text:
Honda CBR250R, low milage, excellent condition, with Data Tool
A low milage CBR250R in excellent condition. Private sale. FSH. Data tool S4 Red (professionally fitted). ABS. Electric starter. Always garaged and used very little in the rain. Brand new battery. Just serviced. MOT until 22.9.18. Scratch on the left
- 2011
- 3,195 miles
- 249 cc


text:
My Nonprofit Reviews
Maritza J.
115 profile views
1 reviews
Review for Young Storytellers , Los Angeles, CA, USA
I have experienced all levels of this outstanding program and I must say that the lives being transformed are immeasurable! Freeing the creative mind is a gift that never stops giving. Arts Education brings communities together and this program sparks hope and joy in all who are involved!
More Feedback
How does this organization compare with others in the same sector?
Very Well
How much of an impact do you think this organization has?
Will you recommend this organization to others?
When was your last experience with this nonprofit?
Role: Professional with expertise in this field

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Intuitively I understood the importance of blogging for increasing traffic to my site, growing my email list, search engine optimization, earning expert status, and the list goes on. On a practical level I initially saw blogging as one more platform on which I needed to create value-added content. Don't get me wrong, I love providing support to people on the topics I feel very passionate about, but I was not sure I could stay on top of it or how to integrate social networking into my marketing plan.
I was happy to learn that I was wrong on both points and I would like to share my strategies and some of the results I have seen so far.
Stay on topic: Brand expansion through blogging requires that you, well, blog about your brand! Remain consistent with your messaging, your tone, and your reason for sharing with your audience. Use self-promotion blogs sparingly as your visitors will get bored and annoyed by this and they will not return.
Plan ahead: Although it may seem difficult at first to brainstorm multiple blog topics in advance, it is important to plan out what and when you will blog so that you stay on track and hold yourself accountable. Look at some of the comments people have been making on your social networking sites for inspiration. On your editorial calendar, remember to always plan a blog before a book signing, speaking engagement, or tele-class to create a buzz. Also post a blog within 48 hours after an event so that you can share a great audience question and provide your answer for those who did not attend.
Create a community: Whenever appropriate, illicit comments to your blog post. If your blog is a How to... or 10 Steps... ask the reader what has worked best for them. This creates a discussion and community from which you and others can learn. You may even come up with another blog idea, or even your next book!
Maximize blog page effectiveness: Make it easy for any visitor to connect with you once they are on your blogging page. Add a Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn button to your blog page. Also, your subscriber form should be very visible on this page because once the visitor likes what you have to share and how you share it, they will want to learn more from you.
Create social networking infrastructure: If you are taking the time and mental energy to create great content on your blogs, it would be a shame if no one knew about it. I use my Facebook personal profile, Fan Page and Twitter accounts to announce a new post and drive traffic to the blog.
* Craft interesting status updates (at least 5 per blog post) and use a shortened url account such as Bit.ly to track how many people are going to your blog (these are called Click Through Rates).
* Have your blogs automatically posted to your Facebook account through the Networked Blog feature and the auto blog import via the Notes feature.
* Use a scheduling account such as SocialOomph to pre-plan the posting of your updates for time efficiency and retweet effectiveness. (Hint: See my previous blog for the best times of the day and week for getting great Click Through Rates and Retweets)
My results: Within only 6 weeks of consistent blogging, I saw my click-through-rates grow from 150 to as high as 863. My Facebook Fans increased by 60% and my e-newsletter had consistent new subscribers. I have also seen colleagues earn solid tele-class and webinar participation as a result of regularly posting value-added content. Strong results will not happen overnight. Continue to be present and add value to your community and they will become loyal fans and engaged consumers.
There is no need to start from scratch trying to figure this all out on your own. Find a blogging buddy who can help or seek out the support of a professional. Whether you simply need structure and coaching on how all of the pieces fit together and how to optimize them, or you want collaborative writing support, check out the blogging programs offered at Your Voice, Inc at www.YourVoiceInc.com/BloggingYourBrand . Christine Messier works with many best selling authors and speakers to maximize their strategic blogging plans and integrate their social networking accounts for optimum impact.
Arielle Ford has launched the careers of many NY Times bestselling authors including Deepak Chopra, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Neale Donald Walsch & Debbie Ford. She is a former book publicist, literary agent and the author of seven books. To learn how to get started writing a book please visit: www.HowToWriteMyBook.com


text: Physan 20 is a general-purpose greenhouse disinfectant for surfaces, plants and water systems. It controls fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens on pots, trays, benches and other hard surfaces. Physan 20 can be sprayed on plant material to prevent and treat Botrytis, rots, mildews and other disease. It may also be used as algaecide for walkways, water containers and soil.from Maril Products, Inc.


text:
Eileen West Cosmos Ballet Sleeveless Nightgown 5015839
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This product was discontinued June, 2015 and is no longer available. Please consider one of the Customer-Recommended Replacements above, or try a new search.
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Thread: Looking work
- Join Date
- Mar 2011
- Posts
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Looking work
Good time of day, dear people.
I am seeking online job, I can do HTML&CSS work(from PSD to HTML)
The prices are start from $20 depending on the complexity!
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Liberty Reserve
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If you need design for websites, I can accept it too, about prices for design,please contact me.


text:
The effect of own and spousal parental leave on earnings
This paper investigates the effect of parental leave – both own and spousal – on subsequent earnings using different sources of variation. Using fixed-effect models, and in line with previous results, parental leave is found to decrease each parent's future earnings. Also spousal leave is important, but only for mothers. In fact, each month the father stays on parental leave has a larger positive effect on maternal earnings than a similar reduction in the mother's own leave. Using two reforms of the parental leave system as exogenous sources of variation yields only imprecisely estimated effects, even though the reforms had a strong effect on parental leave usage. However, the point estimates tentatively suggest effects in the same range or larger than the fixed-effects model found.
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|44 pages
|Date of creation:
|22 Mar 2010
|Contact details of provider:
| Postal: IFAU, P O Box 513, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
Phone: (+46) 18 - 471 70 70
Fax: (+46) 18 - 471 70 71
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Have you ever given a gift anonymously?
Asked by Josh Board
July 23, 2008
Chris Andrews
From Rio Linda (Machinist)
Yes, chlamydia. Oh, um, do you mean something they were happy to receive? Let me think. Actually, a few weeks ago, I was in Denny's, and there were some Marines eating. I sent them over some pies anonymously. I figured, hey, these are our soldiers. So, I just thought I'd send them over some pies.
Emily Ellis
From Mission Valley (Dog Trainer)
My only anonymous gift was when my work did a secret-Santa thing. I gave a Starbucks gift card. But, we had a $15 limit so I couldn't really go crazy on the gift. Oh, I also pick up dog poop from other people's dogs. That's not really a gift. Well, actually it is. It's a gift to the community.
Jen Brown
From Mission Bay (Accountant)
I can't recall giving a gift anonymously. Usually when you hand someone a gift, they know who it's from. And on Christmas, they always have those cards that say "To" and "From" on the tag. Well, there was a time I mowed someone's lawn. They were going through cancer treatments, and I noticed their lawn was getting long, so I just mowed it anonymously.
Regina Hall
From Sorrento Valley (Manager)
I am not sure this counts, but as a kid growing up in Columbus, Ohio, I was Mormon. And my youth group was always involved in community-service things. One of the things we did often was bake cookies for people. We would leave them on doorsteps anonymously. You know, a survey was done once where 150 people were given a certain amount of money. They could buy a gift for themselves and with the same amount of money buy a gift for someone else. They always felt better when they gave the gift.
Laura Harris
From Mission Beach (Waitress)
I have done that lots of times.... There was a time I had a best friend who was really having some financial problems, so I bought her groceries and left them on her doorstep. I spent around $100. She never found out it was me and still doesn't know.
Bob Koch
From Chico (Retired)
I don't think I ever have. I mean, what's the point? I guess if you knew someone who really needed a certain thing and they couldn't afford it, and you wanted to buy it for them. It might make them feel better, and you wouldn't want them feeling awkward or like they had to repay you. There are a lot of rich people that donate anonymously to charities or give to people that are less fortunate. They might have to do it that way so they don't keep dealing with others that want something from them.


