text:
II. VOR and perceptual responses during combined Tilt&Translation. To compare and contrast the neural mechanisms that contribute to vestibular perception and action, we measured vestibuloocular reflexes (VOR) and perceptions of tilt and translation. We took advantage of the well-known ambiguity that the otolith organs respond to both linear acceleration and tilt with respect to gravity and investigated the mechanisms by which this ambiguity is resolved. A new motion paradigm that combined roll tilt with inter-aural translation ("Tilt&Translation") was used; subjects were sinusoidally (0.8 Hz) roll tilted but with their ears above or below the rotation axis. This paradigm provided sinusoidal roll canal cues that were the same across trials while providing otolith cues that varied linearly with ear position relative to the earth-horizontal rotation axis. We found that perceived tilt and translation depended on canal cues, with substantial roll tilt and inter-aural translation perceptions reported even when the otolith organs measured no inter-aural force. These findings match internal model predictions that rotational cues from the canals influence the neural processing of otolith cues. We also found horizontal translational VORs that varied linearly with radius; a minimal response was measured when the otolith organs transduced little or no inter-aural force. Hence, the horizontal translational VOR was dependent on otolith cues but independent of canal cues. These findings match predictions that translational VORs are elicited by simple filtering of otolith signals. We conclude that internal models govern human perception of tilt and translation at 0.8 Hz and that high-pass filtering governs the human translational VOR at this same frequency.
In the study presented in the companion paper (Merfeld et al. 2005), we simultaneously recorded vestibuloocular reflexes (VORs), perceived tilt, and perceived translation in human subjects to determine what neural mechanisms humans use to resolve the ambiguous otolith transduction of gravito-inertial force (GIF). We found that internal models contributed to perceived tilt and perceived translation and also found that simple high-pass filtering of otolith signals contributed to the human translational VOR at frequencies >0.2 Hz. The finding that the human translational VOR included a substantial component elicited by simple high-pass filtering surprised us for several reasons. First, these findings seemed to contradict previously published findings from the monkey using similar motion paradigms (Angelaki et al. 1999). Moreover, at first glance, these findings even appeared to contradict some of our own earlier reports demonstrating contributions of sensory fusion via internal models to the VOR in both humans (Merfeld et al. 1999, 2001; Peterka et al. 2004; Wall et al. 1999; Zupan and Merfeld 2003; Zupan et al. 2000) and monkeys (Angelaki et al. 2001; Merfeld and Young 1995). Finally, we were surprised by the fact that the perceptual responses were governed by qualitatively (not just quantitatively) different mechanisms than the VOR.
Given these unexpected findings, we designed and utilized a novel motion paradigm that we will refer to as the Tilt& Translation paradigm because this paradigm combined simultaneous tilt and translation of the head. In brief, we roll tilted the subjects about an earth-horizontal axis using the same tilt device described in the earlier paper, but instead of always keeping the ears near the center of rotation, we varied the location of the ears with respect to the center of rotation (Fig. 1). With proper choice of parameters (ear location and frequency), the tangential acceleration, which was always aligned with the inter-aural axis, could null the inter-aural gravitational cue transduced by the otolith organs such that little or no inter-aural otolith cue was provided even though the head was both tilting and translating (Fig. 2). An important feature of this new motion paradigm is that the roll rotation measured by the canals was maintained the same across trials, while the inter-aural otolith signal varied linearly with the placement of the head with respect to the center of rotation. As in the companion study, we simultaneously recorded the VOR, perceived tilt, and perceived translation so that we could directly compare and contrast measures of "perception" (perceived roll tilt and perceived inter-aural translation) and "action" (VOR). To test a published model (Merfeld and Zupan 2002), we include modeling predictions simulated prior to performance of the experimental investigations.
Methodologies were nearly identical to those used for the companion study (Merfeld et al. 2005) except that a novel motion paradigm, which combined tilt and translation, was used. A full description of the new motion paradigm follows. As for the companion study, we used proximal vergence (Jaschinski-Kruza 1990; Schor et al. 1992; Wick and Bedell 1989) to maintain vergence. The effectiveness of this proximal vergence technique to help maintain vergence is demonstrated in Fig. 7 of the companion paper (Merfeld et al. 2005). Detailed descriptions of other methodologies were included in the companion paper (Merfeld et al. 2005).
Tilt&Translation motion paradigm
The subjects sat in the same device as for the Tilt paradigm described in the companion paper (Merfeld et al. 2005), and the same head and body restraints were used. This device passively tilted upright subjects in roll (toward left-ear-down or right-ear-down) by rotating about an earth-horizontal axis. Initially, the subject was upright, and the head was placed such that the subject's ear level was at the same level as the earth-horizontal rotation axis. The only difference between this Tilt&Translation paradigm and the earlier Tilt paradigm was that the subject's head was displaced from the center of rotation for most trials (Fig. 1). The subject's ear level (R) was varied between 20 cm above and 40–50 cm below the center of rotation at 10 cm intervals with the lowest testing position dependent on the subject's height. Changes in radial position always occurred between trials; the radius never varied during a trial.
For these Tilt&Translation trials, the frequency of the sinusoidal roll-tilt motion was 0.8 Hz, a frequency at which the canals accurately sense angular velocity, and the maximum tilt amplitude was 5, 10, or 20°. Acceleration discontinuities were eliminated by linearly increasing the sinusoidal velocity over three cycles. Twenty steady-state cycles of stimulation were provided. The steady-state sinusoidal roll stimulus was left/right symmetric about the upright position. Trial order was randomized for each subject.
For this paradigm, the steady-state, inter-aural, gravitational force measured by the otolith organs can be represented mathematically as gy(t) = −G sin [Θmax sin (2πft)] ≈ −G sin (Θmax) sin (2πft), where G is 9.8 m/s2, Θmax is the maximum tilt angle (5°, 10°, or 20°), and f is the stimulation frequency (0.8 Hz). In addition, a tangential acceleration, which varies with radius and is always aligned with the inter-aural axis, is present, ay(t) = −Rθ̈ = RΘmax(2πf)2 sin (2πft), where R is the radial distance between the rotation axis and ear level. Therefore the total, specific inter-aural (y axis) GIF is fy(t) = gy(t) − ay(t) ≈ −[G sin (Θmax) + RΘmax(2πf)2] sin (2πft). Specifically, sinusoidal roll tilts yield sinusoidal variations in both inter-aural gravitational force and tangential acceleration, which combine to yield the inter-aural GIF measured by the otolith organs. The inertial force due to tangential acceleration augments the inter-aural component of gravity when the ears are located above the center of rotation and decrements from the inter-aural component of gravity when the ears are located below the center of rotation (Fig. 2, A and B). With a stimulus frequency of 0.8 Hz, gravity and linear acceleration nearly cancel one another at a radial position 38 cm below the center of rotation [i.e., when R = −G sin (Θmax)/Θmax(2πf)2, Fig. 2, A and B]. As the radius continues to increase downward, the inter-aural GIF component begins to grow but the phase reverses (Fig. 2C).
For the fore-described Tilt&Translation paradigm, the inter-aural otolith cues varied proportional to radius, while identical dynamic roll rotation cues were maintained across trials.1 This complements the Translation and Tilt paradigms used in the companion paper, where the otolith cues were matched across conditions, but the dynamic roll rotation cues varied across conditions (roll rotation cues were present during Tilt but not present during Translation).
Subjects and instructions
Nine healthy subjects were prescreened as "normal" via several, standard, clinical, vestibular tests. All subjects signed an informed consent, consistent with institutional procedures prior to participation. The subjects (8 males and 1 female) were between 22 and 60 yr of age. Eight of the nine subjects were also subjects for the companion study (Merfeld et al. 2005).
The inter-aural GIF measured by the otolith organs during the Tilt&Translation paradigm is shown in Fig. 2 as a function of radius. The sinusoidal variations in the inter-aural GIF are minimal when the ears are located 38 cm below the rotation axis, because the tangential acceleration nulls the inter-aural gravitational cue at this radius.
Frequency segregation predictions—simple filter model
Predicted responses of simple filters during the Tilt&Translation paradigm at 0.8 Hz are shown as a function of radius (Fig. 3, A and B). Both the low-pass (flp = 0.07 Hz) and high-pass (fhp = 0.07 Hz) filters have outputs that scale linearly with the otolith cues (Fig. 3). Low-pass filters always pass a small component at high frequencies, and high-pass filters always pass a small component at low frequencies; the cut-off frequency of the filters affects the magnitude of the filter output but does not affect the characteristic V shape of the filter output; the minimal response of a simple filter will always occur when the filter input (inter-aural force, Fig. 2) is minimal.
Both high- and low-pass filters predict that the amplitude of the accompanying response (translation and tilt, respectively) will scale linearly with radius, with minimal amplitude when the ears are 38 cm below the rotation axis (i.e., when no inter-aural force is measured by the otolith organs). While not shown, phase of both high- and low-pass filter outputs demonstrates an abrupt 180° phase shift at a radius of –38 cm. This occurs because of the 180° phase shift in the GIF input to the filters at this radius (Fig. 2C).
Internal model predictions—sensory fusion model
Predicted responses of the model during combined Tilt&Translation at 0.8 Hz are shown as a function of radius in Fig. 3, C and D.2 The model predicts (Fig. 3C) that perceived roll tilt will be independent of radius (i.e., constant) and that the translation response amplitude (Fig. 3D) will be proportional to radius with a "minimum" when the ears are ∼10 cm below the rotation axis (i.e., V-shaped, with a minimum near −10 cm).
The predicted inter-aural estimate of gravity is maintained constant by the hypothesized neural pathways that use rotational cues from the canals to help predict the relative orientation of gravity during rotation. These are the modeled neurons and neural pathways shown with thick black lines in the appendix of the companion paper (Merfeld et al. 2005). As a direct effect, the model predicts that tilt perception will be estimated more or less accurately at frequencies where the canal receptors respond, even during the Tilt&Translation paradigm where the inter-aural otolith cues vary with head position. If the nervous system correctly estimates that an otolith cue is due to a change in orientation with respect to gravity, the nervous system can then determine that little or no linear acceleration is present by simply taking a difference between the otolith measure of GIF and the estimate of gravity. [These linear acceleration calculations are performed by the neural pathways represented by thick gray lines in the appendix of the companion paper (Merfeld et al. 2005).]
Eye movements
To allow direct comparisons across data sets, eye-movement data were analyzed for the same five subjects presented in the companion paper (Merfeld et al. 2005). During Tilt&Translation at 0.8 Hz, the horizontal VOR during 20° tilts was about twice as large as for 10° tilts, which was, in turn, about twice as large as for 5° tilts (Fig. 4A). A substantial horizontal VOR existed when the ears were at the same level as the rotation axis (0 cm). The horizontal response amplitude increased linearly with radius as the head moved upward relative to the center of rotation (radius: >0 cm). The horizontal response amplitude decreased as the head moved downward relative to the rotation axis. The horizontal eye response was smallest when the ears were ∼40–50 cm below the center of rotation (Fig. 4A).
For most trials, the phase of the horizontal response showed an average lag of ∼15° relative to the roll angular velocity where 0° would be perfectly compensatory. At around –40 to –50 cm, the phase showed an abrupt transition for two of three peak angular displacements (5 and 10°). A phase shift of ∼180° would be expected for a simple filter since the inter-aural otolith cue reverses at this point. The amount of the observed phase shift appears just short of this theoretical expectation, but the transition was not complete because physical device limitations prohibited us from testing at radii beyond –50 cm. Because the magnitude of the inter-aural otolith cue goes to zero and there is evidence of a phase reversal at around –40 cm, these results show that simple filtering (i.e., Fig. 3B) contributes to the human translational VOR at 0.8 Hz.
