text:
|Numéro de publication
|Type de publication
|Numéro de demande
|Date de publication
|3 janv. 2012
|Date de dépôt
|20 déc. 2002
|Date de priorité
|20 déc. 2002
|État de paiement des frais
|Autre référence de publication
|Numéro de publication
|Christopher Brian Brodeur
|Cessionnaire d'origine
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Exporter la citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citations de brevets (56), Citations hors brevets (2), Référencé par (16), Classifications (11), Événements juridiques (7)
|Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet
The present invention relates to radiopaque polymeric medical devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to biocompatible and biostable medical devices made from a biocompatible polymer such as expanded or stretched polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) which incorporates a radiopaque material therein.
The use of implantable medical devices such as grafts, stents, and the like, has increased steadily since these devices were first developed. Stents or grafts are usually implanted into a variety of body vessels or lumens in an effort to maintain their patency and are particularly useful, for example, in the treatment of vascular diseases such as atherosclerotic stenosis or aneurysms in blood vessels.
In order for implantable medical devices to successfully perform their function, they must be biocompatible. In particular, it is important for a graft to be porous so as to allow cell ingrowth so that the graft becomes an integrated part of the body lumen. The graft must also be biologically inert so as to avoid excessive tissue growth, scarring, and blocking of the graft. A particularly advantageous compound for forming the graft is PTFE. This polymer is biocompatible as it is biologically inert and can be formed into appropriately sized lumens or tubes to meet various arterial and vascular needs. Furthermore, the method of making PTFE tubes, especially expanded PTFE (ePTFE) tubes, produces a desirable porosity. This feature encourages incorporation of the graft material into the body lumen while avoiding excessive cell growth, scarring, and blockage. However, use of PTFE in making grafts results in a product that is not radiopaque.
For a number of reasons, it is important to be able to see the implanted medical device using fluoroscopic methods. Fluoroscopy is useful in facilitating the precise placement during implantation of medical devices such as grafts or stents. After initial placement, fluoroscopy is useful in monitoring the status of the structure. Characteristics of a flexible graft that may be monitored using fluoroscopy include location of the graft, compliance of the graft, the anastomosis of the graft to the patient's body organ tubing, and the presence or absence of conditions such as holes, kink failures, bursts, aneurysm, and the like.
To date, a number of methods and devices have been developed that impart radiopacity to medical devices and/or implantation devices in order to satisfy these needs. For implantation of medical devices, a variety of radiopaque guide wires have been developed. The guide wire is usually inserted into the medical device and this assembly is guided through and inserted into a lumen of the body. The wire is usually made of an inherently radiopaque material. Placement of the medical device is tracked by fluoroscopically observing the wire as it guides the medical device into place. The disadvantage of this method is that once the medical device is in place, the radiopaque wire is removed. As a result, the implanted medical device remains invisible to fluoroscopic analysis after implantation.
One method of rendering medical devices detectable by fluoroscopy is the use of radiopaque metal markers placed directly on the medical device either at the ends or along the length of the device. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,253,769. These markers are of limited use in fluoroscopic detection of the flexible graft characteristics detailed above. Since only a portion of the graft is visible, holes and the like will go undetected. Furthermore, these markers are not particularly useful in implantable devices that are required to be porous and flexible, such as vascular prosthesis. Vascular grafts, including those which are surgically implanted and those which are introduced intraluminally, are designed to mimic the natural vessels and hence require a unique combination of features to be present. The graft must be sufficiently porous to allow formation of the altima, and encapsulation by the body, yet be fluid-tight to prevent leakage of blood. Additionally, flexibility and compliance are also key features of a successful graft product. Thus, use of metal bands or conventional radiopaque markers are unacceptable in such devices.
Fluoroscopically visible medical devices are known which use radiopaque polymers. Larsen, European Patent Publication No. 0 203 833, discloses a composition comprising a x-ray contrasting thermoset polymer including a crosslinkable polyester resin dissolved in a vinyl monomer. This composition may be used to manufacture surgical articles. However, due to the solid polymer's inflexibility, it may not be used to create flexible devices and would certainly be inappropriate to use as any type of prosthetic implant which requires flexibility.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,319,059 to Neuenschwander et al. discloses a biocompatible radiopaque material covalently attached to a polyurethane matrix. However, many polyurethane materials are known to be inherently unstable in the body over time, and may be reabsorbed into the body, rendering the article invisible by radiographic imaging. This may be problematic for applications to implantable articles, whose presence would become undetectable to X-rays after decomposition of the radiopaque material.
WO 90/03036 published application discloses use of polymer compositions having added inorganic heavy metal salts in a physical mixture for use in medical and dental applications. The heavy metal is present as a fine powder locked in a matrix. However, preparation of these compositions may result in an uneven distribution of salt which has an adverse effect on the plasticity of the composition. Furthermore, the salts tend to gradually leach out of such matrices releasing toxic heavy metals into the system. Composite polymers are also known but these are only possible with polymers having appropriate reaction sites, such as carbonyl moieties. Thus, these composite polymers are not useful with PTFE grafts.
Fluoroscopically visible medical device are known which include detectable coatings. U.S. Pat. No. 4,990,138 discloses an everting balloon catheter that is made radiopaque by bonding a polymeric material doped with a major amount of radiopaque metals onto a distal end portion a catheter body. The coating allows the distal end to be visible for use in guiding placement of the catheter body.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,048,362 discloses a radiopaque filler compound added to an elastic polymer. The polymer is then coated onto a metal frame to form a stent/graft device. In preferred embodiments, the radiopaque material contains barium, bismuth, or tungsten, and the polymer is treated with a porous coating to improve bio-compatibility. The result is a fluoroscopically visible stent/graft device.
Published Application No. WO 01/49340 to Pacetti and Mroz discloses a stent having enhanced radiopacity due to particles of radiopaque material contained within a binder that is used as a coating for the stent. This invention is limited to use on stents.
It is also known to coat the interior of an implantable device with radiopaque metals such as gold, platinum and tantalum by sputtering, evaporation or electroplating processes. It is a requirement of these coatings that they have good adhesion and conform to the medical device during deformation. Unfortunately, these coatings are susceptible to degradation over time. Cracking, flaking, and delamination can be a problem with this approach. When part of the coating separates from the substrate, there is a risk of causing turbulence in the blood flow and resultant thrombogenesis. Pieces may also create a risk of embolism in downstream vasculature.
While the prior art discloses various compositions and methods for rendering an implantable medical device radiopaque, there has yet to be developed an implantable medical device that is biocompatible, radiopaque, and does not lose effectiveness with time or risk injury to a patient. Thus, there is a present need for a radiopaque implantable medical device that is safe, biocompatible and biostable over time.
The present invention provides a radiopaque medical prosthesis that overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art. The prosthesis fulfills all the mechanical and structural requirements attendant to its function. In addition, the prosthesis is fluoroscopically visible without requiring a radiopaque material be provided separate from the prosthesis itself.
The advantages of the present invention are achieved by providing a radiopaque compound admixed with PTFE to form an integrally formed biocompatible implantable prosthesis. The integrity of the prosthesis is maintained by choosing appropriate relative amounts of the radiopaque material with respect to the prosthesis material.
The present invention provides a radiopaque implantable prosthesis including a polymeric prosthesis made from ePTFE having a node and fibril structure and a radiopaque filler, which is integral with at least a portion of the node and fibril structure of the prosthesis.
In an advantageous aspect, the present invention provides a radiopaque vascular graft, including a vascular graft formed from ePTFE having a node and fibril structure, and a radiopaque filler integral with at least a portion of the node and fibril structure of the graft. The filler is desirably a plurality of gold particles, although other materials are useful.
