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doe een strak corset aan zodat je borsten er bijna uitpuilen en dan neuk ik je in je tietgleuf met mijn kont naar je gezicht toe zodat je m''n ballen en billen kunt masseren en ik je clit likken..
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This Week's Games
Last Week's Results
Breaking it Down: To maintain any chance of making the playoffs, the Griffins must win each of their final four games and hope Oklahoma City loses each of its last three. The earliest Grand Rapids can clinch is Sunday's season finale in Milwaukee, while the earliest it could be eliminated is Tuesday, with a San Antonio win over Rockford (since San Antonio and Oklahoma City play each other on Friday). Here's a breakdown of the playoff race (teams in bold have clinched over Grand Rapids):
West Division
Fun at the Van: Fri. vs. ABB - For the Griffins' regular season home finale, promotions include Dollar Beers, Dollar Dogs from 6-8 p.m. (while supplies last), College Night and the D-Zone. The Griffins will wear their special Friday jerseys, which will be signed by the respective players and auctioned off following the game in the Fifth Third Bank Vault. In addition, several other themed jerseys from throughout the season will be included in the auction.
Packing the House: The Griffins, whose average attendance of 7,149 ranks fifth out of 30 AHL teams, are guaranteed to finish with an attendance increase for the fourth time in the last five seasons. Heading into this Friday's home finale at Van Andel Arena, their attendance of 278,812 is just 1,815 shy of last season's total. An anticipated sellout for the final home game would give the Griffins a 3.2% attendance increase over last season, and the season-long figure of 289,646 would mark their second-largest in 10 seasons of AHL membership (297,905 in 2008-09).
Twist of Fate: The Griffins' five straight losses match the number of regulation losses they had suffered in their previous 22 games combined (13-5-1-3 from Feb. 4 to March 20). It marks the team's longest winless streak since it dropped seven consecutive games in regulation from Jan. 17-Feb. 3, 2010.
Ironman Between the Pipes: Rookie goalie Jordan Pearce's run of 20 consecutive starts for Grand Rapids (12-5-1-2 from Feb. 16-March 26) ended on Friday in Abbotsford, just four starts shy of the franchise record set by Joey MacDonald from Feb. 25-April 9, 2005. Pearce, who nonetheless entered the game in relief in the third period, allowed just one goal in four periods of action against the Heat over the weekend, stopping 41 of 42 shots for a 0.76 GAA and a 0.976 save percentage. He has now played in 22 straight contests and in 29 of the Griffins' last 30 games, and he sits in 10th place on the franchise's all-time list with 20 career wins.
Smith Named to AHL All-Rookie Team: Defenseman Brendan Smith last Wednesday was named to the 2010-11 AHL All-Rookie Team. Smith, 22, ranks among the AHL's top defensemen with 12 goals (1st among rookies, T7th overall) and 32 points (5th rookies, T29th overall) through 59 games. Despite having missed 17 games due to injuries, he stands among the Griffins' leaders in goals (1st defensemen, 7th overall), assists (20 – 2nd defensemen, 9th overall), points (2nd defensemen, 10th overall), plus/minus (plus-8 – 3rd defensemen, 5th overall), penalty minutes (117 – 2nd defensemen, 3rd overall), power play goals (five – 1st defensemen, T4th overall) and game-winning goals (four – 1st defensemen, T1st overall). In Grand Rapids history, only two rookie defensemen have registered more points than Smith's 32, and both are currently playing in the NHL: Florida's Clay Wilson (37 in 2005-06) and Colorado's Kyle Quincey (33 in 2005-06). Overall, Smith's point total ties for the 12th-highest ever by a Griffins rookie. The Mimico, Ontario, native becomes the third Griffin to be named to an AHL All-Rookie Team, joining current Detroit Red Wings Justin Abdelkader (2008-09) and Jimmy Howard (2005-06). This marks the second significant AHL honor for Smith this season, who became the first rookie defenseman in Griffins history to be chosen for an all-star game. However, he was forced to miss the 2011 AHL All-Star Classic due to injury. Smith is now a top candidate for the AHL's Dudley (Red) Garrett Memorial Award (outstanding rookie), the winner of which will be announced on Thursday.
Another AHL Award Candidate: The Griffins' Man of the Year, Greg Amadio, is eligible for the AHL's league-wide honor, the Yanick Dupre Memorial Award, which will be announced on Wednesday.
Among the Best: Francis Pare is the only Griffin to have appeared in all 76 games thus far, giving him a chance to join 18 previous Griffins who played in every game of a regular season. In addition, his seven first goals already tie for eighth on the team's single-season list…With 10 power play goals, Jamie Tardif needs one more to break into the Griffins' single-season top-10. His three shorthanded goals also tie for fifth all time.
Instant Impact: Forward Gustav Nyquist, the Red Wings' third choice (121st overall) in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft, registered a point in each of his first three games with the Griffins (1-2—3) prior to Grand Rapids' 1-0 loss in Abbotsford on Saturday.
Welcome to the Club: The Griffins on Monday signed goaltender Petr Mrazek to an amateur tryout. In addition, the Red Wings reassigned right wing Willie Coetzee and defenseman Sebastien Piche to Grand Rapids from the ECHL's Toledo Walleye. Mrazek, a 19-year old native of Ostrava, Czech Republic, recently concluded his second campaign with the Ontario Hockey League's Ottawa 67's, where he posted a 33-15-3 record with a 2.84 GAA and four shutouts in 52 games. Detroit's fifth choice (141st overall) in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft, he led the OHL with a 0.920 save percentage this season and ranked among the league's leaders in GAA (5th), wins (3rd) and shutouts (T2nd). Coetzee, 20, has played in 36 games for Toledo this season, showing 20 points (9-11—20), four penalty minutes and a minus-2 rating. The Maple Ridge, B.C., native has also logged 25 contests with the Griffins during his rookie campaign, earning five assists, eight PIM and a minus-7 rating. Piche, 23, has spent the majority of his sophomore pro season with the Walleye, appearing in 48 games. He ranked among the top ECHL blueliners this season with 12 goals (T4th) and 33 points (T10th), while finishing second among Walleye defensemen in points and ranking among the team's overall leaders in goals (T6th), assists (21, 8th), points (9th) and power play tallies (8, 2nd). A native of La Sarre, Quebec, Piche also shows two assists and 13 PIM in 11 contests with the Griffins.
Milestones: Derek Meech currently stands in fifth place on the Griffins' all-time games played list with 301, just one behind fourth-place Ryan Oulahen (302)…Francis Pare has 77 helpers for his Grand Rapids career to tie him with teammate Cory Emmerton for ninth on the franchise's all-time list.
Closing In: Already the Griffins' leader with 236 games as head coach, Curt Fraser is closing in on a prestigious franchise record. With an all-time record of 112-95-11-18 (0.536), he has passed Greg Ireland (109) for second place on the team's wins list and now stands just four victories shy of tying leader Danton Cole (116).
Scouting Report
Wed., April 6 at Milwaukee Admirals (42-20-6-8) – Bradley Center – 8 p.m.
Fri., April 8 vs. Abbotsford Heat (36-29-4-6) – Van Andel Arena – 7 p.m.
Sat., April 9 at Rockford IceHogs (34-33-4-5) – Rockford MetroCentre – 8:05 p.m.
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Curriculum & Technology Center
Available equipment for renting
CTC Information & Contacts
Graduate AssistanTSHIPS:
There are currently no GA or student worker openings for 2017-18 school year. We are no longer accepting applications or resumes.
Project Room Reservations
The project rooms are located on the second floor of McCracken Hall. These are for Patton College student use only, and are for group collaboration. Project rooms cannot be reserved for individual studying. Faculty may reserve seminar rooms or use department collaboration spaces within their office suites.
Project Room Policies
- Reservations must be placed by filling out the online form.
- A valid Ohio University email address is required to reserve a project room, and your major must be within The Patton College.
- Once your reservation has been approved, you will receive notification by email, and will need to obtain the room key from the CTC front desk staff.
- Please note there must be a minimum occupancy (2 people) for each room before making your request. Reservations not meeting the occupancy requirements will be denied.
- All food and drink must be cleaned up before you leave so that the room is ready for the next user. You will be charged a fee if cleanup/maintenance is required after your reservation is complete.
- You must lock the door when you leave, and return the key to the CTC front desk.
Student Equipment Rentals
You must come into the Curriculum Technology Center and fill out the online form, in person, at the front desk. We no longer rent out equipment to students or organizations that are not part of The Patton College.
Only Patton College faculty and staff are permitted to reserve items for classes or presentations ahead of time. All others should contact Beth Backes, email@example.com.
PCOE Faculty Equipment or Lab Request Form
PCOE Website Work Order
Hours of Operation
Monday-Thursday: 8AM-9PM
Friday: 8AM-5PM
Saturday: 12PM-5PM
Sunday: Closed


text:
A combination of grunge and glamour, Charlotte Ronson channeled her inner teen spirit and brought the 1990's back to the runway for her Fall 2011 collection on the Stage at Lincoln Center.
The collection was functional yet feminine featuring chunky knit and slouchy sweaters accessorizing printed slipdresses and blouses paired with maxi skirts; the models looked modest yet romantic, with warm, dewy faces and layered looks. Tweeds, wool, and military-inspired pieces were also staples of Fall 2011. Models boasted essential grunge accessories like combat boots, nose rings, and holey tights, which tied together the looks.
Standout pieces included a blood orange shear slipdress paired with a wool cap, lace-up boots and scrunched tan socks, as well as a tweed hoodie and jumper dress combination paired with twill biker pants and a suede combat boot.
Naturally, Samantha Ronson provided the pack-a-punch soundtrack that fit perfectly with Charlotte's collection. A perfect juxtaposition of fashion and culture past and present, Charlotte Ronson's collection predicts a warm and romantic Fall 2011.


