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Many obese elderly persons have impaired physical function associated with an increased chronic inflammatory response. We evaluated 12 wk of exercise (aerobic and resistance) or 12 wk of weight loss (∼7% reduction) on skeletal muscle mRNAs for toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), mechanogrowth factor (MGF), TNF-α, and IL-6 in 16 obese (body mass index 38 ± 2 kg/m2) older (69 ± 1 yr) physically frail individuals. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained at 0 and 12 wk and analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Body weight decreased (−7.5 ± 1.2 kg, P = 0.001) in the weight loss group but not in the exercise group (−0.3 ± 0.8 kg, P = 0.74). Fat-free mass (FFM) decreased (−2.9 ± 0.6 kg, P = 0.010) in the weight loss group and increased (1.6 ± 0.6 kg, P = 0.03) in the exercise group. Exercise resulted in a 37% decrease in TLR-4 mRNA (P < 0.05) while weight loss had no significant effect. Additionally, exercise led to a significant (50%) decrease in IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA (P < 0.05) while weight loss had no effect. Exercise increased MGF mRNA (∼2 fold, P < 0.05), but weight loss had no effect. In conclusion, exercise but not weight loss had a beneficial effect on markers of muscle inflammation and anabolism in frail obese elderly individuals.
- exercise
- weight loss
- cytokines
- growth factors
aging is associated with an increase in the chronic systemic inflammation (17). Obesity also induces chronic inflammation (37) and, thus, may further contribute to the age-related increase in the production of inflammatory cytokines. Indeed, sarcopenic obesity is associated with increased levels of circulating inflammatory markers (7, 34). Inflammatory cytokines have direct catabolic effects on skeletal muscle: TNF-α impairs muscle protein synthesis (22, 23, 44) and increases muscle protein degradation (8, 26, 36) while IL-6 increases muscle protein degradation (13). High plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 are associated with lower muscle mass or strength and mobility disability (10, 11, 41), and high IL-6 and low IGF-1 levels contribute synergistically to impaired mobility (6). Elevated levels of C-reactive protein and serum IL-6 strongly predict mortality and functional decline in older persons (31). Not only does adipose tissue release cytokines, but also skeletal muscles express cytokines that have direct autocrine and paracrine effects (33). Further, obese persons have increased levels of intramuscular cytokines (33).
Diet-induced weight loss appears to lower levels of circulating cytokines, and the effect is greater with larger amounts of weight loss (2, 9, 21). The results regarding the effect of exercise training is much less convincing: some studies have shown exercise-induced reductions (24, 25) or unchanged levels (29, 43) of plasma/serum inflammatory cytokines. Nevertheless, exercise training may induce local anti-inflammatory effects in skeletal muscle that may not be reflected in the systemic circulation, as evidenced in the study of Gielen et al. (14). These investigators found that aerobic training reduced TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1 gene expression in skeletal muscles but had no effect on levels of these cytokines in the systemic circulation. Further evidence for an important role of local cytokines in skeletal muscle is provided by Greiwe et al. (16). These investigators found that TNF-α is transcribed by human myocytes, elevated in the muscles of frail elderly, and decreased by resistance training. Moreover, the levels of TNF-α correlated inversely with muscle protein synthesis rate. Singh et al. (35) reported that resistance training increased IGF-1 staining in muscles of frail older patients. In addition, Kim et al. (20) reported that an acute bout of resistance training increased the expression of mechanogrowth factor (MGF) in older persons. Thus these findings suggest that the anabolic and functional benefits of regular exercise may be mediated, in part, through direct actions within skeletal muscle (14, 16, 20, 35). However, no previous study has directly compared the independent effects of weight loss to regular exercise on muscle cytokines and growth factors, particularly in obese older adults who constitute a growing segment of the elderly population (1). These individuals represent a unique population because of increased frailty (3, 40), which putatively derives from the additive effects of obesity and aging on chronic inflammation (17, 32, 34).
Thus the purpose of this investigation was to compare the effects of weight loss vs. exercise (combined resistance and aerobic) on the expression of inflammatory and anabolic genes in the skeletal muscle of frail-obese elderly volunteers. Specifically, we quantified the expression of mRNAs for IL-6, TNF-α, MGF, and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4).
Subjects were sixteen obese (body mass index = 38 ± 6 kg/m2) older (age = 69 ± 1 yr) men and women who had evidence of frailty based on two of three criteria (4, 40): physical performance test (PPT) score of 18–32, peak oxygen consumption (V̇o2peak) of 11–18 ml·min−1·kg body wt−1, and self-reported difficulty or need for assistance in two instrumental activities of daily living (ADL) or one basic ADL. All subjects were sedentary (i.e., did not participate in regular exercise more than 2 times/wk) and reported having had a stable body weight (±2 kg) and had no change in medications for ≥6 mo before the study. All subjects provided written informed consent before participation in the study, which was approved by the Human Studies Committee. They were randomized to receive either ∼12 wk of weight loss or ∼12 wk of regular physical exercise.
Weight loss.
Participants in the weight loss group received a combination of an energy-deficit diet and behavior therapy. They were prescribed a balanced diet to provide an energy deficit of 500–750 kcal/day with a goal of 1–2% loss of body weight per week. They met weekly as a group with a study dietitian, who was experienced in group behavioral therapy for obesity. Standard behavioral strategies were used to modify eating habits (21).
Participants in the exercise group participated in exercise-training sessions (3 days/wk) led by a physical therapist. The exercise program consisted of physical therapy, endurance, and resistance exercise designed to improve physical function. Each session lasted ∼90 min: 15 min of flexibility exercises, 20–30 min of aerobic exercise, 30–40 min of progressive resistance training (PRT), and 15 min of balance exercises. Aerobic exercises included walking on a treadmill, step-ups, stair climbing, stationary cycling, and Stairmaster exercise. Initially, subjects exercised at moderate intensity (∼75% of peak heart rate), and the intensity of exercise was gradually increased to between 80% and 90% of peak heart rate. The PRT consisted of nine exercises (squats, leg press, knee extension, knee flexion, seated row, upright row, seated chest press, biceps curl, and triceps extensions) performed using a squat rack and weight-lifting machines (Hoist Fitness Systems, San Diego, Ca). The one-repetition maximum (1RM) was used to adjust exercise intensity. Initially, weightlifting sessions consisted of one to two sets performed at ∼65% of 1RM, which allowed the completion of 8–12 repetitions. The volume of exercise was gradually increased to two to three sets at a resistance of ∼80% of 1RM, which allowed the completion of 6–8 repetitions. Participants performed make-up sessions if they missed one, so each participant performed the goal of 36 sessions. Missed/made-up sessions were minimal and did not extend the average training duration (12 wk).
Quantification of mRNA expression.
Total RNA was isolated from biopsies of vastus lateralis muscle taken before and after the 12 wk of weight loss or exercise therapy. RNAzol B (Tel-test, Frienswood, TX) was used according to the manufacturer's instructions. RNA concentration was determined by spectrophotometric absorbancy at two dilutions. First-strand cDNA was generated by reverse transcription using 500 ng total RNA and the Applied Biosystems (Foster City, CA) reverse transcription (RT) kit. Real-time RT-PCR was performed using the ABI PRISM 7500 sequence detection system and PowerSYBR mix (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Arbitrary units of TLR-4, MGF, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA were corrected to 36B4 RNA content to control for loading. The oligonucleotide primer pairs used for the mRNA determination are listed in Table 1.
Serum markers of inflammation.
Serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (HsCRP) was measured by using a particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay on a Hitachi 917 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). Serum IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (Quantikine High Sensitivity kit: R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN).
Body weight and body composition.
Body weight was measured in duplicate in the morning following a 12-h fast. Fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA; Delphi 4500-W; Hologic, Waltham, MA). Phantom calibration was performed before each scan. The coefficient of variation for DXA measurements for both FFM and FM in our laboratory is <2% (39).
Statistical analysis.
Baseline characteristics were compared by using independent t-tests or chi-square tests. Analysis of covariance was used to determine whether the changes in the outcomes were significantly different between groups while using the baseline values as the covariates. Student's t-tests for paired samples were performed to determine whether there were significant within-group changes in the outcomes. Pearson's correlation was performed to assess associations between changes in gene expression and FFM. Values are presented as means ± SE. Data were considered significant at P < 0.05.
Baseline characteristics such as age, body weight, sex, and body composition did not differ between the weight loss and exercise groups (Table 2). Moreover, indexes of frailty, such as PPT score (28.6 ± 1.0 vs. 26.1 ± 1.0) and V̇o2peak (18.2 ± 0.9 vs. 17.5 ± 1.1 ml·kg−1·min−1) were similar between the weight loss and exercise groups, respectively (both P > 0.05). Because all participants in the exercise group were required to complete the 36 exercise sessions, compliance with the exercise program was 100%. In response to the exercise program, improvements in 1RM, were detected for both upper body exercises (biceps curl, 14 ± 6%; bench press, 25 ± 9%; seated row, 16 ± 5%;) and lower body exercises (knee flexion, 24 ± 5%; knee extension, 18 ± 7%; leg press, 26 ± 7%; all P < 0.05).
Body weight decreased in the weight loss group by 7.1% but not in the exercise group (−7.5 ± 1.2 vs. −0.3 ± 0.8 kg, P < 0.001) (Table 2). FFM decreased by 4.8% as a result of weight loss and increased as a result of exercise (+2.7%) (−2.9 ± 0.6 vs. 1.6 ± 0.6 kg, P < 0.001). TLR-4 mRNA was reduced by 37% (P < 0.05) as a result of exercise, and no significant change was observed in the weight loss group (the sample size required for a significant effect is equal to 103 subjects) (Fig. 1). Exercise led to a significant 50% decrease (P < 0.05) in the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α, whereas weight loss had no significant effect on TNF-α (the sample size required for a significant effect is equal to 337 subjects) or IL-6 expression (the sample size required for a significant effect is equal to 210 subjects) (−0.70 ± 0.30 vs. −0.23 ± 0.19 and −0.71 ± 0.30 vs. −0.30 ± 0.35, respectively; both P <.05) (Fig. 2, A and B). Exercise increased MGF expression 223% (P < 0.05) whereas weight loss therapy had no effect (the sample size required for a significant effect is equal to 25 subjects) (1.2 ± 0.38 vs. 0.30 ± 0.18; P = 0.07) (Fig. 2C).
Data for serum HsCRP, IL-6, and TNF-α are presented in Table 3. Serum HsCRP was significantly lower (P < 0.05) after weight loss compared with before weight loss. No significant effect of weight loss or exercise on serum levels of IL-6 or TNF-α was observed.
