text:
Home | About | Contact Us | Publishers | Help | RSS
Most articles
Fewest articles
Showing 1 to 100 of 271 matching Articles
Results per page: 10
Export (CSV)
Rajesh, Venugopalan; Perumal, Perumal
Post to Citeulike
The chemopreventive potential of methanol extract of Smilax zeylanica leaves against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) induced hepatocarcinogenesis was investigated in wistar albino male rats. The animals were divided into six groups. Group I served as normal control group, group II and group III served as extract control received Smilax zeylanica leaf extract 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively once daily orally. A single intraperitoneal injection of NDEA (200 mg/kg) to group IV, group V and group VI animals followed by a single dose of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4, 2 ml/kg) 2 weeks later induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats at the end of experimental period (16 weeks). Starting 1 week prior to NDEA administration, group V and group VI animals received methanol extract of Smilax zeylanica 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively once daily orally for 16 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, the body weight, morphology of liver, relative liver weight, the levels of liver injury and liver cancer markers, the levels of lipid peroxidation and the activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in liver tissue were assessed. Group IV NDEA induced hepatocarcinoma animals showed body weight loss with a significant increase in relative liver weight. The levels of liver injury and liver cancer markers such as alanine transaminase (AST), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), α-feto protein (AFT) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were substantially increased in group IV untreated animals. Moreover, with reference to lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system, group IV animals showed elevated levels of lipid peroxidation with a subsequent decrease in activities of antioxidant enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione (GSH), vitamin- C and vitamin-E in liver tissue. In contrast, the NDEA induced animals in group V and group VI treated with Smilax zeylanica leaf extract showed a significant improvement in body weight gain at the end of experimental period (16 weeks). A significant decrease in relative liver weight with reduced levels of liver injury and liver cancer markers in serum were observed in treatment groups. Moreover, treatment with Smilax zeylanica leaf extract decreased the extent of lipid peroxidation with concomitant increase in activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants when compared with NDEA induced untreated group IV animals. The histological observations of liver tissue too correlated the biochemical observations. Furthermore, the extract did not produce any deleterious effects in extract alone treated groups. These findings suggest that, the potential chemoprevention of methanol extract of Smilax zeylanica leaves might be due to stabilization and increase in all the components of antioxidant system attributed to antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity.
more …
Akowuah, Gabriel A.; May, Lee L. Y.; Chin, Jin H.
1 Citations
Vernonia amygdalina or commonly known as "bitter leaf" in Malaysia has been widely used for the treatment of malaria and diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to examine the possible toxic effect of methanol leaves extract of V. amygdalina after 28 days oral administration in female Sprague Dawley rats. This 28 days toxicity study of V. amygdalina was conducted according to OECD 407 guidelines. Sub-chronic effects of methanol leaf extract of V. amygdalina on liver and kidney functions in female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were examined by measuring the serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubins, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol and triacylglycerol in both control and treatment groups. Based on the results obtained, 28 days administration of V. amygdalina (300, 600 and 1200 mg/kg bw) did not cause any significantly changes in serum biochemical parameters, body weight changed and relative organ weight when compared to the control group. In conclusion, sub-chronic (28 days) oral administration of methanol leaves extract of V. amygdalina at a dose up to 1200 mg/kg exhibited no adverse effects on liver and kidney functions in female SD rats.
Sivashanmugam, Andichettiar Thirumalaisamy; Chatterjee, Tapan Kumar
4 Citations
To study the α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes inhibitory activity in vitro of ethanol (PLEE) and chloroform (PLCE) extracts of Polyalthia longifolia (Sonner.) Thw. leaves and in vivo antidiabetic activity against streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus in rats. In vitro studies were performed using α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes followed by enzyme kinetics using Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis. Acute toxicity studies were performed as per OECD guidelines 423. Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) was used to induce type 1 diabetes mellitus in rats. Changes in body weight changes, blood glucose levels, serum marker enzymes, serum lipid profile, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in liver homogenates were measured and histopathology of pancreatic tissues were done. The IC50 of PLEE for α-amylase was found to be 154.3 ± 2.42 μg/ml whereas PLCE was 180.3 ± 1.35 μg/ml. The IC50 values of the PLEE for α-glucosidase inhibition was found to be 208.7 ± 2.54 μg/ml and PLCE showed at 271.6 ± 0.85 μg/ml. Acute toxicity studies showed that the extracts were safe at 2000 mg/kg b.w. Both the extracts dose dependently reversed the abnormal changes observed in untreated diabetic rats. The effect produced by the ethanol extract was slightly higher than the chloroform extract. The results of this present study suggest that the ethanol and chloroform extracts of leaves of Polyalthia longifolia showed α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes inhibitory activity. The effect was further highlighted by the protection of the extracts against streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus in rats.
Park, Jae-Woo; Bu, Youngmin; Bae, Jinhyun; Lee, Beomjoon; Ko, Seokjae; Kim, Jinsung; Ryu, Bongha
Show all (7)
In traditional Korean medicine, Ulmus macrocarpa Hance is a frequently used herb in South Korea for treating intestinal disorders such as colitis. This study investigated whether water extract of Ulmus macrocarpa Hance (UME) could show a protective action on 2 different mice models of experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS), which have been widely used as inflammatory bowel disease models. Colitis was induced by DSS and TNBS in balb/c mice, respectively. UME at doses of 100, 300, or 1000 mg/kg was orally administered twice a day for 7 d in the DSS model and at doses of 300 or 1000 mg/kg for 3 d in the TNBS model. The body weight of the mice and clinical score were measured daily. Colon length and macroscopic score were assessed on day 7 in the DSS model and on day 3 in the TNBS model. In the DSS model, UME inhibited shortening of colon length and macroscopic damages of the colon, and showed improvement of clinical score, however it did not inhibit weight loss. In the TNBS model, UME did not inhibit weight loss and shortening of colon length. The current results indicate that UME ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice similar to human ulcerative colitis, not TNBS-induced colitis in mice similar to human Crohn's disease. Further investigations to unveil the exact mechanisms are needed.
Dalai, Manoj K.; Bhadra, Santanu; Bandyopadhyay, Arun; Mukherjee, Pulok K.
Show all (4)
3 Citations
Piper betel L. (Piperaceae) is popularly known as betel leaves. In Indian culture betel leaves play an important role for the management of numerous diseases. The present study was an attempt to evaluate the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity of the standardized extract of P. betel leaf. After extraction the P. betel leaf extract was standardized with the help of hydroxychavicol and chlorogenic acid as bio- markers, through HPLC. Further the anticholinesterase inhibitory activities of the standardized extract were evaluated by using 96-well micro plate assay and thin layer chromatography bioassay detection methods. Results of the present study showed that hydroxychavicol isolated from P. betel showed potential enzyme inhibition activity than chlorogenic acid. Moreover, the mixture of hydroxychavicol (HCH) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) in 1:1 ratio have showed more potent cholinergic activity than tested fraction and used bio marker compounds. AChE and BChE inhibition (IC50) of HCH and CGA (1:1) was found to be 21.23 ± 0.33 μg/mL and 45.55 ± 1.89 μg/mL respectively. Outcome of the investigation exhibited that P. betel can be a good lead as anti-cholinesterase agent and could be explored further for its therapeutic potential for the management of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Kamal, Mehnaz; Arif, Muhammad; Jawaid, Talha
In chemotherapy for tuberculosis, leprosy, cancer and stress conditions the immune system are impaired and suppressed. In such situations the effect of adaptogenic phytoconstituents are essential for healthy blood to support optimal oxygen carrying capacity which is important for stamina. The aim of this review is to bring together most of the available scientific research related to adaptogens, those are plant-derived biologically active substances. Adaptogens are the substances that appear to induce a state of non-specific increase of resistance of the organism to diverse assaults that threaten internal homeostasis and improve physical endurance. Supplementation with various plant materials which are the source of vitamins, acids, minerals and other phytoconstituents has been evaluated for their adaptogenic activity during exposure to a stressful environment. This review has been compiled using references from major databases such as Chemical Abstracts, Science Direct, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Abstracts, SciFinder, PubMed, Dr. Duke′s Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. Nature is a rich source of biological and chemical diversity and a number of plants in the world have been used in traditional medicine remedies. This work constitutes a literature review on medicinal plants with its chemical constituents showing adaptogenic properties. Various medicinal plants with its phytochemical constituentsareshowing adaptogenic properties and it is used during chemotherapy in which the immune system are impaired and suppressed.
Meiyanto, Edy; Fitriasari, Aditya; Hermawan, Adam; Junedi, Sendy; Susidarti, Ratna Asmah
Show all (5)
6 Citations
Tangeretin, shows cytotoxic effect on COLO 205 colon cancer cells. Combination of tangeretin with tamoxifen showed synergistic effect and increased the cancer cell sensitivity towards tamoxifen on T47D cells. However, the combination of tangeretin with chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin on breast cancer cells have not been explored yet. Therefore, the aim of this research is to examine the improvement of cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin by tangeretin through cell death induction and cell cycle modulation on MCF-7 and T47D cells. The cytotoxic effect of tangeretin, doxorubicin, and their combination on tested cells were carried out by using MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution was determined by flowcytometer FACS-Calibur and the flowcytometry data was analyzed using ModFit LT 3.0 program. Cell death assay were done by double staining method using ethydium bromide-acridin orange. Single treatment of tangeretin 5–100 μM did not show cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 and T47D cells. The combination of tangeretin 50 and 100 μM with doxorubicin 200 nM (MCF-7) and 7.5 nM (T47D) increased the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin on both breast cancer cell lines. This improvement of cytotoxic effect is due to cell death induction and cell cycle modulation. Furthermore, single treatment of tangeretin showed cell death only on T47D cell and caused G1-phase arrest on MCF-7 cell and G2/M-phase arrest on T47D cell. While doxorubicin induced cell accumulation at G2/M phase in both cancer cell lines. However, combination of tangeretin and doxorubicin increased cell death on both cancer cell lines, compared with doxorubicin by itself. The combination also showed G1-phase arrest on MCF-7 cell and increased cell accumulation at G2/M phase on T47D cell. Based on this result, tangeretin is potential to be developed as co-chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. However, the molecular mechanism need to be explored further.
Pullaiah, Chitikela P.; Narasimha Kumar, G. V.; Jyothsna, K.; Thyagaraju, K.; Nelson, Vinod K.; Dayanand Reddy, G.
Show all (6)
Lysosomal membrane damage suggests that it would be the major contributing factor of myocardial infarction followed by necrosis. The present investigation was carried out on the defensive effect of ethanolic extract of Rosa damascena Mill. L. extract on alterations in myocardial lysosomal enzyme activity and membrane bound Na+/K+ ATPases against isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats. On treatment with isoproterenol (100 mg/kg body weight) for two consecutive days, animals have shown a significant increase in serum creatinine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase and lysosomal enzyme activity; whereas membrane bound Na+/K+ ATPases and tissue antioxidants were decreased. Pre-treatment with Rosa damascena Mill. L. extracts 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight respectively, for 28 days, significantly prevented the alterations and restored the CK-MB, LDH, tissue antioxidants and lysosomal enzyme activity to near-normal status in rats. These findings demonstrate that Rosa damascena could preserve lysosomal integrity through increasing the antioxidant enzyme levels and membrane bound Na+/K+ ATPases integrity. The cardio protective activity of Rosa damascena was further supported by histopathological examination of heart sections. Hence all these findings confirm cardio protective potential of ethanolic extract of Rosa damascena.
Lee, In-Seung; Ahn, Hyun Jin; Kim, Kang-Hoon; Park, Jiyoung; Kim, Yumi; Han, Jin Woo; Kim, Dong Hyun; Jung, Ji Hoon; Jung, Hee Jae; Jang, Hyeung-Jin
Show all (10)
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a cutaneous inflammatory response that is characterized skin lesion, increased cytokines secretion and splenomegaly. Baekho-tang (BHT) has been clinically used for the treatment of heat-related illnesses in Korea. Recently, it was reported that has an effect on epidemics such as hepatitis B, pneumonia, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis and Japanese encephalitis. However, the effects of BHT on ACD is not yet fully studied. Therefore, the aims of this study was to determine the anti-allergic effects of BHT on 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced ACD mice by investigating histopathologic examination of DNFB-induced inflamed tissues. Also, cytokines secretion in serum was determined using multiplex assay. The topical repeated application of DNFB on the dorsal skin of BALB/c mice were manifested the typical ACD. Treatment of different dose of BHT (20 or 80 mg/kg) attenuated DNFB-induced inflamed tissues such as erythema and crust. In addition, there is a trend for decreased serum cytokines levels in the treatment of high dose of BHT. Our results recommend that the high dose of BHT enhances the DNFB-induced ACD in mice.
Jena, Prabhat Kumar; Dinda, Subas Chandra; Ellaiah, P.
The present study was carried out to investigate the anti-pyretic and anticonvulsant activity of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and ethanol extracts of Smilax zeylanica Linn, leaves using experimental animal models. The extracts were screened for alkaloids, steroids, proteins, flavanoids, saponins, mucilage, carbohydrates, tannins, fats and oils. Anti-pyretic activity was evaluated using the brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. The extracts in dose levels of 200 mg/kg orally were used for anti-pyretic studies. The petroleum ether extracts of leaves of Smilax zeylanica Linn produced significant (P < 0.01) anti-pyretic activity. Anticonvulsant activity of above extracts was evaluated by using strychnine induced tonic convulsion of Swiss albino mice. All extracts were able to reduce convulsion in mice. The Ethyl acetate extracts of Smilax zeylanica was found to have good anticonvulsant activity in comparison to other extracts which was verified as statistically significant by using one way ANOVA at 1% level of significance *shows P value < 0.01.
Chung, Hwan-Suck; Kim, Hyung Shik
Bee venom (BV) has been used to treat diseases such as arthritis, rheumatism and pain in many countries. Although BV has recently been used as an additive of functional cosmetics, there is no evidence of the effects of BV on skin inflammation or disease. Here, we show that BV patch attachment or intra-peritoneal injection inhibited in vivo acute inflammation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) using the mouse ear model of inflammation. When we examined the TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta mRNA expression in BV treated ear samples by real time PCR, even though BV treatment had no significant effects, it inhibited TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta mRNA expression when compared to samples treated with TPA alone. BV also inhibited edema (based on ear weight) and inhibited neutrophil infiltration (based on myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity measured as a neutrophil marker). Taken together, these results showed that BV exerted an anti-inflammatory effect in vivo and was beneficial in an animal model of skin inflammation. These results suggest that BV might be beneficial as a topical agent for the treatment of skin inflammation.
Mali, Ravindra G.; Dhake, Avinash S.
12 Citations
In traditional systems of medicine, many plants have been documented to be useful for the treatment of various respiratory disorders including asthma. In the last two decades the use of medicinal plants and natural products has been increased dramatically all over the world. Current synthetic drugs used in pharmacotherapy of asthma are unable to act at all the stages and targets of asthma. However some herbal alternatives employed in asthma are proven to provide symptomatic relief and assist in the inhibition of disease progression also. The herbs have shown interesting results in various target specific biological activities such as bronchodilation, mast cell stabilization, anti-anaphylactic, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, anti-allergic, immunomodulatory and inhibition of mediators such as leukotrienes, lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, platelet activating, phosphodiesterase and cytokine, in the treatment of asthma. This paper is an attempt to classify these pharmacological and clinical findings based on their possible mechanism of action reported. It also signifies the need for development of polyherbal formulations containing various herbs acting at particular sites of the pathophysiological cascade of asthma for prophylaxis as well as for the treatment of asthma.
