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Pragmatism, school of philosophy, dominant in the United States in the first quarter of the 20th century, based on the principle that the usefulness, workability, and practicality of ideas, policies, and proposals are the criteria of their merit. It stresses the priority of action over doctrine, of experience over fixed principles, and it holds that ideas borrow their meanings from their consequences and their truths from their verification. Thus, ideas are essentially instruments and plans of action.
Achieving results, i.e., "getting things done" in business and public affairs, is often said to be "pragmatic." There is a harsher and more brutal connotation of the term in which any exercise of power in the successful pursuit of practical and specific objectives is called "pragmatic." The character of American business and politics is often so described. In these cases "pragmatic" carries the stamp of justification: a policy is justified pragmatically if it is successful. The familiar and the academic conceptions have in common an opposition to invoking the authority of precedents or of abstract and ultimate principles. Thus, in law judicial decisions that have turned on the weighing of consequences and probable general welfare rather than on being deduced from precedents have been called pragmatic.
The word pragmatism is derived from the Greek pragma ("action," or "affair"). The Greek historian Polybius (died 118 bce) called his writings "pragmatic," meaning thereby that they were intended to be instructive and useful to his readers. In his introduction to Philosophy of History, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) commented on this "pragmatical" approach as the second kind of reflective historiography, and for that genre he cited Johannes von Müller's History of the World (Eng. trans. 1840). As the American psychologist and leading pragmatist William James remarked, "The term is derived from the same Greek word pragma meaning action, from which the words 'practice' and 'practical' come." The American logician Charles S. Peirce, another pioneering pragmatist, may have been the first to use the word to designate a specific philosophical doctrine. But Peirce had Immanuel Kant's German term rather than the Greek word in mind. Pragmatisch refers to experimental, empirical, and purposive thought "based on and applying to experience." In the philosophy of education, the notion that children learn by doing, that critical standards of procedure and understanding emerge from the application of concepts to directly experienced subject matters, has been called "pragmatic." Within linguistics, "pragmatics" refers to the subfield that studies the relation of the language user to the words or other signs being used.
Major theses of philosophic pragmatism
During the first quarter of the 20th century, pragmatism was the most influential philosophy in the United States, exerting an impact on the study of law, education, political and social theory, art, and religion. Six fundamental theses of this philosophy can be distinguished. It is, however, unlikely that any one thinker would have subscribed to them all, and even on points of agreement, varying interpretations mark the thought and temper of the major pragmatists. The six theses are:
1. Responsive to idealism and evolutionary theory, pragmatists emphasized the "plastic" nature of reality and the practical function of knowledge as an instrument for adapting to reality and controlling it. Existence is fundamentally concerned with action, which some pragmatists exalted to an almost metaphysical level. Change being an inevitable condition of life, pragmatists called attention to the ways in which change can be directed for individual and social benefit. They were consequently most critical of moral and metaphysical doctrines in which change and action are relegated to the "merely practical," on the lowest level of the hierarchy of values. Some pragmatists anticipated the more concrete and life-centred philosophy of existentialism by arguing that only in acting—confronted with obstacles, compelled to make choices, and concerned with giving form to experience—is the individual's being realized and discovered.
2. Pragmatism was a continuation of critical empiricism in emphasizing the priority of actual experience over fixed principles and a priori (nonexperiential) reasoning in critical investigation. For James this meant that the pragmatist
turns away from abstraction and insufficiency, from verbal solutions, from bad a priori reasons, from fixed principles, closed systems, and pretended absolutes and origins. He turns towards concreteness and adequacy, towards facts, towards action.…It means the open air and possibilities of nature, as against…dogma, artificiality, and the pretence of finality in truth.
3. The pragmatic meaning of an idea, belief, or proposition is said to reside in the distinct class of specific experimental or practical consequences that result from the use, application, or entertainment of the notion. As Peirce commented, "Our idea of anything is our idea of its sensible effects." For example, two propositions for which no different effects can be discerned have merely a verbal appearance of dissimilarity, and a proposition for which no definite theoretical or practical consequences can be determined is pragmatically meaningless. For pragmatists "there is no distinction of meaning so fine as to consist in anything but a possible difference of practice." Meaning thus has a predictive component, and some pragmatists came close to identifying the meaning of a term or proposition with the process of its verification.
4. While most philosophers have defined truth in terms of a belief's "coherence" within a pattern of other beliefs or as the "correspondence" between a proposition and an actual state of affairs, pragmatism, in contrast, generally held that truth, like meaning, is to be found in the process of verification. Thus, truth simply is the verification of a proposition, or the successful working of an idea. Crudely, truth is "what works." Less crudely and more theoretically, truth is, in Peirce's words, the "limit towards which endless investigation would tend to bring scientific belief." For John Dewey, founder of the instrumentalist school of pragmatism, these are beliefs "warranted" by inquiry.
5. In keeping with their understanding of meaning and truth, pragmatists interpreted ideas as instruments and plans of action. In contrast to the conception of ideas as images and copies of impressions or of external objects, pragmatist theories emphasized the functional character of ideas: ideas are suggestions and anticipations of possible conduct; they are hypotheses or forecasts of what will result from a given action; they are ways of organizing behaviour in the world rather than replicas of the world. Ideas are thus analogous in some respects to tools; they are efficient, useful, and valuable, or not, depending on the role that they play in contributing to the successful direction of behaviour.
6. In methodology, pragmatism was a broad philosophical attitude toward the formation of concepts, hypotheses, and theories and their justification. For pragmatists, the individual's interpretations of reality are motivated and justified by considerations of their efficacy and utility in serving his interests and needs. The molding of language and theorizing are likewise subject to the critical objective of maximum usefulness according to humanity's various purposes.
History of pragmatism
Antecedents in modern philosophy
Pragmatism was a part of a general revolt against the overly intellectual, somewhat fastidious, and closed systems of idealism in 19th-century philosophy. These boldly speculative philosophers had expanded the subjective experience of the mind until it became a metaphysical principle of cosmic explanation. For the idealist, all of reality was one fabric, woven from parts that cohered by virtue of the internal relations that they bore to one another, and this reality was often interpreted in abstract and fixed intellectual categories. The theory of evolution, then still new, seemed to the pragmatists, on the other hand, to call for a new, nonidealist interpretation of nature, life, and reason—one that challenged the long-established conceptions of fixed species. The new emphasis was on the particular variations and struggles of life in adapting to the environment. Philosophically, the fact of growth and the development of techniques for instituting changes favourable to life became the significant factors rather than the idealist's ambitious rationalistic account of human goals and of the universe in general. Important developments in natural science and logic also encouraged a critical attitude toward earlier systems.
There were two main influences on the early formation of pragmatism. One was the tradition of British empiricism in the work of John Stuart Mill, Alexander Bain, and John Venn, which stressed the role of experience in the genesis of knowledge—and particularly their analyses of belief as being intimately tied in with action and, indeed, as definable in terms of one's disposition and motive to act. The work of the 18th-century empirical idealist George Berkeley, which presented a theory of the practical and inferential nature of knowledge and of sensations as signs (and thus predictive) of future experience, led Peirce to refer to him as "the introducer of pragmatism." The other major influence came from modern German philosophy: from Kant's analysis of the purposive character of belief and of the roles of will and desire in forming belief and his doctrine of "regulative ideas," such as God or the soul, which guide the understanding in achieving systematic completeness and unity of knowledge; from Romantic idealists, for whom all reason is "practical" in expanding and enriching human experience; and from Hegel's historical and social conception of changing and developing subject matters. In sum, Peirce was profoundly impressed by Kant and by the Scottish philosophy of common sense; James by British empiricism and by the voluntarisms (stressing the role of choice or will) of the genetic epistemologist James Ward and the relativistic French personalist Charles-Bernard Renouvier; and Dewey by Samuel Taylor Coleridge's version of Kant's active conception of mind and by neo-Kantian and Hegelian idealism.
Finally, to these influences must be added that of American social experience in the 19th century: the rapid expansion of industry and trade and a popular optimism, with its roots in Puritan theology, holding that hard work and virtue are bound to be rewarded. Both the precariousness of frontier life, however, and the rapidly expanding economy weakened the prevailing Calvinistic belief in a predestined future and encouraged the emergence of inventiveness, a sense of living still in the "New World experiment," and adoption of the ideal of "making good."
The Metaphysical Club
Pragmatism first received philosophical expression in the critical group discussions of the "Metaphysical Club" in the 1870s in Cambridge, Mass. In addition to Peirce and James, membership in the club included Chauncey Wright, F.E. Abbot, and Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. A version of Peirce's now-classic paper "The Fixation of Belief" (1877) seems to have been presented at the club. James published a paper in 1878, "Spencer's Definition of Mind as Correspondence," in which his pragmatism and analysis of thought and belief are clearly discernible, and two decades later, he introduced pragmatism to the public in a lecture. Although he fully credited Peirce with the idea, James's exposition became famous and was received by the world at large.
The classical pragmatists
The pragmatic philosophy of Charles Sanders Peirce was part of a more general theory of thought and of signs. Thought, or "inquiry," results from doubt, a state in which habitual actions are blocked or confused and from which organic irritation and irresolution result. Resolution and unobstructed conduct, on the other hand, are products of belief, which is a form of stability and satisfaction. It is the function of scientific thought to produce true beliefs. In a prolonged effort to embed this analysis of doubt and inquiry within a more comprehensive theory of signs in which communication, thought, knowledge, and intelligent conduct could be fully understood, Peirce achieved a wealth of original insights. A sign, for Peirce, is a way by which something (a thought, word, or object) refers the interpreter to something else (the interpretant), which, in turn, is itself another sign. Peirce's pragmatism is thus a method for translating certain kinds of signs into clearer signs in order to surmount linguistic or conceptual confusion. Getting at the interpretant involves determining the "effects," or consequences, of the signs or ideas in question.
Peirce's pragmatism is therefore primarily a theory of meaning that emerged from his first-hand reflections on his own scientific work, in which the experimentalist understands a proposition as meaning that, if a prescribed experiment is performed, a stated experience will result. The method has two different uses. First, it is a way of showing that when disputes permit no resolution, the difficulties are due to misuses of language, to subtle conceptual confusions. Such questions as whether the physical world is an illusion, whether the individual's senses always mislead him, or whether his actions are fated are not "real" problems.
The method may also be employed for clarification. As Peirce wrote:
Consider what effects, that might conceivably have practical bearings, we conceive the object of our conception to have. Then our conception of these effects is the whole of our conception of the object.
