text:
Pekin Lilac 'China Snow'
Syringa pekinensis
|Oleaceae (oh-lee-AY-see-ee) (Info)
|Syringa (si-RING-gah) (Info)
|pekinensis (pee-keen-EN-sis) (Info)
|China Snow
Foliage Color:
Bloom Characteristics:
This plant is attractive to bees, butterflies and/or birds
Flowers are fragrant
Water Requirements:
Average Water Needs; Water regularly; do not overwater
Where to Grow:
15-20 ft. (4.7-6 m)
12-15 ft. (3.6-4.7 m)
USDA Zone 3a: to -39.9 �C (-40 �F)
USDA Zone 3b: to -37.2 �C (-35 �F)
USDA Zone 4a: to -34.4 �C (-30 �F)
USDA Zone 4b: to -31.6 �C (-25 �F)
USDA Zone 5a: to -28.8 �C (-20 �F)
USDA Zone 5b: to -26.1 �C (-15 �F)
USDA Zone 6a: to -23.3 �C (-10 �F)
USDA Zone 6b: to -20.5 �C (-5 �F)
USDA Zone 7a: to -17.7 �C (0 �F)
USDA Zone 7b: to -14.9 �C (5 �F)
Sun Exposure:
Full Sun
Bloom Color:
Bloom Time:
Mid Spring
Other details:
Soil pH requirements:
6.1 to 6.5 (mildly acidic)
6.6 to 7.5 (neutral)
7.6 to 7.8 (mildly alkaline)
Patent Information:
Propagation Methods:
From softwood cuttings
By simple layering
Seed Collecting:
N/A: plant does not set seed, flowers are sterile, or plants will not come true from seed
This plant has been said to grow in the following regions:
Peoria, Illinois
Clermont, Kentucky
Georgetown, Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky
Louisville, Kentucky
Union, Kentucky
Lovell, Wyomingshow all
Gardeners' Notes:
On May 9, 2016, lilacmystery from Lovell, WY wrote:
We live in the Big Horn Basin of northern WY - high altitude, dry desert and surrounded by mtns. I had two China Snow Peking Lilacs growing for 6, 7 years and had no idea what they were til this week when they began to flower! Had to ask around to find out what it was as I'd never seen one or heard of one before. It is thriving here, growing like a weed! We have a very dry climate, cold winters and springs, yet fairly mild. Just thought you'd like to know it can and will grow it WY!! - AKM
On Sep 5, 2015, braun06 from Peoria Heights, IL (Zone 5b) wrote:
I received this plant as a multistem 30" plant at the end of June. Currently it has grown an amazing 3' more and keeps on growing with no abate. I used a balanced fertilizer when I planted. I didn't realize it would grow so quickly.
On Jan 1, 2011, can2grow from Valparaiso, FL (Zone 8b) wrote:
Cannot rate fairly as I have no experience growing this lilac. However, I find different entries for the common name. Is it a Peking lilac or a Pekin lilac? USDA, The University of North Carolina, and other reputable sources say "Peking."
On Nov 4, 2006, Nkytree from Burlington, KY wrote:
This tree is performing admorably at Boone County Arboretum- Union, KY: http://www.bcarboretum.org. As these are planted next to Ivory Silk Japanses Lilac you can definitely see the difference, and quite frankly they blow Ivory Silk out of the water when it comes to bark. It will be interesting to see how they compare with age (these are young trees).
On Feb 6, 2006, ViburnumValley from Scott County, KY (Zone 5b) wrote:
The China Snow tree lilac is a small tree that rewards greatly with minimum effort. This tree grows vigorously in normal soil and normal moisture and is tolerant of poorer soils and droughty conditions; seems to have few if any pests; flowers well in summer when there are relatively few plants of its stature that bloom; and has an exceptional exfoliating exoskeleton (OK, bark).


text:
- 1⁄2 c
- peanut butter (plus 2 tablespoons, see note)
- 2 t
- vanilla extract
- 1 1⁄4 c
- chickpeas (canned, drained, rinsed, and patted dry)
- 1⁄4 c
- honey (or agave or maple syrup)
- 1 t
- baking powder
- pn
- salt (use only if your peanut butter is unsalted)
- 1⁄2 c
- chocolate chips (vegan)
Grain-, egg-, and dairy-free, with chickpeas as a main ingredient, these cookies are an unlikely internet sensation, and surprisingly decadent!
Preheat oven to 350˚F. Line a baking sheet with a Silpat or parchment paper.
Place the chickpeas, vanilla extract, peanut butter, honey or agave, baking powder, and salt in the bowl of a food processor. Process until very smooth, scraping down the sides periodically. Add the chocolate chips, and either fold to combine, or pulse one or two times. The dough will be very thick and sticky.
With wet hands, form the dough into 1 1/2" balls, and arrange on the prepared baking sheet. Bake 10 minutes. The cookie bites will still be very soft when you take them out of the oven. Place on a wire rack to cool.
Cookie bites will keep stored in an airtight container at room temperature or in the fridge for 1 week.
Only use natural peanut butter.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
An Amber Alert issued in Eastern New York is canceled.
Authorities in eastern New York had issued an Amber Alert for a father they say took his child from daycare after a physical fight with the mother and the alert was extended into Connecticut, according to state police.
Police said Frederick McCluskey, 27, abducted his 4-year-old son, also named Frederick, just before 9 a.m. on Friday in the Ulster County town of Marlboro and has threatened to hurt himself or the child.
The child is safe and the father is in custody, according to police. No information was immediately available on where the father and son were found.
Authorities said McCluskey was driving a red, 2-door 1989 Honda Civic hatchback with the New York plate FHX9276.
Marlboro is located about 45 miles north and west of Danbury.
More information will be posted once it becomes available.


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(1957) Beverly Garland plays an undercover police woman in this syndicated cop series that was filmed in New York City. Casey Jones' assignment to fight crime often entails her going undercover in some of the seediest and most dangerous parts of the city.
Vol. 1: Stranglehold
10/14/1957. Casey moves into a seedy rooming house to try to befriend a woman whose former boyfriend was a suspect in a jewel robbery.
First episode in the series.
To Trap a Thief 11/4/1957. A policeman is accused of stealing $10,000.
Across the World 2/24/1958. A shipping executive is murdered and Casey goes undercover as the dead woman's niece.
