text:
Scripting in the Browser - Part 2 | Page 3
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Scripting in the Browser - Part 2
Manipulating the DOM
The test.htm document also includes examples of traversing, adding to, and editing the contents of a
DOM Document.
Traversing a DOM DocumentYou can iterate through the DOM Document in much the same way as with other data structures such as arrays. The following example shows one way to loop through the collection of child nodes of an XML document:
Figure 8-9 shows the output from this function.
Note that the output shows text nodes as well as the
<DVD> elements. However, if you look at the XML document, you can see that no text nodes exist between these elements. Text nodes appear because the parser treats white space as text when it falls within an element. In this case, the tabs and carriage returns inside the
<library> element are treated as text nodes.
This is not the default behavior for the MSXML parser. You need to tell the parser explicitly to preserve the white space nodes when you create the ActiveX object in the xDOM library:
If you don't do this, you'll see different behavior in MSXML and Mozilla, and you won't be able to write cross-browser code.
Accessing Element Values
You can access the text within elements by using the nodeValue property. Remember that text within an element is a child of that element. This example shows how to retrieve the title for each DVD:
Figure 8-10 shows the output from this function.
Accessing Attributes
You can access attributes within an element by name:
This line retrieves the text from the first child of the
id attribute node. The first child contains the text content of the attribute. The
doGetAttributesExample() function shows an example:
Figure 8-11 shows how this appears.
Loading XML from a String
Instead of loading an external XML document, you can load XML data from a string variable. As with the
load() method, loading from a string variable uses an asynchronous loading process. The only difference is the following line, which uses the
loadXML() method instead of
Tip: Because the XML string contains an attribute, I've used two types of quotation marks in the JavaScript line. The loadXML() method encloses the string XML content in a single quotation mark, while the attributes use double quotes. You could also use the quotation marks in the opposite way or escape the quotes within the loadXML string variable.
Adding Elements and Attributes
test.htm document includes an example that adds a node to the
DOM Document. The relevant portion of the
onLoad_LoadXMLFromString() function follows:
The code starts by creating a new
<DVD> element using
Then the code creates an attribute called
id with the
createAttribute() method and sets its value to 5:
Next, the code uses
appendChild() to add a new text node to the element:
Finally, the code appends the new element to the
documentElement of the
DOM Document:
Figure 8-12 shows the XML string after adding the new element.
Deleting and Replacing Elements
You'll notice that Figure 8-12 also includes an example of removing and replacing a node. The following code removes the new element and replaces an existing element:
These lines use the
removeChild() method to remove the last
<DVD> child element, which is stored in the
oOldNode variable. The code then uses the
replaceChild() method to replace the first
<DVD> child element. Figure 8-12 shows the effect of the replacement.
You've seen the main aspects of using xDOM with an XML document. In the next section, let's look at an example that puts these techniques into practice.
Putting It into Practice
In this section of the chapter, I'll use the xDOM library with a real-world example. You can find the example in the contacts folder with the other resources for this chapter.
This example provides a simple demonstration of some of the concepts discussed in this chapter. The example relies heavily on XSLT transformations. Because both IE and Mozilla work with stylesheets in a similar way, this approach provides a cross-browser solution. It's too difficult to generate complex XHTML using DOM manipulation alone. Note that the example won't work in Opera 8.5 and below.
Understanding the Application
The application loads an XML document containing information about contacts. It uses two XSLT stylesheets to display the content in a web browser dynamically. The first stylesheet creates a link for each contact. Clicking the link displays the contact details. Figure 8-13 shows the process that I'll work through in the application.
In brief, the user requests an XHTML page that includes JavaScript. The page loads an XML document and two stylesheets. One stylesheet transforms the XML document to display a set of links. When the user clicks a link, the second stylesheet provides the details of the selected option. I'll use parameters so that the same transformation displays details for each of the links.
A key point of this application is that the user can display different contact details without the browser having to return to the server. All the relevant data is downloaded once, when the page first loads.
Examining the Code
Let's work through the application. First, the structure of the source XML document,
contacts.xml, follows:
Obviously, this XML file contains multiple contacts, but for brevity, I've only shown the structure of the first
<person> element. The information is contained in a physical XML file, but it could just as easily be generated from a database with server-side code or consumed from a web service.
contacts_demo.htm page starts the process with an onload handler in the
<body> tag:
runInit() function checks that the xDOM library initializes successfully and calls the
doLoadXMLFromURL() function to load the document:
doLoadXMLFromURL() function is similar to the code you saw in the previous section:
The function creates a
DOM Document and sets the
onreadystatechange handler. It then loads the
contacts.xml file. The handler function follows:
This function checks that
readyState is equal to 4Âin other words, that the XML document loads successfully. The function then loads two stylesheets,
select.xslt and
display.xslt, setting the
onreadystatechange handlers.
select.xslt stylesheet creates the list of links for the application:
This stylesheet creates the links in a
<div> element. Each link calls the
showPerson() function, passing the value of the
id attribute.
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The Orioles sailed into the last of the fourth today with a 3-0 lead. But the game unraveled for the Birds and Brian Matusz when Tampa scored five runs in that inning and went on to beat the Birds, 7-3.
The O's were batting .302 since Buck Showalter took over, but today were held to just four hits. There were 19 straight O's batters retired after an Adam Jones three-run homer in the third until a Matt Wieters double with one out in the ninth.
The O's took a 3-0 lead in that third. After a Ty Wigginton single and walk to Luke Scott, Jones hit his blast off the left field foul pole.
It was his 17th homer of the year, but just his second over the past 23 games.
The lead didn't last too long as Tampa scored five in the fourth. The big blast was a Grand Slam by Kelly Shoppach. The first five batters reached and scored vs. Matusz in that inning. Shoppach added a solo blast off Alfredo Simon in the 8th for a two-homer, 5 RBI game. Shoppach entered the day with a .195 average and just one homer in 87 big league at bats on the season.
Matusz, after giving up just two runs over 12 innings his last two starts, gave up five runs and nine hits over four innings. He is 4-12, 5.28. Matusz ties teammate Kevin Millwood for the league lead in losses.
O's starters had pitched to an ERA of 2.26 over the last 11 games.
Matusz's outing also ended a streak of O's starters pitching at least six innings in 11 straight games.
The O's left five runners on over the first two innings vs. Andy Sonnanstine and did not score after putting runners at 2nd and 3rd with no outs in the first.
After out-hitting Tampa 12-3 Friday, today, the O's were out-hit, 15-4 as Tampa won for just the third time over its last ten games.
With a win today, the O's would have won four straight series for the first time since August of 2004. They can still achieve that with a victory in the series finale at St. Petersburg on Sunday when Jake Arrieta (4-3, 5.29) faces Jeremy Hellickson (2-0, 1.29).
So, the Orioles fall to 9-3 under Buck Showalter, 3-8 on the year vs. Tampa, 11-36 vs. the AL East and 41-76 overall.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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text: PLEASE, need help... Oracle version 10.2.5 on HP-UX B.11.11 User called about 2 hours ago. They cannot connect to their test instance. We found all instances were affected with the ORA-12699, tried everything we could think of and finally bounced the host. Went to restart a databases: tbcsdb01:oracle:/opt/oracle/dba>sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Tue Sep 20 13:05:00 2011 Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved. SQL> spool /opt/oracle/dba/startupdb SQL> connect / as sysdba ERROR: ORA-12699: Native service internal error ----------------------------------------------------------------- No help on MetaLink that I could find. No help on GOOGLE. Just found: turn tracing on and call Oracle Support. How do turn tracing on when u cannot even CONNECT??? There are 18 test instances that are down. 2 instances started back up but they are Oracle version 9 ANY SUGGESTIONS... TIA Al Rusnak Database Administrator ManTech International Corporation Fort Lee, Virginia Phone: 804.734.8000 ex. 48210 Email: george.rusnak.ctr@xxxxxxxx -- http://www.freelists.org/webpage/oracle-l


text:
Thousands of festival goers are expected to go wild over strawberries at the annual event celebrating the fruit grown here in the county. Pie eating contests, strawberry costume contests and 200 vendors with everything strawberry, carnival rides and a Strawberry Idol Contest are among the attractions of the all-day fest 7:30 a.m. to 7 p.m. May 27 in historic downtown Vista.
Highlights include a "red hot car show," remote control car races, live music, food and cooking contests along with home-brew competitions. The event sponsored by Tri-City Medical Center, is coordinated by the Vista Chamber of Commerce and the Vista Village Business Association.
For more information, go to vistastrawberryfest.com.


text:
Update Regarding GP Practices Following Cyber Attack
**UPDATED** 16:55 17th May 2017**
Following the ransomware cyber attack that affected NHS organisations in Lincolnshire, as of 4.30pm all Lincolnshire GP practices are able to offer a 'business as usual' service to patients, and have access to clinical systems. Back office functions may still be slow initially, so please bear with practices and their staff. Thank you for your understanding.


text:
Someone should make one that looks like a butt. Butts are funny and pooping is funny.
pooping diarrhea
I believe a 'fanny', in the british sense, styled pour-over would also be funny.
And have it on top of this:
Mmmmmmmm.... micro-particles of plastic in every delicious cup of coffee.
This topic was automatically closed after 5 days. New replies are no longer allowed.