The improvements in 1RM in the exercise group were accompanied by positive changes in functional status, as indicated by improvements in time to 1) lift a book (from 2.9 ± 0.4 to 2.1 ± 0.5 s; P = 0.04); 2) put on a coat (from 12.3 ± 4.1 to 9.2 ± 1.8 s; P = 0.01; 3) pick up a coin (from 4.6 ± 1.4 to 3.4 ± 1.1 s; P = < 0.001), and 4) walk 25 ft back and forth (from 14.9 ± 1.9 to 13.1 ± 12.3 s; P = 0.02).
The major finding of this investigation was that mRNAs for proteins involved in inflammation were significantly reduced by exercise but not by weight loss in obese elderly individuals with functional impairment. Further, TLR-4 mRNA was significantly reduced by exercise but not by weight loss. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation to report TLR-4 mRNA changes in human skeletal muscle as a result of exercise training or weight loss.
Cytokines are inflammatory mediators produced primarily by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, adipocytes, hepatocytes, and skeletal muscle. Two cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6, are linked to higher rates of skeletal muscle catabolism. TNF-α impairs muscle protein synthesis (22, 23, 44) and increases muscle protein degradation (8, 26, 36) while IL-6 increases muscle protein degradation (13). These two cytokines are thought to play a major role in the age-related decline in muscle mass and physical function. For example, Visser et al. (41) reported that circulating TNF-α and IL-6 were inversely related to muscle mass in 3,075 elderly men and women. The exact source of the circulating TNF-α and IL-6 is unclear, but these circulating cytokines are likely derived from the adipose tissue depot and/or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). It would appear plausible that on a large scale, such as in the Visser et al. (41) study, the increase in adipose tissue as one ages or the increase in secretion of cytokines from PBMC could cause the loss of muscle mass. However, the practical importance of this elevation in circulating cytokines on skeletal muscle in large population-based studies with thousands of subjects remains to be determined as sample size has a large influence on statistical significance while the practical significance of the elevation of circulating cytokines on skeletal muscle for a given individual may be small. From our data, based on few subjects, it appears that cytokine gene expression in muscle is derived from muscle, as serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 did not change with exercise but the mRNAs for these cytokines were reduced in muscle as a result of exercise. Indeed, from our study, it appears that muscle contraction through combined aerobic and resistance exercise for 12 wk acts to decrease muscle inflammatory cytokine expression, whereas weight loss has no effect.
One mechanism by which IL-6 and TNF-α are secreted is through stimulation of the toll-like receptors (TLRs) (12). The TLRs are highly conserved proteins that detect infection in humans (38). The most potent ligand for TLR-4 is lipopolysaccharide, which on binding stimulates a cascade of cellular events that culminate in the release of inflammatory cytokines (38). We found that TLR-4 mRNA is reduced as a result of combined aerobic and resistance exercise; however, ∼7% weight loss did not significantly reduce skeletal muscle TLR-4 mRNA. Data that support our data on the effects of exercise training on skeletal muscle TLR-4 mRNA expression are data from McFarlin et al. (27a), in which CD14+ cells from blood of physically active individuals had a 32% lower TLR-4 protein expression compared with physically inactive individuals. Thus it appears at least at the mRNA level that exercise training decreases TLR-4 in both monocytes and skeletal muscle.
The downregulation of TLR-4 mRNA provides a potential mechanism by which exercise training decreases the mRNA for IL-6 and TNF-α as TLR-4 stimulation leads to the production of IL-6 and TNF-α. Reduced TLR-4 stimulation decreases signaling through the IκB kinase complex, decreasing NF-κB and reducing IL-6 and TNF-α production by reduced binding of NF-κB to the promoters for IL-6 and TNF-α (22).
The mechanisms for the reduction in TLR-4 mRNA as a result of exercise training are unknown and speculative at this time. Many potential mechanisms have been summarized by Flynn et al. (12). One putative mechanism is cross-tolerance or tolerance to heat shock proteins. Heat shock proteins are known endogenous ligands for TLR and may tolerize the cell, which results in a receptor downregulation or reduced intracellular signaling. Evidence suggests that intense exercise training acts to substantially increase heat shock proteins in human skeletal muscle (27). Further, the exposure of monocytes with HSP60 resulted in a reduced signaling in response to lipopolysaccharide as well as downregulation of cell surface expression of TLR-4 (19). Other endogenous ligands that become elevated during exercise could also be involved in the tolerance or cross-tolerance associated with exercise training.
Bruun et al. (5) reported that a combined caloric restriction and exercise regimen resulted in weight loss and a reduction in skeletal muscle IL-6 mRNA. However, the contribution of weight loss, energy restriction, and/or exercise to the observed reduction in IL-6 mRNA was unclear in that investigation. Gielen et al. (14) reported that aerobic exercise training (heart rate equivalent to ∼70% V̇o2max) for 20 min/day and one group training session of 60 min each week lowered IL-6 mRNA in skeletal muscle by ∼42% in chronic heart failure patients. Importantly, we show that combined resistance and aerobic exercise training but not diet-induced weight loss, in humans, results in reduced skeletal muscle IL-6 mRNA expression by ∼50% in frail obese elderly individuals.
Another important finding of this investigation is that TNF-α gene expression was reduced by ∼50% in response to exercise training but not due to weight loss. The exercise in this investigation was primarily resistance exercise with some aerobic exercise. This is consistent with the work of Greiwe et al. (16), indicating that resistance exercise reduces TNF-α gene expression in the skeletal muscle of frail elderly although their subjects were not obese. Likewise, Gielen et al. (14) reported that aerobic exercise training lowered skeletal muscle TNF-α mRNA by ∼38% in chronic heart failure patients. Thus both resistance and aerobic exercise training decrease TNF-α mRNA in skeletal muscle.
The lack of a significant effect of ∼7% weight loss on TNF-α mRNA in skeletal muscle is similar to the results of Mingrone et al. (28), who reported that a 4.6% decrease in body weight did not significantly decrease TNF-α mRNA. Further, Bruun et al.(5) reported that a 12.7% decrease in body weight was insufficient to decrease TNF-α mRNA in skeletal muscle. It is possible that there is a threshold of weight loss that will result in a significant decrease in TNF-α mRNA, as Mingrone et al. (28) also reported that a 23.6% decrease in body weight via gastric bypass resulted in an 82% decrease in muscle TNF-α mRNA. Thus it appears that only severe weight loss is sufficient to decrease TNF-α mRNA in skeletal muscle.
The lack of significant effect of weight loss on inflammatory markers (IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA) in skeletal muscle may be related to the fact that there appears to be a low abundance of macrophages (CD68+ cells) in skeletal muscle (5). It has been suggested that CD68+ cells are the source of cytokines in adipose tissue (8). Bruun et al. (5) found that IL-6 mRNA and TNF-α mRNA and CD68+ cells were reduced by weight loss in adipose tissue where their abundance is high but there was no effect of weight loss on skeletal muscle IL-6 mRNA, TNF-α mRNA, and CD68+ cells where the abundance of CD68+ cells is low. Thus difference in the abundance of CD68+ cells in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue may explain the difference between these two tissues with regard to the effects of weight loss. We hypothesize that the effects of exercise on TLR-4, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA is direct effect on skeletal muscle cells. This contention is supported by the work of Greiwe et al. (16), who found that TNF-α protein expression, localized to skeletal muscle via in situ hybridization, was reduced as a result of chronic exercise in frail elders.
MGF is a circulating muscle growth factor produced by alternative splicing of the IGF-I transcript and is involved in muscle tissue remodeling (15). Previous work has shown that MGF expression increases in response to one bout of resistance training in young but not old subjects (18). Similar results have been observed in an animal model of intense muscle contraction (30). Another important finding of this investigation was that exercise training markedly increased the skeletal muscle mRNA for MGF in the elderly. This is supported by the work of Hameed et al. (18), who reported a substantial increase in the mRNA for MGF as a result of 5 and 12 wk of exercise training. Interestingly, despite a ∼7% decrease in body weight in the weight loss group and therefore presumably a ∼7% decrease in the load on the muscles, there was no significant decrease in MGF expression.
A potential criticism of the present study is that the lack of effect of weight loss on inflammatory cytokine/growth factor expression may be due to a low sample size. We have, however, performed sample size calculations based on the observed difference between pre and post values for the weight loss group and the SD of the difference. We found that the number of subjects required to reach a significant effect were 210, 337, 103, and 25 for IL-6, TNF-α, TLR-4, and MGF, respectively. Therefore, when considering the feasibility of performing such interventions, it does not appear that a moderate increase in our sample size would have significantly influenced the results. A potential limitation of this study is that changes in mRNA expression in response to exercise training still need to be confirmed by changes in protein expression. The typical yield of muscle biopsy from obese elderly subjects was 50–100 mg of tissue sample. Therefore, although our findings of a discordant effect of weight loss vs. exercise on changes in cytokine/growth factor gene expression in local skeletal muscles are novel and interesting, they should be considered preliminary.
To our knowledge, this is the first study to directly compare the effects of weight loss alone vs. exercise alone on local regulators of skeletal mass, particularly in frail obese elderly. We conclude that exercise but not weight loss downregulates mRNA expression of TLR-4 and of the inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6, linked to increased muscle catabolism while upregulating mRNA expression of an anabolic factor, MGF, in skeletal muscles. Thus exercise but not weight loss is anti-inflammatory and anabolic to skeletal muscle in the frail obese. The anti-inflammatory and anabolic effects of exercise on gene expression were accompanied by increases in FFM, which was presumably muscle mass. These data suggest that, with regard to skeletal muscle anabolic/inflammatory gene expression, exercise is more efficacious than weight loss. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of combining resistance exercise and weight loss together on skeletal muscle mass and the intramuscular expression of cytokines and growth factors. Exercise appears to be an important intervention for maintaining and/or increasing muscle mass during weight loss. Indeed, data from our laboratory, in younger individuals, suggest that lower-body aerobic exercise-induced weight loss resulted in a large decrease in body fat but maintenance of lower body muscle mass while caloric restriction-induced weight loss resulted in a significant decrease in lower body muscle mass (42).
This research was supported by the following National Institutes of Health grants: R01-AG-025501, R21-AG-025721, P30-DK-56341 (Clinical Nutrition Research Unit Pilot and Feasibility), and M01-RR-000036 (General Clinical Research Center).
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
- Copyright © 2008 the American Physiological Society


