canon PictBridge compatible camera and not sure how to dismiss the printer error message from the camera, check the error message displayed on the LCD and dismiss the error message. For details on dismissing an error message from the machine, see "Error Message Is Displayed on the LCD"...
5 seconds, and then release it. * With this operation, releasing the function for detecting the remaining ink level is memorized. Please be advised that Canon shall not be liable for any machine malfunction or damage caused by refilled ink tanks.
You can view the on-screen manuals in the following way: To view the on-screen manual, double-click the MP600 On-screen Manual shortcut icon on the desktop, or click Start > All Programs (or Programs) > Canon MP600 Manual > MP600 On- screen Manual.
Specifications Printing resolution (dpi) Print speed* * Based on Canon standard pattern. Print speed may vary depending on system configuration, software, document complexity, print mode and page coverage. Print width Acoustic noise level Operating environment Storage environment Power supply Power consumption...
20 x 25 cm / 8" x 10" (Photo Paper Pro) 10.1 x 18 cm / 4" x 7.1" (Photo Paper Pro) *1 Canon-brand sticker. Printing on this paper is available only when the Layout function on your camera has a 16-up option. See "Recommended Paper and Requirements"...
*1 Conform to the operating system's requirement when it is higher than this. For updated compatibility, visit our website. *2 Operation can only be guaranteed on a computer with built-in USB or USB 2.0 Hi-Speed port and pre-installed Windows XP, 2000, Me, 98, or Mac OS X v.10.2.8 - v.10.4. *3 Including compatible processors.
Safety Precautions Please read the safety warnings and cautions provided in this manual to ensure that you use the machine safely. Do not attempt to use the machine in any way not described in this manual. Warning This product emits low level magnetic flux. If you use a cardiac pacemaker and feel abnormalities, please move away from this product and consult your doctor.
Cleaning the machine Use a damp cloth to clean the machine. Never use flammable solvents such as alcohol, benzene or thinners. If flammable solvents come in contact with electrical components inside the machine, it could cause a fire or electric shock. Always unplug the machine from the power outlet before cleaning the machine.
Power supply Ensure that the area around the power outlet is kept clear at all times so you can easily unplug the power cord if necessary. Never remove the plug by pulling on the cord. Do not use an extension lead/cord. Never use a power supply source other than the one rated for the machine in the country of where you purchased the machine.
Legal Limitations on Use of Your Product and Use of Images It may be unlawful to make copies of, scan, print, or use reproductions of the following documents. The list provided is non-exhaustive. When in doubt, check with a legal representative in your jurisdiction.
1-516-328-5600 Canon U.S.A., INC. LIMITED WARRANTY --- (USA Only) The limited warranty set forth below is given by Canon U.S.A., Inc. ("Canon USA") with respect to the new or refurbished Canon-brand product ("Product") packaged with this limited warranty, when purchased and used in the United States only.
Separate Warranty. Non-Canon brand equipment and software that may be distributed with the Product are sold "as is" and without warranty of any kind by Canon USA, including any implied warranty regarding merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose, and all such warranties are disclaimed.
ASF(s) near you may be obtained from Canon USA's Web site at www.canontechsupport.com or by calling the Canon USA Customer Care Center at 1-800-828-4040, or any time while speaking to a technical support person. A Product covered by this limited warranty will be repaired or exchanged, as determined by Canon USA, and returned without charge by the ASF.
Canon U.S.A., Inc. One Canon Plaza Lake Success, NY 11042 ©2006 Canon U.S.A., Inc. Canon is a registered trademark of Canon Inc. in the United States and may also be a registered trademark in other countries. Safety Precautions...
Specialty Media 10 Specifications copy 91 general 91 PictBridge 92 scan 91 System Requirements 92 Troubleshooting 67 Turning off the Machine 4 Turning on the Machine 4 Users in the U.S.A. Canon U.S.A., Inc. Limited Warranty - U.S. Only 98...
This product uses the following copyrighted software: exit.c Copyright © 1990 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, advertising materials, and other materials related to such distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed by the University of California, Berkeley.
© 2006 Canon U.S.A., Inc. Canon is a registered trademark of Canon Inc. in the United States and may be a registered trademark or trademarks in other countries. All other product and brand names are trademarks of their respective owners. As an ENERGY STAR partner, Canon U.S.A., Inc.
The following ink tanks are compatible with this product. QT5-0684-V02 XXXXXXXX ©CANON INC.2006 PRINTED IN THAILAND...


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Actor Woody Harrelson Applies To Open Marijuana Dispensary In Hawaii
Woody Harrelson has been an outspoken marijuana legalization activist for years and now he is putting his money where his mouth is and applying to open up a dispensary in Hawaii. The world-renowned actor was one of nearly 60 some people to apply for the chance to open one of the first dispensaries in the state.
Media caught word of Harrelson's potential investment when the Hawaii Department of Health published a list of 66 names on Friday, of people who applied to open a dispensary on the island. In April, the health department will announce which applicants will be awarded a permit.
Harrelson was not the only well-known person to apply for a permit, video game entrepreneur Henk Rogers, the developer of the classic game "Tetris" also applied for a permit. Local television personality Dirk Fukushima of "Hawaii Stars," was also on the list.
Applicants must have $1 million cash just to be able to apply for the license, and they would have to pay an additional $100,000 for each dispensary location.
In 2013, Harrleson opened up with Details magazine about his philosophical beliefs, explaining that he was strongly anti-war, and an anarchist.
"I don't believe in politics. I'm an anarchist, I guess you could say. I think people could be just fine looking after themselves," Harrelson said.
Although cannabis use is now extremely socially acceptable in the US, many celebrities are still afraid to put their support, and especially their money behind legalization efforts. However, more people in the public eye are beginning to voice public support for marijuana legalization.
As we reported earlier this year, George Zimmer, founder of Men's Wearhouse recently admitted to be a regular marijuana smoker, and called the plant's prohibition, "the biggest con ever perpetrated."
Also recently, Sean Parker, the billionaire founder of Napster and early executive of Facebook, donated a half million dollars towards marijuana legalization in California.
This article (Actor Woody Harrelson Applies To Open Marijuana Dispensary In Hawaii) is free and open source. You have permission to republish this article under a Creative Commons license with attribution to the author and TrueActivist.com.
John Vibes is an author and researcher who organizes a number of large events including the Free Your Mind Conference. He also has a publishing company where he offers a censorship free platform for both fiction and non-fiction writers. You can contact him and stay connected to his work at his Facebook page. You can purchase his books, or get your own book published at his website www.JohnVibes.com.