The present invention also provides a method of making a radiopaque implantable polymeric prosthesis made from PTFE and a radiopaque filler integral with a node and fibril structure of the prosthesis. The method includes the steps of admixing PTFE particles, a lubricant, and a radiopaque filler to form a mixture; pre-forming the mixture under pressure into a cylindrical billet; extruding the billet into an extrudate having a predetermined shape; expanding and/or stretching the extrudate to form an expanded radiopaque prosthesis wherein the radiopaque filler is integral with the node and fibril structure of the PTFE; and sintering the extruded radiopaque prosthesis to form a sintered radiopaque prosthesis. Desirably, the radiopaque filler is uniformly distributed throughout the prosthesis. A rinsing step may be performed to remove residual radiopaque filler from the cooled radiopaque prosthesis.
In a desirable aspect, the present invention provides a medical device in the form of a prosthesis formed into a tube or sheet to serve as a graft or patch, respectively. The prosthesis in the form of a graft may be used alone or in combination with a stent. Additionally, the graft/stent combination may be formed as a graft covered stent, a stent covered graft, a stent arranged between two grafts, a laminated graft and stent combination, and the like.
With the foregoing and additional features in mind, this invention will now be described in more detail, and other benefits and advantages thereof will be apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
An implantable prosthesis made in accord with the present invention provides the distinct advantage of permitting fluoroscopic viewing of the prosthesis at any time. This advantage allows non-invasive diagnostic evaluation of prosthesis performance including location, patency, and compliance of the graft, the anastomosis of the graft to the patient's body organ tubing, and the presence or absence of conditions such as holes, kink failures, bursts, aneurysm, and the like. The prosthesis of the present invention remains radiopaque throughout the life of the prosthesis without losing radiopacity. Advantageously, the radiopacity of the prosthesis of the present invention is opaque enough to enable detection yet not so opaque as to interfere with other non-invasive diagnostic techniques such as angiography.
Referring now to
Referring now to
Although not intending to be limited to such interpretation, it is believed this integration of radiopaque material is made possible due to the expansion process of the PTFE extrudate which forms the ePTFE node and fibril structure. It is thus possible for the radiopaque material to be generally uniformly distributed throughout the entire prosthesis in both the cross sectional thickness as well as its length. Furthermore, it is possible for the radiopaque material to remain substantially permanently within the ePTFE structure once implanted into a patient. In one advantageous aspect of the invention, the majority of the radiopaque material is at least partially integrated within the nodes and fibrils of the ePTFE structure.
One method for manufacturing porous PTFE tubing generally, is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,953,566, U.S. Pat. No. 3,962,153, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,973,609, the entireties of which are herein incorporated by reference. Generally, a PTFE tube may be formed in four steps including preparation of a PTFE paste, extrusion of a tube, expansion of the tube, and sintering of the tube. When forming tubular structures PTFE paste is either formed into a billet under pressure and passed through a tubular extrusion dye or coated onto a mandrel to form a tubular extrudate. Next, the wet extrudate is dried to evaporate the lubricant at either room temperature or temperatures near the lubricant's dry point. After the PTFE resin or paste is formed and dried, it is expanded and may also be stretched while being formed into the desired tube shape. Stretching refers to elongation of formed resin while expansion refers to enlargement of the formed resin perpendicularly to its longitudinal axis. The stretching/expansion step occurs at a temperature less than 327° C., typically in the range of 250-326° C. by an expansion rate of at least two to one (2:1). Finally, the tubular extrudate is sintered by heating it to a temperature of about 350-370° C. This results in an amorphous locking of the polymer. The tubular extrudate may then be cut to size.
Similarly, a method for manufacturing porous ePTFE sheets is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,476,589, the entirety of which is herein incorporated by reference. Generally, formation of sheets is similar to that of forming tubes. However, rather than being only expanded, the extrudate is stretched to form the desired ribbon or sheet. The sintered extrudate may then be cut to size as tapes, patches, or the like.
The radiopaque ePTFE according to the invention may be prepared as follows. A PTFE paste dispersion is made by admixing a fine, virgin PTFE powder such as F-104, F-103, Virgin PTFE Fine Powder (Dakin America, Orangeburg, N.Y.) with a liquid lubricant such as odorless mineral spirits or naphtha, i.e., Isopar® (Exxon Chemical Co., Houston, Tex.), and radiopaque particles such as gold powder (Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, Mass.) to form a PTFE paste so as to evenly distribute the radiopaque powder among the PTFE into a paste having the desired consistency. The mixture is then pre-formed into a cylindrical billet under pressure, for example from about 300 psi to about 600 psi. The pre-formed billet is then extruded to a rod or tubular extrudate. The extrudate is then expanded and/or stretched and formed into a predetermined shape such as a tube or sheet, at an elevated temperature not exceeding about 327° C. The extrudate is then sintered at a temperature in excess of about 327° C. to crystallize the extruded structure. The length of the sintering step may be less than that for conventional ePTFE sintering, due to the heat sink aspects of the gold particles in the material. One having ordinary skill will be able to adjust the time for sintering in relation to the amount of radiopaque material in the extrudate. The extrudite is rinsed so as to remove any residual radiopaque particles that have not been trapped in the ePTFE prior to implantation. As a final step, the extrudite may be cut to the desired end use shape.
In a desirable aspect, the radiopaque filler is substantially uniformly distributed throughout the radiopaque ePTFE. To this end, thorough mixing of the PTFE paste dispersion is important to assist in uniformly distributing the radiopaque filler throughout the paste. This is also important from a cost standpoint, as the radiopaque filler can be expensive. Thorough mixing of the material will aid in minimizing loss of the radiopaque filler in the rinsing stage of the process. In addition, the pressure used to pre-form the billet and then to form the prosthesis will assist in providing a uniform distribution of radiopaque particles throughout the prosthesis. Specifically, extruding or working the material under pressure also serves to uniformly distribute the radiopaque filler.
In an advantageous aspect, a physiologically or pharmacologically active agent may be coated or otherwise incorporated into a prosthesis made with the radiopaque ePTFE according to the invention so as to allow for timed released delivery to a patient after implantation. Any drug or bio-therapeutic agent may be coated onto a surface or incorporated into the prosthesis. Examples of suitable drugs or bio-therapeutic agents may include, without limitation, thrombo-resistant agents, antibiotic agents, anti-tumor agents, cell cycle regulating agents, their homologs, derivatives, fragments, pharmaceutical salts, and combinations thereof.
Useful thrombo-resistant agents may include, for example, heparin, heparin sulfate, hirudin, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, keratin sulfate, lytic agents, including urokinase and streptokinase, their homologs, analogs, fragments, derivatives and pharmaceutical salts thereof.
Useful antibiotics may include, for example, penicillins, cephalosporins, vancomycins, aminoglycosides, quinolones, polymyxins, erythromycins, tetracyclines, chloramphenicols, clindamycins, linomycins, sulfonamides, their homologs, analogs, fragments, derivatives, pharmaceutical salts and mixtures thereof.
Useful anti-tumor agents may include, for example, paclitaxel, docetaxel, alkylating agents including mechlorethamine, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, melphalan and ifosfamide; antimetabolites including methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, 5-fluorouracil and cytarabine; plant alkaloids including vinblastine, vincristine and etoposide; antibiotics including doxorubicin, daunomycin, bleomycin, and mitomycin; nitrosureas including carmustine and lomustine; inorganic ions including cisplatin; biological response modifiers including interferon; enzymes including asparaginase; and hormones including tamoxifen and flutamide; their homologs, analogs, fragments, derivatives, pharmaceutical salts and mixtures thereof.
Useful anti-viral agents may include, for example, amantadines, rimantadines, ribavirins, idoxuridines, vidarabines, trifluridines, acyclovirs, ganciclovirs, zidovudines, foscarnets, interferons, their homologs, analogs, fragments, derivatives, pharmaceutical salts and mixtures thereof
The agent may be provided in any of a variety of methods. For example, it is possible to form the ePTFE prosthesis with monomers including functional groups to which the agents will bind. The prosthesis can be dip coated with a mixture of a drug in an appropriate buffer. After allowing the drug to react with the functional groups, the graft may be dried. See the method as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 6,358,557, for example. Alternatively, it is also possible to use the porous nature of the ePTFE material to hold therapeutic agents therein. The therapeutic agent may be added to the prosthesis by addition of a therapeutic drug solution under pressure.
