text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 20, 2010
|Filing date
|Dec 19, 2003
|Priority date
|Jun 13, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Kevin T. O'Dougherty, Robert E. Andrews, Tripunithura V. Jayaraman, Joseph P. Menning, Christopher A. Baye-Wallace
|Original Assignee
|Advanced Technology Materials, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (73), Non-Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (17), Classifications (27), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Embodiments described relate to reader or tracking systems. In particular, embodiments relate to reader systems employing features to ensure secure and proper readings. Embodiments may also relate to features that account for changes in characteristics from one item being read or tracked to another.
In the fabrication of semiconductor devices, materials of varying purposes are deposited on a semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor substrate is often a wafer of monocrystalline silicon materials such as silicon dioxide. Materials deposited thereon may include copper, aluminum and other metals to form metal lines or other circuit features within trenches of the semiconductor substrate. Additional circuit features and material layers may be formed on the semiconductor substrate throughout the fabrication process.
In order to form trenches as described above, a photoresist material is first deposited above the semiconductor substrate. The manner of transport and delivery of the photoresist material to the semiconductor substrate may be critical to the fabrication process. For example, the cost of application of the wrong type of photoresist may be quite extreme. Such an error may cost in terms of a destroyed expensive semiconductor substrate, such as a circuit device wafer, wasted photoresist, and the downtime necessary to correct the error.
The photoresist material described above is transported and delivered to the surface of the semiconductor substrate in a liquid form. The photoresist material is applied and thinly spread across the semiconductor substrate surface generally by a spin-on process. Parameters of the spin-on process are selected to ensure a fairly uniform, thin distribution of the photoresist across the surface of the semiconductor substrate. This is often followed by application of heat to the semiconductor substrate resulting in the formation of a solid photoresist layer on the semiconductor substrate.
The solid photoresist layer described above may be patterned to allow for the formation of trenches therebelow by conventional etching techniques. However, proper trench formation and uniformity is dependent in part upon the degree of uniformity displayed by the thin photoresist layer defining the trenches. Indeed, proper transport and delivery of photoresist material to the semiconductor substrate is critical to the fabrication of a reliable semiconductor device. In fact, as device features, such as metal lines, become smaller and smaller, the adverse effect of photoresist non-uniformity on a device feature becomes magnified.
Achieving a uniformly thin photoresist layer may require application of a spin-on, or other process, which employs parameters based on the particular physical and functional characteristics of the photoresist material. Unfortunately, characteristics of a photoresist material type may vary from one batch to the next. For example, the viscosity of a photoresist type may vary from one batch or container to the next. Thus, establishing reliable predetermined parameters for forming an adequately uniform photoresist layer on a semiconductor substrate may be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to accomplish. Proper transport and application of photoresist material to the semiconductor substrate faces challenges related to both providing the proper type of photoresist material, and employment of the proper application parameters in light of precise characteristics of the photoresist material provided.
Embodiments are described below with reference to certain features of a secure reader system. In particular, features are described which help to ensure the reliability and security of a container assembly containing a photoresist material. Additionally, features are described which allow for seamless calibration of application parameters to ensure that any change in characteristics of a photoresist material type are accounted for when changing from one batch or container of photoresist material to the next.
Referring now to
The container assembly 110 includes an information storing mechanism for storing information about a material contained therein, such as an information tag 200 (see
The container assembly 110 is configured to accommodate a material that is to be delivered to the process assembly 103. In the embodiment shown, the connector 118 is coupled to a process assembly 103 by way of a material line 125. Similarly, the connector 118 is coupled to the control unit 102. The control unit 102 is configured to identify and monitor the container assembly 110 as described further herein. An information cable 122 is provided for communication between the container assembly 110 and the control unit 102.
In the embodiment shown in
Central processing capability is contained within the controller 150 and a controller cable 155 is provided to couple the process assembly 103 thereto. In this manner, applications employing material from a container assembly 110 may be directed by the control unit 102. For example, a user may direct such an application via the touch screen monitor 140. In certain embodiments, directing of such an application is based on information obtained from the information storing mechanism described above, and with reference to
Continuing with reference to
Referring now to
With additional reference to
As also described above, the cap 115 of the container assembly 110 also includes an information tag 200 as the information storing mechanism. The information tag 200 is configured to hold data regarding the material contained by the container assembly 110. For example, in one embodiment, data regarding the material's properties, date and conditions of manufacture, amount, and other characteristics are stored at the information tag 200 (see 710 of
The information tag 200 may be a bar code, magnetic strip, radio frequency identification (RFID) device employing electronically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), or any other conventional mechanism suitable for storing information regarding material contained within the container assembly 110. In one embodiment, the information tag 200 includes EEPROM to increase the amount of data which may be stored at the information tag 200. In this embodiment, the data may be updated as indicated at 820 of
Continuing with reference to
The information cable 122 terminates at an antenna assembly 275 as noted. The connector 118 may be physically coupled to the cap 115, with the probe 215 in the container body 120 and antenna assembly 275 adjacent the information tag 200. Once positioned in this manner, the antenna assembly 275 may read information from the information tag 200 at the cap 115. In one embodiment, the antenna assembly 275 is prevented from reading information until the type of coupling described here, between the connector 118 and the cap 115, is employed. Information read by the antenna assembly 275 may be associated exclusively with the container assembly 110 due to the manner in which the connector 118 is physically secured and positioned at the container assembly 110. Thus, the connector 118 acts as a single pathway through which both material, in the container assembly 110, and information from the information tag 200, may pass.
To further ensure that the proper material and container assembly 110 are coupled to the connector 118 for a desired application, a verification tool 250 may be employed prior to coupling the connector 118 to the cap 115 of the container assembly 110. The verification tool 250 includes a verification cable 255 coupled to the controller 150 (see
With additional reference to
In the embodiment shown, verification, as described above, prevents rupturing of the rupturable membrane 210 and exposure of the photoresist material 300 in order to verify the container assembly 110 and photoresist material 300 for use in a desired application. Additionally, the verification indicator 260 may elicit a visible response from the antenna assembly 275 as directed by the controller 150. This may include visible responses from multiple antenna assemblies 275 simultaneously, such as at a material drawer 130 as shown in
With reference to
The connector 118 is simultaneously secured to the cap 115 in a manner that also allows information from the information tag 200 to be read by the antenna assembly 275. The connector 118 is secured in this manner ensuring that it is ready to draw photoresist material 300 from the container assembly 110 at the same time the information may be transferred from the information tag 200 to the antenna assembly 275. This physically eliminates the possibility of the antenna assembly 275 reading information from any source other than the information tag 200 of the very container assembly 110 that is simultaneously in communication with the connector 118. For example, this prevents users from obtaining information from the information tag 200 of one usable container assembly 110 and photoresist material 300 only to later mistakenly couple a different unusable container to the connector 118 for an application.
Referring to
With reference to
The antenna portion 480 may serve to read information from the information tag 200. The antenna indicator 485 may include LED features configured to light up based on the information obtained from the information tag 200. For example, in one embodiment, the antenna indicator 485 may emit a green light when the information read from the information tag 200 indicates that an acceptable photoresist material 300 and container assembly 110 are present for a given application. Alternatively, the antenna indicator 485 may emit a red light when the information from the information tag 200 indicates otherwise. This may provide further assurance to the user that the proper container assembly 110 is being employed before an application is run making use of the photoresist material 300.
Continuing with reference to
In addition to directing the application based on readings obtained from the information tag 200, the controller 150 may also direct that readings take place on a continuous or ongoing basis as indicated at 830 of
Continuing with reference to
Referring to
Referring to
As shown in
With reference to
In one embodiment, the photoresist material 300 is an i-line photoresist, such as a novolak resin and a phenolic compound in a propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA) solvent. The phenolic compound may be a diazonaphtha quinone derivative. The controller 150, by way of the microprocessor 160, directs spinning of the spin-on tool 600 at between about 4,000 rpm and about 5,000 rpm as the photoresist material 300 is delivered. The semiconductor substrate 675 is then exposed to a temperature of between about 90� C. and about 100� C. for between about 25 seconds and about 35 seconds. A film of photoresist material 300 is thus provided on the semiconductor substrate 675. The resulting film may have a thickness of between about 1.0 microns and about 1.4 microns.
In other embodiments, similar but alternative parameters may be employed to provide alternate films of photoresist material 300 having different thicknesses. For example, in one embodiment a deep ultraviolet (UV) photoresist film may be provided having a thickness of between about 0.6 microns and about 1.0 microns. In another embodiment, a 193 nm photoresist, similar in character to a deep UV photoresist, may be provided having a thickness of between about 0.6 microns and about 0.8 microns.
The above described applications proceed based in part on information stored at the container assembly 110. However, in certain situations the information may not be entirely accurate. In the embodiments described here this may lead to the film thickness deviating from a desired range or other distribution problems. For example, there may be a change in viscosity from one batch or container of photoresist to the next that is unaccounted for at the time information is originally stored at the container assembly 110. As shown in
In yet another embodiment, information obtained from an information storing mechanism may be used dynamically. For example, in situations where material properties, such as viscosity, change over time, information stored at the information storing mechanism may relate to the age of the material or its viscosity at a given point in time. When running an application such information may be accounted for in an automated manner. For example, where the controller 150 has known viscosity rate change information stored therein (see
Embodiments described above provide a secure manner of ensuring that a particular given material is exclusively made available for a given application. Embodiments are also described which provide a user-friendly and seamless manner of verifying and, if necessary, updating application parameters for which the material is to be employed.
While the above embodiments are described with reference to particular semiconductor photoresist applications other embodiments and features may be employed. For example, embodiments may be directed at spin on dielectric applications. Additionally, a system such as that described above may be configured for applications employing gas containers, blood bags, biopharmaceutical containers, drug delivery devices, and containers containing one of a variety of material types including returnable and reusable containers. A reusable container may even employ an information mechanism having new material information written thereon for each subsequent use of the container with new material therein. Embodiments described may be of particular benefit where material characteristics are prone to vary for example, from one container or batch to the next. Additionally, various other features and methods may be employed which are within the scope of the described embodiments.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 23, 1988
|Aug 28, 1990
|Baxter International Inc.
|System for providing access to sealed containers
|Jan 23, 1989
|May 7, 1991
|Siemens Corporate Research, Inc.
|Workcell controller employing entity-server model for physical objects and logical abstractions
|Oct 20, 1989
|Apr 7, 1992
|Now Technologies, Inc.
|Container and dispensing system for liquid chemicals
|May 28, 1991
|Jun 29, 1993
|Axiomatics Corporation
|Apparatus and methods for measuring the dielectric and geometric properties of materials
|Dec 3, 1991
|Jan 31, 1995
|Wang; Kjetil
|Device for the assembly or disassembly of probes in process pipes, tanks, etc.
|May 23, 1994
|Jun 11, 1996
|Ingersoll-Dresser Pump Company
|Metering device for granular materials
|Dec 16, 1992
|Jul 23, 1996
|Gemplus Card International
|System for the identification of containers, notably gas cylinders
|Nov 22, 1993
|Sep 24, 1996
|Ohmeda Inc.
|Nitric oxide delivery system
|Jun 6, 1995
|Jan 14, 1997
|Dolan; James P.
|Valve stem gas leak detector
|Jun 3, 1994
|Feb 18, 1997
|Dover Corporation
|Coupler identification systems
|Nov 1, 1995
|May 6, 1997
|Xerox Corporation
|Decentralized tracking and routing system wherein packages are associated with active tags
|Feb 28, 1996
|Jun 3, 1997
|Beaudin; Allen B.
|Automated gas measurement system
|Oct 16, 1996
|Jun 10, 1997
|Ingersoll-Dresser Pump Company
|System for dispensing dry agricultural chemicals
|Feb 16, 1996
|Jul 29, 1997
|David C. Nelson Of Premium Balloon Accessories
|Automated balloon inflation device
|Mar 20, 1997
|Apr 7, 1998
|Ingersoll-Dresser Pump Company
|Method for dispensing dry granular materials
|Mar 10, 1997
|Apr 28, 1998
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Thermal isolation system in a chromatograph
|Dec 16, 1996
|Sep 8, 1998
|Hudson Technologies, Inc.
|Apparatus for recovering and analyzing volatile refrigerants
|Jul 10, 1996
|Sep 8, 1998
|Pathfinder Systems, Inc.
|Portable pneumatic precision metering device
|Mar 28, 1997
|Dec 22, 1998
|De La Huerga; Carlos
|Interactive label for medication containers and dispensers
|Mar 12, 1997
|Mar 2, 1999
|Now Technologies, Inc.
|Liquid chemical dispensing system with sensor
|Sep 21, 1995
|Mar 16, 1999
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Device for contactless, inductive power and data transmission, and preferred use thereof for identifying gas cylinders
|Jul 19, 1996
|Apr 13, 1999
|Techno Medica Co., Ltd.
|Automatic bar code label applying apparatus for test tubes
|Sep 29, 1995
|Aug 17, 1999
|Advanced Thermal Solutions, Inc.
|Universal transceiver
|Nov 20, 1997
|Aug 24, 1999
|Innovative Measurement Methods, Inc.
|Multi-sensor hydrostatic gauge for fuel storage tanks
|Jul 17, 1996
|Sep 7, 1999
|Span Instruments, Inc.
|Inventory control probe and control module with docking station
|Feb 14, 1997
|Sep 14, 1999
|Millipore Corporation
|Automated gas cylinder tracking system
|Jan 6, 1997
|Sep 21, 1999
|Rosemount Inc.
|Modular probe
|May 29, 1998
|May 23, 2000
|Gilbarco Inc.
|Real time blending apparatus and method
|Aug 15, 1997
|May 30, 2000
|Shell Oil Company
|Nondestructive method for detection of defects and the condition of liners in polymer-lined pipes and equipment
|Aug 3, 1999
|Oct 31, 2000
|Intermec Ip Corp.
|Automated RFID transponder manufacturing on flexible tape substrates
|Sep 10, 1999
|Nov 14, 2000
|Moore North America, Inc.
|Radio frequency identification tags and labels
|Mar 1, 1999
|Dec 19, 2000
|L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude
|Installation for storing and holding gas cylinders
|May 12, 1999
|Dec 26, 2000
|Industrial Scientific Corporation
|Method of identifying a gas
|Mar 23, 1999
|Mar 27, 2001
|Now Technologies, Inc.
|Liquid chemical dispensing system with pressurization
|May 6, 1999
|Apr 3, 2001
|On Track Innovations Ltd.
|Self-closing cap for the filling neck of a container
|Apr 13, 2000
|May 22, 2001
|Cyrano Sciences Inc.
|Handheld sensing apparatus
|Mar 21, 2000
|Aug 7, 2001
|Kavita M Shukla
|Smart lid
|Feb 8, 2000
|Aug 14, 2001
|Marconi Commerce Systems Inc.
|Internet capable browser dispenser architecture
|Jun 6, 2000
|Aug 28, 2001
|Traptec Corporation
|Vehicle tire leak detection system and method of using the same
|Jul 30, 1999
|Aug 28, 2001
|Ricoh Company, Ltd.
|Methods and systems for controlling olfactory stimuli
|Nov 6, 2000
|Nov 20, 2001
|L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude
|Installation for storing and holding gas cylinders
|Mar 22, 2000
|Jun 18, 2002
|Delphi Technologies, Inc.
|Ultra accurate gas injection system
|Jul 5, 2000
|Sep 10, 2002
|Semitool, Inc.
|Chemical solutions system for processing semiconductor materials
|Sep 5, 2000
|Feb 4, 2003
|Lockheed Martin Corporation
|Fluid control system with autonomously controlled pump
|Aug 30, 2000
|Feb 25, 2003
|Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
|Method of controlling photoresist thickness based upon photoresist viscosity
|Jul 31, 2000
|Apr 1, 2003
|Chart Inc.
|Differential pressure gauge for cryogenic fluids
|May 7, 2001
|Apr 8, 2003
|Steven L. Weiner
|Medication reminder device
|Jan 12, 2001
|Apr 29, 2003
|Ondeo Nalco Company
|Low cost, on-line corrosion monitor and smart corrosion probe
|Feb 4, 2000
|Apr 29, 2003
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Method and apparatus for evaluation of position location performance
|Dec 21, 2000
|Apr 29, 2003
|The Coca-Cola Company
|Vending machine
|May 18, 1999
|Apr 29, 2003
|Applied Materials, Inc.
|Semiconductor processing techniques
|Feb 7, 2000
|May 6, 2003
|Steris Inc.
|Liquid cleaning and sterilization method
|Mar 6, 1998
|May 27, 2003
|Russel Dean Leatherman
|Wireless nozzle interface for a fuel dispenser
|May 18, 2002
|Jul 15, 2003
|Rick A. Britton
|Fixture to mount a miniature proximity transponder to another article
|Sep 7, 1999
|Jul 22, 2003
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Electromagnetic detector apparatus and method for oil or gas well, and circuit-bearing displaceable object to be detected therein
|Feb 10, 2000
|Sep 9, 2003
|Sony Corporation
|Method and system for recommending electronic component connectivity configurations and other information
|Jun 14, 2001
|Oct 14, 2003
|Dan B. Pool
|Medication timing device
|Apr 18, 2002
|Nov 4, 2003
|Marconi Communications Inc.
|Tuning techniques for a slot antenna
|May 21, 2002
|Nov 18, 2003
|Colder Products Company
|Connector apparatus and method for connecting the same for controlling fluid dispensing
|Sep 18, 2002
|Jan 6, 2004
|Imx Labs, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for custom cosmetic dispensing
|Mar 30, 1999
|Apr 13, 2004
|Microchip Technology Incorporated
|Radio frequency identification tag device with sensor input
|Jul 26, 2002
|May 11, 2004
|Semitool, Inc.
|Chemical solutions methods for processing semiconductor materials
|Apr 2, 2001
|Jan 18, 2005
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Smart container for bulk delivery
|Jun 13, 2001
|Apr 12, 2005
|Advanced Technology Materials, Inc.
|Liquid handling system with electronic information storage
|Apr 12, 2001
|Jun 13, 2006
|Carlos De La Huerga
|Product labeling method and apparatus
|Dec 5, 2000
|Dec 20, 2001
|Applied Materials, Inc.
|Flow diffuser to be used in electro-chemical plating system
|Mar 23, 2001
|Jun 20, 2002
|Hill Richard A.
|Apparatus and method for gathering and utilizing data
|Jun 13, 2001
|Dec 19, 2002
|O'dougherty Kevin T.
|Liquid handling system with electronic information storage
|May 3, 2002
|Jan 2, 2003
|O'dougherty Kevin T.
|Liquid handling system with electronic information storage
|Mar 8, 2005
|Aug 11, 2005
|O'dougherty Kevin T.
|Liquid handling system with electronic information storage
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Mar 14, 2000
|Sep 21, 2000
|Molteni L. E C. Dei Fratelli Alitti Societa' Di Esercizio S.P.A.
|Precision dispenser for liquids
|Bob Lorefice, et al., Semiconductor International, pp. 1-9, "How to Minimize Resist Usage . . . "(2003).
|Philips Semiconductor, Controllers for High Security, Crypto and Dual Interface Smart Cards, Mar. 1999.
|Philips Semiconductort, mifare System Overview, Dec. 1998.
|U.S. Appl. No. 10/139,185, filed May 3, 2002, Chilcoate, et al.
|U.S. Appl. No. 10/139,186, filed May 3, 2002, Wertenberger.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 30, 2010
|Dec 28, 2010
|Advanced Technology Materials, Inc.
|Tantalum amido-complexes with chelate ligands useful for CVD and ALD of TaN and Ta205 thin films
|Jan 30, 2008
|Mar 20, 2012
|Powerchip Technology Corporation
|Tank-locking device, system for managing liquid supply and method using the same
|Feb 17, 2010
|Apr 3, 2012
|Advanced Technology Materials, Inc.
|Liquid handling system with electronic information storage
|Jan 9, 2012
|Nov 13, 2012
|Powerchip Technology Corporation
|Tank-locking device, system for managing liquid supply and method using the same
|Apr 3, 2012
|Sep 30, 2014
|Advanced Technology Materials, Inc.
|Liquid handling system with electronic information storage
|Jul 10, 2007
|May 12, 2015
|Entegris, Inc.
|Systems and methods for managing material storage vessels having information storage elements
|Oct 10, 2011
|Dec 15, 2015
|Advanced Technology Materials, Inc.
|Nested blow molded liner and overpack and methods of making same
|Jan 31, 2013
|Jan 26, 2016
|Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc
|Method and apparatus for mixing and applying material
|Jul 9, 2010
|Dec 20, 2016
|Entegris, Inc.
|Substantially rigid collapsible liner and flexible gusseted or non-gusseted liners and methods of manufacturing the same and methods for limiting choke-off in liners
|Dec 3, 2014
|Feb 28, 2017
|Brewer Science Inc.
|Computer program and method for verifying container of material to be dispensed
|Sep 26, 2014
|Apr 11, 2017
|Entegris, Inc.
|Liquid handling system with electronic information storage
|Nov 24, 2015
|May 16, 2017
|Entegris, Inc.
|Nested blow molded liner and overpack and methods of making same
|Jan 30, 2008
|Jan 1, 2009
|Powerchip Semiconductor Corp.
|Tank-locking device, system for managing liquid supply and method using the same
|Jul 10, 2007
|Jan 7, 2010
|Advanced Technology Materials, Inc.
|Systems and methods for managing material storage vessels having information storage elements
|Feb 17, 2010
|Jun 17, 2010
|Advanced Technology Materials, Inc.
|Liquid handling system with electronic information storage
|Jan 9, 2012
|May 3, 2012
|Powerchip Technology Corporation
|Tank-locking device, system for managing liquid supply and method using the same
|Sep 26, 2014
|Jan 29, 2015
|Advanced Technology Materials, Inc.
|Liquid handling system with electronic information storage
|U.S. Classification
|700/231, 700/244, 73/866.5, 700/266, 700/281, 700/239, 700/265
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 14, 2004
Owner name: ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY MATERIALS, INC., CONNECTICUT
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:O'DOUGHERTY, KEVIN T.;ANDREWS, ROBERT E.;JAYARAMAN, TRIPUNITHURA V.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:014632/0722;SIGNING DATES FROM 20030116 TO 20031216
Owner name: ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY MATERIALS, INC.,CONNECTICUT
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:O'DOUGHERTY, KEVIN T.;ANDREWS, ROBERT E.;JAYARAMAN, TRIPUNITHURA V.;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20030116 TO 20031216;REEL/FRAME:014632/0722
|Oct 16, 2012
|Certificate of correction
|Sep 23, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|May 1, 2014
Owner name: GOLDMAN SACHS BANK USA, AS COLLATERAL AGENT, NEW Y
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ENTEGRIS, INC.;POCO GRAPHITE, INC.;ATMI, INC.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:032815/0852
Effective date: 20140430
|May 2, 2014
Owner name: GOLDMAN SACHS BANK USA, AS COLLATERAL AGENT, NEW Y
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ENTEGRIS, INC.;POCO GRAPHITE, INC.;ATMI, INC.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:032812/0192
Effective date: 20140430
|Feb 4, 2015
Owner name: ENTEGRIS, INC., MASSACHUSETTS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY MATERIALS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:034894/0025
Effective date: 20150204
|Sep 22, 2017
Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 8TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1552)
Year of fee payment: 8


