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Phenomenal Excitement for a circulated 1870-S Dollar
Filed Under: Auction News, US Coins
By Greg Reynolds for CoinLink
In the Stack's auction of Oct. 16th & 17th in New York City, four of the coins sold are Great Rarities. As extensively covered already on CoinLink, a PCGS certified Proof-64 1894-S dime realized $1,552,500, an auction record for a dime. Before the auction, I wrote a preview article regarding the 1876-CC Twenty Cent piece, PCGS graded MS-64, which was sold for $350,750, another auction record!
An upcoming article will be devoted to Kellogg $50 gold coins, and will include coverage of the one that Stack's sold on Oct. 16. The topic here is the sale of an 1870-S Liberty Seated silver dollar on Oct. 17. The Stack's cataloguer graded it as "Very Fine-20." It is generally accepted that this 1870-S dollar has never been submitted to either the Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS) or the Numismatic Guaranty Corp. (NGC) for grading and encapsulation.
Also, it is widely believed to be the 1870-S silver dollar that was formerly in the epic collection of King Farouk, who was the Egyptian monarch from the mid 1930s to July 1952. Bidding for the Farouk 1870-S Liberty Seated Dollar on Oct. 17 was intense and joyful.
In order to put the dollar amounts involved in perspective, it is necessary to discuss the values of other 1870-S dollars, and the reasons why potential buyers are willing to pay particular amounts. Yes, there are logical reasons for coin prices.
Only nine 1870-S silver dollars are truly known to exist. There are highly questionable rumors regarding the existence of two others.
The Rudolph-James A. Stack, Norweb and Eliasberg pieces are the three finest known, and stand well above the other six. The finest known Rudolph-James Stack piece was auctioned by Stack's for $1,092,500 in May 2003. When it sold for $462,000 in March 1995, most onlookers were stunned. The Norweb piece, the second finest, had realized $126,500 in Nov. 1988. According to the CU-PCGS index, markets for rare coins were stronger in 1988 than in 2005. It is true, though, that during the period from 1988 to 1991, most of the intense action in coin markets related to coins that graded 65 or higher. There was then minimal interest in coins that grade less than 63. Trends change.
The Rudolf-James A. Stack 1870-S was PCGS graded MS-62 by 2004. At least since July 2004, it has been owned by the collector who refers to himself as 'TradeDollarNut.' He paid more than the $1,092,500 that it realized at the May 2003 Rudolph auction. If it qualifies for a 62 grade, it barely does. Though weakly struck, it has excellent, reflective original surfaces, and is an attractive coin, with minimal technical imperfections.
After Nov. 1988 and before Jan. 1996, the Norweb 1870-S was graded AU-58 by NGC, which I thought was fair. Only the following numbers are used for Almost Uncirculated grades: 50, 53, 55 and 58. Even so, from my perspective, the Rudolph-James A. Stack piece could be analytically graded 59 and the Norweb piece should be graded 57.5.
The Norweb piece is my favorite 1870-S dollar. I very much like the detail, color, and overall appearance of the coin, assuming its appearance has not changed since the last time that I saw it. It could be logically argued, however, that the Rudolph-James A. Stack 1870-S is of significantly higher quality than the Norweb 1870-S. There will never be unanimous agreement regarding the grades of coins.
The Eliasberg piece is now PCGS graded AU-53. It was formerly NGC graded AU-50. Charles Browne reports that he graded it as "EF-45" at the Eliasberg '97 event, as did I. Grading standards have loosened over the last ten years. Moreover, it had the sharpness of an AU-53 or -55, even in 1997. The Eliasberg collection cataloguer's 45 to 50 grade (47.5?) was probably a 'net grade' where imperfections, contact marks and other factors are considered, along with the extent of wear, in determining an overall, single numerical grade. Grading is not easy. If the Eliasberg 1870-S still looks like it did in 1997, then the current AU-53 certified grade is certainly fair. It has minimal wear and attractive toning, and is a very appealing coin overall.
The Eliasberg 1870-S dollar showed up at the 2007 ANA convention in Wisconsin. Steve Contursi spotted it, and knew immediately that he wanted it. Contursi's firm and Stanford Coin & Bullion jointly acquired the Eliasberg 1870-S, and these two firms continue to jointly own it. The Eliasberg 1870-S has not sold at auction since the Eliasberg '97 sale.
Before the Farouk piece sold on Oct. 17, the last 1870-S dollar to sell at auction, and the only one to do in many years, is the Richmond-Lee-Ostheimer piece. At DLRC's Richmond II sale on November 29, 2004, in Baltimore, it realized $414,000. Jack Lee was the successful bidder.
The Richmond-Lee 1870-S has several, long, noticeable scratches and quite a few shorter ones, though I really like that coin. It has pleasant toning, a rich, medium-gray color. Under 5-times magnification, very few contact marks can be seen. It is much more sharply struck than the Rudolph-James A. Stack 1870-S. It is soothing overall.
The Richmond-Lee-Ostheimer 1870-S was NGC graded EF-40 at the Richmond II sale, and 'crossed over' and became PCGS graded EF-40 less than a year afterwards. Perhaps PCGS and NGC graders acknowledge that it has the sharpness of an EF-45 to AU-50 coin, but is downgraded to 40 because of the long scratches? These scratches did not upset me.
David Schweitz views the Farouk 1870-S as having "much more eye appeal" than the Richmond-Lee 1870-S. He is bothered, much more than I am, by the scratches on the Richmond Lee 1870-S.
Of the nine known 1870-S dollars, I have examined six, and I have repeatedly read that the Eureka 1870-S has extensive scratches and contact marks. None of these seven is a superb coin. All have some imperfections that are at least mildly irritating, and the Carter-French and Boyd-Cass pieces have very serious problems. The Carter-French 1870-S dollar, though, is attractive in an odd way, and might someday represent a good price value, given the megabucks that the better pieces command.
My impression of the Farouk 1870-S is very positive. Matt Kleinsteuber, a grader and trader for NFC coins, is more enthusiastic about this coin than I am. Matt exclaimed, "I love this dollar." He adds that it was probably "lightly cleaned, very, very long ago." On the whole, Kleinsteuber views it as "a beautiful, mostly original coin"!
Charles Browne put forth a contrasting view. Browne declares that "I would agree with the opinion of the cataloguer in calling it a VF-20, but I think it just makes it when the old cleaning [is taken] into consideration. If it were a common date coin in any auction, I would not even give it the time of day. Two seconds in my hand and I would pass. That is just my way of dealing with cleaned material." A Connecticut dealer also expressed some reservations about the Farouk 1870-S.
In my view, the Farouk 1870-S is a really neat coin. On the whole, the coin was very lightly cleaned more than a half-century ago, maybe even a whole century in the past. Some small areas of the coin have been moderately, or maybe a little more than moderately, cleaned. There were a couple of very small cleaned areas that I could not quite figure out, but these were not distracting. I admit that I employed a 5-times magnifying glass just briefly when viewing the Farouk 1870-S, and I did not use a more powerful glass. At the time, it did not occur to me that I might have missed something.
I certainly do not expect Very Fine grade Liberty Seated Dollars to have flawless surfaces. It was my impression that this 1870-S is of higher quality than many Very Fine grade Liberty Seated dollars of any date! It has even wear, very few contact marks, very light rim imperfections, and no serious problems that I noticed. Moreover, it has naturally retoned a dusky-gray color that I find to be desirable. The Farouk 1870-S is appealing for its grade, which I take to be Very Fine-25.
Though the Rudolph-JAS, Norweb, Eliasberg and Richmond-Lee 1870-S dollars all rank above this one, in my view, this Farouk 1870-S is much more desirable than three others. It is highly plausible that this Farouk 1870-S is of higher quality than the Wolfson-Miles 1870-S. If so, it could be the fifth finest known.
There are hundreds of people who collect Liberty Seated dollars 'by date,' and this 1870-S would be a wonderful addition to a set. It is unsurprising that several bidders, or the buyers they represented, were so enthusiastic and were willing to pay far more than the values indicated in price guides.
The PCGS price guide values an 1870-S in VF grade at $200,000, while the Numismedia price guide indicates $300,000, a curious difference. Charles Browne stated that "most price guides have generally underestimated the market values of better date Liberty Seated coins, especially of mintmarked dollars." Browne is a grader and market analyst. He has more than thirty years of experience at major auctions and shows, and as a grader at PCGS.
I have described how the Farouk piece fits into the condition rankings for 1870-S dollars. Additionally, past auction prices for other 1870-S dollars have been cited, along with the characteristics of the respective coins. Even with all this information and more, it would have been hard to estimate the auction result for this coin. At the event, my sense was that the participants and observers really did not know what to expect.
For the Farouk 1870-S, bidding opened at $230,000. At least six participants were in the running as the level rose from around $250,000 to more than $275,000. A Southern dealer bid $322,000. John Kraljevich bid $345,000, though not for his own account.
Three or four paddles were up as the level reached $414,000, the previous result for the Richmond-Lee EF-40 grade 1870-S dollar. I was already fascinated that the price had surpassed the $400,000 level.
Bill Nagle certainly bid $437,000. Two others bid $460,000. David Schweitz indicated $506,000, perhaps a record for any U.S. silver coin that grades Very Fine or lower? Undeterred, Nagle sprang right back with a $529,000 bid. Schweitz then captured the piece with a bid of $552,000.
Schweitz reports that he was not representing anyone else. The Farouk 1870-S coin is now entirely his.
Is the result logical? The 1870-S is clearly the rarest business strike silver dollar. Further, it is rarer than the Proof-only 1804 dollar, of which fifteen are known.
There is some debate as to whether the 1866 'No Motto' dollar is a true coin, or falls into the category of patterns, broadly defined. In late 2004, I wrote an article for a leading coin newspaper, in which I presented arguments, partly dependent upon research by John Pack and John Kraljevich, that suggest that the 1866 'No Motto' dollars may have been minted in late 1865 or early 1866. If so, then the 1866 'No Motto' would be the rarest silver dollar, as there are only two known. If the 1866 'No Motto' was struck between 1868 and 1878 under questionable circumstances, then it may be that an 1866 'No Motto' silver dollar is not really a coin.
Regardless of the status of the specially struck 1866 'No Motto' silver dollars, there is no doubt that the 1870-S is the rarest silver dollar that was actually struck for circulation. It is a legendary rarity. The depth of the bidding is almost as impressive as the price realized. Never before has there been such excitement over a Very Fine grade silver coin.
©2007 Greg Reynolds
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found 323262 7.1.0-9 thanks Hi, It appears that bug 323262 is still present in xserver-xorg/7.1.0-9. Is there a reason not to apply the patch to 7.1 or was this simply an oversight? Thanks, dam -- Damyan Ivanov Modular Software Systems email@example.com phone +359(2)928-2611, 929-3993 fax +359(2)920-0994 mobile +359(88)856-6067 firstname.lastname@example.com/Gaim
Description: OpenPGP digital signature