The particle size of the radiopaque filler will desirably be from about 0.05 to about 2 microns in diameter. More desirably, the particle size will be within the range of 0.05 microns to about 0.5 microns in diameter, even more desirably from about 0.05 microns to about 0.1 microns in diameter. It is desirable for a majority of the particles to remain at least partially integrated in the nodes and/or in the fibrils. The particles will also be useful if integrated by being trapped among fibril bundles so as to avoid release upon rinsing or implantation. When the particles are trapped among fibril bundles, it may be possible for some of the particles to escape the bundle and reach the bloodstream. In this case, the small size of the particles is advantageous, as it will serve to avoid embolisms, which are typically associated with larger particles or masses in the bloodstream. Additionally, the chance of radiopaque filler being released into the bloodstream is limited due to normal tissue growth of intima that occurs after implantation. The cells serve to secure the place of the radiopaque filler in the structure. It is further desirable for the filler particles to be substantially uniform in size.
Suitable compounds for the radiopaque material include metals such as platinum, stainless steel, titanium, silver, tantalum, barium, bismuth, iridium, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, or palladium and biocompatible oxides thereof. Desirably, the material is gold, titanium, or silver and biocompatible oxides thereof. More desirably, the material is gold having a purity of at least 99%. As used herein a material is biocompatible if it does not significantly compromise the function of the host organism. The radiopaque materials may be used alone or in combination. The radiopaque material may be coated with a biocompatible material such as a resin.
The concentration of the radiopaque filler material will vary depending on the application. Generally, the concentration should be high enough to be clearly detectable fluorometrically yet be low enough to maintain the structural integrity of the prosthesis and to avoid interfering with other radiopaque diagnostics such as angiography and the like. Generally, the radiopaque material is from about 5% to about 30% by weight of the prosthesis. Desirably, the radiopaque material is from about 10% to about 25% by weight of the prosthesis. More desirably, the radiopaque material is about 20% by weight of the prosthesis. Although desired concentrations of radiopaque material have been delineated, other concentrations outside of these ranges may be suitable, depending on the ultimate use of the radiopaque ePTFE in a prosthesis. These ranges also fall within the scope of the invention.
The radiopaque ePTFE can be used in any medical application in which ePTFE prostheses are used. For example, the radiopaque ePTFE can be used in grafts, stents, surgical felts, or the like. Grafts are tubular medical devices used to repair or replace damaged vessels. They may be formed of a variety of materials. In the present invention, ePTFE is used. A stent provides structural support to hold a damaged vessel open. Stents are usually used in combination with grafts in which the graft is a liner, a cover, laminated, adhered, sewn or otherwise attached to the stent. It is to be understood that the prosthesis according to the invention may be in the form of a structurally self-supporting graft. Specifically, it can be used as a graft without requiring a stent for support. Surgical felts are used as patches to repair non-tubular defects. The implantable prosthesis may be chosen from a wide variety of prostheses including but not limited to catheters, balloons, grafts, graft/stent combinations, surgical felts, and the like.
In one advantageous aspect of the invention, the prosthesis is an ePTFE graft with radiopaque gold particles integrated therein. However, any implantable medical device that may be formed of ePTFE can be rendered radiopaque in accord with the invention. For example, in one embodiment, a conventional ePTFE graft can be bonded along a portion of the graft with a radiopaque ePTFE ribbon made according to the invention.
Referring now to
The opacity of the radiopaque ePTFE may be varied depending on the application. In applications involving tubular grafts, for example, certain diagnostic tests are focused on identifying proper placement of the graft. In this case, the graft may be made with substantially radiopaque ePTFE, or it may be bonded intermittently along the length of the graft, for example with a ribbon or series of rings of substantially radiopaque ePTFE according to the invention. The high degree of opacity will enable a practitioner to identify the exact location of the graft implant.
In other diagnostic tests involving grafts, such as fluoroscopy tests designed to evaluate blood flow through a graft, it may be necessary to see the entire length of the graft while still being able to view a dye flowing therethrough. In this case, the radiopacity will be partial or "radiotranslucent" to allow both viewing of the structural integrity of the entire graft and detection of the dye indicating the ability of blood to flow through the graft.
Regulation of the degree of opacity of the radiopaque ePTFE may be accomplished by varying the amount of radiopaque filler in the PTFE paste. Opacity will be increased by increasing the relative amount of filler to PTFE in the paste and decreased by decreasing the relative amount of filler to PTFE in the paste. Furthermore, regulation of the degree of opacity may be accomplished by varying one or more of the process parameters described above. For example, for a given concentration of radiopaque filler added to the PTFE paste, a lesser percent of expansion, for example 500%, will result in a greater concentration of radiopaque material and increased radiopacity. This is most suitable in applications involving a prosthesis having a thicker cross-section. To reduce the degree of opacity, a greater percent of expansion, for example 2000-3000%, will result in less opacity or a radiotranslucent ePTFE. It is also possible to increase the rate of expansion, and/or pulse the expansion to occur in abrupt cycles so as to increase the node to fibril ratio of the resulting ePTFE. This rate and kind of expansion will similarly result in an increase in opacity of the ePTFE product thus formed. Other variations in the process will be apparent to those of skill in the art, and are envisioned as within the scope of the invention.
Referring now to
Although the illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to those precise embodiments, and that various other changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, and it is intended to claim all such changes and modifications to fall within the scope of the invention.
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|Vascular implant
|22 janv. 2013
|4 oct. 2016
|Edwards Lifesciences Cardiaq Llc
|Body cavity prosthesis
|24 juin 2014
|3 janv. 2017
|Edwards Lifesciences Cardiaq Llc
|Vascular implant
|8 févr. 2013
|31 janv. 2017
|Neovasc Tiara Inc.
|Methods and apparatus for engaging a valve prosthesis with tissue
|1 avr. 2014
|21 févr. 2017
|Neovasc Tiara Inc.
|Methods and apparatus for delivering a prosthetic valve to a beating heart
|24 juin 2014
|7 mars 2017
|Edwards Lifesciences Cardiaq Llc
|Vascular implant
|24 nov. 2014
|21 mars 2017
|Edwards Lifesciences Cardiaq Llc
|Delivery system for vascular implant
|5 mars 2014
|20 juin 2017
|Edwards Lifesciences Cardiaq Llc
|Prosthesis with outer skirt and anchors
|17 févr. 2016
|25 juil. 2017
|Neovasc Tiara Inc.
|Sequentially deployed transcatheter mitral valve prosthesis
|4 oct. 2013
|26 sept. 2017
|Neovasc Tiara Inc.
|Transcatheter mitral valve prosthesis
|22 sept. 2005
|30 oct. 2008
|Helmut Goldmann
|Antimicrobial Implant with a Flexible Porous Structure
|Classification aux États-Unis
|623/1.34, 623/1.49, 623/1.13
|Classification internationale
|Classification coopérative
|Classification européenne
|20 déc. 2002
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text:
VIDEO: Dyme-A-Duzin "Swank Sinatra" Feat. Joey Bada$$, Capital STEEZ & CJ Fly
Never mind the Nets, the Beast Coast collective that includes Flatbush Zombies, Pro Era, The Underachievers and now Phony Ppl is the home team that Brooklynites should be rooting for. "Swank Sinatra" is the latest offering from Dyme-A-Duzin's upcoming A Portrait of Donnavan mixtape and on it we get Dymez (of Phony Ppl) with Pro Era's Joey Bada$$, CJ Fly and Capital STEEZ spitting bars back to back on the streets of BK. The rhymes are dope, the beat knock and the energy is fresh. Here's to hoping these crazy ass Crooklyn kids keep putting out quality material like this.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Promise rings are a beautiful reminder of a pledge. Whether your promise is to be true, to look forward to a future together, or to remain chaste, promise rings help you keep your word. Gemvara promise rings are made to order just for you in your choice of gems and precious metals to perfectly symbolize your pledge. Our wide selection of platinum november birthstone antique-inspired promise rings means you can find a style that's perfect for you. Gemvara's antique-inspired jewelry has the individuality and personality of jewelry with a history but the polish, wearability, and craftsmanship of modern pieces. Our promise rings are crafted in the finest materials. The November birthstone, citrine, is a golden quartz cousin of amethyst with a beautiful honey colored glow. Naturally white and exceptionally rare, platinum's 95% purity makes it hypoallergenic too. You'll feel the difference: platinum weighs 40% more than 18k gold.
