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Fig. 4.1
A schematic drawing of the pleuropulmonary compartments involved in the turnover of fluid within the parietal extrapleural interstitium, the pleural space and the pulmonary interstitium. The red arrows indicate the fluid filtration across either the systemic, pulmonary endothelium or parietal mesothelium. The yellow arrow indicates the absorption of pleural fluid towards the parenchyma. The blue arrows represent the absorption of pleural and pulmonary interstitial fluid into the respective lymphatic networks
4.1 Morphology of the Parietal and Visceral Pleural Tissue
4.1.1 Mesothelial Cells
Mesothelial cells are flat, squamous-like cells approximately 1–4 μm thick (Wang 1974) with an average diameter of an estimated 25 μm. They contain few organelles, including microtubules and microfilaments, vesicles and vacuoles, a few mitochondria and poorly developed Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Cells are connected by tight junctions, adherens junctions in their apical portion (Fig. 4.2), gap junctions and desmosomes at their basal side; the luminar surface of the cells, especially on the visceral side, presents a well-developed microvilli brush (Bernaudin et al. 1991; Wang 1974, 1985). The renewal rate of mesothelial cells is very low (<0.5 % of cells undergo mitosis at any one time); however, cell proliferation greatly increases after injury to the mesothelial surface or after exposure to inflammatory agents suggesting a role for mesothelial cells in wound healing but also in serosal fibrosis and adhesion formation (Foley-Comer et al. 2002; Mutsaers et al. 2002). In spite of its apparent delicacy, mesothelial cells constitute, together with the submesothelial interstitial tissue layer, a protective barrier against mechanical insult. They also synthesise saturated (primarily dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) and unsaturated phospholipids (stearoyl linoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine typically encountered in surfactant lining the alveoli). Unsaturated phospholipids appear functionally more important in the pleural cavity than in the alveolar lining; this is likely due to their specific ability to greatly reduce the coefficient of friction between sliding surfaces compared to saturated phospholipids (Hills et al. 1982, 1992; Mills et al. 2006). Mesothelial cells synthesise hyaluronan (HA) (Wang and Lai-Fook 2000), a large molecular weight (>106 Da) glycosaminoglycan which is a typical constituent of the extracellular tissue fibre matrix and whose most distinctive properties are related to its viscoelastic behaviour. In fact, since its viscosity is inversely related to the shear rate, or the velocity gradient, it has been proposed that hyaluronan, together with graphite-like phospholipids, may play an important role in lubrication of the pleural surfaces (Andrews and Porter 1973). The cells secrete extracellular fibrous matrix macromolecules such as elastin, fibronectin, glycoproteins, proteoglycans and collagen type I, II and IV (Arai et al. 1975; Bernaudin et al. 1991; Rennard et al. 1985). Finally, mesothelial cells secrete various pro-, anti- and immunomodulatory mediators, such as chemokines, cytokines and growth factors, prostaglandins and prostacyclin, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes, thus playing an important role in the postinflammatory tissue remodelling (Mutsaers et al. 2002).
Fig. 4.2
(a) Scanning electron microscope photomicrograph of a lymphatic stoma on the tendinous pleural diaphragmatic surface (Modified from Negrini et al. (1991a, b, c)). (b) Semithin cross section of rat diaphragm showing the arrangement of the diaphragmatic lymphatic network originating from the pleural (PL) and the peritoneal (PE) surfaces. Four types of lymphatic structures may be distinguished: submesothelial lacunae (arrowhead) within the interstitial space beneath the mesothelial layer; transverse ducts (arrow) running perpendicularly to the lacunae through the muscular fibres (M); and central collectors (C), in the deep diaphragm. (c) At transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the pleural submesothelial connective tissue layer is composed of loose collagen fibres (CF) organised in bundles and contains lymphatic lacunae lined by a discontinuous endothelium (arrowheads). ME mesothelium. (d) Transverse ducts (arrow) lined by a discontinuous endothelium and central collector vessels (C) lined by a continuous endothelium. (e) Transverse lymphatic ducts with intraluminar valves (arrowheads) formed by two leaflet attached at opposite sides of the lymphatic vessel walls. (f) Primary valves (arrowheads) formed by two adjacent endothelial cells of a diaphragmatic initial lymphatic (arrow) (b, c, d, e, f modified from Grimaldi et al. (2006))
4.1.2 Subpleural Interstitial Space and Blood Supply
Mesothelial cells rest on a thin basement membrane supported by a layer of submesothelial interstitial space with a thickness of approximately 10–20 μm on the visceral pulmonary surface and 100–150 μm on the parietal side (Albertine et al. 1982, 1984; Mariassy and Wheeldon 1983). In all mammalian species, the parietal submesothelial interstitium is supplied by blood capillaries arising from the systemic circulation. In contrast, the blood supply to the visceral submesothelial interstitium may derive either from the bronchial (as in human, sheep, horse and pig) or the pulmonary (as in dog, cat and rabbit) circulation (Agostoni 1986).
4.1.3 The Pleural Lymphatic System
An important and unique feature of the parietal pleura which is not shared by the visceral mesothelium is the presence of so-called stomata (Fig. 4.2a). These are discontinuities of the parietal mesothelium and of the submesothelial interstitial space which form cylindrical-like openings creating the origin of the pleural lymphatic system (Negrini et al. 1991b; Wang 1975). Although widely spread over the diaphragmatic, costal (average density, ~100/cm2) and mediastinal parietal pleura, the greater density is encountered on the diaphragmatic surface (~8,000/cm2), where they are distributed on the tendinous and the muscular region of both the pleural and peritoneal surfaces (Negrini et al. 1991a). The stomata (the average diameter ranges from 0.5 to 20 μm) form at the confluence between the mesothelial cells of the parietal pleura and the lymphatic endothelial cells and empty into an extensive network of lymphatic submesothelial lacunae (Grimaldi et al. 2006; Negrini et al. 1992a), which is located within the interstitial space beneath the mesothelial monolayer (Fig. 4.2b). On the diaphragm, the lymphatic lacunae and the lymphatic capillaries originate directly from the interstitial tissue located amongst the skeletal muscle fibres (Fig. 4.2c) and empty into a system of transverse lymphatic ducts, which depart perpendicularly from the submesothelial lacunae and in turn connect to the deep central collecting system located in the deep interstitial space and surrounded by a continuous endothelial layer (Fig. 4.2d, e). All vessels belonging to this complex network share the same ultrastructural features typical of the so-called initial lymphatic vessels: (a) the basal lamina is discontinuous, (b) anchoring filaments of collagen 3 VII (Schmid-Schöenbein 1990) tightly and directly bond the outer surface of the lymphatic endothelial cells to the fibrous components of the extracellular tissue matrix connective tissue or to muscle fibres and (c) endothelial cells are joined by tight or overlapping junctions. The structure of the lacunae wall, delineated by a discontinuous endothelium and apparently devoid of smooth muscle cells, suggests that these structures do not possess the spontaneous vasomotion that characterises, for instance, the lymphatic mesenteric vessels (Benoit et al. 1989; Zawieja et al. 1993). Initial lymphatic vessels are equipped with two types of unidirectional valves: primary valves in the vessel wall, formed by cytoplasmic extensions of adjacent endothelial cells protruding into the capillary lumen (Fig. 4.2f); this regulates fluid and solute entrance from the interstitial space into the lymphatic lumen. In addition, the intraluminar valves, formed by a leaflet protruding from the lymphatic vessel wall (Fig. 4.2e), direct lymph through the vessel network towards the larger collecting lymphatics. The transverse lymphatic ducts and the central collecting system receive the newly formed lymph from the pleural submesothelial lacunae and from the internal and deeper interstitium and function as a collecting system for the lymph to be carried out of the diaphragm through extra-diaphragmatic collectors, mostly through the right and, to a lesser extent, the left lymphatic ducts.
The pleural lymphatic network is not limited to the diaphragm, but extends to the intercostal and to mediastinal tissues where stomata have also been described (Wang 1975). Conversely, no evidence of stomata has been reported for the visceral pleura, which is supplied by the pulmonary lymphatic network (Albertine et al. 1982; Hainis et al. 1994). Therefore, the lymphatic drainage of the pleural space and of the lung parenchyma occurs through completely independent networks.
4.2 Pleural Surface Pressure
The importance of the pleural space in terms of respiratory physiology depends on two elastic structures: the lung and the chest wall. Like all elastic structures, the lung and the chest tend to passively assume their resting volume, corresponding to the position of minimal mechanical energy. The two structures have different shapes and mechanical properties—the resting volume of the chest is much larger compared to the lung. Therefore, to attain their respective mechanical equilibrium, the chest tends to expand while the lung tends to collapse. The recoil force of the lung and the chest wall per unit pleural surface area, defined as pleural surface pressure (P pl), tends to pull apart the two structures, lowering the pressure in the pleural space (intrapleural depression). As a consequence of the effect of gravity on the lung tissue, lung recoil is not uniform, but varies with lung height: in humans, at a volume corresponding to the functional residual capacity (FRC), the average P pl is ~−6 cm H2O at the heart level and decreases by approximately 0.2 cm H2O/cm with increasing lung height (Agostoni 1972, 1986). The P pl gravity distribution is extremely important from the mechanical standpoint, in that it determines local transpulmonary pressure and regional lung expansion (Agostoni 1986; Lai Fook 2004).
4.3 Pleural Fluid Volume and Composition
The mammalian pleural space contains fluid, whose volume (V pl) decreases with body mass, ranging from ~2.5 ml/kg in rats to ~0.04 ml/kg in pigs (Miserocchi et al. 1984), and is 0.26 ml/kg in healthy human subjects (Noppen et al. 2000). The fluid is distributed on an average total pleural surface area of ~90 cm2/kg of body weight (Miserocchi and Agostoni 1971). Pleural fluid thickness is also very variable amongst different species and within the same species in various regions of the pleural space, ranging between 5 μm over the flat costal surface and 60–100 μm in fluid pools collecting at the lobar margins, at the lung base and in the diaphragmatic apposition zones (Lai-Fook and Kaplowitz 1985). The presence of freely moving fluid into the pleural space is common to all mammals, with the exception of the elephant, whose pleural space is liquid filled only in foetal life, and becomes obliterated by connective tissue at birth and remains obliterated during the animal's entire life (West 2002).
Although the ionic composition of pleural fluid mirrors that of the extracellular extravascular fluid compartment, its physiological protein concentration (C pr) is smaller compared to other interstitial spaces, varying between 2.5 g/dl in rats and 1.2 g/dl in pigs (Miserocchi et al. 1984). The normal concentration of glucose and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in pleural fluid is similar or slightly smaller (pleural fluid to serum concentration ratio ~0.9) than the corresponding serum levels (Sahn and Light 1989). However, these parameters usually increase during inflammation when, associated to decreased pleural fluid pH, they are considered as some of the most important clinical indicators to distinguish between transudative and exudative pleural effusions (Joseph et al. 2001; Sahn and Light 1989).
The pleural fluid also contains saturated and unsaturated phospholipids and hyaluronan, derived from mesothelial cells. While significant levels of HA are found in lung tissue and in the mesothelial microvilli layer (Fraser and Laurent 1996), the normal pleural fluid hyaluronan content (~0.7 μg/ml) (Allen et al. 1992) is not considered significant to contribute to the lubrication of the mesothelial layer. HA dramatically increases in malignant pleural effusions (Thylén et al. 2001) and indeed is a significant prognostic value in malignant mesothelioma. Various cell types, such as detached mesothelial cells, lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages, are dispersed in the normal pleural fluid at a concentration of 1,500–2,500 cells/mm3 (Miserocchi and Agostoni 1971; Noppen et al. 2000). However, the concentration and type of cells in pleural fluid does change in several mesothelial and pulmonary pathologies, offering important prognostic tool to differentiate between the various diseases.
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4.4 Pleural Fluid Turnover
A direct consequence of the mechanical arrangement of the lung and chest wall and of the existence of the intrapleural depression is that fluid is continuously driven across the mesothelium into the pleural space (see Sect. 4.3); this could potentially lead to a progressive accumulation of pleural fluid and to lung collapse. Therefore, in order to maintain the tight mechanical lung–chest wall coupling, pleural fluid must be continuously removed from the pleural space.
In normal conditions, filtration and corresponding removal of pleural liquid would amount to 0.02–0.09 ml/(h kg body weight) (Miniati et al. 1988; Negrini et al. 1985). Pleural fluid production and its subsequent removal from the pleural space occur through different mechanisms involving not only the pleural mesothelial lining but also in the other compartments schematized in Fig. 4.1.
4.4.1 Filtration of Fluid into the Pleural Space
Fluid and soluble solutes may cross biological barriers, such as the capillary endothelium or the mesothelial layer, through either paracellular pathways between adjacent cells or through vesicular transport (transcytosis) across the cell itself.
188.8.131.52 The Paracellular Transport
Paracellular transport is a passive passage of water and hydrophilic solutes through the intercellular clefts between adjacent cells. The fluid bulk flow (J v) between any two compartments a and b is set by the hydraulic (P) and colloid osmotic (π) pressure differences across the membrane as described by Starling's law:
where L p is the hydraulic conductivity of the membrane, A m is the surface area, σ the reflection coefficient of the membrane to plasma proteins and ΔP the net transmembrane pressure gradient.
This equation was derived (Curry and Frøkjaer-Jensen 1984) by viewing the transmembrane fluid fluxes as viscous laminar flows through n parallel intercellular pores of equal radius (r) and length (l), where
A p and η are the total area of pores and fluid viscosity, respectively, and σ is a pure number (0 < σ < 1) which in turn depends on the ratio of the radius of a given solute to the radius of the intercellular porous and provides an index of the capability of the solute to cross the intercellular porosity of the membrane. Ions and smallest solutes (σ → 0) freely cross the endothelial clefts and equilibrate across both the vascular endothelium and the mesothelium, without providing any osmotic contribution to fluid flux. Vice versa, large molecular weight plasma proteins are restricted in their movement across either the capillary endothelium (σ ~ 0.8) or mesothelium (σ ~ 0.2–0.4) (Negrini et al. 1990, 1991c), generating a colloid osmotic pressure gradient across any two membranes.
A very important parameter appearing in Eq. 4.1 is the hydraulic pressure in compartments a and b or, when examining pleural fluid exchange, in pleuropulmonary compartments described in Fig. 4.1.
Pleural liquid pressure (P liq) has been extensively measured through fluid-filled cannulae and/or micropipettes inserted in various regions of the intact pleural space and at various lung heights in experimental animals (Miserocchi and Agostoni 1980; Miserocchi et al. 1981; Miserocchi et al. 1988). In all pleural regions (costal, diaphragmatic and mediastinal) and at any lung height, P liq is lower than P pl—both at end-expiration (Fig. 4.3a) and at end-inspiration (Fig. 4.3b). This indicates that the mechanism providing pleural fluid removal from the pleural space is capable to decrease the intrapleural pressure below the values set by lung recoil. In addition, because of the significant pressure variability encountered within the space, pleural fluid continuously flows from the costal to the extracostal (diaphragmatic and mediastinal) regions and within each region in a gravity-dependent fashion (Fig. 4.4b). Extensive measurements performed in experimental animals have shown that the pressures in the interstitial space below the parietal mesothelium (parietal extrapleural interstitial pressure, P epl) and the visceral mesothelium (pulmonary interstitial pressure, P pi) are also subatmospheric at any lung height (Fig. 4.3a). In particular, P pi is always more subatmospheric than P liq, approximately −10 cm H2O at heart level and FRC and −22 cm H2O at end-inspiration (Miserocchi et al. 1990, 1991). According to Eq. 4.1, the flow direction across a membrane is set by ΔP direction: therefore, from the hydraulic (Miserocchi et al. 1984; Negrini et al. 1993; Negrini and Miserocchi 1989) and colloid osmotic (Negrini et al. 2001) pressure values measured in the pleuropulmonary compartments, we may calculate ΔP across the mesothelial and endothelial membranes (Fig. 4.1). Data indicates that fluid filtration into the pleural space depends upon fluid transfer from the systemic capillaries into the parietal extrapleural interstitial space and from the latter into the pleural space through the parietal mesothelium (Figs. 4.1 and 4.4a). As clearly indicated by Eq. 4.1, the absolute pleural filtration flow per unit surface area is modulated by the L p of the filtering membranes. In spite of what is commonly reported in studies performed on oedematous or isolated lungs, or on stripped parietal or visceral pleura which suggests that both pleural mesothelia are very permeable to water and even proteins, the L p of the normal, in situ parietal pleura is relatively low (Negrini et al. 1990, 1991c, 1994) and comparable to that of the endothelium of the systemic capillaries of skeletal muscles (Rippe and Haraldsson 1994; Taylor and Parker 1985). The molecular sieve and the viscous flow resistance of the passive paracellular pathway are likely provided by the fibrous interstitial matrix in the intercellular cleft and by the endothelial cell glycocalyx (Adamson and Michel 1993). The complexity of junctional strands accounts for the fact that less than 10 % of the cell-to-cell contact area is available for microvascular transport and this represents less than 0.04 % of the total capillary surface area (Michel and Curry 1999). At variance with what is observed for the parietal pleura, in normal conditions, the lung parenchyma does not participate to the formation of pleural fluid.
Fig. 4.3
(a) The hydraulic pressures in the costal region of the pleural space (P liq, Miserocchi et al. 1983) and in the parietal extrapleural (P epl, Negrini et al. 1987) and pulmonary (P pi Miserocchi et al. 1993) interstitial spaces as a function of lung height in supine anaesthetised rabbits and at end-expiratory lung volume (FRC). The pleural surface pressure, an index of region lung recoil, is also reported for comparison (dotted line, Agostoni 1986). (b) The costal, mediastinal and diaphragmatic P liq values at the end-expiratory (dashes lines) and end-inspiratory (continuous lines) lung volumes (Miserocchi et al. 1981)
Fig. 4.4
(a) The sites of preferential pleural fluid filtration through the parietal mesothelium. (b) The top to bottom and costal to extracostal intrapleural flow direction. (c) The sites of preferential removal of pleural fluid into the costal, mediastinal and diaphragmatic pleural lymphatic system
126.96.36.199 Transcytosis
Transcytosis is an energy-dependent process consisting of the transport of water and solutes across the plasmalemma and cytoplasm through small grouped vesicles called caveolae (Bruns and Palade 1968). Transcytosis may consist of endocytosis of a small quantity of fluid followed by transcellular transport or may require recognition of the target macromolecule at the membrane surface through a receptor-mediated mechanism. In the pulmonary endothelium, transcytosis has been described in the transport of albumin, fatty acids and hormones (Schnitzer and Oh 1996; Schnitzer et al. 1995). The process is completely independent upon pressure gradients; therefore, transcytosis might, in principle at least, provide fluid movements either from the extrapleural interstitial space of both the parietal and visceral pleura into the pleural space, thus contributing to fluid filtration, or in the opposite direction, contributing to pleural fluid removal from the pleural space into the adjacent visceral and parietal interstitial space. Data obtained from stripped isolated pleura or isolated pericardium (Bodega et al. 2002) estimates that transcytosis would contribute to approximately 5 % of the interstitial-to-pleural fluid exchange across both mesothelial layers (Agostoni and Zocchi 2007).
4.4.2 Removal of Fluid from the Pleural Space
While pleural fluid production almost completely depends upon passive transmembrane transport across the parietal pleura (Sect. 4.1), fluid egress from the pleural cavity may take place, in normal conditions, through a number of different pathways. These include drainage into the pleural lymphatic system, passive transmesothelial flow, solute-coupled intracellular fluid absorption, intracellular transport through aquaporins and transcytosis.
126.96.36.199 Pleural Lymphatic Drainage
Liquid and solutes enter the pleural lymphatic system through the stomata (Fig. 4.2a) which, as previously discussed, are disseminated throughout the costal, mediastinal and diaphragmatic parietal pleura. While the general principles of lymph formation and accumulation are common to all tissues supplied by the lymphatic system (i.e. all body tissues except the cerebral interstitium and renal medulla), however, stomata are typical of the pleural and peritoneal parietal mesothelia. Entrance of fluid and solutes into the stomata occurs along hydraulic pressure gradients (ΔP lymph-net) between the pleural space and the lumen of submesothelial lymphatic lacunae when intraluminar lymphatic pressure (P lymph) drops below P liq, as described by the equation
where J lymph and K lymph represents pleural lymph flow and lymphatic conductance, respectively.
The existence, in initial lymphatics, of a lower pressure regime compared to the surrounding compartment is the necessary prerequisite for lymphatic drainage to take place. In non-thoracic tissues, like the mesentery, lymph formation and propulsion is sustained by spontaneous cyclic contractions of a well-organised layer of smooth muscle cells surrounding the lymphatic endothelium (Aukland and Reed 1993). Contractions of the walls of adjacent lymphatic segments, in association with the synchronised opening/closure of the unidirectional leaflets in the lymphatic vessel wall and in the lumen (Bridenbaugh et al. 2003), allow both lymph formation and its subsequent propulsion out of the tissue and towards the venous system. This circumferential support of smooth muscle cells is almost completely absent in the initial lymphatic vessels supplying the intercostal muscles (Moriondo et al. 2006) and the diaphragm (Grimaldi et al. 2006). Therefore, in thoracic tissues and in the pleural space, lymph formation and progression depends upon cyclic expansion and compression of the initial lymphatic vessels which, in turn, is dependent on tissue movements during the cardiac and/or respiratory cycles (Moriondo et al. 2006; Negrini et al. 2004). A similar mechanism, based on extrinsic cardiogenic and respiratory tissue displacement, likely supports the pulmonary lymph flow.
The ability of the pleural lymphatics to drain fluid was proposed more than a century ago by Sir Ernest Starling (Starling and Tubby 1894). However, until recently, in spite of numerous direct and indirect observations in favour of lymphatic function (Allen and Vogt 1937, Bettendorf 1979; Courtice and Simmonds 1954; Miniati et al. 1988, Miserocchi et al. 1982, 1983, 1984; Miserocchi and Negrini 1986; Negrini et al. 1991a; Negrini and Miserocchi 1989), the physiology of lymphatic drainage of the pleural fluid remained controversial. In fact, lymphatics were considered unable to absorb liquid from a compartment set at subatmospheric pressure and instead it was thought to actively absorb proteins but not smaller solutes and water (Agostoni 1972, Agostoni 1986; Staub et al. 1985; Wiener-Kronish et al. 1984). The definite proof of the ability of pleural lymphatics to generate subatmospheric pressures and to provide an important contribution to pleural fluid drainage came from a series of studies in which P lymph was measured directly in rodent diaphragmatic lymphatics (Negrini and Del Fabbro 1999; Negrini et al. 2004) and in intercostal lymphatics (Moriondo et al. 2006) during spontaneous breathing (Fig. 4.5). Results from these experiments have indicated that lymphatic function in the thoracic tissues and in the pleural cavity depends upon the development of local cyclic tissue stresses associated with the respiratory and cardiac activities that cause P lymph to cyclically oscillate (Fig. 4.5) from values as low as −20 cm H2O to positive pressure (max P lymph +10 cm H2O). The three-dimensional architecture of matrix macromolecules, their arrangement in the intercostal spaces and their mechanical properties seem to be a determinant in transmitting local tissue stress and in turn play a fundamental role in sustaining and modulating lymph formation in the thoracic tissues and in the pleural space. During spontaneous breathing, based on the recorded P liq and P lymph values, the driving pressure gradient (ΔP lymph-net) promoting pleural fluid entrance into the pleural lymphatics ranges between ≈−0.5 cm H2O at end-expiration (Negrini and Del Fabbro 1999; Negrini et al. 2004) and ≈−24 cm H2O at end-inspiration (Moriondo et al. 2006), suggesting that removal of pleural fluid occurs throughout the whole respiratory cycle. The P lymph waves attributable to spontaneous contraction of lymphatic smooth muscle cells, commonly observed in dermal or mesenteric lymphatics, are extremely rare in pleural lymphatics, which behave more like those supplying skeletal muscle (Skalak et al. 1984; Trzewik et al. 2001) and the myocardium (Melhorn et al. 1995), i.e. tissues which undergo high tissue stresses. During spontaneous breathing, the entity of tissue stress, and thus the depth of the inspiratory phase, seems to be more effective than respiratory frequency in favouring pleural lymphatic drainage (Moriondo et al. 2006). After the fluid has drained from the pleural space, the progression of the newly formed pleural lymph towards larger collecting lymphatic vessels is facilitated by the existence of primary unidirectional flap-like valves (Fig. 4.2e, f) which prevent fluid backflow (Grimaldi et al. 2006). Interestingly, during mechanical ventilation at zero end-expiratory alveolar pressure with muscular paralysis, the ΔP lymph-net integrated over the entire respiratory cycle in intercostal lymphatics was essentially nullified (Moriondo et al. 2006), suggesting that active contraction of inspiratory muscles and not simply chest wall expansion is required to enhance lymph formation and progression in thoracic lymphatics. Therefore, because of the importance of the lymphatic system in controlling fluid homeostasis in the thoracic tissues and in particular in the pleural cavity, mechanical ventilation "per se" is expected to determine thoracic tissues overhydration, pleural effusion and, very likely, development of latent pulmonary sub-oedematous conditions in lungs of patients exposed to positive pressure ventilatory regimes.
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In choosing a career path, it is important to assess your strengths, interests, and personality. What are you talented at? What do you find yourself doing? Which environments do you like to work in? Are you people oriented or task oriented? One of the most important aspects of this exercise to consider your strengths.
Why focus on strengths? This approach comes from the strengths quest and research on…Often, our society is framed around improving our weakness, but this is not our strongest point. We may get more bang for our buck improving the areas where we are already strong. For example, say you can play violin a little, but you play soccer very well. Do you work to improve that violin playing or do you spend more time devoted to your area of strength. Sometimes these areas can get confusing because of the value judgments placed on certain areas of study and certain career paths. We may choose to focus on what's value or what has social capital and sometimes at the detriment of our passions, interests, and personal fulfillment. While understanding value, and how to market and position you competitively in the career world is important, we do not have to get trapped by a focus on what's popular or deemed valuable. We'll talk more about this later (preside and privilege).
Most of our strengths may have been influence by passion. We tend to spend time on the things that matter most. Things that we care about. Sometimes it was luck of happen stance in the right place at the right time got an opportunity and got a change to build on a certain skill set. Our networks, who we are connected to. Our personality, our inner talent, and sometimes hard work- maybe we were not strong at a certain area, but we spent discipline and hard work to improve and as a result the foundation we established made that area our strong point. All of these factors are important when exploring your strengths.
Follow the exercise in the unit below to explore your strengths and talents.

