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Think your friends might be familiar with this merchant? Ask your friends on Facebook to see what they think.
Terrible wait! it's takes too long to find a chart and make new file for new patient it's already hi tech now a days but this clinic is same old school, and waiting is long Doctor can't even diagnose me and receptionist was rude couldn't even ask question not friendly
Doctors are ok at this clinic but receptionist are not professionals, they are rude and I noticed they will make you wait while people they know from their country came later but get seen sooner than you.
i went to see the doctor this afternoon and waiting time is fine then i was called to get inside and so i did. i waited for few minutes inside then the doctor came in. that doctor never introduces himself and he was in a hurry to be out of the door. I ask him to checked my BP and after he storm out the door. He didn't even bother to tell me the result. I was not really satisfied with his performance at all. i will not recommend this doctor at a all.
Aside from very long waiting time (2-3hrs), the front staffs are very rude. I had an OB appointment at 10am but the receptionist told me they don't follow the appointment schedule. I asked what's the point of the appointment, she told me to ask the doctor!
phoned in before driving over to the clinic to see whether I will be accepted. The lady on the phone seemed nice and told me that as long as I arrive before 7:30 PM I'll be able to see the doctor as they close 8-9PM. Upon arrival at 6:50PM, however, the receptionist would not accept me. I've never seen a healthcare office act so unprofessional, rude and cold. Even as I explained to her the situation and the urgency, she told me to leave and ordered the lady I spoke with on the phone to do the same. WOW. I work with health care professionals daily and the lack of respect, interpersonal skills and empathy in this individual was shocking! Wrong career honey. Will never step foot in your "clinic" ever again.
Horrible customer service, they put you on hold and then the phone call drops, the receptionists are rude on the phone. In person, the wait times are almost always over 1.5 hours, the receptionists act as if they are god's gift to earth. The doctors are average, seem rushed and don't like being talked back to at all. You are treated like an animal at this clinic, would not recommend this place.
You will never find a doctor who truly cares about their patients than Dr. Atwal. If you go to a hospital you have to wait even longer and usually the doctor does not have enough time and then you are off to see your family doctor anyway. I agree the wait times are long, but that is a testament to how well Dr. Atwal cares for her patients. If you feel the wait times are unjustified then go to another doctor. As for the staff, try engaging them by saying hello instead of barking orders!
Wait times are never less than 1 hour. Once you see a doctor they try to get rid of you as soon as possible. I had a blood test done, was called for results, went in, waited 1.5 hours, then was told the results weren't fully there. Horrible service!!!
This place is worse than horrible!!! Decided to go their one evening since I knew there was still about 45mins before they closed, and I was only 5 mins away. As I get there I see one lone SUV departing from the smaller of the 2 parking lots. I then realize that this is staff parking, not patient parking because you need a badge or pass to open the gate. As I go inside, I see a man standing at reception asking the receptionist, "What do you mean the doc's gone home? If you close at 9pm, then why is he going home already? Then you should change your sign to say that you close at 8:20PM, not 9PM." Apparently, it was a quiet night, the doc didn't feel to stay till the very end. The man had been there previously and they had called him earlier on that day to get some test results. He asked what time they were open until becasue he had to travel a long distance to get there from his work place. The attitude of the receptionists was just ugly. They couldn't care one bit at what had traspired. No sympathy towards the man, only attitude. The previous time I was there, I had to wait over 2 hours to see the doc. I a complaint about my foot. My doc was closed, as it was a weekend, so I showered up and drove to this clinic. They moved me from the waiting room after 2hrs, and moved me to the private room, where I waited another 45mins. Finally, the doc comes in...just finishing up his meal. He didn't even want to touch my foot. Stood away like he would catch something. My foot was just showered, and I wore flip-flops. There was nothing visible, it was just an internal sore that I wanted to check out. He saw me for all of 1 minute. I vowed never to go back...but I did a few months later.. NEVER AGAIN!!!
Not only will you have to wait at least 3 hours, they are very rude! I returned their phone call and was hung up on 4 times, then they let it ring through to their voice mail, which is full. I had blood work done on my son, they said I needed to return because the doctor wanted to discuss the results....I wait 3 hours just to hear the doc tell me everything is normal!!! And we wonder why our health care system is in the state it's in.
The clinic is just very poorly managed. I'd try to avoid this place as much as possible.
I called the clinic to ask a simple question and I was put on hold and then quickly the call was disconnected. I tried to call back but my calls were not answered. They were being screened. This is a terrible way to treat patients. I still do not have an answer to my simple question. The person should be fired. WE as TAX PAYERS are paying for them to work! FIRE THIS PERSON. #protectourtaxdollars
Completely unprofessional. They rush you out of your appointment after waiting for ages. Messy premises. Doctors and staff arguing with each other and patients can hear.
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text:
FILED: January 14, 2009
Multnomah County Circuit Court
Lewis Bridgers Lawrence, Judge pro tempore.
Submitted on July 11, 2008.
Spencer J. Hahn filed the brief for appellant.
No appearance for respondent.
Before Edmonds, Presiding Judge, and Wollheim, Judge, and Sercombe, Judge.
Respondent appeals in this stalking protective proceeding under ORS 30.866 and argues that the evidence is insufficient to warrant the trial court's issuance of the order prohibiting him from having contact with petitioner.(1) We review de novo, Hanzo v. deParrie, 152 Or App 525, 537, 953 P2d 1130 (1998), rev den, 328 Or 418 (1999), and affirm.
To obtain a stalking protective order (SPO) under ORS 30.866, a petitioner must demonstrate by a preponderance of the evidence that
"(a) The person intentionally, knowingly or recklessly engages in repeated and unwanted contact with the other person or a member of that person's immediate family or household thereby alarming or coercing the other person;
"(b) It is objectively reasonable for a person in the victim's situation to have been alarmed or coerced by the contact; and
"(c) The repeated and unwanted contact causes the victim reasonable apprehension regarding the personal safety of the victim or a member of the victim's immediate family or household."
ORS 30.866(1). ORS 30.866(1) has both a subjective and an objective component. To satisfy the subjective component, "[t]he contacted person must in fact be alarmed or coerced by the contacts, and the contacts must in fact cause the person apprehension regarding his or her personal safety." Weatherly v. Wilkie, 169 Or App 257, 259, 8 P3d 251 (2000). To satisfy the objective component, "the contacted person's alarm or coercion must be objectively reasonable" and that person's apprehension for his or her personal safety must also be objectively reasonable. Id.
ORS 30.866(1) also requires that the petitioner establish repeated and unwanted contact by the respondent. "Repeated" contact means two or more contacts within the previous two years. ORS 30.866(6); ORS 163.730(7). The contacts may include, among other things, coming into the person's visual or physical presence; following the person; waiting outside the person's home, property, place of work or school; speaking with the person; or sending or making written communications of any kind. ORS 163.730(3). If the contact involves speech, Article I, section 8, of the Oregon Constitution requires proof that the contact constitutes a threat. A threat "is a communication that instills in the addressee a fear of imminent and serious personal violence from the speaker, is unequivocal, and is objectively likely to be followed by unlawful acts." State v. Rangel, 328 Or 294, 303, 977 P2d 379 (1999). But a threat does not include "the kind of hyperbole, rhetorical excesses, and impotent expressions of anger or frustration that in some contexts can be privileged even if they alarm the addressee." State v. Moyle, 299 Or 691, 705, 705 P2d 740 (1985).
A detailed discussion of the evidence in this case would not benefit the bench or the bar. Suffice it to say that all of the elements of the statute for the issuance of an SPO are readily satisfied by testimony from witnesses at the hearing with the possible exception of the requirement imposed by the statute that petitioner was subjectively alarmed by his contacts with respondent, causing him to be reasonably apprehensive regarding his safety or the safety of a member of his household. In that regard, petitioner's testimony is the only evidence that could, on this record, potentially qualify as a source for the required proof of that element.
At the hearing, petitioner's testimony was limited to the following: He was asked by the court, "Are the facts stated in your petition that are not hearsay true?" Petitioner answered, "Yes, sir." In his petition, petitioner alleges, in response to inquiries about whether he was afraid for his personal safety as a result of his contacts with respondent, that respondent "threatened my safety," "[h]e has threatened my life * * * walking through my yard [with a] butcher knife[,]" and "[h]e told me I was going to die."(2)> If the allegations made in petitioner's petition are part of the evidentiary record as the result of petitioner's response to the trial court's question, then the record contains evidence sufficient to satisfy the statutory elements of ORS 30.866 and to warrant the issuance of an SPO.
On appeal, respondent argues,
"Petitioner provided no testimony, other than affirming that the non-hearsay statements in his petition for a temporary stalking protective order were true. No one made any effort to introduce the petition into evidence, and since the petition is an out-of-court statement, if it was being considered for the truth of the matter asserted, none of the statements in the petition were admissible as they were all hearsay, as defined in OEC 801(3). Hearsay is only admissible when provided for by law. OEC 802. No such exception to this general bar on hearsay was cited, and the trial court specifically noted several times that it would not consider any hearsay evidence."(3)
As we understand respondent's argument, he argues that: (1) petitioner's in-court testimony "affirming" the contents of the petition does not constitute "testimony" or "evidence"; and (2) the petition itself had to be introduced into evidence for petitioner's statements within it to be admissible. Thus, in our view, the issue becomes whether petitioner's adoption of his statements in his petition constitutes evidence for purposes of our de novo review of the record.(4) If it does so, then it was not necessary for the petition itself to be introduced into evidence, and the trial court properly issued the SPO.
ORS 41.010 provides that "[j]udicial evidence is the means, sanctioned by law, of ascertaining in a judicial proceeding the truth respecting a question of fact. Proof is the effect of evidence, the establishment of the fact by evidence." A fact in issue may be established by the oral examination of a witness. ORS 45.010(3). Here, petitioner's testimony at the hearing that his allegations in his petition were true constituted an adoption of his allegations in his petition and subjected him to cross-examination concerning his in-court adoption. As the legislative commentary to OEC 801(4) notes,
"If the witness admits on the stand that the witness made the statement, and that it was true, then the witness adopts the statement and there is no hearsay problem."
Laird C. Kirkpatrick, Oregon Evidence § 801.02[2], 661 (5th ed 2007). Moreover, in discussing rule 801(d) of the Federal Rules of Evidence, the federal counterpart to OEC 801(4), Weinstein explains,
"If a witness, questioned about a prior statement, admits on the stand that he or she made the statement and acknowledges that it is true, the witness thereby adopts the prior statement as his or her testimony. This adoption bypasses the requirements of Rule 801(d)(1) and the entire hearsay problem."
Jack B. Weinstein and Margaret A. Berger, 5 Weinstein's Federal Evidence § 801.21[4] (Joseph M. McLaughlin ed., 2d ed 2008) (emphasis added; footnote omitted).(5)
In summary, petitioner's adoption through his in-court testimony of his prior allegations constitutes evidence that he was alarmed for his personal safety by respondent's contacts. It necessarily follows that the statutory requirements for the issuance of the SPO were met, and therefore the trial court did not err in issuing the SPO in this case.
1. Petitioner did not file a brief or appear on appeal.
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2. It is reasonably inferable from the testimony of the other witnesses at trial that the threats were made during two or more unwanted contacts that occurred between petitioner and respondent.
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3. Respondent did not object on the basis of hearsay in the trial court, and we do not address that issue on appeal.
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4. We do not imply by our statement that adoption of statements made in writing outside the proceeding by an in-court declarant are not admissible for other purposes. See, e.g., OEC 801(4), which provides that such a statement is not hearsay if it is offered to impeach or rehabilitate a witness.
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5. Additionally, numerous federal decisions have admitted a witness's prior statements that were adopted by the witness at trial. See United States v. Lopez-Lopez, 282 F3d 1, 17 (1st Cir), cert den, 536 US 949 (2002) ("Agent Velez, at trial, adopted his allegedly inconsistent suppression hearing testimony when he affirmatively stated that the correct time could have been two or three seconds rather than five seconds."); United States v. Klein, 488 F2d 481, 483 (2d Cir 1973), cert den, 419 US 1091 (1974) ("If [the witness] had said explicitly that her grand jury testimony was the truth, this principle would sustain the judge's ruling [allowing the prosecutor to read that witness's grand jury testimony to the jury]."); United States v. Borelli, 336 F2d 376, 391 (2d Cir 1964), cert den, 379 US 960 (1965) ("When a witness thus affirms the truth of a prior statement, the earlier statement is to be considered 'not only as bearing on the credibility of the witness but as affirmative evidence.'"); Stewart v. Baltimore & O. R. Co., 137 F2d 527, 529 (2d Cir 1943) ("Exhibits 3 and 4 were both admissible not only as bearing on the credibility of the witness but as affirmative evidence. Their use as affirmative evidence was permissible because Edman testified that the statements made in these exhibits were true.").
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subset: commoncrawl