text:
All dogs guaranteed to:
Obey - your whispered commands off-leash.
Protect - relentlessly and unmatched until given his "release" command.
We are not dog brokers who sell Schutzhund (sport) titled dogs for ridiculous ($30,000 and more) prices.
We are trainers who have the 'real thing' - dogs that are trained from an early age to protect you and your family in real situations and not just how to bite an arm sleeve on a training field.
Although most of our dogs have excellent pedigrees, they are not selected for their paperwork. They are selected for their individual health and temperament which is correct for the demands of our program. Our dogs are friendly and dignified. Aggression is only displayed on your command or in the face of a direct threat.
All our dogs come from one trusted source, Branko Mrazovac of Europe. Branko, with over 35 years experience, personally selects the best young dogs Europe has to offer.
There are no middlemen in our program jacking up our prices. Dogs come straight from a top European breeder/trainer to our training program. Our dogs will not be out performed in obedience or protection anywhere in the country. We take such great pride in the quality of our dogs that we guarantee the dog's training for life. At under $10,000 for most dogs, you will not find a better quality companion and protector for twice that amount in this country. We guarantee it.
Serious inquiries may contact us for more details.
Our dogs are chosen for health and temperament first
We have been dog breeders and trainers from Europe for more than 35 years.
It is our family enterprise consisting of eight members. Our domicile is in a quiet place
between Budapest and Belgrade. We have breed and trained more than 1000 dogs
so far having always the top European breedlines. We have a modern training field
where excellent licensed decoys are engaged. As for the accomodation of dogs,
we have forty kennels.
We breed, train and sell dogs such as German shepherds,
Belgian malinois, rottweilers, dobermans, boxers, puppies, young dogs and fully
trained dogs. Our prices are correct depending on dogs' quality.
In our dog breeding centre various dogs are available such as police or
SCHh sport dogs, personal protection, security K9, family pets, trail-dogs, watchdogs etc.
They all possess the F.C.I regular pedigree, dog show and training prospects.
In our work we respect the highest world standards in the field of dog breeding,
law, ecology and protection of animals. Therefore our trained dogs are well-balanced
and happy.
We are able to ship the dogs to you with all the regular documents.
All of us are dog breeders and licensed specialists in dog training.
Buy from us fully trained dogs of top quality. We guarantee completely.
If you visit us, accomodation and board are assured at a hotel. A possibility presents itself for horse-riding in a famous riding arena, too.
Zobnatica, the magnificent beauty of Panonnia, is only 140 km away from Belgrade and 30 km from Subotica. As an ideal locality, Zobnatica has been known for more than 500 years. Nature and people have created an oasis of life in the plain of Backa. Only its name - Zobnatica - has been preserved from the ancient times. Reminiscent of that past is an old castle and one great love - horses. Today vast pastures are only a memory. Hard-working Zobnatica has been collecting excellent crops from that rich soil, but the fast galloping horses keep the tradition of the best Yugoslav horse-farm. Today, it is a homogenous industrial system with improved agricultural production and with flourishing tourism and catering. A unique specialty is the Stud of racehorses and the splendid lake in the Valley of rascals.
Horse gallop has been resounding here for hundreds of years, sometimes faster, sometimes quieter, but always pleasant to man's eye and soul. One can only guess how much champagne has been drunk out of thousands of winner's cups. The names of Pastrmka and Kolubar, Karmenka and Kanada, Kazanova and Kamenko, black and bay horses, are well known. The impressive figure of Jadran II symbolizes love, tradition and two hundred year history of this horse-farm. Winner's cups silently tell us stories about their victories but also about people who took care of them and made them champions. That part of history has been preserved in the only Yugoslav museum of horse breeding. It exhibits equipment, cups, vases, valuable paintings, parts of costumes and dresses.
In Zobnatica there is also the modern JADRAN 3* hotel with its 20 double bedrooms, three apartments. The majority of rooms, which are modernly equipped by TV sets, mini bars and telephones, are in the old castle. The hotel has two restaurants halls with 350 seats, a TV hall, as well as the Yellow and the Green hall, suitable for business lunches. Next to the hippodrome there is a pub (Carda) for 40 people indoors and 360 people in a covered pub place and banquet halls. The guests can also make use of a sauna, a trim cabinet or a bowling alley or go for a walk in clean, fresh air. As a gratitude to the Stud of horse races and its tradition of over 200 years, the guests are offered tourist riding, both for children and adults with or without training, school of riding, riding around Zobnatica and carriage driving.
Riding along lakeshore or driving in a hackney carriage count among favorite pastime activities here. If it is too hot, you can find refreshment in cool lake water. And when the day comes to the end, you can relax listening to music and savoring excellent food. For hunters and anglers the expanses of Zobnatica is a real discovery. Zobnatica lake is one of the richest fish lakes in Vojvodina and anglers catch carp, pick-perch, pike and other species.
Hunting ground is abundant in pheasants, hares, ducks, partridges, quails and does. The racecourse and the biggest and most beautiful horse races in Yugoslavia. Pleasure for viewers' eyes and hearts. As usual, Zobnatica horse races will take place in September. Zobnatica, the oasis of life, invites you and wishes you welcome. Join us!


text:
|06 Oct 2010
deleting windows media 12
i have had problems with win med not opening . how can i delete it from my computer completely and reinstall it. it says i cannot delete or repair version on my comp. there has to be a way to dump this and start again. help please !!!!
|My System Specs
|06 Oct 2010
Win 10 Pro x64
Windows Features - Turn On or Off
|My System Specs
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text:
|Reviews for Imaginarium
| XYC Wilde chapter 1 . 3/28/2011
I read the whole play and thought it was a pretty cool idea. I liked how Alucard's name is Dracula backwards. Don't know if that was done intentionally or not...Anyway, great work.
| UNDERLANDERfromtheOVERLAND chapter 6 . 3/20/2011
I like this, but I think it needs longer scenes, it seems like you just spend a moment in each before moving o, and there isn't much time to get to know the characters. Also, the falling unconsious in the begining seems sudden. Maybe he could be trying to think of something, yawn a few times, and fall asleep on his work.
| Compton chapter 6 . 3/20/2011
Nice job! Great ending to an awesome play!
I loved the dialogue throughout the entire play, it brought the play together which I loved.
I also liked the what the character's were doing when they weren't talking, I loved this last scene as well. It's so great awesome.
*claps applause didly doo*
Review Game Review Marathon final day, check it out! (link on my profile)
| Compton chapter 5 . 3/20/2011
Pure genious.
I loved the fight scene even in such few words it explains a lot. Nice job.
Also I love how Rayne died, not that she died because I liked her, but how she she said she never would really die. Awesome.
| Compton chapter 4 . 3/20/2011
Better chapter with a better ending. It makes me want to read more, and I like that, wanting to read more instead of knowing exactly what's going to happen.
Also liked the character Alucard, lot of mistery, and Rayne, she has more devolopment I see. Literally in your story and what I'm reading. Nice job.
| Compton chapter 3 . 3/20/2011
Ok, not the best scene (chapter)yet. I think if this would've been longer it would be more fulfilling to me. Maybe gave me more than Rayne telling about Oblivion and her getting developed, maybe more could work.
I didn't like the chapter was to short for my liking, didn't really help me know anything it was all partly mentioned a while ago.
But I did like that the pace is a little fast, but it for this play, as in if the pace were this fast for another play, it would be fast, but for this it's normal.
| Compton chapter 2 . 3/20/2011
I like reading play's like a script, and this is perfect. These are the kinds that like could go on broadway or something and the people who read it are all like "Woah this is awesome sign me up! Put on the play!"
Yeah, a little overdramatic I know but still, you get my point. Perfect plot and I love it because it is keeping me hooked.
And the dialogue flows perfectly for a play like this, and nothing is forced and that's why I like it so much.
| Compton chapter 1 . 3/20/2011
Well this chapter is pretty good. No errors I see which is great, void of errors.
And it keeps you wondering what happens to John, awesome job this one dude!
Review Game Review Marathon final day, check it out! (link on my profile)
| Caramel Life chapter 6 . 3/20/2011
Really interesting idea. I liked it.
| Carnival's Child chapter 6 . 3/19/2011
Beautiful, just beautiful! I've always wondered what happened to the characters I've forgotten, I knew they must go somewhere. I absolutely love this! I saw so much of the characters even though it wasn't very long. Fabulous, I love it.


text:
Don't Ever Tell
Don't Ever Tell
Brandon Massey has been laboring quietly for the past decade or so in the supernatural and horror literary genres --- working in what author Marcus Wynne so aptly describes as the grammar mine --- without gaining the recognition that is arguably his due.
DON'T EVER TELL --- touted as his breakout novel --- has everything you could reasonably expect in a thriller. It begins with a particularly brutal prison breakout involving Dexter Bates, a former police officer serving a 10-year sentence for attempted murder. Massey drops rotten and unforgettable little breadcrumbs about Bates's character and emotional state throughout the book. The one thing that is clear from the beginning is that prison, as might be expected, has not mellowed him.
Rachel Moore, the object of Bates's attempt at murder, is living happily in Atlanta, Georgia. She is recently married to a first-class if somewhat self-consciously clumsy guy named Joshua who loves her dearly, is newly and happily pregnant, and has a successful hairstyling business. Her life is a dream; the only problem is those lousy nightmares, inspired by her prior marriage to the aforementioned Dexter when she was living in Chicago and her name was Joy Bates. Dexter's escape from business is motivated primarily by revenge against Joy, who pressed charges against him for trying to kill her and divorced him while he was languishing behind bars. These feelings turn to rage, however, when he finds out that his considerable money stash, which was supposed to see him through his post-incarceration, is missing.
Dexter goes on a killing spree, determined to obliterate anyone who has ever meant anything to Joy and to discover where (and who) she is. When Joy --- now Rachel --- learns of Dexter's escape and rampage, she abruptly abandons Joshua and goes into hiding, leaving him devastated and blindsided. Joshua's passivity is about to come to an end, though, as he's willing to do whatever is necessary to save not only his family but also himself. As the final drama is played out in the quietly exotic locale of one of Georgia's barrier islands, a mortally dangerous, seemingly unstoppable force collides with two people whose greatest strengths are their love for and faith in each other.
Brandon Massey gets everything just right in DON'T EVER TELL --- from Joshua's true-to-type friends to Dexter's psychotic reactions. While it's not a horror novel, his prior experience in the genre holds him in good stead here; he hits notes of terror that he has never hit before. Anyone who has ever been involved with a woman who had a crazy boyfriend in her past and had to face the guy down will recognize Dexter from the jump and will be all the more chilled by doing so. The real star in Massey's universe, however, is his pacing, which is first rate from opening sentence to final paragraph. Breakout novel? You bet. And then some.
Reviewed by Joe Hartlaub on July 1, 2008
Don't Ever Tell
- Publication Date: July 1, 2008
- Genres: Thriller
- Mass Market Paperback: 384 pages
- Publisher: Pinnacle


