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I would like to hire a Web Developer
Bajet $250-750 USD
I need a new website. I need you to design and build a landing page. I just started my own public relations agency and would like a simple splash page which I can build on when I have more budget at a later date.
62 pekerja bebas membida secara purata $438 untuk pekerjaan ini
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Daniel Pozmanter - 2004-10-02
3.5.5 is out. Folks, you will need to reset you shortcuts on this one. Sorry about that. I've made the Open Imported Module dialog extra shiny. Plus some key bugfixes here and there (onclose, and got rid of that annoying first install plugin issue with the custom toolbar file).

subset: commoncrawl


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It's another all-star day on Crafts 'n Coffee! Last week, it was Monster Mike from Monsters University, and joining us today are the busy little Minions from Despicable Me 2. Once again, designer Kathleen George has outdone herself making these
adorable evil little henchmen. These little guys don't look capable of evil, do they? If you'd like to build your own evil empire populated with crafty little Minions, here's how.
To make a Minion, you'll need:
- STYROFOAM™ Brand Foam: 4" ball
- Crayola Model Magic: Yellow, black, green
- Wiggle eyes: 15mm and 18mm
- Chenille stems in black (thin)
- Thick, white craft glue
- Tools needed: Scissors; serrated knife or plastic knife*; rolling pin; wood skewer; optional: Exacto® knife
*Note: Children should never use a serrated knife or Exacto knife. Have children use the plastic knife under close supervision of an adult.
To make a Minion:
1. To make the body, cut a small slice from the four sides of the ball; do not cut off the top or bottom of the ball. Slice off the pointed ridges from each corner. Firmly roll your "tube" shape on your work surface to smooth it out. The body should look like a capsule when you're done.
2. Roll a large ball of yellow clay into a very thin, flat rectangle. Wrap the clay around the body, keeping it as smooth as possible. Trim away excess clay with nail scissors, and continue to smooth with fingers and the rolling pin.
3. Place the wiggle eye(s) on the face and gently push down to create an impression. Remove the wiggle eye – you'll glue it on later.
4. Note: You'll make all of the yellow features and arms first, and then move on to the black clay. That way, you won't transfer the black clay to the yellow clay, your hands, or the tools.
- Nose: Roll a small tube from yellow clay and pinch a point in one end. Firmly press the nose onto the face, positioning it under the eyes. Add two nostrils with the tip of a wooden skewer.
- Ears: Press two tiny balls of clay into half balls, and press to the sides of the face. Make a depression in the ear with the wooden skewer.
- Arms: Roll two short tubes for arms, and pinch one end on each arm to create a flat hand. Use nail scissors to make snips for fingers, and gently shape the hand. Put aside — you'll add the arms later.
5. Switch to the black clay, being careful to keep the colors separate.
- Pants: Roll a small ball of black clay into a thin, flat circle. Using scissors, cut out a 2-1/2" diameter circle. Press the clay circle onto the bottom of the body, and then gently position and press down the edges of the circle so that the "waistband" is evenly placed all around. Trim off excess clay, and use your fingers and rolling pin to smooth out the clay.
- Mouth: Roll a tiny tube of black clay, and carefully press to face.
- Cap (optional): Roll flat a small ball of black clay. Place on top of head and smooth out, snipping away excess clay. Repeat, cutting second circle in half to create a bill for the cap. Press bill into place.
- Feet: Roll flat a small ball of clay. Using scissors, cut out long, rounded feet. Place the feet on a scrap piece of paper, and set the body on the feet. Press to attach. (Placing the Minion on the paper makes it easier to move it around without distorting the feet.)
- Hair: Roll tiny lengths of clay and attach to head.
- Belt, pockets, buttons, etc.: Cut accessories from thin, flat pieces of clay, and press onto body.
6. Finish the assembly:
- Eyes: Glue wiggle eyes in place.
- Arms: Glue to the sides of Minion.
7. Gently set aside to dry thoroughly. This may take overnight, and/or set up a fan to speed the process.
8. Goggles: Shape the goggles from chenille stems. Wrap the stem around a pencil to make the circle. Add 3/8" to the side (or temple). Place the goggles on the Minion and wrap the glasses back around the ears and push the extra 3/8" into the head, behind the ears.
Did you know the Minions will star in their own movie, which premiers in December 2014? Should be fun!
If you saw Despicable Me 2, could you tell what language(s) the Minions speak?
Happy crafting!


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Yes. Maybe. We don't know!
Microsoft shot itself in the foot. Windows 8 was a disaster meant for touch screens, and not coincidentally, since its release, the PC market has tanked. Yeah, mobile devices, tablets, yadda yadda, but look at operating system market share in terms of percentages: Windows 8 is lagging behind freaking Windows XP. That's bad.
Law firms need computers. And since they aren't buying Windows 8 PCs, are they going Mac?
Survey(s) Say: Maybe
Clio released its annual Apple in Law Offices report this morning and there was one glaring statistic:
Sixty-six percent of respondents chose Mac computers, versus 34 percent on Windows.
Ho. Lee. Crap., right? And over half of those surveyed chose Apple for security and reliability. (Whoops. At least Apple's massive security flaw was a rarity. My Dell seems to have a new patch every hour.)
Except, here's my favorite question about surveys: who was sampled? Clio's response: respondents included their users, MILO (Macs in law Office) conference attendees, and open social media responses.
So, yeah. MILO users are going to skew those results a bit, we'd imagine. That being said, if one simply looks at U.S. PC sales overall, Mac sales grew 28.5 percent year-over-year in Q4 2014. That's now lawyer-specific, but it is an encouraging sign for Mac aficionados.
Mobile's All Apple
What else did Clio's survey say:
Apple rules mobile, with iPhone usage at 74 percent, and iPad usage at 67 percent of respondents. Even with a MILO caveat, that jibes with results from the ABA's Legal Technology Survey Report (73% of lawyers were using iPhones) and ILTA's tech survey (97% of firms had iPhones in use), though it is slightly more Apple-optimistic than Clio-rival MyCase's findings on the subject (49 percent of their respondents use iPhones). MyCase's survey, for context, was done nearly a year ago.
Either Way, Apple's Trending
Surveys, samples, and caveats aside, there is a clear trend in both mobile and desktop choices.
In mobile, though Apple's overall market share is falling to a flood of cheaper Android devices, every survey we've seen of lawyers shows that our kind prefers the Cupertino-designed devices. As for desktops, well, Windows better pray that Windows 9 beats 8.
Apple? Mac? PC? Blackberry? Join the discussion on Facebook.
Editor's Note, March 8, 2016: This post was first published in February 2014. It has since been updated.
Related Resources:
- Law Firms and Social Technology: Ineffective and Slow Paced (FindLaw's Technologist Blog)
- Three Viable Alternatives to iOS and Android (FindLaw's Technologist Blog)
- Let's Reinvent the Court Opinion: 4 Ideas (FindLaw's Technologist Blog)


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Continuous-Flow Chemistry
The DIBAL-H reduction of an ester to an aldehyde is notoriously plagued by difficulties with selectivity, often yielding a mixture of the starting ester, desired aldehyde and undesired over-reduced alcohol products. Executing this reaction using continuous flow conditions, however, not only drastically improves product selectivity (relative to batch conditions) but also, in some cases, reduces the reaction times to the millisecond time frame.
Representative Publications:
- Wu, J.; Xiaoching, Y.; Mao, X.; Jamison, T. F.; Hatton, T. A. "Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Olefins with Sodium Bicarbonate as the C1 Source," ChemComm 2014, 50, in press. Download PDF
- He, Z.; Jamison, T. F.; "Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Functionalized Phenols via Aerobic Oxidation of Grignard Reagents," Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, in press. Download PDF
- Wu, J.; Kozak, J. A.; Simeon, F.; Hatton, T. A.; Jamison, T. F. "Mechanism-Guided Design of Flow Systems for Multicomponent Reactions: Conversion of CO2 and Olefins to Cyclic Carbonates," Chem. Sci. 2014, 5, 1227-1231.Download PDF
- Snead, D. R.; Jamison, T. F. "End-to-End Continuous Flow Synthesis and Purification of Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Featuring Atom Economy, In-Line Separation, and Flow of Molten Ammonium Salts," Chem. Sci. 2013, 4, 2822-2827. Download PDF
- Zhang, Y.; Blackman, M. L.; Leduc, A. B.; Jamison, T. F. "Peptide Fragment Coupling via Continuous Flow Photochemical Rearrangement of Nitrones," Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 4251-4255. Download PDF
- Kleinke, A; Jamison, T. F. "Hydrogen Free Alkene Reduction in Continuous Flow" Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 710-713. Download PDF
- Shen, B.; Jamison, T. F. "Rapid Continuous Synthesis of 5′-Deoxyribonucleosides in Flow via Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Glycosylation" Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 3348-3351. Download PDF
- Webb, D.; Jamison, T. F. "A Continuous Homologation of Esters: An Efficient Telescoped Reduction–Olefination Sequence" Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 2465-2467. Download PDF
- Tucker, J. W.; Zhang, Y.; Jamison, T. F.; Stephenson, C. R. J. "Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis in Flow" Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 4144-4147. Download PDF
- Webb D.; Jamison, T. F. "Diisobutylaluminum Hydride Reductions Revitalized: A Fast, Robust, and Selective Continuous Flow System for Aldehyde Synthesis" Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 568-571. Download PDF
- Gutierrez, A. C.; Jamison, T. F. "Continuous Photochemical Generation of Catalytically Active [CpRu]+ Complexes from CpRu(η6-C6H6)PF6" Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 6414-6417. Download PDF
- Leduc, A. B.; Jamison, T. F. "Continuous Flow Oxidation of Alcohols and Aldehydes Utilizing Bleach and Catalytic Tetrabutylammonium Bromide" Org. Proc. Res. Dev. 2011, in press. Download PDF
- Palde, P. B; Jamison, T. F. "Safe and Efficient Tetrazole Synthesis in a Continuous-Flow Microreactor" Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 3525-3528. Download PDF
- Zaborenko, N.; Bedore, M. W.; Jamison, T. F.; Jensen, K. F. "Kinetic and Scale-Up Investigations of Epoxide Aminolysis in Microreactors at High Temperatures and Pressures" Org. Process Res. Dev. 2011, 15, 131-139. Download PDF