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The Amazing Hostel Sayulita
Real Reviews
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These are trusted reviews from guests who have actually stayed here. We hope you find them helpful.
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- " The hostel was very quiet! To the extent where it was rather uncomfortable, and seemed to be deserted. There are rules posted everywhere, most of the rules were common sense, and unnecessary to post. The place was very clean, although, it seemed relative to the fact that no one was ever there. I stayed for one night and was happy to leave. "
- 05 Mar 2015 Rachel USA

subset: commoncrawl


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It's all about women who rock (or formerly rocked) this week on TV:
"Scandal" (Thursday, 10 p.m., ABC)
Honestly, who doesn't want to learn all about the perfectly polished Olivia's (Kerry Washington) wacky relationship with her estranged papa who popped up last season to seemingly kill her, even if he claims it was to off her boyfriend (which is … better?). Plus, she and her gladiators are still cleaning up from the reveal and then switcheroo on the prez's mistress, so there's plenty of work for this wonder woman.
"Sabrina: Secrets of a Teenage Witch" (Saturday, noon, The Hub)
The original comedy vehicle for Melissa Joan Hart hopped from ABC to The WB, and now family channel The Hub introduces a new computer-animated version, which is appropriate enough considering the original teenage witch was an Archie Comics character. This time, tween superstar Ashley Tisdale — she of "High School Musical" fame — voices the half witch who is decidedly more super hero than sorcerer. Plus, there are a lot of Tinkerbell-looking fairy friends and werewolves to apparently make this more appealing to a new generation.
"Boardwalk Empire" (Sunday, 9 p.m., HBO)
Guess who finally decided to return to the Boardwalk this week? Margaret (Kelly Macdonald), whom we last saw in season three refusing hubby Nucky's (Steve Buscemi) offer to come back to him, reunites with her wayward hubby in New York. Her absence from the first half of this season would have been more noticeable if not for Nucky's extended stay in Tampa, where he returns this week to reconnect with Bill McCoy (Pearce Bunting) and Sally Wheet (Patricia Arquette). And after the death of loyal valet Eddie (Anthony Laciura), Mrs. Thompson shouldn't assume that she's safe from an untimely end.
"The White Queen" (Saturday, 9 p.m., Starz)
In the penultimate episode of the fighting queens, Margaret (Amanda Hale) and Elizabeth (Rebecca Ferguson) plot against each other for the power to determine the fate of Edward (Max Irons) and Richard (Aneurin Barnard). These graying ladies — but otherwise seemingly un-aging — are as murderous and vengeful as ever as this fifteenth-century miniseries draws to a close. And as is typical of these historical dramas on Starz, you can expect a lot more blood and a whole lot more skin in their final fight for the crown.