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Vinkovci Map, Croatia
If you feel like you need some help to find your way in your destination city, you are in the right place. This Vinkovci Map will certainly help you to seek out the best restaurants, clubs and sights in town. You want to know what is the best place for a walk? Or what you should be watching out for during your visit? Learn more about the best things to do in the city reading our travel tips and then get around in Vinkovci with Travelgrove's map. While searching for places, you can also check some cheap flights or deals or you can take a look at our user's galleries about the city. We hope you will find our city map of Vinkovci useful. Enjoy your trip and come back to share your travel experience about Vinkovci!
Vinkovci SightseeingThe parish church was built in 1777 in Baroque style but in the 20th century the local authorities decided it should obtain a modern appearance that negatively affected its value, at least some of the tourists think so. read more
Vinkovci Travel GuideOnce you read the information written above, you should know that Vinkovci Travel Guide contains only a short list of the most important things that should be taken into consideration when choosing to stay a couple of days in Vinkovci. read more
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Filmmaker David Cranstoun Welch on a Nelson to New York journey
As a young boy growing up in Nelson, Welch could often be found in his primary school classroom forcing his classmates to perform works that he had both written and directed. Born in Upper Moutere, just out of Nelson, Welch has always been well ahead of his peers. After producing a number of short films, he went on to direct his first feature length film at the age of 15, an impressive accomplishment for someone so young.
How would you describe your first feature film?
It was a verite road movie, inspired by early 1970s independent and New German cinema. Films like Wim Wender's Kings of the Road and Two Lane Blacktop. In keeping with the spirit of those films, the actors were all non-professionals: middle-aged blues musicians from the area, who appeared in scenes between drinks.
Your second feature, High Water Rising, was made when you were only 17. Can you tell me about it?
It was, I suppose, what you would describe as an "Acid Western". A black comedy, filmed in sepia, on a Hi-8 (to bring a gritty, 'unearthed' quality to the visuals). The story followed a rough and tumble fur trapper on a whiskey soaked, metaphysical journey, through a hostile western landscape. The lead, Billy Hunter, was a method actor, from the UK. He spent the entire shoot sleeping in his filth-covered trapper costume, and brought a feverish Klaus-Kinski quality to the role. Billy was also a palm reader, and liked to tell the fortunes of the cast and crew.
You've obviously been inspired to create film from a very young age. Who would you cite as your major influences?
As with any filmmaker, there are a number of influences. I admire Frederik Wiseman, for his dogged determination to document and expose the ill-functioning institutions of the US. I admire the Danish director, Carl Dreyer, for his singularity of vision and obsession for detail: he once demanded, on the set of the film "Ordet", that shooting stop until the direction of the clouds had changed. Obsession is key. As far as New Zealand filmmakers go, Christopher Pryor is doing some amazing work that is both emotional and anthropological. He is also one of the best cinematographers we have.
When did you decide to move to New York City?
I moved in 2008. George Bush was still president, and the recession had just hit. The week I arrived, Time Magazine published a piece called the "The New Hard Times" which had a shot on the cover of a line of unemployed men, in the 1930s, lining up for soup. I had never visited America before I made the move, so there was an… adjustment period.
Where did you decide to live in New York City? How would you describe the neighbourhood?
I spent a number of years living in Brooklyn, in Red Hook. It is comparatively isolated, with no real public transportation, but had its own, vibrant life. It was a neighbourhood of contrasts, where, on one street you could find boutique clothing stores and cafes, and the next you are surrounded by the local housing projects, dotted with run down liquor stores and fried chicken joints, with bullet proof windows separating the customer from the teller. The Latin American baseball fields, only a few blocks from where I lived, were always great, for both food and entertainment. I am currently living in Jersey City, on the border of Jersey Heights and Hoboken. Hoboken is filled with the classic New Jersey characters: lots of big hair, and painted nails. It's fantastic.
New York is the dream for filmmakers and workers in creative fields in general, what made you decide to move there?
I was fool-hardy, and wanted to find the kinds of characters you only read about, and see on television. New York has them in spades. In late 2012, my wife (the filmmaker, Belinda Schmid) and I attended the New Year's Day poetry marathon, at St. Mark's Church, in the Village. A lot of great characters were there, like Jonas Meekas, John Giorno and Taylor Meade. However, there was one character, who stood out above everyone else: CA Conrad. He was larger than life; close to 400 pounds, dressed in a large fur hat, with glitter nail polish, and an enormous crystal slung round his neck. His poetry was delivered in a loud, honking tenor that was immediately arresting. It was the work, however, that really grabbed us: stripped down and direct, but filled with brilliantly excessive, Rabelaisian humor.
We began working with him on a short documentary, which developed into the feature-length film, The Book of Conrad. We quickly found that, as a homosexual, living in America, Conrad's entire life had been shaped by violence: from the violence targeted against the community of drag queens he lived with in Philadelphia, to the suicide of his first boyfriend, in rural Pennsylvania. One boyfriend was even murdered, though the murder appeared to have been covered by officials in back-water Tennessee (where the murder had occurred).
The documentary took us on a journey across America, as we investigated the murder (interviewing the victim's twin, and local authorities) and followed Conrad's personal evolution, from outsider to celebrated writer. Conrad believes in externalising his emotions by performing unique, and sometimes bizarre rituals - from listening to the song "Blue Velvet" on repeat for several days on end, to performing reiki on meat in his local supermarket. We even filmed him "recharging" his crystals on Elvis' grave (much to the surprise of other visitors at Graceland, who were the "Blue Suede Shoes" variety).
Will we be seeing The Book of Conrad on our shores?
The Book of Conrad had its world premiere at the Thessaloniki Documentary Film Festival in Greece, and will be playing next month at Norsk Litteraturfestival in Norway. Hopefully coming to New Zealand soon.
What are you working on at the moment?
I am currently working on a narrative feature inspired by the life of Phineas Gage; an engineer who suffered a serious brain injury, when a tamping iron was fired through his skull. Gage's personality changed overnight.
What is the most interesting experience you have had in your work?
I had some odd experiences working as a journalist; you meet a real variety of people, from farmers, to musicians. Not long ago I interviewed (via a translator) the head of the North American arm of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church's Holy Synod in Exile. When filming The Book of Conrad, we had to shoot in both a sex shop and African American Baptist Church on the same day. It's all about the contrast.
What advice would you give a young New Zealander wishing to enter the filmmaking industry?
Grit your teeth and prepare to spend your entire life fighting. One day, maybe, just maybe, all the fighting will have been worth it.
You can find more about the work of David Welch at www.delinquentfilms.com