To say, for example, that an object O is hard means that if the operation of scratching O were to be performed, O would not be scratched by most substances. One thus achieves clarity when one can supply a conditional statement of this kind.
According to Peirce, to say that a belief is true is to say that, if a certain operation is the subject of continuous scientific inquiry by the community of investigators, assent to the belief would increase and dissent decrease "in the infinite long run." Consequently, not only is thought purposive, but meaning carries a reference to the future. Peirce's concept of the community of sign users and inquirers also has social and moral relevance, for it is nothing less than the ideal of rational democracy.
Witnessing his doctrine undergo a medley of dubious interpretations, Peirce eventually dissociated himself from them by calling his own view "pragmaticism," a term he called so ugly as to be safe from uninformed use. Key dimensions of Peirce's logical pragmatism were developed by James, Dewey, George Herbert Mead, and C.I. Lewis.
James's pragmatism took a psychological and moral approach largely unforeseen by Peirce. A basic difference between Peirce and James is discernible in their respective conceptions of the direction to be taken by pragmatic analysis. While Peirce examined meaning in general, conditional schema, and interpretants, James focused upon the distinct contributions that ideas and beliefs make to specific forms of human experience on the living level of practical wants and purposes.
The most conspicuous feature of James's writings on pragmatism is the dominant place given to considerations of value, worth, and satisfaction—consequences of his teleological (purposive) conception of mind (as in his Principles of Psychology [1890]). James maintained that thought is adaptive and purposive but also suffused with ideal emotional and practical interests—"should-bes"—which, as conditions of action, work to transform the world and create the future. Consequently, truth and meaning are species of value: "The true is the name of whatever proves itself to be good in the way of belief."
James took meaning to be an intimate part of the use of ideas for expediting action. The notion of the difference that a proposition makes in experience was fundamental to James's pragmatic methodology. He remarked that "it is a good rule in physiology, when we are studying the meaning of an organ," to look to the specific function that it performs. In like manner, the special difference that the presence of mind makes in observable cases, reflected in its unique functioning, defines the use of "mind"; "In particular, the pursuance of future ends and the choice of means for their attainment are thus the mark and criterion of the presence of mentality."
With his training in medicine and psychology and the influence of Charles Darwin in the background, James considered that the main function of thought is to help people establish "satisfactory relations with our surroundings." Thus, individuals help to mold the character of reality according to their needs and desires. Indeed, this is fundamental in James's defense of the right to believe in his famous essay "The Will to Believe" (1897). James argued that one may have a reasonable right to hold a religious or metaphysical belief (e.g., that there is a perfect, eternal, and personal aspect of the universe) when the belief in question would supply a vital psychological and moral benefit to the believer, when evidence for and against the belief is equal, and when the decision to believe is forced and momentous. In James's functional conception of truth, the "working," and hence the truth, of ideas is their role in opening up valuable possible directions of thought and action—"a leading that is worth while."
Dewey once noted that "Peirce wrote as a logician and James as a humanist." This distinction characterizes not only the course of pragmatism but also the shaping of Dewey's own thought. Dewey first felt the influence of James in the 1890s, during the period in which he was struggling to free himself from the hold of Hegelian idealism. Later he recognized the value of Peirce's work, which clearly prefigured certain ideas that he had developed independently.
With indefatigable effort and care, Dewey reformulated pragmatism, critically readjusting some of its conflicting doctrines, drawing upon his own work in psychology and education, and finding stimulation in the social pragmatism of his friend Mead. The resulting construction was instrumentalism, which Dewey conceived as a single coherent theory embracing both the logical and humanistic currents of pragmatism and thus integrating the methods and conclusions of scientific knowledge with beliefs about values and purposes.
While scientific, moral, and social experiences may differ in subject matter, the method of thought functioning "in the experimental determinations of future consequences" remains the same for all inquiry. Initially provoked by doubtful or problematic conditions, intelligent conduct is addressed to a resolution and settling of these conditions and to a "warranted assertion"—Dewey's version of "truth." Such is the "mediative function" of reason. "Truth" is thus identified with the outcome of competent inquiry. Actions occurring on the organic level, if they be at first confused and obstructed, can become organized, coherent, and liberated through such inquiry.
Dewey's analysis of the organic, cultural, and formal conditions of intelligent action implies that all reflective conduct issues in an evaluation of a situation with respect to future action and consequences; thus, inquiry is essentially an evaluative procedure. This method, most impressively applied in the sciences, is nonetheless a paradigm of moral activity as well. In ethics, "the action needed to satisfy" the situation is not to be found simply by the application of moral codes. The meaning
has to be searched for [since] there are conflicting desires and alternative apparent goods.…Hence inquiry is exacted.…The good of the situation has to be discovered, projected and attained on the basis of the exact defect and trouble to be rectified.
In general, according to instrumentalism, moral ideals and "ends" function as means and hypotheses in guiding the deliberative process directed to controlling experience and attaining future goods.
Not health as an end fixed once for all, but the needed improvement in health—a continual process—is the end and good.…Not perfection as a final goal, but the ever-enduring process of perfecting, maturing, refining is the aim of living.…Growth itself is the only moral "end."
Inquiry possessed a genuine religious significance for Dewey, and in its functioning as a critical, self-corrective social process of human growth, he envisaged the working ethic of democracy.
Other American pragmatists
Mead's basic orientation was social psychology. He had studied physiological psychology in Germany, had earlier worked under James and Josiah Royce at Harvard, and was also familiar with Peirce's analyses of thought and signs. Dewey regarded Mead as one of the most fertile minds in American philosophy.
Mead developed the most comprehensive of the pragmatist theories of mind. He depicted the evolution of mind and self-consciousness as emerging from social interactions and the use of gestures and "significant symbols" such as words. In contrast to other creatures, an individual regarded as having mind, engaging with others in social acts, can respond to his own gestures as others respond to them—thus taking on social roles and becoming an "other" in respect to himself. It is therefore by means of language, the use of "significant symbols," that mind emerges.
Fundamental to Mead's philosophy is his conception of the social act, in which individuals modify and direct one anothers' activities, work out their purposes, and accordingly transform their environments. In the social act the future controls present conduct, and this is distinctive of consciousness. Since the function of intelligence is to render the world "favourable for conduct," Mead viewed the development of scientific knowledge and the evolutionary process as coinciding.
Lewis's theory of "conceptualistic pragmatism" was derived partly from his study of modern logic and partly from the influence of Royce and the classic pragmatists. The critical results of a careful study of Kant are traceable in his work. Lewis's theory provides a novel and distinctively pragmatic conception of the element in knowledge that is a priori, or independent of experience. His pragmatism focuses upon concepts, categories, and principles through which experience is interpreted. Although the sensuously given is "unalterable," how it is taken, or how it is conceptually interpreted, depends on the purposes and initiatives of the mind—the a priori element in knowledge, which, functioning as categorical criteria of reality, is "true no matter what." It is by means of these criteria that a systematic interpretation of reality is developed.
Pragmatism in Europe
In his preface to Pragmatism (1907), James commented that the pragmatic movement was the focal expression of a number of philosophical tendencies suddenly becoming conscious of themselves and of "their combined mission." He mentioned the French thinkers Maurice Blondel, Édouard Le Roy, and B. de Sailly and the Italian iconoclastic critic Giovanni Papini. Blondel was the author of L'Action (1893) and a spokesman for a voluntaristic and activistic theory of knowledge. He was a founder of the "school of action," a liberal Roman Catholic group that was part of the Modernist movement (which employed the new historicocritical approach to the Bible and promoted a rationalistic interpretation of the faith). As early as 1888, Blondel appropriated the term pragmatisme, only to abandon it when he learned of American pragmatism, which was a more naturalistic philosophy than his own. Le Roy, closer to James than other French thinkers, also called his view "pragmatism." In broad respects he was like James in holding that the truth and the full significance of beliefs is found in acting them out. Le Roy was a disciple of Henri Poincaré, who had argued that scientific theories are neither mere summaries of data nor deduced from axioms but are creative constructions, products of human thought and ingenuity. To the question of what limits are imposed on otherwise arbitrary conventions, of what justifies them, Le Roy suggested their convenience in use. James saw similar forms of pragmatism in the thought of Ernst Mach, Wilhelm Ostwald, Pierre Duhem, and Théodore Ruyssen, each of whom, according to James, accepted "the notion that no theory is absolutely a transcript of reality" and that "their great use is to summarize old facts and lead to new ones" so that they are a "man-made language, a conceptual shorthand…in which we write our reports of nature."
Another French thinker, Georges Sorel, reformulated Jamesian pragmatism and its emphasis on action into a "useful" doctrine of social criticism. The Italian fascist dictator Benito Mussolini later cited Sorel and James as two of his philosophical mentors. He claimed to find in James "that faith in action, that ardent will to live and fight, to which fascism owes a great part of its success." To the democratic James, no lesson could have been more badly learned. A more immediate and direct form of James's pragmatism occurred in Italy, with its centre in the journal Leonardo, under the leadership of Papini. James referred to Papini as "a brilliant, humorous and witty writer." He called him a genius and was addressed in turn by him as "the Master." Papini's pragmatism, derived from James's "
The Will to Believe," became a theory of the will to action. In action, through creative power and passion, humans achieve a kind of divinity. This romantic exaltation of action was appealing to artists but also to fanatics. Papini and his associate Giuseppe Prezzolini constituted the "magical" school of pragmatism, in the sense of seeking "divinely creative" power. They were opposed by the "logical" school of Giovanni Vailati and Mario Calderoni, who were inspired by Peirce.
The British philosopher Ferdinand C.S. Schiller was the most famous pragmatist in Europe at the time of his death in 1937. An admirer and friend of James, he was initially a humanist, in the sense that he viewed both reality and knowledge as reflections of human activity—"the taken" rather than "the given." He first came to appreciate James's "
The Will to Believe" in 1897 and subsequently acknowledged its impact on his thinking in an early important paper, "
Axioms as Postulates" (1902). Schiller was a tireless critic of the "closed" systems of the English idealists F.H. Bradley, J.M.E. McTaggart, and Bernard Bosanquet. Instead, Schiller advocated an intellectual freedom consisting in open, plural, changing—and to some extent never finished—philosophical theorizing. According to Schiller, reality and truth are artifacts rather than eternal verities. The true and the false, basically forms of good and bad, are thus relative to the private purposes of particular individuals. Schiller attempted to describe and analyze the logic of the experimental "trying" through which such needs are satisfied. He viewed reality as wholly plastic: starting from initial postulates, one proceeds to construct schemes for achieving a satisfactory outcome of desire, finally rendering unformed possibilities into a common world of language and action. Schiller regarded all of science as derived from and inescapably guided by the psychological processes of human thought. Thus, in his system, man became the measure of all things.