subset: commoncrawl


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Jeremey Hobson: Well the British Parliament has started investigating the ethics of London's financial center. This follows that big scandal involving the British bank Barclays, which was fined a half billion dollars for rigging a key interest rate called LIBOR.
Marketplace's Stephen Beard reports.
Stephen Beard: The LIBOR interest rate could not be more critical. It's used as the basis for hundreds of trillions of dollars worth of financial transactions around the world. Regulators found that Barclays frequently lied when it fed its data into the LIBOR system. It did so both for profit, and to create a good impression during the financial crisis. More than a dozen other banks involved in the system are also now under investigation.
Stuart Fraser speaks for the City of London. He fears the scandal will further undermine trust in one of Britain's most important industries: finance.
Stuart Fraser: This is very, very damaging on an international basis. And this is why we need to get this sorted out quickly. And to deal with it quickly -- because if it's allowed to fester, it will make more permanent damage to our reputation.
Analysts are quick to point out however that this may not have been exclusively British bad behavior. Citigroup and JP Morgan Chase were also involved in the LIBOR interest rate system. And the Barclays boss who's now quit, Bob Diamond, is an American.
In London, I'm Stephen Beard for Marketplace.


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Mouthwatering Biscuits and Confectionery items including Glucose Biscuits, Fruit Cream Biscuits, Milk & Honey Biscuits, Bourborn Chocolate Cream Biscuits, Malt N Milk Biscuits, Milk Candies, Black Mint Candies. Mix Fruit Candies, Coffee Candies, Blue Mint Candies, Lollypop, Assorted Soft Toffees, Chewing Gums etc…..
About Us
Driven by quality assurance and excellence, we are a forerunner in the industry operating as a manufacturer and exporter of premium quality Biscuits and Confectionery Items. Global Energy Food Industries was founded in the year 2005. Although a young organization, it has created a niche for itself at the international market as a 100% Govt Recognised Export House well distinguished in trust, reliability, product and service quality. Such rapid success achieved by Global Energy Food Industries has been possible only because of the years of rich experience brought in by our founder members who earlier operated a previous venture, 'Kabisco Foods' and who also have experience of running huge export houses of their own.
Our Product Range
An ISO 9001 : 2008 certified company, Global Energy Food Industry is engaged in the industry as a manufacturer and exporter of a premium range of Biscuits, Confectionery & High Quality Rice items. These include :-
- Biscuits: Glucose Biscuits, Nice Biscuits, Malt 'N' Milk Biscuits, Milk & Honey Biscuits, Fruit Cream Biscuits, Bourbons, Chocolate Cream Biscuits, etc.
- Confectionery Items: Mix Fruit Candies, Milk Candies, Black Mint Candies, Coffee Candies, Blue Mint Candies, Assorted Soft Toffees, Yum Yum Toffees, Lolly Pops, Chewing Gums, etc.
- Rice : Long Grain Sell Basmati Rice 1121 (100 % Pure) and Parboiled Rice (5 % broken).
At present, we export our products to different overseas markets in Africa, Middle East and South East Asia.
Our Vision
To become one of the best privately owned biscuits and confectionery producers in India through continuous investment in manpower, machinery and development of innovative products in partnership with our customers.
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To be at the forefront of the rapidly changing biscuit and confectionery market with a proactive attitude and a will to ensure our products and customers stay ahead of the competition.
Product Packaging
Cartons: Our made to measure master cartons are designed as per the product they carry. The same package design is used
Bar Coding: All the individual packets are bar coded along with the cartons which are coded with serial numbers as well as the packaging dates.
Food grade wrapping material: To ensure consumer safety, we use only food grade wrappers approved by the FDA. Ordinary wrapping material tends to weather over time and is harmful if the chemical and metal used starts settling onto the product. A robust material and absolutely safe, food grade wrapper ensures consumer safety.
Quality Assurance
At Global Energy Food Industries, we have a team of account managers working closely with our customers to ensure that they get nothing but the best. We are committed to a Quality Management System and follow a well-defined policy in controlling the supply and processing of materials and the whole manufacturing process at all levels in a way that complies with international quality standards. Our top management always looks for continuous improvement of products, processes and operations, setting quality objectives and reviewing them regularly.
All our employees are aware of and committed to work as per the quality procedures. Further, our production and packaging personnel follow strict quality control measures and product specifications right from the handling of raw materials to the packaging of the products. This extent of quality consciousness is the reason why our company has successfully established itself as a globally trusted brand in the international market.
The quality objectives of our company are:
- To create a culture wherein everything is done right at the first time
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- To undertake regular maintenance of plant and machinery to enhance their productivity and retain process capability.
Export Expertise
Every country has its unique requirement- from pricing, packaging to even the flavor of our products. We know the various factors that come into play when exporting- be it the importance of timely deliveries, to choosing ideal shipping lines, to product support. To put it in short- we have it covered.
- As we serve diverse markets, we avail all our packets inscribed in English, Arabic and French.
- We use special flavors in our products which improve over time to reach their peak after three months. It also ensures longer shelf life.
- We stuff our containers ourselves, we ensure that the container is stuffed to its most efficient capacity.
- To ensure safety of product during shipping, we stash extra cartons with every container at no extra cost as contingency.
- With our vast experience as an export house, we have developed an excellent rapport with various shipping agencies, which ensures that our goods sail on time at highly competitive rates.
- We help our buyers in their marketing endeavors as well. Over time, we offer our clients brand support by providing them free of cost promotional items like caps, t-shirts, key chains, bicycles, travel bags, etc.
Our Strengths
Our manufacturing plant, which covers over 8500 sq. meters, is located in prime Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation (G.I.D.C.) estate. As a member of this cluster, we get benefits related to raw material, market, technology, common services, linkages, etc., which in turn helps us minimize production cost and keep the prices of finished goods competitive. Further, our company also accrues the benefits of being a 100% Export A Govt Recognised Export House.
We, at Global Energy Food Industry, are equipped with a robust infrastructural base. The manufacturing unit of our company has an annual production capacity of over 30,000 tonnes of biscuits and confectioneries. We regularly invest on this facility to continually increase the production capacity. This plant operates for 6 days a week and over 150 employees are engaged in the production and packaging processes.
Our management philosophy is based on transparent business ethics and we emphasize on communication, collaboration, close working relationships with partners, making access to senior management easy for everyone. We invest regularly on the skill development of our workforce through continuous all round training programs.


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Any young whipper snappers out there that don't watch this and shirk it off as a bunch of has ...On January 3, 2013 / By Angrysnowboarder
There's just something about a lofty backside 180 into powder that is timeless. No matter how many times kids ...On December 24, 2012 / By Angrysnowboarder
VeeCo entertainment continuing on with their individual parts featuring their riders this time showcasing Zac Marben. From the streets ...On November 11, 2012 / By Angrysnowboarder
Having individual parts was probably a smart move for Volcom, especially with how stacked their team is. With a ...On September 20, 2012 / By Angrysnowboarder
© 2015 Angry Snowboarder. All rights reserved.


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Friday, June 7, 2013 | 3:31 p.m.
A few Wicked Whispers & Racy Rumors this hot, hot, hot Friday in The Entertainment Capital of the World:
Inside sources advise that the new Gansevoort Hotel being built out of the shell of the former Bill's Gamblin' Hall & Saloon at Center Strip has pushed back its November opening to February because of minor construction hiccups. They also say the new restaurant attraction there will be announced shortly, but it will not be Mr. Chow from New York and Beverly Hills, as often whispered.
… Is the ABBA musical "Mamma Mia" returning to the Strip, but in another theater? The wild search for Dad on the wedding day tale departed Mandalay Bay in January 2009 and was replaced by Disney's "The Lion King" before that ended to make way for Cirque du Soleil's "Michael Jackson One." Discussions for its return are continuing.
… Thank goodness the bride-to-be said yes because the engagement ring cost a cool $500,000! The couple's lifetime bond was solidified when a high-flying acrobat at the new nightclub Light at Mandalay Bay delivered the diamond sparkler on cue for the groom-to-be to go down on bended knee with his proposal — and the lucky lady accepted.
… That Strip adult cabaret burlesque show that closed its doors this week is hoping it will only be for a short hiatus and that investors will be able to reorganize their finances so they can reopen within 10 days. Dancers and crew still want to get paid, though, for the work they performed.
… Britain and Europe's Top 32 soccer stars — the elite of the elite — are headed to Las Vegas to film a unique Ryder Cup format golf shootout at Shadow Creek, the first time MGM Resorts has permitted TV cameras to film a full-length two-hour special there. The program will only be shown overseas. Producers are hoping David Beckham will host the event starting June 18. The high-roller sports superstars, all multimillion-dollar earners, will stay at Aria, with the awards at Bellagio. The U.K.'s 16 players from such Manchester United, Manchester City, Queens Park Rangers, Chelsea, Arsenal and more compete against Europe's Top 16 from Italy, France, Spain and Czech Republic. Future matchups for more TV specials will include the NBA, NFL, NHL and Premiere League.
… Which 1970s disco era giant hitmaker and big-name record producer has turned DJ and is now asking for $50,000 a night for his Las Vegas nightclub gigs?
… Was that a member of Monaco's Royal Family enjoying melon balls soaked in tequila at Daylight Beach Club at Mandalay Bay?
… Actress Isla Fisher had to hold her breath for three minutes at a time in the underwater tank scenes of the new hit movie "Now You See Me" filmed at various Las Vegas locations: Aria's casino and sky villas, Fremont Street Experience and Downtown at the U.S. Courthouse and Golden Gate.
Robin Leach has been a journalist for more than 50 years and has spent the past decade giving readers the inside scoop on Las Vegas, the world's premier platinum playground.
Follow Robin Leach on Twitter at Twitter.com/Robin_Leach.
Follow Vegas DeLuxe on Twitter at Twitter.com/vegasdeluxe.
Follow VDLX Editor Don Chareunsy on Twitter at Twitter.com/VDLXEditorDon.


