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The Nauyaca Waterfalls
The Nauyaca Waterfalls are located in a canyon approximately eight meters wide.
One of the falls is forty-five meters high in free fall and the other, twenty meters high with a tiered fall, forming at the bottom a 1,000 square meter and six meter deep pool. There are also other smaller natural pools where visitors can seize the opportunity and enjoy the waters with their families or friends.
Nauyaca Waterfalls is the ideal place for nature and adventure lovers, where tourists can walk, swim, climb, jump, take photographs and spend a marvelous day in the warm waters of Rio Barucito, enjoying one of the most beautiful places in Costa Rica's South Pacific.
These waterfalls are a reference point for adventure ecotourism, as they are recognized worldwide for their beauty and the excellent services offered.


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General principles of one lung ventilation
- Authors
- Martin Ma, MD
Martin Ma, MD
- Lecturer
- University of Toronto
- Peter D Slinger, MD, FRCPC
Peter D Slinger, MD, FRCPC
- Section Editor — Thoracic/Vascular Anesthesia
- Professor of Anesthesia
- Toronto General Hospital
- Section Editor
- Roberta Hines, MD
Roberta Hines, MD
- Editor-in-Chief — Anesthesiology
- Section Editor — Anesthesia with Comorbid Cardiovascular/Pulmonary Conditions
- Professor and Chair, Department of Anesthesiology
- Yale School of Medicine
- Deputy Editor
- Nancy A Nussmeier, MD, FAHA
Nancy A Nussmeier, MD, FAHA
- Deputy Editor — Anesthesiology
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine
- Massachusetts General Hospital
In most patients requiring mechanical ventilation, both lungs are inflated and deflated together. One lung ventilation (OLV) refers to mechanical separation of the two lungs to allow ventilation of only one lung, while the other lung is compressed by the surgeon or allowed to passively deflate. OLV is a standard approach to facilitate surgical exposure for pulmonary and other thoracic surgeries, or may be used to isolate a pathologic from a healthy lung to prevent soiling or to allow differential ventilation.
This topic will discuss the general principles and physiology of OLV, its management, and complications. Devices used for OLV, their placement and comparative performance are reviewed separately. (See "Lung isolation techniques".)
One lung ventilation (OLV) is used either to improve exposure to the surgical field in thoracic surgery, or to anatomically isolate one lung from a pathologic process of the other lung. Contraindications to OLV include dependence on bilateral mechanical ventilation, and intraluminal airway masses that restrict access to the tracheobronchial tree.
Surgical exposure — An immobile, collapsed lung in the vicinity of the surgical field improves access to the thoracic cavity; thus, OLV is used during many thoracic surgical procedures:
●Pulmonary resection, including pneumonectomy, lobectomy, and wedge resectionTo continue reading this article, you must log in with your personal, hospital, or group practice subscription. For more information on subscription options, click below on the option that best describes you:
Subscribers log in hereLiterature review current through: Oct 2017. | This topic last updated: Oct 08, 2017.The content on the UpToDate website is not intended nor recommended as a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your own physician or other qualified health care professional regarding any medical questions or conditions. The use of this website is governed by the UpToDate Terms of Use ©2017 UpToDate, Inc.References
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- Karzai W, Schwarzkopf K. Hypoxemia during one-lung ventilation: prediction, prevention, and treatment. Anesthesiology 2009; 110:1402.
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- Pardos PC, Garutti I, Piñeiro P, et al. Effects of ventilatory mode during one-lung ventilation on intraoperative and postoperative arterial oxygenation in thoracic surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2009; 23:770.
- van der Werff YD, van der Houwen HK, Heijmans PJ, et al. Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema. A retrospective analysis of incidence and possible risk factors. Chest 1997; 111:1278.
- Rothen HU, Sporre B, Engberg G, et al. Influence of gas composition on recurrence of atelectasis after a reexpansion maneuver during general anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1995; 82:832.
- Jordan S, Mitchell JA, Quinlan GJ, et al. The pathogenesis of lung injury following pulmonary resection. Eur Respir J 2000; 15:790.
- Cheng YJ, Chan KC, Chien CT, et al. Oxidative stress during 1-lung ventilation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 132:513.
- Brodsky JB, Lemmens HJ. Left double-lumen tubes: clinical experience with 1,170 patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2003; 17:289.
- Yang M, Ahn HJ, Kim K, et al. Does a protective ventilation strategy reduce the risk of pulmonary complications after lung cancer surgery?: a randomized controlled trial. Chest 2011; 139:530.
- Licker M, Diaper J, Villiger Y, et al. Impact of intraoperative lung-protective interventions in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery. Crit Care 2009; 13:R41.
- Slinger P, Suissa S, Triolet W. Predicting arterial oxygenation during one-lung anaesthesia. Can J Anaesth 1992; 39:1030.
- Bardoczky GI, Szegedi LL, d'Hollander AA, et al. Two-lung and one-lung ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the effects of position and F(IO)2. Anesth Analg 2000; 90:35.
- Tusman G, Böhm SH, Sipmann FS, Maisch S. Lung recruitment improves the efficiency of ventilation and gas exchange during one-lung ventilation anesthesia. Anesth Analg 2004; 98:1604.
- Cinnella G, Grasso S, Natale C, et al. Physiological effects of a lung-recruiting strategy applied during one-lung ventilation. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2008; 52:766.
- Unzueta C, Tusman G, Suarez-Sipmann F, et al. Alveolar recruitment improves ventilation during thoracic surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Anaesth 2012; 108:517.
- Koh WJ, Suh GY, Han J, et al. Recruitment maneuvers attenuate repeated derecruitment-associated lung injury. Crit Care Med 2005; 33:1070.
- Suh GY, Koh Y, Chung MP, et al. Repeated derecruitments accentuate lung injury during mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med 2002; 30:1848.
- Bardoczky GI, d'Hollander AA, Cappello M, Yernault JC. Interrupted expiratory flow on automatically constructed flow-volume curves may determine the presence of intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure during one-lung ventilation. Anesth Analg 1998; 86:880.
- Inomata S, Nishikawa T, Saito S, Kihara S. "Best" PEEP during one-lung ventilation. Br J Anaesth 1997; 78:754.
- Fujiwara M, Abe K, Mashimo T. The effect of positive end-expiratory pressure and continuous positive airway pressure on the oxygenation and shunt fraction during one-lung ventilation with propofol anesthesia. J Clin Anesth 2001; 13:473.
- Abe K, Oka J, Takahashi H, et al. Effect of high-frequency jet ventilation on oxygenation during one-lung ventilation in patients undergoing thoracic aneurysm surgery. J Anesth 2006; 20:1.
- Campos JH. Update on selective lobar blockade during pulmonary resections. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2009; 22:18.
- Morikawa T, Sugiura H, Kaji M, et al. Availability of lobe-selective bronchial blockade for video-assisted thoracic surgery: an initial experience with three cases. Surg Endosc 2002; 16:327.
- Ishikawa S, Nakazawa K, Makita K. Progressive changes in arterial oxygenation during one-lung anaesthesia are related to the response to compression of the non-dependent lung. Br J Anaesth 2003; 90:21.
- Schwarzkopf K, Klein U, Schreiber T, et al. Oxygenation during one-lung ventilation: the effects of inhaled nitric oxide and increasing levels of inspired fraction of oxygen. Anesth Analg 2001; 92:842.
- Rocca GD, Passariello M, Coccia C, et al. Inhaled nitric oxide administration during one-lung ventilation in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2001; 15:218.
- Wilson WC, Kapelanski DP, Benumof JL, et al. Inhaled nitric oxide (40 ppm) during one-lung ventilation, in the lateral decubitus position, does not decrease pulmonary vascular resistance or improve oxygenation in normal patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1997; 11:172.
- Casati A, Mascotto G, Iemi K, et al. Epidural block does not worsen oxygenation during one-lung ventilation for lung resections under isoflurane/nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2005; 22:363.
- Ozcan PE, Sentürk M, Sungur Ulke Z, et al. Effects of thoracic epidural anaesthesia on pulmonary venous admixture and oxygenation during one-lung ventilation. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2007; 51:1117.
- Garutti I, Quintana B, Olmedilla L, et al. Arterial oxygenation during one-lung ventilation: combined versus general anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1999; 88:494.
- Xu Y, Tan Z, Wang S, et al. Effect of thoracic epidural anesthesia with different concentrations of ropivacaine on arterial oxygenation during one-lung ventilation. Anesthesiology 2010; 112:1146.
- El-Tahan MR. Role of Thoracic Epidural Analgesia for Thoracic Surgery and Its Perioperative Effects. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2017; 31:1417.
- Módolo NS, Módolo MP, Marton MA, et al. Intravenous versus inhalation anaesthesia for one-lung ventilation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; :CD006313.
- Rogers SN, Benumof JL. Halothane and isoflurane do not decrease PaO2 during one-lung ventilation in intravenously anesthetized patients. Anesth Analg 1985; 64:946.
- Beck DH, Doepfmer UR, Sinemus C, et al. Effects of sevoflurane and propofol on pulmonary shunt fraction during one-lung ventilation for thoracic surgery. Br J Anaesth 2001; 86:38.
- Pruszkowski O, Dalibon N, Moutafis M, et al. Effects of propofol vs sevoflurane on arterial oxygenation during one-lung ventilation. Br J Anaesth 2007; 98:539.
- Reid CW, Slinger PD, Lenis S. A comparison of the effects of propofol-alfentanil versus isoflurane anesthesia on arterial oxygenation during one-lung ventilation. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1996; 10:860.
- Abe K, Shimizu T, Takashina M, et al. The effects of propofol, isoflurane, and sevoflurane on oxygenation and shunt fraction during one-lung ventilation. Anesth Analg 1998; 87:1164.
- Schilling T, Kozian A, Senturk M, et al. Effects of volatile and intravenous anesthesia on the alveolar and systemic inflammatory response in thoracic surgical patients. Anesthesiology 2011; 115:65.
- De Conno E, Steurer MP, Wittlinger M, et al. Anesthetic-induced improvement of the inflammatory response to one-lung ventilation. Anesthesiology 2009; 110:1316.
- Sugasawa Y, Yamaguchi K, Kumakura S, et al. Effects of sevoflurane and propofol on pulmonary inflammatory responses during lung resection. J Anesth 2012; 26:62.
- Hu XL, Tang HH, Zhou ZG, et al. [The effect of sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia only and propofol total intravenous anesthesia on perioperative cytokine balance in lung cancer patients]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2011; 27:659.
- Indications
- - Surgical exposure
- - Lung isolation
- Contraindications
- Low tidal volume
- Permissive hypercapnia
- Positive end-expiratory pressure
- - Auto PEEP in obstructive disease
- Low airway pressures
- Oxygen concentration
- Protective ventilation
- Predicting hypoxemia during OLV
- Treatment of hypoxemia
- Intravenous versus inhalation anesthetics
- General versus combined thoracic epidural/general anesthesia