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Published on October 21st, 2016 | by Contributor6
Creating an extra-short Grundtal rail using a junior hacksaw and a bottle of wine
The Grundtal kitchen organiser series is one of Ikea's classic lines, a simple, modern and practical storage system with a 'professional kitchen' look. We've already got a couple of rails for pots and pans and I wanted to add another to a bit of wall next to our oven. Unfortunately the shortest Grundtal rail that IKEA sell (40cm) was about 15cm too long for wall I had in mind. I needed a modified extra-short version. Here is my way of customising the length of a Grundtal rail using a hacksaw and a bottle of wine.
1 x 40cm Grundtal Rail (Article no: 002.135.39)
1 x Bottle of wine (with cork)
1 x 5mm Rawlplug
1 x Screw
Junior Hacksaw
Stanley Knife
Step 1: Use junior hacksaw to cut the rail down to the required length – this inevitably involves hacking off one of the threaded nuts used to secure the rail to a bracket.
Step 2: Remove cork from your bottle of wine, drill a 6mm hole down the middle, and insert a 5mm rawlplug.
Step 3: Using a knife, trim the cork evenly around the sides until you can squeeze it into the end of the rail.
Step 4: Attach rail to the bracket using a 30mm screw into the 'corked' end of the rail.
Step 5: Mount your extra-short Grundtal rail on the wall. Stand back, admire, drink bottle of wine.
Despite its simplicity, I'm rather pleased with this IKEA hack. Not only has it elegantly solved my middle-class problem of where to store basil, but as an added bonus, the by-product is a full bottle of red wine. Cheers.
~ by Tom Baughan
6 Responses to Creating an extra-short Grundtal rail using a junior hacksaw and a bottle of wine
I like it. It looks so easy. But do the herbs remain fresh?
Hi, great job,
To trim the diameter of the cork you can attach it to a drill and apply sandpaper.
You can do this way easier without the Cork. The nut inside the tube can just be cranked out if you screw the end losely in and then "bend" it in all directions until the bit comes out. See http://www.instructables.com/id/Ikea-Grundtal-Shelf-Re-size/
Definitely my kind of hack – cleverness, AND wine… Actually, this is going to be very useful in my new kitchen. Many thanks for sharing.
Nice job!
As I was reading this, I said out loud "I sure hope he's going to drink that wine".
Thank you for doing what I was thinking!
Hi Jules. Thanks for sharing this on your site. Delighted to have achieved first IKEA hack!


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You can use Barilla pasta coupons the next time you shop for pasta to save money and reduce your monthly grocery expenses. If you are in charge of the grocery shopping in your household, you know just how quickly the eating needs of a large family can rack up big expenses. Many consumers are seeing their grocery bills increase as the price of food continues to rise in the United States. This rise in food prices paired with the decrease in many salaries or the loss of jobs means that many Americans are struggling with knowing how they are going to pay their bills for the month. You can more easily afford to purchase your favorite groceries when you regularly use grocery coupons to lower the cost of the foods that you love. A Barilla pasta coupon is a great way to save on incredible pasta products that will satisfy the whole family.
Classic Barilla Pasta with Barilla Pasta Coupons
Barilla pasta is a trusted brand that has been producing pasta for American consumers for decades. You can use Barilla coupons to purchase your favorite Barilla pasta products like dried spaghetti, linguine, fettucine, and farfalle pasta. The classic blue box of Barilla pasta is easily recognizable and is an assurance that you are purchasing the highest quality ingredients and the best tasting pasta on the market. This pasta is incredibly inexpensive, too, but you can add to the savings when you use a Barilla pasta coupon the next time you buy Barilla. There is no reason not to use Barilla pasta coupons since they are so readily accessible.
The Whole Wheat Option
Barilla also has an extensive line of whole wheat products for consumers who are concerned with the amount of enriched white flour products in their families' diets. Whole wheat products are much healthier for you, and consuming whole wheat regularly can provide you with the fiber that your body needs without filling it with preservatives and artificial products. The empty carbs in some pasta products can quickly turn into fat, but whole wheat pasta products have complex carbohydrates that are extremely healthy. You can use Barilla pasta coupons to save on whole wheat pasta.
Barilla Pasta in the Freezer Section
If you are scrambling to find a dinner option for a family that can be ready in minutes, consider visiting the freezer aisle to find a great selection of quick dinners made by Barilla. The Barilla tortellini dishes can be thawed on the stovetop, and in minutes you can make a delicious pasta dinner for yourself and your family. You can use Barilla printable coupons to save money on these frozen meal options just as easily as you would any other Barilla product. Barilla tortellini products are made with only the finest ingredients and are stuffed with delicious cheeses or meats. Everything you need to create a perfect meal is in the bag.
Delicious Barilla Sauces
One of the most popular Barilla products that consumers are using in abundance is the extensive line of Barilla pasta sauces that are available at your local grocery store. You can use Barilla pasta coupons to purchase a wide variety of sauces that can quickly be added to cooked pasta for a complete and hearty meal. While many consumers swear by homemade sauces and believe that they are superior to all store bought sauces, you would be hard pressed to find a bottled pasta sauce that tastes as delicious as Barilla pasta sauce. This line of sauce products is one of the best on the market. You can find a Barilla pasta coupon online that will help you to reduce the cost of these sauces.
Barilla Plus Products
For a health conscious family, using Barilla pasta coupons to purchase Barilla Plus products may be an excellent idea. Barilla plus is pasta with added health bonuses in every single bite. Barilla Plus pasta is fortified with additional fiber, protein, and omega-3 fatty acids for a healthy concoction that will act as a well rounded meal option for any family. You can find Barilla coupons that will help you save on these pasta products.
Barilla Piccolini Tiny Pasta Big Savings
The adorable Barilla Piccolini are a great novelty food item that can be used to make any number of pasta dishes. All of your favorite shapes like farfalle and macaroni are miniaturized in the Barilla Piccolini boxes. You can use these tiny pasta shapes just like you would regular pasta. When you use Barilla pasta coupons, you can save on these and all other Barilla products.


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Lonely people have blood pressure readings as much as 30 points higher than non-lonely people, said the study leaders Louise Hawkley and Christopher Masi. Blood pressure differences between lonely and non-lonely people were smallest at age 50 and greatest among the oldest people tested...
Also, loneliness does eat at you. The morbid health effect of loneliness accumulates gradually and faster as you get older, the study found. Loneliness was worse for blood pressure than any other psychological or social factor the researchers studied.
Monday, April 03, 2006
Loneliness can kill you
You lonely birds out there take note. Make sure you ain't that lonely when you turn 50 because a new study finds out that men and women between the age of 50 and 68 years old who are also very lonely tend to have high blood pressure. From LiveScience.com:
Posted by I.Z. Reloaded at 8:44 PM
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THE SECRET OF MY SUCCESS [1987] movie review
December 30, 2011 · Print This Article
One of my favorite things about movies is how they can take you back to another time. THE SECRET OF MY SUCCESS is very much a product of the 1980s and I am glad for it. Michael J. Fox does what he does best, which is use his charms and whiles to woo all those around him on a whirlwind trip up the corporate ladder.
Fox wants to leave his small town to make it big in New York City vowing to only return on his private jet. He has a job and an apartment already lined up, but if everything went according to plan, it would be a very short movie. The company he is about to start working for gets bought in a hostile takeover, so there goes his financial security. His apartment is dirty, rat infested, basically what one envisions as a very low rent place in NYC.
There is one other hope, a distant uncle who he has never met. He gets thrown a bone, again because of his considerable charisma, and works in the mailroom which fortunately takes him in and out of the entire skyscraper office.
He has the skills to do more, but not the opportunity until he just basically shows up in an empty office and impersonates a fired employee.
During all that he gets involved with a randy older woman, sees his dream girl from across the water fountain, and has to hide his double identity from his bosses.
SUCCESS works very well as a light, slightly manic, 80s comedy.