text:
. . . And Wall Street Picks Up Speed
NEW YORK: Unfazed by Meyer's hint, Wall Street traders drove prices upward by 73.98 points on Monday, closing within 50 points of the Dow's all-time high of 5,778. For the moment, investors seem less concerned that strong economic performance inevitably will lead to an abrupt cinching in of growth by the Fed. -->


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Avadon - Blog #4 - Classes
Avadon's classes are the subject of Jeff Vogel's latest blog post:
For this developer diary (the others are here, here, and here), I wanted to write about the four character classes in Avadon. What they are, what they are like, and why I made them the way I did. Since this is the very first time I've written a class-based system, I put an awful lot of thought into the classes. I wanted each to have a distinct feel, but I want you to be able to complete the game with any mix of them.
Since I don't want the game to have too much healing, all classes needed to be able to protect themselves in some way. Since any combination of them needed to be able to win, I wanted them all to be able to produce a bunch of damage when necessary. And since I wanted them to be distinct, each of them needed to be able to do something unique and, hopefully, interesting.
Information aboutAvadon
SP/MP: Single-player
Setting: Fantasy
Genre: RPG
Platform: PC
Release: Released


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text: Well I made the lemon cake and chile below for the Husker game this weekend and that was an epic let down because they lost in spectacular fashion. But the food was a big win on the other hand. The lemon cake came out very moist and fluffy. It was a super easy recipe my wife got off Pinterest. It was the perfect follow up to the bitter taste of the football game. Lemon Cake 1 box of Angle Food Cake 1 Can of Lemon Creme Powdered Sugar Mix the lemon creme and the angle food cake mix together until the mixture is moist. Pour the mixture into a lightly greased 9x11" pan. Bake at 350 fro 20 minutes or until the top is just turning golden brown. Sprinkle with powdered sugar right after you get it out. The pulled pork chile was a great idea and a great use of all of the pulled pork I have in the freezer down stairs. My wife said it is the best chile I have ever made. First off the smell coming from the pot was amazing. You could really smell that pork. Then once we finally sat down to eat at about half time the smokey pork flavors really came through. I highly recommend doing this. It could have used a little more spice for me but my wife is not a big spice person so I scale the spice way back for her. I also have some chopped brisket frozen in the freezer I am going to try this with later this fall and winter. Pulled Pork Chile 2 46oz Cans Of Tomato Juice 3 Cans of Diced Tomatos 3 Cans of Kidney Beans(Dark or Light - I used both) 1 Medium Yellow Onion 1-4 Jalapenos (Use to suit your taste) Homemade Pulled Pork - Maybe a pound or two Salt Pepper Chile Powder Oregano Saute the onion and jalapenos in a small pan with butter or olive oil until the onion is translucent Place the pulled pork in your soup pot. Pour in the tomato Juice and undrained diced tomatos. Pour in the kidney beans after draining them. Dump in the sautéed onion jalapenos mixture. Add the spices to taste. Bring the pot to a rolling boil. reduce heat to a light simmer and let simmer for 6 to 8 hours.


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Two loud blasts echoed throughout the San Fernando Valley as a police bomb squad detonated canisters of volatile gases at an abandoned alternative energy plant.
The controlled explosions Sunday at the facility in Sylmar neutralized three canisters containing a mixture of hydrogen, oxygen and other unknown gases. The gases were byproducts of an experiment in producing energy from water by a start-up company.
The Los Angeles Times reports the first explosion destroyed only two of the three tanks. A second attempt successfully destroyed the third tank.
The 210 Freeway and roads around the plant, closed intermittently during the operation, have been reopened.
The Rainbow of Hope facility north of Los Angeles was left empty after an explosion in August injured two workers and tore off a roof.
Information from: Los Angeles Times, http://www.latimes.com


text:
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text:
Crater Lake: Partial Car-free Weekend
I didn't see anything about this on here. Apologies if I just missed it.
This weekend, Saturday Sept 21 and Sunday Sept 22 from 7:00 AM to 7:00 PM, East Rim Drive at Crater Lake will be free of motor vehicles. This turns it into a 24 mile bike path. Details: http://www.nps.gov/crla/planyourvisi...=643796-307230
I won't be there since I'll be riding The Duncan Ride http://www.bikeforums.net/showthread...d-Century-Plus
If the National Park Service is going to make this an annual equinox event, we may have to change the date of The Duncan Ride next year. I suspect the determination as to whether this is done regularly and/or expanded will depend on participation. Go ride.
That would be fun to ride. One of the best rides I've done as is. Without cars for the majority it would be stellar. Almost be worth the drive from Seattle.
Hope you post again next year if they o this again.
Thanks for posting.
This is AWESOME! I've only been to Crater Lake once, and I've been wanting to go back. Always thought it would be a fantastic ride. I wonder if I can juggle things around to make that happen this weekend?
Thanks for the tip, B Carfree! :)
Basically, the NPS did a Car-free Crater Lake weekend back in June, and it went so well they decided to make it an annual event. But this one coming up September 21-22 is a "bonus" one. Doesn't say when next year's event will be held. Hope the weather is OK for this weekend up there on Crater Lake, the current forecast doesn't look too promising...
You must be looking at a different forecast than I am for Crater Lake. The NOAA/NWS forecast calls for showers and 43F on Saturday. Sunday does look to be the better day of the two.
|All times are GMT -6. The time now is 03:07 PM.


text:
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text:
MATLAB and Simulink Based Books
Written for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and medical physicists, this book helps readers understand advanced concepts in image processing such as Markov random field modeling by providing algorithms and by demonstrating their application on real-world problems in medicine and biology. The book provides extensive coverage of the fundamental tools in image processing and analysis, such as numerical derivatives, image simulation, processing, and manipulation of 3D images, demonstrated with MATLAB code.
MATLAB is used throughout the book to solve numerous application examples. In addition, a supplemental set of MATLAB code files is available for download.
View the publisher's web page for this book.
Omer Demirkaya, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center
Musa Hakan Asyali, Erciyes University
Prasanna K. Sahoo, University of Louisville
CRC Press, Inc., 2009
Language: English


text:
Celebrate your finest moment in this effervescent gown by Dave and Johnny 8248. The halter-style bodice has a plunging neckline and behind-the-neck strap with a dazzling jeweled accent. Tucks of fabric meet at center front, fashioning a fitting, gracefully draped shape. Iridescent beading bubbles up in a party-time accent. The split skirt cascades in flowing folds to the feet.
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text:
The studio behind Final Fantasy XV has confirmed that the upcoming JRPG is 'quite far' into its development cycle.
Speaking during an interview with VideoGamer.com, Square Enix's Yoshinori Kitase assured fans that the company is giving the title - formally known as Final Fantasy Versus XIII - high priority, as well as Kingdom Hearts III.
"We can't give too much information but certainly looking at Final Fantasy XV, it's not as if it's in competition with Kingdom Hearts 3 for resources or anything like that," he said.
"It's quite far into development now and it is being given a very high priority within the company itself, but that doesn't mean Kingdom Hearts isn't."
Despite the game's name change, Kitase-san was quick to note that Final Fantasy XIII and XV are still linked by the same mythology.
"Right from the start when we first it announced it as Versus XIII, the game itself was backed up by the same Crystal legend: the Fabulla Nova Crystallis mythology that underpins the whole of the XIII series. So even though it's not necessarily the same universe or the same game, they're all linked and underpinned by the backdrop of that legend," he explained.
"Now it's moved on – obviously the title's been changed to Final Fantasy XV – but that hasn't actually changed. The story and the world is still going to be linked and backed up by that. So yes, there is the link between XIII and XV, and they both share that mythology as a backdrop and a starting point."
Final Fantasy XV was originally announced in 2006 as FF Versus XIII, and made sporadic trade show appearances over the next five years or so. Amidst rumors of its cancellation, Square re-revealed the game at E3 2013 as FF XV, complete with the first gameplay footage of the title running on PlayStation 4.
No release date has been announced for the game as of yet, but it's still reassuring to hear development is progressing smoothly after its tumultuous dev history under the Versus XIII moniker.


