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Natural gas is quickly becoming the top fossil fuel
By Vaclav Smil
Before the end of 2005, the U.S. price of natural gas rose above $15 per thousand cubic feet (mcf), nearly 12 times the record low reached in 1995. Production was down by about 8% compared to 2001, news reports speculated about supply shortages, and gas companies were gearing for expanded imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG) from overseas. Six years later, by the second week of April 2012, the market price of U.S. natural gas fell to less than $2 per mcf (to levels not seen since January 2002), nationwide gas extraction in 2011 was nearly 12% above the 2009 level, and record production was expected in 2012, when all storage sites would be filled to capacity. No wonder that gas companies are now planning to export LNG, and that new drilling projects have been shelved in the anticipation of gas glut.
This amazingly abrupt change of gas fortunes has been due to the rising production of shale gas. Shale gas is released by horizontal drilling followed by hydraulic fracturing of the porous rock using proprietary high-pressure mixtures of water and chemicals (the practice now widely known as fracking). Rising consumption of natural gas will eventually make it not only more important than crude oil but the single-most important fossil fuel.
Has this been too good to last? Critics say so. They point to a substantial downward revision (roughly a two-thirds reduction) of shale gas reserves in the Marcellus formation that underlies the Appalachian states from West Virginia to New York. They claim that the industry is nothing but a variation of a Ponzi scheme, for example, Rolling Stone magazine. They note that the gas flow from new wells declines exponentially in a matter of months. Their most often repeated argument is that fracking is a huge environmental disaster that will contaminate aquifers wherever it takes place.
Here is my advice. Do not get carried away either by bonanza claims (implying only sinking natural gas prices and seeing Marcellus as the Saudi Arabia of natural gas) or by the negativism of anti-fracking activists (recently joined by Hollywood celebrities). Low prices will slow the development of shale gas. Reserve estimates of any mineral resource are always uncertain during an early stage of development (in 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey boosted its estimate of technically recoverable Marcellus gas more than 40-fold compared with its 2002 figure), and even conservative assessments point to a combination of already available reserves and the most likely additional resources that would suffice (at the current rate of consumption) to supply America for at least the next 50 years.
As for Rolling Stone's accusation that Chesapeake Energy is running a Ponzi scheme, that company has responded in detail. Although many questions remain about the company's actions, even if the worst suspicions are proven they do not invalidate long-term viability of shale gas extraction. Exponential decline of gas flow from fracked wells is a well-known phenomenon, taken into account by such pioneers of shale gas development as Terry Engelder at Penn State when they made their estimates of potential recovery. And if there is any water contamination, it is a problem that has well-known technical solutions.
Global LNG trade rose roughly eightfold between 1980 and 2010, and it now accounts for 30% of the worldwide natural gas trade.
All of these have been fascinating, often controversial, and newsworthy developments, and while I would not dismiss them as altogether ephemeral, I see them largely as expected ups and downs along a long trajectory of national and global energy transitions. These transitions are slow but inexorable shifts in the amounts and proportions of different primary sources of heat, light and motion, and while they may be slowed down or accelerated (and temporarily even seemingly derailed), there is no doubt about their long-term persistence and eventual outcomes.
By the end of the 19th century, traditional biomass fuels (wood, charcoal and straw, which together dominated energy use for millennia) were reduced to a small fraction of overall energy supply as coal became the principal fuel. The shift away from coal to hydrocarbons (crude oil and natural gas) began slowly before 1900 in the United States and Russia, and it accelerated only after the Second World War. By 1970, crude oil supplied 46% of the world's energy and its shares were 43% in the United States and 50% in Europe. There is no mystery about what will come next: Rising consumption of natural gas will eventually make it not only more important than crude oil but the single most important fossil fuel.
Seen from this perspective, U.S. shale gas production must be viewed as only one, albeit a major, component of gas's global rise. In 1970, natural gas supplied 18% of global commercial energy and that share rose to about 24% by 2010 (with the EU share going from less than 8% to 26%), while the worldwide crude oil share fell from 46% to 34% (and in the EU from 50% to 38%). Natural gas's rise has been slowed recently by China's extraordinarily high coal extraction rates, but these cannot be repeated in the future (the country is already a large importer of coal). Natural gas will thus continue its conquest of global and national energy supplies, with five factors behind the rise — discoveries of new large fields, diffusion of shale gas production, expansion of LNG exports, high prices of crude oil, and unrivalled efficiency of gas converters.
Do not get carried away either by bonanza claims or the negativism of anti-fracking activists.
New giant gas fields have been discovered in such previously unpromising places as the Mediterranean off Israel's shores and deep Atlantic waters offshore near Brazil. There are extensive deposits of gas-bearing shales in Europe (particularly in Poland) and enormous resources in Asia. Recent reductions in the cost of gas liquefaction coupled with increased sizes of LNG tankers (they now rival the size of ships carrying crude oil) made LNG into a trade equivalent of oil: It can now be transported to consumers on any continent, bought without restrictive long-term contracts, and delivered at increasingly affordable prices. The totals speak for themselves: Global LNG trade rose roughly eightfold between 1980 and 2010, and it now accounts for 30% of the worldwide natural gas trade.
Little has to be said about high oil prices (the price spread between liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons has reached an unprecedented level), but the conversion efficiencies achievable by furnaces and turbines burning natural gas are not sufficiently appreciated. New, super-efficient household gas furnaces convert up to 97% of the fuel into heat; combined-cycle generation (using the waste heat from a gas turbine to raise steam and generate more electricity in an associated steam turbine) now produces electricity with 60% efficiency (and 70% will be possible in the future).
Modern (that is, overwhelmingly fossil-fuelled) civilization needs highly concentrated sources of energy that can be conveniently delivered to the megacities where most of humanity will soon live. No other fuel can fit this need as efficiently and with such a relatively low environmental impact as natural gas (its combustion releases less carbon dioxide per unit of useful energy than coal or oil). The conclusion is obvious: The world should speed up its unfolding transition from coal and crude oil to natural gas by using the fuel not only for heating, electricity generation, and as feedstock for industrial syntheses but also as a transportation fuel. Spending toward that goal would bring faster and more durable gains than subsidizing such dubious conversions as turning corn into ethanol or pouring huge sums into money-losing solar enterprises.
Financial Post
Vaclav Smil is a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and until 2011 a Distinguished Professor in the Faculty of Environment at the University of Manitoba. Originally published in The American.