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Jun 26, 2014
Changes to China's Medical Device Law Take Effect This Month; Here's What You Need to Know.
On March 31, 2014, the Chinese State Council unveiled its amended "Regulations for the Supervisions and Administration of Medical Devices," aka State Council Decree No. 650. The amended decree, which went into effect on June 1, 2014, will be enforced by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's counterpart in China, the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA), formerly known as the State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA). While many industry observers have characterized the CFDA as being unnecessarily complicated and intentionally ambiguous, the modernization of its fourteen-year-old medical device law suggests that Chinese regulators are finally making strides to facilitate the device approval process, while simultaneously cracking down on overpricing and corporate malpractice. In this post, we'll compare the updated decree to the original and discuss how the new regulations will impact manufacturers hoping to break into China's lucrative medical device market.
Jun 24, 2014
Creating a Global Regulatory Plan
|A global regulatory strategy calls on strengths
from many different departments in a company.
Constant communication between departments is a must.
Having and maintaining strong global regulatory strategy and plans can help your business not only stay in compliance but can be an integral part of corporate market growth strategies. How many of us have jumped into a new market before fully understanding the regulatory requirements and the potential impact of those requirements? If you have, you are not alone. Mapping the requirements as part of your strategic planning may help you identify a great new market or help you avoid a costly mistake.
Labels: Compliance, Medical Device, Operational Efficiency, Pharma, Quality
Jun 19, 2014
Partnering with Quality Professionals Worldwide
|At MasterControl, our mission is to provide tools that allow
quality and compliance professionals do their job - to make
(often life-changing) products available to more people sooner.
MasterControl has grown our reach significantly over the last 10 years—from a small provider of a narrowly focused document control product to one of the largest organizations in the world focused on helping quality and compliance professionals achieve their purpose. I have met with many of the world's top quality professionals over the past 10 years and I have been amazed by their devotion and commitment. I have recently found myself asking the question: What drives these dedicated people? Why are they so passionate about their jobs? I believe I have found the answer and it has had a strong effect on how I view MasterControl's mission.
Labels: Blood & Biologics, GCP, GLP, GMP, Medical Device, Pharma, Quality
Jun 17, 2014
3 Common Cybersecurity Mistakes in Pharma (and How to Avoid Them)
|Information security deserves full attention
throughout pharma and life sciences companies
by Jim King, Senior VP of Technical Support & Infrastructure, MasterControl Inc.
Due to the ever-rising position of information as a valuable commodity, organizations must take steps to protect their data. For pharma and life sciences companies, the question is not if their digital data will be compromised, but when. Here are three common security mistakes made by enterprises and ways to avoid those mistakes by focusing on employee behavior.
Labels: Blood & Biologics, Compliance, Data Security, Medical Device, Pharma, Quality, Training
Posted by David Butcher
Jun 12, 2014
Quality's Role in Drug Approvals
|Quality-related issues are one of the most common reasons for
market entry delay. Where does your product rate on this scale?
In a recent review, I summarized the underlying reasons contributing to delayed market entry for 51 product applications submitted to CDER between 2009 and 2012.1 Reasons cited in the complete response letters issued for these applications covered a number of areas, including safety, efficacy, regulatory, labeling and quality related issues. Quality- related issues were one of the most prominent reasons for delay of market entry with deficiencies being cited in 20/51 (39%) of applications. GMP inspection failures and data deficiencies contributed equally to the quality citations. The prominence of quality-related issues in the delay of product approvals emphasizes the importance of robust quality programs in drug development. Understanding what elements have posed as hurdles in past development programs will help a sponsor avoid these pitfalls in the future.
Labels: Clinical, Compliance, FDA, GMP, Medical Device, Pharma, Quality, Regulation
MasterControl Demonstrating Quality Management Software at MD&M East and DIA
|MasterControl is a regular exhibitor at MD&M East
and at the DIA Annual Meeting. Look for us later
this year at Compamed in Dusseldorf, Germany.
Marketing Communications, MasterControl Inc.
June is the month for weddings and trade shows. Though we're not celebrating any nuptials, you'll find MasterControl at MD&M East this week and at DIA the week of June 15.
"MasterControl is regular exhibitor at MD&M East," says Jill Bumgardner, MasterControl's global events manager. "We'll be in Booth 2421---it's a great location and easy to find. As easy as anything is to find in the Javits Center," she adds wryly.
"MD&M East is a good show for us," she continues."We'll be demonstrating the MD™ Software Suite, which includes document control, training management, CAPA process, and audit and risk management. We've had a number of companies pre-register for demos, so we're expecting a good crowd."
Labels: Blood & Biologics, Clinical, GCP, GLP, GMP, Medical Device, QMS software, Quality, Regulation, Software
Jun 10, 2014
7 Steps to CAPA Success
|Does your company adequately document the
actions it takes to ensure quality success?
By David R. Butcher, Marketing Communications, MasterControl
A formal Corrective Action/Preventive Action (CAPA) can be a powerful tool for meeting current regulatory requirements. Done right, the systematic investigation of the root causes of identified problems or identified risks will prevent their occurrence or recurrence. For many companies, however, a crucial obstacle to CAPA success persists: adequate documentation of actions taken to achieve quality success.
Labels: Blood & Biologics, CAPA, Medical Device, Pharma, Quality
Posted by David Butcher
Jun 5, 2014
Five Trends Transforming the Medical Device Industry in 2014
By Lisa Weeks, Marketing Communications, MasterControl Inc.Because the term "medical device" covers a vast range of equipment, from simple tongue depressors to the most sophisticated life-supporting products, the medical device industry is constantly evolving. Trends such as an aging world population, emerging markets, increased regulation, health care provider consolidation, and consumerization are radically transforming the industry as we know it. In this post, we'll discuss the top five trends shaping this extraordinarily diverse industry and how device manufacturers can navigate these trends.
Jun 3, 2014
Hesitant to Upgrade? Don't Be!
by Lisa Weeks, Marketing Communications, MasterControl Inc.
