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Brazilian Journal of Physics
Print version ISSN 0103-9733On-line version ISSN 1678-4448
Braz. J. Phys. vol. 28 n. 3 São Paulo Sept. 1998
Eigenmode frequencies calculations in the charge-density-wave states of 2H-TaSe2.
A. Ribeiro Filho, E. M. do Nascimento and
D. S. de Vasconcelos
Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia
Campus de Ondina, 40.210-340, Salvador, Ba, Brazil
Received 8 June, 1998. Revised version received on 17 August, 1998
We have performed some calculations involving two eigenmode frequencies of 2H - TaSe2. We have obtained a good comparison with some well established Raman scattering data for the commensurate and incommensurate charge-density-wave phases in this compound. We outline an approximated method to compute the determinantal equation.
Subject Classification: 64.70. Rh; 77.80.Bh; S1.63
I Introduction
Many experimental and theoretical works with charge-density-waves (CDW) phase transitions in layered dichalcogenide transition metals, like 2H-TaSe2, have emphasized the importance of the phenomenological McMillan-Landau theory [1] -[8], which was successful in introducing the notion of discommensuration defect or soliton-like behaviour of the incommensurate CDW near the incommensurate-commensurate "lock-in" phase transition, despite the existence of alternative theoretical models[9]. The compound 2H-TaSe2 has a layered structure; in each layer a hexagonal sheet of Ta ions is sandwiched between two hexagonal sheets of Se[10] ions. Moncton et al[11] , from the initial neutron diffraction study found, as the temperature is lowered, an initial onset phase transition to an incommensurate CDW phase at 122oK followed by another phase transition to a commensurate CDW phase at 90oK.
The order parameter fluctuation modes for the charge-density-waves in incommensurate systems have been studied by various authors and, in the case of 2H-TaSe2, there has been a great deal of work due to the complexity of its phase transition picture. The understanding of the incommensurate superlattice of this substance, has been improved following the experimental work performed by Steinitz and Genossar[12] who inferred that in the range between 122oK and 90oK, this superlattice presents two different phases. The first one with hexagonal symmetry exhibits at 112oK a first-order phase transition to an orthorhombic stripe phase, which subsequently 'locks-in' at 90oK. Chen at al[13] have stressed that 'on cooling', X-ray diffraction studies show that the CDW, although incommensurable, remains hexagonal and it is generally believed that a honeycomb array of narrow discommensurations [5] can also describe the incommensurate phase. Despite this possibility those authors have admitted that the hexagonal symmetry in the incommensurate superlattice of this compound is retained on a larger scale. Other writers [9], have introduced an alternative model, where they have proposed three types (I, II, III) of orthorhombic stripe incommensurate CDW phases, as well three types (I,II,III) of double honeycomb domain structure for the high-temperature incommensurate superlattice of a single layer having the 2H-TaSe2 structure. Although we do not study this model here, we emphasize that these three distinct types of incommensurate phases correspond to three types (I, II, III) of commensurate phases of a single layer of this compound. There is experimental evidence that both the type-I and type-II commensurate phases occur in this substance [11], [15]. From this approach only the type-I can be obtained from McMillan's phenomenological model. Those authors [14] have also showed how the layers could be stacked to give both hexagonal and orthorhombic structures.
In spite of these new theoretical approaches, our interests, in this work, have been in following McMillan's model, which is simpler and describes very well the distinct incommensurate and commensurate phases of this substance. In section II will perform calculations involving the commensurate CDW phase, maintaining the early notation [7], [8], outlining eigenmode frequencies calculations in the hexagonal commensurate CDW phase, comparing these results with those, of incommensurate CDW phase, obtained previously [7] and providing new analytical results, a little different from ones of McMillan [8] because he omitted the contribution of the term, in his free energy expression, that computes the amplitude fluctuation modes (or amplitudons). That writer only discussed phase fluctuation modes (or phasons). In section III we present some analytical calculations of the eigenmode frequencies (E2g, A1g) for the range of temperature decreasing from 122oK, performing a limited numerical illustration and using a set of phenomenological parameters, in order to fit the two dominating modes, mentioned above, reported by Steigmeier et al [16], in his Raman scattering studies. They observed two dominating modes at 49cm-1 (E2g) and 82cm-1 (A1g), at 6oK, which were also confirmed by Sugai et al [17].
II Theory
Let us consider the hexagonal commensurate phase of 2H-TaSe2, which is characterized by the space group D6h-6/mmm. The McMillan-Landau free energy density[8] presents, in this case, a cubic ''lock-in'' energy term. This term is associated with the strong contribution to the lattice potential energy from the electrons due to the Peierls energy gap in band structure[18].
Now following the standard procedure we expand the order parameter as [7].
(j = 1,2,3), where in the presence of excitations
(j = 1,2,3) and the j are the static charge-density-wave vectors. With f1 = f2 = f3 = f0 and knowing that in this case qj = kj, being kj the shortest reciprocal lattice vectors in the hexagonal symmetry, we write the new McMillan-Landau free energy for the hexagonal commensurate phase as
where we see the contribution of the cubic 'lock-in' energy term, which is present in the mentioned phase. In order to maintain a comparison between the notation used by Holy et al [18] and McMillan [8] papers with our expression above, we note the following correspondence with their parameters and variables: ao º A; b1 º 2B = 2Blexp[i3(j-)·]; (3co+2do) º D; bo º -E = Re[exp(i3qo)], and fj º flj = flj. The minimization of the static free energy with respect to fo gives
with Q1 = |i| and k1 = |i| .
Now we compute the phonon frequencies and we use the expansion (2), such that this procedure corresponds to the addition of small phase and amplitude distortions to static distortion. Using Eq. (4) we expand (3) in powers of fjq from (2) and keeping only second order terms, and following McMillan's procedure we compute the eigenmodes, writing in terms of the coupled modes and find
In order to avoid some difficulties in solving the complete 6 x 6 characteristic determinantal equation to compute the fluctuation eigenmodes, we have only considered the particular situation where is parallel to 1. Such situation results from the contribution of the cross q-linear term given by Eq. (9) above, which does not occur in the hexagonal incommensurate case [7]. Performing some algebraic manipulations, we are able to rewrite the original matrix as the product of two other matrices with dimensions 4 x 4 and 2 x 2 respectively. The advantage of this calculation is that the 2 x 2 determinantal equation gives directly expressions for the E2g and E1u eigenmode frequencies; and the 4 x 4 matrix provides the eigenmodes E2g, A1g, E1u, B1u, avoiding the degeneracy problem of the doublet amplitudons or phasons respectively. With this procedure, we find the following results,
where we have defined
Equation (12) gives the frequencies of the modes with symmetry E2g at q = 0, and we also see that the quadratic contribution in eo results from the cross q-linear term. As we have written before[7] the expressions (10) and (11) represents , being w the mode frequency and M* = 206au. E2g and E1u are the symmetry characters of the irreducible representations of the group D6h-6/mmm.
Our 4 x 4 determinantal equation can be written as
where we have defined: a =3(bo-1/2b1)fo+3cofo2+eoQ12q2; a¢ = 3(bo+3b1)fo+eoQ12q2; b =3(bo-b1)fo+3cofo2+(eo+3fo)Q12q2; b¢ = 3(bo+3b1)fo+(eo+3fo)Q12q2; c = -3bofo+(3co+2do)fo2; c¢ = 3bofo; d = -eo(k1-Q1)Q12q.
In these calculations we see from V+, V- and V± expressions that a, b, c, are directly connected with amplitudons; a¢, b¢, c¢, with phasons, and d with the cross term.
In reality the exact solution of the determinantal equation (14) is not straightforward and we have used an approximated method in order to calculate the last four non-degenerate fluctuation eigenmodes. We can outline this procedure rewriting that equation as
being li the eigenvalues and A, B and C are expressed in terms of a, a¢, b, b¢,...,d, as we will discuss in the appendix. We will derive the following expression for the four eigenvalues,
where j = 1,2,3,4 and l5 = l1, l6 = l2 and l7 = l3. Despite this expression is not evaluated here, meanwhile it indicates how the analytical expression can be obtained for the eigenvalues with symmetries A1g, E2g, B1u, E1u, respectively, to order q2. We do not consider the case of perpendicular to 1, because this has more severe algebraic difficulties, and we cannot obtain similar simplification. If we consider the particular case of q = 0 the determinantal equation (14) can be solved to obtain the following expression: A1g:-3(bo+b1)fo+(15co+8do)fo2; E2g:3(bo-b1)fo-(3co+4do)fo2; B1u:9(bo+b1)fo; E1u:9b1fo. These last expressions are similar in outline but differ in detail from those reported by Holy at al [18]. We must stress that it is not possible to make a complete comparison because those authors used a different free energy for their commensurate phase calculations in 2H-TaSe2.
III Numerical Results
In this section we present the results of a numerical illustration of eigenmode frequencies (E2g, A1g) of 2H-TaSe2. We have used the normalized coordinates and defined previously [7], and we have assumed the phenomenological parameters bo = , b1 = 1.2, co = , do = -3.9 and fo = 0. We have used a quadratic expression, ao = a¢(T2-To2), as the definition of Landau parameter ao in terms of temperature, with a¢ = 2.35 x 10-4. If the standard Landau expression, ao = a¢(T-To), is used at low temperatures regime, we find that the order parameter and mode frequencies have a linear component in their dependence temperature as T® 0, in violation of the third law of Thermodynamics [7]. Our quadratic expression has the usual linear form for T close to To but it also produces the thermodynamically correct behaviour as T® 0. For the case of the hexagonal commensurate phase, there is a visible variation of the frequencies of these optical phonons with temperature but it is not strongly.
We must emphasize that our calculations are in fact an approximation to the exact ones, because the analytical calculations involving the normal mode frequencies in this commensurate phase are not straightforward, due to the cross q-linear term V±. We have also performed numerical computations in the region of the incommensurate-commensurate ''lock-in '' phase transition, obtaining the order parameter's behavior as the temperature changes over the complete range between 122oK and 0oK. We consider the experimental 'on cooling ' situation, where the orthorhombic stripe incommensurate phase for this compound does not occur, that is, in the range of temperature between 122oK and 90oK, the unique phase is the hexagonal incommensurate phase.
Let as consider the equations of minimization of the static free energy for the incommensurate case [7] with respect to fo,
and the similar for the commensurate case (4) that give the analytical expressions for the order parameter for the hexagonal incommensurate (finc) and commensurate (fc) phases respectively. Then, using the new definition of the Landau parameter ao, we rewrite V(fo) for the case of both phases as,
where e¢ represents 4eo[Q12(k1-Q1)2].
The numerical problem is to find a set of phenomenological parameters that produce the incommensurate-commensurate "lock-in'' transition temperature at 90oK , that is, the point where Vinco = Vco. To illustrate this procedure, we have used the same values of bo, b1, co and do introduced by Ribeiro Filho[7] and take e¢ = 0.779. The next step is to solve numerically the equation V = Vco(T)-Vinco(T) = 0, T being the "lock-in'' temperature. These calculations can be performed when we substitute Eqs. (17) and (4) in Vinco and Vco, respectively. The expression for V is an equation V(a¢) = 0 that gives the values of a¢ for a particular set of phenomenological parameters. If we use the parameter mentioned above we obtain a¢ = 2.35 x 10-4. Figs. (1) and (2) show the free energies Vo relative to the incommensurate and commensurate phases and the order parameter (fo) versus temperature for 2H-TaSe2. Further numerical computations have been made in order to fit the theoretical results for eigenmode frequencies to light scattering data. We have concentrated on the experimental results of Raman scattering reported by Steigmeier et al [16], that are an important contribution to the understanding of the commensurate charge-density-wave phase of 2H-TaSe2. They observed two dominating modes at 49cm-1 (E2g) and 82cm-1 (A1g), at 6oK, which were confirmed by Sugai et al [17]. We have performed a limited numerical calculation of these two eigenmode frequencies (E2g, A1g), normalizing the Steigmeier et al results to T = 0oK. We retain the same values for parameters bo, b1, co, do and calculate a¢ and e¢ algebraically, with ao defined before. Then, after some straightforward manipulations with the order parameter and frequency expression of A1g and E2g, we write for the range of temperature between 0oK and 90oK,
Figure 1. Free energies, relative to the incommensurate (-- ·) and commensurate (-) phase for a single layer of the 2H-TaSe2 as a function of temperature with all parameters given in the text.
Figure 2. Order parameter (f0) versus temperature for 2H-TaSe2, with all parameters given in the text.
where ; and
where wE¢ =3(bo-b1) and wE" = -(3co+4do); with wA1g(0) and wE2g(0) being the experimental values of Steigmeier et al, and fc(T) has been obtained from the minimization of the static commensurate free energy.
In order to get an approximate picture of these modes for the incommensurate phase [7], we have written for the range between 90oK < T < 122oK, the eigenmode frequencies as
Equations (20-23) are plotted in Fig. (3) and give a reasonable picture of the Steigmeier et al experimental work (1976).
Figure 3. Frequencies of the CDW models of 2H-Ta Se2 versus temperature. Fitting from Steigmeier et all for A1g (-) and E2g (-- ·) modes, with all parameters given in the text.
IV Conclusions
In this work we have reported calculations of eigenmode frequencies for an assumed hexagonal commensurate charge-density-wave phase of 2H-TaSe2, despite the controversy whether such phase is orthorhombic [6] rather than hexagonal [11]. Fung et al (1981) found that the commensurate phase is not hexagonal but rather a network of orthorhombic domains and that the hexagonal symmetry observed in scattering experiments was due to domain averaging. Another interesting contribution to the orthorhombic-hexagonal controversy has been given by Walker and Jacobs[14] that introduced an alternative free energy functional for the CDW states in 2H-TaSe2. Those writers have classified three distinct (I, II, III) commensurate CDW states with hexagonal (type-I layers) and orthorhombic (type-II, III layers) symmetries. In fact the experimental study of the incommensurate and commensurate superlattices of this compound has been intense during recent years, and there is the possibility that new symmetry's interpretations can be improved in the next future.
We have also performed some numerical computations in order to give an approximated picture of some experimental results for this compound. The analytical results for commensurate CDW phase can be correlated with those ones of the incommensurate phase[7]. We have assumed 'on-cooling' experimental situation where only the hexagonal incommensurate phase is present in the range of temperature between 122oK and 90oK. In the case of the commensurate superlattice we have neglected any orthorhombic symmetry, retaining the original picture of the hexagonal symmetry existing throughout the commensurate phase. In spite of the limitations of this numerical illustration, it shows the advantage of the McMillan-Landau theory in providing a unified description of the charge-density-wave phases of this compound. We have written some normalized expressions for eigenmode frequencies in order to fit the Raman scattering (E2g, A1g) data obtained by Steigmeier et al[16]. It is important to stress that these two previously identified hexagonal E2g modes can be then be thought of as superpositions of Ag and Blg orthorhombic modes, while the two previously identified Alg modes become Ag orthorhombic modes[19]. These correlations between the two symmetry possibilities are very interesting because they create a link between the experimental results of those authors that found hexagonal or orthorhombic symmetries. Finally, we must emphasize that we have obtained, from Fig. 3, a reasonable fitting from the Raman scattering data obtained by Steigmeier et al.
One of us (A. R. F.) would like to thank the support of "Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifí co e Tecnológico "(CNPq) and the Brazilian agency CAPES through the "CDI-Programa Suplementar de Apoio à Qualificação Docente''.
[1] J. F. M. Rocha, D. S. de Vasconcelos and A. Ribeiro Filho, Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) 205, 473 (1998). [ Links ]
[2] S. A. Jackson, P. A. Lee and T. M. Rice, Phys. Rev. B17, 9, 3611 (1978). [ Links ]
[3] T. M. Rice, Phys. Rev. B23, 5, 2413 (1981).
- [ Links ]
- [4] K. Nakanishi, H. Takatera, Y. Yamada and H. Shiba, J. Phys. Soc. Jap. 43, 5, 1509 (1977).
- [ Links ]
- [5] K. Nakanishi and H. Shiba, J. Phys. Soc. Jap. 43, 6, 1839 (1977); [ Links ]44, 5, 1965 (1978).
- [6] K. K. Fung, S. McKernan, J. W. Steeds and J. A. Wilson, Phys. Rev. B14, 5417 (1981).
- [ Links ]
- [7] A. Ribeiro Filho, Rev. Bras. de Fí sica (now Braz. J. Phys.) 16, 233 (1986); [ Links ]16, 240 (1986); PhD Thesis, University of Essex, U. K. (1984).
- [8] W. L. McMillan, Phys. Rev. B12, 1187, 1197 (1975); [ Links ]B14, 1496 (1976); B16, 543 (1977); B16, 4655 (1977).
- [9] A. E. Jacobs and M. B. Walker, Phys. Rev. B26, 206 (1982).
[10] J. A. Wilson and A. D. Yoffe, Adv. Phys. 18, 193 (1969). [ Links ]
[11] D. E. Moncton, J. D. Axe and F. J. Di Salvo, Phys. Rev. B16, 801 (1977).
- [ Links ]
- [12] M. O. Steinitz and J. G-Genossar, Sol. Stat. Comm., 29, 519 (1979).
[13] C. H. Chen, J. M. Gibson and R. M. Fleming, Phys. Rev. B26, 1, 184 (1982). [ Links ]
[14] M. B. Walker and A. E. Jacobs, Phys. Rev. B24, 6770 (1981).
- [ Links ]
- [15] B. H. Suits, S. Conturie and C. P. Slichter, Phys. Rev. B23, 10, 5142 (1981).
- [ Links ]
- [16] E. F. Steigmeier, J. Harbeke, H. Auderset and F. J. Di Salvo, Sol. Stat. Comm. 20, 667 (1976); [ Links ]In Electron Phonon Interactions and Phase Transitions, ed. by T. Riste (1977).
- [17] S. Sugai, K. Murase, S. Ushida and S. Tanaka, Physica 105B, 405 (1981).
- [ Links ]
- [18] J. A. Holy, M. V. Klein, W. L. McMillan, and S. F. Meyer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 37, 17, 1145 (1976).
- [ Links ]
- [19] R. L. Withers and M. B. Walker, Phys. Rev. B26, 2, 940 (1982).
- [ Links ]
V Appendix
In this section we discuss the calculation of eigenmodes from the determinantal equation (14) using an approximated method outlined below. We rewrite it as
with a, a¢, b, b¢, c, c¢, d, as defined before. After performing straightforward algebraic manipulations, we write Eq. (24) as
where we have neglected the quartic d-contribution. In order to get approximate solution of (25), we consider first the case when d vanishes in (24). So, we have two uncoupled 2x2 determinantal equations A = 0 and P = 0, which after diagonalization could be written as
In this case, using the same procedure outlined before and substituting a, a¢, b, b¢, c, c¢, d, in (26) and (27) we find
If we compare (29 - 32) with the expressions of A1g, E2g, B1u and E1u, given in section II, we identify these modes as follows: l1® A1g; l2® E2g; l3® B1u; and l4 ® E1u. When we consider d ¹ 0 in (25) we retain only terms to order q2. After some algebraic manipulation we can rewrite (25) as
Equation (33) produces for instance the approximate value l1¢ of the eigenmode l1, where l1¢ = l1+e with e ~ O(q2). In this case when we substitute l = l1¢, we get
and to lowest order in q2,
Following the same procedure, we can write a general expression for these eigenvalues:
with j = 1,2,3,4, and l5 = l1, l6 = l2, l7 = l3. The values of lj are given by equations (29-32).