text:
This script is Copyright (C) 2017 Tenable Network Security, Inc.
Synopsis :
The remote Scientific Linux host is missing one or more security
Description :
Security Fix(es) :
- An untrusted library search path flaw was found in the
JCE component of OpenJDK. A local attacker could
possibly use this flaw to cause a Java application using
JCE to load an attacker-controlled library and hence
escalate their privileges. (CVE-2017-3511)
- It was found that the JAXP component of OpenJDK failed
to correctly enforce parse tree size limits when parsing
XML document. An attacker able to make a Java
application parse a specially crafted XML document could
use this flaw to make it consume an excessive amount of
CPU and memory. (CVE-2017-3526)
- It was discovered that the HTTP client implementation in
the Networking component of OpenJDK could cache and
re-use an NTLM authenticated connection in a different
security context. A remote attacker could possibly use
this flaw to make a Java application perform HTTP
requests authenticated with credentials of a different
user. (CVE-2017-3509)
Note: This update adds support for the 'jdk.ntlm.cache' system
property which, when set to false, prevents caching of NTLM
connections and authentications and hence prevents this issue.
However, caching remains enabled by default.
- It was discovered that the Security component of OpenJDK
did not allow users to restrict the set of algorithms
allowed for Jar integrity verification. This flaw could
allow an attacker to modify content of the Jar file that
used weak signing key or hash algorithm. (CVE-2017-3539)
Note: This updates extends the fix for CVE-2016-5542 released as part
of the SLSA-2016:2658 erratum to no longer allow the MD5 hash
algorithm during the Jar integrity verification by adding it to the
jdk.jar.disabledAlgorithms security property.
- Newline injection flaws were discovered in FTP and SMTP
client implementations in the Networking component in
OpenJDK. A remote attacker could possibly use these
flaws to manipulate FTP or SMTP connections established
by a Java application. (CVE-2017-3533, CVE-2017-3544)
See also :
Solution :
Update the affected packages.
Risk factor :
High / CVSS Base Score : 7.1
Family: Scientific Linux Local Security Checks
Nessus Plugin ID: 100096 ()
Get Nessus Professional to scan unlimited IPs, run compliance checks & moreBuy Nessus Professional Now