text:
Anchor Bay Entertainment announced that they'll be bringing Sorority Party Massacre to DVD in February. We have the official release details and a look at the red band trailer.
"BEVERLY HILLS, CA – Beautiful sorority babes. An isolated island with nowhere to hide. A crazed killer targeting them one-by-one. Ah, the joys of higher learning... On February 11, 2014, Anchor Bay Entertainment unleashes Sorority Party Massacre, a master class in girls, gore, carnage and comedy. Guaranteed to tutor you in terror, Sorority Party Massacre will be available on DVD for an MSRP of $22.98.
An isolated town full of sexy college girls has a dangerous secret: one girl has gone missing each year for the last 20 years. A big-city cop, in danger of losing his badge, agrees to aid the town's sheriff in investigating these unsolved disappearances. Quickly they realize that they are dealing with a psychotic killer whose brilliance has been twisted into a taste for terror, torture and sorority sister torment. But when this party gets started, who will graduate – and who will be held back?
Directed by Chris W. Freeman and Justin Jones, and featuring a headline cast including Tom Downey (Mirror Image), Kevin Sorbo ("Hercules: The Legendary Journeys"), Ed O'Ross ("Six Feet Under"), Leslie Easterbrook (The Devil's Rejects), Richard Moll ("Cold Case"), adult film legend Ron Jeremy and new Scream Queens Marissa Skell, Eve Mauro and Yvette Yates, Sorority Party Massacre teaches old school terror exploitation. This party is comedy camp at its shocking, slashing, sexy best!"
Bonus features on the Sorority Party Massacre DVD include:

subset: commoncrawl


text:
S/O for all you child bikini haters
Would you let your dd be in a belly dancing show at school?
My dd was in first grade it was soo cute. She goes to a global studies charter school where they learn all about different cultures.
Add your quick reply below:
You must be a member to reply to this post.
Replies (1-10):
1 mom liked this
No I wouldn't let my first grader participate in belly dancing.
by Stacey on May. 11, 2013 at 5:59 PM
1 mom liked this
I honestly don't know. I doubt dh would allow it.
by Platinum Member on May. 11, 2013 at 6:00 PM
4 moms liked this
I think that is awesome!
Anything can be sexualized. There is more to life than sex.
by Platinum Member on May. 11, 2013 at 6:02 PM
4 moms liked this
I don't have an issue with belly dancing. It originally was intended for women to do for each other. They would get together and have fun with it, basically. It wasn't a dance intended sexually for men. Plus, it's great exercise. :)
by Bronze Member on May. 11, 2013 at 6:02 PM
1 mom liked this
by Katie on May. 11, 2013 at 6:02 PM
3 moms liked this
Quoting Anonymous:
Belly dancing? No, belly dancing is intended to be sexual and is not for children. And thank God no teacher/principal in my conservative town would think that that's a good idea.
Belly dancing is actually not meant to be sexual. It is the Middle Eastern equivalent of a folk dance.
4 moms liked this
No. There are ways to teach children about other cultures then to give them crop tops.
Add your quick reply below:
You must be a member to reply to this post.


text:
Extensive lists that rank most or all of the players on the free-agent market are all the rage, as is predicting where each player will go and for how much and how long. I love reading these pieces myself, but I have a hard time writing them. After the top 10-15 names or so, the rankings become very context-sensitive. What did the comps above him go for? Who's left below him? What teams have holes to fill? Where's the depth in the free-talent markets?
Similarly, and going back to what I wrote a week ago, I don't think you can make good predictions for the end homes and contracts of more than a few of these guys, other than to say that most of them are going to make more than you thought they would.
What I do like to do is go bargain-hunting, noting that it's a relative term here. As has been noted in my inbox and on message boards, I rarely like any free-agent signing at the top of the market, because you're almost always walking into the winner's curse. However, as you work your way down the list, you can find players who may be undervalued for one reason or another, players who have some chance to return more than what they'll sign for, or at least have a greater impact on their new team than is anticipated. Some are at or near the top of the rankings, others are buried deep, but I'll take this pool of players, collectively, over the free-agent field.
Bobby Abreu: His languorous approach and his decline from a star peak have fed the perception that Abreu is less valuable than he actually is. What I see is a player who has established a new level of performance below his personal peak, but still well above that of an MLB right fielder. He's retained much of his speed (nine triples, 47 steals the last two years) and his plate discipline, while losing range in right field and some power. I look at his last two years, basically .290/.370/.460, and wonder what that might look like in any other competitive context other than the AL East. You may remember that Manny Ramirez appreciated his move to the NL. Likely signable for a three-year commitment in the low eight figures per year, Abreu is the free-agent outfielder most likely to return good performances in each year of his new deal. If he should change leagues, he'll look like a star again.
Derek Lowe: One of the great lessons of the sabermetric era is that strikeout rate predicts longevity for pitchers, so you might look at Lowe, whose rate is right around the average for major league pitchers despite his context, and question his inclusion here. When signing a free agent though, risk avoidance has its place as well, and Lowe's durability and pitch efficiency make him a fairly safe bet for the four-year deal he'll command. Lowe has posted the best two Stuff scores-which factor in walk, strikeout, home-run rates, and context-of his career the last two seasons, and he never misses starts. He'll be 36 next June, but there are a lot of similarities between Lowe now and Greg Maddux when Maddux was at the same age, both statistically and stylistically. Maddux averaged 214 innings from age 36 through 39, and I'd bet that Lowe could do much the same.
Kerry Wood: I referenced Wood yesterday, and I like him enough to include him here. His injury history is by and large a product of his usage as an amateur and as a young professional; you're signing a 32-year-old with a career 3.16 RA, 5/1 K/BB and 125 strikeouts in 102
A couple of readers asked whether Wood's HBP rate-he hit seven batters last year, and dings one every 14 innings or so over his career-should be counted against him in his evaluation. It's a fair point, although HBP rates are jumpy enough that you don't want to overstate the case; Wood, after all, hit three batters in 110 innings from 2004-07, seemingly getting the problem under control. I would say, though, that if you called all his HBPs "walks," you'd have a pitcher with an 84/21 K/BB ratio in 66
Randy Johnson: Johnson's Stuff scores in his two-year return to the Diamondbacks: 48 and 27. He struck out 245 men and walked 48 (and nine intentionally) in 240
Juan Cruz: The Diamondbacks have a strong front office, but I'm not sure that even they're aware of what they might lose this winter: 230 innings of mid-3.00 ERA, K-per-inning baseball. Cruz has been used in every role but closer in his career, and the lack of wins or saves that he hits the market with (29 and one; four and zero last year) will likely keep his price down. However, his RA has dropped for three straight years and his strikeout rate has jumped in the last two, making him a prime candidate for a savvy team. One word of warning: like Rodriguez, Cruz's walk rate has been going in the wrong direction, up to 31 in 51
Mike Mussina: But for three disastrous starts in August of 2007, Mussina would be perceived much differently. The three outings, in which he allowed 25 hits and 20 runs in 9
Jason Giambi: Given the pathetic state of the designated hitter in the AL, there are very few teams that couldn't use Giambi's still-potent bat in the lineup. Stop asking him to play defense, don't worry that he runs like a pregnant Matt Stairs, and just take the .370 OBP and .520 SLG against right-handers. Given the type of hitter that he is, I'm not convinced he doesn't have better than that in him, maybe an Edgar Martinez-kind of late kick. He could be a huge bargain given how many teams will shy away from his obvious flaws; quite frankly, I'm not sure the Yankees shouldn't have picked up his one-year, $22 million option. You could eat some of that and have a pretty good trade chip.
John Smoltz: He's never been ineffective. Since his 12-start, 5.48-ERA debut in 1988, Smoltz's single-season-high ERA is 4.14. He's missed one full season and significant parts of others, but he has never, even last year, been a pitcher who hurts you on the mound. Like Johnson, he gives you the best choice: he's going to be good, or he's not going to be pitching. I would sign Smoltz to whatever kind of creative contract it took to get me an option on his services in 2010.
Cesar Izturis: Some of the reason the Cardinals surprised in 2008 was Izturis' defense, who rated a +21 in the Plus/Minus System in something less than full-time play. He was a great defender with the Dodgers and is one of the few players whose glove could carry a bat like his. As with Giambi, Izturis hits the market at a time when shortstops are in short supply, and an appreciation of what improved defense can mean to a pitching staff perhaps at a peak.
Russell Branyan: His brief appearance in Beertown was an underrated key to the Brewers' summer surge, and ignored completely when they picked up a different lefty bat not long after he arrived. A strained oblique effectively ended his season in July, but his skills-hitting the long ball, almost playing third base-should be attractive to the smarter front offices in MLB, the ones who don't get too hung up on strikeout rates. Like Izturis and Giambi, Branyan is a context-dependent free agent, useful to just a subset of teams, but exactly the right guy for that subset. Put Izturis on the Orioles or Indians, Giambi on the Mariners or Royals, Branyan on the Reds or Astros, and you have a high-value, relatively low-cost signing that addresses a real need.
Carl Pavano: This is a hunch play, based largely on the fact that the mistake with Pavano was his contract, and that the abject failure of his marriage to the Yankees may make him a bargain now. If healthy, he's probably a league-average starter with a little more upside than that, and he's essentially available for incentives. Throw Bartolo Colon into this category as well, coming off of a disappointing stop-and-start year for the Red Sox. One of these pitchers will probably have an effective '09; I'm just not terribly sure which one.