text:
|Home > Music Genre > Dramatic Music > Patriotic Music > Track Summary >
Track Summary
Music Track Title: Remembrance
Catalog ID: 470474 ISRC: US5UL1120755
Description: Progressive piece, from 3 cellos to a chamber orchestra. Reflecting memories of war or nostalgia, a soldier back from the war. Sad and triumphant, ideal for dramatic movies, documentaries, TV and video games. Saying farewell, departing, missing a loved one, flashback, starting over. Bittersweet loss
Social Media Link: https://www.audiosparx.com/sa/archive/Dramatic/Patriotic-Music/Remembrance/470474
Artist or Group: Tom Antony
Keywords: String Strings Brass Snare Timpani Triumph Drama Soldier Death Win End Faith Hope Nostalgic Sadness Love Flash Back Action Remembrance Wish Spirit Life Blood
Music Genre > Sub-genre
Dramatic Music
Patriotic, proud music
Extended Properties
Duration: 1:32 Tempo: Slow BPM: 60
Arrangement: Orchestra, Chamber
Instruments: Cello, Cymbals, Horns, Strings, Trombone, Viola, Violin, Timpani, Brass section, Snare drum
Vocal Mix: Instrumental
Moods: Adventurous, Beautiful, Brave, Celebratory, Dramatic, Emotional, Epic, Forceful, Glorious, Graceful, Hopeful, Inspiring, Lonely, Loud, Melancholic, Optimistic, Passionate, Regretful, Sentimental, Solemn
Styles: Civil War, Documentary, Drama / 30-Something, Dramatic Soundtrack, Film Noir, March, Medical Drama, Military, Section / Credits, Section / Finale
Extended Keywords: admiration adoration affection altruism friendship angel attachment crush love heart worship desire dedication understanding enthusiasm said fanaticism brotherhood idolatry bonding love addiction relationship affection reverence accident disaster melodrama part tragedy tragi-comedy distressing disturbing comedy dangerous heartbreaking moving grasping drama serious pathetic poignant risky inputting terrible dramatic touching tragic sad excitement feeling pang transport trauma disorder concussion sensation shock thrill excitement emotion proud satisfied fulfilled gratified satisfied pleased overwhelmed triumphant radiant excited glad lucky painted cheerfully prosperous flourishing save identify record think recognize imagine come back recall remember


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|low graphics version | feedback | help
|You are in: Business
Friday, 24 November, 2000, 05:42 GMT
Shipyard jobs fear over liner U-turn
Fears for hundreds of shipyard jobs have been sparked after an Italian cruise liner due in the UK for a major upgrade reportedly turned back.
Cammell Laird's yard on Merseyside was expecting the luxury ship Costa Classica this week so work could start on a new section.
The order is worth up to Ł50m and would take until March to complete.
Union sources say they now fear the contract, safeguarding hundreds of jobs, might be at risk.
Officials at Cammell Laird are checking reports of the Costa Classica's abrupt U-turn but so far have no information about why it could have happened.
John Quigley, national officer of the Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union, said it would be "simply outrageous" if the contract did not go ahead.
"It is unacceptable if this company is leaving the yard high and dry.
"Merseyside has a solid reputation for delivering work on time and on budget and there is no reason why that ship should not have arrived by now.
"The yard has already spent millions of pounds on this contract and the Italians have some explaining to do."
Urgent talks are being sought by the union with Cammell Laird to discuss the job implications.
The firm's Merseyside yard has a long history in commercial and military shipping.
Vessels built there include the aircraft carrier Ark Royal and, more recently, the navy's Upholder class submarines.
The Costa Classica, built in 1991, carries 1,300 cruise passengers in luxurious surroundings complete with sculptures, paintings and marble fittings.
See also:
06 Nov 00 | Business
France wins Queen Mary II order
02 Nov 00 | Business
UK cruise liner first in 25 years
26 Oct 00 | Business
New shipyard contracts top Ł1bn
06 Dec 99 | Business
Yards staying afloat
04 Feb 99 | The Company File
Cammell Laird looks shipshape
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text:
Got an old Marin Bear Valley Se that must be 20years old now, unridden for last 15years and stored outside for long periods. Was just going to tip it but on inspection the frame is spotless but everything else will need replacing. I'm fairly new to all this and wondering if I went ahead and converted to singlespeed would new/2ndhand parts fit a 20yr old bike? I'm thinking forks, headset, bb etc?
Bike Forum
Is it worth 'doing up' old bike?
In a word, yeah, you will be able to get stuff to get it up and running, although if you can salvage the headset and forks that will save you a bit of hassle, as they are probably 1" threaded jobbies. You can measure the BB shell width - if it's 68mm then a modern BB will fit it.
If it seems like too much effort, you can give it to a recycling charity like Emmaus or I'm sure someone on here will have it as a "project".
This is my 95 Kona Kilauea - fixed, repainted, built up several different ways but currently working nicely as a commuter/baby carrier/mtb
You should have no real problems other than the 1" headset and forks though I'm sure you'll be able to find something on here or retrobike
all the Bear Valleys I've ever seen were 1&1/8" - the SE was out around '93 IIRC
Is that the Black/silver one ?
Decent bike, still make a good trail/commuter hack.
All bits should be avaliable, but good quality older parts are quite popular with the 'retro' crowd and can be pricy, and newer stuff does not always look right on an older frame.
Got my old Palisades trail going again recently, tyres, chain, cassette, cranks, BB, headset, stem, grips, saddle, pads, cables- some new, some Ebay still cost over £120, (nothing that fancy either), more than its worth really
But it looks ok and still rides nice, still stuck with the original rigid forks though, hard to find with threaded steerer and no more than 80mm travel.
I have the same dilemma.
I'm in the process of updating my 1994 Team Marin to a Yeti ASR and have thought long and hard about what to do with the Team. A lot of parts need replacing as they are very worn so the latest idea is to get an EBB and turn it into a singlespeed
Another option is to try and get older replacement parts to save having to replace the gearing with more modern bits which will be v.expensive.
I'll be interested to hear what you decide.
financially no
sentimentally maybe
Lots of bike shops have a substantial bits box in the back, which can be a tatty goldmine for this sort of project.
One of me mates is on an old Marin what I fixed up. A bike like that is a perfect commuter/pub/shop bike. I'm assuming it's a bit tatty, considering it's neglect. Ideal; the tattier the better, for leaving locked up and that.
SS it. Unless you live somewhere very hilly, SS is perfect for a pikey bikey™. Simple, lightweight and low maintenance.
Thanks for all you advice, will be rebuilding up as a ss after reading your comments above so look out for my posts asking q's!!
Dave99 yes, its the black (charcoal) one with silver - and paintwork still pristine after all these years of neglect and left outdoors, it deserves to be rescued after surviving that!
Anyone know of any good sites to point me in right direction as I'm a bot of a novice?
For basic repair info the Park Tool site is very good.
For stuff on standards and compatibility the late Sheldon Brown's Bicyce Glossary is really useful.
For just odd old stuff then asking questions over on retrobike can be quite productive.
Ebay is still useful for parts, but it helps to know a bit first.
Local Bike shop also handy, but does tend to cost more.
One tip I would give you is never throw anything away from the bike 'til its up and running, having the original could have saved me so much time + effort in the past.!
Good luck if you go ahead, just ask on here if you are stuck,
Thanks again for all your advice and pointers, looking forward to getting started - might even have to make an early dart from work!
Have a look at retrobike.co.uk if you need advice or parts.
Regarding forks, Magura were doing 1" steerer options for their forks up until a couple of years ago. When I was single speeding m old '95 Pace I got a set of Magura Phaeons for 100 Euros and bought the 1" steerer and crown for 50 Euros. Contacted Pace whos said that I shouldn´t use any more than 100mm travel, so just ride them wound down. Modern(ish) forks with low/high speed damping and rebound control.
Topic Closed
This topic has been closed to new replies.