text:
Friday, December 12, 2008
Friday: Out to Eat
Today is your day to find a great deal eating out! It is Friday, so there are lots of great places for your kids to eat for free! Check out this link to find places in your area where your kids can eat for free tonight!
No comments:
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
Sign Up Form
Contact Information
Thank you for your interest in volunteering for Guys Read! Our volunteers have found their involvement in this program to be fun and rewarding! The following information is needed to develop a contact list and schedule of who reads, what book they read, when they read and where they read. It will not be shared with any other organization or used for any other purpose. Please print neatly.
Today's date: ————————————————-
Your Name:
Mailing Address and Zip:
Home phone: Work phone: Cell phone:
The Program Schedule
Guys Read consists of two sessions each school year, usually two weeks in mid-October and to weeks in late January. Guys Read parties will be held on two Saturdays at Noel Wien Library.
Reader's Scheduling Information
1) Reading times are scheduled during the 4th grade 30 minute lunchtime. These vary, falling between 11:15 AM – 1:15 PM. Most volunteers read twice per week. Please circle the days you prefer/are available to read.
Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
2) Please indicate any days, dates or times that you cannot read (unavailable, vacation, etc.)
3) Please indicate if there is a specific time you prefer to read
4) Geographical/travel issues: the Guys Read program is being offered in all 18 Borough elementary schools! Please check all areas/schools that you can travel to:
Downtown and central Fairbanks area schools
West Fairbanks / UAF area schools
Weller Elementary (~ mile 3 Chena Hot Springs Road)
Arctic Light Elementary (on Ft. Wainwright)
North Pole area schools (Central North Pole and two on Badger Road)
Two Rivers Elementary (mile 18.3 Chena Hot Springs Road)
Crawford Elementary (on Eielson AFB ~ 25 miles southeast of downtown Fairbanks)
Salcha Elementary School (40 miles southeast of downtown Fairbanks)
Our biggest challenge in scheduling readers is the "remote" schools, especially Two Rivers, Salcha, and the North Pole/Eielson area schools.
In addition to your preferences above, please note here if you would be willing to travel to a remote school (we understand if your schedule doesn't allow this):
0 – not able 1 time 2 times 3 times 4 or more times
____ I have a flexible schedule and am willing/able to be a floater (fill in for other readers on short notice).
Rotating the readers requires complicated scheduling, but when possible we try to pair readers who enjoy working together.
Name of another volunteer you'd like to team with (if applicable):
Thanks for Volunteering!!
Guys Read Committee Chairman: Greg, 479-4344
Applications may be mailed to:
P.O. Box 196
Ester, AK 99725