The amplitude (Fig. 4C) of the torsional VOR, which is primarily an angular VOR elicited in response to the roll stimulus velocity, was more or less constant for a given peak tilt amplitude. The slow phase velocity of the torsional VOR for the 20° peak amplitude (48.7°/s) was a little less than twice that for the 10° peak amplitude (30.0°/s), which was, in turn, about twice that for the 5° peak amplitude (15.2°/s). This was expected because the stimulus angular velocity was independent of radius and doubled with each doubling of the tilt amplitude (5–10°, 10–20°). The phase of the torsional VOR (not shown) was always about –5°, roughly compensatory for the rotational roll motion. Vertical responses (not shown) were small.
Tilt perception
In response to Tilt&Translation stimulation, the perception of head roll tilt (Fig. 5A) was roughly constant and veridical with the actual tilt. The mean tilt responses were 5.4, 9.8, and 18.8°, which were not substantially different from the actual peak tilt angles of 5, 10, and 20°, respectively. The slopes of the responses as a function of ear location were not significantly different from zero. Thus the perception of roll tilt was not dependent on changes in the inter-aural otolith cues (Fig. 2). Particularly interesting was the finding that the amount of head roll tilt was accurately reported even when no substantial inter-aural otolith cues were available (i.e., with the ears placed ∼40 cm below the axis of rotation). These findings are consistent with internal model predictions (Fig. 3C) but are not consistent with simple filtering predictions (Fig. 3A).
Translation perception
In response to the Tilt&Translation stimulation, the perception of head translation was consistent with the actual head translation (Fig. 5B). The reported translation perception was minimal when the ears were at the level of the rotation axis. When the head was placed downward or upward relative to the rotation axis, the amount of reported head translation increased. The magnitude of the translational response was proportional to the tilt angle (5, 10, or 20°) and linearly proportional to the magnitude of ear location (radius) relative to the rotation axis. This is consistent with the physics because both the tangential acceleration and the associated inter-aural translation are proportional to both the radius of rotation and the tilt angle. As for tilt perception, the reported perception of inter-aural translation was not proportional to the inter-aural otolith cue (Fig. 2B). Thus the data do not provide any suggestion that the perception of translation varies with the otolith stimulation as it would if there were a high-pass filtered response component (Fig. 3B) at 0.8 Hz. These perceptual reports of inter-aural translation are more consistent with internal model predictions (Fig. 3D) than simple filtering predictions (Fig. 3B).
Simple filtering contributes to human translational VOR
We found a horizontal VOR during Tilt&Translation (Fig. 4A) that mimics the amplitude of the total inter-aural GIF at the level of the ears (shown in Fig. 2). This horizontal VOR does not match true inter-aural linear acceleration of the ears, which varied linearly with radial displacement. These results are consistent with simple filtering of otolith signals (Fig. 3B) and inconsistent with sensory fusion (Fig. 3D).
Because earlier studies have shown that graviceptors other than the otolith organs contribute to data obtained using a body posture matching task (e.g., Mittelstaedt 1996), it is worth noting that our VOR data do not provide any evidence that these alternate graviceptors contribute to translational VOR responses via simple filtering. This is not surprising because the VOR helps compensate for head motion not motion of the trunk.
The finding that the human translational VOR is governed by simple filtering does not appear consistent with reports showing that monkey translational VORs are primarily governed by internal models (e.g., Angelaki et al. 1999; Green and Angelaki 2003; Merfeld and Young 1995). However, a number of differences between how humans and non-human primates process gravito-inertial cues have previously been noted. For example, humans and monkeys show large differences in their postrotational tilt responses. Monkey eye movements change so that the axis of eye rotation rapidly aligns with gravity (Angelaki and Hess 1994; Merfeld et al. 1993b), but human responses show little or no shift in the axis of eye rotation after postrotational tilt ("dumping") (Fetter et al. 1992; Zupan et al. 2000). Responses to centrifugation show similar differences. Both rhesus monkeys (Wearne et al. 1999) and squirrel monkeys (Merfeld and Young 1995) show rapid shifts in the axis of eye rotation such that the axis of eye rotation aligns with the resultant GIF, with little (squirrel monkey) or no (macaques) difference in the horizontal VOR in the facing-motion and back-to-motion orientations. Contrary to these monkey responses, humans have only small shifts in the axis of eye rotation but show large differences in the horizontal responses in the facing-motion and back-to-motion orientations (Merfeld et al. 2001; Wearne 1993). Related differences are also apparent in eye responses during off-vertical axis rotations (OVAR). Monkeys demonstrate a large "bias" component and a small sinusoidal response at the frequency of rotation (e.g., Goldberg and Fernandez 1982). Human responses show a small bias and a large sinusoidal component (e.g., Benson and Bodin 1966; Correia and Guedry 1966). Are these documented differences due to an inherent species difference, to a difference in the motion experience of the humans and non-humans, or to some other "lifestyle" difference between the human and non-human primates? Our data do not allow us to answer this question.
It is also possible that a subtle difference in the motion paradigms could explain the difference between our horizontal eye response findings and those reported previously (Angelaki et al. 1999). However, as shown in Fig. 6, the forces recorded by the otolith organs in the two conditions are quite similar.3 Although some small quantitative differences are shown in the figure, the inter-aural forces are nearly zero for both paradigms, demonstrating tiny force components both at the tilt frequency and twice the tilt frequency. The dorsoventral (z axis) forces for the two motion paradigms are qualitatively similar; both include a constant value along with a modulation at twice the tilt frequency.
It is worth noting that neither simple filtering nor the existing canal-otolith interaction models (Angelaki et al. 1999; Droulez and Darlot 1989; Glasauer 1992; Glasauer and Merfeld 1997; Green and Angelaki 2003; Merfeld 1995b; Merfeld and Zupan 2002; Zupan et al. 2002) predict that such subtle quantitative differences in the stimuli should yield qualitatively different VOR response patterns.
Simple filtering does not contribute to tilt perception
The magnitude of reported tilt perception was constant, independent of radius, and veridical for all three, peak, tilt angles. Because the inter-aural otolith cue varied with radius, the absence of any variation dependent on radius demonstrates that simple filters do not contribute to tilt perception (or, at best, contribute in some small manner not observable in our data). As one specific example, subjects reported roll tilt perceptions that were veridical to the motion even when their ears were placed 40 cm below the rotation axis, even though this radial location resulted in little or no inter-aural otolith cue. As another specific example, when a subject's ears were placed above the rotation axis and the inter-aural otolith cue increased, there was no apparent effect on tilt perception. Therefore these tilt data provide no indication or hint that simple filtering mechanisms contribute, even minimally, to human roll tilt perception. We do not think that the z-axis forces (Fig. 6) have a substantial influence on these roll tilt responses, but if they do have such an influence, this would remain inconsistent with the simple filtering model because use of the z-axis force cues by the brain clearly involves more than simple filtering.
As shown in Fig. 3C, the sensory fusion model predicted that tilt would be underestimated during Tilt&Translation at 0.8 Hz. As shown in the companion paper (Fig. 6A, Merfeld et al. 2005), a similar underestimation of predicted tilt was achieved at all frequencies above ∼0.05 Hz. It seems reasonable to consider that the nervous system might scale-up the tilt estimate to yield veridical tilt perception at physiologic frequencies >0.05 Hz. Such increased scaling would result in tilt being overestimated at low frequencies. This is exactly what was reported in the companion paper (Fig. 6A, Merfeld et al. 2005). Such an overestimation at low frequencies would not seem to pose a substantial behavioral problem because visual orientation cues are generally available at these lower frequencies. A similar fusion of low-frequency visual and mid- to high-frequency canal influences has previously been reported in the vestibular nuclei (Henn et al. 1974).
Simple filtering does not contribute to translation perception
The magnitude of the actual peak-to-peak translational nose displacement experienced during the Tilt&Translation paradigm is At a radius of 20 cm, the maximal upward displacement, this means that the actual peak-to-peak translation was 4, 7, and 14 cm, respectively, for 5, 10, and 20° tilts, which matches the mean reported translation (Fig. 5B) of 5.7, 8.9, and 13.0 cm. At a radius of –40 cm, the minimal radius tested for all subjects, the actual peak-to-peak translation was 7, 14, and 28 cm, respectively. Again this matches the mean reported translation (Fig. 5B) fairly well, though the reported translation (10.6, 20.0, and 33.7, respectively) somewhat exceeded the actual translation.
Minimal translation perception was reported when the ear-level was at (or very near) the center of rotation. Therefore subjects reported veridical (or nearly veridical) inter-aural translation during this combined Tilt&Translation paradigm. Again, this is not consistent with the frequency segregation hypothesis, which predicts that inter-aural translation perception should be elicited by high-pass filtering of inter-aural otolith cues. With the ear-level at the rotation axis (0 cm), there is a substantial inter-aural otolith cue due to tilt with respect to gravity. Yet, little or no translation perception was reported. At the same time, when ear level was 40 cm downward from the rotation axis, the inter-aural otolith cues were negligible. Yet substantial translation perception was reported. Consequently, these translation data provide no indication that simple filtering mechanisms contribute, even minimally, to human translation perception.
The findings demonstrate that simple filtering does not contribute substantially to human perception of tilt or translation. The measured eye responses show that simple filtering governs the human translational VOR at 0.8 Hz, and the perceptual data show that internal models govern perceptions of roll tilt and inter-aural translation at this same frequency. These findings lead to the conclusion that qualitatively different mechanisms contribute to human translational VOR and perceptual responses. Because the neural substrate for the VOR is fairly well understood, this difference between perception and action emphasizes the importance of developing a better understanding of the neural substrates underlying perception.
The authors acknowledge support from National Institute on Deafness and Other Communications Disorders Grants DC-004158 to D. M. Merfeld and S. Park and DC-00205 to C. Gianna-Poulin, S. Wood, and F. O. Black as well as National Aeronautic and Space Administration Grants NNJ04HB01G to D. M. Merfeld and NAW9-1254 to F. O. Black.
The authors thank T. Bennett and V. Stallings for technical contributions, M. Marsden and P. Cunningham for administrative assistance, and Drs. Lionel Zupan and Rick Lewis for commenting on early versions of the manuscript. Experiments were performed at the Legacy Neurotology Research Laboratory.
↵1 Secondary "practical" benefits of this new motion paradigm are that it is relatively inexpensive (because only a single dynamic motion actuator is needed) and simple (because synchronization of 2 or more actuators is not required).
↵2 For these 0.8 Hz data, we only show the model predictions obtained from the exact model, including model parameters, published earlier (Merfeld and Zupan 2002). We do not show simulated results using the revised parameters described in the companion paper because the simulations obtained from the revised model are barely distinguishable from the modeling predictions shown herein in Fig. 3, C and D.
↵3 Figure 6 shows the forces for a 20° Tilt&Translation at 0.8 Hz with the ears displaced 38 cm downward, which reduces the peak inter-aural force from 3.35 m/s2 (Fig. 6A), which is the peak inter-aural gravitational force with the head-centered, to 0.03 m/s2 (Fig. 6E). This is below the human threshold for detection of the direction of translational motion (e.g., Benson et al. 1986; Melvill Jones and Young 1978). The dorsoventral (z axis) force, due to both centrifugal force and gravity, had a mean of −10.09 m/s2 (Fig. 6F), and the peak deviations from the mean were 0.88 m/s2 (Fig. 6F). For the paradigm used by Angelaki et al., the forces using a tilt device mounted on a translation device at 0.8 Hz are shown. For a 20° tilt, nulling of the peak inter-aural force is achieved with a sinusoidal translation having a peak acceleration of 3.57 m/s2 (Fig. 6C), yielding inter-aural, peak, force deviations of ∼0.06 m/s2 (Fig. 6E), which is near the lower limit of human perception. The mean z-axis force, due to both the applied horizontal linear acceleration while tilted and gravity, was −8.89 m/s2 (Fig. 6F), and the peak deviations from the mean were 0.91 m/s2 (Fig. 6F).
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
- Copyright © 2005 by the American Physiological Society