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Travel Planning & Packing Checklist Template
View Single Post
May 11th, 2011, 11:28 AM
Junior Member
Familiar Face
Join Date: Apr 2011
Posts: 23
whereas our upcoming trip on the fantasy will be our first carnival cruise with our children, i have cruised before. besides the obvious items to pack (pants, shirts, shoes), the 5 must haves for our family are as follows:
-a large cup (ours are those bright colored cheap tumblers from walmart-usually a $1 or 2 for a pack of four).
-small container of some sort of laundry/mild soap to wash out small items in bathroom sink. laundromat type room is available but its crazy expensive.
-batteries (AA, AAA, whatever your camera needs...bring more than you think you would ever need).
-e-reader device (we have kindle).
-ziploc baggies.
if you have kids:
-small amount of entertainment for the children (a couple toys, coloring books, etc).
hope that helps. i thought about not putting any explanation or reasoning for items, but if did that, i sounded kind of like some sort of macguyver and/or deviant bent on corrupting the young. i assure you, i do not corrupt the young.
Read and post cruise reviews
View Public Profile
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Mechanics Assistants
Mechanics Assistants (classified as "Other Miscellaneous Labourers") perform a variety of tasks assisting Mechanics to repair, operate and refurbish vehicles. They install, repair and replace mechanical parts in automobiles and should have knowledge of automobile processes and composition.
Quick summary
- Starting salary: $26,000 P/A Senior salary: $50,000 P/A Average salary: $33,500 P/A Wages will vary according to your level of skill, experience and employer Employment level: 55,900 as of November 2012 (Projected employment levels in 2017 of 51,700)
Average weekly hours: Average weekly hours worked for a full time Mechanics Assistant is 41.1 hours
Employment by region:
The top three regions for employment as a Mechanics Assistant include:
Courses you may be interested in
- Graduate Diploma in Extractive Metallurgy Murdoch University Level: Postgraduate Qual.: Graduate Diploma Units: 7 units More info
- Graduate Certificate in Project Management University of South Australia Level: Postgraduate Qual.: Graduate Certificate Units: 4 units More info
- View all courses 192 courses 11 universities 2 provider View all courses from Australia's leading universities. More info
Employment trends
Employment for Mechanics Assistants has risen by a rate of 4.8% over the past 5 years, however is expected to decline through 2017.
Employment growth
Total employment growth over the past 5 years for male and female, employed part-time and full-time is 14,800
Gender (including full time and part time)
The percentage of males and females working full time and part time are:
- Male Full Time: 47.2%
- Male Part Time: 31.4%
- Female Full Time: 4.9%
- Female Part Time: 16.6%
Other relevant information
- Assist auto mechanics to repair and replace damaged or defective parts of an automobile
- Assist with assembling and re-assembling mechanical apparatuses
- Facilitate oil changes and changing filters for customers
- Inspect automobiles upon completion of work to ensure performance standard and check that specific functions are operating
- Perform special requests and functions from customers regarding mechanical parts of vehicles
- Provide routine maintenance for customer vehicles, ensuring automobile parts are properly functioning and in line with safety standards
- Use a variety of tools and equipment to fix and replace parts on vehicles
- Critical Thinking Skills
- Manual Agility
- Precision
- Problem Solving Abilities
- Strong Attention to Detail
Working conditions
Mechanics Assistants typically work Mondays to Fridays, but may work evenings or weekends to complete jobs or to encourage more customers. They perform manual work with automobiles and typically work in auto shops and automobile production sites.
Professional associations / Industry information
Related jobs and job titles
- Automotive Technician
- Brake Mechanic
- Brake Technician
- Earth Moving Mechanic
- Exhaust Fitter and Repairer
- Heavy Vehicle Motor Mechanic
- Light Engine Mechanic
- Light Vehicle Motor Mechanic
- Road Transport Mechanic
- Vehicle Mechanic
- Vehicle Serviceperson


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Social Security Has a Surplus Not a Deficit
Thursday, March 25, 2010
The Economic Policy Institute (EPI) has taken exception to the popular notion that Social Security is going broke. In response to a recent Associated Press story, EPI's Monique Morrissey pointed that the Congressional Budget Office—the source for AP's dire account—has reported the trust fund for Social Security is actually still growing. It projects the fund to increase from $2.5 trillion this year to $3.8 trillion by 2020.
The confusion has developed because it is true that this year, for the first time, because 8,000,000 jobs have been lost, the fund will pay out more money in benefits than it will receive in payroll taxes. However, because Social Security gains interest income from Treasury bonds, total receipts are still larger than payments.
Still, the negative receipts/benefits balance came six years earlier than previously predicted, which does not bode well for the long-term health of the system.
- David Wallechinsky, Noel Brinkerhoff
Fact Check: Has Social Security Begun Tapping Its Trust Funds? (by Monique Morrissey, Economic Policy Institute)
Social Security to Start Cashing Uncle Sam's IOUs (by Stephen Ohlemacher, Associated Press)
Social Security to See Payout Exceed Pay-In This Year (by Mary Williams Walsh, New York Times)
Combined OASDi Trust Funds (Congressional Budget Office) (pdf)
Jeff 7 years ago
The interest is just as phony as the principle. The money has already been spent on the General Fund in years past. The Government then writes an I.O.Me to itself. The Special Obligation Bonds are stored in Parkersburg W.Va. in three ring binders. There is little security as these bonds are worthless. If there is a trust fund, why will the Government have to borrow money this year to cover the shortfall in Social Security?
Mike 7 years ago
Broke? As long as people around to be taxed, it will never go broke. But where will Treasury get the money to pay the Special obligation bonds, which are just a wee bit different from (implied) real Treasury bonds?
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ARCOLA — Walldog FranCisco Vargas, a professional sign painter from Fresno, Calif., has learned to expect the unexpected at Walldog meets.
That's why he arrived a day early for the Walldogs Pop The Top meet in Arcola.
"A lot of times, being a project leader, you run into obstacles" Vargas said. "The weather can affect your project. One time I thought I was painting a mural on a corner. It was in a driveway. I had to go to the neighbor's to project from the window."
So Vargas jump-started his mural about Hispanic immigration to Arcola by projecting his image on Tuesday evening on a wall of Carmen's Bar & Grill, right across from meet central, a huge tent on Oak Street. Fourteen other project leaders were to use overhead projectors on Wednesday evening to illuminate other walls in downtown Arcola with the outlines of their murals. Altogether, 140 Walldogs from throughout the United States as well as Australia, New Zealand and Scotland will be here through Sunday, painting murals that Arcola residents hope will beautify their city and draw more tourists.
"Like every small town, you're struggling to survive. It's just the economy," Arcola resident Billie Jean Clark said as she watched Annette Ferguson of Arcola and Cynthia Halverson of Mansfield paint Vargas' mural. "We need people to come buy gas and eat at our restaurants."
The Arcola beautification committee brought the Walldogs here, after seeing how they transformed Danville two years ago, as well as other Illinois cities such as Pontiac and Lincoln. Roger Adams, who drives a fork lift at a steel factory in Pontiac, was so taken with the Walldogs meet there that he's helped with subsequent ones.
"It was just fun once you do it," he said Wednesday evening in Arcola. "You enjoy meeting the people from all over the country and there are people from New Zealand and Australia here."
Vargas, 61, said he lives for Walldog meets.
"It's like a big family reunion," he said. "Everybody paints together. It's big camraderie."
The Pop the Top meet continues through Sunday in Arcola and will offer activities for children and adults as well as the opportunity to see all of the murals being painted.