subset: commoncrawl


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BROOKLYN - On a night where no one called out another teamâs hometown and a passive crowd took a backseat to the action on the court, the Brooklyn Nets flexed their collective muscles and regained control of their NBA playoff series against the Toronto Raptors.
It didnât come easy, although until about the final few minutes of the game it looked like it would, before the Nets managed to hang on for a 102-98 win to lead the best-of-seven Eastern Conference quarterfinal series 2-1.
The Raptors had to be feeling pretty good about themselves through the first quarter when the late-arriving Brooklyn crowd was a complete non-factor and Toronto seemed to have the edge in the energy department getting out to an early four-point lead.
It all started to go awry in the second quarter and the Raptors never had that good feeling again.
Not that they didn't come close to getting back to that happy place.


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CHAIRMAN Mao Zedong looks down benignly at the crowds from his perch in Tianfu Square in Chengdu, one arm raised in friendly salutation, an avuncular smile on his face.
I wave back at the huge marble statue of the iconic Chinese leader as my Chinese friends burst into giggles. Statues of Mao are few and far between in modern China, they tell me. Enjoy this one while you can.
The country has moved on since Chairman Mao and his cultural revolution plunged China into years of deep unforgiving darkness. With or without the statues, China today bears no resemblance to the traumatised nation that Mao ruled over.
Centre stage in the brave new world of emerging nations, modern-day China is the envy of the world as its turbocharged economy continues to race ahead of the pack, ensuring a place on the global landscape not only for itself but also for other BRICs and members of the G20.
China's new leaders — President Xi Jinping and Prime Minister Li Keqiang — are courted by East and West even as they struggle to reconcile the high expectations of their country's global role with looming and seemingly intractable domestic challenges.
The list of tasks they face at home is daunting. Over the next few years, China must continue to grow by about 7pc a year while shifting the focus from exports to domestic consumption, ensuring green growth, a cleaner environment, smarter cities, and food and water security for its people.
And yet, even though the way ahead is certainly going to be bumpy and difficult — and Chinese growth rates will falter again before they rise — visiting China is like a shot in the arm, a much-needed injection of energy.
Here in Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan, the food is spicy, the pace is hectic and pollution levels are high. Traditionally serene temples and tea houses vie for space with fast-paced cafes and restaurants. The traffic weaves crazily down massive avenues lined with all the top Western brands. Gucci, Louis Vuitton, and Versace compete with each other but also with upcoming Chinese rivals which experts tell me will one day dominate Western high streets.
I can believe it. Chinese fashion — young Chinese fashion — is cheeky, fun and irreverent. Girls and boys clearly love dressing up at all times of the day and night.
At Sichuan University, the mood is bright and upbeat. Girls in funky clothes mill around looking cool, books in hand and boys at their heels.
The university is a city unto itself, with 64,000 students and a campus so big that students use motorbikes and rickshaws to get from one class to another. The head of the external relations department tells me that he can't keep up with the number of foreign dignitaries who want to visit the university and engage with students.
US Vice President Joe Biden was there only a few days ago as was Pakistan's advisor to the prime minister Sartaj Aziz.
At the seminar I attend with Chinese academics and scholars, the talk is serious as we discuss relations between China and the European Union. Clearly, things are not looking good — and much of the unease has to do with America's relations with both Brussels and Beijing.
Chinese scholars worry that Europe is 'pivoting' to Asia along with the US and fear this is a reflection of a joint US-EU strategy to 'contain' China. Beijing is also clearly worried about negotiations on a transatlantic trade and investment partnership which they underline will exclude China and also kill off the multilateral trading system.
Europeans meanwhile complain that Beijing is much too focused on its 'Great Power' relationship with the US to pay sufficient attention to Europe — and that when China does look at Europe, it sees only its special relationship with Germany.
Both sides fret over a lack of 'strategic trust' in their relations. Clearly, it's time to try and reinvigorate EU-China relations, to restore confidence and find new areas of common interest.
It's not going to be easy given the domestic tasks facing both Chinese and European leaders. Chinese friends tell me that Beijing's focus is on realising the 'Chinese dream' — and that they are convinced Europe can help them to achieve their goals.
Later, at a meeting with Chinese teachers and students, my European colleagues and I are queried about almost all aspects of modern-day Europe.
Some of my colleagues try to talk to them about human rights, democracy and environmental protection but the students really want to know more about Europe's attitudes towards Syria, Turkey and Muslim communities in the EU.
"Is Britain going to leave the EU," they ask. "Is Turkey excluded from EU membership because it is a Muslim country?"
It's not all hard work, however. Out in the beautiful countryside as we visit ancient temples, centuries-old irrigation systems and panda preservation parks, the mood is lighter, the laughter spontaneous. The mountain trails are crowded as people of all ages pay respect to the sages and priests of the past. Modern China is rediscovering the wisdom of its ancients.
Later, as we come back to town, a young woman approaches us cautiously, eager to talk and show off her beautiful baby girl. Little Tan May Yen is special in a society that has long implemented a one-child policy and where traditionally families have always preferred boys to girls.
Someone tells me Chinese mothers believe that foreigners bring good luck to babies. As the baby grabs my bracelets and I caress her soft cheeks, I know that this is a moment I will not forget. China, with its mix of new and old, fast and slow, modern and traditional, will always have a special place in my heart.
The writer is Dawn's correspondent in Brussels.


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Friends of Del Rio Animals
PO Box 422072
Del Rio, TX 78842
For issues regarding this site:
Shop Pawlee's and suport FDRA!
Support FDRA by buying from our Cafe Press store!
webmail login
Established in 2004, Friends of Del Rio Animals (FDRA) is the first 501(c)3 tax exempt animal rescue organization in the history of Del Rio, Texas. Our ultimate goal was to build a no-kill animal shelter for which we would try to raise money through donations and grant writing, however the current economic situation does not make it feasible at this time. In the meantime we are working to educate folks about the importance of spay/neuter, and conducting fundraisers/taking donations so that we may hold two low-cost spay/neuter clinics per year, and to fund our ongoing Trap, Neuter, Release, feral cat program. Our goal at this point and time is to make Del Rio a "No More Homeless Pets" community through spay/neuter assistance.
See this video about Shepp in Corpus Christi and learn why animal abuse laws need to be made and enforced.
See this video by "Dogs Deserve Better."