text:
Authorities have arrested one of four men suspected of pistol-whipping a man and tying him and two others up Thursday night during a home-invasion robbery in East Athens.
Omar Jermain Edwards, 30, was arrested in Clayton County on warrants held by Athens-Clarke police for the armed robbery and was booked into the Clarke County Jail over the weekend.
Edwards was charged with three counts each of aggravated assault, armed robbery and false imprisonment, and a single count of possession of a firearm during the commission of a crime.
Edwards, of Forest Park, allegedly went to a woman's home at Oakwood Forest Apartments, 700 Fourth St., with at least three others at about 9:45 p.m. Thursday, police said.
The people in the apartments called for someone who knocked on the door to come in, when a man rushed in and hit a 30-year-old Statham man in the head with a handgun, police said.
The intruder and two others bound the hands of the victim and two women with duct tape and stole cash from the women's pocketbooks and a flatscreen TV, police said.
They spoke during the robbery to a fourth man standing outside who the victims couldn't see, and was possibly a look-out, police said.
Investigators this morning continue to search for other possible suspects in last week's heist.
They are considering whether the men ransacked the apartment because they were looking for drugs.
Officers who responded to the robbery could smell fresh marijuana, but didn't find any pot in the home, police said.
The Statham man who was pistol-whipped has a long arrest record in Clarke County, including charges of possession with intent to distribute marijuana, court records show.
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text: Is there a way to boost the output level of passive pups with some simple mods? I have a set of Rio Grande jazz pickups that sound nice but are pretty low output compared to my pbass (with a Fender Original '62 RI). I would like to give the jazz a little more power. Any suggestions?


text:
Joe R.wrote a review of Skullcandy Fix In-Ear Earbuds with Mic3 - 2011 on January 16, 2013
Great sound, but...
Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
The overall quality of sound that is produced by these headphones is great, however unless you can get these positioned completely down in your ear canal you will lose all bass. There are three different size tips to help with the fit, and I will continue to work with the combinations until I find a solid fit.
I purchased these to use with my Samsung Galaxy S2 and I can listen to music but none of the Mic3 buttons work. No control over volume or tracks.
When running it is a huge annoyance that the left earbud (the one with the Mic3 control) pulls itself out of your ear. There must be just enough extra weight with a fit that I have not perfected yet.
Overall I do like these headphones, I just wish some of the features worked in my particular situation. If you aren't getting them for running you will probably be happy with your purchase.


text:
6 most controversial advertisements:
Tom Ford: The mens brand has provocative ad campaigns which involves more sensuality. Racy and sensual ads by Tom Ford always shock the viewer. Tom Ford was synonymous with Gucci before and Gucci this brand too has made controversial advertisements. After Tom Ford started his own brand, he was named crude for his mens fragrance ad. Tom Ford Mens Fragrance had a nude woman who placed the bottle between her breasts but the second advertisement had a nude woman who tucked the bottle in her pelvic region.
Dolce & Gabbana: Most commonly known for revealing ad campaigns, Dolce & Gabbana ads are controversial and sensually centered. Most of the fashion brands focus on nude female with sensual gestures and actions. In 2007, the Dolce & Gabbana advertisement created controversies saying the poster showed sexual violence and also degraded women. The ad featured a half-naked man holding down a scantily clad woman while four male models looked at them. This controversial advertisement was banned!
Sisley: The fashion brand from Paris is known for making shocking and provocative advertisements. Apart from sensuality, Sisley advertisements are highly provocative. The fashion brand's most controversial advertisement featured two models who pretended to snort a white outfit like drug. The ad read, "Fashion Junkie" and was outraged. Another controversial advertisement of Sisley featured a model l drinking cow milk straight out of the udder sensually.
Axe: This fragrance brand is filled with sensuality. Most of the Axe advertisements have been banned due to excessive sensuality which were unacceptable for public display. Taglines such as "The cleaner you are the dirtier you get," "Put premature perspiration to the test," and "play with Lucy" made the Axe ads highly controversial!
Gucci: It is one of the most famous brand in the world but with controversial advertisements, even Gucci has been criticized. Gucci gained negative publicity when one of the ads featured a model who shaved her pubic hair into the company's "G" logo, along with a man crouched between her legs.
Levis: The recent ad by this Jeans brand has created controversies everywhere. Although the ads are sensual and filled with provocative taglines and slogans, the fashion brand again got involved with controversies. the ad features 4 models in almost same shape and size (except slight differences in the back protrusions). Also the ad didn't feature size 14 shape of women.
These are few controversial advertisements which are provocative, highly sensual and revealing. There are many fashion and fragrance brands which have also created controversies such as Opium, Calvin Klein, Diesel, American Apparel, UCB and Emanuel Ungaro to name a few.


text:
495 Phoenixville Road, Chaplin, CT 06235
Phone: (860) 455-0073
Fax: (860) 455-0027
Email: email@example.com
November 23, 2017 Thanksgiving Day Closings
The following offices will be closed on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday - 11/22 through 11/24:
Senior Center
The following offices will be closed on Thursday, November 23rd and Friday, November 24th:
Department of Public Works * Chaplin Library * Town Hall
The following offices will be open for regular business hours on Saturday, November 25th:
Transfer Station * Library
Curbside pick-up for household garbage and recyclables will be delayed one day, pick-up scheduled for Friday, November 24th.
What to Do If You Have Questions or Concerns
If you have questions or concerns about anything regarding Chaplin Elementary School, please follow these three steps to follow:
Chaplin Town Hall 495 Phoenixville Road Chaplin, CT 06235
Town Hall Hours
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Phone: (860) 455-0073
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Porsche 911 news - Make your 911 old! - 2010
Are you one of the 6,828,794,202* people in the world who missed out on a 911 Sport Classic?
Us too. With just 250 of the retrolicious, duck-arsed Porsches made, Sport Classic ownership is a privilege offered to a pitiful 0.000037** per cent of the population.
Thankfully, because Porsche is of a populist bent, it is now offering some of the nice bits of the Sport Classic to existing 911 owners on a bolt-it-on-yerself basis.
In particular, you can now pick up these lovely 19-inch Fuchs alloys (pronounced Foosh, we think, to prevent schoolboy giggling) for the bargain price of, er, 5,569 Euro (£4,782). Including tyres.
And it seems our relentless whinging has paid off. After just a couple of years of complaining that the wheel-mounted shift buttons for Porsche's PDK gearbox are (a) confusing and (b) also very confusing, you can now have proper shiny paddles - à la 911 Turbo and, er, any Volkswagen with DSG - retro-fitted to your Porsche. Moaning for the win!
Anyhow. Those Fuchs alloys got us thinking: what retro part would you most like to see available as a modern add-on? We'll throw the Escort Cosworth's whale tail spoiler out there for starters. Imagine that on a Focus RS…
*Figure immediately out of date, we realise. Damn population growth.
** Figure also immediately out of date.
What do you think?
This service is provided by Disqus and is subject to their privacy policy and terms of use. Please read Top Gear's code of conduct (link below) before posting.


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There's a certain boost a team gets when a high-caliber player is added to the roster.
On Saturday, Sounders FC got that boost with the announcement that it had signed U.S. National Team captain Clint Dempsey, unveiling him as its third Designated Player in front of a crowd of 39,360 at CenturyLink Field.
Seattle was energized from the start with two early first-half goals and blasted FC Dallas 3-0 to extend the home unbeaten streak to nine straight MLS matches.
"You always want to put in a good performance when you sign a big name player and know that everybody's putting in the work," midfielder Brad Evans said. "Nobody wants their spot to be taken on the field but I think it was a reward for the fans. They came out early; they wanted to see the big presentation and we got on them early tonight."
The reaction from the team goes far beyond the lift it gave the players on the field in the match against Dallas.
Dempsey is widely considered the best player in American soccer today. After helping the New England Revolution to two straight MLS Cup finals appearances in 2005 and 2006, he moved to England, where he developed into one of the Premier League's top scorers in the 2011-12 season, when he netted 17 goals for Fulham.
Last year, he had seven goals and six assists for Tottenham in his first year with the London club, helping them finish fifth in the Premier League and reach the Europa League quarterfinals.
Adding a player of that ilk in the prime of his career as he is striving to lead the U.S. National Team to the 2014 FIFA World Cup came as a bit of a surprise to his new teammates.
"It's crazy. We're really excited to have him here," All-Star and U.S. U-20 defender DeAndre Yedlin said. "It's going to be a really fun experience for him and for the whole team."
In a year that Sounders FC already went through adding a pair of players with stellar careers abroad in Djimi Traore and Obafemi Martins, the addition of Dempsey becomes a cornerstone moment for the club.
Traore came in to the team in preseason while Martins was added after the season started, quickly integrating with his new teammates. He said that while Dempsey will create more competition for playing time, his benefit to players like himself, Eddie Johnson and Lamar Neagle is immeasurable.
"Dempsey's a good player so he's going to be good for me and Eddie and Lamar as well and the other players because we need good players on the team," Martins said. "He's welcome and I hope he's going to do well here."
Even goalkeeper Marcus Hahnemann, who also started his European career at Fulham but never shared the field with Dempsey in England, was wide-eyed at the club's newest addition.
"It's unbelievable to get a player of that quality who is still 30," said goalkeeper Marcus Hahnemann.
The avid outdoorsman then added with a smile, "And I have a new fishing buddy, so I'm excited."
Dempsey will begin training with Sounders FC on Tuesday. Head Coach Sigi Schmid indicated after the match that he should be available when they face Toronto FC at BMO Field on Saturday.


