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Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Chest Diseases, İzmir, Turkey**
Nizip Zerdegümlü Ayşe Çapan Family Health Center, Gaziantep, Turkey***
Antalya Atatürk State Hospital, Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Antalya, Turkey****
Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Chest Diseases, İzmir, Turkey
Objective: Lactate, as an indicator of hypoxia, may be useful in sleep-related breathing disorders to identify higher risk groups and monitor the effectiveness of positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment. We aimed to investigate the change in arterial lactate level in blood after PAP treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and sleep-related hypoventilation and hypoxemic syndromes and its applicability for monitoring this change regarding the effectiveness of the treatment.
Materials and Methods: PAP titration was applied to 64 OSA patients diagnosed with polysomnography. Measurements included pulmonary function testing, overnight PAP titration, arterial blood gases, and analysis of arterial lactate before and after titration. Overnight lactate level change was calculated.
Results: Of the 64 patients in the study, 49 were in the OSA group and 15 were in the Obesity Hypoventilation syndrome plus OSA group. No statistically significant difference was detected among the patients in terms of lactate levels before and after PAP treatment [1.97 (±0.7) - 1.98 (±0.6)] (p>0.05). In the OSA patient group, we detected an inverse relationship between Lactate and pre-treatment non-rapid eye movement 1-2% (r=-0.328, p=0.021), T 90% (r=-0.356, p=0.012), and total apnea hypopnea index (AHI) (r=-0.424, p=0.002). Lactate is found to be positively correlated with pre-treatment measured oxygen saturation (r=0.396, p=0.005), and with minimum oxygen saturation (r=0.361, p=0.011).
Conclusion: Our study showed that there is a relationship between AHI, average and minimum oxygen saturation and T 90% and lactate difference, which are severity indicators for OSA. These results suggest that PAP treatment may prevent possible lactate increase.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is characterized by apneas and hypopneas caused by repetitive airway narrowing and associated sleep fragmentation, increased sympathetic drive and intermittent hypoxia (1). Sleep-related hypoventilation and hypoxemic syndromes (SRHHS) include diseases characterized by abnormal gas exchange that occur or get worse during sleep, such as Obesity Hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) (2). Studies have demonstrated that cardiovascular mortality and morbidity increase in sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) (3,4). Reduced pyruvate, which is the end product of glycolysis through anaerobic mechanism, generates lactate. In many diseases accompanied by deep hypoxia, lactate-the end product of anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism increases and such increase is found to be in parallel with poor prognosis in some studies. Studies conducted in intensive care units have demonstrated that blood lactate measurements constitute an independent indicator of mortality (5-7). Hypoxia triggers a number of pathophysiological impairments in OSA and OHS cases as well. Again, in OSA, impaired muscle metabolism and excessively increased lactate levels during exercise have been demonstrated in previous studies (8,9).
A study conducted in our clinic found that arterial lactate levels measured with polysomnography (PSG) in the morning were higher in OSA patients compared to the non-OSA patient group. However, there is not enough data on lactate levels in SRBD patients measured after positive airway pressure (PAP) titration. For this reason, in this study we aimed to investigate arterial blood lactate change as an indicator of tissue hypoxia after PAP treatment in OSA and SRHHS patients.
Selection of Patients
This prospective study was conducted on a total of 64 patients with OSA; 49 with OSA (grouped as 1) and 15 with both OSA and OHS (grouped as 2) who were referred to the sleep outpatient clinic in our hospital over the period from 27.04.2011 to 01.10.2011. A total of 312 patients had an overnight PSG during this period in our clinic that 234 of them diagnosed as OSA. One hundred eighty two of these OSA patients had the indication for PAP treatment. The subjects who met the criteria for inclusion in the study (n=64) were also diagnosed with overnight PSG. All the participants' had indication for PAP [continuous PAP (CPAP), bi-level PAP (BPAP) and auto PAP (APAP)] treatment. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the research hospital (Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital Ethics Committee No: 279 01.09.2010). Patients included in the study completed an informed written consent form.
OSA and SRHHS diagnoses were based on the International Classification (ICSD-2) of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) (10). PAP treatment was offered to those scoring equal to or higher than 30 in the apnea hypopnea index (AHI), independent of the subjects' complaints (11). Further, subjects with documented cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, ischemic coronary disease and stroke and/or symptoms like increased daytime sleepiness, cognitive dysfunction, mood disorders, sleeplessness with AHI score between 5 and 30 per hour were also given PAP treatment (12-17).
BPAP was applied to the OSA cases with intolerance to CPAP treatment because of high nasal airflow, air leak or poor exhalation under positive pressure as well as those with a co morbidity accompanying OSA (cases with nocturnal respiratory problems such as morbid obesity or nocturnal hypoventilation) (18-22). Physicians specialized in sleep disorders have preferred APAP treatment for cases who failed treatment with fixed pressure (23,24).
All patients were evaluated according to their co morbidities such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cardiac disease, thyroid diseases, etc. Hypertensive patients were those whose blood pressure is determined to be higher than 135/85 mmHg after two independent measurements (25). Patients diagnosed with hyperlipidemia display increased levels of cholesterol and/or triglyceride in their plasma (26). Cardiac patients constitute the patient group who received treatment with arrhythmia or ischemic cardiac disorder in their medical history, and with ejection fraction higher than 50%. Finally, the group diagnosed with diabetes mellitus covers those who received antidiabetic medication (except metformin) and whose fasting glucose levels after PSG recording equals to 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) (27).
Exclusion Criteria
Patients with comorbidities that may alter lactate metabolism, such as severe renal failure, chronic hemodialysis treatment, hepatic failure, acidosis, diabetes requiring insulin, deep anemia, hemoglobinopathy, congestive cardiac failure, as well as those with chronic alcohol consumption, those receiving metformin, methyldopa, oral contraceptives, statin/3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme reductase inhibitors, acetaminophen, diclofenac, amoxicillin, amiodarone, chlorpromazine, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, fluconazole, isoniazid, ripamfin, and valproic acid, were excluded from the study. We also excluded chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients from the study.
PSG was performed with a PSG running Somnologica, version 4.0 (Embla Systems®, Broomfield, CO) and included four electroencephalography channels (C3-A1, C4-A2, O1-A2, O2-A1), right and left electrooculography channels, one chin electromyography (EMG) channel and four tibialis anterior EMG channels, finger pulse oximeter, strain gauges for thoraco-abdominal movements, one electrocardiography lead, a nasal airflow (pressure cannula), and a digital microphone for snoring detection. PSG recordings were scored in 30-second periods for sleep, breathing, and oxygenation according to the standard criteria of AASM (24). "Obstructive apneas" were defined as a complete cessation of oronasal airflow for at least 10 seconds in the presence of chest-wall motion. "Hypopneas" were defined as a reduction in respiratory airflow of 50% or more or a clear reduction in airflow related with more than 3% arterial oxygen desaturation or an arousal lasting for at least 10 seconds. The AHI was calculated as the total number of apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep. Sleep was staged manually using the standard criteria of AASM (24,25). According to ICSD-2 classification, the diagnosis of SRBD is based on PSG and includes:
- OSAS: AHI -5 per hour of sleep.
- Obesity hypoventilation syndrome:
Obese patients [body mass index (BMI) -30 kg/m2] with one of the following (10):
- SpO2 during sleep of less than 90% for more than five minutes with a minimum of at least 85%;
- More than 30% of total sleep time with an SpO2 of less than 90%;