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At Gemvara, we believe that the jewelry you wear should be one of a kind, like you. That's why we make each piece to order, one at a time, just the way you want it. Choose iolite and palladium or garnet and yellow gold: it's your choice. Mix and match gems and precious metals for a look that's exactly you. It's jewelry for all life's occasions, from a birthday or Valentine's Day to your own personal milestones and celebrations. Choose a graduation gift she'll treasure her whole life, capturing the memory of this moment in precious gems and metals. Gemvara uses only the highest quality materials to craft your november birthstone contemporary jewelry design with meticulous attention to detail. Our precious metals are recycled or responsibly mined. The November birthstone, citrine, is a golden quartz cousin of amethyst with a beautiful honey colored glow. Our wide selection of november birthstone contemporary jewelry by Ji Hwang, Randy Dixon, Ruzanna Davtian, and other talented designers means you can find jewelry that's exactly your style. You can also shop by style, choosing our Timeless Hearts, Vintage-Inspired, or Featured Collection Collections. Gemvara's fine quality november birthstone contemporary jewelry is designed to be passed down for generations to come, crafted by hand in the United States.
We can help right away. Chat with a jewelry expert now!


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Can Age-Related Muscle Loss Be Prevented?
Rightly, sarcopenia is becoming increasingly recognized as a serious health threat to aging populations everywhere. The gradual loss of physical strength can lead to greater risks of injuries, debilitation and overall frailty. Because there is no single cause for this deterioration, countermeasures are to be multifold.


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Boeing Capital Corporation is a global provider of financing solutions. A wholly-owned subsidiary of The Boeing Company, Boeing Capital offers asset-backed lending and leasing, concentrating on assets that are critical to the core operations of Boeing customers. Boeing Capital's primary mission is to support the other Boeing business units by ensuring customers have the financing they need to buy and take delivery of their Boeing products.
Boeing Capital is led by President Tim Myers.
Customer Finance assists commercial aircraft customers by arranging and structuring asset-based financing and providing a broad range of efficient financing solutions for Boeing Commercial Airplanes products and services. Expertise and product offerings include backstop commitments, operating leases, financing leases, sale/leasebacks, freighter conversion financing, long- and short-term financing, and senior and subordinated secured loans. Customer Finance works closely with Boeing Commercial Airplanes customers to develop aircraft financing solutions. Working with commercial financial institutions, the group is proactively engaged with the U.S. Export-Import Bank and other export credit agencies to ensure availability of adequate and reasonably priced financing for developing customers and regions. Customer Finance is actively engaged to enhance and expand the capital markets by managing a comprehensive investor outreach program that is capturing the financial community's requirements and ensuring that they understand the Boeing product strategy and the significant value discriminators that differentiate Boeing from its competition.
Boeing Capital's Asset Management team is responsible for the management of portfolio aircraft for Boeing Capital and Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Asset Management is focused on aircraft technical support and remarketing activities including aircraft transitions, modifications, configurations and monitoring technical status and aircraft compliance with various regulations and commercial agreements.
Boeing's Available Aircraft contains Boeing-owned aircraft acquired through trades, lease returns, and other mechanisms, as well as aircraft that meet our high standards from the secondary market. We serve operators who must expand their fleet immediately, or who are not presently in a position to purchase brand new equipment.
Contact Boeing Aircraft Trading.
The 2017 Current Aircraft Finance Market Outlook projects another year of steady performance and stable volume from the primary sources of aircraft financing, with strong aviation industry fundamentals driving new financier and investor participation and competitive pricing for buyers of large commercial aircraft.
While the aircraft financing environment continues to be healthy overall, there are some developments Boeing is closely monitoring. These include tighter global bank regulations, lingering uncertainty around export credit in the United States and Europe, and a heightened risk of illiquidity due to regulatory reform and central banks' remaining capacity to stimulate.


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Congratulations Corey! Team Semper Fi member and Semper Fi Fund Community Outreach Coordinator, Corey Petersen recently won the 2011 Ms. Wheelchair California in Los Angeles. Along with winning the title, she also won Ms. Congeniality, and is the first Veteran to hold the title of Ms. Wheelchair California.
Corey, a retired Staff Sergeant of the United States Marine Corps, is a member of Team Semper Fi, our "Recovery Through Sports" program. She has participated in the Marine Corps Marathon hand-cycling competition and finished 3rd place in 2010 in the female division, and she has received Gold Medals at the National Veterans Wheelchair Games for shot put, javelin, bowling and a silver medal for hand-cycling. Corey encompasses the true spirit of Team Semper Fi — embracing the fighting, athletic spirit to assist with her recovery.
Corey suffered a T5 spinal cord injury as the result of a snowmobiling accident in 2007 but has not let that hold her back from living life to the fullest. She will continue to spread the word about the benefits of sports for rehabilitation during her reign as well as through her contact with Team Semper Fi members, Veterans and people with disabilities. In the year-long reign as Ms. Wheelchair California, Corey will have many responsibilities that include meeting with elected officials to affect positive change for people with disabilities, speaking engagements, public appearances, and she will ride on the Kiwanis International Rose Parade float.
Again, we congratulate Corey on winning Ms. Wheelchair California 2011! Please join us in cheering on Corey at the Ms. Wheelchair America in August 2011!


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My Nonprofit Reviews
Review for GREY2K USA Education Fund, Arlington, MA, USA
I find it very interesting that any time someone has a negative review of this group, Carey2 chimes in that the review is not based on facts, and is part of some sort of "conspiracy" by "dog racing supporters". Keep in mind that Carey's two "non-profits" (Grey2k USA Education Fund / Grey2k USA), rake in several hundred thousand dollars per year. Carey and his wife, Christine Dorchak, take a very large percentage of that money as their personal income. Less than 2% of donations benefit greyhounds. If you want to help greyhounds, donate directly to an adoption group (Greyhounds Pets of America is preferred).
More Feedback
Will you volunteer or donate to this organization?
How much of an impact do you think this organization has?
When was your last experience with this nonprofit?
Without question, there is a cynical effort underway by greyhound breeders to post negative false reviews on this site. Dog racing supporters like "rxallen" (who has no activity on this site other than this one false review) are coordinating with each other and posting false statements. For example, here is a message posted on Facebook last month, in which a greyhound breeder asked others to post negative information about our work on GreatNonprofits: http://www.grey2kusa.org/images/Cynical_effort_by_greyhound_breeders_to_post_false_reviews.png Like the other messages posted by dog racing supporters, your "review" contains all sorts of false statements. Specifically, the claim that "less than 2%" of donations benefit greyhounds" is nonsense, and the suggestion that our employees receive a percentage of all donations is completely untrue. In reality, the GREY2K USA Education Fund is an all-volunteer organization.
Here is the full link again: http://www.grey2kusa.org/images/Cynical_effort_by_greyhound_breeders_to_post_false_reviews.png