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As soon as the Sprouted Wheat Burger Buns were pulled from the oven, plans for other flavors and seed toppings danced in my head (sometime this can be dangerous). Since I have always been a huge fan of rye bread, it seemed only fitting to make Light Rye Sandwich Buns for Reubens on St. Patrick's Day. In my opinion, rye bread isn't really rye without caraway seeds, so this recipe includes crushed seeds in the dough and a generous sprinkle to dress the tops. Of course, they are as tempting as any bread straight from the oven, so have butter close by for indulgences.
Here in the U.S., rye bread is typically a rye-wheat mix rather than a true 100% rye bread. Rye flour has a lower level of gluten with can prevent breads from rising well, so wheat flour is added to produce a more appealing loaf. Depending on the baker you talk to, the rye to wheat ratio can be anywhere from 18-40%. In this recipe, I start with 25% sprouted rye flour and 75% sprouted wheat flour, adding more wheat flour as needed to finish the dough. To make a dark rye, substitute molasses for the honey. I have not tried it yet, but that is the general method used to produce the dark color and flavor.
It has been such a boon around here to have success using sprouted grain flour in our favorite bread recipes—these sandwich buns are wonderful. The caraway seeds can be crushed with a mortar & pestle or ground in a spice grinder, depending on personal preference. A generous sprinkling of caraway seed and poppy seed on the tops accentuate the rye flavor in these buns, perfect for savory meats. Butter and toast the buns on a skillet for a crisp edge that will stand up to any favorite sauce on Reubens, pastrami, tuna salad, burgers, or classic patty melts. Our first foodie adventure with them was Reuben Sandwiches with sauerkraut, Swiss cheese, and Russian dressing for St. Patrick's day!Print
Sprouted Light Rye Sandwich Buns
- Yield: 16
- Category: Baking, Bread
- 2 cups water 110-115°
- 1 tablespoon active dry yeast or 1 package
- 1/4 cup honey
- 1 1/4 cups sprouted rye flour
- 3 3/4 cups sprouted whole wheat flour
- 2 tablespoons butter — melted
- 1 whole egg
- 1 whole egg yolk
- 1 1/4 teaspoons sea salt
- 1 whole egg white — lightly beaten, reserved
- 1 tablespoon caraway seeds, crushed or ground — plus extra whole seeds for tops
- 1/2 teaspoon poppy seeds (optional) — for tops
- extra virgin olive oil
- Mix the yeast and honey with the water and let yeast soften for 5 minutes. Mix in the butter, egg, egg yolk, salt, caraway seeds, and half the flour until smooth. Let dough rest for 20 minutes.
- Add enough remaining flour to form a soft dough (up to 5 cups, in total), mix 5-6 minutes in a stand mixer or by hand–dough will be "shaggy" and sticky as compared to white flour dough. On a lightly floured surface, with floured hands, knead dough to form a soft ball. (If using a stand mixer, a paddle attachment can work better than a dough hook.) Because the dough can be tacky, use a pastry knife to help the dough release from the counter rather than adding more flour, which will make the dough heavy. Switching from flour to oil on your hands can help too.
- Once the dough can form a soft ball, oil a bowl with olive oil, place dough in bowl and turn over so that oiled surface is face-up.
- Cover the bowl with plastic wrap and then a towel, and let it rise in a warm spot (above 70°) for 1 hours, or until nearly doubled in bulk. (The oven, with the oven light ON is a good place to let the dough rise if the room is cool.)
- With oiled hands, punch down dough and divide it into 16 pieces (approximately 3 oz. each) on a lightly oiled surface (a kitchen scale is helpful to make sure they are even). Shape each piece into a round, smooth ball, place on a parchment-lined baking sheet, and flatten with the palm of the hand to about 3″ across (it helps to have oil on your hands when flattening the buns), it is okay if the buns touch when flattened. Cover with a lightweight smooth towel or tented aluminum foil if in a drafty room (otherwise leave uncovered), and let rise for about 30 minutes, or almost doubled in size. (Because the dough can be a little sticky, avoid using terry cloth or microfiber cloth towels, which can "grab" the top of the dough.)
- Just before placing in the oven, brush the buns gently with the beaten egg white on all exposed sides, sprinkle with seeds. For a matte finish, brush with melted butter.
- Bake the buns in a preheated 375°F oven until golden in color, about 15 to 18 minutes. Cool the buns on the pan on a wire rack for 10 minutes, then remove from pan and cool completely. Slice once completely cooled.
Seeds are optional. The egg wash helps the seeds to stick and give the buns a shiny crust. Brush with melted butter for a soft, matte finish.
Once completely cooled, slice buns and freeze for later use if desired.
A note about purchasing sprouted flours: Although I found sprouted wheat flour at Whole Foods and Natural Grocers stores, sprouted rye is harder to find. I ordered organic sprouted rye flour from Amazon, though there are other on-line sources to choose from, including a mill in the UK . Purchasing sprouted grain flours can leave some with sticker shock, however we consider it an investment in our health. The cost of one package of 8 regular whole wheat buns from the grocery store is somewhere between $3.50-5.00, depending on the brand and store. The 2 lb. bag of sprouted rye flour cost $11.46, including shipping, and it will make multiple recipes. I purchased it along with corn and wheat flours to spread the shipping cost among the entire order. In total the cost was $44.25 for 9 lbs. of flours delivered to my door, which should do all the baking I need to do for the next six months or more (we limit the amount of grain in our diet). However, as was mentioned in the comments in my last post, you can significantly reduce the cost even further by purchasing the grain, sprouting it, dehydrating it, and make your own sprouted grain flour at home.
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Police are asking for the public's help to find a man who yanked down a woman's shorts as she was jogging in Ocean Beach last week.
The 31-year-old victim was running on Adair Street near Ebers Street around 6:20 p.m. on July 26 when a man ran up behind her and pulled down her shorts, police said. The assailant then ran to an older gray Toyota pickup and drove off. The victim wasn't injured.
Police said the man was white, 25 to 35 years old, between 5 feet 5 and 5 feet 7 inches tall with a medium build, dark scraggly neck-length hair and facial hair. He was wearing a gray "beanie" style cap.
Anyone with information about the case is asked to call police at (619) 692-4800 or San Diego County Crime Stoppers at (888) 580-8477. Tips leading to an arrest may result in a reward of up to $1,000. Anonymous e-mail and text messages can be sent via sdcrimestoppers.com
Karen Kucher: (619) 293-1350;email@example.com


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ShermansTravel » United States » Florida » Miami » Restaurants
iStock International
Top Restaurants in Miami
Open since 2001, Azul is still among the top restaurants in town for its stellar views of the Biscayne Bay and downtown Miami skyscrapers. Chef Clay Conley has crafted a strong menu of nouvelle cuisine laced with Mediterranean, French, and Caribbean influences. Don't miss his signature blend of raw tuna, Maine crabmeat, and tempura avocado topped with caviar and yogurt-marinated swordfish. Ask one of the servers to help you navigate the excellent, though slightly intimidating, 700-variety wine list.
Barton G
Known for its theatricality in both décor and cuisine, the young and trendy flock to Barton G's magical, gorgeously lush, outdoor patio to enjoy desserts like Big-Top Cotton Candy and Over-The-Top Popcorn Surprise.
Dogma Grill
Unusual toppings such as sliced avocado, vinaigrette, Parmesan cheese, and Kalamata olives join mustard and ketchup in the lineup at this gourmet hot dog stand where the franks come in beef, turkey and veggie varieties. Wraps, salads and fries are also available, and the fresh mint lemonade is the perfect Miami heat buster.
El Rancho Grande
A laid-back attitude and a cheery dining room popping with primary colors accompany the tasty Mexican dishes served at this long-running local favorite tucked just off the bustling Lincoln Road pedestrian mall. Don't expect the typical cheese-smothered Tex-Mex standards; savory flank steak and zesty chicken with mole sauce are the stars here.
Garcia's Seafood Grille & Fish Market
Finding this seafood-only restaurant on the Miami River isn't easy, but it's definitely worth the effort. What began as a family-run fish market in 1966 has evolved into a casual two-story eatery that attracts a mix of downtown business types and tourists as well as artsy Design District denizens. Choose a seat on the waterfront back patio to best enjoy the ultra-fresh catches of the day.
Green Street
People watching while lingering over Sunday brunch is a longtime local hobby at this Coconut Grove favorite, but the neighborhood's nonstop visual feast makes it worthwhile any day of the week. Lunch and dinner menus are heavy on pasta, sandwiches and salads, with a nod to the health-conscious. Velvet drapes and wrought-iron accents add dramatic punch to the interior lounge, while brocade couches bring funky style to late-night noshing on the sidewalk.
Joe's Stone Crab
Joe's has been serving up tasty crustaceans and straight-up, surf-and-turf fare since 1913. Closed from May 16th through October 14th.
La Sandwicherie
When post-clubbing munchies strike, this tiny eatery provides a popular deli-style cure: subs on French bread or flaky croissants served until 5am. Only a few stools line the walk-up window, so be prepared to take away salads, sandwiches and fruit smoothies no matter what the time of day.
News Café
A great staple in South Beach, the café has a decent menu with something for every palate – sandwiches, salads, grilled meats, and vegetables, plus a few Middle Eastern dishes.
Perfect for the whole family, Pasha's has indoor/outdoor seating, funky-mod décor, and healthy Middle-Eastern/Mediterranean-style grilled meats and salads.
Prime One Twelve
This upscale steakhouse forgoes the dark gentlemen's club model in favor of a warm, vivacious South Beach style. Brick columns and acrylic panels embedded with natural grass comingle with Dade County pine accents and vintage photos that pay homage to its historic setting: inside circa-1915 The Browns Hotel, Miami Beach's first hotel. Dry-aged beef is king, served with a selection of rich sauces and butters, but creative seafood and chicken dishes are also on the menu. Book a few weeks in advance for prime-time seating, particularly during winter high season, as this is the dinner den of choice.
The comandante of Cuban eateries in Little Havana lures Cubans and Latin Americans with its solid, home-style cooking and Versailles-like atmosphere (think glass chandeliers and backlit mirrors). Try the special, Lechon Asado – a succulent marinated pork – with a side of maduros (plantains).
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Speaking with one voice: children stand up for their rights
by Ana-Maria C
My name is Ana-Maria. I am 16 and in the tenth grade at one of the best secondary schools in my area. I live with my mum, my younger brother and my grandmother in a village around 20 km from town and commute daily to school. My father died just after I had finished first grade.
When I finished eighth grade, a lot of changes occurred in my life. I had to say goodbye to my former colleagues and teachers and my brother also said goodbye to his headmistress, who was like a second mother to us. At the same time, my mother finished her second year of college and began her final year, the most difficult one.
During the summer break, we had good news too: I was top on the list to get into high school, and one day our parish priest came to our home and told me that from September I would be part of a school support programme.
I don't think that last year I could have managed in school without the support of this programme. In town, the costs are almost double what they are in rural areas, and the bus pass can be as much as 100 lei a month. The programme both helps us cover some of our monthly expenses and provides moral support, encouraging us to continue with our education.
The other students and I have talked about poverty in rural areas, human and child rights, parental and pupil responsibilities, sexually-transmitted diseases, the discrimination around us, the importance of a family, a home and education for a child and other topics. I also go to meetings organised as part of another social inclusion programme for marginalised children
We are like a family: we all have equal rights and we would like all children in the world to join us on our journey and fight with us for our rights. We will lobby for the rights of the children and make sure that they are observed.
I'm proud to be part of these programmes. I try to do my best in all activities, because I've been provided with clothes, books, hygiene products, stationery, the joy of being a child, the opportunity to get good marks in school and the encouragement to go even further, to move beyond the hardships of our family life and to see the glass half full.
by Ana-Maria P
I like going to the centre because here people listen to you. I am an easygoing person and I'm glad that I have an environment in which I can develop. I can go to maths classes where detailed explanations are given and take part in groups that help me cope with daily life.
With the support of the programme groups, I can show the people I know how to behave so that people do not look down on them and how they should present themselves for an important meeting. When I have problems, I'm glad that there is a psychologist here who can listen to me and give me the advice I need.
Even when I make a mistake, the people here explain to me kindly what I ought to do. I'm new to the programme and I'm looking forward to learning new things.
by Nicoleta Z
I found out that I would be part of this programme in 2008, and this scholarship has been of great help to me. I was selected to be part of the Our Rights ("Drepturile noastre") programme, because every child has the right to express his or her own opinions.
I believe that this programme could change ideas and the decisions that grown-ups often make for children, because adults are always saying that we are too young to make decisions, even at 18. This programme emphasises a lot the right to life, health, education and ethnicity, and I think that all children should be treated equally, whether they are poor, rich, Roma, Romanian, ill or well.
However, today many parents abandon their children because of lack of money. I think that if the people who have the power to change children's destinies listened to everything we did in this programme, it would mean a little progress in the history of Romania and a lot of progress for the future of children. Not only was I able to pay for some of my textbooks and notebooks, but the foundation helped me make new friends and take part in various educational and social activities.
Financial support is very important for me and my family, because Mum takes care of me and my elder sister, who is in university, alone. Without the support of this project, I wouldn't have been able to attend any high school courses, even though I got very good marks in the high school entrance examination. Mum couldn't afford my daily bus fare to school or all the stuff I would need when I got there.