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Deep & empowering.
This is an amazing video. Courageous.
We, as a people, are finally opening up our minds and our hearts to include the community of family. Who cares who you sleep with, all that matters is that you respect yourself and others. Good job Marsha
deep. thumbs up!!
I love this and so real. The video is so well done, definitely an empowering message here. I can't wait for the entire project to be released.
Wow...this video is touching. It's sad that we even need to educate and ask that prevention be spoken of. I wish the world would just grow up and accept everyone for who they are.
Smooth, the lyrics delicately flow with ease. A deep message with purpose and humility. Wake up world..love is not selective..
I love this video... it gave me a new meaning to the song and i love Marsha... can't wait for the album on 2/22
Im feeling the concept and the message. We need more songs and videos like this I love you Marsha keep your head up sorry about your friend.
This song is incredible by itself. Put it in this video...Marsha may even be lining herself up for an acting career she is amazing.!
Children are innocent...
Deep, Dope
Why didn't the children respond with hatred and sneering? Why do children treat PEOPLE better than adults? Who is really more humane, intelligent or demonstrative of God's love than children?

subset: commoncrawl


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Sydney (AFP) Mar 31, 2006
A dinosaur-era tree long believed extinct went on sale in Australia Thursday, giving any gardener the chance to plant some prehistory for under 45 US dollars. A park ranger discovered a small stand of Wollemi Pines in mountains outside Sydney in 1994, stunning botanists since the trees were virtually unchanged since the Jurassic period 200 million years ago.
Last October collectors paid thousands of dollars for cuttings of selected Wollemi Pines at a special auction which marked the official "coming out" of the trees, believed to have been extinct for at least two million years.
Now everyday gardeners can purchase a 40 centimeter (16 inch) sapling of the Wollemi -- known as the "living fossil' -- for 60 Australian dollars (42 US) or a 60 cm plant for 100 dollars from nurseries around Australia or online at www.wollemipine.com.
Licences to plant the pine have also been granted in Britain, Europe, Japan and New Zealand.
Royalties will be used to fund the conservation of the trees -- currently only 100 adult Wollemi Pines are known to exist in the wild -- and of other rare and threatened plant species, organisers said.
"The combination of the Wollemi Pine's ancient history, link to the dinosaurs and mysterious discovery in 1994 has captured the imagination of the general public," said Barbara McGeoch, general manager of Wollemi Pine International.
"When it was discovered, it was like finding a dinosaur alive today," she said. The tree can grow up to 20 meters (66 feet) high.
Source: Agence France-Presse
Related Links
Wollemi Pine International
Going Deep
Moss Landing CA (SPX) Mar 31, 2006
Some of the most arresting images of life on our planet have come from the deep-sea world of hydrothermal vents. Massive chimneys belching superheated fluids, colonies of giant crimson-tipped tubeworms swaying in the current, swarms of tiny shrimp, albino crabs.
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I'm feeling it. Going all out two nights in a row is putting a strain on my body, but it feels pretty effin' good. For their first show in Kansas City since 1987, Death Angel ripped the rowdy Friday night crowd in half. It was a good night for metal.
A country show at a nearby venue caused me to park further away than normal, thus only catching the last 1 1/2 songs from KC's own power-metal titans Vanlade. I walked in on what sounded like a new song, and it sounded really awesome. The last one they played (it seemed they got their set cut short) was Breakin' The Law by Judas Priest, but they definitely put a thrash spin on the song. Best time I've ever seen them play it! I'll hold off on giving them a numbered review this time since I barely saw any of them, but I already can't wait to see 'em again!
Next up was At The Left Hand of God (or: drunkenly screaming ATLHOOOGGG!!!) and they were the odd-man out on this bill but brought a refreshing breath of air to the crowd. I'm always a big fan of these guys live and they never disappoint. The lead singer has ditched the keyboard and it seems like they play melodic death metal/metalcore in the vein on As I Lay Dying...but better! Great stuff, though the crowd wasn't too much into them. A more appropriate show for them, and they'd get tons of applause! Always a pleasure with ATLHOG.
And then came the best thrash band from the Midwest, Hammerlord. They were definitely on top of their game tonight, and they (for lack of a better word) absolutely thrashed through their opening set. Demon Fever was particularly vicious. Amazing as always. Oh, and still some of the best guitar playing I've ever seen in a live setting.
Bonded By Blood was the first of the touring bands. They were a little bit better than the last time I saw them, opening for Early Man. They seemed like they were kind of sloppy last year, but they were a lot tighter this time around. I love new thrash, but Bonded by Blood has yet to win me over. They're getting there, though.
Lazarus A.D., on the other hand, was pretty much the only band I wouldn't pay to see again. They had some pretty fun thrash parts, so it wasn't all a loss. But they definitely sounded way too much like Pantera for my liking. The crowd seemed to like them, though.
And then came Death Angel. They were outstanding. And they told us time and time again that we were by far the best crowd on the tour so far. People were spazzing out the entire time, everyone was singing along, not only to classics like Seemingly Endless Time, but also new ones like Claws In You. It was absolute chaos and absolutely insane. And let me tell you, Thrashers is probably the best live thrash song I've ever heard. Absolutely INSANE! I can't say it enough! Death Angel, please don't wait 24 years to come back again!
Death Angel (same as Chicago)
01. I Chose The Sky
02. Evil Priest
03. Buried Alive
04. Mistress Of Pain
05. Claws In So Deep
06. Seemingly Endless Time
07. This Hate
08. Relentless Revolution
(Acoustic outro from Claws In So Deep played over the P.A.)
09. Truce
10. Purgatory (Iron Maiden cover, no vocals) /
11. Veil Of Deception
12. Opponents At Sides
13. Bored /
14. Heaven And Hell (Black Sabbath cover)
15. Thrashers
16. Lord Of Hate
17. River Of Rapture
18. The Ultra Violence (Intro) / Thrown To The Wolves
LaZarus A.D. included:
The Onslaught Pt. 1 - Revolution
American Dreams
The Ultimate Sacrifice
Bonded By Blood included:
Immortal Life
Feed The Beast
Prototype: Death Machine
Wolves At War's End
Creating Destruction
Demon Fever
The Ballad Of Rusty Tomaski
Tombstone Piledriver
At The Left Hand of God included:
The Tower Is Tall But The Fall Is Short
Vanlade included:
Breaking The Law (Judas Priest cover)
Death Angel: 9/10
Lazarus A.D.: 6/10
Bonded By Blood: 7/10
Hammerlord: 8.5/10
At The Left Hand Of God: 8/10
Vanlade: n/a
Saturday, February 12, 2011
Death Angel -- Lawrence, KS -- February 11th, 2011
Posted by Jackson May at 1:25 AM
Labels: at the left hand of god, bonded by blood, concert review, death angel, hammerlord, lazarus a.d., vanlade
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|16 Jun 2012
windows 7 home premium x64
How to set AVG Free 2012 to scan Windows Live Mail
I was wondering how I could get AVG Free 2012 to scan all in-going and out-going mail in Windows Live Mail. Can anyone help me?
|My System Specs
|16 Jun 2012
Windows 7 Home Premium x64 SP1
Some reading for you. Hopefully an AVG/WLM user will come along with personal experience.
AVG Free | E-mail Protection | FAQ
A Guy
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Export mail and contacts from Outlook 2007 to Windows live mail 2012?
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Windows Live Mail 2012 Error
Hi all, Any time I open Windows Live Mail 2012 in a desktop a receive an error sayin that Failed to initialize Shared Canvas (File System.Xml), please see attached image. If i click ignore the program opens, receive e-mails but cannot send! Can anyone help with this please? Thanks,...
|Browsers & Mail
Windows Live Mail 2012 updated.
Hi Folks, (Build 16.4.3508.0205) The installer includes an update for SkyDrive.
|Browsers & Mail
windows live mail 2012 issue
Hello, In windows live mail 2012 as is other mail programs I have a calendar. Whether or not I am logged in or not how do I incorporate a .ics file into this calendar? I read somewhere that wlm2012 will not allow this but I am not sure. What's the definitive answer. Thanks Vince
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Windows Live Mail 2012 (16.4.3503) ???
Just happened to realize there is a new WLM version....(16.4.3503) ...
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2017 Global Missions Health Conference
The Global Missions Health Conference is the largest medical mission's conference in the world! Agape will be represented as one of the exhibitors at the conference in November. We hope to see you in Louisville, November 9 -11th!You can find the talks from prior conferences HERE To register for the conference go HERE
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The Gary Pinkel era began in Missouri this past weekend, as did the Les Miles era at Oklahoma State.
Both schools, however, will have to wait until at least next weekend for the first victories under the new head coaches.
Pinkel's Tigers and Miles' Cowboys were the only Big 12 teams to lose Saturday in the first busy weekend of the season.
OSU lost 17-9 on the road to Southern Mississippi, and Missouri lost 20-13 at home against Bowling Green.
Elsewhere, No. 3 Oklahoma beat Air Force 44-3, No. 4 Nebraska beat Troy State 42-14 and No. 5 Texas drilled New Mexico State 41-7.
Colorado made a great recovery from a sloppy opener, beating rival Colorado State 41-14. Texas A&M overcame a 16-0 deficit to beat McNeese State 38-24 and Kansas beat Southwest Missouri State 24-10.
Still waiting to kick off the season are No. 13 Kansas State, Iowa State, Texas Tech and Baylor. All play on Saturday.
Missouri's loss was stunning. "Everybody's sick," said punter Brock Harvey.
Bowling Green was coming off a two-win season that was its worst in 47 years, leading to its own coaching change. The Tigers were favored by nearly two touchdowns, and there were more than 51,039 supporters at Faurot Field.
Mizzou led 13-7 early in the fourth quarter, then choked it away by allowing an 80-yard touchdown drive and throwing an interception that set up only a 35-yard TD drive.
Tigers quarterback Darius Outlaw, who became the starter when Kirk Farmer broke his hand in early August, threw his second interception of the fourth quarter on the final drive.
"Every player could've done something a little bit better out there, and every coach, too. And it starts with me," said Pinkel, who replaced Larry Smith in Columbia after winning 73 games in 10 seasons at Toledo, where Bowling Green was his conference rival.
Oklahoma State got behind early but stayed close despite four fumbles, costly penalties and a poor running game. The mistakes caught up to the Cowboys in the end.
A long pass that would've put OSU on the Southern Miss 9 with 1:27 left was wiped out by an illegal block. They were able to get to the 26, but lost the ball on downs with three straight incompletions.
"We think we've improved in several areas," said Miles, an assistant coach for the Dallas Cowboys for several years before going to Stillwater to replace Bob Simmons. "More than anything, there has to be a resolve in this football team that says we're not going to lose those kind of games. When that changes, we'll have a good football team."
The team from Norman proved it's still pretty good, blowing out Air Force behind a running game that was often overlooked during last season's national championship run.
Quentin Griffin ran for 201 yards 78 more than his previous career best and the most by a Sooner in four years and Nate Hybl was 14-of-31 for 161 yards with two touchdowns and an interception in his second start.
"Nate was putting the ball in there right where it needs to be," coach Bob Stoops said.
The Cornhuskers welcomed Troy State to Division I-A with eight sacks and a stingy 165 yards only two in the second half. Troy State led 7-0 and was within 28-14 at halftime before Nebraska got on a roll.
Dahrran Diedrick had 177 of the Huskers' 330 yards rushing and scored three touchdowns in his first start.
The Longhorns recovered a fumble on the game's opening kickoff, then got their first touchdown on a blocked punt. They led 27-0 before allowing any points, then saw highly touted freshman Cedric Benson gain 64 yards and a touchdown on 15 fourth-quarter carries.
"I thought he was No. 34," receiver Montrell Flowers said, comparing Benson who wears No. 32 to 1998 Heisman Trophy winner Ricky Williams.
Colorado upset No. 24 Colorado State, avenging losses the last two years and making up for the turnovers that cost them the opener. This time, CU made four interceptions, returning two for touchdowns and using another to set up a score.
Two miscues by Texas A&M quarterback Mark Farris helped Division I-AA McNeese State take a big early lead, but Farris ran for two touchdowns and threw for another to lead the comeback against coach R.C. Slocum's alma mater.
"Not to take anything away from them, but we are Texas A&M and we need to play better than we did," linebacker Christian Rodriguez said.
Kansas quarterback Zach Dyer, who beat out Mario Kinsey for the job, was 19-of-29 for 231 yards and ran for 41 more as Kansas overcame some sloppy play to beat Division I-AA Southwest Missouri State.
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Advanced Grid Analytics
Advanced Grid Analytics provide a practical way to realize additional value from meter and system data. These applications allow quick and accurate visualization of asset loading, voltage monitoring, revenue protection and more. The modular, flexible and scalable analytics applications help utilities visual both monitoring and planning functions.