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"Liberal Arts" — written by, directed by and starring Josh Radnor — is that rarity: a contemporary comedy about maturity. It's a wise, warm tale of an adult coming of age in his mid-30s.
Radnor plays Jesse, a Manhattan university admissions counselor who returns to his leafy, idyllic Ohio alma mater to attend a retirement dinner for favorite English professor Peter Hoburg (Richard Jenkins). "Nobody feels like an adult," says a weary Hoburg, who's not sure he wants to retire. "It's the world's dirty secret."
Jesse, who finds himself hanging around campus long after the dinner, is drawn to the idea of starting over again as a college student — or, perhaps, with a college student. Enter Zibby (Elizabeth Olsen), a sunny, ever-skipping but wise-beyond-her-years 19-year-old who's charmed by Jesse; like Joyce's Molly Bloom (this movie's haunted by literature majors), she keeps on saying "yes." A nervous Jesse — who calculates that when he was 19, she was 3 — retreats into an old-school, handwritten correspondence with her; they discuss books, classical music and life itself. Should he ditch New York and reboot with Zibby? Or can you really not go home again?
For anyone who looks back affectionately at college years — the time, says Jesse, of "the feeling that anything's possible, of infinite choices ahead of you" — "Liberal Arts" is a smart, snappy pleasure. Radnor and Olsen banter irresistibly; Jenkins is perfect as a prickly prof afraid of the blank page of retirement; and a hilariously arch Allison Janney, as a fellow faculty member, puts the best cranky spin on the one-word line "And?" that you'll ever hear. (If this movie were an enchilada, she would be the hot sauce.) Radnor, who previously wrote and directed "happythankyoumoreplease" (but is perhaps best known for starring in TV's "How I Met Your Mother"), finds wit and truth in his characters as they face, in their different ways, growing up.
"I think being old is OK," Jesse finally concludes. "It's getting there that kicks your ass."


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Kempinski Nile Hotel, concluded a blood donation campaign for it associates, under the supervision of the Children Cancer Hospital. The facility at the hotel was equipped with all technical requirements to render the process a success.
The management and staff of Kempinski Nile Hotel fully supported the cause by participating. There were a total of one hundred and five participants.
The donation is a tangible social contribution, which is very important for the family of the hotel, as evidenced by the immense participation of employees of the hotel.
The Blood Donation program began when the management team of the hotel noted the lack of blood in the Children Cancer Hospital after a TV broadcast, and called on staff for voluntary donations. The strong response of staff resulted in the annual establishment of the blood donation program as a new corporate social responsibility initiative and in the creation of Kempinski's blood bank. This serves dozens of surgeries and serious incidents which request immediate blood transfers to treat children with cancer.


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In addition to Nikon's press event on August 24th, Sony is also expected to announce its new a77 camera on the same date. This is another reason why we may not see a Nikon D300s replacement this month - Sony will want to take all the glory with its new 24MP sensor. Here is what I know about the a77 sensor in case Nikon decides to use it in the D300s replacement later this year:
- World's first 24.3 MP APS-C sensor (FIY: Nikon D7000 has a normal ISO range of 100-6400)
- ISO range of 100-16000 (expandable to ISO 50)
- The sensor will offer AVCHD progressive (ver.2.0) full HD video recording at 60p which is also world's first
- A 24p frame rate option will also be available.


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Cellular, 3G, Broadband and WiFi: Shann Memorial Lecture 2003
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Web page: http://www.business.uwa.edu.au/school/disciplines/economics
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- Jerry A. Hausman, 1996.
"Valuation of New Goods under Perfect and Imperfect Competition,"
NBER Chapters,in: The Economics of New Goods, pages 207-248
National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Hausman, J.A., 1994. "Valuation of New Goods Under Perfect and Imperfect Competition," Working papers 94-21, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics.
- Jerry A. Hausman, 1994. "Valuation of New Goods under Perfect and Imperfect Competition," NBER Working Papers 4970, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Timothy F. Bresnahan & Robert J. Gordon, 1996. "The Economics of New Goods," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number bres96-1, Enero-Jun.
- Hausman, Jerry, 1999. "Cellular Telephone, New Products, and the CPI," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 17(2), pages 188-194, April.
- Jerry Hausman, 1997. "Cellular Telephone, New Products and the CPI," NBER Working Papers 5982, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Jerry A. Hausman, 1997. "Valuing the Effect of Regulation on New Services in Telecommunications," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 28(1997 Micr), pages 1-54. Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)
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Keswick, Ontario, Canada
About Perfectly Papercut
We carry a variety of paper creations. We specialize in Birthday Party Decor from entire themed packages to simple additions to add sparkle to your party. We carry banners, cake/cupcake toppers, signs, invitations, thank yous, tags, favor bags, die cuts, and more. We cover a variety of themes from Juvienille Birthday to Bridal Showers. Sky is the limit. We can work together, or choose an existing package! We also carry die cuts, cards, special packaging and more.


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Summer is almost here! Can you feel it? It's a time for relaxing, having fun, and making lasting memories. Your little one may not quite remember it all this year, but that's no reason not to make every outing a wondrous and magical experience. Check out this list of fun summer day trips to take with your babies and toddlers.
Farmer's market. Seize all the delicious and fresh summertime fruit that will now flood the stands! Point out all the different colors. Tantalize their taste buds with the yummy samples. Have your little one explore the different textures, from fuzzy peaches to smooth cherries. Listen to the sounds of street performers serenading the early morning market-goers. Above all, don't forget to stop and smell — and purchase! — the summertime blooms.
Zoo. What makes the zoo special in the summer? The animals splashing off in the water trying to cool down! Little ones will be delighted that their favorite animals enjoy "bath time" as much as they do.
Community pool/local water park. Take advantage of what your community has to offer. There is always a section of the pool or water park dedicated to little ones. It's a wonderful time for both you and your baby to cool off while having a great time. Go ahead and introduce yourself to other parents. Hello, summer play dates!
Beach. It's the quintessential summer outing! Sandcastles, waves, and seashells! So much good stuff to explore at the beach. If it's your little one's first time, it will be such an awesome experience… from the itty bitty sand grains between their itty bitty toes, to the water rolling up shore to wash it all away. Their first experience at the beach this summer will be the start of many more memories. Take home a shell as a memento.
Lake. No beach? No problem! Seek out a lake in your area. Lakes are a beautiful place to take little ones. The greenery of the surrounding trees, the gentle motion of the water, and the fresh air all make for a very calm and serene environment. Take a boat ride around the lake to give your little one a new perspective. Don't forget life jackets!
Outdoor festivals. With the start of summer, outdoor festivals spike, which includes everything from food, to music, and art! Explore a few of them this summer to make exciting memories. Who knows, maybe your toddler's love of asparagus will start at the asparagus festival?
State fair. Celebrate your state and summertime in one place! There's so much for a toddler to do! Pet the local farm animals. Dance to the music of local bands. Taste the home baked pies. Take home a small homemade craft. See the fireworks! A very full and very exciting day is to be had.
Fruit picking. Indulge your little one's love of a certain summer fruit by taking them to pick it themselves! What a fantastic learning experience to discover where their favorite fruit comes from and how it grows. Delight as your toddler eats to their heart's content. Make sure you take plenty home to create yummy new recipes for them to taste.
Hiking. Take advantage of warmer mornings and go out for a hike. Being in nature is very important for a child's development and sense of self. If your little one can walk, take them out of their stroller or carrier to let them explore and hike along with you. Take the time to discover the native plants. Point out any animals or bugs. Encourage touching rocks, tree trunks, and leaves. Chances are with the serenity of the location and the exercise from the hike, they'll nap like a champ back at home.
Library. Sometimes it's just too hot to go out, but too nice to stay in. Head to your local library to enjoy your toddler's favorite books, and the AC! Pick up summer-themed books about the beach, summer gardens, and the sun. Chances are, there will be many of other little ones like yours to play and read with.
|Experience the comfort of Huggies Little Snugglers


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A minor strained ligament in Adriano Bellis foot has turned into a real pain in the butt for the Argos.
For the second straight week, the teams starting defensive tackle is likely to be unavailable.
The words head coach Jim Barker summons when asked to describe Bellis injury dont exactly inspire much optimism about a quick return, which leads one to wonder just how severe Bellis injury actually is.
Its going to take time, Barker said. Its in a weird spot in the foot.
Only a medical miracle will allow Belli to play in Saturdays home game against the Montreal Alouettes, who dismantled the Argos 41-10 two weeks ago.
Eric Taylor, who played with a heavy heart in Edmonton, isnt expected back until Wednesday following the death of his father.
But, to his credit, Barker doesnt resort to any cheap excuses.
One players misfortune opens the door for someone, an opportunity that is best handled through preparation.
Murphys law
Starting left tackle Rob Murphy was unavailable to practise on Monday when a cut on his head led to swelling, a condition that prevented Murphy from wearing his helmet.
He isnt suffering from a swelled head, deadpanned Barker. He really has a swollen head. His helmet wouldnt fit.
Festival of football
The Argos are ushering in Football Week in Toronto on Saturday, when they play host to the Als.
The first 5,000 fans will receive rally towels.
Ex-Bills kicker Steve Christie, whose brief run as an Argo wasnt particularly memorable, will handle the ceremonial kickoff duties on Saturday.