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carbed to SPFI???
Posted 30 January 2004 - 03:10 AM
Posted 30 January 2004 - 03:36 AM
long answer: yes with a complete motor, harness, ECU
Posted 30 January 2004 - 05:00 AM
Now as for running turbo on and SPFI..... it can be done at low boost levels. In fact the same EA81 that has the SPFI, also had turbo added later if I recall.
Get a hold of rguyver - he's still around sometimes. He can tell you all about it.
Posted 30 January 2004 - 11:51 AM
dont i just need the ECM and enging wiing harness, as well as the SPFI system, bolt and go?? because my car has the ECM now for the carbed engine, and i was thinking of pulling the carb harness and ECM and swap in the otehr, plus the other SPFI when i have it together.
i was tinking it was strait forward, and not as complex as a chevy V8 carbed to FI which ive done many a time.
Posted 30 January 2004 - 02:39 PM
Originally posted by The Scooby
i was tinking it was strait forward, and not as complex as a chevy V8 carbed to FI which ive done many a time.
I dont think you will have many problems since you are familiar with going FI from carb. You dont need the heads at all. Just the intake manifold and everything that is attached to it. That's really the central nverouse system to the SPFI engine. plug all that junk into the ECU and you should be good to go.
Posted 30 January 2004 - 03:13 PM
Posted 30 January 2004 - 04:09 PM
Posted 30 January 2004 - 04:45 PM
Originally posted by Adam N.D.J.
Don't forget that you need to change out the fuel delivery system. The SPFI works at pressures of 40psi and above. So you would need the highpressure pump, and to run a new fuel delivery hose. The Carb'd supply hose works great for the return. I'm not sure, but on an EA82 you may have to change out the tank for this to work properly. Lotsa luck.
Good call Adam; I totaly forgout about needing the fuel pump. Shouldnt need the tank.
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Benylin dry coughs non-drowsy
Benylin dry coughs non-drowsy syrup contains the active ingredient dextromethorphan, which is a type of medicine called a cough suppressant. It is used to suppress a dry, tickly, unproductive cough.
What is it used for?
How does it work?
Benylin dry coughs non-drowsy syrup contains the active ingredient dextromethorphan, which is a type of medicine called a cough suppressant. It is used to suppress a dry, tickly, unproductive cough.
Coughing is a reflex response to irritation of the airways. It is useful for clearing mucus, dust and other particles from the throat and lungs. It is important because it reduces the amount of mucus, dust and bacteria in the airways that would otherwise make breathing difficult. However, sometimes, coughing can become overstimulated even when there is no mucus to clear from the lungs or throat. In this situation coughing serves no purpose and can become painful and frustrating.
Dextromethorphan can be used to block the cough reflex in situations where the cough serves no purpose, ie when no plegm is being coughed up. It works by reducing the nerve signals sent from a part of the brain called the coughing centre to the muscles that produce coughing.
How do I take it?
- Adults and adolescents aged 12 years and over should take two 5ml spoonfuls (10ml) up to four times a day as necessary.
- Do not exceed the recommended dose.
- If your cough doesn't get better despite taking this medicine you should consult your doctor.
- If you have any of the following symptoms you should not take this medicine and consult your doctor so that your cough can be investigated further: coughing up phlegm that is green, rusty brown, yellow, blood-stained or foul smelling; shortness of breath, wheezing or difficulty breathing; chest pain; pain and swelling in your calf; sudden weight loss; recurrent night-time cough; or a long-term persistent cough.
Not to be used in
- Children under 12 years of age.
- People at risk of severe breathing problems (respiratory failure).
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- People with a condition called bronchiolitis, which is inflammation of the smallest air passages in the lungs (bronchioles).
- People with a condition called bronchiectasis, in which there is persistent widening and excessive mucus in the airways, as a result of lung disease, eg infection, inflammation, tumours or cystic fibrosis.
- People who have taken a monoamine-oxidase inhibitor antidepressant (MAOI) in the last 14 days.
- People with an intolerance to certain sugars (this product contains sucrose, sorbitol and liquid glucose).
This medicine should not be used if you are allergic to one or any of its ingredients. Please inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have previously experienced such an allergy. If you feel you have experienced an allergic reaction, stop using this medicine and inform your doctor or pharmacist immediately.
Use with caution in
- People with a history of asthma (do not give to people having an asthma attack).
- People with decreased liver function.
- Diabetes (note sugar content).
- This medicine contains a small amount of alcohol (equivalent to approx 2.5ml wine per 5ml dose), which may be harmful for people suffering from alcoholism.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
Certain medicines should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding. However, other medicines may be safely used in pregnancy or breastfeeding providing the benefits to the mother outweigh the risks to the unborn baby. Always inform your doctor if you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy, before using any medicine.
- The safety of this medicine for use during pregnancy has not been fully established, although it has been in widespread use for many years without apparent ill consequence. As with all medicines, it should only be used during pregnancy if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs any potential risk to the developing baby. You should seek medical advice from your doctor, pharmacist or midwife before using this medicine if you are pregnant.
- It is not known if this medicine passes into breast milk. It should only be used during breastfeeding if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs any potential risk to the nursing infant. Seek medical advice from your doctor or pharmacist before using this medicine if you are breastfeeding.
Side effects
Medicines and their possible side effects can affect individual people in different ways. The following are some of the side effects that are known to be associated with this medicine. Just because a side effect is stated here does not mean that all people using this medicine will experience that or any side effect.
- Dizziness.
- Disturbances of the gut such as diarrhoea, constipation, nausea, vomiting or abdominal pain.
The side effects listed above may not include all of the side effects reported by the medicine's manufacturer. For more information about any other possible risks associated with this medicine, please read the information provided with the medicine or consult your doctor or pharmacist.
How can this medicine affect other medicines?
If you are already taking any other medicines, including herbal medicines and those bought without a prescription, you should check with your pharmacist before taking this medicine, to make sure that the combination is safe.
You should not use other cough and cold medicines in combination with this one. Different products may contain the same active ingredient(s) and using more than one at the same time could lead to you exceeding the recommended dose. Products containing cough expectorants have an opposite action to this medicine (they help mucus to be coughed up). For further advice talk to your pharmacist.
This medicine should not be used by people who are currently taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) medicine, or who have taken one of these medicines in the last 14 days. MAOIs include the antidepressants phenelzine, tranylcypromine, isocarboxazid and moclobemide, the antibiotic linezolid and rasagiline and selegiline for Parkinson's disease.
Other medicines containing the same active ingredient
- Boots dry cough relief lozenges.
- Robitussin dry cough medicine.
There are many other cough remedies available that contain dextromethorphan in combination with other active ingredients.
Last updated


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MINNESOTA SPORTS ROUNDUP: Tigers clinch AL Central with shutout win over Minnesota
MINNEAPOLIS -- Detroit right-hander Max Scherzer cruised to a 1-0 win over the Twins last night at Target Field, as Detroit clinched the American League Central title. Scherzer improved to 21-and-3 on the season, allowing two hits and striking out 10 in seven innings. Former Twin and current Tiger outfielder Torii Hunter had an RBI single in the first inning for the game's lone run. Joaquin Benoit locked up his 24th save with a perfect ninth inning. Kevin Correia was handed the tough-luck loss after giving up one run and seven hits in seven innings. Minnesota is 66-and-92.
Vikings quarterback Christian Ponder is suffering from a rib injury heading into this Sunday's game against Pittsburgh in London. Ponder says he was hurt early in this past Sunday's game against Cleveland but played through it. He says he will try to throw during practice this week and won't be concerned about his playing status until Friday. Both teams are 0-and-3.
Golden Gopher quarterback Mitch Leidner of Lakeville says he owes his offensive lineman all the credit for his record-tying performance last week against San Jose State. Leidner tied a team record by rushing for four touchdowns from the quarterback spot. Leidner is expected to start this weekend when Minnesota hosts Iowa for homecoming. Leidner has filled in for starter Phillip Nelson, who suffered a hamstring injury on September 14th against Western Illinois. Leidner made his first career start last week against San Jose State. Gopher coach Jerry Kill says the only way Nelson will play is if he is 100-percent. Saturday's kickoff is set for 2:30 p.m. at TCF Bank Stadium.
The ninth-ranked Golden Gopher volleyball team beat Indiana in straight sets last night to open Big Ten Conference play in Minneapolis. The Gophers are now 13-and-1 on the season and will play host to No 20 Purdue on Sunday at 1 p.m. Indiana fell to 8-and-4 on the year.
Torrey Mitchell tallied a goal and an assist as the Wild beat the Blues 3-1 at Xcel Energy Center. Charlie Coyle and Matt Cooke also lit the lamp for the Wild, who improved to 4-and-1 in preseason play. The teams play again Friday in St. Louis in the final preseason game for both clubs.
The Minnesota Lynx meet the Phoenix Mercury in Game One of the Western Conference Finals tonight at the Target Center. The Lynx swept the Seattle Storm in two games in the opening round to advance. The Mercury knocked off the Los Angeles Sparks in three games to move on.


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Libor fines from banks allocated to military charities
The latest tranche of money gathered from UK banks in Libor fines has been allocated to 24 military charities.
The £12m instalment will be used to fund projects including housing and mental health support schemes for military veterans.
It means a total of £35m has now been distributed to 96 charities from fines imposed on the banking industry for rigging the benchmark interest rate.
Ben Moore reports.
15 Dec 2013
- From the section UK