Belarbi, Karima; Atik-Bekkara, Fawzia; El Haci, Imad Abdelhamid; Bensaid, Ilhem; Beddou, Fawzia; Bekhechi, Chahrazed
Show all (6)
Teucrium pseudo-Scorodonia Desf., is one of many Mediterranean plants widely used in Algerian folk medicine for their medicinal properties. This study represents the first antioxidant investigation of Teucrium pseudo-Scorodonia with different analytical methods. Total phenolic, flavonoid, and condensed tannin contents were determined using spectrophotometric techniques. In vitro antioxidant and radical scavenging profiling was determined through total antioxidant capacity (TAC), DPPH radical-scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and β-carotene bleaching assays. Leaf extracts exhibited high total phenolics (266.36 ± 0.14 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoids (161.23 ± 0.18 mg CE/g DW) and condensed tannins (5.00 ± 0.08 mg CE/g DW) contents. The greatest antioxidant activity was founding in the butanolic fraction of leaves (IC50.DPPH = 0.05 ± 0.00 mg/ml) followed by crude methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction. These values were to some extent high in comparison to the positive control (0.07 ± 0.01 mg/ml). The same tendency was observed with ferric reducing power. A strong correlation of IC50 values of antioxidant assays with total phenolics and total flavonoids content of T. pseudo-Scorodonia was exhibited in this study. Thin layer chromatographic (TLC) screening using DPPH radical, AlCl3 and FeCl3 as detection reagents led to the identification of potent antioxidant compounds: methylated flavonoids or hydroxyflavonols. These results indicate that flavonoids and phenolics can be the major contributors to the antioxidant activity observed for the T. pseudo-Scorodonia leaf extracts. Further study is necessary for isolation and characterization of the active antioxidants, which may serve as a potential source of natural antioxidants.
Zilani, Md. Nazmul Hasan; Islam, Md. Amirul; Khushi, Sharmin Sultana; Shilpi, Jamil Ahmad; Rahman, Md. Mustafizur; Hossain, Md. Golam
Show all (6)
The ethanol extract of tuber part of Colocasia fallax Schott (Araceae) was tested for its potential analgesic and antioxidant activities. Acetic acid induced writhing method was used to evaluate the analgesic activity at the concentration of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight. In order to investigate the antioxidant activity, four complementary test systems, namely, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power assay, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were used. Polyphenolic compounds were also detected by HPLC analysis. The extract showed significant (P < 0.005) analgesic activity with 32.14 and 53.57 % writhing inhibition at the concentrations of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively that was comparable to standard diclofenac sodium (78.57 % at 25 mg/kg). In DPPH radical scavenging assay, the extract showed the IC50 value of 78.94 μg/ml. Reducing power of the extract was comparable to that of butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT). In HPLC analysis of polyphenols, epicatechin, myricetin, trans-cinnamic, syringic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, trans-ferulic acid and rosmarinic acid were detected in the extract (95.95, 52.14, 20.39, 8.32, 8.43, 6.36, 4.18 and 6.73 mg/100 g of dry extract, respectively). Presence of polyphenols in the extract might have attributed towards the observed bio-activity. Present finding also suggests the traditional use of this plant in the management of pain.
Thakur, Ajit Kumar; Chatterjee, Shyam Sunder; Kumar, Vikas
Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Wall. Ex Nees (Acanthaceae) also called as Kalmegh, or "King of Bitters". In Ayurveda, Andrographis paniculata is classified as a Rasayana herb. More than 50 % of the poly-herbal formulations commercialized in India for treatment of liver function disorders contain Andrographis paniculata. Pilot study and general neuropharmacological screening were conducted with analytically standardized Andrographis paniculata extract (AP), to evaluate its therapeutic potential for mental health problems. A battery of rodent behavioral models developed in our laboratory was used for characterizing brain function modulating activities. Daily oral administrations of even very high doses (800 mg/kg) of the extract were well tolerated by laboratory rodents without any apparent behavioral alterations. A single oral dose of the extract (AP 25 to 800 mg/kg) was inactive in mice stress-induced hyperthermia, and apomorphine induced cage-climbing tests in rats. However, dose and duration of treatment dependent efficacy of the extract after its daily doses up to 200 mg/kg/day for 10 days was observed in both the tests. Moreover, dose dependent effects of the extract in suppressing locomotion, potentiating pentobarbital sleep, and antagonizing pentylenetetrazole or maximal electroshock triggered seizures were also apparent after its 10 daily doses up to 200 mg/kg/day. Anxiolytics and antidepressants-like activity of AP treatment was also apparent in rats after 10 daily doses. Therefore, prolonged daily oral intake of Andrographis paniculata extract gradually suppresses central sensitivity to acute stressful stimuli, and eventually down regulates central dopaminergic receptors. Benzodiazepines like anxiolytic and seizure suppressing activities of the extract can be expected after its daily intake.
Tayade, Prashant M.; Chandrasekar, M. J. N.; Borde, S. N.; Joshi, Abhay S.; Angadi, S. S.; Devdhe, S. J.
Show all (6)
Psoralea corylifolia Linn were used traditionally in Ayurveda for the treatment of male sexual dysfunction. The extract was administered (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) to different groups of male rats. The female rats involved in mating were made receptive by hormonal treatment. The orientational activity, body weight, haematoogical parameters were studied and compared with the standard reference drug Yohimbine. Psoralea corylifolia produced significant aphrodisiac activity when compared to Diabetic Control and Normal Control. Psoralea corylifolia Linn showed a significant increase in number of licking, number of anogenital sniffing towards female and number of genital grooming towards self. Whereas significant decrease in number of climbing and nongenital grooming towards self was observed during all time observation in animals treated for 14 days and observation on one day, seven day and fourteen days treatment.
Kandhare, Amit D.; Kumar, V. Shiva; Adil, Mohammad; Rajmane, Anuchandra R.; Ghosh, Pinaki; Bodhankar, Subhash L.
Show all (6)
28 Citations
Peptic ulcer owes its pathological features to disregulated oxido-nitrosative and necrotic changes in gastrointestinal mucosa. Xanthium strumarium L. is a ubiquitous, abundant herb possessing an array of pharmacological properties. In view of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of Xanthium strumarium L., the present investigation was designed to unravel its antiulcer potential in pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer in laboratory animals. X. srtumarium L. leaves were extracted by refluxing with 95 % ethanol to obtained X. srtumarium L. ethanolic extract (XSEE). After 1 h pretreatment period of XSEE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) gastric ulcer was induced by ligation of pylorus portion of stomach. Various parameters including volume of gastric fluid, pH of gastric fluid, free as well as total acidity were measured in the gastric fluid whereas ulcer area, ulcer index, mucin content, superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, total calcium, histamine level, membrane bound inorganic phosphate (Na-K-ATPase), TNF-α level, DNA fragmentation were determined in the gastric tissue. Pretreatment with XSEE (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly and dose dependently (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) decreased ulcer area, ulcer index, macroscopical gastric damage score, volume of gastric fluid, free acidity as well as total acidity and mucin content. It also significantly increased pH of gastric fluid. Rats treated with XSEE (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly and dose dependently (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) attenuated decreased level of superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide and Na-K-ATPase. It also significantly decreased level of myeloperoxidase, calcium and inflammatory cytokine i.e. TNF-α. XSEE treated rats showed significant reduction in the pylorus ligation induced apoptotic changes. The possible mechanism by which Xanthium strumarium exerts its gastro-protective action may be due to free radical quenching, DNA repair and down regulation of oxidative-nitrosative stress along with cytokines.
Qadir, Abdul; Singh, Satya Prakash; Akhtar, Juber; Ali, Athar; Arif, Muhammad
Show all (5)
The date seeds oil is a mixture of different types of major and minor organic components with potential positive health benefits. Thus, the study was designed to conversion of Ajwa verity of Saudi Arabian date seeds into pyrolysis liquid char oil by slow pyrolysis reactor and its phytoconstituents were determined by GC–MS. The date seed in particle form was pyrolysed in an externally heated pan sand bath. The sand bath was heated upto 500–600 °C by means of a burner for pyrolysis and this temperature is measured by means of a mercury thermometer. During pyrolysis, the tar and oil are released from the seeds and collected in a container. The liquid char oil was dissolved in 100 ml methanol and fractionated with 100 ml n-hexane by using separating funnel. Small portion (1 g) of both fraction was subjected to GC-MS analysis. GC-MS analysis results indicated the presence of 40 and 27 different phyto-compounds from n-hexane and methanol fraction. The presence of these bioactive compounds confirms the application of the Ajwa variety of date seeds for various medicinal activities in future drug discovery system and can be analyzed for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardiovascular, anticancer and immunosuppressant activities.
Rajesh, Venugopalan; Kavitha, Kuttappan Nair Valsala Kumari; Vishali, Korrapati; Raju, Chilukamari; Gayathri, Kathirvel; Sruthi, Akella
Show all (6)
The objective of the present study was to assess the hepatoprotective potential of Courouptia guianensis flower extract against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) induced hepatocellular damage. Hepatotoxicity was induced in albino rats by intraperitoneal injection of single dose of N-nitrosodiethylamine 200 mg/kg. Intraperitoneal injection of N-nitrosodiethylamine significantly elevated the levels of liver injury markers and liver cancer markers such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Total bilirubin (TB), α-feto protein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) respectively. N-nitrosodiethylamine induced oxidative stress was confirmed by elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in liver tissue. The status of non-enzymatic antioxidants like, vitamin-C and vitamin- E were also found to be decreased in N-nitrosodiethylamine admininistered rats. However, post-treatment with Courouptia guianensis flower extract 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg orally for 30 days exhibited a significant protective effect by lowering the liver injury and liver cancer markers. On other hand, the extract treatment decreased the extent of lipid peroxidation and was able to normalize the activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in liver. Gross examination and histological observations of liver tissue too correlated with the biochemical observations. These findings suggest that Courouptia guianensis flower extract possess hepatoprotective property against N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced liver damage which might be due to stabilization and increase in all the components of antioxidant system attributed to antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity.
Kim, Dong Ryul; Kim, Sang Beom; Kim, Hye-il; Cha, Wung Seok
Show all (4)
The study and transmission of East Asian medicine had gathered the attention of researchers in various fields in the Western world, especially in the United States. This study reviews various research papers and summarizes key issues in the spread of East Asian medicine in the United States. The propagation of East Asian medicine in the United States is summarized through the key words of who, when, why, and how. In terms of 'Who', Chinese researchers emphasize the role of Chinese parties, while non-Chinese researchers stress the process of internalization. The question of 'When' is also controversial. The oldest origin disputed goes back to the 13th century but Bach Franklin's year 1825 and William Osler's year 1892 seem more meaningful to Americans. This is because acupuncture was first introduced to the American medical community in 1825. Also, Osler is a relatively interesting figure, as he is the founder of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Reasons for the question of 'Why' are mostly practical as the desire for better treatment techniques propelled East Asian medicine's inclusion. Yet historically, the yearning for Chinese culture was partially involved as well as academic reasons. As far as 'How', Sometimes East Asian medicine was spread through books and records, and direct experience of actual practice. Also, institutionalization of the acupuncturist system and the establishment of educational institutions in America show that East Asian medicine has surpassed the point of mere curiosity, and has grown into a substantial part of American society.
Kishore, Lalit; Singh, Randhir
Diabetic nephropathy is a long-term complication of diabetes mellitus. Chronic hyperglycemia leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative stress. Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress are involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of homeopathic preparation of Gymnema sylvestre Mother tincture, 6C and 30 C potencies on diabetic nephropathy in Wistar rats. Diabetic nephropathy was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) 15 min after Nicotinamide (230 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. Rats were divided into six groups (n = 6). Group 1 and 2 was kept normal control and diabetic control respectively whereas Groups 3–5 consist of diabetic nephropathy rats treated with different doses of G. sylvestre Mother tincture, 6C and 30 C potencies for 45 days. Glimepride (10 mg/kg) was used as standard. Diabetic nephropathy was assessed by determining serum glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine level and tissue histological examination. Tissue antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH, LPO) level was measured to assess the oxidative stress. Also the level of advanced glycation end products in kidney was determined. Mother tincture, 6C and 30 C potencies of G. sylvestre produced significant attenuation in the biochemical parameters used to assess diabetic nephropathy. Moreover, oxidative stress and AGE's level in kidney was also found to be significantly reduced. So, it can be concluded that Mother tincture, 6C and 30 C potencies of G. sylvestre have protective effect against diabetic nephropathy via inhibition of Oxidative stress and AGE's.
Lad, Harsha; Joshi, Ankita; Dixit, Deepti; Sharma, Harsha; Bhatnagar, Deepak
Show all (5)
2 Citations
Vitex negundo is a medicinal plant used in Indian and folklore medicines to cure various ailments including arthritis. In the present study, the hydroethanolic extract of V. negundo leaves (VNE) were evaluated for antioxidant, genoprotective and immunomodulatory activity in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) induced arthritis. VNE was evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity using various parameters including plasmid nicking assay. VNE (200 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to FCA induced arthritic rats to evaluate its genoprotective effects on peripheral blood leukocytes using the alkaline comet assay. Furthermore, the effects of VNE treatment on serum proinflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin -1α (IL-1α) and the hematological parameters such as total RBC count, hematocrit and hemoglobin were measured in arthritic rats. The results showed that VNE exhibited potential in vitro antioxidant and DNA protecting activities in a concentration dependent manner. The phytoconstituents of VNE showed a strong and positive correlation with the antioxidant properties. DNA damage in the peripheral blood leukocytes of arthritic animals was significantly decreased after VNE treatment. VNE showed inhibition of serum proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1α) however, the inhibition was statistically not-significant. The arthritic animals showed significant increase in hemolysis, which was restored by VNE treatment. The results of the present study indicate that VNE may be a source of antioxidant, genoprotective with immunomodulatory activity, which may be attributed to its antioxidant phytoconstituents.
Naz, Mamuna; Kamal, Mehnaz
Infertility refers to the biological inability of an individual to contribute to conception over the course of one year. Male infertility refers to a male's incapability to cause pregnancy in a fertile female. Approximately 15% of couples are affected by infertility and among them 40–50% cases are attributed to male infertility. Male infertility is mainly categorized into Azoospermia (AS) and Coital infertility (CI). Many studies have supported that different factors such as varicocele, testicular failure, endocrine dysfunction, genital tract infection, testicular disturbances, testicular cancer, hormonal disturbances, retrograde ejaculation, prolonged exposure to heat, obesity, older age, smoking, alcohol, heavy metals, pesticides, oxidative stress, genetic factors and different environmental and nutritional factors reversibly or irreversibly influence male fertility. Male infertility can be diagnosed by different tools. Diagnosing male infertility problems usually involves physical examination, semen analysis, hormone tests, testicular biopsy, urine test etc. There are different pharmacological, non-pharmacological, combination and ethno-pharmacological treatment options for male infertility. The infertility of known etiology has considerable treatment success rate. However, genetic or idiopathic male infertility has optimized and empirical approach. This review summarizes classification, causes, diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. The article is based on English peer-reviewed articles located on Scopus, Pubmed, ScienceDirect etc.
Bui, Tung Thanh; Nguyen, Hai Thanh
Sophora japonica has been shown many beneficial pharmacological activities, including the neuroprotective effects. Flavonoids, isoflavonoids, triterpenes, alkaloids are bioactive compounds identified presence in Sophora japonica. The present study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of ethanolic extract of Sophora japonica flower buds on scopolamine (SCP)-induced cognitive deficits in mice. The modulatory effect of Sophora japonica on memory impairment was investigated using Y-maze and the Morris water maze tasks. Acetylcholine (ACh) levels and acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) activity were measured in brain tissue to investigate the cholinergic effect of Sophora japonica. Pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10) were also evaluated in mice brain tissue to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Sophora japonica. Scopolamine induced the cognitive deficits in Y-maze and Morris water maze test along with reducing ACh level and increasing AChE activity and inflammation in brain tissue. Treatment with ethanolic extract of Sophora japonica flower buds reduced the SCP-induced memory impairment in both behavioral tests along with reducing inflammation and AChE activity, and increasing ACh level in brain tissue. Our data demonstrated that ethanolic extract of Sophora japonica flower buds enhanced cognitive deficits in mice induced by scopolamine, and it is a promising source for the treatment of Alzheimer.