text:
The Roundup for September 3, 2013
{!hitembed ID="hitembed_1″ width="350″ height="197″ align="right" !}
International Developments
? "U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said . . . the use of force is only legal when it is in self-defense or with Security Council authorization". He warned "any 'punitive' action taken against Syria for an alleged chemical weapons attack last week could unleash more turmoil and bloodshed in that nation's civil war."
? "'The fire is approaching': Assad says West has no proof regime carried out chem attack."
? "America's new poodle: a memo to Francois Hollande." Update: "French intelligence: 'Massive use of chemical agents' in Syria".
? "Eleven supporters of Egypt's ousted President Mohammed Morsi have been sentenced to life in prison after being convicted of attacking the army."
? "Egyptian judges call for Muslim Brotherhood to be dissolved."
? "Egyptian helicopters strike militants in Sinai." 8 killed, 15 injured.
? Al-Jazeera claims "it has pinpointed four different sources of jamming [of its broadcasts by Egypt] after commissioning an interference detection company.
? "Afghan forces suffering 'unsustainable' casualties, says Nato commander; Afghan police and army may need west's support for years . . . weekly death toll tops 100."
? Former Mexican President Vicente Fox "has become an unlikely leading advocate of marijuana legalization . . . [due to] Mexico's mounting drug violence." Since 2006, around "70,000 Mexicans have died, and thousands more disappeared" due to drug-related violence.
International Finance
? "President Obama reiterated on Tuesday his desire to complete an Asia-Pacific trade deal this year, arguing that it will not only boost economic growth but shore up global security." Wonder how 'global security' translates.
Money Matters USA
? Labor Secretary Thomas Perez: "The living-wage strikes that we've seen recently and the March on Washington really stand for the proposition that nobody who works a 40-hour week should have to live in poverty."
? "Overworked America: 12 Charts That Will Make Your Blood Boil".
? There are 2.7 million temp workers in the USA, and they're increasing at a rate "10 times faster than private-sector employment". "Several temp agencies . . . are now among the largest employers in the United States".
? AFL-CIO video: "Don't Let Corporations Hijack Another Trade Deal".
? Hillary Clinton is scheduled to speak to the Carlyle Group on September 9th.
Surveillance Planet
? Mexico has "asked the United States to investigate the allegations [that the NSA collected "emails, phone calls and text messages" of now President Enrique Pena Nieto], saying they would be a serious violation of its sovereignty if proven true."
? Hackers battle hackers, as Anonymous hacks into the Syrian Electronic Army. Servers compromised and "members' names along with user IDs and passwords" lifted.
? So, now what'll we do? "No password is safe from new breed of cracking software."
? Wonder how many have made it through the vetting process: "One fifth of CIA job applicants with suspect backgrounds have 'significant terrorist' connections."
Politics USA
? Pew Research Center: 29% favor Syrian airstrikes, 48% opposed (both total and Dem %s); 74% see a backlash, 61% see "long-term military commitment, and 51% don't think it's likely to curtail use of chemical weapons anyway.
? Code Pink interrupted the Senate's Syria hearing.
? House Speaker John Boehner (R-OH) supports President Obama's action against Syria. Update: House Minority Whip Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) is lined up and ready to go, too. Jane's whip count is here.
? A NY Times article last night referred to "the influential pro-Israel lobby group AIPAC" and its influence on decisions regarding Syria. The two paragraphs mentioning AIPAC were not in this morning's edition. AIPAC contributions to Congresscritters, 2007 – 2012.
? "Barack Obama has confirmed that he plans to go beyond punitive strikes against the Assad regime . . . [and employ] a broader strategy to step up help to the Syrian opposition." (10:21pm ET entry)
? Congress is split on Syria in five ways: 1) "Do it now", 2) "Do it bigger", 3) "Let's debate", 4) "I'm skeptical", and 5) "Anti-military action".
? "US Government Urges Citizens to Avoid Peaceful Political Protest". Warning from the US Embassy in Reykjavik, Iceland to US citizens, anticipating reaction to the Manning trial outcome last month.
? "White Supremacist Felon [in OH] Caught with 18 Guns, 45,000 Bullets And A List Of Black & Jewish Leaders."
Health, Homelessness & Hunger
? WA's Health Benefit Exchange "learned this week that nine health insurance issuers have filed . . . to provide 57 Qualified Health Plans . . . totaling 229 plan options for individuals and families through Washington Healthplanfinder, the state's new online health insurance marketplace."
? Not only is GA's Insurance Commissioner Ralph Hudgens a self-proclaimed obstructionist to Obamacare, but both he and GA Gov. Nathan Deal (R) have received generous donations from "a secret Political Action Committee called RealPAC" which gets contributions from Aetna, Humana, Blue Cross, United Health Care, etc. Real PAC also hasn't filed taxes or financial disclosures for two years.
The War on Women
? IA's Medical Board voted "to ban a video-conferencing system that Iowa doctors have used to provide abortion pills to more than 3,000 women across the state since 2008." They're really really concerned with patient safety.
Education Directions
? The US Department of Education is beginning to "get some real data, using a method [called] randomized clinical trial, in which groups of subjects are randomly assigned to get either an experimental therapy, the standard therapy, a placebo or nothing." Translate 'therapy' into "textbooks, curriculum guides, homework, quizzes", etc., and you get the general idea.
Planet Earth News
? "Japan to fund [$470 million] ice wall to stop reactor leaks." Update: apparently, the "No. 4 fuel pool is perhaps the greatest threat humanity has ever faced".
? Near the Black Hills: America's Chernobyl, where "radiation levels . . . were higher than those in the evacuated zones around the Fukushima nuclear disaster. . .."
? Here's one way to deal with inspection of your nuclear reactor–just shut it down.
? Spare us: "Plymouth warship torpedoed whales mistaken for Falklands submarines."
Mixed Bag
? Cool. "Chesapeake Bay Bridge: Saving drivers too scared to cross."
? Oldest known creature to live on land–"350-million-year-old fossilized scorpion . . . on Gondwana".
? Eeeeeeek! London's so-called walkie-talkie skyscraper, can reflect light so hot it's already melted panels on a Jaguar XJ.
Break Time