The Shadow of Van Gogh 6/2/1958. Casey investigates art swindlers.
Vol. 2:The Sound of Tears
4/14/1958. Casey is suspicious when a woman is accused of killing her fiancee.
Fiesta at Midnight 5/19/1958. Casey must find the witness who can prove a Puerto Rican man is innocent of robbery and murder.
Night Light 5/12/1958. A movie star's chauffer is suspected of stealing a necklace.
Earthbound Satellite 1/8/1959. Casey Jones tries to solve a case involving a gambling socialite.
Vol. 3:
The Come Back
6/23/1958. Casey attempts to expose the leader of a counterfeiting ring.
Tin Pan Payoff 6/9/1958. A philandering songwriter is murdered.
Blind Date 6/6/1958. Casey poses as an accident victim who was carrying stolen money.
The Gentle Gunman 11/19/1958. Casey sets out to smash an illegal-weapons racket.
Vol. 4: Saturday Lost
11/4/1957. A policeman is accused of stealing $10,000.
Ladies Man 2/24/1958. A shipping executive is murdered and Casey goes undercover as the dead woman's niece.
High Swing 11/18/1957. The bankbook of a dead college basketball player indicates a possible involvement with racketeers.
First Arrest 6/2/1958. Casey investigates art swindlers.
Vol. 5: Cry Revenge
11/12/1958. Protecting a mother and daughter from gangsters, Casey becomes involved with their problems.
The Challenger 4/22/1959. Casey must help an up and coming boxer and his wife avoid the clutches of a mobster .
The Showplace Casey takes a job as a night-club entertainer to solve a murder case.
The Lost Ones Last episode. Casey stumbles onto a case when she goes to visit a girl she once arrested and tried to help.


text:
ISLAMABAD: The Supreme Court on Monday sought a report over the payments released to the independent power producers (IPPs) during the hearing over the suo moto notice taken of prolonged and un-announced loadhedding in the country , DawnNews reported.
A three-member bench of the apex court comprising of Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, Justice Ijaz Ahmed Chaudhry and Justice Gulzar Ahmed heard the case .
During the hearing, the chief justice remarked that despite the release of payment made by the government to IPPs there was no significant change in the supply of electricity.
On a bench's query regarding the supply and demand of electricity to the port city of Karachi, Managing Director Pakistan Electric Power Company (Pepco) Zargham Ishaq Khan apprised the bench that Karachi Electric Supply Corporation (KESC) was an independent private company and does not fall under the umbrella of PEPCO.
He further said that PEPCO had an agreement of providing 650 Megawatts to KESC while rest of the electricity was generated by the KESC by itself adding that the KESC also had as many as three Independent Power Plants working for the generation of electricity.
"If KESC is generating to meet its demand, this is commendable," the Chief Justice remarked.
However, the bench issued notice to the Chief Executive Officer KESC to present report regarding the supply, generation and demand of electricity for Karachi.
Meanwhile, the bench noted that there was a dire need to overcome the power theft in many areas of the country.
The bench remarked that those who pay their bills regularly should not suffer because of electricity and gas thieves.
Later, the bench summoned chief secretaries of all the four provinces, finance secretary and the CEO of KESC.
The bench also directed the chief secretaries to appear before the court or have the respective Advocate Generals appear on their behalf.
The court stated that equal distribution of gas should be ensured and theft should be stopped.
Meanwhile, the bench also sought details of gas distribution and theft from the MDs of Sui Southern and Sui Northern Gas companies and adjourned further hearing of the case till July 11.


text:
Squaw Valley USA announces two new discount vacationpackages designed to make an April or May visit to Squaw Valley, "NorthAmerica's Spring Skiing Capital," fun and inexpensive. Spring at SquawValley USA blends the best of both worlds, excellent spring conditions withwarm California sunshine.
Take advantage of convenient ski-in, ski-out lodging in a studio with akitchenette at the elegant four-diamond Squaw Valley Lodge for $91 perperson, per night. This Package includes two nights of lodging, two days ofskiing and snowboarding (lift tickets) and unlimited use of the High CampSwimming Lagoon & Spa each day. Valid seven days a week April 7 through theend of the ski season (scheduled for May 27, 2002) and based on doubleoccupancy.
Experience a touch of luxury at the PlumpJack Squaw Valley Inn this springfor only $93 per person, per night when you visit midweek or $123 perperson, per night if you stay on a Friday and Saturday. Package includes twonights lodging and two days of skiing and riding (lift tickets) plus acomplete Mountain Breakfast and unlimited use of the High Camp SwimmingLagoon & Spa each day. Valid April 7, 2002 through the end of the ski season(scheduled for May 27, 2002) and based on double occupancy.
Squaw Valley Central Reservations can customize a spring vacation package tomeet any budget. For more information and reservations contact Squaw ValleyCentral Reservations at 800-545-4350 or visit www.squaw.com. Packages do notinclude sales tax and are subject to availability. Other restrictions mayapply.


text:
New wall coverings can transform a room, taking it from boring to beautiful. But before you can determine the best approach to removing your old wallpaper, you need to know the type of wall covering and the type of wall surface that's underneath. The cost of removing old wallpaper depends on a number of different factors
What kind of walls do you have?In most cases, walls are either drywall or plaster. You can usually tell what you have by the feel (plaster is harder, colder, and smoother than drywall) or by tapping on it (drywall sounds hollow, and plaster doesn't). When in doubt, remove an outlet cover to see the exposed edges.
It is important to know what type of wall you have, since drywall is more susceptible to water damage. So before determining the best way to remove wall coverings it is important to know how much moisture your walls can take. Since the cost of wallpaper removal is largely dependent on the time that it takes, the type of walls that you have are important.
What kind of wall covering do you have?You may be lucky and have dry strippable paper. This makes removal very simple, faster and cheaper! If you can peel a small corner of your wall covering and peel it back easily, then you have dry strippable wall coverings and removal will be fast and easy. If the wall covering doesn't come off, or if only the top coating comes off, then you will need more invasive removal techniques
Wall covering removal techniques: Dry-strippingIf wallpaper is dry-strippable, you just need to loosen each strip at the corners with a putty knife and slowly peel it back at a 10- to 15-degree angle. Don't pull the wallpaper straight out or you may damage the underlying surface, especially if it's drywall. Dry strippable wallpaper will be the most affordable to have removed.