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Tupelo, Miss. – Northeast Mississippi high school juniors and seniors interested in the possibility of a career in healthcare will have the opportunity to learn and receive high school and college credit through an educational partnership announced in Tupelo today. The announcement was made jointly by Northeast Community College President Dr. Johnny Allen, North Mississippi Medical Center Career Counselor Rosalyn Campbell, CREATE Foundation President Mike Clayborne, and Toyota Mississippi Vice President Sean Suggs.
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Archive for Thursday, June 29, 2006
Businesses' faith in city should be appreciated
June has been designated Business Appreciation Month, among other things. Every month -- and many weeks -- is singled out for special recognition for different groups, organizations or causes. Most slip by with little notice other than those responsible for sending out press releases promoting the event.
Still, few communities should be more appreciative of its businesses -- commercial and industrial -- than De Soto. The widely shared lament is the community's rooftop-dependent tax base. That reality produces fewer dollars per mill of taxation, which in turn forces the city and school district to approve higher property tax levies.
The industries and businesses in De Soto provide some relief. The industries found in the community a combination of location, workforce and infrastructure that met their needs.
Although it is true the city and school district often facilitated their recruitment with tax abatements, the industries started contributing to the community's tax base immediately and more noticeably every year.
For small businesses, doing business in De Soto is more adventurous, whether they be longstanding or newcomers.
A great deal of the population commutes to other communities for employment, where shopping opportunities abound. Also, some items and services -- even basic items -- simply aren't available locally, necessitating more out-of-town shopping trips and more temptations to do business elsewhere for those goods and services available locally. These businesses also are subject to the same mill levies as homeowners at a higher taxation rate.
The businesses in the community are aware of all these shortcomings. They also understand the community's potential and that their investment could pay dividends as the community grows.
Their faith in the community deserves appreciation and awareness their success is vital to that of the community.
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The Pawn Ch. 03— A treat for Kristine.
A Lonely Night— Two strangers meet by coincidence, or is it fate?
Trick or Treating with Sara Ch. 02— The party was in full swing.
Holodeck Ch. 1— The captain finds her self in the fantasy of her first officer.
Upon Deciding To Capitalize On His...— Mild-mannered Eric seeks visits dating service.
Please, separate your tags with comma: anal orgasm, oral sex.
Read the Literotica Story Tag FAQ for more information on these tags.