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Blame it on the weather – this year's Batavia Rotary Club Baseball Tournament is cancelled.
Originally scheduled for Saturday May 10, chairman Tom Turnbull reports it is cancelled this year and will not be made up this season.
Because of the cold start to spring and the wet period following that, Turnbull says the schools (which this year included Batavia, Notre Dame, Albion and Attica) need that Saturday to make up league doubleheaders. The teams need to get on track with their schedule after weather impacted them significantly early on.
Turnbull says it's disappointing but, though they considered some, there were no better options. The tournament is expected to go one as scheduled, he says, next year.


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Fidelity Investments believes our culture of diversity and inclusion makes us more effective in serving our customers, developing our employees, and strengthening our communities. We recognize the value that employees' individual differences and perspectives contribute to the success and growth of our company. We promote an environment that embraces collaboration, innovation, and service. Harnessing the power of diversity supports our market leadership - now and into the future.
At Fidelity we understand that embracing diverse ideas, creating diverse opportunities, and developing diverse partnerships will positively impact the communities in which we conduct business. Our supplier diversity program promotes the inclusion of diverse-owned businesses as an integral part of our supply chain and strategic sourcing initiatives.
Click on logos to find out more:
The primary purpose of ERGs is to enhance the understanding of diversity in the workplace, in the marketplace and in the community, and to enhance the company's environment of mutual respect.
Our programs are focused on providing opportunities for our managers and employees to understand the importance of fostering a diverse and inclusive workplace.
The national and regional organizations below are a sampling of the groups that Fidelity, both financially and through its employees volunteering their time, have supported:


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A Richmond Hill man, George T. Grant, was indicted by a federal grand jury on May 7 on three counts of child pornography.
Grant made his initial appearance in court May 15 before U.S. Magistate Judge G.R. Smith where he pleaded not guilty to the charges. Bond was set at $250,000.
The indictment charges Grant with knowingly receiving one or more images of depicting minors engaged in sexually explicit conduct in December 2009 and again in March 2014.
He is also charged with distributing pornographic images of minors, as well as possessing one or more images that involved a prepubescent minor under 12 years of age engaged in sexually explicit conduct.


text: Well mine does. I decided to re-purpose a old PC I had. I will be using the AMNPS and this is for cold smoking only. Total cost of build $4.00 for the grates for the shelves, everything else I already had. Step 1 I gutted the case (saving the fan). Step 2 I lined the inside with Oak panels leaving room in the bottom left for air flow. Step 3 I glued shelves in place Step 4 Removed tape and made sure shelves were straight. Step 5 Mounted fan (drilled many holes behind fan for air flow (cut DVD cover to fit spot to the right of the fan). Step 6 Taped and Primed Case. Step 7 Painted a nice hunter green (decals of Flames to come as soon as I print them) Step 8 Cut some shelves from Grilling grates (extra support with wooded rods under grates). Step 8 Trial run (barley see smoke coming out of fan) Smoke also coming out the bottom as well. I cannot wait to try it. Pics to follow when I do.


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Free Case Evaluation by a Local Lawyer!
Ask a Local Attorney. 100% Anonymous. Free Answers.Free Case Evaluation by a Local Lawyer: Click here
Law Office of Thomas C. Phipps | Thomas C Phipps
It depends on the terms of the trust. If the trust does not require all of the money to be distributed, you can leave it in the trust.
Answer Applies to: Missouri
Replied: 9/4/2013
O'Keefe Legal Services, L.L.C. | Sean P. O'Keefe
In Maryland, what can and cannot be done likely depends on specifically what the trust says. Does the trust say it terminates and distributes everything to the beneficiary upon the beneficiary reaching age 21. If so, why would one want the funds held in trust after they become available.
Answer Applies to: Maryland
Replied: 8/27/2013
Law Office Of Victor Waid | Victor Waid
The provisions of the trust control your actions regarding the withdrawals. Read the trust, or obtain the assistance of an estate planning attorney to assist you in interpretation.
Answer Applies to: California
Replied: 8/27/2013
The Law Offices of Kristen Carron, LLC | Kristen Carron
Without reading the trust, yes. When you turn 21, you could take the money you needed. The rest can stay in the trust until you needed it. It's a good idea to leave the money in trust until you need it. Money held in trust is protected from creditors, divorcing spouses and attachment in a lawsuit. On Tue, Aug 20, 2013 at 9:02 AM, Question From LawQA wrote: > ANSWER A QUESTION THAT
Answer Applies to: Rhode Island
Replied: 8/27/2013
Law Offices of Frances Headley | Frances Headley
Unless the trust allows for early distributions for things like investing in property all you can do is talk to the seller about postponing the close until after you receive the money or petition the court for an early release.
Answer Applies to: California
Replied: 8/27/2013
Frederick & Frederick PLC | James P Frederick
If you are not 21, then it would appear that you cannot pull anything out of the trust, at this time. You have not shared much in the way of facts, and there is a chance that the trust deals with exactly this situation. It would be best for you to consult with a probate attorney to help you figure out where you stand.
Answer Applies to: Michigan
Replied: 8/27/2013
Danville Law Group | Scott Jordan
You will need to ask the Trustee of the trust for the money or to purchase the land for you. Whether it is possible to purchase land is determined by the language in the trust, so you would need to read the trust document.
Answer Applies to: California
Replied: 8/27/2013
Minor, Bandonis and Haggerty, P.C. | Brian Haggerty
It's up to the trustee, and the exact wording of the trust document.
Answer Applies to: Oregon
Replied: 8/27/2013
Law Office of Edward M. Burgh, APC | Edward M. Burgh
It depends on what the trust says.
Answer Applies to: California
Replied: 8/27/2013
Charles M. Schiff, Attorney at Law | Charles M. Schiff
It depends upon the wording of the Trust document. If the Trustee is given sufficient discretion to release some portion of the proceeds early, he/she can do so. If such discretion is not given in the document, you are not entitled to receipt until you actually reach the required age.
Answer Applies to: Minnesota
Replied: 8/27/2013
Gates' Law, PLLC | Thomas E. Gates
You do not have access to the funds until you are 21 period.
Answer Applies to: Washington
Replied: 8/27/2013
Peters Law, PLLC | Mark T. Peters, Sr.
It depends on whether the trustee wants to continue to manage the money. Ask him or her.
Answer Applies to: Idaho
Replied: 8/27/2013
Arthur H. Geffen, P.C. | Arthur Geffen
You could go to the trustee and ask for an advance or a loan. If the trustee says no, you are stuck until the distribution date.
Answer Applies to: Texas
Replied: 8/27/2013
Goldsmith & Guymon | Dara Goldsmith
You should address that with the Trustee. You need to see if the Trustee has discretion to make that happen. If not, the answer is probably no.
Answer Applies to: Nevada
Replied: 8/27/2013
James Law Group | Christine James
The trustee should have the power to provide you with principal and income before the final distribution date. Speak with the trustee.
Answer Applies to: California
Replied: 8/27/2013
Sanford M. Martin, P.A. | Sanford M. Martin
What you can do legally depends on the terms of the trust. Consult with the trustee who has administrative responsibility.
Answer Applies to: Florida
Replied: 8/27/2013
Sebby Law Office | Jayne Sebby
You can petition a court to end the trust early but it's unlikely that you can get that accomplished prior to the trust ending naturally.
Answer Applies to: Nebraska
Replied: 8/27/2013
Darrell B. Reynolds, P.C. | Darrell B. Reynolds
You can only get the money when the trust allows it.
Answer Applies to: Georgia
Replied: 8/27/2013
Law Office of Pamela Braynon | Pamela Y. Braynon
It all depends on the terms of the trust. Check with the trustee to see if you can.
Answer Applies to: Florida
Replied: 8/27/2013


text:
By Kerem Durdag
Overview of the Wave Sensor
MCF Device
Further, these characteristics are complemented by another outstanding property of SAW devices which is particularly pertinent to medical devices; namely, their ability to operate with no wire connection or battery. They are connected only by a radio frequency link to a transceiver or reader unit. This is due to the SAW devices operating at very low input signal levels and high electrical efficiency.
A high-frequency electromagnetic wave is emitted from an RF transceiver and is received by the antenna of the SAW sensor that is fabricated onto the sensor surface using standard semiconductor techniques (Figure 3). The antenna is connected to the IDTs leading to the conversion of the received signal into an acoustic wave, which propagates along the sensor similarly to the previous description. Depending on the construction of the device, the IDTs can retransmit to the receiver. The received signal is amplified, converted to a baseband frequency in the RF module, and then analyzed by a signal processor for appropriate translation and display. Because the operating frequencies are in the GHz range, SAW sensors are well protected from electromagnetic interference that often occurs in the vicinity of industrial equipment, such as motors and high-voltage lines.
Temperature Sensors
Viscosity Sensors
Kerem Durdag is the director of business development for SenGenuity at Vectron International. In this role, he is responsible for business and sales channel development activities regarding solid-state acoustic wave (fluid, physical, and gas) sensors to a variety of markets and applications. Durdag can be reached at 207-856-6977, x106 or email@example.com.