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Sales and support functions
Employees with general skills in purchasing, sales relations, accounting, management control, logistics, IT and many other areas of expertise facilitate the development of Group targets and ensure consistency between its many projects. Common to the three business sectors in which ENGIE operates – electricity, natural gas & LNG and energy services, these functions require a broad spread of abilities, including organizational and proactive response skills.
Karine, Head of Strategic Studies at ENGIE Ineo
Graduated of EM Lyon , Karine has always been passionate about corporate finance. he began her career as a financial auditor in an audit firm and then decided to join the Group Engie joining its corporate finance department .
Narongchai, Senior Vice President of Government & Public Affairs for the Glow Group
Graduate of Chulalongkorn University (Thailand) and University of North Texas (United States), Narongchai has been working for the subsidiary of ENGIE since 1996. As a leader of four different departments, he coordinates and negotiates a lot of projects. Developing the Gheco-One coal-fired power plant in the Map Ta Phut industrial park, is one of his greatest successes.
Arnaud, financial specialist purchase & sale of Natural Gas
After a masters at Paris Dauphine University and eight months of experience in a law office in Luxembourg, Arnaud left the world of finance for the energy sector. He greatly appreciates his missions, which include developing tools for monitoring LNG cargo.
|Read her interview
|Read his interview
|Read his interview
Adeline, Chief economist at ENGIE
Driven throughout her career by a passion for energy, Adeline is now Chief Economist at ENGIE. The HEC Paris graduate talks to us about her daily experience of working alongside this key player in the 21st century energy industry, which brings out the best in all its talented people without fear or favor.
Arnaud, IAM functional analyst
Arnaud works on the system that manages user IS identities and access for all ENGIE employees. His mission is to provide business line functional support and to investigate the system if users are having problems. He enjoys the variety and challenge of his tasks.
Ralph, Key Account Manager at ENGIE Cofely Services in Montreal
Ralph is a Key Account Manager at ENGIE Cofely Services in Montreal. What does he like best about his job? The absence of routine, a constant stream of new experiences and, above all, meeting new people, from sales prospects to existing clients and students.
|Read her interview
|View her video profile
|View his video profile


text:
A Maryland man who owns some 900 pinball machines plans to open a public museum devoted to the pastime in Washington, D.C.
David Silverman, 62, currently operates The National Pinball Museum out of a small warehouse in his backyard in suburban, Maryland. Later this summer, Silverman will move part of his collection into an upscale shopping mall in the Georgetown neighborhood of the nation's Capitol.
Silverman plans a public non-profit museum that will host historical exhibits, pinball-related films, classes on topics such as woodworking and a rotating selection of pinball games for the public.
Four months ago, Silverman got an offer from the Shops at Georgetown Park to house the museum rent-free for two years, an offer he says he couldn't refuse.
Taking over space previously occupied by an F.A.O. Schwartz outlet in the Shops at Georgetown Park, the museum will be a shrine to one of America's most fascinating cultural icons. The museum will include a theater showing movies about pinball, classrooms and teaching areas, a permanent exhibit on the history of pinball and, best of all, a rotating collection of playable pinball games.
Visitors to the new, 14,000-square-foot location will pay a $13.50 entrance fee for access to the exhibits, library, theater, classroom, restoration room, gift shop and pay-to-play room. The museum will be open 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. Thursday, Friday and Saturday, and noon to 6 p.m. Sunday, starting in September.
Silverman's goal in building his collection over the years has been to gather historically significant machines, either because of their rarity or because they are representative of the age in which they were built, from the 1870s to the modern day.
For example, who can forget these lyrics from "Pinball Wizard," The Who's 1968 rock opera "Tommy" (which was made into a movie in 1975)?
|"Ever since I was a young boy
I've played the silver ball
From Soho down to Brighton
I must have played them all
But I ain't seen nothing like him
In any amusement hall
That deaf, dumb and blind kid
Sure plays a mean pinball."
Besides just being fun to play, the best pinball machines are a delightful mix of engineering and graphic art that reflects the changing tastes of American culture.
They carry such classic titles as Banzai Run; Daily Races; Guns 'N Roses; Jockey Club; Creature from the Black Lagoon; Indiana Jones; Queen of Hearts; The Rolling Stones; Kiss; Dolly Parton; and Heavy Metal Meltdown.
According to Silverman, the heyday of pinball was in the 1960s and 1970s—before video games hit the market. Only one company—Stern Pinball in Illinois—still makes the machines. Silverman values some of his machines at thousands of dollars, adding that collectors willingly pay $5,000 and up for rare machine at conventions or on eBay.
Says Silverman: "The museum will offer a history lesson, but a fun history lesson. This will be the most fun national museum in Washington."
For more information, visit www.nationalpinballmuseum.org.
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text:
Black Forest Cookie Dough Truffles
14 Feb 2013
When you think of Valentine's Day, what's the first thing that comes to mind? Is it:
A) Flowers? Or perhaps
B) Chocolate? No? Then maybe
C) A sugar-free recipe? Or how about
D) A healthy dessert recipe? If not, is it
E) A cookie dough recipe?
Well, if you guessed "All of the above," you'd be correct about these Black Forest Cookie Dough Truffles I'm sharing today (except for the "flowers" part, that is). Since I consume a sugar-free diet including an abundance of low-glycemic foods, I aim for the combination of those qualities in my desserts as well.
When it comes to Valentine's Day, I'm a chocolate gal, all the way. (Who am I kidding? I'm a chocolate gal every other day of the year, too. ). Chocolate is my very favorite food, and I love it any which way. In fact, if I could eat chocolate for breakfast, lunch, or dinner, I would. (Oh, wait. Been there, done that.). And if you serve up chocolate in the form of cookie dough—ideally, dipped in even more chocolate—well, then I'm truly in heaven. I've always thought that the unbaked dough was the best part of any cookie recipe, anyway. So why not cookie dough truffles? And don't hesitate to eat this raw: there are no eggs, so, no salmonella to worry about!
If you're looking for a quick, easy, impressive treat to serve as a Valentine's Day confection, this is your winner! And there's no need to reserve it for Valentine's Day; this recipe is perfect any day of the year.
Even though this dough is made from a few simple ingredients, it still offers the same familiar texture of true cookie dough. When combined with the cherries and other moist ingredients, the ground up Erewhon Crispy Brown Rice cereal and cacao magically transform into a batter that simulates perfectly the texture of cookie dough. Of course, you could probably create other flavors as well by adjusting the dry ingredients or perhaps adding chopped dried fruits, seeds or nuts, but my first choice was chocolate.
These Chocolate Cherry Cookie Dough Truffles are a perfect way to say "I love you," whether or not you share them with anyone else. And, as it turns out, the recipe intentionally yields a fairly small number (5 or 6 truffles)—perfect to enjoy on your own if that's your choice. Because really, shouldn't we make a point of treating ourselves once in a while? Next up, I'm thinking I'll go out and buy myself a lovely bouquet of flowers for the occasion, too.
What special treats do you enjoy for Valentine's Day or other special occasions? Do they involve chocolate?
Black Forest Cookie Dough Truffles
This recipe is a snap to make, ready in about 20 minutes. Dipped in chocolate, they make a lovely special occasion treat; but do try them rolled in the cereal-cacao coating too, as a delectable everyday snack.
YIELD: Makes 5-6 truffles
DIETARY TYPE: Gluten-free, Dairy-free, Egg-free, Vegan
Truffle Filling:
2 tablespoons coconut sugar (or other sugar)
1 tablespoon nondairy milk of choice (I used unsweetened chocolate almond)
1/2 teaspoon pure vanilla extract
1/2 cup Erewhon Crispy Brown Rice cereal
1 tablespoon raw cacao or unsweetened cocoa powder
1/4 teaspoon pure stevia powder *
Pinch fine sea salt
2 tablespoons smooth natural cashew or macadamia butter
4 large fresh or frozen pitted cherries, quartered (about 2 tablespoons or 1.5 oz); or use 3 large soft prunes or Medjool dates, quartered
Optional: 1 tablespoon cacao nibs, mini chocolate chips or chopped chocolate
Truffle Coating:
3 tablespoons Erewhon Crispy Brown Rice cereal
2 teaspoons raw cacao or unsweetened cocoa powder
Make the Truffle Filling: Place a large piece of plastic wrap over a clean dinner plate and set aside.
In a small bowl, mix the coconut sugar, milk and vanilla to begin dissolving the sugar. Set aside while you proceed with the other ingredients.
In a mini food processor or Magic Bullet, whir the 1/2 cup rice cereal, one tablespoon cacao powder, stevia and salt until powdered. Add the cashew butter and sugar/milk mixture. Process until it comes together in a soft, sticky "dough." It will seem too soft to roll into balls; this is as it should be (as it sits, the cereal will absorb any excess moisture to create a cookie dough texture). Add the cherries and pulse until they are finely chopped and incorporated into the dough. If using, stir in the cacao nibs or chocolate chips.
Using a melon baller or teaspoon, drop mounds of the mixture onto the plastic-lined dinner plate. Freeze for 15 minutes or until firm.
While the truffles chill, make the truffle coating: In a clean food processor or Magic Bullet, whir the 3 tablespoons cereal and 2 teaspoons cacao to a powder. Place in a small bowl.
Roll the frozen dough in your hands to create small balls (your palms will likely need to be rinsed clean once or twice during this process, as the dough may be sticky). Then, roll each ball in the truffle coating. For a fancier finish, you can also melt about 1/2 cup dairy free chocolate chips in a small bowl and coat the truffles: holding truffles one at a time on a fork, drizzle the chocolate over each while allowing excess to drip off into a bowl (you can then reuse it to coat more truffles). Allow to firm up in the refrigerator.
– Store, covered in the refrigerator, up to 5 days.
– If you prefer, you can replace the powdered stevia with 1/2 teaspoon pure liquid stevia; in that case, add the liquid stevia to the sugar/milk mixture.
Be well!
RickiCheck out my latest posts here