Kim, Jae Kwang; Tabassum, Nazia; Uddin, Md. Romij; Park, Sang Un
Show all (4)
This review paper was considered to find out the relationship, how to bring together traditional uses and modern pharmacological uses and provide a foundation for a more rigorous systemic investigation of ginseng. Ginseng is well-known worldwide as a medicinal plant. Its traditional and modern medicinal applications have been well documented. This medicinal plant is of great value to the people of Korea, China, and Japan and has been used for many purposes. Though all the parts of these plants have medicinal value, the roots are used most extensively in traditional medicine, especially for its curative and restorative properties. Ginseng is used to treat a variety of illnesses in traditional medicine. It is most effective for impotence, insomnia, anorexia, hypodynamia, diabetes, palpitation, shortness of breath, and hemorrhage. From a modern medical point of view, ginseng possesses a variety of constituents, including ginsenosides, polysaccharides, peptides, and polyacetylenic alcohols that have been used effectively for the central nervous system,neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects. In particular, ginsenosides as an active ingredient have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and immunostimulant properties. The understanding of ginseng efficacy from Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) can provide insights for modern chemical and pharmacological research. Such research will help clarify the pharmacodynamics and mechanisms of action of ginseng.
Gwak, Dowon; Park, Jinbong; Um, Jae-Young; Kim, Dongryul; Kim, Hyunkyung; Cha, Wung Seok
Show all (6)
In ancient society, royal court was the core of authority and as such, almost all of the national resources were available to it. In terms of medicine, it was where the best medical techniques were applied. Especially since producing offspring is very important for the preservation of the throne, the medical treatment related to such an affair would have been the most efficient methods available in the era. This study focuses on the record of pregnancy and childbirth in the royal court of Joseon dynasty (a Korean kingdom that lasted for approximately five centuries, from July 1392 to October 1897) to analyze what medical treatment was used in the period. The pregnancy and childbirth related to the royal family was systematically managed by the state with a specific kind of treatment manual and protocol. Compound use of natural herbal medicine was common among diverse treatment methods. It seems that the oral medication of herbal medicines served to minimize miscarriages and post-natal aftereffects, and for this purpose Angelica Gigantis Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma were frequently used.
Sajib, Amirul Islam; Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman; Das, Abhijit; Sarwar, Md. Shahid; Sarkar, Rakhesh Chandra; Ahmed, Maizbha Uddin; Islam, Mohammad Safiqul
Show all (7)
The present study explored the phytochemical screening, in vitro antimicrobial activity, in vivo antiemetic and antinociceptive potentialities of methanol extract of Erioglossum rubiginosum leaves for the first time. Crude extract of E. rubiginosum and different fractions were assayed for in vitro antimicrobial activity using disc diffusion method. The antiemetic activity was evaluated using chick emesis model; while acetic acid induced writhing test in mice was conducted to determine the antinociceptive activity. Different extracts possess carbohydrate, flavonoids, saponin, tannin, alkaloids, phenol and cardiac-glycoside in varying concentrations. Among different extractives, only the chloroform soluble fraction showed promising antimicrobial activity (zone of inhibition 6.5 to 10 mm) in comparison to positive control−ciprofloxacin, against wide range of tested microorganisms. In antiemetic assay, all the extracts showed significant (P < 0.05) activities; among them both chloroform and carbon tetrachloride extracts showed better activity (inhibition 91 and 90 % respectively) compared to the standard drug metoclopramide (inhibition 74 %). In antinociceptive assay, remarkable writhing inhibitory activity was found for the chloroform extract (53.05 %), while the standard drug diclofenac sodium inhibited 42.01 % writhing of the test animals (P < 0.05). Therefore, further studies and compound isolation are suggested to confirm the mechanism of the key compounds as the plant extracts of E. rubiginosum revealed potential biological and pharmacological activities.
Nam, Kyong Nyon; Jung, Woo-Sang; Park, Ji-Ho; Lee, Eunjoo H.
Show all (4)
Ginsenoside Rb1 has been determined to exert diverse neuromodulatory effects including a stimulatory effect on synaptic formation. Synaptophysin and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) are synaptic proteins which play vital roles in neurotransmission regulation and synaptic structural stability. The present data revealed that ginsenoside Rb1 enhanced mRNA expression of synaptic markers, synaptophysin and MAP2, in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Our results newly add synaptophysin and MAP2 to the list of genes of which mRNA expression is modulated by ginsenosides. Our finding contributes further understanding of medical usefulness of ginsenoside Rb1 targeting hippocampal network alteration which is commonly observed in aging and neurodegenerative disorders.
Mishra, Sunil Kumar; Singh, P. N.; Dubey, S. D.
HPTLC study confirms the presence of stigmasterol (0.51 ± 0.02 % w/w) and stachydrine (0.161 ± 0.01 % w/w) in ethanolic Capparis Zeylanica root extract (EECZ). The sedative effect of the EECZ (100–400 mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated using pentobarbitone-induced sleep and exploratory board tests while the anxiolytic effect was evaluated at the same dose levels, using elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT) and light and dark box shuttle tests. EECZ produced significant (p < 0.05) and dose–dependent sedative effect indicated by shortened onset and prolonged duration of sleep in pentobarbitone-induced sleep test. EECZ produced dose-dependent anxiolytic effect indicated by significant (p < 0.05–0.001) increase in time spent in the open arm and shortened time spent in the closed arm of EPM. EECZ produced dose- dependent anxiolytic activity indicated by significant (p < 0.05–0.001) decrease in the time spent in periphery, freezing and number of fecal bolus with increased time spent in the center of the open field arena. The time spent in brightly lit compartment of the dark–light box was also significantly (p < 0.05–0.001) and dose–dependently increased. The present results showed that EECZ possesses sedative and anxiolytic effects which may be due to the present constituents and thus may be developed as a safe alternative for the therapeutic management of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Das, Jayanta Kumar; Choudhury, S.; Adhikary, S.; Das, B.; Samanta, S.; Mandal, S. C.; Dey, S. P.
Show all (7)
The juice of the fresh leaves of Clerodendrum viscosum is widely used in the treatment of helminthiasis in folklore medicine. In this present study we have investigated the folklore claim methodically and scientifically. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of leaves and roots of the plant are tested against Pheretima posthuma & Ascardia galli to ascertain their anthelmintic potential. All the extracts showed significant anthelmintic activity in dose dependent manner; the ethanolic extract of root at a dose of 200 mg/ml exhibited better anthelmintic activity than the reference drug, Piperazine citrate (10 mg/ml) against both type of worms.
Hong, Mi Kyoung; Kim, Woojin; Lee, Won Bock; Cho, Seung-Hun
Show all (4)
To assess the effectiveness of Korean medicine as complementary therapy for Hwa-byung from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Five electronic databases, including English and Korean, were systematically searched up until August 2015. All RCTs involving Korean medicine in combination with conventional therapy for Hwa-byung were included. Five RCTs involving 323 Hwa-byung patients were systematically reviewed. Among them three studies of 139 patients reported a significant improvement in STAXI-E-in and BDI than control group in the treatment group while no significant improvement in STAXI-S, STAXI-T, STAXI-E-con and STAXI-E-out. The four studies of 189 patients reported a significant improvement in STAI in the treatment group. The results of the included studies suggest that Korean medicine is efficacious for Hwa-byung patients in some specific scale. More research and well-designed, rigorous, and large clinical trials are necessary to address these issues.
Rahman, Md Khalilur; Islam, Md Fokhrul; Barua, Soumitra; Rahman, Md Masudur; Sayeed, Mohammed Abu
Show all (5)
Pandanus odoratissimus, a perennial, large shrub or small tree, has multifarious medicinal uses. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antidiarrheal effects of methanol extracts obtained from leaf and fruit of P. odoratissimus. The methanol extracts from the leaf and fruit of P. odoratissimus were evaluated for the antidiarrheal activity in rats. The effects of the extracts on defecation, intestinal transit and intestinal fluid accumulation (enteropooling) were assessed in castor oil-induced diarrhea. Oral administration of leaf and fruit extracts at 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibited significant (P < 0.05–0.01) and dose-dependent antidiarrheal potential in castor oil-induced diarrhea. The diarrheal episode was inhibited by 34.30 % and 47.60 % by leaf extract, whereas 35.11 % and 47.15 % by fruit extract at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. The extracts were found to possess an antienteropooling in castor oil-induced experimental animals by reducing both weight and volume of intestinal content significantly and also decrease in intestinal transit comparable to that of standard drug, loperamide (5 mg/kg). These findings revealed that methanol extracts of leaf and fruit of P. odoratissimus possess significant antidiarrheal activities.
Thalapaneni, Nageswara Rao; Sabapathi, Mohana Lakshmi; Ansari, Faraz Raza; Mandal, Subhash C.
Show all (4)
The aim of this study is to evaluate antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of methanol extract of Talinum portulacifolium (FORSSK) leaves (Portulacaceae) (METP) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The acute and sub acute antihyperglycemic effect of two different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg,) of METP were investigated. Blood glucose level, serum insulin level, lipid profiles and biomarker enzymes were evaluated in normal and diabetic rats. Liver glycogen content, kidney and liver antioxidant enzymes were evaluated. Supplementation of METP by oral gavage significantly reduces the fasting blood glucose level. This supplementation significantly increases the glycogen level in the liver (32.33 ± 1.453 mg/gm) as compare to diabetic control group (5.66 ± 0.881 mg/gm) (p < 0.001). Elevated serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), and alkaline phosphatase (SALP) were decreased significantly by the treatment of METP with respect to diabetic group. The antioxidant activity was studied in liver and kidney tissues by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase levels. In the METP treated groups, the HDL/LDL ratio was improved and cholesterol and triglycerides levels also decreased significantly. Histopathological studies of the pancreas of these animals showed comparable regeneration by METP. Glibenclamide was used as a standard at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg p.o
Kundu, Mintu; Mazumder, Rupa; Kushwaha, M. D.
Coccinia grandis Linn. (Cucurbitaceae) is a climbing perennial branched herb, distributed throughout India. Other plants under the same family have been reported for their hepatoprotective activity. The aim of this work was to study the hepatoprotective effect of crude ethanolic extract from the leaves of C. grandis against liver damage induced by Paracetamol and CCl4 in rats. Administration of Paracetamol (750 mg/kg/day) and CCl4 (3 ml/kg/day) showed a marked increase in SGOT, SGPT, ALP, bilirubin (total, direct), total proteins, globulin, cholesterol and decrease in albumin in comparison with the normal control group. The effect of ethanol extract of C. grandis at 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg doses reduced the serum activities caused by Paracetamol and CCl4, which were observed to be statistically significant when compared with that of the control group. The activity exhibited/inhibited by the plant extract was found to be comparable to that of the standard hepatoprotective drug, Silymarin. Silymarin provided a better inhibition or exhibition of the biochemical parameters induced by paracetamol and carbon tetrachloride in rats. The activity may be due to the presence of either alkaloids or triterpenoids or reducing sugars or their combinations, as obtained from the preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaves of the plant. The extract showed no signs of acute toxicity up to a dose level of 3.2 g kg−1 in rats by oral route. Thus, it could be concluded that ethanolic extract of C. grandis leaves possessed significant hepatoprotective activity.
Hivrale, M. G.; Bandawane, D. D.; Mali, A. A.
The effect of petroleum ether fraction (50 and 100 mg/kg) and ethyl acetate fraction (50 and 100 mg/kg) of Tamarindus indica Linn. (Leguminosae) seeds was investigated in various experimental models of pain and inflammation. Anti-inflammatory activity of petroleum ether fraction and ethyl acetate fraction was studied using carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma models in rats. Analgesic activity was studied in mice using tail immersion and hot plate models. Both petroleum ether fraction and ethyl acetate fraction significantly (P < 0.01) inhibited carrageenan induced paw edema and granuloma formation in cotton pellet induced granuloma model. Petroleum ether fraction and ethyl acetate fraction significantly (P < 0.01) increased latency to flick tail in tail immersion method and elevated the mean basal reaction time in hot plate method. Phytochemical analysis of petroleum ether fraction showed presence of steroids and ethyl acetate fraction showed presence of flavonoids and tannins. The ethyl acetate fraction was found to be more effective than petroleum ether fraction. Thus the anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential of T. indica seeds may be due to presence of active constituents like flavonoids and tannins present in ethyl acetate fraction.
Mali, A. A.; Bandawane, D. D.; Hivrale, M. G.
5 Citations
The effect of petroleum ether fraction (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and ethyl acetate fraction (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) of Cassia auriculata Linn. (Caesalpiniaceae) leaves was investigated in various experimental models of pain and inflammation. Anti-inflammatory activity of petroleum ether fraction and ethyl acetate fraction was studied using carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma models in rats. Analgesic activity was studied in mice using tail immersion and hot plate models. Both petroleum ether fraction and ethyl acetate fraction significantly (P < 0.01) inhibited carrageenan induced paw edema and granuloma formation in cotton pellet induced granuloma model. Petroleum ether fraction and ethyl acetate fraction significantly (P < 0.01) increased latency to flick tail in tail immersion method and elevated the mean basal reaction time in hot plate method. Phytochemical analysis of petroleum ether fraction showed presence of steroids and ethyl acetate fraction showed presence of flavonoids and tannins. The ethyl acetate fraction was found to be more effective than petroleum ether fraction. Thus the anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential of C. auriculata leaves may be due to presence of active constituents like flavonoids and tannins present in petroleum ether fraction.
Londonkar, Ramesh; Kamble, Abhaykumar
The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant effect of methanol extract of Pandanus odoratissimus lim (MEPO) leaf in wistar albino rats. The animals were grouped differently and administered with Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) (1.5/kg−1 CCl4 1 ml kg−1 in liquid paraffin 3 doses (i.p) at 72 h interval). The extracts at the doses of 50 and 100 mgkg−1 and Liv 52 25 mg kg−1 were administered to the CCl4 treated rats. The effect of extract and Liv 52 on serum transaminase (GOT, GPT), alkaline phosphatease (ALP), bilirubin and total protein were measured in the rat induced by CCl4. The effect of extract on lipid peroxidation (LPO), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione (GSH) and Vitamin E were estimated. The extract and Liv 52 produced significant (P < 0.05) effect by decreasing the activity of serum enzymes, bilirubin, uric acid and lipid peroxidation and significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the level of SOD, CAT, GSH, Vitamin E and protein. Hence these results suggest that Methanolic extract of Pandanus odoratissimus has potent antioxidant properties.
Belmouhoub, Messaoud; Bribi, Noureddine; Iguer-ouada, Mokrane
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of flavonoids rich fractions of Rosmarinus officinalis L. namely n-butanol fraction (BUT) and diethyl ether fraction (D.E). Antihyperglycemic action was studied in vitro through the inhibitory tests on α-glucosidase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In vivo, the antidiabetic effects were tested in both normal and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice using various tests including: the decrease of post prandial hyperglycemia, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), hypoglycemic effect and inhibition of glucose intestinal transporters. The in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition activity showed that both fractions (BUT and D.E) presented a potent effect. The maximum inhibition with D.E and BUT fractions was, 77 and 72% at 250 μg/ml, respectively. In vivo, BUT fraction at 800 mg/kg, showed a significant impact on post prandial hyperglycemia with 40.77% and 28.2% as a maximum glucose level reduction using sucrose and maltose, respectively. In OGTT, the maximum antihyperglycemic effect (51.65%) was also obtained with BUT fraction at 800 mg/kg. When testing the impact on glucose intestinal transport, a dose of 800 mg/kg of D.E fraction exhibited a significant inhibition with 24.12% as a maximum reduction. The present results clearly demonstrated the complementary effect of Rosmarinus officinalis flavonoids rich fractions, resulting to α-glucosidase inhibition and to antihyperglycemic action through glucose transport inhibition and blood glucose level reduction.