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Discussion in 'Former Pro Player Talk' started by forehand_dude, Jan 2, 2012.
Great post Steve123.
Tennis is not the same sport now than 11 years ago, it was not the same sport 11 years ago than 30 years ago, it was not the same sport 30 years ago than 50 years ago....
Playing conditions are changing continuously (slowing down surfaces, slower balls, homogeneization of surfaces, different racquet technology, different string technology, different ranking systems, tie-break versus no-tie-break era, 8 seeds, then 16 seeds, then 32 seeds, different importance of certain tournaments depending on the era, ....)
It is quite absurd to pretend there is some kind of "greatest tennis player of all times" as if tennis would have stayed always exactly the same sport played under exactly the same conditions.
The most you can more or less objectively say is that there have been several players that stood out in their respective eras: Gonzalez, Rosewall, Laver, Borg, Sampras, Federer (and many others like Connors, Lendl, McEnroe, Agassi, Nadal...who stood out almost as much).
Note: And I start with Gonzalez era because it was more or less the first one I lived. Previous eras were before I was born, so I don't know them very much except for what I have read (incredible players as well like Tilden, Budge, Kramer.....).
I do agree completely, and Borg was superlative at that.
I agree with Borg nº 1, see how many slams had Fed to play, without wanting to diminiss him, and see how many Laver.And see the competition, of course...
The tennis history is so rich in champions that marked an era and left a deep hound...they all relate to their eras, so the goat argument, 1 st, 2nd, 3rd tier and so forth will never end and it is a merry all round...there is simply no answer.
What certainly I perfer is to rate tennis eras, rather than champions that are in the history of this game.1930´s was a great era, so was 1950´s, and 1970 to 1985 which many consider the best era ever.But in the 1990´s and 2000´s we also had a good cast of players so, again, make your choice and live with it.
If you just talk about open era, that´s right.But it is so subjective...as much as I admire Connors, and enjoyed him a lot, he is certainly no greater than Laver,Tilden,Gonzales or Budge, among others.
personally i think its easier to get away with not winning a FO or AO and possibly be considered the greatest of all time as oppossed to not winning a USO or W, but this is only my opinion
And we have a winner(the bolded part). Well said!
fed_rulz, No, I've got Laver, Borg, Sampras, and Federer in the first tier, but I am starting to think that Gonzalez should be there too. He did pretty well against a younger Laver and his body of work is just amazing. If you look at longevity especially, you have to tip your hat to players such as Gonzalez, Rosewall, and Jimmy Connors.
Federer just recently equaled Borg in terms of "official" ATP titles won at what 63 or something. Borg's ability to win five Wimbledons and 6 French Opens, and win those titles back to back three years (he didn't play it in 1977) puts him squarely in the first tier (with just that accomplishment). Several years ago that feat was rated as tops on a list of accomplishments, even ahead of Laver's two CYGS's (perhaps by Tennis magazine).
Kiki and PC1, thank you, of course both of you know about Laver and Borg just as well as I do. Thanks for the great feedback.
Pjonesy, thanks very much. I really appreciate your kind words. Great post there.
To Steve132, very good post overall, but yes, Federer's record is certainly "on the table". It has to be, everything on the court is "on the table". There's so much to consider in these debates as we are really trying to differentiate between truly GREAT players that come along say once every 10-20 years or so. It cannot be easy. Of course how a player does against a primary rival has to also be considered.
See this:
(Why did Agassi and Federer copy Borg at Wimbledon with "the fall" on Centre Court??)
Put it this way, any of these guys should be honored to be in such select company. To think that just any one player has a claim on being the "greatest" at the expense of all others, with no doubt about it, is really quite amazing. That goes for any one player.
If somebody won 8 consecutive Year Grand Slams then they may possibly have a bulletproof case, lol.
Bold text - And also against Rosewall, very favourable.
Absolutely, good point Nathaniel_Near. Pancho Gonzalez gets overlooked too often, especially given that he was at his best in the 1950's.
I alsways thought that Borg was a bit menthally tougher than Laver,Sampras and Federer.Laver was ultrabold, self confidence in 2 legs, same could be said of Sampras.But Borg, if you think closely at it, had a major menthal weakness ( not tecnichal), which is called the US Open.
So,all counts down, even if he had more stamina than Laver and Federer and quite more than Pete, I wouldn´t say he was menthally stronger than Laver, for instance.I would love to know what really happened inside Bjorn´s mind when he was playing the USO final.if you watch his 1976 Connors match or 1980 Mac match, Connors and Mac had menthally the ascent that day over Borg.Something didn´t work too well for him at the US Open.I really never understood the reason.
That overconfidence he exulted at Paris and London, was never there at New York ( I don´t mean, of course, the MSG Masters).I´d really like to have your feed back on that, since you are a deep connaiseur of Borg, BNº1
Gonzales vs Borg, both at their peaks would be a really fantastic match.And I´d like to pitt 2 of the greatest S&V ever, Gonzales and Sampras on an indoor fast court match.as good as Sampras was, I´d suspect Gonzales was more complete and a superior strategist, too
Kiki, send me an email if you would. My email has my phone one there, so you're welcome to call me as well. There are lots of factors, we can go through it year by year for him. I have some definite thoughts on that topic that you may appreciate. That's a interesting topic indeed.
As to the US Open, look at 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, and 1981 a bit closer. In 1976, Connors just played great against a younger Borg, but of course, that's rubico, not slow red clay (and you saw how Borg fared against Connors after 1978). 1977-injury/retired versus Stockton. 1978-hand blister, pain injections just prior to the final, could barely hold the frame. 1979-lost a tough battle to hard serving Tanner under the old US Open lights (after that big battle at Wimbledon). 1980-A epic battle, he was up a break in the fifth, but McEnroe prevailed, a iffy call in that fifth on McEnroe's serve may have turned the tide, but McEnroe pulled off a great win for him. 1981-recall what happened after Borg beat Connors in straight sets after that SF. There was extra security placed around the court during the final, but Bergelin was letting Borg know that it was not that great. Anyway, a bit of bad luck, but I agree that Borg could have and should have won at least one of those titles, given that he made the final 4 years (1 on rubico and 3 times on hard courts). Yet, to think it was due to either his lack of skill or some sort of complex about it, is much too simplistic. The answer is more nuanced and layered. Recall the heavy playing schedule those days, with Borg playing "official" and "unoffical" tourneys all around the world, helping to promote the Sport. Well, that took a toll, especially by the last major of the year. I think that partly explains 1977 and 1978 (when Borg was facing injury that led to the '77 retirement and then his bad injury going into the '78 final).
Borg and Gonzalez would be fantastic, no doubt about it. A great serve and volleyer, versus Borg. I wonder how the fiery Gonzalez would react with the contrast Borg presented, for one thing. By the way, I just spoke to a former tennis pro that I take lessons from. He's a Swede and knows Borg. His answer to all this, is that Borg doesn't care about many of the mistaken assumptions people make about him. That's Borg for you. The quote I have from a Tom Callahan says a lot about him.
I´ll mail you.
Coming to topic, I still think that Connors and Mac were menthally tougher than him in the USO finals of 1976 and 1980.For 1978, maybe his finger problem lessened Borg´s chances and, in 1981, I think he was feeling he couldn´t beat Mac again in a big match, so he really never gave his best, he played very well the first set, like at 1981 Wimbly, and lost the next three.Mac had the edge on Borg, definitely.
In any case, he had the tools to win on clay and hard courts.2 weeks before the start of the 1979 US Open, he beat Lendl and Mc Enroe in the semis and finals of the Canadian Open, played on the very same decoturf surface of Flushing Meadows.I really find very hard to understand why that overconfidence flew away when he played the US Open, and I can´t find a reason.Look, in 1976 he had serious stomac problems and yet trounced Nastase at Wimbledon, so the 1978 defeat at Connors hands at Flushing cannot be related to a bit of a finger problem.
Thanks. Borg was facing burnout in 1981, as he has discussed, which takes us back to what he wanted to do in 1982.
As to that 1981 W final, he said:
"That was one of those matches that I felt I should have won. I felt that I was the better player.".. (pretty funny given his record at W).
I do think the need for security during the 1981 final gave him some pause. That was troubling for him.
(thanks Borgforever)
After 1981, when McEnroe took over #1, Borg wanted to basically recharge and push forward, due to the mental burnout (keep in mind his body of work from 1973-1981, with his official and unofficial schedule and that he wanted to focus on majors especially). Connors reclaimed #1 in 1982, surely happy about Borg's departure. McEnroe was trying to convince Borg to stay, despite the Tour disputes.
As to the '78 final vs. Connors, Borg took pain injections that made his whole hand numb in essence, that's what I have read and heard (difficult to have feel and hold the racquet properly). Yet, Borg did not default and made no real mention of it after the match. He said that Jimmy played great, that's about it. It made it difficult for him to play the way he wanted to though. I know that the racket flew out of his hands on a serve early on. That did happen at times when his hands would get sweaty (leather grip, sawdust used). See this example that's pretty funny from 1980, but on that day something was seriously wrong with it.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CK45lDHc8yw (Borg is not a bad athlete is he?)
I remember on one serve early on. Then either Pat S. or Tony T. commented that perhaps that hand was bothering him much more than he was letting on. Each injury of course is a bit different for a player and pro players are always somewhat injured, but some are just more significant than others.
remember that great MSG night, in jan 1981, when Borg was penalised by the umpire and almost defaulted while JMac, at the other side of the net, was playing the nice guy? I loved that momentum.Borg was right but surprised everyone with this unknowm atittude of his, while I am almost completely sure that JMac wouldn´t have given away a point for Lendl or Connors, but he did it for Borg.
Yes sir, sure do. That was classic. Borg was not happy. This is Borg's version of "bad sportsmanship" and see McEnroe displaying some great sportsmanship. I think the call at the baseline was really bad. Watch McEnroe just after the call looking at the linesman. Keep in mind this is all happening at NY's MSG, in McEnroe's backyard.
This incident made headlines back then as folks had not seen Borg ever react this way. Borg did have a bad temper when he was much younger, like Federer I suppose. I really think that by watching Laver, Borg decided to make a change. Borg tells the story of how his parents forced him to not play for about 6 months due to his behavior (when he was about 12). He half-jokingly says that "I never opened my mouth again".
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tVwPAOpFweY (Borg and McEnroe going at it before about 19K folks, at the 4th biggest tourney of the year, the 1980 YEC, played in Jan. 1981). Thanks to Krosero for the excellent video, as usual.
Look at my quote on Couvercelle´s book in "Borg vs Vilas " thread, Born nº1.
As for that MSG match, I always think, and Mac has said so million times, that John really admired Bjorn, looked up at him as a sort of big brother.As much competitive JMac was, he certainly was a pretty honest pale.
It is not the forum but I remember perfectly an episode of JMac´s outburts and why he used his outburst to enlighten him and filling up his adrenaline...
Early 80´s: Mc Enroe and Noah play an indoor exhibition match.John wins the first set easily 6-2, and, leads in the second set before, in typical Mc´s way, getting distracted, unmotivated and feeling miserable.He spends one full set chasing up 2-3 young ladies sitting in the front row...loses 6-7 the second set and Noah takes a 2-0 lead in the final set.
Time for outburst ( after all, that´s is why many people came and paid to see Mac do that, isn´t it? ).The outburts and subsequent scandal lasts more than 5 clock minutes, possibly 10 minutes ( it is an exo and no umpire would disqualify one of the biggest stars, isn´t it? ).
The result of this Mac´s provoked, bizarre show? He wins 6 consecutive games, playing with Noah as a 5 years old kid plays with his toys, showing his unique talent and playmaking abilities...and people who had booed him and insulted him, gives him a 5 minutes standing ovation.I was sitting right there and I was laughing off my ass for almost one hour...I was probably the only guy out of 10000 people watching this match that exactly knew when and why that would happen...and what would be the final result.
Sorry for that long post but, it is one more of the thousands of examples of the Golden Era ( Can anybody even imagining that happening today???)
The big reason for how McEnroe views Borg is this. Borg was the first player on Tour to accept McEnroe and let him into this "small circle".
Good quote.Borg,Nasty,Mac,Panatta,Vitas,Vilas (before he and Borg turned their friendship into almost hate)....terrific ALL DISCO´S STARS, no doubt.
Borg was also good friends with Ashe and Manuel orantes and not friends but had tremendous amount of respect for Rod Laver ( and who didn´t love the rocket???) and John Newcombe, a born natural winner and one of the nicest and classiest fellas ever to pick up a tennis racket.
and " I have......women most can´t imagine existing"
Nice video Joel. Three Kings at Wimbledon. My FAVORITE tournament. I have a LOT of admiration for Federer. Great player, no doubt.
I think roughly a 100 of those 8000 views have been from me over the last few years.
Lol, good for you. There's NO tournament like Wimbledon, just my opinion, but that is the tournament all the players find to be the biggest.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31IYa7VsZYg (the Borg and Federer FH's)
Who is that guy raising up that big trophy?
It's Laver, who raises 11 times, Sampras 14, Federer 16(as of now)
True, but you have 1962-1969 with Laver, just for starters, and you have the AO differences as to Borg, McEnroe and Connors. Plus, you have everything besides just the majors with Sampras and Federer, the rival question, impact on the Game. You also have winning percentage at the majors (Borg is ahead of Nadal and Federer when they were at 25-26). Federer has played in 50 Majors and he has won 16 so far (16/50). He could win more I think. Borg played in 27 majors and won 11 of them (11/27). He also made finals of five more majors (finals or won 16/27).
Yep, but there is a huge factor that you don't take into account and that (in my mind) disqualifies Borg from tier 1: a GOAT contender should be a player who toughs it up when things are not going his way and try and keep winning even when he doesn't have the advantage anymore. Which is what Federer is doing and what Borg didn't do. This is the second huge blot on his resume as far as I'm concerned (that and the fact that he never won the US Open): when the going got tough and McEnroe beat him three times in a row in 1981, he just quit. Maybe it was really a burnout as he always said, or maybe he couldn't face the fact that he would now be second-best to JMac after dominating the tennis world for so long. Quitting when things get tougher isn't worthy of a GOAT contender in my book...
That's fine, if that's the way you want to look at it. The Tour insistence on him qualifying for majors was the big reason for him leaving. For Federer, it could be his record against a prime rival, including at the majors. For Sampras, it could be his clay prowess. For Laver, you can argue that the majors he played on were not surface diverse. For Federer and Borg, you can look at diversity of court speed. There are reasons to try and discount any of these players. Both Borg and McEnroe have both stated that your take on things is flat out wrong. Yet, if you want to believe that, go for it. As I've stated, any all time great has some major strengths and also weaknesses in terms of a claim on greatness. In 1980-1981, look at the 4 big tourneys: the Masters, the FO, Wimbledon and the US Open. Here is how Borg and McEnroe did at them during Borg's last 2 years:
Borg: Masters (Won twice, played Jan. 80 and Jan. 81), FO (won twice), W (won 1, lost in 1 final), US Open (lost in two finals). 8 tourneys, 5 titles, lost 3 finals.
McEnroe: Masters (lost 1 final, lost 1 SF), FO (no finals, lost 1 SF), Wimbledon (won 1 title, lost 1 final). US Open (won 2 titles). 8 tourneys, 3 titles, lost 2 finals.
Had Federer left the game early many fans would say the same for his quitting. When he lost the 2008 FO final that was his 4th straight loss to Nadal at the FO, and then unable to defend his Wimbledon, it was a huge blow. He could have call it a career and that would leave him with 12 slams. No fan is going to reward Fed for winning more slam since he retire early. They will say his day of winning slam was over and Nadal has taken over the tour(like Lendl did in the mid 80s). But Fed prove otherwise and deserve to be ahead of Borg.
False premise. If you assume that Borg just "quit" because he lost in the '81 W and US Open finals, then that comparison could be made. Federer was not facing the circumstances that Borg faced with the Tour in 1982. They were insisting on Borg qualifying at the FO and W. Would Federer have said, yeah sure, no problem? Borg also faced so much attention from fans and media worldwide, without the insulation available today. Look at his yearly travel schedule for example, factoring in official and unofficial tourneys (he and Connors, McEnroe, Lendl, Gerulaitis, etc. played big money exos worldwide). He helped transform the Game and took it out of the country clubs and made it popular worldwide, all the way from Asia, to Europe, the US, and South America. He got the first million dollar endorsements for example. He was the first to travel everywhere with a private coach (with the protective great coach Lennart Bergelin, who put him through grueling workouts constantly and helped take him to the top). Federer hadn't played as many matches as Borg had (look at the official match totals for Borg and Federer, keeping in mind that Borg was 26 in 1982, and then tack on Borg's unofficial match schedule on top of that). Listen to Federer talk about how the guys in the past had heavy playing schedules. He would agree with me on that topic. I think it's great that Federer is still playing though and also competing for majors. It's good for tennis and his rivalry with Nadal and Djokovic will be great to continue watching. I'm glad he's still playing. I also hope that Nadal continues with a great career and plays against Djokovic, Murray and perhaps Federer at more majors. I think that Nadal will ultimately make the first tier of greats as well.
Some really valid points here. It is amazing when we look at the impact different players have had on the game these days.
On another note; you read and hear people criticize Nadal's reverse forehand yet we see all the pros adding that to their arsenal especially Federer and on a much more regular basis.
Excellent post! Borg's ability to perform under pressure, when he was behind at the French or Wimbledon, was incredible. Especially considering his style of play. It was guaranteed that he would have to dig and grind his way back into matches with patience. His serve certainly was a formidable weapon that won points, but certainly not to the level of a Sampras or Becker.
As far as his emotional and/or mental weakness in certain situations, only Borg knows what was going on. Obviously, McEnroe brought a style that was effective against Borg on fast surfaces. It seemed like Borg felt the pressure of another rival on the rise that might surpass him in a way that Connors never could. He pressed against McEnroe and it showed. I don't know if he was just worn out and sick of being the hunted or if he saw changes in the game (and new players) that he thought would be more difficult to contend with in the future. Regardless of what might have been, Borg's career is certainly one of the contenders for the mythical GOAT.
As a side note, Borg was not my favorite player growing up. However, he is the #1 player that I would want to see play in person. Followed by Sampras, Federer, Rafter, Rios, Agassi and Nadal.
Very nice pjonesy! The top players in 1982-1984 were John McEnroe, Jimmy Connors, Ivan Lendl, and Mats Wilander. Connors took over #1 in 1982. Borg was doing better against Connors and Lendl in 1981, compared to McEnroe. Graphite frames started really cropping into the pro ranks by 1983-1984. McEnroe and Connors played with them and I'm sure Borg would have transitioned to say a Donnay graphite frame had he continued, with say VS gut and a fairway grip. Keep in mind that he would have hit harder from the baseline and his serve would have likely seen benefits with graphite frames. Here is Borg in 1982, at a tourney where he beat McEnroe and Lendl. He was still contemplating a return at that time.
In 1981, he was beating Lendl, who was using a graphite frame. He was using a Donnay Borg Pro (tiny by today's standards at ~70 sq in. ). Strung at 80 lbs, very heavy, leather grip. Imagine Borg here playing with modern frames and modern strings, equipment, shoes, etc.
Or, he could have played the AO a second time and torn his knees apart in the first round, and we wouldn't even know who he was.
LOL! I guess that sums it up!
Well, yes, that could have happened Drakulie. He could have been injured, or he could have won some AO titles, or he could have lost there from 1976-1981 in particular. Yet, it wasn't considered even top 10 in terms of importance back then. If he had played it (back then it was held during Dec/Christmas at times), Connors, and McEnroe would likely have followed. The courts were quite bad too. Different tournament back then. Instead, players focused on the Masters in say 1980-1981. Borg won both of those titles on a fast indoor court in NY, going 5-0 versus Lendl, Connors, and McEnroe. That was the 4th biggest tourney on the calendar, and that was a tourney that the players really wanted to go after (played in Jan.), unlike the AO back then. We can look at Borg's record at W though. He has a more impressive Wimbledon record than McEnroe, Connors, Wilander, or Lendl for example (some top players in his era, and post 1981).
Masters Cup video of Borg versus McEnroe, Connors, and Lendl. The Masters at that time was played indoors, at NY's MSG, with the top 8 players. The Masters was the YEC and it was played in Jan., while the Dec. AO was missed by top players for many valid reasons, including money, fans, TV coverage, competition, court conditions, etc.
(thanks Borgforever)
As an indicator of Borg's durability, see his match totals and titles here.
http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Bo/B/Bjorn-Borg.aspx?t=tf (64 official titles)
(This includes exhibitions and unofficial tourneys that were pivotal in spreading the sport's appeal around the world, with fellow pros like Connors, Lendl and McEnroe. Borg played these unoffical matches (often for big money and in front of big crowds) during the year on top of his schedule of "official" tourneys. He played at them and was competing against top flight rivals, like Vilas (clay esp.), Connors (hard/indoors/grass/rubico), McEnroe (hard/grass/indoors), and Lendl (indoors/hard/clay).
If you look at Borg's unofficial schedule as well as his official schedule, you get an idea of how much he played in 1973-1981. Just the official totals only tell part of the story. Tennis pros today are not playing that many unofficial matches on top of official matches, although some are played. That is a difference. Borg was a durable player in terms of fitness and avoiding injuries. He trained extremely hard too. He could play through minor injuries and he did so often. He played the 1980 Wimbledon tournament with a torn stomach muscle.
While Bjorn Borg was bringing a lot of attention to Tennis across the world, he was also a rock star that had to deal with unparalleled fan and media scrutiny. He was traveling constantly around the globe, without as much insulation in many respects as players receive today. Federer and Nadal get a lot of fan attention, but it's not like what Borg experienced.
Also, take a look at TV viewership data at the time of 1980 W final. You'll see that tennis reached heights that it has never returned to again, especially in countries like the US (extremely influential in tennis worldwide), Great Britain, Australia, etc. (the traditional tennis powers).
Good post, I agree on everything...but we will agree to disagree on your favourite´s and mine´s list of players to watch....
Excellent post.But, to me, Masters and WCT Dallas Finals were on the same level, and certainly, not below the AO of those years ( saved by the winning names of Tanner,Vilas and Gerulaitis that, somehow, jeopardized the lack of most of top players in the Melbourne courts)...
Lovely statues, really like it very match but, don´t you think Laver should be repeated since he won the GS twice? but, then , of course, he´d be alone, right?
True...go on, Borg Nº 1 ¡¡¡¡
I like that comment on 1980-81 Borg´s Masters record against top players.
1979-1980: Borg beat world´s nº 2 (Connors) nº 3 (Mc Enroe, who de facto was nº2 while Connors´d be nº 3) Gerulaitis ( nº4) and Roscoe Tanner ( nº 5)...in 4 days in a row
1980-81: Borg beat Mc Enroe ( nº2) Clerc (nº5 of that year) Connors (Nº3) and Lendl (Nº4), in 4 conseutive days.He lost to Mayer in an untrascendental match, which was seen as tanking ( something, Borg did a few times in the Masters and that is probably the only black hole in his career) don´t you agree?
In contrast, his WCT record is worse:
1974: Lost to Newcombe in the Finals
1975: Lost to Ashe in the Finals
1976: Beat Vilas in the Finals
1979: Lost to Mc Enroe in the finals
All 4 matches went to 4 sets.Borg didn´t take part in the 1977,1978,1980 and 1981 WCT Finals.
...besides winning the Masters twice, he also got beaten in 2 other finals: Nastase in 1975 ( in Borg´s home soil) and Connors in 1977 ( at Jimmy´s home soil).He reached the 1974 sf where he got beaten by Vilas, in what is one of the few important victories Guillermo achieved against Bjorn.
Borg didn´t attend the 1976 and 1978 Masters.Orantes won the 1976 ( against Fibak in 5 exciting sets) and Mc Enroe beat Ashe in a memorable final in 1978.That being the first great win for JMac
Borg nº 1, I think Borg played as well indoors as he playe clay or grass.Possibly a bit lower on hard, altough he was able to win ( other than USO) the most prestigious hard court events like Toronto (over Lendl and Mc Enroe) and Las vegas.In 1979 he won LV over Mayer and Connors, and in 1980 he killed Solomon and Vitas Gerulatis in the same event.
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Research Topics
Susana Ortiz Urda
Affiliation: Stanford University
Country: USA
Detail Information
- The plant lectin wheat germ agglutinin inhibits the binding of pemphigus foliaceus autoantibodies to desmoglein 1 in a majority of patients and prevents pathomechanisms of pemphigus foliaceus in vitro and in vivoSusana Ortiz-Urda
Department of Dermatology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
J Immunol 171:6244-50. 2003..These findings suggest that WGA may interfere with autoantibody binding to dg1, preventing experimental PF without affecting the adhesive function of dg1. Our observations may provide a new approach to the therapy of PF...
- Stable nonviral genetic correction of inherited human skin diseaseSusana Ortiz-Urda
VA Palo Alto Healthcare System and the Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
Nat Med 8:1166-70. 2002..These findings establish a practical approach to nonviral genetic correction of severe human genetic disorders requiring stable genomic integration of large DNA sequences...
- Injection of genetically engineered fibroblasts corrects regenerated human epidermolysis bullosa skin tissueSusana Ortiz-Urda
Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
J Clin Invest 111:251-5. 2003..This article was published online in advance of the print edition. The date of publication is available from the JCI website, http://www.jci.org...
- PhiC31 integrase-mediated nonviral genetic correction of junctional epidermolysis bullosaSusana Ortiz-Urda
VA Palo Alto Healthcare System and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
Hum Gene Ther 14:923-8. 2003..Furthermore, corrected JEB tissue restored hemidesmosome formation and abolished histologic evidence of subepidermal blistering. These findings provide an approach to durable nonviral correction of JEB...
- Type VII collagen is required for Ras-driven human epidermal tumorigenesisSusana Ortiz-Urda
VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
Science 307:1773-6. 2005..Tumor-stroma interactions mediated by collagen VII thus promote neoplasia, and retention of NC1 sequences in a subset of RDEB patients may contribute to their increased susceptibility to squamous cell carcinoma...