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Although there is no formal program in creative writing on the graduate level, there are a number of ways that graduate student poets and fiction writers can explore and develop their interests. We have one graduate course, Workshop in Creative Writing (English 230). It is led by the Department's own poets and fiction writers and distinguished visitors. Visitors have included Robert Coover, Alice Fulton, Louise Glück, Tina Howe, Robert Pinsky, John Barth, J. D. McClatchy, and Cherrie Moraga.
For thirty years the series now called The Hammer Readings has presented acclaimed poets to UCLA audiences, providing the opportunity for students to listen to and meet poets in an intimate and relaxed setting. The readings occur about three times each quarter. In the past, they have featured such luminaries as Stephen Spender, Czeslow Milosz, Seamus Heaney, Anthony Hecht, Joseph Brodsky, Alice Fulton, John Ashbery, James Merrill, Mona Van Duyn, Eavan Boland, Galway Kinnell, and many others.

subset: commoncrawl


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With or without a stadium at York University, the 2007 world youth soccer championship will be played in Canada.
So says powerful FIFA vice-president Jack Warner, who also is the president of the CONCACAF region (North America, Central America and the Caribbean).
"2007 is Canada's time," Warner said at a news conference yesterday, where the Canadian Soccer Association announced Ottawa, Vancouver, Montreal and Victoria will join Toronto and Edmonton as co-hosts of the under-20, 24-team, 52-game event.
"Nothing that anyone says or does can derail this competition from being hosted in Canada unless Canada itself, the CSA (decides). FIFA is fully committed, and whatever blips there may be along the way, we shall get over them."
Plans for an outdoor 20,000-seat outdoor stadium at York are up in the air after the Argos decided this week to remain tenants at the Rogers Centre. The provincial and federal governments have said they intend to honour their financial commitments to the stadium, but York, slated to chip in $15 million, has not committed to going forward with the project. Still, the CSA is convinced the opening game of the tournament will be played July 1, 2007 in Toronto.
"There is no backup plan, the stadium will be built," Kevan Pipe, chief operating officer of the CSA, said.
But Warner wasn't saying exactly the same thing.
"Whenever you host an event, you must have a backup plan," he said. "They don't have a backup plan (today), but they will have one tomorrow."
Warner said the tournament could be limited to a five-city event if there is no stadium in Toronto.
"That would not be the best thing for Canada or for the event or for the sport," he said. "To me, Toronto is a microcosm of the world, with more ethnic groups living here than anywhere else. Almost half of the population of this city is a foreign population. Therefore, soccer in a sense will be represented in this city more than anywhere else. For me, it would be a disaster (not to have a stadium in Toronto).
Warner also had pointed words for the Argos.
"I am disappointed guys' words and commitments seem to mean nothing these days," he said. "I think it was short-sighted of them to pull out and not look and see what they were doing to the sport and to young people of this country and to Toronto. And possibly, in time, they will see the errors of their ways."


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Displaying 1 - 10 of 2181 results
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Parishes: Ore
The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent: Volume 6
Parishes Ore ORE LIES the next parish north westward from Davington, ... to the north-westward of it, and Ore-court at the like distance, at the edge ... to which book the reader is referred for...View result
America and West Indies: April 1620
Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 1, 1574-1660
America and West Indies April 1620 April 1620 April.? 50. Reasons to move the Privy Council to grant licence to export iron ore, &c. to Newfoundland, for the making of bar iron there. Endorsed, "Ordered 11 April 1620."View result
East Indies: November 1577
Calendar of State Papers Colonial, East Indies, China and Japan, Volume 2, 1513-1616
of the ore brought home by Frobisher, yet it is not brought to perfection. ... their coining. The ore is very rich and will yield better than 40 l. a ton clear ... ore is declared. DOMESTIC, Eliz...View result
East Indies: July 1583
Calendar of State Papers Colonial, East Indies, China and Japan, Volume 2, 1513-1616
East Indies July 1582 July 1582 July 28. 228. Two assays of the ore ... of Frobisher's ore and 2 cwt. of lead ore, the second with 1 cwt. of Frobisher's ore and 4 cwt. of lead...View result
William and Mary, 1693: An Act to prevent Disputes and Controversies concerning Royal Mines. [Chapter VI. Rot. Parl. pt. 2. nu. 5.]
Statutes of the Realm: Volume 6, 1685-94
upon Tweed wherein any Ore now is or hereafter shall be discovered opened ... and may hold and enjoy the same Mine or Mines and Ore and continue in the possession thereof and dig and work the said Mine or Mines or...View result
OS Map name 028/SW
Map of Somerset
Green Ore, BA5 3View result
Sheet 058
Map of Sussex
Baldslow, Broad Street, Fairlight, Guestling Green, Guestling Thorn, Hollington, Kent Street, Ore, Silverhill, St Helen's, The Moor, Three Oaks, Westfield, TN37 7, TN36 4, TN35 4, TN38 9, TN33 0, TN35 5, TN37 6, TN34 2View result
East Indies: September 1577
Calendar of State Papers Colonial, East Indies, China and Japan, Volume 2, 1513-1616
that Frobisher should discharge the ore there, and that it be kept in the castle ... until ore may be melted down. The Michael has arrived in safety in the Thames. The Commissioners think good to put the ...View result
Close Rolls, Edward II: August 1309
Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward II: Volume 1, 1307-1313
Close Rolls, Edward II August 1309 August 1309 Aug. 15. Langley. To Warin de Insula, constable of Wyndes[ore] castle. Order to repair the houses, tower, walls, and bridges of the castle, together with the stableView result
East Indies: February 1581
Calendar of State Papers Colonial, East Indies, China and Japan, Volume 2, 1513-1616
of Michael Lok for all the Northwest ore brought by Capt. Frobisher, ... and minerals there; licence to search and mine for ores, under certain ... cause all the ore to be wrought on account of...View result


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Video game consoles have certainly changed over the years and the people that play have changed as well. Game consoles are no longer simply enjoyed by the teenage crowd. There are a number of middle aged and elderly gamers who enjoy playing as well. Some consumers are simply not comfortable with many of the technologies incorporated into video game consoles today and because of this, they find it virtually impossible to choose the right gaming system.
Choosing the right game console depends on a number of factors. First, you should understand that the Microsoft Xbox 360, the Nintendo Wii and the Sony PlayStation 3 are the most popular consoles on the market. It is important to note that these systems are not all alike. Each is designed for a different type of player profile. The Nintendo Wii for instance is designed to be more of a family oriented gaming system. The Wii controllers or remotes are designed to be easy to handle by anyone of any age. They allow those playing to actually experience live gameplay by making each player actually move in order to play. For instance, those who choose to play baseball games on the Wii will actually have to act like they are throwing, hitting and catching while holding the remote in order for the game to work properly.
The Xbox 360 and the PlayStation 3 are similar consoles and offer a number of the same types of features. They are designed more for those who enjoy role playing and action games. Both of these systems offer the ability to play DVDs and CDs and they both offer a lot of storage space on their hard disks. There are motion sensing controllers available for both of these systems that act like the controllers for the Wii but they do not come with the systems.
It can be very difficult to determine just which gaming system is best. Knowing what you need in terms of special features and what types of games you want to play will help you to make your decision. If for instance you want to be able to watch DVDs then a Wii will not suit your needs. Keep in mind that the PlayStation 3 is the only system to date that will play Blu-ray discs so if this is a consideration then you may want to think about the PS3 as opposed to the Xbox or Wii.
The Wii was designed to be a family gaming system. If you are looking for a system that you can enjoy with your entire family and one that offers a number of family oriented game titles, then the Wii is a good choice. If you are looking to play games that are filled with action and role playing and you want something that can also provide you with a few media capabilities as well, the Xbox or PlayStation 3 are both good choices. This is of course until newer systems are released and then you will need to completely rethink your decision.


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Patriotism is not dying for your country, its making the other poor bastard die for his!
"So mote it be"
Like a lot of things in life, we laugh because their funny and we laugh because they're true.
gov. ryan is down here in terre haute and we put out the welcome mat for his majesty gov. balgo... welcome to the fcc that would be too funny!!
Last edited by MACHINEGUN; 07-01-2009 at 12:29.