text:
hiking trail runnerwrote a review of CW-X 3/4 Length Stabilyx Tight - Women's on February 23, 2009
Best of CW-X
CW-X makes the nicest running tights and shorts and the Stabilyx 3/4 length is the best of all of them (I own 5 different styles). What I like about the Stabilyx 3/4 length is that I can run longer distances in the heat while still having the hip, IT band and knee protection.
You might expect them to tear easily, but they are very hardy. I've fallen on fast downhills a couple of times and only had to brush the dirt and burrs off. My knees underneath were an entirely different story though! If I had been wearing traditional or even CW-X shorts I would have had much more serious injuries.
They also dry quickly which is nice since I only have one in this style. If you wash it by hand immediately after use and hang dry, it will be dry within about 24 hours; sooner if you are drying it during the day instead of overnight.


text: I was so impressed with the Combat Commander's handling and balance that I figured a Lightweight Commander would even be better. Alas, after perusing all the shops and pawn shops around Boise, I didn't find a regular Lightweight Commander. Only one joint has the XSE in stainless steel. I was dawdling because of the front slide serration, full length guide rod and ambidextrous safety. I don't know when I'd be able to get a Lightweight Commander but at the same time I don't want all the geegaws. The shop owner cut me a deal that I couldn't refuse, so here I am with a gun that I only so-so want. Oh well, life is tough and then you die. I may leave the ambi safety as is or I may switch to a left-side-only lever. However, the full length guide rod must go.


text:
Another cup of this blend – I'm still not sure if I want to keep this tea yet or send it off when I mail the TTB out tomorrow. Like I said before, it's nice but nothing special so I can certainly live without it. If I send it on I'll probably take it out of its tin and but it in a ziploc bag to save weight (and shipping costs! The person before me paid $33 US).
Boiling 5 min, 0 sec


text:
The $5.6 billion Bethpage Federal Credit Union in Bethpage, N.Y., named Lynda Nicolino to the newly created position of corporate general counsel where her focus will be on government relations. Nicolino was general counsel and secretary of the Long Island Power Authority where she had worked for the past 15...
Read about the latest new hires, promotions, retirements and other career milestones in the credit union industry.
With a team of 10 advisers helping to oversee a retail investment portfolio of $402 million, SchoolsFirst Federal Credit Union places high value on being able to respond to members quickly, seamlessly and efficiently.
A group of senior CUNA Brokerage Services advisers helped build a new house in Las Vegas for Habitat for Humanity.
For financial advisers, the traditional methods used to help members when it comes to their long-term planning needs may be going the way of the dodo bird.
Joe and Jane Consumer may be overwhelmed with what the recently enacted legislation aimed at overhauling financial services means in their day-to-day lives. But advocates say the changes are really in their best interest.


text:
Is Youth Ministry Biblical?
How many times have you heard the question asking whether something is or is not biblical? Did you ever stop to think about what that actually means? What are the implications of such a question? These are some of the questions I've asked over the past twenty years. They have led me to alter my view of youth ministry and church life. Perhaps the most disturbing question I have asked in this regard relates to youth groups and the current model of age-segregated youth ministry. Are youth groups in church even a biblical model of ministry?
Read more at http://www.christianpost.com/news/how-to-determine-if-youth-group-is-even-biblical-105171/#PuOAYbzw8ggHMWp3.99


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Pix: Flood victims in for tough days ahead in Assam
If it weren't for the timely help of the brave army personnel, most of the people would have been washed away by the surging waters of the BrahmaputraRiver that inundated many villages under Naduar Revenue Circle of Sonitpur district on June 27. K Anurag reports.
"Our houses have been damaged and most of the livestock washed away. We have survived the flood fury with the help of the army to tell the tales of our woes now," said 38-year-old Renu Saikia of Pubmalakhanda village.
A population of 1,12,872 from 58 villages has been affected by the unprecedented devastating flood in this revenue circle of north Assam.
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Image: The flood-affected people of Naleni village of Assam move to safer place
Pix: Flood victims in for tough days ahead in Assam
The authorities have set up 43 relief camps where over 35,000 flood-hit have taken shelter and are surviving on rice, pulses and salt distributed by the administration and the army.
A total 13,671 hectares of crop land has been inundated, while a large number of domestic animals including cows, bullocks, goats have been washed away. Large numbers of people are also taking shelter on embankments and the highway.
"I haven't seen flood of such magnitude and fury during my lifetime. The last big flood was in 1984. The Brahmaputra breached its embankment in two places on June 27 and created havoc," said 65-year-old farmer Ramen Hira of Senimari village.
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Image: A flood affected family from Mur Kota village takes shelter on high ground
Pix: Flood victims in for tough days ahead in Assam
"The army has deployed 800 personnel and about 175 motor boats to rescue and provide relief to marooned people. So far, we have evacuated over 6,000 people in Sonitpur district where the administration is cooperating in a laudable way," said Major General R N Nair, general officer commanding 21 (Red Horn) division.
"We have helped distribution of relief materials and medicines. What is of great concern is the scarcity of drinking water as most of the areas are still under flood water, though it is receding since Monday," he said.
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Image: A man walks through a submerged village road at the flood affected Dupugi Jaanpump Village, about 50 km from Guwahati
Pix: Flood victims in for tough days ahead in Assam
The medical teams deployed by both the army and district administration have aired apprehension about a possible outbreak of cholera in the area because of lack of sufficient drinking water, as the flood is receding.
"We have treated flood-hit suffering from skin diseases, fungal infection on feet, dysentery, gastro-enteritis, flu and depression. Most of the children are suffering from skin diseases and bacillary dysentery," an army doctor Arun Kumar said.
A large area under Naduar Revenue Circle is now stinking with foul smell emanating from decaying carcasses livestock.
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Image: The flood-affected people of Naleni village of Assam move to safer place
Pix: Flood victims in for tough days ahead in Assam
"We have hired a JCB to dig pits in the area to dump carcasses of animals after treating those chemically so that outbreak of diseases could be prevented," the army GOC said while overseeing rescue operation at Bokabil Chapori village located about 5 kilometers towards south from the National Highway 52 connecting north Assam and Arunachal Pradesh.
The relief materials like rice, dal, salt, baby food distributed by the district administration is yet to reach some far flung flood ravaged areas. The administration in Sonitpur district has claimed to have distributed over 10,122 quintals of rice, 1,705 quintals of dal, 478 quintals of salt, 2,928 packets of baby food, 70 quintals of flattened rice, 7 quintals of molasses and 7,275 pieces of tarpaulin only for flood-hit under Naduar Revenue Circle.
Image: The flood-affected people of Naleni village


text:
NEW YORK After less than a year at the helm of energy giant Enron Corp., president and chief executive Jeffrey K. Skilling unexpectedly resigned Tuesday for personal reasons.
Chairman Kenneth Lay will take over both positions, the Houston-based company said in a statement.
"I am resigning for personal reasons. I want to thank Ken Lay for his understanding of this purely personal decision, and I want to thank the board and all of my colleagues at Enron," said Skilling, who replaced Lay as CEO in February.
"We regret Jeff's decision to resign, as he has been a big part of our success for over eleven years," said Lay. "But, we have the strongest and deepest talent we have ever had in the organization, our business is extremely strong, and our growth prospects have never been better."
Enron, which earned $979 million on revenue of $100.79 billion in 2000, owns a 25,000-mile gas pipeline and merchant power plants in the United States and abroad producing 9,000 megawatts of electricity.
The company has shed many energy assets, including the unit devoted to natural gas and crude oil drilling, now called EOG Resources Inc., to pursue its goal of becoming the industry's premier middleman, bringing together buyers and sellers of energy products. The company also trades metals, paper and fiber-optic bandwidth.
Skilling will continue to work as a consultant for the Houston-based natural gas and power marketing company.
Lay, who was Enron's CEO from 1985 until Feburary 2001, has also agreed to continue working for the company through 2005.
Shares of Enron were off $2.43, or 5 percent, to $40.50, in after-hours trading after finishing the regular session on the New York Stock Exchange up 78 cents to $42.93.
On the Net: http://www.enron.com
© 2017. All Rights Reserved. | Contact Us