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Round House Park offers a mix of traditional family homes in the sought after village of Cringleford. The development has a new primary school, shop with large open spaces including play areas. It is close to Norwich and has good road and rail links.
An ideal location in a thriving community
Round House Park in the extremely sought after village of Cringleford that offers a mix of quality homes with a contemporary feel. An attractive selection of 3 storey town houses, as well as traditional two storey 5 bedroom family homes some of which have practical 'room in the roof' where the extra space can be adapted to meet your personal requirements, for example a home office or a children's playroom.
Ideally placed within easy reach of both idyllic country landscapes and the exciting vibrant city of Norwich, Round House Park really is a place you will want to live.
Shopping and Leisure facilities
Round House Park is within easy reach of the beautiful Norfolk coast, offering miles of sandy beaches, unspoilt areas of Natural Beauty and some of the best nature reserves in the country.
Pretty coastal villages and welcoming pubs and restaurants are also found in abundance here, together with a wealth of leisure activities including windsurfing, sailing and kiting. The popular Norfolk Broads are also nearby.
For shopping, Norwich has been recognised as one of the top 10 centres in the UK offering a superb mix of high street and independent stores. From cobbled streets to the Chapelfield Shopping Centre and the refurbished Norwich market, all your shopping needs are well and truly catered for.
Numerous theatres, museums, galleries and cinemas including Norwich Arts Centre, Norwich Playhouse and Theatre Royal can be found in Norwich for those who are fans of the arts. Those who favour health and fitness will be equally spoilt for choice with many gyms, sport and leisure facilities in and around the city.
Your place on the map
Your new Bovis home at Round House Park provides the perfect place to put down roots. For those who wish to work in this rapidly expanding area, various businesses and industrial parks, the University of East Anglia and the Norwich and Norfolk Hospital, which is right on your doorstep, offer a range of employment opportunities; whilst excellent road and rail links make Round House Park an ideal base for commuters.
The A11, A47 and A140 give access to London and the South East of England and to the Midlands and the North of England. By rail, Abellio Greater Anglia operate half hourly services between Norwich and London Liverpool Street and local connecting services within East Anglia. The average journey time to London is 1hr 50 mins. 'One' also operate a direct service between Cambridge and Norwich, which takes approx 70 mins. Central Trains run connecting services from the Midlands, North of England and Scotland via Peterborough.
Norwich is also home to a major regional airport, Norwich International, which is just 4 miles from the city centre and flies to many holiday destinations.
Here are your most recent development visits


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Nadal downs Murray to reach final
Rafa Nadal, his form and confidence rising with each match, powered past Britain's Andy Murray 6-4 6-2 3-6 6-2 at the US Open to set up a rematch of last year's final with Novak Djokovic.
The second-seeded Spaniard was brilliant from the baseline and the net, and proved too steady against an out-of-sorts Murray, who shouted at himself and whacked his leg with his racket as his frustrations boiled over in the first two sets.
In the fourth set, Nadal again unsteadied the volatile Murray, giving himself a chance to avenge a string of stinging losses to Djokovic this year.
Nadal beat Djokovic in last year's final but the Serb, who advanced with a thrilling five-set win over Roger Federer on Saturday, has beaten the Spaniard in five finals this year, including Wimbledon, to replace him as world number one.
"This year I'm not having a lot of luck against him. I have played him already in five finals and I lost all of them," 10-time Grand Slam winner Nadal told the Arthur Ashe Stadium crowd. "So hopefully, New York will help me this time."
Murray was out of step in the opening sets but flashed his great retrieving skills and athletic volleying to keep himself in the match. By the end he was undone by a rash of unforced errors, peppering the net with routine shots.
The Scot, a three-time Grand Slam finalist who was hoping to end a 75-year drought for a British men's Grand Slam winner, cracked 44 winners, 13 more than Nadal, but his 55 unforced errors was more than twice his opponent's total.
The Spaniard looked set to take charge early in the match, grabbing 0-30 leads in Murray's first two service games, but the Scotsman fought him off, leaving his feet to put everything into his strokes to keep the first set on serve before wilting under Nadal's constant pressure in the seventh game.
Unforced errors crept into Murray's game and the Briton yelled at himself after one glaring mistake before sending a forehand long to lose his serve and fall behind 4-3.
Nadal served out to claim the set 6-4 and stepped up his attack in the next set, breaking the Briton twice to take a two set lead, with Murray banging himself with his racket for not cashing in on three break points along the way.
Murray tried another tact in the third set, changing pace more often and engaging the hard-working Spaniard in longer rallies before seizing opportunities to go on the offensive.
Nadal and Murray traded service breaks early in the third set before the Briton broke in the eighth game and held serve to hand the Spaniard his first lost set of the tournament.
After fighting off two break points, Murray finally yielded the critical service break in the fourth game when he sailed a forehand long to fall behind 3-1.
The fight seemed to seep out of Murray, who had a tough four-set match against American John Isner on Friday, and Nadal broke the Briton again in the eighth game to end the three-hour 24-minute match.
"I was maybe going for too many big shots at the beginning of the match," said Murray. "Then the third and fourth sets I started being more patient and I started picking the right moments to come forward."
Murray said he intended to pick his spots against Nadal but was perhaps affected by his match with Isner in an Open schedule compressed because of back-to-back washouts this week.
"It's tough, because when you played a long match the day before, you need to sort of get a balance right," said the 24-year-old Scotsman.
"Anyone playing Rafa, you're gonna play a lot of long rallies. So if you can get some opportunities to try and shorten the points, then it would be good to do that."
At the very end of the match, Murray said he felt his back get stiff given a lack of rest in between matches.
"Obviously with playing three best-of-five matches in three days you're going to feel things sort of stiff and sore," he said.
"It wasn't ideal. Everyone in my half of the draw would say it wasn't ideal. But you just got to deal with it, because that was the situation we were in."
In the boy's tournament, Britain's Oliver Golding won his way through to the final after beating compatriot George Morgan 6-0 7-6(2) in an all-British last-four clash.
He will play Czech top seed Jiri Vesely, who beat a third Briton Kyle Edmund 6-4 6-2 in the other semi.


text: Loading... Lone Mountain Summit and Capstone Collections (Please Select) Community Information Site Plan Driving Directions Photos Local Interests Community Brochure Home Features Finance Your Dream Sales Center: Sales Office Closed Cave Creek, AZ 85331 Driving Directions Print Page Sales Contact: 480-346-1738 480-346-1738 Make an Appointment Request Information Stowe SOLD OUT | 3,179 Sq. Ft. | 4 Bedrooms | 2 Baths | 1 Half Baths | 3 Garage | 1 Story 4 bedroom + den, 2.5 bathrooms, Formal dining, 3 car tandem garage. *Lot premium not included in base pricing. A model home is available in Sonoran Commons Summit Collection FLOOR PLAN PHOTOS LOCATIONS


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Title IV funds (Pell Grant and FSEOG) are awarded under the assumption that you will attend school for the entire semester for which the funds are awarded. If you withdraw from all classes on or before the 60% point of the term, you may be required to repay that portion of the aid which was unearned. If you withdraw after completing 60%, you will have earned 100% of the Title IV funds awarded. Any unearned portion will be returned by the college and by the student in accordance with the method prescribed in regulations. The amount will be returned in the following priority:
For the 2016-17 Academic Year, the following dates are represent the 60% of point of each term:
60% point
Fall 2017
October 19, 2017
Winter/Spring 2018
April 26, 2018
Summer 2018
July 11, 2018
If you are planning to withdraw from classes or drop out of school, consider discussing the decision with a counselor. There are programs or services to assist students in staying on track with their educational goals. However, if you must leave, contact the Admissions and Records office for the process to be followed. Click here to see a video related to dropping courses and/or withdrawal.
If you are required to repay any unearned portion of your award you will receive a letter detailing the amount you owe and the process for repayment. You will have 45 days from the receipt of that letter to repay the amount in full to the college or your overpayment will be reported to the US Department of Education, which will then contact you for repayment. You will be ineligible for any additional Title IV funds until repayment is made in full.
To contact the U.S. Department of Education regarding an overpayment, call 1-800-621-3115.
Copyright © 2011 Imperial Valley College. All Rights Reserved
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Joomla! Development for Beginners/Reading list
From Joomla! Documentation
< Joomla! Development for Beginners
There are several ways of setting up your workstation in for Joomla! development. Some suggestions can be found at Setting up your workstation for Joomla development.
Next, you should familiarise yourself with Joomla! Secure coding guidelines and the short article on Development Best Practices.