text:
Georgia sophomore Ray Drew will get an opportunity to prove himself Saturday against Florida with defensive end Abry Jones out with an injury.
"I think he is (ready)," coach Mark Richt said. "He's played some, just in a pecking order, and he hasn't gotten many snaps."
Drew, a highly-touted recruit from Thomasville, Ga., has seen a limited role this season behind Jones and several other talented linemen.
"Honestly, I think I'm ready," Drew said of his opportunity. "I don't doubt myself as a player. I don't doubt my coaching staff. I know they've done everything they can. I've done everything I can."
GRAD RATES: Georgia tied for sixth in the Southeastern Conference with a 69 percent graduation rate in football in the latest NCAA statistics, while Georgia Tech tied for last in the Atlantic Coast Conference at 55 percent.
South Carolina tied for last in the SEC with Arkansas at 55 percent, while Clemson tied for fifth in the ACC at 75 percent with North Carolina and Virginia Tech behind Boston College, Miami, Duke and Wake Forest.
The graduation success report released Thursday showed Georgia improved 4 percentage points from the previous year to rank behind Vanderbilt, Louisiana State, Alabama, Florida and Missouri in the SEC. Georgia Tech's rate held steady, leaving the Yellow Jackets tied with Florida State at the bottom of the ACC.
ARRESTED: Former Louisiana State standouts Tyrann Mathieu and Jordan Jefferson were among four ex-players arrested Thursday after police found them with marijuana at Mathieu's apartment, police said.
Lt. Don Kelly, a Baton Rouge Police spokesman, said officers were called to the apartment complex about 3:30 p.m. after receiving a complaint about a man forcing his way through the security gate at the complex.
Inside they found Jefferson and two other men – Karnell Hatcher and Derrick Bryant – as well as a marijuana grinder, digital scale and 10 bags of high-grade marijuana. Kelly said seven of the bags were found inside Bryant's book bag.
Matheiu, 20, and Jefferson, 22, were booked into the East Baton Rouge Parish Prison on charges of simple possession of marijuana. Hatcher, 22, was booked with second-offense simple possession of marijuana and Bryant, 22, was booked with possession with intent to distribute marijuana.
Mathieu, a former Heisman Trophy finalist and cornerback known as the "Honey Badger," was dismissed from the Tigers in August for failing a drug test but had enrolled as a student at the school following two weeks of rehab under the care of former NBA player John Lucas. He had talked about possibly returning to the team for the 2013 season with two seasons of eligibility. He is also eligible to apply for the NFL draft in April.
Jefferson, the Tigers' former starting quarterback, had returned to Baton Rouge to finish his degree after playing with the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League. He also was a free agent signee with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers before joining the Alouettes.
Jefferson had been suspended in connection with a preseason bar fight near campus for the start of his senior season.
Lance Unglesby, Jefferson's lawyer in the misdemeanor criminal case, said a discovery hearing in that matter is scheduled next week. His client has always maintained his innocence in the bar fight.
Unglesby said he had not yet been provided any details of Jefferson's latest arrest, but stressed, "All individuals are presumed innocent and I look forward to the opportunity to examine the facts of this case to find out what really happened."
It was not immediately known whether Mathieu, Hatcher or Bryant had lawyers.
A spokeswoman for the university did not immediately respond to messages left by telephone and email.
Hatcher was a linebacker for the Tigers and finished with 133 career tackles, 3.5 for a loss and two forced fumbles.
Bryant, a backup safety, finished with 28 tackles, 2.0 for a loss and one sack.


text:
Submit News
Sprint Unveils Pricey Pay-As-You-Go Plan
Jason Mick
January 3, 2013 5:15 PM
Recipient E-mail
Sender E-mail
Plan comes up short compared to Boost or Virgin
In a strange scenario, Sprint Nextel Corp. (
) has decided to offer its own branded pay-as-you-go service. Takers on the new plan -- which kicks off Jan. 25 -- will have to pony up $250 USD for a Galaxy S (the "Victory" from Samsung Electronics Comp., Ltd. (
)) or $150 USD for an entry level Android, LG Electronics, Inc.'s (
) "Elite". None of the high-end contract handsets can be used with the new plan.
If the hardware/hardware pricing is a bit of a turn-off, the monthly fees won't make you much happier. It will cost $70 USD/month to get unlimited talk/text/web. Or if you want you can pay as little as $50 USD to get a feature phone, which comes with a $50 USD/month "unlimited" plan, with the built in limitation of having inherently limited internet capabilities.
Worst of all, there's no mention of roaming on EVDO, so
Android Police
and others
that you may be hit with fees that eat up your account payments, when using the device in areas where the Sprint network is dead or weak.
Sprint's pricing on its self-branding PAYG plan isn't great. [Image Source: Android Police]
The truly curious part is that Sprint is offering up an inferior deal to ... itself.
Sprint's joint-subsidiary
Virgin Mobile USA
offers the same LG Elite handset for $80 and a $55 USD "unlimited" monthly fee. In other words, if you go with Sprint's branded service you will lose approximately $430 USD over a 2-year period. Virgin customers also get for a mere $150 USD, a far fancier EVO V 4G from HTC Corp. (
), a modified variant of the EVO 3D.
There's concern the plan may not include 2G roaming. [Image Source: Android Police]
And then
there's Boost Mobile
, the other prepaid player -- also owned by Sprint. Boost offers the Samsung Galaxy Rush (another Galaxy S variant) for $149 USD ($100 USD less than Sprint), an LG Venice (aka Optimus L7) for $220 USD, or a Warp Sequent by ZTE Corp. (
) for $200 USD. While throttled after 2.5 GB of data use, Boost also offers "unlimited" for $55 USD/month.
And then there are upstart providers like Republic Wireless who offer even
services albeit with slower connection speeds. For example Republic sells the Motorola Mobility DEFY XT for $249 USD, but then only charges you $19 USD/month for "unlimited" access, thanks to a hybrid system using 3G roaming and Wi-Fi (when available).
In other words, Sprint's service appears to offer few (perhaps no data caps?) if any advantages at this point over its
prepaid brands, let alone over rival offerings that adopt more unusual service models.
Android Police
"There's no chance that the iPhone is going to get any significant market share. No chance." -- Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer
Related Articles
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June 7, 2012, 9:50 AM
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January 16, 2009, 7:46 AM
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text:
Who's on first? by abdc
names are assigned for the placemat swap
by, 02-02-2012 at 05:30 PM (726 Views)
Your swap buddies are listed, make contact with them via pm and email. The mail date has been extended to the 28th of Febuary. Have fun and be sure to post your pictures on the placemat swap thread!!
Board name preferred colors swap partner cje pastels or brights RoseCactus maryellen2u red blue & yellow french prov dabbler312 MaryMo sunflowers JuneBillie Donna H-M blue jaciqltznok dabbler312 red yellow & green cottage maryellen2u JuneBillie any colors MaryMo jaciqltznok open to " creative funk" Donna H-M Rose Cactus pink, pastels cje TanyaL burgandy, dark green & black sewjoyce sewjoyce purple red & blue TanyaL


text:
Smearing Sikma
Brian Sikma of Media Trackers is getting smeared by the left, including Democratic Party spokesman Graeme Zielinski and the unhinged Chris Liebenthal, as a racist because one op-ed written by him appears on a racist website. (And despite Liebenthal's efforts, it is just one article.)
Had Liebenthal or Zielinski been in any way concerned about the truth, they would have discovered that the op-ed in question appeared on a completely different website for which it was intended. They would also have noticed that the racist website runs this disclaimer on every page where everybody can see it:
This site contains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner.
We are making such material available in our efforts to advance understanding of issues of ecological, political and humanitarian significance.
Had Zielinski, Liebenthal and their parrots behaved like decent human beings and bothered to ask Sikma about the website, he would have responded (as he did to me): "I have no idea who that person is. They lifted it without my permission or knowledge from a conservative website that occasionally published a column that I wrote."
What's more, Sikma even tried telling Zielinski that his vile, disgusting smear was without basis, but was ignored by Zielinski.
Since the matter was brought to Sikma's attention, he has tried to find the contact info for the racist website to ask them to pull the op-ed down since they ran it without permission. "Apparently the sleazy people running it are afraid of taking ownership of the hateful ideas they spew," he said. He left a comment on their site and is reaching out to WordPress that hosts the website.
The topic of the op-ed itself, opposition to hate-crimes penalties, is certainly well within the mainstream and has been written about by conservatives and liberals. There was nothing racist about it.
It's probably too much for Sikma to expect an apology from the people that smeared him. It would require them to have some measure of character.
That Zielinski is allowed to continue being the Democratic Party spokesman is a reflection of how loathsome the party organization has become in the last couple of years. That Democratic Party Fifth District Chairman Jeff Christensen would repeat this smear without doing any investigation of the facts just demonstrates how the "by any means" ethos has permeated the party leadership.
As for the vile Chris Liebenthal, just what an absolutely disgusting creature. Really. I don't know what disgusts me more: That I had to link to the racist website and give them the attention they want, or that I had to link to Liebenthal.