- Sleeping arterial blood gas with PaCO2 that is abnormally high or disproportionately increased relative to levels during wakefulness.
Bi-Level Positive Airway Pressure, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Auto Positive Airway Pressure Titration
PAP titration was performed by a sleep technician at night under expiration pressure with 1 cmH2O pressure increases until the sufficient pressure was reached for all apneas, flow limitations and snoring to disappear, and under inspiration pressure with 1 cmH2O pressure increases until the sufficient pressure was reached for hypopnea, hypoxia, and hypoventilation to disappear. Manual CPAP titration was performed by a sleep technician at night with 1 cmH2O pressure increases until all apneas, hypopneas, flow limitations and snoring disappeared. We performed APAP titration with rapid eye movement sleep (REM) star Auto (Respironics, Germany). We analyzed the average pressure required through the night after BPAP, Manual CPAP and APAP titration, maximum pressure required for 90% of the night, and average mask leak data.
Arterial Blood Gas Lactate Measurement
The first 2 mL arterial blood gas sample was taken before manual PAP titration in the night in supine position while the subject is asleep and awake, and the second was taken after titration in the morning in the same position, from the radial artery via heparinized tubes. We evaluated samples immediately via Rapidlab Analyzer 860 (Bayer Health Care Systems-Siemens, USA). Laboratory reference value for lactate was 0.5-2 mmol/lt.
Overnight lactate change was calculated based on the following formula: ∆lactate=(blood gas lactate)Morning - (blood gas lactate)Night
Other Measurements
Fasting blood samples were taken in the following morning for an evaluation of biochemical parameters such as hemogram and fasting glucose, lipid profile, and thyroid function tests. Pulmonary function test (PFT) measurements were conducted with a ZAN 100, (Flow Handy, Germany) device in standing position and by using nasal clips in order to exclude COPD (28). At least three and up to five forced expiratory maneuvers were performed to obtain three technically acceptable blows. The highest forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) were recorded. We used Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) to measure daytime sleepiness and ESS >10 was defined to indicate excessive daytime sleepiness (29).
Statistical Analysis
Analyses were conducted by using SPSS 17 package software. Variables for classification were described in frequency and percentage, continuous variables in average and standard deviation or median and min-max values. Mode and frequency values were used for describing the first and second titration pressures. We tested lactate differences between groups and changes in lactate levels with median testing. In comparing average values, we used the Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples, and Wilcoxon test for dependent samples. We investigated the relationship between other parameters and lactate difference as well as change of lactate with respect to initial condition through partial correlation analysis (adjusted according to BMI). All analyses were conducted with 95% level of confidence and p<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.
Forty-nine patients diagnosed with OSA syndrome out of 64 included in the study constituted group 1, and 15 patients with OHS constituted group 2. Age and gender characteristics were found to be similar between two groups (Table 1). Average BMI value was 34.2 in group 1 and 42.2 in group 2 (p=0.001). Hypertension was the co-morbidity with the highest frequency observed in both groups (n=31, 48.4%) in which it was found to be 51% in group 1, and 40% in group 2 (Table 1).
Both groups had similar hemogram, biochemical parameters, thyroid functioning test scores and lipid profiles. When we compared the PFT parameters of both groups, average values for FEV1 in group 1 (2.6 L vs. 2.07 L, respectively, p=0.02) and FVC (3.1 L vs. 2.3 L, respectively, p=0.006) were found to be higher than group 2 on a statistically significant level. ESS average values for group 1 and group 2 were determined to be above ESS >10, which is accepted as a threshold value for daytime sleepiness (11.4 and 12.4, respectively, p>0.005).
When PSG findings were compared between the groups, in group 2, the percentage of time spent at O2 saturation under 90% (T90%) (33.7 min. vs. 120 min., respectively, p<0.001) was longer, minimum O2 saturation value (74.9% vs. 61.6%, respectively, p=0.012) was lower, and average O2 saturation value (90.3% vs. 87.1%, respectively, p=0.003) was lower (Table 2). No difference was detected between the groups in terms of REM latency and percentage, non-REM (NREM) percentage, AHI, total sleep time and sleep effectiveness (p>0.05) (Table 2).
After PAP titration, all patients displayed, on statistically significant levels, increased REM% (p<0.001), decreased NREM 1-2% (p<0.001), decreased T90% (p<0.001), increased minimum O2 saturation (from 71.8% to 85.5%, p<0.001) and average O2 saturation (from 89.6% to 94.1%, p<0.001), and decreased total AHI (p<0.001) (Table 3). Further, we detected a statistically significant increase in arterial blood gas partial oxygen pressure (PaO2) after PAP titration (from 70.6% to 78.4%, p<0.001) (Table 3).
No statistically significant difference was detected among the patients in terms of lactate levels before and after treatment [1.97 (±0.7) - 1.98 (±0.6)] (p>0.05) (Table 4). There was a negative correlation between BMI and lactate difference (Δlactate) across the entire group (r=-0.277 p=0.027). We found BMI-adjusted pre- and post-treatment lactate levels (lactate difference) of patients to be positively correlated with REM latency (r=0.37 p=0.03), positively correlated with sleep effectiveness (r=0.38, p=0.026), and negatively correlated with ESS score (r=-0.389, p=0.025). Changes in lactate levels and post-treatment AHI were inversely related on a statistically significant level (r=-0.5, p=0.003) (Table 5).
No statistically significant difference was detected between pre- (1.88±0.6) and post-treatment (1.98±0.6) lactate levels in the OSA patient group (group 1) (p>0.05). In the OSA patient group, we detected an inverse relationship between Δlactate and pre-treatment NREM 1-2% (r=-0.328, p=0.021), T90% (r=-0.356, p=0.012), and total AHI (r=-0.424, p=0.002). We found Δlactate to be positively correlated with pre-treatment average O2 saturation (r=0.396, p=0.005), and with minimum O2 saturation (r=0.361, p=0.011) in group 1. This patient group also displayed an inverse relation between post-treatment total AHI and Δlactate, which was statistically significant on a reasonable level (r=-0.320, p=0.0025). Again, we determined that the difference between pre- and post-treatment AHI (Δtotal AHI) and the lactate difference was positively correlated (r=0.394, p=0.005) (Table 6).
There was not any statistically significant difference between pre- (2.24±1.1) and post-treatment (1.98±0.6) lactate levels in patients diagnosed with OSA plus OHS (group 2) (p>0.05). This group displayed a statistically significant positive correlation between pre-treatment lactate levels and minimum pre-treatment O2 saturation, an inverse relationship between post-treatment lactate levels and post-treatment T90% (r=-0.539, p=0.038), and a statistically significant positive correlation between post-treatment lactate levels and average post-treatment O2 saturation (r=0.558, p=0.031). No statistically significant correlation was found between Δlactate and PSG parameters in this patient group (Table 7).
This study revealed no significant difference between nocturnal lactate levels and lactate levels after PAP treatment in patients diagnosed with OSA and OHS. Besides, in the OSA patient group, we found a relationship between the lactate level difference and AHI, minimum and average O2 saturation and T90%, which are indicators of disease severity. We found a statistically significant correlation between AHI difference and lactate difference measured before and after PAP treatment.
In a previous study conducted in our clinic, morning lactate levels were significantly higher in the SRBD group than the No-SRBD group (1.65 +/- 0.48 and 1.35 +/- 0.57 mmol/L, respectively) (p=0.003) (30). After an adjustment for age, gender, and BMI, lactate levels before PSG were related to the apnea-hypopnea index (β: 0.004, 95% CI: 0.000-0.008) and percentage of time spent at O2 saturation under 90% (T90%). The following morning lactate level was correlated with the T 90% (β: 0.005, 95% CI: 0.000-0.010). After an adjustment for lactate levels before PSG, lactate in the morning was correlated with T90% (β: 0.004, 95% CI: 0.000-0.008). This study revealed no statistically significant difference between night lactate before PSG and morning lactate after PSG in the SRBD patient group (30). Another recent study considered uric acid and lactate levels as indicators of hypoxia, and as a result, suggested that lactate might prove to be a better parameter than uric acid since lactate values are higher in the morning (31). Our study supported these findings. We determined a relationship between lactate difference and indicators of disease severity. Further, the fact that morning lactate levels of patients receiving treatment displayed no increase in comparison to the night levels might be related with the effectiveness of PAP treatment.