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3rd Day of the G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit
Outreach Working Session / Major Economies Leaders Meeting (MEM)
Press Conference by the Chair / Other Events
Click photographs to enlarge
In the morning, discussions on global warming issues and other topics took place at the outreach working session among the G8 leaders and leaders of five other nations, namely, the Federative Republic of Brazil, the People's Republic of China, the Republic of India, the United Mexican States, and the Republic of South Africa, and at the subsequent Major Economies Leaders Meeting (MEM) in which, in addition to the leaders who participated in the outreach working session, the leaders of the Commonwealth of Australia, the Republic of Indonesia, and the Republic of Korea attended. The outreach working session continued in the afternoon, and the three days of discussion then came to an end.
Upon the completion of the G8 Summit, Prime Minister Fukuda held the Chair's Press Conference at the International Media Center and announced the Chair's Summary of the G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit.
On the environment and climate change, the leaders agreed to seek to share with all Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) the vision of, and together with them to consider and adopt, the goal of achieving at least 50% reduction of global emissions by 2050.
The leaders, while sharing the recognition that world economy will lead a robust growth, agreed on the need to address, in particular, issues of elevated oil and food prices and global inflationary pressure, and stability of the financial markets.
On development issues, the leaders renewed their commitment to work with developing countries to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) at the midpoint to the MDGs. Regarding the assistance to the African nations, the leaders agreed on concrete measures to achieve economic growth and the MDGs, taking into account of the results of the Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD IV).
Of political issues, the leaders' focus was on non-proliferation. In particular, they indicated their will to continue their commitments to achieving the verifiable denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. The nations, recognizing the importance of the advancement of Japan-North Korea relations, including of the abduction issue, also expressed their will to cooperate. It was also confirmed that the G8 nations will cooperate to combat terrorism and reconstruct peace. On the situation of Zimbabwe, the G8 countries shared serious concern and issued a statement for the resolution of the issue.
Prime Minister Fukuda concluded the three-day G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit as he said, "The Summit this time became extremely important, even more so than recent ones, because this Summit took place at a time when global challenges such as ongoing global warming, soaring oil and food prices, and tension in financial markets are having an impact on the everyday life of people very close to home. At times our discussions got heated, but thanks to that, we have also been able to produce numerous results."
After the Chair's Press Conference, Prime Minister Fukuda returned to the hotel that served as the G8 Summit venue and held individual talks with leaders of nations.
At the talks with Mr. Hu Jintao, President of the People's Republic of China, Prime Minister Fukuda and President Hu exchanged views on North Korea's nuclear and abduction issues and confirmed that they will steadily advance the recent agreement on cooperation in the East China Sea. Furthermore, Prime Minister Fukuda made proposals on cooperation on the rebuilding and reconstruction activities in areas stricken by the Great Earthquake in Sichuan Province, to which President Hu stated that Japan's assistance is a sign of the Japanese people's friendship with the Chinese people.
At the talks with Mr. Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of the Republic of India, Prime Minister Fukuda and Prime Minister Singh exchanged views on issues concerning climate change, energy, and food security, and confirmed that they will cooperate closely in addressing the climate change issue in particular. On Japan-India relations, Prime Minister Fukuda stated that Japan intends to further advance cooperation with India to move the strategic global partnership to a further concrete level, including regional cooperation in Asia and cooperation in areas such as the United Nations Security Council reform, climate change, and the World Trade Organization (WTO).
At the talks with Mr. Felipe Calderon Hinojosa, President of the United Mexican States, Prime Minister Fukuda and President Hinojosa exchanged views on the climate change issue and confirmed that they will continue to cooperate closely in addressing the issue.
At the talks with Mr. Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, President of the Federative Republic of Brazil, Prime Minister Fukuda and President Lula da Silva exchanged views on Japan-Brazil bilateral relations and shared the recognition that Japan and Brazil have been developing increasingly close economic relations in many areas in recent years.Å@Furthermore, Prime Minister Fukuda stated that he intends to cooperate with President Lula da Silva, with a view to significantly advancing friendly, cooperative relations with Brazil even further.
At the talks with Mr. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, President of the Republic of Indonesia, Prime Minister Fukuda stated that President Yudhoyono's active remarks at the MEM were extremely useful.
At the talks with Mr. Kevin Rudd, Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia, Prime Minister Fukuda and Prime Minister Rudd exchanged views on the whaling issue and participation in an international commission on nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament, among other topics. The leaders also agreed to promote cooperation between Japan and Australia on the occasion of the Fifth Japan-Pacific Islands Forum Summit Meeting (PALM 5), which Japan will host next year, and through other fora.
Related link:


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will not provide. Stern says a common model combines occupational medicine services with walk-in services. In this format, area businesses can send employees in for drug screenings, physical examinations, and other services.
4. Know the back office. "Although you may hire others to oversee this," continues Stern, "the more you learn about coding, billing, and collecting your revenues, the more successful you will be."
5. Market early. Put up a sign as soon as the building is ready. "Newspaper articles are powerful," says Stern, who recommends inviting the press to the grand opening. "It's free advertising."
Pages: 1 2


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|low graphics version | feedback | help
|You are in: World: Europe
Wednesday, 11 July, 2001, 11:04 GMT 12:04 UK
Sleaze questions for Chirac's daughter
Investigating magistrates in France have questioned President Chirac's daughter over suspect cash payments made by her father for private trips for himself, his family and friends.
Claude Chirac, who works as an adviser to her father, was asked in particular about two specific flights to New York and Kenya, judicial sources said.
Investigators want to discover where Mr Chirac obtained some 2.4m francs ($312,000) in cash, used to pay for air tickets in the mid-1990s before he became head of state.
The president's office has said the money came from secret, but legal funds which Mr Chirac had previously controlled when he was prime minister.
BBC Paris correspondent James Coomarasamy says the affair is extremely damaging to Mr Chirac, who is expected to run against Socialist Prime Minister Lionel Jospin in next year's presidential election.
If the money came from a legal source, it suggests Mr Chirac used taxpayers' money to lead a life of luxury, our correspondent says.
But there are darker suspicions that it may have come from kickbacks on public works contracts during Mr Chirac's time as mayor of Paris.
Mr Chirac's wife, Bernadette, is also expected to be questioned.
The French newspaper Le Monde quoted sources close to the president as saying such a step would be tantamount to a "declaration of war."
The scandal has embarrassed Mr Chirac, who has come under intense pressure to explain why he paid cash for trips to several foreign locations.
Prosecutors are still deciding whether or not the head of state can be called as a witness.
Two-thirds of French people think he should, but the Elysee Palace has said the country's constitution bars him from testifying in any criminal investigation.
Aides to the president said he would answer the allegations in a televised interview on Saturday - France's annual Bastille Day.
See also:
11 Jul 01 | Europe
Clouds gather around Chirac
09 Jul 01 | Europe
Chirac strikes lucky in sleaze inquiry
26 Jun 01 | Europe
Chirac faces cash payments probe
21 May 01 | Europe
Chirac faces impeachment bid
29 Mar 01 | Europe
No-show Chirac faces press anger
28 Mar 01 | Europe
Chirac refuses court summons
15 Dec 00 | Europe
Chirac denies role in kickback scandal
28 Sep 00 | Europe
Cheques, lies and videotape
11 Jan 00 | Europe
Court upholds Chirac's immunity
19 Mar 01 | Europe
Chirac's accidental victory?
Internet links:
The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites
Top Europe stories now:
Links to more Europe stories are at the foot of the page.
Links to more Europe stories
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Thank you for being a loyal Plex subscriber!{{else}}
Go premium and get the best of Plex, learn more.{{/if}}
Thank you for being a loyal Plex subscriber!{{else}}
Go premium and get the best of Plex, learn more.{{/if}}
Every Plex app gives you instant access to these awesome features, wherever you go. Whether it's your huge movie collection, weeks of music, or loads of video footage and photos, Plex makes it easy to appreciate them all.
Have a ton of photos scattered all over the place? A big music library that you'd love to be able to listen to at work or the gym? A huge collection of movies to watch when you finally find the time? Never fear, the power of Plex is here! Plex organizes your media, makes your collections look great, and makes it easier than ever to find what you're looking for.
Expand your media universe by sharing. Plex lets you easily pick and choose what to share with family and friends, giving everyone access to all your favorite stuff. Now it's simple to share vacation photos of the kids with grandma across the pond, show off your mad GoPro videos with your friends, or flaunt that music collection that you've been carefully curating.
Mobile Sync lets you sync movies, music, and photos to your mobile device for offline enjoyment wherever your life may take you. Whether you are in the air, underground, or in the middle of the ocean, you will be able to access whatever you synced before you got there.
Keep the kiddos away from stuff they shouldn't see with parental controls. Or, if you have several people under the same roof, give them each their own managed account. This means no more losing where you are in a TV episode when someone else decides to watch without you.
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Use the Plex app on your phone or tablet to control any Plex player.
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Plex Pass gives you exclusive access to awesome new features and apps. Record TV for free over the air, sync your media for offline enjoyment, rest easy with parental controls, and enjoy enhanced music, photo and video features—all of this and much more when you upgrade.Learn more


text: My DD is having her first little girl sometime after Christmas and is totally redecorating the nursery. She found a set of crib bumpers/quilt/pillows on Etsy. It was a very girlish, ruffled and overstuffed; made from satins and brocades. I've looked at patterns from simplicity, mccalls, vogue, etc. but can't find anything with ruffles. I know ruffles aren't that difficult, but would really like the pattern for fabric requirements. Has anyone seen anything like this or know of a pattern that I can buy?