text:
Save Our Souls
- Height: 13m
- Ascents: 13
- Description:
Starts as for Jacky, not very popular. Up the short arete to crack. Using side of crack climb climb up slightly right to corner in roof. Climb past old peg up to roof. Contort around roof and grovel up!
- Ethic: inherited from Mt Keira
"The Big K" is worthwhile for a day trip from Sydney and a very good local cliff for those that live around the Illawarra - R.Young
.. and if all else fails, remember ... The Law of Gravity is STRICTLY Enforced
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Route History:
First Ascent: Ant Prehn & Graeme Hill
Located in West Face approx:
Lat/Long: -34.402677,150.853999
Route Grade Citations
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|ACA Route Register
Route quality
Overall quality score: 50%
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Learn about creating circuits.
Activity Configure
Check out what is happening on Save Our Souls (note there is an unresolved system issue where ascents logged before 2010 are not displayed in the stream below). If you just want to see beta then click on view ascents with beta.

subset: commoncrawl


text: RUNNING 5 Tips To Master Barefoot Running 10 January 2011 It can be difficult to break into the habit of barefoot running, especially if you're used to pounding the ground in well-cushioned shoes. If you've just bought a pair of minimalist shoes or are doing away with footwear completely, these five tips will make your transition that little bit less painful. Ease Into It Getting used to a new running form usually takes four to six weeks. Running in minimalist shoes is very similar to running shoeless, so start each run by walking around barefoot for five minutes in the first two weeks of your transition. "In your first week, run no more than 0.5km to 1.5km every other day. Then increase your distance by no more than 10 per cent per week," says Harvard physiologist Daniel Lieberman. High Cadence Regardless of your running pace, run with a fast cadence of about 180 steps per minute (a cadence of 90) or higher, advises veteran barefoot marathoner Ken Bob Saxton. Be "present in the moment" to allow yourself to concentrate on your stride and cadence, but stay relaxed and don't over-analyse. The more you adhere to good form, the quicker it will become second nature. Foot-Under-Body Landing "When running, keep a vertical torso, bent knees, relaxed ankles and land with your feet under your body," says Lieberman. "If you land on your feet in front of your body, you are hitting the brakes and bashing your knees. The body should be moving in front of the feet when they strike the ground." Focus On Midfoot Strike Strike the ground at the midfoot, not the heel or the toes (the actual impact area will vary based on body type), and allow your heel to naturally settle on the ground. Landing on your midfoot will minimise the impact collision with the ground, unlike when you heel-strike while running in super-cushioned shoes. The key is to stay off your heel and use your leg as a piston-like shock absorber. However, this running form may feel a little awkward in the beginning, as most of us have been conditioned to heel-strike after years of running in super-cushioned trainers. Perfect Your Form To do this, try wearing a cap with the price tag still attached – and watching the tag while running, says Saxton. "Make mental notes of how much, or how little, it is bouncing up and down or side to side. The goal is to just move forward." barefootbenefitsFitnessHealthMen's HealthminimalistRunrunningtechniqueTipsUseful RELATED STORIES Singaporean Hospitals See 4 Amputations A Day Because Of Diabetes!How Your Blood Type Affects Your Risk For DiseasesWATCH: Sculpt Better Abs With These Core Exercises Singaporean Hospitals See 4 Amputations A Day Because Of Diabetes!How Your Blood Type Affects Your Risk For DiseasesWATCH: Sculpt Better Abs With These Core Exercises SOCIAL FEED NEWSLETTER Receive the latest news and promotions from Men's Health and our partners! By signing up, you indicate that you have read and agreed to the Terms of Service and Privacy Policy HIGHLIGHTS The more the merrier!Preview Men's Health magazine now!Fabulous offer for Men's Health digital editionMen's Health Fit Guy challenge EVENTS & PROMOS ARE YOU FIT ENOUGH?