Increased lactate production and reduced excretion might be associated with intermittent hypoxia and sleep disruptions, which are the two significant outcomes of OSA. Sleep disruptions result in reduced sleep quality and NREM 3 phase (32). Sleep disruptions reduce sleep quality, together with significant decreases in NREM 3 phase and distort the oxidative metabolism by causing abnormal secretion of hormones such as catecholamine and growth hormone (33,34). Sleep disruption indicator NREM 3 is shorter in patients with sleep-related respiratory disorders (SRDs) than in healthy individuals. As defined in the literature, the time spent in the REM sleep is significantly reduced in OSA and SRHHS (32). Since all striated muscles except the diaphragm are at rest during the REM sleep, lactate production is expected to fall. High lactate levels in patients with SRD might be associated with increased sympathetic activity, sleep disruptions and/or intermittent hypoxemia. PAP treatment increases oxygenation and thus ameliorates peripheral and myocardial oxygen supply. This reduces anaerobic stress in peripheral tissues, results in lactate clearance and decreases systemic stress response. Further, CPAP treatment reduces increased sympathetic activity in the morning and at night in patients with OSA (35). Cooper et al. (36) evaluated the effect of nasal continuous PAP treatment on venous lactate in six obese patients. Although lactate levels were not different after continuous PAP treatment as compared to baseline levels, higher baseline lactate/pyruvate ratios suggested glycolytic flux during a hypoxic night. There was no significant relationship between the severity of hypoxemia and the lactate/pyruvate ratio, which may be due to the small sample size of the study. Our study also revealed no change in lactate level after PAP treatment.
Vanuxem et al. (9) reported an association between night desaturation, AHI and lactate elimination during exercise in patients with OSA. However, in contrast to Vanuxem et al. (9) data, Bonanni et al. (37) did not find any relationship between AHI and blood lactate level, and refused the role of sympathetic activity in the increased lactate production in muscles of OSA patients. Bonanni et al. (37) suggested the primary defect in the muscle oxygen metabolism through adaptation to chronic nocturnal hypoxemia as an explanation for excessive lactate production. Another study found morning plasma lactate levels to be related with AHI and T90% in the patients with OSA (31). It is known that apnea, hypopnea and hypoventilation cause chronic intermittent hypoxemia, which was compensated by increasing the rate of breathing in SRD (38). The study conducted by Ucar et al. (30) determined both night and morning lactate levels to be correlated with AHI and T90% in the SRD group with respect to the control group. In the OSA patient group, we found a relationship between the arterial lactate level differences measured before and after PAP treatment and AHI, average O2 saturation, and T90%, which are indicators of disease severity. Again, we found a statistically significant correlation between AHI difference and lactate difference measured before and after PAP treatment. In patients with OSA accompanied by OHS, we determined similar lactate levels and post-treatment lactate difference.
Studies have demonstrated that OSA poses a risk for obesity, hypertension, CHD, and DM. The prevalence of OSA is 25% in the non-obese population, and 45% in the obese population, whereas prevalence of obesity is 70% among patients with OSA (39). Güven et al. (40) assumed obesity threshold to be BMI >29 kg/m2 in a series of 67 cases, and determined 69% obesity among the cases with mild OSA, and 77% obesity in those with medium and severe OSA. Ursavaş et al. (41) assumed BMI >26 kg/m2 and found obesity ratio to be 77%. In our study, BMI average was 34.2 kg/m2 for OSA, and 42.3 kg/m2 in OSA and inattention-hyperactivity score; and BMI average were higher than 30 kg/m2 in all patient groups. Further, BMI was higher on a statistically significant level in group 2 than the group 1.
It has been shown that obese individuals display high lactate levels, which are reduced by weight loss (42). Chen et al. (43) found lactate levels to be low in low-weight individuals, high in non-diabetic individuals, and high in both diabetic and obese individuals. Most lactate production is caused by fat tissue in obese individuals (44). Reduced blood flow in fat tissue causes local hypoxia and results in increased lactate production in obese individuals. Consequently, lactate production in the fat tissue increases as the fat tissue grows due to limited oxygen diffusion (45). Our study found a negative correlation between BMI and lactate difference in patients with OSA. This finding has been detected in the other group that might be due to the limited number of sample size. In addition, we found BMI to be higher on a statistically significant level in the OSA and OHS group in comparison to the OSA group, although no statistically significant difference was detected among all groups in terms of night and morning lactate levels. In this study, a relationship was demonstrated between Δlactate level and BMI, but multiple regression analysis was conducted to control the potential confounding effect of BMI.
This study is one of the first studies to investigate lactate changes after PAP treatment in the OSA and OHS patient groups. The small sample size and cross-sectional design were the main limitations of this study, making it difficult to interpret the findings. Along with this, arterial lactate level measurement in the post-titration morning was the result of a one-night monitoring and may not be sufficient for monitoring the effectiveness of the PAP treatment. Arterial lactate levels measured during follow-ups through long-term and regular PAP treatment may prove to be more valuable.
This study has demonstrated a relationship between lactate difference, which is an indicator of tissue hypoxia and therefore an indicator of prognosis, and severity indicators (AHI, average and minimum oxygen saturation and T90%) for OSA. These results suggest that PAP treatment may prevent possible lactate increase. Further and more comprehensive studies are required on this matter.
Lactate the end product of anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism has not been investigated in OSA for monitoring the effectiveness of treatment. This paper investigates the use of arterial blood lactate change after PAP treatment in patients with OSA and SRHHS. In this study there was no significant difference among the patients in terms of lactate levels before and after PAP treatment. There was a relation between lactate difference and AHI, average and minimum oxygen saturation and percentage of time spent at O2 saturation under 90% (T90%). These results suggest that PAP treatment may prevent possible lactate increase.
Ethics Committee Approval: Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and surgery Education and Training Hospital Ethics Committee No: 279 01.09.2010, Informed Consent: It was taken.
Peer-review: Internally peer-reviewed.
Authorship Contributions
Concept: Zeynep Zeren Uçar, Design: Reyhan Gümüşburun, Zeynep Zeren Uçar, Data Collection or Processing: Özlem Egemen Tüzel, Analysis or Interpretation: Fadıl Murat Gümüşburun, Yelda Varol, Hüseyin Halilçolar, Literature Search: Özlem Egemen Tüzel, Erdem Atalay Çetinkaya, Writing: Yelda Varol.
Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.
Financial Disclosure: The authors declared that this study received no financial support.
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41. Ursavaş A, Göktaş K, Sütçigil L, et al. Obstrüktif uyku apnesi sendromu olan hastalarda obezite ve kardiyovasküler hastalıkların değerlendirilmesi. ToraksDergisi 2004;5:79-83.
42. DiGirolamo M, Newby FD, Lovejoy J. Lactate production in adipose tissue: a regulated function with extra-adipose implications. FASEB J 1992;6:2405-12.
43. Chen YD, Varasteh BB, Reaven GM. Plasma lactate concentration in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab 1993;19:348-54.
44. Hosogai N, Fukuhara A, Oshima K, Miyata Y, Tanaka S, Segawa K, Furukawa S, Tochino Y, Komuro R, Matsuda M, Shimomura I. Adipose tissue hypoxia in obesity and its impact on adipocytokine dysregulation. Diabetes 2007;56:901-11.
45. Crawford SO, Hoogeveen RC, Brancati FL, Astor BC, Ballantyne CM, Schmidt MI, Young JH. Association of blood lactate with type 2 diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Carotid MRI Study. Int J Epidemiol 2010;39:1647-55.