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Q. Where's the old Find/Replace dialog box in Word 2010?
A. It took me awhile to get used to looking on the left for my search results and to use those buttons with the located search text to find my place in the document. While I did eventually get used to it, I needed that old dialog box for some things. It's now called Advanced Find, and it's located under the Find button, Editing group on the home tab. I added it to my Quick Access Toolbar to make it easier to find and use again.


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Oakland Raiders wide receiver Chaz Schilens injured his left shoulder after making a diving catch on a long pass from quarterback Jason Campbell on Friday.
The stinger is the latest ailment for the oft-injured Schilens, who is expected to play a key role in Oakland's new-look offense, provided he can stay healthy.
"I'm all right, though," Schilens said. "No problem, I'm good. My head rammed into my shoulder. Just a stinger."
Schilens made it through his fifth straight practice, a milestone of sorts for the third-year receiver.
"I would love to be out there all the time, but for right now it's smart," Schilens said. "It feels good. They're looking out for me. I'm probably going to do too much if they let me go out there, and I really don't want to make it sore again at this point."
Schilens isn't the only Oakland receiver that is hurting.
Darrius Heyward-Bey (foot) and Louis Murphy (head) have both missed time in camp. Jacoby Ford (quad), Jonathan Holland (ankle) and Johnnie Lee Higgins (hamstring) were held out of Friday's practice.
But Schilens is the primary concern.
The 6-foot-4, 225-pound player is Oakland's biggest and most physical receiver. He had 15 receptions and averaged 15.1 yards a catch while playing sparingly as a rookie, then came back to make 29 catches for 365 yards and a pair of touchdowns over the final eight games of 2009.
Plays like Schilens made Friday, stretching the field and racing past cornerback Chris Johnson before diving to make the catch, are typical of his ability - when he is healthy.
Schilens missed the first eight games in 2009 after breaking his left foot in training camp and has been on a slow road back. He underwent a second operation on the foot in the offseason and then sat out the second day of camp with soreness.
As a result, the Raiders are being patient and cautious with Schilens' rehab.
"I just think we're going to be smart," Oakland coach Tom Cable said. "We're letting him loose. Let's be smart and let's work him, make sure he's prepared and he's trained his body enough to be ready to play."
That's why there was a noticeable silence when Schilens went down after catching the long pass from Campbell. Johnson and safety Tyvon Branch came over to check on their fallen teammate, who jumped to his feet and jogged away before getting checked out by a trainer.
Notes: LG Robert Gallery (ankle), QB Charlie Frye (wrist), DL Richard Seymour (back spasms) and FB Manase Tonga (knee) were held out of practice. ... Veteran tackle Khalif Barnes took reps at left guard in place of Gallery. ... Ex-Raiders lineman Steve Wisniewski, an eight-time Pro Bowl offensive guard, attended practice and then gave a brief speech to the team's current offensive linemen following the workout. ... Rookie DE Lamarr Houston lined up at fullback during goal line drills. Oakland is also experimenting with DE Alex Daniels at fullback.


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Valdez ends whirlwind week back with Phils
Valdez ends whirlwind week back with Phils
He finally got a call from his agent on Friday that he had cleared waivers and was reassigned to Triple-A Lehigh Valley, so he checked out of the hotel and made his way to Allentown, Pa. He was expected to start for the Iron Pigs on Saturday.
But Rollins re-injured his right calf and was placed on the disabled list again before Saturday's game with Boston. So Valdez got another call -- this time to come back to the Majors.
"I don't control that," Valdez said. "I always hoped that I'd stay here. I feel happy to be here."
Phillies manager Charlie Manuel said the team never wanted to see Valdez leave. He was happy with the play of the 31-year-old journeyman infielder, who batted .231 with five RBIs in 11 starts this year.
Manuel said Valdez and Juan Castro will likely share most of the opportunities at shortstop until Rollins is ready to return. Manuel expressed some concern about the durability of the 37-year-old Castro, who has missed time already this season with hamstring and knee injuries.
"I'll use whoever I think is best on that day," Manuel said Saturday. "I'm concerned about Castro. He gets hurt. Valdez is a good option."
That Valdez is even an option came as a surprise to Manuel and general manager Ruben Amaro Jr., who thought Valdez would be claimed. It certainly worked out fortuitously for Philadelphia, who is lacking at infielder depth at the high levels of the Minor Leagues.
"We were fortunate to get him through," Amaro said Saturday. "I'm glad to get him back."
Valdez arrived at the ballpark just before the first pitch on Saturday after traffic delayed his ride.
"There was an accident, too, so we had to go really slow," Valdez said.
Now that he's back, though, he's happy to get another chance to contribute.
"I'm just glad to be here," Valdez said.