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The Ultimate Driving Machine Dealership Returns to Tri-Cities – BMW is Back in Richland!
After nearly a two-decade absence, BMW fans can now enjoy a local dealership again.
The Official Grand Opening Gala for the "new" BMW dealership in Tri-Cities was held Thursday afternoon, and it was quite the event!
BMW of Tri-Cities has been open for a little while, but the official grand opening showcased what is a first for the U.S. Tim Bush, long-time Tri-City auto sales veteran, now has the first of what will be the brand new showroom style for all BMW dealerships in the United States.
Often referred to as the "jewelry box", the new look will be implemented across the country. After leaving Tri-Cities in the early 1980's for Yakima, Tim brought the BMW dealership back to the Mid-Columbia to it's new location just of the By-Pass Highway in Richland. From his start over 3 decades ago with Tim Bush Motors off Jadwin in Richland, through several successful car franchises and dealerships, now Tim's excited to have BMW back here in the Mid-Columbia.
Blake Bush, one of his business partners, told us Tri-Cities is the FIRST U.S. dealership to implement the new look-showrooms that BMW is building or refurbishing. The service department can also service any make and model, and BMW plans to offer nearly 90 different vehicle models over the next few years. This will include the new I-Brand electric vehicles coming soon!
The grand opening even featured a very rare appearance by the brand new 2014 335-I model, which is not even available yet! Blake told us it will be commercially available later this year, and BMW of Tri-Cities will be one of the first to get it!
The dealership also carries a full line of BMW gear, from clothing, to childrens riding toys, even bicycles and tents to go with your SAV! If you see a BMW offering on TV, it will be, or will be coming soon, to BMW of Tri-Cities.
And, coming in August, Blake said BMW of Tri-Cities will be holding the "Ultimate Driving Event," where comparable competing vehicles will be brought in, and drivers will get a chance to drive them and compare to all the BMW models. It's just like the compare-and-drive commercials you've probably seen on TV. You'll get to take the wheel, and see why BMW truly is the Ultimate Driving Machine.
The dealership is open Monday through Saturday from 9-7, service Monday-Friday 8-6 and Saturdays 8-5. For more details call 943-9839, or better yet, see them on Aaron Drive just off the By-Pass Highway in Richland.
And keep watching our website and listening for details coming about the Ultimate Driving Event coming in August.
BMW also calls their sport vehicles SAV's instead of SUV, because Blake says, they prefer "Sport Activity Vehicle". "BMW likes people to be active, and so do we!" From the best-selling X-3 and X-5 models, to the latest SAV's everything BMW makes can be found at BMW of Tri-Cities.
With the help of 5-year old Harley, our "model", take a look at photos of the new dealership, and the Grand Opening gala.