With a little care, promise rings will wear beautifully. Clean platinum november birthstone antique-inspired promise rings in a bowl of water with a little mild dish soap. You can use a soft brush where dust collects. Gemvara's fine quality platinum november birthstone antique-inspired promise rings are designed to be passed down for generations, hand-made by skilled craftspeople in the United States.
We can help right away. Chat with a jewelry expert now!


text:
A simple nonparametric test for structural change in joint tail probabilities
We propose a new test against a change in the probability of multivariate tail events. The test is based on partial sums of a suitably defined indicator function and detects multiple changes in joint tail probabilities better than a previously suggested competitor.
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Volume (Year): 110 (2011)
Issue (Month): 3 (March)
Pages: 245-247
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- Kristin J. Forbes & Roberto Rigobon, 2002.
"No Contagion, Only Interdependence: Measuring Stock Market Comovements,"
Journal of Finance,
American Finance Association, vol. 57(5), pages 2223-2261, October.
- Kristin Forbes & Roberto Rigobon, 1999. "No Contagion, Only Interdependence: Measuring Stock Market Co-movements," NBER Working Papers 7267, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Campbell, Rachel A.J. & Forbes, Catherine S. & Koedijk, Kees G. & Kofman, Paul, 2008. "Increasing correlations or just fat tails?," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 287-309, March.
- Ang, Andrew & Chen, Joseph, 2002. "Asymmetric correlations of equity portfolios," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(3), pages 443-494, March.
- Ploberger, Werner & Kramer, Walter, 1992. "The CUSUM Test with OLS Residuals," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 60(2), pages 271-285, March.
- Fabio Busetti & Andrew Harvey, 2011. "When is a Copula Constant? A Test for Changing Relationships," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Society for Financial Econometrics, vol. 9(1), pages 106-131, Winter.
- Busetti, F. & Harvey, A., 2008. "When is a copula constant? A test for changing relationships," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 0841, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
- Kramer, Walter & Schotman, Peter, 1992. "Range vs. maximum in the OLS-based version of the CUSUM test," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 40(4), pages 379-381, December.
- Fortin, Ines & Kuzmics, Christoph, 2002. "Tail-Dependence in Stock-Return Pairs," Economics Series 126, Institute for Advanced Studies.
- Sun Wei & Rachev Svetlozar & Stoyanov Stoyan V. & Fabozzi Frank J., 2008. "Multivariate Skewed Student's t Copula in the Analysis of Nonlinear and Asymmetric Dependence in the German Equity Market," Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, De Gruyter, vol. 12(2), pages 1-37, May. Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)
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text:
Bike Entrepreneurs
Now that fossil fuels are really running out, bikes are going to become more popular, more important, and more widely used. This is a great opportunity for bike-lovers to shape the future, and maybe even get rich in the process.
Any creative ideas on new inventions, or new services for bikes/bikers? Here are a few ideas, free for the taking:
A private bike tollway for fast commutes. It was done once before; here's a link:
Service stations for bikes. Places along main roads where they could quickly fix a flat, true a wheel, pump a tire, or adjust brake cables. Good food, better than the 7-11 junk we have to put up with.
Private bike campgrounds. Something like the hiker-biker state park campgrounds you see today, but fully catering to cyclists. Think good, rich food; excellent laundry facilities; showers with high water pressure; massage therapists...
A type of rack or bag that you could use to carry a business suit on a bike, for white-collar bike commuters.
A bike that goes on water. (Not those sluggish paddle boats you rent in parks, but something fast and sleek that runs on your own power)
Bike-specialized travel agencies (you ride a fully loaded bike to the airport, where the agency has pre-arranged for the bike to be packed and put on the plane--oops! No fossil fuels maybe means no planes--and all the fees, customs, etc. are taken care of)
"Tribrids." A vehicle that combines solar power, pedaling, and some kind of stored energy to generate more speed and power, making it possible to haul a huge load or carry passengers, or go for a long distance without exhausting yourself.
"Spot" rentals for bikes-they already have something like this in parts of Europe, which works like the carts at the airport. You put some money in (or swipe a card) and a bike is unlocked from a rack, for you to use as long as you wish. When your done, you return it to a rack in another location, and you get part of your money back.
Endless possibilites for designing new bikes and bike gear, not to mention all kind of books, videos, sporting events, and entertainment.
I've got a few ideas of my own that I'm already working on. Why not find a way to make a good living with something you love?
Most of these services and bike designs are already in existance. ;) That said, there's always room for improvement and new approaches.
I see where you're coming from. Keep thinking laterally, extrapolate on what's out there and hopefully you'll hit the jackpot.
I think that once the oil party is over there is going to be a huge uptake of human powered/electric hybrid ultralight vehichles, but it will be a generational change - they'll be popular with the post-oil generation that will never know gasoline power. Much like today's teenagers don't miss vynil records (rember those?) because they grew up with cd's and i-pods.
I can see the personal transport vehichle of the post-oil future being a very aerodynamically efficient and light monocoque shell of carbon fiber/kevlar in a recumbent tricycle configuration with the top surface being covered in very efficient photovoltaic cells topping up very energy dense batteries (lithium ion polymer?), and an energy recovery braking & downhill coasting system, smart GPS navigation onboard showing the most energy efficient route between you and your destination - linked in with real time traffic density information. An onboard computer to manage your power, with electric assist kicking in up hills, maybe even monitoring your bio signs and providing feedback as to the state of the engine (you). Sounds pretty cool, eh :D
How about a bike hooked up to transport passengers in a sort of cab thing. I think we could call it the pedicab.....
I'd love to see more cities become bike friendly with bike only streets and areas. Rural areas, however, I'm not sure how that's going to work....
A bike roadway would be nice, but I bet you good money that it would turn into a MUP, and between dogwalkers, mommies with strollers, rollerbladers, and everything else in between, it would be a pain to ride and not worth it. And again, bikes would lose out.
Two words ...."fuel cells"
People are thinking: http://www.biketrans.com/
|All times are GMT -6. The time now is 10:12 PM.


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DEL MAR —— Brave souls will usher in the new year with a shivery tradition New Year's Day at the 20th annual Penguin Plunge.
As many as 300 people are expected to celebrate the arrival of 2006 with an plunge into the Pacific Ocean at 11 a.m. Following their brief foray into the chilly waters, survivors will be celebrated with certificates of achievement and free hot coffee, cocoa and doughnuts.
The Penguin Plunge tradition started two decades ago as a way of celebrating opening day of the 2006 swim season. It has grown into a popular event that draws upward of 300 swimmers and 200 spectators.
About half of the swimmers are returning locals and the rest are local first-timers, tourists who come to town for the occasion or holiday visitors who make an impromptu dip after hearing about it from their hotel clerks, said Jim Lischer, sergeant lifeguard for the Del Mar Lifeguard Association.
Local ocean water temperature this year is hovering around 59 degrees, relatively balmy compared with the usual 56 to 57 degrees, Lischer said. Although participants aren't supposed to wear wetsuits, there are no other rules for the Penguin Plunge.
