text:
Immobilization of enzyme and antibody on ALD-HfO2-EIS structure by NH3 plasma treatment
© Wang et al; licensee Springer. 2012
Received: 30 November 2011
Accepted: 8 March 2012
Published: 8 March 2012
Thin hafnium oxide layers deposited by an atomic layer deposition system were investigated as the sensing membrane of the electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor structure. Moreover, a post-remote NH3 plasma treatment was proposed to replace the complicated silanization procedure for enzyme immobilization. Compared to conventional methods using chemical procedures, remote NH3 plasma treatment reduces the processing steps and time. The results exhibited that urea and antigen can be successfully detected, which indicated that the immobilization process is correct.
The variation of human body fluid in tiny concentrations can be critical for clinical diagnosis. Therefore, the detection of chemical and biological species through microelectronic sensor devices has attracted great attention over the past decade. Ion-sensitive field-effect transistors [ISFETs] are one of the silicon-based potential metric sensors with the advantages of compatibility and integration with advanced complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor processes and cost reduction. Until now, plenty of high-k materials have been applied to the sensing membranes of ISFETs, including SiO2, Si3N4[1, 2], Ta2O5[3–5], Al2O3[6], TiO2[7, 8], HfO2[9, 10], SnO2[11], etc. Among numerous proposed high-k materials, hafnium oxide [HfO2], characterized by high pH sensitivity, low drift, low hysteresis, and low body effect, is a promising pH-sensing material [9, 12]. In recent years, there are more and more developments on ISFETs such as the chemical field-effect transistor, enzymatic field-effect transistor [EnFET], Bio-FET [13], DNAFET, etc. For the purpose of monitoring the small changes in body fluid during the early stages, an accurate and stable sensor is needed.
As mentioned above, EnFET is one of the sensors for many biomarkers. The earliest report of EnFET was proposed by Caras and Janata in 1980 [14]. Subsequently, many biomarkers have been detected by EnFET, such as penicillin [14], urea [15], glucose [16], creatinine [17], etc. To fabricate the EnFET, a specific enzyme is immobilized on the surface of the sensing membrane of an ISFET. Moreover, to immobilize biomolecules (such as enzymes, antibodies, and probe-DNAs) [18] for monitoring the biomarkers (antigens and target-DNAs), many approaches have been developed, including physical adsorption [19, 20], covalent bonding [21], entrapment [22], etc. However, the silanization procedure for producing reactive groups (NH2) on the material is time-consuming and complicated.
In this paper, the pH sensing properties of HfO2 sensing layers with various thicknesses were fabricated by an atomic layer deposition [ALD] system and investigated by an electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor [EIS] structure. The EIS structure is a capacitive sensor in which the changes in surface potential between the electrolyte and the sensing insulator could be measured according to the shift of capacitance-voltage [C-V] curves. Compared to the complex processing of the ISFET, EIS is one of the simplest platforms as an ISFET replacement for the preliminary investigation of the properties of new sensing materials. For the purpose of saving the process time of the bioreactor immobilization, HfO2 sensing membranes with post-ammonia [NH3] plasma treatment were used to replace the chemical procedures.
Experimental process
The standard buffer solutions from pH 2 to pH 12 for the pH detection were purchased from Merck (Taipei, Taiwan). For the experiment about urea and antigen, all materials were bought from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA), including urease, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, glutaraldehyde [GA], urea, ethanolamine, and bovine serum albumin [BSA]. Anti-BSA is provided from the Biomedical Engineering Center of Chang Gung University. Urea and urease solutions were diluted with a phosphate buffer solution, which has been adjusted to pH 6 and pH 7.4 as a background solution for urea and BSA detection, respectively [15, 17].
The EIS structures with an ALD-HfO2 sensing membrane were used in this study (hereafter, the sample is called ALD-HfO2-EIS). After standard RCA clean, thin HfO2 layers with different thicknesses were deposited on p-type Si wafers by an ALD system at 200°C using tetrakis(ethylmethylamino)hafnium as the precursor. H2O vapor served as the oxygen source, and Ar gas was supplied as the purge and carrier gas. The thicknesses of ALD-HfO2 films are 3.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 nm. The ALD system was initially pumped down to 1 × 107 Torr, and the working pressure was maintained at 5 × 10-1 Torr with purified Ar flow of 200 sccm. Next, a 300-nm-thick aluminum (Al) film as the back-side contact was evaporated on the wafer after removing the native oxide. Hereafter, to define the sensing area, a negative photoresist SU8-2005 (MicroChem Corporation, Newton, MA, USA) was used in a standard photolithography process. Finally, the EIS structures were assembled on printed circuit boards with a silver paste (TED PELLA, Inc., Redding, CA, USA) and then encapsulated with epoxy.
In order to compare with the samples with plasma treatment, the ALD-HfO2-EIS structures with conventional covalent bonding were used on the HfO2 layer without NH3 plasma treatment as the control samples as shown in Figure 1b[23]. On one hand, for urea detection, the urease powder was mixed with the phosphate buffer in a concentration of 1.5 μg/mL, and the urease was dripped on the open window of EIS before storing the sample at 4°C (in the fridge) overnight. On the other hand, for BSA detection, anti-BSA was immobilized after the sample was immersed in GA. Afterwards, ethanolamine was dripped for blocking. After rinsing the non-immobilized biomolecular by phosphate buffer, the EISs were ready for measurement.
Results and discussion
In this work, we investigated the effect of thickness on the pH sensitivity of thin HfO2 films formed by ALD based on the EIS structure. Moreover, a simple remote NH3 plasma treatment developed on an ALD-HfO2 membrane to replace the complicated silanization procedure for biomolecular immobilization in a covalent bonding method was proposed. Promising results in urea and antigen detections were obtained. They indicated that the remote NH3 plasma treatment is an attractive method to form the NH2 group on the membrane surface, suggesting an excellent potential on bio-sensing application.
This work was supported by the National Science Council of the Republic of China under contract number NSC98-2221-E-182-057-MY3.
Authors' Affiliations
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- Lai CS, Yang CM, Lu TF: pH sensitivity improvement on 8 nm thick hafnium oxide by post deposition annealing. Electrochem Solid-State Lett 2006, 9: G90. 10.1149/1.2163550View ArticleGoogle Scholar
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- Pijanowska DG, Torbicz W: pH-ISFET based urea biosensor. Sens Actuat B 1997, 44: 370. 10.1016/S0925-4005(97)00194-9View ArticleGoogle Scholar
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- Soldatkin AP, Montoriol J, Sant W, Martelet C, Jaffrezic-Renault N: Creatinine sensitive biosensor based on ISFETs and creatinine deiminase immobilised in BSA membrane. Talanta 2002, 58: 351. 10.1016/S0039-9140(02)00283-7View ArticleGoogle Scholar
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- Temple-Boyer P, Benyahia A, Sant W, Pourciel-Gouzy ML, Launay J, Martinez A: Modeling of urea-ENFETs for haemodialysis applications. Sens Actuator B-Chem 2008, 131: 525. 10.1016/j.snb.2007.12.037View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Sun LP, Zhang Z, Wang S, Zhang J, Li H, Ren L, Weng J, Zhang QQ: Effect of pH on the interaction of gold nanoparticles with DNA and application in the detection of human p53 gene mutation. Nanoscale Res Lett 2009, 4: 216. 10.1007/s11671-008-9228-zView ArticleGoogle Scholar
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


text:
Some residents in Hollywood were evacuated Wednesday morning after city crews struck and ruptured a high-pressure gas line.
The incident happened around 8:30 a.m. in the 1800 block of Lee Street.
Fire Rescue Chief Joel Medina said that though you couldn't see it and everything looks normal, the gas plume is in the air and if an ignition source lit it up, the whole block would blow up.
Gas Leak, Evacuation on W. Broward Blvd.
Hollywood Fire Rescue and police quickly arrived, knocking on doors and evacuating nearby residents from their homes.
The nearby streets were later reopened and residents were allowed to return to their homes.
VIDEO: Witness Describes Gas Pump Crash Fire
Published at 3:07 PM EDT on Aug 8, 2012 | Updated at 6:27 PM EDT on Aug 8, 2012

subset: commoncrawl


text:
For aspiring law librarians, the most useful aspects of library school are often those that afford the opportunity for practical experience. In most instances, these opportunities take the form of internships. Sometimes done for pay, sometimes done for academic credit, and sometimes done just for the experience itself, internship opportunities allow aspiring law librarians to get a better sense of what sort of work they hope to do post-graduation. They also act as an excellent means of differentiating themselves from their job-seeking peers.