text:
As per media reports, the global retailer Wal-Mart Stores Inc. (WMT - Free Report) has called off its Indian joint venture with Bharti Enterprises amid legal issues. Last week Wal-Mart announced that the joint venture was 'not tenable' and it was reconsidering its future plans.
Accordingly, Wal-Mart will buy the 50% stake in the joint venture which to date operated approximately 20 outlets throughout the country. The giant grocer will now focus on wholesales operations. Henceforth, Bharti will run the stores independently under the Best Price Modern Wholesale brand.
Wal-Mart set foot in India in Sep 2012 when the country opened its doors to foreign direct investment (FDI) in the retail sector to untap the big and lucratic market of India with a huge population. Wal-Mart embarked on a project called 'Jai Ho,' a Hindi phrase meaning 'let there be victory.' It also planned to open 22 outlets in the growing Indian market with a prosperous and burgeoning middle class.
However, things were not very rosy for the giant retailer. Although the Indian government allowed foreign retailers to own a 51% stake in the country, it made it mandatory for the foreign retailers to buy at least 30% of their goods from small-scale and medium-sized local enterprises that had a capex value of less than $2 million.
The international players, including Wal-Mart, were not satisfied with this arrangement. Moreover, Wal-Mart had to suspend its chief executive officer of the Indian joint venture amid lobbying and bribing charges in India.
These hurdles proved to be unfavorable for the company in carrying out business in India and fulfilling its store opening target in 2012.
Wal-Mart currently carries a Zacks Rank #4 (Sell). Other retail-wholesale stocks worth considering are Safeway Inc. , Spartan Stores Inc. (SPTN - Free Report) and Whole Foods Market . All these stocks carry a Zacks Rank #2 (Buy).
In-Depth Zacks Research for the Tickers Above
Normally $25 each - click below to receive one report FREE:
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (WMT) - free report >>


text: The model of my phone is SGH-T999. It is not rooted (I'm going to root it soon though), its running Android 4.3 and I do admit I've dropped it a few times but it has a cover. It shuts off at the most random moment and restarts itself, and sometimes it won't go past the Galaxy SIII logo before restarting itself once more. Theres a possibility the lock button has something to do because when it stays in that startup loop I play around with the lock button till it finally finishes the startup succesfully, but I don't know how the lock button can make it shut down on its own while its turned on without me touching the "power off" option in the window that comes up.


text:
Camera-Shy Roosevelt
On p. 62, column 2, of your last issue [TIME, April 16 ], I notice you carefully refrain from any condemnation of the act of the Junior Roosevelt. ... An assault by any other name is still an assault as anyone with a less prominent name would have found. Is the entire Roosevelt family sacrosanct?
The early account of this affair which I read in the Philadelphia papers called attention to disparity of size & weight of the assaultee & assaulted. Had this photographer been a burly six-footer would he have...
To continue reading: or Log-In


text:
courtesy of metro police
Thursday, Feb. 20, 2014 | 5:40 p.m.
Man run over
Traffic detectives are asking for help identifying a motorist who ran over an elderly man's legs in an apparent fit of road rage earlier this month.
Metro Police are treating the Feb. 6 attack as an attempted murder.
The victim, whose age was not provided, told police that he was pulling up to a gas station in the 6100 block of West Flamingo Road when a dark gray Honda Accord swiftly pulled up in front of him, forcing the elderly man to swerve around the Accord to avoid a crash.
The victim said he then walked from the gas pumps toward the store, and the Accord sped toward him and stopped abruptly just short of the victim. The Accord then continued forward, hitting the elderly man with the driver's side bumper.
Other stories that might interest you
The victim fell to the ground and was run over by the Accord. He was seriously injured.
The Accord was last seen driving out of the parking lot westbound on Flamingo Road. It is believed to be a 2010 or 2011 model with tint on the rear windows only. The car has a California license plate that begins with "6C."
The driver was described as a white man in his 30s with a medium build. He was wearing a gray hoodie.
Tipsters are urged to call Metro's violent crimes section at (702) 828-5634. To leave an anonymous tip, call Crime Stoppers at (702) 385-5555 or visit crimestoppersofnv.com.


text:
Tue, 11/03/2015
Nature causes drought but water shortages are manmade. John Stossel interviews water economist and PERC alum Zack Donohew.
By Zacahry Donohew
Lea-Rachel Kosnik, Roger Meiners
"Restoring Harmony in the Klamath Basin" explains how this conflict developed and offers a solution—markets in water. Written by Roger Meiners and Lea-Rachel Kosnik, this paper persuasively argues that clarification of property rights to water is fundamental to ending the crisis.
Andrew Morriss, Bruce Yandle, Lea-Rachel Kosnik
This paper discusses a new form of regulation. Rather than issuing rules, some government agencies, including the Environmental Protection Agency, have started to file lawsuits.


text:
About This Activity
Come enjoy Stellar Nites; a weekly Wednesday night 5K Trail run- with camaraderie, entertainment, food, beautiful sunsets and spectacular views, all at Eling's Park - America's largest privately funded park. Perfect for fitness enthusiasts, weekend warriors, families, and kids! Thank you for registering.
Event schedule and times
Every Wednesday, Sep. 4th- Oct 30th @ 6:30 pm
Registration opens at 5:30 closes at 6:20...race starts promptly at 6:30.
Organizer Info


