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Celiac Disease & Gluten Sensitivity – PediaCast 274
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Dr Ivor Hill joins Dr Mike in the PediaCast Studio to discuss the nuts and bolts of celiac disease. We cover the cause, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment… along with the latest research topics. Find out how gluten sensitivity differs from celiac disease… and the benefits of a gluten-free diet!
- Celiac Disease
- Gluten Sensitivity
- Every Gift Matters – Please Support Nationwide Children's This Holiday Season
- Every Gift Matters – 1-855-885-5437
- Celiac Disease Center at Nationwide Children's Hospital
- All About Celiac Disease (NCH Health Library)
- Gluten-Free Gang (Central Ohio Support Group)
- Is a Gluten-Free Diet Healthy For My Child?
- Gluten-Free Summertime Recipes
CONTACT DR MIKE – Ask Questions, Suggest Show Topics
CONNECT NOW with a celiac disease specialist from Nationwide Children's – Referrals and Appointments
Announce 1: This is PediaCast.
Announce 2: Welcome to PediaCast, a pediatric podcast for parents. And now direct from the campus of Nationwide Children's here is your host, Dr. Mike.
Dr. Mike Patrick: Hello everyone and welcome once again to PediaCast, it is pediatric podcast for moms and dads this is Dr. Mike coming to you from the campus of Nationwide Children's Hospital. We're in Columbus, Ohio it is December 11, 2013 this is episode 274, we're calling it Celiac Disease and Gluten Sensitivity. I want to welcome everyone to the show we have another nuts and bolts program lined up for you today, this time on celiac disease and gluten. And in our usual fashion we're going to cover all the details including the cost, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and complications of celiac disease.
We'll also talk long term outlook and the hottest research topics as well, and then what about gluten sensitivity? Is that the same as celiac disease? If not, how's it different? And gluten free diets, they're all the rage these days and essential for those with celiac disease, but what about those who do not carry an official diagnosis of celiac disease? Is going gluten free helpful, or is it harmful? We'll consider that question. And I brought along an expert to help me this week, Dr. Ivor Hill, he is a pediatric gastroenterologist and Director of the Celiac Disease Center here at Nationwide Children's Hospital. We'll get to him in a moment but first it is December, the holidays are fast approaching now and as you know every gift matters. Here at Nationwide Children's Hospital we rely on your gifts and our effort to advance ground breaking pediatric research and to provide the best pediatric care on the face of the planet. Please consider helping us as we help kids from across the United States and around the world.
Many of you gave to Nationwide Children's last year, thank you again for that we really do appreciate your trust and your support. This year as the gift giving season fast approaches I would simply ask that you consider including Nationwide Children's in your tax deductible charitable giving, it's an easy thing to do just head over to the show notes for this episode 274 at pediacast.org and click on the Every Gift Matters link. You can also call us toll free at 1855-885-5437 and I'll include that phone number in the show notes as well. Also PediaCast is on iHeart Radio Talk, simply go to iheart.com or download the iHeart Radio app for mobile devices and search for PediaCast that's our full length programs.
You can also search for PediaBytes these are our single topic short format programs, that's it then listen, it is easy. When you're at those holiday gatherings this year, make sure you tell your friends, neighbors, and co-workers about the show but please also consider sharing the easiest way to access the program, just tell them to open iHeart Radio and search for PediaCast and PediaBytes. Also a reminder, PediaCast is your show we do need questions for 2014 so I pretty much exhausted the listener question bank with our last episode that Listener Question Marathon and we need more questions, so if you have a topic idea, specific question that you have, or a topic you'd like to hear about, or you want to point me in the direction of an news article, or a journal article just head over to pediacast.org and click on the contact link, I'd love to hear from you.
One final reminder, the information presented in PediaCast is for general educational purposes only we do not diagnose medical conditions or formulate treatment plans for specific individuals. If you do have a concern about your child's health make sure you call your doctor and arrange a face to face interview and hands on physical examination. Also your use of this audio program is subject to the PediaCast terms of us agreement which you can find at pediacast.org. We're going to take a quick break we'll get Dr. Hill settled in to the studio so we can talk celiac disease that's coming up right after this.
Dr. Mike Patrick: We are back and Dr. Ivor Hill joins me in the studio today. Dr. Hill is a pediatric gastroenterologist and Director of the Celiac Disease Center at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and a professor of pediatrics at the Ohio State University, College of Medicine. He's one of the leading celiac disease experts in the world, Dr. Hill recently chair the committee of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hematology and Nutrition which developed the first evidence based guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease in children. These guidelines have led to the identification of many more kids with celiac disease which is resulted in many more kids receiving the treatment they need. Dr. Hill has also published more than 80 papers in peer reviewed scientific journals and has authored 37 chapters in medical text books. He adds another impressive credential to his resume today: a guest appearance on PediaCast and it's with a warm welcome that we say hello. Thank you for stopping by the studio today.
Dr. Ivor Hill: Thank you for having me Mike, I enjoy this.
Dr. Mike Patrick: I really appreciate you stopping by. Let's start with this simple definition, what exactly is a celiac disease?
Dr. Ivor Hill: In simple terms we think of celiac disease as one of the auto-immune conditions, and what is really specific about this is it has a characteristic inflammatory process that leads to progressive damage to the lining of the intestine.
Dr. Mike Patrick: And that's in response to gluten?
Dr. Ivor Hill: Absolutely.
Dr. Mike Patrick: What exactly is gluten?
Dr. Ivor Hill: Gluten is a broad term that is used to describe proteins that are found in three main products, wheat, barley, and rye and the collective term for these three products is gluten.
Dr. Mike Patrick: And so exposure to gluten causes an immune response and then you have inflammation and that's going to damage the lining of the intestine that's sort of the process we're talking about. And who is affected exactly? How common is this problem?
Dr. Ivor Hill: It's probably one of the most common chronic conditions we find in the world today, it affects in most people about one in a hundred, so in the general population about 1% of the population has celiac disease, many of whom still remain undiagnosed but there are certain groups we know with they're at increase risks. For example if you have a family member who has celiac disease your chance of having celiac disease increase of a 1% to somewhere between 10% and 20%. There're also some other conditions like type 1 diabetes, people who have autoimmune thyroid disease where their risk is increased about that of the general population.
Dr. Mike Patrick: Do we see differences between ethnic groups or regions of the world? Is it more common in different countries?
Dr. Ivor Hill: We certainly know that the vast majority of Caucasians that's frequencies, it does occur in African-Americans but probably not as commonly.
The big question has always been, does it occur in Asians in East Asia? We used to think that it probably didn't because the genetic potential wasn't there, now there's emerging data suggesting that it does in fact occur in cases such as China and perhaps this is because the gluten products are being introduced there more frequently than they have in the past.
Dr. Mike Patrick: Do we see difference between men and women, any male and female?
Dr. Ivor Hill: That's very interesting, it seems to be a much more common in woman if you look at most studies it's about 2:1 both male to female. What we don't know is whether that's just because many men don't go seek help for their problems and so don't get identified but certainly it's more frequently diagnosed in women than men.
Dr. Mike Patrick: What exactly causes this? If you take the 1% who has celiac disease, what's different about them compared to those who don't have a problem with the gluten?
Dr. Ivor Hill: You have to have the genetic potential so that is a genetic pre-disposition to getting celiac disease, that's the first thing.
The second thing is you have to be exposed to gluten, once those two comes together you have the potential of creating a situation at least to celiac disease. What we don't know is whether there is an additional trigger factor and we're starting to suspect that there may be in some cases that there's something that when you've got the genetic potential and the gluten exposure there's an additional factor which then precipitate the disease, it could be an infection, it could be a major stress event in life like a pregnancy, something that may lower your immunity and the, precipitate the disease at some stage in life.
Dr. Mike Patrick: Take us down to the cellular levels, this inflammatory damage that happens, what does that look like in the intestinal wall, and what are the consequences of that?
Dr. Ivor Hill: What happens is the people who have this genetic pre-disposition, when they ingest gluten some of the proteins are not completely broken down and they cross the lining of the intestine and that sets up a whole inflammatory cascade that leads to serious of reactions which then go back and start damaging the lining of the intestine so that you got get progressive flattening of these 12 finger like villa which are very important for absorbing nutrients and it leads to the flattening and destruction with a lot of inflammatory cells in the intestine.
Dr. Mike Patrick: If normally the lining is like a plush carpet, if we decrease that you're really decreasing the surface area that you have to absorb nutrients?
Dr. Ivor Hill: Absolutely, it decreases dramatically.
Dr. Mike Patrick: Do you see malabsorption as a problem with celiac disease?
Dr. Ivor Hill: You certainly can see a frank malabsorption in some individuals, it's very rare they will have frank malabsorption where they will have a lot of weight loss because they just not absorbing nutrients, but you can also have very minor degrees where people may just not absorb nutrients such as iron or certain vitamins things that gets more subtle type of malabsorption.
Dr. Mike Patrick: What does that look like in terms of signs and symptoms? If a parent out there is worried their child might have a problem with gluten and possibly have celiac disease, what kind of signs and symptoms would they see to make them worry about that?
Dr. Ivor Hill: This is the real fascinating thing to me about celiac disease because although the problem is related to damage of the lining of the intestine, you expect all symptoms be related to the gastro intestinal tract. In fact in children many of them are still so they will have things like abdominal pain, diarrhea, malabsorption type stools, weight loss, bloating, nausea, vomiting, you could even have constipation. But interestingly as you get older you can have a variety of other manifestations that are not related to the gastro-intestinal tract. For example people with unexplained anemia as the only finding, bone disease, you can have arthritis, you can have liver disease, finding that your liver in such elevate of reasons you don't understand. Woman of child baring age can be infertile and legged corrected, they can have low birth weight babies as a problem related to it. There's a variety of skin changes, a variety of different manifestations as you get older.
Dr. Mike Patrick: You talk a little bit about the skin changes, there's a particular rash, dermatitis herpetiformis that can go along with celiac disease. Describe what that is, and do you see it more in children, or adults, or equal in both?
Dr. Ivor Hill: This is what we now regard as a skin manifestation of celiac disease it's so characteristic that if you see it you virtually don't even have to know that they got small intestinal damage, they've got it. It's characterized by this little what we call papules which occur on the extended surfaces or on the knees, the elbows, they then form little blisters, they're intensely itchy and so people scratch them by the time medical profession see them they scabbed over. And in fact if you do biopsy to the skin you can find a very characteristic finding of an appearance which tells you that this is dermatitis herpetiformis and it's related to celiac disease. It's much more common in the elderly and adults but we have seen a few cases in children, I think the youngest case subscribe is about nine years of age.
Dr. Mike Patrick: With all of these different manifestations that you can see of celiac disease, I suspect that others are pretty big differential diagnosis, there are a lot of other conditions that could cause similar things, what are some of those?
Dr. Ivor Hill: You're so right, just taking a gastro intestinal symptom there're a lot of causes of diarrhea, there're a lot of causes of abdominal pain things like irritable bowel syndrome, lactose intolerance all those things can give you very similar manifestations. And the you've a got a whole lot of other things like there's a lot of causes of arthritis, there's a lot of causes of liver disease, there're variety of reasons why you can become anemic, it's an extremely broad differential diagnosis that you have to consider when you're thinking of celiac disease.
Dr. Mike Patrick: I guess if it's not on your radar and you don't think about it, you're not going to test it then it's not going to get diagnosed?
Dr. Ivor Hill: This is one of the reasons that we in America been so far behind the rest of the world in diagnosing our cases. If you go back to the early 90's hardly any people with celiac disease ever diagnosed because nobody thought of the condition. Now that we've got the campaign out the young people are aware of it and doctors are screening for it, we're finding many more cases and we diagnose them sooner.
Dr. Mike Patrick: How do you go about diagnosing celiac disease?
Dr. Ivor Hill: it's really a two-step process, first of all you have to consider the diagnosis and then there's a blood test you can do that will screen to see if you may have celiac disease, if that test is positive the definitive diagnosis at this stage still requires an intestinal endoscopy with intestinal biopsy taking a small piece of the lining of the intestinal tract and examine it under the microscope for this very characteristic changes.
Dr. Mike Patrick: A lot of people, they may have been twain with the idea that they could have celiac disease and so they attempt a gluten free diet at home prior to seeking medical advice or trying to get a diagnosis, have been gluten free and then going in for testing, will that mess up the testing in any way?
Dr. Ivor Hill: This is so important to understand that once you go on a gluten free diet and you have celiac disease the intestinal lining can heal, the blood test can go back to normal and it's then very difficult to make a confirm diagnosis as celiac disease. It's very important to be sure of the diagnosis before you go down the street because you are talking about a lifelong dietary change, it's not something you try for little bit and then you're going to go back to a regular diet. You need to be absolutely sure that you have celiac disease before you start implementing what is really a quite a cumbersome diet and it's not easy to follow, and it has a lot of quality of life implications.
Dr. Mike Patrick: So you would encourage folks just to continue with the regular diet but seek medical attention and try to get the diagnosis?
Dr. Ivor Hill: Absolutely.
Dr. Mike Patrick: Now once you have confirmed that celiac disease is indeed the problem, how do you go about treating it?
Dr. Ivor Hill: At the moment the only treatment we have is a strict adherence to a gluten free diet, in other words taking out all foods that contain anything that comes from wheat, barley, or rye and as I say that sounds very simple but it's actually quite a cumbersome thing because this products are hiding all sort of processed foods and the potential of contamination of other foods with wheat products. It really does require a lot of education, a lot of careful reading of food labels, being very vigilant about not getting any gluten in your diet, and it is a lifelong diet, you can't stop it and go back to your regular diet at any stage.
Dr. Mike Patrick: This sounds like something that you've probably want a dietician to help educate you and figure it out.
Dr. Ivor Hill: I certainly agree, I do not have the expertise to advice people on all the ins and outs, we have a wonderful nutritionist who's really expert at the gluten free diet and she will interview every one of our patients and make sure that they are educated, they followed up, they know what to do, it is a steep learning curve in the beginning.
Dr. Mike Patrick: You talked about cross contamination, is it true that even a tiny amount of gluten can set things off again for someone who has their celiac disease under good control?
Dr. Ivor Hill: There are certain people who seemed to be more sensitive than others that even a smallest amount will give them really severe symptoms immediately. Other people can tolerate small amounts of gluten without feeling any symptoms but the problem is that even though they're not having any symptoms the damage to the lining is coming back if they continue to do that. So we don't know the minimum amount of gluten is and certainly it can be as low as half a slice of bread could do a lot of damage to some people.
Dr. Mike Patrick: And if there's damage occurring but they don't have symptoms that may put reassurance in their mind that this is OK and they keep doing it but then that damage continues to the point where then you do have the symptoms back.
Dr. Ivor Hill: You are so right and this is one of the biggest problems we face with some of our teenagers who go after their friends and knowingly cheat and don't feel any symptoms that they think that they don't have a problem and they feel like to continue to cheat but that damage comes back long before the symptoms return in some cases.
Dr. Mike Patrick: If you have celiac disease and it goes undiagnosed over long period of time what kind of complications can arise from that?
Dr. Ivor Hill: Certainly we know that people who have symptomatic celiac disease and do not get treated are at major risk for long term adverse health consequences. I've mentioned a few infertilities as one problem, a bone disease sort of progressive thinning of the bone, wasting demineralization of the bone so that increase for fractures, there is a relative increase risk for intestinal cancer, certain types of cancer we see in the intestine and there're risk for lot of whole host of nutrition deficiencies, vitamin deficiencies from malabsorption.
Dr. Mike Patrick: When we talk about diseases here on PediaCast we always talk about complication of the disease but then also complications of any treatments so you can look at risk benefit and since with the celiac disease the only treatment is a gluten free diet. Are there any problems with that? Do you worry about nutritional deficiencies based on the gluten free diet?
Dr. Ivor Hill: The gluten free diet, that's a very healthy diet emphasizing natural food s fruits, vegetables, things like that. there are potential deficiencies one is calcium, another is iron, and there are certain vitamins B1 and B2that are not present in gluten free food to the same they are in gluten containing food, such very important to have a nutritionist involved who can monitor you, who can advise you and taking supplements to replace this things in the diet.
Dr. Mike Patrick: What is the long term outlook for those with celiac disease? Does going gluten free always work?
Dr. Ivor Hill: This is the beauty of the condition, if you're going to choose one condition in this life, to have celiac disease is a good one it is tightly curable just by dietary change, it doesn't require any drugs, it doesn't have any side effects in related to drugs. When you go in strict gluten free diet in the vast majority of people symptoms will completely resolve and the intestinal damage will repair
Dr. Mike Patrick: Now you say vast majority of people so there's a tiny sub set where that may not happen?
Dr. Ivor Hill: We see the symptoms or else where there's a small group that have what's called refractory celiac disease we're not sure exactly why those people develop when they don't respond to the gluten free diet, they continue to have major problems and they're required alternative treatment.
Dr. Mike Patrick: Maybe they even have something that's a little bit different that's going on that we don't really understand quite yet.
Dr. Ivor Hill: Correct, I think you're right.
Dr. Mike Patrick: Is there a way to figure out that you have a gluten problem before there's any symptom at all. If you have a strong family history, will there be a way to prevent damage from happening in the first place?
Dr. Ivor Hill: This is the big debate game at the moment as to what we should do with people who are increase risk for celiac disease let's take a family member. You have somebody in your family with celiac disease that means everybody else in the first degree relatives are increase risk.
The question is should we be screening them at intervals to see if they have the elevated anti-bodies and then maybe go ahead and do the biopsy if they do. What we don't know is the natural history of celiac disease, we don't know that you can be a symptomatic and have a little bit of damage and yet it's not going to have any long term consequences. It's possible that you can go your entire life with a little bit of damage because you're one of the milder types of celiac disease. We also worry that maybe if you do have celiac disease in early stage we could prevent some of this other conditions going on. There's a lot of debate going on in medical circles at the moment as to what to do with those that are completely a symptomatic but an increase risk. We have the option to screen people with the blood test so if anybody wants to know if they have a problem because they're at an increased risk, we could do that for them.
Dr. Mike Patrick: But again if you've been going gluten free for a significant amount of time that blood test might not be accurate.
Dr. Ivor Hill: Absolutely, you have to be on a good containing diet to have that test be of any useful to you at all.
Dr. Mike Patrick: What are some of the hot topics right now in a celiac disease research?
Dr. Ivor Hill: I think some of the things that are really exciting, people are looking for alternatives to the gluten free diet is there some way that we could develop a tablet that you could take that would help you completely digest these peptides, these proteins so that they don't cause any damage? There's work going on for that, there's other work going on looking at a vaccine that may be able to immunize you against the infection of gluten and that's very exciting to me this is in Australia and there's some studies going on there as well. Other avenues looking at alternatives is can we come up with medications that will block the inflammatory path ways that lead to the damage? My concern there is that anything we do must be as effective as the gluten free diet, and as safe as a gluten free diet this things will all have potential side effects there's a lot going on in that field there as well. There's also some interesting, are we able to prevent celiac disease by modifying feeding practices in infancy?
There's some evidence suggesting that if you have prolong breast feeding and you introduce small amounts of gluten between four and seven months of age you can prevent the disease but we certainly will delay the answer to the disease on those so there's exciting avenue going on there.
Dr. Mike Patrick: What is the difference between celiac disease and then gluten sensitivity? What I mean by that is gluten free diet is becoming a fad to a degree where people do it and they think they feel better. Did those folks have some degree of celiac disease?
Dr. Ivor Hill: This is a very hard topic at the moment if you look at the dietary habits in the United States at the moment you'll see that there's been a progressive and rapid rise in the number of people who are going gluten free. In fact it's estimated there's going to be a $6.4 billion industry in the next couple of years for gluten free foods. Many of these people are going gluten free for no medical reason at all I think some of it has become the fad diet as you say, there are some people who genuinely feel that they are better when they're on a gluten free diet. These are people who have symptoms that are very similar to celiac disease it could be abdominal discomfort, bloating, fatigue, just not feeling well and they go on a gluten free diet and they feel much better. Now the difference between celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivities, if you study those people that don't have celiac disease you'll not have any of the blood test that are positive if you biopsy and there's absolutely no changes on their biopsies and they have no damage to the lining at all, but when they take gluten out of their diet they feel better. With the debate is going at the moment is we don't know whether it's the protein content of the gluten or whether it's everything else you take out of the diet when you put them in a gluten free diet and that's the carbohydrate fractions that change and things like that. It may be this other components in the gluten free diet that are making them feel better.
Dr. Mike Patrick: Maybe there's benefit to eating lots of fruits and vegetables and minimizing grains.
Dr. Ivor Hill: One thing I do want to emphasize, you cannot make a diagnosis of non-celiac gluten sensitivity until your first excluded celiac disease and possibly a way to allergy as well.
Dr. Mike Patrick: And again in order to do that you have to be on a gluten containing diet before you get the testing done?
Dr. Ivor Hill: Correct, absolutely.
Dr. Mike Patrick: Tell us a little bit about the Celiac Disease Center here at Nationwide Children's Hospital.
Dr. Ivor Hill: I'm very excited about this we've assemble a huge team of people with a lot of expertise in addition to our physicians who have expertise in celiac disease, we've got this wonderful nutritionist who's really expert, we have a pathologist who's outstanding and has got some special techniques for helping us try diagnose difficult cases where it's not obvious in the first biopsies, we have endocrinologists, we have social workers, we have psychologist if we need them.
So we've got this big group of people and our objectives are to provide expert, timely, efficient clinical care but we also have a quality insurance improvement program that's going on, we have large educational program which is aim not only at parents and patients but also to physicians to try and help them identify patients more readily, and then we're going to have a research component that we're just initiating at the moment so it's a comprehensive center that we're going to try and give the best care possible.
Dr. Mike Patrick: I will put a link in the show notes for this episode 274 over at pediacast.org and the link simply says, "Connect now with a celiac disease specialist from Nationwide Children's", and this is just for our referrals and appointments. It really puts people in touch with our welcome center so that they are able to get in touch with you guys and get an appointment. We also have some other links in the show notes for you as well, there's information page from the Nationwide Children's Health Library it's called All About Celiac Disease there's also a central Ohio support group called the Gluten Free Gang I'll put a link to that.
And then the dietician that you talked about she's written some blog post for us and one is a Gluten Free Diet Healthy For My Child and another was Gluten Free Summer Time Recipes and so I will put links in the show notes for those as well so people can find them.
Dr. Ivor Hill: Wonderful, thank you.
Dr. Mike Patrick: We really appreciate you stopping by today and talking to us about gluten and celiac disease.
Dr. Ivor Hill: It's been my pleasure, thank you.
Dr. Mike Patrick: We're going to take a quick break and I'll be back to wrap up the show right after this.
Dr. Mike Patrick: I just want to thank everyone for taking time out of your day to make PediaCast a part of it. Again thanks to Dr. Ivor Hill for educating all of us on celiac disease and gluten sensitivity. I want to remind you the iTunes reviews are helpful as our reviews on iHeart Radio, those are helpful too so if you do check out PediaCast or PediaBytes on iHeart Radio Talk be sure to leave a comment which will help propel us up to directory and in front of the eyes of more moms and dads. Your links and mentions, and shares, and re-tweets, and re-pens and all those things are important on our social media sites. PediaCast is on Facebook, twitter, Google Plus, and Pinterest and be sure to tell your family, friends, neighbors, and co-workers about the show and also your child's doctor so they can share PediaCast with their other patients and we do have posters available under the resources tab at pediacast.org.
Don't forget if you have a question you'd like to ask or idea for a topic on the program, or you want to point me in the direction of a news article or a journal article it's easy to get in touch, just head over to pediacast.org and click on the contact link. That wrap things up for today, until next time this is Dr. Mike saying stay safe, stay healthy, and stay involve with your kids, so long everybody.
Announce 2: This program is a production of Nationwide Children's, thank you for listening. We'll see you next time on PediaCast.