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All Android applications categories
Welcome to the unofficial fan app for Britsih-Australian actress Naomi Watts.
This is a must-have app for all fans who want a comprehensive pile of information, all condensed into one place...YOUR POCKET!
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Type: Bug
Status: Closed
Priority: Major
Resolution: Fixed
Affects Version/s: None
Fix Version/s: None
Component/s: None
Estimated Complexity:Moderate
Two methods:
java/util/zip/Deflater public getBytesRead()J
java/util/zip/Deflater public getBytesWritten()J
are introduced by JSE 5, but they are not been implemented by Harmony yet.
Issue Links
- is related to
HARMONY-159 Two JSE 5 methods are not implemented in java.util.zip.Inflator
- Closed
- All
- Comments
- Work Log
- History
- Activity
- Transitions
Hi Paulex,
New changes committed in revision 392984.
Please could you check that the patch has been applied as expected.
George, here goes the the version 2 patch with more tests and documents, as well as some minor changes (copyright year, etc). Pls. try it following these steps:
1. apply 01.158.src.diff on src/main
2. run 02.158.sh to add new test file
3. apply 03.158.test.diff on src/test
Hi Paulex,
An additional patch to address these points would be welcome. I will reopen the issue now.
Best regards,
The codes look fine, thank you, George.
And thank you special for your detailed observation and comments, my comments below:
>> 1) The native source patch code for this issue also made updates to the
Yes, the two patches are relevant, sorry for that, seems the two JIRA should be merged as one, because they need to modify same native files. I shall try to be more considerate later.
>>2) The patch to java/util/zip/Inflater.java does not update the signature of
Yes, you are right again. It's my fault on this.
>>3) I have a gut feeling that there could be more test code for these changes.
I didn't include them because in fact the new methods are only extended version of some original methods, like getTotalIn(), etc, so the behavior should be same except when the total bytes are larger than Integer.MAX_VALUE, but IMHO this case is hard to test(we may need a huge zip file...). But you are right that it still needs more test.
4) The Javadoc comments for the new methods (e.g. getBytesRead) don't contain much explanation. What do you think ?
Because of the same reason above, the Java doc is short, but I guess I should more explicitly declare the relationship between these new methods and the old ones(currently it is just implied by @see)
I'm willing to create another patch to improve the points above. Your comments?
Thanks Paulex,
Applied patches to archive module and to native-src at repo revision 391073.
I have some observations to make on this :
1) The native source patch code for this issue also made updates to the
inflater code which forced me to update inflater.c as well as deflater.c or
otherwise break the build. On closer inspection, it looks like this issue's
patch actually contains code that was intended for
HARMONY-159 (see the updates
to the jclprots.h source). As
HARMONY-158 and HARMONY-159 are so closely
related I am committing the fixes for both at the same time. It would have been
smoother had the patches actually been separate - assuming I have understood
the problem correctly here.
2) The patch to java/util/zip/Inflater.java does not update the signature of
the native method getTotalOutImpl to reflect the change of return type from int
to long. That looks like an ommission. So, instead of ...
private native synchronized int getTotalOutImpl(long handle);
...it looks like it should be ...
private native synchronized long getTotalOutImpl(long handle);
It's minor but I have remedied this in the committed version of
java/util/zip/Inflater.java .
3) I have a gut feeling that there could be more test code for these changes.
What do you think ?
4) The Javadoc comments for the new methods (e.g. getBytesRead) don't contain much explanation. What do you think ?
Please check that the patch was applied as you expected.
Best regards,
The patches are attached, one for java implementation, one for test, and the last for native codes. Pls. note that the native patches include both win.IA32 and linux.IA32, so pls. apply them on level of "native-src" directory.


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New to the Converse Fall line, the All Star Boot celebrates the outdoors and honors Converse's beginnings as a rubber company, originally making boots and shoes for outdoorsmen. Inspired by the iconic Chuck Taylor All Star shoe and with the classic moc toe detailing of work boots, the All Star Boot also features the familiar Chuck Taylor midsole, outsole and leather patch. This shoe has thick boot laces and is crafted in either premium nubuck leather or a combination of waxed canvas and leather.
Check out a second colorway of the Converse Chuck Taylor All Star Classic Boot after the jump.


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Yesterday I followed Mauifrog's 4.3u guide VERY carefully, and downloaded EVERYTHING that I saw needed to be. After I got the "APP PACK.ZIP" done, I thought, "this is awesome!". So, I tried loading an iso from my external USB HDD, but nothing. After thinking for a few seconds, I started freaking out. Did I do something wrong? I thought. So today I've been frantically searching online (practically everywhere, hahah) for a few answers. The HBC works picture-perfect. That's not the complaint (obviously). I've also read a few guides elsewhere, and I think one or two were on this site...? Can't quite remember. Anywhoo, here's my main question.
I have the files for the USB Cfg. Loader on my SD card and I load it through HBC. Well, when I do that, it used to go to a screen, and now, nothing! I've also tried using the USB Loader GX, but that doesn't seem to go too well either... >.>
Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thank you in advance!


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How much more cash do Rory McIlroy and Tiger Woods need?
It is one thing for Rory McIlroy and Tiger Woods to be playing a multimillion-dollar exhibition match in China today, but spare us the nonsense about these two great players "helping" to promote the game in Asia. They are there for the greenbacks — nothing more.
The world Nos 1 and 2 will play 18 holes together at the Jinsha Lake Golf Club in Zhengzhou and then probably disappear from the scene as fast as their private jets will take them.
McIlroy will have flown in overnight from competing, and finishing runner-up, at the BMW Masters event in Shanghai. Woods was due to arrive from Malaysia, where he played in the CIMB Classic in Kuala Lumpur and finished tied fourth, three strokes behind Nick Watney,…


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NOXUBEE COUNTY, Miss. (WCBI) – A Brooksville woman is dead after a head on collision Friday afternoon.
Noxubee County Sheriff Terry Grassaree says, the accident happened on Highway 388 just out side of the Brooksville city limits.
32 year old Kimberly Wells was fatally injured when her Toyota Camry hit head on with a Dodge Charger driven by 21 year old Frederick Tate.
Wells was pronounced dead on the scene due to internal injuries.
Tate was taken to the Noxubee General Hospital with non life threatening injuries and has since been released.
No word yet on how the accident took place.
It remains under investigation.


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UMatter2Us is an open source project. Therefore we welcome any and all to get involved in whatever way they desire. Here are some suggestions:
UMatter2Us is being developed on a volunteer basis. If you find UMatter2Us to be a useful tool, please feel free to make a financial contribution to the project by clicking the "Donate" button to the right.
Test Users
UMatter2Us is designed to support learning communities. If you are a teacher or just someone looking to set up a learning community, please download and install UMatter2Us and give it a try. Once you've done so please give us some feedback in the users forum.
If you are a PHP/Javascript developer, we'd love for you to get involved. Head on over to our Trac site and take a look at the list of open tickets. If you see one that is unassigned, feel free to jump in and knock it out. Submit your updates as a comment on the ticket, and if we like your fix, it will be integrated into the next release.
Support UMatter2Us


text:
Help work to save the rainforests for future generations!
Rainforests cover only 2% of the Earth's surface, yet they are home to 50% of the Earth's plants and animal species. Rainforests are critical in maintaining the Earth's limited supply of drinking and fresh water.
Every second, a slice of rainforest the size of a football field is mowed down. That's 86,400 football fields of rainforest per day, or over 31 million football fields of rainforest each year.
Pledge to support the efforts of The Nature Conservancy and other not-for-profit groups that are working to save the rainforests for future generations!
By signing, you accept Care2's terms of service.
Having problems signing this? Let us know.


text:
High-End Clicks & Mortar?
Last week, specialty consumer-electronics retailer Tweeter Home Entertainment Group jumped into the fray by announcing the formation of a joint venture with Cyberian Outpost, an Internet-only retailer of computer hardware, software, and accessories. The two companies, as exclusive partners, say they will jointly form, market, and brand a new Internet store called email@example.com. The companies claim the new store is "intended to leverage and integrate the core strengths of both parent companies" in its launch as an Internet consumer-electronics retail site in fall 1999.
In the 50-50 joint venture, Tweeter says, it will provide products, training, and marketing, with Outpost.com adding its online e-commerce experience. Additionally, Tweeter reports it has made a $1 million equity investment in Cyberian Outpost, Inc. Tweeter says that it expects its "powerful relationships with top manufacturers, and its merchandising expertise" will be instrumental in obtaining manufacturer authorization to sell higher-end consumer-electronics products over the Internet.
Tweeter's Jeffrey Stone says that "Today, consumer electronics over the Internet is characterized by gray-goods retailers who are tarnishing the price/value equation and offering little, if any, service to the customer. Through this partnership, we intend to establish some benchmarks or standards by which we think that anyone else selling consumer electronics over the Net should live. We have communicated those benchmarks to our vendor partners. Both Tweeter and Outpost.com are intent on entering the Internet consumer electronics space with full authorization from the manufacturers."
Daryl Peck, founder and chairman of Outpost.com, claims that "the long-term winners at selling on the Internet will be those companies who provide a compelling shopping experience and then back it up with pre- and post-sale services. Some of the benchmarks that we support are vendor IMAP policies, providing at least 120 hours per week of live, educated sales support and giving Internet customers the right to return their purchase within 30 days for any reason."