Those same internships create new opportunities for the law libraries themselves. Interns can benefit law libraries in a number of ways - they can bring a fresh perspective to a project that has stalled; they may be more familiar with new and developing technologies; they may have a skillset that is helpful but not duplicated on the full-time staff (e.g., foreign-language skills, a background in a particular legal practice area).
Done properly, both intern and law library can benefit greatly from these opportunities, either as a one-time occurrence, or as the beginning of an established intern program. But doing it properly and avoiding common problems does take some planning, effort, and foresight.
This summer at AALL, this topic will be explored in far more depth as part of the Law Library Interns: How to Make Them Work for You program. Representatives from academic (Kelly Leong), government (Peter Roudik), and court (Daniel Cordova) law libraries will discuss their own successful internship programs and the growing pains they experienced making those programs succeed – including the identification of the most-common pitfalls of such programs.
I'll be moderating and offering my own perspective as someone who had the chance to complete invaluable internships at the Peking University School of Transnational Law, Legal Research Center and the National Indian Law Library.
As a bit of a preview, here are some issues worth considering:
I am currently co-teaching the "Special Libraries" class offered by the University of Missouri-Columbia (MU) and the University of Nebraska-Omaha (UNO) in the Information Science and Learning Technologies (SISLT) program this spring semester. Special Libraries a hybrid class of face-to-face class meetings, online discussion via Blackboard and outside classes or site visits scheduled at a variety of special libraries throughout the state of Nebraska.
A unique aspect of this class is the opportunity to meet, learn from, and "talk shop" with librarians who work in special libraries. The site visits create awareness among the students to library opportunities beyond public and academic libraries, and can be the "ah-hah" moment for some students who are looking to merge previous work experience or education with librarianship. This spring semester my class and I will visit a number of special libraries including; corrections, law, medical, newspaper, engineering, music, tribal, special collections within two large academic libraries, community college libraries, and two different genealogy collections. So the big question is: what makes a special library – special?
The second big discussion, not so much a question is; what competencies should librarians at special libraries have? For this class, we use the Competencies for Information Professionals of the 21st Century from the Special Libraries Association (SLA) https://www.sla.org/about-sla/competencies/ The competencies are divided into three broad categories: Professional Competencies, Personal Competencies, and Core Competencies; also included in the document are numerous Applied Scenarios for each category to illustrate how the competency is demonstrated in the work environment.
Each time I teach Special Libraries, I am asked how the competencies for law librarians compare to other special library competencies such as those for music librarians or archival librarians. In a nutshell: we all work in a library environment, assist patrons with information needs and oversee library collections. Each type of special library association has an expectation of what specific skills and competencies are necessary for librarians to best serve their patrons. There is overlap among the lists of competencies for information professionals or librarians; visit the American Library Association (ALA) website to review the list of competencies by professional organizations, including the American Association of Law Libraries (AALL); http://www.ala.org/educationcareers/careers/corecomp/corecompspecial/knowledgecompetencies
My goal by May 1st, the last Special Libraries class for the semester, is that the students have visited and interacted with different types of libraries. These visits should create an appreciation for the role of special libraries in education, and the community the library serves. It should introduce the students to librarians who passionately promote and communicate the importance of information - that happens to be housed in a special library collection. Most importantly, I hope the students see an opportunity to change the world with the information shared by our special libraries.
Marcia L. Dority Baker is the Access Services Librarian at the University of Nebraska College of Law, Schmid Law Library in Lincoln, Nebraska. She can be reached via email; email@example.com
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It is quite possible that daylight saving time is one of the most unambiguously contentious issues of our time. I'm not saying it's the only one, but given the sheer weight of legislation, vials of ink, hours of discussion dedicated to the issue…
By Guest Post Green Living, Renewable EnergyMarch 13, 2014
Is Daylight Savings Energy Efficient? No, Says Expert
Is Daylight Savings Energy Efficient? No, Says Expert (via Clean Technica)
Guest Post
Articles appearing under this byline come from a news syndication network or related service EarthTechling editors curate for relevant stories for our readers. They may also be articles submitted to us for publication by others we feel could offer value.
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Can rooftop solar panels support the grid? Time to measure it up!
- jaybird
We here in AZ, US don't miss it at all, but we are so tired of having to track it anyway for so many other national and global locations. Ditch it…and get rid of the U.S. electoral college too while you're at it! 🙂


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Written on: 23/01/2013
Very told me my delivery would arrive on next day delivery in the morning. Waited until 4pm the next day still no sign of it arriving, even though my tracking order said it was in delivery since 10:30am. Emailed customer service and was told they try delivered it tomorrow. I asked to cancel my order and the women emailed me some encrypted message in which she said it was too late to cancel my order but she had canceled it. WHAT DOES THAT EVEN MEAN! so in the end after getting very annoyed she canceled my order and has told me i need to wait 14 days for a refund.
Really poor service.
Written on: 27/01/2013
Hi there,
We're sorry to hear that your delivery had not taken place.
We do make every effort to deliver goods on the dates specified, however, these dates are only expected and not guaranteed.
Once an order is in transit, we are unable to cancel it as the order has progressed too far. In instances like this we would issue a 'Stop & Return.' This means, an advisor will contact the depot and ask them not to deliver the parcel and to return it straight back to us. Once this item is returned and received into our returns centre then it will be credited back to your account.
We always advise to allow 14 days for this happen. This is a guideline and can happen a lot quicker.
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To celebrate the Boston Marathon this year, New Balance and Concepts team up on a special release of Made in the USA 574s. The Northern Lights pack consists of three colorways, featuring glow in the dark panels, laces and soles. This marks the first time New Balance has used glow in the dark technology on a USA manufactured shoe. A release is set for Saturday, April 13 exclusively at Concepts in limited numbers.
Concepts x New Balance 574 "Northern Lights" Pack
Highsnobiety Sneakers


text:
Share Your Thoughts with the Dean
Learn more about Dean Baynes
have all been touched or know someone who has been affected by the
severe weather and flooding in Texas over the past several weeks.
UH Law Center remains committed to helping members of our community in
need and through the Texas Consumer Complaint Center will offer legal
assistance to flood victims. The Center, under the leadership of
Professor Emeritus Richard M. Alderman and Professors David Tiede and
Rick McElvaney, will provide legal information and also help answer
questions on rights and options under the law. If you know someone in
need of assistance, please let them know that they can file a form at texasccc.com or call 877-839-8422.
was the wettest month in Texas for the past 120 years, culminating in
storms in the final days of the month causing a number of fatalities and
untold damage to property. Unsafe driving conditions in the area forced
the one-day closure of the University of Houston and the Law Center,
but our building stood strong and came through the flood unscathed.
As we recover from this devastating flood, please keep the
members of our community in our collective thoughts and prayers.
Leonard M. Baynes Dean & Professor of Law University of Houston Law Center


text:
Saint Evaristus, (born , Antioch?, Syria—died c. 107, Rome; feast day October 6), pope from c. 97 to c. 107 during the reign of the Roman emperor Trajan. He was the fifth pope and the immediate successor of St. Clement I. Though he is usually called a martyr, his martyrdom is unproved.
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…studied at Christ's College at Cambridge, and was ordained in 1882. He served as Dean of Westminster Abbey from 1902–1911. Robinson died in 1933. St. Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians: Greek Text Author: Charles J. Ellicott Publisher: Longmans, Green and Co. Publication Date: 1887 … more
Brooke Foss Westcott (1825–1901) was a British bishop, biblical scholar, and theologian serving as bishop of Durham from 1890 until his death.
Westcott studied at Trinity College in Cambridge where he graduated in 1848. He stayed at Trinity, where in 1849 he obtained his fellowship and was ordained deacon and priest. He received honorary degrees from Oxford in 1881 and Edinburgh 1883. In 1890, he became the bishop of Durham.
He has authored several works, including Introduction to the New Testament in the Original Greek, A General View of the History of the English Bible, Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament, and Saint Paul's Epistle to the Ephesians.


text:
Weekly Football Betting Public Action Report
by Trevor Whenham - 11/16/2012
The down cycle for the Public Action Report continued last week. Only a late rally by Virginia against Miami that earned a push avoided an 0-4 ATS weekend. The fundamentals behind this report have proven sound over the years, so this current month of frustration is just a reminder of how hard sports betting can be, and how important it is to maintain a long-term view when the short term sucks.