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This week visvim has released several new footwear styles from its Spring/Summer 2012 Collection. While most recent releases were boots, the ones coming out this week are part of the sneaker category.
The Logan Deck Lo is a simple Era-style low top sneaker. It will come in a beautiful dark indigo option with red outersole and alternative colorways. Furthermore visvim will drop the Jaipur Hi Denim, a Chuck Taylor style silhouette and the Flynt Hi Sashiko, which is an interesting mid top sneaker. Expect all of them to come in a series of colors later this week at visvim retailers.
(Via Note)


text:
Showing all 11 products
3 years in development, we are proud to realease the first range of Tiki Inflatable SUP's
This is the perfect cross training board for those looking for a versatile recreational SUP.
The HYDRALITE SUP is an excellent value SUP option.
Perfect for use in the ocean, lake or river.
The 10' NSP Stand-Up paddle is a performance orientated waveriding SUP board.
All round fun for everyone and a great introduction to SUP'ing.
This board is perfect for the one board family, women, experienced and heavier surfers.


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MOBARRY-L ArchivesArchiver > MOBARRY > 2002-04 > 1018445171
From: heather e blair <>
Subject: Re: [MOBARRY-L] Neli Decker ca. 1898
Date: Wed, 10 Apr 2002 08:26:19 -0500 (CDT)
In-Reply-To: <email@example.com>
Hi! Exeter is in Barry County, MO; Peirce City is in Lawrence Co., MO,
and I can't remember where Granby is -- I think it is Newton County.
My Beasley family is descended from John Otho Franklin Beasley and
his second wife, Debby Doyel. They came to Missouri with Debby's
parents, Isaac Doyel and Mary Elizabeth Morrison, from Edmonson
county, Kentucky in the 1880s, and settled around Exeter.
John Otho Franklin Beasley was a grocer, and had stores at Exeter and
Granby. He died in Peirce City in 1917. He had four children from
his first marriage to Sarah Ashby, and I believe they divorced, but
don't have that record. He and Debby had 12 children, and he also
had one child from an affair. Debby adopted that child.
I put the family tree on rootsweb at:
I don't see a Joseph, but I believe there were other Beasley families in
the area. There was somebody Beasley who was a lawyer around 1890.
- Heather
On Tue, 9 Apr 2002 wrote:
> What state are these towns in, MO? I have a Joseph Beasley and Malissa Bowman
> who moved to OK. from Blue Eye, MO. and the only child I can find at all is
> Jesse (a male or a female)? just very difficult the names that you used don't
> sound familiar.
This thread:
|Re: [MOBARRY-L] Neli Decker ca. 1898 by heather e blair <>


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Deutsche Presse-Agentur
February 24, 2010
- A d v e r t i s e m e n t
- {openx:49}
The 'militarization' of Iraqi society puts the country at risk of military coups, Iraqi vice president Adil Abdel-Mahdi said in remarks quoted by Baghdad's al-Mada daily on Tuesday.
Abdel-Mahdi said the country's 1 million police officers and soldiers mean that there is one policeman for every 30 Iraqis – and that at least one member of every family is part of the security forces.
'There is a historical precedent in this case. The country is set for military coups,' the vice president said.
A 1958 military coup toppled the Iraqi monarchy and set the stage for a string of successive coups that brought the Baath Party to power.


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Mr. SIMPSON. I thank the gentleman for yielding.
I loved listening to the gentleman from Washington's debate. Now, if the gentleman wants to really create some jobs in this country, we can create hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of jobs if we'll start getting oil going back in the gulf and permitted. The gentleman talked about not being so reliant on foreign oil. We've got rigs right now that were in the gulf that are off the coast of Africa because they can't get permitted in the gulf. Now, do you want to create millions of jobs? Join us on that, and let's create millions of jobs.
The gentleman talked about, geez, he just doesn't understand how people could change their votes. People actually sometimes learn more information and decide that they were wrong the time before and that now they'll change their votes, just like some people on that side of the aisle who actually issue press releases saying that they were going to support this CR and then change their minds. That's okay.
Mr. DICKS. Will the gentleman yield?
Mr. SIMPSON. I would be happy to yield to the gentleman from Washington.
Mr. DICKS. I didn't put out a press release, but I'll tell you one thing. I listen. I listen to the Chamber of Commerce and to the National Association of Manufacturers. I listen.
Mr. SIMPSON. I reclaim my time.
Mr. Speaker, I rise tonight in support of this continuing resolution. This CR is vital to keeping our government operating over the next 7 weeks while Congress completes its work on next year's budget.
It's worth reminding Members that tonight this CR actually reduces spending from last year's enacted levels and saves taxpayers billions of dollars. The irony is that voting against this CR is actually a vote for more spending. If you want to reduce government spending, then you should vote for this CR. It's pretty simple, really.
FEMA's coffers for disaster assistance are about to run dry. There is no such thing as a Republican natural disaster or a Democrat natural disaster. The last thing Congress should do is hold up disaster assistance because of partisan politics. We need to approve this CR tonight and get the relief to those in need as quickly as humanly possible.
Now, I've got to tell you, in all honestly, I'm not one of those people who believes that we have to offset every emergency. We have done some in the past--some we have not--but in the past, we have not had a $14 trillion deficit. That's the danger to this country is the $14 trillion deficit and the $1.6 trillion we add to it every damned year.
I've got to admit, this is only $1 billion. But do you know what? Some people say, Oh, that's only $1 billion. I heard one Member say yesterday it was nickels and dimes. In Idaho, $1 billion is not nickels and dimes. We did not get into this situation a trillion dollars at a time. We got here a million and a billion dollars at a time, and that's how we're going to get out of this situation. So let's do our job and do what's right for the country and get this deficit under control; and if we can offset it, let's offset it.
Source: http://thomas.loc.gov


text:
Get members-only tips & tricks, plus new product releases and discounts delivered right to your inbox (and we will never share your info).
Welcome to Leader Motorcycle Accessories!
If protecting your phone, GPS or other device from rain is important to you, you're in the right place. With the Hydra Mount, you'll never have to worry about it getting wet! It's a safe and secure way to see directions or other important information while you ride. The Hydra waterproof case has a heavy-duty zipper edge and a rubberized "port" that closes back in on itself when you run wires in/out. Inside the case are 2-3 foam pads to use as needed for your device. The back features a ball design that provides nearly unlimited angle-ability and makes it super-easy to adjust (even on the fly). The Ultra-Security and anti-vibration features make it even more secure. Internal Size: 6" x 3.5" x 1" (wire opening is on the 3.5" aka "bottom" side)
This kit includes everything you need (except an allen wrench). All components are stainless steel and aluminum (won't rust or wear!).
MOUNTS TO: Mirror stem or any other round bar measuring 3/8 inch (9.5mm) to 1/2 inch (12.7mm). It can be mounted in any direction ('front' or 'back', 'left' or 'right'). See details & install video here.
You may also be interested in: Anti-Glare Screen


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[photogallerylink id=96928 align=left]So, apparently [lastfm link_type="artist_info"]Diddy[/lastfm] is coming out with 248 pages full of images … of women's rear ends! You will never guess the title of the book either…
'CULO' will be available on November 22, just in time for the holiday season!
It is a collaboration from photographer Raphael Mazzucco and record executive Jimmy Iovine
This coffee table book will cost $65.
Mazzucco said, "the conversation about creating a book of asses is not your garden variety, cocktail party far, I wrestled for weeks about how to attack this concept, I have relished every brush stroke, every hypnotic flash in which I reach deep down in my gut and pull out a glimpse of the world as only I see it."


text:
Jeremy Lin may not get a lot of play with the Golden State Warriors but the reserve guard is getting some love from Nike.
The Warriors' bench player is being featured in his own commercial for Nike sport wear. The minute and half spot features Lin talking about his love for basketball, his family and how he likes to wear his Nike sneakers.
Pretty impressive for a player who received no athletic scholarships, went undrafted in the NBA out of Harvard and averaged 9.8 minutes a game for his hometown team.
Not to mention the story SF Gate's Rusty Simmons shares about Lin's rookie hazing, where he was forced to walk around the Oracle Arena without any shoes on.
Published at 2:43 PM PDT on Sep 8, 2011


text:
We are well past the point of speculation when it comes to ObamaCare - the what-ifs and projected damages associated with this legislation have turned into real consequences that are hurting real people. I have business owners in my district in Georgia telling me verbatim that the government has made it virtually impossible to run a business in this country. Unable to sustain their companies in the U.S., these businesses tell me their only option is to take their companies abroad. It is critical that we pass legislation that fosters growth in America, instead of forces it abroad.
Additionally, I plan on casting my vote against the continuing resolution that will contain provisions to fund ObamaCare for the remainder of the year. I am whole-heartedly committed to defunding this atrocity in favor of true patient-centered health care reform. It is crucial that we focus on replacing it with something like my Patient Option Act, which puts the power back in the hands of the patient by allowing them to choose the plan that best suits their needs. My legislation changes Medicare to a more flexible premium assistance program and expands choice and competition by allowing consumers to shop for health insurance across state lines. At its core, the Option Act provides the foundation for us to grow our nation's healthcare system without expanding the role of the federal government.
As a physician member of Congress, I should be working with my colleagues on both side of the isle looking for ways to improve our nation's healthcare system. Instead, all of my time is monopolized by defending our healthcare from the constant barrage of attacks generated by ObamaCare. As I continue this battle, I ask your support in making sure that the repeal of ObamaCare is the top priority of those elected to serve our nation.
Broun serves on the House Homeland Security, Naturaul Resources and Science, Space and Technology committees.