text:
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text:
An emacs library and program connecting a colorful chessboard
with gnuchess during boring editing sessions.
WWW: http://emacs-chess.sourceforge.net/
Steffen Mazanek
No installation instructions: this port has been deleted.
The package name of this deleted port was: emacs-chess
PKGNAME: emacs-chess
distinfo: There is no distinfo for this port.
NOTE: FreshPorts displays only information on required and default dependencies. Optional dependencies are not covered.
===> The following configuration options are available for emacs-chess-2.0b5_2:
ENGINE_GNUCHESS=off (default) "Gnuchess engine"
ENGINE_CRAFTY=off (default) "Crafty chess engine"
ENGINE_PHALANX=off (default) "Phalanx chess engine"
===> Use 'make config' to modify these settings
Number of commits found: 18
2009-01-19 games/emacs-chess: has been broken for more than 6 months
2009-02-01 devel/subversion-devel: Use devel/subversion or
devel/subversion-freebsd instead of this port
2009-01-19 devel/hs-hat: has been broken for more than 6 months
2009-01-19 devel/hs-hpl: has been broken for more than 6 months
2009-01-19 databases/mysqlbigram: has been broken for more than 6 months
2009-01-19 mail/claws-mail-clamav: has been broken for more than 6 months
2009-01-19 mail/sylpheed2-devel: has been broken for more than 6 months
2009-01-19 www/pecl-mnogosearch: has been broken for more than 6 months
2009-01-31 x11-fonts/mathfonts: This port was supported by Mozilla 1.8
(including Firefox 2.0) - to be replaced by STIX fonts for Firefox 3.x
2009-01-19 x11-wm/fluxspace: has been broken for more than 6 months
2009-01-31 x11-wm/expocity: project has been abandoned
2009-01-19 x11/bbuname: has been broken for more than 6 months
2009-01-19 security/squidclam: has been broken for more than 6 months
2009-01-19 print/virtualpaper: depends on broken, expired port
2009-01-19 print/ifhp: has been broken for more than 6 months
- Set for expiration in one month: has been broken for more than 6 months
Bump portrevision due to upgrade of devel/gettext.
The affected ports are the ones with gettext as a run-dependency
according to ports/INDEX-7 (5007 of them) and the ones with USE_GETTEXT
in Makefile (29 of them).
PR: ports/124340
Submitted by: edwin@
Approved by: portmgr (pav)
- Mark BROKEN: conflicting dependencies
Reported by: pointyhat
Make EMACS_PORT_NAME overridable.
- Welcome X.org 7.2 \o/.
- Set X11BASE to ${LOCALBASE} for recent ${OSVERSION}.
- Bump PORTREVISION for ports intalling files in ${X11BASE}.
- Fix MASTER_SITES
bsdchat.com is no longer available. Thanks for all their support!
PR: ports/94459
Submitted by: Dryice Liu <email@example.com> (maintainer)
- Fix possibility of "infinite make fork" when "Registering install for ..."
EMACS ports. [1]
- Allow building a port as root using an NFS-mounted /usr/ports if the
server maps root to a UID other than root. [2]
- Make 'BROKEN' and 'IGNORED' ports exit their "make install" with a fail
status rather than success. [3]
- Improve behavior when dealing with versioned dependencies. [4]
- Fix false positives in check-conflicts target. [5]
- Remove obsolete bzip2 code. [6]
Approved by: krion@
[maintainer] change maintainer mail address
I'm the maintainer(firstname.lastname@example.com) of the following
ports. Please help to change the maintainer mail address to
firstname.lastname@example.com. This new mail address has a RDNS record
and will make the life easier. Thanks!
PR: ports/91624
Submitted by: Dryice Dong Liu <email@example.com>
Remove install-info from Makefile, it's automatically done when INFO is defined
[maintainer update] 16 ports: add mirror MASTER_SITES
Please add http://bsdchat.com/dist/dryice/ to the MASTER_SITES
of the following ports. Thanks Clive Lin and bsdchat.com for
the mirror space!
PR: ports/75743
Submitted by: Dryice Liu <email@example.com>
Fix missing BUILD_DEPENDS on tree-widget I didn't catch last time
PR: ports/74451
Submitted by: mainainter
- update to 2.0b5
- install info
- utilize OPTIONS to choose chess engine
- change WWW in pkg-descr
- assign maintainership to submitter
PR: ports/74029
Submitted by: Dryice Liu
Reset bouncing maintainer address.
SIZEify (maintainer timeout)
Bump PORTREVISION on all ports that depend on gettext to aid with upgrading.
(Part 2)
New port: emacs-chess, a chessboard for emacs (>=21)
This port installs emacs-chess, a library which connects
emacs with e.g. gnuchess by providing a nice board for the
PR: ports/49080
Submitted by: Steffen Mazanek <firstname.lastname@example.com>
Servers and bandwidth provided byNew York Internet, SuperNews, and RootBSD
No vulnerabilities have been reported in the past 14 days
* - modified, not new
All vulnerabilities


text:
EDGE BIO-SYNTHETIC Motor Oil
Introducing our new 25% plant-derived oil
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Advances in engine technology have led to increased power and efficiency, meaning engines work harder and under higher pressures than ever before. The only thing keeping metal engine components apart is the oil, so it needs to be strong and remain strong. Until now there hasn't been an oil that could both harness the natural lubricating properties of plants, and give the high level of performance required by todays car engines. Castrol EDGE BIO-SYNTHETIC is Eco-Engineered to combine Fluid TITANIUM Technology with the natural lubricating properties of plants. Made with 25% plant based oil, Castrol EDGE BIO-SYNTHETIC is both Titanium strong and renewable. Castrol EDGE Bio-Synthetic gives you the confidence to demand maximum engine performance from today's modern, sports, performance and luxury vehicles requiring a high level of protection.
Castrol EDGE BIO-SYNTHETIC with Fluid TITANIUM Technology:
- Reduces metal-to-metal contact across a range of different driving speeds
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- Decreases engine deposit formation to help maximize engine response
- Is manufactured with 25% sugarcane derived oil compounds meaning more use of renewable sources
CASTROL EDGE Bio-Synthetic IS AVAILABLE IN 0W-20, 5W-20 (coming later in 2017), and 5W-30
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text:
The Boys and Girls Clubs of the CSRA have received a five-year grant to continue after-school tutoring at three area low-income centers.
For the next three years, the Boys and Girls Club will receive $500,000 a year for the 21st Century Community Learning Centers program. The amount is lowered to $450,000 for the fourth year and $400,000 for the final year, said Andra Syms, Boys and Girls Club 21st CCLC program director.
Using the grant, the E.W. Hagler, Dogwood Terrace and W.T. Johnson clubs will provide small group and individual tutoring with certified teachers and enrichment staff.
Lessons align with Richmond County school curriculum and use interactive designs that incorporate arts and athletics.


text:
Interstate 35E is back open after a crash involving an 18-wheeler in Waxhachie.
Waxahachie police closed Interstate 35E southbound at West 287 Business early Tuesday morning when a truck overturned and spilled polyurethane on the roadway around 3:40 a.m.
Police say they believe the driver misjudged the exit and over-corrected.
No injuries were reported.
Published at 5:18 AM CDT on Mar 19, 2013 | Updated at 8:05 AM CDT on Mar 19, 2013


text: My DH and I are tossing around the idea of booking a final cruise on the Wonder before she heads out West next year. I've never cruised on points, and wanted to ask some of you veterans if there is anything that I need to be aware of before booking. Also, is it possible to book one with points and cash, or does it have to be one or the other (either all cash or all points)? Any tips/advice/info is greatly appreciated!!!


