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In cell line and animal models, sweet and bitter tastants induce secretion of signaling peptides (e.g., glucagon-like peptide-1 and cholecystokinin) and slow gastric emptying (GE). Whether human GE and appetite responses are regulated by the sweetness or bitterness per se of ingested food is, however, unknown. We aimed to determine whether intragastric infusion of "equisweet" (Study A) or "equibitter" (Study B) solutions slow GE to the same extent, and whether a glucose solution made sweeter by the addition of saccharin will slow GE more potently than glucose alone. Healthy nonobese subjects were studied in a single-blind, randomized fashion. Subjects received 500-ml intragastric infusions of predetermined equisweet solutions of glucose (560 mosmol/kgH2O), fructose (290 mosmol/kgH2O), aspartame (200 mg), and saccharin (50 mg); twice as sweet glucose + saccharin, water (volumetric control) (Study A); or equibitter solutions of quinine (0.198 mM), naringin (1 mM), or water (Study B). GE was evaluated using a [13C]acetate breath test, and hunger and fullness were scored using visual analog scales. In Study A, equisweet solutions did not empty similarly. Fructose, aspartame, and saccharin did not slow GE compared with water, but glucose did (P < 0.05). There was no additional effect of the sweeter glucose + saccharin solution (P > 0.05, compared with glucose alone). In Study B, neither bitter tastant slowed GE compared with water. None of the solutions modulated perceptions of hunger or fullness. We conclude that, in humans, the presence of sweetness and bitterness taste per se in ingested solutions does not appear to signal to influence GE or appetite perceptions.
- taste
- gastrointestinal tract
- bitter
- sweet
nutrient-induced gut-to-brain signaling plays a major role in the control of mammalian digestive function, appetite, and energy intake (38). These effects are mediated by a number of interrelated factors, including the modulation of gastric emptying (GE) (46) and gastrointestinal transit (1, 4, 10, 15, 16), and the release from enteroendocrine cells of a number of signaling peptides, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (17, 23, 24), peptide YY (PYY) (2, 32), and cholecystokinin (CCK) (35). These peptides signal to the central nervous system (CNS), particularly the brain stem and hypothalamus, via the vagus nerve and the bloodstream, and lead to the modulation of GE. However, although these target organ effects are well recognized, the precise sensing and signaling mechanism(s) by which the gut detects the chemical composition of ingested foods, and thereby induces signaling to the CNS to modulate gastrointestinal function and energy intake, are poorly defined.
The GE of hexose sugars has traditionally been regarded to be dependent on the osmolality of the ingested test meal (9, 19). However, differences between the GE of equiosmolar solutions of glucose and fructose have been reported (9, 13, 31), suggesting that sugar(hexose)-specific effects also occur. Thus the role of osmolality may be overstated and be a proxy for sugar-specific effects (37) and their potency at the relevant sensor. It is also known that sodium chloride slows GE less potently than an equiosmolar solution of glucose (18). Therefore, it seems far more likely that sugars are also being specifically sensed by the upper gut, independently of their luminal concentration.
The recent demonstration of "taste receptor" expression in the gastrointestinal tract raises the possibility that the upper gut may be able to sense, and then induce, gut-to-brain signaling responses to the "taste" of ingested food. Sweet taste receptors (T1R2 and T1R3), bitter taste receptors (T2Rs), and α-gustducin, a G protein involved in taste signal transduction, have recently been reported to be expressed in enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine and colon of humans and animals (8, 41, 42, 48, 51, 52). Coexpression of α-gustducin with T1R2 and T1R3 has been demonstrated in the mouse duodenum (29), and α-gustducin is expressed in enteroendocrine I cells, which secrete CCK (47), and in L cells of the distal small intestine, which secrete GLP-1 and PYY (42).
Evidence that the mammalian gastrointestinal tract may be able to sense sweetness comes from studies in cell lines, and animal models. In a human L cell line (NCI-H716), glucose and sucralose (a noncaloric sweetener) induce GLP-1 secretion, an effect blocked by the sweet taste receptor antagonist lactisole, and, in vivo, the stimulation of GLP-1 secretion in response to intragastric infusion was abolished in α-gustducin null mice (21). These observations suggest that sweetness per se, as well as the molecular structure or osmolality of the ingested sugar, could initiate gut-to-brain signaling responses by releasing gut signaling peptides, activating vagal afferent neurons, and inducing a CNS-mediated feedback inhibition of GE and appetite. Therefore, if sweetness per se were sensed in the gastrointestinal tract, then infusion of "equisweet" solutions of nutrient, and artificial, sweeteners (administered directly to the upper gut to bypass lingual taste receptors) may be expected to exert similar effects on GE and appetite. A recent study in humans has demonstrated that a sucralose solution, matched for sweetness to sucrose, has no effect on GE or GLP-1 secretion (27); it is, however, unknown whether solutions of hexose sugars matched for sweetness will exert equivalent effects on GE.
There is also evidence from animal studies that the gastrointestinal tract may be able to sense the bitterness of ingested food. For example, the bitter tastant denatonium benzoate has been reported to induce CCK secretion from an enteroendocrine cell line (STC-1) (5), and to slow GE and induce conditioned flavor aversion, when infused intragastrically to rats (12). Furthermore, intragastric gavage of mice with bitter agonists increases c-fos expression in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of the brain stem. This effect is abolished following vagotomy, and, at least for the bitter tastant denatonium benzoate is dependent on CCK1 and Y2 receptors (14). However, although it has been reported that sham feeding with a bitter tastant slows GE in humans (50), it is not yet known whether intraintestinal bitter tastants slow human GE.
Bitter tasting is of further interest since a common genetic variant exists in humans, with some otherwise healthy individuals unable to report oral phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) as tasting bitter (22). Those bitter tastants that can safely be administered to the human gastrointestinal tract in adequate quantities (e.g., quinine and naringin) have also been reported to be rated less bitter by those who cannot taste PTC compared with those who can (6, 7). This raises the possibility that genotypic differences in responsiveness to bitter tastants might also exist in the gastrointestinal tract.
Taken together, these findings raise the possibility that the gastrointestinal tract may be able to sense and respond to sweetness and bitterness per se. In intact humans, it is not feasible to directly study gastrointestinal taste receptor activation; therefore, we determined whether nutrients that are perceived by the taste receptors in the tongue as being equally sweet or bitter would have equivalent effects on GE and perceptions of hunger and fullness. As the medulla houses the sensory (NTS) and motor nuclei responsible for relaying vago-vagal enteric circuits, as well as signaling to higher centers, the determination of changes in GE permits an integrated measure of gut-brain signaling activity.
The aim of the current study was, therefore, to establish whether substances perceived to taste equally sweet or bitter by lingual taste receptors would have equivalent effects on gut-to-brain signaling responses in humans, i.e., whether ingested nutrients slow GE in a manner related to their taste. More specifically, our objectives were to evaluate the following hypotheses: 1) that, if the regulation of GE and appetite by the upper gastrointestinal tract is mediated by the detection of the sweetness or bitterness per se of ingested nutrients, then intragastric delivery of, "equisweet" or "equibitter" solutions would influence GE to a similar extent, independently of their chemical identity, and 2) that a glucose solution, made sweeter by the addition of the nonhexose sweet tastant saccharin, would slow GE more potently than either glucose or saccharin alone.
Twenty healthy subjects [10 for Study A, 12 for Study B (2 subjects participated in both arms of the study), 8 male, 12 female, mean age: 29 (range 19–60) yr, body mass index: 23.7 (1.3) kg/m2] were recruited from the staff and student population of Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust. Subjects had no history of gastrointestinal symptoms or disease and were not on any medications known to affect gastrointestinal function, sensation, or appetite. Subjects were screened to determine whether they were "tasters" or "nontasters" of the bitter agonist PTC using PTC-impregnated blotting paper strips (Precision Laboratories, Norfolk, UK). Studies were conducted at 0900 after an overnight fast from 2200. Subjects provided informed, written consent before their enrolment in the study, approval for which had been granted by the Salford and Trafford Local Research Ethics Committee. All studies were carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
d-(+)-Glucose, d-(−)-fructose and quinine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Gillingham, UK), saccharin from ACROS Organics (Fischer Scientific, Leicestershire, UK), aspartame from König and Wiegant (Dusseldorf, Germany), and naringin from Frutarom (Billingham, UK).
Determining the "Sweetness" and "Bitterness" of the Solutions
Solutions were prepared using water containing sucrose, glucose, and fructose (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 M), saccharin [50 (0.27 μM), 100 (0.55 μM), 200 (1.1 μM), 300 (1.6 μM) and 400 (2.2 μM) mg], and aspartame [100 (0.34 μM), 200 (0.67 μM), 300 (1.01 μM) and 400 (1.36 μM) mg] in 500 ml. A 1 M sucrose solution was prepared as a "benchmark" against which to rate the other solutions (45).
Subjects were familiarized with the 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaire on which they would rate the sweetness, pleasantness, and intensity of the solutions. The VAS was anchored on the left with the term "not at all" and on the right with "extremely." Subjects were instructed to taste and spit the water sample, which they were told was the least sweet that they would expect to encounter during the test and should receive a score of zero for sweetness. They were then asked to taste and spit the 1 M sucrose solution, which they were told was the sweetest that they would expect to encounter during the session and should receive a score of 10 (45). Subjects then tasted and scored each of the solutions listed above, in a single-blind, randomized fashion. This process was repeated for each subject, and the average of the two trials was used to construct a graph of sweetness ratings (Fig. 1A), which was used to determine the concentrations at which solutions of glucose, fructose, aspartame, and saccharin were equisweet. The resulting concentrations were equivalent to a score of 5 out of 10 for sweetness. Once these concentrations were determined, a group of subjects repeated this procedure to validate that the prepared solutions received a score of 5 out of 10 (Fig. 1B). The solution of glucose + saccharin was constructed so that is was rated twice as sweet as the glucose or the saccharin alone.
Solutions consisting of water and 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mM of quinine or naringin were prepared. Ratings of bitterness were scored by 20 subjects following the protocol described above, and a graph of bitterness ratings was created (Fig. 2A), which was used to determine the concentrations at which solutions of quinine and naringin were equibitter. A line was drawn through the point at which the highest concentration of naringin tested (score 5 out of 10) was equivalent to that of quinine (concentrations at which we did not expect the bitter tastants to induce nausea). Because this fell slightly below the lowest concentration of quinine we had tested, we extrapolated a value of 0.198 mM quinine. This concentration of quinine was then tested in relation to 1 mM naringin to verify that this concentration was indeed equally bitter to that of naringin, which was demonstrated to be the case (Fig. 2B). There was no significant difference in ratings of bitterness between PTC tasters and nontasters.
Test Meals for GE Studies
Study A.
The test meals consisted of 500 ml equisweet solutions of glucose (560 mosmol/kgH2O, ∼201 kcal), fructose (290 mosmol/kgH2O, ∼105 kcal), saccharin [50 mg (0.2 μM)], and aspartame [200 mg (0.67 μM)] and a twice as sweet solution consisting of glucose + saccharin [560 mosmol/kgH2O and 50 mg (0.2 μM), respectively].
Study B.
The test meals consisted of equibitter solutions of the bitter tastants naringin (1 mM) and quinine (0.198 mM).