"We don't define a 'plunge.' People don't have to submerge themselves to participate, and they don't have to stay in for more than a second or two if they don't want to," Lischer said. "We just want people to come and celebrate the first day of the year as a community. We've had local families who've been coming together to take the plunge every day for the past 15 years. It's a great tradition."
Penguin Plungers are encouraged to arrive early at Del Mar Lifeguard Association headquarters on 17th Street. Participants will be given a brief water safety lesson and then encouraged to take the plunge. Afterward, they'll receive a certificate for their efforts and free refreshments courtesy of Poseidon Restaurant. For more information, call (858) 755-1556.


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how about a ponyo collab? dou you want to do the line art and i color?
ZorbaX wrote:
nanalucy I can make a lineart of soul eater and you can put the colors??
Sounds lovely. Surprise me with what you draw okay! c:
nanalucy I can make a lineart of soul eater and you can put the colors??
more? C:
Oh wow, haha. I did not even see how old this post was. You probably don't even want to collab anymore. xD
Gah I feel embarrassed for not even looking at the original post date.
I would love for you to do a lineart of my OC Emilia.
http://www.ratemydrawings.com/drawings/ … 29636.html
I don't care how you draw her, hair down hair up, etc. But she usually wears dresses. And her glove is important, if you draw her hands (the glove is always on her left hand). xD
can we do a colab i not sure if you still excepting but i would love to do a collaboration it'll be my first one.
~First let me say I'll do 5 collabs at once cX~
So I wanna collab, and need someone to collab with me.
Any anime is fine you're choice INCLUDES
~Cartton ( ben 10/avatar/legend of Korra /ect.
I will do lineart, or color whatever you choose c:
Things I'm wanting to collab are the following( optional)
Not these ref, but regarding the subject
Ben 10
Soul eater
One Piece
Say I love you
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text:
Hip Hop and Rap beat earning is way much easier considering the help of beat making software. You'd find a way to make your own beats with all the process despite the fact that the choice of the particular beat generating process has to be performed with excellence. For anybody who is smitten by songs then this might be the perfect supply of acquiring your own songs. Several tracks and tunes are often produced easily because of this specific program. Similarly, it'd be easier for you to create digital audio considering the software. But nevertheless, you will need being knowledgeable within the incontrovertible fact that there are various defeat generating systems around in today's times. Consequently, you should have to take into consideration the best functionality even while finding a specific method. You will have the ability to know how to make beats with ease by choosing the right plan. The beat building program need to be crafted in a very way that it won't be hard to the beginners to implement it. It ought to be ideal like a workout software for your first-timers to ensure that you'd give you the option to master effortlessly. User helpful interface is vital in individuals conditions. Equally, you have got to give you the chance to produce terrific superior hip-hop and rap beats.
Moreover, technology of various seems shouldn't be onerous for you and if that you're able to get much simpler keyboard shortcuts for this function then defeat generating can undoubtedly be a simpler knowledge to suit your needs. Drum kits can also be crucial considerations to generally be saved in your mind whereas choosing program. You ought to be getting lots of drum kits for the ease of beat making and this may be highly worthwhile in your case in terms of creating a variety of forms of new music beats. You may even make beats for trance, techno, pop and rap beats considering the guidance of your ideal beat maker software. Importing your own tracks and doing beats should not be a difficulty for you personally as well for anyone who is able to receive the best beat making software. Should you be allowed to achieve significant excellent quality studio beats then this might be the ideal output of the specified beatmaker.
Still, WAV format might also be held in your mind in terms of the output with the sounds. Your conquer earning process need to be able to improvise outputs is recognizable and superior formats. Thereby, WAV structure are generally preferably most appropriate in individuals circumstances. Similarly, for anyone who is a newbie then you might require to acquire steering and aid so that utilization from the program could very well be made more convenient. Step-by-step handbook are usually fantastic in these regards and if that you are in the position to get it with a in depth online video tutorial then elements can undoubtedly be saved in perspectives. Likewise, the price of particular software systems is additionally significant thing to consider that just can't be neglected. But nevertheless, when you're ready to achieve a 100 % free path will offer you then this could be a lot better. This'd assist you to familiarize oneself considering the software and you'd give you the chance to determine that it is very good to suit your needs or not.


text:
Felicidad Doble Recorte Aleación de zinc Marcadores #15919
Comentarios de clientes
Thu C
2014-09-29 01:28:22
I ordered 100 of these as bonbonierre gifts for my guests.
Being a destination wedding with people traveling overseas I didn't want to weight them or me down with lolly jars or live plants etc. Both my fiancé and I love reading so this is a good reflection on us being part Vietnamese. Although these are chinese characters we call it "song hy" which means happiness for both sides of the family specifically for weddings only.
I liked how each box was individually wrapped in plastic. Being mass produced leaves room for minor discrepancies unfortunately. I have only opened about 4 out of 100. Some have defects on it (can see if you really zoom into the image) on one side and the other side is perfectly smooth. Other than that I really like them.
The customer support is fantastic.
2016-11-10 13:02:33
I love the cutting and the Chinese word written as I am a Chinese myself. This is a simple gift, the gold colour add a boost of glamour as well. The items arrive as expected. Just some imperfect finishing on the coating for the items ordered, but cannot complain much with the reasonable price paid.
2015-01-14 02:24:31
Wonderful bookmark!! I love your site! I will buy more items soon!
2015-01-13 17:22:14
I like this bookmark. The design is what i want!
2014-10-20 02:50:58
Everyone loved the item and wants to order from you after seeing these items at the wedding so I have marketed your sight with pleasure as there were no complaints from me at all.
2014-10-20 00:15:06
You are so nice and kind!
2014-05-04 01:08:10
It is truly a great gift. So joyful that I have received the product. Thank you for your quick delivery and warm customer service.
2014-04-24 02:05:30
I don't know about Chinese letters, but I like the letters on the box and I asked the customer service staff and she told me that means a romantic marriage. My wife likes it too because it is so exotic.
2014-04-15 03:03:08
I like the design so much! The quality seems great, and the delivery is prompt. Also, the price of your products is really competitive. I'm ready to order some dresses from you.


text:
Police say a telephone tip led to the arrest of a 20-year-old man they say allegedly fired a gun at an officer and a sergeant in Queens.
Christian Mosquera was charged Wednesday with attempted aggravated murder of a police officer, attempted murder, criminal possession of a weapon and reckless endangerment.
The shooting happened in Elmhurst around 1:45 a.m. on June 21. The officer and sergeant were responding to a report of men trespassing behind an apartment building.
Police say the gunman ignored orders to drop his weapon and fled once the officer and sergeant returned fire.
Officers found a loaded .22-caliber handgun at the scene.
Police offered a $12,000 reward and released surveillance video and Mosquera's photograph in the days after the shooting.
Information on Mosquera's lawyer was not immediately available.


text:
Dishonored - Web Roundup
The Bethblog has a roundup of recent Dishonored articles on the web, including a number we missed. Here's a straight rip of the Bethblog post so you can catch up:
I. Eat. Games – Raphael Colantonio talks about working with Viktor Antonov, non-lethal playthroughs, different endings, and more. To learn more about how decisions impact the game's ending, read this article at The Escapist.
Develop – Art Director Sebastien Mitton discusses how crucial pre-production was to Dishonored's development.
The Penny Arcade Report – Designs decisions relating to supernatural powers and the game's "Chaos" rating are discussed by Harvey and Raf.
Rock, Paper, Shotgun - "It's quite good. Actually, that's unfair. It's better than quite good. And it's making me yearn."
PC Gamer – "Experimentally, I clang my knife against a metal pipe. A second later, the guard comes running down the corridor, passes through the field, and disintegrates into floating, glowing dust. Wow."
OXM UK – New preview shares seven amusing ways to fail completely and die
CVG – "What we're really excited about is delving into a game that delivers bags of player freedom and immense prospects for experimentation, coupled with the tightly focused density of gameplay impossible in vast open world games."