text:
Christmas Concert 2016
Wednesday 7th December
The Fleet Lions Christmas Concert is an annual event held on the first Wednesday in December with local choirs providing wonderful entertainment for senior citizens of Fleet and district.
The show starts with the wonderful school choir from The Grey House School, Hartley Wintney, with their conductor, Kath Cleeve. Get ready to party with our second act 'Champagne at the Blitz'. Bubbles of fun with Caroline, Jen and Sarah. Lots of red lippy and gorgeous costumes singing wartime classics and Christmas favourites.
After the halftime break the audience will be able to join in with the Elvetham Community Choir singing many well known Christmas Carols. As always, the evening is rounded off by the Fleet Lion members themselves. This year performing a homage to Dads Army.
The event is once again being held at the Church on the Heath, Elvetham Heath. Curtain up at 7:30 pm prompt.
If you would like to attend this concert, or know someone who would, please call Lion Nick Wright on 07973 289555 or email firstname.lastname@example.com with your details.
Free transport may be available in the local area.
This evening is sponsored by Anchor Homes - England's largest not-for-profit provider of housing and care for older people.

subset: commoncrawl


text: Morning all, Please excuse me if I'm posting in the wrong forum. I'm new arround here but I figure that my questions are pretty basic so I'll put it in here. I've just arrived in the States from England and all the HC terms and technologies are different and confusing for a poor simple limey such as myself. I'm looking to set up a large screen, probably plasma, home cinema that's multi region and multi standard. I've spoken to one dealer who said he only had one multi standard TV, the Toshiba 42HP83 42" plasma. He says it is pal compatible, HD and prog scan but didn't know if it'll recieve a progressive PAL signal. As I'm sure you know, there is some confusion over the PAL progressive format. So: 1) Are multi standard TVs rare here? Does anybody know where I can find a list of multi-standard TVs, a decent dealer in Boston or any help. 2) Same as above but for DVD players. I figure I need a DVD player that'll output both PAL and NTSC progressive but none of the dealers I speak to know anything about this. Where should I go for help with this. 3) Should I change tack and try and find some kind of seperate de-interlacer or line doubler, or a TV with one built in and just get a multi region player and use the interlaced signal from it? Sorry about the length of this post. Cheers, Phill


text:
Discussion in 'Off Topic' started by BabyBlues, Dec 6, 2011.
Thats very purty!!
I know. Its kinda fun
Walk? I was under the impression she ran into those situations at full speed!
Remember, it's not her fault. Trouble just finds her.
Wife is at work today so I'm scoping out the newest wine bar in our neighborhood. Really small and cute. Enjoying a glass of Barbera.
I'd love to join you, but I'm at my own wine bar at 35,000 feet. (don't worry, I'm not flying the airplane) Never tried Barbera. Good?
So how did it go yesterday? A?
Barbera is a fantastic intro into Italian wines. It's a very light bodied red, comparable to Beaujolais. Pretty jammy, high acid; a nice light red for not too warm temps. A nice article from the Times:
Thanks dread. When I hear Italian wine I hear Chianti and I haven't been too impressed with any of those. Barbera on the other hand sounds interesting and I'll have to try a glass next time I get a chance.
I have quite an eclectic range of tastes when it comes to alcohol. Beer (Chimay from Brussels or Heineken from Netherlands), red wine, (Malbec from Argentina) and scotch (Laphroaig from, well where else?)
I don't mean to sound like a snob. I still can enjoy a good cold PBR with my cheeseburger!
Oh, I love all things alcohol!
If you're able to get some Chianti Classico, pick it up. It's a touch pricier, but much deeper and richer. Loves me some Malbec as well. I'm generally more of a new world wine fan as it's bolder and more flavorful. Beer, don't get me started, it would take all day (I'm a certified BJCP judge and homebrewer). Liquor: I love it all. I just recently got into Scotch. Laphraoig is great, super smokey. When I was at my old job there was a rep from Remy Martin in with some tastings. No on in the kitchen wanted to imbibe, but I stepped up! And what did they bring? Remy Martin XO and Louis XIII! I'm generally not a cognac fan but that stuff was out of this world delicious, and so smooth. If you're looking for something new and a little out there, try some of the marcs or eau de vie from Clear Creek Distillery. Fantastic stuff.
Okay, I can see now are we going to be great friends. District of Columbia? Damn, I don't get into that neck of the woods anymore. IF I ever do get a DC layover I'll send you a PM!
On another note, have you rooted your Nook? My daughter has one and I'm dying to take it out for a spin when she comes home for summer break.
You should! We have tons of great beer bars, wine bars, and liquor haunts!
For the Nook, haha, I rooted it the second I bought it Never even signed into B&N. It's super easy and very safe as you're basically booting off the SD Card. Take it out and you're back to stock. It wasn't the best tablet I've owned, but very serviceable. Haven't updated any ROM beyond CM7, but it was fine (I've heard things get a bunch better if you OC, but never did it). I would assume you're talking about the Color as it's what I have. I've heard but not sure, they've locked down the Tablet pretty hard.
Yes she has the color Nook. She's already given me her blessing to root it. I'm still more tech savvy tech than my teenage kids. For now anyway, I think my 15 year old may eventually surpass me.
My son's been accepted to Computer Information Technology school and the VA is paying for it!
Something tells me he won't need my help rooting much longer: in fact, he'll probably end up helping ME in the future so I know how you feel.
Does anyone want to take a SWAG if those Google glasses will be adaptable to trifocal lenses? Some of us old farts need more vision correction than augmented reality can provide
My first production using Nexus!
Sunset in time-lapse - YouTube
Let me know what you think...
Mmmmm malbec. Beer I'm a light weight. Don't like a heavy taste for the most part. Riesling, ice wines and Moscato are favorites. And Ruby port.
So I ran for the first time with the endomondo app, come to find my training route is not a full 5k but a half mile short. That explains why my performance was worst than I thought it would be. Oh well.
But you still did it which is a great accomplishment!
Well Done, Antimony! I don't even like DRIVING 4-1/2 miles... let alone RUNNING it! You're an inspirational Gnexer
Hey, im 16, and my parents are getting me the galaxy nexus. The problems i've heard with the stock software don't bother me since I'll be putting a custom rom and maybe a custom radio on it. So would the G-Nex be a good choise?
Well IMHO the G Nexus is the best phone available today.
Very nice Chief!
+1 for me too!
It is the best choice out there in my humble opinion as well. Great screen, ICS, and stability like I have never seen in Android. I use AOKP ROM and LeanKernel. Enjoy it when you get it and unlock it right out of the box because that will wipe your phone completely, ALL PARTITIONS.
Chief, that's a great video! All you need to do is add some music.
Morning everyone! Happy Easter.
Happy Easter everyone!
And Happy Passover (sorry its a day late)!