In both studies, a meal of 500 ml water was also used to control for intragastric volume. The osmolality of the hexose test meals (mosmol/kgH2O) was confirmed using an osmometer (Cyroscopic osmometer OSMOMAT 030, Gonotec, Germany). This was not necessary for saccharin, aspartame, naringin, or quinine since none of these exceeded 1 mM, so can have no biologically relevant osmolality. All meals were infused at room temperature.
Assessment of GE
Each meal was labeled with 100 mg [13C]sodium acetate, used as a marker for GE (CK Gas Products). [13C]acetate is absorbed only after it is emptied from the stomach; hence, the rate of appearance of 13CO2 in the systemic circulation, and thereafter in expired air, closely corresponds to the rate of GE (43). End-expiratory breath samples were collected at 5-min intervals over a period of 45 min. On each occasion, the subject breathed through a mouthpiece to collect an end-expiratory breath sample in a 100-ml foil bag, which was then sealed with a plastic stopper and stored for later analysis. Breath samples were analyzed by nondispersive infrared spectroscopy using an isotope ratio mass spectrophotometer (IRIS; Wagner Analysen Technik, Bremen, Germany). This enabled evaluation of the isotopic composition of carbon in the expired CO2 by determination of the 13C-to-12C ratio in the sample (25). Although not a direct measure of GE, parameters obtained from 13C-labeled breath tests show an excellent correlation when compared with the "gold standard" scintigraphy method (26, 36). This technique therefore provides a simple, noninvasive, and repeatable biomarker of the activation state of gut-to-brain signaling.
Assessment of Hunger, Fullness, and Symptoms
Validated VAS questionnaires to assess perceptions of hunger and fullness, and any symptoms, e.g., bloating and nausea (34), were completed at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 45 min. Each VAS evaluated a sensation on a 100-mm horizontal line, where 0 mm represented "sensation not felt at all" and 100 mm "sensation felt the greatest." Subjects were asked to indicate how they were feeling at that particular time by placing a vertical mark on the line. Other perceptions, such as anxiety and drowsiness, were also assessed to distract from the main purpose of the questionnaire, but were not evaluated.
Effect of Sweetness on GE
Ten subjects each attended the laboratory on six occasions. Subjects were reclined in a relaxed semirecumbent (45°) position in an armchair or on a hospital bed, and a nasogastric feeding tube was positioned with its distal tip in the stomach. Before infusion of the test meal, a basal, end-expiratory, breath sample was collected. Immediately following this, subjects received a bolus intragastric infusion of the equisweet 500-ml test meals, consisting of glucose, fructose, saccharin, aspartame, water, or the "hyper-sweet" solution of glucose with added saccharin, in a single-blind, randomized fashion.
Effects of Bitterness on GE
Twelve subjects each attended the laboratory on three occasions. The study protocol described for Study A was repeated; however, subjects received intragastric infusions of equibitter solutions of quinine, naringin, or water.
Data and Statistical Analysis
GE data are displayed as raw values over time and areas under the curve (AUCs). AUCs of the GE data were calculated using the trapezoidal rule. VAS data are presented as change from baseline values, over time. GE data were analyzed comparing AUC values using repeated-measures ANOVA with treatment as a factor, and VAS scores were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA with time and treatment as factors. Post hoc paired comparisons, corrected for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni's correction, were performed if ANOVAs revealed effects. Data are displayed as mean values (SE). Statistical significance was accepted at P < 0.05.
The study protocol was well tolerated. No subjects reported being able to orally taste the infused solutions. Intragastric administration of the sweet and bitter solutions was not associated with any gastrointestinal adverse effects. Two subjects were excluded from the analysis in Study A because they reported nausea on the water infusion day.
Study A
We were unable demonstrate an effect of sweetness alone in the regulation of GE (Fig. 3, A and B). Although glucose slowed GE when compared with water (P = 0.03), equisweet solutions of fructose (P = 0.15) and the artificial sweeteners aspartame (P = 0.24) and saccharin (P = 1.0) did not.
A solution made to be twice as sweet as either glucose or saccharin alone had no additional effect on GE when compared with glucose alone (P = 0.11) (Fig. 4).
There was an effect of time, but no differential effect of any treatment, on perceptions of hunger or fullness (Fig. 5, A and B). Hunger decreased, and fullness increased, following all of the intragastric infusions (including the water), with scores returning toward baseline over the duration of the study.
Study B
We were unable to demonstrate an effect of bitterness alone on the rate of GE (P = 0.97) (Fig. 6, A and B). Naringin and quinine emptied from the stomach at the same rate as water. Upon dividing the subgroups post hoc, there was also no effect of PTC taster status on the rate of GE (P = 0.46), and no interaction between treatment and PTC taster status (P = 0.91) (Fig. 6C).
There was an effect of time, but no differential effect of treatment, on perceptions of hunger and fullness (Fig. 7, A and B). Hunger decreased, and fullness increased, following the intragastric infusions (including the water), with scores returning toward baseline over the duration of the study. Intragastric infusion of quinine and naringin did not induce nausea (Fig. 7C).
This study has demonstrated that, when administered directly in the human upper gut to bypass the activation of lingual taste receptors, equisweet tasting solutions do not have equivalent effects on the rate of GE. In our study, although the glucose solution slowed GE, neither the fructose, nor the artificial sweetener solutions, did so, despite tasting similarly sweet. Similarly, infusion of equibitter tastants in the stomach had no effect on GE or appetite in either PTC tasters or nontasters. Therefore, the sweetness and bitterness taste per se of ingested nutrient solutions does not appear to be the principal recognition mechanism responsible for the regulation of GE or perceptions of hunger and fullness in humans.
Previous studies have established that the regulation of GE by hexose sugars is modulated by both the osmolality and the hexose composition of the ingested meal (9, 20, 30, 49). If a further factor by which hexose sugars were to signal to slow GE was according to their sweetness of taste, it would be predicted that fructose [which is ∼2 times sweeter than glucose (3)] would empty from the stomach more slowly than an equiosmotic solution of glucose. Studies have demonstrated that fructose does empty from the stomach differently to glucose (9, 31). We have also recently demonstrated that a 250 mosmol/kgH2O solution of fructose does indeed slow GE more potently than an equiosmotic solution of glucose, at least in some individuals (13). However, as the osmolality was increased to 500 mosmol/kgH2O, both glucose and fructose slowed GE similarly, despite the fact that the differences in sweetness remained (13). In the current study, to match for sweetness, the glucose meal was approximately two times the osmolality of the fructose meal, and this is likely to explain the differences in GE between the two hexose meals despite sweetness equivalence.
If the presence of sweetness taste per se in the upper gut played an important role in gut-to-brain signaling in humans, it would be expected that nonnutrient sweeteners, such as saccharin, sucralose, and aspartame, which activate T1R2/T1R3 receptor signaling in the tongue (33), would also slow GE. In a human L cell line, NCI-H716, the artificial sweetener sucralose has been reported to induce GLP-1 secretion (21). However, in the current study, neither saccharin nor aspartame had any effect on GE despite both being as sweet as the two hexose meals. These negative observations match the results of recent studies in animals (11) in which sucralose was found to have no effect on gastric inhibitory peptide or GLP-1 release, and a human study (27) that demonstrated that sucralose had no effect on GE or GLP-1 secretion. One potential criticism of the use of aspartame is that it may not have presented an adequate stimulus to the sweet receptors in the intestine since it would be digested in the gut to its constitutive, nonsweet, amino acids. However, saccharin, which is not metabolized, and only slowly absorbed from the small intestine, thus maintaining its sweet characteristics in the small intestinal lumen (39, 40), also showed no effect.
A role for sweet taste receptor-mediated pathways in glucose transport has also been reported (29), with receptor activation increasing expression of the enterocyte sodium-glucose cotransporter, SGLT1, an effect absent in both α-gustducin and T1R3-deficient mice. In perfused rat jejunum, sweet tastants (including nonnutrient sweeteners), also increase the expression of the glucose transporter GLUT 2 and the rate of glucose absorption (28). Such an increase in the rate of glucose absorption could influence the rate of GE by modulating signaling from the lumen. However, in the current study, the addition of saccharin to glucose, to increase the sweetness of the meal, had no additional delaying effect on GE when compared with glucose alone.
Administration of the bitter tastants, quinine and naringin, to the gastrointestinal tract at a concentration that tasted very bitter when placed in the mouth, also failed to affect GE. This is in contrast to studies in rats, in which intragastric infusion of denatonium benzoate (DB) at a concentration of 10 mM slowed GE (12), and both PTC and DB increased c-fos expression in the NTS (14). For our human studies, we were limited as to the amount, and type, of bitter tastant that we could administer in the gut, since we did not want to induce nausea or produce toxic effects; thus, the concentrations we administered were lower than those used in animal studies. The animal responses could therefore reflect either nonspecific effects of the tastants at the much higher doses used, or a species-specific difference.
Twenty five T2Rs are encoded by the human genome, and while the ligands for some are well characterized, e.g., the receptor for PTC (hT2R38) (41), the precise nature of the receptors to which quinine and naringin bind is unclassified, so it cannot be ruled out that the specific bitter receptor transcripts responsive to them are absent from the human small intestine. There is also evidence from animal studies that different bitter agonists have different effects on gut-to-brain signaling. For example, the bitter agonist DB has been reported to induce CCK secretion from enteroendocrine STC-1 cells (5). Also, in mice, gavage with PTC and DB increases c-fos expression in the NTS of the brain stem, an effect that is abolished following vagotomy, and for DB, but not PTC, is dependent on CCK1 and Y2 receptors (14). It is possible that both quinine and naringin, like PTC, have effects on T2Rs in the small intestinal lumen that are independent of CCK and PYY receptor activation; therefore, our physiological "read-out" of vagal afferent signaling (i.e., slowed GE) was unable to detect an effect. Nevertheless, our results demonstrate that the presence of an orally bitter tastant in the gut is, in itself, insufficient to stimulate this gastrointestinal response.
We found no effect of either bitter or sweet tastants on hunger or fullness, or nausea and bloating. The observed a decrease in hunger, and increase in fullness, following all of the intragastric infusions, including water, presumably because of the increased intragastric volume activating mechanosensitive afferents (44).
Perspectives and Significance
The results of this clinical physiological study do not support a role for the sweetness or bitterness taste of a meal in mediating the GE or hunger/fullness responses induced by ingested nutrients in humans. However, we cannot, of course, exclude the possibility that sweetness and bitterness per se may influence the release of gut peptides or other aspects of gastrointestinal function. It has been suggested that the activation of taste receptors in the gut would provide a means of targeting supplements for use in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes by modulating gut-brain signaling (8). Our results, however, imply that the addition of artificial sweeteners or bitter agonists to food is unlikely to provide health benefits for the regulation of GE.
T. Little was supported by an Overseas Clinical Research Postdoctoral Training Fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. The study was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Diet and Health Research Industry Club programme.
We thank John Blundell and Dr. Eleanor Bryant of the Biopsychology Research Group, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, for assistance in developing the questionnaires and protocol for rating sweet and bitter taste and Annie Herbert (University of Manchester) for statistical advice.
- Copyright © 2009 the American Physiological Society