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VINELAND — Sacred Heart High School and the Diocese of Camden disagree on why the school will close at the end of the current academic year.
Officials with the diocese said Friday that the school failed to meet enrollment benchmarks set last year when the diocese allowed Sacred Heart to remain open for at least this academic year.
According to the diocese, Sacred Heart's Board of Limited Jurisdiction set an enrollment of 220 students as a goal for a "sustainable high school." The board was created last year as part of the school's reorganization and serves as its governing body.
However, 52 of Sacred Heart's 168 students will graduate in June, the diocese said, and the school reported that only 23 youths registered as freshmen for the 2013-14 academic year.
"The enrollment was just so low," diocese spokesman Peter Feuerherd said. "The ability to run a high school with that low a number … has become an issue that caused the school to close."
But Francis Reilly, president of the school's Board of Limited Jurisdiction, said the only benchmarks set as part of the agreement with the diocese were financial. Those financial benchmarks were met, he said.
"We trust they gave us an honest explanation of their situation," Reilly said. "We're certainly disappointed."
Whatever the reason, parents and students who gathered in Sacred Heart's gymnasium Thursday night for an emotional meeting during which school officials broke the news of the institution's closing vented their anger at the diocese. Parents leaving the meeting said they blamed the diocese for abandoning a school that people worked so hard to keep open.
Feuerherd said the closing decision was reached jointly by the diocese's schools office, Bishop Dennis Sullivan, Sacred Heart officials and Monsignor John Burton, Sacred Heart's rector and pastor of Christ the Good Shepherd Church.
Sacred Heart officials said they asked the diocese to subsidize $4,000 per student worth of the school's annual tuition of nearly $8,000 for a period of four years.
Feuerherd said that was not going to happen, in part because the agreement that allowed Sacred Heart to remain open for the current academic year stipulated there would be no financial help from the diocese. The diocese is "just not able" to provide the subsidy requested by Sacred Heart officials, he said.
Feuerherd said he understands the anger directed at the diocese over Sacred Heart's closing.
"Anger is anger," Feuerherd said. "It is what people feel about a situation which is hard to grasp. Attachment to that school is very emotional.
"But people should look at the numbers," he said. "They can discover for themselves that the numbers just don't work out. The enrollment figures were not going to go up."
According to the diocese, Sacred Heart students are welcome to attend the other Catholic high schools — including Camden Catholic, Gloucester Catholic, Holy Spirit, Paul VI, Saint Joseph and Wildwood Catholic — in the diocese. Sacred Heart students who enroll in those high schools will get a $1,500 tuition discount for the 2013-14 school year, the diocese said.
However, the past several years have been difficult not only for Sacred Heart but for some of the region's other Catholic high schools operated by the diocese.
Wildwood Catholic in North Wildwood was saved from closing several years ago by a community fundraising effort and a new administration. Then-Bishop Joseph A. Galante sent out a letter in May to quash rumors that Absecon-based Holy Spirit was in financial trouble.
Wildwood Catholic, Holy Spirit and Saint Joseph in Hammonton all had to restructure operations because of little financial support from the diocese.
Catholic elementary schools in the diocese are also facing problems.
The diocese currently has 30 elementary schools, Feuerherd said. The diocese had "substantially more" elementary schools five years ago, he said. He did not have the exact number.
Sacred Heart officials told a shocked student body in January 2012 that the diocese planned to shutter the school at the end of that academic year.
However, the community and Sacred Heart alumni rallied to raise $17,000 more than the $300,000 they needed to collect by the May 1 deadline agreed to by the diocese to keep the school open. School officials also said Sacred Heart secured five-year financial commitments from other contributors totaling more than $1 million.
Sacred Heart opened for the current academic year with changes that included the Board of Limited Jurisdiction to help govern operations and a streamlined operation.
However, some parents who left Thursday's meeting admitted they previously had doubts about Sacred Heart's ability to remain open.
Sacred Heart's closing affects more than just its students and parents.
Cheryl's School Uniforms in Vineland has sold pants, shirts, skirts and other attire to Sacred Heart High School students for 37 years.
Co-owner Ed Rychlicki said each new school year was something of a reunion, reaching the point where he and his wife, Cheryl, started dressing the "children of the children" who attended Sacred Heart years ago. Those reunions will stop when Sacred Heart closes, he said.
"It's like the passing of a member of a family," Rychlicki said. "We won't get to see those people anymore."
Rychlicki said he and his wife were worried about Sacred Heart's future and reduced their inventory of the school's uniforms. He said they do not like losing the Sacred Heart business, but hope to make up the loss by stocking uniforms for new charter schools and public schools that have dress codes.
Still, Rychlicki said he and his wife feel bad for Sacred Heart's students.
"They're all great kids," he said.
Contact Thomas Barlas:


text: This was our first visit to Winter Park and this location was perfect for us. The unit (Bldg D 5094) we stayed in was wonderful, had everything we needed and very clean and well kept. The location to the Base of Winter Park was ideal for either the shuttle or a walk. The ski rental shop is right down stairs... More


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Inn? Edit
The inn is this vilage doesn't appear to set rest state. Can anyone confirm? Somnolentsurfer (talk) 01:34, May 1, 2016 (UTC)
- Why do you think it is an inn? Does it have an innkeeper or a mailbox? -- Fandyllic (talk · contr) 3 May 2016 8:18 AM Pacific
- It has an innkeeper, yes. Not sure about a mailbox. Somnolentsurfer (talk) 23:44, May 3, 2016 (UTC)


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Boutique Karma Moving Onto Decatur SquareDecatur Metro | December 26, 2011 | 4:15 pm
Looks like Boutique Karma is "pulling a Little Shop" and moving into the old Rockit! Boutique space on Sycamore onto Decatur Square from their current location right off the Square, next to the old Johnny Pizza. Groovy!


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Spalding Triathlon Club secretary Aimee Stocker was honoured at the British Triathlon Awards Dinner.
She got the Leigh Day and Co British Triathlon Volunteer of the Year award.
Aimee is a Regional Technical Official and level 1 triathlon coach, regularly supporting local events and novice training sessions. She also organised the Spalding Sprint Triathlon, a successful event that has achieved the Triathlon England Event Qualitymark. Aimee also holds a position on the East Midlands Regional Committee.
She said: "I joined the triathlon club, on the understanding that I wouldn't be doing triathlons. Eight weeks later I had a bike on order and I was in the pool. The rest is history."


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Good Morning FishbowlDC!
Got a blind item, interesting link, funny note, comment, birthday, anniversary or anything of the sort for Morning Reading List? Drop us a line or let us know in the tips box below.
We're dropping the "Muesli"… just join us after the jump!
It's day 22 covering the new Obama administration. And day 9 for us.
FishbowlDC wishes a Happy Birthday to John Yang, Michelle Levi, Aram Roston and Rep. Walter Jones Jr.
Send us your birthday and we'll celebrate it here too.
Quickly navigate Morning Reading List:
NYTimes Company President and CEO Janet Robinson laid out a vision of how the company would survive the crippling newspaper industry. "As other newspapers cut back on international and national coverage, or cease operations, we believe there will be opportunities for The Times to fill that void," she said. More analysis of that plan here.
On the same topic, Poynter has a forum with Steve Brill on how to save the NYTimes- and journalism. According to this plan, the headline and first paragraph of each article will appear online, but will cost ten cents to read in full. Brill calls this an I-Tunes-like-journalism structure.
Robert Gibbs made appearances today on six morning shows.
ABC's Martha Raddatz spoke with Broadcasting & Cable about viewer apathy and coverage in Afghanistan and Iraq, but by far, the most interesting Q & A was this, "When you're embedded with the U.S. military, do you get your own tent?" Raddatz's response, "Nope. You sleep with strange men or with your male producer. You're literally just thrown into a tent. They don't give you anything to sleep on. I'm pretty good at this by now. I bring a little silk sleeping bag that I bought in Vietnam, and you can pretend you have silk sheets. It folds up to the size of a handbag and it's pink. It's just perfect. I always joke with the photographers. I just choose guys, when we go on embeds, based on whether they snore or not. It's pretty Spartan. You have a female shower trailer and a male shower trailer, and that's pretty much it."
TVNewser reports on "The Most Popular Person in the White House- Besides the Obamas." Who could that possibly be? Desiree Rogers, the first African-American White House Social Secretary.
Speaking of the president's social life, keep a lookout for Sean Hannity and Obama throwing back a few the next time you're at happy hour. Check it out here.
Fred Thompson is making a comeback… on TV, not in politics. He has a guest stint of ABC's "Life on Mars," playing an NYPD chief of detectives. This is due to air sometime in March (h/t Shenanigans).
How do you make a living off of Twitter? These guys are still trying to figure that out.
NPR chats with Jay Rosen and a panel on the future of news. Listen here.
Still trying to figure out how to be jobless and fabulous? Follow these ladies' lead. Two editors laid off from Conde Nast have started a new website Recessionwire.com. From the NYTimes: "The site links to economics articles and has regular features like Lemonade Makers, on adapting to the financial crisis; Redux, essays by Ms. Parramore on how other downturns influenced art and fashion; and Love in the Time of Layoff, in which Deborah Siegel, a freelancer, chronicles how she and her husband adjust to his recently getting a pink slip."
The Reliable Source checks out "the president's heartthrob speechwriter" Jon Favreau's new pad in Dupont.
Mediabistro.com is looking for seminar instructors. mb LEARN is looking for dynamic, spirited instructors to teach one-night seminars in DC. Seminars are 3 hours from 6:45-9:45 pm, lecture-style, on various media topics for an audience of continuing education media students. Requirements include experience in a writing or journalism position– magazine editors, authors, etc. We are looking for professionals with several years' experience in their field. Previous teaching experience is a plus but is not a requirement.
HAT TIPS: Romanesko, Mediabistro, Playbook, Calderone