text: On Sat, 28 Apr 2001, Steven Murdoch wrote: > This is mainly a semantic issue since a server that requires either > option is broken, but I would guess that more people would have > problems with including the shutdown than if it were > ommitted. Therefore if the shutdown instruction was ommitted unless The code did work for several years, so we keep it as it is for 1.0.5 Werner -- Werner Koch Omnis enim res, quae dando non deficit, dum habetur g10 Code GmbH et non datur, nondum habetur, quomodo habenda est. Privacy Solutions -- Augustinus


text:
Reading the menu vs. eating it
Transitory Gaslamp means you have to straddle tastes
Patrick Henderson 8:03 p.m., Nov. 24
San Diego Set cynicism aside. The ballot-bubble hubbub may yet bring a happy ending: the swearing-in of a legitimately elected mayor, Donna Frye. This column offers an agenda for Frye's first term. She was not consulted, of course, for it's premature for her to comment, particularly since the legal picture is still cloudy. However, she has already embraced many of the initiatives suggested here.
Obvious question: Is it possible that our partisan, conservative courts will give Frye the nod? Yes, and here's how: Despite all you read, it is not clear under state law that a bubble must be marked for a write-in to count. It's clear in one section, but not in others. However, the San Diego charter and municipal code both state that write-ins will be counted, bubbles be damned.
Former councilmember Bruce Henderson points out that in California election disputes over the past century, when laws conflict, "The court goes with the law that maximizes the vote." But the court may not even get to that issue, because the California constitution specifically states that election laws for cities such as San Diego always prevail over state law, says Henderson. As others point out, the bubble is only a convenience for vote counters, so a court throwing out ballots with unmarked bubbles would be putting the comfort of registrar employees ahead of the will of the people.
Post-election, public opinion is moving against the current administration. Self-proclaimed mayor Dick Murphy is earning the nickname "Mayor Empty Bubble" with his absurd utterances, such as that ballots with undarkened bubbles are "illegal," and, "I really don't know the voter's intent who wrote in Donna's name and didn't fill in the bubble." Puh-leeze.
Mayor Frye must move quickly. Government's job is "to take care of public health and welfare -- not corporate and private welfare," says former councilmember Abbe Wolfsheimer-Stutz. "We have to solve the water- and sewage-treatment problems, and to do that we have to get our back audits completed [2003 and 2004] and restore our credit rating." And then go back to the bond market for the money to fix neglected infrastructure.
In the interim, to keep the city running, "We must get renewal of the short-term credit from the Bank of America," or some other financial institution, says Mel Shapiro, civic activist.
The critical priorities, in order, are "financial recovery, financial recovery, financial recovery," says Carl DeMaio, president of the Performance Institute, a private think tank specializing in government efficiency. "It's mea culpa time. We can't deny the problem," as councilmembers Jim Madaffer and Scott Peters did on KPBS radio last week, arguing that political scaremongering created a perception of a problem that doesn't exist.
Accounting firms will not give anything but a hedged, qualified audit until the federal government has completed its investigations of the city putting misinformation in bond prospectuses. Newly elected city attorney Mike Aguirre has launched his own investigation and pledged cooperation with federal probers. Aguirre should be named the "sole elected official" to get the audits completed, spearhead the cooperation with federal investigators, and probe possible culpability of city employees, says DeMaio.
"The council should have a separate financial recovery docket, and it should focus on that docket at every single meeting," says DeMaio. "None of this can be done in closed session. It must be open to the public." Establishing openness, long a Frye priority, is essential, say all who were interviewed. Tuesday's unprecedented open council meeting on the city's ailing finances was a good first step, indicating Frye's influence is already taking hold.
The council should examine numerous cost-saving items, such as reducing employment and bidding out certain services, DeMaio says. A balanced-budget initiative should be put before voters. "We would strongly suggest some sort of balanced-budget accountability trigger, so if the budget gets out of balance, rebalancing moves will be made every quarter," DeMaio adds.
"The city auditor should be independent, not beholden to politicians, not protecting the politicians," says Norma Damashek, vice president of the League of Women Voters. DeMaio thinks a city comptroller, in charge of all auditing, should be elected, not appointed.
The near-$2 billion pension and health-care deficits are front and center. Last week's slimy move to eliminate whistle-blower Diann Shipione from the city pension board makes several steps essential. Anybody involved -- whether a staff member, board member, or city government employee -- should be disciplined or fired if they made material false representations. Last week, Aguirre, alarmed at what the board might be trying to do in closed session and wanting to preserve documents for his investigation, took over the retirement system's legal affairs and demanded that files be placed under lock and key. The pension board fought back, claiming Aguirre did not have the authority. It will require a Mayor Frye to help Aguirre smash San Diego's culture of secrecy.
The next step is meaningful pension reform. Among many things, Shipione says that the Deferred Retirement Option Plan (which permits employees to double their pay in their last five years and walk off with both a monthly retirement check as well as a lump sum) must be dropped because it's not being funded. Also, some members of the retirement board are voting on benefits they receive. "People who stand to gain should not be on the board," she says. And the accounting system is lax; it must go conservative.
"To get the numbers they want, the board now tells the actuary how to adjust his assumptions," says Shipione. The actuary should produce independent numbers. Back in the bull market, the board was skimming money from winning investments and using it to pay health-care benefits. That's lunacy, says Shipione, and the Vinson & Elkins report, funded by the city, agrees.
As I have said many times, city employees' pay is well above the earnings of average San Diegans. In addition, the employees get the generous benefits and early retirements. This must change.
There are many other things that should get high priority. "We need to set up some form of a charter-review commission, so that the public can finally be consulted about the strong-mayor system," says Damashek. "What was passed in November said that within five years there will be another vote. We need a charter-review commission so that the transition is done right and in the public interest. This was pushed through so fast that nobody knows what it entails, what it will cost. The people pushing it, in their haste, just didn't bother with details."


text:
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text:
Heckuva Job, Suzie
Non-shocker of the day:
Insiders with ties to the Obama administration tell The Cable that U.S. ambassador to the United Nations Susan Rice has become the heir apparent to National Security Advisor Tom Donilon -- a post at the epicenter of foreign-policy decision making and arguably more influential than secretary of state, a job for which she withdrew her candidacy last fall amid severe political pressure.
Well of course Rice is up for promotion. She didn't bungle the media response to Benghazi. She went out on five shows one morning at lied with the reptilian-cool precision of a sociopath. That's the major prerequisite for moving up the vile prog food chain, and they love her for it.


text:
Foundation Golf Tournament Success
Latest News
Foundation Golf Tournament Success
St. Peter's Hospital Foundation's golf tournament, held August 31 at Green Meadow Country Club, netted $19,600 to be used for the purchase of the new pediatric monitoring system.
Winning teams were: First Place – Gross Wells Fargo Wealth Management; First Place – Net Blue Cross Blue Shield Montana 1; Second Place – Gross Anderson ZurMuehlen; Second Place – Net Cherry Creek Radio; Third Place – Gross MHA Ventures; and Third Place – Net Snake Bites (Mat Rude and Team).
Individual winners include: #3 Men's Long Drive (0-14) Dennis Osterman; #3 Men's Long Drive (15+)Jonathon Emmons; #5 Closest to Pin Jamey McHugh; #6 Men's Longest Putt Steve Matthes; #7 Closest to Pin Kelly Casey; #10 Longest Putt Greg Zeller; #14 Ladies Longest Putt Beckie Peterson; #15 Closest to Pin Kelly Kuntz (missing a Hole-in-one by inches!); and #16 Women Long Drive Linda Cockhill.
Other awards given were Diamondback Speed Cart #1 Kelly Kuntz; Diamondback Speed Cart #2 Trevor Parrish; Century 21 Heritage Realty Putter Bob Thennis; Desperado Dick Reward Dave Ashby and Texas Hold 'em Dr. Britt Culver.
The event had 33 registered teams, 132 players and 25 volunteers. Thank you to all who golfed, or donated goods or services in support of this event. Tournament photos can be seen on St. Peter's Hospital Foundation Facebook page (http://www.facebook.com/#!/pages/St-Peters-Hospital-Foundation/110927975587177)


text:
Value Unit Converter Tool License and Download
In order to download the Sub-Capacity Reporting Tool you will need to use the IBM Registration process which most customers have already used to create their personal IBM ID.
By selecting the "Download" link below a new browser window will open and take you directly to a sign-in screen entitled "z Systems Software Licensing Tool Downloads".
- If you already have an IBM ID then simply click the "Sign in" link to continue.
- If you have not yet registered for an IBM ID then click the "register now" link on that same page to create an IBM ID.
After you sign in you will be asked to verify that your personal information (such as email id) has not changed. Scroll down towards the bottom of the page, check the box indicating you agree to the standard license for the Value Unit Converter Tool (this is a No Charge tool), and click the "I confirm" link. You will then be taken to the Value Unit Converter Tool download page where you can click the "Download now" button.
Download the Value Unit Converter Tool
Once you've downloaded, click here to read the installation instructions for the Value Unit Converter Tool.
Contact an IBM Sales Specialist
- Email IBM
- Find a Business Partner
Call IBM: 1-866-261-30231-866-261-3023
Priority code: z Systems