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My friend John Kampfner (I want to vote for a progressive Labour platform. So I'm backing the Lib Dems, 9 March) is amnesic and myopic. His memory of Labour "changes for the better" omits the highest level of employment in UK history, the massive increases in NHS, education, science and overseas development investment, child and pension tax credits, and several other large contributions to social justice.
He evades the current reality of a government fighting against recession instead of fatalistically surrendering to it as the Tories did in the 80s and 90s, and will – if they get the chance – in a future of nominal market regulation. He ignores the future choice between Labour's measured halving of public debt over four years and the Conservative fiscal slicing "from day one", despite the expert warnings that such a course would inflict economic recession and social regression.
And then, having recognised the reality that Margaret Thatcher's best result was won with 44% of the vote because the rest of the electorate was divided (mainly) between Labour and SDP/Liberals, John campaigns for Liberal votes in 2010 – not tactically, but everywhere! No anti-tribalism can justify that inconsistency – especially when "a more pluralist politics" is only realistically likely to come through implementation of Labour's proposals for the alternative vote.
John Kampfner calls the memory and values of Robin Cook in aid. Robin was an inveterate, lifelong opponent of dilettante self-indulgence and always a principled, gutsy democratic socialist, never a sunshine soldier. He would see John Kampfner's "platform" as a scaffold, not a launch pad, for progressives.
Neil Kinnock
Labour, House of Lords
• Jackie Ashley is right that our politics traditionally polarises at a national level (Do right for politics, Nick. Refuse to enter a coalition, 8 March). But I think it's wrong to suggest this is somehow "the English way". It's well known that the voting system favours the bigger parties. And indeed I've heard Labour and Tory candidates together clearly sharing their desire to keep the Lib Dems out.
But the fact that the pragmatic English voter recognises this and votes accordingly doesn't mean it's in our genes: look at the dozens of councils across the country, like Camden, where parties work well together locally – flexibly, both respecting and challenging each other's views. Nick Clegg's position should be similarly challenging and flexible, to represent the new politics essential to our times – which even the English will eventually enjoy.
Cllr Chris Naylor
Liberal Democrat cabinet member for homes and housing strategy, Camden
• The Lib Dems may be many things, but anyone living in Camden or Brent will be surprised to hear them called progressive. In both boroughs they have run the council since 2006 with support from the Tories, cutting and privatising services and hiking up charges on essentials like rubbish collection and meals on wheels.
Lib Dem Camden's latest brainwave is to auction off council homes to speculators, who then make huge profits by "flipping" them weeks later. Hardly a progressive solution to solving the chronic overcrowding many families face. They are also cutting funding to UK Online centres by more than four-fifths, hurting those who can't afford a computer.
These may be tawdry details compared with the lofty goals of foreign policy or human rights, but they make a real difference to the quality of life or the poorest and most vulnerable in our community.
Mike Katz
Chair, Hampstead & Kilburn Labour party
• How should the liberally minded left vote at the general election? Labour loyalists tell me to vote Labour as any alternative will in most cases let a Tory in. While this may be true, it is hardly a positive reason to vote for a party. John Kampfner's answer is to vote Liberal Democrat. At least his reasons are positive. However, I'm not quite sure that we are ready for that yet. An alternative is suggested by Polly Toynbee's article (This once-in-a-generation bill could define the election, 9 March). If this government ensures the constitutional reform and governance bill – with its provision for an AV referendum – gets through, we'll vote Labour. If the bill fails from lack of Labour support, we'll vote for the Liberal Democrats.
Arthur Gould
Loughborough, Leicestershire