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Printable View
amana is piss of sh.t!!!="GOODMAN"
Amana units with a model number begining with G are relabeled Goodman.
Amana units with a model number beginning with A are true Amamna and not the same as Goodmans.
Getting a Trane or Carrier, doesn't mean it will be installed right. There are plenty of threads about bad installs for Trane and Carrier equipment. It just means those people paid more for the brand name, and still have a crappy system.


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Wednesday, Aug. 20, 2014 | 3:52 p.m.
CARSON CITY — A total of 174 applications were submitted by Monday's deadline to operate 76 medical marijuana dispensaries in Nevada, the state Division of Public and Behavioral Health reported.
Of those, 140 came from Clark County, where the law allows 40 dispensaries. Those submitting applications for licenses had to pay a $5,000 non-refundable fee.
The division said it received another 263 applications for licenses for marijuana cultivation facilities, production facilities and testing labs.
The total number of applications submitted was 437.
State Sen. Tick Segerblom, D-Las Vegas, the sponsor of the 2013 law that created a system to produce and distribute medical marijuana to patients, called the application process a "crapshoot" for prospective licensees.
Segerblom, who heads a legislative subcommittee on medical marijuana that meets Thursday, said the committee would consider expanding the number of dispensaries but anticipated opposition from those who win licenses under the current law.
The division has until Nov. 3 to review the applications and issue provisional licenses. Businesses must also be approved by local government bodies.
State records show that 5,859 Nevadans have medical marijuana cards issued by 278 doctors. Of the total, 4,196 cardholders are in Clark County, 680 in Washoe County and the rest in rural Nevada.


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MEDIGREIF Professional Training College Greifswald
In 1990 the college was constituted as a department of the MEDIGREIF GmbH. The foundation of the medical-pharmaceutical college on 29th April 1991 saw the beginning of the autonomous development of what is today the Professional Training College Greifswald (Berufsfachschule Greifswald BfG). After the renaming of the college, the BfG was registered as a limited company on 17th January 1992.
The excellent reputation of the BfG is justified not least by the highly specialist qualifications of the teaching staff (of 44 teaching staff members, 3 have been appointed professors and a further 9 earned doctorates) and the committed work of all 81 full-time and 30 part-time employees.
The most recent projects of the BfG are the founding of the independent primary school in Greifswald and the establishment of the private grammar school.


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LORAIN – The attempted early morning frozen chicken sale may have just been a front.
A woman called police around 7:30 a.m. Friday after she woke up to find a green lunch bag with her social security card and credit cards missing from her unlocked car.
The woman told police the bag went missing after a suspicious incident earlier that morning when her neighbor knocked on her door around 1 a.m. and tried to sell her frozen chicken. The woman told her neighbor to leave and went back to sleep, according to the report.
After her bag was missing from her car the next morning, the woman confronted her neighbor who denied knowing anything about the theft, according to police.
Unable to find any evidence pointing to the woman's neighbor as the thief, police warned the neighbor that selling chicken door-to-door at 1 a.m. is "not the best idea," and filed a report.


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Search results
Journal of John Gregory Bourke
John gregory Bourke, 1846-1896, was a U.S. Army soldier, author, and ethnologist. The collection contains a holograph journal, with sketches; kept by Bourke while a lieutenant in the U.S. Army, 3rd cavalry. Bourke describes visits to the Bannock Indians, ...
castanoe - 2015-11-05 10:53
Papers of the Behan Family
Personal and official correspondence, financial records, notes, a photograph album, and photographs relating chiefly to personal and family life. Also present is a diary of John Behan's railway travels, expenses, and inspections while a Chinese ...
castanoe - 2014-03-10 14:05
Papers of Angela Hutchinson Hammer
Angela Hutchinson Hammer, born in 1870, was a schoolteacher, journalist, and newspaper editor in Wickenburg, Casa Grande, and Phoenix, Ariz. Taught school in Wickenburg, 1889-90, 1894-96, Gila Bend, 1893-94; and owned various newspapers and print shops ...
castanoe - 2014-10-14 13:43
Papers of the Hein family
Letters from the Hein family and Paul Loske to the Hagedorn family pertaining to frontier life in Skull Valley. Also includes documents relating to their participation in the Prescott Coal Development Company; Hagedorn's passport and ship papers ...
castanoe - 2014-07-31 09:14
Papers of Daniel C. McKinney
Correspondence, financial papers, reports, and related materials dealing with activities in the Arizona Cattle Growers' Association, the Arizona Livestock Sanitary Board, various farm credit associations, the livestock interests of the Hearst ...
castanoe - 2014-07-31 09:18
Papers of Anton Mazzanovich
The collection contains correspondence, diary, newspaper clippings, articles, theater programs, photographs, and other materials relating to Anton Mazzanovich's experiences in Arizona and New Mexico, and his theatrical activities in New York. ...
castanoe - 2014-03-24 14:00
Papers of the Oury Family
Correspondence, diary, photographs, deeds, articles and speeches chiefly relating to Arizona territorial military experiences of Oury family members. ...
castanoe - 2014-07-31 09:22
Papers of Mary Kidder Rak
Correspondence, unpublished manuscripts, notes, photographs, and other papers relating to her writing career. Included are three unpublished manuscripts of western fiction; articles and stories; a letter containing Kidder family genealogy; two photographs ...
castanoe - 2014-07-31 09:30
Papers of William E. Thomas
William E. Thomas, born in 1852, was a Businessman, as well as city and county official of Phoenix, Arizona. He served as Postmaster of Phoenix from 1894-1898, and of Liberty, Arizona in 1901 and 1905. The collection includes correspondence, reports, ...
castanoe - 2014-10-07 08:38
Arizona, Its People and Resources
Jack Lee Cross was the editor of the University of Arizona Press from 1960 to 1965. This book was published by the University of Arizona Press, 1960, as part of the observance of the University's 75th anniversary of founding. Original typescripts ...
castanoe - 2015-11-05 10:53


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Artists: A–D | E–H | I–L | M–P | Q–T | U–Z .::. Organizations .::. Friends of NoMAA
Francoise van Dijk
I work with oil paints usually on paper. Figures, landscape, and still life. In my jewelry I like to use and recycle elements. website »
Gesche Würfel
Visual artist, primarily photographic, drawn to unusual, derelict, mundane and overlooked spaces. I investigate the physical manifestation of underlying social and urban processes by exploring notions of place and the relationships humans have with their environment. website »
Note: The Member Directory is under construction — please bear with us. If you are a current member of NoMAA (artist, organization, Friend of NoMAA), please to request the member information submission form. Once submitted, your information will be reviewed to confirm your membership, and then added to this directory. If you are not a current member, please become a member or renew your membership.


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This page is printed from WorleyParsons.com
WorleyParsons were engaged by Sea Production (facility owner) as the consultants responsible for the integration engineering.
The integration engineering is defined as all design between the new process modules and the tie-ins to the ship systems involving piping, mechanical, process, instrumentation, electrical and structural disciplines.
The FPSO was installed in 100m water depth at AEDs Puffin Oilfield in the Timor Sea, offshore northwest Australia.


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Migrating Ubuntu HD to another PC
I installed Ubuntu 6.10 in one seperate HD because I do not like to dual boot in one HD. I really bought another HD for a separate OS and 610 is installed in my 80 GB Seagate SATA HD. Just in case I want to transfer this HD to another PC, will it simply work as it is considering the PC has a different chipset and graphics card? Thanks. :)
I'm not sure I'd be so pessimistic.... transferring a hard drive into a new box is pretty common, and usually should work as long as it is jumpered correctly for the new box. That said, if the chipset and video card are radically different, then you will likely need to do some reconfiguration to adjust the settings so that they're appropriate for the new box. Tip: before the move into the new box, adjust the xorg.conf to use common and ordinary settings (eg, the vesa driver and a resolution of 1024x768)
If you haven't built a custom kernel, then the only issues should be reconfiguring xorg.conf and perhaps networking and grub. Everything else is pretty much autodetect.
What exactly is grub? Thanks a lot guys!
|All times are GMT -5. The time now is 02:46 PM.