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Forever Unique Party Dresses offer fantastic contemporary style, and all the quality that we have come to expect of the brand. At Designer Desirables we are proud to feature a great collection of Forever Unique Party Dresses for you to choose from.
Alonside our great range of Forever Unique Party Dresses, you may also like our great collections of Forever Unique Maxi Dresses and the beautiful, Prom Dresses.


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The Augusta GreenJackets received two players Tuesday who should make an impact on the lineup following the promotion of their top hitter.
The San Francisco Giants assigned outfielder Shawn Payne and infielder Travious Relaford to the GreenJackets. Both have played in Augusta in past assignments, including Relaford at the beginning of this season.
Payne hit .229/.320/.305 with 14 doubles, two triples and one home run with 21 stolen bases in 325 plate appearances for San Jose this season. He played almost all of 2012 in Augusta, hitting .309/.413/.430 with 53 stolen bases that caused him to show up on some prospect radars.
Payne is a 24-year-old outfielder drafted in the 35th round in 2011 from Georgia Southern. His numbers indicate the ability to mash the lower levels while taking time to adjust to a higher level of play. This should bode well for the GreenJackets lineup.
Relaford, also a Georgia native out of Union City, began the 2013 season in Augusta and hit .231 with five stolen bases in 56 plate appearances before getting called to Richmond. After 32 games there, he was assigned to San Jose, where he hit .156 in 48 plate appearances. The 21-year-old infielder should spell the GreenJackets middle infield of Alberto Robles and Trevor Brown at times, also allowing Brown to see more time behind the plate.
The two additions should help offset the loss of shortstop Matt Duffy, who was assigned to San Jose following Sunday's game. He went 2 for 5 with two doubles and one RBI in his first game for the Giants on Monday.


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Swedish men's fashion designer Our Legacy has released their Summer 2011 collection and it couldn't have come at a better time. The collection includes a variety of high-quality shirts and denim.
Our Legacy is notorious for their button-up shirts which have become all the rage in the Scandinavian subcultures. The lookbook that features their Summer 2011 collection features Swedish actor Jörgen Svensson running through the urban areas of Stockholm making a stand against transportation vehicles and city guards. Svensson even gets half naked in some of the photos to illustrate the bohemian roots of Our Legacy.
The Our Legacy 2011 Summer Collection also includes some more formal outfits as well, which shows their versatility and ability to throw a little class into the mix.
Rebellious Urban Photography
More Stats +/-
Real-Life Street Kid Portraits
Cool Cali Surftography
Riot Beauty Photography
Casual Summer Ensembles
Candid Urban Captures
The Our Legacy 2011 Summer Collection is Gritty and Fun
- By: Peter VallasMay 31, 2011
References: ourlegacy.se & hypebeast
References: ourlegacy.se & hypebeast


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Staying true to her bohemian style, Margherita Missoni got married to her Italian race car driver beau, Eugenio Amos, over the weekend in a charming small town in Italy. The wedding was held on a farm and included high-profile guests like Carine Roitfeld and Mario Testino (see a photo of the cute picnic-style "table" settings here). The bride wore a gorgeous silk floral-embellished organza Missoni gown — her good friend Giambattista Valli also helped design the gown — paired with a silver tiara and metallic gladiator flats. From the dramatic oversized sleeves to the intricate floral detailing, Margherita looked utterly flawless. Click the slideshow for more photos of Margherita in her wedding dress.
Image Source: Startraks Photo


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There appears to often be confusion with exactly how to perform a trace for a message using the FOPE admin centre. This is actually quite easy to do.
First you need to log into the Admin centre and navigate to the Message Trace page (Tools –>Message Trace).
Here you must enter a sender and a recipient address. One of these addresses can be just a domain but not both.
(in the screenshots above, the domain only address is entered in the form "@domain.com" but this can be entered as well in the form "domain.com").
Also you should specify the "Start Date" and "End Date" as accurately as possible. The maximum date range that you can search for in this tool is limited to 30 days.
If you know the Message ID, Please enter this as then it will just display the exact message that you are interested in. (This can be seen in the header of the email, in Outlook 2010 you can see this by opening the email and navigating to "File Menu->Info->Properties" and should be present in the "Internet Headers" section of the window that appears – often it is easiest to copy and paste the "Internet Headers" information to a text file editor such as notepad).
When you have found the "interesting" email listed at the bottom of the window, click "details" and you will then open a new window which should provide you with a more detailed view of this particular email.


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At Gemvara, we believe that the Two Stone Red Garnet Contemporary Jewelry you wear should be precious because it's personal. Every beautiful Gemvara design is made just for you, in your choice of gems and precious metals. Your child's birthstone in Palladium. Your favorite gem in Sterling Silver. Add your own meaning to every design, creating beautiful memories and brilliant reminders. Gemvara uses only the highest quality materials to craft your Two Stone Red Garnet Contemporary Jewelry with meticulous attention to detail. Our precious metals are recycled or responsibly mined. Our wide selection of Two Stone Red Garnet Contemporary Jewelry by talented designers means you can find jewelry that's just your style. Styles with two gemstones are particularly popular because they can represent two people in love, two children, two parents, or two siblings. Garnets symbolize loyalty and kindness. In a Grimm Fairy Tale, an old lady who rescues an injured bird is rewarded with a magical garnet that lights up the night. Gemvara's red garnet is an earthy red color that is found in Mozambique. Garnet is the birthstone for January, the zodiac gem for Aquarius, and 2nd anniversary gem.Clean your Two Stone Red Garnet Contemporary Jewelry with mild dish soap: use a soft brush where dust collects. Gemvara's fine quality Two Stone Red Garnet Contemporary Jewelry is designed to be passed down for generations to come, crafted by hand in the United States.
We can help right away. Chat with a jewelry expert now!


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Harry Reid made some kind of statement about me talking black only when I wanted to, and now the media and the Republicans are playing it up and calling for his head.
Since he is a Christian infidel and will burn in hell anyway, it doesn't much matter to me. I also don't speak that ebonics crap anyway, except when I want votes from those lowlife morons.
At least Harry didn't call me a "porch monkey" or a "raghead" or a "sand nigger." If he had, I'd have called my Al Quida buddies to rip his head off and shit down his neck.


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Christians do a disservice to the gospel message by removing the cultural context from Jesus's ministry and watering down his message to one of religious platitudes. We like to generalize the words of Jesus and transform his life into a one-size-fits-all model that can apply to all of humanity.
Throughout the New Testament Jesus was more complex than we give him credit for.
He intentionally, purposefully, and passionately addressed very specific causes. He radically addressed the diverse and complicated conflicts of the time and shattered the status quo.
Jesus wasn't just preaching a universal salvation message for the world, but he was also addressing specific political, social, and racial issues. He was helping those who were being abused, violated, and oppressed.