text:
Disclaimer Information: Please confirm with seller accuracy of information. Mileage recorded at time of listing. Taxes and license are not included in listing price.
WE DO OFFER YOUR MECHANIC'S APPROVAL BEFORE PURCHASE - ONTARIO REGISTERED DEALER / BUY WITH CONFIDENCE. 1 OWNER DIRECTLY FROM BMW CANADA / 1 OF A KIND FULL HISTORY AVAILABLE AT THE DEALERSHIP / NO CLAIMS PRE-SALE INSPECTED - MECHANICALLY PERFECT UPGRADED ALLOYS / NAVIGATION / PARK ASSIST / BLUETOOTH / BRAND NEW ROTORS ALL AROUND!!Amazing Alpine White on black leather int, 4 door, auto/tiptronic, fully loaded, Ice cold A/C, upgraded alloys with 4 newer tires, power sunroof, power/heated/memory seat, NAVIGATION, PARK ASSIST, super clean in and out, looks and runs perfect, A MUST BE SEEN. TEST DRIVE IT. ALL ORIGINAL KM - 101,000KM WE FINANCE EVERYONE. Call Brad for more info!(647) 855-7868Please make an appointment before visiting us! tax is extra ***We must state this.... As Per Regulations: Certification and e-testing are available for $699. This vehicle is not certified not e-tested not drivable. If the Safety and E-test is Purchased the vehicle is then drivable. This Safety and E-test fee is NOT mandatory to be paid, you can also take the vehicle to your own mechanic.*** WE ARE LOCATED AT 1900 Lawrence Ave E Scarborough, ON M1R 2Y5(647) 855-7868
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text:
Clive Christian # 1 Pure Perfume
Thread: Fragrance recommandations for me
I recently got very in to fragrances and perfumes.
I was wondering what kind of fragrance would you recommend for a man that is
calm, funny and mysterious ?
Thanks in advance, I'll take into consideration all of your advice.
Clive Christian # 1 Pure Perfume
youre kinda like me...lol
there are plenty out there but i suggest you try some of these (apart from all the Creeds, Amouages etc)
-Thierry Mugler Pure Malt (amazing if you ask me)
-Joop Thrill Man
-Escada Magnetism
-Givenchy Pi Neo
-Rochas Man
Welcome to BN!
There's no way to tell what you'll like based on personality, so you should you probably go to a store and start sampling. Make sure to sample on skin and let the fragrance settle for a while before deciding. Once you've figured out some notes and styles you like it will be easier to get advice.
Last edited by Diamondflame; 7th October 2009 at 07:16 PM.
It's pretty cheap compared to some of the other recommendations you'll get, but Dunhill Desire. Sure. . its smells a little synthetic. But its calm and smooth gourmand, that also sparkles with a little naughtiness and fruit. Think vanilla, cinnamon, green apples and lime with a powdery and milky atmosphere.
For a beginner i think its a solid choice economically and nasally. Let us know what you choose!
Bvlgari black
Burberry London
+1 on the amen pure malt, this is calming and mysterious (since it's relatively rare)
Want to buy/trade: looking for some escentric molecules kinski, I have a bunch of decants/samples including escentric 02 and escentric 01
Hi Trapper!
I do find it a little difficult to suggest fragrances based solely on personality traits. Have you tried anything that has particularly interest you? A little more hints scent-wise would greatly help.
Two steps forward. One step back.
"It's not what you look like when you're doing what you're doing; it's what you're doing when you're doing what you look like you're doing."
thank you all for your answers!