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Heather from What Does She Do All Day put her creativity to work to make a statement art piece for above her mantel. This is such a simple design that I believe anyone could replicate, artist or not. However, it still packs a lot of punch with bold color and texture. Heather walks you through the steps she took to create it and how she pulled it … [Read more...]
Painted Burlap Wall Décor
When Jeanette from Country Design Style gets a home décor catalog in the mail, she's a lady on a mission – scouring the pages for ideas, tearing out pictures, and carefully storing them away in her file box. It was on one such occasion that Jeanette came across metal artwork that reminded her of a lamp from her grandmother's old farm house. Of … [Read more...]
Decorative Spring Baskets
Sherry from Pondered Primed Perfected put a fresh spin on a project she completed last summer upcycling strawberry cartons. This go-round Sherry dressed up the cartons with pastel paint, glitter, and ribbons for a look that's befitting of spring and Easter. Sherry's steps result in a durable, waterproof finish so the containers can be used again … [Read more...]
Painted Berry Container
When Sherry from Pondered Primed Perfected laid eyes on some stoneware berry containers from Anthropologie, she was taken back to childhood days of picking berries with her family. But why spend $14 on a container that is identical to the free cardboard pint berries come in? Sherry held onto her cash, and instead painted and sealed her freebie … [Read more...]