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In this Game of Call of Duty Ghost Prestige Cheat is a new era of Call of Duty, it will test your endurance and killing instinct. Well we all know that Call of Duty is all about warfare. But in this game there is a lot more there Ghost.
In order to finish this game we created a Cheat to help you out. It will help you unlock all the missions that you need to go through, Don't worry all you need to do is to download the file below run it down and then open the game and then its done. your good to go.
This file has been downloaded 2,147 times Today Saturday November 2017
Thanks and 100% works. I will share it with my friends
- Terminator!
Good thing I found this site. Thank you
- tinkerbellWell executed but I cannot move to next level. Works perfect for me
- VinceI ve been looking for this for a long time. Very Good.
- dansw4 5Cool!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! I will buy you a bottle of beer for this.
- Joe SchmoDamn great software!!!!!!!
- DebGood thing this is free! thanks anyway
- GrumpppyWhat you see is what you get. I thought this is fake. Lolz
- LJMThis is epic! Cool
- joannaThanks. Works fine!


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Pleas keep all discussion aobut tonights FINALE in this thread only until 1am eastern.
Thanks and enjoy the show.
Pleas keep all discussion aobut tonights FINALE in this thread only until 1am eastern.
Thanks and enjoy the show.
There you are! I was lookin' for ya. Want to hear what everybody thinks of Kalan's straight hair
Kalan's hair is curly at the moment.
Elena looks cute tonight, she has red streaks in hair.
Elena and Theresa sang I Only Want To Be With You.
Kalan now taking the lead on Tempted by Squeeze.
Hi all
I noticed a link to get Jacob's version of Awake in a Dream, but the link no longer has the song. Is there any way someone could send it to me or tell me where I might find it, please? I am really interested in hearing it, and would very much appreciate it!
Huge screams for Jacob singing the lead on Under Pressure by Queen and David Bowie.
I love that song and he's doing a great job.
Shane singing the high pitched parts, he's kinda ruining it for me.
Shane and Jacob sound good together when Shane is at a more normal pitch.
Manoah and Brandy singing Sisters Are Doing It For Themselves.
Brandy can sing Manoah under the table.
It's curly?? Big talk on the scaries about it being straightened for the show tonight and apparently eTalk showed it. I was hoping it wasn't true - I love his curls
I guess they're going into the rock and roll part of the medley now, Jason taking the lead on Johnny Be Good.
Really?? Of course, I didn't like either of them. Hah.Originally Posted by fluff
Hmmm, I guess he could go and straighten it when he isn't singing but at the moment it's nice and curly.Originally Posted by Ogopogo


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Try Microsoft Edge
A fast and secure browser that's designed for Windows 10
No thanks
Get started
SP2 for Vista 64 fails to install on my machine (I have SP1). I get error 0x80040002 (no such interface - wish it told me what interface on what object but that is asking too much).
After trying all sorts of things I downloaded and ran the install for "system update readiness tool". After a very long time the install came back and said it was successful. But I cannot find the checksur.exe anywhere on my machine.
All I found was a new dir, d:\windows\checksur. That dir only contains 5 .cab files. I have not found the checksur.exe in any of them. Windows desktop search fails to find the file too (not surprising since I searched all of c:\ and d:\ and came up empty.
Note - c:\ is my 64 bit XP and d:\ is where my Vista 64 SP1 resides.
So where is this tool or what am I supposed to do now that I have installed these .cab files?
Try the Windows Install forum on answers.microsoft.com
This forum is for help in writing software so the Windows install experts probably won't come here.
Microsoft is conducting an online survey to understand your opinion of the Msdn Web site. If you choose to participate, the online survey will be presented to you when you leave the Msdn Web site.
Would you like to participate?