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Senator Klein Proposes Legislation To Significantly Reduce Underage Drinking And Tobacco Purchases By Minors
Senators Jeffrey D. Klein (D-Bronx/Westchester) and Martin Connor (D-Brooklyn/Manhattan), today proposed legislation that would modify existing law to require merchants who sell alcohol or tobacco products to use advanced ID scanner systems to validate driver licenses and non-driver ID cards presented as proof of the buyer's legal age. The original law, which was written and introduced by Senator Klein in 1999, encouraged the use of the scanning devices, however did not require them. The new legislation will make the scanning devices mandatory, and make it easier for merchants to identify counterfeit IDs - thus reducing the occurrence of both underage drinking and tobacco sales to minors.
According to the International Institute for Alcohol Awareness (IIAA), underage drinking alone cost the citizens of New York $3.6 billion in 2001. These costs include medical care, lost productivity, and the pain & suffering associated with the multiple problems and injuries resulting from the use of alcohol by minors.
"As a society, we have an obligation to protect our children from the malignancies associated with underage drinking," said Senator Klein. "Each year 5,000 of our sons, daughters, nieces and nephews under the age of 21, die as a result of underage drinking. This legislation will provide the necessary resources for businesses to prevent many of these senseless deaths." New York ranks 34th highest among the 50 states for the cost per youth of underage drinking. Excluding pain and suffering, the direct costs of underage drinking in New York are estimated at $1.3 billion each year.
Senator Martin Connor added, "most bar and club owners are responsible business persons. This law will protect the public and help end the plague of under aged drinkers that has assaulted our neighborhoods. It gives bar owners the tool they need to diligently uphold the law"
Frank Mandelbaum, Chairman and CEO of Intelli-Check, Inc., the leading provider of age and documentation verification technology, states," We strongly endorse the proposal of Senators Klein and Connor to reduce under-age access to age-restricted products. The best way to assist in preventing under-age drinking and the resulting economic and societal costs, is to stop the sale at the source." Mandelbaum continued, "This proposal would do just that and our technology has proven to be successful in thwarting these sales." Intelli-Check provides identification verification systems to over 2,000 establishments throughout New York State.
In addition to keeping young people safe, the new law will also protect merchants by providing an affirmative defense if they are faced with allegations of illegally selling alcohol or tobacco to a minor. While merchants would not be relieved of their duty to use reasonable diligence, the use of scanners will be accepted as proof that the establishment has the proper procedures in place to prevent sales to underage customers


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Selena Gomez recently received a kidney transplant from television actress, Francia Raisa due to her struggle with lupus, the singer revealed on Thursday.
Gomez confirmed it in an Instagram post on Thursday that she has been somewhat out of the spotlight this summer because she was recovering from the procedure. The 25-year-old calls the transplant "what I needed to do for my overall health."


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Top Linksmain detailsbiographyby votesphoto galleryquotes
Filmographiesby yearby typeby ratingsby votesby TV seriesby genreby keyword
Did You Know?photo galleryquotes
Zane (Character)
from Eagle vs Shark (2007)
Please see the IMDb GetSatisfaction Character announcement for details.
FilmographyEdit Credits
- Eagle vs Shark (2007) Played by Bernard Stewart
Additional Details
Fun Stuff
[Jarrod's family and Lily are all eating dinner together. Jarrod clumsily clinks his fork on his glass to get everybody's attention]
Jarrod: [stands up] Well, I suppose I should say a few words...
Nancy: [interrupting] Why?
Jarrod: [shoots Nancy a look before continuing] Now we're all here, I'd just like to say that I'm really happy that we're all together under the same roof. It's always great to come home. And I'd also like to say that this Saturday I will be having a scheduled fight with Eric Elisi, the Samoan.
Nancy: Oh, yeah. He used to beat you up.
Mason: And me.
Jarrod: [points at Mason] Yeah, and him. He was the toughest guy at our school. He used to pick on quite a few people, actually. Anyway, you're all invited to attend, it'd be great to see you there. Thank you.
Zane: Why are you fighting him, Uncle?
Jarrod: [stands again] Well Zane, basically, I'm gonna restore honour to the family name. To your family name.
See more »
You may correct errors and omissions on this page directly. Clicking the 'Update' button will take you through a step-by-step process.


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OSPI Honors 23 Schools for Outstanding Career and College Readiness Programs
Career guidance programs ensure students are more likely to graduate from high school with a plan for their future
OLYMPIA — March 5, 2014 — Twenty-three schools have earned the Career Guidance Award of Excellence for outstanding work in their college and career readiness programs, the Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI) announced today. Students who have career guidance programs in their schools are more likely to graduate from high school with a specific plan. They are better prepared for success in college.
This year's winners use OSPI's Career Guidance Washington life-planning lessons and activities with middle and high schools. Administrators, counselors and teachers work as a team to promote career and college readiness school-wide. In this model, teachers serve as advisors to help every student make clear, careful, creative plans for life after high school.
"Using system-wide approach, educators have gotten results for students in these award-winning schools," State Superintendent Randy Dorn said. "The data are impressive."
OSPI selected this year's winners based on 2012-13 school year data. These schools have increased their graduation rates and academic rigor. This has led to more students with college-ready transcripts and fewer students in need of remediation once they get to college. . Most of these high implementing schools are in the College Readiness Initiative, a grant program funded by College Spark Washington.
Dorn will honor these schools at a ceremony on March 12, 2014, at 8 am, at ESD 121 in Renton.
More information
About OSPI
The Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI) is the primary agency charged with overseeing K–12 education in Washington state. Led by State School Superintendent Randy Dorn, OSPI works with the state's 295 school districts and nine educational service districts to administer basic education programs and implement education reform on behalf of more than one million public school students.
OSPI provides equal access to all programs and services without discrimination based on sex, race, creed, religion, color, national origin, age, honorably discharged veteran or military status, sexual orientation, gender expression or identity, the presence of any sensory, mental, or physical disability, or the use of a trained dog guide or service animal by a person with a disability. Questions and complaints of alleged discrimination should be directed to the Equity and Civil Rights Director at (360) 725-6162 or P.O. Box 47200, Olympia, WA 98504-7200.
Twitter | Facebook | Flickr
Nathan Olson
OSPI Communications Manager
(360) 725-6015
The OSPI Communications Office serves as the central point of contact for local, regional and national media covering K-12 education issues.
Communications Manager
Nathan Olson
(360) 725-6015
Updated 3/5/2014
Old Capitol Building, PO Box 47200, 600 Washington St. S.E., Olympia, WA 98504-7200 360-725-6000 TTY 360-664-3631
Contact Us | A-Z Index | Site Info | Staff Only | Education Data System (EDS)


text: Well a friend of mine got thise racquet I think it was in his closet so, for what I see its a Wilson Agressor, midsize (85) has colors kind of the Wilson ProStaff 6.0 85 classic, grip 3/4. I play with a Head Microgel Prestige Mid and some day I decided to try this one it has Babolat Duralast 15l stringsat 60lbs. I really like it I have lots of control and power. But my question is, How much does it cost this days??? I think his trying to sell it, and he doesn't know how much to sell it. is it rare? anyone knows the weight? I've been looking on Google, **** etc. and I haven't found any information nothing, not a picture, of this frame please tell me something else. I'll take pic's and post them.:-?