RipTen -"Dishonored's earned its action-stealth label quite a few times over. The blend of skills along with Corvo's array of weapons lends itself perfectly to either kind of play through."
Telegraph UK – "What impressed most about about Dishonored was that the two scenarios were quite clearly two ends of a wide spectrum. How much creativity and impromptu adaptation exist within that range will determine the game's success, and Arkane certainly appear to be offering an impressive palette with which to experiment. That thirst for invention and interpretation, coupled with the creeping atmosphere of Dunwall should make Dishonored a dark horse for the best game of 2012."
Xbox 360 Achievements – "Our first hands-on taste of Dishonored was short, sweet and easy, but it was also utterly brilliant… if I do say so myself. There are so many more powers we could have used throughout the mission as well, including the whirlwind, and we did all that without so much as firing a bullet, just how we like it. And that's the beauty of Dishonored: you can play it exactly how you want, whether that's quiet, loud or a mix of the two."
Information aboutDishonored
SP/MP: Single-player
Setting: Technofantasy
Genre: Shooter-RPG
Platform: PC, Xbox 360, PS3
Release: Released


text:
Istanbul Restaurant charge a 10% Service charge and customers may not take use card on takeaway menu.
Welcome to the Istanbul Restaurant, offering fine quality Turkish and Kurdish cuisine in Southsea Town Centre.
Hidden away, Istanbul Restaurant is a jewel of a venue, located in a prime location in the heart of Southsea Town Centre, just a stone's throw away from all the amenities in the City.
The restaurant is fully licensed and offers a relaxing and quaint dining experience ensuring a meal you will hope to repeat.


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The financial crisis that crippled Brazil in January despite a preemptive international bailout last November further discredits the lending policies of the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the International Monetary Fund (IMF)--policies supporters claimed would solve the global financial crisis. Brazil's inability to avoid devaluating its currency on January 13 confirms lessons the global community should have learned in Asia and Russia last year: The IMF's lending policies harm, rather than help, economies; keep them from instituting sound financial policies on their own; and undermine support for free trade. Instead of continuing support for IMF bailout packages, the Clinton Administration should pursue solutions that specifically address the financial problems in each country.
A Record of Failure.
Following the Asian financial crisis that began in Thailand in July 1997, the IMF orchestrated a succession of bailouts--with President Bill Clinton's enthusiastic support--that totaled over $175 billion in emergency loans to Thailand, South Korea, Indonesia, Russia, and Brazil. U.S. taxpayers underwrote these loans with tens of billions of dollars. The IMF and the Clinton Administration argued that these packages would strengthen the economies of the afflicted countries, prevent their citizens from suffering undue economic hardship, and prevent the spread of the financial crisis to other countries.
The IMF and the Administration were wrong on all counts, however. The global financial crisis continued to expand following the bailouts, undermining world trade and economic growth. Every country under the IMF's financial "guidance" suffered severe economic contraction and plunged hundreds of millions of people back into poverty in a domino effect that threatens economic growth even in the United States.
The IMF's latest victim is Brazil. After the successive failures of IMF loans to arrest financial crises in Asia and Russia, President Clinton proposed in October 1998 the creation of a "new mechanism" to prevent future crises. This new IMF mechanism is to provide billions of dollars in loans to a troubled country before the onset of a crisis. This mechanism represents a significant departure from previous policy because no evidence of a crisis would need to be demonstrated in order to obtain IMF loans; merely the possibility of a crisis would be sufficient.
Brazil is Latin America's largest economy and the eighth largest in the world. It became the first beneficiary of the new mechanism in a $41.5 billion rescue package in November. According to U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Robert Rubin, the package would "guard against financial market contagion" by convincing investors Brazil had more than enough resources to defend its currency--the real--indefinitely. In return, Brazil's government, under President Fernando Henrique Cardoso, agreed to enact a three-year, $84 billion austerity program that included tax increases, government spending cuts, and a firm commitment to preserve the stability of the real.
The new preventive package for Brazil failed to "prevent" a crisis. After receiving over $9 billion of the $41.5 billion, Brazil announced on January 13, 1999, that it would allow the real to trade within a larger band (representing, effectively, a devaluation). On January 15, Brazil abandoned all pretense of supporting the real and allowed the currency to float. During January, the real lost more than 40 percent of its value against the U.S. dollar, and investors took more than $8 billion out of the country. This failure occurred for several reasons:
The initial $9 billion IMF disbursement alleviated the urgency in Brazil to enact reforms.
Brazil's National Congress and state governors enjoy an extraordinary degree of autonomy in dispensing patronage and contracting debt. President Cardoso's promised reforms attacked this system of constitutionally protected political patronage and privilege.
Faced with strong political opposition and an IMF package that made his reforms appear less urgent, President Cardoso failed to exercise leadership and force his reforms through an unwilling legislature.
When Governor Itamar Franco of Minas Gerais declared a 90-day moratorium on paying his state's $15.4 billion debt in early January, investors quickly lost confidence in Brazil's ability to meet its obligations.
In the wake of the real's collapse, Brazil's government is rushing to enact the reforms President Cardoso pledged nearly three months ago. Both houses of the National Congress passed a bill to reform the social security and pension fund systems for public workers, which together account for about half of the government's $64 billion budget deficit (over 8 percent of gross domestic product). Cardoso also proffered to the state governors a plan to restructure their debts--estimated to be more than $85 billion of the $270 billion in total domestic debt--to the federal government if they agreed to downsize their bureaucracies, cut spending, and privatize water and sewage services. Most state governments are controlled by opposition political parties, however, and they do not appear disposed to accept fiscal reforms that threaten their clout.
Implications for the Two Americas.
The crisis in Brazil will hurt the United States, too. More than 2,000 U.S. multinational corporations conduct business in Brazil, with combined direct investment totaling over $30 billion; U.S. banks have some $28 billion at risk. Although Brazil accounts for only 3 percent of total U.S. exports ($16 billion in 1998), over 200,000 jobs inside the United States are at stake. The impact on the United States will worsen if the Brazilian crisis ripples across Latin America. The region's economic growth--forecast at less than 2 percent for 1999--is likely to slow even further. Other countries may devalue their currencies to compete with exports from Brazil. Interest rates, unemployment, and poverty are likely to rise in the region this year, leading many Latin Americans to question the free-market policies that have been blamed--incorrectly--for the crisis.
The record shows that IMF lending practices impose undue hardships on consumers and workers in developing countries. They destroy developing economies, waste U.S. tax dollars, and hurt the economic and security interests of the United States. Instead of relying on an IMF bureaucracy that lacks transparency and accountability, the Clinton Administration should restore the primacy of free trade in U.S. foreign policy: It should reinvigorate the effort to create a Free Trade Area of the Americas in Latin America and promote currency stability through currency boards or adoption of the U.S. dollar. This would lower the risk of financial crises in the future and mitigate the severity of any such crises that may occur; it also would promote economic growth throughout the hemisphere.
Brett D. Schaefer is Jay Kingham Fellow in International Regulatory Affairs and John P. Sweeney is a former Policy Analyst for Latin America in The Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis International Studies Center at The Heritage Foundation.


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See what one Pottery Barn designer recommends for Halloween decorating. Skulls, bats and gourds oh my!
Month: September 2013
Prized Boards: Autumnal Inspiration
Can you feel the crackle of fall in the air? We certain can, which is why we're so excited to be pinning images of pumpkins, mum, leaves and other iconic autumnal imagery on our newest Pinterest board, Autumnal Decorating by Pottery Barn.
5 Fall Party Ideas
As the weather cools off and the leaves begin to change, embrace the fall season for your next celebration!
Get the Look: West Bridge Restaurant's Industrial Chic Design
On our must-dine list at the moment is West Bridge in Cambridge, MA. Head chef Matthew Gaudet made Food & Wine's 2013 Best Chef List, so you know the food is going to be fabulous. We're also pretty smitten with the decor choices, which were curated by crème.