text:
OCEANSIDE —— The happy Hawaiian shirts were a stark contrast to the sentiments of the morning as several dozen Pearl Harbor veterans gathered at a fishing pier at Oceanside Harbor on Wednesday to remember their fallen comrades.
Members of the local Pearl Harbor Survivors Association commemorated the 64th anniversary of the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor in a solemn ceremony, with veterans and widowed "sweethearts" of long-gone veterans standing silent as bells were rung to remember those killed in the attack. According to the Associated Press, 2,390 sailors, soldiers and Marines were killed in the attack.
Those who spoke said the annual event serves to remind people of the sacrifices made for the country, in light of a dying generation of World War II veterans.
"Were it not for the Pearl Harbor survivors I'm not sure that we would have a gathering at this time, on the day … exactly 64 years from that morning," said Dick Lyon, a former Oceanside mayor and a retired U.S. Navy rear admiral.
"Today we remember those men and women who were there," he said, standing among a cluster of veterans in royal blue jackets, adorned with various pins and insignias with large "Pearl Harbor Survivors Association" patches sewn on the back.
Following the short ceremony, which included a Marine bugler playing taps, survivors tossed bright flowers into the water off the small wooden pier.
As the flowers drifted across the water, Francis 'Parky' Parkinson, a survivor who served with his brother on the USS Oklahoma, said he'll participate in the event every year until he's gone.
Both brothers made it off the ship, which capsized during the bombing. But Parkinson's brother died in a later attack on a Navy ship in the Pacific.
"We have to keep the word going," the 86-year-old said. "I always say, 'Keep America alert. Remember Pearl Harbor.' "
Harriet Holmes, 87, was a nurse treating those who were severely burned during the bombing.
"(The nurses) spent the whole day at the hospital," she said. "All day we did what we could. I'm sure none of us will ever forget."
Contact staff writer Louise Esola at (760) 901-4151 or email@example.com .


text:
Written on: 22/09/2013
ordered a Snugpak sleeping bag - the web site provided good information. The sleeping bag arrived - minimum packaging, I'm glad to say. Delivery was quick and I was notified of delivery date.
The Snugpack Antartica sleeping Bag is the warmest I have ever had. I used it last weekend (mid-September) and used it as a duvet rather than a bag as it is so thick and warm. It will be excellent in much colder weather. I like the centre zip and the small hood - these make it better for using as a duvet.


text:
For the past few weeks, we have been writing a series of articles highlighting each side of major and divisive political issues. Each of us tried to convince you, the reader, that our view was the correct one, and sway you to our respective sides.
We disagree on a number of topics, as was evidenced by these past columns, but one thing we both agree on is that hearing the opposition is important.
When major issues like abortion, immigration and gun control crop up, as they regularly do, many news sources tend to form a sort of echo chamber. Cable news sources on both sides tend to band together, forming a false consensus for their viewers. The internet is the same way, especially news aggregators like Facebook, Reddit or Tumblr, where you choose your own content.
In each case, reading only those sources which you agree with doesn't help you get a better view on the issue. Instead, it puts blinders on you by blocking out contradicting opinions. It doesn't make sure you're more correct, just that you're more confident.
If you do want to have a good, well-reasoned view, you can't just absorb the evidence which supports your beliefs. You need to challenge your beliefs, attacking them where they're weakest. Those who disagree with you will helpfully point out which of the reasons you have for your beliefs are the weakest, and by doing so give you an opportunity to refine and improve them.
The fact that your beliefs may need improvement isn't something to shy away from or be ashamed of. Indeed, when someone challenges your belief successfully, causing you to rethink what you thought you knew, it is a time for celebration, not dejection You weren't only proven wrong, you also became more correct.
This is an important aspect of being an educated and effective citizen of a democracy. Voting gives power to the people, which is a beautiful thing. What it also does is invest a whole lot of brainpower in making good decisions. The cumulative brainpower of an entire country could, in theory, be utilized to decide on which direction the country should go.
If we want to be the best civically active citizens we can be, we shouldn't be dogmatic and stick with the herd. Instead, we should critically examine each side.That means giving the other side a fair hearing, and trying as hard as we can to figure out where the flaws in our own beliefs lie.
It is also important to remember that your view isn't the only one out there. Often times, when your view is shared by all of your friends, and it echoes across your social media and your conversations, it can be easy to forget that one friend group does not a consensus make.
It is easy to say, among friends, that "only idiots really believe that," or "luckily we're smarter than that." Yet those beliefs do exist out there, and need to be acknowledged.
In the end, it is the job of media organizations like the Concordiensis to bring to light both the drastic and subtle differences in opinion which make our country what it is. And it is the duty of any civic-minded citizen to listen to the voices of their opponents and address them head on, rather than avoiding them or tuning them out.


text:
June 7, 2013 BY Aaron Hope
Following up on January's dope orange/blue edition, we see another bright yet rustic colorway on the Vans California Old Skool Reissue CA. This one is cast in Burnt Henna suede and takes the steely Jazz Stripe to a new level with 3M reflectivity. This is a natural choice for the swooping side stripe but one whose novelty will make these popular and hopefully pave the way for future iterations. Let us know where these rank among the best reflective skate shoes and grab yours today from Concepts.
Filed under: Just Released Skate Vans
Tags: Vans Old Skool