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Dark, dated cartoon comedy with an amazing cast
Reviewer's Bias*
The Show
(On a side note: somehow, despite this show boasting a voice cast I would kill to share a churro with, I had no knowledge of this series' existence until this DVD arrived. Then I put two and two together. A) The show had just seven episodes, and B) my daughter was born that year and reality (along with my awareness of all things pop-culture) was radically altered. Makes me wonder what else I missed that year...)
Anytime you get two guys like Cross and Benjamin together, the results are likely to be entertaining, as well as somewhat disturbing, and when their subject matter is sideshow freaks, that's far more certain on both points. The show follows a team of six freaks, including lead siamese twins Benny and Tuck (Cross and Benjamin), the World's Tallest Nebraskan (Brian Stack), the Bearded Clam (half woman, half clam, all Janeane Garofalo), Italian premature baby Primi (Cross, again) and the Log Cabin Republican (Jon Glaser). Usually they work for the kindly old Hartsdales in their small-town freak show, but when called upon by Pentagon parking attendant Frank Meinkowitz (Todd Barry) to go on some menial mission for the President, they become the super-powered Freak Squad.
(Sorry, another side note: if their team, which is the focus of the show, is called Freak Squad, why is the show called FreakShow? Freak Squad seems to make more sense in describing the show. I'm going to assign the show's short lifespan to this heinous branding error.)
Sent to get nuts for the President or to roll back the odometer on his sweet 1977 Camaro, the Freak Squad invariably screw things up. They just aren't very good at getting things done, individually or as a team. Part of it is their powers, which are kind of pointless, like the twins being able to separate or the World's Tallest Nebraskan's ability to shrink six inches. And for the most part, they don't even use their powers in the course of their adventures, with the exception of the way they can team up, Voltron-style, and form a giant avatar, like Princess Di (who goes on a bloody murder spree) or a threatening black guy. The thing is, these are always hilarious, so it doesn't matter if you have to wait for it to happen.
If it hasn't been made clear by what you've read to this point, this show is strange, peppered with surreal bits (like the Harsdales, who continually confound,) odd cultural references (one episode hinges on the Australian pop-rock band INXS) and exceedingly dark political comedy. The time frame influenced this, as the second half of the Bush presidency was a pretty depressing time for anyone with a non-conservative point of view, and comedians ran with it. Giving the President a team of freaks to act as go-fers opens up plenty of opportunities for political comedy, and the show touched on anything and everything, including foreign policy, corporate greed (in the form of Freak Mart, the hardly-veiled parody of Wal-mart, trying to put the Hartsdales out of business), gay rights, political campaigns and religious strife, which plays out in the two-part finale, culminating in a battle between a giant Jewish messiah made of foreskins and robot Jesus Christ, piloted by Pat Robertson. (Subtle, this show is not.) Sadly, these issues are just as relevant six years later, if not more relevant, though the Bush-focused stuff doesn't resonate as much now.
(Side note, Part Three - Revenge of the Jedi: There is an extended joke in the finale, involving Primi and a mohel, that is so creepy beyond creepy that it actually got uncomfortable to watch. Considering all the over-the-top violence throughout the series, it's amazing that this bit, where you don't even see anything, is the most disturbing of all.)
The animation in the series, done by regular [adult swim] contributor Radical Axis, looks pretty low-budget, coming off like half-hour entries of TV Funhouse, and the somewhat ugly style might turn some people off (it often has for me), but it plays well with the characters, and actually improves as the show rolls on. That doesn't really matter though, because the voices are why you stay, as the cast is an alt-comedy nerd's dream. Beyond the names mentioned above, you've got Will Arnett playing an earlier version of the evil a-hole we've grown to love, Kristen Schaal, Mary Lynn Rajskub, Julie Klausner (who was a writers' assistant on the series), Fred Armisen and Bob Odenkirk (playing one of his characters from Mr. Show.) The show was obviously a labor of love, with many of the cast giving voice to multiple voices, with Cross and Benjamin providing life to what seems like 75 percent of the characters. Thus, if they are you're cup of tea, this is your show to steep in.
The DVDs
The Quality
The Dolby Digital 2.0 tracks deliver your standard basic cable sound, putting everything right down the middle, with no dynamic mixing of any kind. The show is mostly about the dialogue, and that's presented without distortion.
The Extras
The Bottom Line


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Elder Scrolls Online - Editorial @ RPG Slayer
RPG Slayer has posted a new article for Elder Scrolls Online, and calls the game a Bethesda fan's greatest fear. It's not as bad as it sounds so read on.
I've been a fan of the Elder Scrolls franchise since way, way back. I'm talking Morrowind here, with its chunky, square characters, its rigid, stiff voice acting and its curiously loveable charm. And Oblivion – don't get me started on Oblivion – that game took countless hours of my life, completing every guild, every mission, I even quested to find every location – I easily spent a year's worth of gaming in Cyrodil. Not that I would have spent it anywhere else, I mean, what else would I do, socialise?
As of Skyrim, my loyalty to the Elder Scrolls only grows stronger, and I trust Bethesda to keep strong their brilliance in their range of RPG gaming. But, as of 2014 my fidelity to the franchise is wavering, as I remain uncertain and wary of the upcoming hit, The Elder Scrolls Online.
Information aboutElder Scrolls Online
SP/MP: Single + MP
Setting: Fantasy
Genre: MMORPG
Platform: PC
Release: Released


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United States Army Ranger Handbook SH 21-76
Send to friend
United States Army Ranger Handbook (February 2011) From 1756 when Major Robert Rogers organized the Rangers until present day nothing has struck fear into the hearts and minds of the enemy like the realization that U.S. Army Rangers are in the area. Chapters on leadership, missions, movement, patrolling, battle drills, mountaineering. It's all here and much more. 444 pages illustrated. 5.5"x8" Top Bound.


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Perseverance, Surprises and Unintended Consequences
EP Editorial Staff | July 1, 2007
By the time I joined Rentech in 2000, the three Clark TCV 16 engine/compressors compressing hydrogen and nitrogen at our East Dubuque Ammonia Plant had begun experiencing shortened packing life. Packing life on the 4600 psi 3rd and 4th stages—that historically had reached 18 to 24 months—suddenly fell to just three to six months. Excessive ring wear also was observed.
Maintenance personnel at the plant had noticed that the major brand lubricant we were using on these units looked somewhat different than in the past. When questioned about this, the supplier assured us that no changes had been made. As we continued to pursue the problem, the manufacturer later admitted that the formulation had indeed been changed and the diminished performance we were experiencing was unintended and unexpected. Consequently, we began to look for an alternative lubricant.
The first alternative we selected, an independent brand cylinder lubricant, appeared to work well for about a year. Then we encountered another unintended consequence. The oil carried downstream of the compressor was plugging the chillers in the synthesis loop. At that point, we determined that an oil with a lower flock point (temperature at which wax crystals form) was what we really needed.
We opted to go with Royal Purple's NGL-NS synthetic lubricant as it had no flock point and no sulfur that could poison the process catalyst. After just three weeks, however, we experienced a packing failure on a synthesis loop compressor cylinder. A repetitive failure occurred just four weeks later. In all, we had six packing failures over a twoto- three-month period. Then, the failures stopped—just as suddenly as they had begun.
Interestingly, only the packings on the recirculation cylinders of compressors C & B were failing. We sent samples of the failed packings, along with foreign material found in them, to Royal Purple for analysis. Because the oil travels downstream of the compressor, the supplier attributed the failures to the NGL-NS cleaning out 37 years of "stuff" that had accumulated in the loop. We were advised to persevere with the clean-up and to expect that the failures would eventually stop. They did. Our packing life increased to two years. Subsequently, we also changed packing materials, increasing our current life to four years with expectations of six years life.
Each of these engines/compressors has two turbochargers. In summer months, these units would experience pre-ignition problems due to low intake air volume. We would have to reduce the load on the engines in order to operate. At some point in the past, as part of a lubricant consolidation program, our plant had elected to lubricate this equipment with the SAE 40 weight gas engine oils used in the compressors. We were looking for a better bearing lubricant for the turbochargers and elected to try Royal Purple's Parafilm 68. Again, we found ourselves experiencing unintended consequences.
The first unintended consequence was related to the engines being started with compressed air. The air to the engine is automatically shut-off when the turbocharger speed indicates that the engine is running. After changing lubricants, the engines would not start. We determined that the new bearing lubricants had reduced friction in the turbochargers' bearings so significantly that they were spinning up just on the compressed air, and that they no longer needed engine exhaust gas to do so. We had to reset the air cut-off parameters in order to start the engines.
The second unintended consequence was that the preignition problems in the compressors completely went away. The engines could now be run fully loaded yearround while still maintaining a slight open position of the waste gate valves.
Identifying more opportunities
We operate a 2500 hp Elliott turbo expander in our Nitric Acid Plant that is one of only four ever made and the last still in operation. It operates at 16,000 rpm. This unit has always experienced problems with short bearing life and high vibrations. We thought this resulted from the equipment's fabricated case coupled with too much overhung mass on the rotor. At times, the unit would shake the floor grating so violently that it hurt your feet to stand on it. Replacement bearings cost $8000 and would have to be replaced twice a year. The bearing alarms were normallyset based on whatever vibration levels existed after a rebuild. In an effort to reduce vibrations and extend bearing life, we elected to change out the ISO 32 turbine oil to Royal Purple Synfilm 32. We expected to see improvement from this oil change due to the much higher film strength of the Royal Purple lubricant and we were not surprised. Immediately after the oil change bearing vibrations went down from 4 mils to 2.7 mils. Bearing life went from six months to 20 months. Recently we had the rotor balanced, which further reduced the vibrations to 1.2 mils—and is expected to extend bearing life even longer.
Based on these successes, we began to look for even more opportunities to improve machine performance with lubricant upgrades.
Single screw compressor…
We elected to change the oil on a 400 hp Vilter single screw compressor at our two 20,000-ton ammonia storage tanks. This compressor had a number of operational issues. It continually tripped on high temperatures. Valves failed to operate because of oil deposits gumming up the valves. We had excessive make-up oil due to the oil's inability to readily separate from ammonia. In this application, we elected to change out the factory oil for Royal Purple Uni-Temp 300 refrigeration oil. Based on assurances from Royal Purple that we would also achieve substantial energy savings, we installed data loggers on the compressor to record volts and amps. All of the operational issues with the compressor disappeared and we documented a 9% reduction in power consumption.
Mycom ammonia compressor…
Shortly thereafter we changed to Royal Purple oil in the Mycom ammonia compressor serving one of our Nitric Acid Plants. All went well for about a year until we got a water leak in the shell and tube heat exchanger, and unintended consequences recurred. The internals in the compressor rusted and took out the bearings. We also found a black residue in the compressor we believe came from the oil. After a second compressor failure using the new oil, we elected to return to the previous oil as it appeared to have a superior ability to handle wet ammonia.
Rotary screw compressors…
Next we elected to change the oil in our three Sullair rotary screw air compressors to Royal Purple Synfilm. For whatever reason, the larger 400 hp compressor was being lubricated by a major brand multi-purpose mineral oil requiring eight oil changes per year. The two 100 hp compressors were lubricated with a factory synthetic oil with annual oil drains. Being a polyalkaline glycol type oil, the factory oil was incompatible with most other lubricants. Thus, it was necessary for Royal Purple to supply its Royal Flush product to flush the old oil from the compressor before adding new oil. In addition to its price advantages, the new oil has reduced discharge temperatures by 12 F degrees and has extended oil drain intervals via oil analysis to 12,000 hours.
4-stage urea plant compressors…
In April of 2002, we elected to address issues we were having with our two Clark CMB 4-stage compressors in the urea plant. These units, which compress CO2 to 3000 psi, were experiencing excessive cylinder ring wear, packing sealing problems and plugging of the downstream separators. We elected to change the major brand cylinder lubricant to Royal Purple CAP701W ISO 220. This proved to the solution to each of these issues. So again, we looked for other areas where we could improve the performance and reliability of our equipment with lubricant upgrades.
Steam-driven centrifugal compressor…
We also looked at a steam-driven 5000 hp Allis Chalmers centrifugal compressor in Ammonia Chiller Service. The speed increaser gear box (4900 rpm input/12,800 rpm output) was in high vibration alarm. The turbine and gearbox share a common lube sump containing 1200 gallons of ISO 32 turbine oil, so we could not drain and replace the oil because shutting the turbine down meant shutting the plant down. We decided to drain the turbine oil to the lowest level we thought was safe and then we added six drums of Synfilm 32 to the existing oil (27 ½%) hoping to get enough film strength into the oil to bring the vibrations down. It worked. Vibrations were reduced from 0.2 IPS to 0.17 IPS (a 15% reduction), which was below the alarm limits. We ran the turbine until our next scheduled turnaround. We drained and replaced the major brand turbine oil with Parafilm 32 and have run the turbine and gear box without incident for the past five years.
This compressor has a separate oil system for the trapped bushing seal that seals the ammonia into the compressor. Feeling good about our successes, we decided to tackle what we believed was a lubricant related seal problem. The major brand ISO 32 R&O oil we had successfully used for years suddenly became unavailable. We were assured that the supplier's new offering was equally good, but then some of those unintended consequences reared their ugly heads again. What used to be minor carbon deposits found in the seal at turnaround became significant carbon deposits on the seal—which caused premature seal failure and plant shutdown. We consulted with Royal Purple about a replacement oil and began a new round of unintended consequences.
First we tried Synfilm which didn't separate well enough from ammonia. To overcome this we changed to Uni-Temp, which we knew separated rapidly from ammonia, but its high solvency began to aggressively clean up deposits from the seal system that were carried to the seals—again causing premature seal failure. Finally, we changed to Royal Purple Barrier Fluid FDA 56, which solved the problem once and for all. That's because this product does not have the cleaning abilities of the Unitemp. In this case, we felt it simply was better to leave whatever "stuff" was in the system alone.
150 pumps…
We operate over 150 pumps at the East Dubuque Ammonia plant, all of which had been lubricated by an ATF fluid. A little over a year after changing these pumps over to Synfilm, it occurred to us that we had not experienced a single bearing failure since the move. Even now, we seldom see bearing failures on these pumps—the few problems we do have are usually seal failures.
The road to success
Today our plant is running better than at any time in its 40+ year history. Budget trends are down and equipment availability is up. We are currently at two-year turnaround intervals and feel we could easily go to three. Though it may have started as an accidental journey, we have learned that good lubrication is key to reliability and good lubrication begins with optimum lubricant selection. We also learned that solutions are not always obvious and that patience and perseverance are required in order to stay the course to some solutions.
Sometimes we wound up having to take two steps back before being able to take three forward. We also learned that there is no such thing as a magic bullet—or magic oil. For many applications we see no advantage in using anything but traditional lubricants. For many others, the benefits vastly exceed the cost of premium performing lubricants.
One thing is certain, however. We no longer look at lubricants as an expense. Instead we look at lubricant selection as an opportunity to maximize productivity and profits.
Lance Wilkinson is maintenance superintendent/technical manager with Rentech Energy Midwest, in East Dubuque, IL. He has extensive experience in the Petro-Chemical Industry, including 21 years in engineering, seven years as a craftsman and supervisor and three years as a machinist. Wilkinson holds a BSME from the University of Texas at Austin. E-mail:email@example.com