I'm going to date myself with this post, but so be it. At my house, Friday night is movie night, and every week it's a struggle to find a film that everyone can enjoy; tweens are especially hard to please. This weekend I came across a film I hadn't seen in years: the '80s slapstick comedy, "The Money Pit." For those of you who haven't seen the film, it's about a young professional couple, Walter and Anna, who think they're getting the deal of lifetime on a spacious suburban mansion. Unfortunately, their dream home turns out to be a total nightmare. As soon as they move in, the house starts failing apart: the front door collapses, the curved staircase caves in, black sludge spews from the faucets the wiring goes kaput…in short, hilarity ensues. What does this have to do with a software upgrade, you ask? We're getting there…
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SANTIAGO, Aug 13 (Reuters) - Chile's massive HidroAysen hydropower project on Wednesday appealed a special ministerial committee's decision to cancel its permit, signaling that the controversial 2,750-megawatt dam complex was ready to put up a fight.
The $8 billion-plus project, a joint venture between Endesa Chile and Colbun, had its permit canceled in June by the ministerial committee after strong opposition from environmentalists who feared it would wreck pristine valleys in Chile's wild south.
"The Ministerial Committee has acted illegally, outside of its jurisdiction, and as such the cancellation (of the permit) should be reversed," the appeal said. (Reporting by Fabian Cambero; Writing by Anthony Esposito)


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"Pursuing Peace with Justice: Lessons from Uganda"
"If you want peace, work for justice." These words of wisdom of Pope Paul VI are sewn into two
imposing, multicolor, quilted banners, which dominate the main hall of the Notre Dame law
library, just outside my office.
In the long run peace does require justice. History teaches that accumulated injustices eventually
lead to violence.
In the short run, however, the relationship between peace and justice is trickier. When the treaty
to establish the International Criminal Court was being negotiated, one objection to granting the
ICC prosecutor independent power to initiate investigations was that he might indict leaders of
warring parties during peace negotiations. Pursuit of justice might then sabotage peace, because
the leaders would refuse to lay down their arms, if by doing so they risked imprisonment.
The solution adopted by the drafters of the ICC treaty was to allow the United Nations Security
Council, charged with maintaining international peace, to adopt a resolution suspending a
particular ICC investigation for a one year period, in order to allow peace negotiations to proceed.
The Council could annually extend the suspension, if necessary to safeguard the peace.
This was a prudent if imperfect solution. For the Security Council to defer a prosecution, not
only a majority of its 15 members, but all five veto powers must agree. If any one of those five
powers — the US, Russia, China, Britain or France – thinks that the risk to peace is insufficient to
defer the prosecution, it can veto the resolution, and the prosecutor may then proceed.
On the other hand, if all five powers, with their disparate geopolitical interests, agree that peace
should take precedence over justice for at least one year, odds are that there is a pretty good case
to defer prosecution.
To date there has been no need to ask the Security Council to defer a prosecution. But the time
may not be far off. A potential conflict between peace and justice has arisen in Uganda.
One year ago ICC prosecutor Luis Moreno Ocampo made public formal charges of war crimes
and crimes against humanity against Joseph Kony and other leaders of the Lord's Resistance
Army, a Ugandan guerrilla movement that specializes in recruiting young boys to be soldiers and
young girls to be sex slaves. Kony's thugs also delight in cutting off the lips and noses of
innocent civilians.
Meanwhile, since June, the government of Ugandan President Yoweri Musaveni has been
engaged in the most promising peace negotiations in years with the guerrilla leaders. Prominent
religious leaders, and activists with humanitarian aid groups, have called on Ocampo to drop his
prosecutions, lest they torpedo the prospects for peace.
Guerrilla negotiators encourage such calls by demanding an amnesty before they will sign a peace
agreement. President Musaveni answers that they must sign a peace agreement first, and then he
will give them amnesty.
But a national amnesty granted by Uganda would not shield the guerrillas from international
prosecution. So the Security Council may be asked to defer the ICC prosecution in the interests
of peace.
Three important lessons emerge from this experience. First, ICC indictments do not necessarily
sabotage peace negotiations. On the contrary, the guerrillas in Uganda did not pursue serious
peace negotiations until after they were indicted. One might even suspect that they now sue for
peace, partly to avoid being prosecuted.
Second, any deferral of prosecution should be a last resort. Even though the Ugandan guerrillas
recently gathered in neutral locations in Sudan, as called for by the peace plan, renewed fighting
in Uganda broke out this week. Not until a peace agreement has actually been signed and
concrete steps are taken to begin to carry it out, should the Security Council consider any deferral
of prosecution.
If the Security Council then acts, the one-year limit on deferrals could help to insure peace,
because any breach by the rebels would be grounds not to renew the deferral of their prosecution.
Third, timing is key to resolving any short-term trade-off between peace and justice — and not
only for the guerrillas. Last December the International Court of Justice in The Hague ruled in
favor of a suit by the Democratic Republic of Congo against Uganda for gross violations of
human rights, committed in Congo by Ugandan troops and Ugandan-sponsored guerrilla groups.
That ruling came in what amounts to a civil lawsuit for damages and other reparations. Still, it
raises the possibility that Ugandan President Musaveni, who presided over Uganda's incursions
into Congo, may be responsible for war crimes and crimes against humanity. If so, he, too, could
be indicted by the ICC.
But not now. Let the peace negotiations in Uganda go forward. If they succeed, or if they fail,
there will be time enough to consider indicting Musaveni later.
Except for the guilty parties, no one should be content to see justice delayed, let alone denied,
even in the interests of peace. Eventually, however, it may be possible to achieve both peace and
justice, for example, once President Musaveni is no longer in office.
In the meantime, if all this seems unacceptably messy, there is one final lesson for would-be ICC
prosecutors: purists need not apply.
Doug Cassel's commentaries are broadcast Wednesdays during the noon hour of the Worldview
program on Chicago Public Radio, 91.5 FM. Views expressed are personal views of the author and
not necessarily those of Notre Dame Law School, the Center for Civil and Human Rights or Chicago
Public Radio.


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Genesee County got its New Year's baby after all – he was just a day late.
Little Craig Michael Meyer, Jr. was born Monday, January 2nd, at United Memorial Medical Center. His parents are Jennifer and Craig Meyer of Oakfield.
Craig Michael Meyer, Jr. was born at 20 ½ inches, weighing 7 lbs., 7 ounces.
(Picture courtesy United Memorial Medical Center)


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Rex Allen Mears, 52 years of age, and a resident of Amherst, passed away Tuesday, October 30, 2012, at New Life Hospice Residential Center in Lorain, following a year long illness. He was born September 24, 1960 in Lorain.
Rex was raised in Lorain, graduating from Admiral King High School in the class of 1979. He lived most of his life in Lorain before moving to Amherst, where he had resided for the last 13 years. Rex was employed at Ford Motor Company in Lorain and Avon for 17 years, before retiring in 2012. He was a member of the Vermilion Masonic Ely Lodge #424. Rex loved collecting watches and clocks and was a member of the NAWCC.