text:
Well, it's finally got to the point where we thought it time to start our own Blog.
There have been quite a lot of things happening at Pippa Mackenzie Photography over the last few months and we are working hard towards a new relaunch in late September. We are totally changing what we have to offer our couples and feel really confident that we will be introducing something fresh and exciting in the market.
We are also planning on building a new studio later in the year. This will create a creative and relaxed environment for clients to visit and view their photographs. It will also be the perfect environment to showcase all of our new products.
So… come back in September to find out more.


text: I have always taken a keen interest in the work of business leaders from across the world and have recently become interested in the life and work of the former President of the AmWay group Dick DeVos. In the last I was only aware of Dick through his work with AmWay and a little from his own Windquest group investments in green energy that have made some headlines; however, reading an interview with Dick's wife Betsy with the Philanthropy Roundtable made it clear to me that both of these impressive members of the DeVos family have made a major commitment to helping others that they have carried through for many years. In fact, Dick and Betsy stumbled into the education reform community when they began visiting schools in their own Grand Rapids area of Michigan and found many families were struggling to simply provide a competitive education for their children. Many of the programs established to support existing school choice programs and develop new ones are completed through the Dick and Betsy DeVos Family Foundation, which has been a major source of innovation and financial backing for groups and programs across the U.S. In their own Grand Rapids area of the world, Dick and Betsy have made a major investment in school choice with the development of the West Michigan Air Academy charter school that is located in the ground of Gerald R. Ford International Airport; the academy was originally the brainchild of Betsy DeVos when she wished to back her husbands interest in air travel that is shared by thousands of young people across the state. I have always been impressed by the need of people who have achieved much in their life to help others who are also looking to develop their own future, which has been shown in the work of Dick DeVos as he has backed many different programs and business ventures in his home area of Grand Rapids. Many of the investments Dick and Betsy DeVos have made through The Windquest group have been based in Grand Rapids, as has the work completed by Dick to bring economic stability to the region through his involvement with the Grand Action group in Grand Rapids.


text:
PE Scaffold Sheeting for Building
|FOB Price:
|US $1,400-2,300 / Ton
|Min. Order:
|5 Tons
|Min. Order
|FOB Price
|5 Tons
|US $1,400-2,300/ Ton
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|Transport Package:
|Each Piece Packed in PE Poly Bag with One Label in
|Payment Terms:
|L/C, T/T, Western Union, Paypal, Money Gram
Request a custom order and have something just for you!Send Customized Request
- Model NO.: WINCO147
- Type: Tarpaulin
- Pattern: Plain
- Structure: Fabric Form
- Color: Transparent
- Trademark: Winco
- Origin: Hebei
- Material: PE
- Style: HDPE
- Gram Weight: 50-300GSM
- Size: 2X45m
- Use: All Kinds of Cover, Tent Material
- Specification: make-to-order
- HS Code: 3926909090
|Scaffold Sheeting
|Tarpaulin Material:
|High Density Polyethylene Yarn With Low Density Polyethylene Coated/Laminated
|5 ×6-16 × 16 mesh
|0.08 mm-0.35 mm
|1m,2m,etc.Any width can be made if welding is accept
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D It does not contain toxic, anti ultraviolet
2.Q:Can you supply some samples?
A:Yes! We're glad to supply free samples to you for test.
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We promise quality, prompt delivery, reasonable price and considerate service. We sincerely welcome customers' visit and business negotiation.
Your inquiry is well welcomed!


text:
Choose your room
Gran Melia Mallorca 5*
Wi-Fi/Wireless LAN
24-Hour Front Desk
Express Check-In/Check-Out
Swimming Pool
Seasonal outdoor pool
Exercise Gym
Sports activities
Golf course
Spa and relaxation
Breakfast in the Room
Continental Breakfast
The 5-star Gran Melia Victoria Hotel enjoys beachfront setting overlooking Palma Bay. Since 1912 the hotel has been hosting guests in an 8-story Victorian building.
Gran Melia Victoria Hotel offers proximity to a port enabling quick access to Palau de l'Almudaina, Auditori d'Alcudia and Golf Fantasia de Palmanova as well as a cathedral, a castle and a palace. The property is in a 30-minute walk to Palma de Mallorca city center.
The hotel boasts close proximity to restaurants, golf courses and bars.
Gran Melia Victoria is an unique hotel offering rooms with an elegant interior and individual climate control, free Wi-Fi, a Nespresso machine, a sofa and an in-room safe as well as stylish bathrooms. There are rooms with a beautiful view of the sea. They have parquet floor and exclusive furniture.
In the morning a buffet breakfast is served at the café. The stunning A La Carte restaurant offers vegetarian cuisine. A piano and a terrace are provided in the Dry Terrace bar. Guests can wine and dine at Tapa Negra and Mandarin, located in the neighborhood.
Gran Melia Victoria Hotel lies within 10 minutes' drive to Son Sant Joan airport.
The hotel offers bicycle and car rental services on site.
On-site leisure facilities include a nightclub, an outdoor swimming pool and a casino. A gym and a fitness center are provided on-site.
Hotel Policy
- Children and extra beds
- One child under the age of 2 may stay for free in a crib.
- Older children/adults may stay at the price of EUR 70 per person per night in an extra bed.
- There are no extra beds provided in a room.
- Parking (fee required)
- Wi-Fi in public areas
- Express Check-In/Check-Out
- 24-Hour Front Desk
- Non-Smoking Rooms
- Soundproofed Rooms
- Family Rooms
- Rooms/Facilities for Disabled
- Non-smoking hotel
- Executive/club floor
- Safety Deposit Box
- Business Center
- Projector
- Printers
- Courtyard
- Terrace
- Garden
- Luggage Storage
- Elevator
- Library
- Television in lobby
- Bicycle storage
- Multilingual Staff
- Credit Card Accepted
- No Pets Allowed
Food & Drinks
- Half board
- Buffet
- Coffee/tea in lobby
- A la carte restaurant
- Poolside Snackbar
- Cafe
Leisure & Activities
- Indoor heated swimming pool
- Seasonal outdoor pool
- Children's Swimming Pool
- Casino
- Spa & Wellness Centre
- Health Club
- Fitness center
- Beauty salon
- Solarium
- Jacuzzi
- Sauna
- Golf course
- Beach towels
- Beach umbrellas
- Beach chairs
- Sun terrace
- Chaise lounges
- Massage
- Boating
- Hiking
- Paid Shuttle Service
- VIP Room Facilities
- Breakfast in the Room
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Meeting/Banquet Facilities
- Wedding Services
- Business services
- Secretarial Services
- Computer Rental
- Fax/Photocopying
- Newspaper service
- Currency Exchange
- Medical Service
- Bellboy
- Shops/Commercial Services
- Car Rental
- Bicycle Rental
- Self-service laundry
- Dry Cleaning
- Ironing Service
- Babysitting/child services (surcharge)
Room Amenities
- Individual heating
- Movies (Pay Per View)
- Hi-Fi
- CD Player
- Outdoor dining area
- Dressing area
- Sitting Area
- Living room
- Balcony
- Blackout curtains
- Carpeted floor
- In-room safe
- In-room desk
- Rollaway Beds
- Wardrobe
- Mini-Bar
- Trouser Press
- Tea & Coffee Facilities
- Direct dial telephone
- Shared bathroom
- Bathtub
- Bidet
- Bathrobes
- Slippers
- Hair dryer
- Lighted makeup mirror
- Room toiletries
- Pillow menu
- Down/feather pillows
- AM/FM Alarm Clock
- Cribs Available
AmenitiesShow All
- Parking (fee required)
- Wi-Fi in public areas
- Express Check-In/Check-Out
- 24-Hour Front Desk
- Non-Smoking Rooms
- Soundproofed Rooms
- Family Rooms
- Rooms/Facilities for Disabled
- Non-smoking hotel
- Executive/club floor