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Unca Fully's Scary Time – Week Two – Monday
This week, I'm checking out the "gotcha" scenes in a few movies of note during this Halloween season. These are the parts of the film that make you shudder or, even better, levitate a few feet in the air.
This is where I give you a "spoiler alert!" if you haven't seen the film. In this case, it doesn't really matter. The scene is that good!
The movie "Jaws" was generally a scary movie all the way through, but one scene in particular "did the deed." I was warned before I went to the film (back when it was released) that I would jump when the Richard Dreyfuss character investigated an apparently abandoned boat…at night…underwater in a wetsuit…
I responded that I wouldn't jump, now that the scene had been "spoiled" for me. I was wrong. Levitation accomplished!
Another "gotcha" scene tomorrow.


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Arthur Goldberg has eight scholarship offers so far, but the recruiting process could be coming to a close for the Pittsburgh (Pa.) Mt. Lebanon defensive tackle.
Premium Content
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Item: GZSHENCPKH
Based upon the lightweight, compact, Class
D amplifier technology this series of acoustic amps delivers warm, rich
tone and phenomenal output in surprisingly compact cabinets. Each model
produces 175 watts as a combo and 300 watts with an extension 8 ohm
The Shenandoah Compak 300 amplifier offers 2 preamp channels with
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DSP and output LED peak indicators. The rear panel offers 3 XLR Direct
Out options, effects loop, aux input, headphone jack and 2 speaker
outputs. The amplifier utilizes a universal power supply so that the
Shenandoah Compak 300 can be used with any voltage around the world
without modification.
"head", weighing an incredible 4 lbs. The compact design and features
lend this tiny amplifier to many uses as a small acoustic PA. An
excellent choice for fly-dates or for times when traveling back and
forth to venues where stand-alone speaker cabinets are available.
GZSHENCPKH - Shenandoah Compak 300 Amp HeadPrice $669.00
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What is 6 plus 9


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Here's the I-95 Comedy Break for Tuesday
The President's half brother running for office in Kenya, more about Dennis Rodman's trip to North Korea, and the Queen is released from the hospital. Jimmy Kimmel, Craig Ferguson and Conan O'Brien hit you up for a laugh today!
Click below to listen!


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A teenage boy who ran away from home survived a five-hour flight in the freezing wheel well of a jetliner that reached 11,582 metres as it travelled from California to Hawaii, the FBI said.
The 16-year-old, from Santa Clara, California, quickly lost consciousness as temperatures in the compartment sank as low as 62C below zero, FBI special agent Tom Simon said.
About an hour after the plane landed yesterday morning, the boy regained consciousness and emerged onto the tarmac at the airport in Maui, where he was spotted by ground crew.
"It's just an apparent miracle ... There was no appearance of any special gear of any sort," said Simon.
The stowaway told FBI officials that he had run away from home, climbed a fence at the airport in San Jose, California, crossed the tarmac and crawled into the wheel well of Hawaiian Airlines flight 45.
"His story checked out," and no federal charges were filed, Mr Simon, of the FBI's Honolulu office, said.
The boy was turned over to local child protection officials, and a medical examination showed he appeared to have been unharmed by the ordeal.
The flying time from San Jose to Hawaii was more than five hours.
"Our primary concern now is for the well-being of the boy, who is exceptionally lucky to have survived," Hawaiian Airlines said in a statement.
It added that it and its contractors in San Jose were "ready to assist various government agencies in their investigation of this incident."


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If you think of current genre Japanese cinema but can't get much past Takashi Miike or the Ringu movies, you'll be pleasantly surprised (and shocked, of course) by Karaoke Terror, a film that melds any number of Japanese sociological concerns into a thoughtful, enjoyable and - of course - totally weird experience.
A group of aimless teenage boys coalesces in Tokyo. They're moderately employed and adrift in post-expansion modern Japan; decades ago the war was lost, and more recently unparalleled economic growth has stood still. All that's left is outdated cultural mores and karaoke - fueled by the kitschy, Western-flavored pop songs of the Showa era, an era marked by the reign of Emperor Hirohito (1926 - 1989). As an aimless pastime and knee-jerk homage to that era, the boys engage in elaborate, private karaoke routines they set up in out-of-the-way locations from their mobile sound studio.
But one of their number takes the disaffected thing a bit too far, randomly killing a middle-aged woman (31 - 37 years of age according to subtitles!) who happens to have a karaoke singing group of friends too. In the deceased's case, her friends are all divorced career women who share the surname Midori. In their own way the Midoris are as disconnected as the Youths, ostracized by society and wedded only to mostly-unfulfilling careers; the ladies have disposable income and little idea what to do with it other than go out singing at night. Before you can say 'please tip your KJ,' the two opposing groups engage in an escalating war of revenge. As kill-methodology metastasizes from blade to gun to worse, Midoris, Youth and Viewers too are made to confront some pretty big issues.
Karaoke Terror describes an interesting pair of contrasting paths, as modern day ennui leads to a high spasm of emotion; a flashing blade, gorgeous arcs of blood, sun-dappled leaves and a twitching body in the mud - with sprinklers splashing and cicadas methodically chirping. It's a beautiful, poetic scene that questions how we might escape from the troubled lockstep of dehumanizing economic growth at its most base. This glorious, fleshy act leads slowly downward, though, as passion for revenge sinks into rote retaliation. Both Midoris and Youth begin to glaze over, no longer weeping for their fallen, but only seeking more devastating ways to kill - as the explosions spiral upward in intensity, feelings shrivel. Even the karaoke routines follow this see-saw motion- never a true focal-point, just a means of framing the message through music - the numbers get more outlandish as emotions become detached. Third Reich S & M drag-shows and humiliating sexual couplings in the bathroom show how far out of touch, and how in need of real emotions theses Japanese citizens have become.
But there are bazookas, severed limbs and javelins-to-the-neck, plus plenty of sly humor and elements of parody that keep Karaoke Terror from becoming a pedantic treatise on post-modern Japan and 21st Century warfare. Between savage acts we see the Youths as real young males, jovially bonding over meals, cigarettes and juvenile humor. Meanwhile, the Midoris commiserate, go out singing and get drunk, and generally do the kinds of things that hint at the humanity under their cloaks of 'respectability.' Aside from cultural differences that will distance the rest of the viewing world from particularly Japanese behavioral patterns, Terror is chock-full of realistic, engaging performances that bring believability to all but the most outrageous acts. If you don't exactly care whether these breathing automatons live or die, you'll never doubt their feelings. And if the songs don't quite turn you on, it's no big surprise, in the end the songs are either just enough to motivate, or not enough to discourage, the kind of thinking we've all feared since the dawn of the Atomic Age.
The DVD
Final Thoughts:


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Ai Takeuchi is a Centerfold from Japan. She was born in Kanagawa Prefecture on November 19, 1985. She is listed on FreeOnes since 2009 and is currently ranked 15765th place. She currently has 19 gallery links in her own FreeOnes section.
Our records show that Ai Takeuchi is currently retired which means she is not making movies, doing live shows and/or doing photo shoots at this time.
Currently we have only a few links of Ai Takeuchi. You can help us out by submitting more photos and videos links to Ai Takeuchi galleries.
To submit new links please click here
No need to register!