Wall covering removal techniques: Soaking and scraping it offFor non dry strippable wall coverings the surface can be soaked with warm water and wall paper solvent and then peeled off in a similar manner. If you have drywall, it is important that the wall not be soaked with water.
Wall covering removal techniques: Steaming it offIf you must remove more than one layer of wall-paper or remove wallpaper that has been painted over. And if the wallpaper was not applied to a properly sealed surface, removing it without damaging the wall can be next to impossible. For these tough jobs a wallpaper steamer is necessary.
Although you can use a steamer and wallpaper scraper with relative confidence on plaster walls, use caution on drywall, which is much more vulnerable to water damage and is more easily gouged.
LaborEach of these types of wallpaper removal will take different lengths of time. Most professionals would charge by the hour for this type of job and should be able to quote an estimated price ahead of time based on the size of the room and the type of paper being removed.
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just won't to hire someone
I just got a tele. call from a Steven Perez of European Craft Master ..I do not see him on your list.
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I wonder how much would it cost to remove wallpaper from my master bathroom and then paint it?
I have one bedroom to work on. Wonder how much it would cost. I can do it myself, but it is hard work. Would like to check out hiring a contractor. Even tho it's a really small job.
After reading your article on painting interior and wallpaper removal, I will pursue a local handyman or do the job myself.


text:
Issue No. 02 - April-June (2005 vol. 4)
pp: 60-66
DOI Bookmark: http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MPRV.2005.44
Richard Sharp , Intel Research Cambridge
David Scott , Fraser Research
Anil Madhavapeddy , University of Cambridge
Eleanor Toye , Intel Research Cambridge
Using smart-phones to access site-specific mobile services can offer users enhanced functionality (for example, personalization and increased access to mobile content) while reducing service deployment and maintenance costs. The authors present the Mobile Service Toolkit (MST), a client-server framework supporting the development of mobile services that interact with users? smart-phones. As case studies, they present two prototype services implemented on top of the MST: a virtual queuing service and a vacation browsing service.
Situated mobility, Personalisation, Privacy Policy, Camera Phone, Visual Tag, Service Discovery
Richard Sharp, David Scott, Anil Madhavapeddy, Eleanor Toye, "Using Smart Phones to Access Site-Specific Services", IEEE Pervasive Computing, vol. 4, no. , pp. 60-66, April-June 2005, doi:10.1109/MPRV.2005.44


text:
1000 Voices by Ctrl.Alt.Shift
The voices of political refugees being treated like the political prisoners from where they escaped
1000 Voices is a short film selected to be viewed at the Dallas Video Fest 24 by Bart Weiss.
Ctrl.Alt.Shift is a movement for a new generation fighting social and global injustice. These films were made by members of the community to raise awareness of issues they care about.
Writer and Director: Tim Travers Hawkins
Mentor: Chris Harding (Shynola)
Music: Jesca Hoop
Voice of Bureaucrat: Adam Buxton
A verbose and politically correct bureaucrat gives a lecture to a group of teenagers on the merits of the UK's efficient and humane asylum system, whilst meanwhile, in the same building, detainees, imprisoned indefinitely in different 'Removal Centres' across the UK, leave messages in vain on an abandoned telephone answering machine in the ministry basement. Their messages detail the horror of the life that they have escaped due to conflict.


text:
Nels and I should be at 15th St and Hill Road just past noon, then will pedal over
to Rocky Canyon and give that a go.
If anyone wants to ride you can meet up there, or anywhere along Fort St.
Or if you want us to wait somewhere along the way for you, give a shout here...
Hoping RC will be somewhat dry.
Results 1 to 2 of 2


text:
Singapore - Oil prices fell in Asian afternoon trade on Wednesday, with investor sentiment weighed by fears over Greece's deepening debt crisis and a downgrade of global energy demand.
New York's main contract, light sweet crude for delivery in October, was down $1.48 to $88.73 a barrel in afternoon trade, and Brent North Sea crude for October settlement eased 59 cents to $111.30.
"With the Greek risk overhanging the market, prices have been very edgy, very jumpy," said Nick Trevethan, senior commodities strategist at ANZ Research in Singapore.
On Tuesday, Germany, France and Greece agreed to hold a fresh round of talks on the crisis after US President Barack Obama urged greater efforts to calm volatile markets.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel, French President Nicolas Sarkozy and Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou will hold a teleconference Wednesday.
Merkel had earlier sought to soothe traders' fears over Greece, stressing that everything would be done to avoid an "uncontrolled insolvency" and emphasising the eurozone would remain intact.
Efforts to increase crude production by Libya following the ouster of Muammar Gaddafi remain under threat after forces loyal to the fallen dictator attacked oil infrastructure on Monday, analysts said.
The International Energy Agency on Tuesday revised its expectations of Libyan crude production capacity from zero to between 350 000 and 400 000 barrels per day by the end of 2011, rising to 1.1 million by the fourth quarter of 2012.
"However, if the attack by pro-Kadhafi forces on oil infrastructure on Monday marked a shift in tactics, it will put the Libyan production at risk," Trevethan said.
Gaddafi, wanted for alleged crimes against humanity by the International Criminal Court, remains in hiding but many of his inner circle and one of his sons have fled to neighbouring Niger.
Expected lower energy demand due to the poor economic climate is also dampening sentiment.
The Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries said demand for this year is expected to be 87.99 million barrels per day (bpd), down from a previous estimate of 88.14 million bpd.
For 2012, demand is expected to average 89.26 million bpd, down from the August estimate of 89.44 million bpd, Opec said.


text:
Jim Stevenson, was born in Rutherglen and educated at Stonelaw High School. He attended Motherwell College of Further Education where he studied engineering. Jim retired from his post as a local government officer with Glasgow City Council in 2012.
Jim played rugby with Rutherglen, Cambuslang and Dalziel rugby clubs and represented both Glasgow and District Union and Lanarkshire during a career spanning over thirty years. He served as President of Cambuslang RFC for many years and he is a past Board member on the Glasgow District Board.
Jim served as the Premier 3 representative on Council in 2005-07 and as President of the Scottish Rugby Union in 2008-09 and 2009-10.
Jim is a Trustee of the Murrayfield Centenary Fund.