text:
As a backcountry ski guide, Dean Cummings has descended hundreds of different mountains in his lifetime. On more than 50 of those he has claimed first-decent rights. Last year, he reached a culminating career point when he conquered his 21-year dream of being the first to descend the pinnacle mountain in Alaska's Chugach mountain range—The Tusk.
Even with a guiding group and a Cottonwood Heights, Utah-based gear company, Cummings still keeps focus on his family. Many of those peaks are named after his relatives, though he is still searching for one to name after his daughter.
"I haven't found one big or pretty enough yet, but when I find that first decent we'll name it after her," Cummings said in an interview at the Outdoor Retailers Winter Market in Salt Lake City.
Because of his love of the outdoors, Cummings started H2o Guides, one of the largest backcountry guiding companies in Alaska.
H2o Guides has rights to over 2 million acres of some of the most majestic terrain in the world, he said. That's partly why Cummings has been able to claim so many first descents.
"It's what our life is," Cummings said about the guiding company. "My wife and I run it, and it really is what supports us."
While the majority of Cummings time is focused on his guiding business, he is also growing his gear offerings.
"H2oG [gear] is just another extension of H2o Guides. It is something to support our life and family," said Cummings. The guiding company was doing so well that it made sense to create a gear company, he said.
"We were selling so many skis through our platform with H2O guides it's like, 'Let's just start our own company.' Why should we be promoting someone else's brand when I've made skis for other brands, and I'm good at it!"
Cummings has named each of his three different lines of skis after a member of his family—The smallest is the Tazlina after his daughter Tesslina, the mid-width is the Kodiak after his son Wyatt Kodiak and his signature ski is the Karen-cito after his wife Karen.
Cummings wife, Karen Cummings, said that Salt Lake City was the perfect place to set up shop.
"It's a central location for our industry—Manufacturers are close by, distribution is easier, trade shows happen often, and the airport is a hub that makes it convenient and economical to do business here."
She says that other ski towns, such as those in Colorado, are expensive to live in and don't have a good airport.
While Cummings might come across as a focused businessman and an adrenaline junkie, his real focus is on his family.
Karen Cummings says that he adores their children.
"He's the best dad ever! He's always inviting the kids to try and learn new things. He always makes time for them," she said.
Karen says that while her husband loves the crazy adventure, he has a true guiding spirit and is very safe with his children.
"He's very patient and he's good at teaching them. He's the master guide and is always teaching them about safety."Comment on this story
Cummings recently launched a video biography titled "The Steep Life" that is focused on his intense passion and commitment to skiing. While the documentary seeks to capture one of the culminating points of his life where he descended two of the most intense peaks in the Chugach mountains, The Tusk and The Dragon's Back spine, the real purpose of the movie is to provide a platform for Cummings' backcountry safety program.
"Dean's programs are very simple and easy to understand," says Lee Hart, H2oG's spokesman. "He's been using these methods for over two decades and hasn't had a severe injury yet."
A free screening of the documentary will be open to the general public Saturday, January 21, at 6 p.m. at the Utah Museum of Contemporary Art as part of the Outdoor Retailer Winter Market.
Logan works on the Deseret News online products team, where he manages online development projects. He loves running, biking, swimming, and almost anything else outdoors.


text:
Results 1 to 5 of 42
October 30th, 2012 01:16 PM #1
100 Strange Places to Look For Names
This thread is to share the weird and wonderful places to find names. Whether it is watching all the names in the credits or searching through cemetries for hours on end-all name nerds are on the look out for a beautiful name. What is the weirdest place you have looked for or found a name?
Mine is in chemistry when I was bored and was searching through the periodic table for names (very weird me!)
October 30th, 2012 01:24 PM #3
I do watch all the names in the credits lol!
The weirdest place I've ever found a name is probably in the obituaries. I look through those a lot, just to see the names!19-year-old name nerd
October 30th, 2012 01:41 PM #5
I read all the names in theatre programs.
October 30th, 2012 05:07 PM #7
Oh, and the Dedication page in books. They usually mention family members there, and I like to see the sibsets...yeah, I know, crazy .
Hermione • Cassia • Rosalie • Sofia • Katarina • Kiona
Leo • Matthias • Espen • Bennett • Avery
October 30th, 2012 05:16 PM #9
Old tombstones in cemeteries is an unusual hobby for some people.All the best,


text:
Ahmadinejad: US can't attack Iran
Iran's President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad warned on Monday that his country would retaliate severely to any possible attack by the United States over Tehran's controversial nuclear plans.
"They (the Americans) understand that if they should make this mistake, the retaliation of the Iranian people will be severe and they will repent," he told reporters at the end of his visit to the United Arab Emirates.
"They cannot strike Iran. The Iranian people are able to retaliate. They are able to protect and defend themselves well," he stated, according to AFP. Ahmadinejad stressed once again Tehran's assertions that its nuclear works were being pursued "within the context of the law" in keeping with its "right to acquire this energy."
The Iranian leader said landmark talks on Iraq between US and Iranian delegates, announced by both sides on Sunday, would take place in Baghdad, but the date has not been decided. The United States "requested to talk with Iran" in order to solve security issues in Iraq, he said. "In order to support the Iraqi people, we declared that we are ready."


text:
Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com
WASHINGTON -- The American Civil Liberties Union today applauded the House Judiciary Committee as that panel unexpectedly adopted a "resolution of inquiry" to formally seek any and all documents held by the president and attorney general relating to warrantless requests made by the National Security Agency and other Federal agencies to telephone service providers regarding the records of their customers' calls.
"We applaud the House Judiciary Committee for adopting this resolution, and for asserting its oversight role," said Caroline Fredrickson, Director of the ACLU Washington Legislative Office. "This vote was a victory for the Constitution and our system of checks and balances. The administration must stop stonewalling Congress. The truth must be brought to light, and today's vote is a reason for hope in that endeavor."
The House Judiciary Committee today approved, on a voice vote, House Resolution 819, offered by Congressman Robert Wexler (D-FL). This "resolution of inquiry" requests the president -- and directs the attorney general - to submit all documents "relating to requests made without a warrant by the National Security Agency or other Federal departments and agencies to telephone service providers … for access to telephone communications records of persons in the United States" other than as authorized by federal electronic surveillance statutes.
The Judiciary Committee's move comes on the heels of a 207 - 219 vote in the full House of Representatives last night narrowly rejecting an amendment that would have removed all funding for a related program in which thousands of Americans in the U.S. are eavesdropped upon by the NSA acting without a warrant. Twenty-three Republicans broke with the administration to back the amendment. Numerous experts believe the warrantless domestic spying program is illegal and unconstitutional, and that the telephone companies that turned over their customers' calling records to the NSA violated their customers' statutory privacy rights. .
"Americans deserve a government that is bound by the rule of law," said Gregory T. Nojeim, Associate Director of the ACLU Washington Legislative Office. "The administration has stonewalled Congress about these programs, and today, the Judiciary Committee laid down a marker. We hope that today's vote is but the first of many steps Congress will take to rein in this massive abuse of power."
To read the ACLU's letter on the funding amendment, go to: www.aclu.org/safefree/nsaspying/2html948leg20060620.html
For more on the ACLU's concerns with the warrantless NSA spying program, go to: www.aclu.org/nsaspying


text:
EverQuest Next? Take it with a grain of salt since it comes from an anonymous Joystiq tipster with a fishy timestamp, but regardless, it's awful purty.
Sony Online Entertainment originally teased some heavily stylized in-game assets over two years ago, but since then the company has announced that its next EverQuest title has been blown up and re-designed as a sandbox. We don't know whether this includes an artistic revamp as well, but we do know that the game will make use of the same proprietary Forgelight engine that powers PlanetSide 2.
Have a look at the full-size leaked image after the cut and tell us what you think. Legit? Fake? If fake, what game is it from?
[Update]: Well, SOE CEO John Smedley has officially burst our bubble and we're playing the sad trombone. That said, any guesses as to where the image is actually from?