text: When I woke up this morning my knee was killing me. Lately I've been running a mile or 2 each night and also running steps at the local hs stadium. It feels tight. It hurts when I bend my leg back. Also there is a tightness feeling around the knee cap. For instance if you were to put your index fingers together and your thumbs together and then placed that on top of the knee you get the picture of the area thats feeling tight. I went out today and played some light basketball and it didn't hurt, but it popped a lot, as if I were cracking my knuckles. I'm interested in knowing what it might be like if it's over use or if it could be something more serious like tendinitis. All incite is appreciated.


text:
List of repositories | List of collections at Gwent Archives | Repository home page | Contact details
Reference code(s): GB 0218 CRB.T.T.9
Held at: Gwent Archives
Title: New Passage Turnpike Trust Records
Short Title: New Passage Turnpike Trust records
Creation date(s): 1789-1892
Level of description: Fonds
Extent: (Information to be supplied)
Name of creator(s): New Passage Turnpike Trust
Administrative/Biographical history: Private Acts of Parliament created Turnpike Trusts which comprised a group of trustees, usually members of the local gentry, administering funds provided by subscribers or tally holders to improve and maintain roads and collect tolls for their use. In 1836, a Government inquiry recommended that Turnpike Trusts be wound up, but those still in debt to their subscribers remained in existence into the 1880s, handing their responsibilities to Highways Boards funded by the rates.
Scope and content/abstract: New Passage Turnpike Trust records, 1789-1892.
Language/scripts of material: English
System of arrangement:
Conditions governing access: No restrictions
Conditions governing reproduction: Usual copyright regulations apply.
Finding aids: A hard copy of the catalogue is available in Gwent Record Office.
Appraisal, destruction and scheduling information: All records deposited at Gwent Record Office have been retained.
Accruals: Accruals are not expected
Archival history:
Immediate source of acquisition: Source not recorded
Related material: Further records are Gwent Record Office, D396/120-130 and D25
Note: Title supplied from contents of fonds
Archivist's note: Compiled by Richard Burman for the ANW project. The following sources were used in the compilation of this description: Gwent Record Office, New Passage Turnpike Trust, catalogue; Hey, David, Oxford Dictionary of Local and Family History, (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1997).
Rules or conventions: This description follows ANW guidelines based on ISAD(G) second edition, AACR2, and LCSH
Date(s) of descriptions: September 2005
List of repositories | List of collections at Gwent Archives | Repository home page | Contact details


text: I played a ladder match Monday evening against a peculiar opponent. I should have realized this when I found him smoking a cigarette while waiting at the court for me. I had fun and did not have any complaints, but he did several things that I'm guessing posters on this forum would not approve of. (1) We did not wam up with mini-tennis. Instead, he started blasting groundstrokes at full speed. (While I personally do not like mini-tennis, I do like to ease into the warmup). (2) He caught one ball that was clearly beyond the baseline. I had no problem with it. (3) He took extended breaks at changeover to smoke. I didn't want to be a dick and rush him, so we just chatted a while between games. But we made up for time by not taking any breaks during some changeovers. (4) He never called out the score before his serve. Eventually I started doing it for him, and then one time during a long game where we had about ten deuce points, he asked me to stop b/c it was obvious what the score was! Again, I still had fun (it didn't hurt that I won rather easily, mostly because he was an extremely hard hitter with very low accuracy), but thought he would be the type of player to give some people on this forum fits!


text:
Two female street sweepers may have been crushed to death by a commercial bus on Friday in Aba.
Mr. Rabiu Dayi, Aba Police Area Commander told newsmen that someone called to inform him about the incident. Dayi, an Assistant Commissioner of Police, however, said he had yet to get full details of the incident.
An eye witness under condition of anonymity told NAN that the victims, Oluchi Onyembi and Chioma Onyembi were co-wives.
He said that they were hit by a 14-seater Mitsubishi bus with registration number EBONYI: XP 775 AKL at the popular Onwuka Nails Junction, beside Concordia Filling Station, Abayi, along Aba- Owerri road.
He said the victims, who hailed from Iheorji in Aba were busy sweeping the road when the bus hit them.
It was gathered that while Chioma died on the spot, Oluchi was rushed to the Abia State Teaching Hospital (ABSUTH), Aba where she gave up the ghost. It also gathered that the corpses were deposited at an undisclosed mortuary in the city.
Source: Naija.ng


text:
Items where Author is "Rao, Sanjeev K"
Group by: Item Type | No Grouping
Jump to: Journal Article | Proj.Doc/Technical Report
Number of items: 3.
Journal Article
Rao, Sanjeev K (2000) An Oseen-type model for swirling internal separated flows. Journal of Engineering Mathematics, 38 (2). pp. 119-140. ISSN 0022-0833
Rao, Sanjeev K (1999) A model for flows with massive separation. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 121 (4). pp. 917-919. ISSN 0098-2202
Proj.Doc/Technical Report
Deshpande, MD and Rao, Sanjeev K and Shankar, PN (1999) Modification and Testing of JUMBO3D Code for LES Computations. Technical Report. National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore, India.


text:
At Gemvara, we believe that the jewelry you wear should be one of a kind, like you. That's why we make each piece to order, one at a time, just the way you want it. Choose alexandrite and palladium or emerald and rose gold: it's your choice. Mix and match gems and precious metals for a look that's exactly you. It's jewelry for all life's occasions, from a birthday or Valentine's Day to your own personal milestones and celebrations. Gemvara uses only the highest quality materials to craft your rose gold multistone february birthstone contemporary band jewelry design with meticulous attention to detail. Our precious metals are recycled or responsibly mined. February's birthstone is amethyst, with a pretty purple that helps you express your individual style. Warm 14 karat rose gold glows with an inner pink hue which flatters skin tones. Gemvara also offers many styles in luxurious 18k rose gold, which has higher gold content. Our wide selection of rose gold multistone february birthstone contemporary band jewelry by Martha Gomez Gutierrez, Jessica Behzad, Gemvara Essentials, and other talented designers means you can find jewelry that's exactly your style. You can also shop by style, choosing our Fashion-Forward, Key, or Statement Collections. Each gem in our stunning multistone designs is carefully set by hand by our skilled craftspeople. Gemvara's fine quality rose gold multistone february birthstone contemporary band jewelry is designed to be passed down for generations to come, crafted by hand in the United States.
We can help right away. Chat with a jewelry expert now!


text:
Isabi Sale offers, upto 80% off!
Isabi Sale, upto 80% off continues at Isabi.com. Discount offer is included in our discount code section on the Affiliate Window interface.
Isabi is "the art of intelligent dressing"; a sophisticated collection providing affordable luxury, beautifully styled clothes for trend aware, individual real women.
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text:
All quotes by Chris Brown
(124 quotes found)
"She is a super person, and her leadership abilities have been instrumental in our success. She is poised, and it rubs off on her teammates."
"They're gaining real-life work experience. You can read something in a book or listen to someone talk about it; but when you are the one who has to get up in the morning and be at your job, that's where you really learn."
"We have nothing to lose, to be honest. Our scores have been up and down this year. We'll just go and play the best we can."
"It was awesome. I tried to stay as relaxed as possible because I haven't been in there for a while. I was happy."
"His friends and his neighbors were all gone, and he didn?t want to take something that other people might need, ... He didn?t know that he too was a victim."
"That kind of bothered me, ... but I knew we could stop them with Big (Denzel) Sneed and Thomas Williams on the line, and we had good fan support that helped a lot, too."
"probably counted on their number three to create a little bit more havoc. We weren't worried with Samara on that side of the field. That was a nice comfort zone for us."
"For the most part they were taking long range shots, ... They weren't getting in behind our defense too comfortably."


text:
Chipper takes cuts, closer to returning
Chipper takes cuts, closer to returning
CINCINNATI -- Injured Braves third baseman Chipper Jones took batting practice as well as some infield ground balls Tuesday at Great American Ball Park as he continues to rehab his bruised left calf. He took swings from both sides of the plate and wore a protective guard to cover the inside of his calf area, which was injured Friday on a sharply hit ground ball by Tampa Bay's B.J. Upton.
Jones was out of the starting lineup for a fourth straight game, but manager Fredi Gonzalez believes there is a shot Jones could play Wednesday against the Reds.
"Hopefully he can move around a little bit," said Gonzalez.
The Braves are just 7-12 without Jones in the lineup, compared to 19-5 with him.
"He's still 40 years old and all this and that, but he's still a presence in that lineup," said Gonzalez. "It stretches that lineup out a little bit."


text:
Most people think that when they do a keyword search, the computer searches everything: an entire website, the complete text of an article, or every word in a book.
In fact, the search is usually limited to specific parts of the record in order to increase the relevance of your results and speed of the search. These parts are called fields. The whole system is based on the assumption that if your keyword appears in an important field, like the title of an article, that article is more likely to be relevant to you than another article where your keyword appears once in just a footnote.
It can be useful to find out what fields a database searches automatically. Here is a list of some possible fields a database may search:


text:
State v. OliveAnnotate this Case
State of Utah,
Plaintiff and Appellee,
Silia Olive,
Defendant and Appellant.
(Not For Official Publication)
Case No. 20030359-CA
(March 10, 2005)
2005 UT App 120
Third District, Salt Lake Department
The Honorable Anthony B. Quinn
Attorneys: Julie George, Salt Lake City, for Appellant
Mark L. Shurtleff and Karen A. Klucznik, Salt Lake City, for Appellee
Before Judges Davis, Jackson, and Greenwood.
JACKSON, Judge:
Silia Olive appeals her convictions of felony murder and aggravated kidnapping. We affirm.
Olive asserts that the trial court committed plain error. To show plain error, Olive has the burden of showing "(i) [a]n error exists; (ii) the error should have been obvious to the trial court; and (iii) the error is harmful, i.e. absent the error, there is a reasonable likelihood of a more favorable outcome." State v. Dunn, 850 P.2d 1201, 1208 (Utah 1993).
Olive makes three arguments regarding the existence of error. Olive first argues that an error exists because the felony murder rule should be abolished. However, the Utah Supreme Court has recently ruled that the felony murder rule is constitutional. See State v. Arguelles, 2003 UT 1,¶127, 63 P.3d 731, cert. denied, 540 U.S. 1098 (2004); State v. Honie, 2002 UT 4,¶¶17-35, 57 P.3d 977. Hence, it is not an error, and the notion that the felony murder rule should be abolished could not have been obvious to the trial court.
Olive next argues that an error exists because she was convicted of both aggravated kidnapping and felony murder, and these convictions were enhanced. She claims that the conviction for kidnapping was enhanced to aggravated kidnapping, see Utah Code Ann. § 76-5-302 (2001), which was further enhanced by the "Gang Enhancement," see id. § 76-3-203.1 (2001), and in essence enhanced again through the felony murder statute, see id. § 76-5-203(2)(d) (2001). This double enhancement, she argues, results in a double jeopardy violation.
Olive was convicted of aggravated kidnapping, rather than kidnapping. A conviction for an aggravated offense does not implicate double jeopardy. See generally Gryger v. Burke, 334 U.S. 728, 732 (1948) (rejecting double jeopardy challenge to recidivism statute because the enhanced penalty "is considered to be an aggravated offense" rather than a "new jeopardy or additional penalty" for the same crime). Moreover, while the jury did find that Olive committed the crime described by the "gang enhancement provision," see Utah Code Ann. § 76-3-203.1, there is no indication that the court took that into account in the sentencing. Rather, the court indicated that it sentenced Olive to the maximum of the mandatory minimum sentences because of the result of the crime, i.e. the death of an innocent person. Thus, Olive's claim that her sentence was enhanced by the aggravated kidnapping conviction and the "gang enhancement provision" fails.
Further, "[a]llowing punishment for both felony murder and the underlying felony violates neither the double jeopardy principles of the [F]ifth [A]mendment to the United States Constitution" nor article I, section 12 of the Utah State Constitution. State v. McCovey, 803 P.2d 1234, 1239 (Utah 1990). That is, Olive's convictions for both aggravated kidnapping and felony murder do not implicate double jeopardy.
Third, Olive argues that an error exists because there was insufficient evidence to support a conviction for the aggravated kidnapping. More specifically, she asserts that the kidnapping conviction, which involved one victim, lacked sufficient evidence because she was acquitted of the charges involving the other victim. However, inconsistent verdicts do not equate to insufficient evidence. See United States v. Powell, 469 U.S. 57, 66-67 (1984); State v. Hancock, 874 P.2d 132, 134-35 (Utah Ct. App. 1994). Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court did not commit plain error.
Finally, Olive asserts that she was represented by ineffective counsel. To prove ineffective assistance of counsel, Olive has the "heavy burden of showing" that her counsel's performance "fell below an objective standard of reasonable professional judgment" and that "counsel's deficient performance prejudiced" her. State v. Chacon, 962 P.2d 48, 50 (Utah 1998). Counsel's failure "to make motions or objections [that] would be futile if raised does not constitute ineffective assistance." State v. Whittle, 1999 UT 96,¶34, 989 P.2d 52 (quotations and citations omitted). Because Olive has not established that the court erred, she cannot succeed on the claim that her counsel was ineffective.
Norman H. Jackson, Judge
James Z. Davis, Judge
Pamela T. Greenwood, Judge


text:
New Jersey ex-governor Corzine's son dies at 31
NEWARK, N.J. — Former New Jersey Gov. Jon Corzine's son has died.
Corzine spokesman Steven Goldberg won't say where or when 31-year-old Jeffrey Corzine died. Details regarding the cause of death also haven't been disclosed.
Story Continued Below
Goldberg says in a statement issued Thursday the former governor "is obviously devastated by this tragic loss" and seeks privacy "during this very difficult time."
Jeffrey Corzine was the youngest of the former politician's three children with ex-wife Joanne Corzine.
He often joined his father during the 2005 gubernatorial race, and was by his side following a near-fatal 2009 car accident.
Jon Corzine was a Wall Street CEO before becoming a Democratic U.S. senator and governor.
Gov. Chris Christie, who defeated Corzine in 2009, sent condolences Thursday on behalf of "all the people of New Jersey."


text:
Israel offers learning curve on secrecy Bill
As the National Council of Provinces works on a final round of changes to the Protection of State Information Bill, they would do well to pay heed to events in Israel this week, which demonstrate just how inimical to democracy such legislation can be.
Uri Blau, an investigative journalist at the respected newspaper Haaretz, in 2008 published a story detailing how the Israeli Defense Force targeted for assassination Ziad Subahi Mahmad Malaisha and Ibrahim Ahmed Abd al-Latif Abed, members of Islamic Jihad who were believed to be actively planning terror attacks. The assassinations took place in apparent defiance of a high court order which restricted the circumstances under which the IDF could carry out its policy of "targeted killing".
The story set out how the hit was planned, including how senior IDF officers discussed the acceptability of civilian deaths, and the need to delay in order to avoid causing diplomatic embarrassment during the visit of a senior American official.
It also suggested that because the men were in the West Bank, rather than Gaza, they could have been captured instead of being killed.
In other words it was a classic case of investigative journalism in the public interest, revealing that the IDF had been dishonest when told the public about the circumstances surrounding the killings, and that it was flouting a court ruling.
Blau was able to tell the story because he had been handed classified documents by a former IDF conscript, Anat Kamm, who herself has already been sentenced to four-and-a-half years in jail.
According Haaretz, Blau is not charged with an espionage offence per se. That seems to be because of what the justice department described as "the need to restrain in the enforcement policy in order to preserve the Israeli press as a free press that does its job".
Instead he is charged with the possession of classified documents, an offence mirrored in our homegrown Protection of State Information Bill.
Haaretz quotes a statement from the justice department saying, "the attorney general believes – based on the positions ... of the state prosecutor's office, the Shin Bet security service and Israel Police – that this case is an extreme one in terms of the severity of Blau's actions".
[Blau] "betrayed his duty – and later his commitment before the state – to cease possession of them", adding he "could have easily prevented harm to Israel's security without hurting his sources ... the potential damage of possessing the documents … was immense."
Like South Africa's Protection of State Information Bill, Israeli law contemplates lengthy jail terms for the possession of classified information. Just how using these charges against a journalist demonstrates commitment to a free press, Israel's government will have to explain.
And if the ANC pushes through the Protection of State Information Bill without an effective public interest defence and other important improvements, the party will have to explain why they are imposing on democratic South Africa the kind of legislation that is being used to buttress the Israeli security state that they so often criticise.


text:
what do to when you're not going to blogher
July 30, 2010
come on, mostly it's about meeting all those people you talk to on twitter every day and your friends you only recognize from their twitter handle and tiny comments photo. solitary socially inept nerds of the world, unite! and some of you may be thinking shut the hell up grumbles, in which case you are in a very wrong place indeed.
here are your golden steps to "i'm-not-going-to-blogher-this-year-itis" recovery:
1. live in denial. blogher is like, so far away right? who even cares.
2. but then... it's next week, and everyone is talking about it.
3. read everything you can get your hands on about blogher. all the what-to-expect posts, all the guides, all last year's recaps.
4. daydream about next year. next year is your year! (next year is always your year, in your head. remember that.)
5. go back into denial. fuck blogher. fuck all your friends who get to meet and have a party.
6. you don't want to go to their party and have a great time and tweet about it anyway. jerks.
7. resist the urge to spam all blogher posts by your friends with I HATE YOU.
8. give in and do it once, on a blogger's page that you really don't know that well but luuurrve because you couldn't help it and you're an idiot. hope she doesn't take it the wrong way.
9. tell yourself all the bad things about blogher. it's not going to be any fun. no one would know you. you would be all alone. you'd probably get elbowed in the eye over a free bag of carpet samples.
10. ...but don't believe any of it.
11. plan to stay away from the internet that whole week. then you won't have to hear about blogher!
12. who the fuck are you kidding with that one, really?
13. then stop complaining about not going to blogher, because no one cares.
14. give in and tell all your friends you hope they have a really great time. and mean it.
7 comments:
- hand pecked debb
You've nailed how I feel around the National Stationery Show every farking year. I even have places to crash in NYC but every year they hold it on the dude's birthday.
I'll keep telling myself one of these years, it'll be MY year and it won't fall on his birthday...
- July 30, 2010 at 9:24 AM
- Adventures In Babywearing
Heh- it's the first time in four years I'm not a part of BlogHer but I was just saying that I'm so relieved. In my experience, I have found that planning smaller, intimate meet-ups with your internet friends is so much more fun (and worth the $$) but that's just in my experience.
And that totally wouldn't apply to most people because they are really only going because of the conference sessions, right? LOL
I know those that are going will have a blast. I just pray they don't have that huge depressing "come down" that has always happened to me after the lanyards stop dangling and the dust on the swag settles.
- July 30, 2010 at 9:28 AM
- Amber
Next year totally IS my year. Totally.
(Never mind that I said the same thing last year.)
I am actually throwing a pity party. A whole bunch of local bloggers who aren't going to NYC are having a beach BBQ on the Friday night. We did the same thing last year. Is it the same? No. But it's even better in its own way, and much, MUCH less nerve-wracking.
- July 30, 2010 at 4:47 PM
- Amber, The Unlikely Mama
HAHAHA this was totally me last year. Even though I had JUST started my blog when the party rolled around. The one and only reason I'm able to go is because I don't have to travel for it (and if it sucks, I'll be home in an hour, lol). I really wonder where it will be next year. I hope that I love it and want to come back next time around so we can meet up biotch! If not, I'm totally coming over to your house anyway ;D
- July 31, 2010 at 1:31 PM
- Junket
How many Blogher participants are elite enough to go to the Beer Summit? That's right...none. I would choose you guys over blogher ANYDAY!
- July 31, 2010 at 7:46 PM
- Annah
So does this mean your are or you're not going. I want to go next year for sure. Let's make a BlogHer pact! lol
- August 1, 2010 at 7:49 PM
- the grumbles
@annah- not this year. let's make next year's pact and spit in our hands and shake about it, I'M IN!
- August 2, 2010 at 10:31 AM