Time for another quick reminder of what the Public Action Report is all about. Typically when the action on a game is unbalanced — more than 70 percent of bets placed on one team — we would expect the line movement to make the popular team less attractive so that the action doesn't get more unbalanced for the books. What we are interested in, though, is the games in which the action is unbalanced, yet the line move makes the popular team even more attractive. When the line movement is the opposite of what you would expect it typically means that the smart money — a small number of high-dollar, successful, intelligent professionals — is on the unpopular side. That means that the unpopular team is worth a close look. The purpose of the Report isn't to suggest games you should bet on blindly. It's far more valuable as a way to spot games you might want to look closer at, and to change your mind on games you might have been thinking about betting.
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There are only three games that fit the criteria in all of football this week — and none in the NFL, where the Report has definitely been stronger. Without further ado:
Illinois (+6) vs. Purdue (Saturday, Nov. 17, 3:30 p.m. ET)
More than three-quarters of bets have been on the Boilermakers, yet the lie opened at the key number of seven and has fallen a point since then. That's the opposite of what we would expect, and because it involves a key number it is more significant than it otherwise would be. That means that Illinois is worth a close look in this one. In some places the books even opened the line at 7.5 before moving it down, so they exposed themselves to the possibility of being middled at a key number. Books hate when that happens, so they have to have a good reason to make a move like this. Illinois is a lousy team riding a seven-game losing streak. Purdue isn't exactly a dominant squad, either, though — they have dropped five of their last six and have failed to cover five of their last seven, and they are dealing with the distraction of a coach who is all but certain to be fired at the end of the year. They have little to play for — especially on the road against a lousy team — and could easily be unfocused. That could give Illinois the edge they need to cover this spread.
Michigan State (-7.5) vs. Northwestern (Saturday, Nov. 17, 12 p.m. ET)
The story here is the opposite of the last game. Here the underdog, Northwestern, has drawn three-quarters of the action, yet the line has moved from 6.5 to 7.5. That means that the Spartans draw our attention in this one. Northwestern is coming off a crushing come-from-ahead overtime loss in Michigan last week, and the Wildcats have now blown leads in two of their last three and have lost three of their last five. They are going to be a weary and frustrated team, and this game is one that could certainly see them come out flat and play poorly. The Spartans have lost three of their last four, but one game was in overtime and the other two were by two and four points — and they have come against solid opposition. They have beaten Northwestern four times in a row, and the movement here suggests that they could do so again.
South Alabama (+7) vs. Middle Tennessee State (Saturday, Nov. 17, 3:30 p.m. ET)
More than 70 percent of bets have been on Middle Tennessee in this one, yet the line has dropped a full field goal from ten points to seven. That means we should look at South Alabama. I won't pretend to know much about either of these teams — especially 2-8 South Alabama. That's a significant line move, though, so the game is worth our attention. When a game is a low-volume one like this then one big money, confident bettor can move the line significantly. A bettor like that will typically have a good reason to be on the game, so these situations are particularly intriguing.
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Police serve subpoena for 'Teen Mom' abuse tapesTue Nov 9, 2010
Bubbles at Milky Way's heart may be black hole eruptionTue Nov 9, 2010
Stars gather to honor Tina Fey as top comicTue Nov 9, 2010
Do you think the barber's explanation for not wanting to cut the black doctor's hair is reasonable?Tue Nov 9, 2010
Bullying cited by Pa. teen who killed himselfTue Nov 9, 2010
Bush to Oprah: 'I'm through with politics'Tue Nov 9, 2010
- He wanted so badly to be a HERO. To be an FDR, to leave his mark that he even referred to the 'AXIS' of evil. Problem was he just did not have the smarts. You can not force Jeffersonian style democracy on a nation of people with a religious belief in submission and vengeance. It just wont work, but …
'Building bridges': Obama courts MuslimsTue Nov 9, 2010
- "Jew" is an ethnicity/nationality AND a religion. Or rather the religion and ethnicity share the same name. So you can be an ethnic Jew (ethnicity) and be a Christian (religion). Or be a non-Jew (Gentile) ethnically but be Jewish (religiously). A bit confusing, but Israel overall is Jewish both ethn …
Why do you think Bristol Palin has made it so far on 'Dancing'?Mon Nov 8, 2010
Gays in military: Do allies' experiences matter?Mon Nov 1, 2010
Bad hair day: Boy, 4, barred from pre-K for long locksMon Nov 1, 2010


text: The Wolverine Meridian Composite Toe Hiker W02704 is a perfect blend between hiker, and work boot. Made from a comfortable and durable full grain leather upper, this boot will let you keep focused on the job without worrying about your feet. Inside the boot you have a wave mesh lining as well as a removable full cushion insole for padding and support. This bot is built with a slip resistant outsole to give you superior traction during the work day, and even an ASTM rated composite safety toe for protection against compression and impact.


text:
Pollution Regulation and the Efficiency Gains from Technological Innovation
Previous studies suggest a preference for emissions taxes over (non-auctioned) emissions permits and performance standards based on their potential for promoting technological innovation. We present simulation results that cast some doubt on the empirical importance of this assertion: the welfare gain induced by an emissions tax is significantly larger than that induced by other policies only in the case of very major innovations. We also find that the presence of technology spillovers per se does not necessarily imply large inefficiencies. Thus, despite spillovers, the welfare gain from additional policies to promote innovation (such as R&D subsidies) may be limited. Copyright 1998 by Kluwer Academic Publishers
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Volume (Year): 14 (1998)
Issue (Month): 3 (November)
Pages: 229-254
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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Jaffe Adam B. & Stavins Robert N., 1995. "Dynamic Incentives of Environmental Regulations: The Effects of Alternative Policy Instruments on Technology Diffusion," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 29(3), pages 43-63, November.
- Goulder, Lawrence H. & Parry, Ian W. H. & Williams III, Roberton C. & Burtraw, Dallas, 1999.
"The cost-effectiveness of alternative instruments for environmental protection in a second-best setting,"
Journal of Public Economics,
Elsevier, vol. 72(3), pages 329-360, June.
- Lawrence H. Goulder & Ian W. H. Parry & Roberton C. Williams III & Dallas Burtraw, 1998. "The Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative Instruments for Environmental Protection in a Second-Best Setting," NBER Working Papers 6464, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Burtraw, Dallas & Parry, Ian & Goulder, Lawrence & Williams III, Roberton, 1998. "The Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative Instruments for Environmental Protection in a Second-Best Setting," Discussion Papers dp-98-22, Resources For the Future.
- Partha Dasgupta & Joseph Stiglitz, 1980. "Uncertainty, Industrial Structure, and the Speed of R&D," Bell Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 11(1), pages 1-28, Spring.
- Edwin Mansfield & John Rapoport & Anthony Romeo & Samuel Wagner & George Beardsley, 1977. "Social and Private Rates of Return from Industrial Innovations," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 91(2), pages 221-240.
- Biglaiser, Gary & Horowitz, John K, 1995. "Pollution Regulation and Incentives for Pollution-Control Research," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 3(4), pages 663-684, Winter.
- Tom Lee & Louis L. Wilde, 1980. "Market Structure and Innovation: A Reformulation," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 94(2), pages 429-436.
- Mansfield, Edwin, 1985. "How Rapidly Does New Industrial Technology Leak Out?," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(2), pages 217-223, December.
- Glenn C. Loury, 1979. "Market Structure and Innovation," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 93(3), pages 395-410.
- Glenn C. Loury, 1976. "Market Structure and Innovation," Discussion Papers 256, Northwestern University, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science.
- Downing, Paul B. & White, Lawrence J., 1986. "Innovation in pollution control," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 13(1), pages 18-29, March.
- Jung, Chulho & Krutilla, Kerry & Boyd, Roy, 1996. "Incentives for Advanced Pollution Abatement Technology at the Industry Level: An Evaluation of Policy Alternatives," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 30(1), pages 95-111, January.
- Goulder, Lawrence H. & Mathai, Koshy, 2000. "Optimal CO2 Abatement in the Presence of Induced Technological Change," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 1-38, January.
- Wright, Brian Davern, 1983. "The Economics of Invention Incentives: Patents, Prizes, and Research Contracts," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 73(4), pages 691-707, September.
- Cropper, Maureen L & Oates, Wallace E, 1992. "Environmental Economics: A Survey," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 30(2), pages 675-740, June.
- Spulber, Daniel F., 1985. "Effluent regulation and long-run optimality," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 12(2), pages 103-116, June.
- Richard C. Levin & Alvin K. Klevorick & Richard R. Nelson & Sidney G. Winter, 1987. "Appropriating the Returns from Industrial Research and Development," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 18(3), pages 783-832.