Lee, Ji Eun; Kim, Mi Hye; Choi, You Yeon; Lee, Hye Ji; Yang, Woong Mo
Show all (5)
Bone metabolism characterized by bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. Imbalances of osteoclast and osteoblast occurred bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. Eucommia ulmoide, which is a medicinal herb, has been used to treat various diseases. Recent studies showed that E. ulmoides has been studied to treat osteoporosis.The osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells were treated with E. ulmoides extract (0.1, 1 and 10 μg/mL) for 24 h. Bone remodeling-related protein expressions and cell toxicity were examined to confirm the effects of E. ulmoides on regulation of osteoclastic and osteoblastic differentiation.The expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) was significantly decreased, while that of osteoprotegerin (OPG) was significantly increased by E. ulmoides treatment. In addition, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Osterix expressions were significantly increased by treatment with E. ulmoides. The cell viability was not changed in E. ulmoides–treated cells.These results demonstrate that E. ulmoides has promoting effects on bone formation as well as inhibitory effects on bone resorption with no toxicity in Saos-2 cells. Therefore, E. ulmoides may be used as an alternative treatment for osteoporosis.
Kim, Yunna; Chung, Sun-Yong; Cho, Seung-Hun
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has dominated mainstream medicine over the last two decades. There has also been a continuous effort to establish the evidence-base of Korean medicine in various fields. The attitudes and perceptions of neuropsychiatry (NP) residents regarding EBM were investigated to ensure their ability to keep abreast of the progress in the field of medicine. We distributed a questionnaire to all of the residents in all of the Korean medical hospitals in Korea (n = 388). The questionnaire consists of both quantitative and qualitative questions. The overall response rate is 68.30 % (n = 265), while the response rate of the NP residents is 84.84 % (n = 28). The NP residents generally expressed unwelcoming attitudes toward EBM, perceiving it as less necessary compared with the residents of other specialties; the NP residents also had a poor understanding of the basic knowledge that is required to read papers. In a qualitative study, three categories and four themes were identified regarding the advantages of the application of EBM in Korean medicine, while two categories and six themes were identified regarding the barriers that hamper evidence-based practice in Korean medicine. In terms of the acceptance of new evidence, the NP residents lacked both skill and knowledge; the key underpinning factor here is a perceived uselessness. The factors that have formed this tendency should be considered during the formulation of a desirable model of NP practice.
Marghani, Basma H.; Saleh, Rasha M.; Awadin, Walaa F.; Ateya, Ahmed I.
Show all (4)
We investigated the effects of cisplatin (CDDP) on inflammation in general and skin inflammation in particular with application of different treatment models using tadalafil™ (Tad), losartan™ (Los), extracts of grape seed (G.S) and ginko biloba (G.B). Ninety healthy male albino rats were used in this experiment distributed randomly into six groups (n = 15). The duration of the experiment was four weeks. At the end of 1st, 2nd and 4th weeks of treatment, blood samples were subjected to RNA extraction and RT-PCR for interleukin (IL)-1B and IL-18 genes expression. The results showed a significant increase (P < 0.0001) in levels of mRNA genes expression of IL-1B and IL-18 in CDDP exposed rats when compared with control rats. Four weeks after treatment, expression fold changes significantly decreased in all treated groups with variable degrees where Los was the best to decrease the fold changes of IL-1B and IL-18 genes expression. Numbers of blood vessels, CD31 positive proliferating endothelial cells around preexisting skin vessels, CD34 positive blood vessels, perivascular inflammatory cells and total skin inflammatory cells were higher in untreated CDDP exposed rats when compared with control rats. Pathological evaluation revealed that Los followed by Tad then G.B were able to reduce the increased inflammatory markers in blood, skin inflammation and skin blood vessel density in CDDP exposed rats.
Hossain, Hemayet; Moniruzzaman, Sk.; Nimmi, Ishrat; Kawsar, Hassan; Hossain, Akbor; Islam, Amirul; Jahan, Ismet Ara
Show all (7)
The crude ethanolic extract of the bark of Ceriops decandra (Griff.) Ding Hou (Family: Rhizophoraceae) was evaluated for its possible anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in different methods. At the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight, the extract showed a significant anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenan-induced oedema test in rats showing 67.72% reduction in the paw volume (P < 0.01) comparable to that produced by the standard drug indomethacin (69.29%) at 24 h. The percentage inhibition of the oedema paw volume by the 400 mg/kg body weight of the extract was also statistically significant (*P < 0.05 and **p < 0.01) compared favorably with the indomethacin treated animals at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 h. Three complementary test systems for determining the antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract of C. decandra, namely DPPH free radical scavenging, reducing power, total phenolic contents determination were used for the analysis. In DPPH free radical scavenging test, IC50 value for the ethanolic crude extract was found fairly significant (12.90 μg/ml) while compared to the IC50 value of the reference standards ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxy anisole (2.9372 and 4.81 μg/ml) respectively. In reducing power test the absorbance for ethanolic extract was found to be 1.0900 at 100 μg/ml concentration while compared to 2.8111 and 1.0314 for standard ascorbic acid and BHA respectively at the same concentration. The amount of total phenolic content was also determined and calculated as quite high in the ethanolic extract (309.86 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent). Therefore, the obtained results tend to suggest the probable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract of C. decandra bark and justify its use in folkloric remedies.
Rasheed, Arun; Shama, S. Neelufar; Mohanalakshmi, S.; Ravichandran, V.
Show all (4)
Natural substances extracted from plants have recently been considered as potential sunscreen resources owing to high ultraviolet ray absorption and antioxidant activity. The decrease in the intensity of UV radiation reaching the skin through sunscreens may reduce the risk of sun-induced skin cancer. The present study attempts to develop sunscreen lotions, possessing broad spectrum of anti-UV radiation effectiveness with reduced concentration of chemical UV filters, from the extracts of bioactive products such as Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae), Aloe vera (Liliaceae) and Alpinia galanga Willd. The effectiveness of the product was evaluated using Sun Protection Factor (SPF). Curcumin was selected as potential bioactive agents due to their phytochemical compositions possessing considerable content of polyphenolic compounds and Alpinia galanga is used as key ingredient in various commercial sunscreen lotions as it has skin protectant action against UV rays and boosts the activity of conventional sunscreens. The sunscreen lotions were prepared using three different compositions F1, F2 and F3 and evaluated for their stability, safety and SPF. Results showed that the sunscreen lotions were non-mutagenic, non-irritant, stable and possess SPF for normal skin. The efficacy when tested with a standard was observed to be same as that of a marketed sunscreen with SPF 55 and SPF 20. From the present study, formulation F2 having curcumin extract was proved to be stable and effective with high SPF compared to F1 and F3.
Jahan, Ismet Ara; Hossain, Md. Hemayet; Nimmi, Ishrat; Islam, Siblara; Kawsar, Md. Hassan; Islam, Md. Amirul
Show all (6)
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the crude ethanolic extract of the kernel root of Xylocarpus mekongenesis (Lamk.) M. Roem. (Meliaceae) was evaluated in different methods. The extract showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced oedema test in rats showing 69.42 % reduction in the paw volume (P < 0.01) comparable to that produced by the standard drug indomethacin (70.25 %) at 24 h when the extract was fed at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight. The percentage inhibition of the oedema paw volume was statistically significant (p < 0.05) when compared with the indomethacin treated animals at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h. The extract exhibited IC50 value 4.78 μg/ml in DPPH free radical scavenging activity test that was found to be very significant and comparable to that of the standard antioxidants ascorbic acid and BHA (1.9372 and 4.81 μg/ml) respectively. In nitric oxide radical scavenging test, the IC50 value was also found fairly significant 57.37 μg/ml when compared to standard ascorbic acid (36.81 μg/ml). In reducing power test, the maximum absorbance of the same extract was observed as 1.923 at 100 μg/ml and that of ascorbic acid and BHA were 2.8111 and 1.0314 respectively. The extract showed highest antioxidant capacity at 100 μg/ml concentration expressed as equivalents of ascorbic acid (1.44). The total phenolic content of the extract was also found quite high (342.15 ± 0.92 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent). Therefore, the results of this study suggest the probable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract of X. mekongenesis kernel root and justify its use in traditional medicines.
Sreejith, M.; Kannappan, N.; Santhiagu, A.; Marathakam, Akash; Ajith, P. M.; Jasemine, S
Show all (6)
The present study was carried out to investigate the in vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory (XOI) and antioxidant activities of various extracts of the aerial parts of Flacourtia sepiaria Roxb which belongs to the family of Flacourtiaceae. Flacourtia sepiaria is traditionally used as an antidote for snake poisoning, rheumatoid arthritis, gout and kidney diseases. The XOI activity was evaluated by quantifying the decrease in absorbance of xanthine using U-V spectrophotometer. The antioxidant activities of the extract were determined by evaluating its DPPH, superoxide, hydroxyl, nitric oxide radical scavenging abilities, ferrous chelating ability, total phenolic content and flavonoid content. The XOI activity of the methanol extract (IC50 = 8.37 ± 0.21) was found to be significant (P < 0.05) when compared with standard allopurinol (IC50 = 4.18 ± 0.17). All the extracts showed significant antioxidant activity when compared with the standard. The results of this study suggest that the various extracts of the aerial parts of Flacourtia sepiaria has significant XOI and antioxidant activities.
Park, Seong-Yeol; Jung, Su-Jin; Ha, Ki-Chan; Sin, Hong-Sig; Jang, Seung-Hwan; Chae, Han-Jung; Chae, Soo-Wan
Show all (7)
Cordyceps (CS) is a traditional Chinese herb with various biological effects that include immune modulation. CBG-CS-2 is a strain, Paecilomyces hepiali, of the Cordyceps spp. The anti-inflammatory effects of CBG-CS-2 were investigated. The water-soluble fraction of CBG-CS-2 has high anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced Raw264.7 macrophages. We tested the role of CBG-CS-2 on the anti-inflammation cascade in LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 cells. CBG-CS-2 significantly decreased NO production, iNOS expression, and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in a dose-dependent manner. To investigate the mechanism by which CBG-CS-2 inhibits NO, iNOS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, we examined the activities of NF-κB and AP-1 in LPS-activated macrophages. The results demonstrate that CBG-CS-2 suppresses the production and expression of NO, iNOS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-activated macrophages via inhibition of NF-κB and AP-1, which may play an important role in inflammation. These findings suggest that CBG-CS-2 has modulatory effects on the inflammatory system in macrophages, and that it can serve as a useful anti-inflammatory dietary supplement or drug.
Kasture, Sanjay B.; Gupta, Satish Chand; Kotecha, Mita
Balanites aegyptiaca is used traditionally in India to treat psychoses, epilepsy, and rheumatism. The present study is aimed at investigating the anticonvulsant activity of chloroform and hydromethanolic extract of the stem bark of B. aegyptiaca which is commonly used in the Indian traditional medicine. The anticonvulsant activity of the extract was evaluated using Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) - induced convulsions in mice and maximum electro shock (MES) -induced convulsions and lithium- pilocarpine induced status epilepticus in rats. In MES Model, both the extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg p.o.) significantly reduced the duration of hind limb extension. In the PTZ model, both extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg p.o.) delayed the latency to myoclonic spasm and clonic convulsions significantly. In Lithium-pilocarpine model, chloroform extract (100 mg) and hydromethanolic extract (100 & 200 mg) delayed the latency to rearing with forelimb clonus significantly. The results indicate that the extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca possess biologically active compound(s) that have anticonvulsant properties, which support the ethnomedicinal use of the plant as antiepileptic agents.
Cheruth, Abdul J.; Naqbi, Khalfan M. A.; El-Kaabi, A. Abdulwahab A. S.; Odeh, Omar W. Y.; Kandhan, Karthishwaran; Maqsood, Sajid; Kurup, Shyam S.; Sakkir, Sabitha
Show all (8)
Calligonum comosum L'Her (Family: Polygonaceae) are perennial shrub plants growing in the United Arab Emirates, and are being used in traditional medicinal system of UAE. The aim of the proposed study was to evaluate the phytochemicals and in vitro antioxidant activities of the aerial parts of C. comosum. Further, the plant extract was tested for the free radical scavenging activity such as 2, 2′-azinobis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS●+) radical decolorization, DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl, 2-picryl hydrazyl), hydroxyl and nitric oxide radical. The obtained results from phytochemical screening of the plant extracts showed the presence of flavonoid, tannin, carbohydrates, alkaloid, protein, steroids, terpenoids, saponin, phenols and phlobatannin. The plant leaves did not contain cardiacglycoside, anthraquinines and volatile oils. Furthermore, total phenolics content of C. comosum methanolic extract (CCME) and C. comosum Ethyl acetate extract (CCEAE) was 8.15, 4.53 mg/g of extract calculated as quercetin equivalent and the flavonoid was 2.13, 1.67 mg/g of extract calculated as gallic acid equivalent, respectively. The results exhibited a positive linear correlation between these phytochemicals and the free radical scavenging activities. Our findings provide evidence that the CCME and CCEAE posses a potential antioxidants and this justifies its use in folkloric medicines. Thus, a scientific validation of traditional knowledge been achieved in a preliminary level. The plant revealed promising antioxidant activity, and require further studies to throw light on their chemical composition.
Ahn, Meejung; Koh, RyeoKyeong; Kim, Gi Ok; Shin, Taekyun
Show all (4)
8 Citations
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the crude aqueous extract of purple Bordeaux radish (Raphanus sativus L.) (PBR) ameliorates ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats. Animals were divided into the following nine groups: normal, distilled water-treated vehicle control, groups orally administered PBR extract (250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg, daily for 2 weeks), with or without ethanol treatment (5 ml/kg) 24 h after final administration of PBR extract, and a group treated with ethanol alone. Rats treated with PBR extract (250–1,000 mg/kg) for 2 weeks showed no significant effects on body weight and gastric mucosa. Pretreatment with PBR extract at doses of 500 and 1,000 mg/kg, but not 250 mg/kg, significantly ameliorated ethanol-induced gastric hemorrhages in rats (p < 0.05). The immunoreactivities of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and its byproduct nitrotyrosine in the gastric mucosa of ethanol-treated rats pretreated with 500 mg/kg PBR extract were significantly reduced, as compared with rats treated with ethanol alone (p < 0.05). Collectively, these findings suggest that pretreatment with PBR extract ameliorates ethanol-induced damage in the gastric mucosa, which is mediated partly by the anti-oxidative activity of the extract. The precise mechanism of this gastroprotective action of PBR extract should be investigated further.
Jain, Neha; Dwivedi, Jaya; Kasture, Veena S.; Sharma, Swapnil
Show all (4)
Peritonitis is an inflammatory condition of peritoneal cavity. Escherichia coli is one of the causative microorganism reported to be involved in the several etiologies associated with peritoneal infection. Many antimicrobial agents are available; however, increased incidence of microbial resistance is an important concern for medical practitioner. Medicinal plants were used since ancient time for treatment of many infectious diseases, but still the potential of these plant resources is not well explored. Present study was designed to investigate protective potential of Coriandrum sativum seed extract on E. coli induced peritonitis and bacteraemia, when used alone or in combination with Levofloxacin. Different extracts were prepared by successive solvent extraction utilizing solvents of variable polarity viz. petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol (70%). These extracts were assessed for antimicrobial potential utilizing in-vitro well diffusion assay and MIC determination with E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus. Being most potent among other extracts in in-vitro assays, methanolic extract was tested in an invivo model of E. coli induced peritonitis with immune-compromised mice at the dose of 400 mg/kg/day alone and in combination with Levofloxacin (20 mg/kg). Methanolic extract of Coriandrum sativum seeds exhibited potent protective potential against E. coli induced peritonitis and bacteraemia.