subset: commoncrawl


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Youth sports foster competitive attitude, coach says
Ask a Hastings baseball fan to name the best players in town, and many would be able to rattle off a long list. After all, Hastings is home to a number of top-performing athletes. In a few years, however, the names rolling off fans' tongues will be different. In a few years they'll be talking about a new group of athletes - the ones who, this year, are just getting used to playing on a full-sized field.
Wayne Erickson is the assistant general manager of the Hastings Hawks, and he's also the coach for the 14AA youth baseball team.
"These kids are out there playing their hearts out," Erickson said.
His isn't the only youth team. The 14AA team is part of the Hastings Youth Athletic Association, which has multiple softball, baseball and soccer teams, and there are other youth sport teams not associated with HYAA.
The youth sports program isn't just about training the next generation of local sports heroes. It's also about fostering a competitive attitude that will stick with them their whole lives, Erickson said.
"Sports and kids - it teaches them a value that they can't get anywhere else," Erickson said. "And it carries on."
He's living proof of how much sports can stick with a person. He played baseball from age 10 to age 49, founded two little league programs, coached players from age 10 to adults, and more.
"Sports have been very good to me," he said, smiling.
His experience was good enough that he wanted to share it with the next generations.
Sports, he said, teaches a set of life skills that kids can't get anywhere else.
"Just to see the kids learn ... is really quite astounding," Erickson said.
One thing Erickson is adamant about is keeping negative criticism out of the ballgame.
"Cheering really helps (kids) grow," he said, and there's nothing more harmful than parents or fans that yell at the umpires or anyone else on the field, he added.
They might be playing on a lower level, but youth athletes are just as competitive as their older counterparts.
"They want to win just like anyone else," Erickson said. "In their own minds they're playing like Yankees or Twins."
Their attitude - their enthusiasm for what they're doing - is what will determine which players will excel. Once they have that, they can start working on the skills they need to play the game.
"It starts out at attitude," Erickson said.
About nine of the 12 athletes on Erickson's team will make it to the high school varsity team, Erickson thinks.
"Hastings has some real good talent coming up, and one day they'll be wearing blue and gold," Erickson said.