text:
Christianbook.com Web Design
As an in-house designer, a lot of my experience has been working within a pre-established web design framework, which is why 2013 was an awesome year to be a web designer at Christianbook. I lead a team of five designers in totally re-imagining the look & feel of major site components: main navigation, homepage, product detail pages and store/category pages. The redesigned elements bring the company's look into the present day and provides much-needed longevity.
Client: Christianbook.com
Additional Credits: Christianbook.com Web Design Team
Christianbook.com Homepage & Navigation
The previous version of the homepage was packed with information. Unfortunately, not all of it was very useful. The directive for the redesign was to cut through the clutter, focus on promotions and products that the customer would be interested in.
Product Detail Page
The main objective of this redesign was to greatly increase the size of the main product image. As a bonus, I reorganized the main product details text and action button areas for improved hierarchy. Styles also got a visual upgrade throughout. The second slide below shows the detail page "before" image.
Store/Category Pages
Since a group of editors maintain these pages, a redesign meant an overhaul of the CMS with which they were accustomed. The updated system uses responsive "widgets" that editors can pick from to build pages that will better serve their category. Though the Christianbook website isn't currently responsive, these widgets are prepared for that transition, and are already seeing use on the current mobile site.
To see these systems in their entirety, visit Christianbook.com.


text:
This BOSS bikini for girls is made in a stretchy fabric blend and comprises a triangular top with an adjustable halterneck and matching swim shorts with a high-cut leg. This 2-piece catches the eye with its plain-coloured design that is complemented with contrasting piping. Perfect for going to the pool or the next beach holiday.
Material and Care
Material information: 80% Polyamid, 20% Elastane
Regular fit
Clip fastening at the back, elastic waistband
Clip fastening at the back, elastic waistband


text:
Students are able to reuse video Notes.
- In the HTML Editor click the Insert Stuff icon.
- Click Video Note Search.
- Enter your search terms in the Search Notes field, then click Search. You can also perform a blank search to see all search results.
- Select the video you want to insert and click Next.
- You can preview the video note before you insert it.
- Click Insert.


text: Environmental Niche Overlap between Common and Dusky Dolphins in North Patagonia, ArgentinaGuillermo Martín Svendsen, María Alejandra Romero, +5 authors Claude Wicker-ThomasPloS one2015Research on the ecology of sympatric dolphins has increased worldwide in recent decades. However, many dolphin associations such as that between common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) and dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) are poorly understood. The present study was conducted in the San Matías Gulf (SMG) ecosystem (North Patagonia, Argentina) where a… (More)


text:
Oxford Hub
What's On
What's On
LinkAges helps students engage with older people in the Oxford community and the issues facing an ageing population
1-2 hours a week throughout the academic year
Around Oxford City
Find out more »
Impact Labs
Learn about impact measurement, and apply your skills to the benefit of local charities.
Applications for Michaelmas term close 15th of October 2017
16-17 Turl Street
Find out more »
Schools Plus
Schools Plus helps school pupils to achieve their academic potential by matching them with university student tutors.
1-2 hours a week, throughout the year
One of our 14 partner schools across Oxford
Find out more »
Branch Up
Branch Up aims to provide disadvantaged children in the Oxford area with extracurricular opportunities.
Activity days happen three Saturdays per term
A variety of locations around Oxford
Find out more »
Code Club
Broaden the horizons of local children by teaching them to code, volunteer weekly with Oxford Hub's Code Club.
Various days, 3:30- 4:30pm
Various locations around Oxford
Find out more »
Empower is a mentoring programme for disengaged young people in Rose Hill, Oxford
Thursday 2nd November (6-7:30pm), for 5 weeks
Rose Hill Community Centre
Find out more »
Project Soup
Project Soup is a series of dinners bringing the community together to have fun, tackle food waste and raise awareness of and funds for local projects
One event per term
East Oxford Community Centre
Find out more »
OxCo-op makes ethical food accessible and affordable in the Oxford community
Every Friday afternoon of term, 3:30-5:30PM
In the Oxford Hub, above Turl St Kitchen
Find out more »
Forest Schools
Forest Schools give children the chance to develop through fun hands-on learning outdoors
1-2 hours per week
Local Primary School
Find out more »
Language Exchange
The Language Exchange connects recent Arabic migrants whose native language is not English with English-speaking members of the community who want to learn or improve their Arabic language skills
Find out more »
Social Enterprise Support Programme
Receive funding and support to start your own social enterprise in Oxford.
Applications for Michaelmas term close 19th November
16-17 Turl Street
Find out more »
FELLOW offers free English lessons to overseas workers in an informal environment
1-2 hours a week during term time
St Michael's Church, Oxford Turl Street Kitchen
Find out more »
Teach Green
Teach Green teach primary school children about environmental issues.
Lessons run every week
Local primary schools
Find out more »
Young Trustees Programme
Gain experience through a 12 month placement on the trustee board of a local charity.
Applications close 5th of November 2017
16-17 Turl Street
Find out more »
The Coffee Run
Get involved with an innovative new environmental project! The Coffee Run reuses "waste" coffee grounds from Oxford cafes, transporting them Deliveroo-style to be used as fertiliser in local allotments ☕ 🚴 🌱
Sign up to get involved with a weekly "run" during term time
Turl Street Kitchen to various allotments around Oxford
Find out more »
Oxford Homeless Action Group
The Oxford Homeless Action Group works to link the talents and concerns of students with the community services for the homeless who need their support
1-3 hours a week during term time
Around Oxford city
Find out more »
Good Neighbours
Only got an hour to spare? Want to try something different? Get involved with one of our "microvolunteering" opportunities!
Flexible times
Various locations in Oxford
Find out more »
Partner with Oxford Hub
Are you a local organisation? Find out more about opportunities to collaborate with us...
All year
Find out more »
Strategic Partner
Strategic Partner
Strategic Partner
Strategic Partner
© Oxford Hub is a branch of Student Hubs, a registered charity in England and Wales, number 1122328.


text:
Sunday March 15th, 2015
The exercise:
Write about: the treasure.
Because, somehow or another, I've yet to use that as a prompt.
Also: I managed to finish going through the boxes of my old stuff that were waiting for me in the garage and in the computer/office room. I really didn't think I'd have the time to sort through everything, but I got there. Definitely had trouble putting more than a few items into the discard pile, but I just kept reminding myself that no matter how nice it would be to keep certain items... they'd just end up back in a box or on a shelf, forgotten or ignored.
I picked out a bag's worth of stuff (my own limit) to bring back with us. It's mostly things for Max, but I did find a couple items that should come in handy for me in Osoyoos. I'm also leaving behind three bins worth of things that I'm getting my parents to continue to store for me.
If you think that's a lot, please be aware that there were something like ten or eleven boxes when I started.
Anyway. We're catching the ferry back to Vancouver tomorrow, where we'll be splurging on a hotel for the night before finishing the drive home to Osoyoos on Tuesday.
Not particularly looking forward to Max having to part ways with Nana and Pop in the morning.
Crap. Garbage. Garbage. Crap. What the... oh.
Why would I even keep this in the first place? It should have been tossed in the trash twenty years ago.
Twenty years. God, that's more than half my life.
Nope. Not going down that road, thank you very much. Keep on target. Keep... on... target.
Crap. Garbage. Can't possibly still work. Probably never did. Crap. Ugh, embarrassing. Where's the paper shredder again?
There, that's a satisfying sound, isn't it? Now, where was I? Oh. Right.
Garbage. Garbage. Garbage. Gar... wait, what's this? Oh, man. I played with this little car so much when I was a kid. Just utterly loved the colors. Always ran so smooth. I can't believe it's still in such good shape.
That's one for the keeper pile - Max will get it after we're back home. It'll be so neat to see him playing with it.
Crap. Garbage. Crap. Garbage. Crap...