© Copyright Scottish Rugby Union plc 2017. www.scottishrugby.org is the official website of Scottish Rugby and the Scotland international teams


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 16, 2011
|Filing date
|Dec 18, 2006
|Priority date
|Sep 13, 2006
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Bryan W. Godwin, James M. Canter, William Hamilton Harris, Jr.
|Original Assignee
|Crane Merchandising Systems, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (204), Non-Patent Citations (26), Referenced by (2), Classifications (4), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is related to and claims the benefit of Provisional Application No. 60/825,541, filed Sep. 13, 2006, which is incorporated by reference herein.
The present disclosure is related to the field of machine to machine technology and, more particularly, field assets employed in machine to machine environments and, still more particularly, the manner in which field assets present information to consumers and other users.
Machine to machine (M2M) technology refers generally to the ability of machines, devices, and assets, particularly those that are distributed or remote, to exchange information with people and/or with a corporate management system. Although a precise definition of M2M is difficult to formulate, M2M generally encompasses the use of telemetry via networks including, but not limited to, public wireless networks.
Historically, telemetry systems were limited to applications for conglomerates and other well financed organizations. Large oil and gas companies and electric utilities, through the use of extensive customer built dedicated data networks, were among the first private organizations to use telemetry widely. More recently, however, the cost of access to public wireless data networks has been dropping while the capabilities of these networks has been increasing thus making M2M concepts feasible for a much larger audience.
The M2M systems described herein generally include remotely located machines or devices referred to as field assets. Although field assets may encompass any variety of specific types of machines (oil rigs, cellular phone system base stations, ATM machines, and weather monitors), the specific embodiments described herein are in the field of vending machines. Vending machines are unmanned, electro-mechanical devices that dispense products including consumable products such as soft drinks and snack foods in exchange for cash (e.g., coins or bills) or cashless (credit card, debit card, smart card, RFID payment). Vending machines are generally deployed as remotely located field assets by a company that manages a plurality of such devices.
Field assets such as vending machines are generally operated by a consumer or other human agent interacting with a particular field asset. Vending machines for example, dispense a product such as a soft drink or other consumable product when a consumer interacts with the vending machines by presenting a form of payment and making a product selection. Historically, however, the extent of interaction between consumers and vending machines has been extremely limited and strictly functional. As an example, the type, amount, and format of information that vending machines have traditionally provided to consumers is limited to information such as "Exact Change Only," "Make Selection," or "Make A Different Selection." Some relatively recent vending machine models may include a rudimentary display device capable, for example, of displaying these textual message to a consumer via an LCD display.
The limited amount and type of information that traditional vending machines are able to convey to consumers is notable in contrast to the amount and sophistication of the marketing that is characteristic of many products sold in vending machines. Consumers are presented with all manner of marketing and promotional material from the distributors of soft drinks, snack foods, and other products consumers may associate with vending machines. Television commercials, TV and movie tie-ins, billboards, banner ads on the Internet, magazine ads, and the like are all familiar to consumers. These advertisements and other promotional material are usually highly rich in graphic content. It would be desirable to extend the ability to present consumers with multimedia and other rich content promotional matter to the point of purchase.
In accordance with teachings of aspect of the present disclosure, a field asset includes a graphical display device suitable for displaying rich content multimedia and a content management agent (CMA) enabled to manage the presentation of rich content messages to a consumer. The CMA may receive signals or information from other agents of the field asset. The CMA may, for example, receive information indicative of the stage in a transaction process in which a consumer is currently engaged as well as information indicative of a state of the field asset. The field asset state, for example, may indicate the stock of products that is currently in the field asset, the pricing for the products, and environmental factors, such as the time and date information, geographical location, weather information, and other information that might have an influence on a consumer's purchasing decisions.
The CMA may operate by responding to the received signals by instructing a rich content player application to display or play a rich content file and display the contents of the file on the graphical display device. The CMA may by guided in its instruction of the rich content player application by referring to a structural file, such as an XML file, that is indicative of the content that is to be displayed during specified transaction stages and field asset states.
Rich content is stored on or downloaded to the field asset and is available for execution under appropriate direction from the CMA. The CMA itself enables targeted interaction with the consumer and with the general public during periods when the field asset is not engaged in a purchasing transaction. The targeted interaction with the consumer may be in various forms such as graphical advertising including advertising for products provided by the field asset as well as third party advertisements under appropriate circumstances, electronic coupons and other discount promotions, incentive programs to influence purchasing decisions based on, for example, time/date/location. The CMA also enables the implementation of rich content and interactive loyalty programs, sweepstakes, contents, and other rewards. The field asset and the CMA may also facilitate consumer surveys or other forms of consumer feedback.
Technical benefits of the present disclosure include the ability to provide targeting and graphical rich content to a consumer at the point of sale in a vending machine environment. The use of XML to define the precise implementation enables developers to concentrate on providing the rich content and determining when and to whom to present the available content. The CMA controls the presentation of media through a file having a defined format and structure by with sufficient flexibility to support the specific interactive and/or rich content vending experience. Moreover, by leveraging existing rich media content players (e.g., Flash� Player from Adobe, Quicktime� player from Apple, etc.), the field asset provider is able to concentrate on providing a CMA that supports the broadest range of functionality and using a content format that is widely recognized and for which a pervasive development community and body of knowledge exists.
Another aspect of the present disclosure is implemented as a computer program product, which is computer readable instructions (software) stored on a computer readable medium, for managing the presentation of rich content messages to a consumer in a vending machine or other remotely located field asset environment. In this implementation, the computer program product includes instructions to detect a stage of a transaction, instructions to detect a state of the vending machine or other field asset, and instructions for initiating execution of rich content by a rich content view or player in response to the transaction stage and machine state. The transaction stage may represent the stage of purchase that a consumer who uses a cashless form of payment is in. In this embodiment, the CMA may receive signals indicative of the transaction stage from a cashless agent. The cashless agent and the CMA may reside physically within non volatile storage of an extended functionality adapter (EFA) of the vending machine. The EFA in one embodiment is connected to a multi drop bus (MDB) of the vending machine or other field asset.
A further aspect of the present disclosure encompasses a method of managing a transaction with a consumer by a remotely located field asset. Initially, the field asset is in an idle state, awaiting the initiation of a transaction by a consumer. The CMA may display a series of one or more rich content messages (e.g., multimedia clips) while the machine is in the idle stage. The multimedia clips may be varied depending, for example, on the time of day (e.g., encouraging the use of coffee substitutes in the morning).