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text:
Comedian Jimmy Fallon earlier this week donned a bald cap and a cheap suit, grabbed a bottle of vodka and transformed himself into Russian President Vladimir Putin.
He then picked up a phone and discussed the evolving situation in Crimea and Ukraine with "President Barack Obama."
As Putin, Fallon not only managed to work in plenty of zingers aimed at Russia's president, but he also managed to take a few digs at the Affordable Care Act.
"Don't you see what you're doing though?" "Obama" asked. "You're forcing people to accept something that the majority of them don't even want."
"Yes," Fallon's Putin responded, "in Russia we have word for this: Obamacare."
"That hurt," the faux Obama responded.
"Does Obamacare cover burns?" Putin added for good measure.
Follow Becket Adams (@BecketAdams) on Twitter


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Fachbereich Physik
- Wissenschaftlicher Artikel (41) (entfernen)
- resonances (8)
- Wannier-Stark systems (7)
- Quantum mechanics (6)
- lifetimes (6)
- quantum mechanics (5)
- entropy (3)
- lifetime statistics (3)
- localization (3)
- dynamical systems (2)
- phase-space (2)
- Lifetime statistics for a Bloch particle in ac and dc fields (1998)
- We study the statistics of the Wigner delay time and resonance width for a Bloch particle in ac and dc fields in the regime of quantum chaos. It is shown that after appropriate rescaling the distributions of these quantities have universal character predicted by the random matrix theory of chaotic scattering.
- A generalized entropy measuring quantum localization (1999)
- We present an entropy concept measuring quantum localization in dynamical systems based on time averaged probability densities. The suggested entropy concept is a generalization of a recently introduced [PRL 75, 326 (1995)] phase-space entropy to any representation chosen according to the system and the physical question under consideration. In this paper we inspect the main characteristics of the entropy and the relation to other measures of localization. In particular the classical correspondence is discussed and the statistical properties are evaluated within the framework of random vector theory. In this way we show that the suggested entropy is a suitable method to detect quantum localization phenomena in dynamical systems.
- Selective Quasienergies from Short Time Cross-Correlation Probability Amplitudes by the Filter-Diagonalization Method (1999)
- The Filter-Diagonalization Method is applied to time periodic Hamiltonians and used to find selectively the regular and chaotic quasienergies of a driven 2D rotor. The use of N cross-correlation probability amplitudes enables a selective calculation of the quasienergies from short time propagation to the time T (N). Compared to the propagation time T (1) which is required for resolving the quasienergy spectrum with the same accuracy from auto-correlation calculations, the cross-correlation time T (N) is shorter by the factor N , that is T (1) = N T (N).
- A quantum/classical entropy concept for measuring phase-space localization (1997)
- We present an entropy concept measuring phase-space localization in dynamical systems based on time-averaged phase-space densities. This entropy has a direct classical counterpart; its local scaling with ln _h.
- Phase space entropies and global quantum phase space organisation: A two-dimensional anharmonic system (1999)
- The global dynamical properties of a quantum system can be conveniently visualized in phase space by means of a quantum phase space entropy in analogy to a Poincare section in classical dynamics for two-dimensional time independent systems. Numerical results for the Pullen Edmonds systems demonstrate the properties of the method for systems with mixed chaotic and regular dynamics.
- The electron as a selfinteracting lightlike pointcharge: Classification of lightlike curves in spacetime under the group of SO(1,3) motions (1996)
- Resonances from short time complex-scaled cross-correlation probability amplitudes by the Filter-Diagonalization Method (1997)
- The Filter-Diagonalization Method is used to ,nd the broad and even overlapping resonances of a 1D Hamiltonian used before as a test model for new resonance theories and computational methods. It is found that the use of several complex-scaled cross-correlation probability amplitudes from short time propagation enables the calculation of broad overlapping resonances, which can not be resolved from the amplitude of a single complex-scaled autocorrelation calculation.
- Global and local dynamical invariants and quasienergy states of time-periodic Hamiltonians (1998)
- A formalism is developed for calculating the quasienergy states and spectrum for time-periodic quantum systems when a time-periodic dynamical invariant operator with a nondegenerate spectrum is known. The method, which circumvents the integration of the Schr-odinger equation, is applied to an integrable class of systems, where the global invariant operator is constructed. Furthermore, a local integrable approximation for more general non-integrable systems is developed. Numerical results are presented for the doubleresonance model.
- The 'Ermakov-Lewis' invariants for Coupled Linear Oscillators (1998)
- We consider N coupled linear oscillators with time-dependent coecients. An exact complex amplitude - real phase decomposition of the oscillatory motion is constructed. This decomposition is further used to derive N exact constants of motion which generalise the so-called Ermakov-Lewis invariant of a single oscillator. In the Floquet problem of periodic oscillator coecients we discuss the existence of periodic complex amplitude functions in terms of existing Floquet solutions.


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- God created the world to be sustainable
In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth...God saw all that he had made, and it was very good.(Genesis 1:1, 31)
- One result of the fall into sin is that the world's wholeness was lost.
Cursed is the ground because of you;...it will produce thorns and thistles for you. (Genesis 3:17-18 NIV)
- God assigned the stewardship or caretaking of His creation to man, another of His creations:
"Then God said, 'Let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the livestock, over all the earth, and over all the creatures that move along the ground.' So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them. God blessed them and said to them, 'Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and over every living creature that moves on the ground.' Then God said, 'I give you every seed-bearing plant on the face of the whole earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for food. And to all the beasts of the earth and all the birds of the air and all the creatures that move on the ground-everything that has the breath of life in it-I give every green plant for food." And it was so. (Genesis 1:26-31)
"You are to bring into the ark two of all living creatures, male and female, to keep them alive with you. Two of every kind of bird, of every kind of animal and of every kind of creature that moves along the ground will come to you to be kept alive." (Genesis 6:19-20)
"You made [man] ruler over the works of your hands; you put everything under his feet: all flocks and herds, and the beasts of the field, the birds of the air, and the fish of the sea, all that swim the paths of the seas." (Psalm 8:6-8)
- God connected himself, humanity and the created world with a covenant:
"Then God said to Noah and to his sons with him: 'I now establish my covenant with you and with your descendants after you and with every living creature that was with you-the birds, the livestock and all the wild animals, all those that came out of the ark with you-every living creature on earth'....And God said, 'This is the sign of the covenant I am making between me and you and every living creature with you, a covenant for all generations to come: I have set my rainbow in the clouds, and it will be the sign of the covenant between me and the earth....Whenever the rainbow appears in the clouds, I will see it and remember the everlasting covenant between God and all living creatures of every kind on the earth.'" (Genesis 9:8-10, 12-13 NIV)
- The Bible warns against greed and gluttony.
"Then [Jesus] said to them, 'Watch out! Be on your guard against all kinds of greed; a man's life does not consist in the abundance of his possessions....Life is more than food, and the body more than clothes....For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.'" (Luke 12:15, 23, 34)
"But godliness with contentment is great gain. For we brought nothing into the world, and we can take nothing out of it. But if we have good and clothing, we will be content with that. People who want to get rich fall into temptation and a trap and into many foolish and harmful desires that plunge men into ruin and destruction. For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil. Some people, eager for money, have wandered from the faith and pierced themselves with many griefs." (1 Timothy 6:6-10)
- A proper response is for creation to praise Him.
The heavens declare the glory of God; the skies proclaim the work of his hands." (Psalm 19:1)
Praise the LORD.
Praise the LORD from the heavens, praise him in the heights above.
Praise him, all his angels, praise him, all his heavenly hosts.
Praise him, sun and moon, praise him, all you shining stars.
Praise him, you highest heavens and you waters above the skies.
Let them praise the name of the LORD for he commanded and they were created.
He set them in place for ever and ever; he gave a decree that will never pass away.
Praise the LORD from the earth, you great sea creatures and all ocean depths,
lightning and hail, snow and clouds, stormy winds that do his bidding,
you mountains and all hills, fruit trees and all cedars,
wild animals and all cattle, small creatures and flying birds,
kings of the earth and all nations, you princes and all rulers on earth,
young men and maidens, old men and children.
Let them praise the name of the LORD, for his name alone is exalted; his splendor is above the earth and the heavens.
He has raised up for his people a horn, the praise of all his saints, of Israel, the people close to his heart.
Praise the LORD. (Psalm 148)
"when the morning stars sang together and all the sons of God shouted for joy" (Job 38:6)
"Then shall all the trees of the forest sing for joy," (Psalm 96:12)
"The mountains skipped like rams, the hills like lambs," (Psalm 114:4)
"Let the rivers clap their hands; let the hills sing for joy together," (Psalm 98:8)
"The mountains and the hills before you shall break forth into singing, and all the trees of the field shall clap their hands," (Isaiah 55:12)
"The heavens declare the glory of God, and the sky above proclaims his handiwork." (Psalm 19:1)