text:
ANN ARBOR, Mich. - A 12-year-old boy from Linden survived what could have been a fatal motorbike crash thanks to a daring medical procedure performed by doctors at C.S. Mott Children's Hospital at the University of Michigan.
The hospital said this is the first time someone has survived the high-risk surgery.
Max Bontekoe was riding his motorbike when he was involved in a head-on crash that would change his life.
Max was with his brother and his friend racing motorbikes around the fields behind the Bontekoe's home in Linden last summer when the crash happened.
"The group got separated, and they came around a blind corner of a cornfield and hit head on," said Jacob Bontekoe, Max's father.
Max's father quickly arrived to the crash scene and was surprised to see him standing and walking.
"You wouldn't know that it was as bad as it was," said Jacob Bontekoe.
Max's father checked him for any serious physical injuries, it had appeared he had no broken bones, yet Max was still feeling pain.
Then they removed his shirt and made a shocking discovery.
"I remember in the house, my dad took off my shirt, and I found bloody tire marks going across my chest," said Max Bontekoe.
Jacob Bontekoe took his son to a nearby hospital. Once they arrived, doctors were moving quickly and got Max in for a cat scan.
"They found internal bleeding. At that point, the decision was made, that he needs to be airlifted to U of M," Jacob Bontekoe said.
Doctor Ronald Hirschl was the pediatrics surgeon who was on call at the University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children's Hospital that day.
"Once we were there, all I remember is Doctor Hirschl pushing the stretcher at a dead run with Dr. Thatch, having me sign consent forms and reassuring me with there's nobody else he would want his kids with other than Dr. Hirschl," said Jacob Bontekoe.
Once Dr. Hirschl had a look inside, Bontekoe's condition was worse than he thought.
Dr. Hirschl saw that Bontekoe's liver had had a severe injury in which two of the three veins had been torn off, and the third was partially torn and was bleeding.
"It was really a surgeon's nightmare, one of the most difficult things to take care of and handle. There are lots of ways that people have tried to do so, but none of them very successful," Hirschl said.
According to Dr. Hirschl, to try to slow the bleeding further, surgeons clamped off the aorta, which blocks blood flow to the lower half of Max's body. At that point, the clock was ticking faster, and without blood, organ damage would begin.
Max was losing massive amounts of blood at this point. During his operation, they used a total of about 50 units of blood on him and they worried they would run out.
Dr. Hirschl soon realized that Max wasn't going to live if this injury couldn't be repaired, and so far they were having no success, which gave rise to a radical idea that proved to be a turning point in the surgery.
"I had the idea that perhaps we could take the liver out and repair those veins and then put it back in," Dr. Hirschl said.
The problem was this had only been successfully attempted once before in the world, and their measure of success was that the patient only survived four more days, then died. This made Max's prospects even more risky.
Dr. Shawn Pelletier, director of the Liver Transplant Program at the University of Michigan, wasn't on call, but he was the surgeon they needed. Pelletier was familiar with removing livers, but unlike Max's case, those were carefully planned operations.
VIDEO: Interview with Shawn Pelletier
"I was walking into this almost completely blindly. Essentially, you were trying to repair this under a pool of blood and place stitches in something that you couldn't see so you were blindly trying to repair it," Pelletier said.
Then another turning point -- the hospital was running out of blood.
According to Pelletier, the blood bank called and said they had only 10 units of blood left for Max, and they were calling other hospitals trying to get more.
"I was worried that Max was going to bleed to death and we wouldn't have blood to save his life. I thought of Max's parents that point. The only thing left to do, was to remove his liver," said Pelletier.
According to Pelletier, this was a huge gamble. If they weren't able to preserve it, fix the injuries and replace it, Max would not survive.
Once the liver was out, surgeons could focus on repairing the damaged blood vessels and the liver separately.
"You take the largest organ out of the body, and you now have a lot of room and great exposure. It was really quite honestly straight forward and easy to get the bleeding to stop," said Pelletier.
Finally, things were starting to turn around for Max and the doctors. Pelletier said when Max's liver was reconnected, he was relatively stable to allow blood flow going to his new, auto transplanted liver.
Max made it out of the operating room, but he still had a long road ahead -- four months in the Intensive Care Unit and two more months in rehabilitation.
Max wants to get back on a motorbike, but understandably, his dad's still not sure.
"I'm just not ready to put him back on a motorcycle, " said Jacob Bontekoe.
"I feel a little more special, because I am the only one in the world who survived this injury, " said Max.
If you would like to see the videos Max's family made of his recovery, click here.
Copyright 2012 by ClickOnDetroit.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