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AAO image reference AATCCD 4. « Previous || Next »
Top left is NE. Image width is about 7 arc min
Image and text © 1999-2002, Australian Astronomical Observatory, Photograph by S. Lee, C. Tinney and D. Malin.
In the direction of Sagittarius lies the Galactic center and if we could see clearly in that direction the field of view would be filled with myriad stars. But the plane of the Galaxy is very dusty so a direct view is not possible at visible wavelengths. Most of the dust absorbs light, so is dark, but here and there there is some light from embedded stars.
This dusty region is probably associated with the brighter and better-known Lagoon and Trifid Nebulae which are nearby in the sky and part of the same complex of dusty clouds. The soft red glow emitted by fluorescent hydrogen reveals that there are young hot stars associated with the dust. These bright stars also illuminate the tiny solid particles that absorb the light, producing blue reflection nebulae bordering some of the emission regions. The dust is also evident in silhouette as sinuous dark lanes and isolated patches.
Entry from NGC 2000.0 (R.W. Sinnott, Ed.) © Sky Publishing Corporation, 1988:
NGC 6559 Nb 18 10.0 -24 06 s Sgr 8. vF, vL, lE, ** invRelated Images
UKS 3. NGC 6559 and IC 1274-75 in Sagittarius
UKS 26. M8, M20 and the NGC 6559 region in Sagittarius
UKS 26a. M8, M20 and the NGC 6559 region in Sagittarius (wide field)
For details of object position and photographic exposure, search technical table by UKS reference number.
|galaxies | emission neb. | reflection neb. | dark neb. | planetaries | clusters | stars | supernovae
|50 Favorites | Messier objects | DMI | Repro conditions | AAO images page | AAO site overview


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With the hundreds of submissions flooding community news site Reddit every hour, there are very few options that help you manage all that information better than a standard web browser.
Well, at least two Reddit users want to change that with the creation of Reditr, a Tweetdeck-like desktop app that arranges the user-submitted news posts into a wall of information.
Tweetdeck works by arranging a Twitter user's various streams of information in vertical columns that sit side-by-side. And Reditr does pretty much the same thing for Reddit content. The first main column you'll see when pulling up the desktop app is a column for all the popular submissions from subreddits (aka the different categories of news on Reddit) you're subscribed to. You can even choose how you'd like those submissions shorted (Hot, Top, New, Controversial) by clicking a button at the top of the column.
By default, each individual subreddit you're subscribed to is displayed in its own column, which you can access through a set of numbers at the top of the screen. (See screenshots below.) You can change the position of the subreddit columns, delete columns you don't want, and create new ones. Each column also allows you to find certain submissions using a filter and to set custom rules for when you log onto the app.
Clicking on a submission brings up its own page that displays content in its own custom reader, with comments listed below the reader itself. Part of me wishes it had a built-in browser function, as I usually only toggle on a reader-mode if the site's advertising or load time prevents me from actually viewing the content.
Reditr has lots of customization features, including the ability to set hot keys, set the width of each column, change the background color, and more. It's also a fully functional Reddit client that allows you to vote on submission and comments, check and reply to messages, save content, and more.
Overall, is a pretty ambitious project, and one that could come in handy for people who routinely consume all the popular submissions on a lazy afternoon.
As for the Reditr project itself, it was created by Dimitry Vinogradov and David Zorychta back in April. The desktop app, which is currently supported through donations, is available for OS X, Windows, and Ubuntu Linux. I've emailed the developers for more information, and will update the post with anything new.
Check out a gallery of screenshots below showing the Reditr app in action.


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Inspirational Sayings
Sayings For Easter CardsThoughtful inspirational sayings for Easter cards that you can use for those cards you send to your friends, relatives or other faithful people that you welcome to your home. These inspirational Easter verses are also suitable for inclusion in church bulletins at this special time of year.
|<< Inspirational Sayings
but it won't stay there.
Clarence W. Hall
The joyful news that He is risen does not change the contemporary world. Still before us lie work, discipline, sacrifice. But the fact of Easter gives us the spiritual power to do the work, accept the discipline, and make the sacrifice.
Easter is not a time for groping through dusty, musty tomes or tombs to disprove spontaneous generation or even to prove life eternal. It is a day to fan the ashes of dead hope, a day to banish doubts and seek the slopes where the sun is rising, to revel in the faith which transports us out of ourselves and the dead past into the vast and inviting unknown.
God expects from men something more than at such times, and that it were much to be wished for the credit of their religion as well as the satisfaction of their conscience that their Easter devotions would in some measure come up to their Easter dress.
Easter says you can put truth in a grave, but it won't stay there.
Easter spells out beauty, the rare beauty of new life.
Let the resurrection joy lift us from loneliness and weakness and despair to strength and beauty and happiness.
The cross of Christ shows us that God's love is of deepest descent...universal distribution and of eternal duration.
The cross is the victory, the resurrection is the triumph.
Comment or Share Your Own
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A man was struck and killed by a hit and run driver in Queens Saturday morning, police said.
According to authorities, a 2007 Toyota Rav4 was traveling southbound on 164th Street near Booth Memorial Avenue when the car jumped the curb and struck a pedestrian.
The man, whose identity has not been released, was pronounced dead at the scene.
No arrests have been made and an investigation is ongoing.
Published at 2:21 PM EDT on Oct 20, 2012