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 27, 1994
|Filing date
|Apr 28, 1993
|Priority date
|Apr 28, 1993
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Richard P. Schneider, James A. Lott
|Original Assignee
|The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (119), Classifications (14), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The government has rights in this invention pursuant to Contract No. DE-AC04-76DP00789 awarded by the Department of Energy.
This invention relates to laser diodes. More particularly, this invention relates to vertical cavity surface emitting laser diodes that are electrically injected and emit in the visible region of the spectrum.
Vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) diodes are very useful structures that can replace LED's and HeNe lasers (at visible wavelengths) in a variety of applications. Most of the development has been in the GaAs/AlGaAs system and has been limited to infrared and deep red wavelengths. The shortest wavelength achieved has been 699 nm with this system. It would be very desirable to have a VCSEL that would provide useful output in the rest of the visible spectrum. A red emitting VSCEL structure has been reported by using the InGaP/InAlGaP system as a strained quantum well (SQW) active region, R. P. Schneider, R. P. Bryan, J. A. Lott, and G. R. Olbright, "Visible (657 nm) InGaP/InAlGaP strained quantum well vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser," Applied Physics Letters, Vol 60, No 15, Apr. 13, 1992. However, this device was optically pumped, and an electrically injected device is still an unmet need.
VCSEL diodes are normally formed on a semiconductor substrate and configured with lower and upper distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) stacks acting as the end mirrors for an active region having spacer layers and a central strained quantum well region. This central region can also be an unstrained quantum well or even a bulk active region. The spacer layers and the central region form a Fabry-Perot cavity with a total thickness equal to an integer multiple of λ/2n, where λ is the wavelength of light and n is the refractive index of the medium at the wavelength λ. The laser light output can be directed out of either the top or the bottom as determined by which DBR stack has higher reflectivity. The lower electrode is normally on the bottom of the substrate, and the upper electrode is located at a level somewhere above the active region. Often the upper electrode is a pad on top of the VCSEL structure into which is etched a hole for light transmission. The VCSEL is normally a mesa structure that is created by etching down from around the upper electrode level to the level of the bottom of the upper DBR stack (the upper electrode could also be at this level, surrounding the vertical structure formed by the etch), to the base of the active region, or occasionally farther down towards the base of the lower DBR stack. The vertical cavity can also be isolated by ion implantation around the perimeter of an individual structure. This may remove the need to etch down into the layers of the structure. A general description of VSCEL diodes can be found in a reference by J. L. Jewell et al., "Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers: Design, Growth, Fabrication, Characterization," IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Vol. 27, No. 6, June 1991.
The electrically injected VCSEL diode of this invention is operable chiefly because of a new cavity design. The structure starts with conventional elements of an InGaP/InAlGaP strained quantum well active cavity and AlAs/Al0.5 Ga0.5 As DBR's. The advance is in the addition of relatively thick InAlP optical phase-matching spacer layers on either side of the SQW region to fill out the remainder of the multiple λ/2 thickness of the Fabry-Perot cavity. This and several other improvements result in the first VCSEL diode able to emit in the visible spectrum.
FIG. 1 is a diagrammic cross sectional view of the VCSEL diode.
FIG. 2 is a real-space energy band diagram of the active regions of the VCSEL diode of FIG. 1 further including several pairs of DBRs on either side of the active region.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the reflectance spectrum for the MOVPE-grown VCSEL wafer.
FIG. 4 is a light (optical power) versus current plot for the VCSEL diode.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the lasing spectrum for the VCSEL diode.
The inventors herein in conjunction with others have previously developed optically pumped InGaP/InAlGaP SQW VCSELs employing AlAs/Al0.5 Ga0.5 As DBR's at red wavelengths. Development of electrically-injected visible VCSELs employing InAlGaP-based active region material has been complicated by several critical materials and device design issues. The bandgap in the In0.5 (Al0.7 Ga0.3)0.5 P confining layers (≅2.31-2.34 eV) commonly used is the InGaP/InAlGaP SQW active region is significantly larger than those in either of the DBR layers [EG (AlAs)≅2.17 eV, EG (Al0.5 Ga0.5 As)≅2.04 eV], complicating efficient carrier injection into the active region because of reduced charge carrier confinement and increased carrier leakage. This bandgap difference is an extreme variation from normal practice in laser diode design. This "total confinement" value (the energy difference between the bandgap of the active quantum well layers and the average bandgap of the cladding/DBR) in typical IR edge-emitting laser diodes is 650-900 meV, in IR (850 and 980 nm) VSCELs it is about 600 meV, and in AlGaInP visible edge-emitting laser diodes it is about 400-500 meV. In contrast, the "total confinement" for the devices of this invention is about 200-250 meV. This aggravates the carrier confinement deficiencies for the VSCEL structure noted above.
In addition, InAlGaP-based visible (edge-emitting) laser diodes generally suffer from poor temperature characteristics and high threshold current densities relative to GaAs/AlGaAs lasers due to reduced confinement potentials, increased carrier leakage currents, much lower characteristic temperature T0 (the lower the T0, the more the temperature sensitivity of the device), and higher thermal resistivity. Compounding these issues, VCSELs are subject to significant heating due to high resistance associated with charge carrier transport in the DBRs and high current densities in the gain region. This background indicates that achieving visible output from an electrically injected VSCEL diode is a very difficult task.
To overcome these obstacles, study was begun into the optical cavity design for the VSCEL structure by first characterizing edge-emitting laser diodes with AlGaAs DBR cladding layers that simulate the injection conditions present in a VSCEL. By optimizing carrier injection efficiency through the addition of InAlP phase-matching spacer layers, room temperature electrically-injected lasing was achieved in InAlGaP-based visible VCSEL diodes over the wavelength range 639-661 nm. The InAlGaP system emits light over the range 720-550 nm, covering the deep red to green range of the visible spectrum, and the scope of this invention should not be limited to a specific wavelength.
These devices were grown using low-pressure metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) techniques as reported by the inventors and others in R. P. Schneider, Jr., R. P. Bryan, J. A. Lott and E. D. Jones, "MOVPE growth of InAlGaP-based visible vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers", J. Cryst. Growth 124, 763 (1992). This reference is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
It should be appreciated that the following specific description is for the first, non-optimized devices to produce the electrically injected laser output at a visible wavelength. Further refinements to the processing sequence are underway and will result in better devices. The invention should not be considered as limited by this specific example. The true scope of the invention is to be found in the claims.
The following description refers to FIG. 1. The DBRs 12 and 14 are composed of alternating quarter wave (λ/4) layers of AlAs and Al0.5 Ga0.5 As, with 10 nm-thick Al0.75 Ga0.25 As barrier-reduction layers inserted between to improve carrier transport. The convention for this quarter wave thickness is actually λ/4n, where λ is the wavelength of the light measured in a vacuum and n is the refractive index of the material at that wavelength. The (p) DBR 12 is doped to 4�1018 cm-3 using C, while the (p+)GaAs cap is doped to 6-8�1019 cm-3. The (p) InAlP, 23 in FIG. 2, is doped to 6-8�1017 cm-3 using Mg, while the bottom (n) DBR 14 and (n) InAlP, 22 in FIG. 2, are doped to 2�1018 cm-3 using Si. Those skilled in the art will realize that other material combinations such as InAlP/InAlGaP and dielectrics such as Nb2 O5 /SiO2, ZnSe/CaF2 , or SiO2 /ZrO2 could be used as the DBR layers. As a specific example, the DBRs could be composed of InAlP/In(Aly Ga1-y)P where y is approximately 0.2 and doped with Mg (6-8�1017) and Si (2�1018).