text:
Forums > Photography Talk > Nikon D80 vs. D7000
This really isn't a question of which camera is better but about upgrading now versuses later. I currently own a Nikon D80 with a Kit 18-105mm VR II and 50mm 1.8D. I shoot a lot of low light concert pics. Here's the question:
Do I upgrade to a D7000
Do I buy 17-50mm 2.8 (Tamron), 28-75mm 2.8 (Sigma) or 70-200mm 2.8 (Tamron). 2 of the 3. Budget is a factor in my decision which is why i'm bringing this question to the experienced set of folks here.
Sep 11 13 07:35 pm Link
Posts: 38813
Detroit, Michigan, US
That is a much tougher question than you think. Normally one opts for better glass before a new body. The problem is that your camera was made before Nikon adopted the Expeed processor. When that happened, image quality improved dramatically as did low light performance.
The D7000 has been replaced with the D7100, but it is still two generations newer than your D80 is. Put another way, my D300s was far better than my D200 and the D7000 bested the image quality of my D300s as well.
So for my money, I'd buy a D7000 body, and if you had the budget, one of your lens choices. In this case though, I would say body before lens.
Sep 11 13 07:40 pm Link
Posts: 39245
Portland, Oregon, US
Photo by Darryl Cobb Jr wrote:
The D80 is pretty ancient, and ESPECIALLY if you are shooting low light, the improved high ISO performance of even a used D7000 will be a huge step forward for you.
Sep 11 13 07:50 pm Link
GPS Studio Services wrote:
Thanks for this. And it is VERY tough decision because every article I read was saying glass, glass, glass but didn't take into consideration my camera.
DougBPhoto wrote:
Thanks. I think I will do one of the smaller primes along with the D7000. Thanks again.
Photo by Darryl Cobb Jr wrote:
D7000 and 35mm 1.8 was a pretty sweet combo back when I was shooting Nikon. If you're not opposed to refurbs you can find the body for ~$700 online.
Sep 11 13 08:31 pm Link
T-D-L wrote:
Sep 11 13 08:35 pm Link
Posts: 7491
Norman, Oklahoma, US
I lost a D80 in a burglary and went and bought two to replace it. Does everything I need to do.
Sep 11 13 08:36 pm Link
Posts: 8886
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
I've still got my D80 & it's a piece of crap compaired to my D7000.
Get the D7000 & the 50 1.8G.
Sep 11 13 08:41 pm Link
Posts: 698
Saint Paul, Minnesota, US
I traded in my D80 for a D7000 last year. The D7000 is a major advancement in quality. And consider this since you're thinking about more glass. The D80 (unlike the D7000) has no dust removal system, meaning every time you change a lens you're risking getting dust on the sensor. I'd go with the D7000 and 35mm f1.8. I have that combination plus a 80-200mm zoom that I used with the D80.
Sep 11 13 08:47 pm Link
Posts: 2890
Orlando, Florida, US
Sorry but I was disappointed with the D7000 big time. I went back to using my D300s as a back up. I can't say enough how many misfocus and wb nightmares I had with the camera. Perhaps it was a dud but then again- I did some research online and I wasn't alone.
Sep 11 13 08:57 pm Link
Photo by Darryl Cobb Jr wrote:
If you can afford the 28mm then that'd be another option...just depends on how wide you want to go. On crop bodies I was rarely at 28mm with my zoom, but was frequently around 35-40mm...so I opted for a 35 (and now a 40mm). Used that lens almost exclusively for about 6 months, and it covered maybe 90% of my needs for my style of shooting at the time. Even now, while I appreciate a fast 50mm (and I used one exclusively for a year a while back, so I know they're capable lenses), I find that I'd rather shoot wider if possible on DX, and 35mm gives me a close approximation of 50mm on a FF body which was my ideal setup back in school. 28-35 is the ideal on a crop body for me though, YMMV.
Sep 11 13 08:58 pm Link
Posts: 1374
Houston, Texas, US
Photo by Darryl Cobb Jr wrote:
Just one man's opinion, but I think "glass, glass, glass" may be an outmoded concept. Good glass is good, but good bodies keep getting better. These days there are substantial improvements in digital cameras coming at a rapid pace. As pointed out above, a couple of generations make a very big difference in quality
Sep 11 13 09:49 pm Link
Posts: 36700
Los Angeles, California, US
Photo by Darryl Cobb Jr wrote:
Dump the D80... pass on getting all those after-market garbage lenses... keep your 18-105 ED-VR and the 50mm and pickup the D7100. Later on get the new Nikon 70-200 F4 Nanocoat... lightweight and razor sharp. The D7100 has an amazing low-noise sensor for your concert pics...
Sep 11 13 10:27 pm Link
Posts: 1484
New York, New York, US
The D5200 should have a better sensor and improved low light and cheaper than D7000 and both have the same focus system. I think the flip out LCD on the D52000 would be more useful.
Sep 11 13 10:35 pm Link
Yingwah Productions wrote:
Yes but it doesn't have the second wheel on it. My primary gig is shooting an open mic event that is on a stage. Having the wheel to change the shutter speed is a godsend. I'm fine looking through the viewfinder though.
Sep 11 13 10:45 pm Link
Select Models wrote:
I really do want the D7100 but I wouldn't want to sacrifice having a back up body to do it which is what my Nikon D80 is going to be. As my skill grows adn jobs start to pay more, budget will increase but for now. I'm feeding my art and passion. Thanks for the feedback on this.
Sep 11 13 10:53 pm Link
Posts: 7026
Eugene, Oregon, US
Regarding the D5200
Check out the new Auto ISO settings.
If you shoot without compensation or with a standard amount - this might solve the second wheel problem. Although the 50 will not focus on this body.
I agree on a new body.
I think the missing wheel can be worked around by reprogramming the camera. Maybe by using the Fn button.
or by changing the function of the wheel.
Sep 11 13 11:03 pm Link
The 50mm 1.8D won't AF on the D5200....dunno how important that is to the OP though...
Sep 12 13 12:15 am Link
Posts: 36700
Los Angeles, California, US
T-D-L wrote:
Good point... and another good reason to pickup the D7100 with the focus motor... PLUS... it's got Nikon's best auto focus system... that tried and true 51 point AF is a sure winner... works great in low light...
Sep 12 13 12:18 am Link
Posts: 20468
Roseville, California, US
Select Models wrote:
Oh Yeah!!!
Sep 12 13 12:38 am Link
Posts: 1053
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
I still have my D80 as a backup and walkaround but I'm looking forward to replacing it soon with something better, as somebody else said, Nikon made big improvements to their image processing with the D7000.
Sep 12 13 12:51 am Link
Posts: 10819
Seattle, Washington, US
D80 has CCD sensor. D7000 uses CMOS sensor. Big difference in higher ISO performance.
Sep 12 13 12:58 am Link
Posts: 249
Bristol, England, United Kingdom
Select Models wrote:
The Tamron 17-50 and 28-75 are NOT garbage lenses.
Sep 12 13 01:59 am Link
Posts: 3447
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
GreatMomentsPhotography wrote:
There's a known White Balance issue affecting jpegs. That means, if you convert in Cnx/2 or Vnx/2 you'll get the same issue - but converting in C1/LR?/etc and you're groovy I prefer my D90 over a D300s any day. The D300 blows away the D90 as a work-camera, since it's somewhat weather-resistant/takes CF Cards/doesn't have those goofy PCS' in the way/etc. The D90 has a higher Image Quality, a much higher ISO-ceiling (787 vs 997), better DR......... http://snapsort.com/compare/Nikon_D300S-vs-Nikon_D90 I gave mine to my Makeup Artist a while back, but once in a while I get bored and take a few shots with it still (And remember, the D7000 replaced the D90 - and smokes the pants off it in every way!) This is one image I made with it back in 2011 (18+): http://www.modelmayhem.com/portfolio/pic/31847751
Will_DB wrote:
When I was shooting crop-sensor, I wouldn't shoot with anything but fast primes. It's already bad enough that the sensors are smaller and cause a slight loss-of-detail when shooting models/fine details from a distance, but since they have less photosites to take light why give them less than you can with a prime? I think I only had a pair of 1.8's, a 50 & an 85. I just traded-in that 85 towards a new and better one, a G-model (AF-S). When I gave my old D90 to my MUA to learn on, I gave her my 50mm f/1.4D until I came across a nifty fifty for a steal
Sep 13 13 02:48 am Link
Posts: 2628
Jacksonville, Florida, US
I upgraded a couple years back from a D80 to the D7000. My son was playing Lacrosse at night and the D80 just couldn't do the job with an f4 lens. The D7000 was a big difference in low-light. Plenty of other features I liked as well.
Sep 13 13 07:00 am Link
Posts: 1484
New York, New York, US
Photo by Darryl Cobb Jr wrote:
If you're shooting manual, you just press a button or push in the wheel to switch between shutter and aperture. Once its set you won't need to change it.
Sep 13 13 09:59 am Link
Posts: 3447
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Yingwah Productions wrote:
I didn't realize he was into nautical photography; he only mentioned shooting events! That'd make for interesting portfolio additions.............
Sep 13 13 10:38 am Link
Posts: 3
Plano, Texas, US
I shoot with a D7000 with most of the time. I use the Nikon 35mm 1.8, 50mm 1.8, 18-105mm kit lens and a Tamron 28-75mm 2.8 along with a few others and absolutely love it. Great low light and awesome auto-focus. The wireless off camera flash is great function as-well. The video mode isn't bad either. I haven't had any issues with it at all. Just update the firm ware and keep on shooting.
Sep 13 13 10:54 am Link
Yingwah Productions wrote:
While all you said is true, it's just not how I feel comfortable working. The d5200 just doesn't fit with what I do. Once I get the d7000 or d7100 (if budget as able to accommodate it), the next step is some additional glass and eventually a full frame camera. When I shoot my spoken word event, I wouldn't want the liability if my camera fell on someone. However, as a secondary camera, it is attractive. Thanks for the input.
Sep 13 13 05:15 pm Link
I am so obsessed with my d7000 that I would highly recommend it.
I'm working with one lens right now, aside from when I borrow, and am saving up to get new glass as I go. (Working with only a 50 right now)
Sep 13 13 05:18 pm Link
Posts: 7497
London, England, United Kingdom
K I C K H A M wrote:
That's all you need, the lowly 50mm is sharp as a tack and allows for great low light shooting! I shot with my first camera for ten years with just a 50mm!
Sep 13 13 05:24 pm Link
London Fog wrote:
They are my babies. If anyone tries to touch them I hiss at them.
Sep 13 13 05:26 pm Link
Posts: 7497
London, England, United Kingdom
K I C K H A M wrote:
Haha, very nice babies too!
Sep 13 13 05:34 pm Link
K I C K H A M wrote:
As I'm learning more about photography, I'm loving the 50mm more as well. I like it so much I seriously am considering the 1.4G but I'm hearing the 1.8G is a better lens. Is this true? Have you shot with the either?
Sep 13 13 05:52 pm Link
Photo by Darryl Cobb Jr wrote:
I hear, and believe the 1.8 is much better.
Sep 13 13 06:01 pm Link
Posts: 6
Dallas, Texas, US
bro i bought i d7000 for mountain biking and use the d800 for work.... save up for a full frame instead of another crop sensor if you are passionate about photography....
Sep 14 13 03:05 pm Link
Posts: 603
Madison, Alabama, US
I own both and I have to say that this is one of the few times I'd advise someone to upgrade their body over upgrading their lenses. The d7000 gives you so much more latitude in low light situations. The high ISO performance of the D7000 is just superior in every way to the D80. You can get shots with your current lenses and the D7000 that you'd NEVER be able to get with you D80. I still think the D80 renders truer colors than the D7000 (the yellow hue drives me nuts with the D7000), but in ever other way, the D7000 is a far superior camera.
Sep 14 13 03:19 pm Link
Posts: 8886
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
enriquePHOTOs wrote:
So those who are shooting with a crop body aren't passionate about photography?
Sep 14 13 03:28 pm Link
Posts: 6
Dallas, Texas, US
Images by MR wrote:
its possible young lad, its an opinion. its a newbie camera but when its time to upgrade you might as well and save up bit more. just think about it, if you are upgrading why not upgrade to a full frame.
Sep 14 13 03:48 pm Link