- Richard C. Levin & Alvin K. Klevorick & Richard R. Nelson & Sidney G. Winter, 1988. "Appropriating the Returns from Industrial R&D," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 862, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
- Milliman, Scott R. & Prince, Raymond, 1989. "Firm incentives to promote technological change in pollution control," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 247-265, November. Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)
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text: Built with environment in mind, quite literally from ground up. Underground geothermal reserve takes advantage of shallow water plain to heat and cool rooms, while rooftop solar panels do their part. 62 spacious suites, plenty of natural light, private courtyard, organic bedding, and in-room spa treatments. Complimentary carbon-frame bicycles provide perfect transportation with which to visit the many nearby wineries. Hotel's own restaurant serves seasonally inspired meals all day (pulling ingredients from the on-site garden) and rooftop pool is a great place to soak up some of that Napa Valley sun.


text:
click photo to enlarge
THE REV. WILLIE M. BOLDEN, Gerald Eubanks and Bernice L. Harper, from right, stand by a civil rights marker unveiled Saturday at the Washington Street Elks Lodge. It was the first of three such markers to be unveiled in St. Augustine. By MADELYN TROYANEK, email@example.com
About 100 people gathered Saturday for the unveiling of the first of three new markers for St. Augustine's civil rights struggles in the 1960s.
The Civil Rights Memorial Projects Committee held the ceremony to dedicate the first marker at the Elks Lodge at 100 Washington St.
Atlanta businessman Henry Thomas, who grew up in St. Augustine, paid for the markers and said it was "an honor to do it."
"I'm supposed to do it. This is our history," Thomas said.
Thomas, 65, was deeply involved in the civil rights movement across the South. He recalls the day he staged a sit-in in front of a five and dime store on St. George Street when he came home to visit his family from college.
"(The police) arrested me and wanted to declare me insane. They tried to get the doctor to say it, but he didn't," Thomas said. "I went to jail for three days."
Gerald Eubanks, the committee's chairman, said the Elks Lodge was chosen to be the site for the first marker because "it was the headquarters of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference during the civil rights movement. Dr. (Martin Luther) King and the Rev. Andrew Young held meetings and organized marches there."
The committee's second marker will be the unveiling of a plaque honoring the foot soldiers of the civil rights movement. That is scheduled for 11 a.m. today at St. Paul AME Church on M.L. King Avenue.
At 11 a.m. Monday, the committee's third marker will be dedicated at 172 Twine St., Lincolnville, the former home of the Rev. Goldie Eubanks, a St. Augustine civil rights leader. Eubanks died in 1989.
His oldest daughter, Dorothy Edwards Hardin, 62, said her father fought for "everyone to be treated equally and justice for all people."
Hardin said Eubanks helped bring Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. to St. Augustine. Her father also often marched in St. Augustine, and Hardin remembered a time when he walked by the downtown plaza and a policemen hit him across the nose with an electric cattle prod.
"Some people would sit back and let other people do the marching, but not him," Hardin said.
State Sen. Tony Hill, R-Jacksonville, who attended the event, said he has talked with Gov. Jeb Bush and is working to have all the people who were arrested during the civil rights movement criminal records cleared.
"We will work to right those wrongs," Hill said.
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text:
i 4 mtLfTOl. tttt
MoARTIlDR, OHIO
Jlitr. 9. 186.5
Yvb. 25. The strength ol Hit
rebel army flroHiid Petersburg ia cBti
tasted al 30,000 men.
Governor Vauce, of North Caroh
iib, baa issued a proclamation, in
which he declares that the Southern
ttrnM shall never be given up.
He entreat the people to rise, and he
..nl HiRA8ter9 of tho South
cm o m
are caused by the Boldiera being ab
Bprt without leave.
Thollichmond Whig says it does
net know jvhen Beanrpgard will give
uuaman Knitlo but whenever he
he does he will march to his doom.
The Richmond Examiner says
Richmond ia more safe than it was
in iVay last, when Grant was moviDg
upon it. It ia true they have not as
many troops as then, and neither havo
the Federals by a great deBl,
A mnvp ment on Alabama and
Mississippi, under Thomas, ia antici
If Lea falla'back from Richmond,
it will be on Lynchburg.
Some of the Republican presse are
very indignant over the pirolo ol
Runr A I'rvor. a Driaoner of war, by
the President.
There waa an intense excitement,
yesterday, at Knoxville, Tennessee
on accouut of a report that Longs'reet
waa movinc on that place.
Feb. 23. The New York Uerald's
James River correspondent says Gen
Lae has gone eouthward to, conduct
the operationa against General Sher
man. Geueral Joe Johnston, in the
mean time, will command at Rich
mond and Petersburg.
A largo part oi the rebel army
around Richmond ia said to have
been under marching orders for sev
tral days, aa considerable numbers ol
rebel troora have been detached from
it to act againBt Sherman.
It is claimed that there are at least
one hundred rebel dosertions a day
iuto our ranks.
Tho Richmond Sentinel, of Friday
says General Grant waa again mass
ing hia hoops on the Vaugban Road
General Singleton and Judge
Unghea, en route from Washington
to Richmond, Lave arrived at City
Point on their destination,
The New York Herald's Wilming
ton correspondent says a large num
ber of Federal prisoners were release
ed by tho capture of thi.t place.
General Palmer has issued a proc
lamation to Kentucky, promising
protection to all deserters from the
rebel army.
The Louisville Journal, who&e edi
tor ba been recently to Richmond,
says it has reason to know that the
rebels are contemplating a move that
will asLnish the country and the
Governor Fenton, of New York,
has tendered the Government ten
regiments of one hundred days' men.
The offer was declined by Geueral
Grant, to whom it was referred.
The bogus State Convention of
Louisiana yesterday received a se
vere overhauling from a Dumber . ol
Radical Republican Senators, Sum
ner, of Massachusetts, among the
The Republican Snpreme Court ol
Michigan has decided that the sol
diers' vote law of that State is uncon
ititutiooal. tinder that law, nine
Republican members of the Legiela
tare were chosen, being beaten at the
election by the borne vote, bat count
ed io by the soldiers' vote. Alter
the decision, to the surprise of every
body, the Republican majority in the
Legislature deliberately nullified the
law as expounded by the Court, and
retained in their seats, against the
protests oftbe contesting members,
the nine sittioe member, above
ded to.
T i i ia another a? dance
the wild and lawless spirit, tending
to anarchy, that characterizes the
party in power.
On Saturday, tho 4th of March,
Mr. Lincoln is inangurafpd again ae
President of the United States. Ha
s the Urst President re elected sinca
1S33, when Audrew Jackson was re
inaugurated. There is a report of a movement
by the eremy in front of tho 9th Ar
my Corp, which is conjoctured to
mean an attack on Grant's left. It
's also stated that the enemy arc
evacuating Petersburg and manifest
ing signs of sending hoops south,
whether to tho abandonment of Rich
moud or to reinforcj Beauregard hue
uot yet been determined.
There was arepoit in INew lorK
eBterdaj, that Sherman had defeated
Beauregard in battlo.
General Sberniau 1ms marched
Northward from Greensboro, and ia
now near Charlottevillo, N. O. At
Hi ia point it is snid that Beauregard
8 in torce and well lurtineil,
Mar. 1. The New York, from
Southampton, arrived yesterday.
The details ol her news are interest
ing. The Duke of Northumberland
lied on the 1 1th. lue London
Times is assured that President Da
vis has the eatue in his own nan Is,
and can sccnio tho independence ol
tho South whenever ho soes tit.
NWES ITEMS—CLIPPIMGS. Facts About the 7-30s
Their absolute security. Nearly
all active credits are now based on
Government securities, and banks
hold them as tho very best and strong
est investment they can make. If it
were possible to contemplate the H
nancial failure of the Government, no
bank would be any safer. If mouey
is loaned on individual notes or bond
and mortgage, it will bo payable in
the same currency as the Government
pays with, and no better. The Gov
ernment never has tailed to moet its
engagements, and the national debt is
a Br6t inortgnge upon the whole pro
pesty ol the country. While other
stocks fluctuate from ten to fifty, or
even a greater per cent, Government
stocks ore always comparatively
firm. Their value is fixed and reli
able, beyond all other securities; for
while a thousand speculative bubbles
rise and burst, as a rule they are nev
ef below par, and aro often above.