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Virginia Marine Resources Commission v. Sarah HarrisonAnnotate this Case
Download PDF
COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA Present: Chief Judge Felton, Judges Elder and Kelsey Argued at Chesapeake, Virginia RONALD W. BOONE v. Record No. 1315-07-1 SARAH HARRISON AND VIRGINIA MARINE RESOURCES COMMISSION VIRGINIA MARINE RESOURCES COMMISSION v. OPINION BY JUDGE D. ARTHUR KELSEY MAY 20, 2008 Record No. 1316-07-1 SARAH HARRISON FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF NORFOLK Norman A. Thomas, Judge Martin A. Thomas (Decker, Cardon, Thomas, Weintraub & Neskis, P.C., on briefs), for Ronald W. Boone. Carl Josephson, Senior Assistant Attorney General (Robert F. McDonnell, Attorney General, on briefs), for Virginia Marine Resources Commission. Thomas S. Carnes for Sarah Harrison. The Virginia Marine Resources Commission (VMRC) and Ronald W. Boone appeal a circuit court order vacating a VMRC pier permit under the Virginia Administrative Process Act (VAPA), Code § 2.2-4000 et seq. Agreeing with the VMRC and Boone that the court exceeded its authority in doing so, we reverse. I. In 2003, Hurricane Isabel destroyed the Harrison Fishing Pier. Boone rebuilt the pier pursuant to special permits authorized by executive order expediting the return of impacted areas and structures to pre-Hurricane Isabel condition. About a third of the way down the 1,490-foot pier, Boone added a restaurant, gameroom, bar, and an upper deck area on the roof of the restaurant with a railing and gazebo. These structures were authorized by VMRC permits. While building the approved structures, Boone also constructed an unapproved 10-by-27 foot structure on the upper deck to serve as an outdoor bar and catering station as well as a place where he could do office work. Seven swivel chairs were installed in front of the bar counter. 1 When VMRC officers pointed out to Boone that his prior permits did not include this particular upper deck bar structure, Boone filed a request for an after-the-fact permit with the VMRC. At the VMRC hearing, Boone presented his plans for the pier and the upper deck, noted his considerable ($2.5 million) investment in the rebuilding effort, and apologized for not securing an amendment to his earlier permits prior to constructing the upper deck bar structure. Boone also presented other witnesses vouching for the public benefits of the pier generally and for Boone personally. The Mayor of the City of Norfolk, Paul Fraim, appeared at the VMRC hearing but had to leave prior to being able to speak. Boone s counsel advised the VMRC that Mayor Fraim authorized him to proffer the mayor s testimony: Mayor Fraim indicated that he wished to tell this commission that the City Council held extensive public hearings before enacting the ordinances that authorized the conditional use permits that would allow them to have these facilities on the pier the restaurant, etc.; that they also consider this an important part of the revitalization of the Willoughby section of Ocean View in the City of Norfolk; that at no time during their consideration did they believe that this structure that s in question that s on top was anything other than an entertainment structure. That s what they ve always known it would be and always believed it would be a catering and entertainment facility. They, the City Council unanimously approved the project by 1 Boone also increased the size of another upper deck structure, a gazebo, previously approved by the VMRC, and added two other structures, a temporary construction trestle and a fish cleaning station, not previously approved by the VMRC. Harrison has abandoned any contest over these structures. -2- passing the ordinances allowing the conditional use permits and the Mayor believes that this facility would greatly enhance the ability of the citizens of Norfolk and the rest of the state to enjoy the Chesapeake Bay by being able to have a place where they can sit on this pier, where they can it s open to the public anybody that wants to come in it s a restaurant, it s licensed by the ABC Board, it s also available for renting out for private functions to anybody that wants to do that, for weddings, etc. Two citizens appeared at the VMRC hearing objecting to Boone s pier rebuilding effort. Sarah Harrison, the appellee in these consolidated cases, said she lived about ten houses down the shoreline west of the pier. Though difficult to follow, her presentation included complaints about the decisions of the Norfolk Planning Commission, the Norfolk City Council, and the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board all of which approved various permits requested by Boone. Harrison also claimed the VMRC may have been deceived by Boone during the permitting process as to his ultimate intentions for the rebuilt pier. She similarly questioned Boone s plans to develop other parcels along the Ocean View shoreline. Harrison also noted that Boone intended to use the pier for dining, dancing, live bands and an arcade. The old pier, she said, housed only a bait and snack shop. Harrison also objected to the noise that she anticipated from Boone s intended uses for the upper deck. She presented to the commission a DVD of the sound testing Boone performed prior to his son s wedding reception on the pier. Early in her remarks, Harrison said she would like to submit evidence for the record and then, throughout her testimony, referred to various documents. Among these were photographs of the former Harrison Fishing Pier, materials copied from the VMRC file, advertisements by the City of Norfolk, materials submitted to the Norfolk Planning Commission and Norfolk City Council, transcript pages from the hearing before the ABC Board, and the like. After she finished speaking, the VMRC chairman advised Harrison to provide these documents to the VMRC staff. -3- In reply to Harrison s testimony, Boone explained the differences between the earlier construction plans and the structures ultimately constructed on the pier. He acknowledged having an ownership interest in nearby properties and insisted that he had never given any kind of false information at any time during the permitting process for the rebuilt pier. As for the sound recording, Boone said it merely recorded a sound test he performed with larger speakers in order to make sure that it was not loud out there. In non-test conditions, Boone suggested, he would be using smaller speakers. The VMRC chairman interrupted Boone at that point stating, We re not interested in that. The other objector, Benny LeBon, added a complaint not mentioned by Harrison. Living just down the street from the pier, LeBon said that when he gets up at the crack of dawn he could not see the sunrise until the sun gets over top of the building it s right directly in my path when the sun comes up. He thought other waterfront residents would have the same problem. Like Harrison, LeBon objected to the restaurant, dancing, dining, and so forth on the pier. There s got to be a place for people to go fish, LeBon concluded, I m not sure fine dining and dancing is what we re thinking about for the Chesapeake Bay. The VMRC commissioners then proceeded to discuss the issue before it: whether to grant the after-the-fact permit for, inter alia, the outdoor bar added by Boone to the already approved upper deck. The commissioners talked about various aspects of the issue. Several voiced concerns about the use of the upper deck structure as a bar instead of a catering operation. Another stated he thought some of the citizen complaints, including concerns over noise and nature of the activities, were beyond the VMRC s jurisdiction but were at any rate addressed by restrictive conditions adopted by the City of Norfolk in its special-use permit. One commissioner noted that the upper deck bar would enhance Boone s ability to recoup the $2.5 million capital outlay for the pier rebuilding effort. Another commented on the -4- huge decrease in public access to the water and the inability of pier owners to rebuild because of the costs. Boone s upgraded pier, this commissioner noted, was an enormous project that gave the public access to the water which is so sorely needed. Another commissioner agreed: Access to the use of the water and enjoyment of the scenery of the water is overwhelming to me in this case. The VMRC chairman put the matter to a vote. The commissioners unanimously voted to issue the after-the-fact permit. They imposed on Boone, however, a $10,000 fine for not obtaining the permit prior to constructing the upper deck bar. Dissatisfied with this decision, Harrison filed a petition for appeal to the circuit court under VAPA. The circuit court vacated the VMRC s grant of Boone s permit, ordered Boone to dismantle the upper deck bar, and awarded Harrison $9,413 in attorney fees. The circuit court rested its ruling on three alternative grounds. It first held that the VMRC violated Harrison s due process rights by failing to consider her written exhibits. The court next ruled the VMRC failed to consider the statutory factors outlined in Code § 28.2-1205(A). Finally, the court conducted its own review of the public trust doctrine and concluded the evidence before the VMRC did not support its decision to authorize Boone s upper deck, outdoor bar. Boone and the VMRC filed unsuccessful motions to reconsider. The circuit court entered a final order declaring the permit null and void and ordering the removal of the upper deck bar structure within 90 days. Boone and the VMRC obtained a stay of the judgment and appealed to us contending the circuit court erred as a matter of law. II. A. VAPA & THE LIMITED NATURE OF JUDICIAL REVIEW Under VAPA, the circuit court reviews the agency s action in a manner equivalent to an appellate court s role in an appeal from a trial court. Mattaponi Indian Tribe v. Dep t of Envtl. -5- Quality ex rel. State Water Control Bd., 43 Va. App. 690, 707, 601 S.E.2d 667, 676 (2004) (citations omitted), aff d sub nom., Alliance to Save the Mattaponi v. Commonwealth Dep t of Envtl. Quality ex rel. State Water Control Bd., 270 Va. 423, 621 S.E.2d 78 (2005). The circuit court has no authority under VAPA to reweigh the facts in the agency s evidentiary record. VAPA authorizes the court to reject the agency s findings of fact only if, considering the record as a whole, a reasonable mind would necessarily come to a different conclusion. Id. (citation omitted and emphasis in original). Nor can the court substitute its own judgment for the agency s on matters committed by statute to the agency s discretion. Instead, when the appellant challenges a judgment call on a topic on which the agency has been entrusted with wide discretion by the General Assembly, we will overturn the decision only if it can be fairly characterized as arbitrary or capricious and thus a clear abuse of delegated discretion. Citland, Ltd. v. Commonwealth ex rel. Kilgore, 45 Va. App. 268, 275, 610 S.E.2d 321, 324 (2005) (citation omitted). This standard recognizes the larger premise that, before any legal question can be answered, an a priori question must first be asked who has the authority to decide. It is the one question that precedes all others. In Virginia, the legislature has invested the VMRC with wide discretion in determining whether to issue permits for projects over state-owned subaqueous lands. Relying on the specialized competency of the VMRC on such matters, Palmer v. Commonwealth Marine Res. Comm n, 48 Va. App. 78, 86, 628 S.E.2d 84, 88 (2006), the legislature did not restrict the VMRC s judgment to any decisionmaking formula intended to dictate the outcome of each permitting decision. Instead, Code § 28.2-1204 instructs the VMRC to permit reasonable uses of state-owned bottomland. The VMRC shall be guided in its deliberations, Code § 28.2-1205(A), by the Virginia Constitution s emphasis on the preservation of the environment, the public s access to public lands for recreation, and maintenance of all public resources for the -6- benefit, enjoyment, and general welfare of the people of the Commonwealth, Va. Const. Art. IX, § 1. Code § 28.2-1205(A) also directs the VMRC to exercise its authority consistent with the public trust doctrine as defined by the common law of the Commonwealth and to consider an additional list of specific factors, including the effect of the project on [a]djacent or nearby properties. See Palmer, 48 Va. App. at 87-88, 628 S.E.2d at 89. The presence or absence of any given factor is not dispositive of whether a permit should be granted; further, not every factor is applicable in every case. Id. at 90, 628 S.E.2d at 90. B. THE CIRCUIT COURT S THREE ALTERNATIVE HOLDINGS The circuit court rested its ruling on three alternative grounds. On appeal, the VMRC and Boone argue the circuit court erred on each one. We agree. (i) Due Process Claim Regarding Harrison s Exhibits The circuit court held the VMRC violated Harrison s due process rights by allegedly refusing to consider her written exhibits. As Boone points out, however, Harrison s VAPA petition for appeal in the circuit court raised no due process claim and mentioned nothing about the VMRC disregarding her exhibits. None of her briefs in the circuit court argued that the VMRC violated her due process rights by failing to consider her exhibits. Nor did Harrison s counsel ever assert this claim at any hearing in the circuit court. The litigants learned of this issue for the first time while reading the circuit court s letter opinion. When the VAPA authorizes judicial review, it must be conducted in the manner provided by the rules of the Supreme Court of Virginia. Christian v. Va. Dep t of Soc. Servs., 45 Va. App. 310, 314, 610 S.E.2d 870, 872 (2005) (quoting Code § 2.2-4206). Rule 2A:4(b) requires all VAPA petitions for appeal filed in the circuit court to specify the errors assigned as -7- well as the specific relief requested. Harrison s petition for appeal in the circuit court never alleged any due process claim. Nor did she later seek to amend her petition to include such a claim. Instead, the circuit court raised the due process claim sua sponte as a basis for reversing the VMRC decision. The court erred by doing so. See generally Clifford v. Commonwealth, 274 Va. 23, 25, 645 S.E.2d 295, 297 (2007) (holding an appellate court may not recast an argument into a different argument upon which to base its decision ). (ii) The VMRC s Consideration of Code § 28.2-1205(A) Factors The circuit court also held that the VMRC failed to consider the impact of the upper deck bar on [a]djacent and nearby properties as required by Code § 28.2-1205(A)(4). The court s opinion identified only two possible impacts on nearby properties: noise and sunrise views. We find no merit in either assertion. With respect to the noise complaint, the circuit court held the VMRC delegated its decisionmaking responsibility to the Norfolk City Council by relying on the noise restrictions imposed on Boone s special use zoning permit. This constituted an unlawful abdication of the VMRC s statutory duties, the court concluded. The litigants debate on appeal whether noise constitutes a sufficient impact on [a]djacent or nearby properties, Code § 28.2-1205(A)(4), to be a required statutory consideration in every case. The Attorney General opines that the VMRC should consider only direct physical impacts. See 1972-73 Op. Att y Gen. 188, 1973 Va. AG LEXIS 108 (1973). Harrison contends that excessive noise should always be considered if it affects nearby properties and complains that the VMRC s position differs from its actions in other cases in which non-physical impacts were considered. We find this debate largely academic because the administrative record demonstrates, as Boone argues on appeal, that the VMRC did consider Harrison s noise complaint. At the VMRC -8- hearing, Harrison and LeBon testified on this subject. Afterwards, the commission invited Boone to offer a response. He explained that the sound recording offered by Harrison merely recorded his use of large speakers to perform a sound test. Apparently based upon this explanation, the commissioners chose not to listen to the recording. During deliberations, the VMRC chairman noted that the proffer of the mayor s statement established that the City of Norfolk approved everything and did not have a problem with it so I don t see why we should. While questioning whether noise and the nature of the activities were within the VMRC s jurisdiction, an associate commissioner pointed out that, in any event, the City of Norfolk resolved these concerns with some restrictive conditions on the use of the property, hours of operation, etc. These conditions prohibited entertainment for the outdoor portion of the restaurant after 10:00 p.m and subjected all activities on the pier to the noise regulations found in Norfolk City Code §§ 26-1 to 26-13. So I think that s already been addressed by the City, the associate commissioner reasoned. Under Code § 28.2-1205(B), the VMRC shall consult with other state agencies . . . whenever the Commission s decision on a permit application relates to or affects the particular concerns or activities of those agencies. (Emphasis added.) It follows that the VMRC may consult with municipal authorities and consider their actions to the extent relevant to the permit application. While an administrative agency cannot shirk its own statutory mandate to take into account all relevant considerations, neither must it pretend that it is the only agency addressing the issue when it is not; that would only lead it to conduct a wasteful, duplicative proceeding. Holyoke Gas & Electric Dep t v. SEC, 972 F.2d 358, 363 (D.C. Cir. 1992). Given the VMRC s willingness to take evidence on the noise issue, both from Harrison and Boone, and to consider the City of Norfolk s role in restricting the special use permit, we reject the circuit court s conclusion that the VMRC abdicated any statutory duty to consider the -9- noise issue as a relevant impact on [a]djacent or nearby properties. Code § 28.2-1205(A)(4). While it appears the subject was not given dispositive weight, nothing in the statute requires that any specific factor be given any measurable weight, only that it be considered by the VMRC during the decisionmaking process. The weight that should be properly given to any specific factor including any claimed impact on [a]djacent or nearby properties, Code § 28.2-1205(A)(4) is a decision for the VMRC not the courts. We acknowledge, but find unpersuasive, the circuit court s emphasis on the we re not interested in that remark by the VMRC chairman during Boone s rebuttal testimony. Under VAPA, we cannot seize upon questions, comments or incidences of an orderly administrative process to discredit agency action that is supported by the record, viewed in context and as a whole. The Mattaponi Indian Tribe, 43 Va. App. at 706, 601 S.E.2d at 675 (citation omitted). We focus instead on the decision itself and the entire factual record considered by the agency. Id. (citation omitted). By design, this standard gives great stability and finality to the factfindings of an administrative agency, id. (citation omitted), and also ensures that we remain faithful to our statutory duty to take due account of the presumption of official regularity as well as the agency s experience and specialized competence, id. (quoting Code § 2.2-4027). With respect to the sunrise view issue, we find even less merit in this assertion. Harrison never testified before the VMRC that the upper deck bar interfered with her view of the sunrise. Perhaps that could be inferred from LeBon s testimony. But, if so, the inference is far too slender to support the weight of Harrison s argument. LeBon s next-door neighbor, Harrison said she lived about ten houses down the shoreline west of the pier. Harrison did not present any evidence on how often the sun and the upper deck bar share the same azimuth from the vantage point of her home. Nor did she account for the effect of solar declination tracking the change of seasons. - 10 - The specific obstruction in question, after all, is not the 1,490-foot pier with shelters and fish cleaning station, or its 116-by-42 foot building housing a restaurant, bait shop, rest rooms, snack bar, and recreational gameroom. Nor is it the uncontested structures on the roof of the building: the upper deck with its railing and 16½-by-11 foot gazebo. The obstruction at issue here is the 10-by-27 foot upper deck bar which, at best, would have a purely incremental and momentary impact on Harrison s sunrise views. We hold the VMRC did not fail to give sufficient consideration to this particular issue. (iii) The VMRC s Violation of the Public Trust Doctrine Code § 28.2-1205(A) directs the VMRC to exercise its authority consistent with the public trust doctrine adopted by the common law and the provisions of Article XI, Section 1 of the Virginia Constitution. As we recognized in Palmer, the public trust doctrine provides: The state holds the land lying beneath public waters as trustee for the benefit of all citizens. As trustee, the state is responsible for proper management of the resource to ensure the preservation and protection of all appropriate current and potential future uses, including potentially conflicting uses, by the public. 48 Va. App. at 88, 628 S.E.2d at 89 (quoting VMRC, Subaqueous Guidelines § I(B)); see Sharon M. Kelly, The Public Trust and the Constitution: Routes to Judicial Overview of Resource Management Decisions in Virginia, 75 Va. L. Rev. 895, 896 (1989); see also Ill. Cent. R.R. v. Illinois, 146 U.S. 387, 436 (1892) (described by Commonwealth v. Newport News, 158 Va. 521, 536, 164 S.E. 689, 693 (1932), as [p]robably the clearest enunciation of this trust doctrine ). In this case, the circuit court held the upper deck bar violated the public trust doctrine as a matter of law and, thus, that the VMRC acted arbitrarily and capriciously in granting the permit. The court explained its reasoning this way: With respect to non-water dependent structures, the public trust doctrine must mean something. Yet, VMRC renders it meaningless by granting Boone s permit for the second-story bar structure when its - 11 - functions merely duplicate already-permitted uses on the Ocean View Fishing Pier. At a minimum, proper application of the public trust doctrine requires avoidance of redundant non-water dependent uses at close proximity on the same pier. The Court rules that, under the circumstances of this case, VMRC misapplied the public trust doctrine. It thereby breached its duties to the public by permitting the second-story bar structure, when its intended non-water dependent use serves only to duplicate facilities available within or from the pier s main building. The record establishes that the structure is not reasonable or even valuable to the greater public interest as a nonwater dependent use, and, clearly, alternatives exist for reducing any anticipated adverse impacts. The circuit court framed its reasoning to track the Subaqueous Guidelines adopted by the VMRC. See generally Palmer, 48 Va. App. at 88-89, 628 S.E.2d at 89-90. Under those guidelines, the VMRC considers whether the anticipated use would be water dependent like boating, fishing, marine commerce, and the like. Code § 28.2-1205, however, contains no mandatory water-dependency criterion. The VMRC guidelines also make clear that water dependency is not a mandatory factor: Use of the definition of water dependency does not necessarily preclude issuance of a permit for non-water dependent structures over State-owned submerged lands. At public hearing, the Commission may determine that, while a structure is not water dependent, it is a reasonable use of State-owned submerged lands. VMRC Subaqueous Guidelines § I(C)(2). The circuit court held the VMRC s decision to grant a permit for the upper deck bar violated the public trust doctrine as a matter of law because the outdoor bar on the upper deck was not water-dependent under the VMRC guidelines and merely duplicate[d] the indoor bar on the lower deck. We need not stake out definitive boundaries for the public trust doctrine in order to conclude the court erred. Code § 28.2-1205 contains no water-dependency criterion, and the VMRC s guidelines include water dependency only as a factor for consideration. See Palmer, 48 Va. App. at 90, 628 S.E.2d at 90 (recognizing that, as related to private piers, the - 12 - VMRC may properly consider the cumulative effect of issuing multiple permits for structures over the water of the Commonwealth ). Code § 28.2-1205(A) directs the VMRC not the courts to decide whether, in its expert discretion, granting the permit would be consistent with the public trust doctrine. Under VAPA, the courts have no authority to make a de novo judgment on the subject. Absent a statutory or constitutional violation, a VMRC decision to grant a permit can be judicially upended under VAPA only if the decision can be fairly condemned as arbitrary and capricious, wholly lacking in reasoned judgment or supporting facts. No such conclusion can be reached under the facts of this case. 2 III. The circuit court erred in vacating the VMRC s grant of an after-the-fact permit for the upper deck bar built on the roof of Boone s pier restaurant. It necessarily follows that the court had no authority to order the dismantling of the bar structure or to award Harrison attorney fees as the prevailing party. Reversed. 2 Given our ruling, we need not address the appellants additional arguments that (i) VMRC decisions consistent with the public trust doctrine . . . shall not be deemed to have been made pursuant to the police power per Code § 28.2-1205(F); (ii) the circuit court s ruling, in effect, judicially reviewed earlier, unappealed permit decisions over which it had no jurisdiction; (iii) none of Harrison s complaints involve claims of direct, physical impacts on her property; (iv) Harrison was not an aggrieved party for purposes of a VAPA appeal; and (v) the circuit court s remedial order violated Code § 2.2-4029 - 13 -