Jaiswal, Sunil Kumar; Rao, Ch. V.
Basella alba L. (Basellaceae) is an Indian spinach (English) which have extensively used in constipation, urticaria, diuretic, demulcent and antiulcers. This study was aimed to evaluate the standardized fractions with kaempferol from ethyl acetate extract of Basella alba leaves as gastroprotective, in vivo antioxidant and antisecretory activities in ulcerated rats. In this work the standardized fractions with kaempferol from ethyl acetate extract i.e. bioactive fraction of Basella alba leaves (BFBA) at a doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/b.w was administered orally bis in die for the treatment of acute ulcer induced by ethanol, aspirin, cold restraint stress and pylorus ligation. The in vivo antioxidant enzymes estimation were carried out in cold restraint stress induced ulcer whereas, gastric secretion and mucosal parameters were estimated in pylorus ligation induced ulcer models. BFBA produced significant inhibition of the gastric lesions induced by ethanol (22.82–66.30 %), aspirin (33.16–64.79 %), cold restraint stress (14.55–70.89 %) and pylorus ligation (32.89–69.73 %) respectively as compared to ulcerated control groups. The levels of antioxidant enzymes such as lipid peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were decreases, whereas increases in catalase and glutathione peroxidase values were observed. The results of our studied shown that BFBA possess a significant antiulcer and antisecretory activities probably by reducing the secretion of acids and offering antioxidant protection against oxidative stress-induced gastric damage and by enhancing glycoprotein secretion.
Park, Kyoung-Sun; Hwang, Deok-Sang; Lee, Jin-Moo; Jang, Jun-Bock; Lee, Kyung-Sub; Lee, Chang-Hoon
Show all (6)
The root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (PG) has been used worldwide for thousands of years as a traditional medicine. Among its various beneficial pharmacological effects, the anticancer activity of ginseng has been considered as its most important pharmacological function. We investigated the potential effects of PG on cell growth, colony formation, and migration in 3 major gynecological cancer cell lines: ovarian (A2780 and SKOV3), cervical (HeLa and CaSki), and endometrial (Hec1A) cancers. MTT assay was performed to estimate the cell viability and short-term cell growth, and colony formation assay was carried out to examine the long-term cell growth. Cell migration was also investigated using transwell and wound-healing assay. PG was not significantly cytotoxic to the 3 major gynecological cancer cell lines, but it demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on the colony formation of all the cancer cell lines, except HeLa cells. We also found that PG had an inhibitory effect on the early stages of cell migration. In conclusion, PG has an inhibitory effect on colony formation of gynecological cancer cells and inhibits early stages of cellular migration.
Dhananjayan, Karthik; Arunachalam, Sumathy; Sivanandy, Palanisamy; Parameswaran, Manojkumar
Show all (4)
Rho Kinases regulate a wide range of biological processes, including reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, transcriptional regulation, vesicle trafficking, morphogenesis, neutrophil activation, phagocytosis and activation of the NADPH oxidase, mitogenesis, apoptosis and tumorigenesis. Rho associated coiled coil kinase-II (ROCK-II) is one of the isoform of Rho associated coiled coil kinase. ROCK-II is distributed mostly in the brain and heart. Insilico docking studies was carried out in targeting the crystal structure of ROCK-II with some rare selective flavonoids. Fasudil, well known ROCK-II inhibitor was used as a reference ligand. Amentoflavone and some selective flavonoids were showed lowest binding energy with corresponding dissociation constant (kd) values on comparing with reference ligands. It has been found out that these compounds possess inhibitory activity against ROCK-II through computational analysis.
Ademosun, Ayokunle O.; Oboh, Ganiyu
Fruit juices are commonly consumed in many parts of the world for their nutritional and medicinal benefits. More specifically, Pineapple (Ananas comosus), orange (Citrus sinensis) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) juices are used in folklore for the prevention and management of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, though there is dearth of information on the mechanism for such medicinal benefits. Thetrefore, this study sought to characterize the effect of these commonly consumed fruit juices on phosphodiesterase (PDE), monoamine oxidase (MAO) and angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) activities in rat heart and brain homogenates. The fruits were sourced for and the juices extracted, freeze dried and then reconstituted for the analysis. The abilities of these juices to protect the heart and brain against Fe2+ induced oxidative damage were also investigated in vitro. The results revealed that the juices inhibited PDE, MAO and ACE activities in a concentration-dependent manner in rat heart and brain homogenates with orange having the highest inhibitory ability. The juices also inhibited Fe2+ induced malondialdehyde production in rat heart and brain in a concentration-dependent manner. This study revealed that the inhibition of these enzymes and prevention of oxidative damage could be part of the mechanisms by which these fruits could serve as dietary intervention for the prevention and management of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
Madeswaran, Arumugam; Umamaheswari, Muthuswamy; Asokkumar, Kuppusamy; Sivashanmugam, Thirumalaisamy; Subhadradevi, Varadharajan; Jagannath, Puliyath
Show all (6)
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity of flavonoids using in silico docking studies. In this perspective, flavonoids like Apigenin, Baicalin, Chrysin, Genistein, Scopoletin and Caffeine were selected. Caffeine, a known phosphodiesterase inhibitor was used as the standard. In silico docking studies were carried out using AutoDock 4.2, based on the Lamarckian genetic algorithm principle. In the docking studies, three important parameters like binding energy, inhibition constant and intermolecular energy were determined. The results showed that all the selected flavonoids showed binding energy ranging between −7.59 kcal/mol to −5.66 kcal/mol when compared with that of the standard (−4.77 kcal/mol). Inhibition constant (2.72 μM to 71.03 μM) and intermolecular energy (−8.49 kcal/mol to −6.26 kcal/mol) of the flavonoids were coincide with the binding energy. All the selected flavonoids contributed phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity because of its functional groups. These molecular docking analyses could lead to the further development of potent phosphodiesterase inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
Nizam, Iram; Mushfiq, M.
The fruits of Ficus racemosa were extracted in five different solvents and their total phenolic content (TPC) was determined. They were then evaluated for their antioxidant activities by determining the reducing power, DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, inhibitory effect on Fenton reaction induced oxidative DNA damage and inhibition of β-carotene bleaching. The decreasing order of antioxidant activities is methanol extract (F-Me) > ethyl acetate extract (F-EA) > acetone extract (F-Ac) > chloroform extract (F-Chl) > petrol extract (F-Pet) in all the methods which is in conformity with TPC. The results clearly demonstrate that methanol extract has highest TPC and displayed strongest activity, and can be used to prevent oxidative stress related diseases. The processing of perishable fruits of Ficus racemosa by selective extraction with methanol can give better yield of antioxidants and the extract can be stored as food supplement with longer shelf life.
Kim, Kyuseok; Yun, Younghee; Nam, Hae Jeong; Choi, Inhwa; Ko, Seong-Gyu
Show all (5)
In Western medicine, nasal endoscopy is a useful tool for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR) and for differentiating it from sinusitis. On the other hand, in Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM), clinicians use the technique for pattern identification, a diagnostic method unique to TKM, in patients with AR. However, no reliable studies have been conducted to establish a nasal endoscopy index that is applicable for pattern identification in patients with AR. We developed a nasal endoscopy index for pattern identification-based diagnosis in patients with AR and investigated its reliability in AR patients by evaluating inter- and intra-rater reliability for the assessment of nasal membrane color (pale or hyperemia), rhinorrhea (watery or yellow), and inferior turbinate swelling (hypertrophy). We collected the nasal endoscopic data from patients who visited the department. Six specialists in the department of Otolaryngology of Korean Medicine evaluated 20 nasal endoscopic images on two separate occasions. The intra-rater agreement for pattern identification of each parameterwas generally good to excellent, ranging from 0.62 to 0.79. The inter-rater agreement was moderate to good, ranging from 0.42 to 0.68. This study provides the evidence for anobjective and reproducible technique for using nasal endoscopy in pattern identification assessments of AR patients receiving treatment with TKM.
Pájaro González, Y.; Méndez Cuadro, D.; Fernández Daza, E.; Franco Ospina, L. A.; Redondo Bermúdez, C.; Díaz Castillo, F.
Show all (6)
Free radical oxygen species cause protein carbonylation, an irreversible oxidative damage associated with diseases such as liver injury, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, cancer and Alzheimer. To determine the inhibitory activity of the protein carbonylation and the hepatoprotective effect of ethanol extract of the fruits of Caesalpinia coriaria Jacq (Fabaceae). Scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) and the radical cation 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) of the extract of C. coriaria at 500 mg / L, was evaluated in a preliminary test. Inhibitory activity of the protein carbonylation isolated from mouse liver using Western methodology with dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) probes was evaluated. The hepatoprotective activity of the extract was evaluated in vivo in Wistar rats using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) as toxic orally. The degree of hepatoprotection was determined by measuring the serum liver enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and by histopathological analysis of rat liver. The rate of capture of the radicals DPPH• and ABTS•+ by the extract of C. coriaria was higher than 90 % in both cases. The extract also showed a better inhibitory effect on the carbonylation of the proteins than butyl hydroxytoluene (BHT) used as positive control. The extract of C. coriaria produced a significant reduction of AST concentration (from 1667,67 ± 394,27 to 718,00 ± 24,85 U/L ) and ALT (from 967,67 ± 118,30 to 625.67 ± 60,98 U/L), indicating liver cell damage attenuation. The extract of C. coriaria produced an important antioxidant activity and moderate hepatoprotective effect against CCl4-induced toxicity.
Pandhare, Ramdas B.; Sangameswaran, B.; Mohite, Popat B.; Khanage, Shantaram G.
Show all (4)
In India, Adenanthera pavonina is traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and lipid disorders. In the present study, the antihyperglycaemic and lipid lowering effect of Adenanthera pavonina seed aqueous extract (APSAE) was evaluated using streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats. Streptozotocin was given at the dose of 55 mg/kg, i.p. After induction of diabetes, APSAE was administered for 30 days p. o. and simultaneously different biochemical parameters like plasma glucose, HbA1c, serum triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were estimated. Diabetic control showed significant increase (P < 0.01) in plasma glucose, serum triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and significant decrease (P < 0.01) in serum HDL-cholesterol and HbA1c. Treatment with APSAE showed significant reduction (P < 0.01) in plasma glucose when compared with diabetic control. The elevated levels of serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.01) by APSAE. APSAE treatment for 30 days showed significant decrease in serum LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.01) and significant increase in serum HDL cholesterol level (P < 0.01). Moreover, diabetic control there was significant decrease in HbA1c which was significantly increased (P < 0.05) by treatment with APSAE. Hence, from the result obtained in the present study it can be confirmed that Adenanthera pavonina has the potential to treat diabetes condition and associated lipid disorders.
Choi, Han-Seok; Seo, Hye Sook; Kim, Soon Re; Choi, Youn Kyung; Kim, Ilhwan; Hur, Hansol; Na, Changhyeok; Shin, Yong-Cheol; Ko, Seong-Gyu
Show all (9)
In the present study, we analyzed the effect of Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cells. For this purpose, we treated RAW264.7 cells with various concentrations of AGN and LPS for indicated times. Then, we performed WST assay, trypan blue assay, counting of activated cells, FACS analysis and western blot. We found that AGN inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. AGN caused G1 cell cycle arrest, and prevented the phosphorylation of AKT, ERK, p38 and NF-κB induced by LPS. AGN also reduced iNOS and Cox-2 mRNA expression level induced by LPS. It also diminished intracellular ROS level induced by LPS. Moreover, AGN decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and induced PARP and caspase-3 cleavage suggesting that AGN causes apoptosis. Our study clearly showed that AGN may be beneficial to prevent/treat inflammatory diseases and cancer.
Jin, Jong-Sik; Lee, Jong-Hyun
Siraitia grosvenorii, an herbaceous perennial vine, is native to Southern China and Northern Thailand. This species is well known for its fruit, which is commonly called "luo han guo" or "luo han kuo" in Chinese; "la han qua" in Vietnamese; or arhat, Buddha, or monk fruit in English. Phytochemical research has shown that the fruit of this species is rich in triterpene glycosides that are very sweet, low in calories, and may be used as a substitute for sugar. In addition, many compounds have been isolated from the vines and leaves of S. grosvenorii, including β-amyrin, aloe emodin, aloe-emodin acetate, 5α,8α-epidioxy-24(R)-methylcholesta-6,22-dien-3β-ol, p-hydroxyl benzyl acid, n-hexadecaoic acid, 12-methyltetradecanoic acid, β-sitosterol, and daucosterol. Moreover, a new flavandiol, siraitiflavandiol, has been obtained from ripe S. grosvenorii fruit, while 2 kaempferol glycosides have been isolated from the unripe fruit. Pharmacological results have also shown that S. grosvenorii extracts and purified mogrosides exhibit antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antiallergic effects. Overall, S. grosvenorii could potentially serve as an important source of pharmaceutical and sweetener compounds for a wide range of food products.
The cytoprotective effect of methanol extract of Smilax zeylanica leaves on benzo(a)pyrene induced experimental lung cancer was investigated in swiss albino mice. Lung cancer was induced by 50 mg/kg body weight of benzo(a)pyrene, given orally twice a week for four successive weeks to male swiss albino mice. Benzo(a)pyrene induced mice were treated with methanol extract of Smilax zeylanica leaves once daily orally started 1 week before benzo(a)pyrene induction and continued for 16 weeks. At the end of the experiment various parameters were analyzed. It was observed that, the treatment with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg methanol extract of Smilax zeylanica leaves effectively suppressed the lung cancer as revealed by significant decrease in number of nodules in lung with a significant weight gain during experimental period. Moreover, with reference to lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system, Smilax zeylanica leaf extract decreased the extent of lipid peroxidation with concomitant increase in the activities of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E) levels compared to lung cancer bearing untreated animals. Histopathological examination of lung tissue too correlated with morphological and biochemical observations. Furthermore, the extract did not produce any deleterious effects in extract alone treated groups. Our data suggest that, the potential chemoprevention of methanol extract of Smilax zeylanica leaves might be due to stabilization and increase in all the components of antioxidant system attributed to antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity.
Rehman, Muneeb U.; Ahmad, Bilal; Arif, Ahmad; Rasool, Saiema; Farooq, Adil; Razzaq, Rahil; Bhat, Showkat Ahmad; Bashir, Sumaira; Shabir, Ovais; Amin, Insha; Masoodi, Mubashir; Rahman Mir, Manzoor; Shah, Mohammed Yaseen
Show all (13)
Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP)) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of numerous forms of cancer, but it has marked adverse effects, namely nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, diarrhoea etc. CDDP-induced emesis and diarrhoea are also noticeable toxicities that may be due to intestinal injury. Zingerone; a phenolic alkanone, one of the active components of ginger, possesses multiple biological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of zingerone against CDDP-induced jejunal toxicity. Animals were divided into five groups I-IV (n = 6). Group II, III and IV received single intraperitoneal administration of CDDP at 7.5 mg/kg body weight on day 14. Animals of group II and III received oral treatment of zingerone at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight respectively for 14 consecutive days. While groups I was given distilled water 5 ml/kg body weight for 14 days. All the animals were killed after 24 h of CDDP injection. Zingerone ameliorated CDDP-induced lipid peroxidation, increase in xanthine oxidase activity, glutathione depletion, decrease in antioxidant and phase-II detoxifying enzyme activities. Zingerone attenuated CDDP-induced nuclear factor (NF-κB) activation, enhanced levels of TNF-α and Nitrite. The results showed that zingerone had not only the antioxidant effect by suppression of ROS, but also anti-inflammatory effects by suppression of NF-κB activation. In addition, zingerone treatment suppressed gene activation of pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, which was up-regulated with CDDP administration through NF-κB activation. These experiments strongly indicate that zingerone treatment exercises a protective efficacy by suppressing both oxidative stress and inflammation through the modulation of key pro-inflammatory cytokine and transcription factors.