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Brazilian forward Lucio Fernandão was in luck for Olympique de Marseille as his goal gave them a 1-0 victory against RC Strasbourg in Sunday's Ligue 1 fixture.
Only goal
Marseille dominated throughout, but their only goal came when Fernandão's 23rd minute shot, which looked to be going over, hit Strasbourg goalkeeper Nicolas Bonis's foot and went in.
PSG meeting
The victory puts Marseille into fourth place, level on 20 points with Paris Saint-Germain FC and a point behind leaders OGC Nice and AJ Auxerre. PSG host Marseille next weekend.
©Reuters 1998-2010. All rights reserved.


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The TDA7719 is a high performance signal processor specifically designed for car radio applications. The device includes a high performance audioprocessor with fully integrated audio filters and new Soft Step architecture. The digital control allows programming in a wide range of filter characteristics. By the use of BCMOSprocess and liner signal processing low distortion and low noise are obtained.
Key Features
- Offset detectionOffset voltage detection circuit for on-board power amplifier failure diagnosis
- Mute functionsDirect muteDigitally controlled SoftMute with 4 programmable mute-times
- Rear seat selectorFull source selector for rear seat output
- Level meterProvide rectified level voltage of main source signal (before loudness)
- Mixing selector
- Speaker4 independent soft step speaker controls0dB to -79dB with 1dB stepsDirect mute
- Treble2nd order frequency responseCenter frequency programmable in 4 steps-15 to 15dB range with 1dB resolution
- Input multiplexerMultiple input configuration for different application
- Volume+15 dB to -15 dB with 1 dB step resolutionSoft-step control with programmable blend times
- Loudness2nd order frequency responseProgrammable center frequency15 dB with 1 dB stepsSelectable high frequency boostSelectable flat-mode
- Middle2nd order frequency responseCenter frequency programmable in 4 stepsQ programmable 0.5/0.75/1.0/1.25-15 to 15dB range with 1dB resolution
- Subwoofer2nd order low pass filter with programmable cut off frequency2 independent soft step level control,
- Bass2nd order frequency responseCenter frequency programmable in 4 stepsQ programmable 1.0/1.25/1.5/2.0DC gain programmable-15 to 15 dB range with 1 dB resolution


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Ask the Experts
HIV Infection via swallowing blood?Dear Dr. Bob,My husband and I are aid workers in Tanzania, where the prevalence of AIDS is greater than 10% in the city we work (Dar es Salaam). He was involved in a car accident on Friday and the taxi driver's blood went into his mouth. He has no...
Response from Robert J. Frascino, M.D.
The Robert James Frascino AIDS Foundation...HIV-acquisition risk remains extremely slight. There is no indication the cab driver was virally enhanced. You don't mention how much blood landed in your husband's mouth. Most likely it was only a small quantity. There are components in saliva... Read more »
Swallowed BloodDr.Very Quick question. Yesterday I shook hands with some co-workers. As I walked across the... Read more »
Swallowing blood/salivaIs it possible to contract HIV by sawllowing blood and or saliva? When you have no sores or open... Read more »
Delavirdine (Rescriptor)...Delavirdine is inconvenient because it is taken three times a day. It also interacts with some protease inhibitors, changing their blood levels. For these reasons it is not used much any more. There are no absolute rules about when to start ART.... Read more »
Fosamprenavir (Telzir, Lexiva)...700 mg, so you will take 2 tablets at a time. Fosamprenavir can also be taken in various combinations with ritonavir to boost blood levels. The exact dosing depends on whether you have already used any antiviral treatment, or any other protease... Read more »
Systemic Candidiasis...affecting up to 1 in 5 people with AIDS. It often occurs together with thrush. Symptoms include chest pain, nausea and pain when swallowing. The esophagus may become partly blocked by coatings and spots that build up. In rare cases, bad ulcers... Read more »
HIV Transmission...HIV-negative, and avoid giving it to someone else if you are HIV positive. HIV is spread through the following body fluids: Blood (including menstrual blood) Semen and other male sexual fluids ("pre-cum") Vaginal fluids Breast milk ... Read more »
Connect With Others
Posted by worried17, 1 Reply...i pulled a chair to use but mindlessly put my hand in my mouth. even more stupid, i didnt know if there was any blood and may have swallowed. however, 3-5 minutes later, i rinsed my mouth with warm water. if there was blood, there would have been Read more »
Want to give blood but possible infection?
Posted by Anonymous, 1 Reply...I am scheduled to give blood on Nov 30. However, on Nov 23 I was a at party and I meet up with a guy. We went back to his place and ended up kissing for a Read more »
Plz Plz answer
Posted by Anonymous, 2 RepliesIs HIV found in saliva? If it's not then why can they test you through saliva? Read more »
Posted by sadface, 2 RepliesOral sex..if I was to "swallow" does that put me at risk for Hiv?? Thanks all.. Sf Read more »