Tho general rate ot interest is six
per cent, payable annually. This is
seven and three-tenths, payable semi
annually. If you lend on mortgage,
there mnst bo a searching of titles,
lawyers' fees, Btamp duties and de
lays, and you will nnaiiy nave return
ed to you only the same kind ot mon
ey you would receive from the Gov
ernment, and loss ot it. it you in
vest in this loan, you have no trouble.
Any bank or banker will obtain it
for you without charge To each
note or bond are affixed five "cou
pons'' or interest tickets, due at the
expiration ot eacb successive naif
year. The holder of a note has sim
ply to cut off one of these coupons,
present it to the nearest hank or Gov
eminent Agency, and receive his
interest1 the note itself need not be
presented at all, Or a coupon thus
payable will everywhere be equiva
lent, when due, to money. If you
wish to borrow ninety cents on die
dollar upon tho notes, you have the
highest security in the market to do
it with. If you wish to sell, it will
bring within a fraction of cost and
interest at any moment. It will be
very handy to havo in the house.
It is convertible into six per cent,
gold bearing bond, i At tho expira
tiou of threo years a holder ol tho
noteH of tho 7-30 Loan has the op
tion of accepting payment in full or
of fending his note in a six per cent,
gold interest bond, the principal pay
ment in not less than five, nor more
than twouty years from its date, as
the Government may elect. These
bonds are held at such a prominin as
to make this privilege now worth two
or three per cent, per anduui, and
adds so much to the interest. Notes
of the same class issued three years
ago, are now selling at a rate that
fully proves the correctness of this
But aside from all the advantages
we have enumerated, a special act oi
Congress exempts all bonds and
Treasury notes Irom local taxation.
On the average this exemption is
worth about two per cent, per annum
according to the rate of taxation in
various parts of the country -
While this presents great advanta
ges to large capitalists, it offers spe
cial inducements to those who wish
to make a safe and profitable invest
ment of small savings. It is in every
way the best a vines' iSank; for every
institution of this kind must tome-
how invest its deposits profitably in
order to pay interest and expenses.
They will invost gargely in this loan,
as the best investment. But from
the gross interest which they receive,
they must deduct largely for the ex
penses oi the Bank. Their usual rate
of inteiest allowed to depositors is
per cent, upon sums over $500. The
person who ltivetta directly with
orper cenr. more, inus tne mi j .who
will receive at-fl' 50
HonwWa irftf. : . .t.ufa fl ,a
lsauK receives 50 dollars a yea
liars a year
tcrest, if he deposits the same sum io
this National SavrL v Bank lu re
ceives 73 dollar tot those who
wish to Hod a f" .lif, convenient, and
profitable menns of investing the sur
plus earnings which they have roser
ved for their old age or for the bene i
fit of their children, there is nothing
which presnnts so many advantages
as this National Loan.
The war is evidently drawing to a
close, but while it lasts the Treasury
must nave money io meet its cost, an1
every motive that patriotism can in
spire should induce tho people to
supply its wants without delay. The
Government can buy cheaper fof cash
n hand than on credit. Lot us see
that its wants ate promptly and liber
ally satisfied.
Indignation Against Lincoln—Grant's
ability to Make Peace on the Basis of
the Union.
[From the New York World.]
WASHINGTON, February 11.
Incontestable, a great change has
taken ulace in public opinion hero
within tho past few days regarding
Mr. Lincol.i. . When the arrival of
tho Southern Peace Commissioners
at Genoial Grant's lines was announ
ced, the attention ot the people was
instantly directed toward the Line!
Magistrate, and they waited wjtu
paiulul anxiety some sign on his part
which might indicate aaesiro to turn
the priceless opportunity to national
nf i . .i . . i .
account, witn tne aepanure oi me
Secretary ol Surte for lortress Mon
roe, admittedly lor the purpose of
conferring with Messrs. Stephens,
Hunter and Campbell, a nope sprang
uo in our breast tuat the President
did indeed comprehend the situation;
and this hope was so strengthened as
to amount to actual beliet wuen Mr
Lincoln himself went down to meet
the Commissioners. Democrats and
conservative men of all parties and
lactionB hailed the event as the pos
sible forerunner oi peace. ' None but
the radicals were displeased, and this
dissatisfaction on thur part ouly stiff
ened the hopes of all true Unionists
The significant articles in the
Washington Chronicle were consid
ered as bo much additional weight
to the testimony that tho President
really desired peace. JJut when Air.
Lincoln and Mr. Seward came back
to Washington, and tho rebel com
missioners ret umed to Richmond,
and the result ul the conference was
authoritatively announced as no re
sult, then the swelling tide ol gratelu
hope which had been surely lilting
the President to the highest place in
the affections of the people, began its
renux, and has at last ttranded him
upon a lower ehoie of popular con
tempt than any on winch the incapac
ities of hia administration have yet
cast n:ar luinking men are now
beginning to recall (he lact that Mr,
Lincoln, as President, uever yet suc
ceeded in anvtli ing he essayed. Bui
tor bim even Mr. beward might have
averted the struggle through the ne
gotiations of 1861. When, after the
war had really set in, the l. resident
undertook its conduct, everything
went wrong from the very inBtant
that he assumed the responsibility ol
setting aside Ueneral McClellans
plans, the adoption of which plans by
succeeding commanders has gained
us all our victories. The President's
scheme of compensated emancipation
loll stillborn. His proposal torgrad
ually removing slavery before the
year 1900 was quite unnoticed by
Congress. The plan for expatriating
or colonizing the negroes miserably
failed. Hie foreign policy has con
sisted in Bquarely backing clown when
any other government has assumed a
truculent demenanor as witness the
Trent affair.
Under General Dix, while Lient.
Col. Ludlow was commissioner, the
exchange of prisoners proceeded reg-
nlaily and smoothly, although at that
time some of the most delicate ques
tions, because entirely novel, arose,
hut alter Mr. Lincoln assumed com
maud ot that office the exchange was
entirely blocked, and no relief was
obtained until the whole matter was
placed in the hand? of General Grant.
The result ot the lieutenant gener
al's assumption of the affair is descri
bed by that officer himself as a com
plete success. In everything, in short,
which the f resident lias undertaken
he has proved bimsell a living expo
nent of the fundamental principle ot
the circumlocution office how not to
do it.
; The' fire eaters have sneeringly
commented on the subject of peace by
the declaration that Gsnerals Grant
and Sherman are "our best . peace
commissioneis." Consorvativo mon
have accepted the statement, and are
willing to place the entire question
with those officers. For General
Grant, in bis dispatch of Feb. 2d to
the Secretary of State, clearly showed
that he knew how to manage the
matter that he could make peace
npon the basis of the Union. He
obtained more from the commission
ers in his brief interview with them,
than either Mr. Lincoln or Mr. Sew-
H .d.id in their four hours of tricky
found out that Mtesrs.
tfteohens ana uuDtef were actuated
Vrv.Y.. , r K
peace and
union." The President and Socretary
of Stats declare that they coo Id only
discover that the commissioners vers
inflexible in the demand tor . aepara-
In view of theso things, people
here do not lie&itato to duclare. lhat
the President is responsible for. all
the future bioodaliod of the war that
every man killed hereafter will have
beeu unneceFeariJy slaughtered. Ihey
assert that Mr. L icoin has never
been able to rise above the mere
pettifogger; that his solo object has
beeu. not how to do, but how pot to
do; that he has thrown every obstacle
in :he way ol honest attempts to ena
the war and retain our country; and
that having neglected the golden
opportunity which, rightfully employ
ed, would havo Bcctired immediate
peace and nuion, be has denominated
his utter inability to obtain those
blessing. Ueuce the bitter indigna
tion which is felt against him here,
not only by Democrats, but by all
honest and practical men in bis own
Advice to the Opposition.
Mill, in his wort "On Liberty,'
expresses the opinson that parties in
(UO Dltuu, wijiuii uu iu ino Uliuuiilj,
and whose members have not only to
look out for their principles but tor
their persous, should ontine them
selves to argument, and avoid un
truth in statement and coarseness it)
expression. He seems to think that
parties in power may sometimes real
ize advantage from the uso of false
hood, sophistry, denunciation and
invective; but while he does not re
commend to such the employment of
these weapons, he is clear in advising
minorities and their organs to resist
thetttemptatioti to use them, or any of
them, howeycr strong the inducement,
which tho circumstances may present
Absolute freedom of spoech and ot
the press never did, and never wi!
exist among a people so wrought up
on by passion and bigotry as t lit
people ot the United States at this
timo. Phylanthropic hate is tho most
cruel and inexorable of all; and siuce
the religious wars in Europe it has
not probably existed anywhere in
Christendom, as it now exists in
America. In such times, while men,
under the influence oi loug establish
ed habit, repeat thu commonplace
formula ol freedom, and profess all
their ancient devotion to its prin
pies, they trample upon the fact,
with, to all outward appearances
entire unconsciousness oi their in con
sistenoy; and iu the uame of liberty
do oeeus wuose atrocity is no; ex
ceeded by the ects of tho most irre
sponsiblo despotism.