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Some people threw stuff at him because they didn't like him. Some people nailed Jesus to a cross because they didn't like him... it's hardly the first time "bad things" have happened to people just because they weren't liked by all others. Attributing it to "kamma" and "vipaka" is unnecessary, and sets a dangerous precedence for excusing the hatred of others in the name of them helping another person's kamma come to fruit. Ditto with the killing of sentient beings - it's not their "vipaka" to die. Angulimala didn't throw things at himself, Jesus didn't nail himself to the cross, and animals don't slit their own throats so they can be turned into meat.Mukunda wrote:He experienced the results of his actions
Right... and since he was an arahant, the unpleasant sensation could not rightly be called suffering. But since all non-arahant sentient beings do suffer (and that's who I'm sure Wind is talking about here), they don't much fancy being harmed or killed.Mukunda wrote:HOW he perceived or experienced them depends on his mental state.
As for the immediate question of the precept against killing in the name of livelihood, I would recommend placing priority on the wording used in suttas associated with Right Livelihood, and letting "do not (intentionally) kill" take care of itself, within that framework.


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text: Kiplinger.com Site Map Topics Stocks & Bonds 20142017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 DecemberDecember 31, 2014The 10 Worst Stocks of 2014 December 19, 201417 Stocks for Playing the Consumer Revival December 17, 20148 Energy Stocks to Add to Your Shopping List December 12, 2014Is It Time to Jump Into Alibaba Stock? December 02, 2014James K. Glassman's 10 Stock Picks for 2015 Stock Market Outlook for 2015 Allianz Analyst Kristina Hooper Sees U.S. Stocks in the Lead 8 Stocks to Buy for 2015 Income Investors, Don't Fret About Higher Interest Rates Why I'm Sticking With Acacia Research Andrew Feinberg's 6 Stock Picks for 2015 25 Best Stocks for 2015 5 Stocks to Sell Heading Into 2015 NovemberNovember 26, 201419 Stocks for Cashing In on Holiday Cheer November 20, 20147 Stocks Under $10 Worth Buying Stocks to Benefit From Lower Oil Prices November 07, 2014Five Ways to Cash in on Corporate Spin-offs November 04, 2014How We Picked the Best Online Brokers November 03, 2014Best Stocks, Funds and Investment Advice OctoberOctober 31, 20146 Stocks to Cash In on the Capital Spending Boom 4 Ways the Strong Dollar Helps Investors Venezuela's Woes Ground Shares of Copa Holdings Best Online Brokers, 2014 October 30, 20147 Best Dividend Stocks of the Dow October 28, 2014Rake in 6 Percent Yield With Preferred Stocks October 27, 20148 Telecom Stocks With Big Dividend Yields October 23, 20148 Losing Stocks to Sell Before Year-End October 17, 20145 Underperforming S&P Stocks to Buy Now October 16, 2014Biggest Mistakes Investors Make Yieldcos: Alternative-Energy Stocks for Dividend Investors October 09, 201411 Stocks to Cash In on the Strong Dollar October 06, 2014Small Stocks Hold Big Potential Promising Bargains in Biotech Stocks How Overpaid CEOs Hurt Investors Handle Junk Bonds With Care SeptemberSeptember 29, 2014Best Stocks for Socially Responsible Investors How to Survive the Next Stock Market Correction September 19, 20147 Great Stocks for the Next 15 Years September 17, 20143 Chinese Stocks That Are Better Bargains than Alibaba September 02, 201425 Stock Picks for an Aging Bull Market AugustAugust 30, 2014The Perils of Penny Stocks August 29, 20147 Stocks to Buy and Hold for the Next 15 Years 3 Reasons to Ignore the Doomsayers August 28, 20142 Surprising Bargain Stocks for Value Investors Stocks for Cashing in on the Online Travel Boom August 15, 20145 Stocks to Profit from Water Scarcity August 08, 20143 Best Airline Stocks to Buy Now August 04, 2014Get the Kids Started in Stocks August 01, 2014How to Profit From Corporate Mergers I'll Beat the Market Yet JulyJuly 31, 2014Time-Tested Advice for Long-term Investors July 24, 20147 Great Growth Stocks with Long-Term Potential July 16, 2014Should You Buy Into the Alibaba IPO? JuneJune 30, 2014Playing a Soft Housing Market 7 Great Growth Stocks The Conversion of Bill Gross 7 Smart Investing Tips From Kiplinger Readers More Power to Utility Stocks Find Bond Income In a Dicey Market June 27, 2014How to Survive a Stock Market Correction June 26, 2014What's Driving the Boom in Bonds June 17, 2014Next Step for Interest Rates Will Come in 2015 June 04, 2014Juice Up Your Cash Returns June 02, 2014The Bond Rally Isn't Over MayMay 29, 2014Lessons From a Stock Pick That Gained 5,200 Cheap Stocks Ready to Take Off May 08, 2014Watch Out for Overpriced Stocks May 06, 2014Why I Like Facebook and 6 Other New-Media Stocks Chow Down on Restaurant Stocks May 05, 2014A Preference for Preferred Stocks May 04, 201414 Ways to Invest for Income Without Stocks 9 Stocks to Make You Rich May 03, 2014Six Stocks to Sell Now May 02, 2014Low Rates Are Here to Stay When to Sell Your Stocks May 01, 2014The Tax Hit on Inherited Stock AprilApril 17, 2014Don't Bet Against Warren Buffett Dividends from Berkshire? 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Last Minute Feedback
Feedback mechanisms that allow partners to rate each other after a transaction are considered crucial for the success of anonymous internet trading platforms. We document an asymmetry in the feedback behavior on eBay, propose an explanation based on the micro structure of the feedback mechanism and the time when feedbacks are given, and support this explanation by findings from a large data set. Our analysis implies that the informational content of feedback records is likely to be low. The reason for this is that agents appear to leave feedbacks strategically. Negative feedbacks are given late, in the "last minute," or not given at all, most likely because of the fear of retaliative negative feedback. Conversely, positive feedbacks are given early in order to encourage reciprocation. Towards refining our insights into the observed pattern, we look separately at buyers and sellers, and relate the magnitude of the effects to the trading partners' experience.
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
|Date of creation:
|Mar 2006
|Contact details of provider:
| Postal: Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, D-80539 Munich, Germany
Phone: +49-(0)89-2180-3405
Fax: +49-(0)89-2180-3510
Web page: http://www.sfbtr15.de/
More information through EDIRC
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Luis Cabral & Ali Hortacsu, 2004.
"The Dynamics of Seller Reputation: Theory and Evidence from eBay,"
NBER Working Papers
10363, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Cabral, Luís M B & Hortaçsu, Ali, 2004. "The Dynamics of Seller Reputation: Theory and Evidence from eBay," CEPR Discussion Papers 4345, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Luís Cabral & Ali Hortacsu, 2004. "The Dynamics of Seller Reputation: Theory and Evidence from eBay," Working Papers 04-05, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics.
- Paul Resnick & Richard Zeckhauser & John Swanson & Kate Lockwood, 2006. "The value of reputation on eBay: A controlled experiment," Experimental Economics, Springer;Economic Science Association, vol. 9(2), pages 79-101, June.
- Resnick, Paul & Zeckhauser, Richard & Swanson, John & Lockwood, Kate, 2003. "The Value of Reputation on eBay: A Controlled Experiment," Working Paper Series rwp03-007, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government.
- Alvin E. Roth, 2002. "The Economist as Engineer: Game Theory, Experimentation, and Computation as Tools for Design Economics," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 70(4), pages 1341-1378, July.
- Bajari, Patrick & Hortacsu, Ali, 2003. " The Winner's Curse, Reserve Prices, and Endogenous Entry: Empirical Insights from eBay Auctions," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 34(2), pages 329-355, Summer.
- Daniel Houser & John Wooders, 2006. "Reputation in Auctions: Theory, and Evidence from eBay," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(2), pages 353-369, 06. Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)This information is provided to you by IDEAS at the Research Division of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis using RePEc data.