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Shepherd's Tree Game Lodge (Pilanesberg National Park, South Africa)
- Free breakfast and free parking
Main amenities
- 30 guestrooms
- Restaurant and bar/lounge
- Full-service spa
- Outdoor pool
- WiFi in the lobby
- Conference center
- Childcare
- Air conditioning
- Daily housekeeping
- Computer station
- Lobby fireplace
- Laundry service
- Free breakfast and free parking
Feel at home
- Children's pool
- Babysitting or childcare (surcharge)
- Kitchenette
- Private bathroom
- Patio
- Daily housekeeping
What's around
- In a national park
- Pilanesberg National Park (10.3 mi / 16.5 km)
- Lost City (11.1 mi / 17.9 km)
- Mogwase Shopping Center (22 mi / 35.4 km)
- Royal Bafokeng Stadium (24.1 mi / 38.7 km)
- Lebone II - College of the Royal Bafokeng (26.2 mi / 42.2 km)
- Olympia Park Stadium (31.5 mi / 50.7 km)
We had an awesome time at Shepherds Tree, the staff were so friendly and our guide for…
I highly recommend this lodge for anyone considering a stay in the game reserve. The…
Shepherd's Tree Game Lodge (Pilanesberg National Park, South Africa)
Hotel Info: (02) 8228 1927from A$447
- Standard Room
- Executive Suite
- Villa
More great choices
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 30 rooms
- Check-in time starts at 2 PM
- Check-out time is 10 AM
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Babysitting/childcare *
- No pets or service animals allowed
- WiFi in public areas *
- Free self parking
In the hotel
- Free breakfast
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Room service (during limited hours)
- Barbecue grills
- Outdoor pool
- Children's pool
- Full-service spa
- Spa treatment room(s)
- Golfing nearby
- Pool sun loungers
- One meeting room
- Conference center
- Computer station
- Concierge services
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Luggage storage
- Designated smoking areas
- Fireplace in lobby
In the room
- Air conditioning
- Ceiling fan
- Coffee/tea maker
- Bathrobes
- Patio
- Private bathroom
- Hair dryer
- Plasma TV
- Satellite TV channels
- Desk
- Kitchenette
- Daily housekeeping
Recommended hotels
Special features
Amani Spa has 3 treatment rooms including rooms for couples. Services include deep-tissue massages, Swedish massages, massages, and body treatments. A variety of treatment therapies are provided, including hydrotherapy.
Shepherd's Tree Game Lodge (Pilanesberg National Park, South Africa)'s small print
Also known as
- Shepherd's Tree Game
- Shepherd's Tree Game Lodge
- Shepherd's Tree Game Lodge Pilanesberg National Park
- Shepherd's Tree Game Pilanesberg National Park
- Shepherd's Tree Lodge
- Tree Game Lodge
- Shepherd`s Tree Game Hotel Pilanesberg National Park
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check in or check out:
- Resort fee: ZAR 100.00 per person, per week
Optional extras
Babysitting/childcare is available for an extra charge
WiFi is available in public areas for an extra charge
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us


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25 years of the GIF
It's given us dancing babies, Christmas greetings and a lot of weird stuff involving cats – this charming stop motion film celebrates 25 years of the Graphics Interchange Format
It's given us dancing babies, Christmas greetings and a lot of weird stuff involving cats – this charming stop motion film celebrates 25 years of the Graphics Interchange Format
The film ties in with Moving The Still, an exhibition of GIF art which is currently running as part of Miami Art Week and which is supported by online auction house Paddle8, Tumblr and Smart Water. The organisers ran an open call for entries over the autumn to provide content for the show. More, including examples of the selected GIFs, here.
Directed by Sean Pecknold
A LEGS Production
CR In print
In our December issue we look at why carpets are the latest medium of choice for designers and illustrators. Plus, Does it matter if design projects are presented using fake images created using LiveSurface and the like? Mark Sinclair looks in to the issue of mocking-up. We have an extract from Craig Ward's upcoming book Popular Lies About Graphic Design and ask why advertising has been so poor at preserving its past. Illustrators' agents share their tips for getting seen and we interview maverick director Tony Kaye by means of his unique way with email. In Crit, Guardian economics leader writer Aditya Chakrabortty review's Kalle Lasn's Meme Wars and Gordon Comstock pities brands' long-suffering social media managers. In a new column on art direction, Paul Belford deconstructs a Levi's ad that was so wrong it was very right, plus, in his brand identity column, Michael Evamy looks at the work of Barcelona-based Mario Eskenazi. And Daniel Benneworth-Gray tackles every freelancer's dilemma – getting work.
Our Monograph this month, for subscribers only, features the EnsaïmadART project in which Astrid Stavro and Pablo Martin invited designers from around the world to create stickers to go on the packaging of special edition packaging for Majorca's distinctive pastry, the ensaïmada, with all profits going to a charity on the island (full story here)
Please note, CR now has a limited presence on the newsstand at WH Smith high street stores (although it can still be found in WH Smith travel branches at train stations and airports). If you cannot find a copy of CR in your town, your WH Smith store or a local independent newsagent can order it for you. You can search for your nearest stockist here. Alternatively, call us on 020 7970 4878 to buy a copy direct from us. Based outside the UK? Simply call +44(0)207 970 4878 to find your nearest stockist. Better yet, subscribe to CR for a year here and save yourself almost 30% on the printed magazine.
CR for the iPad
Read in-depth features and analysis plus exclusive iPad-only content in the Creative Review iPad App. Longer, more in-depth features than we run on the blog, portfolios of great, full-screen images and hi-res video. If the blog is about news, comment and debate, the iPad is about inspiration, viewing and reading. As well as providing exclusive, iPad-only content, the app will also update with new content throughout each month. Try a free sample issue here


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LaValle Calls on President to Expand Disaster Assistance For Suffolk County
New York State Senator Kenneth P. LaValle today called upon President Obama and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to expand federal disaster assistance available to Suffolk County so that home and business owners can apply for federal assistance.
While localities in Suffolk will be eligible to receive federal assistance to pay for storm related road, bridge and infrastructure repairs, home and business owners were not included on the list for disaster assistance.
"Some residents of Suffolk have extensive damages from the storm," Senator LaValle said. "I am urging the federal government to provide whatever assistance is needed to help people recover."
Governor Cuomo requested that a total of 26 counties be declared disaster areas. FEMA declared that individuals in only seven counties are eligible to apply for federal grants and low interest loans.
"I am calling on the federal government to expand its declaration of disaster areas and not leave residents of Suffolk behind," LaValle said.