Upon initiation of a transaction, the vending machine or other field asset progresses through a series of transaction stages. The vending machine presents one or more rich content messages to the consumer based on the transaction stage, a state of the vending machine, and so forth. The vending machine may continue to present messages up to and after a vending purchasing transaction is completed (i.e., product selected and provided to the consumer). The post vend interaction may include some form of loyalty or incentive based reward or initiating a consumer survey.
A more complete and thorough understanding of the present embodiments and advantages thereof may be acquired by referring to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numbers indicate like features, and wherein:
Preferred embodiments and their advantages are best understood by reference to
In one aspect, a machine-to-machine (M2M) network for remote field assets is described. M2M network 100 includes a collection of remotely located field assets 102, 103 in communication with a transaction processing server 110. Transaction processing server 110 communicates with a field assets 102 via a wide area wireless network or via local wireless networks using a hand held data processing device as an intermediary. Some field assets, including field assets 103, may lack wireless WAN connectivity and may, therefore, communicate with transaction processing server 110 through an intermediate field asset such as field asset 102-1. In some embodiments, field assets 102-1 may lack built-in resources for local wireless communication. In such embodiments, field asset 102-1 may communicate with hand held device 130 through the use of wireless adapter (not shown in
Field assets 102 and 103 are exemplified by vending machines in which transactions likely include the sale of consumer goods stocked in the vending machine. In some embodiments, field asset 102 or 103 is an MDB compliant vending machine that includes a vending machine controller (VMC) as the master of an industry standard MDB bus to which one or more peripheral devices are connected. In addition to conventional peripheral devices such as bill validators and coin mechanisms, a field asset may include hardware, firmware, and/or software that implements a platform for providing value added functionality to the vending machine or other field asset. This collection of hardware, software, and/or firmware is referred to herein as an extended function adapter (EFA).
The EFA supports one or more beneficial capabilities that facilitate automated vending machine management. The EFA may, for example, include a audit agent that includes the capacity to perform DEX polling and to store and time stamp the captured DEX data structures.
Referring now to the drawings,
Although many different types of field assets exist, embodiments are described herein in the context of a vending machine class of field assets. Vending machines are ubiquitous machines historically used as an unmanned source of perishable and nonperishable consumer products including canned and bottled drink products, snack foods, and so forth. Details of one embodiment of a field asset are described below with respect to
In the embodiment depicted in
Field asset 102-1 is depicted as being capable of communicating wirelessly with a hand held device 130 via a local wireless network 140 or directly with transaction processing server 110 via wireless net 120. Field asset 102-1 may include integrated wireless functionality, i.e., wireless hardware, firmware, and/or software to for communicating wirelessly with hand held device 130. Alternatively, field asset 102-1 may communicate wirelessly with hand held device 130 through an intervening adapter such as a wireless adapter that plugs into a DEX port of field asset 102-1. Field assets 103 as depicted in
The hand held device 130 is shown as connecting to transaction server 110 using wireless network 120, sometimes referred to herein as global wireless network to distinguish local wireless network 140. Local wireless network 140 may be implemented using any of a variety of short range wireless technologies including as perhaps the most prominent examples, Bluetooth and WiFi (e.g., IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, and their derivatives).
In the case of local wireless communication, an operator conveys hand held device 130 to a location that is in close proximity to a field asset 102. The field asset 102 and hand held 130 establish a local wireless signal enabling communication between the two. After establishing a local wireless communication channel, field asset 102 and hand held 130 exchange data or information. Field asset 102 may, as an example, transmit sales transaction information to hand held 130.
Transfer of information from field asset 102-1 to transaction server 110 could be achieved by transferring the data from field asset 102-1 to hand held 130 using local wireless network 140, transporting hand held 130 to a location in proximity to transaction server 110, and transmitting the information in hand held 130 to interaction server 110 via another local wireless (not depicted) transfer. In still another alternative, information may be passed from field asset 102-1 to hand held 130 and/or from hand held 130 to transaction server 110 using a cable or other wired connection, possibly to enhance the security of confidential information.
Transaction server 110 may be implemented as a set of one or more server class computers operable to process many transactions. Transaction server 110 may include, as an example, a database management application (e.g., Oracle, DB2, etc.)
A desktop data processing system 170 is depicted in
As depicted in
The type of information conveyed or otherwise exchanged between field assets 102 and interaction server 110 varies depending upon the manner in which and the purpose for which field asset 102 is implemented, but the information most likely includes information about transactions that occur or have occurred using field assets 102. The transaction information referred to can include, as examples, information about when a transaction occurs and other transaction details, for example, what product or combination of products were purchased, what consumer or customer purchased the product (if known), the dollar amount of the purchase, the amount of time required to complete the purchase, the manner of payment, and other information that may be useful to vending machine operators and/or the providers of goods sold through field assets 102.
Referring now to
Referring now to
In the depicted embodiment, field asset 102 is an MDB compliant machine or device that includes a VMC 210 connected to an MDB 211, to which a plurality of standard peripheral devices are connected. As shown in
MDB 211 is compliant with the Multi-Drop Bus/Internal Communication Protocol (the MDB protocol) maintained by the National Automatic Marketing Association (NAMA). The MDB protocol is an Interface Standard that allows the various components of a vending machine to communicate to the VMC. The MDB protocol determines the way in which the VMC learns what coins were accepted by the Coin Mechanism, what bills were accepted by the Bill Validator, and how much credit is available through the Card Reader. It is a way for the VMC to "tell" the Coin Mechanism how much change to pay out or to "tell" the card reader how much credit to return to the card.
Unlike many shared bus protocols, the MDB protocol defines the VMC as the one and only master of the MDB and all other peripherals as slaves. The VMC can address packets to any of the peripheral devices, but peripheral devices cannot communicate with each other and only transmit packets to the VMC in response to receiving a packet from the VMC. Also, as suggested previously, MDB is a polling-based protocol. A significant percentage of MDB traffic consists of polling packets issued by the VMC and acknowledge packets from the peripheral devices. In most shared bus architectures, e.g., Ethernet and PCI, devices can act as masters or slaves and polling is not an inherent feature of the architecture.
