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May 27th, 2013 marks the one year anniversary of the passing of a tremendous fighter; a fighter who poured his heart and soul out in the ring and fought everyday outside the ring. Whether he was fighting pain, sorrow, addiction or for affection, Johnny Tapia fought hard. But his life wasn't always filled with sorrow.
Johnny Tapia was born on February 13th, 1967 to Virginia Tapia in Albuquerque, New Mexico. They lived in poverty but Virginia did what she could. She had no bad habits. She didn't smoke, didn't drink and she didn't do drugs. She did on the other hand have a knack for picking the wrong guy. Guys that would do drugs and guys that would abuse her. Young Johnny saw the abuse and attacked his mom's boyfriend to defend his mother while he was at a very young age; not even 9. His mother was his everything and he took a beating from her boyfriend while defending her.
Thing were not always that sad for him and his mother. Johnny had very fond memories of his mother who was a very kind woman. She would dance in the kitchen while cooking food and for snacks, she would give him Dr. Pepper and a Snickers bar; a treat that he would continue eating throughout his life because of the fond memories it would bring back.
When Johnny was 8, something happened that would change his life forever. His mother was dating a man named Richard and she was going to go out one night with Richard and some other people that she knew. She really didn't want to go out but ended up going anyways. She borrowed her sister's car and went out. Later that night, Johnny heard a strange noise outside and looked out the window to see his mother, chained, being dragged behind a pickup truck. Johnny screamed and ran to wake up his grandparents who just dismissed Johnny's claims of what he saw and his grandfather literally pushed him away into the wall. Johnny pleaded for someone to call the police but no one ever did. They are from the ghetto and in the ghetto you never call the cops. They are the enemy.
The very next day his mother was found with blunt force trauma and about 30 stab wounds. Her body was dumped by a rock quarry and she crawled over 100 meters to make it to the closest neighborhood to call 911. Her body was found by a construction worker who called 911 and she was taken to the hospital and registered as a Jane Do.
It wasn't until after a couple articles in the newspaper and a picture of the jewelry were shown that the Tapia family knew their beloved Virginia was the woman in the hospital. She passed away a few days after the attack on May 28th of 1975. Later in Johnny's life, it would be revealed that Virginia's boyfriend Richard was the man who took away what he treasured most.
When his mother died a piece of Johnny died with her. He never got to see her in the hospital nor go to her funeral and he needed that closure. Johnny was then taken in by his grandparents who had also taken in many other family members. There were so many people in the house that many of them slept on the floor and food had to be locked up so that no one would take more than their share.
When Johnny moved in with his grandparents, he suffered greatly. Not just from the loss of his mother but the abuse he suffered from everyone else in the house, after all he was the runt out of everyone. His grandparents told him to stay out as late as possible everyday so that they would not have to deal with him. All that changed one day when Johnny was at the neighborhood park with his uncles, (who he considered his brothers) when a rival neighborhood came and challenged them to a basketball game. It didn't take long for a fight to start. One of Johnny's uncles bet a rival five dollars that Johnny could beat up anyone from their crew. So they ended up picking their biggest guy and Johnny just beats the hell out of the guy.
From that day on Johnny received more attention and affection from his family, especially his grandfather. His grandfather used to be a boxer and also worked as a miner. He had to quit boxing because he had breathing problems from his mining job but ran everyday and stayed in shape. He even had a homemade punching bag in the backyard.
He personally took Johnny aside and began to train him, showing him how to punch and technique. Johnny even started going on runs with his grandfather. All of the time he spent with his grandfather made his uncle's jealous but Johnny started feeling happy again.
Johnny officially started boxing at age 9. In his first amateur fight, he had to hold rocks in his shorts just so he could weigh the minimum to compete. He was still the runt. He ended up being disqualified because his street instincts took over and he began kicking and biting his opponent. He was banned for two years and told to leave the street b*llsh*t behind.
Johnny had a great amateur career though and won the National Golden Gloves in the light flyweight division in 1983 and in the flyweight division in 1985. He went to the U.S. Olympics and was roommates with another future legend, Mike Tyson. They both got into trouble together and became friends.
Johnny's dream was to go pro and it was a struggle. His original trainer as a pro didn't even want to take him on which made him quit boxing all together. After some time off, he had the chance to show his skills in a sparring session which sprung up on him. He wasn't prepared and had to use a napkin as a mouth guard. Needless to say he was impressive and became a professional boxer.
His first fight as a pro was a disappointment after it ended in a draw. But the next eleven years of his career was something unheard of to today's generation. Tapia hadn't lost a fight and even became world champion, but with success comes trials and tribulations.
Johnny had avoided drugs his whole life even though drugs were always around him, but it eventually caught up with him. His drug of choice was cocaine. The high took away the pain that he had but it came with a price. He was suspended from boxing and was kicked out of his grandparent's home. He was an addict and he was now homeless.
But what's the one thing that can save someone when they are in trouble? Love. Johnny met his wife, Teresa at a party. He fell in love with her at first sight and he instantly wanted to marry her. She had no interest in him whatsoever but persistence pays off. After so many times of Johnny asking her to marry him, she finally said yes. She was a smart woman but knew nothing about his addictions and he hid them well from her at first. He loved Teresa unconditionally and she became his guardian angel by cleaning him up when he was way beyond help. She in time became his manager and pushed his career farther than they imagined.
Johnny has had many great fights throughout his career, but one of the biggest fights ever was against Danny Romero. When Johnny was younger he trained with Romero's father but when Johnny was away from the ring due to his drug problems, Romero rose as Albuquerque's top fighter and began to badmouth Johnny. A fight between the two was in the works but it actually took a few years for it to materialize.
Tensions were high leading up to the fight with both camps going back and forth with each other. A couple weeks before the fight the venue for the fight refused to house the event after Mike Tyson bit off a piece of Evander Holyfield's ear in one of the most memorable fights of all time. So, it was up to Bob Arum to find a venue and the fight ended up at the Thomas and Mack center.
Many had speculated that Romero would win by 8th round knockout but that just fueled the fire in Johnny Tapia's belly. Johnny outclassed Romero most of the fight and did it in entertaining fashion, slugging it out and taunting his opponent. He would go on to win a unanimous decision and proved that he was the fan favorite that night.
Johnny Tapia fought a total of 66 times throughout his 23 year career, winning 59 of those fight with 5 loses and 2 draws. His record said what everyone knew, he loved to fight. And boxing fans, well, we loved to watch.
But Johnny wasn't just a fighter. He wasn't always angry. He was in fact a very caring person. He helped those in need. He gave to the less fortunate out of the good in his heart. He bought people houses, cars and even paid their bills because he was once in that situation. It's what his mother would have wanted him to do.
Late in his life he found out that he suffered from many different mental illnesses. Boxing helped him cope with life and the birth of his three sons with the love of his wife made him feel loved and needed on this Earth and gave him a reason to want to live even though he has tried taking his own life on several occasions.
It's sad when someone passes away. It is even sadder when that person has touched so many lives. Even if you never met Tapia, you could relate to a lot of the situations he has been in. When someone passes away people show that they care, but as time goes on the person becomes a repressed memory. Funeral's are not meant to be tragic; they are meant to celebrate one's life which is what should be done after that person has been gone for a while.
Johnny Tapia's entire life was a highlight reel and for me was one of the greatest action fighters of my time. It is my belief that when a fighter retires, they never stay retired. Even in death their memory fights on. Johnny Tapia fought every single day of his life and boxing fans should feel blessed that they were able to partake in his "Vida Loca."
Johnny passed away one day short of the 37th anniversary of the death of his mother, Virginia. He left behind a wife and three children who miss him greatly. He is no longer with his angels on Earth and is with his angel in heaven.
Rest in Peace Johnny. I hope you have found it.


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Welcome to spectivo
spectivo GmbH was founded in January 2001 in Switzerland as a SAP consulting company. Through project and recruiting experience gained during many years with the direct collaboration of SAP SE in Walldorf, we can help you sustained.
Our strengths and focus are to find Recruiting Solutions for employers and job or contracting seekers. The second main focus is to build sustainable Web Solutions like Job-Portals, E-Commerce Solutions, Blog's, Social Media, for small companies, SMEs and private persons.
We have realized over 140 SAP & IT projects for large corporations as well as SME's. If you need qualified experts or juniors, then you are right with us. We can recruit the best people for you with a 100% Swiss Quality!
Questions? Let's make an appointment!
Some highlights
Wer are spectivo - small team with big ideas!
- Reliability
- 20 years experience in SAP - IT - Consulting/Project lead
- 100% Swiss Quality
- Permanent & Contracting employment staffing
- National and international networks established
Our skills
reliable - top quality - price friendly
we are spectivo
Das Einfache ist nicht immer das Beste. Aber das Beste ist immer einfach.
Heinrich Tessenow
If less is more, maybe nothing is everything.
Rem Koolhasa

subset: commoncrawl


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Stopped in for a quick lunch at the bar. The bartender was really nice, efficient, and service was overall very friendly.
I loved the Bash Burger! A wonderful griddled Pat La Frieda patty served with a caramelized onion & bacon jam, pickles, American cheese, and special sauce (combination of mayo, ketchup, etc. a la Shake Shack), with two onion rings on top (because why not?), and typically a giant pile of fries (I abstained). The meat was of very high quality. Cooked to temperature. Nice sear. The patties are a bit aggressively seasoned. I didn't mind, but if you are sensitive to salt, you should definitely mention it. The char on the patty, plus the salt, and the sauce, really did remind me of Shake Shack.
The bacon and onion jam was awesome. The idea was apparently inspired by the chef's love for bacon and onion cheeseburgers, but his irritation at trying to get a little bit of both in each bite. Hence the mixture of chopped up bacon and caramelized onions, as a "jam," even though there's no fruit and no sugar in the topping. I thought this jam was genius!
I couldn't bring myself to order the white truffle burger (with truffle shavings and truffle aioli), but maybe next time.