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Week of Discovery
The Adventure Begins with a Week of Discovery!
For the next four years, you'll be living and learning in the heart of fast-changing New Jersey. Nearby are Philadelphia and New York City, dynamic and complex centers of commerce, culture and history.
- You may find yourself at the Jersey Shore to evaluate the science — and politics — of our state's ecosystem.
- Perhaps you'll take a close-up look at the business, ethics and media of sports at the site of SuperBowl XLVIII - MetLife Meadowlands Stadium — home to the Jets and Giants!
- You could travel to nearby Philadelphia, where history and the performing arts converge to create a city that's relevant and alive.
The possibilities are endless!
Check out freshman Samantha Huryk's favorite part of the Week of Discovery!
Your Freshman Year
Building on the activities and insights of your Week of Discovery, your journey will continue with new initiatives designed to change your perspective, introduce you to academic and career options through the study of the liberal arts, and develop your personal strengths.
They include:
The Discovery Seminar
This is where learning swings into action as you explore the exciting relationships between ideas, uncover the connections between disciplines and develop your critical thinking skills.
The Personal Development Seminar
The focus is on you here! You'll develop an understanding of your personal learning style and your leadership potential, guided by your own Rider mentor. Hands-on experiences will build your self-confidence while you discover the areas of greatest interest to you.
You'll also head into New York City to immerse yourself in the opportunities found in the City that Never Sleeps — from Broadway to Wall Street.
During the fall semester, you'll apply all the knowledge and insights gained during the Week of Discovery to a personal development experience on campus, guided by knowledgeable Rider insiders.


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THE WHITEBAIT FLY SEA-RUN TROUT provide good sport in Tasmania when they pursue migrating 'whitebait' shoals in the the estuaries and lower freshwater reaches of our major rivers. Actually the shoals consist mainly of juvenile galaxiids, the true Tasmanian whitebait representing only a small proportion of the 'whitebait' runs. The fly we use for sea-trout at these times is a simple white matuka pattern. It is very effective and should also work well in New Zealand to take trout feeding on smelt, but so far we have not been able to try it out there. Our main idea was to produce a fly with just a vague general resemblance to a 'tiddly', because the sea-run trout charge into the shoals and haven't time to inspect a fly carefully. Often, too, they turn quickly after charging, to mop up injured fish or ones which have been isolated due to the scattering of the shoal. Consequently the fly can be cast out smartly to the swirl of the trout's point of attack and allowed to sink slowly before making a slow, twitched retrieve, or it can be cast well ahead of the feeding trout and, with sharp pulls, be retrieved speedily. A streamer pattern is not always a good choice for this kind of fishing, because the hackles of a streamer wing tend to be a weak spot. Sometimes the wing gets twisted round the bend of the hook and all resemblance to a little fish is lost. The teeth of the hard-hitting sea-runners tend to break the hackles rather easily too, since the feathers are only tied in by their comparatively brittle butts. Tinsel ribbing is also rather frail and of doubtful durability in this type of fly. Since there is no point in being over-fussy, we make a very simple and slim matuka pattern. Natural cream-coloured seal's fur makes an excellent body and together with the white cock hackles produces a fly with sheen and sparkle. If the hackles carry a few faint fawn blotches or bars this is no detriment, since some of the galaxiids show a little pigmentation. We use mid-green polyester sewing thread instead of silk for tying the fly, because the thread is strong, has more bulk than silk and a tightly dubbed fly is quickly made on a No.6 or 8 long shank hook. The green thread also helps to give some illusion of the faint greenish tinge shown by some tiddlies. Thin gold or silver wire is all that is needed to tie down the hackle wings to the body and hold them in place. When making a matuka fly many tyers trim the fibres from the lower edge of the hackles where they are to sit along the back of the fly. We don't do this, preferring to leave them untrimmed. This makes for quicker tying and the extra fibres give the fly a little more sheen to add to that provided by the seal's fur body. To finish the head of the Whitebait Fly we use a drop of fluorescent yellow-green paint instead of the usual clear varnish. The colour shows up particularly well in dark, heavily stained water. The paint is obtainable in little bottles from hobby shops. Finally, if a trout chops off the tail from one of these flies don't discard it. Being tied on a long-shank hook it is still useful and will still take sea-trout. Makes you think, doesn't it? DRESSING Hook: No.6 or 8 long shank. Body: Natural cream seal's fur. Rib: Thin gold or silver wire. Wing: 2 white cock hackles, preferably with a few pale brown blotches or bars. Head: Small dab of yellow-green fluorescent paint. Thread: Mid-green polyester sewing thread. To make the Whitebait Fly, first whip the hook with polyester thread from 2 mm behind the eye to the bend, catching in the piece of fine wire. Next, dub the thread with the seal's fur and make a tight, slim body, finishing about 2 mm behind the hook eye. Half-hitch the thread. Trim the top of the body short and level. Now, working away from the eye of the fly make 3 or 4 close, tight turns of thread to form a bed for tying on the hackle wings. Half-hitch the thread. Prepare the cock-hackle wings, matching the pair for length. Turn them dull sides together and, working forward, tie them in by the butts on the bed you have just made for them. The tips of the hackles should project about 10 mm beyond the hook bend. (Now you have made a streamer fly. A matuka pattern is only a streamer with its hackle wings wired down to the body and kept upright). The hackles must now be tied down to the body with several firm, open turns of the wire. (When passing the wire down through the hackle fibres it helps if you first part them with a needle). Tie down the wire at the head of the fly; break or snip off the surplus, clip off the hackle butts and form a head from the tying thread in the usual way. (If you have kept the 2 mm gap behind the eye of the hook it makes it easier to form a neat head with the thread). Finally, finish the head with a dab of fluorescent yellow-green paint. SUMMARY * Whip hook to bend with thread and catch in wire. * Dub thread with seal's fur and make body. * Make bed for hackle butts and prepare hackles. * Tie-in hackle wings. * Tie down wings with open turns of wire. * Clip off hackle butts and surplus wire. * Form head, clip off thread. Dab head with fluorescent paint.
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When historians sit down to write about the recently departed 109th Congress, one fact is likely to stand out: The supposedly conservative majority spent as if it was a liberal majority.
"The greatest scandal in Washington, D.C., is runaway federal spending," Rep. Mike Pence said after the 2006 election. In recent years, he notes, the Republican majority "voted to expand the federal government's role in education, [added new] entitlements and pursued spending policies that created deficits and national debt." In essence, the outgoing Congress tried to buy our votes with our own money!
It adds up fast. Federal spending in fiscal year 2006 increased by 7.4%, and is now 42% above what it was when President Bush took office. Discretionary federal spending -- money the government chooses to spend, as opposed to what it must spend on programs such as Social Security -- has jumped 57% since 2001.
Over the years, federal lawmakers have found new ways to insert themselves into what should be local issues. Since President Bush took office, lawmakers have larded spending bills with more than 35,000 earmarks, including such wasteful and parochial measures as $223 million for the infamous Alaskan "Bridge to Nowhere" and $50 million for an indoor rainforest in Iowa.
Earmarking is often nothing more than an attempt by lawmakers to show folks that they're "bringing home the bacon." Conservatives should focus on the lesson of this election: This sort of federal spending is wrong. It doesn't work, and it should be stopped.
The other side of the spending coin is entitlements. Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security are on a path to bankrupt our country. Medicare spending alone is projected to leap $112 billion from 2005 through 2007, to nearly half a trillion dollars. There's a crisis looming.
Instead of addressing these problems, our lawmakers have only made them worse. In 2003, for instance, they passed the Medicare prescription-drug benefit, adding trillions of dollars in costs to an already failing program. It was the largest entitlement program passed since the Great Society of the 1960s, and many saw it as nothing more than an attempt by lawmakers to buy senior citizen's votes by giving them "inexpensive" drugs (to be paid for by their children and grandchildren's taxes).
The buy-off failed. Its main author, Nancy Johnson, was ousted in Connecticut, while key supporter Clay Shaw lost his Florida seat after his opponent made the costly benefit a campaign issue.
Today, as President Bush prepares to outline his agenda in the State of the Union, the Heritage Foundation's Mike Franc will lay out a positive agenda that Republicans and Democrats alike should be able to agree on. Franc is our vice president for government relations, and he's been through transitions before; he was at Heritage when the GOP took the House in 1994, and later served as director of communications for Majority Leader Richard Armey.
He'll explain what lawmakers can do to improve our country's fiscal health, boost our competitiveness overseas, protect our national security and strengthen our energy supplies and security.
The American people certainly voted for change in 2006. And the lesson that politicians should learn from this election is that they can't buy our support with more spending. Instead, they should focus on creating a government that is smaller and more responsible with our money. Now, read how they can do that.
Edwin Feulner is president of The Heritage Foundation (heritage.org), a Washington-based public policy research institute and co-author of the new book Getting America Right.
First appeared in Human Events