text:
Download these guidelines as a PDF
General Definitions
The Legislation we have to consider
The requirements of the Disabled Discrimination Acts (DDA)
Guidelines for Model Flying Clubs
Club Participation
Assessing the needs of a disabled person
Access on and off the flying site
Specialist facilities
Support for the individual
General Facilities
Reasonable and Practicable
A definition of Reasonable Adjustments
Competitions and Events
Access on and off the competition site
General Event Facilities
Training for Disabled Model Flyers
Training Standards
Training support for the disabled flyer
The BMFA Achievement Schemes and the disabled flyer
Examination support for the disabled flyer
Useful contacts
The British Model Flying Association encourages and supports model aircraft flying and related modelling activities at all levels and within all social groups. We do not discriminate against people regardless of their religion, race, gender, age, sexuality and disability (the six "dimensions of disability" as used by the Equal Opportunities Commission).
The purpose of these guidelines is to provide everyone involved in organising model flying activities with information on the legislation and how its requirements regarding disability discrimination may affect you.
The BMFA, as the National body for model flying, has an obligation to develop and publish such guidelines to help all model flying clubs and groups to understand the disability legislation and give advice on how to act on it if possible and practicable.
Knowledge of the disability legislation and how it affects clubs and individuals is important and the use of these guidelines is encouraged at all levels within model flying. Meeting a disabled person's needs is largely a matter of common sense and clear communication by all parties at the outset can often prevent problems arising at a later date.
Throughout this document the use of the word 'disabled' or the phrase 'disabled person' will mean 'person or persons with disabilities as defined by the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) 1995 or 2005'. Unless specifically stated, 'DDA' means either the 1995 or 2005 acts. The words 'he' or 'his' will mean 'he/she' or 'his/hers'. The use of the word 'club' will mean 'model flying club, group or organisation'.
The Disability Discrimination Act of 1995 (DDA 1995) made it illegal for employers to discriminate against an employee or potential employee because of their disability. It also introduced requirements for a progressive improvement in access to public transport, buildings and open spaces.
The DDA 1995 defines a disabled person as someone who has a physical or mental impairment that has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on his or her ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities.
The Disability Discrimination Act of 2005 (DDA 2005) extended the legislation to include private clubs with 25 or more members. Currently, the definition of a private club does not include informal groups who meet to share a facility such as a flying site. However, the BMFA recommends that such groups also follow these guidelines. The legislation is currently under review and one of the proposals is to reduce the minimum size to ten members and widen the definition of a club. We recommend that everyone involved in organised model flying should be aware of their legal obligations towards any disabled person and sensible consideration of these guidelines will ensure they are following best practice to comply with the current DDA legislation wherever possible.
Further advice on any aspect of these guidelines can be obtained from the Chief Executive Officer, Development Officer or Club Support Officer at BMFA Headquarters or from any of the help-lines listed in the policy.
It is unlawful for a club to refuse to accept a disabled person as a member for reasons related to his disability.
It is unlawful for a club to exclude an existing member or vary the terms of his membership for reasons related to his disability.
It is unlawful for a club to offer different services, facilities or benefits to a disabled person who is a member or guest of that club to those offered to a person who is not disabled.
If requested, a club should make 'reasonable adjustments' to allow a disabled person equivalent access to the benefits of membership or the club's facilities.
The full legal text can be found, if required, at //www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2005/50013--a.htm#12
Approximately ten million people in the United Kingdom, or one sixth of the total population, have a disability as defined by the DDA.
It is very clear that, should you be approached by a disabled person seeking club membership, it is illegal to refuse such membership on the grounds of that person's disability. No matter how your club or group operates or what disciplines it flies, you also have a legal obligation to make provisions for disabled persons if requested to do so and if it is practicable for you to make such provision.
How you can do this is discussed further below but it is important to understand at the outset that any response to a legal requirement is bound by a test of reasonableness. In other words, requests made to you must be seen to be reasonable and your responses to them must also be seen to be reasonable. It may be that you will eventually have to make decisions to refuse or terminate membership or vary access to facilities to a disabled individual. In such cases it is extremely important to document the decision and the reasons for it and retain the full details in the club records so that, if required to do so, it can be demonstrated that the decision was not for reasons prohibited by the DDA.
When a disabled person approaches the club it is sensible that their needs should be assessed as soon as possible in order that you can consider where reasonable and practicable provisions can be made to help them. Since the individual is the best person to ask to establish their needs, this should be a two way dialogue between them and the club. Decisions should not be taken by the club in isolation. If the club feels that there is a need for further specialist advice to assist in this matter, contact the UK Disability Information and Advice Line - Telephone 0161 - 799 2222 or your local authority. In the course of this the club should remember that any provisions made on the flying site must still comply with the Air Navigation Order, specifically Article 74 which should already be familiar to all model flyers.
It is important to remember, however, that being a disabled person does not give an individual the right to insist on membership of a club. The legislation exists to ensure that disabled persons are not at a disadvantage in their lives, not to place them ahead of the able bodied. A 'level playing field' is the aim. For instance, if your club has a closed membership or a waiting list then, whilst you cannot legally refuse to add the disabled person to the list, you are not required to have them jump the queue. You must be seen to treat them fairly.
Model flying clubs are 'private member's clubs' and are allowed to set their own rules and procedures within the framework of the law. In this particular case, and very importantly, you are not allowed to have club rules that discriminate against the disabled. On the other hand, you are not required to structure your rules to cater to the disabled at the expense of the able bodied.
All clubs should be aware that access for a disabled member to get on and off the flying field is a legal requirement under the current DDA legislation, where the provision of such access is reasonable and practicable.
The decisions taken by the Club as to what is reasonable and practicable will vary with each particular case. For instance, if your field has a locked gate, you must make sure that the disabled member is able to operate it. If you decide, as a club, to lay pathways and hard standings then these must be suitable for disabled use. It may be that your Club is in a position to supply such facilities but has not already done so. You might be requested to provide the access facilities and will have to do so if the work required is reasonable and practicable. This doesn't mean that there is a definitive answer to such problems. As an example, very many clubs fly from farmland, fields or even common land that they are not able to alter in any significant way. Whilst improved gate access might be possible, if your landlord will not let you cut or lay hard pathways then it is not reasonable to expect you to do so.
If it is recognised that improved access facilities will be needed then it is the club's responsibility to arrange the funding for any such alterations. However, in such instances the cost of any alterations can very often be met from alternate funding such as the Millennium Awards Scheme, Council grants or Local Government sponsored community development schemes. There is very significant countrywide funding available for disabled access schemes and advice on the availability of such funding should be sought from the Local Authority Sports' Development officer. Bear in mind that any such improved access will benefit your able bodied members as well as any disabled members that you have. In fact, if you can do such work on your field then it may be worthwhile trying to arrange for disabled access grants and work to be done before you are requested to do so by a disabled member. Your members will benefit anyway.
No responsibility is borne by the club to supply any specialist equipment such as a modified transmitter or aircraft assembly facilities. However, once again funding for the specialist equipment that may be required by a disabled person may be available from alternate sources as suggested above.
It is the responsibility of the disabled person to inform his club or event organiser of any assistance or support they may require and the club or organiser must take reasonable steps to see that such support is provided. For example, where a disabled person uses a wheel chair, either manual or electric, he may request assistance from a fellow member in order to comply with safety requirements; e.g. positioning of his wheel chair to allow visual contact of the model aircraft at all times whilst still remaining in full control of the aircraft, in a suitable ground location.
However, the safe operation of the club site must still take precedence over any such requests and a club is not expected to deviate from, for instance, a proven and safe pits/pilot box arrangement. As an example, if the pilot's box is on soft ground which would not be suitable for wheelchair use but this was the safest position for the box to be positioned then it might be considered unreasonable to expect the club to consider moving the box to the detriment of the safety of everyone flying there. Problems such as this can nearly always be worked out on the field though and clubs are reminded that they must consider reasonable changes, either in layout or operating procedures if these are requested by a disabled person and are judged to be practicable.
Affiliated clubs must be aware that if club facilities (e.g. club house, toilets, car parks etc.) are made available to the members, then all of the above should be made accessible to the disabled, accommodating any special provisions required. The funds for providing or altering such facilities may be available from alternate sources as suggested above. Clubs must be aware that if facilities are made available to their members, then those facilities must be equally accessible to any disabled members. Even a simple club hut or container must be reasonably accessible to all. If you already have such facilities on site you will need to survey them carefully to see if they do offer disabled access and if not, you will almost certainly need to make alterations. The addition of access ramps, modifying toilets for disabled access and perhaps adding a small paved area in the pits for wheelchair use are three of the more usual types of work that may be considered but there may be others. In all cases however, the decisions to undertake any alterations must be based on the tests of reasonableness and practicability. Is it reasonable that the club undertakes the work and is the work practicable in the first place? However, it is clear that you have no obligation to do such modification work until asked to do so by a disabled member. Then you have a 'reasonable' time in which to decide if the requested alterations are reasonable and practicable and to comply with the request.
If you are planning to add facilities, of course, your task is much simpler but you will have to make sure that anything constructed has ease of access for disabled members built in from the start. There are very significant funds available from various local government sources for providing or altering such facilities, as we have already discussed, and these should be your first stop if you realise that you need money to provide facilities. Don't forget that, again, any facilities provided for disabled access using grant aid will also be of great benefit to your able bodied members too.
At various places in this guidance it is stated that you must be seen to act in a reasonable manner. In establishing what is reasonable, there are a number of things to consider beyond the common sense meaning of the phrase. Apart from the obvious physical reasons for not carrying out work, economics may also be a factor. It could be argued that, in some cases, it would be 'unreasonable' for a small club to commit large resources of their own to making their facilities disabled friendly. This wouldn't stop them from applying for local authority grants for the work of course.
Modifications to facilities can be made if practicable. However it is important to be able to demonstrate that modifications have been considered, even if they are subsequently determined to be impractical or uneconomic. Whatever a club decides to do it is essential that they be able to demonstrate that they have considered the matter. Decisions made at club and committee meetings should be minuted carefully as they will provide the records that the matter has been considered.
In order to provide equal access to the activities of the club, a disabled person may request that suitable facilities are installed or that they are assisted in being able to participate in those activities. Whilst the club is not obliged to agree to every request, each should be fully considered and if not fully agreed then the reasons why should be discussed with the disabled person and, if possible, a compromise or alternative solution should be reached. These changes are known as 'reasonable adjustments'.
In particular, the club should not be expected to spend significant amounts from club funds to provide these adjustments. However, if the disabled person were to offer to pay the cost, or grant funding could be obtained, it would be unreasonable for them to be refused, unless there were other reasons.
The Government's disability website defines 'reasonable adjustments' as:
• changing any practice, policy or procedure which makes it impossible or unreasonably difficult for disabled people to use a service (e.g. waiving a no dogs policy for blind customers accompanied by their guide dog)
• provide an auxiliary aid or service which would enable disabled people to use a service (e.g. providing a British Sign Language interpreter at a public meeting where deaf people will be present)
• overcoming a physical feature by providing services by alternative methods Whilst the list of potential requests is unlimited, the following examples indicate what might be considered reasonable.
• Allowing a person with a hearing impairment to bring an interpreter with them, free of charge, to club events if that person is not a direct participant.
• Installing a few paving slabs in the pits or on the flight line to stop a wheelchair sinking would be reasonable. Providing a 150 meter paved access path from the car park to the pits would not.
• If the club rules do not allow cars to be driven beyond the car park, a rule requiring other members to land whilst a disabled person drives to the pits in order to unload before taking their car to the car park is reasonable. Allowing the disabled person to leave their car in the pits area whilst flying is taking place is not.
Grant funding is likely to be available from both local authorities and disabled charities to meet, or contribute to, the costs of any adjustments. If you require any help in identifying or requesting these grants, please contact the BMFA office.
It is the responsibility of the organisers of an event to take whatever reasonable and practicable measures they can to meet the needs of any disabled persons attending or competing in the event. It is a sensible part of the event planning for event organisers to make provisions for disabled persons at an early stage and many of the measures required are generic, such as having a reasonable proportion of disabled access toilets on site (if you are providing toilets). Such measures usually have low or no extra cost if you factor them in at the start of planning but you have to be aware of the possibilities when initially ordering equipment. However, it may be that a disabled person will be attending who has other needs that may not have been foreseen. In such cases the disabled person must make their requirement known to the organisers and the organisers, in turn, must make efforts to meet those needs, to the level of everything they might reasonably be expected to do.
In these circumstances, an event organiser cannot legally ignore the disabled person's requirements and may have to show that there were valid, reasonable and practicable reasons if any were turned down.
Where an event or competition has an official entry form or ticket pre-booking form, there should be a section that says something similar to;
If you have any requirements that need to be considered in advance of the event, please attach details to this form, contact the organisers, or tick this box and we will contact you [ ].
Every disabled person will be aware of their own requirements but the list of possibilities is too great to cover on a pre-printed sheet so individual contact with the organisers is the most effective method for the disabled person to communicate what their requirements will be.
A version of the entry form easily understood by a disabled person should be available on request. This may, for instance, take the form of a double size print of the form toaid those visually impaired.
Disabled persons have a legal right to have access to and from any competition or event that they are taking part in or visiting and event organisers must take note of these rights. There will be situations however, where disabled access is difficult or impossible, for example, events taking place on temporary sites. Organisers must bear their legal requirements to provide disabled access in mind in such cases and consultation with the disabled person to try to resolve such a situation is essential. In these cases, as with all matters to do with the disabled, organisers must provide access if it is reasonable and practicable to do so. It may be that, after exhausting the obvious possibilities, access may not be available to the disabled person but the organisers in such cases must be prepared to show that they have made every reasonable attempt to meet their responsibilities. A fairly typical example of this is the BMFA Free Flight Nationals which is held on a large airfield. Access through the road gate and along tarmac perimeter tracks is very easy but then the competitor almost always has to move on to grass to fly his model. No provision can be made to mow this grass or lay hard tracks over it so a competitor whose disability precludes them from moving out on to the grass areas will be at a serious disadvantage that the organisers can do nothing about. However, a 'reasonable adjustment' would be for the organisers to allow a disabled person to fly from the nearest safe area of tarmac.
If a disabled person is accompanied to a competition or event by a helper or helpers, then it is the disabled person's responsibility to ensure that those helpers have the skills and training to give the correct assistance if and when required.
Organisers of competitions and events must be aware that if any facilities are made available to the competitors and spectators (for instance toilets, car parks etc.), then all such facilities should be made available and accessible to disabled people. In addition, the organisers must be prepared to take any reasonable steps to deal with any special provisions as required. The need to provide general facility access for disabled people should be in the forefront of any event pre-planning and, if considered at an early stage, will have little effect on the costing of the event. Adding such facilities for the disabled later in the process might entail considerably more costs which an organiser will not be able to avoid.
There is no doubt that any event that seeks to provide even basic facilities for those present has a legal requirement to make sure that the facilities provided meet the needs of the disabled.
As an example of the type of thinking that an organiser may have to be involved in we can look again at the Free Flight Nationals. Held on an open airfield, car parking and general access is good and the organisers ensure that there are several disabled toilets on site. Importantly, these are positioned on ground that is easily accessible by wheelchair. Several camping pitches are reserved next to tarmac roads so that wheelchair access is easy and any other requests for special positioning on the campsite are dealt with by the campsite organisation on the days of the event.
The BMFA supports and encourages all model flying clubs to offer training and instruction to their members and some clubs have structured schemes for such training. However, there is no requirement for a club to do this and the vast majority of club training is on an ad-hoc basis with limited timetable structure.
The instructors who perform this essential task almost all give their services and time free of charge but they generally do not commit to fixed hours or days and, although most are happy to instruct when on the flying field, few are able to set a fixed and reliable rota for training. The DDA legislation is clear that any training offered to able-bodied members must also be made available to disabled members. This is a legal requirement and clubs must be aware of it. The implications for your instructors are not particularly serious but both they and the club must be clear that, if a disabled person asks for training, you cannot legally refuse on the grounds of their disability unless you can clearly show that the disability would rule out safe flying of the model.
On the other hand, the disabled person cannot insist on being trained if your club doesn't have any instructors and has no on-going training in progress. What must be appreciated here is that, as we've said before, the legislation sets out to create a 'level playing field' for the disabled and you should bear this in mind when dealing with this matter.
Whatever the requirements and needs of the disabled flyer, it is the responsibility of the club and its members who instruct to ensure that safety standards are not compromised in any way during the training of the disabled member.
Any able-bodied person being trained to fly model aircraft will be assessed by the instructors involved to evaluate their skills and weaknesses. The same will apply to any disabled person at the start of their training. The only difference will be that the trainee concerned may have special requirements centred around their disability and the club and it's instructors must be aware that these matters must be discussed with the trainee before their training begins.
The BMFA encourages clubs and instructors to make every effort to integrate disabled people into any training programmes that they run. With a little care this can be achieved successfully but only with the co-operation of all involved, especially the disabled person and their instructor, who must be clear between themselves what special requirements the trainee might have.
Don't forget that it is a legal requirement that you cannot refuse to train a disabled person if you are offering training to able bodied so some preplanning at club committee level would be a good idea.
The BMFA has a comprehensive set of radio control achievement schemes that offer nationally recognised qualifications, which cover most R/C disciplines. Standards are published covering how the tests are performed and each of these standards booklets has a comprehensive section on help and assistance for disabled flyers. If you are running the BMFA Achievement Schemes for the able bodied members within your club then you must be aware that there is a legal requirement that your disabled members must have equal access to the Schemes.
Whatever the requirements and needs of the disabled flyer, it is the responsibility of the club and any Examiners who are involved in an examination to ensure that safety standards are not compromised in any way during the testing of a disabled member. The standards booklets published by BMFA covering the various tests are very clear about the way the tests should be conducted but special attention should be paid to the section on help for disabled candidates.
To sum these sections up, help is available for virtually all of the ground sections of the test, under the direct supervision of the candidate of course, but the examiners are instructed that no discretion is allowed in the flying part of the test for any candidate, able bodied or disabled. The BMFA must take this stance as any degradation of the flying standards needed to pass the tests would be very detrimental to the worth of the schemes to all involved.
The BMFA encourages all radio control clubs to run the achievement schemes and, in line with the DDA in force, reminds all involved that your disabled members have an equal right of access to the schemes. Clubs who run the schemes should make every effort to integrate disabled persons into the testing programmes that they run. With a little care this can be achieved successfully but only with the co-operation of all involved, especially the disabled person and their examiner, who must be clear between themselves what special requirements the candidate might have before any such examination begins.
Don't forget that it is a legal requirement that you must allow a disabled person access to qualifications if you are offering that opportunity to able bodied members so some pre-planning at club committee level and with your examiners would be a good idea.
For any further advice on this policy, please contact the BMFA Office by
Phone – 0116 2440028 within normal office hours (answerphone out of hours) Fax – 0116 2440645 Mail – Chacksfield House, 31 St Andrew's Road, Leicester, LE2 8RE
Email – firstname.lastname@example.com
This policy was compiled with the assistance of:
The Chairperson, Walsall Disability Forum. (Andrew Moult - Disabled Flyer, Wheelchair User, Club Instructor)
Area Chief Examiner Silent Flight and BARCS executive member (Pete Hubbard - Disabled Flyer, Hearing Impairment, BMFA Chief Examiner)
David Phipps – BMFA Chief Executive, Manny Williamson – BMFA Development Officer, Andy Symons - BMFA Club Support Officer
Telephone: 0116 2440028
The UK Disability Information and Advice Line Telephone: 0161 - 799 2222
The UK Government's web site for disabled people: www.disability.gov.uk