text:
Garlic Bourbon BBQ-Marinated Grilled Chicken
- Total Time: 15 mins
- Hands-on Time: 15 mins
- Makes: 4 servings
Garlic, paprika and cayenne pepper give grilled chicken big charisma.
featured ingredient:
view product
- 1 teaspoon Simply Organic Garlic Powder
- 1 teaspoon Simply Organic Ground Paprika
- 1/2 teaspoon Simply Organic Mustard Seed, ground
- 1 sprinkle Simply Organic Black Pepper Medium Grind
- 1 teaspoon Simply Organic Cayenne Pepper
- 1 pinch Frontier Fine Sea Salt
- 1/4 cup bourbon (optional, alternative below*)
- 1/2 cup soy sauce
- 1/4 cup water
- 1/4 cup sorghum or molasses
- 4 organic chicken breasts, boneless or "airliner," skin on or off
1. In a 2-cup (or larger) measuring cup, whisk together all the liquids and spices. Try to break up any spice "lumps" with a fork.
2. Score the chicken breasts 3 to 5 times on the skin side of the breast by slicing about 1/2 inch into (but not all the way through) the meat. Do this regardless of whether you choose to leave the skin attached.
3. Place the breasts in a shallow casserole or 1-gallon plastic bag, and add the marinade. Mix until the chicken is thoroughly coated. Refrigerate for 1 hour or up to overnight.
4. Preheat your grill. Real wood charcoal tastes best, but gas works fine. Avoid instant-light briquettes as they make food taste like lighter fluid. Aim for medium-high heat – if your grill lid has a thermometer built into the lid, it should read about 375 degrees.
5. Remove the chicken from the marinade and scrape off as much excess as possible. Place on the hot grill, skin side down, and grill 3 to 4 minutes. Turn the breasts over and cook a further 3 to 4 minutes.
6. Using a meat thermometer, check the doneness at the thickest part of the breast. Cook further if needed to reach 165 degrees.
7. Remove from the heat and let stand, covered, for 5 minutes, then serve immediately.
*To leave out the bourbon, replace by doubling the water to 1/2 cup and adding one teaspoon Simply Organic Vanilla Flavoring.
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text:
A new program meant to help clean San Jose's polluted Coyote Creek by eliminating trash from homeless encampments and other sources would employ some homeless people and help them find housing.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, San Jose's Mayor Chuck Reed and other groups on Thursday announced nearly $1 million in funding for the program called Clean Creeks, Healthy Communities.
The program starts in July and lasts through June 2015, and will provide some of the creek's estimated 100 homeless residents with jobs and temporary housing until they can find permanent housing.
In the past three years, the Santa Clara County Water District has pulled 300 tons of trash from homeless encampments and other areas along the creek, which is a major source of trash for San Francisco Bay.


text:
This website is best viewed in a browser that supports web standards.
Skip to content or, if you would rather, Skip to navigation.
Feb. 7, 2013Stanberry, MO | By: Benson
When two local high school basketball teams play tomorrow evening, they will be playing for more than bragging rights.
Albany and Stanberry high schools will play the Hall Bottom Shootout to raise money for cancer research. In addition to the game, Stanberry will be selling t-shirts, host a soup supper and a silent auction. All proceeds from tomorrow night's event will be donated to the American Cancer Society. Stanberry boys basketball coach Nick Groomer says he hopes the event raises four to five thousand dollars.


text:
Phil MacDonald claims the Buondi Billabong Pro in Portugal amidst a dying swell. Photo courtesy Aquashot/ASP Europe
ERICEIRA, Portugal (Sunday, August 31, 2008) – Phillip MacDonald (Sydney, AUS), 29, claimed the ASP World Qualifying Series (WQS) 6-Star Buondi Billabong Pro today in tricky two foot (0.5 meter) waves at the event's back-up venue of Piedra Blanca clinching 2500 ratings' points after defeating Patrick Gudauskas (Ca, USA) in a nerve testing final where ten waves only were surfed. MacDonald, who jumps from No. 31 to 14 on the ASP WQS international ratings, will now be looking forward to requalifying for the ASP World Tour.
MacDonald, a renowned big wave surfer, impressed today in the small conditions defeating Brett Simpson (USA), Che Stang (USA) and Eneko Acero (EUK) to make the final, before securing his first main WQS victory against new ratings' No. 4 Gudauskas.
"I placed 2nd many times in my career but to eventually win a big event is just amazing," MacDonald said. "It was one of the smallest contests in a long time but a win is always a win and I am stoked I finally got the boys to hold me up in the air and get that feeling at last. It was a tough contest, kind of nerving testing with the tricky waves all weekend."
MacDonald, who ended up winning with a 14.50 point heat score (out of a possible 20), got the better waves in the 30-minute final posting an 8.00 point ride halfway through the battle before using his priority over Gudauskas to get away with the title.
"I could have surfed better but there was not a lot of options out there and I just got that good wave," MacDonald said. "I manged to get a few turns together for this 8.00 point score and in these conditions I knew there would not be many more good enough waves."
MacDonald, who got back on the WQS after failing to requalify through the ASP World Tour last year, had a slow start since the WQS got underway in January but now stands with two serious results in a row – an equal 9th in Hossegor and a 1st here – and is in position for a possible requalification.
"I was not really into it when the year started and I did not want to put any pressure on myself," MacDonald said. "With these two good results I guess I will start thinking of the possibility to make it back on the Dream Tour but I would need a couple of big scores still. I will see how things go."
Gudauskas, the Buondi Billabong Pro Portugal runner-up, went through several tough heats as well today defeating the event's high scorer Heitor Alves (BRA) in Semifinal No. 1 before failing in the final. Gudauskas, who brought solid surfing on his backhand at Pedra Blanca, got a promissing 7.00 point ride right at the beginning of the duel but was not able to get any good enough back-up score.
"I was so excited to make another final after the one in Florida in January but the waves were tricky and it was not an easy heat," Gudauskas said. "Phil (Macdonald) got that one excellent wave and with inconsistency of the swell there was not much I could do. I am still stoked."
Gudauskas, who won valuable 2188 ratings' points for his 2nd place finish, leaves Portugal ranked No. 4 on the ASP World Qualifying Series (WQS) and has got one step closer to a 2009 ASP World Tour inception.
"I have had a great year so far and this result will hopefully get me closer to the ASP World Tour," Gudauskas said. "I am looking forward to the next event because it can be pretty consistent and I love surfing big waves in general. I cannot wait to get through all this and make it to Hawaii where I love to surf. It will a close finish but I am defintely ready for it."
Europe had one representative in the final four of the ASP WQS 6-Star event with experienced competitor Eneko Acero (EUK) placing equal 3rd after losing to MacDonald in a close heat by a mere 0.07 difference. Acero, who had not made the finals of a main events in year, came up with great on-the-rail surfing and good tactics to advance through to the semifinals defeating rench surfer and favorite Tim Boal (FRA) in the Quarterfinals.
"The conditions were very hard to surf and I tried hard but someone has to win and this time it was not me," Acero said. "I haven't been in the Semifinals of a 6-Star event for years and it will be a great confidence boost for the next events."
Acero, a longtime ASP WQS Top 50 member, will be looking forward to Pantin where he has had several excellent runs in the past ten years.
"I won the event several times in Pantin and I am stoked to head there with that result unde rmy belt," Acero said. "What Europeans are currently achieving on tour is just great and to see Aritz (Aranburu) among the ASP Top 45 is a great motivation. It took time but it seems like we are definitely there and ready."
Placing equal 5th in the event were Patrick Beven (FRA), Tim Boal (FRA) and outsiders Che Stang (USA) and Wiggoly Dantas (BRA). Boal, who jumps from No. 8 to 5 after his result at Ericeira, now stand as Europe's and France's best chance towards the ASP World Tour.
Patrick Beven (FRA), longtime WQS Top 50 competitor and a leader in the European contigent, lost to Gudauskas in Quarterfinal No. 1. Beven, who had defeated light weight athlete and current ASP WQS No. 10 Pedro Henrique (BRA) earlier in the day, could not find any good potential wave and leaves Portugal with 1625 points.
"I have had a tough year so far and I am slowly coming back and getting the feeling right," Beven said. "I did good at the beginning of the leg in Newquay and this second result is definitely big for my confidence. I was close to getting through that one so I am disappointed but I will take it for sure."
Beven, who had a strong finish last year with a win the ASP WQS 6-Star Prime event in the Canary Islands, will be looking forward to the next events he will attend confidently.
"I felt at home here staying with Tiago (Pires) and his family here and this week was great for my confidence," Beven said. "We have been helping eachother a lot and Tiago gave me some advice to deal with the waves and the peak here. It took me to the Quarterfinals so I am pretty happy."
The ASP caravan will now move to the ASP WQS 5-Star event at Pantin in Spain and 156 surfers including all top finishers of the Buondi Billabong Pro will attend the competition for valuable points on offer.
The Buondi Billabong Pro Portugal is webcast LIVE at aspworldtour.com and aspeurope.com.
Heat: Phillip MacDonald (AUS) 14.50 pts Def. Patrick Gudauskas (USA) 12.40 pts
Heat 1: Patrick Gudauskas (USA) 14.44 pts Def. Heitor Alves (BRA) 9.67 pts
Heat 2: Phillip MacDonald (AUS) 15.17 pts Def. Eneko Acero (EUK) 15.10 pts
Heat 1: Patrick Gudauskas (USA) 12.00 pts Def. Patrick Beven (FRA) 10.77 pts
Heat 2: Heitor Alves (BRA) 14.84 pts Def. Wiggoly Dantas (BRA) 14.50 pts
Heat 3: Phillip MacDonald (AUS) 12.17 pts Def. Che Stang (USA) 8.17 pts
Heat 4: Eneko Acero (EUK) 10.67 pts Def. Tim Boal (FRA) 5.33 pts
Heat 1: Patrick Beven (FRA) 12.50 pts Def. Pedro Henrique (BRA) 7.50 pts
Heat 2: Patrick Gudauskas (USA) 15.17 pts Def. Marco Polo (BRA) 9.77 pts
Heat 3: Wiggoly Dantas (BRA) 12.16 pts Def. Leigh Sedley (AUS) 6.83 pts
Heat 4: Heitor Alves (BRA) 10.90 pts Def. Tonino Benson (HAW) 4.70 pts
Heat 5: Che Stang (USA) 16.17 pts Def. Travis Logie (ZAF) 10.34 pts
Heat 6: Phillip MacDonald (AUS) 15.00 pts Def. Brett Simpson (USA) 12.66 pts
Heat 7: Eneko Acero (EUK) 16.00 pts Def. Tanner Gudauskas (USA) 13.33 pts
Heat 8: Tim Boal (FRA) 15.00 pts Def. Rodrigo Dornelles (BRA) 9.84 pts
ASP World Qualifying Series (WQS) Top 10
1. Nathaniel Curran (USA), 13200 pts
2. Chris Davidson (AUS), 12525 pts
3. Josh Kerr (AUS), 11375 pts
4. Patrick Gudauskas (USA), 11207 pts
5. Tim Boal (FRA), 10938 pts
6. Yadin Nicol (AUS), 10500 pts
7. Drew Courtney (AUS), 10475 pts
8. David Weare (ZAF), 10450 pts
9. Marlon Lipke (DEU), 10375 pts
10. Pedro Henrique (BRA), 10263 pts
The Buondi Billabong Pro Portugal counts once again with important sponsorship from Buondi, and Billabong. Along, well known brands give the contest essential sponsorship: Nokia, B!, Tmn and Jeep. Turismo de Portugal and Camara Municipal de Mafra (Mafra City Hall) also provide huge support.
This contest is organized by Alfarroba, with support from Von Zipper, Ericeira Surf Shop, Kustom, Nixon, Sapo.pt, Pólen Surfboards, Fonte Viva, LG Computers, Konica Minolta, Ericeira Surf Club, Junta de Freguesia da Ericeira, Red Bull, Ribeira d'Ilhas Surf Camp, Vitaminas, and ASP Europe – Association of Surfing Professionals.
To help on the event's diffusion, we count on MegaFm radio, newspaper Destak, tv channel Sport Tv, websites http://surf.sapo.pt , www.Conquilha.com , and magazines FreeSurf, SurfPortugal and Bit.