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|06 Apr 2009
Windows Vista SP3 + Windows 7
VLC not working
Seems I've come across a bug or issue with VLC in 7068 and 7057 64 bit. Or its triggered some response with my system so it doesnt work.
Basically I've been using VLC for all media and for no apparent reason it no longer functions. The vlc process is listed under task manager, and in fact it leeches system resources as it ?struggles? to play a video (which i have to manually shut down else 20%+ of my damn resources are sucked away). VLC opens but refuses to play any video or audio. Windows Media Player works fine.
Tried a full reinstall of vlc, even a system restore to 2 days before the issue started. No luck. When i upgraded from 7057 to 7068, it was working fine again, and then by the next day, not working again. Kinda at a loss. Some association bug? Also, it may be a coincidence but my multimedia keyboard's play/pause buttons stopped working roughly same time (Merc Stealth kb). Wont work with winamp or wmp when it did before. Again, tried reinstall of drivers, programs affected etc. And I DO have the keyboard functionality ticked for winamp aswell.
|My System Specs
|07 Apr 2009
Windows 7 Ultimate Build 7100 RC x86/Windows XP SP3 x86 (Dual Boot)
Working great for me.
|My System Specs
|07 Apr 2009
Linux CENTOS 7 / various Windows OS'es and servers
This is one program that I've NEVER had trouble with (including running on Linux systems).
Running fine on W7 X-64 build 7068.
Enc screenshot of DVD working on VLC build X-64 (watching in a Bar at Schipol Airport Amsterdam waiting for my flight).
|My System Specs
|24 Apr 2009
wndows vista basic with 3 2 bit
update shows error message. trouble shoot probem with
sh ows error message while updating vlc media player. trouble shoot error probl
|My System Specs
|03 May 2012
Windows Vista Home Premium 32 bit
Vlc Not working
Even I am experiencing the same issue with my Vlc Twoflower (2.0.0) in Widows Vista. But it works fine when I reinstall it. Did you check any other forums?
|My System Specs
|22 Dec 2013
windows 7 pro X 64
Gave up on VLC
It worked great for so many years, loved how I could run it off a thumb drive! Anyways, whether it be windows 7 or the last update it doesnt work, had an update about 10 months ago and it stopped..I would have issues with running full screen or it would display a black screen or it would start to stutter..it just became unstable in every imaginable way. I spent months working on it. I did system restores, I uninstalled, reinstalled, I loaded older versions. It wasnt just me...all of a sudden something happened and the ability to play DVD's stopped for my brother, my buddy at work said he suddenly stopped getting sound after an update. I run it on an old xp machine but I give up and had to move on to GOM which works ..I mean it just works. I am no fan of their ads, I feel VLC when it worked was superior, but I am tired of spending so much time wrestling with one program out of 50 and feel the same rumorseful way I did when I finally dropped netscape, adobe, and now VLC. Thanks for the many years of quality free support and what was once the best player you could own.
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Get the Facts
Diabetes and HIV/AIDS...Blurry vision Irritability Tingling or numbness in the hands or feet Difficulty healing Extreme fatigue Symptoms typically occur when glucose levels have gotten very high. If you are diagnosed while diabetes is in its early stages, you may not have any symptoms. Glucose Tests Since there are not always obvious symptoms of diabetes, it's important to have regular lab tests to check if your glucose levels are high. The most common...
Ask the Experts
Early HIV SymptomsOne wednesday night after having drank wine all day from being depressed over not having enough money, I decided to go to this strip club and watch. I bought shoes with me just in case I decided to dance. After a few drinks I decided to dance and...
Response from Robert J. Frascino, M.D.
The Robert James Frascino AIDS Foundation...Hi,If you had unprotected sex, yes it's possible you contracted an STD, including HIV, even though your partner didn't pop his cork inside you. Yes, pre-cum can transmit HIV."Symptoms" that arise "hours" after a Read more »
Early symptoms after HIV infectionWhat kind of symptoms can occur short after a primary infection of HIV? I was recently diagnosed but I feel very well. I'm not on treatment yet and my CD4 count is 600. No viral load result available yet. How long can a person live without...
Response from Keith Henry, M.D.
University of Minnesota, School of Medicine...problems to survival > 20 years for a small % of patients. In the pre-therapy days the average in the US from infection to AIDS was about 10 years with 1-2 years of survival once AIDS diagnosis. KH Read more »
Hiv/Aidswhat are the precautionary measures for Hiv/Aids patients
Response from Ewald Horwath, M.D.
University of Miami School of Medicine...of failing immunity (based on T cell count, viral load, or symptoms), then you have the opportunity to begin treatment at an early stage before becoming ill or at risk for opportunistic infections. Read more »
Life Insurance medical exam/Similar symptoms to HIV/AIDSHello I have 2 questions:1) What happens if an individual has been declined for life insurance due to having the HIV virus or the AIDS virus yet unaware? Does the Life Ins. Co. normally notify the individual (by mail, ph, etc?)and advise...
Response from Lynn L. Franzoi
Worldwide Benefits for Fox, Inc....him how to get more information with respect to why coverage was denied. I do not know what disease has symptoms closest to HIV but it is probably some immune deficiency disease. Read more »
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Connect With Others
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Posted by thinker, 3 Replies...of you out there would share your stories with me about your experience with ARS (earlysymptoms) before you were diagnosed HIV +. What type of symptoms did you have? How long after your exposure did they occurr? How long did they last? What was... Read more »
Key facts about HIV/AIDS - Note Last Item
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Weekend planner: Open houses at Allina, Snap Fitness planned
On Saturday morning, author Robert Gabrick will present "Going the Greyhound Way: The Romance of the Road," to the South Washington Heritage Society.
Saturday afternoon, the newly expanded and remodeled Allina Medical Clinic in Cottage Grove will be on display for all to see during an open house from 1 to 3 p.m.
Saturday and Sunday, 75 basketball teams, comprised of fifth- through ninth-grade girls including eight teams from Cottage Grove, will participate in the Cottage Grove Athletic Association's 23rd annual girls classic tournament.
Rose of Sharon Lutheran Church in Cottage Grove celebrates its 50th anniversary with a celebration dinner at 5 p.m. Saturday and a cake reception featuring former pastor Martin Krause following the worship service at 9 a.m. Sunday.
The Cottage Grove Lions Club hosts Bingo beginning at 7 p.m. every Monday at The Point Restaurant.
On Tuesday, a grand re-opening ceremony at Snap fitness will be held at 1 p.m., which will include a tour of the remodeled fitness center and discounts.
For more local events, click on the link the online calendar.


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Capitol Chatter: Vikings say seat licenses were part of the deal
ST. PAUL — The Minnesota Vikings say Gov. Mark Dayton and others are jumping the gun in criticizing the idea of selling pricey seats to some season-ticket holders.
In strong language, Dayton wrote to Vikings owners complaining about their interest in selling high-priced seat licenses to raise money that would count toward the team's contribution to a new nearly $1 billion stadium. He said he wanted a "people's stadium," not "a rich people's stadium."
The Vikings and legislative Republicans said the personal seat license provision was included in a bill that Dayton, a Democrat, pushed and signed earlier this year.
Dayton sent his letter after the team began surveying season-ticket holders about their interest in seat licenses. A Vikings official on Friday said the team probably should have told Dayton and others before the survey went out.
The Vikings say no decisions have been made about whether to sell seat licenses.
Balancing act
Incoming Senate Majority Leader Tom Bakk put together a leadership trio representing a wide demographic range and gave greater Minnesota senators a bit of an edge as committee chairmen.
The Cook Democrat is a white rural resident and veteran lawmaker, Assistant Majority Leader Katie Sieben of Cottage Grove is a suburban woman with moderate legislative experience and Deputy Majority Leader Jeff Hayden of Minneapolis is a black man and a relative newcomer.
Senators from outside the Twin Cities lead in committee chairmanships with eight. Six suburban lawmakers will take over committees in January, along with five from Minneapolis and St. Paul.
Less experienced
Rep. Kurt Daudt will lead Minnesota House Republicans next year, his second term in the Legislature.
But Robbie LaFleur of the Legislative Reference Library reports other lawmakers were leaders in their second terms: Anton Rockne, Henry Rines and Thomas Girling, were named caucus leaders in the early 1900s. In the 1800s, several representatives became House speaker in their first or second terms.
Rep. George Wilson became majority leader in his first term, in 1903.
A broadband view
More rural Minnesotans can get onto the Internet at high speeds than in the recent past, but a gap remains between them and those who live in the Twin Cities.
A report from the Center for Rural Policy and Development released at the Blandin Foundation's annual conference on broadband access showed three of four Minnesota homes have broadband Internet service (the kind faster than dial-up). In rural parts of the state, 71 percent of homes had the faster service, compared to 80 percent in the Twin Cities.
The study found that rural Internet users can conduct routine activities such as checking email and news, but activities that need more bandwidth are not as likely. For instance, streaming video online is not possible in much of rural Minnesota.
The study also showed that a lack of good wireless Internet connections put rural Minnesota at a disadvantage.
"Businesses do everything on the Internet these days, and distance learning and remote health care are being held up as solutions for educator and doctor shortages in rural areas, but many communities still don't have the Internet capacity to handle the kind of data flows these uses call for," said Marnie Werner, research manager at the center and chief author of the study.
'Grow economy'
Cities from around Minnesota decided economic development is their top legislative priority.
Members of the Coalition of Greater Minnesota Cities made that decision in an Alexandria meeting.
"Now that the election is over and we know who our legislators will be, the CGMC is laying out proposals that will help our cities grow and prosper," said CGMC President Bruce Ahlgren, mayor of Cloquet. "In 2013, greater Minnesota will be making it clear that our needs will no longer take a back seat to the metro area."
The coalition plans to lobby for programs targeted at their cities, including proposals to increase availability of money for new businesses, a new greater Minnesota employee training program and a proposal to provide incentives for greater Minnesota employers to hire interns from Minnesota colleges.
"Last year, the Legislature focused its efforts on bringing economic development to the Twin Cities by providing funding for the Vikings and Saints stadiums," Ahlgren said.
Restroom talk
Sen. Amy Klobuchar hit the national media as Congress began its lame duck session, but not for discussing budget woes.
It started when the Minnesota Democrat tweeted: "New senators here. W/20 women we had our first-ever in U.S. history traffic jam in women senators' restroom."
News organization from the Washington Post on down picked up on that tweet and comments she later made at the Newseum.
There will be a record 20 women senators in the next Congress.
It was not just women talking about restrooms. The subject also was on the mind of U.S. Rep.-elect Rick Nolan, D-Minn., who is returning to Washington after being gone three decades.
Bill feels ignored
Kurt Bills is not getting back into politics, at least any time soon, but he still has thoughts about it.
The Republican U.S. Senate candidate who lost to Sen. Amy Klobuchar by 35 points is not happy with his party for not providing its full support.
"If we don't become the party of addition and multiplication we will become the party of division and subtraction," he said in his concession speech. "It's time to start learning that once you have that endorsement process you come together and run against the opponent. The opponent is the blue guys."
Bills told Nathan Hansen of the Rosemount TownPages that statewide media did not take him seriously.
"He patterned his campaign explicitly after the campaign of Paul Wellstone, down to replicating one of Wellstone's commercials," Hansen wrote. "But where Wellstone was treated as a scrappy underdog, Bills often felt ignored."
On the other hand, as one Capitol reporter wrote, Wellstone had built his name in an earlier unsuccessful run for statewide office and met with the media often.
Bills' campaign refused to allow a Star Tribune reporter a pre-election interview. When Forum Communications tried to arrange a time to follow him on the campaign trail after a one-hour interview, the campaign offered to allow coverage of a 10-minute speech.
The campaign seldom told reporters where the candidate would be.
At the same time, Klobuchar allowed news reporters with statewide audiences to follow her for hours, including in-depth interviews with her between stops.
Bills appears happy to be back teaching full time, after limiting himself to teaching only an early-morning class during the campaign.
"He is happy being what he describes as a shooting star rather than a guiding light in Minnesota politics," Hansen wrote.