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Solid, but not very much diversity between the songs.
Album Rating: 4.0This album is ballin!! Especially pamplemousse wtf awesome
Album Rating: 4.5seriously pamplemousse is so great
I love grapefruit
Album Rating: 4.0This is a solid 4 so far, but I can see it becoming a 4.5 in the near future.
Album Rating: 5.0 | Sound OffI got my pre order monday and i must say the whole vintage theme to the recording album is top notch. lyrically this album is poison the well on top form imo. This is probably my favorite heavy album of the past few years. very well thought out and aggressive with alot of variety. i just cant stop listening to it.
Album Rating: 4.5these guys never fail to disappoint. poison the well have really outdone themselves on this one. its probably the most beautiful and musically interesting metalcore record ive heard in a long time. everyone needs to check this out and see how far theyve gone since opposite of december
this is a great record
Album Rating: 4.0This grew on me pretty fast. By my 4th or 5th listen I was loving it. Really really really really really good album.
Album Rating: 4.5Actually, accompliceofmydeath (nice), Primack sings a few of the beginning lines of "Purple Sabbath" from the I/III EP.
"From a distance I stare" and "I can taste your blood from here".
As far as I know though, he doesn't do any vocals on The Tropic Rot
Album Rating: 4.0Thanks for the info and actually getting the name reference.
Digging: Gatecreeper - Sweltering Madness
Album Rating: 3.0This didn't quite catch on to me the first few listens but I'm tempted to give it another shot once I clear some hard drive space on my computer.
Album Rating: 4.0
This didn't quite catch on to me the first few listens but I'm tempted to give it another shot once I clear some hard drive space on my computer.
Album Rating: 4.0Iluvatar, where's your review?
Album Rating: 4.5he never reviews what he says he will
he never was what he said he was
Album Rating: 3.5So I heard this was great
It is
Album Rating: 4.5rating too low
Album Rating: 4.0pretty good yeah
Bands: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