text:
On the day that Call of Duty: Black Ops came out, I naturally found myself standing in line to get it for Nate (because I'm just THAT awesome of a wife, and Target seems to have a mysterious homing device that constantly calls to me). The electronics department was a disaster with early holiday shoppers and 12-year old boys fawning over the newest PS3 and Xbox games, and a growing crowd waited behind me at the checkout counter for someone to come ring us all up.
The woman behind me kept huffing impatiently at the base of my neck, and I had the odd feeling she was hoping I'd step aside and let her in front of me. No such luck, lady (and by the way, were you aware that they actually have DOZENS of checkout counters at the front of the store? No need to stand in this line for five minutes if it's pissing you off that much. Geez). The clerk eventually showed up, taking my game and requesting ID so he could validate that I was old enough to be buying M for Mature. Yeah, I get that a lot. I'm sure I'll enjoy it when I'm older, right? So no problem…I handed him my ID but then remembered that the DMV punched a hole in it when I changed my name after getting married, and they've been taking their sweet time sending me the replacement. The guy looked at my mutilated ID, baffled, as I quickly explained the situation, pulling out my interim paper identification to assure him that I'm well over 17.
"That's okay, I believe you," he gestured to the paper, "but the machine requires me to swipe the ID of someone over 17 to check out with an 'M for Mature' rated game. I'll have to get manager authorization."
As he reached for the phone to call over a manager, the woman behind me sighed again loudly, stepping around me so that the clerk could clearly see her eyerolling and annoyed head-bobbing. "Um, if you want I can just swipe your ID to make this go faster," he offered her. "It doesn't record any information or anything, it just frees the lock on the machine so we can go ahead and process the purchase."
She contemplated that for a brief second and then smirked hostilely. "Sure. You can use my ID to check her out…IF you check me out first."
We both turned to her, the clerk's head tilted in confusion, my jaw hanging slightly agape. Did she seriously just try to negotiate a line cutting in exchange for an ID swipe? And shall I remind you all that I'm pregnant? Aren't people supposed to be NICE to pregnant women?? "Uh, no. I'll wait," I stepped up closer to the counter. I wasn't in any big hurry. Game. On.
The clerk shrugged, bemused, and pressed the code to page the manager. "It's just gonna take longer to get to you now," he informed her.
She narrowed her eyes, her voice rising to a high shrill as she stomped off. "Well just nevermind then! I'm late to pick up my daughter and we've been waiting here FOREVER for someone to ring us up and…" she trailed off in the direction of the store entrance.
The clerk and I were left across from each other with incredulous expressions. I turned to look at the line, hoping the manager would show up before anyone else threw a fit.
"Wow," the woman behind me remarked, handing her ID to the clerk. "I don't think SHE was mature enough to be getting M for Mature, anyway."


text: this is NOT looking good. FUCK. http://www.mmaweekly.com/absolutenm/templates/dailynews.asp?articleid=4007&zoneid=2 - PRIDE FIGHTERS PLAN CLASS ACTION AGAINST DSE Wednesday, May 23, 2007 - by MMAWeekly.com BREAKING NEWS: MMAWeekly.com has confirmed that multiple fighters under contract to DSE and Pride are filing a class action lawsuit against the organization for an undisclosed amount of money. Reports have come to MMAWeekly that a number of fighters who are still contracted to DSE are filing the lawsuit with a list of complaints against their former employer. According to sources, DSE requested that Pride fighters assign their contracts to "Pride FC Worldwide" (the new company created in the wake of Lorenzo and Frank Fertitta's proposed buy-out of Pride), and most of the fighters refused to do so. DSE has apparently countered by threatening to keep the fighters under contract until the organization officially dissolves, which could be held up in court for months or even years. The class action lawsuit is intended to enable the Pride fighters to either be released from their current contracts and allow them to move on to compete in other MMA organizations; or to be paid for lost wages, training wages (many of the fighters were already preparing for upcoming bouts), and wages surrounding two cancelled Pride shows. Those involved believe DSE has no intention of running anymore shows under the "Pride" label, but many of the fighters under contract were signed exclusively to Pride, with the only provision that would allow them out of the contracts being to show just cause as to why they should be released and allowed to pursue outside interests. MMAWeekly will continue to follow this late-breaking story and report as more information becomes available.


text:
Some useful information about getting to the venue.
By Car - Probably the easiest method. There are plenty of parking spaces to the rear of the village hall. Here are some handy maps to help you on your way:
Getting to Auchmithie
Finding No. 70
By Bus - Auchmithie is serviced by Travel Wishart (35 and 140) and Stagecoach Strathtay (45).
35 Arbroath Bus Station - Auchmithie
45 Arbroath Cliffburn - Auchmithie
140 Arbroath - Auchmithie - Froickheim -Brechin


text:
I pack yohboh a lunch every day. It is bento-esque but it is not in a cute box. Could you imagine yohboh carting around my Keroppi box? We call them squares because that is what they are. I do not get up early to prepare them, either. They are just our leftovers from last night's dinner. Since it has been so cold, I have been cooking a LOT. And I do not know how to cook for two people. So yesterday, he had nine squares which is an appalling number. Marty, my father in law or my fifty something teenage son, got five of them.
I can cook for a village, I swear.
Here are two examples of yohboh's lunch:
Roast Chicken, sweet potatoes, Brussels Sprouts and Broccoli.
Rigatoni and Broccoli.
On a total tangent, I had a roommate in college who spelled broccoli "broqilli". She would make grocery lists with these odd spelling for foods. Another example was for lettuce it was letus. Just thought of that. Did I mention she has a master's degree in Industrial Engineering from Georgia Tech?
Tuesday, January 20, 2009
1 comment:
- KP said...
Those are totally bentos:)
- January 21, 2009 at 12:53 AM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
Regina, SK – Regina rapper Pimpton links with fellow Saskatoon emcee, Joey Stylez to bring the latest video single from his high traffic album … Read More »
Archive Tagged 'Aurelien Offner'
Pimpton – All Men Are Mortal [Video]
Regina, SK – Regina-based MC Pimpton (of the C.J.E. crew) just hit us with his latest set of visuals for his joint … Read More »
J Coop – Sundays Best ft. AM [Video]
Toronto, ON – J Coop just launched new visuals for his track "Sundays Best" off Self Reflection: Do I Stand Out?. The … Read More »


text:
All quotes tagged Shorten
(59 quotes found)
"We tried to shorten the game up a little bit and do things on the defensive end to keep Davis from doing things. It worked pretty well but not well enough."
"If you shorten your momentum and your steps and leg swing, you have to find a new way to get power. Those were some of the things I was working on. I think it's going to pay dividends late in the year."
"We talked about that we needed to shorten up our swings. We tried, but obviously we didn't do a very good job about it."
"We've shortened our practices. We don't really do anything to prevent injury, except doing minimal contact drills, but other than that we're just trying to be smart about how we go about practice."
"Our position is that there's no economic case for shortening the release pattern. We haven't allowed it to happen yet and that policy will continue. We think theaters are the natural launching pad for movies, that theatrical runs create the buzz that sells videos later on."
"The odds of a rate increase on Oct. 27 have shortened. The Reserve Bank is extremely worried over whether the economy will slow rapidly enough ahead to cap obvious inflation pressures. It looks increasingly like it will not."


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Core Conversion at Building Trades FCU
CU*Answers said it has converted the $102 million Building Trades Federal Credit Union in Maple Grove, Minn., to the CU*BASE core processing system.
The 14,100-member CU is the eighth conversion of a new client onto the CU*BASE system this year, representing more than 120,000 members, CU*Answers said.
In addition to deploying CU*BASE in an SaaS setting, Building Trades FCU is adding several self-service tools, including online and mobile banking, e-statements, e-alerts and e-notices, the Grand Rapids, Mich., CUSO said.
Building Trades FCU had been a Fiserv CUSA customer, according to the Technology Survey from Callahan & Associates.
CU*Answers said it now provides core processing and other services to about 185 credit unions representing nearly 1.5 million members.