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Celebrate perfume for Women by Coty
8 out of 10 based on 1 ratings
|Design House
|Fragrance Gender
|Women's Fragrance
|Year Introduced
|Available Types
|Bottle Designer
|Scent Classification
|Citrus Aromatic
|Fragrance Notes
Popularity Total Hits: 14580
Voting Results
Scent Sillage: moderate
based on 1 users opinions
Scent Longevity: 3-6 hours
based on 1 users opinions
Season: summer
based on 1 users opinions
Audience: 19-25
based on 1 users opinions
Occasion: day
based on 1 users opinions
Celebrate Coty - Description
Fragrance Celebrate perfume for Women by Coty was introduced in 1996. Coty Celebrate is classified as Citrus Aromatic fragrance. Scent notes of Celebrate Coty include top notes of hesperidium fruits, middle notes of hesperidium fruits, foliage and base notes of foliage.
Celebrate perfume for Women by Coty 8 out of 10 based on 1 ratings and 1 user reviews. In stock From $7.99 to $14.99 based on 2+ offers.
Celebrate Coty - Full Story
Disclaimer: We can not guarantee that the information on this page is 100% correct. Read more.. [show/hide]
Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the information on this site is as accurate as possible, PerfumeMaster.org cannot be held responsible for any inaccuracies or consequences arising out of the use of this site.
This page contains information, reviews, perfume notes, pictures, ads, vintage posters and videos about Celebrate perfume for Women by Coty but we do not warrant accuracy of information. If you have more information about Celebrate perfume for Women by Coty, you can expand it by adding a personal fragrance review.
Additionally, you may find hyperlinks to 3rd party web-sites On-line Internet stores, however PerfumeMaster.org has no access or control over those websites. We do not provide warranties neither accept responsibility for what you might find as a result of these links, or for any future consequences including but not limited to money loss. User reviews of Celebrate perfume for Women by Coty represent views of individual site users only and do not represent PerfumeMaster.org views.
Celebrate Coty - User Opinions and Reviews
Date Added: 07/08/2015Have been loving and wearing Coty Celebrate perfume for a long time now.. this is my everyday casual aroma.. first thing after shower is two squirts of this and off i run to my daily work.. pleasant casual easy to wear...by Alice
Total User Opinions: 1
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> Android-themes > Earth HD v0.9.3
Earth HD v0.9.3
Version: 0.9.3
A theme of the earth andros theme.
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This product is no longer available.
You can try these similar gifts instead.
Classic Spindleabra
Some people can see bits of leftover handrail or a broken chair and visualize a candle holder. Not sure how they do that, but it makes for interesting decor choices. Vintage spindles are reworked into this decorative design.


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Kiwa is accredited by UKAS for verification of greenhouse gas emissions for compliance with the EU ETS and the UK CCA.
We are also accredited to verify your emissions if you have a UK Climate Change Agreement (UK CCA).
c:sense verification, our formal UKAS accredited verification service, is a niche product for stationary installation and aviation operators requiring their EU ETS emissions reports to be verified.
Companies and organisations wanting to comply with EU ETS regulations.
This will also enable you to:
Installations within the scope of the EU ETS are required to report their verified annual emissions by 31st March each year.
Installations with UK Climate Change Agreements may be required to report their verified emissions to their sector association at dates specified within their agreements.
We recommend that operators contract a verifier well in advance of the reporting deadline, and preferably in Quarter 4 of the reporting year. This ensures there is adequate time to complete the compliance and data audits, and highlight any deficiencies.
Although ever conscious of the need to adapt the verification process to fit in with our clients specific business needs, there are a number of key milestones along the road to successful verification that are worth mentioning:
Final VOS sent to operator who forwards to the Regulator . Operator proposes annual emissions total onto the Registry and verifier confirms total. Operator surrenders equivalent carbon allowances into compliance account.
Kiwa c:sense is UKAS accredited to ISO 14065:2013 to provide greenhouse gas verification, under the EU ETS and the UK CCA. Our personnel have had decades of experience in auditing, verification and certification.
We offer accredited verification of greenhouse gas emissions to enable aviation operators to comply with the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS).
c:sense verification, our formal UKAS accredited ver...


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Shooting incident being probed
State police at Frackville are investigating a shooting incident that occurred at a residence in East Brunswick Township, Schuylkill County.
Troopers said Jay Linard, 175 River Road, New Ringgold, discovered five small caliber bullet holes in the wooden siding and the wooden hand rail of a deck on his residence. Troopers did not list a time or date when the bullets holes were found.


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Passive components address thermal and reliability issues for auto apps
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As the electronics content in the automotive industry continues on its steady upward climb, passive component manufacturers are responding to the industry's need for higher performing capacitors, inductors and resistors with the roll out of several new product developments over the past year.
By using any combination of new processes, materials or technologies, component manufacturers such as AVX, EPCOS, IRC, Perllo, Stackpole, Vishay and Welwyn have addressed several key component concerns in the auto industry including thermal issues and reliability. They are also making big strides in the development of lead-free components.
When it comes to automotive applications, cooler operation is a top priority. TT electronics IRC Wirewound and Film Technologies Division, for example, said its new OAR and OARS series of precision current sense resistors offer high dissipation and cooler operation for automotive subsystems. Both lines feature a unique form factor of the copper leads that keeps the resistors "hot spot" off the PC-board for better air circulation around the devices. (Search www.eeProductCenter.com for article ID: 18401066)
The company also notes that although the OARS series resistors are only rated for 1W at 85°C, automotive customers have successfully increased the device's heat dissipation to as high as 4 watts by using high temperature solder, ceramic or metal substrates or extra copper on the PC-board landing pads. They are also capable of handling surge currents higher than conventional resistors.
Similarly, Stackpole Electronics said its new BR series of open air current sense resistors for motor control and power regulation applications features a resistive element with a unique off the board design that keeps the resistor's "hot spot" off the PC-board and allows air to circulate around it, contributing to cooler operation. (Search www.eeproductcenter for article ID: 159402971)
Responding to thermal performance concerns, AVX Corp. has developed a unique soft termination layer system (Search www.eeproductcenter for article IDs: 18400642 and 60407841) for its multilayer ceramic chip capacitors (MLCCs) that improves temperature cycling performance and reduces failures associated with mechanical board flexure, which makes these devices more than suitable for use in harsh automotive applications particularly in the engine compartment.
Also developed for harsh automotive environments, TT electronics' Welwyn Components Division claims it has developed the highest power surface-mount resistor that can handle these severe conditions. (Search www.eeproductcenter for article ID: 18402631). The WA80Z series also resolves thermal management problems, and will fuse safely under fault conditions. Similar to IRC and Stackpole designs, this device incorporates a lead configuration design that raises the resistor off the PC-board for better heat dissipation.
Withstanding high vibration is another critical area for auto applications, EPCOS's B41605 and B41607 aluminum electrolytic capacitors feature high vibrational strength and maximum ripple current capability at high temperatures and frequencies. The company attributes these characteristics to its special corrugated design which has passed all vibration tests up to 30 g and 2 kHz, even after prolonged thermal stress over 2,000 hours at 125°C. (Search www.eeproductcenter for article ID: 49900372)
In critical safety applications, TT electronics IRC Wirewound and Film Technologies Division has designed a new series of rugged surge resistors to manage overloads in motor control circuits for automotive and industrial applications. The HSF resistors also provide excellent heat dissipation and a higher surge/pulse capability with its cylindrical design. They can be used in harsh environments where heat and vibration are trouble spots. (Search www.eeproductcenter for article ID: 29100187)
Passive component manufacturers are also focused on complying with the European Union's Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive. In addition to its lead-free status, the new Vishay Beyschlag ACAC 0612 precision series and ACAC 0612 professional series resistor arrays are designed for applications that demand high component densities and stable resistor performance. (Search www.eeproductcenter for article ID: 60402608)
For inductors, Vishay offers a new IHLP inductor with a 100% lead-free construction. These tough devices are also resistant to moisture, salt, and chemicals, which make the new low-profile, high-current IHLP inductor suitable for automotive applications and other extreme environments. In addition, a molded construction gives IHLP devices a higher dielectric withstanding voltage that allows for enhanced protection against electrical shock, and the flame-retardant encapsulant provides resistance to corrosion and moisture. (Search www.eeproductcenter for article ID: 56200537)
Similarly, Perllo Technologies LLC and manufacturing partner ECM Electronics Ltd. have introduced a new ECxxC series of lead-free power inductors for automotive and industrial control applications. These devices tout better reflow solderability and higher current handling capability. (Search www.eeproductcenter for article ID: 60403491)


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Listed as: Theatre Organisation
01225 480079103 Walcot Street, BATH, SOMERSET
see our website and especially http://archive.bathfringe.co.uk/past/
for some more idea of what we do.
For suggestions about performing in the Fringe, see http://www.bathfringe.co.uk/page.php?pageid=71
or you can sign onto our mailing list, and as well as programme information, we'll send you details of when the programme process begins, Open Meetings, etc.
If you're interested in helping out, read http://www.bathfringe.co.uk/page.php?pageid=67
- and sign onto the list as well!
First call-outs for Bath Fringe 2018Mission Theatre call-out: The Fringe 2018 process has already started over at The Mission Theatre, ...


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Want to build a bird box?
12:12pm Thursday 19th April 2012
12:12pm Thursday 19th April 2012
EVER wondered how to build a bird box?
Here's your big chance... St Helens Council's Rangers are linking with the Friends of St Helens Cemetery on Sunday, April 22 to show people how to construct one..
There'll be two sessions at the cemetery – starting at 10.30am and 2.30pm – after which you'll either be able to take your box home, or have it hung on one of the trees in the cemetery. Each box placed in the cemetery will be numbered so its owner can track it down later.
All age groups are welcome, with all materials provided for a small cost of £4.
FOR further details contact email@example.com or Ted Forsyth on: 0776 9697981.
© Copyright 2001-2017 Newsquest Media Group


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Image copyright:
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Very, very lovely puzzle but don't understand why 7 times more solves for this one than the other mysterious, thought provoking and fun potato chip puzzle. Both really good. Thanks.