Survivors include his wife of 13½years, Kimberly S. Mears (nee Daniels); his stepson, Andy Wagner; stepdaughter, Heather Wagner, both of Fremont; six grandchildren; as well as many nieces and nephews.
He was preceded in death by his parents, EJ and Ella Mears (nee Eggert); and his brother, Harce Layne.
Friends may call Thursday November 8, 2012, from 2 until 4 P.M. A Masonic Service will be held Thursday at 6 P.M., in the Hempel Funeral Home, 373 Cleveland Ave., Amherst, with additional viewing from 6:15 P.M., until the time of the Memorial Service at 8 P.M., in the funeral home.
The family suggests that memorial contributions be made to Alzheimer's Association, Cleveland Area Chapter, P.O. Box 74924, Cleveland, OH 44194-4924.
Hempel Funeral Home of Amherst, is honored to serve the family of Rex Mears.
Additional information and online register book are available at www.hempelfuneralhome.com


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Elevated levels of serum uric acid (UA) are commonly associated with primary pulmonary hypertension but have generally not been thought to have any causal role. Recent experimental studies, however, have suggested that UA may affect various vasoactive mediators. We therefore tested the hypothesis that UA might alter nitric oxide (NO) levels in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAEC). In isolated porcine pulmonary artery segments (PAS), UA (7.5 mg/dl) inhibits acetylcholine-induced vasodilation. The incubation of PAEC with UA caused a dose-dependent decrease in NO and cGMP production stimulated by bradykinin or Ca2+-ionophore A23187. We explored cellular mechanisms by which UA might cause reduced NO production focusing on the effects of UA on the l-arginine-endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and l-arginine-arginase pathways. Incubation of PAEC with different concentrations of UA (2.5–15 mg/dl) for 24 h did not affect l-[3H]arginine uptake or activity/expression of eNOS. However, PAEC incubated with UA (7.5 mg/dl; 24 h) released more urea in culture media than control PAEC, suggesting that arginase activation might be involved in the UA effect. Kinetic analysis of arginase activity in PAEC lysates and rat liver and kidney homogenates demonstrated that UA activated arginase by increasing its affinity for l-arginine. An inhibitor of arginase (S)-(2-boronoethyl)-l-cysteine prevented UA-induced reduction of A23187-stimulated cGMP production by PAEC and abolished UA-induced inhibition of acetylcholine-stimulated vasodilation in PAS. We conclude that UA-induced arginase activation is a potential mechanism for reduction of NO production in PAEC.
- nitric oxide
- endothelial dysfunction
- pulmonary hypertension
uric acid (UA) is the final enzymatic end product of purine degradation in the human body. In most animals, UA is degraded by the hepatic enzyme urate oxidase (uricase) to generate allantoin, which is freely excreted in the urine. In humans, the uricase gene was mutated during primate development (34) with the consequence that humans have much higher serum concentrations of UA (3.4 mg/dl or higher) than other mammals (<2 mg/dl).
Up to 79% of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension have hyperuricemia (UA concentrations in the blood more than 5.5 mg/dl) (2, 6, 10). Although some investigators consider UA in the blood as a bystander in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (9) or even as a beneficial component (29), clinical studies have demonstrated that the serum concentration of UA defines the severity of pulmonary hypertension and may predict mortality of patients with this disease (3, 23, 31). The mechanisms responsible for the UA contribution to the severity of pulmonary hypertension are unknown.
Experimental studies have suggested that UA may affect various vasoactive mediators. Recently, we have shown that UA affects acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasodilation in rat aortic segments in a concentration-dependent manner (24) and inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production in cultured aortic endothelial cells (14). We hypothesize that UA may impair NO production in pulmonary endothelial cells and in this way contributes to the severity of pulmonary hypertension. The goal of this study was to test whether UA alters NO production by pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAEC) and to clarify possible mechanisms of the UA action.
Endothelial cells generate NO from the amino acid l-arginine via the catalytic action of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) (1). l-Arginine is the only substrate for NO synthesis by eNOS. On the other hand, l-arginine is metabolized by several pathways including intracellular arginase, the final enzyme in the l-arginine-urea cycle (35). By competing for a common substrate, arginase may affect NO production by endothelial cells (4, 7). In this paper, we studied effects of UA on vasodilation of isolated porcine pulmonary artery segments (PAS), on NO production, on the l-arginine-eNOS pathway, and on arginase activity in cultured PAEC.
Cell culture.
PAEC were isolated from the main pulmonary artery of 6- to 7-mo-old pigs by collagenase treatment and were cultured as previously reported (5). Cells were used at passages 3–5.
Detection of NO production by PAEC using the fluorescent indicator DAF-FM diacetate.
Control PAEC and PAEC treated with UA (0, 5.0, or 7.5 mg/dl, 24 h) were first washed with HBSS and then incubated with 5 μM 4-amino-5-methylamino-2′,7′-difluorofluorescein (DAF-FM) diacetate dissolved in HBSS for 30 min at 37°C in darkness. After incubation PAEC were washed to remove excess fluorescent probe. Fresh HBSS containing 0.1 mM l-arginine without or with UA (5.0 or 7.5 mg/dl) was added to PAEC, and cells were incubated for an additional 20 min to allow complete deesterification of the intracellular diacetate. After this procedure, direct visualization of NO production by PAEC was assessed using a laser-scanning confocal microscope with excitation and emission maxima at 495 and 515 nm, respectively. Within the cytoplasm of several (5–6) cells in the field, regions of interest (ROI) were randomly chosen and the intensities of fluorescence in the ROI were quantified every 60 s using LSM 510 software for the Carl Zeiss Laser Scanning Microscope. On the fifth minute from the beginning of fluorescence measurements, bradykinin (BK, the final concentration of 2 μM) was added to cells to stimulate NO production. The average DAF-FM fluorescence in ROI at the beginning of measurements was taken as Fo, and all following points were expressed as a ratio of the average DAF-FM fluorescence at the particular time point (F) to Fo.
cGMP measurements.
Measurements of cGMP levels in PAEC were performed by the acetylation enzyme immunoassay (EIA) protocol on 100 μl of ethanol cellular extracts using cGMP EIA Biotrak system (Amersham Bioscinces). Details of preparing ethanol extracts from PAEC for cGMP measurements have been reported by us (15).