Io fact there is no despotism so
heartless and unconscionable as tin
despotism of a fanatical majority,
The individual tyrant may, now and
then, admit afeeling of pity for his
victim or of remorse for the misery
which he has occasioned; but hen
the oppressor is a multitude, there is
such a division of responsibility that,
while thetyrany is more intense and
unrelenting, no feeling of sympathy
or sorrow reaches the individuals
whose combined force make up the
inflictiou. There is that in,, men
which makes them willing to endure
loss even the loss ot liberty so that
they can be the meaus of inflicting an
equal loss upon others whom they
bate; and it is this quality which
makes oligarchies, monarchies, and
autocracies possible, and which has
thus far rendered tho loug continu
auce of republican btates impossi
ble. .
The people of the Northern States
of America are, at this time, collect
ively, a conquered people. , To con
quer a people, it. ia not necessary
that asconqueror Bhould come from
abroad, as one. did to England, in the
time of William of Normandy; nor
that be should overrun.- the country
and kill a part of the inhabitants, by
the aid of any army, foreigu or do
mestic. If the people a. re willing to
lay aside their liberties, and become
subjects, they can dispense with ' all
these, otheiwise proper .formalities.
The difference between classes of the
poople of the North is',, simply , this:
one class Is willing to be ;; conquered,
glad to be conquered, iavUea .. and
sustains the conqueror,., and; glories
in the conquest; the other, otherwise.
The loss to those -on" .both ; sides is
precisely the same; all have. got rid of
their civil Tights andaliberties;, but
tht,riithi8 broad r-dietinotio: one
has bartered them off fp,a cnsidera;
tiona temporary... party supremacy
with its despicable. , .material: advan
tages; the other baa had them violent
ly taken away.i, ..10a? j.-j ' .
The party out of ppwer in the Uni
ted States is dumb. - Its members are
Bubject to rules ot . whose existence or
teroo.8 tuey can ooiam u.auwiug,
which lie in tba boftoms of men im
parting uotliiog; which ura enacted
after the fact, and the first intimation
of whose existence maj be in the ar
rest, trial,. imprisonment, and punish
meut of 8oni8 individual who, up to
the timo of JiU eoizure, wa unaware
that he bad dona aught to expose
hims&lf to complaint. The party Q
power in the United States is up. Its
members aipla1 this form of Govern
ment and the proceedings under it:
In their eyes, military rulu is the
pen lection of n State. There is no
legislator like thu mm who afier the
fact makes tho law to tit the case,
aud, In his own person, triws the of
fender, and pronounces aud inflicts
the penalty.
buch a state ol things can but be
temporary, it is not in the nature
ot man that It shnnld bj permanent.
As it is unnatural, if con only bo sns
tainud bv falsehood. lul appeals to
passion, ambition, cupidity and pre-r
judice. Towering (us it appears to
be) to tho heavens, and threatening
i eternity if duration, (scants upon
a fiinridiitioii of livs lies which need
to bo roilera'p.', ami an onu gives
way, replaced by moro impudent in
The antajoin'st to thesG devices is
trnth, temperance, adhesion to prin
ciple, docorum and sincerity.. These
may seem indifferent weapons, but
they will gain the day. It is so hap
py for n party tu havo the right on its
side, that it is tho bight of folly to do
wrong. Ljt the monopoly of
falsehood and tilth remain where it. is;
put aside anger and impatience and
it we cannot be easy, bj as easy as
Cin Enq.
Rls-ia id striking oil wells in ntian
tides and the greasers of Mexico
find their country greasy.'
Special Notice,
PVtSEASKS OF THE NEKVOUS. SK.
SYSTEMS new and rflmble treatment
in reno.is ol the HOWARDS 4SSOClA
TION Sent by mnil in scaled Itilerenve
lopes, free of clirtrjre Address, Dr. J, SKIL
LIN HOUGHTON. Howard Association
No. 3 Souili Ninilt street, PliilmUpliin, Pa
A SUPERWU REMEDY. Woenn coupon
tiounW recommeud to tho vtiuerme from
diKtrogHtng oaugh,, Dr. ttricklnnl's Mollillnoim
tou(li Uulsitm. it give roneiuimoKi iiiHiKni
anaous, and in wiflinl uot diHUfrrerahlo to tr.
Unto. There is no doubt but the Mulllltnou
Uulrsin is one of the boat preparations In use
and la all that its propriotor claims lor it. We
hare tried It durhg thepnt week,, and ioin
roliof from a moat distrohaiiw couvh. HI n
ptredby Dr. Strickland, No. Euat n
Ktreot, Cincinnati, O., and for sale by lira?
atias at 60 eonta por douio.
WHISKERS. WlllSliCItS
Do you wont whisker or MonotuchcHt Our
OwianJCompimiid will forco them to grow on
ho smoothest tuco or ciun, or imir on nitm noai
in Six Weeks. Pi ice (1,00. B311I by mail any
wbera, closely aeAlcxi. on roeeip ol price.
Address, WARNER & CO., Box 133,
Brooklyn, N. Y.
Feb, 16. 'f 5 ly,
rpo THE I.ERVOU3 DEBILITATE AND
X DESrONENT OK BOTH SEXES. A great
siilleror having been restored to health in a to
days, after many yaara of misery, is willing
aaaiat hia aniforing fcllnw-creai,uro by sending
(free), on the receipt of a pcLpaid i.ddreaped
vclope. a copy of tho bTmuleofcuie ein;lyed
Uaoc; ro
JOHN M. DACiXELL B x 133 P.O.
Brook'yn, N. Y.
cau reoommond tlio-.e nudViinz wicb dom
AppotiU, Indigoaiion. or Dyhpepaia, Nervous
nans and rsorvou ue'niuv, to use tkriuKland
Tonio. It is veoiabl propirai i, Irea
from atuobolio liquois ; it strengthens tho
whole norvoin ayntoin : itcrc.itoa agord npiie
tlte, nod H Tarranied to euro Dyapepaioand
Mervoiw ua uiiiy.
Fora;ilo by Dinjgiaiagenerallyatll per hot
tie lVepareu ny ur. a. etnuKiuna, AO.
East Fourth nueot iuoiauaii,Obio.
July 1 04 lvr.
TnE CONCESSIONS AND EXPERIENCE
JL OT A a in VALID.
Publiahcd ior the benefit, ' and as a CAU
TION TO YOU flu? MEN and others, who suf
fer from Neivons Debility, Premature Decay
of Manhood. &o., supplying nt the aame time
TiikMsans o SsLr-CcRi. By one who has
qurod himself after undergoing considerable
eutikery. By enclosing a postpaid addretted
ct .Hope single copies may oe nadorthesU'
tu, r.
N ATH A KIEL MATFA1B, Eqr
Brooklyn, Kings Co. N. Y.
June 2nd 1S83 lyr.
We have exainlned a grent'jiuinber
irthe r: from some of the most prominen
citizens of Cincinnati and Cpirigton: etc.,
sDeakinrr in the highest terms; of UrtSt.lck-
laiid's Anti-Cholera Mixture fof'the Cure, of
diarrhoaa and dyBvolerr. Toe leibers are
to Ion? to publish. - Mr. Woods, of. Cot
nigton.suys he, was pronounced .ioci""ble
for the best doctors ia Cincinnati,' ami one
ion tie of D' Sl"cUdMd'a AnliClip'M Mix
ture effected a permanent cure af'et aqflTer
ing for months With the worst fonn aotar-:
rnaaano oaseoteij.:: :,.,.;.! ,,v!,.-.