text:
Fresh Frosting
- Artist: Frosting
- Format: CD
- Release Date: 8/3/2010
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A mesmerizing blend of styles, from hook-laden pop songs to moody, introspective melodies to straight up anthemic rock and roll JAMS, FROSTING offers up a refreshing take on rock music in todays oversaturated world of cookie cutter bands, fledgling indie projects and one trick ponies. For an artist to develop these intertwined styles takes a history of, gigging, writing, recording, personal growth, life experience, passion and perserverence. Mark Grzelak, aka 'Spiv', has been a staple in the Chicago & regional Music Scene for years. Spiv has been the principal guitar-slinger/songwriter/ riff-writer/producer/ cut-and-paste creative musician in Chicago bands: Simple Simon, Javelinas, Blackmaker, as well as the live guitarist from time to time with Michael McDermott band, amongst others.. Logging in gigs around the USA numbering well into the thousands, from House of Blues to the late CBGB's to no-name bars in Fargo, side by side with over 10 albums worth of rock and roll work under his belt, and running his music hub/record label, Kentland Records, one would tend to think the creative candle for an artist in the trenches of the midwest music scene for this duration eventually burns dim. Not a chance. Re-inspiration on the roller coaster ride of rock and roll continues to strike, and FROSTING is Spiv's first project solely on his terms. Assisted by some Chicago friends on the drums as well as the hidden gem female vocalist Laura Lopardo, 'Fresh Frosting' stands as an impressive first release of collective work!
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DALLAS (AP) - A federal district judge on Tuesday denied a request for a preliminary injunction sought by a North Texas couple who objected to the words "one state under God" being added to the state pledge of allegiance and wanted to stop it from being recited.
The judge said in a one-page ruling denying the motion that David and Shannon Croft failed to show injury if the preliminary injunction was not granted.
"With today's ruling, a federal judge denied the plaintiffs' attempt to prevent Texas schoolchildren from pledging their allegiance to 'one state under God,' " Attorney General Greg Abbott said in a news release. "The United States Supreme Court has repeatedly held patriotic acknowledgments of the Almighty such as these are completely consistent with the U.S. Constitution."
Earlier this month, the two filed a lawsuit contending that the Texas pledge violates the First Amendment.
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Davis Hoffnagle took some incredible video and photos of bears outside his New Hartford home over the weekend.
He said the images were taken on Saturday.
A mother bear was watching a cub in a tree directly out Hoffnagle's window.
She paced around the house and hung around for about an hour until the cub came down and ran off with the mother.
There had been 3,326 bear sightings in the state from April 29, 2013 to April 7, 2014. Sixty-three of them were in New Hartford.
According to the state Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, bears can detect the slightest aroma of food, which might lead them to campsites and near homes.
They warn not to attempt to feed or attract bears. If you see a bear, report it to the Wildlife Division, at (860) 675-8130 or online.
To avoid attracting bears, follow these tips from DEEP:
- Remove bird feeders from late March through November.
- Wait until the morning of collection before bringing out trash. Add a few capfuls of ammonia to trash bags and garbage cans to mask food odors. Keep trash bags in a container with a tight lid and store in a garage or shed.
- Do not leave pet food outside overnight. Store livestock food in airtight containers.
- Do not put meats or sweet-smelling fruit rinds in compost piles. Lime can be sprinkled on the compost pile to reduce the smell and discourage bears.
- Thoroughly clean grills after use or store in a garage or shed.
- Never intentionally feed bears. Bears that associate food with people may become aggressive and dangerous. This may lead to personal injury, property damage, and the need to destroy problem animals.
- Encourage your neighbors to take similar precautions.


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This really does taste like cookie dough. I don't get the chocolate as much as other people were saying, but wow just like cookie dough. I put a little milk and a tad of sweetener in it to bring out even more cookie dough flavor but it doesn't need it if you don't want to add it. I love this tea so much I just went out and got a 100g tin of it.
205 °F / 96 °C 5 min, 0 sec