text:
Maestro: A System for Scalable OpenFlow Control
The fundamental feature of an OpenFlow network is that the controller is responsible for the initial establishment of every flow by contacting related switches. Thus, the performance of the controller could be a bottleneck. This paper shows how this fundamental problem is addressed by parallelism. The state of the art OpenFlow controller, called NOX, achieves a simple programming model for control function development by having a single-threaded event-loop. Yet NOX has not considered exploiting parallelism. The authors propose Maestro which keeps the simple programming model for programmers, and exploits parallelism in every corner together with additional throughput optimization techniques.


text:
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text:
Refs' chief McEnaney lays down law ahead of crunch weekend
Attempts by team officials to influence referees in this weekend's four All-Ireland SFC games will have no impact whatsoever. That's according to Pat McEnaney, chair of the National Referees' Committee, who is telling managers to concentrate on their own duties.
"Let them look after their teams and I'll look after mine," said McEnaney at the end of a week where there was an outbreak of special pleading from counties.
Cork manager Brian Cuthbert described Mayo as "streetwise," while selector Ronan McCarthy went further, alleging the Connacht side are "good at tactical fouling".
Kildare manager Jason Ryan described Monaghan's top forward, Conor McManus as "probably the number one free winner in the country," adding that referee David Coldrick would be "keeping a very close eye on all the tackles".
The remarks drew a rebuke from Monaghan manager Malachy O'Rourke who described them as "a wee bit of gamesmanship".
"We all know what an honest player Conor is. We would be under the impression he doesn't get all the frees he merits," said O'Rourke.
Armagh manager Paul Grimley expressed reservations about how the black card and advantage rules were being applied and added that he hoped their clash with Meath would not be "besmirched by any poor decision-making".
That leaves the Galway v Kerry quarter-final as the only game where the camps made no comment to refereeing. McEnaney (left) dismissed the comments, insisting managers were wasting their time if they thought it would influence referees.
"This has been going on for the last 20 years and will probably be going on for the next 20 years.
" The referees will do what they always do – referee the games as they happen. Nothing else matters to them. If any of the managers want a job next year, they have can have mine," said McEnaney, whose term ends this year.
This evening's Armagh v Meath (5.0) and Kildare v Monaghan (7.0) ties will provide All-Ireland quarter-final opponents for Dublin and Donegal respectively. By 5.30 tomorrow, the first two semi-finalists will be known, following the Galway v Kerry (2.0) and Cork v Mayo (4.0) quarter-finals.
Irish Independent


text:
Orginally the function was in it's own ASM file and was linking it in. But to make it a little easier to trouble shoot here I did it inline. The problem is that I get a seg fault on the exit of the program. I checked the frame pointer and stack pointer before and after the function and they are identical so my function isn't screwing that up.
Anyone have any ideas?
Compiler: GCCCode:#include <stdio.h> int func (int, int); int main(void) { int x=5, y=10; int z = func(x,y); printf("%d\n", z); return 0; } int func (int x, int y) { int ret; asm(" pnum1 = 8 pnum2 = 12 lret = -4 movl pnum1(%ebp), %eax movl pnum2(%ebp), %ebx addl %ebx, %eax movl %eax, lret(%ebp) "); return ret; }
OS: Debian
Warnings: None


text:
HOLLYWOOD, May 27 (UPI) -- From the ashes of the Sept. 11 World Trade Center catastrophe a rising star has emerged: a New York cop named Daniel Rodriguez with the voice of an angel.
Rodriguez, a first generation Puerto Rican-American, is a barrel-chested tenor with operatic vocal cords reminiscent of Mario Lanza.
He dreams of playing Lanza in a movie biography.
Rodriguez's powerful voice will be heard on the PBS Fourth of July special "The Spirit of America Concert."
He sang his version of "God Bless America" at last year's World Series and the Thanksgiving Day Parade in Manhattan.
He opened the PBS Memorial Day Show with a ringing rendition of "America The Beautiful."
One of many NYPD heroes in the immediate aftermath of the hijacked airliners' crashes into the twin towers, Rodriguez helped restore order in the terrifying chaos that followed the terrorists' destruction of the two highest structures in the country.
Rodriguez was two blocks from the epicenter and went immediately into action with other NYPD officers and the New York Fire Department to help save lives.
Currently Rodriguez is on a national tour appearing with leading symphony orchestras singing songs from his first album "The Spirit of America," from
Manhattan Records, a division of Capitol Jazz & Classics.
On leave from the NYPD, of which he has been a member for eight years, Rodriguez is also studying with famed operatic tenor Placido Domingo's Vilar
Young Artists Program of the Washington Opera.
His album is selling briskly, helping to create new fans for the youthful-looking Rodriguez who shows promises of becoming the next Latino singing star.
Look out, Ricky Martin: Here comes the crooning cop!
He told United Press International this week, "I have been singing all my life, and now I have the opportunity to continue training my voice for concerts and opera.
"There is a second album in the works, and I would like to appear on television and investigate what movie opportunities may come along in the future.
"It is a dream come true for a guy from Brooklyn, where I was born and grew up.
"I live on Staten Island now. I wanted to see what the other side of the Brooklyn Bridge looked like. A lot more trees over there; as close to the country as I can get."
Rodriguez has become a celebrity, appearing on TV with Larry King and Oprah, and on the "Today Show," "Good Morning America" and ABC's "An American Celebration at Ford's Theatre."
Like Lanza, Rodriguez is a handsome, engaging man with a robust sense of humor and lust for life.
He doesn't hesitate to say, "Mario Lanza was a ladies' man. I am a family man. That's my story and I'm sticking to it.
"I'm a man of faith and my path has taken me step by step to attain my goals. The great tragedy in New York kind of put me in the media light. I've been singing and studying music since I was 12-years-old.
"All that hard work, and never letting go, has paid off since the 9-11 disaster. Now I'm living a dream.
"I was on the street under the buildings when the planes hit the towers.
"We helped as many people as we could; we were covered with dirt and debris and plaster. We helped people get out of lower Manhattan into tunnels, ferries and over bridges.
"I took a leave of absence for three months when Mr. Domingo asked me to study with him. He wants me to return next year. He's an amazing man. I love
"He is preparing the next crop of opera superstars to keep grand opera a part of world culture. Hopefully I will continue to pursue music.
"People say I have a voice like Lanza, who did films and TV, operetta and show tunes. I don't think he did a formal opera, but I believe he planned to.
"I hope I'm able to do what he did not. I want to sing operatic roles in the near future.
"Eventually I'll have to choose my future, which is music, and I will have to leave the police department.
"I'd feel bad about leaving police work. I will miss my brothers in blue. There's a strong bond among officers. Now as a civilian I still feel the need to help people in distress or danger.
"If I see something going on in the street, I automatically go there to see if I can lend a hand. I may be on leave but my training will never leave me.
"Of course, I want to fulfill my life ambition to be a singer but I'll always be a policeman at heart. I'll never pass a person in need."