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This freestanding range combines the convenience of a gas oven with the control and precision of an integrated four-burner gas cooktop. A fresh, clean look reflects the latest design philosophies from Europe, featuring refined control knobs and easy to follow icons on a simple designer control panel.
|23 7/8
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|Overall depth of product (without handle)
|24 3/32"
|Overall height of product
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|2 year parts & labor warranty
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text:
If it's on Netflix you'll find it with our search engine. Search below to get started.
89 m -
Action & Adventure
A retired CIA agent travels across Europe and relies on his old skills to save his estranged daughter, who has been kidnapped while on a trip to Paris.


text:
Our community website was developed to serve as an informative resource for both our neighborhood and our local community. Please feel free to contact us with your comments and suggestions.
Police, Fire, Medical Emergency 911
Txu Energy 972-791-2888
Atmos Energy 800-460-3030
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AT&T Telephone Repair 800-222-0300
Animal Control 972-466-3420
City Code Enforcement 972-466-3060
City of Carrollton 972-466-3000
City of Carrollton Utilities 972-466-3120
Crime Line (city info.) 972-466-3329
Street Light Repair 888-313-4747
Councilman Herb Weidinger 972-416-6178


text:
Testbench with a Full Family of Synthesizable Cores for Gigabit Ethernet
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Fremont, Calif.--Aug. 27, 1997--Less then eight weeks after releasing the first Gigabit MAC CoreCell, CoreEl MicroSystems (Fremont, Calif.) unveiled a set of CoreCell packages along with a Testbench for a complete Gigabit Ethernet solution. With this introduction, CoreEl has more then thirty CoreCells to support the fast growing communication and telecom market, specifically ATM, Ethernet, and SONET.
The released Gigabit CoreCell set now includes the GEM (Gigabit Ethernet Media Access Controller or Gigabit MAC), physical layer sublayer 8b/10b encoding/decoding, auto negotiation function, and flow control for full duplex mode. The functional blocks meet the IEEE 802.3 D31 (draft 3.1) and other applicable standards. CoreEl also introduced a general-purpose user programmable and easily extendable Testbench for Gigabit Ethernet applications. CoreEl plans to release the VLAN support function, and RMON Assist CoreCells within the next eight weeks.
All cores come in the form of fully synthesizable RTL VHDL source code while optionally Verilog source code can be made available on request. Detailed and comprehensive specification, theory of operation, clearly defined and modeled interfaces with compilation and synthesis scripts for majority of the industry standard tools including Synopsys, Mentor Autologic II, Exemplar are provided with each CoreCell. All CoreCells meet the requirements of the VSI Alliance architecture document version 1.0.
The current release of CS-1000 Gigabit Ethernet Media Access Controller (MAC) fully meets the IEEE 802.3Z/D3.1 draft standard. The core supports all the standard features like Gigabit carrier extension, frame bursting, half and full duplex operation, short frame transmission with padding, etc. It also includes other value-added features like programmable burst length, and long frame transmission. The GEM core is fully synchronous and designed to operate at 125 MHz clock frequencies in 0.5-m and 0.35-m CMOS technology. Extensive statistical information is provided on frame by frame basis. This forms the basis for the RMON assist CoreCell.
The CS-1001 is a Gigabit Ethernet PCS CoreCell that meets IEEE 802.3z/D3.1 clause 36 draft standard. The features include 8B/10B encoding decoding, carrier sense state machine, collision signals for the MAC, PCS transmit and receive state machines, and the synchronization state machine. It implements GMII interface and directly connects between Gigabit MAC and standard 10-bit fiber channel Gigabit PHY.
The CS-1002 CoreCell implements Auto Negotiation function defined for the Gigabit Ethernet in clause 37 of IEEE 802.3z/D3.1. It allows the stations on a common link to advertise link capabilities, acknowledge messages, understand common modes of operation, and configure automatically. All standard functions including link configuration, full/half duplex capability, pause capability, remote fault as well as additional features like re-negotiation, priority resolution, and next page function are supported.
The CS-1003 CoreCell implements flow control function for full duplex mode and meets IEEE 802.3x draft standard (annex 31B).
CS-1005 VLAN Support CoreCell, compliant with IEEE 802.3Q standard supports frame tagging or tag header insertion and tag header removal, relaying of tagged frames, maintaining minimum size frames and recomputation of FCS (Frame Check Sequence).
CoreEl MicroSystems also provides a user-friendly testbench CS-1000T to test all of the above CoreCells as well as for ASIC, board, or system level testing. The testbench is general purpose enough and can easily be configured to be used with other Gigabit MAC cores.
CoreEl MicroSystems
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text:
Superannuation investment in infrastructure – Steps to further efficiency
Australia's $1.75 trillion superannuation industry makes a significant contribution to Australia's infrastructure.
This research report prepared for the Financial Services Council by EY has cited the lack of suitable infrastructure projects as a significant barrier for investment in infrastructure by superannuation funds.
Our report shows super funds are willing to invest more in infrastructure projects where they deliver an appropriate risk weighted return for fund members. The report also supports the emerging capital recycling model for infrastructure funding.
The clear message is that there is significant appetite from super funds to invest more in infrastructure in Australia – but unlocking greater investment will require a clear, committed pipeline of projects and greater long term certainty on tax and regulation.
The review confirmed that while improvements have been made, the barriers to greater investment by super funds in infrastructure that we identified in 2011 remain today.
The FSC-EY report shows there is an opportunity to stimulate further investment in infrastructure by:
- Incentivising states to establish full capital recycling processes for key infrastructure
- Providing certainty over Commonwealth superannuation regulation and taxation policy
- Establishing a formal 'early project' consultation process between the states and superannuation investors to enable early consideration of transaction structures and procurement processes
Key barriers to investment in infrastructure include:
- Lack of a clear project pipeline and government commitment
- Lack of suitably structured projects for institutional investment
- Greenfield project risks
- Inconsistent, complex and expensive bidding processes
- Regulatory and industry pressures
- Sovereign and political risk
- Unfavourable Australian banking terms


text:
Editor''s note:
There are numerous ways one can dilute concentrated chemicals to manufacturers'' recommended ratios.
Each person has their preferred method, and some facilities champion one procedure over another.
While nearly all methods are viable — as long as they effectively achieve the desired result without waste — some approaches are considered safer than others.
The process of diluting chemicals has come a long way since the days when the "glug, glug, pour" method was considered acceptable.
However, there remain techniques unfamiliar to some individuals that can prove effective in their unique situations.
A recent discussion on the Cleaning & Maintenance Management Online Bulletin Board concerned finding an alternative to traditional chemical dilution systems.
Excerpts from that discussion follow below.
Posted by:
Jan Linderman
I have, for 15 years, used the Spartan Accurate Measure (SAM) dispensing system to dilute and dispense our chemicals, floor cleaner, glass cleaner concentrate and disinfectants.
I have three of these units on my campus.
Suddenly, an employee not in my department has waged a war, declaring this to be unsafe and at risk of chemical backflow into the domestic water system.
He even went to the local code enforcement office and they say we are not up to code.
I now have to find a new process of diluting our chemicals with a system that does not require connecting to the water supply.
Any suggestions from anyone?
I appreciate any help I can get.
Michael Craig
If the unit has an air gap, you should be fine.
The 3M Twist ''n Fill would be a good substitution.
I usually do not recommend 3M, but this system is great and practically foolproof.
Ken Galo
PortionPac system: No hookup to any system; an entire year''s worth of chemicals fits in a shoebox; environmentally friendly; Green Seal-approved; and very cost efficient.
Also, there is an excellent return on investment (ROI).
Richard Wacker
Have you talked with your distributor?
They ought to have the right connection to prevent the backflow.
A plumbing store or hardware store ought to have that part, too.
I have used Butchers, and they have a backflow preventer.
Jan Linderman
Richard, I am beyond taking this measure.
My system does have a backflow built into it but, apparently, it does not meet the satisfaction of our code enforcement office.
So, I''m just looking for a completely different solution.
I am more interested in the dispensing method more than the chemicals themselves.
Ken, the PortionPac system looks interesting; I''m researching this more.
Thanks for your help.
Anyone else have any ideas or suggestions?
Ed Samson
There are a couple of companies offering the PortionPak-type concept; either plastic packages you cut and pour or packaging that dissolves when it hits the water.
I prefer portion control bottles where you squeeze an ounce of liquid into a chamber then pour.
Franklin Technology has a broader line of such chemicals than others I have seen.
Sara Thurston
Another option would be onboard detergent dispensing — if your equipment has it.
Then, you are not mixing any detergent with the water.
You put tap water in the solution tank and, if there is some left, it is tap water that gets dumped.
This might be something you want to look at the next time you purchase equipment — autoscrubbers and battery extractors.
The detergent cartridge — you can use any detergent — has its own dilution hose and the dilution and clean water mix at the floor or carpet.
Advance makes a good one: EcoFlex.
Chaz Townsend
I suggest five-gallon buddy jugs.
One person can mix the appropriate amount of chemical into five-gallon buddy jugs.
The crew can then fill their individual spray bottles from this.
The exception may be your floor cleaner.
You could do something different with this or use portion control packets for that only.
This works very well.
Richard Wacker
Well, then, I would recommend the PotionPak.
I know Stearns also makes individual packets.
Good luck.
Rick VanderKoy
We like the Diversy Ready-to-dispense (RTD) system, and I don''t believe it would be possible for any backflow issues to develop with the RTD jugs.
The crew could be instructed to remove the concentrate container from the hose when they are finished filling bottles or buckets.
Linda Long
I went through the same thing.
The buddy jugs are a great idea.
You can also just turn the water off after each use.
Jan Linderman
Thanks everyone for your input.
You have been a great help.
My plan is use a combination of the PortionPak and buddy jug system.
I also plan to try some of the portion control bottled products.
I have already assigned one person to be responsible for mixing and preparing the buddy jugs for the crew to work from.
I love it when a plan comes together.
Thanks again for your contribution to the plan.