Gain-guided broad-area (50�250-1000 μm) edge-emitting laser diodes were fabricated with a patterned Ti/Au p-contact metallization and a full back surface GeAu/Ni/Au n-contact metallization. The p-metal stripe was used as an etch mask, and the AlGaAs DBR cladding was removed by a wet etchant. This improves current injection and optical confinement. The cleaved facets were uncoated, and the devices were tested without heat-sinking on a probe stage.
The non-optimized visible VCSEL test devices were fabricated by etching away the p-DBR to the top of the optical cavity using a BCl3 plasma etch. An annular p-metal contact defines aperture sizes of 10-20 μm, shown as 16 in FIG. 1, with a 5 μm-wide contact ring, 18.
FIG. 2 shows the calculated charge-neutral real-space energy band diagram for the active region 20, In0.5 Al0.5 P spacer layers, 22 and 23, and several DBR pairs, 24 and 25. The diagram for the left side energy levels labelled VB is for the valence band, while the right side diagram labelled CB is for the conduction band. The active region 20 is 2λ thick. The precise thickness will vary with wavelength: about 390 nm at λ=650 nm and about 400 nm at λ=670 nm. It is composed of 10 nm thick In0.56 Ga0.44 P strained quantum wells surrounded by lattice-matched In0.5 (Aly Ga1-y)0.5 P barriers, step-graded from y=0.4 to y=0.7 in a separate-confinement heterostructure (SCH). For the edge-emitting lasers, only a single SQW was used, while for the VCSELs 3 SQWs were employed, separated by 10 nm thick In0.5 (Al0.4 Ga0.6)0.5 P barriers. The remainder of the 2λ active region is In0.5 (Al0.7 Ga0.5)0.5 P, terminating on the In0.5 Al0.5 P spacer layers 22 and 23.
The inventors have fabricated broad-area gain-guided edge-emitting visible laser diodes incorporating 2λ active regions with 1 μm-thick In0.5 Al0.5 P cladding and measured pulsed, room-temperature threshold current densities of JTH ≈170-400 A/cm2 with differential quantum efficiencies of η=0.3-0.4 per facet at wavelengths of λ=660-670 nm. These values are among the best reported for this wavelength range, offering assurance of high quality material and heterostructure design.
However, current injection for VCSELs is through the AlAs/Al0.5 Ga0.5 As DBRs and across the AlGaAs/InAlGaP interfaces. Efforts at achieving electrically-injected lasing in VCSEL diode structures employing the 2λ active region described above, sandwiched between AlAs/Al0.5 Ga0.5 As DBRs, without the In0.5 Al0.5 P spacer layers 22, have been unsuccessful to date.
To improve injection into the VCSEL active region, the inventors first fabricated edge-emitting laser diodes, with cladding composed of AlAs/Al0.5 Ga0.5 As DBRs identical to those used in the VCSELs, and In0.5 Al0.5 P spacers inserted between the cladding and the 2λ active region. Several devices were grown with increasing In0.5 Al0.5 P spacer thickness, as shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1______________________________________InAlP spacer # of DBR pairs inthickness p-clad J.sub.TH (A/cm.sup.2)______________________________________1λ(210 nm) 8 11402λ(420 nm) 8 6403λ(630 nm) 8 4703λ(630) 36 4801 μm 0 330______________________________________
In Table 1 the threshold current density is observed to decrease markedly with increasing In0.5 Al0.5 P spacer thickness, to ≈460 A/cm2 for the device with 3λ of In0.5 Al0.5 P spacer on each side of the cavity. Other thicknesses could be used, but the thickness of the phase matching spacer layers must be some multiple of λ/4, and the total thickness of the cavity must be a multiple of λ/2.
Because the average refractive index of the AlAs/Al0.5 Ga0.5 As DBRs (≈3.29 at λ=670 nm) is similar to the refractive index of the InAlP spacer layers (about 3.32 at λ=670 nm), the dramatic improvement in the performance of the edge-emitting lasers with increasing In0.5 Al0.5 P cladding thickness cannot be attributed solely to improved optical confinement. Instead, the reduction in lasing threshold seems to be due to improved carrier injection efficiency.
Indeed, the average bandgap of the AlAs/Al0.5 Ga0.5 As DBR cladding is ≈0.23 eV smaller than that of the In0.5 Al0.5 P. By displacing these lower-bandgap regions from the active region of the device, their influence on carrier leakage is reduced. The use of p-In0.5 Al0.5 P cladding is expected to lead to reduced electron leakage current in visible edge-emitting laser diodes by offering increased electron confinement, and excellent results have been obtained with this approach. In addition, recent photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectroscopy studies of InGaP/InAlGaP lattice-matched and strained quantum wells have suggested a relatively small valence band offset, and calculations based on these results indicate that hole leakage may be comparable to electron leakage in InAlGaP heterostructures. Thus the improved hole confinement afforded by the InAlP shown in FIG. 2 may also play a critical role.
In addition, the relatively thick spacer provides a region in which the high energy ("hot") injected carriers may thermalize to lower energy. This should reduce leakage in the form of carrier overshoot. Reduction in carrier leakage currents should in turn lead to increased characteristic temperature T0, which is particularly critical to VCSELs because of the tendency for heating in the very small gain region. Finally, it should be noted that there may be some advantage in moving the cavity-DBR interfaces further from the active region. This is because the transition from As to P in the MOVPE process is a difficult one, with uncertain heterointerface characteristics. Other materials are candidates for the spacer layers. For example, pure AlAs could be used. Although its bandgap is lower than InAlP, its thermal properties are better.
Visible vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers were grown with the extended cavity described above, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Referring to FIG. 2, the active region 20 is 2λ thick, and the thickness of the In0.5 Al0.5 P optical phase-matching spacer layers 22 is 3λ on each side, for a total optical cavity thickness of 8λ shown as 10 in FIG. 1. The bottom high-reflectivity Si-doped n-DBR is composed of 551/2 pairs, 24 in FIG. 2 and 14 in FIG. 1, while the lower-reflectivity output coupler consists of an identical 36-pair C-doped p-DBR, 25 in FIG. 2 and 12 in FIG. 1. A top (n+) GaAs layer is used to improve the ohmic contact to the top electrode. The same doping values that were used in the edge-emitting laser study were used for the VSCELs.
The measured reflectance spectra for the structure is shown in FIG. 3. A Fabry-Perot resonance is observed in the center of the mirror bandpass, at λ=649nm. The wafers were grown without rotation, so there is a nearly linear grade in the layer thicknesses of about 7%, from front (thickest) to back (thinnest). This thickness variation corresponds directly to a variation in the wavelength position of the DBR and the Fabry-Perot resonance, while the wavelength of the quantum well transition changes little (about 7.5 nm) over the same region. Devices were tested over the wavelength range 630-680 nm. Electrically-injected lasing was achieved over the wavelength range 635-663 nm, with peak pulsed power output of 3.4 mW at 650 nm measured on devices with 20 μm diameter emitting apertures, 16 in FIG. 1. Possible output wavelengths using these particular materials should range from about 560 nm to about 720 nm. Lasing threshold current at this wavelength was 30 mA, with a voltage at threshold of 2.7 V. The resistance measured for the devices is in the range of 14-19 Ω depending on the device size.
The low device resistance is attributed to small energy band offsets, high DBR doping, and the large number of DBR pairs. Many devices continue to lase with a duty cycle of 40% at a repetition rate of 1 MHz. A lasing spectrum is shown in FIG. 5, along with a light-current (L-I) characteristic, given in FIG. 4. The short lasing wavelength is consistent with an n=2 lasing transition (n≈650 nm) rather than n=1 (80 ≈670 nm). Population of the n=2 subband is probably enhanced due to heating in the active region, though further work is necessary to confirm this hypothesis. Cavity losses increase the gain threshold, and contributions at the n=2 quantum well transistion are required for lasing.
Substantial improvements in device performance are anticipated with more sophisticated process development. The as-fabricated devices could be improved for better lateral current confinement by having a deeper etch past the top DBR layers into and through the optical cavity or by using ion implantation for current confinement. The region at the interface between the top of the optical cavity and the base of the upper DBR stack would be implanted except for a central region directly below and extending radially outward 1-5 μm from the aperture in the top electrode so as to channel and concentrate the charge carriers from the upper electrode into this central region for increased efficiency. The present structure has more heating and current spreading than a more optimized structure would have.
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|U.S. Classification
|372/45.011, 372/96, 372/99, 372/50.11
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 20, 1994
Owner name: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE, AS REPRESENTED BY T
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