text:
FC Dallas assistant coach Josema Bazan, 42, brings experience from youth soccer ranks
FRISCO - When Oscar Pareja was hired as FC Dallas' coach in January, he said the three assistant coaches remaining from the Schellas Hyndman era - Brent Erwin, Marco Ferruzzi and Drew Keeshan - would all be retained.
Even so, Pareja found a way to make Josema Bazan an assistant coach with the first team, promoting him in February from his role as a coach at the FCD Academy. Pareja had worked with Bazan before becoming Colorado's head coach in 2012.
Erwin, the former SMU women's coach who had been hired in 2013 by Hyndman, has shifted to an administrative role with the club, creating an opening on Pareja's staff. And Bazan, who played for Argentina in the 1991 Under-20 World Cup, knew it was an opportunity he could not pass up.
"He's a guy that I admire a lot," Bazan said of Pareja. "He's a guy that I am learning a lot from. He knows a lot about the league. I'm beside him supporting him in everything I can."
Bazan, 42, played in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Chile before coming to Dallas in 1996 and trying to catch on with the Burn. He never played in MLS and finished his career with the lower-level DFW Tornados before getting into coaching.
His coaching career began with Andromeda Soccer Club in 1996. Two years later, he started his own club, River Plate SC, which he ran until it merged with Andromeda in 2007.
In 2011, Bazan was hired by the FCD Academy, which is where he met Pareja. Bazan coached the Dallas under-16 and under-18 teams.
Having gotten used to being a head coach, Bazan acknowledged that becoming an assistant has been an adjustment.
"The difference is that being the [head] coach, you have to focus on the whole team," Bazan said. "Being an assistant coach, you focus on part of the game."
His primary focus is working with FCD's strikers, a responsibility Bazan embraces.
Pareja credits Bazan with bringing "energy, passion, commitment, loyalty, an example of hard work" and calls him "a tremendous asset."
Bazan is focused on being the best assistant he can be for FCD, but he would welcome the chance to be an MLS head coach.
"Right now, I have to learn how to be an assistant, and I'm learning," Bazan said. "I'm young as a coach and I still have a lot of things to learn. I'm very happy where I'm at now and I'm still learning a lot from Oscar and the staff."
Steve Hunt is a Frisco-based freelance writer.


text:
|23 Dec 2009
IPv6 not activated
hence Home group cannot be set up. We have 3 computers at home and all are on Win7 Ultimate. The HomeGroup worked 1 day and then after a reboot, it saus that it cannot connect to such a group because Teredo IPv6 is not activated. The network on all threee is MSHOME.
If I look in the network paramaters IPv4 is ther activate dand working , IPv7 is there also "not activated". But I do not know how to change it....
Otherwise mail, surf etc everything is OK. I use BitDefender 2010 suite, activated correctly, UNP working OK etc.. no problem there.
Anyone have an idea???
Thanks Henri
|My System Specs
|23 Dec 2009
Windows 10 Pro (x64)
Did you have BitDefender when it was working for that 1 day?
|My System Specs
|23 Dec 2009
Home groupe
I bought BitDefebder for all 3 computer the day after that
|My System Specs
|23 Dec 2009
Is it showing in ipconfig?
Check if there is an entry called
If so delete it.
|My System Specs
|23 Dec 2009
I deleted
the entry name "...... disabled" and pnlu remains the entry "..... activated" Now I will try to setup the home groupe adn revert back
Thanhs henri
|My System Specs
|24 Dec 2009
On computer A (Medion portable) ipv6 is activated and I can access the work group. On the netbook B, ipv6 does not appear and ont on IPconfig; upstairs on the Dell the IPv6 is there but not activated (ipconfig says that it is there but nothing near on the same line
|My System Specs
|25 Dec 2009
I just want that my 3 computers connect to the homegrou
but it says that if IPv6 is not working or not activated , hence it can join the group.
Up to now, only one computer (n° 1) can join the group it initiated itself;
The second one do not show any ipv6 and the 3rd one show the IPv6 but nothing that says it can join the group (aside (n° 2 and n° 3 says the same) : IPv6 must be activated to create or join a homegroup...
Henri all 3 computer belong to a network named "MSHOME"
|My System Specs
|25 Dec 2009
Win 8 Release candidate 8400
but it says that if IPv6 is not working or not activated , hence it can join the group.
Up to now, only one computer (n° 1) can join the group it initiated itself;
The second one do not show any ipv6 and the 3rd one show the IPv6 but nothing that says it can join the group (aside (n° 2 and n° 3 says the same) : IPv6 must be activated to create or join a homegroup...
Henri all 3 computer belong to a network named "MSHOME"
why not just setup a "workgroup" based network and not have to deal with either IPv6 or homegroup both of which are notoriously flaky?
Ken J+
|My System Specs
|25 Dec 2009
I found the solution in the MS knowledgebase and used it so sort out my own system. And posted it here a few weeks back. There are also other posts saying the same thing.
hkey-local machine\system\currentcontrolset\services\tcpip6\parameters\...
Then you have to set the DisabledComponents Dword to 0
And if there isn't a disabledcomponents dword you have to create one and then set it to zero
It seems that if there is no disabledcomponents dword value 0 Windows 7 assumes a positive value. Which sounds quite like a bug to me. But there you go.
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|06 Sep 2012
Windows 7 Home Premium 32-Bit - Build 7600 SP1
Now why do I feel its not full, because I have calculated each file and folder in my Drive D, it shows on about 140GB of data but when I right click on Drive D it says only 26+Gb remaining out of 229GB... so there is a gap of 60GB which is missing....
This is a problem I want to solve.... what it can be... I mean i have no idea whether it is a virus or something else... But i have Microsoft Security Essentials installed and it shows nothing of that sort i mean virus etc....
|My System Specs
|06 Sep 2012
Windows 7 Home Premium 64bit
I have never heard of this happening. Disk Management is pretty accurate. You have calculated and there is a 60 GB difference. You could have calculated wrong and there are some hidden files you are not adding. I don't think anything is wrong. If your laptop will hold an additional drive, you should start looking for one. I suppose you could also put some files on an external HD. Do yourself a favor and don't just delete your files because you don't have room. One day you will want all of those pictures and songs that you deleted. Good luck.
hmmm... Well I'll see if there is any miscalculation on my part!!! yeah External HD is one good option... Thanks anyways for your kind help and concern... I will remain in contact for any help required in future and hope for the same response ...
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