text: John D. McCrum, of Roselle, beloved husband of Barbara, nee Karijolic; loving father of Angela (Tracy) McCrum and Erin (Matthew) McCrum; fond brother of Michael McCrum and Peggy Eberspacher; dear brother-in-law of Karen (Vince) Guiterrez and Wally (Janice) Karijolic; proud uncle of Colette, Charolette, Yvette, Joshua, Jennifer, Lisa, Brett, Tara, Matthew and the late Adam; cherished son of the late John and Christine. He was a friend and business associate of many, his presence will be greatly missed by all. Visitation Thursday 2 p.m. until the time of Service 7 p.m. at The Countryside Funeral Home & Crematory, 333 S. Roselle Rd. (1/2 mile south of Irving Park Rd.), Roselle. In lieu of flowers, donations to the American Heart Association, Dept. 77-3968, Chicago, IL 60678-3968 would be appreciated. Cremation private. 630-529-5751.


text:
Tassal Tasmanian Salmon, an Australian salmon farming company, backed away from plans to dump treated wastewater from salmon pens into...
Audubon Arkansas has been selected to receive a $1.3 million grant through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) competitive Targeted Watershed Grants program to protect, preserve and restore the Fourche Creek watershed. The Targeted Watershed Grants program builds on strong public/private partnerships that create and improve networks for watershed protection.
Located in central Arkansas, the 170-square-mile Fourche Creek watershed drains and filters more than 99 percent of the Little Rock metropolitan area. Audubon Arkansas expects to achieve a five- percent reduction in sediment and nutrients, more sustainable methods for municipal operations and maintenance, a 20 percent reduction of floatable trash and an outreach campaign to reach at least 500,000 people in the watershed. Funds will also be used to revitalize wetland function through reforestation as well as stream bank and wetland restoration.
Nominees were required to set clearly articulated goals and objectives aimed at cleaner water. Watershed plans and project proposals were judged on criteria such as innovation, environmental results, broad support, outreach and financial integrity. EPA received 115 grant nominations, of which 15 were selected to receive funding totaling $14,166,000.


text:
Continued investment expands capabilities and pleases customers{{1469631666211| date:'MMM d, yyyy hh:mm a'}} REDWIRE is news you can use from leading suppliers. Powered by FRASERS.
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Matritech is a metal parts manufacturer that is known for its versatility. One reason for this is the company's focus on expanding its capabilities. Since its founding in 1989, Matritech has invested more than $15 million in fixed assets. The company has acquired a range of cutting-edge equipment, and today it can offer services including laser cutting, robotic welding, CNC machining and much more.
Investments in fixed assets
Matritech can provide CNC machining services using fast and efficient equipment. For example, to provide high-speed part production, Matritech purchased a horizontal machining centre with two pallet changers in 2015. The year before that, the company acquired a new vertical machining centre, the Mazak Vertical Traveling Column (VTC) 300C. This machine offers a powerful 40 Taper spindle, full traveling column and a long fixed table for handling extremely long and heavy workpieces. The machine also features fast traverse rates, which reduces non-cut times.
Matritech has also continually invested in expansions to its facility since it began in a 3,200-square-foot factory. The latest factory enlargement was carried out in 2011, when Matritech expanded its facility to a total of 85,000 square feet. The facility houses many different manufacturing processes under one roof, including everything from design to assembly, so customers get the benefits of dealing with a one-stop shop. This means purchasing, receiving and transportation are simplified.
The result
These investments have had their desired effect, as Matritech's customers say its services are always improving.
For example, a representative from Bombardier praised Matritech's "attention to detail, respect for deadlines, and approach and dedication to continuous improvement."
To learn more about Matritech's ever-expanding capabilities, visit the company's website.


text:
Bill Radke: As we've said, President Obama speaks near Wall Street today to urge Congress to tighten up financial regulations. The president has said: "If we don't change what led to the crisis, we'll doom ourselves to repeat it." But how do we know that? I asked Marketplace's economic editor Chris Farrell to explain it. Hi, Chris.
Chris Farrell: Good morning, Bill.
Radke: Chris, it looks like we are coming out of this recession. It is outrageous that taxpayers had to foot the bill, but couldn't you say that the system has kind of proven it can take a crisis and bounce back?
Farrell: Well, the system has proved that lots of nights eating pizza and soda, you can come up with some ways to try and save the system. But I gotta tell you, Bill, you know, the next time around we can be hit with the kind of body blow that just knocks the global economy back into a depression.
Radke: Why do you say that? What are you envisioning?
Farrell: First of all, the U.S. acted as lender of last resort to the global economy. But we've had a huge increase in our debt, bankers are not popular on Main Street, and I don't think that our politics would allow for a reprise. But there's also this very important point, which is that the too big to fail banks, they're global in scope. So we do need better regulation -- absolutely. But if it can't be done internationally, it can't be done at all.
Radke: Well then that's very worrisome, isn't it? I mean what are the chances of us regulating a global banking system.
Farrell: Well, I am really worried. I mean can you imagine the U.S. and China saying that we're going to give up our power to a global regulator? Not going to happen. But we do need uniform global rules. And that's why the action's going to shift from Washington to Switzerland. That's where the Basil committee's meeting: 27 countries trying to come up with uniform guidelines.
Radke: Marketplace's economics editor, Chris Farrell. Thank you, Chris.
Farrell: Thanks a lot.


text:
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Author: ANN STRATFORD ED.
Title: The Women Poets in English. An Anthology
Description: New York 1972 McGraw-Hill. 9 1/4 inch cloth HB. 374 p. The works of 135 poets from Old English and medieval periods to the present from US, England, Scotland, Ireland, Canada, Australia & New Zealand. owner's name on front ep.,jacket lightly toned and curled at edges with (coffee) splash on spine. VG in G+ jacket n
Price: US$ 15.00 Seller: Little Journeys Bookshop
- Book number: 3427
See more books from our catalog: Women Poets


text:
There are a number of serious implications of tonight's result. But it's worth briefly considering the whipping operation in the hours leading up to this vote. Firstly, there was no rebel whipping operation (as in, no backbenchers leading others to revolt, totting up numbers and issuing rebuttals of government claims) as there has been on other votes such as the Lords and EU budget and referendum rebellions, which means MPs were only being pulled away from the government position by their own instincts. Or they were being left to wander away from the government position. From the conversations I've had with MPs, the government whipping operation continued to be pretty low-key until the middle of today, when the whips started to panic. MPs were starting to get hints that things were serious when those who were known to be seriously sceptical about intervention received calls from the whips asking them to support the government on this motion because they needed their votes. The Prime Minister then started holding meetings with would-be rebels, to try to convince them of his case. But even as the panic rose, no-one thought that there would be a defeat.
A number of rebels have remarked to me that it is strange the whips didn't set to this earlier: they had known for a number of months that there was a list of 81 MPs who were nervous because those MPs signed Andrew Bridgen's letter to the Prime Minister before the summer recess. But instead of working on those MPs, the whips left them alone. This result, if nothing else, puts paid to the notion that the Conservative leadership can rely on the party to be 'self-whipping' until the 2015 election. One MP remarked that he was surprised that more of his colleagues didn't have such a visceral reaction to Ed Miliband's antics that they supported the government out of sheer tribal loyalty on this vote.
And this has taken David Cameron back to the position he was with his party before the summer, when all his love-bombing appeared to have paid off. Why did so few obey the whips' polite requests for support? Well, there's principle, but that could have been expressed at the second vote, if it came. One rebel says:
'It all comes down to loyalty. Who do you want to be loyal to, your Prime Minister or your constituents? The point is that backbenchers know that Cameron doesn't really mean it, that he wouldn't die in a ditch for them, so why should they die in a ditch for him?'
Another MP remarks:
'Cameron lost tonight because yet again he failed to plan and treat each policy as a campaign. No 10 never try to work out Labour and they never present politics as a choice. It means no-one ever thinks he is a conviction politician.'
Subscribe to The Spectator today for a quality of argument not found in any other publication. Get more Spectator for less – just £12 for 12 issues.
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During a ceremony ushering New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio into office on New Year's Day, Rev. Fred Lucus Jr. offered prayers for "the plantation called New York City."
Lucus, chaplain of the New York City Sanitation Department, touched on a number of racial issues during his address and called for a "reconstruction" of the city.
"Sound forth the trumpets of heaven proclaiming a new Emancipation Proclamation in New York City," Lucas said.
"For your divine leadership, emancipate every New Yorker from the shackles of fear, futility, and frustration. Help us to be mastered by only the masters of love and compassion. Let integrity never stand on the auction block or be sold to the highest bidder."
De Blasio vowed to end income inequality in New York City during his campaign.
"Free us from the shackles of partisan politics, political correctness, and personal egos and agendas," Lucas said.
During his inauguration speech, de Blasio thanked Lucas by name.
"Oh God, Oh God, Oh God, Oh God, Oh God," Lucas concluded. "End the civil wars and usher in a new Reconstruction Era that builds upon the many successes and achievements of yesterday while proclaiming the beginning of a new beginning. Let the plantation called New York City be the city of God, a city set upon the hill, a light shining in darkness."


text: I have just for the first time heard about "Congo" large format camera lenses from japan. Apparently they have been in production since the 1920's but why don't they show up in books or in the market place? Have any of you LF users had any thing to do with them? Are they worth buying? Would like to hear from anyone who may have experienced these lenses?