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The chronic terrorist violence in Iraq, rising projections of rebuilding costs, and growing strains on U.S. troop deployments have prodded the Bush Administration to shift gears on its Iraq policy and explore a greater role for the United Nations. But negotiations with France and other members of the U.N. Security Council that opposed the Iraq war appear to have bogged down.
While more peacekeeping troops and reconstruction aid would be welcome, it is doubtful that greater U.N. involvement will bring with it enough additional peacekeeping troops and financial aid to make a major difference in Iraq. Moreover, there is a danger that greater U.N. involvement in Iraqi politics could impede the task of cobbling together a cohesive government and hinder the evolution of a stable Iraq.
The Bush Administration therefore must be careful not to jeopardize the long-term prospects of a stable Iraq in a rush to obtain marginal increases of international aid for Iraq. A bad deal is worse than no deal at all. Building a legitimate sovereign government in Iraq depends on obtaining the support of the Iraqi people, not the lowest-common-denominator support of the U.N. Security Council.
To stabilize Iraq, the Bush Administration should enlist the Iraqi people, not rely on the undependable United Nations. Specifically, Washington should:
- Empower Iraqis to take ownership of their own political future.
- Accelerate the recruitment, training, and deployment of Iraqi army, police, and internal security forces.
- Reconfigure U.S. troop deployments and concentrate them on counterinsurgency operations, aided by Iraq's police and army.
- Upgrade border security to reduce the infiltration of foreign fighters.
- Keep international peacekeeping forces in a unified command under U.S. leadership.
- Let the United Nations do what it does best--provide humanitarian aid, supervise elections, and coordinate postwar reconstruction efforts--but minimize its role in addressing issues on which there is no international consensus.
Iraq's Security Situation: A Glass Half Full?
Coalition forces and the embryonic Iraqi government are facing at least three distinct sources of resistance in Iraq: the remnants of Saddam's regime and its supporters, concentrated in central Iraq; Islamic radicals, including a growing number of non-Iraqi "jihadis" who have traveled to Iraq to fight in the jihad (holy war) against the occupation; and criminal networks that have long smuggled people and goods into Iraq and oil out of Iraq. These three disparate groups share a common hostility to coalition forces but have different goals and political agendas. They do not form a cohesive resistance organized on a national basis, but rather pose local and regional threats.
The security situation is most dangerous in central Iraq, the political stronghold of Saddam Hussein's regime, which is populated primarily by the Sunni Arab minority that benefited most from Saddam's rule.1 Northern Iraq, which is populated primarily by Kurds, and southern Iraq, populated primarily by Shiite Arabs, are both relatively stable and secure. An overwhelming majority of the non-Arab Kurds and Shiite Arabs, who together make up about 80 percent of Iraq's 24 million people, opposed Hussein's regime and welcomed liberation.
Resistance is heaviest in the predominantly Sunni Arab region of central Iraq, particularly in Baghdad, Saddam Hussein's hometown of Tikrit, and Fallujah, a small city 50 miles west of Baghdad that has become a stronghold of Iraqi Islamic radicals and foreign jihadis.2 The two groups that fought most fiercely during the war, the Fedayeen Saddam paramilitary forces and foreign jihadis, continue to form the core of the resistance.3 The foreign jihadis, predominantly Arabs from Middle Eastern countries, have crossed into Iraq from neighboring Syria, Iran, and Saudi Arabia.4
U.S intelligence officials estimate that more than 1,000 and perhaps as many as several thousand foreign fighters have flocked to Iraq, although U.S. military officials in Iraq believe the figure is much lower.5 The jihadis reportedly shave their beards and cross Iraq's borders in small groups before linking up with an underground network inside Iraq that was created by Ansar al-Islam, a radical Islamic group affiliated with Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda terrorist network.6 Coalition forces have captured 248 non-Iraqi fighters, including 123 from Syria, smaller numbers from Iran and Yemen, and at least 19 suspected members of al-Qaeda.7 Others are suspected members of Hezbollah, Palestine Islamic Jihad, and other Palestinian splinter groups.8
The influx of foreign jihadis has the active support of Iran and Syria. Foreign fighters have been captured in Iraq with Syrian travel documents stating "jihad" as the reason for entry.9 Saef Adel, the military chief of al-Qaeda, reportedly negotiated with the Iranian government to secure sanctuary in Iran and safe transit to Iraq for al-Qaeda members fleeing Afghanistan in late 2001.10 Saef Adel, from his sanctuary in Iran, reportedly organized the May 12, 2003, bombing of a housing complex in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, that killed 35 people.11 Although Iran claims that it is keeping al-Qaeda members under house arrest to defuse international pressure, just as Afghanistan's Taliban regime repeatedly claimed it had done, Iran has refused to extradite Saef Adel and other al-Qaeda members to Saudi Arabia, the United States, or other countries.
Iraqi security officials working for the Governing Council suspect that former members of Saddam Hussein's Special Operations Directorate, which specialized in remote control bombings and poisonings, are cooperating with Islamic radicals in attacking coalition forces.12 Some of these men may have been involved in the August 19 bombing of U.N. headquarters in Baghdad, which killed 22 people, including U.N. Special Representative for Iraq Sergio Vieira de Mello.
A former Baath Party official has reportedly confessed to carrying out the August 29 bombing of the Imam Ali Mosque in Najaf, which killed more than 80 Shiite Muslims, including Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim, leader of the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq.13 This organization, long supported by Iran, had been cooperating with the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) and was participating in the 25-member Governing Council, which forms the backbone of the Iraqi interim administration. The goal of the bombing probably was to incite a civil war between Shiites and Sunnis that would sabotage coalition efforts to forge an Iraqi popular consensus supportive of an inclusive democratic transformation in Iraq.
Although the threat of terrorism remains acute in Iraq, the shadowy groups that launched these and other attacks appear to lack the popular support base to sustain a guerilla war on a national scale. They can mount hit-and-run attacks in some areas but continue to depend on terrorism and assassinations to demoralize supporters of the Governing Council and deter close cooperation with the CPA.
Despite such intimidation tactics, the overall security environment appears to have improved incrementally in recent months. One American reporter recently noted that "The road from Baghdad Airport to the city, which a few months ago was a gantlet of daily attacks, is now a bit safer. Stores are stocked with goods and restaurants that used to close at dusk for fear of bandits now stay open until 9."14
A major source of insecurity stems from Saddam's vain effort to bolster his flagging internal support by releasing more than 100,000 criminals from prisons in the days before the war. Many of these criminals ran rampant in the immediate aftermath of the war, opportunistically looting government property and robbing other Iraqis with impunity due to the collapse of the Iraqi police. Since then, much progress has been made in reconstructing the Iraqi judicial system, reopening approximately 300 of 400 Iraqi courts and 49 of 151 prisons, and putting 37,000 police back on the streets.15
Iraqis have noticed slow but steady progress, and their optimistic outlook is reflected in recent polls. An August poll conducted by Zogby International and American Enterprise revealed that two-thirds of Iraqis want U.S. troops to stay for at least another year and roughly 70 percent believe that their country and their personal lives will be better off in five years.16 A Gallup poll of Baghdad residents conducted in early September found that nearly two-thirds believed the removal of Saddam's regime was worth the hardships that they were forced to endure and that 47 percent had a favorable view of Ambassador L. Paul Bremer, leader of the CPA, compared to 22 percent who had an unfavorable view.17
Although the security situation remains threatening, the United States has made considerable progress in Iraq, particularly when measured against the historical record of other postwar occupations. As Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld has noted:
Within two months, all major Iraqi cities and most towns had municipal councils--something that took eight months in postwar Germany. Within four months the Iraqi Governing Council had appointed a cabinet--something that took 14 months in Germany. An independent Iraqi Central Bank was established and a new currency announced in just two months--ac-complishments that took three years in postwar Germany. Within two months a new Iraqi police force was conducting joint patrols with coalition forces. Within three months, we had begun training a new Iraqi army--and today some 56,000 are participating in the defense of their country. By contrast, it took 14 months to establish a police force in Germany and 10 years to begin training a German army.18
The United Nations: Divisive Debate, Delay, and Denial
The Bush Administration initially hoped to win Security Council approval of a resolution in late September, calling for greater international support for U.S.-led efforts to rebuild Iraq, but French-led opposition to the U.S. draft resolution and the ensuing diplomatic logjam have prompted the Administration to push back its timetable, seeking passage of the resolution by the October 23 conference of aid donors in Madrid, Spain. France and Germany rejected the American draft resolution, saying it did not cede enough control over Iraq to the U.N. or transfer sovereignty to Iraqis soon enough.
France insisted that the U.N., not the CPA, should oversee Iraq's transition to self-rule. It also proposed an extremely rapid timetable for transferring power that would severely undermine the chances for establishing a stable government. On September 12, French Foreign Minister Dominique de Villepin laid out a plan that called for Iraqis to establish a provisional government in a month, write a constitution by the end of the year, and hold elections next spring, all under U.N. auspices. Secretary of State Colin Powell dismissed the French plan as "totally unrealistic." Even the U.N. Secretariat, which on September 25 withdrew most of its staff after a second bombing of the U.N. headquarters, does not support the maximalist French position on Iraq.