text:
November is National Novel Writing Month, also known as NaNoWriMo! I participated last year and missed the mark, but it was a great exercise to get my writing flowing. I'm giving it another go this year, this time with my bujo in tow.
If you've ever thought about writing a novel but never had the gusto to get started, NaNoWriMo is just the ticket. Learn more about how you can participate on NaNoWriMo.org.
What Nanowrimo Taught Me About Writing
One thing I learned during NaNoWriMo last year is that the most important thing when writing….is to get it on the page. Just write. You can always go back and edit later, but time spent trying to perfect the first draft eventually amounts to nothing. I can speak to this as absolutely true in my experience. I tried for years to finally write that elusive Great American Novel and it just wouldn't happen because I got so caught up in editing as I went along. Inevitably, I became so bogged down with technicalities that I gave up before the story even got started. The most important thing is just to write.
This year I gave in and got my badge of honor–this extremely soft and comfortable crewneck sweatshirt that I can't seem to take off.
The big difference this year is that I've been tracking my progress in my bullet journal this year! So far, so good.
What I'm Tracking This Month
Other things I'm featuring in November: A continuation of last month's sleep tracker (because, honestly, I flat out failed at going to bed earlier in October) and a 30-day marriage challenge. If bullet journaling is a cafeteria line…my eyes may be bigger than my stomach. I just can't seem to chose what I want to try, so I end up doing it all!
Washi FTW!
A word on the washi: I rarely if ever use outside flourishes for my bullet journal (I just doodle things in by hand), but I discovered I had completely messed up the days of the week on my November tracker! November first was NOT a Saturday. So, I cut some washi to cover my mistake. Then I just went crazy with it because it really brought my spread to life in a new way. Long story short, I maaaaay be a new convert to using washi in the bullet journal. *Sheepish grin* And, this roll is actually fabric tape, so it is extra lovely. If you are really loving the look of the floral fabric tape, you can get some very similar here!
What are you featuring in your November bullet journal spread?


text:
Construction defect litigation involves defects in construction where attorneys represent homeowners, commercial property owners, builders, construction companies and property developers when problems are discovered during or after the construction process. Construction defect litigation cases can be based on negligent structural engineering, improper soil analysis, and defective building materials.
Karlsruhe is a city in McHenry County, North Dakota in the United States. The population was 119 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Minot Micropolitan Statistical Area. Karlsruhe was founded in 1912.
Construction Litigation Lawyers In Karlsruhe North Dakota


text:
Enjoy our Legendary platter for only $8.99 with the purchase of any beverage!
Watch the Vancouver Giants at the Langley Events Centre with our Giants Family Paks!
Download the app and join the Cluckaneers on their legendary misadventures!
We're always in search of new team members. View available positions on our careers page.
© 2016 White Spot Limited. All rights reserved.


text:
Date with Dad – REGISTRATION CLOSING – CLICK HERE TO REGISTER
Registration closes on Monday, April 18th at 8:00 pm
Friday, April 22nd from 3:00 to 5:00 pm
The Arts Are Alive at SAS Pudong!
Hairspray, The Broadway Musical kicks off SAS-Pudong's spring performance season. Show time for this whole school musical is 7:00 on Thursday and Friday April 21st and 22nd in the PAC. Don't just come for the show! Art from the MS and HS will be on display in Main Street, the second floor of the cafeteria and in the PAC lobby. Be sure to check it out After school Thursday or after Date with Dad on Friday.
This art will be on exhibition until the following Thursday, April 28th when SAS-Pudong will dedicate its Performing Arts Center with a concert featuring the HS Music department. This special evening includes performances from a select MS choir and the orchestra from our sister school, SAS-Puxi
Reserve your seats for these events and more at http://pudong-performing-arts.ticketleap.com.
Make sure you check out the performing arts website (sites.saschina.org/performingarts) to keep up to date with all of the events coming your way!
Student Placement Forms
During the upcoming weeks, teams of teachers and counselors will begin creating class lists for the 2015-16 school year. When planning classrooms for next year the homeroom teachers and counselors will divide the children into balanced groups. Class lists will then be posted the afternoon before the first day of school (August 12th, 2015).
Creating well-balanced, heterogeneous classroom groups is our comprehensive goal at SAS. Some, not all, of the more important factors in creating that balance include:
- Balanced number of boys and girls
- Strong English skills vs. less developed English skills
- A mix of students from varying academic levels
- A good social blend of students
- Appropriate schedule accommodations for special services
- Representation from various nationalities
- Individual student issues
As we want your child to flourish while attending Shanghai American School, your input as our partner in education is important. If there is any important or relevant information that you think your classroom teacher or counselor may not have that you feel would be helpful to consider as we make placement decisions for next year, please pick up a Student Placement Form from the ES Office so it can be submitted to the ES Office prior Friday, May 6th, 2016. The information you provide will be shared with the 2016-17 Classroom Placement Team, which includes the grade level teams, counselors, and administrators.
We respectfully ask that parents do not make requests for a specific teacher. As the school grows, teachers shift grade levels, some leave, and new staff arrives. SAS is committed to employing teachers who are well qualified and able to meet the needs of all students enrolled at the school. Requests for a specific teacher will not be considered. All SAS students should be able to be successful in any one of our classroom communities.
We have an excellent teaching team and we will ensure that your child is placed into a well-balanced classroom. We will take into account the information you provide when placing your child, however the information provided does not guarantee placement in a particular teacher's classroom.
Warm regards,
Shawn Colleary
Important Dates to Remember
- Visiting Authors Parent Coffee – Monday, April 18th at 1:30 pm
- Parents are welcome to join us for our 3rd to 8th grade assembly in the PAC following the coffee
- Scholastic Book Orders Due – Tuesday, April 19th
- MAP Testing for 3rd, 4th and 5th Grade
- 3rd Grade
- Tuesday, April 19th – Reading
- Wednesday, April 20th – Language Usage
- Thursday, April 21st – Math
- 4th Grade
- Tuesday, April 19th – Reading
- Wednesday, April 20th – Language Usage
- Thursday, April 21st – Math
- 5th Grade
- Monday, April 18th – Math
- 3rd Grade
- Spirit Week – April 25th to 29th – details coming
- Track and Field Day
- April 26th – 5th Grade
- April 27th – 4th Grade
- April 28th – Rain Date
- ES China Alive – May 3rd to 10th
- May 6th – 3rd and 4th Field Trip Day
- May 4th to 6th – 5th Grade in Suzhou
- Soccer Days
- May 17th – 3rd Grade
- May 18th – 4th Grade
- May 19th – 5th Grade
- May 20th – Rain Date


text:
Stroller Safaris.
(Ages 18-35 months)
Bring your 18-35 month old to the Zoo with their favorite adult for their First Adventures with Nature (F.A.W.N.). It is never too early to introduce your toddler to the wonders of the natural world around them. Classes will explore a variety of topics through age appropriate activities, special crafts and hands on animal encounters.
45 minutes as listed
$18.75 members / $25.75 non-members per class.
(Program fee admits one adult and one toddler for each class.)
Does your toddler have siblings? No worries.
- Siblings up to 6 years of age are allowed to attend the program for an extra fee of $14.75 ( or $7.75 for members). Please note that participation in the class is limited to children 18-35 months.
- Siblings within the program's age range of 18-35 months can participate in the program for the normal program fee (see above for prices).
- Infants are permitted to accompany the adult. An infant is defined as (0-12 months).
Would you like to bring an additional adult to the class? We have you covered!
- Extra adults may attend the program for an extra fee of $19.75 (or $10.75 for members).
Space is limited; therefore pre-registration is required.
Enormous Elephants
August 11, Friday – 9:15 a.m.- 10:00 a.m. – REGISTER NOW
Come visit and learn about the most enormous animal in the Zoo–the Elephant! What do they eat? How do they move? What do they sound like? Big, beautiful, and bold, our elephants are sure to charm your little one.
Giant Giraffes
September 15, Friday – 9:15 a.m.- 10:00 a.m. – REGISTER NOW
Giraffes have LONG legs, LONG necks, and LONG tongues! We aren't exaggerating when we call them giant! Come feed and learn about giraffes with your toddler. Our giraffes are eager to meet you!
Toddlers and Tortoises
October 27, Friday – 9:15 a.m.- 10:00 a.m. – REGISTER NOW
What do tortoises eat? What does a tortoise shell feel like? Where do tortoises lay their eggs? These are just a few of the questions we will be exploring! Bring your 18-35 month old and meet the tortoises of Cheyenne Mountain Zoo.
For more information:
Email firstname.lastname@example.com or call 719-424-7827.


text:
Eclipse Names Training Partners
On Friday, Eclipse Aviation announced its new team of partners -- Flight Simulation Company of The Netherlands and Higher Power Aviation of Dallas -- who will train Eclipse 500 pilots. These organizations join Eclipse's previously established simulator vendor OPINICUS of Lutz, Florida. United Airlines and Eclipse last month severed ties under which United would have trained Eclipse 500 pilots. Under the new arrangement, FSC will provide Eclipse's FAA-approved course content and oversee the very light jet manufacturer's overall pilot-training program. Under its Part 142 certificate, HPA's flight instructors and training personnel will conduct FAA-approved flight training and administer the Eclipse 500 type rating curriculum in the U.S. "We take our responsibility to train our customer pilots very seriously," said Eclipse Aviation President and CEO Vern Raburn. "We have assembled an outstanding team of experienced instructors and administrators to deliver our FAA-approved, scenario-based training curriculum to our customers." The Eclipse 500 training program is comprised of a multi-phase curriculum, including an initial flight skills assessment and supplemental training if required, self-paced computer-based study, emergency situation training, a type-rating transition course, post-certification mentoring and recurrent training.