text:
In New Delhi:
Minakshi Seth
Phone: +91 11 4111 1000
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Kathmandu, Nepal, August 15, 2013—
IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, commits to continue working with
the Nepal government and private sector to improve the country's business
environment. Encouraging private sector-led growth and easing constraints
to business are key tools for attracting investment, creating jobs, and
enhancing economic development.
Representatives from the government and private sector came together for
a discussion on key achievements made in the last five years and plans
for the next year. IFC's advisory program in Nepal is delivered through
Nepal Investment Climate Reform Program, supported by SouthAsia Enterprise
Development Facility, which is managed by IFC, in partnership with the
UK government and Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation. IFC's
advisory interventions include include legal and procedural streamlining
to facilitate trade; electronic registration of business; reforms in tax
simplification and compliance; enhanced institutional capacity of Nepal
Business Forum and adoption of 55 reforms through it.
Industry Secretary Krishna Gyawali said, "IFC's advice and support especially
in the reform work at the Office of Companies Registrar has been invaluable".
He confirmed that the Government of Nepal had allocated funds in the budget
which can be pooled with IFC's resources to support replication to other
IFC is keen to extend its investment support to Nepal in developing hydropower,
tourism, agribusiness and financial sectors. Assistance will also
be given to improve regional air connectivity, domestic aviation safety,
food safety, trade, investment regime and support action oriented dialogue.
Fred Zake Head of the Nepal Investment Climate Reform Program said, "Nepal
is very important for IFC and its progress is an example for other governments
to follow."
As of June, 2013 IFC has a committed
portfolio of $48 million, mainly in power, transport, financial market,
microfinance, and trade finance projects in Nepal. IFC also provides advisory
services to strengthen business regulations, increase access to finance,
support development of smaller enterprises, and facilitate creation of
public-private partnerships in infrastructure.
About IFC
IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, is the largest global development
institution focused exclusively on the private sector. Working with private
enterprises in more than 100 countries, we use our capital, expertise,
and influence to help eliminate extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity.
In FY13, our investments climbed to an all-time high of nearly $25 billion,
leveraging the power of the private sector to create jobs and tackle the
world's most pressing development challenges. For more information, visit
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It is equally perplexing to find the origins of the object we know as a "tazza" as to understand why Chinese silversmiths during the Chinese Export Silver period (1785-1940) both excelled at and took such obvious delight in making.
The word itself means a cup or a vessel and is derived from the Persian word "tasht" and the Arabic "tassa." What began life as a shallow drinking vessel morphed at some stage of its long life into a shallow stemmed or footed vessel for serving fruits or sweetmeats. But why would 19th-century Chinese silversmiths feel at home with such an object? To understand why, we need to go on a journey back in time.
Probably one of the earliest objects we would recognize as a tazza is the so-called Tazza Farnese, created circa 100 B.C. Made of sardonyx—an extremely strong stone with the visual qualities of glass or rock crystal—this object is believed to have been made at the Egyptian Ptolemaic Court, probably during the time of Cleopatra, who believed she was a reincarnation of the god Isis. Although "converted" into a Christian chalice at some stage of its life, it began life as a pagan libation cup. The technique of decoration being identical to cameo work.
This particular tazza, however, has spent a lifetime on walkabout and one of the first documented people to acquire it was Tamerlane—Timur the Lame (yes, the man had a pronounced limp)—the brutal and merciless Mongol warlord, otherwise known as Tarmashirin Khan. This places the object in the 14th century A.D. on its journey through time; Timur was the successor to Genghis Khan. Brutal and merciless as he was, Timur also had a passion for beautiful objects.
The Ming Dynasty had driven the Mongols out of China, but Timur planned to eventually conquer China; a plan that he failed to realize, having died during the long, hard campaign he waged.
So, this famous tazza found its way into the realms of China, yet intriguingly, the tazza—as a form—existed as a Chinese form and in silver significantly before the time of Timur.
In Europe, the golden age of the tazza seems to be the Renaissance Age, with the 12 so-called Aldobrandini tazze probably being the most famous—each tazza, made circa mid-16th century, depicting one of the first 12 Caesars. The complete set eventually fell into the hands of the 19th-century Austrian dealer and collector Frédéric Spitzer who, sadly, "improved" the tazze by changing their stems to ones modeled after 16th-century style stems. This did not seem to have had an adverse effect of their value, since this particular tazza achieved $1.4 million at auction in 2013.
So, the scene is set: the tazza is firmly established and we fast-forward to the 19th century, where we witness a virtual outpouring of silver tazze from the workshops of Chinese Export silver makers. In Europe and America, the late Georgian and Victorian eras created a fashion for silver table centers in the form of épergnes and tazze, often made in pairs. Perhaps this created a ready market for the Chinese silversmiths; we shall never really know. But the Chinese silversmiths found an object which they managed to create an ideal marriage of the intrinsic elegance of the tazza as an object with rather fantastical Chinese motifs.
Tazze appear to give the Chinese silversmiths an ideal channel to express their sense of the dramatic and the theatrical. The obvious pleasure that was derived in creating these pieces is almost palpable.
The depiction of the actual root system of the bamboo is a classical Chinese art technique designed to emphasize the strength and ability of bamboo to resist adverse conditions, likening it to human strength of character and resolve to endure at all odds. Abalone and bamboo obviously inspired Wang Hing to create an entire series of tazze. And the decorative use of abalone and mother of pearl finds its roots back in the Tang dynasty.
AUTHOR'S ASIDE: Probably completely unrelated, abalone is also viewed in China as an aphrodisiac. Quite how that might have a connection to its use in tazze I have to admit defeats me currently! One hopes it is simply for visual effect!
While a dolphin is highly unlikely ever to be found in any Chinese Export Silver piece, nothing could be more natural than carp and its variant, the goldfish. Fish (yú), as a generic decorative motif, have a homophonous relationship with "surplus, abundant." This is one of the reasons why blue and white porcelain decorated with fish is so ubiquitous in China. The allegorical use for abundance can relate to offspring, wealth and virtually anything else one would wish plenty of.
The combination of various allegorical components in this tazza [above] are probably the nearest one could get to the Chinese equivalent of "cornucopia". Although this fish appears to be spouting water, almost erupting from it and suspended upon it is the lobed lotus shape, itself bearing reticulated panels on each lobe depicting chrysanthemum, prunus and bamboo motifs – the whole alluding to "excess" and "surplus." There is a particularly masterful decorative treatment of the unudulating top rim of each individual lobe.
Lastly, I want to touch on a highly interesting type of tazza, made circa 1880 by the Canton silversmith Da Xing, who was one of the few mainland Chinese silversmiths of the Chinese Export Silver era producing silver in a separate Singapore-based workshop in the Peranakan (Peninsular Malaysian and Singapore) and Thai (Siamese) styles. Hindu-Islamic in shape and function, yet strangely characteristic of the Chinese in decorative design, Straits Chinese silver is an unusual fusion of two cultural traditions. During the late 19th century, large quantities of Straits Chinese silver were being created in small towns in Malaya and Singapore by local Chinese silversmiths. Few also had a presence in China proper.
Da Xing was well-known for refined craftsmanship and had patrons including at least two documented prominent and wealthy Peranakan families in Malacca. While the best Peranakan silversmiths operated towards the end of the 19th century on Arab Street, Jalan Sultan and North Bridge Road in Singapore, many believe that Da Xing also had a presence in Malacca, since inherited estate goods from many wealthy Malaccan families feature Da Xing silver objects.
The ingenuity of Chinese silversmiths never ceases to amaze.
"The way of Heaven and Earth may be completely declared in one sentence: They are without any doubleness, and so they produce things in a manner that is unfathomable."
— Confucius
Acknowledgments to Danny Cheng in Hong Kong for his translation skills. Special thanks to: The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City; Michael Backman Ltd, London; Christie's, South Kensington; Victoria & Albert Museum, London; S&J Stodel, London; Sofia de Ruival Ferreira, Lisbon, Jeremy Astfalk of The Old Corkscrew, Franschhoek, South Africa.
Unless otherwise stated, all images are from the www.chinese-export-silver.com archive, managed by Christopher Hunter at www.eleven38photography.co.uk.
Adrien von Ferscht is an Honorary Research Fellow at University of Glasgow's Scottish Centre for China Research and also works with museums and universities around the world. His ever-expanding website, Chinese Export Silver, is the largest online information resource on the subject. His "Catalogue of Chinese Export Makers' Marks [1785-1940]," is the largest collector's guide for Chinese Export Silver available, with information on 155 makers and 133 pages of in-depth history. It is updated every six to eight months and is only available as a download file. The single purchase price acquires the Catalogue plus all subsequent editions free of charge. Adrien also encourages people to share images and ask questions at email@example.com.
WorthPoint—Discover Your Hidden Wealth


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International HQ
Neptunigatan 1
Phone: +1 123 456 7890
Fax: +1 123 456 7890
Email: email@example.com
Other contacts
Welcome to the Patient Information Centre, this site is aimed to provide you the patient, a family member or a carer with useful resources on pressure ulcers and the equipment used to helped prevent or treat them.
Relevant links to other sites which may provide further information are also provided.
EPUAP – European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel http://www.epuap.org
NPUAP – National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel http://www.npuap.org
National Institute of Clinical Excellence - http://www.nice.org.uk
EWMA – European Wound Management Association http://www.ewma.org
Department of Health http://www.dh.gov.uk
Tissue Viability Nursing Association http://www.tvs.org.uk
The 'Your Turn' campaign http://www.your-turn.org.uk
A comprehensive portfolio of advanced Therapeutic Support Systems (TSS) designed to manage resident/patient outcomes by helping to treat and prevent the complications that are associated with immobility.
Read more
Despite improvements in pressure injury prevention in many healthcare facilities, pressure ulcers continue to affect approximately 20% of all patients in acute care environments in the UK.¹
World leading integrated solutions for the care of people with reduced mobility and related conditions. Based on extensive knowledge and advanced technology we provide superior medical equipment for safe patient handling and hygiene, medical beds and Therapeutic Support Systems™, wound healing, DVT prevention, disinfection and diagnostics. The result is improved care efficiency and a safer environment for both patient and carer.
This website is intended to provide information to an international audience outside of the US.
Contact us
Hans Michelsensgatan 10
211 20 Malmö
Phone: +46 10 335 4500
Fax: +46 413 646 56
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© 2017 ArjoHuntleigh. All rights reserved.