text:
I can say this:
I had a blast with the DDx1.5 this weekend while camping. Finally got sturdy enough landing gear to ROG from about anywhere. The motor power is just sufficient, not quite good enough at 25°, until the pack warms up... but pre-heat it in the armpit for a few minutes, and it's good to go
Flies great 3D the way I set it up. Sure, I still have it a tad nose heavy, but not so much that it's a pain, and with the current speed, it -just- begins getting pitchy ar full throttle... So I shouldn't touch anything. Hugh alpha is very controllable, to bring it in and drop at your feet.
Really flies like a well behaved Bipe. Makes me wonder I may push this thought some, with some more experimentation Meanwhile, it's a winner! Need to get over to Jer's and do some video, this week.
I'm no aerodynamic expert, but to me it seems it only really needs the lower wing to fly. As long as the lower wing doesn't stall, the elevons keep responding, and the model stays in the air.
I guess the upper wing does stall at a certain high-alpha angle, but it keeps pushing the airflow over the top of the lower wing, preventing a stall.
Since the wingtips of both wings are far apart, there's not so much interference drag as with regular bipes. Therefore it behaves more like a quick racer... (mine did about 75 km/h (47mph).
I've flown her last saturday at our club. First flight was very very pitch sensitive. Brought her in for three chunks of lead in the nose. also connected the pushrods at a lower point on the servo horn. I had throws of about 10mm total, but used only about 10° of servo horn travel. It still could be better.
Lost prop+adapter on launch of the second flight. No speed, no control, stall, bounced on the nose. Firewall cracked (again...) and lipo hatch cracked (again). Luckily no further damage.
Both items will be strengthened by thicker ply this time.
Also need to roughen up the motor shaft, to prevent the propadapter from coming loose.
My 150% Build
Glad to hear everyone is having success flying the new 150%!! As for me, I have begun my build. I may glue in some light ply to the nose (I can access thru the bottom hatch). I built mine a little different. I did not build a battery compartment, but rather a large compartment under the canopy. I still have a small compartment under the front bottom as well, which is secured with a hatch latch. I like the idea of being able to move battery around, etc. to achieve correct balance as opposed to possibly having to add weight. I installed a landing gear which I think will work good, made from carbon rod and music wire threaded/CA's on to the carbon. It appears to be quite sturdy. From my experiences with the 20" version, it comes in with a pretty gentle flare, so it shouldn't need much. I am not planning on 3D'ing this plane (I can't anyway!) but rather for attempting to take up my camera to take some aerial footage. Here are my pictures. Anyone see anything that would keep her from flying? Thanks!
ImagesView all Images in thread
Oh, I also used two carbon rods instead of one in each wing for extra bracing. I wanted this to be a "payload plane" but not am wondering since there is no airfoil in the wing how much lift it will have. I would think with two wings it should have plenty of lift, although the top probably doesn't do a whole lot... My payload hopefully will be a small digital camera to record pics and video...
You could be surprised by how much lift a flat airfoil could produce. (mind you, a flat plate still IS an airfoil...)
A small light digicam should be no problem. (Make sure you don't tape your new Canon EOS400 to it....)
I thought my 20" duplex was heavy, but it flies with ease.
Funny, when I saw the motor/prop recommendations on the DD4 (150%) plan, I was amazed at the difference of intention for the flight envelope I'm sure with the right (nose-heavy) cg, the big'un would fly just as well as the little'un, except... The flat-plate syndrome gets worse, the bigger the chord.
My guess is the big'un would need somewhat more forward cg % than the little'un, due to the lack of wing thickness. I do believe the numbers are true, based on some high and low aspect ratio winged planes I've flown. I see it more on the big'un at less than 1/2 the speed of the little'un, even though the wing is only 50% bigger. But, the little'un is an average chord of ~6", and the big'un ~9", so 3% and 2% thickness. Not being sure what the optimum thickness is... I'd guess about 6%.
By cutting a top plate and bottom plate for each wing, you could thicken it up, and possibly eliminate the other bracing? (spar)... I'd set the LE of the plate about 1" behind the LE of the wing, and end it about 2-3" in front of the TE. I'd be willing to bet it'd tame the pitchiness at higher speed way down... Cutting the LE of the plate on an angle would minimize the drag.
Just some food for thought. I've seen it work on other models!
Prop-er, were you flying the original, or the 150% over the weekend? 47 mph is pretty impressive, especially if it's the bigg'un!! My friend at the field finally got his together and couldn't fly it. His CG was too far back and his throws were WAY too much. I adjusted his rates for him and he tried again, this time he was amazed how much better and how easy it was to fly. 5 members are now building the plane, looks like it's going to be a pretty popular bird!!! How much throw is recommended for the 150%? I thought about making the control surfaces a little bigger, but went with the original plan. I don't plan on flying the way Gene does (at least not yet!!) or I'd bust everything up!!! The new Realflight upgrade has a neat 3d trainer function on it, where you can control just elevator, just rudder, just ailerons, etc. etc. Hopefully that will help me!! I finished taping my wings with the extra strong packing tape, top and bottom of them. Boy, it made a huge difference in the stiffness of the wing. My new Delta should be ready to fly in a day or so... already getting nervous and excited!
I was flying the smaller 20" version. It has a pretty speedy motor.
The recommended throws on the bigger 30" version depends on the speed of the model. If you plan to slowfly it, get all the throws you can get. You can always put a load of expo and dualrate on it to settle it for the first flights.
Finally got together w/ Jer today, after a little bit of Chinese take-out, we played in the wind a little:
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1950s PLASTICVILLE LOG CABIN KIT LC-2 & ORIG BOX
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Wearing several hats as creator and central writer, Lena Dunham introduced us to a cluster of idiosyncratic twenty-somethings in the Golden Globe-winning premiere season of Girls, where the group's only unifying trait seems to be their puzzlement over where their professional and romantic lives are headed. Quirky, sharp, yet endearing scripts get the point across that their mutual frustration seems to be (almost) enough to overcome their differences, even if conflicts routinely spark over their clashing attitudes -- namely Hannah's, the erratic, loose-lipped, promiscuous writer played by Dunham. Instead of getting comfortable with the status quo of its nocuous relationships, Girls takes a leap of faith in its second season by exploring what happens when a rift really drives them all apart, away from each other and away from their significant others. Dunham dials up the self-deprecation, lonesomeness, and instability in her flawed yet curiously engaging follow-up, one that seems more interested in embellishing the characters' destructive traits and unlucky life developments.
The seeds for a gloomier, more detached look at the women's lives were planted at the end of the previous season, which you should see before looking too far into this review. Hannah's quaky relationship with borderline-psychotic carpenter, Adam (Adam Driver), reached new heights following a scene of ambulances and wayward train trips. Marnie (Allison Williams), a cog in the art-world machine who recently broke apart from her living situation with Hannah, was coming to grips with her doting ex, Charlie (Christopher Abbott), quickly landing a new relationship. Sheltered, virginal Shoshanna (Zosia Mamet) indulged the idea of sleeping with the group's abrasive coffee-shop manager, Ray (Alex Karpovsky). And, of course, there's free-spirit Jessa (Jemima Kirke) and her impromptu wedding to a socially-awkward entrepreneur (Chris O'Dowd). Surprisingly, Dunham bravely continues these situations without skipping a beat, picking up relatively soon after the events of the season finale without "righting" any of the wrongs left at the end. The raw wounds and general awkwardness all linger, as relationships often do.
Girls' first season struck a reasonable balance between real-world sexuality, employment, and ambition and presenting it in an elevated-reality sitcom package, from Hannah's struggles with supplementing her penniless writing with odd jobs to Jessa's man-eating and Charlie's obsessive love for Marnie. Perhaps the content hit a little too close to home for some, because Dunham and her creative team have loosened their grip on reality in the second season -- and more often than not, for better or worse, it comes at the expense of keeping some viewers at arm's length. This affords the writers more opportunities for outside-the-box humor, especially with Hannah's shenanigans: she develops an unlikely relationship with a staunch Republican guy (Donald Glover) while shacking up with her gay ex-boyfriend, Elijah (Andrew Rannells), and she opts to seek out hardcore recreational drugs to experience a night of research for work. The writing sacrifices character boundaries and authenticity for sardonic humor, and whether it hits the mark and becomes relatable varies by the episode.
Dunham and her creative crew almost seem to have taken on a challenge: to make every one of the focal girls noticeably less likable and dejected than they already were, a further result of their poor decisions and an inability to comprehend things outside of their egocentric spheres. Unsurprisingly, this chiefly applies to Hannah and her self-destructive tendencies, which were increasingly frustrating come last year's finale. This time around, however, her actions and reactions seem deliberately contentious and trouble-making, not just the byproduct of an inability to see outside her own bubble -- such as consciously inviting two people at-odds with one another to a dinner party, then falling back on a lame excuse. She becomes alienated and depressed as time passes while she tries to capitalize on a coveted writing opportunity, but you can't really blame any of her friends for not wanting to engage her. Dunham's boldness with her appearance, her ability to intelligently lampoon herself, and how she fits Hannah in awkward sexual situations are still capable of provoking shrewd responses through her humiliation, though, despite the more manufactured and pessimistic tempo of the drama this time around, and she deserves some credit for having the stones to go even darker when her childhood condition returns.
Even considering its faults, Girls keeps up with its admirable perspective on the current generation's bout with ambition and insecurity (both personal and financial), chronicling the turbulent transition period between higher education and being "out there". While Hannah deals with her exaggerated range of experiences, the rest of the host of characters tackle the issue on a more grounded level, such as Marnie enduring a "pretty-girl job" beneath her qualification level and world-traveler Jessa being trapped in a hasty marriage born of a misguided desire for security. The show's pointed, awkwardly-dark humor understands how to trigger thoughts about how its scenarios apply to a broad range of lives, and it works because of how articulately these actresses voice the disappointment, confusion, and intermittent sparks of aspiration found in their characters. Again, the series teeters on the brink of breaking its own suspension of disbelief -- Marnie's response to Booth Jonathan's "art"; Hannah's cocaine bender and fling with an underage boy; Jessa's estranged family (with guest appearance by Ben Mendlesohn and Rosanna Arquette) and their rabbit farm -- but the ideas it touches on are conveyed with enough performance validity to take its harder-to-believe situations in stride.
Impressively, the boys on the show continue to be as compelling as the central women, if not more so. The main one I'm talking about here is Adam, of course, the peculiar shirtless carpenter who attends AA meetings and exhibits unusual sexual tastes. While he diverts from the network of central women for a period, several episodes offer a glimpse at his evolving life without Hannah, showing his clumsy metamorphosis within a more "normal" relationship set up by a member of Adam's alcoholics group. Marnie's ex-boyfriend Charlie also sees an intriguing professional shift that presents him as one of the series' most stable and confident players, which has an interesting impact on Marnie's own plummet. But it's not limited to the show's regular guys, either: one of the stronger episodes of this season came with a guest appearance from Patrick Wilson, who plays a wealthy, confident, yet lonely doctor that sees something worthwhile in Hannah after looking at her with "outsider" eyes. The guys' presence doesn't change one's overall impressions of the series' trajectory, but they do inform and enhance what's going on.
Ultimately, the second season of Girls follows a similar tempo of uncomfortable humor and maddening characters that polarized audiences last season, only this time it focuses even less on the bond between the four women and more on guiding the series down a more complex emotional path, their differences and life issues preventing a sense of camaraderie from developing. It's a frustrating dichotomy that's hard to explain: these are people we're not intended to like, really, yet there's something intriguing about watching their highs, lows, and extreme lows, where it's hard to figure out if you're supposed to be rooting for their trainwreck lives to correct themselves or not. And that never really happens, since each opportunity that comes their way is, in one way or another, jeopardized or squandered. Those who weren't sold on this level of eccentric despondency last season won't find anything to convince them otherwise here, and there's plenty here this season to turn away others; however, those seeking a continuation of Hannah's ramshackle journey through adulthood will find more of the same peculiarly cynical humor this time around, and with a surprisingly upbeat-bittersweet conclusion to boot.
The Blu-ray:
Girls: The Complete Second Season arrives from Warner/HBO Home Entertainment in a package that'll appear extremely familiar to those who own the first season: a two-disc foldout package holds each of the color-topped discs, featuring stills of the cast member (without quotes this time around). A thin DVD/Digital Copy presentation also arrives in a slim foldout add-on, and the two fit within a semi-matte slipcase with embossed letters and classy pastel coloring.
Video and Audio:
If you've recently plowed through the first season of Girls on Blu-ray or remember how it looked, then expect a continuation of the same quality, pretty much beat for beat. Shot digitally with a dim, naturalistic vibe, the ten episodes of this season -- five on each disc -- exhibit more complex palette decisions and contrast levels than other shows often do, which HBO/Warner's 1.78:1-framed, 1080p AVC treatments handle extremely well. Black levels stay committed to the aesthetic without losing any details, either in dim sequences within Adam and Hannah's apartments or in nightclubs, while the brighter sequences outdoors or in Ray's coffee shop take the opportunity to really shine in terms of natural skin tones and textile appearance. If you keep your eyes open, you'll spot an interesting texture here or there -- the grain of wood, the weave in a knit hat, the grid pattern of a see-through shirt -- and these HD presentations handle every curve and detail in the darker presentation really well.
It shouldn't come as much of a surprise that the 5.1 Master Audio tracks accompanying Girls rely heavily on dialogue, but that doesn't mean that it doesn't exhibit moments that really shine in clarity and power. Naturally, verbal audibility is paramount when it comes to the success of these tracks, and they certainly don't disappoint: scenes in exterior apartments are clear, centered, and rarely have any issues with upper-end distortion (there are a few points in the episodes that scrape on the upper-end), while other scenes in open-aired coffee shops or echoic workplaces show awareness of the surroundings. The show's music is where most of the muscle gets flexed, though, namely in the ambient tunes that play during parties or events (or in video torture chambers); the bass pounds with respectable force and awareness of the location, while the clarity and surround elements react well to the scenes' purposes. English, French, Spanish, and several other subtitle options are available with the episodes.
Special Features:
The second season of Girls needed to pull out quite a few stops to match the extras from last year's Blu-ray set, but it's made sure not to disappoint fans of the show with the wealth of content available here. Again, several Commentaries have been made available on this disc, for the following episodes: Disc One: It's About Time (Allison Williams and Andrew Rannels), Bad Friend (Director Jesse Peretz), It's a Shame About Ray (Zosia Mamet, Alex Karpovsky, and Jesse Peretz), One Man's Trash (Director Richard Shepard); Disc Two: Video Games (Richard Shepard), On All Fours (Lena Dunham, Producer Jenni Konner), Together (Lena Dunham, Producer Judd Apatow). Dunham keeps a leisurely, unpretentious conversational pace that organically reveals details about her directing an writing techniques, while Richard Shepard takes a structured, insightful approach to his two commentaries as he reveals details about shooting around specific locations. Fans of the show will dig the participation from the cast members for their two episodes, too, as well as Jesse Peretz's comments during the "coke episode".
The commentaries are just the tip o the iceberg. Disc One includes, as one can expect, a solid and insightful Charlie Rose Interview with Lena Dunham (28:54, HD) that reveals the creator/actress' inspiration and drive, leading off with the very simple question "How would you define what you do?" and going from there. Dunham presents herself with assured yet humble effervescence as she describes her perspective on her history and audience, then shifts to elaborating on the series itself and its characters. We've also got this massive Interview With Lena Dunham at the New Yorker Festival (1:25:53, HD) in 2012, conducted by Emily Nussbaum, which takes a more casual yet deeper-digging approach to exploring Dunham's current state. She delves into her creative process and partitioning between being a writer and executive producer, but then she goes into specific (and sometimes graphic) sequences from the show to discuss their meaning and discomfort levels. Furthermore, we've also got a Table Reading for Ep. 5, "One Man's Trash", featuring Patrick Wilson with the other cast members.
Disc Two starts off with a pretty clever take on what might be expected of a featurette with the title: Guys on Girls (18:21, HD) features Lena Dunham sitting around a table with the four primary male cast members, where they offer their own outlook on who their characters are to their creator. They share stories about the audience's reception to their characters, then chat about how improv played a hand in shaping their personalities. Much like it did last season, the Making of Girls: Season Two (15:03, HD) reveals how producer Judd Apatow takes an active role in the creative and refinement process in the show, while snippets of on-set footage, table reads, and further off-hand interviews with Dunham and the crew briefly chronicle the season's conception. There's also a two-part collection of Gag Reels that can be pretty darn funny, as well as three Music (HD) performance for three of the song featured in the series, both direct clips and live performances.
Both discs also have brief three-minute Inside the Episode snippets for each episode, coming out to around thirty-one minutes of total extra material. This is genera press-kit stuff that touches on things featured in each installment, but Dunham's more casual demeanor makes them somewhat worthwhile to watch. Each Blu-ray also has its own Deleted / Extended Scenes for the episodes that appear on each one, and the total deleted material measures up to nearly an hour of clipped material. Also included in this package is a flipper single-disc DVD Copy of the season that contains some of the special features from the HD presentation, such as the commentaries, the table read, and the Guys on Girls featurette.
Final Thoughts:
It's hard to put into words how I feel about Girls: this kinda-comedic glimpse at the lives of four twentysomething women in New York is polished, solidly-written in terms of relating to an audience, and acted extremely well, but the self-critical humor can also be infuriating and uncomfortable to endure at the same time. Lena Dunham's second season takes strides to push the envelope with the latter half of that impression, causing many of the characters -- especially wannabe writer Hannah -- to become even less likable and frustrating through some questionable social and employment decisions. The foundation is still clearly there, being a show about discovering one's identity and following ambition when everything sucks around them (many creatives have been there), yet it's lost some of its original charm by tapping into more awkward relationship scenarios and bleaker quasi-drama. It's still fairly challenging and engaging television, though, with a few standout episodes, and this Blu-ray from Warner/HBO is stacked with extras and exceptional audiovisual renderings of the episodes themselves. Fans will relish the set, and those who enjoyed the previous season should find something to enjoy here. Lukewarm Recommendation.