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About this Group
The Woodhorn Church Working Group has been established to investigate options for using the currently vacant Woodhorn Church.
Membership of the group includes Cllrs Kirkup and Rogers, and members of the following organisations Newbiggin Arts Forum Ltd, Newbiggin Heritage Partnership, Churches Together, Newbiggin History Society, Northumberland County Council, KEAP Creative, Barry Mead (former Woodhorn Church Museum curator) and Lynn Burns (member of the public).
To get in touch with the working group, please contact the Town Clerk, Dennis Earl.
Friends of Woodhorn Church
We would like to form a wider 'Friends of Woodhorn Church'.
If you are interested in becoming a Friend, please complete the form below with your personal details which will solely be used for the purpose of establishing a database of people interested in the future of the church and will be used to contact you with information updates.
I am interested in becoming a Friend of Woodhorn Church.


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Plus Size Follow Your Heart Cropped White Shirt
Sexy follow your heart plus size top. Adorable heart graphic. Has wide collar and cropped design. Fits loose for a sexy plus size designer look. Great for plus size clubwear or any occasion! Get that model look! Limited in stock, get this while you can!
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Written on: 09/10/2013 by 0290blue (1 review written)
If you have a faulty item it needs to be sent away for testing before it is replaced or a refund issued.
So you may have spent £100s on shoes for example and when they leak and your feet get wet, you won't be trusted.
The shoes will be sent away, with no timescale for resolution, no shoes and no money that you spent on them.
In my case, I had to contact the store to chase up my returns every step of the way (at one point finding out that my returned shoes had arrived in store a week before and that the store had rung me once on the wrong number...and that was their sole input into the whole process). Very, very poor attitude of staff members was the final nail in the coffin and has really put me off shopping there.
Written on: 10/10/2013
Thanks for the feedback.
We do send off branded items for testing by the manufacturer, not because we don't trust the customer, but so we can find out if it was a manufacturer fault and if this is something that may effect the whole patch of product. If this is the case a full refund/exchange will be given when we get the item back from the manufacturer.
Sorry to hear about the poor service in store, which store was this? We'll pass the feedback on so they can improve in future.
GO Outdoors Web Team
As rated by our community of reviewers
" The best sunglasses ever " Read More
" Advertise in US sizes and not UK sizes " Read More
" Best online store " Read More
" Great service " Read More
" Sad " Read More


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ACParadise Network: American Cosplay Paradise American Cosplay Experience American Cosplay Snapshots
Cosplayer Shiva > Costume of Princess Tutu (Princess Tutu)
- Most Recent Photo
- Series
- Princess Tutu
- Character
- Princess Tutu
- Year Completed:
- 2008
- Construction Difficulty:
- Normal
- Awards
- Judge's Award, Masquerade, PortCon Maine 2009
- Costume worn at:
- ConnectiCon 2008
- PortConMaine 2009
- PortConMaine 2008
About this Costume
- Construction Details:
I began with a base white costume leotard which already had the V-shaped neckline and a very small white tutu bunched around the waist. I bought several yards of white and pink tulle, and pleated it into rings and sewed them on top of the smaller tutu, with each layer becoming slightly wider to give the tutu more of a French bell-shape than a Russian-style pancake shape. The top layer was a white casa satin to match the leotard, cut in a circle skirt pattern and measured to leave about two inches of pink tulle showing around its entire circumference. The same fabric was used to make the arm poofs, which were just strips of fabric with elastic bands sewn into both sides. The bracelets are wooden beads from Joann's painted with gold acrylic and threaded through hair elastics. The crown was made from Wonderflex and the necklace is Wonderflex and craft foam. The wings I made by bending wire into a dragonfly wing shape and stretching a pretty yellow fabric over the frame. Two lengths of string slip into the waistband of the tutu at the back and tie around my waist under the tulle layers where it stays hidden. The back accents are blue ribbons, and the wig is a henna-red bob from Karen's Wigs with a lock of hair styled to curve up and back in the front with hairspray. The pointe shoes I already had; even though they are broken in they are horrible to walk around a con with all day.
- Personal Thoughts:
- I've been a dancer all of my life, and when I first saw the Princess Tutu AMV, "Hall Om Mig" which won Best In Show at Anime Boston 2006, I was captivated by the footage, impressed by how well-drawn the dancing was, and had to watch the series. Originally I planned to cosplay Princess Krahe since I look more like her, but while watching I fell in love with Duck and her story instead.
Add a Comment


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Best Shots Extra: SHADOWLAND #4 Reviewed!
Shadowland #4
Written by Andy Diggle
Art by Billy Tan, Victor Olazaba and Guru eFx
Lettering by Joe Carmagna
Published by Marvel Comics
Review by David Pepose
Talk about the difference between premise and execution -- because while Shadowland has been getting a lot of flak for its simplification of Matt Murdock's character arc as Master of the Hand, when you take that out of the equation, there's a lot of interesting things that Andy Diggle and Billy Tan add to the mix. It may not be your cup of tea, but as far as the team dynamics go, there's a bit of a silver lining to Daredevil's otherwise cloudy status quo.
What do I mean? Well, yes, it's tough to ignore the fact that Matt Murdock's personality has gone from a personal crucible -- would taking over the homicidal ninnja clan known as the Hand turn them into a force for justice, or pervert one of Marvel's most hard-luck superheroes into a killer? -- and is now the sort of inorganic about-face that would get Parallax-level outrage if it wasn't so drawn-out. I get that, it's frustrating, but if you're reading the fourth issue of this, well, that's kind of par for the course.
Where I think Diggle does succeed -- or at least makes some real improvement -- is his use of Marvel's plethora of street-level characters. Was their inclusion in the previous issues organic? Heck no. But seeing them in Issue #4 Diggle gives lots of great moments, whether its Elektra taking down Hand ninjas with her blades, or Spider-Man going one-on-one with Tyhpoid Mary. It's not the cleanest dialogue in the world, but maybe that's fitting -- if you're not into the hyper-naturalism that goes into Brian Michael Bendis's Avengers, you get the sense that this is almost a reaction to that, almost harkening back to the super-utilitarianism of Grant Morrison and his JLA years: Even if the moves aren't the smartest in the world, you see why Wolverine takes one tactic, and the Punisher takes another.
And I would be remiss if I didn't mention Billy Tan, who's also been getting a lot of flak for his art. Chances are, he won't win any new converts, but I have to give him a lot of credit in the fact that this is the cleanest issue he's put out yet. While sometimes I think the characters get a little blocky and a little too craggy -- almost a marriage of David Finch and Leinil Francis Yu's styles -- there are some moments of real pop here, especially seeing the musculature in Elektra's arms as she somersaults through a cadre of sword-swinging ninjas. I think a lot of this also comes back to Guru eFx's colors -- it's a little bit warmer of a color scheme, and I think it definitely is a step in the right direction towards giving Tan's art some real energy.
Now, that's not to say that this book doesn't have some heavy flaws, almost entirely stemming from its central premise -- it feels like an incredible disservice to Daredevil as a character to take what could have been his finest (and most morally ambiguous) hour and turn it into a case of mind-control. Ultimately, it makes the central figure of this arc almost an anti-character rather than a character, a villain with no real motivation that the rest of the cast is just reacting to. But ultimately, how much of that is on the writer's end, and how much of this is due to sales? Is Shadowland less an attempt to reinvigorate lagging sales and more of a launchpad to wipe the slate clean for a new beginning? In that way, the plot seems to mask the storytelling, which is a shame -- he may have a thankless job getting us there, but when Diggle has his fun with the characters, you see that there might be a bright spot in Shadowland after all.What did you think of Shadowland #4?