text:
30 years later, justice still delayed for Bhopal
Three legal developments in the last week — in New York, New Delhi and Bhopal — set back the quest for compensation and contamination cleanup for residents of Bhopal who were killed or injured in the 1984 pesticide plant explosion, one of the world's worst industrial disasters.
Not only were local residents harmed directly by the blast, but contamination at the accident site continues to put the surrounding community's health at risk. At the center of the past week's legal proceedings is the issue of corporate accountability for crimes against humanity, with Dow Chemical front and center.


text:
SHEFFIELD TWP. — The May primary ballot has thinned out since the filing deadline last month.
On Thursday, Eric Kaple, a Willard chiropractor who had been challenging Elyria City Councilman Marcus Madison, D-5th Ward, in the Democratic primary for the right to challenge state Sen. Gayle Manning, R-North Ridgeville, dropped out of the race.
Kaple said he hadn't expected to face a primary opponent and was surprised when Madison filed in his race on the filing deadline. Madison originally planned to run for the seat being vacated by state Rep. Matt Lundy, D-Elyria, who is challenging Lorain County Commissioner Tom Williams, a Republican.
Kaple said he put a lot of thought into whether to run against Madison and determined he didn't like his chances.
"I came to the conclusion that it would be nearly impossible to win the primary with Marcus being an Elyria city councilman and an established Lorain County politician, and here I am a nobody from Huron County," he said. "I thought it would be an exercise in futility."
Kaple's exit leaves Madison without a primary challenger.
Kaple isn't alone in bowing out of the primary before a single vote has been cast.
Democrat Robert Fisher, who would have faced U.S. Rep. Bob Gibbs, R-Lakeville, in November, has likewise withdrawn his candidacy, said Lorain County Board of Elections records. No other Democrats are in the race, leaving Gibbs unopposed in the fall unless an independent candidate files to run against him before the May primary.
State Rep. Dan Ramos, D-Lorain, also will face a clear road to a November victory unless an independent files in his race. He faces no Republican opposition and his sole challenger in the Democratic primary, Carl Whitmore, been disqualified. Elections board Director Paul Adams said Whitmore didn't have enough signatures to qualify for the ballot.
U.S. Rep. Marcy Kaptur, D-Toledo, will have a clear path to a primary win in two months now that her opponent in the Democratic primary, Cory Hoffman, has withdrawn.
The Socialist candidate in the race, Susan Purviance, also has removed herself from contention.
Kaptur will face the winner of the Republican primary, which pits Robert Horrocks Jr. against Richard May, in the fall.
One candidate who hadn't initially been expected to face an opponent in the fall, U.S. Rep. Jim Jordan, R-Urbana, will now likely have one. Democrat Janet Garrett has filed as a write-in candidate in her party's primary for the right to contest Jordan's re-election bid in November.
Contact Brad Dicken at 329-7147 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
I remember that moment I think that might have been season 7, the AS edition. Now that's the kind of mind games I like to see played. Wasn't it season 4 they sent the mime into the house? And didn't give any reason, the mime just showed up?
I wish they still had the fun, weekly America's choice. Season 2 was one of my favorites, when the HG got the pot belly pig for the week, and the trampoline that Will went crazy over (and them threatening Bunky because his request was to get new grass), the winter wonderland, which Nicole hated (and they put a real life stuffed bear in the yard, and she was a vegetarian).


text:
PHILADELPHIA (CBS) — The Philadelphia Phillies have announced the passing of team owner, Sara "Sally" Buck.
In a statement released Saturday afternoon, Phillies President David Montgomery says Buck died earlier in the day.
Montgomery says "Sally was loved by many in the Phillies organization from front office staff, to players, to fellow owners. Her passing leaves the club with a profound sense of loss. Her presence at Citizens Bank Park will be missed by all who knew and loved her."
Sally Buck and her late husband, Alexander (Whip), had been part of the Phillies ownership group since 1981.
You may also be interested in these sports stories:


text:
According to security experts, KickAssTorrents (kat.ph) which receives a really high traffic (more than 1.5 million unique visitors per month) has been found to be spreading malware through malvertising. Though just in the beginning of October its creators said that they can assure their users that KickassTorrents has no malware or viruses of any kind and it is absolutely safe to use, KickAssTorrents' OpenX cplatform has been found to be compromised and serving browser exploits. So, simple browsing on this website with outdated browsing platform results in getting dangerous rogue anti-spyware program called Security Sphere 2012. And no clicks are needed!
You must know that Security Sphere 2012 is dangerous malware which refuses to be uninstalled without purchasing. It pretends to be reputable anti-malware solution which is powerful to detect and remove various cyber threats. However, the real thing it does is cripple user's ability to use your PC and block critical system services. So, it seems like attackers are trying to spread their malware in more and more unexpected ways.
Source: blog.armorize.com


text:
Forgot your password? Enter the email address you signed up with and we will send you a link to create a new password.
Your password reset has been submitted to the address provided.
Design plus words, letters, and/or numbers
Alimentary pasta; pre-packaged dinners consisting of frozen pasta meals
Business in Carlsbad, CA


text:
J%org Knappen wrote:
[ISO 15xxx MES subset of ISO 10646]
> I must admit, that I like this suggestion, although it is not really
> forward-thinking. But it follows the KISS (Keep it simple and small)
> principle like many other good things. A problem might be, to keep
> ISO 15646ą in synchronisation with ISO 10646---another
> registration authority might introduce divergencies.
> ąNota Bene: This is not an official standard number
Synchronization is only a problem if you expect the standard to
evolve. ISO 10646 as the all-in-one mother-of-all-character-sets
standard will certainly evolve and will be modified or extended
probably twice per year over the next decades to satisfy even
the most exotic academic needs. This alone will make the word
"ISO 10646 conforming" technically confusing and meaningless,
no matter what the marketroids think. But ISO 15646ą should be
seen once it is finished as an untouchable standard, just
like ASCII is untouchable today. No modifications, no synchronization
problems. Just ~1000 stable characters as an attractive intermediate
step away from ASCII and Latin-1 into the 16-bit world.
I see already with horror today, that programming language standards
allow *all* ISO 10646 characters in identifier names. Imagine variable
names with bidi and combining character content: interoperability
will be doomed, I will not even be able to print some of the
procedures. Are linkers supposed to resolve precomposed and
combining characters in identifiers? Few people who just naively
reference ISO 10646 in their specification have a real clue of
what problems they might create. ISO 15646ą would be a standard
that can be used the same way as ASCII without creating these
additional semantic interoperability hazards that ISO 10646
promises today.
I know, it is not very forward thinking and probably already behind
the state-of-the art of the next Web browser generation with very
sophisticated font technology. However there are a lot of very
useful other tools besides Netscape out there that I use daily
(Emacs, vi, xterm, kermit, gcc, etc.) that live in a monospaced
left-to-right environment and for these systems, upgrading to UTF-8
and around 1000 character fonts is a tiny exercise, but anything
beyond is out of the question. For THIS environment, and not for
flashy GUIs like Netscape I would like to see ISO 15646ą.
It is the environment of an academic Linux hacker and not the
environment of flashy-GUI companies like Microsoft and Netscape.
There are still some people out there like myself who feel that the
standard Internet email format should not become WinWord
and should stay editable with Emacs.
-- Markus Kuhn, Computer Science grad student, Purdue University, Indiana, US, email: firstname.lastname@example.com
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.1.2 : Tue Jul 10 2001 - 17:20:35 EDT


text:
Curb added stress with exercise, meditation
While you watch your diet, here are some other things to consider during the holidays, as well:
» Think fitness: Stress this time of year has a way of creating chaos – and overeating. "Try to use exercise, find something you like, and use that instead of the eating," said Kerrin Nikiel, membership director for the Southtowns Family YMCA. "When I'm stressed out, I like to take a yoga class or Zumba class. You can forget about what you were doing and clear your mind."
Fitness Factory personal trainer Bryon Sperduti advises, "If you have time at home, 20 minutes, a half hour, get something in. Whether it be a workout DVD, a run, a little circuit routine – it could be four rounds of 25 pushups, 20 jumping jacks, 20 crunches, five squat thrusts – get it in. Make sure you schedule it in your calendar.
Your workouts don't need to be indoors, either. BlueCross BlueShield Wellness Director Kelly Hahl and her husband, Jason, burn off calories during the holidays taking treks through the snow or pulling their children, Nathan, 5, and Erin, 2, on sleds near their East Aurora home. Others ski.
» Follow a budget: "For a lot of people during the holidays, stress comes from money," Hahl said. "You're at the store, you don't have a plan and you're just buying things, so before you know it, your credit card is piling up." Follow a budget and make a list before you go shopping, "whether it's for food or for people," she recommends.
Learning how to say no to some party invitations "and just stay home with your family, doing what you want to do," also can be a healthy, economic choice, Hahl said.
» Learn to be still: Even if it's only for a few minutes a day, a little alone time is another stress-buster. "Sit in an incredibly comfortable position," advised Dr. James Pilc, a meditation guide in the Southtowns. "Use a fan for white noise to cover up external noises. It also has a way of grounding you to this internal calm. [Put on] music, peaceful music. Then close your eyes and use your imagination to walk to your most peaceful place and try to just stay there." This can lower blood pressure and the rigors of the season – at least for awhile.
– Scott Scanlon


text:
Tail bud
Revision as of 21:16, 3 October 2005 by WikiConvertor (Talk)
tail bud
The rapidly proliferating mass of cells at the caudal extremity of the embryo; remnant of the primitive node.
Synonym: end bud.
Please contribute to this project, if you have more information about this term feel free to edit this page.