text:
lotvic 18:07 09 Feb 2013
eysha1 you have 4 threads on the go today, all related to the same type of problem.
Please close at least this one by clicking on one of the big grey ticks at the right of any post and it will turn green. When page is refreshed the Thread will be marked 'Resolved'


text:
Saginaw Control and Engineering
95 Midland Road Saginaw, MI 48638-5770
(800) 234-6871 - Fax: (989) 799-4524
Product Specifications:
Part Number: SCE-90XD7818
Description: 2DR XD Enclosure
Height: 90.00"
Width: 77.75"
Depth: 18.00"
Price Code: A2
List Price: $5,214.27
Catalog Page: 160
Est. Ship Weight: 1,155.00 lbs
- 0.125 In. carbon steel.
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- Defeater on master door requires a screwdriver to open.
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- Mechanical interlock activated by master door prevents slave doors from being opened first. Doors can be closed in any order.
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- Provisions for light kit.
- Provision for 200 amp disconnect or less (Ref. D1 Cutout) - for use with Allen Bradley, Square D and Eaton (FHS) models only
- Hole plugs provided to seal holes in bottom of enclosure.
Designed to house the main power supply in external enclosure on the right side of main enclosure, keeping the live side of the power supply separate from the primary electrical equipment. Provides protection from dirt, dust, oil and water and
can house most standard type disconnects.
ANSI-61 gray powder coating inside and out. Sub-panels are powder coated white.
Part numbers ending in "G" have galvanized subpanels installed.
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Disconnect switch (or circuit breaker) and operating mechanism are not furnished with enclosure.
SCE-125738 Defeater kit is required for use with Mechanical Defeater when using Siemens and ABB Flange mount Disconnect.
*Part numbers ending in "G" have galvanized sub-panels installed.
Special Instructions apply for IS3, IS4 and IS6 to maintain the environmental rating of Type 3R for these parts. Instructions are located on the enclosure door. Drip shield is required on IS3, drip shield is recommended on IS4 and IS6. Drain holes are required on all.
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Subpanel, Bent
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Similar Part Numbers
Installation Information
- Removable Wire Cover
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text:
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CANTON -- The Canton Police Deptartment is investigating a larceny of handbags from the Brewer Bookstore, Park Street, which occurred on Saturday Feb. 8 around 4:11p.m. The Canton Police are looking for the public's assistance in identifying the two people pictured.
Anyone who has information or recognizes these subjects,should call the Canton Police Department at 386-4561.


text:
Ozzie Kotani: Ki Ho`alu Vol. 1 - DVD
Ozzie KotaniCopyright Year(s): 2007
Genre: INSTRUCTION
Format: DVD
Price: $0.00
Track List & Samples(Tracks with sample are bold.)
Album NotesOZZIE KOTANI: KI HO`ALU VOL. 1 will be a treasured DVD resource to interested and curious guitarists of all fingerstyles.
Slack key artist Ozzie Kotani reveals in depth how he plays the unique Hawaiian guitar style known as ki ho`alu (slack key). In his refined teaching style, Ozzie demonstrates the fundamentals of the folk tradition in the Taro Patch Tuning, offering extensive hints, options and suggestions. Explore ki ho`alu at your own pace with Ozzie as he brings you into the tradition with a focused process and compositions that springboards the viewer into playing slack key. Then, progress to higher levels as Ozzie demonstrates his emphasis on gaining a sense of ownership in the execution of a song, by stepping away from tablature, and improvising.
ADVANCED FEATURE: Presentations of "Pauoa Liko Ka Lehua," "Maika'i Ka Makani O Kohala," and "Kaula Ili." This section will challenge and inspire students to apply what they have learned in the traditional manner by watching, listening and then experimenting without the use of any notation.
CHAPTERS INCLUDE: Introduction to Slack Key, The History of Slack Key, Tunings, Taro Patch Tuning, How to Read Tablature Notation, Techniques and Ornamentations: Vamps, Ritard, Sustain, Barre, Chimes, Strum, Slides, Pull Offs, Add Ons, Hammers, Right Hand, Left Hand, Tuning by Frets, Developing a Picking Style; Open and Closed Positions; Improvised & Embellished.
PLAY TIME: Approximately 85 minutes; NTSC; English; Not Rated
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Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA) recorded 327,166 abortions by its affiliates, according to its annual report released Dec. 11. That total marked a drop of nearly 6,800 of the lethal procedures from the previous year, when PPFA's affiliates provided a record 333,964 abortions.
Other aspects of Planned Parenthood's report were not as encouraging, but its 2 percent decline in abortion procedures was part of a series of welcome news for pro-life advocates in recent months. In other news: ...
I'm sure the morning after pill is skewing the figures on abortion. SA will have to put up a thread on the pill(s) to really have an adequate discussion of it. There's strong feeling on both sides about the Morning after and the day before pills.
But of course note, and this addresses fathers even more than mothers?
Psalm 1273 Behold, children are a gift of the LORD; The fruit of the womb is a reward.4 Like arrows in the hand of a warrior, So are the children of one's youth.5 How blessed is the man whose quiver is full of them; They shall not be ashamed, When they speak with their enemies in the gate.---NASB


text: > The filesystem image on the root disk (root.bin) shouldn't > use ext2 extensions that are incompatible with 2.0.x kernels. > > The current image uses those extensions, making it impossible to > modify the filesystem with a slink system. > > (I'm trying to see some error message that are quickly erased > by an installation dialog, but I can't even look at the filesystem > to see if I can modify the script to preserve the messages.) Looking at the current code I see how it is created: mke2fs -F -q -N $inodes -m 0 $floppy -F is force even for odd geometry -q is quiet -N looks like it sets the number of inodes or the inode/byte ratio -m sets the reserved-blocks-percentage Nothing that looks 2.2 specific. However there may be some implicit extensions if one creates an ext2 with current mke2fs and 2.2.x. Regards, Joey -- GNU GPL: "The source will be with you... always." Please always Cc to me when replying to me on the lists.


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Apr 16, 2010 Phil Blackwell Uncategorized
After a brief dip, the Chittenango baseball team swung back to form in last Monday's game against Fulton, ripping the Red Raiders 14-1 at DiChristina Field.
It actually was a 1-1 game until the bottom of the second inning, when the Bears got to Fulton pitcher Josh Collins for five runs, then tacked on four more runs in the third to make it 10-1, and a runaway.
Chittenango had 10 hits, including Devin Christopher's triple as he finished with three RBIs. Wes Burghardt doubled and drove in two runs as Greg Jasek, Brendan Galek, Ryan Kendrick and Andrew Lampman each had one RBI.
Given such generous support, Bears pitcher Kevin Streeter did not ease up, going all seven innings as he surrendered just three hits.
The Bears went for back-to-back wins on Tuesday, against Jamesville-DeWitt, but could not hang on in the late going as it took a 6-4 loss to the Red Rams.
With Burghardt on his way to three RBIs and Christopher also driving in a run, Chittenango led, 3-1, through four innings, only to see J-D go in front with three runs in the fifth and two more tallies in the sixth.
Mike Moon took the loss, with Jeff Pierce working in relief. Mike Gianni and Eric Thompson each got two RBIs to lead the Rams' rally.
Looking to bounce back Thursday, against Fowler, the Bears did so, beating the Falcons 5-1, though it was far from easy.
Even with good pitching from Burghardt, Chittenango was only in a 1-1 tie until the top of the fifth, when it got to Fowler for four runs to move ahead for good. And Burghardt helped his own cause with a pair of RBIs — though five Falcon errors helped, too.
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We have updated our Privacy Policy and encourage you to read it by clicking here.
I have worked as an IT Manager in my career, and I know the pain involved with supporting systems that are a chaotic mix of different technologies and integration methodologies. I think that is one reason I am so drawn to the idea that HTML5 will help simplify enterprise mobility for many IT organizations. Build once and then use across multiple mobile operating systems and device types. That is the HTML5 dream!HTML5 AdvancingA new study from Netbiscuits, a mobile software firm, revealed that a majority of the top-selling 10 smartphones in the United States have adopted HTML5 features. According to the article, "Between 70% and 90% of the top devices support key HTML5 programming elements including offline Web application capability, a geolocation API, 2D animation rendering and Web storage.
More HTML5 Apps for Your ReviewHTML5 Apps What Can HTML5 Offer Mobile Developers?HTML5 - What I am LearningProjections for and Demonstrations of HTML5HTML5, Enterprise Mobility and Visual Effects Challenges with HTML5 for Mobile Applications More on HTML5 for Mobile Application DevelopersWhat Can HTML5 Offer Mobile Developers?HTML5 - What I am Learning*************************************************************


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Chamber announces new board
The Fargo Moorhead West Fargo Chamber has named the 2012-13 Board of Directors. Wayne Bradley, president and owner of Bradley Business Advisors, has been named chair of the board of directors. Bernie Dardis, CEO of Indigo Signworks, has been named chair elect. Doug Restemayer, president of D-S Beverages, Inc., has been named treasurer.
Kristi Ulrich, vice president of marketing and public relations for Heritage Homes and Prudential Premier Real Estate, is the immediate past chair for the board. She served as chair from 2011-12.
Other executive committee members include Norm Leslie, National Hospitality Services.
New board members include: Doug Vang, Essentia Health; and Paul Von Ebers, Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Dakota.
Returning board members include: Tom Astrup, American Crystal Sugar Company; Renee Bourdeaux, InterceptEFT; Chuck Driscoll, Red River Refrigeration; Don Gronke, State Farm - Don Gronke; Katie Hasbargen,Microsoft; Kathy Lewin, Forum Communications Printing; Paul Richard, Sanford Health; Jon Riewer, Eventide Senior Living Communities; and Edna Szymanski, Minnesota State University Moorhead.


text: We spent two nights in this B&B and couldn't have been treated better. Barb and Arnie are top-notch hosts and went out of their way to ensure we had everything we needed. Barb is an excellent cook which you'll find out should you stay here. As this B&B only has two rooms, it's very private and quiet. Our bed was... More


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Perhaps beyond all argument is the assertion that no other work by William Shakespeare—and certainly none of the Bard's tragedies—has been adapted for the stage or screen in a looser manner than Romeo and Juliet. Doubtlessly, the popularity of the play and its expansive potential for adaptation is due to the story of star-crossed lovers being more universal than, say, the story of an ambitious gangster or identical twins crossing paths. As history has proven quite strongly, that universal issue of couples whom others believe should not be has the power to transcend not just time and space but genre. Romeo and Juliet has been told with dancing gangs of New York on film and on stage as a severely compressed play within a play in which the actors on stage play students being given twenty minutes to create their own ten minute version.
What director Baz Luhrman realized quite early on during the process of choosing Romeo and Juliet to be the follow-up to his breakthrough film Strictly Ballroom is that staging a simple representational version of the one Shakespearean play that almost literally every person on earth seems familiar with not only seems impossible, but fruitless. When a piece of drama reaches the level of saturation into the fabric of society that the Bard's tale of "TWO households, both alike in dignity, In fair Verona" (Shakespeare 245) it is almost as if producers have no choice but to consider some way of injecting a little bit originality into it—in any way possible—to perk up the proceedings. Which is why fair Verona in Luhrman's film becomes Verona Beach in a version that Buhrmann has declared to be his vision of what a film version of Romeo and Juliet directed by Shakespeare might look like.
Those expecting merely to see two ridiculously overaged movie stars trading Shakespearean verse in a movie such as when Norma Shearer and Leslie Howard appeared on screens in the 1930s or two age-appropriate actors enjoying their moment of fleeting stardom like Olivia Hussey and Leonard Whiting in the 1960s should prepare themselves for the shock of West Side Story without the name changes (or, at least, not such drastic name changes) and with a soundtrack that is decidedly more Johnny Rotten than Johnny Mathis.
What Baz Luhrman's redesign of Italy's Verona into California's gang-infested Verona Beach manages to accomplish is not all that far removed from the kind of bare-bones budgeting of an experimental community theater mounting a multimedia production in which production design requires the services of a talented graffiti artist and costume design consists basically of hitting local thrift shops. Or any one of thousands of other examples of how the stultifying familiarity of Shakespeare's most timeless love is every year adapted by some independent filmmaker or theater with the creative hope of appealing to audiences not normally considered a segment of the mainstream audience for whom Shakespeare represents must-see entertainment. Baz Luhrman's appropriation of Romeo and Juliet which ultimately results in some members of Shakespeare's Capulet clan becoming part of the Montague gang in the film and vice versa and which introduces drug abuse, guns and music by the Butthole Surfers into that sea of familiarity represents another step forward in the progression of Romeo and Juliet in which the only possible effective staging of the tragedy inches ever closer to the avant-garde.