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Watch an Entire Movie Squeezed into a Single GIF, Because Why Not
You like GIFs. You like movies. How about entire movies compressed into GIFs that will turn your brain to scrambled eggs and possibly hurt your eyeballs?
Enter the newest bizarre subreddit on Reddit: r/fullmoviegifs. It's a community of GIF wizards taking feature-length films and compressing them into 40-second versions of movies in hyperspeed, from opening to closing credits.
The idea was born earlier this week in a comment thread on r/gifs, when user ydnab2 asked for a subreddit dedicated to full-movie GIFs. User mat01ss pointed out the inactive subreddit r/featurelengthgifs and then took the initiative to make r/fullmoviegifs, which at the time of this writing had 2,535 subscribers after 2 days of existence. matt01ss is the primary contributor to the subreddit.
So what are these GIFs like? Check out a few samples below. Spoiler warning…we think.


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Thanks for thy present! None sweeter or better.
A poem for Thanksgiving Day
John Greenleaf Whittier 9 p.m., Nov. 22
I am sure some one could make the argument that this is not the kind of attention a beach town, whose economy is based around tourism, should welcome, especially in the middle of such hard economic times. But, that's not what bothered me about the whole situation. What really bothered me was that it seemed like everyone I spoke to saw it as a clear question of, "Do you support the Black, or do you support the trolls?" (Troll being the local term for a really dirty homeless person.) "What kind of question is that?", I would think to myself. It reminded of the, "You're either with us, or against us," mentality that prevailed during President Bush's years in office. It made me so angry that no one else saw this. So, I would try to diffuse the situation with a little humor, while also trying to remind people the absurdity of the entire argument. "Of course I support the Black", I would always respond, "That's where I buy all my bongs!" However, I never did tell my friends and co-workers, all of which I really cared for and respected, that I thought the message they were embracing was, at best, in poor taste. I definitely never told anyone that I thought it was really divisive, short sighted, and framed OB in a really negative light. I knew better. I knew if I wanted to continue to have friends, it would be best to keep my opinions on this subject to myself.


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Our breadth and diversity is reflected in our people. We employ around 8,000 people right around New Zealand. They come from a wide range of backgrounds, skills and specialisations and we value the richness that diversity brings to our business.
Valuing our people
As one of New Zealand's largest employers, we understand that our people drive our success. That's why we work hard to make our organisation a place where every one of our people is valued for the contribution they make and are supported in achieving their individual goals.
Celebrating difference
You might be one of 8,000 staff, but to us you're unique. Recognising and celebrating the diversity of our people helps us to deliver even better service to our customers.
We are committed to building a creative and inclusive culture where the ideas, beliefs, attitudes and skills of all our people are valued. We recognise that work is just one part of people's lives, and we encourage our people to bring their whole selves to work. Right now we are focusing on:
- Respecting and connecting with the community
Celebrating differences, enabling us to better connect with our customers, colleagues and communities. For example, we support the establishing of networking groups to enable people of similar backgrounds, interests and ideas to get together.
- Diversity in leadership
Creating innovative leadership teams who succeed through diversity of thought and reflect the diversity of our people.
- Leading and inspiring
Great leaders and great leadership are part of the way we do things around here. We want our staff to be inspired and managed effectively. As one of New Zealand's financial leaders we focus on leadership excellence at every level of the organisation, and support our leaders in building high performance teams.
Our leaders know what is expected of them. A comprehensive leadership learning curriculum and our leadership talent programmes make sure we are growing and supporting future leaders. We partner with international institutions on our leadership programmes and work closely with the ANZ brands to implement our global leadership capability strategy.
- Different personalities, shared values
Just as we have diversity in our brands and businesses, you will notice a different feel across our organisation. Each area has its own unique personality, while working within a framework of shared business goals and values. Although we are a family of different brands, our shared values unite us. Our values are critical to our decision making and interactions with each other.
- Doing the right things well:
- Integrity - 'Do what is right'
- Collaboration - 'Work as one'
- Accountability - 'Own your actions'
- Respect - 'Value every voice'
- Excellence - 'Be your best'
Recent recognition of our achievements in Diversity and Inclusion
For the 2nd year in a row ANZ NZ has been awarded the Supreme YWCA Equal Pay Award. YWCA Equal Pay Awards recognise business leaders who champion equal pay within their organisations, those who step forward and be counted to become thought leaders, and help create a fairer future for everyone.
Read more about the YWCA Auckland Equal Pay awards and details of our ANZ 2016 Supreme award.
ANZ NZ are proud recipients of the 2016 White Camellia Supreme Award, which celebrates organisational commitment to the Women's Empowerment Principles (WEPs). A UN Women and UN Global Compact initiative, the White Camellia Award recognises our overall commitment to improving gender equality in our workplace and the pragmatic approach we are taking to empower women.
Read more about the Women's Empowerment Principles and details of our ANZ 2016 Supreme Award.
ANZ Partners
In August 2014 ANZ first received accreditation into the Rainbow Tick programme, and we have continued with this annual accreditation. This demonstrates that ANZ welcomes diversity and inclusiveness and values the contribution of its talented LGBTI staff to the success of our organisation.
For more information, visit the Rainbow Tick website.
ANZ is committed to ensuring our workplace welcomes, supports and celebrates the unique contributions of all our people, and ensuring our products and services are inclusive and accessible to everyone.
ANZ partners with Be. Accessible, a social change initiative and a holistic framework for accessibility with a mission to create a truly accessible country for us all.
For more information, visit the Be Accessible website.
Global Women are transforming the leadership landscape of women in New Zealand by championing diversity and its positive impact on business performance. As a Major Partner since 2014, ANZ is proud to support this organisation
David Hisco, our ANZ New Zealand CEO, is a valued member of the Champions of Change initiative, as a CEO who is committed to raise the value of diversity and inclusion within their organisation and implement strategies to actively promote the concept amongst peers.
For more information, visit the Global Women website.
Since 2015, ANZ has been an Empowerment Partner of the UN Women National Committee Aotearoa New Zealand. They exist to mobilise support for UN Women's work and build strategic relationships with companies who are committed to this agenda.
Hear how ANZ is leading the way
Pocket Money
An excellent environment
Wherever you work within the organisation you will see a focus on unequivocal excellence, high performance, meeting our customers' needs and making a difference in our communities. Collaboration, innovation and the ability to adapt to changing needs are important to our future success. We believe the difference is in our people – ensuring they are confident, capable, empowered and engaged.
Working for one of our brands you'll discover an energetic and positive work environment where you'll be challenged, inspired, and supported as part of a friendly and talented team.
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Paquetexpress, a logistics firm based in Los Mochis, Sinaloa Mexico has appointed J. Canavati & Co. LLC. as their international representative. J. Canavati & Co. LLC is charged with developing global markets for the company as well as implementing new international logistics products for their current book of business and customers. "We could not be more pleased." Said Jorge Canavati, President of J. Canavati & Co LLC. "We deeply appreciate the confidence bestowed upon our expertise."
"This is a very important project for us." Said Jesús Velázquez, Executive Vice President of Paquetexpress. "This will permit us to offer our services worldwide competitively for current and new customers. World commerce keeps growing and we will be at the forefront." Continued Velázquez.
"We will be involved in air, ocean and over the road cargo project development in various international markets." Continued Canavati. "We hit the ground running."
Paquetexpress was founded in 1985 in Los Mochis, Sinaloa. It was the first courier express and package delivery firm in Northwest Mexico. Today the company boasts 365/24/7coverage Mexico wide. Paquetexpress employs 2500 people throughout Mexico and it is ranked in the top ten courier companies in Mexico. The company's mission is to deliver integrated logistics solutions to the marketplace with the utmost highest standards of quality, superior to the customers' expectations.


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Cool. Can you post a log what you changed and what us different?
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Guest Post By Divya
Blossom Kochar Aroma magic is all about natural ingredients. It claims to be 100% paraben, chemical and alcohol free and has pure carrier and essential oils induced in all the products. Recently, I have been trying a lot of Aroma Magic products and they are working awesome for me. Today's review is about the Aroma Magic Camphor Ice Foot Cream.
Price: Rs.130 for 60g
Expiration: 2 years
What product claims: Repairs cracked heels and softens the skin. For All skin types