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Radio talk shows have never had much appeal for me. I'd always rather listen to either music – of just about any kind – or a book on tape, which is my preference. And given the choice between a talk show or nothing, I would opt for the silence.
The one exception I have always made is those talk shows on National Public Radio. Now by no means am I an avid listener to the NPR talk shows, but I've liked what I've heard.
Naturally, those NPR broadcasts with authors have been the most interesting to me. In some of those 'casts, it's obvious that the interviewer has read the book – and understood it. Other times, that is so far from reality it's almost funny.
Or not.
I once heard the hysterical Jill Conner Browne – she of the Sweet Potato Queen and a personal heroine of mine – interviewed by two people who didn't seem as if they had read her books or, if they had (I sure couldn't tell), they sure didn't get them. Browne is a funny woman with a wonderful outlook on life. The interviewers seemed fixated on the fact that she likes bacon. (Like that's a crime?).
With all that in mind, I am most interested in the upcoming summer fiction series that will air during NPR's Morning Edition in late August. The focus will be on crime writers and the cities they write about and live in.
And NPR is starting with some of the best: Michael Connelly and Laura Lippman.
Michael Connelly's segment on Los Angeles will air on Friday Aug. 24 with the exact time to be announced closer to the air date. The other dates still to come will be on Laura Lippman whose superior novels show the different layers of Baltimore, John Burdett, who unflinchingly delves into Bangkok, and Donna Leon, who delivers a breathtaking view of Venice.
For details, check with National Public Radio


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Welcome to Hyperion Records, an independent British classical label devoted to presenting high-quality recordings of music of all styles and from all periods from the twelfth century to the twenty-first.
Hyperion offers both CDs, and downloads in a number of formats. The site is also available in several languages.
Please use the dropdown buttons to set your preferred options, or use the checkbox to accept the defaults.
|Paul Hillier (baritone), Stephen Stubbs (medieval lute), Lena-Liis Kiesel (portative organ)» More
|Troubadour Songs & Medieval Lyrics
'Beautifully done. The recorded sound is excellent' (Gramophone)» More


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Shipping times for new iPad drop to 1-2 weeks
If you missed the preorder craze for Apple's latest toy and thought you'd have to wait a month to get your hands on it (like last year), I have some good news. It seems that this time around the company may just be able to handle the insane amount of demand. Online shipping times for every variation of the new iPad have dropped to 1-2 weeks, from 2-3 weeks last week.
This is especially significant considering that Apple has sold more new iPads its first weekend than any other iPad launch. I can only imagine how many iPads Apple has stock piled, and how many more it has on the way. The device is set to launch in 24 additional countries this Friday.
Also, if, for whatever reason, you would rather pick up the tablet in stores, you can order online any time between 10 PM and 4 AM local time and pick up your new device the very next day.
Via: AppAdvice


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Candidates suspend campaign for the day in wake of Candela's murder
While in session, lawmakers in the Buenos Aires province Lower House expressed their "deep consternation" over Candela Rodríguez's murder. At the same time, several government and opposition officials decided to suspend their campaigns for the day out of sympathy for her family.
While voicing their grief over the young girl's murder, the lawmakers in the Buenos Aires province Lower House called for "caution and responsibility" so police officials could find the culprits, they said in a written statement.
The lawmakers also agreed they would summon Justice and Security Minister Ricardo Casal to the Lower House floor in order to provide them with an update on the state of the investigation.
Ruling party lawmaker Marcelo Feliú assured that politicians "have the institucional obligation of condemning such an atrocious crime," he said. At the same time, UCR lawmaker Ricardo Jano criticized those who would bring politics into the matter.
Several government officials and opposition members decided to call off their campaigns on Thursday, out of respect for Candela's family.
The Frente Amplio Progresista's (FAP) presidential candidate Hermes Binner decided to call off all his activities for the day. "The FAP would like to join Candela's family and friend in such a painful moment, and join them in their calls for justice," a statement released by Binner's party read.
Buenos Aires province gubernatorial candidate Francisco de Narváez also suspended all his activities scheduled for Thursday in the areas of Avellaneda and Florencio Varela.


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Rough start as Linfield boss means David Healy has big questions to answer
When David Healy was unveiled as Linfield's new boss last month, he stated that he did not want a honeymoon period. His wish has come true. Northern Ireland's record goalscorer hasn't had one.
He's only been in the job a matter of weeks and already some Irish League fans are questioning his managerial abilities.
Such is the way of the modern football world. Time waits for no manager these days.
One win and you are greatest, one loss and you don't have a clue.
Healy's problem is that his Linfield side have been defeated in their last THREE league games.
That hasn't happened since 2002 - 13 years ago.
Read more:
David does not deserve criticism
Belfast Telegraph Sports Awards 2015: Top quality race for Coach of Year title
The dreadful run has seen them drop from being level on points at the top of the Danske Bank Premiership table to fourth spot, now nine points behind the leaders Crusaders.
It was on October 14 that the Blues announced Healy as the successor to his old international team-mate Warren Feeney, who after 15 months at the Windsor Park helm had decided to leave to become assistant manager at Newport County.
With Healy's arrival there was much excitement amongst Linfield supporters. After all, Healy was a huge hero to them and just about every other football follower in the country.
This was a man responsible for giving Northern Ireland some of its finest sporting moments ever - THAT winning goal against England, the stunning hat-trick to beat Spain as well as staggering strikes versus Sweden, Denmark, Austria and others. And all at Windsor Park... home to Linfield FC, the club Healy supported as a boy.
For lovers of Linfield, it seemed a match made in heaven and for Irish League football it was a major boost too with a household name and national hero moving from England to be part of the Northern Ireland club scene.
Things actually started quite well for Healy. In his first three league games, Linfield picked up seven points out of nine and in the middle of that the Blues impressed when overcoming Cliftonville 3-1 at home in the quarter-finals of the County Antrim Shield. This month, though, results have been poor. Three fixtures, three losses. Linfield 0 Crusaders 1, Linfield 1 Cliftonville 2 and on Saturday Glenavon 3 Linfield 2, sparking debate and questions about his management.
Is he too inexperienced?
Is he too nice to be a boss?
Is he too quiet?
Does he know enough about Irish League football?
This is his first management role so obviously he lacks experience and while he is a genuinely good guy, anyone in football will tell you he can be nasty and noisy when he needs or wants to be. Check out his sharp responses in post match interviews of late.
The biggest issue here is knowledge about the local game.
Healy followed it from afar playing for Manchester United, Leeds, Fulham, Sunderland and Rangers, but that is completely different to living it and breathing it week in week out.
He is trying to make up for it now by going to as many games as possible, but he's still way behind his managerial counterparts. And remember he's still getting to know his own players, let alone those in the opposition.
He won't admit it, but it's also clear that he has inherited a side that plainly isn't good enough to win the league, even though on day one he insisted that was his ambition for the season. After an encouraging opening he may have thought he could actually do it. Three defeats later and reality has bit and hit hard.
Linfield's soft underbelly has been uncovered again and sliced apart. Unlike in the past they aren't tough enough mentally or physically when they come up against quality opposition in high stakes league encounters. This hasn't just been going on in Healy's time. It was there when Feeney was in charge and in the latter years of the legendary David Jeffrey.
The club, which believes it should win the title every year, have not been champions since 2012.
Cliftonville have won it twice and Crusaders once since.
A telling and an alarming statistic is that in the last 24 league games against the Reds and the Crues with 72 points up for grabs, the Blues have only claimed 15.
They may be able to defeat them in the County Antrim Shield, but not when the heat is on at the top of the table.
This season, with Feeney in charge, Linfield started superbly, winning their first six Premiership encounters. Then they travelled to Seaview and were thumped 3-0 by the Crues.
Right now the Blues players aren't good enough to compete with the two north Belfast teams. In his excellent Belfast Telegraph column last week, former Glentoran boss Scott Young said that Linfield needed FOUR new players to even think about challenging for the title again.
Of course Healy has to support his current stars but he should already be putting plans in place to significantly strengthen his squad once the January transfer window flings open.
He must recruit extremely well because at present Linfield are weak rather than a force to be reckoned with in the heat of battle.
Until then, and he'll know this better than anyone, even though it is early days in his reign he has to get Linfield winning again to satisfy the club's demanding fans, starting on Saturday at Portadown.
Otherwise Healy will face even more questions.
Belfast Telegraph
Related Content
- David does not deserve criticism
- David Healy out to cure the Blues after Linfield's third straight loss at Glenavon


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A few months ago, a beautiful pedal ended up in my hands from a British Army explosives specialist: This pedal was the Gunshot by ThorpyFX. It was billed as a drive pedal that was engineered to be better than the rest, and after playing it for just a few minutes, it was hard to disagree. When ThorpyFX's Muffroom Cloud came in with the same pedigree, again I was impressed. These two pedals are in a class by themselves, the Muffroom Cloud is simply one of the best Muffs I've ever played. The demo video took only a short time compared to most, because every setting on the pedal was inspiring. Notes rang out super clear, not like any other Muff, and it cleans up extremely well. Even with the sustain and bass up super high it remained tight, you can totally see it in the demo. And like the Muffroom Cloud, the Gunshot was also a revelation. The controls are super interactive and no setting sounds a hair out of place. I was able to dial in the Gunshot in seconds and riffs just came to me. As a Marshall player myself, there was a real openness to the pedal, and it is one of the most amp-like boxes I've ever played. The pedal, just like a real Marshall, had plenty of glassy cleans on tap when I rolled back my guitar's volume. One of the best parts of both pedals is the construction, from the indestructable exteriors to the near-noiseless PCB construction. These Thorpy pedals define quality, and I'm proud to share them with you.
Thorpy FX Chain HomeThorpy's take on a certified classic tremolo will leave pulse addicts drooling.$285.00
ThorpyFX Fallout CloudFortified in an enclosure rugged enough to withstand its namesake, the Fallout Cloud starts with a particularl... read more$265.00
ThorpyFX GunshotThe Gunshot is ThorpyFX's flagship pedal, and truthfully, it's quite an entrance; the Gunshot is an incredible... read more$265.00
ThorpyFX The PeacekeeperLike everything that leaves ThorpyFX HQ in the UK, the Peacekeeper didn't even come off the bench before it ... read more$285.00
ThorpyFX WarthogWarthog players can cop anything from a light, velvety sheen to a full-on audience-leveling gain beast.$265.00


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Higgins, Civil Air Patrol Present Congressional Gold Medal to Frank Supkowski for Service During WWII
Congressman Brian Higgins (NY-26) joined members of the U.S. Air Force Auxiliary, Civil Air Patrol for a special presentation of a Congressional Gold Medal to Niagara Falls resident Frank A. Supkowski.
"On behalf of a grateful nation, we are honored to recognize the service of Frank Supkowski, who eagerly sought to support the work of U.S. troops and defend this country as a member of the Civil Air Patrol and later a member of the United States Army," said Congressman Higgins.
Col. Steven J. Perta, CAP Commander for the New York Wing said, "We are honored to recognize one of the early pioneers of the Civil Air Patrol, Mr. Frank Supkowski with the Congressional Gold Medal for his service during World War II. In 2016 the Civil Air Patrol will celebrate 75 years of service to America building upon the missions of Homeland Security, Aerospace Education, Emergency Services and the Cadet program that were started in 1941."
Mr. Supkowski, a Pennsylvania native, became a Civil Air Patrol Cadet in 1943 during WWII, while still attending high school. He was eager to help with the War effort but was too young to enlist in the Army. As a member of the Civil Air Patrol, Supkowski's many duties included attending National Guard meetings, serving as a lookout trained to identify enemy aircraft, and driving transport vehicles. Following his graduation from High School he enlisted in the U.S. Army and was stationed in China. He later settled in Niagara Falls and built a long career with the DuPont Company.
Colonel Steven Perta, Commander of the New York Wing for the Civil Air Patrol, Colonel Gary Fleming, Commander of the Civil Air Patrol's Pennsylvania Wing and Lt. Col. John Risio, Western New York Group Commander for the Civil Air Patrol were among other Civil Air Patrol members and supporters at the presentation which took place at the Civil Air Patrol Western New York Group Military Ball on Saturday, January 23.
During the Second World War over 100,000 men and women served in the Civil Air Patrol. The CAP flew about 750,000 hours during World War II, on coastal patrols looking for submarines, towing targets for military training, conducting search and rescue, and protecting our borders. The CAP's motto is Semper Vigilans, meaning "Always Vigilant."