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I bought a certified pre-owned car from a reputable dealer about 6 weeks ago. I bought an extended warranty/service contract through the dealer too.
A few days after I got it, I was involved in a major accident. I got it back, and then yesterday I noticed what I think is whining from the front differential. (I've only put 1,000 miles on the vehicle at most.)
My question is this.
I called the dealer this morning (as the warranty requires) and told them about the issue and asked when I could bring it in. They told me they COULD have me drop it off today but it won't be looked at until Thursday. That means I would be paying for a rental today, tomorrow, and the next day before it's even LOOKED at - and that's like $100.
If I choose to wait to drop it off until Thursday morning, am I voiding my warranty in any way? Should I even be worried about this? I asked the girl at the service department and she said it's fine but I've been screwed over, like, ten times this year, so I'm very nervous. Also, very broke. VERY, VERY broke.
[This message edited by mysticpenguin at 1:57 PM, December 23rd (Monday)]
I don't have a beef really so much as I'm worried that if I don't drop the car off today (vs. Thursday), the warranty co. will reject the charges.
Is that something that happens or have I been reading about health insurance for too long?
[This message edited by mysticpenguin at 1:55 PM, December 23rd (Monday)]


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Leading Independent Proxy Advisory Firm Glass Lewis Recommends USA Technologies Shareholders Vote BLUE Proxy Card 'FOR' All of Independent Shareholder Group SAVE's Board Director Nominees
Dec 03, 2009, 09:57 ET from Shareholder Advocates for Value Enhancement
NEW YORK, Dec. 3 /PRNewswire/ -- Shareholder Advocates for Value Enhancement (SAVE), a group of shareholders of USA Technologies, Inc. (Nasdaq: USAT) unaffiliated with the Company, is pleased to announce that Glass Lewis & Co., a leading independent proxy advisory firm, has recommended that USA Technologies' shareholders vote the BLUE proxy card "FOR" each of SAVE's highly qualified and independent Board director nominees.
In its December 2, 2009 report recommending the election of each of SAVE's Board director nominees, Glass Lewis stated*:
- "[W]e believe that the board's recent amendments to the Company's bylaws call into question whether the board is truly acting in shareholders' best interest."
- "Based on these actions by the board, together with the Company's severe underperformance in recent years, we believe that a change to the current board could prove beneficial for shareholders."
- "In our view, the presence of these nominees may prove beneficial for the Board and provide a much-needed impetus to effect change."
Bradley M. Tirpak, one of SAVE's committee members and one of its Board director nominees, said: "We appreciate the support of Glass Lewis and are gratified that an independent proxy advisory firm has endorsed our efforts to align management interests with those of the common shareholders."
SAVE urges stockholders to follow the Glass Lewis recommendations by signing, dating and returning the BLUE proxy card today. For additional information on how to vote their shares, shareholders are invited to call Morrow & Co. at 800-662-5200.
To ensure that your vote is represented at the meeting, we urge you to vote TODAY by Internet or telephone by following the simple instructions on your blue proxy card. If you have questions about how to vote your shares, or need additional assistance, please contact:
Morrow & Co., LLC
Toll Free: 800-662-5200
Banks and Brokerage Firms Call Collect: 203-658-9400
On November 30, 2009, Shareholder Advocates for Value Enhancement (SAVE) filed a definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A for the election of its slate of director nominees at the annual meeting of Stockholders of USA Technologies, Inc. scheduled to be held on December 15, 2009 (the "Annual Meeting"), which definitive proxy statement is being disseminated to shareholders. SHAREHOLDERS OF USA TECHNOLOGIES, INC. ARE URGED TO READ THE PROXY STATEMENT CAREFULLY BECAUSE IT CONTAINS IMPORTANT INFORMATION.
The Proxy Statement and all other soliciting materials filed by SAVE will be available at: http://WWW.SAVEUSAT.COM.
Shareholder Advocates for Value Enhancement (SAVE) is an independent group of investors in USA Technologies. Inc. ("USAT"), whose members, Bradley M. Tirpak and Craig W. Thomas, are committed to enhancing long-term value for USAT shareholders by advocating for improved corporate governance, efficient operations and compensation changes. http://WWW.SAVEUSAT.COM.
* Permission to use quotations was neither sought nor obtained.
SOURCE Shareholder Advocates for Value Enhancement


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LONDON, May 14 (UPI) -- British soap opera star William Roache appeared at Preston Magistrates' Court in London and denied recent allegations he raped a 15-year-old girl in 1967.
Roache, 81, has been a cast member of TV's "Coronation Street" since the series began in 1960.
The actor was arrested May 1 and charged with two counts of rape after a woman came forward and said he sexually assaulted her when she was a youth.
ITV has said Roache will not appear on the show until legal proceedings are complete.
He is due back in court June 10, the BBC said.


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LOS ANGELES, Sept. 26 (UPI) -- P!nk's "The Truth About Love" is the No. 1 album in the United States this week, Billboard.com reported Wednesday.
Coming in at No. 2 on the Billboard 200 is the "Cruel Summer" compilation CD, followed by the Killers' "Battle Born" at No. 3, Dave Matthews Band's "Away From the World" at No. 4 and Little Big Town's "Tornado" at No. 5.
Rounding out the top tier are Carly Rae Jepsen's "Kiss" at No. 6, Grizzly Bear's "Shields" at No. 7, Bob Dylan's "Tempest" at No. 8, the Avett Brothers' "The Carpenter" at No. 9 and Ben Folds Five's "The Sound of the Life of the Mind" at No. 10.