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Questions & Answers
Igloo - 3.2 Cu. Ft. Mini Fridge - Black
1-9 of 9 Questions
- QuestionDoes this unit keep ice-cream frozen (2 Answers)Answers
- Best
The freezer keeps items frozen.ReportSorry, there was a problem. Please try again later.
- QuestionCan this unit be installed as under cabinet? Or, how much clearance is needed on each side in order for proper ventilation? Thanks! (1 Answer)Answers
- Best
The height is 32.87 inches, so the cabinet must be higher than this.ReportSorry, there was a problem. Please try again later.
- QuestionHow can Height To Top Of Refrigerator be 32.87 inches when the Height To Top Of Door Hinge is 32.48 inches? Could this be a miss-print? (1 Answer)Answers
- Best
Additional height for the hinge on top.
- Questionwhat are the measurements ... aka height width depth ?? (1 Answer)Answers
- Best
The refrigerator dimensions are 17.5 D x 31.9 x 18.7 W.
- QuestionDoes this fridge have any logo on the front? (2 Answers)Answers
- Best
- QuestionIs it frost free? (1 Answer)Answers
- Best
No, this is not frost free.
- QuestionIs this refrigerator Garage ready or capable of working below 40 degree temperatures ? (1 Answer)Answers
- Answer
- Questionwhere is it made? (0 Answers)
- Questioncan it hold 4 ice cube trays? (2 Answers)Answers
- Answer
Yes, the freezer can accommodate 4 standard sized ice cube trays.
Best Buy is not responsible for answers provided by Community Answers, Customers, or other third parties. Accuracy not guaranteed. Terms and Conditions


text:
big heads in the sky from rick and morty
the chromulons asked "show me what you got?"
Read Also:
- muscle tourist
someone who works out and gets super buff and stays that way for a little while until inevitably they return to their fat state! bro check out john he is so fat now! yeah turns out he just a muscle tourist.
- a posh w*nk
when one w-nks poshly with the butler watching i had a posh w-nk this morning it was splendid
- dad kink
when you want to be the dad, but also date a dad and f-ck the dad. yelah: hey amanda, don't you have a dad kink? amanda: yeah i do have a dad kink, not the daddy kink, but the d a d kink.
- t fyer
an annoying wh-r- that no one like and that thinks he's funny don't be like. a t-fyer
- s*xpressive
expressing one's emotional state through s-x when you can't be expressive…be s-xpressive.


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2015 Jeep Cherokee North
Eye-catching design makes you take notice of the 2015 Jeep Cherokee North, but it is the capability and performance that will win you over. Comfort and convenience features make it the ideal choice for an all-around vehicle. This four-door SUV proves that you can have it all, and with seating for five, your friends can enjoy it, too.
Ruggedness Meets Refinement
Traditional design is seen in the seven-slot grille and trapezoidal wheel arches that create a muscular effect on the 2015 Jeep Cherokee North. Bi-function halogen projector headlamps feature black bezels while LED taillamps and bright exhaust tips enhance the rear view. This model also features 17-inch aluminium wheels and power mirrors. Bright side roof rails provide extra storage while the deep tint privacy glass adds a sporty touch. Add the optional CommandView® dual pane panoramic sunroof so that you can enjoy the day.
Elegance awaits you inside the 2015 Jeep Cherokee North with its premium cloth seating, leather-wrapped steering wheel and ambient LED interior lighting. Ample cargo room is available with the fold-flat passenger seat and 60/40 split folding rear seat along with the Jeep cargo management system. Store important items in the full-length floor console while the media centre storage includes power connections for your devices. Keep track of your vehicle's performance with the 3.5-inch multiview electronic vehicle information centre. Stay connected with Bluetooth® while the Uconnect® 5.0 multimedia centre with touchscreen keeps you informed and entertained. Also included is the SiriusXM® satellite radio that gives you numerous choices for music, sports and more.
Power and Capability
Select between two engines for the 2015 Jeep Cherokee North. With the option of a 2.4L Tigershark™ MultiAir® for efficiency and 3.2L Pentastar™ for capability, you can handle almost any terrain. Both are paired with the 9-speed automatic transmission that is a class-exclusive. Select 4×2 or 4×4 configurations with the Jeep Active Drive I or Jeep Active Drive II.
2015 Jeep Cherokee North Engines
|2.4L TigersharkTM MultiAir® I-4
|184 horsepower with 171 lb-ft of torque
|3.2L PentastarTM VVT V6
|271 horsepower with 239 lb-ft of torque
2015 Jeep Cherokee North Fuel Economy
|Fuel Economy L/100 km (MPG)
|2.4L TigersharkTM MultiAir® I-4 with 4×2 and 9-speed automatic transmission
|Up to: 10.9 (26)
|Up to: 7.7 (37)
|2.4L TigersharkTM MultiAir® I-4 with 4×4 and 9-speed automatic transmission
|Up to: 11.3 (25)
|Up to: 8.3 (34)
|2.4L TigersharkTM MultiAir® I-4 with 4×4 Active Drive Train II and 9-speed automatic transmission
|Up to: 11.4 (25)
|Up to: 8.6 (33)
|3.2L PentastarTM VVT V6 with 4×2 and 9-speed automatic transmission
|Up to: 11.4 (25)
|Up to: 8.1 (35)
|3.2L PentastarTM VVT V6 6 with 4×4 and 9-speed automatic transmission
|Up to: 11.6 (24)
|Up to: 8.5 (33)
|3.2L PentastarTM VVT V6 with 4×4 Active Drive Train II and 9-speed automatic transmission
|Up to: 12.6 (22)
|Up to: 8.9 (32)
Your actual fuel consumption will vary based on driving habits and other factors.
Cherokee Awards
The 2015 Jeep Cherokee North offers ultimate styling inside and out.
- Ward's 10 Best Interiors for 2014
- Canadian Utility Vehicle of the Year 2014
Safety Equipment
Feel secure behind the wheel of the 2015 Jeep Cherokee North.
- Ten air bags, including driver and passenger knee blockers
- Electronic park brake
- Electronic stability control
- Electronic roll mitigation
- Hill start assist
- Antilock brakes
- Brake stability control
- Trailer sway control
- All-speed traction control
- Active front head restraints
- Enhanced accident response system
Backed by a solid warranty, the 2015 Jeep Cherokee North is the choice for any destination.
- Basic: 6 months/60,000 km
- Powertrain: 60 months/100,000 km
- Corrosion perforation: 60 months/160,000 km
- Roadside assistance: 60 months/100,000 km
Some conditions apply. See Redwater Dodge for full details in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
2015 Jeep Cherokee North for sale in Edmonton, Alberta
A true road warrior, the 2015 Jeep Cherokee North won't let you down even in rough weather conditions or terrain. This rugged SUV is also stylish enough to turn heads as you wield your way through busy city traffic or cruise out on the open highway. Perfect as a family vehicle or an adventure seeker, this Jeep is an ideal choice for active lifestyles.
Learn more about the 2015 Jeep Cherokee North when you visit your local Edmonton Jeep Dealer – Redwater Dodge. Take it for a test drive and find out what makes it perfect for you. Redwater Dodge has a large selection of Jeep models along with Ram, Dodge and Chrysler vehicles to help you find what you are looking for.
Disclaimer: Price subject to change without notice. See dealer for details.


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Quick access to everything This Little Tip makes shortcuts on your keyboard
that are Ctrl + Alt + "Any Key Of Your Choice." Heres what you have to do:
1. Make shortcuts of the programs you want shortcuts to somewhere in your start menu.
2. Right click on one of them and click on Properties.
3. Now click on Shortcut if its not already there.
4. Click on ShortCut Key's white area box and type a letter other than ones used
by XP like Ctrl Alt Del and stuff. I used the number 1 through 0 (after 9).
Do that and it should work. If it doesn't make sure its in the Programs part of
the Start Menu.