EFA 200, as its name suggests, includes application extensions that enhance the features of field asset 102. In conjunction with VMC 210, EFA 200 may include, as examples, an Audit Agent 302 suitable for periodically retrieving DEX data 220 from VMC 210 to create a dynamic view of DEX data, a cashless agent 330 suitable for facilitating cashless transactions, and a rich content agent (RCA) 340 for managing and displaying rich content messages to consumers. EFA 200 may also include wireless communication functionality 360 including wireless communication hardware, firmware, and/or software for wireless communication via wireless network 120 (
RCA 340 operates in conjunction with a rich content display 350 connected to EFA 200 to present rich content messages to consumers and potential consumers. Rich content display 350 is preferably any analog or digital display device having QVGA resolution or better and capable of displaying still and moving images including movies and movie clips. Although rich content display 350 is preferably a liquid crystal display (LCD) device desirable for its relatively small dimensional requirements, display 350 may also be a cathode ray tube (CRT) device, a plasma display panel (PDP) device, a surface conduction electron emitter display (SED), and the like.
RCA 340 preferably coordinates the presentation of rich content messages to consumers and potential consumers based on the state of the field asset. The field asset state may include a procedural state indicative of, for example, the current stage in a sequence of transaction stages, an environmental state, indicative of, for example, time and geographical information, and a product state indicative of, for example, the current inventory of products and products prices contained in the field asset. RCA 340 may receive input from one or more other agents on EFA 200. Input from the other EFA agents may partially or completely indicate all or a portion of the state of the field asset.
As indicated above, RCA 340 encompasses content presentation management based, at least under some circumstances, on the state of a vending machine or other field asset. For purpose of the following discussion, a field asset's state is divided roughly into two components referred to herein as its procedural state and its substantive state. The procedural state of a field asset such as a vending machine that engages in consumer transactions may refer to the current stage in a sequence of transaction stages. From this perspective, a field asset may be thought of as a state machine and represented by a conventional state diagram. A simplified state diagram showing selected states of a field asset such as the vending machine depicted in
If, for example, a consumer inserts coins into a coin mechanism, field asset 102 is depicted as transitioning from idle stage 402 to a coin detected stage 404, which may represent the first in a sequence (not depicted) of transaction stages applicable to coin-based transactions. The coin-based transaction sequence may include, just as examples, a coin detection stage, a coin verification stage, a coin summation stage, a transaction pending stage, a product delivered stage, and a change return stage. Similarly, field asset 102 may include transition to a bill accepted stage 406 representing the first stage in a sequence of stages (not depicted) applicable to bill-based transactions when or one or more dollar bills (or other denominations) are received by a bill acceptor/validator.
As depicted in
As depicted in
Returning to the simplified transaction state diagram of
The substantive state of field asset 102 may encompass parameters or characteristics that are independent of an asset's procedural state. A field asset's physical location, for example, is a characteristic that does not dependent on a transaction stage sequence, but which may nevertheless be desirable to know for purposes of presenting meaningful or targeted rich media messages to a consumer or potential consumer. For example, while it might be desirable to promote field asset products using by conveying an association between the products and a particular athletic team, conveying the correct association is dramatically dependent upon the location of the field asset. Imagine, for example, the efficacy of a University of Texas Longhorn based promotion presented on a field asset in College Station, Tex. or Norman, Okla. or a New York Yankees promotion playing on a vending machine in South Boston. Thus, one aspect of a field asset's location or geography state is the political or regional division in which the field asset is located. Another aspect to the location state of a field asset could have to do with the function of the building in which the field asset is located. Thus, for example, a vending machine owner or manager may sell third party ads for display on the display device of a field asset. The potential purchases of this third party advertising time may dependent on where the field asset is located. A field asset located in or near the show room of a new car dealership for example might beneficially display advertisements or other rich media messages for the types of automobiles sold by the dealership.
In addition to geographical state, a field asset generally and a vending machine in particular has other state attributes including its inventory state, its pricing state, and an environmental state. A field asset's inventory state refers to the quantity and selection of the products remaining in the field asset at any given point in time. Inventory state may be useful in managing rich media content to avoid, for example, displaying a promotion for a product that is currently out of stock.
Pricing state refers to the prices that each item of inventory is currently being offered at. Pricing state may be useful in managing rich media presentation by enabling, as an example, a field asset to determine a discount level to use when initiating a promotion or inventive program. If, for example, it is desired to promote an item as being temporarily sold at a specified discount, the pricing state may facilitate the use of discount percentages that are easily incorporated into the pricing structure of the machine. It would not, for example, make sense to promote a 75 cent can of soda at a 50% discount.
A field asset's environmental state may include the date and time, the external temperature and humidity, the proximity to the nearest other field asset, and essentially any other condition or characteristic that might be detectable by the field asset and potentially useful in managing rich media content presentation. Field assets may wish, for example, to promote a different mix of products at night than during the day time, or to shut down completely during one or the other. Similarly, weather conditions may be monitored and used to control rich content messages so that ice cream bars and popsicles are emphasized during hot weather while chicken soup and hot chocolate are emphasized during a blizzard.
Turning to
In the preferred embodiment, rich content agent 410 encompasses the ability to detect a procedural and a substantive state of the field asset and to use the detected state as control inputs for managing the presentation of rich content to consumers and potential consumers. In the preferred embodiment, RCA 340 controls media presentation using a predefined, but extensible set of procedural and substantive characteristics. The developer of RCA 340 may, for example, define an interface or structure for controlling rich media presentation and make the structure or interface publicly available so that third party developers can develop the rich media content itself as well as a set of rules indicating how to manage and display the rich media content with the context of the defined procedural and substantive state of the field asset.
In some embodiments, rich media content management and presentation may be implemented as a set or sequence of computer executable instructions (software) stored on a computer readable medium. The medium may be a nonvolatile medium such as a hard disk, optical disk, or the like. During execution, all or portions of the software may be stored in a volatile storage medium such as a system memory (SRAM), cache memory (DRAM), etc. When executed by a suitable general purpose or application specific microprocessor, the software instructions produce a computer implemented method such as the content management method 600 conceptually represented in the flow diagram of
Method 600 as depicted in
In block 606, method 600 depicts determining a content management action based at least in part on the procedural state data 602 and the substantive state data 604. In some embodiments, the content management action includes a determination of which, if any, rich media files (i.e., rich media content) are to be presented to the consumer via rich media display device 350. Following the determination of a media content action in block 606, method 600 includes managing by taking the content action determined in block 606 and displaying the rich content on the rich content display 350.