Measurement of l-arginine uptake by PAEC.
l-Arginine uptake was measured using l-[3H]arginine (a mixture of 50 μM unlabeled l-arginine plus l-[3H]arginine, 10 μCi/ml) according to the method reported by us (36). Briefly, PAEC grown in 24-well plates were washed with 0.5 ml of a buffer of the following composition (in mM): 140 LiCl, 5 KCl, 2 Na2HPO4, 1.2 MgSO4, 2.5 CaCl2, 11 glucose, and 10 HEPES-Tris (pH 7.4, 37°C, LiCl-Dulbecco solution) and then incubated with l-[3H]arginine in LiCl-Dulbecco solution containing different concentrations of UA for 1 min. The incubation was stopped by washing cells four times with 2 ml of ice-cold LiCl-Dulbecco solution. After solubilization of the cells, radioactivity was quantitated by liquid scintillation spectrometry.
Determination of eNOS activity in the total membrane fraction from PAEC.
Control PAEC and PAEC treated with UA were scraped and homogenized in buffer A (50 mM Tris·HCl, pH 7.4, containing 0.1 mM EDTA and EGTA, 1 mM PMSF, and 1 μg/ml leupeptin). The homogenates were centrifuged at 100,000 g for 60 min at 4°C, and the total membrane fraction pellet was resuspended in buffer B (buffer A + 2.5 mM CaCl2). eNOS activity in the total membrane fraction was determined by monitoring the formation of l-[3H]citrulline from l-[3H]arginine in buffer A with the addition of UA, 1 mM NADPH, 100 nM calmodulin, 10 μM BH4, and 5 μM l-arginine containing purified l-[3H]arginine for 30 min at 37°C. The measurement of l-[3H]citrulline formation was performed as previously described (27).
Western blot analysis of eNOS and arginase expressions in cell lysates.
PAEC were washed twice with ice-cold PBS without calcium or magnesium and scraped in lysis buffer (10 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 1% Nonidet P-40, 0.4% deoxycholate, and 60 mM octylglucoside) containing protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktails (Calbiochem). The protocols for Western blot analysis and for quantification of the density of the bands have been reported by us (15). For the analysis, anti-eNOS (BD Transduction Laboratories) and anti-arginase I or II (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) antibodies were used.
Arginase assays.
Arginase activity in intact PAEC was determined by measuring urea contents in the culture media using α-isonitrosopropriophenone (9% in absolute ethanol) as previously described (8). Cells grown in 100-mm dishes were incubated in 7 ml of serum-free RPMI with or without UA, and three aliquots of culture media (each 350 μl) were taken for measuring urea content. The amount of urea produced was used as an index of arginase activity. For testing the direct effects of UA on arginase, cell lysates were used. To prepare PAEC lysates for arginase assay, PAEC were grown to confluence in 100-mm dishes, rinsed twice with ice-cold HBSS, and then scraped into 0.5 ml of lysis buffer containing 50 mM Tris·HCl (pH 7.5), 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM EGTA, and protease inhibitors [inhibitor cocktail Set III (Calbiochem)]. PAEC were lysed by sonication for 30 s. Cell lysates were incubated with l-arginine (0.5 M; pH 9.7) with or without UA (7.5 mg/dl) at 37°C for 60 min. The hydrolysis reaction of l-arginine by arginase was stopped by adding 750 μl of an acid solution mixture (H2SO4-H3PO4-H2O, 1:3:7), and urea produced was determined using α-isonitrosopropriophenone.
Method of measurement of arginase gene expression by RT-PCR.
Total RNA was isolated with TRIzol reagent (Life Technologies, Rockville, MD), cleaned with RNeasy Minelute Cleanup Kit (Qiagen), and treated with DNAse I (Ambion). Purified RNA (2 μg) was converted to cDNA with SuperScript III reverse Transcriptase (Invitrogen) with Oligo d(T)20 primers in a total volume of 20 μl. Real-time PCR was conducted using Applied Biosystems Power SYBR Green PCR master mix on an ABI Prism 7500 sequence detection system. PCR primers for porcine arginase I (accession number: AY039112), arginase II (accession number: NM009705), and β-actin (accession number: U07786) were as follows: arginase I forward 5′-TGAAAGATTACGGGGACCTG-3′, reverse; 5′-CTTTTCCCACAGACCTTGGA-3′ (product size 87 bp) arginase II forward 5′-CACCCCTCACCACTTCATCT-3′ (product size 97 bp), reverse 5′-GAAAATCCTGGGAGTTGTGG-3′; β-actin forward 5′-GGACCTGACCGACTACCTCA-3′, reverse 5′-GCGACGTAGCAGAGCTTCTC-3′ (product size 111 bp). All samples were run in triplicate. Melting curve analysis for arginase I, arginase II, and β-actin amplification products indicated one specific product for each and no primer-dimer formation. For negative controls, the same RNA preparations were used with the omission of the reverse-transcriptase step to confirm the absence of DNA contamination. Relative gene expression of arginase I and arginase II was estimated by ABI Prism 7500 software with β-actin mRNA used as an internal reference.
Vasorelaxation of porcine PAS.
Porcine PAS (2.5–3 mm diameter × 3–4 mm length) were isolated from the lungs of 6- to 7-mo-old pigs. Vasorelaxation of PAS was evaluated as previously described (11, 24). Briefly, PAS suspended in individual organ chambers (Radnoti Four-Unit Tissue Bath System) with 5 ml Earl's solution oxygenated with 95% O2-5% CO2 at 37°C. After 1-h equilibration at a resting force of 1.5 g, the vascular integrity of the PAS was assessed by monitoring 0.5 μM U-46619 (a thromboxane A2 mimetic)-mediated PAS contraction and ACh (5 μM)-mediated vasodilation, respectively. Once vascular integrity was confirmed, PAS were washed several times and then incubated with UA (7.5 mg/dl) or (S)-(2-boronoethyl)-l-cystein (BEC, an arginase inhibitor; 100 μM) or UA and BEC together in an organ bath chamber for 60 min. Stable contraction was induced by 0.5 μM U-46619 for 10 min before ACh-induced vasorelaxation was tested. The vascular tensions were continuously monitored with an isometric force transducer (Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA).
Data are presented as means ± SE. Statistically significant differences in mean values were tested by ANOVA. If ANOVA indicated significant differences, the data were further analyzed with a post hoc Tukey-HSD test. Differences were considered statistically significant if P < 0.05.
UA decreases NO production and inhibits accumulation of intracellular cGMP in PAEC.