French President Jacques Chirac claims that his thinking on Iraq was influenced by his own experience as a French army officer fighting in Algeria during its war for independence from France,19 but the situations are not analogous. Most Iraqis supported the American-led liberation, while most Algerians supported the Algerian revolutionaries.
A better Algerian example--and one also to be avoided--is the premature elections held by Algeria's authoritarian regime in 1991, which led to the electoral victory of radical Islamists who plunged Algeria into a civil war that has killed more than 100,000 people.20 Rushing to turn power over to an Iraqi government that is ill-equipped to handle it responsibly could lead to a "one man, one vote, one time" regime that would lack legitimacy and jeopardize the prospects for building a stable and effective government.
France claims that the U.N. is necessary to boost the legitimacy of any Iraqi government, but the U.N. cannot bestow what it does not possess. Political legitimacy in Iraq ultimately can be given only by the Iraqi people in free elections, not by the United Nations or external powers, and elections will take time to organize properly. France's real goal appears to be to deny legitimacy to the American-led occupation, not to bolster the legitimacy of any particular Iraqi government. For this reason, France is determined to resist any Security Council resolution that implies retroactive approval of the U.S. war to liberate Iraq.
By placing a higher priority on the rapid transfer of sovereignty than on improving the security situation, France puts the cart before the horse. Even if elections could be held in the present unsettled situation, no Iraqi government could long survive if it could not keep the electricity on or protect its citizens from terrorists and criminals. A rapid transfer of authority would not help improve the security situation, since the security threats come from groups opposed to the new political authority. Nor would a rapid transfer of power necessarily ease the security burden on the coalition forces, because that would depend on the course of the war against the remnants of the old regime.
A premature transfer of sovereignty could, however, destroy the prospects for a successful transition to democracy. In the words of a constitutional lawyer and adviser to the Governing Council, "Actual control is the indispensable hallmark of sovereignty. Nothing could be worse for the future of democracy in Iraq than the creation of a puppet government unable to keep the peace."21
The French notion of a swift transfer of power to Iraqis is reckless, hazardous, and impractical. After all, the U.N. took seven years to transfer power to local politicians in Bosnia and still has not done so after four years in Kosovo. Why should the coalition be held to such an arbitrary and rushed timetable in Iraq, which is much bigger than both? The United States has too much at risk in Iraq to give France, or any other power that opposed the liberation of Iraq, a veto over U.S. policy.
It also is increasingly apparent that few additional international troops or little economic aid will be forthcoming, even if the Bush Administration does gain passage of a favorable U.N. Security Council resolution. Turkey, Pakistan, India, and South Korea, which have been asked to furnish additional troops, face domestic political opposition to such deployments that will not be assuaged by a U.N. resolution.
Pakistan and Turkey now are raising the bar for their participation by requesting that other conditions be met. Turkey is calling for the coalition to disarm the Kurdish Workers Party, which has waged a separatist insurgency in eastern Turkey from bases in Iraq.22 Pakistan now wants the Governing Council, Arab states, and the Islamic Conference to approve a Pakistani deployment in addition to another U.N. resolution.23 The Bush Administration reportedly has sharply reduced its estimates of additional troops that could come with another U.N. resolution to from 10,000 to 15,000--a number that will not have a significant impact on the internal security situation.
Given the meager benefits of another U.N. resolution in terms of international troops and aid and the possible adverse consequences of trying to make decisions in Iraq by committee, the Bush Administration must carefully resist concessions at the U.N. that would undermine efforts to enhance Iraqi security and to aid its democratic transformation. At the U.N. Security Council, a bad deal is worse than no deal at all.
Building a Stable Iraq
The problem in Iraq is not a lack of American soldiers, or soldiers from other countries, but the lack of effective Iraqi allies in the battle against Baathist and Islamist terrorism. Washington needs to involve Iraqis as much as possible in defeating these scourges, both of which threaten them more than the United States. After all, they will inherit postwar Iraq after the coalition forces go home.
Ahmad Chalabi, chairman of the Iraqi National Congress, the inclusive umbrella group for the anti-Hussein opposition, is on the right track:
There is no need for more American or foreign troops in Iraq today. Only one force can defeat the Saddam Hussein network--the Iraqi people. The United States has thus far failed to unleash and use the huge and latent anti-Hussein sentiment among the people.24
The long-term U.S. goal in Iraq is to transfer authority to a responsible and representative group of elected Iraqi leaders. Increasing the number of American troops will make the nascent Iraqi government more dependent on American power and less able to defend itself against violent internal challenges. As Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld put it, "We do not want to put so many forces in there that we create a dependency on the U.S. and then we have to stay."25
A bigger American military presence not only would encourage greater political dependence by Iraqis, but also would present resistance forces with more targets and longer lines of communication to harass. Significantly, American field commanders in Iraq have not requested additional U.S. troops.
In purely military terms, the threat posed by resistance fighters and terrorists is not very potent. In fact, the average number of military engagements in Iraq has fallen from 25 per day in July to about 15 per day in September, with most of the engagements consisting of short firefights lasting only two or three minutes.26 But the frequent ambushes and sniper attacks, punctuated by more deadly terrorist bombings, undermine the morale of Iraqi security forces and deter many Iraqis from cooperating with the coalition forces.
American troops often have difficulty distinguishing friendly Iraqis from hostile ones, or even Iraqis from foreign Arabs. Better intelligence is needed to support counterterrorism and counterinsurgency missions, which Iraqis are best positioned to provide. As Bernard Kerik, who oversaw the re-establishment of the Iraqi police force after the war, has observed, "What we need is the ability to identify, locate, and capture or kill the enemy that is trying to prevent freedom in Iraq--and no one can do that better than the Iraqis themselves."27 Ambassador Bremer maintains, "It's not a question of more troops. It's a question of being effective with our intelligence, of getting more Iraqis to help us."28
Enlist More Iraqis, Not Foreigners
Free Iraqis, organized and strongly supported by the U.S.-led coalition, would be much more capable of rectifying the security situation in Iraq than any number of U.N. peacekeeping troops. The CPA made a mistake when it dismantled the Iraqi army and security forces but failed to involve the Iraqi National Congress and other opposition groups in a supporting security role. The result was a chaotic vacuum in which the Baathist remnants, Fedayeen Saddam, foreign jihadis, and various criminal gangs have flourished.
To bolster security in Iraq and build a stable Iraqi government, the Bush Administration should:
A foreign occupation is an unnatural state of affairs that chafes against the universal desire of all people to control their own future. Ambassador Bremer has laid out a seven-step plan that would be one of the swiftest transitions from dictatorship to democracy ever accomplished.
Three of the seven steps have already been taken: the establishment of an interim government, the creation of a preparatory committee to decide how to write a new constitution, and the appointment of Iraqi ministers to conduct the day-to-day business of government administration. The four remaining steps could be accomplished as early as next fall: the writing of a new constitution, the popular ratification of the constitution, the election of a new government, and the dissolution of the coalition authority.29
Bremer's plan remains the best strategy for building a stable and democratic Iraqi government. Political legitimacy in Iraq can come only through the popular support of the Iraqi people, not through a vote of the U.N. Security Council, some members of which are led by regimes that lack popular legitimacy.
- Accelerate the recruitment, training, and deployment of Iraqi army, police, and internal security forces.
To free U.S. troops from stationary guard duties, police work, and routine security patrols, more Iraqi personnel need to be recruited, trained, and deployed. About 55,000 Iraqis already participate in five different security forces: the army, police, building security guards, border guards, and civil defense corps.30
The Iraqi police, with approximately 35,000 personnel, form the biggest single force, but many of them lack equipment and training. The CPA plans to expand the police force to field a force of 65,000 to 75,000 officers by the end of 2004. But local police are often reluctant to combat anti-American forces and criminal gangs because they are often outgunned and subject to intimidation because they live in the communities that they patrol.
To combat the remnants of Saddam's regime and powerful criminal gangs more effectively, Iraqi Interior Minister Nouri Badran has announced the formation of a paramilitary force composed of members of the security wings of five anti-Hussein opposition groups and former officers of Iraq's security services, screened for loyalty to the interim government. Badran hopes to field a force of 1,500 by the end of the year and eventually build up to 9,000.31 Such a national police constabulary, similar to Italy's Carabiniere, would be much better equipped and trained than local Iraqi police forces to deal with the terrorists and mafia-like criminal gangs that now infest Iraq.
The United States should support this Iraqi initiative while taking care to balance the need for rapid recruitment with extensive vetting to weed out pro-Baathist Iraqis. The CPA must also establish close civilian supervision, initially by Americans but ultimately by Iraqis, to ensure that this internal security force does not become as predatory and repressive as its predecessors in Iraq.
Putting an Iraqi face on internal security operations is important not only for reducing the demands on American troops to perform tasks for which they were not trained, but also for reducing the friction inevitably generated by occupying troops, no matter how benign, in a foreign land. Iraqi civilians will also be more likely to provide intelligence to Iraqi security personnel than to foreign troops.