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Kids go free at Travelodge
Enjoy great value family stays with Travelodge where kids under 16 stay and eat breakfast FREE. Our warm and welcoming rooms all feature a comfy king size bed with four plump pillows and a cosy duvet, with extra pull out beds or a sofa bed in family rooms. Staying with the family has never been easier, and with over 530 hotels in the UK, Ireland and Spain, we're never far away.
Kids eat breakfast free
For every adult enjoying our unlimited all you can eat breakfast, 2 children aged under 16 can tuck into as much as they like for FREE. So a family of 2 adults and 2 children under 16 pay just £16.50 for as much breakfast as you and the family can manage.
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Since the retirement of T.H. Approval, the Southern California male turf division has been a knot. In Sunday's $150,000 San Luis Obispo Handicap (gr. IIT), it was the French-bred Obrigado's turn to win.
"We've been waiting for this day," co-owner Gary Seidler said afterward. "We thought of renaming him Overdue."
Obrigado was attempting the 12-furlong distance for the first time, although he has always given the impression he'd last that long for trainer Neil Drysdale. The 4-year-old gelded son of Enrique was coming off a close third-place finish in the 1 1/4-mile San Marcos (gr. IIT) behind 'Obispo rivals One Off and Notable Guest. Prior to that he was second in last year's Hollywood (gr. IT), Oak Tree (gr. IIT), and Del Mar (gr. IIT) derbies while closing in each at intermediate distances.
Jockey Garrett Gomez kept Obrigado on the outside of 2-1 choice Notable Guest as they tracked the run-off pacesetter Bravo Maestro, who struck a double-digit lead as the determined front-runner through fractions of :47 1/5, 1:11 2/5 and 1:36 3/5. Bravo Maestro led by 18 lengths after a mile, but those splits caught up with leader on the far turn. Notable Guest swept past to get the lead with a quarter-mile to run, but Obridgado was right with him. Obrigado, on the outside, put away the favorite to open up by a length leaving the eighth pole, then held on gamely for a measured half-length victory in a time of 2:27 1/5 on a firm turf.
"When I rode him at Hollywood Park (Hollywood Derby), he acted like a horse who wanted to go a mile and a half or further," Gomez said. "The concern today was that there was no pace. I didn't know what I was going to do, but when (Bravo Maestro) took off like he did crossing the dirt, I just decided to ignore him and sit close to the horses I knew we'd have to beat. Neil's done a great job with him, and we got lucky with where we were and he really kicked through the lane."
The day wasn't perfect for Drysdale, who also trains the original runner-up, San Marcos winner One Off, who finished a nose in front of On the Acorn. One Off, ridden by Brice Blanc, was disqualified for interfering with On the Acorn in the stretch and was dropped to third. On the Acorn, claimed for $40,000 in November, was moved up to second with Julien Leparoux aboard. Runaway Dancer was the third nose on the wire for second and landed in fourth.
"He's trained like a mile and half horse, and he ran like a mile and half horse," Drysdale said of Obrigado. "I'm very pleased with his performance, but a little disappointed One Off got taken down, but that's the way it is. It was a strangely run race as far as pace, and I was concerned that (Obrigado) didn't have any cover. He was out there just galloping along and he's a European horse, and they want to be covered up."
Drysdale said the $200,000 San Luis Rey Handicap (gr. IIT) at 1 1/2 miles on the Santa Anita turf March 24 could be next for Obrigado.
One Off and Obrigado shared the top weight assignment of 117 pounds.
Obrigado's only previous win in seven U.S. starts came in a division of the Oceanside for 3-year-olds at Del Mar in July. But the consistent bay has been in the money in all but one of his American starts. Obrigado won three of seven starts in his native France. Seidler, of Beverly Hills, co-owns Obrigado with Peter Vegso.
Obrigado now owns a 5-3-3 record in 15 lifetime starts with earnings of $417,654.
Sent off as the second choice in the field of seven, Obrigado paid $9.80, $5, and $3.40. The British-bred On the Acorn, making his graded stakes debut for trainer Mike Mitchell, returned $8.40 and $4.60, completing an $82.60 exacta. One Off, another English-bred, was $3.60 to show.
Runaway Dancer was followed by Notable Guest, Atlando, and Bravo Maestro. A.P. Xcellent scratched.
(Chart, Equibase)


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Transmembrane electrical potentials were recorded from cells of rat salivary glands in vivo, using microelectrodes. The mean (±se) from 61 impalements of unstimulated submaxillary cells was 28 ± 1.4 mv. In submaxillary gland, acinar cells and cells of granular tubules account for approximately 70 and 30%, respectively, of all secretory elements. Dividing the range of submaxillary potentials at 35 mv gave two groups with new means of 23 ± 1.0 and 41 ± 0.6 mv, in which were contained 70 and 30%, respectively, of all values. Potentials in submaxillary gland from which granular tubules had been caused virtually to disappear (by isoproterenol) were always below 35 mv (mean ± se = 25 ± 0.6 mv). Similarly, potentials from normal parotid gland (in which granular tubules do not appear) never exceeded 34 mv (mean ± se = 20 ± 2.4). In submaxillary, stimulation, at least over relatively long durtion, produced no change in average potential. It was concluded that membrane potentials from rat salivary glands are generally below the potassium equilibrium potential, with acinar cells showing lower values than cells of granular tubules.
- rat salivary glands
- microelectrode responses
- salivary secretion
- isoproterenol
- secretory potentials
- Copyright © 1965 by American Physiological Society


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Elder earth elementals are 40 feet high and weigh 60,000
Earth elementals speak Terran but rarely choose to do so.
Elemental: Immune to poison, sleep, paralysis, and stunning.
Not subject to critical hits.
Earth Mastery (Ex): An earth elemental gains a +1 attack and
damage bonus if both it and its foe touch the ground. If an
opponent is airborne or waterborne, the elemental suffers a -4
penalty to attack and damage. (These modifiers are not included
in the statistics block.)
Push (Ex): An earth elemental can start a bull rush maneuver
without provoking an attack of opportunity. The combat modifiers
given in Earth Mastery, above, also apply to the elemental's
opposed Strength checks.


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Russia and EU: the double context
|Monday, 10. November 2008 0 comment(s)
Arkady Moshes
Programme Director - The EU's Eastern Neighbourhood and Russia research programme
It is axiomatic that Russia-EU relations at the moment have dualist nature. One does not need to be an expert to say that, on the one hand, the parties are engaged into a relationship of critical economic interdependence coupled with a well-developed and institutionalized bureaucratic interaction, but that, on the other hand, the value gap between the two is growing and, consequently, the ability to agree on fundamental policy issues is decreasing.
I am just trying to take this analysis a bit further.
We can probably also speak about two mutually contradicting contexts, in which the contacts between Russia and EU take place.
One is the great power context. In this context, a dynamic and resurgent nation-state, which perceives itself to be strong enough vis-à-vis a stagnant and internally heterogeneous economic grouping with limited police functions, challenges the Union in normative sense while simultaneously trying to offer it a deal as regards the spheres of influence in the common neighbourhood. Within this context the EU, which was considered to be of key importance for Russia in countrys Foreign Policy Concept of 2000, was downgraded to the status of one of Russias main trade-economic and political partners in the similar document of 2008.
This context is shaped in Russia. But it finds its way into the mindsets of those Europeans, who easily forget about interdependence and speak about unilateral energy dependence instead, who ignore the, actually, incomparably smaller size of Russian economy, let alone its fundamental social and political ills, that highly make it possible for Russia to regain the superpower position in the modern world.
It took me a while before I found a metaphor to describe this phenomenon. But now I have it. Its a famous football game between Russia and Finland last month in Moscow. Russia scored once, while Finland did twice as much, raising the final result of the Russian victory to three to nil. Same happens in politics, when instead of analyzing thoroughly certain claims that the Russian elite makes in order to understand if they are feasible, some Europeans simply take them at face value and repeat.
But there is also a totally different context, which for the absence of a better term could be called global. This one does not come from the heads of opinion-setters in either Russia or Europe, and is, therefore, more objective. It is determined by the realization that Russia and the West are in the same boat, which sailing through the world financial crisis, with one caveat, though, namely, that it is the Russian companies which owe money to the Western banks and not vice versa. It is determined by the growing Russian negative balance in its trade with China and latters reluctance to pay the world price for the Russian energy, unlike Europe. It is determined by the fact that as of the moment several million Russian citizens, rich and not so rich, permanently reside on the territory of EU, and dozens of millions visit Europe every year to import back home all sorts of basic things, which are already much cheaper in Europe. And in the final count, it is determined by the imperative of Russian modernization, which can hardly take place without European technologies, investment and education.
So, if I were to advise the European policy-makers, Id say that their task is to maximize this second, global, context when engaging with Russia, and minimize the readiness to play by the rules of the first one.
Of course, there is also an option of wait and see, and EU is good at that. It is highly probable that the prevalence of one of the two contexts will depend on one indicator, measured in US dollars per barrel, which, as a classic saying goes, distinguishes the energy superpower from an energy appendage of developed countries.
But Id prefer to look for something more constructive and less fatalist.
Texts reflect the opinions of the individual authors
Discuss the topic