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Taiwan's HTC [2] has unveiled a new smartphone boasting a higher resolution display than Apple's iPhone 5.
The new 'Butterfly' has a 5-inch screen with a pixel density of 440 ppi (pixels per inch) and full 1080P HD resolution.
While iPhone 5 has 4-inch screen at 326 ppi at a lower resolution.
The firm's chief executive Peter Chou said at the launch in Taipei that they are 'confident that HTC Butterfly will set a new example for high-end smartphones,' News.com.au reports.
HTC [3]sells its own smartphones and also makes handsets for a number of leading US companies, including Google's Nexus One, the report said.
The company has recently unveiled a new series of smartphones as it faces intense competition from Apple and South Korea's Samsung and seen its third quarter profit tumble 79.1 per cent year-on-year, it added.
[1] http://www.syndigate.info
[2] http://www.albawaba.com/business/apple-htc-patent-450619
[3] http://www.albawaba.com/business/apple-samsung-lawsuit-451097
[4] http://www.aninews.in


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Artist description:
Hm. I surprised myself by doing this. I think it looks cool, you guys tell me what you think!
Canvas Draw Created Nov 15, 2011 640 x 460px Unless noted Copyright 2011 pineguavaapple.
We encourage you to submit a comment and let the artist know what you think of this drawing. Please log in or join to post a comment.
Post a comment
great drawing! i love the colour combinations.
Wow. This is real impressive. 5h!
Thank you for the comment on my picture...Your picture is very nice, creative drawing. ~Chrantha~
This turned out really well! Very dynamic & eye catching. You should do more abstracts :D
This does looke very unusual and abstract, I love it! :) The colors here are pretty, and I love how they are rainbow colored. The textures are cool, too. :) 5/5 hearts.
Ooooooooo I agree -- This looks GREAT!!! 5h + Collection!!
hmmmm i think... how to say that,look....it is just hm.stunningggggggggggggggggg awesomeeeeeeeeeeee wow.5 big hrts.and fav .too.
Ohhh colours!!!! lol It is very pretty and cool! It looks like the little cookie dude might live there :P 5/5h :)
this is amazing! 5♥s
I think it look great ....great abstract....5/5


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Year Established:
Business Type:Manufacturer, Trading Company
Management Certifiation:
Operational Address:
Luding Xin Town Wen'an
The product is animal shapes floor mat for children,and the min.order quantity of this product is 500 Square Meter/Square Meters,and our supply ability is 500000 Square Meter/Square Meters per Month as soon as possible,the port we used is tianjin port.What's more,we support trade assurance.
Packaging & Delivery
Packaging Details: plastic carton
Delivery Detail:30 days of delivery.
100% polyester+foam+pvc backing
embossed mat and quilting stitch mat could be customized.
Living show
Wen'an Feifan Industry Co., Ltd. was founded in 2000, located in Langfang, Hebei province, China. It is a manufacturer specializing in producing and selling various chenille carpets and chenille cleaning products, with independent right to export. Our products involve different kinds of chenille carpets and various chenille cleaning products, including jacquard chenille carpets, microfiber chenille carpets, microfiber striped chenille carpets, light silk chenille carpets, cotton chenille carpets, chenille cleaning gloves, chenille cleaning duster, chenille cleaning brushes, chenille hand-drying towel series, chenille cleaning sponges, chenille flat mops etc., which are widely used in car cleaning and house cleaning. They also have been exported to Africa, Southeast Asia, Mid East, North America, South America, West Europe, South Asia, East Asia and other areas. Over the past years, we unswervingly adhere to product innovation and technology R&D, and ensure the good quality of products so that we can make our products sell well both at home and abroad, winning good recognition and support of our customers. Our vision is to become a respectable company, setting "to be the first, to create the famous "as the goal, taking "to keep pace with the times, science and technology innovation" the spirit of enterprise, striving to make the best products for our customers. We sincerely welcome you to contact with us, seeking a win-win cooperation.