Encompassed within method 600 is the concept of managing the presentation of rich media content via the field asset based on any of a set of characteristics and/or parameters that are detectable by the field asset and useful or potentially useful in controlling the presentation of rich media content to a consumer. For example, encompassed within the concept of detecting procedural state is the information that is known at each stage in a procedural state. Thus, the actions that may be taken at any point in a procedural state may be influenced by or otherwise managed based on any of all information that is available to the field asset at that point.
In the context of cashless transactions, for example, the cashless form of payment generally conveys a greater degree of consumer identity than other forms of payment and this identity information may be suitable for use in employing targeted rich content messaging. If a cashless user's identity is known to a particular field asset, perhaps based upon a transaction cache or other form of database that field asset 102 may retain, rich content presentation may be targeted based in part on the consumer's past purchasing activity.
Consumer identity information enables a wealth of promotional programs that integrate well with the ability to provide rich media content. Loyalty programs can be implemented once a consumer's identity is known. Loyalty program could include traditional "frequent consumer" type of rewards in the form of points that may later be redeemed for discounted or free products. In addition, loyalty programs could be implemented using "perks" in the form of interactive content that is not provided to "unregistered" consumers. For example, a loyal consumer with a demonstrated preference for a particular brand of soft drink may be invited to participate in an election or other survey associated with a television program or other event. Talent search programs that rely on viewer voting, for example, are often sponsored by the producers of consumable products. A loyal purchaser could be invited to participate in a talent search vote at the end of a transaction while the rich content display 350 is utilized to display rich media samples of the various contestants.
Identification of consumer also enables expansion of the ability to implement sweepstakes or contents through vending machine transactions. For example, the ability to identify a consumer enables a program in which winners of a contest or sweepstakes are awarded with a prize that is delivered via the web such as a music or video download. In this manner, for example, a recording artist could release a new song through a channel of field assets simultaneously with or even before a conventional web or record store release.
Even if a consumer is not located in a transaction database that is available to the field asset, the cashless agent or other application running on EFA 200 may be able to detect, or inquire about, demographic data such as the consumers gender and age, that might be used to influence presentation of messaging.
Similarly, substantive state information may be detected and used to implement various promotional efforts. Time and date information, for example, may be used to control the timing of promotional programs, new product introductions, incentive programs, and sweepstakes or contests. Moreover, as indicated previously, the graphical advertising that is presented to a user may be influenced by the substantive state so that "internal" advertisements, which are advertisements for products sold in the vending machine, and external advertisements are timely.
As suggested by the preceding paragraphs, the ability to manage rich media content meaningfully in a field asset environment to present targeted rich media messages to consumers and the ability to present rich media content using rich media hardware installed in the field assets are the cornerstones that enable a wide range of marketing and customer relation opportunities.
Referring now to
RCA 340 as shown in
Thus, XML Manifest provides a mapping between procedural or operational directives and rules for managing the media. In the exemplary XML file listed in Appendix "A" for example, the XML file maps the procedural directive "ID" to a media rule that informs CMA 702 which movie clip to play and which text messages, if any, to overlay on the movie clip. CMA 702 retrieves the "rule" indicated in XML Manifest 704 and uses the rule to send a message to rich content player 710. Rich content player 710 in turn responds to receipt of a message from CMA 702 by retrieving and executing, i.e., playing, the movie clip or other rich media content file stored in rich media content files 712.
In this manner, XML Manifest 704 specifies the manner in which CMA 702 responds to directives and other information to control the messages it sends to rich content player 710 and thereby controls the content that is played.
Media player 710 may include elements of commercially distributed rich content players including, as examples, Adobe's Flash� player, Apple's Quicktime� player, and the like. RCA 340 as depicted in
Although the present disclosure and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alternations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the following claims.
<!--Copyright (C) 2006 Isochron Inc. All Rights Reserved-->
<!--Do Not Edit The Meta Element. Internal Use Only-->
<Meta version="1.0" creation="Month-Year" ></Meta>
<MovieLoop restart="true">
<!--The Movie Loop defines Rich Content Movies (e.g., SWF) that will play in succession. The loop will run continuously until interrupted with a consumer event, i.e. a card swipe. Movies will run to completion and then move onto the next movie unless that movie's rule prevents it from running. If a consumer event prompt an interrupt, the loop will start at the beginning based on the "restart" rule. If "restart" is true, then the movie loop will start at the beginning each time the loop replays following a consumer event. If "restart is false, then the movie loop will continue playing where it left off.
Movies to be played in the movie loop are defined within the MovieLoop tag. Key "loopnode" defines the attributes of a movie to play, starting with the movie's filename. Also note that the Rich Content file extension is not included and no file paths are provided as the content manager will use discrete path for the movies (within the /movies directory). A specific movie can be listed within the loop more then one time and in any order
Within a movie node, there are additional attributes to the movie title (filename). These attributes are not required to play a movie and are only used if advanced content management features are desired.
"startdate" earliest date a movie will start to play (start at midnight). If no start date is provided, it will play immediately.
"enddate" last date a movie will play (to midnight).
<loopnode movie="movie_1" startdate="09-01-2006" enddate=
<loopnode movie="movie_2"></loopnode>
<loopnode movie="movie_3"></loopnode>
<!--The Skin element allows a skin movie to be shown on the display. Skins can be enabled/disabled on the fly as each specific stage is shown, but this element drives the skin setting at startup and during the movie loop. It is the "master setting" for the content. Skins have three attributes:
"setting" this is the setting at content start. "on"/"off" are the two allowed settings. The system defaults to on.
"textfield1" skins have maximum of two optional text variable fields. These fields are set as attributes. "textfield1" is the first text field
"textfield2" this is the second optional text field
If textfields attributes are not to be used, they need not be included as an element attribute or can be set as " ", which would place them as blank text.
<TopSkin setting="on" textfield1="Cash Only" textfield2="Thank You"> </Topskin>
<!--Fade Speed Element is used to drive transitions between movies and stages. From movie to movie the transition is driven through a Rich Content fade. Fade speeds (framerate) can be set using two element attributes. Note that setting these two values is not required, as they do have default settings.