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Higher wages and capital intensity: a closer look
This paper focuses on the relationship between higher wages and capital intensity. The relationship itself is by no means a novel finding but we try to provide a meaningful theoretical explanation for the relationship and empirical evidence on its exact nature. Our explanation is the outcome of the wage bargaining process in the case of capital-intensive companies. They are more vulnerable to strike threat than companies that have a small capital stock and thus they may more easily give in for union wage demand. In other words, the bargaining power of unions is related to the capital-labor ratio. This paper provides some tests for these hypotheses with an extensive panel data for Finnish unincorporated enterprises and companies. The results show the relationship between higher wages and capital intensity and very strong and it applies to all sorts of companies and, finally, and it is consistent with the wage bargaining hypothesis.
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|Date of creation:
|Dec 2006
|Contact details of provider:
| Postal: Rehtorinpellonkatu 3, FIN-20500 TURKU
Phone: +358 2 333 51
Web page: http://ace-economics.fi
More information through EDIRC
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Muthoo,Abhinay, 1999. "Bargaining Theory with Applications," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521576475, October.
- John Duffy & Chris Papageorgiou & Fidel Perez-Sebastian, 2004.
"Capital-Skill Complementarity? Evidence from a Panel of Countries,"
The Review of Economics and Statistics,
MIT Press, vol. 86(1), pages 327-344, February.
- Chris Papageorgiou & Fidel Pérez Sebastián & John Duffy, 2002. "Capital-Skill Complementarity? Evidence From A Panel Of Countries," Working Papers. Serie AD 2002-09, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas, S.A. (Ivie).
- Chris Papageorgiou & John Duffy & Fidel Perez-Sebastian, 2003. "Capital-Skill complementarity? Evidence from a Panel of Countries," Departmental Working Papers 2003-012, Department of Economics, Louisiana State University.
- John M. Abowd & Francis Kramarz & David N. Margolis, 1999. "High Wage Workers and High Wage Firms," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 67(2), pages 251-334, March.
- John M. Abowd & Francis Kramarz & David N. Margolis, 1994. "High Wage Workers and High Wage Firms," NBER Working Papers 4917, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- John M. Abowd & Francis Kramarz & David Margolis, 1999. "High Wage Workers and High Wage Firms," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-00353892, HAL.
- Abowd, J.M. & Kramarz, F. & Margolis, D.N., 1995. "High-Wage Workers and High-Wage Firms," Cahiers de recherche 9503, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en économie quantitative, CIREQ.
- Abowd, J.M. & Kramarz, F. & Margolis, D.N., 1995. "High-Wage Workers and High-Wage Firms," Cahiers de recherche 9503, Universite de Montreal, Departement de sciences economiques.
- David Margolis, 1995. "High Wage Workers and High Wage Firms," Post-Print halshs-00378229, HAL.
- John M. Abowd & Francis Kramarz & David N. Margolis, 1994. "High-Wage Workers and High-Wage Firms," CIRANO Working Papers 94s-23, CIRANO.
- Edward E. Leamer, 1999. "Effort, Wages, and the International Division of Labor," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 107(6), pages 1127-1162, December.
- Edward E. Leamer, 1996. "Effort, Wages and the International Division of Labor," NBER Working Papers 5803, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Miller, Paul & Mulvey, Charles, 1996. "Unions, Firm Size and Wages," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 72(217), pages 138-153, June.
- Per Krusell & Lee E. Ohanian & JosÈ-Victor RÌos-Rull & Giovanni L. Violante, 2000. "Capital-Skill Complementarity and Inequality: A Macroeconomic Analysis," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 68(5), pages 1029-1054, September.
- Per Krusell & Lee E. Ohanian & Jose-Victor Rios-Rull & Giovanni L. Violante, 1997. "Capital-skill complementarity and inequality: a macroeconomic analysis," Staff Report 239, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
- Burdett, Kenneth & Mortensen, Dale T, 1998. "Wage Differentials, Employer Size, and Unemployment," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 39(2), pages 257-273, May.
- Bentolila Samuel & Saint-Paul Gilles, 2003. "Explaining Movements in the Labor Share," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, vol. 3(1), pages 1-33, October.
- Bentolila, Samuel & Saint-Paul, Gilles, 1998. "Explaining Movements in the Labour Share," CEPR Discussion Papers 1958, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Samuel Bentolila & Gilles Saint Paul, 1999. "Explaining movements in the labor share," Economics Working Papers 374, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
- Bentollia, S. & Saint-Paul, G., 1999. "Explaining Movements in the Labor Share," Papers 9905, Centro de Estudios Monetarios Y Financieros-.
- Graziella Bertocchi, 2003. "Labor Market Institutions, International Capital Mobility, and the Persistence of Underdevelopment," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 6(3), pages 637-650, July.
- repec:lsu:lsuwpp:2003-12 is not listed on IDEAS
- Konings, Jozef & Walsh, Patrick P, 1994. "Evidence of Efficiency Wage Payments in UK Firm Level Panel Data," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 104(424), pages 542-555, May.
- J Konings & Patrick Paul Walsh, 1993. "Evidence of Efficiency Wage Payments in UK Firm Level Panel Data," CEP Discussion Papers dp0138, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
- Grout, Paul A, 1984. "Investment and Wages in the Absence of Binding Contracts: A Nash Bargining Approach," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 52(2), pages 449-460, March.
- Devereux, Michael B. & Lockwood, Ben, 1991. "Trade unions, non-binding wage agreements, and capital accumulation," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 35(7), pages 1411-1426, October.
- Michael B. Devereux & Ben Lockwood, 1989. "Trade Unions, Non-Binding Wage Agreements, and Capital Accumulation," Working Papers 743, Queen's University, Department of Economics.
- Surendra Gera & Gilles Grenier, 1994. "Interindustry Wage Differentials and Efficiency Wages: Some Canadian Evidence," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 27(1), pages 81-100, February. Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)
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Obituaries Archives The Altamont Enterprise, June 16, 2011
Leonard M. Richardson
STARKVILLE A farmer and a family man, Leonard M. Richardson died on Saturday, June 11, 2011, at his Starkville home with his loving family by his side. He was 72.
"He was quiet and hard-working," said his sister, Lora Ricketts of Thompson's Lake. "He was also very loyal and caring and would do anything for his children."
Mr. Richardson was born on March 22, 1939 in Albany, the son of the late Willis and Martha Kolakowski Richardson.
"I remember the good times I had with Len as we grew up on a farm in North Pomfert, Vermont," said his sister. "There were four of us kids in the family then and we lived two miles from all neighbors. We played baseball, two against two. Or, if our parents were gone, we'd ride the work horses, two on each horse, and try to have a race. We were fine if our parents didn't come home early…. That was our way of being devilish."
The Richardsons didn't own a saddle so the children rode bareback. They lived in a house without running water or indoor plumbing, and they walked to a one-room schoolhouse where children from first through eighth grades were taught together.
Mrs. Ricketts went on, "We'd go fishing for hours on end…We always milked the cows together and did most chores together as we were the two oldest.
"Len was the best man at my wedding," she said. Mrs. Ricketts got married on Oct. 13, 1956.
Soon after, in 1957, her brother joined the Army. He earned his GED (General Education Diploma, certifying high-school level academic skills) and also obtained a business degree while enlisted. Honorably discharged in 1960, Mr. Richardson was proud to have served at the end of the Korean War; he received a Purple Heart for the rescue of a fellow soldier, his family wrote in a tribute.
His family had moved to Knox in the Helderbergs.
He was married to Linda Carman Richardson on June 27, 1975. "They shared a beautiful 35 years of marriage," his family wrote.
At the time of his marriage, Mr. Richardson had a small farm in the Hilltowns and also worked as a trucker. In 1978, he bought a large dairy farm near Fort Plain.
"Len loved farming and bought the farm of his dreams in Starkville, Herkimer County, just seven miles west of Fort Plain," said his sister. "Then he didn't have to do the trucking anymore…Len kept a large herd of dairy cows until just a few years ago and right up until the end, he cut and baled hay.
"He loved to be with his grandchildren after his children grew up, and he would often be seen at their games and other activities," said Mrs. Ricketts. "As the Amish settled in their area, Len became a special friend to them and could often be seen driving them around. He and Linda would have their special Amish family with their eight children over for dinner."