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We also received a letter from a Florida M.D., Dr. David Minkoff, expressing "wariness" of the Alzheimers vaccine mentioned in our last issue. "All the data points to mercury as the key culprit in Alzheimers disease," reads the letter. "In the lab it causes amyloid plaques and tau protein. See http://www.altcorp.com on this... 'Alzheimers' is not a disease. It's a toxic condition. Vaccines don't cure toxic conditions but rather cause one to look elsewhere (in error) for the reason that will never be found."
The letter prompted further search into the question of mercury and other heavy metal toxicity. Ironically, certain vaccines appear to be part of the problem -- not directly, but through a mercury-containing preservative called thimerosal. Its usage is too recent to have a known impact on Alzheimers, but the link to autism is widely acknowledged. Other studies have established a connection between Alzheimers and the mercury contained in silver amalgam fillings.
A study was conducted in 1990 by three psychiatrists [Wenstrup et al, "Trace element imbalances in isolated subcellular fractions of Alzheimer's disease brains", Brain Research¸ Vol 553, p125-131, 1990] to look for trace element imbalances in the brains of Alzheimers patients. The brains from ten autopsied Alzheimers patients and 12 control patients of the same age were evaluated. The most significant imbalance of metals found in the Alzheimers patients was an elevated mercury level and an elevated level of bromine. Leading Edge Research tells us, "levels of mercury were especially significant in the cerebral cortex, especially in an area called the nucleus basalis of Meynert, a primary center of memory retention. Short term memory loss is initially the most common complaint. Researchers have also found significant levels of mercury in the hippocampus and amygdala, which are also structures that relate to memory."
In an article titled "Claims for Autism Caused By Childhood Vaccinations Containing Thimerosal or Mercury," the website of law firm Ashcraft & Gerel tells us:
"A full generation of children in America was exposed to dangerous doses of highly toxic ethyl mercury from 1990 through 2000. Children were injected with the toxic mercury that was a major ingredient in a chemical product called thimerosal, an additive and biological preservative packaged into multi-dose vials of many childhood vaccines. With each dose of vaccine that contained thimerosal, a child would also get an injection of toxic mercury. Each one of those mercury injections exposed the child to levels of toxic mercury in excess of the federal government's own safety guidelines.
"Mercury is widely known to cause neurological damage, often permanent. Current clinical and epidemiological research suggests that the mercury-laden thimerosal so widely given to children by the drug companies in the 1990's might cause a range of neurological and neurodevelopmental injuries, including autism. Compounding this public health disaster is that the toxic exposure was entirely avoidable. The thimerosal was added merely as product packaging for the multi-dose vials, and is not needed as a preservative when the vaccines are packaged in single-dose vials or single-use syringes."
Vaccine protocols in the U.S. in 1990 included 33 Doses of 10 Different Viral and Bacterial Vaccines by the Age of 5.
My Mom was recently diagnosed with Alzheimer's. She has had at least 12 flu shots the past years. Although I had read articles about the link between Flu shots and Alzheimer's I didn't know that it kills as well as neurologically impairs. The most surprising find though, is the similarities between autism behaviors and those of Alzheimer's patients. For those who have autistic children you should see this
yourself in the information below:
Moderate or Middle Stage AD
By this stage, Alzheimer's disease damage has spread further to the areas of the cerebral cortex that control language, reasoning, sensory processing, and conscious thought. Affected regions continue to atrophy and signs and symptoms of the disease become more pronounced and widespread. Behavior problems, such as wandering and agitation, can occur. More intensive supervision and care become necessary, and this can be difficult for many spouses and families.
Behavior is the result of complex brain processes, all of which take place in a fraction of a second in the healthy brain. In AD, many of these processes are disturbed, and this is the basis for many distressing or inappropriate behaviors. For example, a person may angrily refuse to take a bath or get dressed because he does not understand what his caregiver has asked him to do. If he does understand, he may not remember how to do it. The anger is a mask for his confusion and anxiety. Or, a person with AD may constantly follow her husband or caregiver and fret when the person is out of sight. To a person who cannot remember the past or anticipate the future, the world around her can be strange and frightening. Sticking close to a trusted and familiar caregiver may be the only thing that makes sense and provides security. Taking off clothes may seem reasonable to a person with AD who feels hot and doesn't understand or remember that undressing in public is not acceptable.
Symptoms: Increasing memory loss and confusion.
Shorter attention span.
Problems recognizing close friends and/or family.
Repetitive statements and/or movements.
Restless, especially in late afternoon and at night.
Occasional muscle twitches or jerking.
Perceptual motor problems.
Difficulty organizing thoughts, thinking logically.
Can't find right words -- makes up stories to fill in blanks.
Problems with reading, writing and numbers.
May be suspicious, irritable, fidgety, teary or silly.
Loss of impulse control -- sloppy -- won't bathe or afraid to bathe -- trouble dressing.
Gains and then loses weight.
May see or hear things that are not there.
Needs full-time supervision.
Can't remember visits immediately after you leave. Repetitive movements or statements. Sleeps often, awakens frequently at night and may get up and wander. Perceptual motor problems -- difficulty getting into a chair, setting the table for a meal. Can't find the right words. Problems with reading, numbers -- Can't follow written signs, write name, add or subtract. Suspicious -- May accuse spouse of hiding things, infidelity, may act childish. Loss of impulse control -- sloppier table manners; may undress at inappropriate times or in the wrong place. Huge appetite for junk food and other people's food; forgets when last meal was eaten, then gradually loses interest in food.
Severe Stage AD
In the last stage of AD, plaques and tangles are widespread throughout the brain, and areas of the brain have atrophied further. Patients cannot recognize family and loved ones or communicate in any way. They are completely dependent on others for care. All sense of self seems to vanish.
At the end, patients may be in bed much or all of the time. Most people with AD die from other illnesses, frequently aspiration pneumonia. This type of pneumonia happens when a person is not able to swallow properly and breathes food or liquids into the lungs.
Can't recognize family or image of self in mirror. Loses weight even with good diet. Little capacity for self care. Can't communicate with words. May put everything in mouth or touch everything. Can't control bowels, bladder. May have seizures, experience difficulty with swallowing, skin infections.
Looks in mirror and talks to own image. Needs help with bathing, dressing, eating and toileting. May groan, scream or make grunting sounds. Sleeps more.
1. Care of Alzheimer's Patients: A Manual for Nursing Home Staff by Lisa P. Gwyther ACSW, Member, Committee on Patient and Family Services, Alzheimer's Association.
2. National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Alzheimer's Disease, Unraveling the Mystery. (Text and pictures.)
Is Hidden True Cause Of Alzheimer's Your Toothpaste?
From Paul Kuhlman
Hello Jeff...
I am a truck driver, and have hauled just about everything over the past 13 years. I read your site's article postulating that naturally occurring aluminum found in water might be the key to Alzheimer's disease. I'll go one better than that.
I once picked up a 44,000 pound load of aluminum dioxide powder in the aptly-named town of Bauxite, Arkansas. Noting that the destination for the load was not a processing plant or a mill,
I enquired as to why this load was destined for the Colgate-Palmolive Company. The shipping agent said that the quality of bauxite (Aluminum dioxide) found in Arkansas was too low grade for manufacturing purposes, but was fine for toothpaste.
"Toothpaste?" I enquired. He then went on to explain that common white toothpaste is made largely from Aluminum Dioxide, which is a mildly abrasive, brilliantly white powder. They'll simply add a sudsing agent to make the bubbles, a flavoring agent to make it palatable, perhaps a food coloring agent, some water, and presto - toothpaste.
Go read the ingredients on your tube of toothpaste. It'll list one or two 'active ingredients'...notice the combined total amounts of 'active ingredients' is usually less than 1%. What about the other
* Were you aware that every day of your life, you are filling your mouth with a gob of nearly pure aluminum dioxide?
* Can you imagine the possible health effects?
* Do you see how this is the number one entry point for aluminum to enter the body?
* Can you guess why the inactive ingredients aren't listed?
* Imagine the outcry from all the millions of health conscious Americans who suddenly discovered that they are being poisoned!
*Yes, that's why they aren't listed.
So, if you and your vast readership are concerned about getting too much aluminum in their diets, you can all relax about naturally occurring aluminum in the water, or cooking with pots and pans. These are trivial sources of aluminum compared with the several pounds of aluminum directly swallowed or absorbed through the tissues while brushing our teeth.
On the bright side, we can all still have a beautiful smile in our old age, if only we can remember how to smile.
From KT Feller
Hi all.
Just to let you know that Procydin (gape seed extract) is a very powerful antioxidant and I have noticed the improvement since using it for mercury poisoning. Used in conjunction with DMSA seems good.The ailments it is used for amongst the general public are all mercury toxicity symptoms. This leads me to think they have ,perhaps by mistake, found an excellent natural source of chelation for mercury. It seems very good at cleaning up free radicals from remote areas in the body.(Eg: athritis, high bood pressure, cholestrol) Recent studies by Dr Hal Huggins and his scientists, have found amalgam fitment increase/decrease blood pressure, increase cholestrol (drastically). When removed from these volunteers, their levels retuned to normal ! To protect the lining of the arteries from the corrosive effects of Hg in the blood, the body increases the amount of cholestrol (a soft buttery substance) to negate these effects. As we all know, heart disease starts when the lining of the arteries is damaged by free radicals like Hg, and this results in buildup of cholesterol and calcium on this "rough", damaged area, eventually blocking the arteries, resulting in the all too common heart attack.
According to some figures checked up on: About half Alzheimers patients have had their gallbladder removed. The liver chelates mercury from the body and puts it out in the bile. Bile is stored in the gallbladder until ejected onto the passing stools. As this Hg contaminated bile is held in the gallbladder it gradually damages it. Once the damaged gallbladder is removed surgically, the bile is pumped straight into the colon and mercury (which is originally from amalgams) is reabsorbed into the body through the colon wall ,as the body absorbs it the same way as fats. This causes more poisoning and contributes to worsened Hg poisoning/Alzheimers.
The highest level of Hg found in the brain of an Alzheimers patient (post mortem) was about 53 times the amount found in non-amalgam brains.
Alzheimer's surge predicted
An "epidemic of Alzheimer's" over the next few decades could be far worse than previously thought, experts suggest. The number of people with Alzheimer's could treble by 2050, say US researchers, as the population surges and existing patients live longer. In the UK, predictions from the Alzheimer's Society are for a 150% increase in prevalence over the next 50 years.
The US team, from Rush Institute on Healthy Aging, claimed that the huge rise could effectively bankrupt the country's medicare system, and called for more funding for research into treatments. Their study, based on US Census data, suggested that by the middle of the 21st century, up to 16 million Americans will have Alzheimer's.
We have learned more about the brain in the last fifty years than in the previous 5,000 Harry Caton, The Alzheimer's Society Previous estimates had placed the figure at up to 14.3 million. The primary cause of the rise is the fact that many more people are expected to live into their 80s and 90s in the future.
Beyond 80, as many as one in five people has some form of dementia.
Many require highly expensive health and social care, and it is possible that the disease will not greatly alter their lifespan. Sheldon Goldberg, president and CEO of the US Alzheimer's Association, said: "This study represents a significant step forward in confirming what we're up against. "If we don't find answers soon, it will be devastating on multiple fronts."
Research hope
However, a more upbeat message was delivered by the Alzheimer's Society, despite similar predictions of increasing numbers living with the disease. Its chief executive, Harry Caton, said: "In the UK we estimate about 150% increase by the year 2050. "But the important message is that in fifty years there will be huge advances in research. "We have learned more about the brain in the last fifty years than in the previous 5,000. "So the likelihood is there will be effective treatments, prevention or even a cure in fifty years' time."
However, he added: "But for this to happen we need a real increase in funding for research, which lags well behind other major health problems such as cancer and heart disease. The study was published in the journal Archives of Neurology.
Story from BBC NEWS:
Published: 2003/08/19 04:27:10 GMT
"A Dose of Hope vs. Alzheimer's"
USA Today (www.usatoday.com) (07/28/03) P. 1D; Fackelmann, Kathleen
A 2002 study of Elan's experimental Alzheimer's disease vaccine AN-1792 was stopped early because the medicine caused brain swelling in some patients, but the treatment's benefit--of breaking up the amyloid plaques that are thought to be associated with Alzheimer's disease--suggests that a safe and effective vaccine against the disease may be closer than originally thought. Researchers at Elan and other companies are trying to create a vaccine similar enough to AN-1792 that it provides the same plaque-busting powers but different enough that its side effects no longer include the life-threatening brain swelling, a development that could have a vaccine on the market within five years. There is a question, however, that the plaques really are associated with the forgetfulness and personality changes associated with Alzheimer's disease or whether they are simply another sign of the illness; as such, a vaccine that breaks up the plaques may not change the other problem of memory loss. Either way, early results from the suspended AN-1792 trial suggested that the vaccine could slow the disease's progression, and in some patients it appeared to actually reverse problems associated with Alzheimer's.
Removing brain metals may aid Alzheimer's
By Jane E. Allen, Los Angeles Times
Tuesday, December 30, 2003
Thinking and memory among Alzheimer's patients may decline more slowly if metals are removed from the toxic plaques that accumulate in their brains. For years, scientists have experimented with ways to inhibit the production and accumulation of the protein beta-amyloid in the plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease. Excessive amounts of copper and zinc have been observed in the plaques, so researchers from the University of Melbourne in Australia tried a novel approach called chelation therapy. (Unlike chelation therapy used to draw toxic metals, such as mercury, out of the blood, this type can penetrate into the brain.)
In a preliminary experiment, they gave patients the antibiotic clioquinol, which they hypothesized could remove zinc and copper from the beta-amyloid and help dissolve the protein. In a 36-week study of 36 patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's, half received twice-daily doses of clioquinol and half received a placebo. All underwent periodic tests of thinking and memory, and blood measurements of beta-amyloid. Beta-amyloid levels dropped among those who got the drug, but increased among placebo recipients. The treated group scored higher on cognitive tests than the placebo group, but disease progression was slowed only in the most severely affected Alzheimer's patients.
The study appears in the December issue of the Archives of Neurology.
A U.S. trial is being planned, but researchers must prove they can protect patients from several nerve-damaging illnesses that led to the withdrawal of oral clioquinol from the U.S. market in the 1970s, when it was predominantly used for intestinal infections. It's still used topically.
Boyd Haley shared another citation wherein research showed the mercury is related to two markers of Alzheimers. Boyd wrote, "Oliveri et al. in the J. Neurochemistry v74, 231, 2000, showed that mercury at nanomolar levels doubled the production of beta-amyloid protein and increased the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, both factors in AD brain. However, all of the work on heavy metals and neurological diseases have, in my opinion, been trashed at NIH." (See WSJ article in cite 3).
To obtain a free pdf of cite 1, go to
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/rd.asp?code=JNC&goto=journal Then enter 74 in volume field and 231 in page field.
The second cite describes an estrogen effect.
1: J Neurochem. 2000 Jan;74(1):231-6.
Mercury induces cell cytotoxicity and oxidative stress and increases beta-amyloid secretion and tau phosphorylation in SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
Olivieri G, Brack C, Muller-Spahn F, Stahelin HB, Herrmann M, Renard P, Brockhaus M, Hock C.
Neurobiology Laboratory, Psychiatric University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
Concentrations of heavy metals, including mercury, have been shown to be altered in the brain and body fluids of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. To explore potential pathophysiological mechanisms we used an in vitro model system (SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells) and investigated the effects of inorganic mercury (HgCl2) on oxidative stress, cell cytotoxicity, beta-amyloid production, and tau phosphorylation. We demonstrated that exposure of cells to 50 microg/L (180 nM) HgCl2 for 30 min induces a 30% reduction in cellular glutathione (GSH) levels (n = 13, p<0.001). Preincubation of cells for 30 min with 1 microM melatonin or premixing melatonin and HgCl2 appeared to protect cells from the mercury-induced GSH loss. Similarly, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assays revealed that 50 microg/L HgCl2 for 24 h
produced a 50% inhibition of MTT reduction (n = 9, p<0.001). Again, melatonin preincubation protected cells from the deleterious effects of mercury, resulting in MTT reduction equaling control levels. The release of beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) 1-40 and 1-42 into cell culture supernatants after exposure to HgCl2 was shown to be different: Abeta 1-40 showed maximal (15.3 ng/ml) release after 4 h, whereas Abeta 1-42 showed maximal (9.3 ng/ml) release after 6 h of exposure to
mercury compared with untreated controls (n = 9, p<0.001). Preincubation of cells with melatonin resulted in an attenuation of Abeta 1-40 and Abeta 1-42 release. Tau phosphorylation was significantly increased in the presence of mercury (n = 9, p<0.001), whereas melatonin preincubation reduced the phosphorylation to control values. These results indicate that mercury may play a role in pathophysiological mechanisms of AD.
2: Neuroscience. 2002;113(4):849-55.
The effects of beta-estradiol on SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells during heavy metal induced oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and beta-amyloid secretion. Olivieri G, Novakovic M, Savaskan E, Meier F, Baysang G, Brockhaus M, Muller-Spahn F. Neurobiology Laboratory, Psychiatric University Hospital, CH-4025 Basel, Switzerland. firstname.lastname@example.com
The role of estrogen as a neurotrophic/neuroprotective agent in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases is increasingly being shown. In this study we examine the neuroprotective effects of beta-estradiol on SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells which have been exposed to the heavy metals cobalt and mercury. The results show that cobalt and mercury are able to induce oxidative stress and cell cytotoxicity and increase the secretion of beta-amyloid 1-40 and 1-42. These deleterious effects are reversed by the pretreatment of cells with beta-estradiol. It is further shown that beta-estradiol exerts its neuroprotective action through mechanisms which reduce oxidative stress and reduce beta-amyloid secretion. Pre-treatment of the cells with alpha-estradiol did not alleviate the toxic effects of the heavy metals. Our results are significant as they contribute to a better understanding of the mode of action of estrogen with relevance to its use in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Copyright 2002 IBRO PMID: 12182891