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SAN ANTONIO — Breast cancer experts are cheering what could be some of the biggest advances in more than a decade: two new medicines that significantly delay the time until women with very advanced cases get worse.
In a large international study, an experimental drug from Genentech called pertuzumab held cancer at bay for a median of 18 months when given with standard treatment, versus 12 months for others given only the usual treatment. It also strongly appears to be improving survival, and follow-up is continuing to see if it does.
"You don't see that very often. ... It's a spectacular result," said one study leader, Dr. Sandra Swain, medical director of Washington Hospital Center's cancer institute.
In a second study, another drug long used in organ transplants but not tried against breast cancer — everolimus, sold as Afinitor by Novartis AG — kept cancer in check for a median of 7 months in women whose disease was worsening despite treatment with hormone-blocking drugs. A comparison group that received only hormonal medicine had just a 3-month delay in disease progression.
Afinitor works in a novel way, seems "unusually effective" and sets a new standard of care, said Dr. Peter Ravdin, breast cancer chief at the UT Health Science Center in San Antonio. He has no role in the work or ties to drugmakers. Most patients have tumors like those in this study — their growth is fueled by estrogen.
Results were released Wednesday at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium and some were published online by the New England Journal of Medicine. They come a few weeks after federal approval was revoked for another Genentech drug, Avastin, that did not meaningfully help breast cancer patients. It still is sold for other tumor types.
The new drugs are some of the first major developments since Herceptin came out in 1998. It has become standard treatment for a certain type of breast cancer.
"These are powerful advances ... an important step forward," said Dr. Harold Burstein, a breast expert at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston who had no role in the studies.
A reality check: The new drugs are likely to be very expensive — up to $10,000 a month — and so far have not proved to be cures. Doctors hope they might be when given to women with early-stage cancers when cure is possible, rather than the very advanced cases treated in these studies.
Even short of a cure, about 40,000 U.S. women each year have cancer that spreads beyond the breast, and treatment can make a big difference in their lives.
Rachel Midgett is an example. The 39-year-old Houston woman has breast cancer that spread to multiple parts of her liver, yet she ran a half-marathon in Las Vegas on Sunday. She has had three scans since starting on Afinitor nine months ago, and "every time, my liver lesions keep shrinking," she said.
"My quality of life has been wonderful. It's amazing. I have my hair. ... If you saw me you wouldn't even know I have cancer."Comment on this story
Genentech, part of the Switzerland-based Roche Group, applied Tuesday to the federal Food and Drug Administration for permission to sell pertuzumab (per-TOO-zoo-mab) as initial treatment for women like those in the study.
The drug targets cells that make too much of a protein called HER2 — about one of every four or five breast cancer cases. Herceptin attacks the same target but in a different way, and the two medicines complement each other.
The study tested the combination in 808 women from Europe, North and South America and Asia and found a 6-month advantage in how long the cancer stayed stable. All women also received a chemotherapy drug, docetaxel.


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Natalie Wheeler Won Morning Show Munchies
Natalie and the staff at The United States Post Office in downtown Twin Falls won Morning Show Munchies and received a HUGE gift basket from Great Harvest Bread. You could win too. We pick one lucky winner ever week! Enter today.
ALL breads & treats at Great Harvest are handcrafted to make the freshest – tastiest – most nutritious bread in town.


text: My colleague Nicky Chambers and I are consulting with Lewisham Council again following our success of securing the brilliant Little Nan's Bar for the Broadway Theatre cafe and bars. We are now seeking similarly exciting propositions to reanimate a number of key sites in Catford town centre. With the wide scale regeneration of Catford planned for 2020/21 Lewisham Council currently have a number of sites available for meanwhile use and longterm lease. These spaces offer wide possibilities for diverse, creative, commercial, residential and mixed-used occupation. The hope for these developments is to inject a new burst of life and creativity into some of Catford's derelict and unused spaces, helping to bring new talent, opportunities and resources to the local area. Developments will help to catalyse the re-invigoration of Catford town centre, and meet Lewisham Council priorities for local regeneration, growth and investment. The three spaces are: 1) Thomas Lane Depot, Catford, SE6 4RZ 2) 17-18 Catford Broadway, SE6 4SN 3) The Brookdale Club, Brookdale Road, Catford, SE6 4JY Full details of the opportunities can be found on Lewisham Council website here: http://www.lewisham.gov.uk/inmyarea...mporary-use-of-empty-premises-in-Catford.aspx. Viewings are scheduled for: Tuesday 24 January Friday 27 January Expressions of Interest should be submitted by 7th February 2017. Contact Louise or Nicky for further information at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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How to Reduce Protein in Urine Naturally for Person with CKD2013-03-02 17:03
How to reduce protein in urine (proteinuria) for person with CKD? Protein in urine is a sign for chronic kidney disease (CKD), which can result from Diabetes, high blood pressure, and diseases that cause inflammation in the kidneys. Proteinuria and kidney damage can affect each other.
As blood passes through healthy kidneys, they filter out the waste products and leave in the things the body needs, like albumin and other proteins. Most proteins are too big to pass through the kidneys' filters into the urine. However, protein in urine can appear when the filters of the kidney, called glomeruli, are damaged. CKD can be divided into five stages according to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) level. From stage 1 to stage 5 CKD, the amounts of protein in urine increases, because the kidney function declines.
Once clinical proteinuria appears (urine protein >0.5g/24h), the function of glomeruli will decline irreversibly. The average duration of protein in urine is 17 years. The average life expectancy after proteinuria appears is about 10 years, 25% patients will develop ESRD within 6 years, 50% within 10 years and 75% within 15 years. Then how to reduce protein in urine for CKD patients?
In the clinical, if a CKD patient has Diabetes and high blood pressure, ACEI or ARBs will be used to reduce proteinuria, control blood pressure and protect kidney function. Many CKD patients with proteinuria but without high blood pressure may also benefit from ACEI or ARBs. Anyway, these medicines can not treat CKD from the root, also after long term use of these medicines, some side effects may occur. Is there any treatment option can reduce protein in urine naturally for person with CKD?
Take the safety and efficiency into account, Chinese herbal medicines seem to be the best treatment option for CKD patients. The goal of Chinese herbal medicines is to repair kidney damage and enhance kidney function through expanding blood vessels, promoting blood circulation, removing blood vessels and providing nutrition for damaged kidneys. All the medicines come from nature, so the safety can be guaranteed. If the kidney function can be enhanced, kidneys will prevent proteins leaking into urine by themselves, protein in urine will disappear naturally. Which stage of CKD are you in and how much is the 24-hour urinary protein quantity?
Any kidney problems? Please consult our online doctor. The satisfaction of patient is as high as 93%.
What you also want to know:
How can I get this treatment ?
How can I get this treatment in my counties ?
How much is this treatment ?
What is the duration if I receive this treatment in your hospital ?
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Tag: CKD Symptoms CKD
Pre: How to Decrease High Potassium Level for ESRD


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At Gemvara, we believe that the jewelry you wear should be one of a kind, like you. That's why we make each piece to order, one at a time, just the way you want it. Choose emerald and white gold or tourmaline and palladium: it's your choice. Mix and match gems and precious metals for a look that's exactly you. It's jewelry for all life's occasions, from an engagement or graduation to your own personal milestones and celebrations. Gemvara uses only the highest quality materials to craft your rose gold solitaire sapphire key jewelry design with meticulous attention to detail. Our precious metals are recycled or responsibly mined. A gift of a sapphire is a pledge of trust and loyalty. This tradition makes sapphire engagement rings a perfect symbol of the promise to marry. Sapphire is the September birthstone, the 5th and 45th anniversary gem, and the zodiac gem for Virgo. Rose gold adds a touch of sweetness to traditional gold. Gemvara offers a choice of 14k rose gold, the most popular variation or 18k rose gold, which has a higher gold content. Our wide selection of rose gold solitaire sapphire key jewelry by Carl Ansley, Randy Dixon, Ruzanna Davtian, and other talented designers means you can find jewelry that's exactly your style. You can also shop by style, choosing our Celtic, Fathers, or Vintage-Inspired Collections. Timeless solitaire styles put all the focus on the beautifully cut and polished center gemstone. The symbolism of keys is unmistakable, adding extra meaning to our stylish collection of key pendants. Gemvara's fine quality rose gold solitaire sapphire key jewelry is designed to be passed down for generations to come, crafted by hand in the United States.
We can help right away. Chat with a jewelry expert now!


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Originally built by the Sulpicians, with the help of local volunteers, as a staple for the community of Little Burgundy in 1861, St. Joseph's Church was an inclusive place to meet, celebrate and find support. Overtime, the church fell into economic hardship and the community was faced with a challenge to save this breathtaking building before loosing another part of its history.
Le Salon 1861 was built to reconnect people to collective space and break the silos between sectors of our society. Universities, entrepreneurs, local citizens, community organizations and private business will work side-by-side to redefine how we work, live and play together. Le Salon 1861 seeks to engage various stakeholders to redefine social roles in non-traditional manners by creating an entrepreneurial hub – reinventing the role of business. In times of funding austerity and growing economic divide, this historical gem of a building is brought back to its original purpose of bringing people together.
Le Salon 1861 host a full service event hall, a restaurant sourcing local produce and an entrepreneurial social hub that allow businesses, community groups and local citizens to network, share resources, train employees and create contacts. Le Salon 1861 also act as a living laboratory for institutional research in the areas of implementing sustainable green building practices and social business through the McGill Faculty of Architecture and the Desautels Faculty of Management. The wide range of stakeholders within Le Salon 1861 allows for a unique exchange of ideas and resources between communities, businesses and institutions. The building will also be surrounded by an urban garden and will host a wide range of events, workshops and conferences open to businesses and local residents.