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Maybelline Volum' Express The Falsies Flared
362 reviews
48% would repurchase
Package Quality: 3.8
Price: $$
Package Quality: 3.8
Price: $$
Where to Buy
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Start your review
on 9/18/2013 11:44:00 AM
Age: 36-43
Skin: Combination, Fair, Cool
Hair: Red, Wavy, Coarse
Eyes: Brown
I switched to "cheaper" mascara as they are all really the same, its the brush that makes the difference. Went back to maybelline and picked this up.
I was pleasantly surprisd. the brush caught every lash and I am very happy with the result. Will purchase again
on 9/18/2013 10:09:00 AM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
Horrendous. Absolutely horrible. Clumped and made my eyelashes look shorter than they are without mascara. They made balls of clumps at the ends of my lashes. I've tried almost every drug store/walmart mascara under the sun.. Worst so far
on 9/16/2013 9:20:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Combination, Other, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
Held a curl nicely and gave good definition... but I have oily lids, and sigh, there were little flakes and smudges after 2 hours. The hunt for the HG of mascara continues!
on 9/12/2013 5:39:00 PM
Age: 36-43
Skin: Dry, Other, Not Sure
Hair: Blond, Other, Other
Eyes: Blue
I never thought I'd like this I like dept store mascaras w/o exception bought it on ref from sister. At 1st didn't like but it takes x and patience 2 get it right w this 1. Never found the clumping, flaking or wetness others did.... Read on pkg don't wait btwn coats may b the flaking reason 4 some who knows? I'm super picky w mascara.... Once I played w application noticed: def a cat eyes flared look ( this the new flared cat eyes n yellow&orange tube) ESP if concentrate more mascara outer eye. Never used on lower lashes wanted 2 keep cat eye look that wld hv bn weird IMO. Doesn't hv quite enuf volume4 what I'm used 2... That's ok. I'm 42 and read when u get older - massive volume looks ridic. This curls my lashes after using Tartes awesome curler so much that tips of lashes lv mascara on lids. Worth the $6. Holds curl all day looks good w liquid liner slightly winged up
on 9/12/2013 4:46:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Other, Fair, Neutral
Hair: Brunette, Wavy, Fine
Eyes: Brown
It just sucks so hard. The formula is thin yet chunky on my lashes, and the wand is floppy and difficult to maneuver. I don't normally have shaky hands but they always shook when I used this P.O.S. It's listed on Ulta's website for $6.99. Thank god it was given to me for free because I would have been mad if I had paid for this garbage.
on 9/7/2013 1:54:00 PM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Oily, Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I love this mascara! Something to try if you haven't yet
on 8/20/2013 9:58:00 PM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Warm
Hair: Black, Straight, Fine
Eyes: Brown
I bought the waterproof version of this mascara.
I have medium to short asian lashes that are naturally uncurled so they require curl, volume and lengthening. Although the product did not live up to its claim to making my lashes appear like falsies, they were able to hold curl and provide beautiful lengthening and separation for at least 8 hours. Being oily, it was a near miracle that the mascara did not smudge on me. This mascara will also hold through bouts of tears as well.
The fatal flaw of this mascara is that the formula will dry out your lashes. After using this mascara nearly every day for four to five months, I experienced dry lashes that had a tendency to fall out- not pretty. After a short time without using this mascara, my lashes were fine again and I was able to use it.
This is highly recommended to all of the asian gals in the beauty community. This will not weigh down your lashes, and it lengthens and separates wonderfully! I've gotten compliments from my boyfriend on my eyelashes- always a good sign.
Lippies taken off from packaging because it's not super cute, and the mascara has a tendency to clump around the tip of the brush and the opening of the tube. Not a big thing, given that this mascara is cheap. Canadian friends, look around Shoppers or London Drugs! You can often find this on sale for $5.00.
on 9/7/2013 11:14:00 AM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Sensitive, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Curly, Other
Eyes: Brown
Absolute LOVE- this is without a doubt my HG mascara! I was blessed with naturally long lashes, so it's really easy for me to see if a mascara lives up to its claims or not. This is absolutely fabulous, I cannot tell you how many times I've been asked if I was wearing fake lashes while wearing this mascara. Since I've been working with it for so long, I've developed a technique while applying it. First, I take the 'spoon' shaped side and apply everywhere, then, focusing on the 'flare' of my lashes, I flip the wand over so it's a 'reverse spoon' shape and use the tip area of the wand to apply the product there until my outer lashes are noticeably flared; finally, with the wand still in 'reverse spoon' shape, I apply everywhere to give my lashes some luscious volume. I'm telling you, this baby works beautifully, you just need to know how to use it. Also, after seeing the reviews on how the formula is 'watery' and makes lashes 'clump', listen to this: Every time I purchase a new mascara, I always take the wand out and dab/wipe it onto a napkin to take the excess product off; I repeat this 2 to 4 times (since this is a more watery formula, I usually do it 4 times with this one). Doing this makes the formula more tacky when sticking to the wand and during application (no wetness! no clumps!). Since I've always done this process with every mascara I've newly purchased (thanks, Michelle Phan!), I've never experienced the wetness and clumping that people are referring to, so I'm certain that doing this would solve that problem! Give it another try if you didn't have a good experience with it, this mascara is fantastic!
on 8/24/2013 3:59:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Oily, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Black
Long story short, I am not a fan of this mascara. I love trying new mascaras and I understand that mascaras work differently on people. I have medium length, naturally curly Asian eyelashes (I know, strange for my people).
One of the reasons why I do not like this mascara is because it clumps, it does a poor job of separating my lashes. Not really easy to layer either, dries too fast. This mascara also flakes rather quickly which is a shame, I'd rather not spend most of my day wiping under my eyes. For it being not waterproof, this mascara does not wash off easily. You definitely need to use eye makeup remover (I'm lazy, I like for my mascara to rinse off magically with warm water and plus, I hardly wear any other eye makeup).
I personally would not buy this again, but seems like there are quite a few fans of this mascara out there. And if it doesn't work for you, at least it will be a cheap mistake :).
on 9/7/2013 12:02:00 PM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Other, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I love most of maybelline mascaras but so far this is one of my top favorite. It holds the curls well and makes my eyelashes look longer and thicker i love love this one highly recommend <3
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Lakai has released their Carroll Select Flannel Pack. The mid top sneaker comes in four colorways, featuring black suede uppers mixed with flannel. The sneakers come with both black laces and laces matching the flannel colorway. The pack is exclusive to the Japanese market and now available from Shoe Planet.
Detailed images of all 4 colorways of the Lakai Carroll Select Flannel follow after the jump.


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by Christopher Freeburn | January 30, 2014 9:49 am
The marriage between handset maker Motorola Mobility and tech giant Google (GOOG[1]) is over. On Wednesday, Google announced plans to sell the maker of the Moto X smartphone[2] to Lenovo Group (LNVGY[3]) for $2.9 billion. The news sent GOOG stock up more than 3% in Thursday morning trading.
GOOG stock climbed after the Internet search engine's CEO Larry Page said, in a post on Google's blog[6], that "Motorola will be better served by Lenovo — which has a rapidly growing smartphone business and is the largest (and fastest-growing) PC manufacturer in the world." Page conceded that "the smartphone market is super competitive, and to thrive it helps to be all-in when it comes to making mobile devices."
Google acquired Motorola in 2012 for $12.5 billion. Along with its manufacturing assets, Motorola brought a vast portfolio of mobile technology patents to Google. The Motorola merger remains Google's largest acquisition to date. However, intensifying competition in the smartphone market and lackluster sales of leading Motorola smartphones, including the Moto X, turned Motorola into a drag on Google's profits, USA TODAY notes.
Google will retain most of the patents it obtained when it acquired Motorola and has agreed to a patent licensing deal with Lenovo. The sale of Motorola moves Google out of the handset manufacturing business.
While Google won't be making its own smartphones, it has recently expanded its device manufacturing reach. Earlier this month, Google agreed to buy smart thermostat-maker Nest[7] for $3.2 billion.
Late last year, Google purchased Boston Dynamics, a developer of robots for the Pentagon[8].
GOOG stock has risen more than 45% over the past 12 months. GOOG stock has traded above $1,100 a share since December.
Source URL: https://investorplace.com/2014/01/goog-stock-google-sell-motorola-mobility-lenovo-2-9b/
Short URL: http://invstplc.com/MlWldb
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Hexion's EPI-REZ™ Epoxy Waterborne Resins and EPIKURE™ Curing Agents for waterborne systems are a unique portfolio of products that are compatible with each other, and allow the formulator to develop waterborne formulations that in many instances are capable substitutes to formulations containing a high portion of Volatile Organic Compounds.
These combinations can generally be diluted to a desired solids level simply with water addition. Due to their high degree of compatibility with many components, EPI-REZ Waterborne Resins and/or EPIKURE Curing Agents can also be formulated with wetting agents, additives, cosolvents and coupling agents to obtain formulations for fast dry as well as high after cure corrosion resistance and superior adhesion to various substrates.
See the "Technical Data Sheets" section for information on individual products.
New Starting Formulations!
Waterborne Gloss White Enamel with <100 g/L VOC
Waterborne White Corrosion-resistant Primer with <100 g/L VOC
View more starting formulations...
EPI-REZ Waterborne Resins and EPIKURE Curing Agents can be used in most traditional applications such as in flooring, adhesives, anticorrosive primers and textile binders to reduce or eliminate Volatile Organic Compounds without sacrificing performance. EPI-REZ Waterborne Resins are also used to coat engineering fibers in order to provide superior matrix adhesion in high performing fiber reinforced composite applications.
Some of the industries and applications are:
See the "Applications & Formulations" section for Starting Formulations and additional information.
Because of their ease in handling, waterborne epoxies can now be used in many nontraditional applications where solvent-borne and highly viscous epoxy resins could not be used. EPI-REZ waterborne resins can also be combined with other waterborne polymers, such as polyurethanes, various latex polymers and phenolic resins, such that unique performance properties can be obtained.


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It's one of the most blatant violations of the U.S. border you've ever seen – because it was so open and so brazen and so elegantly extravagant.
The federal takedown of Columbia County contractor Hugo Diaz – an illegal alien who, with his illegal wife with their illegal $1.7 million golf-course mansion harbored other illegals to work in his business – also is one of the largest, if not the largest, asset seizures from an illegal in the nation. Ever.
Part of you can't blame the Diazes for setting up shop in a country doltish enough to allow such illegality under its nose. But the truth is, Diaz undercut local contractors, forcing some out and apparently enticing others to look the other way to play ball with him just to stay in the game. Until the economy went south.
That means that, even after Diaz and his wife Blanca pled guilty in federal court this week to harboring an illegal immigrant, there are probably more than one or two potential co-conspirators walking around free today, some of them native-born Americans.
How did he get business licenses? Bank accounts? Credit at the best suppliers? Nice cars? A deed to a mansion?
One supposes that's what happens when an entire nation's political structure lacks the minimal amount of backbone to enforce its immigration laws.
Diaz is said to be cooperating with authorities. We can only hope that others – besides the illegals caught in Diaz's web – are eventually called to account.
While Diaz was the kingpin, all the kingpin's men haven't been held responsible.
And though we enforce our immigration laws only sporadically in this country, it's only fair to enforce them fully when we do.