3. Is Alzheimer's field blocking R&D into other causes?
By SHARON BEGLEY
The Associated Press - 4/9/04 9:42 AM
?/ cgi-free/getstory_ssf.cgi?f0029_BC_WSJ--ScienceJournal&&news&newsflash-finan
4: Mercury vapor inhalation inhibits binding of GTP to tubulin in rat brain: similarity to a molecular lesion in Alzheimer diseased brain. Neurotoxicology. 1997;18(2):315-24.
Pendergrass JC, Haley BE, Vimy MJ, Winfield SA, Lorscheider FL.
College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, USA.
Hg2+ interacts with brain tubulin and disassembles microtubules that maintain neurite structure. Since it is well known that Hg vapor (Hg0) is continuously released from "silver" amalgam tooth fillings and is absorbed into brain, rats were exposed to Hg0 4h/day for 0, 2, 7, 14 and 28 d at 250 or 300 micrograms Hg/m3 air, concentrations present in mouth air of some humans with many amalgam fillings. Average rat brain Hg concentrations increased significantly (11-47 fold) with duration of Hg0 exposure. By 14 d Hg0 exposure, photoaffinity labelling on the beta-subunit of the tubulin dimer with [alpha 32P] 8N3 GTP in brain homogenates was decreased 41-74%, upon analysis of SDS-PAGE autoradiograms. The identical neurochemical lesion of similar or greater magnitude is evident in Alzheimer brain homogenates from approximately 80 % of patients, when compared to human age-matched neurological controls. Total tubulin protein levels remained relatively unchanged between Hg0 exposed rat brains and controls, and between Alzheimer brains and controls. Since the rate of tubulin polymerization is dependent upon binding of GTP to tubulin dimers, we conclude that chronic inhalation of low-level Hg0 can inhibit polymerization of brain tubulin essential for formation of microtubules. PMID: 9291481 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
In Vitro studies of pure thimerosal and vaccines with and without thimerosal added as a preservative: Comparison to Hg(II) toxicity.
SUMMARY: Data will be presented comparing Hg2+ and thimerosal toxicity as well as that of vaccines with and without thimerosal added. Aspects of the biochemical mechanisms of these toxicants will be addressed. An extensive evaluation of the potential in vitro toxicity of thimerosal and vaccines containing thimerosal as a "preservative" versus those vaccines not containing thimerosal has been the objective of recent research done in my laboratory. In these preliminary studies pure thimerosal has been shown to be more toxic to enzymes of the central nervous system than Hg2+. Further, vaccines with thimerosal added as a preservative consistently demonstrated in vitro enzyme toxicity that was markedly greater than the non-thimerosal or low thimerosal containing vaccines. We also compared the toxicity of thimerosal to solutions of mercury chloride. The data indicate that thimerosal is usually a more potent toxicant to mammalian enzymes and brain tubulin polymerization than is Hg2+. Additionally, the toxicity of thimerosal to pure enzymes is rapid and does not require break down of the released ethylmercury into Hg2+. Also, the inhibitory profile of thimerosal with enzymes of human brain homogenates is very different from the inhibitory profile of Hg2+. This is further proof that the ethylmercury released from thimerosal has its own inhibitory properties independent of any further break down to Hg2+. It seems chemically sensible that ethylmercury ( CH3CH2-Hg+) could exert its toxic effects by disrupting the internal, hydrophobic located, dithiol linkages (-S-S-) of cystine that are necessary for normal enzyme structural conformations as well as binding to the reduced thiol groups of cysteines (-SH). Such data indicate that Hg2+ and ethylmercury could act synergistically to enhance toxicity.
Additional studies on the killing of human neurons in culture show that thimerosal displays toxicities in the nanomolar range. This supports our enzyme/tubulin observations. Also, recent studies on neurons in culture have demonstrated that only Hg2+ at 10-7 to 10-10 molar concentration, of several heavy metals tested, was capable of disrupting neurite structures by causing the abnormal polymerization of tubulin baring the neurofibrils and leaving a body similar to neurofibillary tangles, a diagnostic hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. This is also in agreement with previous research from our laboratory demonstrating that Hg2+, and only Hg2+, under chelation conditions found in brain tissue could cause the abnormal tubulin behavior observed in Alzheimer's disease. The growth of neurite processes is well known to require the presence of two structural proteins, tubulin and actin. Hg2+ appears to be much more toxic to tubulin biochemical properties than to actin. Thimerosal, in contrast, appears to be about equally toxic to both tubulin and actin. This biochemical difference, along with partitioning vectors, may help explain the toxicity differences observed between Hg2+ versus organic mercuricals such as methyl and ethylmercury. Using vaccines with and without thimerosal added to determine their toxicity to human neurons in culture also follows the biochemical
observations. Vaccines with out added thimerosal are much less toxic than vaccines containing thimerosal.
With all toxicants one has to consider synergistic toxicities. In the case of thimerosal there was a reported sensitization to this mercurical by the presence of an antibiotic, tetracycline. We have done preliminary studies with tetracycline and ampicillin one the neuron killing capability of thimerosal. Both antibiotics appeared to enhance the toxicity of thimerosal. This may be due to the interactions of these antibiotics with the heavy metal portion of ethylmercury that may enhance delivery of the toxicant to specific sites in the neurons. This area should be of concern as many infants are placed on antibiotics. It would be important to evaluate this aspect of thimerosal toxicity with additional research.
INTRODUCTION: Mercury is a known neurotoxin and its mechanism of neurotoxicity has been studied in our laboratory for the past 10 years. To determine the relative toxicity we used two different biological testing systems: (i) brain homogenates and (ii) a mixture of four purified mammalian enzymes. In human brain homogenates we had earlier observed that mercuric ion rapidly inhibited tubulin viability at low micromolar levels but was less toxic to actin. Both tubulin and actin are polymerizing proteins that are actively involved in neurite growth cone activity. In contrast, vaccines containing thimerosal inhibited both tubulin and actin viability. This would indicate that thimerosal has the potential to be much more damaging to neurite development than equivalent levels of mercuric ion. It is therefore my hypothesis that thimerosal rapidly releases ethyl-mercury which most certainly could interfere directly with neurite growth and neuronal development in infants through inhibition of several dithiol and thiol-sensitive enzymes/proteins. Below I will present my interpretation of this research and that from other laboratories that focus on the potential toxicity of injected thimerosal in the vaccine mixture.
PRESENTATION CONTENTS: Thimerosal, and other compounds containing a similar thiol-organic mercury group, are widely known to be especially potent neurotoxic agents. The toxicity results we obtained were not at all unexpected since our results are very consistent with the previously reported toxicity of thimerosal containing vaccines versus non-thimerosal containing vaccines as observed in cell culture studies reported in 1986. The chemical rationale for the neurotoxicity of thimerosal is that this compound would release ethylmercury as one of its breakdown products. Ethylmercury is a well-known neurotoxin. Further, combining thimerosal with the millimolar levels of aluminum cation plus significant levels of formaldehyde, also found in these vaccines, would make the vaccine mixture of even greater risk as a neurotoxic solution. The synergistic effects of mercury toxicity in the presence of other heavy metalS (Pb, Cd, Zn) is well established in the literature (see below).
Exposing infants who are ill and do not have fully developed bilary (liver) and renal (kidney) systems to a vaccine mixture could greatly increase the toxic effects compared to that observed in healthy adults. The toxic effects of exposure to thimerosal in infants cannot be reasonably compared to those observed in adults made toxic by exposure to similar ethylmercury or methylmercury containing compounds. Mercury is primarily removed through the bilary system and aluminum is removed by the renal system. Inability of the infant to rid the body of these toxicants would greatly increase the damage they are capable of doing.
The necessity of using an anti-microbial "preservative" in vaccines to prevent contamination is obvious and acceptable. However, using a "preservative" that breaks down into a well-known neurotoxin does not appear well thought out. Especially when infants are given multiple thimerosal containing vaccinations during one office visit. Toxicity is determined by units of toxicant per unit body weight. So, if a 10 pound baby was given 4 vaccinations this would result in the equivalent of a 150 pound adult receiving 60 vaccinations in one day. This appears to happen with a great deal of regularity in practice and steps should be taken to recommend against this procedure.
One fact that has become extremely obvious to me during this past 11 years is that it is impossible to determine the exact toxic level of mercury or mercury containing compounds that is safe for all humans. There are several reasons why mercury should not be considered safe for humans at the measurable levels currently reported as "safe" by current government monitoring agencies. First, ethylmercury has its own toxic properties and does not have to break down to Hg2+ to be toxic. Therefore, to evaluate the toxicity of thimerosal delivered mercury levels by comparison to the toxicity levels of elemental mercury is scientifically invalid. Further, each human would likely have a level of toxicity from other mercury and non-mercury containing sources. These environmental toxicants could work synergistically with ethylmercury rendering the ethylmercury much more toxic than it would be in the absence of these other toxicants (e.g., elemental mercury from dental amalgams, cadmium from smoking, lead from paint and drinking water, aluminum, etc.). Humans are not rats in a pristine cage, eating rat chow carefully prepared to eliminate any toxicants. Humans smoke, drink alcohol, have numerous mercury emitting amalgam fillings, eat questionable food, and drink water known to contain other toxicants. Our laboratory has tested the toxicity in vitro of the combination of elemental mercury with some of the other toxicants. The data, not unexpectedly, shows a great increase in toxicity of equally added amounts of mercury. Our results are supported by prior research that demonstrated that a mixture of mercury and lead at LD-1 levels of each metal produced a mixture with an LD-100 effect, at least 50 times the additive effect minimally expected (Schubert, J., Riley, E.J. and Tyler, S.A., Combined Effects in Toxicology&endash;A Rapid Systematic Testing Procedure: Cadmium, Mercury and Lead. J. of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 4:763-776, 1978). Therefore, it is impossible to state the toxic effect of an injection of thimerosal unless one knows the toxic exposure of the individual to other heavy metals or other environmental toxicants, or
perhaps the properties of the antibiotic given simultaneously.
The detrimental effect of any specific level of mercury or mercury containing compound would have on any one individual's metabolic system would be directly proportional to both the level of "protective bio-compounds" (e.g., glutathione, APO-E, metallothioine) that exist within that person on the time of exposure and, the ability to physiologically clear such toxicants from the body. The level of the protective compounds would certainly be directly dependent on two factors, age and health. Infants, with their immature physiology and metabolism would not be expected to handle mercury as efficiently as mature adults. The elderly have been shown to have decreased "protective" glutathione and melatonin levels compared to middle aged and young adults. The aged are also more susceptible to oxidative toxicants such as mercury. The elderly also have weakened immune systems and are more susceptible to infections that are known to lower the chemical energy levels needed to remove toxicants. This also reduces their ability to synthesize the proteins that protect them from heavy metals.
Infants have their own weaknesses regarding toxic exposures. Infants do not make much bile in their early months of life and are unable to remove mercury through bilary transport, the major route for mercury removal. They also do not have a fully developed renal system that would remove other heavy metals as effectively as adults. Therefore, the age factor must always be considered for response to heavy metal exposure as well as spurious microbial infections.
Genetic susceptibility is of critical importance. For example, other researchers have shown that genetic carriers of the brain protein APO-E2 are protected against Alzheimer's disease (AD) whereas genetic carriers of the APO-E4 genotype are at enhanced risk factor for developing AD. APO-E proteins are synthesized in the brain with the assigned physiological task of carrying waste material from the brain to the cerebrospinal fluid, across the blood-brain barrier into the plasma where the material is cleared by the liver. The biochemical difference between APO-E2 and APO-E4
is that APO-E2 has two additional thiol groups, capable of binding and removing mercury (and ethyl-mercury) that APO-E4 does not have. The second highest concentration of APO-E proteins is in the cerebrospinal fluid. Therefore, it is my opinion that the protective effects of APO-E2 is due to its ability to protect the brain from exposure to oxidants like mercury and ethylmercury by binding these toxicants in the cerebrospinal fluid and keeping them from entering the brain. There are physicians looking at APO-E proteins as a risk factor for autism and early reports indicate that a relationship may exist.
One argument I have heard against thimerosal causing autism is the low number of children getting the disease versus the number receiving vaccinations. I think the same argument could have been made regarding acrodynia (Pinks Disease) being caused by teething powder. Perhaps autism will end up like acrodynia, where the removal of the causative material (i.e. the mercury containing teething powders) lead to cessation of the disease and the identification of the cause.
In my opinion, it is the inability to see the effects of chronic, low level toxicities on human health that is most likely our greatest failing as intelligent beings. For example, within the past year two publications in refereed scientific journals have emerged from major foreign research universities demonstrating that mercury, and only mercury, can induce the formation of the two major pathological diagnostic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Mercury does this at nanomolar concentrations. This near or below the levels of mercury found in most reports where human brains have been tested for mercury levels. First, mercury at 10-9M levels has been shown to induce an increase in amyloid protein secretion (the component of amyloid or senile plaques) and to increase the phosphorylation of a protein called Tau {see Oliveri et al., J. of Neurochemistry,V 74, p231, 2000}, and to produce neurofibillary tangles {Leong et al., NeuroReports V12(4), 733, 2001}. All of this was done with neurons in culture and represent observations found and considered diagnostic of Alzheimer's disease. Further, in a very recent article by Dr. Ashley Bush in the journal Neuron it is implied that Alzheimer's disease may be caused by heavy metal buildup. This article focused on removal of zinc and copper by chelation decreasing amyloid plaque formation in rats---mercury was not studied. However, these metals, along with mercury and silver, are the components of dental amalgams. Most of this work is in agreement with data published earlier from my laboratory in refereed articles and summarized in one single article {Pendergrass and Haley, Metal Ions in Biological Systems V34, Cahpter 16, Mercury and Its Effects on Environment and Biology, Siegel and Sigel EDS., Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1996}. This data basically demonstrated that addition of very low amounts of mercury to normal human brain homogenates inhibited critical enzymes (creatine kinase, glutamine synthetase and tubulin) that were also dramatically inhibited in Alzheimer's diseased brain. The straight-forward conclusion is that any exposure to mercury or mercury containing compounds would exacerbate the medical condition classified as Alzheimer's disease and one would even have to consider low level chronic exposure to mercury as a possible etiology for this disease.
It is very difficult to prove that mercury or organic-mercury compounds cause any specific disease that is identified by its related symptoms. This is mostly due to the high numbers of confounding factors presented in the current human environment. However, since infants get autism and related
disorders, and many of our aged are afflicted with AD, we know that they have crossed the thin-red line into the neurologically diseased state. There can be no doubt that the purposeful use of mercury in medicine and dentistry, especially if it was prolonged and excessive, would significantly contribute to the onset of their disease.
Academic medicine has searched long and hard without success to identify vectors that cause many of the neurological diseases such as AD, ALS, MS, Parkinson's, etc. The NIH has spent huge amounts of funds on the study of amyloid protein, tau protein and neuro-fibillary tangles in the search for the cause of AD---now it has been demonstrated that mercury at low concentrations can cause neurons in culture to form these protein abnormalities. Exposure of brain tissue to mercury also specifically inhibits other enzymes/proteins known to be inhibited in AD brain. Yet, there has been a paucity of NIH funds spent to study the potential neuro-toxicity of mercury routinely placed in human contact by medicine and dentistry. Further, our regulatory agencies, such as the FDA, routinely dismiss basic research showing the unique toxicity of mercury at very low concentrations and continue to allow the use of this material without testing. Certain organizations routinely use toxic mercury containing materials without experimental proof of their safety. They then argue that damage by mercury has not been "validly" proven as their defense and the FDA buys into this. Common sense implies that safety should be proven before use of toxicants in medicine and dentistry, not after. Common sense implies that the mere presence of mercury demonstrates toxicity at some level. Nowhere was this lack of common sense more evident than in the exposure of infants to thimerosal without prior testing in the recent past vaccine program.
Boyd E. Haley, Ph.D.
Boyd E. Haley is Professor and Chair at Department of Chemistry, University of Kentuccky, KY. He graduated from Franklin College in 1963 with a BA in Chemistry-Phyrsics, completed an MS in Organic Chemistry at the University of Idaho, and his Ph.D. in Chemistry-Biochemistry at Yale University Medical Center in 1971. In 1985, he was appointed a permanent member of the National Institutes of Health Biomedical Sciences Section. Dr. Haley is the author of over 114 investigational papers. Since 1997, he is Chairman and full Professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Kentucky.
Atlanta Emergency Milk Recall
From the Associated Press 10/25/05 (9:15 AM)
"Flagship Atlanta Dairy has issued a voluntary produce recall of whole milk.
...a limited amount of whole milk was formulated on October 22nd with excess Vitamin D and does NOT meet the dairy's product specifications." The product recall affects whole milk in the following brands: Parmalat, Farm Fresh, Wayfield, Piggly Wiggly, Kirkland and Kinnett."
The milk was distributed to consumers on October 22nd. Milk purchasers have had four days to drink this tainted product. Could excess Vitamin D be dangerous to their health? Consider that Vitamin D is a steroid hormone when reading the following:
"Vitamin D increases aluminum absorption, and high aluminum levels in the body may cause an Alzheimer's- like disease."
Canadian Medical Association Journal,m1992 147(9)
"Consuming as little as 45 micrograms of Vitamin D-3 in young children has resulted in signs of overdose." (one quart of milk should contain 10 micrograms)."
Pediatrics, 1963; 31
"Testing of 42 milk samples found only 12% within the expected range of Vitamin D content...Vitamin D is toxic in overdose."
New England Journal of Medicine, 1992, 326
If you've been exposed to Flagship Atlanta Dairy's toxic milk, you can reach the general manager, Ted Young, at: 404-688-2671 x-421. Should you call, ask for the number of his attorney and insurance company. Thousands of people may have been affected. This
might be cause for an enormous lack of class-action lawsuit.