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Tense confrontations broke out at @realDonaldTrump's rally in New Orleans moments ago. https://t.co/AYnfLtBPBK
— MSNBC (@MSNBC) March 5, 2016
crowd here is angry. protester w KKK trump sign got it ripped away and then small fight ensued #trump pic.twitter.com/nyOhAS5nbg
— Amy K. Nelson (@AmyKNelson) March 5, 2016
part of ugly confrontation be protestors and security and random white dudes who thot it was ok to do this #trump pic.twitter.com/aHNJiRub00
— Amy K. Nelson (@AmyKNelson) March 5, 2016


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NEW YORK, Feb. 4 (UPI) -- Business activity in New York City rose in January, its second fastest expansion in nine months, the Institute of Supply Management said Monday.
A report from ISM-NY Inc. said the city's Index for Current Business Conditions came in at 56.7 in January, 1 point behind a revised 57.7 reading for December.
While the index measuring current conditions was relatively strong, the index measuring optimism for the next half a year, the Six-Month Outlook index, fell to a four-month low, dropping to 60 from a revised December reading of 69.
In the index, figures above 50 indicate growth and figures below 50 indicate contraction.
For January, the employment index rose to a four-month high, climbing to 53.1 from December's mark of 49.7, which was a seven-month low.
ISM said for the first time in three months the most common response to a list of business impediments was "no difficulties."
In January, 32 percent of respondents said "no difficulties" while 25 percent indicated that a shortage of skilled labor was a business concern.
A working capital shortage was listed by 21 percent of the respondents. That was followed by security concerns, listed by 18 percent.


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Keeping them at home and feeding them insects is not really necessary. The pet birds tend to change their food habits as they grow ie according to the way they are fed. They can be fed with seeds, grains, green food, nuts and fresh water in abundance. Take a look at the top love bird food types for a better care of the feathery friends.
Top 8 Foods For Love Birds -
1. Whole cereals and whole grains: Amaranth, Barley, Couscous, Flax, whole-grain Pastas, Oat, Quinoa (truly a Fruit but used as a Cereal), whole-Wheat, Wild-Rice, whole Rices.
2. Edible flowers: Carnations, Chamomille, Chives, Dandelion, Day Lilies, Eucalyptus, Fruit tree's blossoms, Herbs' blossoms, Hibiscus, Honeysuckle, Impatiens, Lilac, Nasturtiums, Pansies, Passion Flower, Roses, Sunflowers, Tulips, Violets. Note that the leaves of some of these plants are poisonous to pets like Love birds.
3. Greens and grasses: Bok-Choy, Broccoli &/or Cauliflower leaves, Cabbage leaves, Collard greens, Dandelion leaves, Kelp, Mustard leaves, Seaweeds, Spirulina
4. Fruits: All Apple varieties (remove all seeds as they are poisonous) , fresh Banana, all Berries varieties, all Citrus varieties, Grapes, Kiwi, Mango, Melons, Nectarine, Papaya, Peach, all Pear varieties, Plum, Star-fruit.
5. Legumes: Almonds, Beans, Lentils, Peas, Nuts and Tofu. They contain a lot of proteins and vitamins.
6. Grain and legume sprouts: Adzuki beans, Alfalfa beans, Buckwheat, Lentils, Mungo beans, Pinto beans, Red Kidney beans, Sesame seeds, Sunflower seeds.
7. Vegetables: Beet, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Carrots, Cucumber, all Cabbage varieties, fresh Beans, fresh Romane Lettuce, fresh Peas, Parsnip, all Pepper varieties, all Squash varieties, Sweet potatoes, Tomato, Turnip, Yams, Zucchini.
8. Pellets: There are special pellets made for pet birds like love birds and parrots which can be a healthy addition to the diet.
There are a few food items which are a big no for the love birds like Lima, Navy beans, Avocado, and Rhubarb. These food stuff can cause damage to pet's liver.


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Full of Wonder and jockey Todd Kabel, ran down race favorite Perfect Soul in the final strides to win Saturday's $324,400 Niagara Breeders' Cup Stakes (gr. I-C) at Woodbine.A 4-year-old colt owned by Sam-Son Farm, Full of Wonder entered the 1 ½-mile event with four wins already under his belt this year, but without a stakes victory to his credit.Through fractions of :25.10, :49.50, 1:13.89, and 1:37.83 for the mile, Kabel had the son of Mr. Prospector saving ground near the back of the pack. Kabel and the Ontario-bred followed Perfect Soul around the far turn, and into contention for the long stretch drive. In mid-stretch, Kabel asked the dark bay for run, and he responded to engage Perfect Soul and capture a lead in deep stretch. Full of Wonder won by 3/4 length.The 1 ½ mile time of 2:26.18, over the "firm" going, was only two-fifths of a second off the course record set by Raintrap in the 1994 Canadian International.The victory was Todd Kabel's ninth stakes win of the season, which gives him the current jockey colony lead."It seems like the farther he goes, the better he is," said Kabel. "I saw Robert (Landry with Perfect Soul) and he cruised pretty easily to the lead. Robert's horse had a quick turn of foot compared to my horse and I knew I could wear him down if it was possible, and we did exactly that. This horse has really matured. Today, he ran a very powerful race."Trainer Mark Frostad, who has won the Niagara three times (with Desert Waves in 1996 and 1997, and with Chief Bearhart in 1998), was very pleased to be back in the winner's circle.
"We're very happy, he's a lovely horse," said Frostad. "He's beautifully bred and he's been running well this year. He finally got his stakes win and we're thrilled."Full of Wonder returned $5.30, $2.60, $2.30 combining with Perfect Soul ($2.60, $2.60) for a $10.90 exacta. Muntej (Perfect Soul's stablemate) was third. Strike Smartly (Full of Wonder's stablemate) was fourth. (Chart, Equibase)


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Teenagers From Outer Space
Indie filmmaker Tom Graeff, inspired to make his own movie after completing a grip job on Roger Corman's Not of This Earth, convinced monster maker Paul Blaisdell to design the dime store ray gun mirror-reflective gags and the beat-up spray-painted flying saucer shell with the visible crack in it for his magnum opus, which has belatedly attained cult status. Graeff is onscreen in a small role as a reporter. A five minute cutdown of this has been a staple of The Movie Orgy since forever. An in-depth post-mortem on Graeff and his movie can be found here: The Out-Loud Life And Silent Death Of 'Teenagers From Outer Space' Creator Tom Graeff – Happy Nice Time People.
About Joe Dante
Joe Dante is a lifelong film buff who turned his obsession into a career. He got his start cutting trailers for Roger Corman and later directed the hit movie Gremlins, as well as Gremlins 2: The New Batch, for producer Steven Spielberg. His feature films include The Howling, Innerspace, Matinee, Small Soldiers, The 'burbs and the 3-D thriller titled The Hole, first winner of the 3D Persol Award at the Venice Film Festival. His TV directing work includes: the HBO film, The Second Civil War, the "Masters of Horrors" titles, Homecoming and The Screwfly Solution, episodes of Eerie, Indiana , which he was in on the creation of, as well as episodes of CSI: NY, Hawaii 5-0 and Salem. His latest feature, the zom-com Burying the Ex, is currently available on VOD.