We tested the effects of UA on production of NO by cultured PAEC using the fluorescent probe DAF-FM (12). DAF-FM can detect real-time changes in intracellular NO following stimulation of NO production in endothelial cells with agents such as ACh, bradykinin, or calcium ionophores. Figure 1A demonstrates that UA causes a dose-dependent decrease in the NO production in cultured PAEC stimulated by 2 μM BK.
To confirm the observation that UA inhibits stimulated synthesis of NO in PAEC, we measured intracellular concentrations of the NO second messenger cGMP (22) in cells treated with UA. Figure 1B demonstrates that UA significantly decreases accumulation of cGMP in PAEC stimulated by the calcium-ionophore A23187 (10 μM). Accumulation of cGMP was completely blocked in stimulated and nonstimulated PAEC after preliminary incubation of cells for 1 h with l-NAME (200 μM), suggesting that cGMP accumulation is NO dependent. Taken together with the DAF-FM data, these observations indicate that UA decreases NO production by PAEC.
Uric acid does not affect l-arginine transport and eNOS activity in PAEC.
To investigate the mechanisms of reduced NO production in PAEC treated with UA, we tested the effects of UA on l-arginine transport and on eNOS activity and expression in PAEC. Cultured PAEC were incubated for 1 or 24 h with different concentrations of UA. After incubation, transport of l-[3H]arginine was assayed. We found (Fig. 2) that neither short-term (1 h) treatment nor 24-h treatment of cultured PAEC with different concentrations of UA changed l-arginine uptake by PAEC.
Similarly, we did not observe changes in eNOS activity in the total membrane fraction isolated from PAEC treated with different concentrations of UA for 24 h (Fig. 3A) nor changes in eNOS expression in PAEC lysates (Fig. 3, B and C). We also tested the effects of UA on stimulated phosphorylation of eNOS. Ionophore A23187 (10 μM) induced phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1177 (Fig. 3D), and this response to A23187 was not changed in PAEC treated with UA (7.5 mg/dl) for 24 h (Fig. 3D). These data demonstrate that UA does not directly affect eNOS activity and expression under stimulated and nonstimulated conditions.
UA increases arginase activity in endothelial cells.
To test the concept that UA affects arginase activity, which in turn might diminish l-arginine availability for NO production, we studied changes in urea production by cultured PAEC incubated with UA. For this, we measured urea content in culture media, and the amount of urea produced was used as an index of arginase activity. We found that PAEC treated with UA (5.0 or 7.5 mg/dl) produced significantly more urea than control cells in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 4A). To determine whether the major source of urea in culture media was from the l-arginine-arginase enzymatic reaction, we measured urea production by PAEC grown in the presence of different amino acids in the culture media (Fig. 4B). In the presence of 10 mM l-lysine, which decreases cationic amino acid transporter-mediated l-arginine delivery in PAEC and substitutes for l-arginine inside the cells, urea production by PAEC was significantly reduced, whereas in the presence of 10 mM l-arginine (instead of normal 1 mM in the RPMI 1640 media) urea production was significantly increased. Amino acids that do not interfere with l-arginine uptake via cationic amino acid transporters such as 10 mM leucine or 10 mM alanine did not change urea production by PAEC. These data indicate that PAEC produce urea mainly through the l-arginine-arginase enzymatic reaction.
Possible mechanisms of UA-induced arginase activation were evaluated in experiments using a concentration of 7.5 mg/dl of UA. Recent studies have shown that two isoforms of arginase exist, arginase I and II, which differ in tissue and intracellular localization (21). According to studies from our laboratory and others (19, 30), arginase II is the major isoform of arginase expressed in endothelial cells. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that UA did not alter gene expression of anginase II in PAEC (Fig. 5A). Incubation of PAEC with UA (7.5 mg/dl) for 24 h also did not change arginase II protein expression in PAEC (Fig. 5B), suggesting that UA (or its metabolites) are able to stimulate arginase II activity directly without changing enzyme expression. To test the possibility that UA stimulates arginase II activity directly, we determined arginase activity in PAEC homogenates in the presence and absence of UA in the reaction mixture. We found that in the presence of UA (5.0 and 7.5 mg/dl), arginase activity in cell homogenates was significantly higher compared with the reaction mixture without UA (Fig. 5C). Next, we determined how UA affected the Michaelis-Menten kinetics of arginase activity in these cell homogenates. For this, we measured urea production by cell homogenates at different concentrations of l-arginine (0.28–35.7 mM) in the absence or the presence of UA (7.5 mg/dl) in the incubation mixture. Analysis of data using a Lineweaver-Burk plot (Fig. 5D) demonstrates that UA increases the affinity of arginase for l-arginine in homogenates of PAEC (Km = 1.1 ± 0.1 mM in control vs. 0.6 ± 0.1 mM in the presence of UA; P < 0.01) without affecting significantly maximal velocity (Vmax, 543 ± 100 vs. 452 ± 130 nmol·mg−1·h−1 in the presence of UA; P > 0.05). To test whether the effects of UA are specific for endothelial arginase II, we determined arginase activity in rat kidney and liver tissue lysates (the kidney expresses the arginase II isoform; the liver expresses the arginase I isoform) in the absence and the presence UA (7.5 mg/dl). We found that UA activated arginase activity in kidney and liver lysates (Fig. 6). Similar to the effects of UA on endothelial arginase II, UA-induced activation of arginase I in the rat liver homogenates and arginase II in the rat kidney homogenates were mediated through increased arginase affinity for l-arginine (Fig. 6, C and D).
Arginase inhibitor prevents the inhibitory effect of UA on stimulated production of cGMP and abolishes UA-induced inhibition of ACh-stimulated vasodilation of PAS.
The arginase inhibitor BEC (100 μM) blocked the UA-induced increase in urea production by PAEC (Fig. 7A). At the same time, BEC prevented the inhibitory effects of UA on cGMP production in PAEC stimulated by A23187 (Fig. 7B). To test whether arginase inhibition alters the physiological effects of UA, we studied vasorelaxation of porcine PAS treated with concentrations of UA corresponding to plasma concentrations observed in hyperuricemic patients. These experiments demonstrated that UA (7.5 mg/dl) inhibited ACh-induced vasorelaxation of porcine PAS (Fig. 7C). The arginase inhibitor BEC (100 μM) abolished the inhibitory effects of UA on ACh-induced vasorelaxation of PAS (Fig. 7C).
The present experiments revealed that UA attenuated production of NO stimulated by BK or A23187 and production of its second messenger cGMP by cultured porcine PAEC. Similar effects of UA were reported in bovine aortic endothelial cells (14) and in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (13) supporting the notion that UA has a widespread effect of inhibiting vascular endothelial NO production.