text: On Mon, Oct 6, 2008 at 14:58, Cale Gibbard <cgibbard at gmail.com> wrote: > 2008/10/6 Don Stewart <dons at galois.com>: >> dagit: >>> data and newtype vary in one more subtle way, and that's how/when they >>> evaluate to bottom. Most of the time they behave identically, but in the >>> right cases they act sightly differently. newtype is usually regarded as >>> more efficient than data. This is because the compiler can choose to >>> optimize away the newtype so that it only exists at type check time. I >>> think this is also possible with data in some, but not all, uses. >> >> The compiler *must* optimise away the use. They're sort of 'virtual' >> data, guaranteed to have no runtime cost. > > I'm not sure that I'd want to be that emphatic about what an > implementation *must* do regarding something so operational. > > The informal semantics of pattern matching in the Report says: > > Matching the pattern con pat against a value, where con is a > constructor defined by newtype, depends on the value: > * If the value is of the form con v, then pat is matched against v. > * If the value is _|_, then pat is matched against _|_. > That is, constructors associated with newtype serve only to change the > type of a value. > > This clearly has an implementation which introduces no overhead, which > one can expect from good implementations of the language. There are > obviously implementations of these semantics which do introduce > overhead as well though, so I would be hesitant to make any > requirement like that. And this requirement is there why? Is it specifically put in so that one is able to create this overhead-less implementation? Given: data A = A Int newtype B = B Int ta (A x) = True tb (B x) = True This happens (not surprisingly given your above comments): *Main GOA> :load test.hs [1 of 1] Compiling Main ( test.hs, interpreted ) Ok, modules loaded: Main. *Main GOA> ta undefined *** Exception: Prelude.undefined *Main GOA> tb undefined True Why is the x evaluated in ta? cheers, Arnar