A sports fan, Mr. Ricketts liked watching the Mets and Giants play but most of all he loved to watch wrestling.
In 2007, Mr. Richardson and his wife traveled to Germany with his sister, Patricia Kykla, and her husband, George, to visit his son Thomas Richardson and his family.
While Leonard Richardson was serving in the Army, he married a German woman, Karola. "She didn't want to move to the States and the marriage was annulled. He was devastated," said Mrs. Ricketts. Their son, Thomas, was born after Mr. Richardson returned home so he never saw his child. Mrs. Ricketts went on, "In my mother's living room was always a picture of my brother in his uniform with a separate picture of his baby tucked in the bottom of the frame."
Thomas Richardson and his children found letters he had written to Karola, which she had kept all those years in a box in her attic; the letters were postmarked Berne, said Mrs. Ricketts. The German Richardsons found the town of Berne's website online and contacted the supervisor at the time, Kevin Crosier, said Mrs. Ricketts. He got in touch with the town's historian, Ralph Miller, who knew that Mrs. Ricketts was a Richardson. The link was made, and Thomas Richardson, at age 47, came with his wife and children to America to meet his father, who was then 69. "We had a day where all the family came to meet them at the firehouse," recalled Mrs. Ricketts.
Then, in turn, Leonard Richardson traveled to Germany with his wife and his sister and brother-in-law to see his son and the extended family, including his ex-wife. "Her family embraced my brother," said Mrs. Ricketts. "They are very kind and loving."
Mrs. Ricketts said of her brother, "He loved all of his children."
"He was a family man who very much enjoyed the company of his children and grandchildren," his family wrote.
"He adored his kids," said Mrs. Ricketts. "He would do anything for them. They farmed with him," she said, and many of his children still live nearby. "He was even better with his grandkids," said Mrs. Ricketts. "He always had a grandchild in his arms."
Mr. Richardson had 14 grandchildren and five great-grandchildren.
"He was always involved in his children's lives," his family wrote, "always thoughtful of their needs, and contributing to their lives as much as possible."
Leonard M. Richardson is survived by his wife, Linda Richardson; and his children, Thomas Richardson of Germany, Michael Richardson of Starkville, Teri Barton and her husband, Mark, of Starkville, Chris Richardson of Fort Plain, David Richardson and his wife, Wendy, of Fort Plain, Cheryl Lord of Troy, Donna Blanchard and her husband, Christian, of Fort Plain; and stepson, Bruce Garlock of Fort Plain.
He is also survived by his grandchildren, Sabastian, Anja, Kerstin, Cory, Kyle, Jason, Sarah, Natalie, Cassy, Steven, Kristy, Haleigh, Cameron, and Carolynn; and five great-grandchildren.
He is survived, too, by his brother, Kenneth Richardson, and his sisters, Lora Ricketts, Patricia Kykla, and Georgia Hallenbeck. Several extended family members and friends also survive.
His father, Willis Richardson, died before him, as did his mother, Martha Longacker, and stepfather, George Longacker, as well as his brother-in-law, Ray Ricketts.
Funeral services were on Wednesday, June 15, at Lenz & Betz Funeral Home in Canajoharie with burial at the Gerald B. H. Solomon Saratoga National Cemetery following the service.
Mourners may visit the family's online guestbook at www.brbsfuneral.com.
Melissa Hale-Spencer
Michael Best
GLENVILLE Michael Best, A World War II veteran who was a brother to many in his fraternal organizations, died on June 10, 2011 at the Kingsway Arms Nursing Home in Schenectady. He was 87.
Born on April 22, 1924 in Brooklyn, N.Y., he was the son of the late Walter and Pauline Chupko Best.
Mr. Best served in the United States Army during World War II and worked at General Electric in Schenectady for over 30 years, until he retired. He was a member of the GE Quarter Century Club.
Mr. Best was also a member of the Schenectady Lodge 1174 F&AM, the Sigma Bodies Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite Valley of Schenectady, the Oriental Shriners, and the Schenectady Shrine Club.
He loved travelling all over the world with his wife.
Mr. Best is survived by his wife of 58 years, Helen McQuade Best, and by two brothers, Eugene Best of Rochester and Walter Best of Altamont, and several nieces and nephews.
Calling hours will be from 3 to 6 p.m. at the Baxter-Andrew Funeral Home, 1867 State St., Schenectady, with a Masonic service to be held at 6 p.m. at the funeral home. Burial will be private at the Schenectady Memorial Park at a later date.
Frederick R. Edmunds
NEW SCOTLAND Frederick Edmunds, a man of many abilities but one focus, died on June 5, 2011 at his home in Vero Beach, Fla. He was 85.
"He loved his wife most, then his family, then the dogs, then the Civil War," said his son, Geoffrey Edmunds.
The Rochester native began his life-long study of the war while he was a history major at the University of Rochester, where he met his late wife, Nancy Edmunds.
"He was caught up in the romance of the South," Geoffrey Edmunds said of his father's interest in what he saw as a misunderstood epoch.
After finishing his degree, Mr. Edmunds took his new bride to California, where he was stationed in the Air Force. Also in the early 1950s, he pursued professional baseball, after having played for the semi-pro Rochester Redwings, but gave it up in favor of a law degree when he threw his arm out.
"He wanted to be an athlete, but he turned out to be good at law," Geoffrey Edmunds said.
After Mr. Edmunds graduated from Cornell Law School, the couple moved to Voorheesville, bringing their daughter and newborn son. Having lived in the village, they decided that they wanted their children to grow up in the country and bought an old farm in New Scotland that "needed a lot of love," Geoffrey Edmunds said.
"I think they were of similar mind," he said of his parents' life-long love. They cared deeply for each other and shared a commitment to a happy family life.
There is a photo, Geoffrey Edmunds said, of all six of their children, each on a bike, in front of the farmhouse in 1963, the year they bought it. They grew up there, playing Little League and Scouting. Mr. Edmunds engaged in his children's activities and provided for his family he sent each child to college.
Working as a trial lawyer, Mr. Edmunds named his first two boxers Tort, a legal term for an offense for which someone can be sued.
At that time, Albany was controlled by Daniel O'Connell's Democratic machine, but Mr. Edmunds made a run to represent the county in the state legislature as a Republican.
"Good judgment, sincerity, integrity and political courage should mark the character of any man who seeks election to the Assembly of the State of New York," he wrote for his campaign flyer in the early 1960s. Integrity was central his father's character, Geoffrey Edmunds said.
He was also a compassionate father. When his teenage children got into trouble, he'd sit them down and ask: What did you do? Why did you do it? Are you sorry you did it? Are you going to do it again?
"We all came to the conclusion we'd never do it again," Geoffrey Edmunds said.
Mr. Edmunds became a partner in the firm of Gary, Cahill, Edmunds & Breslin before retiring and moving with his wife to Gettysburg, Pa. in 1992 to open the Confederate States Armory and Museum.
He ran the museum with his wife and old English sheep dog, Stony, named for the Confederate general, Stonewall Jackson. An intuitive and fierce tactical commander, Jackson had died just months before the battle at Gettysburg, leaving Richard Ewell in his stead. Under ambiguous terms from General Robert E. Lee, Ewell did not take a Union stronghold when it might have been possible, which may well have led to the Confederate's loss at Gettysburg, largely seen as the turning point of the war.
"That place has such gravity," Geoffrey Edmunds said of the battlefield, which bore the most casualties of the war.
He concluded, "We're going to remember him as an icon."
Mr. Edmunds, who was born Aug. 23, 1925, is survived by his children: Stephanie Adams and her husband, David, of Atlanta, Ga.; Dr. Geoffrey Edmunds and his wife, Lynn, of Albany; Linda Friedrich, of Ft. Pierce, Fla.; Dr. Frederick Edmunds and his wife, Peggy, of Victor, N.Y.; Emme Edmunds, of Ithaca, N.Y.; and Thomas Edmunds of Schoharie. He is also survived by eight grandchildren and one great-grandchild.
His wife of 58 years, Nancy I. Edmunds, died in 2009.
A Celebration of Life open house will be held on June 26 at the Cassidy residence, 1015 Ansley Ave. SW in Vero Beach, Fla. from 4:30 to 7:30 p.m.
A memorial service will be held on July 16 at 11 a.m. at The Great Conewago Presbyterian Church, 174 Red Bridge Rd., Gettysburg, Pa. 17325. Arrangements are by the Cox-Gifford-Seawinds Funeral Home & Crematory in Vero Beach, Fla. Condolences may be left at www.coxgiffordseawinds.com.
Memorial contributions may be made to The Great Conewago Presbyterian Church, 174 Red Bridge Rd., Gettysburg, PA 17325 or to the Old English Sheepdog Rescue Foundation, www.oesrescuenetwork.org/supportus.html.
Saranac Hale Spencer