Ingale, Suvarna P.; Kasture, Sanjay B.
Herbal remedies for human brain disorders are much preferred over synthetic drugs because of various side effects of synthetic drugs ranging from sleep disorders to withdrawal syndromes. Passiflora incarnata Linn (Passifloraceae) has been widely used in traditional medicine in West India, Mexico, the Netherlands, and South America. It has been used as an anxiolytic and sedative-hypnotic since ancient times. The main constituents of leaves of P. incarnata are flavonoid and indole alkaloids based on β -carboline ring system viz., harman, harmine, harmalol and harmaline. Harmine and harmaline alkaloids are reported to be effective antiparkinsonian compounds. The objective of present investigation was to evaluate antiparkinsonian activity and antioxidant activity of butanol extract of P. incarnata leaves (BEPI). Antiparkinsonian activity of BEPI was studied using haloperidol induced catalepsy and tacrine induced jaw movements. The antioxidant activity of BEPI was studied using DPPH scavenging assay and H2O2 scavenging assay. The results of present study has shown that butanol extract of P. incarnata leaves (BEPI) (150 mg kg−1 and 300 mg kg−1, i.p.) significantly (p ≤ 0.001) reduced the duration of haloperidol induced catalepsy as well as tacrine induced jaw movements. BEPI has also shown significant antioxidant effect. The result obtained in current study indicates that BEPI posses antiparkinsonian as well as antioxidant activity which may be useful in symptomatic relief of PD and to prevent progression of PD.
Rajesh, Venugopalan; Baby Kala, Maathan
Annona muricata Linn. also called "Soursop" or "Sharp Sharp" is traditionally used in treatment of cancer. There are many claims that Annona muricata L. can kill cancer cells, since its leaves, seeds and fruits contain active compound called annonaceous acetogenins. This research was aimed to evaluate the antiproliferative and chemopreventive effect of Annona muricata L. leaf extract against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and benzo[a]pyrene induced lung carcinoma. In Ehrlich ascites carcinoma model, the tumor bearing mice treated with methanol extract of Annona muricata leaves 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg once daily orally started 24 h after inoculation significantly reduced the viable cell count. The dose level of 400 mg/kg showed a significant increase in non-viable count with a significant decrease in body weight of animals compared to EAC control animals. The haematological parameters were reverted to more or less normal levels in animals treated with extract 400 mg/kg. In benzo[a]pyrene induced lung cancer model, treatment with extract started 1 week before benzo[a]pyrene induction and continued once daily for 16 weeks, effectively suppressed lung cancer. There was a significant increase in weight gain during experimental period with a significant decrease in relative lung weight and serum cancer marker - carcinoembryonic antigen at the end of experimental period. Gross morphology of lung also appeared near normal to lung of normal animals. Moreover, with reference to lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system, Annona muricata leaf extract decreased the extent of lipid peroxidation with concomitant increase in activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione compared to lung cancer bearing untreated animals. It was observed that extract 400 mg/kg showed a significant protection against benzo[a]pyrene induced carcinogenesis. Histological examination of lung tissue too correlated with morphological and biochemical observations. Our data suggest that, the potential anti-proliferative and chemopreventive action of Annona muricata leaves might be due to cytotoxic mechanism against cancer cells in the pathway of apoptosis and inhibition of cell cycle. Furthermore, our in-vitro investigation on extract showed a potent free radical scavenging activity. An additional antioxidant property of Annona muricata leaves might be responsible for chemoprevention by stabilizing all the components of antioxidant defense which were disturbed during benzo[a]pyrene induced oxidative damage.
Rahman, Shafiur
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacological potential of the ethanolic extract of Zizyphus mauritiana bark. Antioxidant, analgesic, cytotoxic and antidiarrheal activities of the extract were investigated using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, acetic acid induced writhing inhibition, brine shrimp lethality bioassay and castor oil induced diarrhea inhibition respectively. The extract showed remarkable free radical scavenging activity with an IC50 of 27.47 μg/mL. The extract produced significant (P < 0.001) writhing inhibition at the doses of 250 mg and 500 mg/kg in acetic acid induced writhing in mice. With the extract, significant lethality to brine shrimp was found with LC50 value at 92.79 μg/mL. In antidiarrheal activity test, the extract produced 1.25 h latent period of diarrheal induction and 75.2% inhibition in diarrheal episodes compared to positive standard which showed 1.3 h of latent period and 80.55% inhibition in diarrheal episodes. Different phytoconstituents present in the bark might be responsible for biological activities found with this study. The results of this study support the traditional uses of this plant part and could form the basis of further investigation including compound isolation.
Lee, Jun-Ho; Lee, Jong-Hyun; Jin, Jong-Sik
Traditional medicine has been used for a very long time, but scientific evidence regarding the therapeutic properties of traditional medicine has recently been required. Many components of herbs have been isolated, and their biological activities, evaluated. However, many of these herbs need to be biotransformed by bacteria in the large intestine in order to be biologically activated. The presence or absence of metabolically active bacteria in the large intestine is therefore important for biological activation. Inter-individual differences exist in the composition of human intestinal bacteria; biotransformation of traditional medicine outside the human body by using bacterial strains such as lactic acid bacteria (which are considered safe) has been used in an attempt to overcome such differences. This process yields what is referred to as fermented traditional medicine (FTM). FTMs have garnered attention for their enhanced biological activity compared to traditional medicine. Several studies using single herbs and formula support the availability of FTMs. However, the concrete concept of FTM is not yet established, and further discussions regarding the bacterial strains that have been used during fermentation and their safety are necessary. This report provides a general review and discussion of FTM with a view to promote better usage and safety in the future.
Kit, Wei S.; Priya, Madhavan; Chin, Jin H.; Mariam, Ahmad; Akowuah, Gabriel A.
Show all (5)
Hazelnut (Corylus cornuta) is good source of natural antioxidants. Natural antioxidants are very important in the food industry for preparation of functional foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial activity against selected bacteria and antiradical potency of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of dehulled hazelnut kernel. Dried sample powder was extracted with ethyl acetate and methanol. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts on Streptococcus pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albicans was evaluated by the disk diffusion method. Total phenolic content and antiradical potency of the extracts against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical were determined. Fingerprints of the extracts were developed by using HPLC. Total phenolic content of the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts were 0.67 and 0.58 mg gallic equivalent/g, respectively. Minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) of the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts on S. pneumonia were 0.15 mg/ml and 0.76 mg/ml. Similar MIC values of 100 mg/ml on K. pneumonia were obtained for each extract. The extracts were inactive against Candida albicans. Observation of bacteria under light microscope revealed lower cell count and morphology changes as compared to control. The extracts exhibited free radical scavenging activity against DPPH radical. Qualitative HPLC analysis of the extracts showed the presence of caffeic acid, gallic acid, and vanillic acid. This study shows that hazelnut has antimicrobial and antiradical activities hence, eating the nuts may help to prevent infectious diseases.
Taur, Dnyaneshwar J.; Patil, Ravindra Y.
Abrus precatorius Linn (Fabaceae) is a climbing shrub; leaves are pinnate with many pairs of leaflets. Leaves 5–10 cm long, leaflets 10–20 pairs, opposite, flowers are pink clustered. The roots, stems, and leaves contain glycyrrhizin, sweet in taste. Leaves are traditionally have been used in the treatment of fever, asthma and caries of teeth. Clonidine induces catalepsy by releasing histamine from mast cells which is responsible for different asthmatic conditions. The leaves of A. precatorius traditionally used for asthma, hence objective of present study was to evaluate antihistaminic activity of A. precatorius using clonidine induced catalepsy in mice. In present study ethanol extract of A. precatorius leaves (EAPL) at doses 100, 125, 150 mg/kg i.p were evaluated for antihistaminic activity using clonidine and haloperidol induced catalepsy in mice. Finding of investigation showed that chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) and EAPL inhibit clonidine induced catalepsy significantly P < 0.001 when compare to control group, while CPM fail to inhibit haloperidol induced catalepsy. Present study concludes that EAPL possesses antihistaminic activity.
Han, Jae-Bok; Im, Chang-Rak; Lee, Jung-Woo; Kim, Sung-Soo; Seong, Shin
Show all (5)
Klatskin tumor is known to be highly resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Although surgical resection is the treatment of choice if possible, the prognosis is very poor after the surgery. In this report, we present an unusual case of 57-year-old woman who has been living for more than 4.5 years after the diagnosis of unresectable Klatskin tumor with palliative treatments and Korean Medicine treatment including Wild Ginseng Pharmacopuncture. Brief reviews on Klatskin tumor and Wild Ginseng Pharmacopuncture are also added.
Mehta, Piyush; Lohidasan, Sathiyanarayanan; Mahadik, K. R.
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has played a vital role in human health and welfare for a long period. Traditional Chinese Medicine prescription is the prime application scheme of TCM. Combination of two or more medicinal herbs is one of the most important and fundamental characteristic of TCM prescription. In light of their simplicity and the basic qualities of complex prescription, multi herb formulations (extract, decoction and etc) are of great significance in the considerations of herb compatibility, standardization, safety evaluation, therapeutic potential and mechanism of action of multi herb formulations. Several research papers have been published that state therapeutic activity of multi herb formulations but few are discussing the exact role of herbal combinations. To provide satisfactory data about rationality and compatibility of these TCM prescription and for pharmacokinetic profile, we reviewed the pharmacokinetic profile of 30 different clinically important TCM prescriptions.
Basar, M. H.; Hossain, S. J.; Sadhu, S. K.; Rahman, M. H.
Show all (4)
Various literatures recorded approximately 60 medicinal plants in Bangladesh that have antidiabetic properties. Of these medicinal plants, only 14–16 are found in traditional herbal markets and they are being randomly used to treat diabetes. Since diabetes mellitus increases reactive free radicals along with various complications in the body, antidiabetic plants that can potentially neutralize free radicals, may be of central interest to manage the disease. Present study compares functional bioactive components such as total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins contents and antioxidant potential of methanol extracts of antidiabetic medicinal plants that are common in traditional herbal markets. Among the 14 extracts, Syzygium cumini was very rich in total polyphenol content (294 mg gallic acid equivalent, GAE/g) followed by Swertia chirata (183 mg GAE/g) and Ficus racemosa (bark) (154 mg GAE/g). These three extracts also had elevated amount of flavonoids and anthocyanins. S. cumini showed very high DPPH and NO free radical scavenging activities with IC50 of 6.25 and 48.61 μg/mL respectively followed by S. chirata and F. racemosa (bark). S. cumini also showed very high reducing power and total antioxidant capacity followed by S. chirata and F. racemosa (bark). In addition, the study revealed strong correlation between phenolics and reducing power (r = 0.94). Hence, among the 14 extracts, S. cumini, S. chirata and F. racemosa (bark) are potential sources of antioxidant agents. Therefore, these three medicinal plants have diverse beneficial effects on physiological health and they might be the choice of plants to treat diabetes.
Mishra, Satyaranjan; Mekap, Suman Kumar; Patra, Sradhanjali; Dhal, Nabin Kumar; Sahoo, Sabuj
Show all (5)
The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the in-vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of extracts of Vitex negundo (VN) root, Oroxylum indicum (OI) whole plant and Oleanolic acid acetate (OAA), an isolated phyto-constituent from VN root extracts against some selected human pathogens causing infections of UT, GIT and skin. Methanol : dichloromethane (1:1) was used as solvent for extraction. The antioxidant potential of VN, OI and OAA was evaluated by DPPH method. Agar well diffusion and Poison food method (mycelial fungi) were employed for evaluating antibiogram pattern. The minimum inhibitory (MIC) concentration of the test agents was determined. VN, OI and OAA scavenged the DPPH free radical with an IC50 value of 35.11, 42.71 and 24.17 μg/ml respectively. OAA exhibited comparative higher inhibitory zones and broader spectrum followed by VN and OI. OI, VN and OAA inhibited S. flexneri 1457, E. coli 118 and S. enterica typhimurium 98 at 39.06, 39.06 and 19.53 μg/ml respectively. OAA inhibited the growth of both yeast and mycelial fungi at a comparative lower concentration (μg/ml) as compared to VN and OI, justifying OAA to be a potential antimicrobial candidate. OAA registered potent antioxidant activity followed by VN and OI which might be attributed to its triterpenoid chemical moiety. OAA registered higher zone of inhibition and restriction with lowest MIC values against the tested bacterial and fungal pathogens of UT, RT and skin followed by VN and OI, comparable with reference antibiotics, claiming it to be a potential antimicrobial agent.
Das, S. K.; Pansuriya, P. V.; Shukla, S. T.; Gohil, K. J.; Roy, S. P.; Choudhury, A.; Sutariya, V. N.
Show all (7)
In the present study we evaluated the antiulcer and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract from stem of the plant Vallaris solanacea (roth) Kuntze using various experimental models in Wister albino rats. The methanolic extract was prepared for evaluation of antiulcer activity with dose [3.2 milligram (mg)/kilogram (kg) and 6.4 mg/kg] by using models–pylorus ligation (PL) and ethanol induced gastric ulcer in rats. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by estimation of lipid peroxidation and catalase activity in the ethanol induced gastric ulcer model in rats. The results obtained from present study revealed that Vallaris solanacea methanolic extract (VSME) decreases the ulcer index significantly (p < 0.001) compared to the positive control group (Ranitidine 30 mg/kg) in both models at the both dose level. VSME also showed significant ulcer inhibition at both dose levels. In PL model of ulcer VSME decreased the volume of gastric juice, pH, total and free acidity. VSME also shown significant (p < 0.001) antioxidant activity by reduces the lipid peroxidation (LPO) and increases the catalase (CAT) activity. Present study shows that the VSME possess dose dependent antiulcer and antioxidant activity. However, further studies are required to focus on the molecular mechanism of responsible phytochemical constituents and establish exact mode of action involved in its antiulcer and antioxidant action.
Nahata, Alok; Gupta, Nishant K.; Dixit, Vinod K.
Testosterone is a representative natural steroid hormone with potent androgenic and anabolic properties and consequently used by youngsters and athletes to achieve bodies with lean muscle mass, improve skin elasticity as well as increase endurance and tolerance to strenuous exercise. The long-term use of marketed preparations containing testosterone can result in latent health risks to consumers. There are genuine demands for continuous development of highly sensitive and effective quantification methods for analytically monitoring the illegal use of testosterone. Previously existing methods like HPLC-UV, HPLC-MS and GC-MS are time consuming as well as tedious operation procedures limit their use. Hence a simple, precise, accurate, sensitive and reliable method for determination of low concentrations of testosterone in biological fluids viz., serum has been developed. The developed spectrofluorimetric method provides a faster and low cost quality control by simultaneous routine analysis of testosterone in biological fluids as well as marketed preparations containing testosterone.
Patil, Basavaraj S.; Mastiholimath, Vinayak S.; Kulkarni, Anandrao R.
14 Citations
In the present study, wound dressing films were fabricated using Seed Husk of Psyllium (SHP) complexed with povidone iodine and were evaluated for various physicochemical properties as well as wound healing activity in albino rats. The required film properties for the successful wound dressings, such as film elongation (elasticity), tensile strength, water uptake and water vapor transmission rates (WVTR) were examined. Results indicated that SHP films showed good elasticity (80.27–116.24%) and acceptable tensile strengths (8.33–22.13 N/mm2). SHP films were evaluated for water absorption pattern as well as permeation to water vapours and results showed that films were able to swell in water upto 167 to 191% w/w and WVTR were in the range between 8.23 × 10−3 to 1.12 × 10−4 g.cm2/day. Selected formulation of SHP films with optimum characteristics were loaded with Povidone iodine (PI) solution by soaking method and were evaluated for antimicrobial and wound healing activity on excision wound model. Results indicated that PI loaded films showed significant antibacterial activity against both gram positive and gram negative selected bacteria. PI loaded SHP films showed comparatively better wound healing property to control group with faster epithelialization and greater rates of wound contraction.