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Thread: Many to Many relationship
Many to Many relationship
I'm working on an application to get myself familiar with Ruby on Rails. My application manages a recipe book and will allow the user to store everything about recipes in a database(ingredients, instructions etc..). My problem is how to manage the database from Ruby on Rails. The relationship in question is between a recipe and an ingredient.
What I wanted to do, is set up an ingredient as its own entity and let it be added to a recipe using check boxes or something along those lines, so this requires a many-to-many relationship between recipes and ingredients. So far thats not really a problem, but I wanted to store quantities and units of measure with it. The database layout I wanted is to have a recipe table, and an ingredients table, then in the recipes_ingredients cross reference table, I would like to have the recipe ID, and Ingredient ID like normal, but also store quantity and unit_of_measure in the same table.
I'm sure I can simply add the fields to the database table, but how would I account for this inside of the Ruby on Rails application? I should be able to connect them and access a particular ingredient with something like:
- Join Date
- May 2006
- Posts
- 21
- Thanks
- 0
- Thanked 0 Times in 0 Posts
You want to look at has_many :through associations, this does exactly what you need. See http://wiki.rubyonrails.org/rails/pa..._many+:through for how to use them.
JamieFlexible UK web hosting solutions for designers and developers
PHP5, Ruby on Rails, MySQL, spam and virus filtering
UK Hosting from Media72, Media72 on twitter


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I Need Some Help Fast! Not A Poem!
I need someone to help me edit a story so I can get it sent to my agent.
If any of you have had any editing experience please pm me and I will send you the story.
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Steamboat Springs morning roundup for Tuesday, April 1
April 1, 2014
Good morning Steamboat Today readers.
• The median peak water stored at the end of the winter on Rabbit Ears is 26.1 inches compared to 35.3 inches there now. How that water finds its way to the valley and the main stem of the Yampa during spring runoff depends on weather patterns between now and mid-May. Moisture in snowpack well above-average in mountains surrounding Steamboat
• The building site in Steamboat for YVEA's new headquarters hasn't been settled on just yet, but General Manager Diane Johnson said the optimistic goal is for the company to be out of their current headquarters sometime in the next two years. Yampa Valley Electric taking steps to sell, repurpose downtown headquarters in Steamboat
• The combination of wind, snow and thundersnow in the Yampa Valley this weekend kept local firefighters and emergency crews busy. Routt County family OK after lightning strike damages house Sunday night
• The objective of the Service Excellence program is to eventually bring the training to as much of Steamboat Springs as possible with the hope of boosting the city's reputation for customer service as measured by the net promoter score. 1st session of new Steamboat Chamber customer service training nears end
• A seven-member lodging tax committee that is advising the council on the spending of the tax recently came up with the recommendation after weighing the purchase of the lot at Seventh and Yampa streets against a number of other parts of the parks and promenade project that total more than $2.8 million. Steamboat City Council set to weigh in on recommendation to buy riverside lot on Yampa Street
Recommended Stories For You
• The Steamboat Springs School District hosted the first part of its Community Budget Forum on Monday night at the high school. Seven programs and entities presented potential reductions and increases in their budgets. Proposed elementary instruction changes mark Day 1 of community budget forums
• At halftime during Monday afternoon's boys lacrosse game against Thompson Valley, it looked as though the Sailors' undefeated season was coming to an end — but there was no way this team was going down without a fight. Steamboat boys lacrosse comes from behind against Thompson Valley to extend streak to 7
• Steamboat Springs Winter Sports Club Alpine skiers Jett Seymour and Cole Puckett are at the U16 National Championships in Park City competing against some of the country's best in front of U.S. Ski Team coaches. Seymour, Puckett aiming to 'raise eyebrows' at U16 Alpine championships
Steamboat briefs: Ski Town Lions Club honors longest-serving member


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Our online course can help you meet your court-ordered or state-mandated defensive driving requirement. Also, Alabama drivers may take this course if you obtained permission from your insurance provider to take a defensive driving course to reduce your premiums.
TrafficSchool.com and The Online Traffic School, Inc. have teamed up to offer Alabama drivers a state approved defensive driving course that can be completed entirely online. Keep your Alabama driving record clean with quality driver improvement courses provided by The Online Traffic School, Inc.
The Online Traffic School, Inc.
** This course is approved for several Alabama Courts for traffic citations. Not all Alabama courts offer this option, so make sure you verify your traffic school eligibility with your court/judge BEFORE the date specified on your ticket, and confirm their approval of a AL Defensive Driving class for ticket dismissal. Eligibility will be determined by factors like: your past driving history, the seriousness of your violation, and any prior defensive driving courses you may have already completed for past traffic citations. **
There are several reasons why seniors in The Yellowhammer State should take a mature driver defensive driving course. First most, an online mature driver improvement program educates Alabamian seniors on how to drive alertly and accident free.
TrafficSchool.com has teamed with I Drive Safely to offer Alabama senior drivers an online mature driver improvement program that helps keep your mind sharp and your driving privilege safe with the DPS. With over 30 years of combined traffic safety experience, you can rest assured that you're in good hands.
This online Alabama Mature Driver Improvement Program is recommended as an educational tool to help seniors become more knowledgeable and cautious drivers on the roads in Alabama. This course is ELECTIVE and not required by any Alabamian government agency, the AL DPS, or any traffic court in Alabama. Please seek approval from your insurance agent prior to taking this course for auto insurance discount purposes.
Learning to drive is no easy task, especially in Alabama. Taking our online drivers ed course is a great way for Alabamian teens to build their driving knowledge and confidence when behind the wheel, and help pass the Department of Public Safety Exam.
TrafficSchool.com is committed to providing the tools Alabamian teens need to be the best drivers they can be. Teaming with DriversEd.com (a leading education provider in AL) we can offer you an online drivers education program that will make you a safer driver.
* This is an elective teen safety course designed to make teens in the state of Alabama better drivers. This drivers education program is not approved by the Alabama Department of Public Safety, however you can still take the course to prepare for the AL - DPS drivers license exam.
Learning to drive is a big deal in any Alabama teen's life. Before you can earn a license from the AL DPS, new drivers must pass a written traffic law exam administered by the Alabama Department of Public Safety.
Taking any test can be nerve-racking, let alone taking a test at the DPS. Taking your AL permit test doesn't have to be a frightful experience as long as you are prepared. Taking an unlimited amount of DPS practice tests is a great way to sharpen your mind and build your confidence before the big test day at the Department of Public Safety.
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Drivers Ed Direct
Please Note: Drivers Ed Direct's DPS Practice Tests are intended solely as a supplemental Alabama driver's education tool to be used in conjunction with a quality AL Department of Public Safety approved driver education program. Drivers Ed Direct also strongly recommends that every teen in The Yellowhammer State thoroughly read and study the Alabama DPS Driver Handbook.
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Driving is a privilege in the state of Alabama. In order to maintain knowledgeable and qualified drivers on our highways, currently licensed drivers must be retested on the rules of the road every few years. Re-examination is one way the AL DPS keeps drivers up-to-date with the current Alabama Vehicle Code and aware of state traffic laws that change yearly.
PLEASE NOTE: The Alabama Driver License Renewal course is an ELECTIVE COURSE and is not required by the state of Alabama, nor is this course approved by the Alabama DPS. This course is recommended as an educational tool to help you become a more knowledgeable and defensive driver, and to prepare you to pass your AL DPS written driver license examination.
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Rhonda Amos hunches down to make herself smaller, methodically walking toward the center line of the court. Both stalking and self-preserving, the human resource specialist with the city of Wylie is armed with two foam balls in each hand. Something catches her eye, she takes one step back, but it's too late.
A ball strikes the front of her neck, fresh off the fingertips of Wylie police Sgt. Anthony Henderson.
The sharp smack that resonates through the gymnasium of the Wylie Recreation Center is followed by resounding "ohhhhhhs" from the other players, which turns into playful laughter.
She's out.
Wylie city employees began a new form of recreation this month: lunchtime dodgeball. City staff members can take a break from work every Wednesday to pummel one another on the court.
The program began with about 15 players from parks and recreation. By the second week, participation grew to more than 25 employees.
The roster spans most city departments, including fire, police, animal control, human resources, public works and code enforcement.
"It's just funny," said Steven Harben, recreation programmer. "They're with each other every day, all day, so it's fun to watch to see how competitive they get."
Archie Whitt, the city's parks and recreation field supervisor, had the idea to start the event when he and a co-worker joined a group of teenagers who were playing dodgeball at the recreation center two months ago.
"I'd seen how good a time the kids had together," Whitt said. "You just kind of let yourself go. It helps people get to know each other — to see them in an atmosphere you don't normally."
Getting city employees from other departments on board became easier after the Wylie Municipal Complex opened last June. That brought City Hall, recreation and library staff members into one building, said Craig Kelly, public information officer.
"It's increased togetherness," Kelly said, mentioning a baby shower for a city employee that was held recently at the center. "It would have been hard to do that before."
Harben's wife, Tiffany, who is the special events coordinator for the city of Allen, expressed an interest in gathering a team of Allen city employees to challenge the Wylie staff.
"We like competing and giving each other a hard time," she said. "We think it'd be fun to go over and give them a hard time."
Many Wylie city employees who don't play still participate by watching from the sidelines.
City Manager Mindy Manson and planning director Renae Ollie observed from the bleachers.
"Renae got nailed a minute ago, and it sounded like it really hurt, but she said it didn't," Manson said with a laugh, her arms stretched in front of her to block stray dodgeballs.
"It's cool that they've decided to do this," she said. "It's healthy, it's interactive, it's getting groups together that might not normally interact, and they all have smiles on their faces, too."


text: 2012-13 Barcelona Nike Away Shirt (Messi 10) - Kids. Official Lionel Messi - Kids football shirt. This is the brand new Barcelona away shirt for the 2012-13 Primera Liga season, which is available to buy online in kids sizes small boys, medium boys, large boys, XL boys. This Barcelona soccer jersey is manufactured by Nike and comes with Lionel Messi - Kids shirt printing.