Endothelial cells generate NO from l-arginine via a constitutive eNOS (26), and it follows that the UA-induced reduction of NO production in PAEC is due to some impairment in the l-arginine-eNOS pathway. Our experiments with detection of l-arginine transport in UA-treated PAEC indicate that if changes in l-arginine availability are involved in the UA-induced reduction of NO production, they are not mediated through alterations in l-arginine uptake. We also did not observe changes in eNOS activity in the total membrane fraction isolated from PAEC treated with different concentrations of UA or changes in the total eNOS expression in PAEC lysates or changes in A23187-stimulated eNOS phosphorylation, demonstrating that UA does not directly affect eNOS activity and expression under stimulated and nonstimulated conditions. NO production by eNOS depends not only upon intracellular l-arginine availability but the availability of cofactors, in particular, tetrahydrobiopterin (20). It was shown that UA scavenging of peroxynitrite partly protected eNOS from enzymatic uncoupling (16), suggesting that UA should be beneficial for NO production by preventing oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin. The absence of activating effects of UA on the l-[3H]arginine to l-[3H]citrulline conversion by PAEC eNOS in the membrane fraction in our experiments can be explained by the fact that eNOS activity was performed in the absence of exogenous oxidants (such as peroxynitrites) and because tetrahydrobiopterin was included in the reaction mixture.
Before the discovery of l-arginine as the substrate for NO synthesis, it was known that l-arginine is metabolized by arginase in the l-arginine-urea cycle (21). Two isoforms of arginase exist, arginase I and II, which differ in tissue and intracellular localization. The dominant isoform of arginase in endothelial cells is arginase II (19, 30). Competing with eNOS for a common substrate, arginases have a potential to modulate NO production in endothelial cells, probably by changing the availability of intracellular l-arginine for eNOS (4, 7, 28).
Our experiments demonstrated that UA is able to modulate arginase activity in PAEC. Treatment of PAEC with UA did not affect arginase mRNA or protein expression, indicating that UA modifies the activity of existing arginase. What is more, the addition of UA to PAEC lysates stimulated urea production from l-arginine supporting the notion that UA stimulates arginase directly or through interaction with components present in cell lysates. The kinetic analysis of arginase activation by UA demonstrated that UA affects the affinity of arginase for l-arginine, suggesting that UA may modify the structure of the l-arginine binding site. This effect of UA was not specific for endothelial arginase. A similar increase in the affinity for l-arginine was observed in homogenates of rat liver (expressing arginase I) and kidney (expressing arginase II) after the addition of UA, indicating that there is no specificity in the UA action regarding different isoforms of arginase.
The mechanism(s) of arginase activation by UA is not clear and an evaluation of the potential mechanisms of UA-induced arginase activation and changes in the affinity of arginase for l-arginine is a goal of our future investigation. Independent of the mechanisms that might be involved, UA-induced arginase activation attenuates stimulated cGMP production by PAEC, and the arginase inhibitor BEC prevented the inhibitory effects of UA on cGMP production in PAEC. These observations confirm the data of others that endothelial arginase contributes to impaired NO signaling (4, 7, 28).
The fact that UA activates arginase may have an important physiological significance. Our experiments in isolated PAS have demonstrated that UA impairs pulmonary artery responses to ACh, and arginase inhibition recovers this impairment. In humans, pulmonary hypertension is commonly associated with hyperuricemia (3, 23, 31). Because of the ability of UA to activate endothelial arginase, increased plasma contents of UA in patients with pulmonary hypertension could potentially contribute to reduced local NO levels in the pulmonary vasculature that may have a role in the hemodynamic changes. In addition, it has been shown that arginase may regulate cell proliferation through participation in polyamine synthesis. The coproduct of arginase activity is l-ornithine, a substrate for ornithine decarboxylase, the initial enzyme in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. Arginase activity might be a limiting factor for polyamine synthesis and cell proliferation in endothelial cells (17, 18) as well as in vascular smooth muscle cells (25, 21). Because of its ability to activate arginase, UA might induce accelerated proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Together with impaired NO production by lung endothelial cells, this acceleration might have a significant impact on obliteration of pulmonary blood vessels. This might explain why pulmonary hypertensive patients with hyperuricemia live dramatically shorter than patients without hyperuricemia (23, 33).
In conclusion, UA inhibits vasodilation in the lung by reducing NO production by endothelial cells. The decrease in NO production in lung endothelial cells by UA is mediated via the l-arginine-arginase enzymatic reaction. Inhibition of arginase attenuates the inhibitory effects of UA on NO production by lung endothelial cells. These studies support a role for UA in the altered NO metabolism that has been observed in pulmonary hypertension.
This work was supported in part by the American Lung Association of Florida and Florida Department of Health (to S. Zharikov); by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Grants HL-52136 (MERIT to E. R. Block), HL-68607 (to R. J. Johnson), HL-68666, and HL-67886 (to J. M. Patel); by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Grant DK-56843 (to C. Baylis); by the Medical Research Service of the Department of Veteran Affairs (to J. M. Patel and E. R. Block); and by generous funds from Gatorade.
R. J. Johnson is listed as an inventor on pending patent applications on lowering uric acid in cardiorenal disease that have been filed by the University of Washington, University of Florida and Cell Systems. R. J. Johnson also is on the Scientific Board for Nephromics, which evaluates diagnostics for preeclampsia. Other authors do not have conflicts of interests.
We thank Humberto Herrera and Judith Phillips for excellent technical assistance.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
- Copyright © 2008 the American Physiological Society


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Frye Talbot(1930 - 2013)
Talbot, Frye (1930-2013)
Frye Talbot ,age 82, of Plymouth, WI, passed away early Friday morning (March 22) at the Sharon S. Richardson Hospice in Sheboygan Falls where he had been a resident for the past four weeks.
Frye was born on December 28, 1930 to Frye and Jennie VanDerHoef-Talbot. He was born and raised in Bath, NY.
He served in the U.S. Army from 1950-1953. Following his discharge he met and married Johanna Reganess on November 23, 1953.
Frye worked as a dairy farmer from 1965-1994.
He was preceded in death by his wife and two sons.
Frye is survived by his children: David (Renata), Leona (Ken), Tom (Margaret), Linda, Leah (Dan), Laura (Dirk), Sharon, Jim and Wendy (Ben); 17 grandchildren and 10 great-grandchildren.