text: \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHOUSTON — A Harris County man is suing electrical and consulting companies, alleging their negligence led to injuries to the plaintiff.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEgipto Noel Mendoza filed a lawsuit Aug. 3 in Harris County District Court against \n\nC\u0026amp;P Electrical Systems LLC and American Trades Contracting \u0026amp; Consulting LLC, \n\nalleging negligence in failing to provide a safe place to work.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAccording to the complaint, on June 14, 2014, Mendoza was performing electrical works for the defendants near Interstate Highway 10 and Highway 6 . The suit says he was injured when a C\u0026amp;P employee hit him with the back end of the backhoe loader. The incident caused Mendoza to to sustain medical care and expenses, pain and suffering, loss of earning capacity, mental anguish and disfigurement, the lawsuit states.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe plaintiff alleges the defendants negligently hired an heavy equipment operator and failed to properly train and supervise the operator.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMendoza seeks a trial by jury, monetary relief up to $1 million, pre- and post-judgment interest, attorney fees and legal costs, plus all relief to which he is entitled. He is represented by attorney Roy J. Elizondo of The Elizondo Law Firm PLLC in Houston.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eHarris County District Court Case number 2016-51313\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e


text:
The ramblings of a developer
We know how unhappy Spam can make you. Viruses, phishing, and identity scams are a constant distraction and concern for everyone. It's only getting worse too.
Today, I am happy to finally annouce our newest service at Chillidog Hosting to help you eliminate spam from your inbox.Read more.
We launched free SSL certificates to some pretty rave reviews. How can we make free SSL certificates even better? How about free automatic SSL certificates?Read more.
It's long overdue, but I thought I'd share some great news with the RapidWeaver community. Chillidog Hosting was the first to offer RapidWeaver users 100% SSD based hosting. Now, we are back with some more great news. As part of our recent server upgrades, all Chillidog users now enjoy 3 big new features, 2 of which are firsts for the RapidWeaver community.Read more.


text:
RESIDENTIAL Landscape maintenance
Natural swimming pools
ponds & water gardens
Nothing enhances your home's curb appeal more than a beautiful landscape. We work closely with you to transform your outdoor property into an extension of your living area.
No chlorine or any other chemicals used to keep your pool healthy & pure. Pool water goes through a natural filtration process. Beneficial bacteria and microorganisms, in conjunction with aquatic plants rooted in gravel and rocks, filter water in an adjacent pool, known as a "regeneration" zone. Then, it's pumped back clean to the swimming pool, so it can be safe for swimming.
There is no better way to reflect your personality than with the natural serenity of a water feature. We can design your aquatic paradise to complement your individual property features.
We pride our masonry services as artistic. We pay careful attention to every detail. Your new stonework will stand up to the brutal climates of the northeast and the test of time.
Our philosophy regarding customer service is to provide the most pleasant experience for the client from initial contact to project completion.
In 20 years, we have seen almost all of it! But we are always eager to take on new and innovative projects.