Hossain, Amir; Islam, Fahrima; Saifuzzaman, Md.; Saeed, Md. Afjalus Siraj; Islam, Md. Khirul; Murshid, Gazi Md. Monjur; Rahman, Md. Mustafizur
Show all (7)
Boehmeria macrophylla is a perennial herb used as folk medicine in Bangladesh for the healing of pathologic conditions like fever, trauma, dermatitis, boils etc. After phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of B. macrophylla (Urticaceae) leaf (BMET), in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated by free radical (DPPH) scavenging assay. Total tannin, phenolic and flavonoid contents were also estimated. Analgesic, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities were evaluated by 'acetic acid induced writhing inhibition in mice', 'brine shrimp lethality bioassay' and 'disk diffusion assay', respectively. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and terpenoids. The extract showed scavenging activity with IC50 value of 39.76 μg/mL whereas IC50 was 6.86 μg/mL for ascorbic acid. The extract also showed the total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin content as 439.48, 356.84 and 395.42 mg QE/100 g of dried plant extract. BMET showed 32.91 % and 54.2 % writhing inhibition in mice at doses 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively. BMET showed LC50 against brine shrimp nauplii at 33.16 μg/mL. The extract also showed antibacterial activity against Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus ferus. The results suggest that BMET has antioxidant, analgesic, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities.
Mahaldar, Kamanashis; Saifuzzaman, Md.; Irin, Tanzira; Barman, Apurba Kumar; Islam, Md. Khirul; Rahman, Md. Mustafizur; Islam, Md. Amirul
Show all (7)
The methanolic extract of Solanum violaceum L. (Solanaceae), commonly known as Indian Nightshade, has been subjected to analgesic, anthelmintic and acute toxicity studies. Acute toxicity was examined for a period of seven days at doses of 2.0 g/kg (i.p.) and 5.0 g/kg (p.o.) in mice. Analgesic activity (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) was assessed following acetic acid- and hot plate-induced pain on mice model. Live parasites Paramphistomum cervi Z. (Paramphistomatidae) and Haemonchus contortus R. (Trichostrongylidae) were used to evaluate anthelmintic activity at concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/mL. The extract showed no toxicity sign at both of the doses. In analgesic tests, extract inhibited 26 % and 58 % abdominal constriction at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively, and significantly (P < 0.01) raised pain threshold at both doses. Fastest paralysis occurred in both species of helminths at higher concentrations (100 and 200 mg/mL). The relative index values for paralysis in H. contortus were 1.69, 1.04, 0.57 and 0.31 at the used concentrations mention above. The relative index of death in H. contortus suggested that S. violaceum is parasiticidal at high concentration. Likewise, relative indexes for paralysis and death in P. cervi proposed that S. violaceum is strong parasiticidal agent and comparable with albendazole. These results corroborate the traditional uses of S. violaceum in analgesia and helminthiasis and explain it on scientific grounds.
Swami, Uma S.; Lande, Aniruddha A.; Ghadge, Prachi M.; Adkar, Prafulla P.; Ambavade, Shirishkumar D.
Show all (5)
The present study was performed to investigate anxiolytic activity of aqueous extract of roots of Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant. & Fern. and effect on brain GABA level. The anxiolytic activity of the aqueous extract (20, 60 and 200 mg/kg) was evaluated in mice. Extract was administered intra-peritoneally (Acute treatment) or orally (14 days repeated dose study). The elevated plus maze test (EPM), open field test (OFT), light and dark test (L/D), actophotometer and rotarod were used to evaluate exploratory, sedative and muscle relaxant activities in mice respectively and level of GABA was determined in mice brain. Acute treatment with aqueous extract of roots of C. borivilianum 60 and 200 mg/kg i.p increased time spent and entries in open arm of EPM, increased number of square travelled at center in OFT, increased time spent and entries in light area in L/D model. In chronic study 60 and 200 mg/kg p.o showed anxiolytic activity whereas 60 mg/kg p.o is more persistent and prominent. Chronic administration did not produced tolerance to the anxiolytic activity. GABA level in mice brain was not changed after treatment with 60 and 200 mg/kg of extract indicating drug may act through other mechanism like serotonergic or adrenergic system. Result of present study justifies the use of Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant. & Fern. in traditional medicine for the management of anxiety. Aqueous extract showed significant anxiolytic activity at 60 mg/kg and 200 after acute and chronic treatment without sedative effect.
Gharate, Manisha; Kasture, Veena
Punarnavasava, an Ayurvedic liquid dosage form containing self generated alcohol is commonly used to treat inflammatory conditions and edema. In the present study, we evaluated anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, and antiulcer activity of three different brands of Punarnavasava. The formulation significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma, formalin-induced paw licking, yeast induced hyperpyrexia and pyloric ligated ulcers in rats. The study concludes that Punarnavasava has anti-inflammatory, central as well as peripheral antinociceptive, antipyretic and antiulcer activity and thus justifies its use in inflammatory conditions.
Arafat, Syed Yeasin; Nayeem, Mohammad; Jahan, Sharfiat; Karim, Zarifa; Reza, Hasan Mahmud; Hossain, Md Hemayet; Shohel, Mohammad; Alam, Md Ashraful
Show all (8)
The present study was undertaken to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Momordica charantia in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The experimental rats were randomly divided into four groups. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and biochemical analysis for oxidative stress parameters and liver function marker enzymes were analyzed for each group of rats. Moreover, histological staining was also performed on liver sections. Momordica charantia supplementation prevented the rise of blood glucose level and improved oral glucose tolerance test in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Liver marker enzymes such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were increased in alloxan induced rats which were normalized in Momordica charantia supplemented group. In addition, elevated level of oxidative stress markers were also observed in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Momordica charantia supplementation significantly restored the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) enzymes activities and increased reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration in diabetic rats. Histological assessments confirm the mononuclear cell infiltration and fibrosis in liver of alloxan induced diabetic rats which were ameliorated by Momordica charantia supplementation. The present investigation suggests the hepatoprotective nature of Momordica charantia in diabetic rats probably by attenuating oxidative stress and improving the antioxidant competence in hepatic tissues.
Kasture, Sanjay; Mohan, Mahalaxmi; Kasture, Veena
7 Citations
Medicinal plants have been a rich source of medicines. Mucuna pruriens is extensively used in Ayurveda to treat kampavat (Parkinson's disease in modern medicine), a disease characterized by excess of Vata. Clinical and preclinical studies have substantiated claims on its efficacy and safety in PD and there are indications that it is more effective than the levodopa in reducing dyskinesias. Several constituents of Mucuna seeds such as genistein, gallic acid, unsaturated acids, nicotine, bufotenin, harmin alkaloids, lecithin, etc. have been isolated which possess neuroprotective activity and support the antiPD activity of levodopa. The review describes various constituents of Mucuna pruriens seeds in context to therapeutic utility in treating Parkinson's disease. Since the conventional treatment of PD using levodopa with other add-on drugs is very expensive and Mucuna pruriens seeds are easily available and economic, the use of standardized extract of Mucuna seeds may drastically reduce the cost of treatment and also reduce the progression of disease. The review emphasizes the importance of holistic approach of Ayurveda in using the Mucuna pruriens in treatment of PD. Further studies may provide an approach to understand the mechanisms involved in treating PD with lesser adverse effects.
Dodda, Dilip; Ciddi, Veeresham
Various mechanisms including polyol pathway along with a complex integrating paradigm with oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products (AGE) formation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The present study was aimed at investigating a well known antioxidant, pterostilbene for its therapeutic role in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. The effect of pterostilbene was investigated by assessing the key markers of kidney function along with the morphological changes in the kidney. Further, the effect of pterostilbene on the formation of AGEs, aldose reductase (AR) inhibition and lipid peroxidation was compared with that of a standard AR inhibitor, fidarestat. The results revealed that pterostilbene significantly decreased the blood glucose levels, urinary protein excretion, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen in diabetic rats. Administration of pterostilbene to diabetic rats decreased kidney lipid peroxides and nitrate levels along with decrease in AGEs formation. In addition, pterostilbene was found to inhibit kidney AR activity with a decrease in serum TGF β levels. Thus, the results obtained in this study underline the potential of pterostilbene as a possible therapeutic agent against diabetic complications such as nephropathy.
Sheikh, Bassem Yousef; Zihad, S. M. Neamul Kabir; Sifat, Nazifa; Uddin, Shaikh J.; Shilpi, Jamil A.; Hamdi, Omer A. A.; Hossain, Hemayet; Rouf, Razina; Jahan, Ismet Ara
Show all (9)
In addition to the rich nutritional value, date palm is also used in various ethnobotanical practices for the treatment of various disease conditions. Present investigation was undertaken to examine the neuropharmacological and antinociceptive effect of the ethanol extract of three date cultivars growing in Saudi Arabia, namely Ajwah, Safawy and Sukkari. Neuropharmacological effect was observed by pentobarbitone induced sleeping time, open field, and hole board test. Antinociceptive activity was tested by acetic acid induced writhing and hot plate test. The date extracts were also subjected to HPLC analysis to detect the presence of common bioactive polyphenols. All the three date extracts extended the pentobarbitone induced sleeping time, reduced locomotor activity in open field test and reduced exploratory behaviour in hole board test in mice. The extracts also reduced acetic acid induced writhing and delayed response time in hot plate test. The activities were stronger for Ajwah than the other two date cultivars. HPLC analysis indicated the presence of trans-ferulic acid in all three cultivars, while (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin only in Ajwah and Safawy. The observed neuropharmacological and analgesic activity could be partly due to the presence of (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin and trans-ferulic acid, three important plant polyphenols well known for their neuroprotective activity and their ability to exert antioxidant activity on brain cells. Present investigation also supports the ethnobotanical use of date palm to provide ameliorating effects in pain and CNS disorders.
Karwasara, Vijai Singh; Nahata, Alok; Dixit, Vinod Kumar
Camptothecin (CPT) represents a clinically useful class of anticancer agent. Proper identification and quantitation of the CPT in the plant extracts and in-vitro cell culture extracts is fundamental to assess the CPT content and its biosynthetic potential in plants. A simple, sensitive and rapid, spectrofluorimetric method has been developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of camptothecin. The method was validated in terms of linearity (2–20 ng/ml), precision (intra-day variation below 0.15, inter-day variation below 1.2), and accuracy (98.0 to 100.2%). The limit of detection and limit of quantification for CPT were found to be 0.10 ng/ml and 0.36 ng/ml, respectively. The developed spectrofluorimetric method provides a rapid and cost effective method for the routine analysis of CPT in plant extracts and tissue culture samples. The developed method was successfully used for the estimation of CPT in natural plant extracts and cell culture extracts. The Nothapodytes nimmoniana callus cells having nearly 3-fold higher CPT content over the leaf (0.005%) explant of the plant. The highest CPT content was found in the stem part (0.092%) followed by the fruit (0.088%). The method is simple, sensitive and precise; it can be used for the routine quality control testing of formulations containing CPT.
Darvhekar, Vaibhav M.; Tripathi, Alok S.; Jyotishi, Shriramji G.; Mazumder, Papiya Mitra
Show all (4)
Musa sapientum L. (Musaceae) a medicinal plant, is indicated for the treatment of various diseases including Diabetes in folklore medicine. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Musa sapientum (MS) bark juice in Diabetic gastroparesis and in-vivo antioxidant effect in animal model. Diabetes was induced in rats by administering alloxan (120 mg/kg) in saline solution and housed for 6–8 week. Assessment of diabetes was done by GOD-POD method. The effects of MS bark juice (100 ml/kg) on gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, contractility of fundus, pylorus and gastric acid secretion were observed in alloxan induced chronic diabetic rats. In addition the effect of MS bark juice on the tissue homogenate, oxidative stress parameters was evaluated like Lipid peroxidation (LPO), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Reduced Glutathione (GSH). MS bark juice significantly (p < 0.01) Lowered the blood glucose level and at the same time contractility of fundus and pylorus was reduced significantlly (p < 0.01). Moreover gastric emptying time, Intestinal transit time and gastric acid secretion were elevated. There was significant decrease in the levels of LPO and increase in the level of antioxidant enzymes GSH, SOD and CAT in MS bark juice treated group. Thus the present study suggests the effect of MS bark juice in treatment of gastroparesis by altering the oxidative stress parameters.
Ambavade, Shirishkumar D.; Misar, Ashwini V.; Ambavade, Prashant D.
Sterols are an essential component of cell membrane of both the animal and plant cell. Cholesterol and β-sitosterol are prevalent in animals and plants respectively. β-sitosterol is biosynthesized in plants via mevalonic acid pathway. Consumption of β-sitosterol in vegetarian diet is high however it is very less absorbed. β-sitosterol competes with cholesterol for absorption due to similarity in their structure therefore is used as antihyperlipidemic agent. Pharmacological screening of β-sitosterol revealed various activities like antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antifertility, angiogenic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, antinociceptive without major toxicity. Pharmacokinetics of β-sitosterol is also studied well. Many formulations have been prepared by various authors. However, there is paucity of scientific review of the pharmacology, phytochemistry and analytical methods for β-sitosterol. β-sitosterol is very common ingredient of most of the plant materials, humans are using it for different purposes and many β-sitosterol-containing products have been marketed, therefore, knowledge of its properties with scientific basis is not only of academic interest but also of those who use β-sitosterol as well. Present review compiles and discusses in details the literature on β-sitosterol focusing on its biosynthesis, pharmacology, neutraceutical aspects, toxicology, formulations and analytical methods. This review opens new perspective for the investigations of biological properties of β-sitosterol and development of new formulations for treatment of various diseases.
Kulkarni, Preeti; Patel, Vishal; Shukla, S. T.; Patel, Ankur; Kulkarni, Venkatrao
Show all (5)
The present investigation aims to examine the antihyperglycemic potential of Rourea minor (Gaertn.) root in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. The root of Rourea minor (Gaertn.) was extracted using ethanol and water and tested for acute toxicity by up and down staircase method. The aqueous Rourea minor (Gaertn.) water (RMW) extract and ethanolic Rourea minor (Gaertn.) extract (RME) at 200 and 400 mg/kg bodyweight doses were screened for blood glucose lowering capacity in normal and STZ induced diabetic animals; the blood samples were collected from the retro orbital plexus and analyzed for serum glucose (SG) level. Glibenclamide (GLB) was used as a standard. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out in normal as well as STZ induced diabetic rats whereas, insulin tolerance test was carried out in diabetic rats. At the end of 15 days treatment, serum triglyceride (STG), total cholesterol (STC) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) were assayed by auto analyzer. The results of acute toxicity showed that the animals had good tolerance to single doses of RME/RMW (as high as 3 g/kg) and were non-lethal. The glucose tolerance test in normal rats showed that treatment of RME, RMW (both 400 mg/kg), RME (200 mg/kg) and GLB (0.5 mg/kg) exhibited significant reduction (p < 0.001) in SG level over a period of 120 min of oral administration of root extract. After 15 days of daily oral administration of the extracts to STZ induced diabetic rats, higher dose of RME could reduce hyperglycemia to an extent of maximum 43.14 %. Also the ethanolic extract was more effective in reducing the SG level (OGTT in STZ induced diabetic rats) with improved glucose tolerance compared to an aqueous extract. Both the doses of RME and RMW exhibited significant reduction (P < 0.001) in all tested lipid parameters as compared to diabetic control rats and restored them to nearly-normal values.