Another says he was discharged from the
United States service alter suffering in! the
hospital for 8 moolhs as locurable, and as
last resource tnea otricaranii s A-nn-vnuie-ra
Mixture he eotwe'l directly and has now
entered the rmt agaia in - good hea.Uh.-i
Ode man writes be has cured, seveo or eight
rerr bad cases of diarcbosa and dysenters in
the harracks be was io ith one bottle
fhis Valuable mediciue. . In fct we cotild
Oil half our paper with similar items from
these letters. Why does not our Gofera
rhent secure this- valuable preparltioiw
Qur atmt qught to be supplied with It.
is butt short time since ode of 'Our men
laid in a very low condition at one of our
Cincinnati Hospiuls, hi wife was sent for,
.i J 1 . rtJiaiAt Kiai An linnAioca noaa
however, gaye him Strickland s Anti
Cholera Mixture, and in three weeks be waa
able to return borne with his wile to INew
Richmond, O. All these caws right at
home apeak for themselves. We hope all
the soldiers will put a bottle of it in .their
knapsacks, it may cave them or 1 some of
their comrades. 11 lsior eaie oy urugyiais
t 50 cents per bottle.
Bj authority oi tht 8cMUrr of thTri-
nry , th direlgal k twumtJ th Gcnir.
tl Subscription Agcj fur tht rnlo of I'nluj
St tts Traurj KoUa, Wring nven toil
thrt tenths por oent. luUrant, ptr annam,
It Down lh
"SK VtX- THIR TY L OA N -
TIkm notes r issiioJ unOer iUt of A tigust
1 5ili, l1-'!!, snj vi psjsbls thru jesis from
thst timt, In curroncj, or ars mvrUbh t
th option of the holder into,
IT. S. 5-'iOSii per Oh'. '
1 bens boii'l sr now sorth rrsm uru (f
ulna j'Si cent.,', includirtg gold intersxt from
Nov , which mskes tlio soluul prUlt on Uis
3) Kan, si onrrsnt rslss, Inulading iutsrstt,
bout ten po: vont. per annum, besides its ox-
inplion from Etsls snd municipal luxation,
which ddfrom vue to thrrs psvesnt. moro,
sect rJirg to tit M.'a levied on other property.
Tha iutorest in payable o mi annually by cou
pon attached tu tach note, which muy be cut
olf and sold to any bank or UuUr.
The iuturoat amuuuU to ,
One cent par day on a fi') nolo.
Two canla on a loi nolo.
Ten on a i0 note
2U to f IO(ii nolo '
1 1 on a 5000 notes
Notes of all denominations na:ued will ba
prvinptly furuishod upon rectiipt of sqhscrip
lions. Tins is
TUE W LOA.V LV Mill
now offered by thu Ujvorumont, aud it is to n-
udtntly expected that Its aupeiior adVautugua
will muku it the 1
GREAT POPULAR L04.N OK THE l'EOPLi.
Leas thau i'JOU.OOO.Oi'O romuin uuaold, which
will probably bo disposed of withiu the next
i!0 orV'idaya, whin the notes will undoubtedly
command a premium , as has uuilunnly been
thu case on cloning tne auoscripuuuaiv omcr
In order that oitizena of every town and sco-
tlouofthe country may be all'rdod lacililius
fur taking the loan, tho National Btinlta, otalo
Uanka. aud Private Hankers throuihout the
country havetreuurally agreed to receive sub
scriptions at par., puoscriuers wiu veiucnuoir
own ageuta, in whom thsy havo confidence,
and wlwvuly are to bo rusponaible for the de
livery of the uou s lor wnicii my receivi or
durs. JAk COOKE,
huMoiiirTioH Aoikt, i'liiludelphia.
St'isdiiPiioNS will uk mctivru by the
Kirat National Itai.k of Chillleotl;
Kirat National bunk of Ciuciuuati.
Mar iii 'lij it o.
FISCAL AGENT OK THE VNlTEI
Ano PruriAt. Auixt iR Jay Cooki, Sui'sctii'-
TIOI AuKNT,
Will deliver T-W Notes Kroe of olmrgs, by ox
prcsa to all pu'a of tho couotrv, and receive
in payiuont 'hocka on Now York, I'hiladfl
phia.und Hoatou. cu. rent bil. anl all fl-
pur cent, luteroal notea, with interoat tn dale
(ifaubaeriptien. Orders sunt by mall will bo
promptly filled.
Thiabiink receiver the aocounta of Banks
an l rlankura on fuvirahle term; alo of iuli
ua's koeplnj Naw York aocnnn a.
i. T. II ILL. Caah'r. J. H. OUYIS Proa't.
mK-h 3, '6J- 'imo.
Wnnted, CorrrHnnil!ua Bv two of Undo
Snru 'a veterans All young ladies that wiali
tun, plroxe writo and receive a letter, unjoi-t,
un, pi
u n, Io
ve and the 0uuci)iiu(iCC8. Pluaau send
ohotoiiraDha. aaid receive one in rut am
Addreatiooo Hot, atld'BAn Bor, Camp
Denuiann, Ward i'J,
march if, 1H5.
Zarhnriah Stevcna, AdtninU'ratoi ef tho es
tate of Rebecca Steven, deceased, iiaa filed his
accounts and vouchers for inspection and final
acttleineiit,und that the same will be tor hear
ing ou the 18th day of March, A. D. I 4e..
March 2. '65-.8W. Probate Judgo.
J. N. II u Icon Adm'niatrator of (lis eatats cf
Joseph (.fill deceased, has filed his acu uut and
vouchers for inapection and final settlement,
and that tho amo will ho for louring on the
25th day of I'chruury J8M.
, lilCIIARD CUAIO
IV). 2, 1S5, 3 f Probate J iidjre
R. A. t'ONalABLK. D. B. Siiivel.
Allorncytt at Uw,
Claim Aftonts, Ileal Eat a to AgenU and Con
eyancers. ,
McArUiur, Yinlon Co. 0.
Offioe en Mh1 Street. tw doors, ervrt
of. K. II Dodo's fstorc. ,
Will attend promptly to all business entinsted
to their care, in the Couties of Vinton, Jack-
son. Fike and Scioto.
January 19th 1865 tf,
w HI a 11 u f a jb,i u :r c f1.
J '"iic AirriiuS dfiio.
; ; Warrants ALLWbrK:
' Iteepa constantly on' hand a.cd wtl
sell at the lowest prices; Saddles, Bri
dies Bnd IIarne8S of every description
and warrants his work for two jears .
Call and ejeamine, 1st . door wpst o
the3 Oonrt Oonse. i i I ( h J
.Pec. 2?, lgGtl-Cmo,
XXOSVf:r,n.V. , A.ISAMIJIGVR M.D
, , : CONDEa & ISAMJNGm
physicians, a:q SORGEON
v-McArihnr, Ohio,
Will attend promptly 'and cartfull? to
the practice of their., profession. ..in all Ua
Jan. 5th, 1865. tL .
Balls Ohio Mower
xml | txt


text:
|29 Nov 2009
streaming movies skips/stops every time under Windows 7
Almost every time I watch iPlayer or a streaming movie site, the movie just stutters and keeps buffering, for about half a second. It repeates this thing every 10-30 seconds!
I tried the Microsoft drivers, and I have downloaded the newest Marvell drivers for my network card, but nothing changed. I have only IPv4 turned on on the card settings. It's a clean 64-bit install.
|My System Specs
|29 Nov 2009
What;s the exact make and model of your video card?
|My System Specs
|29 Nov 2009
It's a nVidia 9600 GT with the official Windows Update drivers (191.07). Using any movie player program, everything is fine, it only happens on streaming videos. Some of the sites even write "buffering" for half a second, then they go in.
Edit, I was not right with the VirtualBox XP part. It's stuttering there too, I was just lucky before not to have stuttering in VirtualBox. (I deleted that part from my post).
|My System Specs
|29 Nov 2009
Well, the video card can't be the issue
|My System Specs
|Thread Tools
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DENSORB absorbent fleece material Economy, model Special, Heavy, 40 x 50 cm, 50 piecesArticle no.: 207919W
- Suitable for absorbing all liquids including aggressive acids, alkalis and other chemicals
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- Absorbent mats made from multiple layers of fine polypropylene fibres, offering a very high absorption capacity
- Heavy-duty version - double-thickness material for large quantities of liquid
€83.50 / PUIncl. shipping 1 – 2 weeks
- Buy 3 PU for €79.50 each
Product information
|absorption capacity
|Very high
|Absorption Capacity (litre per pack)
|Total width (mm)
|Total length (mm)
|Pack unit
|Sales unit = 50 Mats
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text:
Mon, 5 Dec. 2011 - 9:45 p.m. MT
Credit: Dave Watt - American Running Association
Bethesda, Maryland — It has been just over 10 years since Alan Webb dazzled high school runners with his record-setting cross country races in his native Virginia and throughout the nation. Webb went on to break the mile record for a high schooler, turn pro, run in the 2004 Olympics and then break the American Record in the Mile. After a two year period of training under the guidance of famed Olympian and coach Alberto Salazar, Alan Webb has returned to Virginia. On Saturday, Webb will be the honorary starter for the 6th running of the Battle of the Potomac XC Championship, aka the XC Border War.