A private funeral service will be held at Suchon Funeral Home in Plymouth. Rev. Paul Thyren, pastor of Grace Bible Church in Adell will officiate. Burial will be in the Union Cemetery in the Town of Sherman.
The Suchon Funeral Home and Cremation Services in serving the family. For online condolences, please visit
Funeral Home
Suchon Funeral Home and Cremation Services - Plymouth
1317 State Road 67 P O Box 535
Plymouth, WI 53073
(920) 893-9797
Published in Sheboygan Press on Mar. 24, 2013


text:
Reagan and Chris read to Amy from a children's book that Ava's father wrote. Ava is excited for her dad's upcoming visit; he's the "grooviest Jew since Neil Diamond first donned a rhinestone cape." She is planning out a whole daddy-daughter time weekend to spend with him. Ava then looks at her phone and discovers the lawyer who was going to be the guest on her show the next day suddenly cancelled; they need to find a quick replacement. Chris nonchalantly tries to volunteer over Reagan's objections, but Ava overrules her and decides to give Chris the chance. "The camera loves him and so will America."
Ava tries to park in her show parking spot but finds Sharon Osbourne there instead. Sharon and Ava exchange backhanded compliments to each other until Ava sees her father's Winnebago parked in Sharon's spot. Ava quickly rushes into The Ava Show offices and finds Marty, her father, enthralling the office with stories. Ava shows off Marty to the staff as they tell him how much his books meant to them when they were kids. Ava tells her father that she's planned out a whole special weekend, but then he unknowingly ruins her plans when he tells Ava his new wife and two children will also be joining them. Ava hides her disappointment as Marty's wife Linda and the twins suddenly appear next to him.
"Are you nervous?" Reagan asks Chris as he sits in the makeup chair preparing to go on air. Chris calmly smiles; he's all set. But when he's live on the show, it's a complete disaster. Chris jumbles his responses to audience member questions, sweats profusely and talks widely with his arms while unsuccessfully trying to create his own catchphrase. "Chris was a disaster," Ava yells to Reagan as she storms into her office after the show. Reagan completely agrees, but she ends up lying to Chris when he asks them how his appearance went. Ava wants to fire Chris but Reagan adamantly wants to give him another chance. She blackmails Ava into agreeing by reminding her about the first Ava Show and how Ava was so nervous that she blew a cough drop on Cyndi Lauper. "I thought you said we would never speak of that show again," Ava frightfully says as she quickly agrees to give Chris a second chance.
Ava takes her father and his new family for a tour of the TV studio lot when they notice Sharon Osbourne. "We love her!" Marty says to Ava's dismay as they plead with her to introduce them. Ava reluctantly walks up to Sharon and asks her to take a picture with the family. Sharon gleefully laughs at the situation, as Ava now needs a favor from her when this morning they were fighting with each other over a parking space. Ava agrees to give up her parking spot to Sharon's delight as she quickly puts on a happy face and greets Ava's starstruck family with open arms.
Reagan arrives home and tries to give Chris some critical advice about being on camera when he suddenly starts freaking out. "I sucked! Go ahead and say it!" Reagan has to quickly backtrack off the criticism and lie to him, stroking his ego by saying he was great on the show. The next day, Chris is back as a guest on The Ava Show and is surprisingly amazing. He is calm, funny and very insightful in the responses he gives to the audience questions. Reagan and Ava are taken aback by Chris' complete change from the day before; it must've just been nerves. "You, my friend, are in," Ava says as she tells Reagan to hire him on full time as their expert lawyer. "Wow," Reagan smiles through her teeth as she realizes her work and home worlds are colliding and she will now be with Chris 24/7.
"I'm so excited to go out to dinner with you, daddy," Ava says as she wears a special dress for the occasion. Then she suddenly realizes they will not be alone at dinner like she hoped; Marty invited his new wife and the twins to come along. "Daddy, are you avoiding me?" Ava asks as Marty avoids the question. The next day, Ava tells Reagan how disappointed she is with her dad; he never wants to spend quality time alone with her. "You know what we're doing for dinner tonight?! I'm picking up tacos for him and those three freeloaders!"
Reagan walks into her office to find Chris already there looking through her files and getting settled in her space. "It's like our living room here," Chris jokes as Reagan fakes a smile. Soon Chris is getting phone calls in her office, giving her show advice and even checking her grammar on work emails. Reagan drags Ava into the girl's bathroom and vents about how Chris is suffocating her. "He's driving me insane!" Reagan tells Ava as Chris suddenly peaks into the bathroom to tell them a quick joke. Ava tells Reagan she completely understands and will fire Chris for her. "No one should have to fire a lover," Ava tells Reagan. "Think how fraught it was for Governor Schwarzenegger and that handsome maid."
Chris sits with Ava and Reagan and finds out they are letting him go. "What!?" Reagan screams in astonishment as she overacts to the "surprising" news. Ava tells him that their regular legal guest Derek is sick and needs to come back for the medical insurance. Chris is genuinely worried for Derek as Ava lets her lie get out of control and reveals Derek has multiple sclerosis. "That's kinda a lot," Reagan says to Ava trying to reel her back in. "Yeah it is a lot, Reagan. It's MULTIPLE sclerosis. So... it's a lot of sclerosises." Chris completely buys into the lie, to Reagan's relief, and is happy to leave the show for Derek's health.
Later at night, Ava stands in line at a taco stand when Marty walks up behind her. He tells Ava that he knows she's busy at work, so the family decided to leave a day early. He tells Ava that he understands she's been trying to connect but he's been "so jive." "I haven't been the father I should be," Marty apologizes to Ava. He is filled with guilt that he hasn't been there for her and explains his feelings through metaphors of his children's storybooks that he's written. Ava smiles and accepts Marty's apology as they happily wait in line together at the taco stand.
"Are you sure you're not disappointed?" Reagan asks Chris as they lie in bed together. Chris is fine about being let go; he just feels concern for Derek. Reagan can't take the lies anymore and tells Chris the truth; he was fired because she couldn't stand to be with him 24 hours a day. She profusely apologizes but Chris is hurt; not because he was fired, but because he was feeling good about himself for stepping aside for a guy that had an illness. Reagan tries to make him feel better but accidently reveals he was awful during his first appearance on the show. She then pleads with Chris to tell her something hurtfully honest, or she'll feel guilty all night. Chris lovingly tells Reagan she keeps getting more and more beautiful and his love for her is ever growing. "You dick!" Reagan screams, full of guilt and unable to fall asleep.