text:
I just had to put this up. It's all shades of deep.
For the full transcript Click Here
I just had to put this up. It's all shades of deep.
For the full transcript Click Here
0:11 What you have here is an electronic cigarette. It's something that's, since it was invented a year or two ago, has given me untold happiness. (Laughter) A little bit of it, I think, is the nicotine, but there's something much bigger than that. Which is ever since, in the U.K., they banned smoking in public places, I've never enjoyed a drinks party ever again. (Laughter) And the reason, I only worked out just the other day, which is when you go to a drinks party and you stand up and you hold a glass of red wine and you talk endlessly to people, you don't actually want to spend all the time talking. It's really, really tiring. Sometimes you just want to stand there silently, alone with your thoughts. Sometimes you just want to stand in the corner and stare out of the window. Now the problem is, when you can't smoke, if you stand and stare out of the window on your own, you're an antisocial, friendless idiot. (Laughter) If you stand and stare out of the window on your own with a cigarette, you're a fucking philosopher. (Laughter) (Applause)
1:24 So the power of re-framing things cannot be overstated.What we have is exactly the same thing, the same activity,but one of them makes you feel great and the other one, with just a small change of posture,makes you feel terrible.And I think one of the problems with classical economics is it's absolutely preoccupied with reality.And reality isn't a particularly good guide to human happiness.Why, for example,are pensioners much happier than the young unemployed?Both of them, after all, are in exactly the same stage of life.You both have too much time on your hands and not much money.But pensioners are reportedly very, very happy,whereas the unemployed are extraordinarily unhappy and depressed.The reason, I think, is that the pensioners believe they've chosen to be pensioners,whereas the young unemployed feel it's been thrust upon them.
I stumbled upon this just this week and was all shades of touched. I enjoy self-improvement and personal development, but I love it even more when the writer draws from their own personal experiences.
So here it is; J.K Rowling's Commencement Speech at Harvard in 2008
Text as delivered.
President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, proud parents, and, above all, graduates.
The first thing I would like to say is 'thank you.' Not only has Harvard given me an extraordinary honour, but the weeks of fear and nausea I have endured at the thought of giving this commencement address have made me lose weight. A win-win situation! Now all I have to do is take deep breaths, squint at the red banners and convince myself that I am at the world's largest Gryffindor reunion.
Delivering a commencement address is a great responsibility; or so I thought until I cast my mind back to my own graduation. The commencement speaker that day was the distinguished British philosopher Baroness Mary Warnock. Reflecting on her speech has helped me enormously in writing this one, because it turns out that I can't remember a single word she said. This liberating discovery enables me to proceed without any fear that I might inadvertently influence you to abandon promising careers in business, the law or politics for the giddy delights of becoming a gay wizard.
Please, continue reading
Today, I am putting up my top 5 albums of the year. I am only going to do so for albums released in 2013/2014. Yes, I am adding 2013 because some albums were just too good that I listened to it into this year and they were better than some 2014 albums.
Before I put it up, I would like to say that I grew up a hardcore hip-hop fanboy. Jay Z, Nas, Dr Dre, Public Enemy, Rakim, Ice cube, The Eastsidaz, Outkast, T.I, Drake, and co; I didn't even want to listen to pop and rock albums. Well, 3 albums changed my mind; Kelly Clarkson's "Break Away (still my best album ever)", Miley Cyrus' 'Can't be Tamed" and Kate Voegele "A Fine Mess". Since then, I've always been open to given pop & rock artist a chance to woo me over and some of them have succeeded. I was recently organizing my phone's playlist and I realized that I have more pop/rock than hip-hop songs, a ratio of about 5:1. So these are my albums of the year which I will try to rank;
I still maintain that Ed Sheeran looks like a dork, and I don't mean that as a bad thing, I am only stating it matter of fact. That being said X was a good album for me, maybe not better than + but since 2014 was not used to discover new music, I have to pick this. It had good melodious songs like Sing (with Pharell Williams) and I'm a mess.
Rating: ♠♠♠
Fav Song(s); Thinking out Loud, I'm a Mess
The first 2013 album to be on my list, mainly because it was released 18 days before the year ended so it fell into 2014 for me. I remember the day this album came out, I was on twitter that morning and all everyone was talking about was Beyonce this, Beyonce that. It was as if Queen Bey (this is the only time you will ever hear me call her that) dropped a nuclear bomb on U.S soil which is what she did, figuratively speaking. What made it talked about globally was that there was no single released before the album, she didn't try to force any song down our ears. She just dropped the whole shit once like, "here, take your pick"
Rating: ♠♠♠¤
Fav song(s): Drunk in Love ft Jay Z, XO, Flawless (I know I'm a guy but the hook is just so damn catchy "I woke up like this!!!!!!!!!!!"
The only Nigeria artist whose songs are on my phone (I think so), PC and all devices that I own; the only Nigerian artist that I can listen to without my brain feeling like It's splitting in 2 with all their kicks and snares and bass drums. The album is melodious and even has a few catchy songs like "Satan be Gone", songs that all the mushy people out there can relate to; like "How did love find me?" and extremely conscious music like 'Bed of Stone". This would have been my album of the year if I had not listened to or downloaded the next 3 artist on my list.
Rating: ♠♠♠♠
Fav Song(s): Bed of Stones, The One That Never Comes, Grateful.
This is probably my most relatable hip-hop album since Jay Z's "The Black Album". I almost didn't get this album as I wanted to wait till next year, and honestly, it would have been my only regret of 2014 if I had waited. Right from the first full track, January 28th to the "Love Yourz", I felt like I was the story teller, like I could actually see the world through his eyes. In a way, it was what he wanted. This kind of rap, story-telling, is becoming rarer as the years go by with so many artists conforming trying to appropraite hiphop culture. Anybody could actually find some piece of relatable perspective in the album.
Rating: ♠♠♠♠
Fav Song(s): January 28th, G.O.M.D, A Tale of Two Citiez, Adolescence.
released September 16, 2013.
My best/greatest Indie folk artist of all time (sorry Kate Voegele and Ed Sheeran) and she is only 18 with just 2 albums to her name. Yet I love her beyond words. That voice, damn, with the instrumentals backing her up especially the keyboard (the way she strings together the keys in some of her ballads). There are no words to describe this album. No words.
Rating: ♠♠♠♠♠
Fav Song(s): Wings, No Angel (Best Song ever) , All you never Say, Heart of Gold, Standing In The Way of The Light, Strange Birds.
released May 26, 2014.
I was in a relationship for most of the year (single now, ladies take note) but most times it felt like I was alone in that relationship. And this album helped me get through that time. The songs were just so powerful that you could feel the raw emotion dripping from the words, like you could also feel Sam's pain as you listen along. This is an album of unrequited love and that alone makes it my album of the year. But whether your love is being given back or not, this album will move you.
Rating: ♠♠♠♠♠
Fav Song(s): Lay Me Down, Stay with Me, I'm Not The Only One. La La La, Latch, Not in That Way, Make It To Me
I love reading quotes on Goodreads. Mainly because it gives me snippets of an author's words so I know which to get or read. But also because the quotes sometimes carry deeper meanings which are relatable.
So I decided to round up 14 humor quotes which look funny when read at first glance, but on deeper reflection has some truth to it.
Remember, it's all about perspective.
So without much fuss, here are the 14;
A word to the wise ain't necessary, it's the stupid ones who need advice."
Bill Cosby
"Never put off till tomorrow what may be done day after tomorrow just as well".
Mark Twain
"Women and cats will do as they please, and men and dogs should relax and get used to the idea."
Robert A. Heinlein
"When you are courting a nice girl an hour seems like a second. When you sit on a red-hot cinder a second seems like an hour. That's relativity."
Albert Einstein
"Some humans would do anything to see if it was possible to do it. If you put a large switch in some cave somewhere, with a sign on it saying 'End-of-the-World Switch. PLEASE DO NOT TOUCH', the paint wouldn't even have time to dry."
Terry Pratchett
"If at first you don't succeed, try, try again. Then quit. No use being a damn fool about it."
W.C. Fields
"Even if you are on the right track, you'll get run over if you just sit there."
Will Rogers
"Learn from the mistakes of others. You can never live long enough to make them all yourself."
Groucho Marx
"Confidence is ignorance. If you're feeling cocky, it's because there's something you don't know."
Eoin Colfer
"The easy confidence with which I know another man's religion is folly teaches me to suspect that my own is also."
Mark Twain
"Never underestimate the power of stupid people in large groups."
George Carlin
"A banker is a fellow who lends you his umbrella when the sun is shining, but wants it back the minute it begins to rain."
Mark Twain
"Humanity takes itself too seriously. It is the world's original sin. If the cave-man had known how to laugh, History would have been different."
Oscar Wilde
"April 1. This is the day upon which we are reminded of what we are on the other three hundred and sixty-four."
Mark Twain
I saw this on Goodreads so I edited it to my liking.
It is a categorical grouping of my books. I am not going to list which books fall under which category because some books get more than one category.
Books I haven't read.
Books I need not read
Books I have for purposes other than reading
Books I mean to read but there are others I must read first
Books that everybody's read so it's as if I have read them too
Books I've been planning to read for ages
Books I have been hunting for years without success
Books dealing with something I am working on at the moment
Books I own so they'll be handy just in case
Books I need to go with other books on your shelves
Books that fill me with sudden, inexplicable curiosity, not easily justified
Books read long ago which it's now time to re-read
Books I've always pretended to have read and now it's time to sit down and really read them"
A little something to inspire you all. These are the best of quotes that inspires and motivates me to want to be better.
I hope it does the same to you
1. We have to dare to be ourselves, however frightening or strange that self may prove to be.
Stumbled on this quote late 2011 and it has kinda been my mantra ever since.
2. In three words, I can sum up everything I've learned about life; IT GOES ON.
3. Nothing of me is original. I am the combined efforts of everyone I've ever known.
4. It is not the strongest of species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is most adaptable.
5. We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful what we pretend to be.
6. What's meant to be will always find a way.
7. It's not the load that breaks you down, it's the way you carry it.
8. Pain is temporary, Quitting lasts forever.
9. If you don't look at the big picture, you'll get lost in the details.
10. What is inner peace but a deeply held belief that your current situation is exactly as it should be.
11. If you don't stand for something, you will fall for everything.
12. Life is not fair, get used to it.
13. You can't get ahead of others if you are trying to get even with them.
14. The best revenge is to be successful, It's to stay strong and move forward in life, Never stopping, never giving up, never take a step back.
15. Don't be afraid of death, be afraid of an unlived life. You don't have to live forever, you just have to live.
16. Don't part with your illusions, for when they are gone, you may still exist but you have ceased to live.
17. The essence of strategy is choosing what not to do.
18. What is hardest to accept about the passage of time is that the people who once mattered the most to us wind up in parentheses.
19. You have power over your mind – not outside events. Realise this and you will find strength.
20. Always remember, your focus determines your reality.
21. There's room at the top but never enough to sit down.
22. All problems resolve themselves, given time.
23. You can't get to the top climbing over the dead bodies of your friends.
24. Never worry about tomorrow, tomorrow you might inherit a million dollars or be run over by a truck. Or inherit a million dollars and be run over by a truck.
And an extra one;
*** The world belong to the patient man.
Girly girl's journey to self-discovery
what's next on the list?
By Shalom Oforji
It's time to be inspired, become encouraged, and get uplifted!
The Young Adult's guilty pleasure...
Musings, Mutterings and Prayers of the chronically undefineable
by Pearl Osibu
The Art and Craft of Blogging
Everything and everyone has a story. Tell them.
Be Somebody
*Fingers crossed* It can only get better
real-life beauty & style.
There is no off position on the genius switch
A blog about a busy stay at home Mum of four, with too many dresses and not enough wine!