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Issues of concern to people who live in the west: property rights, water rights, endangered species, livestock grazing, energy production, wilderness and western agriculture. Plus a few items on western history, western literature and the sport of rodeo... Frank DuBois served as the NM Secretary of Agriculture from 1988 to 2003. DuBois is a former legislative assistant to a U.S. Senator, a Deputy Assistant Secretary of Interior, and is the founder of the DuBois Rodeo Scholarship.
Friday, February 22, 2013
Science synthesis to help guide land management of nation's forests
A team of more than a dozen scientists from the U.S. Forest Service's Pacific Southwest (PSW) and Pacific Northwest research stations, universities and Region 5 Ecology Program recently released a synthesis of relevant science that will help inform forest managers as they revise plans for the national forests in the Sierra Nevada and southern Cascades of California. The three most southern national forests in the Sierra Nevada—Inyo, Sequoia and Sierra—will be among the first of the 155 national forests to update their management plans. The new planning rule requires the forests to consider the best available science and encourages a more active role for research in plan development. At the request of Region 5 leadership and stakeholders, the team embarked on a year-long effort to summarize and integrate recent scientific advances across key topics including forest and fire ecology; soils; aquatic ecosystems; terrestrial wildlife; air quality; and social, economic and cultural components—all of which make up socioecological systems. The synthesis distilled important findings from recent studies about how to make systems more resilient to stressors, such as changes in climate, introduced species, and risk of uncharacteristically large and severe wildfires...more
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An abandoned dog saved a student from a nasty experience on holiday...so she repaid the favor by rescuing her right back
A British woman who was assaulted on a beach in Greece was saved by an unlikely hero: a small black dog she named Pepper.
Georgia Bradley, 25, was on holiday on the Greek island of Crete when she was approached by two men on a remote beach. They asked her to go for a drink with them, and when she refused, things got heated. One of the men grabbed her arm aggressively.
"I was terrified," said Georgia, whose boyfriend had gone to a cafe alone. Suddenly, a small black dog appeared at her side, and she barked so much that the men were scared off.
Georgia, 25, recognized the dog; she had seen Pepper several times wandering around the streets, "trying to get the attention of tourists".
"Pepper shot out of nowhere, jumped up at me and began barking and licking my hand, and that made the men think twice," Georgia explained. "She saved me. She must have noticed something was wrong. When I went back to the apartment she followed me and finally let us stroke her. We had an instant bond."
Georgia spent the rest of her holiday with Pepper, and when she flew back to the UK she couldn't get the dog out of her mind.
"When we left to go to the airport, we looked back and Pepper was running after the car. It was heartbreaking."
Georgia, a university student, decided to return to Greece and find her little friend. After a five-week search and two more visits to the island, she managed to find Pepper on the same beach they had first met.
"It was a real risk because we may never have found her again," Georgia admitted. "But when we saw Pepper on the beach, it was the best feeling ever."
She took her to a local vet and an animal shelter, but nobody could help. The only option was to adopt Pepper herself.
It cost Georgia a massive £6000 ($9500) to get Pepper microchipped, vaccinated and flown to her new home in Cornwall, England. But love knows no boundaries, and that's not all: Pepper had another surprise in store when she gave birth to six beautiful puppies shortly after arriving in the UK.
"It has been such a crazy journey," Georgia said. "But I am over the moon. Pepper has settled in brilliantly."
Story and all images courtesy of SWNS News Agency
This article (Stray Dog Protects Woman From Beach Attack In Greece (With A Very Happy Ending!)) is free and open source. You have permission to republish this article under a Creative Commons license with attribution to the author and TrueActivist.com.


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EPON vs. GPON: A Practical Comparison
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Increasingly competing with copper as the infrastructure for access networks, fiber is making rapid headway in the world's leading technology-adopter markets. With passive-optical-networking (PON) technology gaining popularity, two point-to-multipoint standards Ethernet passive optical networking (EPON) and ATM-based broadband passive optical networking (BPON) are both in active deployment. Meanwhile, industry observers view ATM-based Gigabit passive optical networking (GPON) as the eventual successor to BPON, anticipating that mass deployment is at least two years away. GPON defines a completely new protocol designed to support multiple services in their native formats.
Often seen as a "replacement" technology for traditional broadband solutions such as DSL or cable-modem, PON, in its various flavors, promises bandwidths of up to one gigabit and beyond. ATM-based passive optical networking (APON), and subsequently BPON, got an early start, with the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) ratification of the G.983 standard. In January 2003, ITU ratified GPON, but it has not yet reached the deployment stage.
Meanwhile, in June 2004, the IEEE ratified EPON as the IEEE802.3ah standard. Since then, it has been rapidly adopted in Japan. EPON is also gaining momentum with carriers in China, Korea, and Taiwan.
While GPON promoters argue that the ITU standard is approaching maturity faster than the IEEE EPON standard, EPON advocates cite the recent emergence of the IEEE standard, deployments of EPON underway, and announced deployment plans by carriers as strong evidence of EPON's acceptance. Additionally, EPON partisans note that most data begins and ends its life as IP/Ethernet traffic, and they ask the question, why interpose still another protocol encapsulation?
As you can see from above, the debate over EPON and GPON runs deep. In this article, we'll provide a practical comparison of the two technologies. Let's start by looking at the key differences between the two technologies and examine the strengths of each protocol.
GPON and EPON Differences
Perhaps the most dramatic distinction between the two protocols is a marked difference in architectural approach. GPON provides three Layer 2 networks: ATM for voice, Ethernet for data, and proprietary encapsulation for voice. EPON, on the other hand, employs a single Layer 2 network that uses IP to carry data, voice, and video.
A multiprotocol transport solution supports the GPON structure (Figure 1). Using ATM technology, virtual circuits are provisioned for different types of services sent from a central office location primarily to business end users. This type of transport provides high-quality service, but involves significant overhead because virtual circuits need to be provisioned for each type of service. Additionally, GPON equipment requires multiple protocol conversions, segmentation and reassembly (SAR), virtual channel (VC) termination and point-to-point protocol (PPP).
EPON provides seamless connectivity for any type of IP-based or other "packetized" "communications" (Figure 2). Since Ethernet devices are ubiquitous from the home network all the way through to regional, national and worldwide backbone networks, implementation of EPONs can be highly cost-effective. Furthermore, based on continuing advances in the transfer rate of Ethernet-based transport now up to 10 Gigabit Ethernet EPON service levels for customers are scalable from T1 (1.5 Mbit/s) up through 1 Gbit/s.
Comparisons and Contrasts
Clearly, there are some distinct differences between EPON and GPON at Layer 2. However, these aren't the only differences between the technologies. Designers will also find differences in terms of bandwidth, reach, efficiency, per-subscriber costs, and management. Let's look at each of these elements in more detail.
1. Usable Bandwidth
Bandwidth guarantees vary between the two protocols: GPON promises 1.25-Gbit/s or 2.5-Gbit/s downstream, and upstream bandwidths scalable from 155 Mbit/s to 2.5 Gbit/s. EPON delivers 1-Gbit/s symmetrical bandwidth. EPON's Gigabit Ethernet service actually constitutes 1 Gbit/s of bandwidth for data and 250 Mbit/s of bandwidth for encoding. The approach of EPON, as part of the Gigabit Ethernet standard, parallels that of Fast Ethernet, which also uses 25 percent for encoding.
GPON's 1.25-Gbit service specifies a usable bandwidth of 1.25 Gbit/s, with no requirement for encoding. Will the additional 250 Mbit/s promised by GPON promoters stand as a clear advantage for GPON? The answer may lie not in the sheer bandwidth comparisons, but in the practicality of 1.25-Gbit uplinks.
Gigabit Ethernet interfaces to the aggregation switch, central office, and metro are currently the cost-effective way to aggregate 1-Gbit ports for transport. With no cost-effective switches for 1.25 Gbit available, the added bandwidth promised by GPON, although measurable, could come at a significant premium over the price of EPON equipment. In other words, the low-cost uplink for the foreseeable future is likely to be Gigabit Ethernet, which is the exact bit rate of EPON. In that light, GPON's "added" bandwidth may not prove advantageous for carriers.
2. Reach
With either protocol, the practical limitation to reach comes from the optical-link budget. With the reach of both protocols currently specified at approximately 20 kilometers, the difference in split rates the number of optical network units (ONUs) supported by one optical line terminal (OLT) is a point of differentiation.
GPON promises to support up to 128 ONUs. With the EPON standard, there is no limit on the number of ONUs. Depending on the laser diode amplitude, when using low-cost optics, EPON can typically deliver 32 ONUs per OLT, or 64 with forward error correction (FEC).
3. Per-subscriber costs
The use of EPON allows carriers to eliminate complex and expensive ATM and Sonet elements and to simplify their networks, thereby lowering costs to subscribers. Currently, EPON equipment costs are approximately 10 percent of the costs of GPON equipment, and EPON equipment is rapidly becoming cost-competitive with VDSL.
4. Efficiencies of Each Standard
With both PON protocols, a fixed overhead is added to convey user data in the form of a packet. In EPONs, data transmission occurs in variable-length packets of up to 1518 bytes according to the IEEE 802.3 protocol for Ethernet. In ATM-based PONs, including GPONs, data transmission occurs in fixed-length 53-byte cells (with 48-byte payload and 5-byte overhead) as specified by the ATM protocol. This format makes it inefficient for GPONs to carry traffic formatted according to IP, which calls for data to be segmented into variable-length packets of up to 65,535 bytes.
For GPONs to carry IP traffic, the packets must be broken into the requisite 48-byte segments with a 5-byte header for each. This process is time-consuming and complicated and adds cost to the central-office OLTs as well as the customer premise-based ONUs. Moreover, 5 bytes of bandwidth are wasted for every 48-byte segment, creating an onerous overhead that is commonly referred to as the "ATM cell tax". (This is the case with GPON's ATM encapsulation mode. In its other encapsulation mode, called GEM, the ATM cell tax does not apply.)
By contrast, using variable-length packets, Ethernet was made for carrying IP traffic and can significantly reduce the overhead relative to ATM. One study shows that when considering trimode packet size distribution, Ethernet packet encapsulation overhead was 7.42 percent, while ATM packet encapsulation overhead was 13.22 percent.1
In addition, since Ethernet frames contain a vastly higher ratio of data to overhead than GPON, that high utilization can be reached while using low-cost optics. The more precise timing required with GPON results in more expensive optics. High-precision optics are mandatory as part of the GPON standard.
5. Management systems
EPON requires a single management system, versus three management systems for the three Layer 2 protocols in GPON, which means EPON results in a significantly lower total cost of ownership. EPON also does not require multiprotocol conversions, and the result is a lower cost of silicon.
GPON does not support multicast services, which makes support for IP video more bandwidth-consuming.
6. Support for CATV Overlay
Both protocols support a cable television (CATV) overlay, which meets requirements for a high-speed downstream video service. EPON wavelengths are 1490 nanometers downstream and 1310 nanometers upstream, leaving the 1550-nanometer wavelength for a CATV overlay similar to the wavelengths for BPON and GPON.
7. Encryption
With GPON, encryption is part of the ITU standard. However, GPON encryption is downstream only.
EPON, on the other hand, uses an AES-based mechanism, which is supported by multiple silicon vendors and deployed in the field. Furthermore, EPON encryption is both downstream and upstream.
8. Network Protection
Both protocols provide vendor-specific and carrier-specific protection. This includes support for vendor-specific and carrier-specific operations, administration and maintenance (OAM).
Wrap Up
While pundits are lining up in opposite corners of the ring, it's still unclear whether EPON or GPON will prevail or if each will take its own share in a burgeoning market. One thing is clear: fiber deployments will continue expanding, and at the expense of copper, as consumer demands for "triple-play" (video, voice and data) grow.
About the Author
Onn Haran is the chief technology officer at Passavé. Onn holds a B.Sc. (cum laude) from the Technion, Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, and a M.Sc. in Electrical Engineering from Tel-Aviv University. He can be reached at email@example.com.