text:
[lin_video src=http://eplayer.clipsyndicate.com/embed/player.js?aspect_ratio=16×9&auto_next=1&auto_start=0&div_id=videoplayer-1368923096&height=480&page_count=5&pf_id=9624&show_title=1&va_id=4063194&width=640&windows=2 service=syndicaster width=640 height=480 div_id=videoplayer-1368923096 type=script]BIRMINGHAM, Ala. (WIAT) – When all of the rain clears out and the flood water recedes it will be prime time for mosquitoes to breed.
But there are things we can do to minimize our exposure and eliminate breeding grounds from around our homes.
When it comes to mosquitoes exterminator Thomas Perrine says… "The best thing is just controlling the habitat. And the habitat starts with standing water. We call it tip and toss."
Perrine owns "The Mosquito Authority" in Mountain Brook. He says one cup of water left unattended will help breed 20,000 of the insect over a summer. So the first order of business is to get rid of standing water.
"Tip and toss is just walking your property and any water you see sitting there just dump it over because the eggs have to be in water to develop."
Once the eggs are dealt with, it is time to find the bugs where they spend most of their time. "Mosquitoes are hiding in the shadows throughout the day. So they are in the bark of trees, they are underneath leaves, in ivy."
Perrine recommends spraying at least once a month to keep mosquitoes from taking over. And no the weekly bug truck doesn't count.
"So, many people's back yards is where they do all their living. They've got the nice playgrounds and the play sets and the tramp-o-lines and the kids are playing in the hoses so it doesn't really drift that far back into their backyards to cover them."
But even if you have your yard taken care of there's no telling what conditions await on the other side of the fence. So the health department recommends using a bug repellant anyway.
And Jason Howanitz says there's a wide variety to choose from. "Deet is not the only product, so if you have concerns about deet, there are other products out there that are approved."
And Howanitz stresses it's important to read and follow the instruction on the label.
"Whatever repellent you use, make sure you don't spray it in your face. Rub it on your hands and rub it around the areas around your eyes. Some people think you just spray it all around… it's not like sun screen."
And once you've had all the fun you can handle don't forget to clean yourself up.
"It'll tell you on any type of insect repellant. Make sure you clean off the areas. Take a shower or a bath or if you just applied it to an area you can just wash it off, but you definitely don't want it to stay on the skin and absorb because it could irritate it."
For more information on The Mosquito Authority click here.
For more information about mosquito repellent and safety tips click here.