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Dozens rally at the capitol to express desire, concern over refusing Syrian refugees
The Paris terror attacks have congressional republicans and many democrats raising concerns over the resettlement of Syrian refugees in the United States.
Dozens of people showed up to the capitol this afternoon to show their support for the governors who have said they would block Syrian refugees from entering their states.
More than half the nation's governors are saying Syrian refugees are not welcome in their state.
We spoke with members of a group today who say they fully support this decision, while those who oppose say not allowing refugees into the United States is a bad idea.
"ISIS is going to take that freedom away from us," said Goldie Murphy. "People, you have to recognize this."
Since the terror attacks in Paris, several states' governors, ranging from Texas to Alabama, and even right here in Arizona are protesting the admission of Syrian refugees.
Those who oppose the refugees being relocated as part of the national program say there are potential security threats, which is something one group who was showing their support outside the capitol today agrees with.
"We the people are no longer," said Murphy. "Our government is running it, taking over, doing what they want to do, they aren't listening to us."
Goldie Murphy applauds Governor Doug Ducey for his opposition.
She says bringing in people from Syria is a danger to our community and she predicts more attacks as a result.
"I can't understand why people don't understand, this is real, it can happen to you."
Arizona Representative Ruben Gallego says although he understands why people have fear; it's not a good thing to act on that fear.
As a former marine he says refusing refugees from any country could hurt our defense.
"When we have this blanket standard, it makes it more difficult for us to go find help in these countries because they don't trust us, so that's why I warn people we shouldn't have this knee jerk reaction because it does affect our national foreign policy."
Only about 15 hundred Syrian refugees have been accepted into the United States since 2011.
The Obama Administration announced that 10,000 will be allowed in next year.
Gallego says the authority over admitting refugees into the country rests with the federal government and not with the states.


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By Joel M. Lerner
Saturday, February 20, 2010; E06
Why is it not surprising that questions this month have been related to the weather? Top concerns included broken plants and snow and ice safety. Readers have also been asking about an invasive alien pest that could overtake the native box elder bug among pests that seek the warmth of your home.
Q: What would you advise homeowners about snow on trees and shrubs? Should we try to brush it off the lower branches? -- Anne M.
A: Fresh snow has a powdery texture. If you can easily sweep it from trees and shrubs with a broom or by hand without damaging the branches, do it. But hardened snow and ice on plants should be allowed to melt. That reduces the chances of damaging the plant.
Q: The snowstorm split a limb in half on a dogwood tree at least 30 years old. It is still partially attached to the tree. Can holes be drilled in the limb in order to attach it with bolts to the tree, or should the limb be removed? -- Shirley J.
A: Unless the limb is threatening a structure, wait to do corrective pruning until the snow and ice melt. Corrective pruning can be completed after you inspect the damage. Snapped tree limbs and shrubs are an unfortunate byproduct of storms of the magnitude we have experienced this winter, and once they break to the point you describe, they should be cleanly pruned from the tree.
Cut the limb just above its branch collar. The branch collar is the widened area at the base of a limb that heals the cut you will have to make to remove the limb. But without seeing the tree, an absolute diagnosis isn't possible.
If the limb is not snapped, you should call a consulting arborist for an assessment. You can find one through the American Society of Consulting Arborists at http://www.asca-consultants.org/directory. This is an expert with at least five years' experience and a degree in an arboriculture-related field or corresponding continuing education credits. A registered consulting arborist has also completed the Consulting Academy and a strict review process.
These professionals don't necessarily perform the work but have many years of experience, are formally trained and will know the best approach. Contact a company that does tree work. Many have a certified arborist on staff qualified to advise you and perform the necessary work. Find a certified arborist through the Tree Care Industry Association at http://www.treecareindustry.org/public/main_about.htm.
Q: How many pounds per 100 square feet are needed or recommended when using calcium chloride as an ice-melting material? -- Sam W.
A: Spread no more than one pound of calcium chloride per 100 square feet on paving. Allow a few hours to let it dissolve into solution before deciding whether to add more. This way you won't add more than necessary. A common misconception is that salt is used for traction. It is an ice-melting material. Contractors' sand, wood chips or small stone chips (quarter-inch) are good traction agents to complement salt. To keep from tracking salt and traction agents indoors, change shoes and wipe pets' paws at the door.
Q: People should be cautioned to steer clear of using clumping kitty litter on icy paths. It creates a mess of glop. Is there a specific type of litter you recommend? -- Sharon A.
A: I received many questions about whether clumping kitty litter is to be used as a traction material. The clumping type is a controversial, clay-based substance (sodium bentonite). It will have a slimy texture when it gets wet and be of no value as a traction agent, and it can be dangerous to your pet's health. Check with your veterinarian.
Non-clumping biodegradable kitty litter is the only type to use as a traction agent on ice. Biodegradable litters are made from various plant resources, including pine wood pellets, recycled newspaper, sawdust, barley and dried orange peel. Two natural litters I know are Feline Pine and World's Best. If you aren't sure whether your litter is the clumping type, try one of the traction agents such as sawdust, fine-textured bark mulch, quarter-inch crushed gravel, contractors' sand or cinders.
Q: I had an infestation of stinkbugs in my home. I was told that a spray applied in the spring to shrubs around my house would prevent them next year. Is this true? What type of spray should be used? -- Judith H.
A: According to the University of Maryland Home and Garden Information Center, stink bugs can be prevented from entering a home by sealing cracks with caulk, using weather stripping around doors and windows, removing window air conditioners and closing all possible entry points. Inside, use a shop vacuum to clean up the bugs, and place the vacuumed material in an outdoor trash receptacle. It should be noted that if many of them are squashed or sucked into a vacuum cleaner, their odor could be quite strong. There are no chemical recommendations available for home use. For heavy infestations outdoors, contact a pest control professional.
Q: Our fireplace does not have a damper. Can you recommend the best way to install the proper type of glass doors? -- Jana B.
A: Good-quality glass doors covering your fireplace are an efficient place to begin. The most important consideration is safety. Get tempered glass that will handle heat, and be sure a screen is supplied. Screens are heat deflectors and a crucial part of avoiding burns. According to a recent article on denverpost.com, without a screen, glass doors can reach 200 degrees Fahrenheit in six minutes and cause second- and third-degree burns.
Proper installation is another consideration. Call several contractors who install glass fireplace doors to find a knowledgeable person to anchor the doors in masonry. Ascertain whether the installer can put in an iron damper. Most important, don't forget to open the damper before lighting fires, and ensure that it has cooled before closing it.
Joel M. Lerner is president of Environmental Design in Capitol View Park, Md.


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The Liyang Hotel (Liyang dajiudian) is located in the city center, about 15 minutes' drive from the airport and 10 minutes' drive from the railway station. It is a three star hotel with 115 rooms ranging from standard rooms to deluxe suites. All contain TV, IDD telephone, private bathroom and central air-conditioning. The most interesting feature of this hotel is its recreational facilities. The owners here are proud to proclaim the largest sauna facilities and artificial beach (with its own artificial sea, real sand and loungers) in the province. Guests may also enjoy the night club, with its karaoke room and dancing hall. Business related services are contained within the two conference halls, able to accommodate 130 and 80 people, and the minimal services of the business center, that has photocopying, fax and typing. Restaurants here specialize in making local delicacies as well as Cantonese, Japanese and Korean food.
19 Jianshe Road ,Changchun,China
Teléfono:No especificadoFax:No especificado


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The Burbank businessman accused of creating a public safety nuisance at Bob Hope Airport by feeding a large flock of pigeons will face trial after a judge denied his request to have the charges against him downgraded from a misdemeanor to an infraction.
Los Angeles County Superior Court Judge Margaret Oldendorf on March 9 denied the request for Charles Douglas, according to a copy of the court docket.
Donald Ingalls, who with Bruce Kaufman represents Douglas, said in February that their client should be facing only an infraction for violating the Burbank municipal code restricting the feeding of pigeons, and should not face the repercussions of a state nuisance charge — a misdemeanor.
Douglas, 59, pleaded not guilty to misdemeanor charges of creating a public nuisance and disobeying a court order in September.
Defense attorneys also said Douglas already faces an alleged probation violation in a related case and that a new charge of being in contempt of court should not apply.
Burbank Assistant City Atty. Denny Wei has said a judge already ordered Douglas not to feed pigeons.
"That's why we're prosecuting him, because he is in contempt of court," Wei said.
Ingalls said that authorities were trying to intimidate his client, and that they "wanted to teach him a lesson."
Airport authorities allege Douglas has been feeding pigeons since September 2010 in violation of Burbank's municipal code, attracting a large flock that poses a threat to aircraft using the Bob Hope airfield.
Douglas is due back in court in April.