text:
|N·mero de publicaci¾n
|Tipo de publicaci¾n
|N·mero de solicitud
|Fecha de publicaci¾n
|18 Abr 1989
|Fecha de presentaci¾n
|10 Sep 1987
|Fecha de prioridad
|10 Sep 1987
|N·mero de publicaci¾n
|Herbert L. Berman
|Cesionario original
|Sensor Control, Inc.
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (15), Citada por (19), Clasificaciones (15), Eventos legales (4)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesi¾n de USPTO, Espacenet
This invention is directed to the field of semiconductor wafer processing and more particularly to an improved method for temperature measurement of a wafer during processing of the wafer.
During processing of a wafer to form semiconductor devices, accurate temperature control and monitoring of the wafer is critical to an effective process. Variations in the temperature can affect the dimensions of the devices, and therefore, the reproducibility of the process.
To date, the common technique for measuring wafer temperatures is the use of a thermocouple. In using a thermocouple, it is put directly on the silicon wafer or on a monitor chip that sits near the silicon wafer. However, a thermocouple has a finite thermal mass. Therefore, it will modify the temperature of the water. Using the thermocouple on a monitor wafer is also relatively inaccurate, since it is at a distance from the wafer being processed, it cannot truly represent the temperature distribution on the wafer being processed. Further, the wafer being processed is not subject to the disturbing effects of the thermocouple and therefore, the temperature distribution on the wafer being processed and the monitor wafer are not truly identical. Further, use of the thermocouple has a high probability of introducing contamination on the surface of the wafer, because thermocouples are metallic elements.
The more common technique today is used of a pyrometer, a non-contact temperature measurement technique. However, the classic use of pyrometry is extremely sensitive to surface optical properties, and therefore a wafer that has not been processed will have different emission characteristics than a wafer whose surface has been processed. Therefore, the difficulty with this process as presently practiced lies in the changing optical properties of the wafer as the layers are added to the surface of the silicon wafer.
Therefore, it is an object of this invention to provide a non-invasive method for accurate temperature measurement of a wafer under process.
It is a further objective of this invention to provide a more accurate method of constantly monitoring the temperature of a wafer being processed.
More particularly, it is an objective herein to provide a measure of wafer temperature based on measurements of reflectance and transmittance of the wafer, with emittance of the wafer being calculated to provide a measure of wafer temperature in real time during the processing of the wafer.
It is a further objective herein to provide a wafer temperature measurement system that may be directly incorporated into existing processing systems without major structural modifications of the system.
In summary, this invention uses an infrared heat source directed through a chopper or modulator and beam splitter to the surface of the wafer. A pair of radiometers are provided, one located behind the back surface of the wafer to measure transmittance, the other adjacent to the beam splitter to measure wafer reflectance. The wafer temperature may then be calculated using an experimentally determined relationship between wafer radiance ww and wafer temperature, with wafer radiance being provided by the relationship ##EQU2## where rBS is the reflectance of the beam splitter, WW is the blackbody radiance of the wafer, Wa is the blackbody radiance equivalent to ambient temperature, and eW is the wafer emittance.
In a preferred alternative embodiment, rather than locate a radiometer behind the wafer to measure wafer transmittance, a mirror may be located behind the wafer to reflect the transmitted energy back through the wafer on a periodic basis for a short part of each duty cycle. A single radiometer can then measure both the reflected and transmitted energy.
The features and advantages of this invention will be better understood by the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment which is given with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 shows the configuration of the wafer infrared source and radiometers for an embodiment using a radiometer behind the wafer and adjacent to the wafer; and
FIG. 2 shows illustrates an alternative embodiment using a single radiometer and a mirror located behind the wafer to measure transmittance.
When a heated wafer is measured using an infrared thermometer, the temperature accuracy depends primarily on the knowledge of wafer emittance. An infrared source 4 is located outside the wafer processing reactor (not shown), providing radiant heating to wafer 5 through a window. A chopper 6 interrupts the radiant emissions 7 at regular intervals, preferably operating at a 50% duty cycle. The emissions reach the wafer through a beam splitter 8. Reflected energy from the wafer 9 reflects off the beam splitter to radiometer 1. Transmittance tw is measured by radiant energy 10 reaching radiometer 2. Although wafer emittance cannot be measured directly during the deposition process, it can be determined indirectly from the following relationships:
r.sub.w +a.sub.w +t.sub.w =1 (1-1)
a.sub.w =e.sub.w (1-2)
so that
r.sub.w +e.sub.w +t.sub.w =1, (1-3)
where rw, aw, ew, tw are the wafer reflectance, absorptance, emittance, and transmittance, respectively.
The present method is based on measurements of reflectance and transmittance with emittance calculated from Eq. (1-3). The measurements are made during the deposition process and wafer temperature is determined "on-line" by a dedicated computer using the relationships derived in the following sections.
FIG. 1 shows the configuration of the wafer, infrared source, and radiometers. Radiometer 1 is used to measure wafer reflectance; radiometer 2 measures transmittance; and radiometer 3 is part of the source control loop.
When the source is blocked, the signal from radiometer 1 is given by
S.sub.1 '=e.sub.w r.sub.BS (W.sub.w -W.sub.a)+W.sub.a, (1-4)
where rBS is the reflectance of the beam splitter; Ww is the blackbody radiance of the wafer; and Wa is the blackbody radiance equivalent to ambient temperature.
Solving Eq. (1-4) for wafer radiance, ##EQU3##
Using a look-up table for Ww vs. temperature, the wafer temperature, Tw, is determined from the measured quantities in Eq. (1-5).
When the source is open, the signal from radiometer 1 is
S.sub.1 =t.sub.BS r.sub.w r.sub.BS (W.sub.s -W.sub.a)+e.sub.w r.sub.BS (W.sub.w -W.sub.a)-W.sub.a, (2-1)
where tBS is the transmittance of the beam splitter; Ws is the radiance of the source.
With the source blocked, the signal is
S.sub.1 '=e.sub.w r.sub.BS (W.sub.w -W.sub.a)+W.sub.a,
the signal difference is
S.sub.1 =S.sub.1 '=t.sub.BS r.sub.w r.sub.BS (W.sub.s -W.sub.a) (2-2)
To calibrate the system for reflectance, the wafer is replaced by a highly reflective mirror and the signal is
S.sub.1c =t.sub.BS r.sub.m r.sub.BS (W.sub.s -W.sub.a)+w.sub.a (2-3)
where rm is the mirror reflectance.
With the source blocked,
S.sub.1c '=W.sub.a,
so that
S.sub.1c -S.sub.1c '=t.sub.BS r.sub.m r.sub.BS (W.sub.s -W.sub.a) (2-4)
The wafer reflectance is determined from ##EQU4##
When the source is open, the signal from radiometer 2 is
S.sub.2 =t.sub.BS t.sub.w (W.sub.s -W.sub.a)+e.sub.w (W.sub.w -W.sub.a) (3-1)
and with the source blocked,
S.sub.2 '=e.sub.w (W.sub.w -W.sub.a) (3-2)
The signal difference is
S.sub.2 -S.sub.2 '=t.sub.BS t.sub.w (W.sub.s -W.sub.a) (3-3)
To calibrate the system for wafer transmittance, the wafer is removed and the signal from radiometer 2 is
S.sub.2c =t.sub.BS (W.sub.s -W.sub.a) (3-4)
Transmittance is determined from ##EQU5##
Referring to Eq. (1-5), the blackbody radiance of the water is ##EQU6##
The emittance ew is determined from ##EQU7##
The reflectances of the beam splitter (rBS) and the mirror (rm) are measured independently. The ambient radiance (Wa) is measured by intermittently blocking radiometer 1.
The above values are calculated in an appropriately programmed computer 11;
Wafer temperature is determined using a look-up table of calibrated values of Ww as a function of blackbody temperature.
The alternative embodiment of FIG. 2 is substantially similar to the embodiment of FIG. 1, with the exception that no radiometer is provided behind the wafer. Rather, a mirror 20 is provided behond the wafer together with control means 22 for moving the mirror 20 from a position behind the wafer where the transmitted energy can be reflected back toward the beam splitter, and then out from behind the wafer. By providing this movement controller, the effects of using a mirror on the actual operating temperature of the wafer are minimized. Further, the elimination of the radiometer behind the wafer eliminates the need for a special window in the processing reactor behind the surface of the wafer.
Rather, a quartz window which is cooled can now be used between the lamp source and the surface of the wafer. By providing a shutter 16 operating with a 1-second 50% duty cycle and interposing the mirror only a fraction of the duty cycle (perhaps 0.2 seconds), the effect of the presence of the mirror 20 on the wafer 5 is minimized, but the transmittance is still accurately measured. A theoretical derivation of the measurement of rw and tw (wafer reflectance and transmittance) follows below, with the symbols used in the equations being the same as those used in the set of equations used to describe the embodiment of FIG. 1, except in the situation where a specific alternative definition is given.
Shutter open, no mirror:
S.sub.1 =e.sub.wf (W.sub.w -W.sub.a)r.sub.BS +e.sub.s (W.sub.s -W.sub.a)r.sub.wf t.sub.BS r.sub.BS +W.sub.a
Shutter closed, no mirror:
S.sub.1 '=e.sub.wf (W.sub.w -W.sub.a)r.sub.BS +W.sub.a
Shutter open, mirror:
S.sub.1 "=e.sub.wf (W.sub.w -W.sub.a)r.sub.BS +e.sub.s (w.sub.s -W.sub.a)r.sub.wf t.sub.BS r.sub.BS +
e.sub.wb (W.sub.w -W.sub.a)r.sub.m t.sub.w r.sub.BS +e.sub.s (W.sub.s -W.sub.a)t.sub.BS t.sub.w r.sub.m t.sub.w r.sub.BS +W.sub.a
Shutter closed, mirror:
S.sub.1 '"=e.sub.wf (W.sub.w -W.sub.a)r.sub.BS +e.sub.wb (W.sub.w -W.sub.a)r.sub.m t.sub.w r.sub.BS +W.sub.a
S.sub.1 "-S.sub.1 '"=e.sub.s (W.sub.s -W.sub.a)r.sub.wf t.sub.BS r.sub.BS +e.sub.s (W.sub.s -W.sub.a)t.sub.BS t.sub.w.sup.2 r.sub.m r.sub.BS
S.sub.1 -S.sub.1 '=e.sub.s (W.sub.s -W.sub.a)r.sub.wf t.sub.BS r.sub.BS
Δ=(S.sub.1 "-S.sub.1'")-(S.sub.1 -S.sub.1 ')=e.sub.s (W.sub.s -W.sub.a)t.sub.BS t.sub.s.sup.2 r.sub.m r.sub.BS
S.sub.1c =e.sub.w (W.sub.s -W.sub.a)r.sub.m t.sub.BS r.sub.BS +W.sub.a
Δ/[S.sub.1c -W.sub.a ]=t.sub.w.sup.2
t.sub.w =[Δ/(S.sub.1c -w.sub.a)].sup.1/2
r.sub.w =r.sub.m (s.sub.1 -s.sub.1 ')/s.sub.1c
Alternative embodiments to this invention may become apparent to a person of skill in the art who studies this invention disclosure. Therefore, the scope of this invention is to be limited only by the following claims.
|Patente citada
|Fecha de presentaci¾n
|Fecha de publicaci¾n
|10 Jul 1961
|9 Ago 1966
|Kollmorgen Corp
|Automatic brightness pyrometers
|22 Oct 1970
|27 Mar 1973
|Philips Corp
|Apparatus for remotely displaying temperature differences of an object
|27 Jun 1972
|16 Oct 1973
|Us Air Force
|Calibration technique and apparatus
|19 Jul 1973
|4 Nov 1975
|Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
|Apparatus for measuring surface temperatures by infrared radiation therefrom
|6 Sep 1973
|6 Ene 1976
|Republic Of France
|Interferometric device for measurement of variations in length of a sample under the influence of temperature
|8 Jul 1977
|27 Feb 1979
|Vdo Adolf Schindling Ag
|Optical warning indicator means on bimetal measuring element
|2 Dic 1977
|24 Abr 1979
|Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd.
|Electronic digital thermometer
|2 Oct 1978
|11 Nov 1980
|Norman C. Anderson
|Thermometer for remotely measuring temperature
|31 Ene 1979
|6 Ene 1981
|Double-beam optical method and apparatus for measuring thermal diffusivity and other molecular dynamic processes in utilizing the transient thermal lens effect
|25 Feb 1981
|21 Dic 1982
|Sumitomo Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Gaisha
|Temperature pattern measuring device
|23 Jun 1982
|12 Feb 1985
|Universite Paris X - Paris
|Processes for the remote measurement of the emissivity and/or the true temperature of a body with relatively smooth surface
|26 Ago 1981
|10 Dic 1985
|Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung, Heidenheim/Brenz
|Method and device for structural, superficial and deep analysis of a body
|13 Feb 1984
|28 Ene 1986
|Infra-red radiation temperature measurement of a moving wire
|14 Nov 1985
|19 May 1987
|United Technologies Corporation
|Dual spectra optical pyrometer having an air pressure sensitive shutter
|21 May 1984
|14 Jul 1987
|Therma-Wave, Inc.
|Evaluating both thickness and compositional variables in a thin film sample
|Patente citante
|Fecha de presentaci¾n
|Fecha de publicaci¾n
|13 Abr 1989
|13 Nov 1990
|Peak Systems, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for compensating for errors in temperature measurement of semiconductor wafers during rapid thermal processing
|8 Feb 1989
|18 Dic 1990
|Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha
|17 Abr 1990
|15 Ene 1991
|Peak Systems, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for compensating for errors in temperature measurement of semiconductor wafers during rapid thermal processing
|24 Abr 1989
|2 Jul 1991
|Tektronix, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for active pyrometry
|17 May 1991
|20 Oct 1992
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Multi-point pyrometry with real-time surface emissivity compensation
|5 Oct 1990
|4 May 1993
|Varian Associates, Inc.
|Method of and apparatus for non-contact temperature measurement
|20 May 1991
|22 Jun 1993
|Peak Systems, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for temperature measurement using thermal expansion
|27 Dic 1991
|13 Jul 1993
|Small Power Communication Systems Research Laboratories Co., Ltd.
|Tungsten chemical vapor deposition method
|10 Jul 1992
|19 Oct 1993
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Multi-point pyrometry with real-time surface emissivity compensation
|15 Abr 1992
|4 Oct 1994
|Materials Research Corporation
|Pyrometer temperature measurement of plural wafers stacked on a processing chamber
|1 Feb 1993
|22 Nov 1994
|The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy
|Crystal face temperature determination means
|12 Ene 1994
|23 Jun 1998
|Luxtron Corporation
|Non-contact optical techniques for measuring surface conditions
|28 Ago 1997
|10 Oct 2000
|Applied Materials, Inc.
|Deposition rate control on wafers with varying characteristics
|15 Feb 2010
|14 May 2013
|The Boeing Company
|System and method for determining the blackbody temperature of an electrical discharge
|3 May 2013
|12 May 2015
|The Boeing Company
|System and method for determining the blackbody temperature of an electrical discharge
|22 Nov 1990
|29 May 1991
|Research Corporation Technologies, Inc.
|Silicon wafer temperature measurement by optical transmission monitoring
|22 Nov 1990
|21 Ago 1991
|Research Corporation Technologies, Inc
|Silicon wafer temperature measurement by optical transmission monitoring
|27 Dic 1991
|30 Jun 1993
|Small Power Communication Systems Research Laboratories Co., Ltd.
|Tungsten chemical vapor deposition method
|26 Ago 1998
|4 Mar 1999
|Applied Materials, Inc.
|Deposition rate control on wafers with varying characteristics
|Clasificaci¾n de EE.UU.
|702/102, 374/45, 250/338.1, 374/124, 356/435, 356/43
|Clasificaci¾n internacional
|Clasificaci¾n cooperativa
|Clasificaci¾n europea
|10 Sep 1987
Owner name: SENSOR CONTROL, INC., SUNNYVALE, CA. A CORP. OF CA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:BERMAN, HERBERT L.;REEL/FRAME:004792/0762
Effective date: 19870910
Owner name: SENSOR CONTROL, INC., SUNNYVALE, CA. A CORP. OF,CA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BERMAN, HERBERT L.;REEL/FRAME:004792/0762
Effective date: 19870910
|17 Nov 1992
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|18 Abr 1993
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|6 Jul 1993
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19930418


text:
On Feb 19, 2014, shares of Alliance Data Systems Corporation (ADS - Free Report) touched a new 52-week high of $285.53. The momentum was driven by solid fourth quarter and full-year 2013 earnings results. The 1-year return from the stock came in at 80.6%, way ahead of the S&P's return of 20.3%.
The fourth-quarter earnings figure at Alliance Data clocked a positive surprise of 2.8% and improved 30% year over year. Strong performances across all its segments aided the outperformance.
The dotz coalition loyalty program in Brazil, where the company has a 37% stake, continued its national rollout. Alliance Data also expanded its dotz loyalty program to two new Brazilian markets – Joao Pessao and Soracaba, taking the tally to 9 as of date.
The Zacks Consensus Estimate for 2014 and 2015 moved up riding on the strength of solid earnings results. While it increased 0.3% to $11.64 for 2014 over the last 30 days, it moved up 1.1% to $11.37 for 2015. The estimates translate into a year-over-year improvement of 23.3% and 14.8% respectively.
With respect to returning value to shareholders, in 2013, the company spent $231 million of its $400 million board authorization to repurchase 1.4 million shares. In addition, the board of directors approved a new $400 million share buyback program. Alliance Data's continued share repurchase activity reflects its strong financial position, which in turn, is sustained by solid operational performance at the company.
Continued focus on strategic acquisitions to grow inorganically, the national rollout of its dotz coalition loyalty program in Brazil, and inking of long-term deals are expected to drive solid numbers ahead at Alliance Data.
Alliance Data raised its 2014 revenue expectation to $5.14 billion from $4.64 billion guided earlier. This translates into a year-over-year increase of 19% (8% organic growth). Core EPS expectation has also moved north to $12.20 from $12.00 (up 22% year over year). The overall long-term earnings growth rate for this stock is projected at 13.8%.
Alliance Data presently carries a Zacks Rank #3 (Hold). Some better-ranked financial transaction service providers worth considering include Envestnet, Inc. (ENV - Free Report) , Global Payments Inc. (GPN - Free Report) and VeriFone Systems, Inc. (PAY - Free Report) . All these stocks carry a Zacks Rank #2 (Buy).
In-Depth Zacks Research for the Tickers Above
Normally $25 each - click below to receive one report FREE:
Verifone Systems, Inc. (PAY) - free report >>
Alliance Data Systems Corporation (ADS) - free report >>
Global Payments Inc. (GPN) - free report >>