text:
A woman's trash burning spawned a brush fire that spread over 100 acres in Lincoln County.
The call came in around 3 p.m. Tuesday.
The Division of Forestry and Morrisvale Volunteer Fire Department responded to the fire on Brushy Fork Road in Alkol Tuesday afternoon.
Lorene Price told 13NEWS she was burning cardboard boxes and trash when the wind picked up the flames and spread it to the woods behind her home.
The fire melted her siding and broke windows in the back of her home.
Fire officials were at the bottom of the hill keeping the fire away from homes.
The fire in under control.
No injuries were reported.
350 Quarrier Street
Charleston, WV 25301
Main (304) 343-1313
Fax (304) 343-6138


text:
Baby & Toddler Event Now On @ Asda George
Good old Asda George have launched their Baby and Toddler Event and it's jam packed with Baby Bargains. If you are pregnant, know someone who is, or have a little baby, then you really ought to have a look. You could save £££'s.
Here's a list of the best stuff in the Asda George Baby and Toddler Event:
- Motorola MBP161 Timer* was £50 now £25
- Tommee Tippee Sangenic Nappy Disposal System* was £25 now £10
- Philips Avent Classic + Essentials Kit* was £145 now £72.50
- Fisher Price Laugh & Learn Smart Stages Toolbox* was £20.97 now £10
- Tommee Tippee - Closer to Nature - Manual Breast Pump* was £29.99 now £15
- Monkey Bodysuit* was £4 now £2
- Tommee Tippee Explora Baby Food Blender*was £19.97 now £10
- Red Kite 3 Way Carrier* was £15 now £13
- Kinder Valley White Wish Upon A Star Palm Moses Basket* was £27 now £23
- Dr Brown's Natural Flow 240ml (BLUE) Special Edition Twin Pack* was £14.99 now £12.50
- Kinder Valley Pink Waffle White Wicker Basket*was £44 now £35
- Paw Patrol Ionix Junior - Construct The Lookout Playset* was £39.97 now £29
- Chicco Pocket Snack Booster - Mandarino* was £30 now £22
- Munchkin Hot Safety Duck Bath* was £12 now £7.99
- Safety 1st Safety Harness* was £5 now £3
- Fisher Price Laugh and Learn Smart Stages Chair* was £38.97 now £20
- Philips AVENT Microwave Steam Steriliser* was £29.99 now £13
- Fisher-Price Cuddle Projection Soother - Hippo* was £24.97 now £12
- Fisher Price 3 in 1 Gym* was £29.97 now £15
- Tommee Tippee Closer to Nature Microwave Steam Steriliser*was £29.99 now £15
- Fisher Price 3 in 1 Mobile* was £25.99 now £13
You can Click and Collect your Baby Bargains for FREE from an Asda near you or pay £2.95 to have them delivered to your home.
The event has started online today and is in stores from Monday 22nd August.
TOPICS: Baby Gear
42 comments
- Victoria J.
well worth a look x
- Amie C.
Thank you xxx
- Holly H.
Must get on to the page now before its all gone lol xx
- Nat M.
Is this their actual baby event or not? X
- Jayne G.
Think it's just a sale as not as much as usually is in baby event and inshore is 22nd as I'm waiting for the car seats to be in sale for my twins xxx
- Rachel C.
some bargains on here x
- Catherine G.
Just been looking thanx x
- Alan R.
Wait...they're selling babies in Asda now? Well, that's the stork out of business.
- Flick D.
I went in this morn and it hadn't started xx
- Victoria J.
Some great deals!! It will be so much better when I know the sex of the baby. I might get the Moses basket though :)
- Neil D.
- Neil D.
- Ruth L.
Why thank you x
- Alisha T.
Just looking through it now x
- Sarah L.
Oooooh going to have a look! xxx
- Charlotte R.
it's always a good sale xx
- Cody C.
I defo wanna have a look in Asda, they've got lovely bits and bobs xx
- Nicola J.
these baby events are a godsend! Saves a fortune.
- Natalie H.
Why do they start when I have no money!!!! Haha xx
- Hannah F.
Thank you x
- Karan R.
Always helps to save some pennies! x x
- Michelle M.
Morrison's baby event doing jumbo packs of Pampers nappies for 9 pound, asda do two for £18 all year round so nothing too special there though
- Devon Q.
Oh brill I'll see what goodies they have X
- Sarah L.
worth a look at these xx
- Lindsey L.
all baby events are listed here xx
- Kym L.
Thank you. I went to morrisons yesterday and picked up some bargains. Have you seen muslin cloths on offer anywhere by any chance? Struggling to find them xx
- Christine C.
I think the Asda and Aldi ones are the best. X
- Stacey L.
lots of baby events!
- Fiona H.
- Xbx M.
Yay yay yay lol thankyou xxx
- Natalie B.
- Natalie M.
Got some baby wipes the other day from Morrisons only £7 for 12
- Nicola J.
On it already haha!! Argos has there's as well at the moment :) bought loads this week for next to nothing ohhh and smyths toys have half price of baby things :) thanks love xx
- Lucy C.
, worth keeping an eye on!
- Pamela A.
Thanks luv xxx
- Courtney H.
Thank you
- Nicola B.
, check out this page!
- Carly D.
this site is really good for telling you about deals and sales especially for baby and children things X X
- Tasha B.
Thanks hun xxx
- Jemma Y.
Amazing! Thank you. Looks great. Xxx
- Cerys P.
Massive pamper packs in asda for 10pound. And Huggies wipes £7 for a box of 12.
- Amy B.
We'll def take a look :)