Ebaid, Reham; Elhussainy, Elhussainy; El-Shourbagy, Safinaz; Ali, Sameh; Abomohra, Abd El-Fatah
Show all (5)
Although copper oxide nanoparticles (nano-CuO) are one of widely used engineered nanoparticles, their human and animal exposure led to particular structural changes in tissues and organs. The present study was undertaken to examine the protective effects of the blue-green microalga Arthrospira platensis against nano-CuO-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Results showed that nano-CuO injection led to significant reduction in serum albumin level with a significant increase in alanine transaminases (ALT) and aspartate transaminases (AST) activities after 24 h of administration. In addition, nano-CuO administration resulted in significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and catalase (CAT) activity, with a significant reduction in reduced glutathione (GSH) level. Administration of A. platensis alone did not significantly alter the normal levels of aminotransferase enzymes, antioxidants or oxidative stress marker. However, pretreatment with A. platensis prior to nano-CuO intoxication attenuated the levels of ALT, AST (liver function markers) and MDA (lipid peroxidation marker). It also normalized the levels of both hepatic enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants (CAT and GSH, respectively). In conclusion, the present study confirmed the hepatotoxicity of nano-CuO at 10 mg kg−1 administration dose. However, administration of A. platensis could represent a significant protective mechanism against hepatotoxicity.
Kim, Hyun-Ju; Um, Jae-Young; Kim, Yun-Kyung
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the glutathione S-transferase (GST) null genotype is related to an increased susceptibility to diseases associated with several types of cancer. This study investigated the risk of developing gastric or colorectal cancer related to the GST polymorphisms in the Korean population. Genotyping was performed on the subjects including 102 subjects with gastric cancer (GC), 172 subjects with colorectal cancer (CRC), and 200 healthy subjects as the control group. As a result, the GST theta1 (GSTT1) null genotype was associated with a 1.5-fold increased risk of developing CRC (95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.1–2.3, P = 0.04). A significant association was found between the CRC and the combined genotypes of the GST mu1 (GSTM1) and GSTT1 (odds ratio = 2.1, 95 % CI = 1.1–4.2, P = 0.03). There were no significant associations between the GST polymorphisms and the GC subjects. These results suggest that the GSTT1 null genotype is associated with an increase in the risks of CRC in the Korean population.
Datta, Poulami; Mukherjee, Sanghamitra; Dasgupta, Subir Chandra; Gomes, Aparna; Gomes, Antony
Show all (5)
Rheumatoid arthritis is nowadays major problem among the aged old people in the society. During the past few decades there has been a dramatic increase in the use of natural herbal products for the treatment of this disease. Theaflavin (TF) is the chief flavonoid of black tea and possess anti oxidant, anti inflammatory property. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of TF, chief flavonoid of Black tea on experimental arthritic animal model. Rheumatoid arthritis was induced in animal models by Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Male albino Wister rats (120 ± 10 g) were used and they were divided into 5 groups: Group 1: Sham control; Group 2: Arthritis control, Group 3: Standard (Indomethacin), Group 4: TF treated (low dose), Group 5: TF treated (high dose). Anti-arthritic activity of TF was examined through urinary, serum, synovial fluid parameters, bone ash parameters, histological, radiological studies of joints, SEM studies of joint architecture and cell cycle analysis. It has been observed that urinary parameters changed significantly in arthritic group as compared with sham control and the change was significantly restored in TF treated and standard drug treated groups. Serum enzymes, serum cytokines, synovial cytokines, bone ash minerals levels were restored significantly in TF treated groups as compared with arthritic groups. Histological, radiological and SEM studies of the joint/bone architecture showed restoration of the structural architecture of the arthritic joint/bone after TF treatment. TF treatment significantly arrested the cell cycle of white blood cells at Go/G1 phase. The findings showed that TF possess distinct anti-arthritic activity in animal model and further studies are warranted on the mechanism of action.
Ye, Minsook; Joo, Hwansoo; Lee, Kye Seok; Kim, Won Seob; Bae, Hyunsu
Show all (5)
Parkinson's disease (PD) involves the neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons, which is accompanied by neuroinflammation in the substantia nigra (SN). Mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) exhibit microglial activation-induced inflammation as well as DA neuronal damage. In this study, treatment with Pogostemon Cabin (PC) prevented the degeneration of the Dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). This neuro-protective effect of PC was associated with microglial deactivation and a reduction in CD4+ T cell infiltration. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that PC exerts its neuroprotective function via its anti-inflammatory properties and that PC could be employed as a novel therapeutic agent for PD associated with neuroinflammation and CD4+ T cell infiltration into central nerve system.
Patel, Jigar S.; Galani, Varsha J.
The effect of antidepressant treatments have traditionally been discussed primarily in terms of effects on noradrenergic and serotonergic systems. Mucuna Pruriens L (D.C) (Leguminoseae) is widely used in Indian folk medicine in variety of disease conditions. Based on nervous protective action of Mucuna Pruriens seeds, investigation of noradrenaline and serotonin mediated antidepressant action of hydroalcoholic extract of the M. Pruriens seeds (MPE) (200 mg/kg, p.o) was carried out using forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) in mice. Further, combination of MPE with Reboxetine (1 mg/kg, i.p.), Prazosin (62.5 μg/kg, i.p.), Fluoxetine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and p-chlorophenyl alanine (p-CPA 100 mg/kg, i.p.) were also studied in both the tests. Noradrenaline and serotonin neurotransmitters were measured in whole brain of mice after 14 days treatment of MPE. Result of the present study indicated that 7 days and 14 days treatment of MPE produced significant reduction of the immobility time in the FST and TST respectively. Further, antidepressant like activity of MPE was significantly reduced by Prazosin and enhanced by Reboxetine in the FST and TST. Antidepressant like action of MPE was also significantly reduced by p-CPA and enhanced by Fluoxetine in the both FST and TST. The neurotransmitter estimations revealed the levels of noradrenaline and serotonin were increased with 14 days MPE treatment. Reboxetine potentiated and Prazosin reversed MPE mediated rise of noradrenaline level. Similarly, Fluoxetine potentiated and p-CPA reversed MPE mediated rise of serotonin level. From the results of the present study, it is concluded that hydroalcoholic extract of M. Pruriens seeds possess antidepressant like property which may be mediated via interaction with the noradrenergic and serotonergic systems.
Rajesh, Venugopalan; Perumal, Perumal; Aruna, Ponnala
Purple grapes are believed to be beneficial to human health. Many of the health benefits attributed to purple grapes are due to phytoconstituents that are concentrated largely in grape skin. Resveratrol, a polyphenol isolated from seeds and skin of grapes has shown a wide range of pharmacological activities including prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The present study was to evaluate the hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity of grape skin extract and resveratrol on rats fed with high-fat diet. The results showed that oral administration of grape skin extract 500 mg/kg body weight and resveratrol 20 mg/kg body weight showed a significant improvement in lipid profile. A significant reduction of atherogenic index was observed with grape skin extract 500 mg/kg body weight. In addition, high-fat diet induced changes in levels of hepatic tissue lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were reverted back to normal levels by grape skin extract 500 mg/kg body weight. The histopathological investigation of liver showed normalization with grape skin extract 500 mg/kg body weight. These findings suggest that purple grape fruit, containing plenty of phytoconstituents has a great potential as a natural source beneficial for patients suffering from hypercholesterolemia and preventing or be helpful in reducing complications of dyslipidemia associated disorders.
Ahmadipour, Ahmad; Sharififar, Fariba; Pournamdari, Mostafa; Bamkan, Ali Mandegari; Hosseini, Azam; Afrapoli, Fateme Moradi; Karami-Mohajeri, Somayyeh
Show all (7)
This study was aimed to evaluate the protective effects of methanolic extract of Zataria Multiflora Boiss (Z. multiflora) against oxidative stress induced by malathion (MT) in male Wistar rats in comparison to N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n: 8) and treated daily for 28 days. They received MT (150 mg/kg), Z. multiflora methanolic extract (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg), and NAC (200 mg/kg) alone or in combination. This study included a histopathological examination of liver tissue in parallel with measurement of serum aminotransferases. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, total glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation end products in plasma and tissue were also measured. Subacute exposure of rats to MT resulted in a significant morphological change in tissue, an increase in plasma aminotransferases, and oxidative damage. Both NAC and Z. multiflora at the dose of 200 mg/kg significantly reduced MT-induced oxidative stress by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, increasing the content of glutathion, and restoring the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Biochemical and histological observations also showed a dose dependent hepatoprotective effect of Z. multiflora extract against subacute exposure to MT.
Mohammed Raouf, Ghazwan A.; Vaibhav, Kumar; Khan, Andleeb; Tabassum, Rizwana; Ahmed, Md. Ejaz; Javed, Hayate; Chander, Krishan; Islam, Fakhrul; Siddiqui, M Saeed
Show all (9)
It is well known that plant products are helpful in ameliorating heavy metal toxicity in experimental animals. Here, we investigated the effect of Terminalia arjuna (TA) bark extract (25 and 75 mg/kg p.o.) on lead acetate (LA; 150 mg/kg; i.p.) induced oxidative stress, hepato and nephrotoxicity in male Swiss albino mice. In the present study, morphological alterations in three organs- liver, kidney and brain have been analyzed by H&E staining. The lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were also estimated. The functional tests showed a higher grade of liver and renal toxicity in LA-treated mice. We observed an acute LA-induced injury in liver, kidney and brain as indicated by vacuolated tissue architecture with huge loss of cells. Acute lead exposure for 24 h leads to enhanced LPO in liver, kidney and brain with concomitant reduction in GSH content and CAT, SOD, GR and GPx activities. However, treatment of mice with TA bark extract reduced the serum markers of liver and renal toxicity and resulted in protection of histological features and reduced the LPO content and increased the GSH level significantly. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were also restored by the treatment of TA Bark extract. These findings suggest that TA bark extract is able to mitigate adverse effects of lead acetate induced toxicity and can be used as pharmacological intervention against metal toxicity.
Kim, Dong Ryul; Chung, Kyung-Hwa; Kim, Seung-Kyu; Back, Hyung-Chan; Cha, Wung Seok
Show all (5)
There are many names for the medicine that people around East Asian countries have used for thousands years. This is partly because it encountered medicine from abroad, and partly because it has been used worldwide. This paper discusses the different names used for medicine of East Asian origin and the tendencies in using specific names that appear in the literature. We selected 17 names that appeared to represent this type of medicine based on frequency and circumstantial meanings to retrieve PubMed articles spanning 1919 to 28th Oct. 2014: 'Alternative Medicine,' 'Chinese Medicine,' 'Classical Chinese Medicine,' 'Complementary Medicine,' 'Complementary and Alternative Medicine,' 'East Asian Medicine,' 'Eastern Medicine,' 'Kampo Medicine,' 'Korean Medicine,' 'Korean Traditional Medicine,' 'Oriental Medicine,' 'Traditional Chinese Medicine,' 'Traditional Korean Medicine,' 'Traditional Japanese Medicine,' 'Traditional Vietnamese Medicine,' and 'Unconventional Medicine'. Based on the literature review of PubMed data, it was found that Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is most frequently used among the aforementioned names as it appeared in 41.49 % (8,958 out of 21,588 papers) of the papers retrieved. Complementary and alternative medicine is next at 20.89 % (4,511 out of 21,588 papers). The use of these two names is increasing rapidly, but further analysis shows that Chinese are more likely to use TCM while non-Chinese tend not to use TCM.
Upadhyay, Aadesh; Chattopadhyay, Pronobesh; Goyary, Danswrang; Mazumder, Papiya M.; Veer, Vijay
Show all (5)
Cleome viscosa L. (Cleomaceae) is known as Asian spider flower distributed throughout the greater part of India and widely used traditional medicine of Indian-Ayurvedic and Chinese-medicine system. In the present study, petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water successive extracts of C. viscosa leaves were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and in vitro fibroblast proliferation. In vivo wound healing activity performed on mice excision model using gentamicin sulfate (0.01 % w/w) hydrogel as reference standard. Petroleum ether (CvPE) and chloroform (CvCE) extracts of C. viscosa were found inactive in antioxidant evaluations, whereas methanol extract (CvME) showed potent DPPH (IC50-56.39 μg/ml) and superoxide scavenging activity (IC50-919.70 μg/ml) with highest gallic acid equivalency, among all other extracts. CvME showed with 0.5 mg/ml MIC against B. subtilis and S. aureus. In vitro evaluation for fibroblast proliferation showed that CvPE (59.73 %, 200 μg/ml) and CvCE (71.95 %, 200 μg/ml) decreased the cell viability as compared to normal control, whereas CvME (119.72 %, 50 μg/ml) and water (CvWE) extract (103.80 %, 25 μg/ml) induced the fibroblast proliferation. In vivo wound healing experiment showed that topical application of CvME (2.5 % w/w) and gentamicin sulfate hydrogel significantly increased the wound contraction (75.30 % and 78.74 %), respectively as compared to vehicle control group on 12th post-operative day. Histopathological evaluation also suggested the increased infiltration of fibroblast and abundant hair follicle growth in CvME and gentamicin sulfate and supported the in vitro findings of fibroblast proliferation. Thus the above results justify the rationale of the traditional use of C. viscosa as a wound healing medicine.
Hossain, Hemayet; Jahan, Ismet Ara; Howlader, Sariful Islam; Shilpi, Jamil Ahmed; Dey, Shubhra Kanti; Hira, Arpona; Ahmed, Arif
Show all (7)
The present study was designed to investigate the inflammatory and antioxidant activities of ethanolic leaf extract of Brownlowia tersa (L.) Kosterm. The anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extract was studied using carrageenan and histamine-induced rat paw edema test at different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight). DPPH free radical scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging, reducing power, Fe++ ion chelating ability and total phenolic content were used for determining antioxidant activities. The extract, at the dose of 400 mg/kg, showed a significant anti-inflammatory activity (P < 0.01) both in the carrageenan and histamine-induced edema test models in rats showing 54.76 % and 56.96 % reduction in the paw volume comparable to that produced by the standard drug indomethacin (64.88 % and 67.09 %) at 4 h respectively. In DPPH free radical scavenging test, IC50 value for ethanolic extract was found fairly significant 39.33 μg/ml when compared to the IC50 value of the reference standards ascorbic acid and Butylated Hydroxy Anisole (BHA) (3.16 and 5.81 μg/ml) respectively. The IC50 values of the extract and ascorbic acid were 99.06 and 39.35 μg/ml, respectively in nitric oxide scavenging assay. The maximum absorbance for reducing power assay was found to be 1.276 at 100 μg/ml when compared to 2.821 and 1.231 for standard ascorbic acid and BHA respectively. The IC50 value of the extract as percentage of Fe++ ion chelating ability was also found significant compared to that of EDTA. The total phenolic content was 211.82 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent. Acute toxicity test showed that the plant might be safe for pharmacological uses up to a dose level of 3,200 mg/kg of body weight in rats. Therefore, the obtained results suggest the acute anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract of Brownlowia tersa leaves and thus provide the scientific basis for the traditional uses of this plant part as a remedy for pain and inflammations.
Ganguly, Kuntal; Jagadeesh, N. V.; Singh, Rakesh; Thippeswami, B. S.; Taranalli, Ashok D.; Kulkarni, Anandrao R.
Show all (6)
This study was performed to determine whether Boswellic acid suppresses genotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide in mice. Genotoxicity was induced by the administration of cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg) in swiss albino mice and was measured by counting the number of micronuclei and observing chromosomal aberration. In test group Boswellic acid was given in the dose of 200 mg/kg and various chromosomal aberration and formation of micronuclei were observed. Boswellic acid in dose of 200 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited the cyclophosphamide induced micronucleus formation and also significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited chromosomal aberrations in mice. Whereas Boswellic acid alone did not either induce formation of micronuclei or chromosomal aberration in mice. Boswellic acid itself doesn't have any genotoxic effect and suppresses genotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide.
© 2016 Springer International Publishing AG. Part of Springer Nature.
About | Contact Us | Springer | Privacy Policy | Terms of Use | Publishers | Help0620