text:
When I read this, I squealed out of pure excitement for my sweet friend. I've known Heather for more than 12 years and I can promise you there is no one out there like her. She is beautiful, smart, loud and vivacious. And after spending the day with her and Thomas, it's safe to say that he is her perfect match.
I am so incredibly thrilled for these two. It was hard to narrow down a few favorites for the blog post but I tried!
How stinking adorable is Mr Freddy in his bow tie?!? Love this guy!
The evening light was to die for.
The "almost" kiss, it's definitely my favorite.
These two made my job easy. They are so incredibly natural with each other.
I had so many favorites from their session but I think this might be my absolute favorite.
Thomas rocking the striped socks.
How good looking are these two?! Heather is wearing the dress she wore when Thomas proposed to her.
I lied, this is my favorite. Yep, definitely this one.


text:
Beginning where he left off in Vol.1, Doc takes
us from the Closing Ceremony of the 2000
Olympic Games of Sydney, Australia all the way
through the Closing Ceremony of the 2012
Olympic Games of London, England. At the end
Doc makes some startling predictions as to what
he expects will occur during the 2016 Olympic
Games of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.
The worship of the "serpent god (Satan),
Illuminati symbols, occult stories and myths,
ancient pagan rituals, the revival of the
ancient gods and so much more will be unveiled
as you go through "Illuminati gods at the
Olympics Games, Vol.2".
2 DVD set, nearly 4 hours long.


text:
AAA Program
* Prices exclusive to AAA members only
* FREE GIFT w/purchase from AAA
The Auto Buying Program is a no-cost service offered exclusively to AAA New York members. The Program is not a broker service - we do not purchase vehicles on members' behalf. Instead, we refer you to a participating dealer near you that has agreed to participate in our low, "one-price" Auto Buying Program for new vehicles, and special members-only incentives on pre-owned vehicles.
Members-only prices and special purchase incentives
Participating dealers must adhere to strict program requirements to participate in this program. Our dealers have been selected for their outstanding customer service reputation (CSI), their wide selection of vehicles, and their agreement to provide low, members-only pricing in a friendly, no-hassle, no-haggle way on new vehicles, and special purchase incentives on a wide selection of pre-owned vehicles.
New vehicle no-haggle, no-hassle buying experience
Participating dealers use the "one low price" method to sell new vehicles to members. That means no haggling, no bargaining, and no sales gimmicks or pressure tactics. Our participating dealers offer you the lowest possible price--up front and in writing, without negotiating. You can be sure you're getting the lowest price by requesting to see the dealer's AAA New York confidential member pricing agreement along with the factory bill at the time of your vehicle purchase. This way you can be sure that you are getting the best possible price, without gimmicks or extra charges.
Pre-Owned vehicle purchase incentives
Participating dealers have agreed to members-only purchase incentives on the purchase of a pre-owned vehicle from their vast inventory and wide selection of pre-owned and certified pre-owned vehicles. Call us for the latest update on these members-only incentives.
Instant online research and auto buying resources
We want to help you find the vehicle that best suits your needs. Use our online research tools to help you decide which vehicle to purchase and which options to choose for your vehicle--including pricing information. Or call our member service center at 888-247-4029 for personalized help in selecting a vehicle.
Pre-owned vehicle search
AAA New York members can access thousands of pre-owned vehicles in real-time from our dealers inventories. Each vehicle listed will display pictures of the actual vehicle along with options and equipment for each. Members can also access vehicle pricing, MPG data and NHTSA crash test data all in one place. Vehicle inventory is updated every day to bring you the most current and comprehensive list of vehicles from dealers in your area. Please observe our advanced search options, which allow you to find the exact vehicle to fit your needs and budget. "The Right Car at the Right Price."
Fast, friendly AAA New York member service
Our dealer program representatives are trained to focus on your needs, and help you purchase or lease the right car for you--when you're ready. You'll never feel pressured to make a decision, and there is never any obligation to purchase from a particular dealer. Member testimonials show time and again that AAA New York members get the best deals and the best service through our Auto Buying Program.


text:
U.S. intelligence is a joke
To the Editor:
Yes, the U.S. intelligence record is a joke. "Private" Manning while in Iraq could secure all the classified data he wanted and transmit it outside the military. Edward Snowden, a contract employee for the NSA, could leave work one day with the most embarrassing top secret information ever taken from a government agency. Intelligence agencies spending about $75 billion U.S. dollars a year spying on everyone except their own employees is the height of incompetency.
We have Senators like California's Feinstein, who sat on the Senate Intelligence Committee prior to 9/11, looked at the reports of intended air hijacking by terrorists, went out to eat her lunch afterwards, and like the rest of the committee did nothing to alert the airlines; and now she wants to allow the NSA to snoop into our privacy without limits.
Dennis Schneider
Angels Camp


text:
Shire Submits European Marketing Authorization Application (MAA) for velaglucerase alfa for the Treatment of Type 1 Gaucher Disease
Shire plc has submitted a MAA to the European Medicines Agency for velaglucerase alfa, the company's enzyme replacement therapy in development for the treatment of Type 1 Gaucher disease. This is the third marketing application for velaglucerase alfa that has been submitted, with previous submissions in the United States and Canada. Based on a global supply shortage of the currently approved and marketed treatment for patients with Gaucher disease, and positive results from all three velaglucerase alfa Phase III trials, CHMP has accepted the company's request for an accelerated assessment of the velaglucerase alfa MAA. The MAA review is expected to begin in the December cycle. Under accelerated assessment, the review timeline of the MAA is shortened from 210 days to 150 days.


text:
Rewards Cards: What's Next
Are the glory days of reward cards coming to an end?
After a year that included some of the most lucrative promotional credit-card offers in memory, continued pressure on card companies and their fees is calling into question the future of generous rewards.
The latest salvo came two weeks ago, when Visa and MasterCard agreed to settle a raft of lawsuits from retailers, who contend that the payment networks conspired to fix so-called swipe fees—the transaction costs that merchants must pay on every credit-card purchase.
While the settlement calls for about $6.6 billion to be paid to merchants and for swipe fees to be temporarily trimmed, Visa and MasterCard also agreed to allow retailers to hit card-paying consumers with surcharges to compensate for their transaction fees.
Swipe fees typically range from about 1% to 3% of the transaction, depending on the retailer and the card used. Rewards-card fees often are on the high end of the range. That has led to concerns that retailers will charge customers more for using rewards cards, or that issuers will trim miles and points.
But you shouldn't panic. Here are four reasons why rewards programs are likely to hang around—and what the settlement really means for cardholders:
Surcharging might be rare.
Terms of the settlement, which must be approved by a federal court and are subject to some contingencies, require any surcharges to be disclosed at the cash register and to be capped at the merchant's cost. Charges also can't exceed 4% of the transaction cost.
Even when allowed, surcharges are unpopular with consumers and difficult to impose. In 2003, the Australian government capped Visa and MasterCard swipe fees and allowed surcharging.
According to a Reserve Bank of Australia report last year, just under 30% of merchants imposed a surcharge on at least one credit card at the end of 2010, up from about 8% in 2007. But consumers paid surcharges on only about 5% of credit-card transactions, the same as in 2007, preferring to use a debit card or go somewhere else rather than pay extra to use a credit card.
Surcharging isn't allowed everywhere.
Ten states prohibit surcharges, including New York, California and Texas, as well as Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts and Oklahoma.
"Hopefully, what will happen is that other states will move to ban surcharges," says Todd Zywicki, a law professor at George Mason University who has studied swipe fees.
The settlement doesn't permanently reduce swipe fees.
Last year, federal regulators reduced the swipe fees banks could charge on debit cards, and that pretty much put an end to debit-card rewards programs. But that isn't what is happening here.
The agreement doesn't actually reduce the charges—or stop fee increases. In fact, Wal-Mart Stores , Target and the National Association of Convenience Stores are opposing the agreement, saying it doesn't go far enough to address their costs.
It is possible, however, that the threat of surcharging will help merchants negotiate lower fees, says Madeline Aufseeser, a senior analyst at Aite Group, a financial-services research firm.
Credit-card companies still need you to swipe.
In the U.S., active rewards-card users put $40,000 to a couple of million dollars a year on their cards and won't pay more than about one cent to acquire each point, says Randy Petersen, editor of InsideFlyer, a publication for frequent fliers. When they cash in their points, he says, they hope to receive about two to three cents in value for each one.
Since their transactions tend to be big ones, neither card issuers nor merchants want to alienate those customers—especially since many don't carry a balance. In fact, we are so addicted to points and miles that close to two-thirds of all credit-card offers include some type of reward, a number that has been steady for about three years, says Brian Riley, senior research director at CEB TowerGroup, a financial-services research firm.
Still, if you play the rewards game, there are steps you can take. If you see a great offer this year, go ahead and take it, since it isn't clear what next year will bring.
Watch out for other revenue-raising tactics, such as adding or increasing annual fees, raising other card fees or boosting interest rates. And pay attention to card notices, since program terms can change at any time.
Even if rewards get more expensive, they can still be worthwhile. Australia's Qantas Airways generated about $1.4 billion last year from its network of rewards cards, according to a new report from IdeaWorksCompany, which tracks airline ancillary revenue.
Qantas brought in more ancillary revenue per passenger than any other airline surveyed, thanks to its frequent-flier revenue, indicating that its travel credit cards are still valuable to consumers there.
Write to Karen Blumenthal at email@example.com


text:
You can test it by typing this command in cmd
adb reboot bootloader
adb reboot bootloader
@reemobeens19 Does your Defy XT have fastboot mode? I'm going to help you to port CWM.
You can test it by typing this command in cmd
adb reboot bootloader
i do not have fast boot mode. got normal boot using the commands supplied
pwr+vol up gives me:
MBM Flash-mode.
Tinboost+ EVDO TRACFONE
version: 01.08
Bootloader USB Init SECURE BOOT ENABLED
bootloader right, not fastboot?
how can i obtain a full system back up including recovery and boot loader?
i would like to do this from the command as im using ubuntu for most of my work.
once i have the back up how then do i restore it back to the device in case of failure?
once again thank you very much for the well needed assistance
I just bought a xt555c from straight talk and tried both the Asian and English programs posted on this thread but neither of them worked for me. At the risk of sounding dumb did I miss something. I turned on the phone, enabled USB debugging and clicked the green button. It recognized my device as an xt555c, said rooting. Then my phone rebooted and the program said try again... Can anyone tell me where I went wrong? Thanks in advance.
|2.3.7, 67d, defy, motorola, xt555c
|Thread Tools
|Search this Thread
|Display Modes
Linear Mode


text:
Corker: It's now about spending caps
Sen. Bob Corker said Sunday the standoff in Washington was now about spending levels — not Obamacare — and knocked Democrats for trying to break the spending caps put in place in 2011 under the Budget Control Act.
And he said there had been no progress toward a deal this weekend, which saw the collapse of talks between House Republicans and the White House. "The last 24 hours have not been good," Corker said on "Fox News Sunday."
The Tennessee Republican dinged his own party for what he characterized as an "overreach" in trying to defund Obamacare as part of any deal to fund the government, saying that was "not something that was achievable."
(VIDEO: Sunday Shows in 90 seconds)
But he said Democrats were now overreaching by seeking an agreement to increase government spending above the levels mandated under sequestration.
"What we need to do is get this back to the middle of the road, act like adults," Corker said. "Nothing is going to happen, I don't think, if it's about breaking those spending caps."
But he said he has confidence there will be some kind of agreement before Thursday, when the Treasury Department has warned the government will exhaust its borrowing authority.
"I do think we will rise to the occasion and deal with this issue," he said.