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How To Backup D Drive In Windows 7
I tried removing the factory installed Vista hard drive to see if that way Backup and Restore wouldn't say it needs the M drive to create the image but the system using your google to find one suitable for you. Loading... Select the files and folder to include in the backup. Also notice you can select the option to create an image of your local drive. Source
Then they had me restore the HD to factory conditions. This is expected behavior. Reply T February 13, 2015 at 5:47 pm I use Areca Backup (open source), because it makes it easy to restore a single version of a file as well as a The most important thing is having several copies of your files — either on an external drive or in the cloud somewhere. this page
Backup Windows 7 To External Hard Drive
I was on chat with HP. Saved me lot of time. However I do know that I should be backing up other files. FULL plus all following INCREMENTAL datasets, until the next FULL starts the cycle again) which thus provide 90-120 days of complete "daily recovery" capability.
need to backup!! Not only do you get cheap unlimited cloud backup, but you can also use Carbonite to backup your PC to a local hard drive. September 2, 2010 wguru Now I wish someone would jump in here and explain what the default setting is for W7 Pro's backup and restore utility (regarding if a new backup Windows 8 Backup We use three (3) external drives for backup: One is in use, one is on deck, and one is off site.
but I can't. HELP ME PLEASE! I was going to do the following. 1. http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/1838/using-backup-and-restore-in-windows-7/ And for a limited time, How-To Geek readers get 2 free bonus months.
So disappointed. Backup Windows 7 Operating System Anyone know a work-around? Still bombs-unless I reboot! The interface and the graffics are great.
- now the back up is on my desktop but in my back up and restore centre windows doesn't detect any previous back-ups.
- Windows 7 is installed on an OCX Vertex SSD 30 GB drive that is the new C drive.
- At the end of the backup process, Windows will ask you if you want to create a system repair disk on a CD or DVD.
- Windows 7 looks similar but a little more full featured.
Windows 7 Backup Software
What keeps most people from preparing regular backups... You could use a direct file syncing software like Bittorrent Sync (search for peer2peer sync). Backup Windows 7 To External Hard Drive Marked as answer by Nicholas LiModerator Tuesday, July 09, 2013 4:03 AM Tuesday, June 25, 2013 9:31 PM Reply | Quote Microsoft is conducting an online survey to understand your opinion Windows Backup Windows 10 Is this somehow possible?
Customization Windows 7 Backup identifies wrong drive as a system driveThis is a silly problem to be having. this contact form I've got it pinned to an email' is there an address for the forum? It take about 18 minutes to backup 38gb of data onto a USB portable external. And it seems if I move the folder windows system image folder creates into another folder, then the program cannot find it. Windows 7 Backup Image
Select the files and folder to include in the backup. Also notice you can select the option to create an image of your local drive. use system restore from the backed up data on the HDD to restore all my data. I previously used Windows Backup when running XP on a different computer and I understand how it works. have a peek here Next you can restore them back to the original location or choose a different spot then click Restore.
Absolutely no reason not to begin using it as a regular backup drive, both for "system image" and "data". Windows 7 System Image Copyright © 2006-2017 How-To Geek, LLC All Rights Reserved


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|iPhone apps
London, UK News
Get the latest news from your city with London News!
London News scours the Internet for the best news feeds about London and compiles them for your viewing. You'll save tremendous amounts of time by not having to check multiple news sources. Plus, you can be certain that you will get the latest news as soon as it breaks!
You can also discuss the latest stories with others using the built in message board. Enjoy in depth discussions of both local and international events with others in your community!
If you want to ensure you always know what's happening in London, you need to download London News today. You won't find a better tool to help keep you up to date on the go!
Internet connection is required.
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AeroVironment Launches Integrated Commercial Information Solution; Unveils Powerfully-Simple Quantix Drone and Decision Support System for Real Time Actionable Intelligence
- The AeroVironment Quantix is a new drone that combines the vertical takeoff and landing advantages of multirotors with the range, reliability and efficiency benefits of fixed-wing aircraft
- Operators in agriculture, energy, transportation, utility and other industries can fly Quantix easily using one-touch planning and launch via a dedicated Android tablet device
- The AeroVironment Decision Support System (AV DSS(TM)) is a full service, cloud-based data analytics platform, incorporating a high level of automation plus leading research and algorithms to deliver actionable insights
At Drone World Expo – AeroVironment, Inc. (NASDAQ: AVAV), a global leader in unmanned aircraft systems for both military and commercial applications, today launched its new integrated commercial information solution featuring the innovative Quantix™ drone and Decision Support System™ (DSS). Available spring 2017, these technologies allow users to gain actionable insights that can improve operational efficiencies, minimize risk and increase profitability.
The AeroVironment Quantix drone will give businesses the same air superiority, trusted certainty and security that the company is known for as the leading drone supplier to the U.S. Department of Defense.
Global Military UAV Market Forecast to 2022
Quantix is an innovative drone featuring powerfully simple, automated flight with an operator-in-the-loop, and a unique, hybrid design that allows the aircraft to launch vertically and transition into horizontal flight, maximizing aerodynamic efficiency and range.
Operating Quantix is as simple as 1-2-3: First, to plan a mission, the operator simply traces their finger over a map displayed on the tablet controller screen to identify an area of interest. Second, the system guides the operator through a simple, automated pre-flight check to ensure a safe, reliable mission. Third, the operator simply presses the "fly" button and Quantix does the rest, including performing a detailed built-in test procedure, optimizing its flight path for maximum coverage, launching, and then landing vertically when its mission is complete after scanning hundreds of acres with its color and multispectral sensors. Quantix is designed to be the first practical commercial drone combining the advantages of vertical liftoff, for safe launch and soft landing, and horizontal flight to acquire data quickly and easily. It also includes "land now" and "return home" command safety features for complete control.
At the heart of AeroVironment's Commercial Information Solutions business is the Decision Support System. AeroVironment's DSS uses advanced research and algorithms to produce high-resolution datasets and analysis of agriculture fields and vineyards, bridges, railroad tracks, pipelines, roads and many other valuable assets. It has easy-to-use mobile interfaces with secure cloud-based data storage. Developed with proprietary algorithms, the AV DSS is the foundation for powerful data processing, integrating data streams from multiple types of sensors and data collection tools and capable of securely storing large amounts of image data for historical trend analysis.
"AeroVironment's Commercial Information Solutions business integrates remote sensing and surveying with cloud-based data analytics to help customers in multiple industries increase the efficiency of their operations," said Wahid Nawabi, AeroVironment chief executive and president. "Quantix and AV DSS provide our customers the first truly one-stop, full-service decision-support-system so they can make smarter, quicker decisions that will help increase their revenue and reduce uncertainty and risk."
Nawabi added, "Our customers told us they want to focus on running their businesses, not on becoming drone experts. That's why we designed our highly automated system from the ground up to make it easy for them to get the insights they need so they can proceed with certainty. From an easy-to-use and reliable drone, to easy-to-access analytics, customers will benefit from our industry-leading drone and sensor technologies, proven reliable by the most exacting customers in the harshest environments on the planet."
AeroVironment (Booth #401) will begin delivery of Quantix in the Spring of 2017. Visit avinc.com/CIS to stay informed with exclusive updates and see a video of the Quantix in operation. Register here to receive updates and for the opportunity to reserve your own Quantix system once pre-orders begin February 2017.
Source : AeroVironment, Inc. - view original press release
Maritime Reconnaissance and Surveillance Technology Conference
Jan 30 - 31, 2018 - Rome, Italy