text: I bought a bunch of strings "as-is" on eBay, and only one set was unused. However, these strings have a little surface rust on them. Now, I didn't pay much but it would be great if they could not be a total loss. Any ideas? Should I just pitch them in the trash?


text:
A 14-year-old boy was killed by police forces during a protest in Bahrain on Wednesday, according to human rights activists in the tiny Gulf kingdom.
Ali Jawad Ahmad, 14, died after a police teargas canister struck his head at a protest, according to a statement posted online by the Bahrain Youth Society for Human Rights.
The incident occurred shortly after morning prayers in the Sitra region on Wednesday.
Several news agencies reported that Bahrain's state media, quoting a security official, denied any major police activity in Sitra on Wednesday.
Bahraini officials confirmed a 14-year-old was killed but gave no other details on the possible cause of death. A statement by the Interior Ministry said there was no reported police action in Sitra at the time the boy's death was reported.
The boy's uncle, Isa Hassan, told AP that Bahraini security forces "overreacted" to the small protest and fired canisters of teargas directly into the crowd.
"They are supposed to lob the canisters of gas, not shoot them at people," Hassan told AP at the boy's funeral. "Police used it as a weapon."
(GlobalPost in Manama: Bahrain becomes flashpoint in relations between US and Saudi Arabia)
Ahmad's father told CNN that his son was barely recognizable at the hospital.
A photo posted to the website of the Bahrain Youth Society for Human Rights, purportedly of 14-year-old Ahmad, shows a young boy's face almost completely covered in blood. Amateur video shot at the morgue and posted to social media websites shows similar graphic images.
"I lost my child... he does not deserve this destiny," Jawad al-Sheikh, the boy's father, told CNN.
A wave of Tunisia-inspired protests swept across in the tiny Gulf island nation in February, but the demonstrations were largely quelled by state security forces earlier this spring. In March, Bahrain's police were reinforced by a Saudi-led contingent of security dispatched by the Gulf Cooperation Council.
After several protesters were killed in February, human rights groups appealed to Bahrain's leader, King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, to end the "heavy-hand tactics" by an "excessive police force."
King Hamad, a Sunni Muslim, has ruled over Bahrain's roughly 700,000 Shiite residents since 1999. Bahrain's Shiite majority has long complained of political and economic discrimination, especially a lack of representation in government.
Bahrain is also home to an American naval base that serves the U.S. Fifth Fleet.


text:
Welcome to WebmasterWorld Guest from 22.214.171.124
Forum Moderators: Robert Charlton & goodroi
Well, I beg to differ. Keywords in a domain name DO make a difference, or at least that's what I think. Here is my argument why keywords in a domain name are important:
Let is imagine that search engines give zero weight to the keywords in a domain name. As we all well know, any search engine now gives (ever since Google pionered that technique) gives great importance to links from other sites that link back to your site. The number of those links, their quality, the type of sites they come from and the text used in those links play a vital role in ranking your site and in your position in SERPs.
So, the words used to link back to you are important. We'll not differ on that. Let us imagien your site name is www.california-blue-widgets.com. Most link backs to you will use the text "California Blue Widgets" to link back to you. So, even if Google or any other search engine gave zero attention to the keywords in your domain name, those very keywords will indirectly have a very strong effect on your place in SERPs because in many cases people will use thoe very words in the domain as the text for links they put back to you. (Sure there exceptions exist where the link text does not match words in the domain name, but I'm talking about the general case.)
So, next time someone tells you the domain names don't matter, just smile and tell him "Sure they don't."
joined:June 13, 2005
votes: 0
Branding in the domain name has a different reason for existence. It's good to use both branding in one domain and keywords in one or more other domains to drive traffic.
Yes, Google and Yahoo are nonsensical names that are more popular in Search than CNET's own Search.com but if you don't have the gargantuan budget to market your great branded domain, keywords definitely help.
After all, we're here in WebMaster World, not WebmasterWorldo.com.
It was flawless, in my opinion, except for the comment that branding is what it's all about.
There have been other "flaws" in there from time to time. And that's the real point.
SE algo's change. They fluctuate - Google are forever twiddling dials. The day that they turn down the "keyword in domain" dial, or "anchor text" dial, the sites that were on the ball with branding will be less affected.
The less you have to rely on a constantly changing SE algo, the better.
There was a time when kw in domain mattered from the perspective of weighting in the G algo. That has now been totally, or almost totally, discounted. Think about why. The answer is twofold: 1) Giving weight to domains with kw embedded encourages spam, and 2) Giving weight to domains with kw embedded essentially downgrades domains that do not contain kw in domain. Do you think that G wants to downgrade CNN or the thousands of other information based sites that don't have kw in domain. Of course not.
But for some reason, people often miss the distinction between algo weighting and backlink anchor text evolution. Apples and oranges.
The arguments posed by the OP, while relevant to the wider discussion of kw marketing, are a red herring WRT to how the algo's work, and THAT is what people have been discussing. KW-in-domain not only no longer matters from an algo perspective, but can be taken by some SE's as a potential red flag. Who needs that?
And as for whether kw in domain can help a site's link building efforts (or more to the point, a site's backlink anchor text development), the point is still easily debated.
If my domain is someword.com, but the name of my site is "Someword Widget Shoppe", do you think I'm gonna get the sort of IBL anchor text I want? If I have even the slightest amount of skill in link dev, then the answer is: Yes. ;-)
Brett's comment on branding is wise and long term oriented, and reflects an understanding of the difference between algorythmic importance and online marketing.
joined:Oct 27, 2001
votes: 0
If branding wasn't an issue, then go for the keywords. However for the industry I work in (very competitive) the SERPs for the top keyphrase has 6 'branded' URLs, and 4 'keyword' URLs.
Now, I could feasably click on any (or all) of those sites, but which one am I going to come back to because I remembered their domain name? online-widget-selling.com, or brand.com?
Of course, the way to get round it, is to have keywordbrand.com - good keywords and a memorable brand!
If supplemental pages are a problem just think about the ramifications of supplemental algo routines, yikes.
Google s/b and probably is kw neutral as to urls including all portions of the domain name. That would be the only proper way to remove it as a factor.


text:
San Jose acting Police Chief Larry Esquivel unveiled a new strategy for his officers that he says puts the emphasis back on protecting and serving.
In an exclusive interview, Esquivel also responded to criticism he is facing for rescinding a practice of tracking something known as curb sitting. Under the policy ordered by former San Jose Police Chief Chris Moore, officers were required to document all stops, even if they didn't make an arrest. They were asked to keep track of the race of people they pulled over and whether the person was asked to sit on the curb while the officer determined if a crime had been committed.
Today Esquivel told NBC Bay Area the suspension is temporary. He said he is tweaking the policy to make sure it works for everyone, including his officers. He said the department's decision, which Esquivel admits he was part of, to track the race of people asked to sit on curbs may have been rushed.
"I think as an administration, we could have done a better job. We didn't work a lot with the stakeholders like we should have. So that's on us for not doing a good job of rolling it out that way," Esquivel said.
At the time, Moore was applauded by minority groups who said curb sitting is a form of humiliation that unfairly targets them.
Judge La Doris Cordell, who is the San Jose Independent Police Auditor, said there was no other police department in the country that required officers to keep track like San Jose did. She called it "truly groundbreaking."
Cordell said she was disappointed when the current chief suspended the policy, adding it is a move in the wrong direction. "You know, we move on and my hope is this chief is going to do the right thing. He might narrow the scope. I personally disagree with that, I thought the scope was just fine," Cordell said.
Esquivel did not give a timeline on when he will make a final ruling on the curb sitting issue.
Also Thursday, Esquivel unveiled his vision for the force called "Our City" which focuses on fighting gangs, improving morale and reconnecting with the community.
"That's the main thing; to keep our kids out of gangs," Esquivel said. "We don't want to remain idle. We owe it to our citizens and the department, not only to improve morale, but also to enhance our services."
It's worth noting that Esquivel has not officially applied for the job of Chief of Police, which has been open for months. Since he took the helm as acting chief, morale in the department is reportedly up. Officers credit his straightforward approach as helping gain the trust of his troops.
We also noticed that he is only wears two stars on his uniform. A chief could wear four stars, but when asked about it - Esquivel said he had bigger things to think about than figuring out how to get the star addition to his wardrobe.
Another reassuring symbol for his rank and rile is the H-pin he wears.
That symbolizes his eight years on the elite SWAT team.
Officers tell me it proves he's one of them - a cop.