text:
Presenter: Deirdre Weatherston, MS ED, BCBA, LBA & Maria Josefina Soriano, MS ED, BCBA, LBA
This hands-on workshop covers key ABA teaching procedures including different types of controlling
prompts and systematic instruction to increase a child's skills independently. Presenters will demonstrate
and role-play different teaching procedures
** Please be advised if less than 10 attendees register we reserve the right to cancel with 48 hour notice.
In case of this occurrence, full refunds will be issued. Otherwise all other refunds will be issued in full only
if they are received 14 days prior to the workshop.
*If you are providing services with Achieve Beyond, contact Provider Relations in case a promo code is
available for this workshop.


text:
VOLUJAK is a huge mountain massif placed on the border between the NW part of Montenegro and neighbour Republik of Srpska as a part of Bosnia and Hercegovina. Volujak range starts from Sutjeska canyon creating a left ridge coast of Soha canyon. As a unique massif long about 10 km, Volujak stretches in NW-SE direction touching with Vlasulja massif. Volujak range with its peaks represent surrounding area of Trnovaèko Jezero lake. Together with BIOC, MAGLIC, TRNOVACKI DURMITOR and VLASULJA, VOLUJAK create a beautiful mountain range, one of the most beautiful in Montenegro. That is area of untouchable devine nature, the place where the car cannot reach the Trnovacko Jezero lake. That area visit just a real lovers of nature's beauty. Exist one place which connected the mountain ranges of Bioc, Maglic and Volujak. That is Urdeni Dolovi vasty plateau and valley.
Some mountain writers wrote that the highest peak of Volujak range is Vlasulja (2337 m) summit, but the greatest knower and devoter of Montenegro's mountains, famous mountain writer Mr Božidar Cerovic wrote that the highest peak of Volujak is Studenac (2294 m) summit. Cerovic say that exist two names of Volujak. First name Volujak (2337 m) is the name for the highest peak of Volujak's neigbour mountain range called Vlasulja, while the second name Volujak represent Volujak as a mountain range, placed near the Vlasulja range. Cerovic is deffinitely right, no doubt. So, if we want to be precissely, we should say that the highest peak of Volujak mountain range is Studenac (2294 m), but because of the fact that Volujak range and Vlasulja range are very close and together create one compact mountain range, we can understand the oppinions of other mountain writers which wrote that Vlasulja range with its highest peak Volujak (2337 m) is a part of Volujak mountain range. In that case, the highest peak of Volujak range is Volujak (2337 m) peak, the highest peak of Vlasulja range, on which summit is placed a border stone between Montenegro and Republik of Srpska as a part of Bosnia and Hercegovina. Volujak (2337 m) peak and Vilište (2133 m) peak, which dominate above the Stabanska Jezera lakes, represent one wholeness of Volujak massif placed on the south side of Trnovacko Jezero lake. Central part of Volujak mountain massif is Studenac (2294 m) peak.
So, the highest peaks of wider Volujak range (together with Vlasulja range) are:
- Volujak (2337 m)
- Široka Tocila (2297 m)
- Studenac (2294 m)
- Previja (2273 m)
- Badanj (2242 m)
- Lice
Volujak and its high summit plateau offer a special privilege to admire the impressive beauty of Maglic, Trnovacki Durmitor and Bioc, and of course the Trnovacko Jezero lake in the form of the heart, placed below them. On its western and southern side, Volujak is connected with Maglic and Bioc range.
Routes Overview
Volujak massif (2294 m)
Trnovacko Jezero (1513 m) – Katun Bare (Rudinske Kolibe, 1620 m) – Greben Oštrikovac – Studenac (2294 m)
Trnovacko Jezero (1513 m) – Klanac Pletare (2040 m) – Studenac (2294 m)
Cemerno (1329 m) – Poljana (1450 m) – Klekov Do (2030 m) – Studenac (2294 m)
Vlasulja massif (2337 m)
Trnovacko Jezero (1513 m) – Boja cirque (1950 m) – Bojanska Vrata (2140 m) – Volujak (top of Mt Vlasulja, 2337 m): 3h
Presjeka katun (1826 m) – Urdeni Do (2026 m) 1h – Trzivka (2333 m) 1h – Bojanska Vrata pass (2134 m) 1:30h – Volujak peak (2237 m) 1h – Korita (1900 m) 1:30h – Ljubota plateau (1594 m) 1h – Veliko Stabansko Jezero lake (1325 m) 1h – Stabna (1050 m) 1:30h 9:30h
Stabna (1050 m) - Ljubota plateau (1600 m) – Katun pod Klekom (1800 m) – Korita (1900 m) – Štit (2100 m) – Meterize (2200 m) – Volujak (top of Mt Vlasulja, 2337 m): 5:10h
Studenac (2294 m) – Volujak (top of Mt Vlasulja, 2337 m): 2h
Summit View10 km long massif of Volujak offers enjoyment in many beautiful summit views and panoramas. Most impressive of them are the view to Maglic (2388 m), Bioc (2397 m), Trnovacki Durmitor (2332 m) and to beautiful Zelengora range.
Getting There
From Montenegro
Podgorica - Nikšic - Plužine - Stabna - Volujak
Podgorica - Nikšic - Plužine - Mratinje - Trnovacko Jezero - Volujak
From Serbia
Belgrade (Beograd) - Loznica - Mali Zvornik - Zvornik - Višegrad - Tjentište - Prijevor - than by walk to Trnovaèko Jezero lake (shortest approach)
Belgrade (Beograd) - Ljig - Cacak - Užice - Zlatibor - Nova Varoš - Prijepolje - Pljevlja - Ðurdjevica Tara - Žabljak - Virak - Sedlo - Trsa - Plužine - Stabna - Volujak (longer approach)
Belgrade (Beograd) - Ljig - Cacak - Užice - Zlatibor - Nova Varoš - Prijepolje - Pljevlja - Ðurdjevica Tara - Žabljak - Virak - Sedlo - Trsa - Mratinje - Trnovacko Jezero - Volujak (longer approach)
From Bosnia and Hercegovina
The M-20 highway from Foca/Srbinje to Gacko, which crosses through Tjentište, is the starting point for the approach to these peaks.
It can be reached by following the M-5 highway easy out of Sarajevo.
Before and after climbing of the peaks of VOLUJAK range, you can freely camping on many places around and below the mountain. First of all, you can camping near Trnovačko Jezero lake, than in the Stabna Valley near Veliko Stabansko Jezero lake and Malo Stabansko Jezero lake.


text:
Home > Electronics > Musical Instruments > Bass Guitar > 4pcs Electric Guitar Bass Tuning Pegs Machine Heads 2R 2L - Silver and Ivory
Product Details
Here are 4pcs tuning pegs machine heads(2R and 2L) for 4 string guitar. These tuning pegs can replace your old and broken tuning pegs machine heads and are great for tuning.
- 4pcs tuning pegs machine heads 2R and 2L
- Compatible with Ukulele guitar and other 4 string guitar, bass
- Replace your old and broken tuning pegs, great for tuning
- Mounting screws are included
- Main material: Steel and zinc alloy
- Rod Diameter: Approx. 6mm
- Grea Ratio: 1:14
- Color: Silver and ivory
Please pay attention to the size of the item before you buy. Please refer to the size chart below.
Package Includes:
- 4 x Tuning peg machine head(2R+2L)
- 8 x Mounting screws
Related Tags


text:
Logitech Ultrathin Folio for iPad Air – Unboxing and Hands On [VID & Gallery]
I've had my hands on, and reviewed, the ZAGGkeys Folio for iPad Air, and this time out it's Logitech's turn. Although it bears part of the same name, the "Folio" is the only thing similar about the two cases. Unlike the ZAGG, Logitech's Ultrathin Folio is coated – inside and out – with a rubbery, water-repellent material. It feels fantastic, but does grip on to dust and debris very easily.
There are a number of things to love about the Ultrathin Folio on first impressions. First of all, the iPad is only gripped in place using two corner grips on the right hand edge. This gives the case the ability to be super flexible. Opening and closing the case is as easy as opening a book, and because the front cover has a groove down its center, you can fold it back on itself and rest the iPad on top of the keyboard when you don't want to use it.
Secondly it the method it attaches itself to the keyboard base. Like older models, it has a magnetic strip running directly above the top row of keys. This enables you to snap your iPad in place without having to rest it in a groove or have it permanently attached to the keyboard using a hinge.
Keys are a great size too. In fact, due to some re-shuffling of less-used keys like Tab and CAPS lock, all the lettered keys are full size and well spaced out.
I'll write-up a full review at another point, but yet again, I'm impressed by Logitech's keyboard case. It's available to order now for $99/£89 from Logitech.com and is available in up to 4 colors (2 if you're in the UK).
US product link – http://www.logitech.com/en-us/product/ultrathin-keyboard-folio-for-ipad#
UK product link – http://www.logitech.com/en-gb/product/ultrathin-keyboard-folio-for-ipad#


text:
Artist description:
based this on a track i produced a few years ago. a link to my other youtube channel below. [Link] and of course a redraw of my old drawing. [Link]
Java Draw Created Apr 14, 2012 736 x 1024px Unless noted Copyright 2012 madmomentsgo.
We encourage you to submit a comment and let the artist know what you think of this drawing. Please log in or join to post a comment.
Post a comment
This looks like it's based on world of warcraft but then again i've never played that game my fav multiplayer game is COD 5/5 hearts =D
what an incredible creature and awesome drawing 5h fav
Nice work ! Love it ;)
Great work, the detail is amazing even down to the drool. .wow just wow thanks for the rate and comment...
*thanks, oh wow "thinaks" how did that happen
Wow this is amazing! There's so much detail :D and thinaks for the kind comment.
Excellent work!
Super detailing :D
Awesome work! I really like the detail on his warts and wrinkles.
love this!