- Reconfigure U.S. troop deployments and concentrate them on counterinsurgency operations, aided by the Iraqi police and army.
An American military presence is needed--augmented as much as possible by NATO allies and other nations that share the coalition's goal of building a stable and democratic Iraq--until a permanent Iraqi government is elected and becomes capable of defending itself against Baathist revanchists and other anti-democratic forces. As the Iraqi police and internal security forces gradually build up and restore law and order to Iraqi cities, American troops should be steadily withdrawn from urban areas where they are vulnerable to terrorist attack and their operations are constrained by the presence of a dense civilian population.
Coalition forces should transfer responsibility for most stationary security duties at hospitals, power plants, oil pipelines, schools, government buildings, and other critical infrastructure to Iraqis as soon as possible. About 33 percent of U.S. troops currently deployed in Baghdad are responsible for guarding buildings or other important facilities, down from 56 percent in July.32 As more Iraqi police and security forces become available to assume these responsibilities, American troops should be reassigned to conduct counterinsurgency and counter-terrorist operations to keep relentless pressure on the remnants of the Baathist regime and other hostile forces. Iraqis loyal to the interim government should be recruited by the police and the army, particularly in the intelligence branches to develop networks of informants and infiltrate the Baathist and jihadi resistance groups.
Regular U.S. Army troops, initially deployed to invade Iraq, should be gradually replaced by special forces, military police, military intelligence, civilian affairs specialists, and other personnel more suited to fighting an unconventional war against terrorists, criminal gangs, and guerillas. The heavy armor formations needed for the initial invasion should be gradually replaced with lighter forces more suitable for small-unit, search-and-destroy missions, fast reaction strikes, commando raids, and intelligence-gathering missions. Smaller and lighter forces, deployed away from population centers, will minimize friction with Iraqi civilians and require less logistical support that could be targeted for attack.
To stem the growing threat posed by non-Iraqi jihadis who are flocking to Iraq, the coalition must make a greater effort to seal Iraq's porous borders and intercept infiltrators before they can link up with compatriots inside Iraq. Particular attention needs to be paid to Iraq's borders with Iran and Syria, both of which have a long history of supporting anti-American terrorists. Iran and Syria cooperated to support the Hezbollah terrorist group in its efforts to drive the Multinational Peacekeeping Force (formed of American, British, French, and Italian troops) out of Lebanon in 1983-1984 and Israeli forces out of southern Lebanon by 2000.
Turkey, Jordan, and Kuwait can be depended upon to patrol their sides of the Iraqi border. Saudi Arabia, however, may be less cooperative in policing its border to prevent Wahhabi fundamentalists from stirring up trouble in the Sunni Arab heartland of central Iraq.
The Pentagon and Central Intelligence Agency should identify the border areas most heavily crossed by foreign infiltrators and establish aerial surveillance, communications intelligence, and human intelligence networks to closely monitor critical border regions and guide coalition and Iraqi forces to intercept infiltrators. U.S. military forces freed from security and police duties in the cities should be redeployed to sensitive border areas, along with CIA paramilitary units, Iraqi army units, and Iraqi border guards.
The United States should also finance, train, and deploy Kurdish militia forces astride the most heavily used infiltration routes. The Kurdish pesh merga paramilitary forces not only have a reputation as fierce fighters and a long history of fighting Baathists and Islamic radicals, but also would be dependable allies against Arabs or Iranians seeking to prevent the establishment of a pluralist Iraq. The U.S. should provide leadership, helicopter transports, intelligence, and logistical support for Kurdish units deployed on the borders and eventually fold them into multi-ethnic units of Iraq's internal security forces.
Washington should encourage as many other countries as possible to participate in an international peacekeeping force in Iraq, but with the clear understanding that all forces will be part of a unified command under American leadership. Setting up a separate command under the aegis of the United Nations would reduce the effectiveness of additional troops, complicate international cooperation, and raise barriers to communications and intelligence sharing. The two bombings of U.N. headquarters in Baghdad demonstrate that hostile forces are still present in Iraq, requiring more than merely routine peacekeeping duties.
- Let the United Nations do what it does best--provide humanitarian aid, supervise elections, and coordinate postwar reconstruction efforts--but minimize its role in addressing issues on which there is no international consensus.
The United Nations can play a constructive role in providing humanitarian aid to the Iraqi people, helping them conduct free and fair elections, and coordinating the efforts of various nations to rebuild the mismanaged, poorly maintained, and repeatedly looted infrastructure of Iraq. But as a consensus-based international organization, the U.N. does a poor job of grappling with controversial issues that divide its membership. Polarizing issues either paralyze the U.N. or lead it to adopt a lowest-common-denominator approach that papers over differences while failing to address the problem at hand effectively.33
The U.N. failed to act decisively to confront the challenge posed by Saddam Hussein's dictatorship, despite violations of 17 U.N. Security Council resolutions. There is no reason to believe that it can now act decisively to free Iraqis from the continued threat posed by Saddam's shattered regime and an influx of Islamic radicals.
Given the sharp disagreements between the United States and other Security Council members over how to construct a new political system in Iraq, handing responsibility for Iraq over to the U.N would be a serious error. Such a surrender of authority would undermine American national interests by diminishing the prospects for establishing a stable pro-Western government in Iraq that would play a positive role in the volatile Middle East.
Moreover, a more intrusive U.N. role is not in Iraq's national interest. The disastrous record of the U.N. peacekeeping mission in Somalia and the failure of U.N. peacekeepers in Bosnia to prevent massacres in Srebrenica and other U.N.-designated safe havens are troubling precedents that give little hope for a U.N.-led political transformation in Iraq.
Too many observers have been quick to jump to the conclusion that postwar American efforts to build a stable Iraq are doomed to failure, just as some of the same observers wrongly concluded that the American military campaign had gone awry after several Iraqi counterattacks had disrupted the supply lines of advancing coalition forces during the first week of the war.
Much progress has been made in postwar Iraq. Although stubborn diehards from the old regime, Islamic radicals, and criminal gangs continue to pose threats to coalition forces and the Iraqi people, these threats are manageable. Most Iraqis support an American-led political transformation in Iraq. The resistance comes from anti-democratic forces with narrow popular bases operating primarily in central Iraq.
Ultimately, only Iraqis can build a stable democratic system and defeat those opposed to that course in their country. The United States can help by organizing and empowering them to take control of their own future. More Iraqis should be enlisted to bolster security in Iraq and exorcise the ghosts of Saddam's regime and opportunistic Islamic radicals. Foreign troops can provide short-term security help, but they also bring with them a heavy long-term political handicap for Iraqi political leaders who must regain Iraq's sovereign independence.
The sooner an Iraqi face is put on the struggle against Baathism and Islamic radicalism, the sooner Iraqis will reject continued terrorist attacks. The best way to secure the peace in Iraq is therefore to transfer authority to responsible Iraqis, not to the United Nations.
James Phillips is Research Fellow in Middle Eastern Studies in the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies at The Heritage Foundation.
1. Approximately 20 percent of the population are Sunni Arabs, 60-65 percent are Shiite Arabs, and 15-20 percent are Kurds.
2. Jeffrey White and Michael Schmidyar, "Patterns of Sunni Resistance in Iraq," Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Policy Watch No. 765, June 11, 2003, p. 2.
4. Coalition forces have captured foreign fighters who crossed the border from all three countries, although others may also be crossing over from Jordan, Kuwait, and Turkey. See Michael Dobbs, "Foreign Islamic Militants Add to U.S. Worries in Iraq," The Washington Post, August 24, 2003, p. A18.
5. Peter Finn and Susan Schmidt, "Al Qaeda Plans a Front in Iraq," The Washington Post, September 7, 2003, p. A26.
6. Neil MacFarquhar,
"Rising Tide of Islamic Militants See Iraq As Ultimate
Battlefield," The Washington Post, August 13, 2003,
p. A1.
13. P. Mitchell Prothero, "Baathist Says He Planned Blast," The Washington Times, September 16, 2003.
15. L. Paul Bremer, "Bremer Hails Appointment of Iraqi Cabinet Ministers," press conference, September 2, 2003, p. 9.
16. Karl Zinsmeister, "What Iraqis Really Think," The Wall Street Journal, September 10, 2003, p. A24.
17. Patrick Tyler, "In a Poll, Baghdad Residents Call Freedom Worth the Price," The New York Times, September 24, 2003, p. A12.
19. Elaine Sciolino, "Chirac Calls for Transfer of Authority to Iraqi People," The New York Times, September 28, 2003, p. A6.
20. See James Phillips, "The Rising Threat of Revolutionary Islam in Algeria," Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 1060, November 9, 1995, at www.heritage.org/Research/Africa/BG1060.cfm.
22. Metan Munir, "Ankara Links Iraq Force to U.S. Actions over Kurds," Financial Times, September 30, 2003.
23. Felicity Barringer, "Little Chance of Pakistani Troops in Iraq," The New York Times, September 22, 2003, p. A3.
25. Donald Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense, interview, The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, September 11, 2003.
28. Brian Knowlton, "Three Senators Say Iraq Needs More U.S. Troops and Money," International Herald Tribune, August 25, 2003.
30. Dana Priest, "Iraqi Role Grows in Security Forces," The Washington Post, September 5, 2003, p. A16.
31. Rajiv Chandrasekaran, "Iraqi Minister Assembling Security Force," The Washington Post, September 18, 2003, p. A1.
32. Greg Jaffe, "Military Plans Pullback in Iraq Cities," The Wall Street Journal, September 18, 2003, p. A3.


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