text:
The UA's report card for its 58-21 road loss at Arizona State
Quarterbacks: D-: Saturday night's game was one of B.J. Denker's worst this season. The senior, one week after a brilliant performance against Oregon, completed just 15 of 30 passes for 175 yards. He didn't throw any touchdowns and was intercepted three times. His third quarter interception was the most damaging. Damarious Randall picked Denker off and returned it 64 yards for a touchdown. At that time, the UA was down just 16 and driving to score. It was Denker's first three-interception game of the season. He did manage to rush for 87 yards and a touchdown on 15 carries in the lopsided loss.
Running backs: B: Ka'Deem Carey got his yards, rushing for 157 yards and a touchdown on 32 attempts. But he had just 23 yards on six carries in the first quarter when the UA offense had trouble getting going. The Arizona State defensive line had its way early with the UA's offense line and was often in the backfield before Carey had a chance to do anything. The junior was a beast on Arizona's first drive of the second half when the Wildcats cut it to 16, but didn't get much help after that. Carey went over 4,000 career yards in the loss and had his 15th straight 100-yard game.
Wide receivers: C-: This group didn't have any glaring mistakes, but also didn't do much to help out Denker. Garic Wharton, who had been very quiet in recent weeks, had a surprisingly active game with four catches for 76 yards. Trey Griffey was also solid for the third straight week with four catches for 59 yards. Freshmen Nate Phillips and Samajie Grant, who were both big parts of the passing attack this season, combined for four catches for just 19 yards.
Offensive line: D: ASU's defensive line and linebackers were all over the UA's front five. The Sun Devils had eight tackles for loss and the UA's line had trouble blocking linebacker Carl Bradford had four tackles for loss and a sack in the win. Twice in the second quarter, Carey was stuffed on fourth-and-1 and both times had nowhere to run when he got the ball from Denker. Coming off its strongest performance of the season, Saturday against the Sun Devils is surely a performance this group would like to have back.
Front six: C- End Sione Tuihalamaka had three sacks, but most came after ASU quarterback Taylor Kelly did most of his damage. The front six had trouble containing sophomore running back D.J. Foster, who was filling in for starter Marion Grice (leg injury). Foster had 124 yards on 23 carries and added two touchdowns. Kelly often had too much time to throw, despite an unimpressive line of 12 for 25 for 274 yards, two touchdowns and one interception. This group was hurt by the fact that five of ASU's drives started in UA territory.
Back five: C-: Surrendering big passing plays was again a problem for the UA's secondary. Jaelen Strong had a 61-yard touchdown catch and also had a 50-yard haul in the second quarter. Kelly also found Darwin Rogers for a 38-yard score. Kelly didn't complete a lot of passes on this group, but the ones he did went for good chunks of yards. Cornerback Jonathan McKnight had a meaningless interception late. Safety Tra'Mayne Bondurant finished 1 ½ tackles for loss, but didn't seem like a huge factor.
Special teams: D-: It was a pretty ugly performance from the special teams unit for the second time in three games. Drew Riggleman had a 12-yard punt in the first quarter, which gave ASU great field position early. He finished with an average of 41.2 yards per punt, but the 12-yarder is what will stick out. Jake Smith attempted only one field goal, a 42-yarder, but missed it left. Rich Rodriguez said after the game, he wished he would have gone for it, rather than try a field goal. Daniel Jenkins fumbled on a kickoff return in the second half.


text:
Instrumental Variable Estimation of Nonparametric Models
In econometrics there are many occasions where knowledge of the structural relationship among dependent variables is required to answer questions of interest. This paper gives identification and estimation results for nonparametric conditional moment restrictions. We characterize identification of structural functions as completeness of certain conditional distributions, and give sufficient identification conditions for exponential families and discrete variables. We also give a consistent, nonparametric estimator of the structural function. The estimator is nonparametric two-stage least squares based on series approximation, which overcomes an ill-posed inverse problem by placing bounds on integrals of higher-order derivatives. Copyright The Econometric Society 2003.
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Volume (Year): 71 (2003)
Issue (Month): 5 (09)
Pages: 1565-1578
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Vending in the field of chewing gum, candy and snacks; vending machine services; distributorship services in the field of vending products, namely chewing gum, candies and snacks
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text: Matthew Brecknell wrote: > The key point of the example is that foldl itself doesn't need any of > the intermediate values of the accumulator, so these just build up into > a deeply-nested unevaluated thunk. When print finally demands an > integer, the run-time pushes a stack frame for each level of parentheses > it enters as it tries to evaluate the thunk. Too many parentheses leads > to a stack overflow. Of course, the solution to the example is to use What is the point in building this huge thunk if it can't be evaluated without a stack overflow? Could the runtime do partial evaluation to keep the thunk size down or would that cause semantic breakage? Joe Buehler


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