Nailed It! Threaded Wall Art
This DIY threaded heart decor from Handmade Charlotte is definitely pulling at our heartstrings!
This Effortlessly Stylish Bedroom Was a Labor of Love
Kristen Vincent, a family photographer based in San Diego, CA, recently shared these lovely photos of her daughter's room, which she styled with some Pottery Barn pieces as well as a good dose of DIY creativity.
Baby Showers
Colorful Paper Cup Garland
We just love the pop of color this paper cup garland from Julep brings to a child's party!
Monday Giveaway: Win a Halloween Treat Bag For Your Favorite Little Ghoul or Ghost
Do you have a little one in need of a new treat bag for Halloween this year? Today, we've partnered with Pottery Barn Kids to offer 10 lucky Pottery Barn blog winners the chance to win one of the Pumpkin Treat Bags.


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plc (LSE: CSR (News - Alert); NASDAQ: CSRE) is making it far easier for device
manufacturers to deliver multi-room networked home audio products thanks
to the VibeHub
platform, launched today at CES
2014. The platform, available now to developers, will enable
consumers to enjoy synchronized multi-room audio around the home using
its SyncLock technology. This technology enables products to take
content from any local or cloud-based source and create an unparalleled
multi-room audio experience over an existing home Wi-Fi® network.
The VibeHub
platform gives developers a way to create whole home audio systems that
are quick and easy to bring to market. CSR's industry proven technology
can be easily integrated and gives developers flexibility to
differentiate their designs and determine the end-user experience.
The fully featured VibeHub platform can be used to build wireless
speakers, intelligent audio adaptors, networked audio amplifiers and a
wide range of other consumer audio products. These devices can
simultaneously pull content from multiple sources including digital
media servers, Internet radio or cloud services and distribute around
the home autonomously. VibeHub's extensible networking capabilities
enable interoperability with a wide range of today's popular wireless
streaming protocols, including Apple's AirPlay (News - Alert), which means that
consumers aren't limited to buying into a specific ecosystem.
The platform's Bluetooth® capabilities enable consumers to stream audio
from a wide range of mobile devices, making it easy to share music over
the home network to any room without the Bluetooth audio source device
having to join the home Wi-Fi network.
"Consumers want networked audio products that accommodate any input and
music source they want to use, and allow them to listen to different
content in different rooms without any effort," says Anthony Murray,
Senior Vice President, Business Group at CSR. "Building on CSR's strong
audio heritage, we have developed a flexible platform that enables
manufacturers to offer consumers cost-effective whole home audio systems
that 'just work' - giving them the experience they desire."
Key features
CSR is a global provider of innovative silicon and software solutions
for the location-aware, media-rich, cloud-connected world. Our platforms
are optimized for the automotive navigation and infotainment,
digital cameras and imaging, connected home infotainment and wireless
audio markets. We provide solutions to complex problems in the
audio-visual, connectivity and location technology domains across a
broad range of markets, with a technology portfolio that includes GPS/GNSS
systems, Bluetooth®,
Wi-Fi®, FM, NFC, aptX® and CVC™ audio
codecs, JPEG, MPEG, H.264 imaging, PDL printing, microcontrollers,
DSPs and broadband receivers. CSR's technology solutions and market
platforms enable its customers to deliver a superior user experience and
are adopted by leaders in the auto, computer, home and mobile markets.
More information can be found at www.csr.com.
Keep up to date with CSR on our technical
blog or CSR
people blog, YouTube,
or follow us on Twitter at twitter.com/CSR_plc.
CAUTIONARY NOTE ON (News - Alert) FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
This press release contains certain statements (including statements
concerning plans and objectives of management for future operations or
performance, or assumptions related thereto) that are not historical
facts and constitute 'forward looking statements' within the meaning of
the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 in
relation to CSR's VibeHub™ platforms, and their performance
characteristics in consumer electronic products, and other future events
and their potential effects on CSR. These forward-looking statements can
be identified by words such as 'will,' 'can deliver,' 'offers',
'allows', 'to enhance,' 'enables,' 'designed to' and other similar
expressions regarding the performance characteristics of CSR's VibeHub™
platforms,and their performance characteristics in consumer electronics
products, and their potential effects on CSR. Any future release of
CSR's VibeHub™ platforms or consumer electronics products containing
such technology, related products or modifications to such products'
capability, functionality or features are subject to ongoing evaluation
by CSR and its customers, and may or may not be implemented and should
not be considered firm commitments by CSR or its customers and should
not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. Such forward-looking
statements represent the current expectations and beliefs of management
of CSR, and are based upon numerous assumptions regarding CSR's business
strategies and the environment in which CSR will operate and therefore
involve a number of known and unknown risks, contingencies,
uncertainties and other factors, many of which are beyond the control of
CSR, including, but not limited to, those detailed from time to time in
CSR's periodic reports (whether under the caption Risk Factors or
Forward Looking Statements or elsewhere), which are available at the
SEC's (News - Alert) web site http://www.sec.gov.
Each forward looking statement speaks only as of the date hereof. CSR
does not undertake to release publicly any updates or revisions to any
forward looking statements contained herein, otherwise than required by
Bluetooth® and the Bluetooth logos are trademarks owned by Bluetooth
SIG, Inc. and licensed to CSR.
Wi-Fi®, Wi-Fi Alliance (News - Alert)®, WMM®, Wi-Fi Protected Access®, WPA®, WPA2®,
Wi-Fi Protected Setup™ and Wi-Fi Multimedia™ are trademarks of the Wi-Fi
Other products, services and names used in this document may have been
trademarked by their respective owners.
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One of our all-time favorite songs is Neil Young's Cortez the Killer–especially when it's performed by Warren Haynes and Scott Metzger (who also happens to have written the Official Trans-Americas Journey Road Trip Theme Song which you can listen to on our homepage). Anyway, in Veracruz State we got to see another side of legendarily brutal Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortés when we visited two of the first areas he settled in what was then called New Spain.
First we drove through Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz where Cortés landed in 1519. The name "Villa Rica" (rich village) referred to the gold that was found there and Vera Cruz (true cross) was added because Cortés and his gang landed on Good Friday.
Honestly, there's not much to see in Villa Rica today except the ruined outline of the stone foundation of a fort perched on a spot which, to us, didn't seem to afford a particularly advantageous view of the sea. That may help explain why, just a few years after settling Villa Rica, Cortés moved his whole operation down the road. The area, now known as La Antigua, is considered to be the first official town in the mainland New World.
Today, La Antigua is a typically small and sleepy Mexican town that just happens to be home to what remains of some of the continent's earliest colonial history.
Like any self-respecting Spanish conquistador, Cortés immediately set about building a church as soon as he got to La Antigua (God being second only to Gold). The Ermita del Rosario church, built in 1523, still stands and is the oldest church in the mainland New World. La Antigua also has the Edificio del Cabildo. Built in the early 1500s it's the first town hall in the mainland New World.
With a church and municipal buildings under way, Cortés set about building a Customs House and Armory. Time (and incredibly determined tree roots) have left very little of the structure, which is now known as Casa de Cortés, standing. The walls that are still visible reveal a beautiful and unique form of construction which used a mix of stones, big hunks of coral and bricks from Spain which were brought to the New World as ballast on Spanish ships sent to pick up gold from the New World.
In the late 1500s the Spanish needed an even bigger port so they shifted their focus and returned to Cortés' original landing spot where they settled Puerto Veracruz. The city remains a bustling port city which we'll explore in our next post (hint: it's got way more to offer than just the world's second biggest Carnaval celebration).