The cross-country event will be held November 19 at Smokey Glen Farm in Gaithersburg, Maryland. The unique state vs. state cross-country meet pits the best of Maryland, the District of Columbia, Virginia, and West Virginia in a 5K race.
"We are excited to honor and welcome back to the DC Metro Region one of the greatest runners in Virginia cross country and track history at our event," announces Dave Watt, American Running Association (ARA) executive director. "Alan is the guy that today's high school runners hold in high admiration and respect", adds Watt. "His story and accomplishments will always resonate with the youth of Virginia, Maryland, DC and West Virginia".
Webb set his high school cross country marks and track records at South Lakes High School in Reston Virginia. Under the guidance and coaching of Scott Raczko, Alan Webb carved out one of the storied youth running careers in US history. In his senior year of high school cross country, Webb set course records everywhere he raced. His course record 3 mile time on the famed Burke Lake Course in Northern Virginia is still #1 time by over 40 seconds. His state meet course record is considered untouchable.
Webb's name became legendary in the spring of his senior year, when he followed up his indoor sub-4 minute mile by breaking Jim Ryun's high school mile record in dramatic fashion. Webb entered the famed Prefontaine Classic in the Bowerman Mile and shattered the record of Ryun with a 3:53 clocking.
Webb furthered his status in American Track & Field history by breaking the American Record in July in Europe with his still-standing 3:46.91 mile.
Alan Webb moved back east to Charlottesville Virginia in July of this summer with his wife Julia Rudd Webb. He is training under UVA head track coach Jason Vigilante after the two and a half year period with Salazar.
The 6th Battle of the Potomac, also known as Battle XC5 or XC Border War 6 will kick-off at 12:45 p.m. with the middle school boys and girls running a 2.5K race. This will be followed by the open and seeded 5K races. To view the complete schedule and event information, go to www.battlexc.com.
The Battle of the Potomac XC Championships is produced by the Bethesda, Maryland-based American Running Association (ARA). This championship meet, which involves four neighboring states, serves as a venue to encourage more kids to become interested in the sport of running and to become runners themselves. All proceeds from the meet help produce the event and support ARA's free youth walk-run training programs. ARA is a nonprofit organization founded in 1968 to promote healthy living and active lifestyles among all Americans. It is dedicated to supporting runners through education and specialized programs, as well as encouraging all individuals from children to adults to run and be fit. For more information about the association or to learn more about the walk-run programs, visit www.americanrunning.org.
May 12 1:06 p.m.
Article by: Jeff Venables
Aug 02 1:02 p.m.
Article by: Jeff Venables
Jun 04 12:26 p.m.
Article by: Rick Ganzi, M.D.
May 15 3:03 p.m.
Article by: Jeff Venables
Apr 08 7:22 p.m.
Article by: Jeff Venables


text:
Elba Express Company, L.L.C.
Original Volume No. 1
Contents / Previous / Next / Main Tariff Index
Effective Date: 03/01/2010, Docket: RP10-342-000, Status: Effective
Original Sheet No. 90 Original Sheet No. 90
submission of such communications over SoNet Premier. All forms set
forth or referenced in the Tariff will also be maintained on SoNet
Premier for SHIPPER'S use. Service-agreement specific notices requiring
communications to be in writing remain unchanged unless agreed to
otherwise by the parties. Submission of information, communications,
and execution of documents through SoNet Premier shall be legally
binding on SHIPPER. COMPANY will also require written execution of firm
Service Agreements by SHIPPER for its records. The bulletin board
feature of SoNet Premier will display current information first, have
online help, a menu of available information for ease of reference, and
search functions. Any party with access to SoNet Premier will be able
to download information provided on SoNet Premier's bulletin board.
COMPANY shall maintain and retain daily back-up records of the
information displayed on SoNet Premier's bulletin board for a period of
three (3) years for purposes of restoring such information to on-line
availability if there is a computer malfunction or loss. Completed
transactions and posted information will remain on SoNet Premier for at
least thirty (30) days and then will be archived. With respect to the
reports posted pursuant to Section 284.13 of the Commission's
Regulations, such information will remain on SoNet Premier for at least
ninety (90) days and then will be archived. Archived information will
be available from COMPANY upon fifteen (15) day's prior written notice.
To receive access to SoNet Premier, a party must execute and comply with
the terms of the SoNet Premier Access Agreement which may be requested
from COMPANY'S Customer Services Department, P.O. Box 2563, Birmingham,
AL 35202-2563. SHIPPER or third parties accessing SoNet Premier shall
be responsible for providing all computer equipment necessary to access
the internet and communicate with SoNet Premier. COMPANY shall endeavor
to provide notices by email to such SHIPPERS of and at the same time as
postings on SoNet Premier.
24.1 Purpose:
In order to recover the annual charges assessed by the Commission
under Section 382.202 of the Commission's Regulations pursuant to
the provisions of the Commission's Order No. 472, this Section 24
of the General Terms and Conditions is established to be
applicable to all COMPANY'S transportation Rate Schedules
contained in Volume No. 1 of COMPANY'S FERC Gas Tariff. Because
COMPANY is electing to recover the annual charges assessed by the
Commission through the operation of this Annual Charge Adjustment
Clause, COMPANY does not intend to recover any annual charges
recorded in Account No. 928 in any Natural Gas Act Section 4 rate
24.2 Basis for the Annual Charge Adjustment Charge:
The Rate Schedules specified in Section 24.1 hereof shall include
an Annual Charge Adjustment unit charge (ACA unit charge)
applicable to each Dth of gas transported thereunder in the amount
specified on the applicable tariff sheet. The ACA unit charge
shall be added to the volumetric rate of any Rate Schedule with a
reservation charge.


text:
Though originally built for California's leisure class, Palm Springs has become more accessible in recent years, allowing travelers from all walks of life a chance to revel in the desert breeze.
More than just an "It" hot spot, The Ace Hotel and Swim Club became an institution almost overnight. Opened by a trio of gay owners in 2009, The Ace's retro camp aesthetic, bohemian vibe, and comfortable rooms have made it a favorite for young artists, celebrities and stylish travelers looking for refined environs with dollop of wholesome kitsch.
Similar in clientele but more sleek, The 74-room Viceroy Hotel's interior reflects its decades-long relationship with Hollywood. Crystal chandeliers hang above mirrored tables. Bursts of yellow are interspersed among the predominantly black-and-white furniture. And the pool, cabana and lush lawn seem pulled from Tinseltown's Golden Age, and so too do their luxurious villas, complete with parlor and fireplaces.
The Willows is open September until May and remains one of the most magnificent of luxury hotels in Palm Springs. Built in 1924 as a winter retreat for prominent California businessman William Mead, The Willows became a hotel after Mead's death, and for years hosted a parade of famous faces, from Shirley Temple and Albert Einstein to Mary Pickford and Buddy Rogers. Though it fell into disrepair over the decades, it has since found new ownership but lost none of its luster. Rooms adorned with cherry wood and mahogany open onto private gardens brimming with garden flowers, and the views of the San Jacinto Mountains can't be beat.
The Ingleside Inn's well-manicured grounds and 1920s Spanish-style architecture are ideal for both weekend warriors or lovers looking for privacy (pictured). Hosting many famous faces of its years, including Frank Sinatra and Liberace, this boutique hotel rents rooms both affordable, like 135/night suites, and pricier, such as $395/night villas.
Back in the realm of trendy stays, the vibrant Saguaro is becoming increasingly popular with younger city-dwellers. Lounge by their extra large pool, dine at their restaurant, El Jefe & Tinto (read about the restaurants' award-winning chef here), take one of their daily yoga classes or book an appointment at the on-site spa. And those of you who go to Palm Springs regularly may want to join their social club, membership to which can help you get special rates.


text:
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Author: YVONNE L AMICO
Title: Quilt Hoops GP464
Description: Gick Publishing Inc, Laguna Hills, CA, 1982, 1st Ed. Paperback. Quilt Hoops GP464 by Yvonne L Amico. Published by Gick Publishing Inc, Laguna Hills, CA, 1982. 1st Edition. Paperback. Oblong. Condition: Nr Fine. 25 Pgs. 17 projects. Step-by-step illustrated instructions, full size patterns and color photos of finished projects. Description text copyright 2009 BooksForComfort. Item ID 19962.. Nr Fine. Oblong..
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- Book number: 19962
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