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Multiple JSON photo galleries on one page
Hopefully I'm in the right spot. I know my script includes JSON, but I know very little about Javascript in general.
I just started this site last night and ran into the issue when I tried to add a second gallery. The second gallery shows up (thumbnails and navigation) but it fails to actually display the large images. I'm assuming I need to assign a second set of variables somewhere but I'm no master at javascript so I don't know where to begin. Please help?
I've uploaded a zip of the entire site to sendspace here:
within the .zip file you'll see MULTIPLE GALLERIES ISSUE.txt
i wrote the files and lines of code which pertain to this issue to help navigate quicker.
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please post the gallery javascript code here.
sounds like you are trying to reuse a global variable.
turning it into a local variable, or turning the global into a container of gallery image sets should fix it, but it's too much work for most us to play around with zip files.Create, Share, and Debug HTML pages and snippets with a cool new web app I helped create: pagedemos.com


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|Format: Hardcover
Number of Pages: 1440
Vendor: Thomas Nelson
Publication Date: 2009
Dimensions: 8.75 X 5.50 X 1.75 (inches)
Ages: 8-12
|Text Color: Black Letter
Text Size: 9 Point
Note Size: 8 Point
Thumb Index: No
Ribbon Marker: No
Spine: Glued
Page Gilding: None
Page Edges: Pattern
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Palm Oil
- What other names is Palm Oil known by?
- What is Palm Oil?
- How does Palm Oil work?
- Are there safety concerns?
- Are there any interactions with medications?
- Dosing considerations for Palm Oil.
What other names is Palm Oil known by?Aceite de Palma, African Palm Oil, Crude Palm Oil, Elaeis guineensis, Elaeis melanococca, Fractionated Palm Kernel Oil, Huile de Palme, Huile de Palme Brute, Huile de Palme Rouge, Huile de Palmiste, Main Ja, Oil Palm Tree, Palm, Palm Fruit Oil, Palm Kernel Oil, Palm Oil Carotene, Palmier à Huile, Red Palm Oil.
What is Palm Oil?Palm oil is obtained from the fruit of the oil palm tree.
Palm oil is used for preventing vitamin A deficiency, cancer, brain disease, aging; and treating malaria, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and cyanide poisoning. Palm oil is used for weight loss and increasing the body's metabolism.
As food, palm oil is used for frying.
Industrially, palm oil is used for manufacturing cosmetics, soaps, toothpaste, waxes, lubricants, and ink.
Possibly Effective for...
- Preventing a lack of vitamin A (vitamin A deficiency). There is some evidence that adding palm oil to the diet of pregnant women and children in developing countries might reduce the risk of developing vitamin A deficiency.
Possibly Ineffective for...
- High cholesterol. Consuming palm oil as part of a specific diet plan does not seem to reduce cholesterol levels in people with high cholesterol. In fact, some research suggests that palm oil might actually increase cholesterol levels compared to other oils, such as soybean, canola, or sunflower oil.
- Malaria. Some research suggests that dietary consumption of palm oil by children under 5 years of age in developing countries does not seem to decrease symptoms of malaria.
Insufficient Evidence to Rate Effectiveness for...
- High blood pressure.
- Cyanide poisoning.
- Weight loss agent.
- Cancer.
- Anti-aging.
- Brain disease.
- Other conditions.
Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate (detailed description of each of the ratings).
Next: How does Palm Oil work?
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