text:
TWO animals have died after hit-and-run accidents in the New Forest.
A cow was killed outright on the B3055 at Hawkhill, near Brockenhurst, and a pony had to be humanely destroyed after a collision on the B3080 at Turf Hill, near Hale.
The pony, which suffered a broken leg, is thought to have injured at least a day before it was found.
The Verderers, the organisation in charge of Forest stock, offer a £1,000 reward for information leading to the conviction of a hit-and-run driver.
Sue Westwood, clerk to the Verderers, urged drivers involved in animal accidents to alert the authorities immediately – even if they wanted to remain anonymous. She said: "Even an anonymous report is better than nothing and prevents an animal being left to suffer."
Drivers can ring the Forestry Commission on its 24-hour hotline 023 8028 3141.


text:
Add a little luxury to your BDSM play with this stunning Bettie Page collar and lead set. Quilted faux leather is lined with smooth velvet for a sumptuously comfortable fit, while the 34 inch chain is perfect for leading your sub wherever you please...
A quick release clip attaches the silver chain to a 360 degree rotatable D-ring, granting you total control over the wearer. Assert dominance and reward your slave with freedom after play time by unclasping the lead. Doubling up as sophisticated neckwear, the collar can be left on to display your undeniable ownership of your lover.
Luxurious velvet lining that's soft and comfortable
Adjustable between 13 - 17 inches to fit most people
34 inch detachable metal lead for versatility
Quick release clips, just in case!
360 degree rotatable D-ring for easy movement
Presented in a beautiful Bettie Page storage box
Set includes an exclusive collector's card and keychain
This product hasn't received any reviews yet. Be the first to review this product!


text:
Mahindra Rodeo 125cc (8.0 bhp) is stylish, aerodynamic, attractive body with high performance scooter for Indian road condition @ attractive price.
Mahindra Rodeo offers comfort, convenience, safety and excellent pick up and quick acceleration to make your life easier in dense traffic scenario.
"This launch is a validation of the commitment we made last year to establish a robust, end-to-end global two wheeler business with a presence across segments. With their international appeal and powerful performance, the Rodeo and the Duro are world class scooters and will extend the Mahindra DNA of 'tough & rugged' style to a whole new consumer segment," said Mr. Anand Mahindra, Vice Chairman and Managing Director, Mahindra Group.
Mahindra Rodeo Scooter Features:
- Telescopic suspension for comfort on rough of roads
- Smooth and effective braking for a safe ride
- 7AH battery for Auto Start
- Trip meter, clock, tachometer, digital speedometer and odometer
- Adjustable and non-breakable mirror
- USB port cum mobile charger
- Side stand buzzer
Rodeo Scooter also boasts illuminated storage space, 4-in-1 key system starts the engine, operates the fuel lock, handle lock and a magnetic shutter which provides additional safety against theft.
Mahindra Rodeo is available in seven colours – Blazing Red, Golden Beige, Majestic Maroon, Fiery Black, Forest Green, Cappuccino Brown and Deep Ocean Blue.
Mahindra Rodeo Price in India – Rs. 47,460 Indian Rupee (INR) ex-showroom Delhi


text:
New trail creates connections in Farmington
Making connections is always a good thing, even when it comes to trails.
That's why Pilot Knob Road was closed for a few days earlier this month -- so a new section of trail could be installed alongside the road.
By itself, the trail doesn't seem to be much more than a strip of blacktop. But Farmington city engineer Kevin Schorzman thinks it's more than that.
"It was an important connection, kind of the last missing piece of a fairly substantial trail system that runs all the way to Lakeville to the north, and also all the way to Lakeville to the west," he said.
The trail was built from Co. Rd. 50 north to 200th Street, on the west side of Pilot Knob Road. The city of Farmington initially did the design, but much of the planning, inspection and construction costs were covered by Dakota County.
This year, Schorzman said, Dakota County initiated a trail planning program and asked to submit plans. Farmington was one of the few communities that had a request ready for this year. The local project was added to the county's program.
"That was an excellent opportunity for the city to recapture some of the tax dollars that Farmington residents pay," he said. "We captured some of those tax dollars and brought them back home."
Construction meant Pilot Knob Road be closed a few days. Schorzman attributes those closings not so much to the trail, but to the extra work done as part of the project. In addition to the trail, an extension of curb and gutter was completed, a catch basin was added, and some storm sewer piping was installed.
When the section of Pilot Knob Road from 195th Street to Co. Rd. 50 was constructed in the late 1990s, early plans had called for it to be widened to a four-lane road in the future. That still might happen somewhere down the line, Schorzman said, but the construction of Flagstaff Avenue changed traffic patterns. That means the trail will be used for several years without threat of being torn out.
For the most part, Schorzman said, the trail is pretty standard. It's there to keep pedestrians off of the road. But once it hits the Middle Creek area, it connects into some of the community's natural amenities.
"It's not your typical trail that runs right along the edge of the road," he said. "I think people will find it educational, even from a natural aspect. I would encourage people to use it."


text:
A meeting room located in the Schmeeckle Reserve Visitor Center is a unique gathering place for groups and classes. The room can hold up to 40 people and offers movable tables and chairs, a computer and projector, speakers, and a white board. Large windows showcase views of woodlands and a shaded outdoor deck is just around the corner for breaks or small group sessions.
The room is available from 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. daily, and is free of charge for nonprofit and government groups. Please consider supporting this valuable service through a tax-deductible donation.
For more information about the meeting room, view a list of Frequently Asked Questions.
To reserve a date for your meeting, check the calendar below for openings and then click the "Book Now" button. Or, call the Visitor Center at 715-346-4992. Be sure to plan early; the meeting room often fills several weeks in advance.


text:
By Raffique Shah
December 14, 2013
Among the three of them, Basdeo Panday, Jack Warner and Ramesh Lawrence Maharaj have accumulated 220 years on earth. You would think that these three geezers, having experienced a spread of political permutations, from the crown colony system and colonialism to independence and republicanism, would have also accumulated the wisdom to discern that they have long passed their political-expiry dates.
Continue reading 'Bas, Ram and Jack'


text:
Board_werks18wrote a review of Spy Hailwood Sunglasses on January 8, 2011
big and bold.
Biggest pair of shades i've ever owned but feel small and tight. great for the beach and the mountain. Sometimes i forget i have them on. definitely for people with a larger melon. go buy a pair!


text: Hello Im new here and I hope someone can help me out with my hesitation/idle issue. OK so I bought a completely stock 88 mustang Lx 5.0 AT ASCMclaren edition about a month ago and it had this hessitation/idle issue that I thought would be a easy fix... man was I wrong! The car was like a barn find as It was owned by a old lady whom passed away and I got it for a great deal at a estate sale. Im estimating that the car sat for a few years cobwebs everywhere. the owner kept evey recipt and service record and the newest one was in 2007 so im assuming it was parked and stored after that. So the issue started out with hessitation when acceleration gradualy from idle to about 2k RPM. after 2k RPM it smooths out and drives normally. at idle it basiclly bounces around at first itll idle fine then the idle dips down to about 500rpm then the car goes all panic mode trying to get the idle back up to normal bounces around then levels out for a second or two then dips down then freaks out etc. now at first this issue only happened after the car was ran for 30 minutes or longer as long as the trips were under a half hour the car runs great, normal idle no hessitation. but now it seems to be getting more worse. It no longer takes a half hour now its like within 10 or 15 min of starting the car. and its getting more violatant with the hessitation and idle going hella crazy. so it is getting progressivly worse. Here is what Ive done to fix the issue that have failed each time... Replaced intake with GT40 (explorer) intake and fuel injectors Both coolant sensors ACT sensor fuel filter fuel pressure regulator fuel pump plugs, cap, rotor, wires, coil, and distributor BBK H-Pipe (no cats) all new vaccum lines Set timing to 10 degrees removed all grounds cleaned suface with grinder. (amazing how ford attached them to painted parts) G3 Alt upgrade w/ upgraded ground wires Ran all computer test and get 11 codes and a all good 9 for the cyl bal test. Removed and cleaned the IAC, EGR, MAF. My question is this with no codes in the computer and all self tests come back good. can a MAF, TPS, etc be bad but the computer still thinks its good? Or as long as the computer has no codes it means all the sensors are good? Any info or ideas whats wrong with my new fox would be great.


text:
Updated: August 2017
|Item details
|Mortar Bed Labor, Basic
Basic labor to install mortar bed with favorable site conditions. Secure framing and screed strips. Prepare, apply and level mortar. Includes planning, equipment and material acquisition, area preparation and protection, setup and cleanup.
|129 square feet
|Mortar Bed Job Supplies
Cost of related materials and supplies typically required to install mortar bed including: fabrication and polishing disposables, manufacturer recommended underlayment, fasteners, adhesives and surface sealants.
|129 square feet
|Mortar Bed Equipment Allowance
Job related costs of specialty equipment used for job quality and efficiency, including: 5+ cuft heavy duty mortar box with electric drill driven mixer. Daily rental.
|129 square feet
|Option: Remove Tile
Detach from adjacent surfaces. Break into haul able pieces. Remove from home and dispose of legally.
|129 square feet
|Mortar Bed Debris Disposal
Costs to load and haul away old materials, installation waste and associated debris.
|129 square feet
|Unused Minimum Labor
Balance of 2 hr(s) minimum labor charge that can be applied to other tasks.
|Totals - Cost To Install Mortar Bed
|Average Cost per Square Foot
For a basic project in zip code 47474 with 120 square feet, the cost to Install a Mortar Bed starts at $6.72 - $10.25 per square foot*. Because job specific configurations and options will result in significantly different costs, homewyse uses industry-standard algorithms and professionally screened cost data to create estimates customized to the specific options of YOUR mortar bed installation project. Unlike websites with vendor aggregated costs - which lack details for comparison and verification - homewyse delivers greater accuracy and relevancy, for estimates of cost, material and time to install a mortar bed.
To estimate costs for your project:
1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and materials purchased.
2. Specify Project Size and Options Enter the number of "square feet" required for the project.
3. Re-calculate Click the "Update" button.
NOTE: *Input the total of the finished surface area AND the area of any openings enclosed by the finished area.
Our FREE homewyse hiring guide helps you find and hire great help, get quality craftsmanship and get a fair price on your project.
Use Porch to connect with top local pros. Submit your project and compare up to 4 free quotes today.
These estimates are for BASIC work performed in serviceable conditions by qualified trade professionals using MID GRADE materials. Work not mentioned on this page and/or work using master craftsman, premium materials and project supervision will result in HIGHER COSTS!
These estimates are NOT substitutes for written quotes from trade professionals. Homewyse strongly recommends that you contact reputable professionals for accurate assessments of work required and costs for your project - before making any decisions or commitments.
The cost estimate includes:
The cost estimate does NOT include:
Expect to pay in the higher end of the price range for a licensed, insured and reputable pro - and for complex or rush projects.
To lower Mortar Bed Installation costs: combine related projects, minimize options/extras and be flexible about project scheduling.
We're a cooperative community that values and depends on your input. So, let us know - how can we improve this site? Would your friends and online contacts benefit from homewyse information? Make homewyse better for everyone - send your feedback or share this page. Many thanks!