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Artist description:
No description entered.
Flash Draw Created Feb 05, 2007 470 x 338px Unless noted Copyright 2007 hentai.
We encourage you to submit a comment and let the artist know what you think of this drawing. Please log in or join to post a comment.
Post a comment
Ooooooh yes... this perfect :)))))
i cant discribe this drawing its so good
Hentai it`s a very good drawing!(by the way it`s a very tender flower) :))
I thought you're going to draw the leeches :) very nice drawing
Thats look like wallpers in windows, but i not know good. Cudne :]
Those clouds are awesome, I love this picture
beautiful drawing
lovely drawing =3
grate_U :D just to lay there ahh :) cudo :)


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Hardy sits with back spasms, may return Saturday
By Brittany Ghiroli / MLB.com
DETROIT -- Shortstop J.J. Hardy was not in Friday's starting lineup, as he's dealing with "light lower back spasms" and was held out for precautionary reasons.
"[We just] had a lot of things with the flight, the sleep, the weather, we didn't want it to turn into something else," manager Buck Showalter said of Hardy, who arrived in Detroit along with the rest of the team around 3:30 a.m. ET. "I was considering it anyway."
Hardy said he had been playing with the light spasms for the past two games and expected to be back in Saturday's lineup. Showalter said he had already written out the lineup with Hardy back at shortstop.
Ryan Flaherty got the start in Hardy's place, with Jonathan Schoop moving to third base and Steve Lombardozzi at second against his former club. Showalter relied on infield coach Bobby Dickerson's input with regard to where to slot each guy in order to set up the strongest possible defense.
Steve Clevenger got his first start of the season at catcher, which was the plan all along since Showalter didn't want him to sit for too long, and Matt Wieters caught on Thursday night.
Gausman makes first start for Norfolk
DETROIT -- Kevin Gausman made his first start for Norfolk on Friday night.
Gausman, the Orioles' No. 2 prospect, was scratched Thursday night with with the possibility that he could be the O's extra player if there was a doubleheader in Detroit on Saturday.
Gausman threw 71 pitches (44 strikes) in 4 2/3 innings. He did not allow a run, yielding three hits and walking two and striking out six.
Lefty T.J. McFarland had his start pushed back a day and will go on Sunday in Norfolk, following Steve Johnson. This allows the Orioles to space out their options, so they don't get into a situation where both Gausman and McFarland are unavailable to help the big league club.
Worth noting
• Manny Machado (knee) did functional baseball activities Thursday including some running. According to Friday's report, he felt good following the workout.
• Johan Santana had a 35-pitch side session on Friday, using all his pitches, and will throw a "situational" bullpen on Monday.
• Dylan Bundy also threw a 30-pitch side session at the team's complex in Sarasota, Fla.
• Francisco Peguero (wrist) is getting ready to start a hitting program next week, likely on Monday.
Brittany Ghiroli is a reporter for MLB.com. Read her blog, Britt's Bird Watch, and follow her on Facebook and Twitter @britt_ghiroli. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


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Barrett's Esophagus (cont.)
Jay W. Marks, MD
Jay W. Marks, MD, is a board-certified internist and gastroenterologist. He graduated from Yale University School of Medicine and trained in internal medicine and gastroenterology at UCLA/Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles.
In this Article
- Barrett's esophagus facts
- What is Barrett's esophagus?
- Why is there so much interest in Barrett's esophagus?
- What causes Barrett's esophagus?
- Who develops Barrett's esophagus?
- What is the specific abnormality in the inner lining (epithelium) of Barrett's esophagus?
- What about the cancer that occurs in Barrett's esophagus?
- What is dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus?
- What is the risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the esophagus in Barrett's?
- What are the symptoms of Barrett's esophagus?
- How is GERD with or without Barrett's esophagus treated?
- Why is it important to screen patients with GERD to diagnose Barrett's esophagus?
- Why is it critical to be accurate in the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus?
- What does endoscopic biopsy surveillance in Barrett's esophagus involve?
- How is high grade dysplasia managed?
- How is low grade dysplasia managed?
- What are the experimental approaches for treatment of high grade dysplasia?
- What experimental options are there for Barrett's esophagus WITHOUT dysplasia?
- What does the future hold for Barrett's esophagus?
- Find a local Gastroenterologist in your town
Who develops Barrett's esophagus?
A significant percentage of individuals with chronic symptoms of GERD develop Barrett's esophagus, and it is most common in Caucasian male populations. Not everyone with GERD has symptoms of GERD, however. Therefore, some people with Barrett's are unaware that they have Barrett's because they have GERD without any symptoms at all or have very mild and infrequent symptoms.
It is unclear why Barrett's esophagus is so overwhelmingly more common in white males than in any other group. For example, although women and African-Americans do not seem to be protected from developing GERD, they are largely protected (especially African-Americans) from developing Barrett's esophagus and Barrett's cancer (adenocarcinoma). There is evidence that in the western hemisphere, esophageal cancer and cancer of the gastroesophageal junction (called cardia cancer) are increasing in frequency, perhaps more so than any other gastrointestinal tract cancer. (However, colon cancer is still very much more common than esophageal cancer.)
Barrett's esophagus may run in some families and be genetically determined. Studies are underway to determine if any genes or markers can be found in these families that would predict the development of Barrett's esophagus in the general population. In these families with Barrett's as well as with Barrett's in the general population, GERD is the common denominator. However, the question is why the Barrett's occurs more commonly in these families than in others with comparably severe GERD, but with no family association.
What is the specific abnormality in the inner lining (epithelium) of Barrett's esophagus?
To repeat, the first criterion for the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus is the finding at endoscopy of a pink lining in the esophagus where it is normally not seen. This abnormal lining may appear circumferentially like a band, tongue-like or as islands. The second criterion is that biopsies from the pink lining reveal the characteristic intestinalized mucosa (the lining normally seen in the intestines) with the typical goblet cells. The esophageal biopsies are obtained during an endoscopy. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is a procedure in which the doctor inserts a long flexible tube (endoscope) through the mouth and down into the esophagus to directly visualize the lining of the esophagus. During the same endoscopic examination, the stomach and duodenum also can be visualized. Multiple small samples (biopsies) of the lining epithelial tissue can be obtained through the endoscope.
Intestinal metaplasia
As mentioned previously, the process of the replacement of one type of tissue lining by another is called metaplasia. In the stomach and intestines, metaplasia is a common response to certain types of injury. As Henry Appelman, a pathologist, stated: "When the gut is under stress it wants to be something else." Other examples of metaplasia in which one lining replaces another are: (1) in the stomach where chronic inflammation (gastritis) may result in an intestinal-type lining replacing parts of the normal stomach lining; and (2) in the duodenum (just beyond the stomach in the intestine) where peptic ulcers occur and the intestinal lining surrounding the ulcer transforms into stomach-type lining.
We believe that the process of metaplasia is a protective or adaptive response to injury of the lining. However, the downside of metaplasia is that in Barrett's esophagus, it carries a small but definite increase in the risk of becoming cancerous. Not all metaplasias have an increased risk of cancer. For example, of the two metaplasias referred to in the previous paragraph, intestinal metaplasia in the stomach can lead to cancer, but intestinal metaplasia in the duodenum does not.
The process of developing Barrett's begins at the junction of the stomach and esophageal linings. The esophagus normally is lined by a squamous epithelium or lining layer. This squamous epithelium has a pearly white appearance, whereas the lining in the stomach and intestines has a more salmon pink color because it is a columnar epithelium rather than a squamous epithelium. The squamous epithelium is made up of flat squamous cells, which are similar to skin cells. The stomach or gastric lining consists of taller columnar cells as seen under the microscope. The junction of the squamous epithelium of the esophagus and the gastric columnar epithelium occurs at the junction of the esophagus and stomach where, as you recall, the lower esophageal sphincter is located. The common border (interface) of these two linings is often referred to as the Z line, because when examined during an endoscopy, it has a zig zag appearance.
With progressive injury to the esophagus, metaplasia occurs and the metaplastic tissue moves up the esophagus for a distance which varies from person to person, usually from about 0.5 to 2.5 inches (about 1 to 6 centimeters). The type of cell that gives rise to the metaplastic tissue is not known.
Barrett's esophagus often is categorized into short- or long-segment Barrett's, based on the length of the esophagus that is affected. Short segment Barrett's generally refers to involvement of 3 centimeters or less while long segment means involvement of more than 3 centimeters of the esophagus. Interestingly, once Barrett's esophagus is diagnosed in a patient, the metaplastic lining does not seem to progress further up into the esophagus if the patient is being treated for GERD. Thus, over time, the length of involvement with Barrett's generally remains the same.
Intestinal metaplasia of the Z line (gastroesophageal junction) without visible Barrett's
If biopsies are taken from patients with GERD who have a normal appearing Z line (no visible evidence of Barrett's esophagus), up to 30% will show the same intestinal type metaplasia with goblet cells as those that are seen in Barrett's esophagus. However, we do not routinely biopsy normal appearing Z lines to look for this change, nor do we do surveillance when we find it there. The reason is that limited intestinal metaplasia of the gastroesophageal junction region in GERD seems to occur with similar frequency in women and African Americans as in white men, yet the risk of overt Barrett's esophagus is much less than in white men.
Therefore, the presence of metaplasia on a routine biopsy of a normal appearing Z line in GERD should not lead to any change in management. What's more, the finding of goblet cells in this context should not be labeled, as some have suggested, as ultrashort segment Barrett's. The main reason for not labeling it as Barrett's is that the term Barrett's implies an increased risk of cancer, and there is no evidence that this finding is associated with an increased cancer risk.
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