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|27 Apr 1976
|Filing date
|6 Aug 1975
|Priority date
|28 Dec 1973
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Benjamin Charles Williams
|Original Assignee
|Amp Incorporated
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (11), Classifications (13)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of my prior application Ser. No. 429,452, filed Dec. 28, 1973, for "Free Standing Mother-Daughter Printed Circuit Board Contact Arrangement" by Benjamin Charles Williams.
This invention relates generally to electrical connectors for connecting a first printed circuit board, commonly known as the daughter board, to a second printed circuit board, commonly known as a mother board, and more specifically the invention relates to a simplified, all metal board-to-board connector arrangement which requires no plastic housing and which is easily installed by hand with the aid of a carrier strip which is inherently provided in the manufacture of the connector.
There are many different types of connectors in use today which are constructed to connect a first circuit board to a second circuit board. Depending upon various parameters, such as the particular type circuit boards involved, the particular environment in which the circuit boards must function, and upon individual specifications of the customer, such board-to-board connectors have widely varying characteristics and design features. For example, some board-to-board connectors are comprised of two separate plastic housings, one of which has a first set of contacts which fit into a first board and the other of which has a second set of contacts which fit into a second board. The two housings each have second sets of contacts which mate together so that the two boards are in fact connected together through the two piece connector.
Other board-to-board connectors employ a single plastic housing into which a row of connectors are embedded during the molding of the housing. Such contacts within the housing usually have a male portion and a female portion, with the male portion constructed to fit into one circuit board and the female portion constructed to recieve the edge of a second circuit board.
In other type board-to-board connectors the connectors are first secured within one of the boards and then a plastic housing is snapped over the connectors in order to provide protection and support for the connectors and also to form a slot into which the edge of a second circuit board can be inserted to make contact with the contacts secured within the first board.
There are many applications for board-to-board connectors in which no plastic housing whatever is needed, and in which the installation of the connectors can be made easily and inexpensively without the aid of expensive application tooling, and yet which have sufficient mechanical strength to effectively hold a mother and a daughter board together.
It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a board-to-board connector requiring no plastic housing.
It is a second purpose of the invention to provide a simple and inexpensive board-to-board connector which can be easily installed in a circuit board without the aid of expensive applicator tooling and which requires no plastic housing.
A third purpose of the invention is an inexpensive and reliable all metal connector, the individual contacts of which are held together by a common carrier strip to facilitate quick manual installation into a circuit board.
A fourth purpose of the invention is an all metal connector comprised of a plurality of individual contacts which can be easily installed in a circuit board by means of a removable carrier strip and in which each of said connectors is constructed to mechanically grip the edge of a second circuit board to mechanically hold the two boards together as well as to provide good electrical connection between the two circuit boards.
In accordance with the invention there is provided a plurality of generally U-shaped contacts with the end of one leg of the U being attached to a carrier strip and with the free end of the other leg of the U being bent inwardly and downwardly toward said first leg of the U so that the row of contacts provide a slot-like arrangement formed by the inner side of the first leg and the bent over portion of the second leg of each of the individual contacts.
To give structural strength to the contact, both edges of each leg of the U-shaped contact are bent back about 90� along a line parallel to the longitudinal axis of the leg and away from the opposing leg so as to provide in each leg a cross-sectional area having a configuration something in the nature of an I beam.
On both legs of the U one of the bent-back portions along the edge of the leg extend beyond the closed end of the U to form two posts which are inserted in holes prepared therefore in the printed circuit board. Such extensions of the bent-back portions of the legs of the U not only provide a means of mechanically mounting the contact upon a printed circuit board but also provide means for making electrical contact with both sides of the printed circuit board. Both the mechanical securing of the contacts to the board as well as the electrical contact made with the board is redundant in that two of such extensions of the legs of the U extend through holes in the board and can be soldered therein by appropriate soldering means, as for example, wave soldering.
The above-mentioned and other features of the invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description thereof when read in conjunction with the drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the invention showing two of such contacts installed in a printed circuit board with the carrier strip still attached thereto; and
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a printed circuit board showing the locations of the holes in said printed circuit board for receiving the two legs of each of the U-shaped contacts of FIG. 1.
Referring now to FIG. 1 the three U-shaped contacts 10, 11 and 53 are shown mounted upon a circuit board 29. The carrier strip 15, which holds the three contacts 10, 11 and 53 together in a predetermined spatial relationship, is also shown in FIG. 1. It is understood that the carrier 15 is usually broken off at the score lines 40 and 41 after the contacts 10, 11 and 53 are mounted upon the board 29.
It is also to be understood that while only three such contacts 10, 11 and 53 are shown mounted in circuit board 29, many such contacts can, in fact, be simultaneously mounted on the circuit board. Specifically, the receiving circuit board is prepared to receive a given number of contacts by drilling holes therein, such as the holes 31 and 30, shown in FIG. 2, for each contact. Then a portion of the carrier strip 15 is cut so as to contain the desired number of contacts, which are then mounted in the printed circuit board with the aid of the still attached carrier strip 15.
Each of the contacts, such as contacts 10, 11 and 53 are the same. Accordingly, only contact 10 will be described in detail.
Contact 10 can be seen to be generally U-shaped in nature with two main legs 12 and 13, and a transverse connecting portion 18 connecting said two main legs together at the closed end of the U.
One of the two legs 12 has a portion 14 which is connected to carrier strip 15 through a scored section 41 which, as mentioned above, is utilized later to break off the carrier strip 15 from the contacts.
The other leg 13 of the U-shaped contact has its free end 26 bent over and towards the other leg 12. The bent over portion 26 is terminated at tip 24 by being bent back slightly toward the leg 13 so as to permit easy entry and withdrawal of a second circuit board (60) into and from between said bent-over portion 26 and the inner surface of the other leg 12.
To provide structural strength, each of the two legs 12 and 13 have their longitudinal edges bent in a direction away from each other. More specifically the leg 13 has its longitudinal edges 22 and 23 bent backwards away from the leg 12 in such a manner that bent edges 22 and 23 form a flange type feature to provide the leg 13 with the cross-sectional area somewhat similar to that of an I-beam, thereby providing structural strength to the leg 13.
Similarly, the leg 12 has its two longitudinal edges 20 and 21 bent backwards away from the other leg 13 to provide a similar I-beam type structure.
The bent-over tip portion 26 of leg 13 also has its edges 25 bent-over substantially at right angles to the main outer surface 45 of the bent-over portion 26 to add structural strength thereto.
One of the flanged edges 23 of leg 13 extends downwardly beyond the closed end of the U to form a post-like element 27 which extends through a hole 31 in circuit board 29.
Similarly, one of the flange portions 20 of the other leg 12 of contact 10 extends down below the closed end 18 of contact 10 to form a post-like element 28 which extends through a second hole 30 in circuit board 29. It is to be noted that apertures 30 and 31 are positioned at diagonal corners of contact 10 to provide for the greatest mounting stability and the greatest strength of contact 10 on the surface of the circuit board 29.
Each of the two post-like elements 27 and 28 can be soldered to one or both sides of the circuit board 29. For example, leg 28 is being shown as being soldered to a metallic circuit pad 48 on the upper side of printed circuit board 29 and to a circuit pad 34 on the lower side of printed circuit board 29. Also, if desired, the leg 28 (or the leg 27) can be extended through and beyond the board 29 to form a post 54 to which an additional connection, such as a wire wrap, can be made.
The closed portion 18 of the U-shaped contact 10 is arched upwardly in the middle, i.e., portion 18 is concave with respect to the upper surface of circuit board 29 to prevent rocking of contact 10 thereon.
It is also to be noted that the three contacts 11, 10 and 53 as well as other contacts which might be connected to the carrier strip 15, can be arranged in a straight line so that a second printed circuit board (60) can be inserted into the gaps between the two legs of the contact. More specifically, the edge of the second circuit board is inserted between the inner surface of leg 12 of contact 10 and the inner surface 45 of the bent-over portion 26 of the other leg 13 of contact 10. It is apparent that a plurality of such contacts arranged in a row form, what is, in effect, a slot into which the edge of the second printed circuit board is inserted. Appropriate contacts, usually plated on circuit paths, are provided on the second printed circuit board to electrically mate with the individual contacts such as contacts 10, 11 and 53.
The plan view of a portion of the circuit board 29, as shown in FIG. 2, is provided only to show with more clarity the location of the holes provided therein to receive the individual contacts. More specifically, the holes 31 and 30 of FIG. 2 receive the two legs of contact 10 of FIG. 1, and holes 50 and 51 receive the two legs of contact 11.
Referring again to the bent-over portions of one of the legs of the U-shaped contacts, such as bent-over portion 26 of contact 10, it is to be noted that such bent-over portion 26 provides a spring-like force effect on the edge of a circuit board inserted therein. Such spring-like force effect will maintain a constant pressure against the contacts on the edge of the printed circuit board, and also will function to provide an anti-stress feature in that if the second printed circuit board (60) is accidentally moved from its normal right angle position to the mother board 29, the element 26 will give somewhat, within its elastic limits, to prevent damage being done either to the contacts, such as contacts 10, 11 or 53, or to the printed circuit contact pads on the daughter board (60).
It is to be understood that the form of the invention shown and described herein is but a preferred embodiment thereof and that various modifications can be made in the details of design, such as proportion and cross-sectional configuration of the legs of the contacts, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|4 Dec 1961
|24 Nov 1964
|Gen Dynamics Corp
|Electrical connector for a printed circuit board and cable
|20 Mar 1961
|25 Jan 1966
|Elco Corp
|Contact for direct reception of printed circuit board
|18 Jun 1970
|2 Nov 1971
|Anaconda Wire & Cable Co
|Printed circuit board connector clip
|21 Apr 1971
|13 Jun 1972
|Wilhelm Angele
|Electrical connector
|28 Nov 1969
|27 Jun 1972
|Molex Products Co
|Integrated circuit terminal and method
|17 May 1972
|9 Oct 1973
|Amp Inc
|Connecting and mounting means for substrates
|25 Feb 1972
|18 Jun 1974
|Molex Inc
|Integrated circuit terminal and method
|Amphenol-Borg Electronics Corp; "Objectivity"; Nov. 1963 Magazine Ad.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|27 Sep 1976
|31 Jan 1978
|Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated
|Unitary fuse clip having a wire wrap terminal
|25 Mar 1977
|5 Sep 1978
|Hughes Aircraft Company
|Quick connect and non-destructive disconnect electrical wiring-connector device
|28 Jan 1980
|3 Mar 1981
|Methode Electronics, Inc.
|Electrical edge connector
|31 Mar 1982
|27 Mar 1984
|Amp Incorporated
|Surface mount/daughter board connector
|17 Nov 1982
|2 Apr 1985
|Allied Corporation
|Electrical termination system and connector member
|30 Oct 1990
|12 Nov 1991
|Amp Incorporated
|Printed circuit board contact
|30 Aug 1996
|20 Jan 1998
|Autosplice Systems Inc.
|Surface-mountable socket connector
|6 Jun 2008
|18 Aug 2009
|Yokowo Co., Ltd.
|Electric connector
|6 Jun 2008
|11 Dec 2008
|Yokowo Co., Ltd.
|Electric connector
|4 Aug 2012
|30 Apr 2014
|Solderable contact
|4 Aug 2012
|7 Mar 2013
|Amphenol-Tuchel Electronics Gmbh
|Solderable contact
|U.S. Classification
|439/62, 439/858, 439/81
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Cinema Schedule
Pattaya Mail
Updated every Friday
Home and Decor Exhibition on display at Carrefour as part of Valentines Day festivities
Valentines Day celebrates love and as with many couples around the world who choose to spend their life together the home, or love nest, is a vital factor in the lives of modern day society. With this in mind, the Super Progressive Company (2002) Ltd recently opened their Home & Decor Exhibition and Valentine with Love on the 2nd floor of the Carrefour shopping center on Pattaya Central Road.
Pattaya Mail team takes time out for annual staff party
The Pattaya Mail crew took time out from their busy schedules to partake in the annual staff party at the Diana Garden Resort last Friday evening.
Peter Malhotra, managing director of the Pattaya Mail Publishing Company, along with the management team and staff enjoyed a festive evening after the hard work over the last year.
Khun Sopin Teppajak Managing Director of Diana Group presided over the wedding ceremony of Petladda Saungsong and Jiraphan Manokham held at the poolside of Diana Garden Resort, North Pattaya. Here she wishes the newlyweds many years of happiness.
Schlumberger Laser Nationals: An Outstanding Success
In a closely-contested regatta, Royal Thai Navy sailor, multi-times Laser national champion and Sydney Olympian, Veerasit Puangnak, on five penalty points, beat a very strong line-up of Thailand's best sailors, with Varunian Frank Teeuwen second on nine points, followed by Manat Phintong (10), Kevin Whitcraft (23), Chulapong Chanyim (24), Doug Morse (25), Marcel Dubbelman (29), U Thiha (33), Charlie Zbinden (35) and Philippe Narbonne (42), third to tenth placing, respectively.
E-mail: [email protected]
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