"stageFadeSpeed" sets the fade speed between stage transitions. Default: 10
"movieFadeSpeed sets the fade speed between stage transitions. Default: 5
Example: a setting of 5=20 frames per transition (5�20=100).
<FadeSpeed stageFadeSpeed="10" movieadeSpeed="10"></FadeSpeed>
<Promotions loopall="yes">
<!--Promotions define lists of promotions, in the form of movie overlays, that are presented during the consumer's "make selection" stage. This can be in the form of featured products, which are different movies (promotions) that are shown to the consumer while the "make selection" stage (MS, see below) is being presented. While the MS stage has its own corresponding movie that plays during the stage, the featured products movie is a semi-transparent overlay to the stage movie. An example of this might be to present a specific featured brand for the month, or a new product rollout. As the content manager is tied into the entire device system, rule can be applied. For example if a product is out-of-stock, why bother featuring it to the consumer.
The "loopall" attribute directs the content manager to loop through all featured products in the list (with each consumer selection), provided their ruleset is valid.
Each promotion is defined with an attribute called "promo"
Attribute Description order the order in which a promo is played or the ruleset applied. No two orders should be the same, and they should increment (1, 2, 3, . . . ) movie name of the movie for the stage. Do not include extension, swf assumed productsku DEX-programmed SKU for the product. Enables DEX monitoring for out-of-stock (optional if not tied to DEX) description Friendly description for the featured product (or promo) displayifOOS Present the movie even if the SKU is out-of-stock in the vendor (per DEX). (optional) startdate earliest date a movie will start to play (start at midnight). If no start date is provided, it will play immediatly. (optional) enddate last date a movie will play (to midnight). If no end date is provided (optional)
Note that promo can be shown without it being mapped to a specific product. For example, you might want a promo that presents Mycoke.Com information (see example below). In this case, the product-based attributes do not apply.
<promo order="1" movie="promo_BottledWater" productsku="1001"
description="20oz Bottled Water" displayifOOS="no" ></promo>
<promo order="2" movie="promo_Soda" productsku="1000" description="12oz
Can Soda" displayifOOS="no" startdate="09-01-2006" enddate="09-29-2006" ></promo>
<promo order="3" movie="promo_BottledWater2" description="MyWater Logo"
<!--Stage Directives are used to map cashless stages to a movies. Cashless stages are mapped to movies via directives, which are used by the internal systems to direct the content manager to move to a next stage (and what the stage might be).
Note: Directives themselves are for internal use, and should not be edited.
Attribute Description name descriptive name for the stage directive mapping directive for the stage. Do Not Edit movie name of the movie for the stage. Do not include extension, swf assumed skin turn on/off the skin (optional) time time in the stage. Minimum number of seconds for a stage to play (if 0, then continguous, won't stop until stage change). note that this is minimum time as some stages require more time to process, like remote authorization, for example tf1-tf4 text field 1 through text field 4, maps to variable text fields in the movie
If a text field (defined by attribute "tfn, in which n is 1 through 4), is wrapped with an underscore, _underscore_, then it is a variable rather then fixed text. The following text field
variables exist:
variable Description _cardtype— American Express, Visa, Mastercard, Discover _cardholder— Consumer's name on the credit card _totalamount— amount of the completed transaction set (all vends) _vendamount— amount of a single vend _diagnosticsitem— Internal Use Only _diagnosticsdata— Internal Use Only _movieloop— Please the movie loop as the stage, using the skin for text output _purchasestate— cash-only or credit, with tf2 and tf3 the credit text or cash only text
A stage can also support questions, if appropriate. Example: Multivend change, which provides the use a chance to make another purchase without swiping their credit card. In the case of a question, the stage information is the same, except the attributes are well defined:
Primary Question to ask question
secondary question/comment (not required)
button 1 test
button 2 test
<stage name="Startup" directive="SU" movie="stage_normal"
skin="on" time="0" tf1="_diagnosticsitem_" tf2="Isochron, Inc." tf3="Austin, TX"
<stage name="Idle" directive="ID" movie="_movieloop_" skin="on"
time =0" tf1="_purchasestate_" tf2="Swipe Credit Card to Begin" tf3="Cash Only" tf4="Thank
<stage name="Validation Failure" directive="VF"
movie="stage_normal" skin="off" time="1" tf1="Invalid Card" tf2="Please Trey Again" tf3=""
<stage name="Read Failure" directive="RF" movie="stage_normal"
skin="off" time="1" tf1="Read Failure" tf2="Please Try Again" tf3="" tf4=""></stage>
<stage name="Local Authorization" directive="LA"
movie="stage_normal" skin="off" time="1" tf1="Processing Card..." tf2="Please Wait" tf3=""
<stage name="Remote Authorization" directive="RA"
movie="stage_normal" skin="off" time="1" tf1="Authorizing..." tf2="Please Wait" tf3=""
<stage name ="Authorization Denied" directive="AD"
movie="stage_normal" skin="off" time="1" tf1="Authorization Denied" tf2="" tf3=""
<stage name="Selection" directive="MS" movie="stage_normal"
skin="off" time="1" tf1="Make Selection" tf2="" tf3="" tf4=""></stage>
<stage name="Transaction Canceled" directive="TC"
movie="stage_normal" skin="off" time="1" tf1="Transaction Canceled" tf2="" tf3=""
<stage name="Vending" directive="VG" movie="stage_normal"
tf1="Vending..." skin="off" time="1" tf2=""></stage>
<stage name="Multi Vend" directive="MV" movie="stage_button"
skin="off" time="0" tf1="Make another Purchase?" tf2="" tf3="Yes" tf4="No"></stage>
<stage name="No sale" directive="NS" movie="stage _normal"
skin="off" time="1" tf1="No Sale" tf2="" tf3="" tf4=""></stage>
<stage name="Total Sale" directive="TS" movie="stage_normal"
skin="off" time="1" tf1="Total Sale:" tf2="_totalamount_" tf3="" tf4=""></stage>
<stage name="Thank You" directive="TY" movie="stage_normal"
skin="off" time="1" tf1="Thank You" tf2="_cardholder_" tf3="For Your Purchase" tf4=""></stage>
<stage name="Diagnostic" directive="DI" movie="stage_normal"
skin="off" time="0" tf1=" diagnosticsitem_" tf2="_diagnosticsdata_ tf3="" tf4=""></stage>
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 30, 2007
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