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First Thoughts: Presidential race couldn't be tighter - how each one winsMon Oct 22, 2012
To fight obesity, WHO agency partners with sugary drink, salty snack makersFri Oct 19, 2012
First Thoughts: Obama's Midwest firewall?Fri Oct 19, 2012
Gas prices: There's not much that presidents can do about themWed Oct 17, 2012
- I'm not buying this idea that the President is not at fault and here is why: Oil is traded only in USD in the worldmarkets. The dollar is so devalued or weak right now that the oil cartels are charging more to make up for our weak currency. Take a look at the dollar vs the Canadian currency as an e …
The case for raising the minimum wageThu Oct 18, 2012
Rhino slaughter in South Africa sets savage pace: 455 so far this yearWed Oct 17, 2012
No GED? Some undocumented immigrants hit barriers in quest for legal statusMon Oct 15, 2012
IMF: Global economic slowdown is getting worse, US must avoid 'fiscal cliff'Tue Oct 9, 2012
Deadly crossing: Death toll rises among those desperate for the American DreamTue Oct 9, 2012
Book: Obama wanted to put bin Laden on trial if capturedWed Oct 3, 2012


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Planned Features - Addition of ten countdown timers.
QuotePlanned Features - Addition of ten countdown timers.yes!
May i suggest a paradigm for considering some options like setting colors?The smartest thing might be to simply say that such options are not worth implementing.But a second choice would be to say that it's not worth writing a whole user interface system for changing colors, and instead just support some way that advanced users can edit and an advanced setting file that is read that controls things like colors or sounds, etc.The point i'm trying to make in general is that often its coding the user interface system for configuring esoteric options that makes adding such options so impractical, and that a manually-editable advanced options file idea might come to the rescue for a wide variety of features in a wide range of programs.
v1.0.2 - 2010-11-25 + Added ability for timers to have colours. Choose Contents from the Help menu for instructions. (Thanks, Winkie)
Guess I should go by more than just the screenshot though.
Added ten countdown timers.
2) Ctrl-Shift+1 through Ctrl-Shift+0 will reset a countup timer.
+ Added separate "start all" and "stop all" buttons.
Skwire, thanks for ten more timers.
Quote from: Help File 2) Ctrl-Shift+1 through Ctrl-Shift+0 will reset a countup timer.= Ctrl-Alt+1...
Personally I would like it if these button affect only the timers which have text in it's edit field.
Especially the countdown timers, which now start at one hour if a timer is not set. I would like it to be: not set = not run.
So, which way would you like it to be? I can do either.
Page created in 0.133 seconds with 72 queries.


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Primary health care centres have been in the news recently. But should the site for your primary healthcare be a virtual one on the internet rather than a physical location?
Johnny Walker, founder of Health XL, says that investment in the digital healthcare sector area has doubled in the past year. He says the sector is looking for innovative ideas around the design of faster and more efficient design solutions to revolutionise the way healthcare services are delivered in a more personalised manner using mobile devices and other technological innovations. Johnny Walker spoke of the advantages of gaming apps in the medical sector and how they can be used to teach children healthy eating habits from an early age.
MORNING BRIEFS - Endorsement by the Duchess of Cambridge has been a big boost for Irish fashion designer Orla Kiely. Kate Middleton wore one of the designer's dresses at an event in Oxford last February and accounts filed by Orla Kiely's company in the UK show sales soared nearly 20% over the past year to £9.4m (€11.7m). This is a good performance at a time when most fashion retailers are running to stand still. Profit at the company was down, however, from £420,000 to £178,000.
*** Dublin headquartered technology company Fleetmatics has just announced the pricing range for the initial public offering of its shares in New York. Fleetmatics software helps companies track and manage their fleets of vehicles using satellite technology. Shares in the company are going to be offered to the public at $17 each. That is the higher end of the $15 to $17 range the company had indicated in its offer documents ahead of its stock market listing. The market flotation which will see the company raise about $133m or €102m.
*** Just before trading begins in New York the latest monthly job creation figures or non-farm payrolls will be published by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Analysts expect the figure will be 113,000 jobs leaving the US unemployment rate still stuck at 8.2%. If it is much better share prices on Wall Street could get a jump start. Missing the 113,000 figure will not only disappoint traders but will likely weigh heavily on the mind of President Obama as he seeks re-election.


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A pastor who was turned away earlier this month from helping immigrant children being held at an Arizona detention center said the current border crisis is an opportunity for churches to take back from the government their biblical responsibility to feed the poor.
Pastor Kyle Coffin of CrossRoads Church in Tucson, Arizona, made headlines a few weeks ago when he said the Border Patrol had refused to allow faith leaders to bring food and supplies to the Nogales Placement Center where newly arrived unaccompanied children have been processed and temporarily housed after crossing illegally into the United States.
Coffin, who lives about 60 miles from the Mexico border, called the decision to ban outside clergy, while frustrating, an opportunity for churches to realize that they should be taking the lead in feeding and assisting people in need.
"It should, I hope, get the church to sort of wake up and realize that the government has been doing our job for 70 or 80 years," Coffin told TheBlaze, calling on every church in America to consider opening a food pantry for its surrounding community.
Coffin noted that his own church, which sees about 150 to 200 parishioners at weekly services, runs a pantry that feeds 200 people in the Tucson community each week.
Without any government subsidies, CrossRoads Church offers canned food, tomato sauce, soups, pasta, produce and other foods to people in need — enough food for the entire week.
But Coffin and his church members don't only provide material needs; they also counsel families and individuals, offering advice on getting financially on track.
He told TheBlaze that his church, which uses donated food from a local market, is making a big impact and that other houses of worship should follow suit.
"If every church would say, 'I think we can do a food pantry … we wouldn't have a welfare problem," he said. "Our government would stop feeding people."
Coffin said that he believes the reason the Border Patrol wouldn't allow some faith leaders into the detention center is because officials believe they can do a better job than churches at feeding and helping those in need.
It's unclear why the Border Patrol wouldn't allow church leaders into the Nogales Placement Center, though officials' explanation earlier this month was that there were "unique" challenges making such allowances difficult.
"Due to the unique operational and security challenges of the Nogales Placement Center, religious services provided by outside faith leaders are not possible at this time," a U.S. Customs and Border Patrol representative told Fox News' Todd Starnes. "However, CBP's chaplaincy program is supporting the spiritual needs of the minors for the limited time they are at the center."
Coffin said he was told specifically that an influx of supplies would create an "inventory nightmare or an administrative nightmare" and that officials would be forced to check everything before it came through.
The government also told Coffin and others that they felt they had everything they needed to meet the kids' needs, though the pastor found himself questioning whether the spiritual needs of the children were being met — something that he said was never clearly answered.
That said, Coffin didn't suspect that anti-Christian sentiment was at play.
"I don't think it was an anti-Christian sentiment. I know that would make a good news story, but at the time they were not even letting congressmen in," he said. "They wanted to control it from within."
Recent reports have indicated that the Nogales Placement Center is being phased out as the government continues to grapple with the processing of thousands of illegal immigrants coming over the border from Centeral America.


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JAKE GYLLENHAAL & PETER SARSGAARD - Jarhead AUTOGRAPHS Signed 8x10 Photo
This is a great HAND-SIGNED 8x10 photo!
You could own this picture that has been authentically autographed by these incredible actors.
We never sell copies or reproductions of any kind; this photo has been hand-signed by Jake Gyllenhaal & Peter Sarsgaard.
Jake signed this photo at the Toronto International Film Festival in Toronto, Canada on September 8, 2013.
Peter autographed this picture after a performance of The Seagull on Broadway in New York City on November 16, 2008.
Don't miss your chance to own this fantastic piece of memorabilia!
Autograph Catalog


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Don't miss the latest teenboy sex news story over at Breaking Boy News, about three 13-year-old footballers who molested some preteen girls at a summer camp in Sweden!
Unlike the Destroyer blog, Breaking Boy News is updated daily with fresh boy news from all over the world – always illustrated with a dazzling photo. Add it to your reader!
Update March 2015: BBN is now finished, but you can enjoy the best stories by purchasing the BBN Bundle – available in print and as a download.