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Smith Optics Upstart Jr Snow Helmet - Blue WrestlersProduct ID# 1033909
We'll beat any lower price by 10%
The Upstart Jr. helmet is a modernized version of the traditional full-shell junior helmet. It's clean, cool, hip, and includes the AirEvac design to maximizes goggle airflow and reduce fogging, Bombshell ABS Construction for durability, and a super soft, fleeced Tricot lining for maximum warmth and comfort. The Smith Helmet Fit System (HFS) to ensure a correct and comfortable fit completes the package. Small is 48-53cm; Medium is 53-58cm.See Details
Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought
Product Details
Questions From Buyers
Tell me more about the Smith Helmet Fit System (HFS).
It's a self-centering, pinch and pull system with three attachment points for easy operation. Tightened correctly, the soft, flexible plate and liner system inside the helmet makes contact with the back of the head for a snug, comfortable fit.
What is Bombshell ABS Construction?
Bombshell Construction features injection molded ABS shells made to withstand high impacts and offer unparalleled durability. ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) is a type of plastic known for its high mechanical and impact strength.
What is AirEvac?
It's a combination of chimney vents and under-shell vent channels used to actively pull hot air out of user's goggles to prevent fogging and increase ventilation.
Prices and Availability
The chart provides price, UPC, and availability data.
In Stock - ships immediately
Out of Stock - we may get more but it is not currently on order with the manufacturer.
Backordered - we have the product on order with the manufacturer and expect to ship the product by the date indicated
Sold Out - we are sold out and will not receive any more.
You can still order a backordered item. It will simply ship when we receive the item from the manufacturer. Or you can choose to be notified when we get more in stock by selecting the Notify Me link in the Notify column. That way we will email you when we receive more and have fulfilled all backorders.
|$49.95 Sale $39.95
|Sold Out
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The Day of the Peacock : Style for Men 1963 - 73 Hardback
by Geoffrey Aquilina Ross, Christopher Breward
In the 1960s men's fashion witnessed an extraordinary rebirth that led to lasting social, cultural and commercial change - what media commentators came to coin the Peacock Revolution. "The Day of the Peacock" takes a fascinating look at the shops, celebrity photographers, tailors and fashionable dressers who made up the scene - all illustrated with photographs, outfits and ephemera drawn from the V&A's superb archives.
Broad in range and scope, and neatly evoking the 60s atmosphere of optimism and opportunity, the author looks at the era's most dashing figures - including John Stephen, Tommy Nutter, Cecil Beaton,Mick Jagger and Patrick Lichfield - and discusses such iconic shops as Granny takes a Trip, Blades, Hung on You and Mr Fish.
This richly illustrated personal memoir evokes a definitive break from the past - from a time when one could invariably guess a man's occupation from how he dressed, to a time when a man might make dressing himself his occupation.
- Format: Hardback
- Pages: 144 pages, 150 colour illustrations
- Publisher: V & A Publishing
- Publication Date: 21/02/2011
- Category: History of fashion
Free Home Delivery
on all orders
Pick up orders
from local bookshops


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Apparently the future wasn't now for the Edmonton Oilers.
Heading into the season, the bar was set high -- in large part due to the play of their rookies the previous year.
But perhaps masked in that late surge of 2008 was the fact the club set an NHL record for shootout wins in a season, and the team played without the burden of expectations down the stretch.
"The year started with a lot of promise and maybe with some false hope, based on how we played last year," said head coach Craig MacTavish.
"I think the 19 overtime wins probably inflated our expectations a little going into the year.
"Our expectations were high based on the way our young players developed and the additions we made. Erik Cole was highly sought after, and for whatever reason was not a good fit here on our first line and that hurt us."
Lost in the disappointment of another spring without playoff hockey in the city is that they are still very much a young team.
The majority of players the Oilers were counting on to get them into the post-season, weren't even in the league during their run to the Stanley Cup final three years ago.
Yet it's that sophomore group of players that will eventually be responsible for snapping the playoff drought.
"I don't know if expectations were too high," said winger Robert Nilsson. "You're always going to have high expectations on yourself. You're supposed to have high expectations.
"The way we played last season was the way we wanted to play the whole year. All of us young guys have been up and down this year. We knew it wasn't going to be easier this year. I don't think it's bad to come into a year with a positive attitude, but it did affect us not getting off to a better start."
Perhaps the biggest load to bear coming into the season was on Sam Gagner and Andrew Cogliano.
All the dynamic duo were asked about going into the season was how they would avoid the sophomore jinx. And despite doing everything they could in the off-season to evade the pitfalls of a second-year player, both struggled.
Neither was able to match their offensive totals from their rookie season.
"I felt like this year I came in physically stronger, I felt really good on the ice and for me next year, I just have to work on maybe the mental side of the game a little bit more," Gagner said.
"In the first part of the season I felt I was playing well, but when the points weren't coming I started to panic and got off my game. It didn't go well from there so I just want to continue to focus on getting mentally stronger and getting better and better every year. It's just too bad that it's over this early."
Gagner, 19, is going to be a star in the league as evidenced by his 22 points in his final 22 games, which included his first career hat-trick.
"You want to be a guy that can play well at the end of the season when it matters," he said. "It obviously felt pretty good for me to turn it around."
On the back end, both Tom Gilbert and Denis Grebeshkov took strides in their development. Both improved on their point totals from last year, although Gilbert was unable to match his 13 goals from his rookie season.
"I just felt more comfortable out there," Gilbert said. "Having a full year under my belt helps. The game slows down for you, you adjust to it, you learn things from every game. I took a lot from last year and brought it into this year.
"Goals were down for me, I missed too many open nets which was the thing for me. But I'm still learning, there are still things that I have to improve in my game. So I have to go back this summer and keep working on things."
Grebeshkov also has some work to do to become an elite defenceman. However, despite at times driving his coaches crazy, he still showed vast improvement.
"For myself, I thought it went pretty well," he said. "For me personally, it was my best season. I hope to do better next season. I know the expectations for me next season will be higher."


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A real turkey
Editor's note: Do you need something to smile about? Every day, WND selects the best joke offered up by readers and contributors to its Laughlines forum and brings it to you as the WND Joke of the Day. Here is today's offering:
An archaeologist was digging in the Negev Desert in Israel and came upon a casket containing a mummy. After examining it, he called the curator of a prestigious natural-history museum.
"I've just discovered the 3,000-year-old mummy of a man who died of heart failure!" the excited scientist exclaimed.
To which the curator replied, "Bring him in. We'll check it out."
A week later, the amazed curator called the archaeologist. "You were right about the mummy's age and cause of death. How in the world did you know?"
"Easy. There was a piece of paper in his hand that said, '10,000 shekels on Goliath.'"
Got a great joke you want to share with the world? Write it up in the WND
Laughlines forum. Who knows? It might be selected as the WND Joke of the Day – and your wildest dreams will come true.


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The Texas Longhorns entered Saturday afternoon with a 20-game winning streak against the Baylor Bears. In the initial 15-minutes of the game, it looked as though the nearly decade long winning stre...
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The San Diego Section playoffs brought a major shakeup to the boys high school basketball Top 10.
Open Division champion La Costa Canyon (26-4) jumped to No. 1 from No. 5, receiving 10 of 13 first-place votes in the final voting.
St. Augustine (28-3), which lost to La Costa Canyon 62-60 in the Open Division final, went from No. 1 to No. 2.
Mater Dei Catholic (28-2), the Division II champion, dropped to No. 3 from No. 2 despite getting three first-place votes and winning all four of its playoffs games.
Sweetwater (27-1), which was No. 3, fell to No. 7 after losing to Kearny in the Division III final.
Kearny (23-2) went from No. 10 to No. 5 after beating Sweetwater to win the Division III title.
El Camino (27-4) lost in the Open Division semifinals to La Costa Canyon 62-61 in overtime and stayed at No. 4.
Torrey Pines (26-5) lost in the Open Division semis and stayed at No. 6.
Parker (24-5) lost to Mater Dei in the Division II final and stayed at No. 8.
Morse (18-12) was a 12th seed entering the playoffs, but won four games to take the Division I title and move in at No. 9.
San Marcos (21-9), which lost to Morse in the Division I title game, moved in at No. 10.