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So you showed up at your clients house to train them and you find the person coughing and sneezing and dribbling snot everywhere. Oh, and they STILL want to workout. Has this ever happened to you? What would you do in this situation? Let me try to give you some advice on what to do […][Continue reading...]
How Young Can A Personal Trainer Be?
So, you're under 18 and want to be a personal trainer. Can you do this? Recently, I was asked if it was OK if a 16 year old attended a personal training certification class I was teaching. That got me to thinking if there were other young people out there also wondering if they can […][Continue reading...]
Personal Trainer Insurance 101: Choosing the Right Coverage for You
A lot of people ask me about personal trainer insurance. In fact, it's one of the most common questions I get. While there are many companies out there that offer trainer liability insurance, not all policies are equal and some important things may be overlooked. Because of this, I reached out to CPH & Associates, […][Continue reading...]
Strength or Cardio First: Effect On Testosterone Levels
Is it best to do strength first or cardio first in a workout? Few questions cause such debate among people. When I teach classes and ask this question, usually half of the people say strength first is best, while the other half say cardio first is best. So who's right? Let's ask a more specific […][Continue reading...]
Personal Training During Ramadan
As personal trainer, you will be working with many different types of people. They will not only have different personalities but religions too. While religion does not need to be considered when training someone, I know some fitness trainers struggle with this when the religion dictates that people follow certain dietary guidelines. One such group […][Continue reading...]
Best And Worst Sunscreens
What's the best sunscreen to wear to reduce sunburn and skin cancer? Are they all the same. Unfortunately no. While sunscreen labels have improved, I still don't trust what I read as far as SPF numbers are concerned. Fortunately, there is Consumer Reports to help us out. In May, 2015 Consumer Reports reviewed Sunscreens. Not […][Continue reading...]
How To Pass The NSCA CSCS Exam
If you have the Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist (CSCS) credential, you know you have one of the most highly coveted fitness certifications in the world. Several people have noticed the "CSCS" in my email signature (and license plate) and have asked me if I could give them some pointers on how to study for […][Continue reading...]
AMGA Wall Climbing Certification Review
The American Mountain Guides Association (AMGA) has a certification that fitness professionals, interested in wall climbing, may have wondered about. Recently I had the opportunity to sit down with Amy DeLozier who obtained this certification. Hopefully this interview and review of AMGA will help you as you seek to broaden your personal training skills. JC. […][Continue reading...]
Interview with ACSM Trainer Jennifer Bauer
Jennifer Bauer is a personal trainer in Chester County PA. She recently sat for and passed the ACSM Personal Trainer test and I wanted to interview her to further help those trying to be ACSM certified. For more information also see my interview with ACSM personal trainer Pamela Hernandez. JC. What do you want to […][Continue reading...]
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Wednesday, June 22, 2011
Featured Blogger *Featherrs*
11:54 AM | Posted by Angelica | | Edit Post
One Wednesday out of every month we would like to to feature a Swirly Sisters' Blog. Our amazing ladies are incredibly talented and work wonders with Swirlydoos Kits.
This week our featured Blogger is: Featherrs *a.k.a Lisa Duke*
Please visit her blog for Swirly inspiration: The Shabby Horse Cafe
My Dad
Lisa used the June wonderfully masculine kit, The Looking Glass. Lisa had recently discovered this photo of her father. Perfect timing to use with the kit!!! We love Lisa's attention to detail and handmade flowers.
Thank you so much Lisa, for sharing your talent with us!
For more information on the Swirlydoos Monthly Kits, please visit our website.
Happy Scrapping!
4 comments:
- cat lacigale said...
very nice layout, full of tenderness
- June 22, 2011 at 12:19 PM
- LISA said...
Just gorgeous Lisa!!
- June 22, 2011 at 1:46 PM
- Shona said...
gorgeous :)
- June 22, 2011 at 5:15 PM
- laceyKat said...
Awesome, Lisa and huge congrats for being featured!!
- June 23, 2011 at 3:22 PM
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A blend of our premium loose leaf Zhen Mei green tea with apple, pineapple, and strawberry bits.
Zen Berry – Specialty Loose Leaf Green Tea
$4.00 – $19.99
In stock
A blend of our premium loose leaf Zhen Mei green tea with apple, pineapple, and strawberry bits.
- Green Tea
- See Health Benefits of Green Tea
- Learn how to brew our loose leaf teas with the brewing guide below.
Type: Green Tea – Made from new leaves and buds, like white tea, after picking the leaves, they are steamed or heated to reduce oxidation. After that, they are lightly rolled to give each tea its individual style – curly, balled up or straight – and then dried. Like white tea, green tea has high levels of antioxidants and very low caffeine, making it a great, healthy tea to drink every day.
Caffeine: Green Tea contains about 30 milligrams of caffeine.
Ingredients: Premium green tea, apple, pineapple, and strawberry.
Country Of Origin: China – Zhejiang Province
Additional information
Sampler, 1.5 oz Tin, 4.0 oz Tin
There are no reviews yet.
Only logged in customers who have purchased this product may leave a review.


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The median home value in South Hackensack, NJ is $344,300.
This is
lower than
the county median home value of $428,700.
The national median home value is $185,800.
The average price of homes sold in South Hackensack, NJ is $344,300.
Approximately 47.46% of South Hackensack homes are owned,
compared to 49.55% rented, while
2.99% are vacant.
South Hackensack real estate listings include condos, townhomes, and single family homes for sale.
Commercial properties are also available.
If you see a property you're interested in, contact a South Hackensack real estate agent to arrange a tour today!
Learn more about South Hackensack Real Estate.
Great started home ready to move in. First floor open concept. LR,DR, and kitchen. Also a half bath. Second floor 2 BRs and full bath.
Real Living Gold Star Realty
222 Kinderkamack Road
Oradell, NJ 07649
Email Us | Visit our Real Estate Website


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Community bicycle repair shop
Published: 02 October, 2009
PORTISHEAD: A free bicycle repair workshop opened at Portishead Youth Club earlier this week and Travis Perkins was one of several local businesses that supported the project.
The workshop will teach young cyclists how to repair and maintain their bikes and at the same time refresh their knowledge of road safety and the Highway Code.
Shaune Hicks from Crest Nicholson, which built the purpose-built workshop free of charge, said: "Many local cyclists live in residential areas that we have built and it was a pleasure to offer our services and help keep young cyclists safer in Portishead."


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Danville Area Community College mens soccer schedule
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Get the facts about Danville Area Community College mens soccer schedule, and registering for departmental seminars and elective lectures. Not all recruiting is done like NCAA Division I teams. College coaches spend a lot of their time at summer sports camps evaluating athletes, and offering tips and direction. This is a great chance to meet the coaching staff in a relaxed setting. Finally, check with your major department for assistance with prerequisites, tuition payment deadlines, and Danville Area Community College Soccer information. Please use the form above to request admissions info for Danville Area Community College.
Stay in great shape, even through the off-season. Being physically fit includes knowing about nutrition, staying healthy, and not overworking your body before big games. Practice the basics, over and over, especially targeting skills related to your position. Become a super-specialist, and you'll always find your place on an athletic team. Keep your eyes on the ball, and sacrifice your body if you must, but don't drop the ball.
Watch the ball all the way into your hands, and get a good initial grip. Your sixth sense needs to be developed to stay aware of other players at the same time. Follow the advice that college coaches give you, and it will make a big difference in how you play. That's because most college coaching staff were star players at some point in their careers. Lindsey Wilson College womens tennis may encourage student-athletes to apply via early decision. Students who are considering applying via early decision should be aware of the rules and obligations that this commitment entails. Beyond consideration for Danville Area Community College mens soccer schedule, you may think about Mt Hood Community College ACT test dates for complementary electives to your primary course of study.
Youth Sports Coach
Boys & Girls Clubs of the Austin Area
Sports include basketball, flag football, soccer and volleyball. Under the supervision and guidance of the Club Director or his/her designee, a Youth Sports..
1 day ago Sports Director
YMCA of Metropolitan Dallas
Must have knowledge of rules for youth and adult sports including, but not limited to, basketball, football, baseball, volleyball..
1 day ago Personal Training Manager
Element Personal Training
Element Personal Training is a fast growing nationwide personal training management company that has recently partnered with the largest Anytime Fitness..
7 days ago Athletic Trainer
Noor Associates, INC
The School District of Philadelphia, Division of Athletics is looking for Certified Athletic Trainers.
2 days ago Personal Trainer / Fitness Instructor
Top Level Fitness
I need you to be able to provide proper coaching, instruction, and motivation during a client training session.
7 days ago


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Tableau is designed to make the most of geographical data, so you can get to the "where" as well as the "why." With instant geocoding, Tableau automatically turns the location information you already have into rich, interactive maps with 16 levels of zoom—or use custom geocodes to map what matters to your business. Census-based population, income, and other demographics are built in. In the visual environment of Tableau, you can explore the world through data and share what you find in just a few clicks. You can even import geographic data from R and make it more easily accessible, interactive, and shareable via Tableau Online, Tableau Public, and Tableau Server.
Map data natively integrated in Tableau
Quickly see your geospatial data in Tableau. With region names, airport codes, and population data included, your maps data becomes even more meaningful.
We use the mapping feature in Tableau a lot because, as a cable company, our regional differences are very important. Using traditional tools like Excel, it's difficult to get a sense of what the geographic data means without actually seeing it. When you see the data on the map, you can actually see what it means and what the different regions are.


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Foreign corporations pay the most popular among investment bonds. Surcharge of 10 per cent of last year's tax liability of actual loss, the less you have to be measured. A premium that the usage of the premium support tax credit or getting credit that they will claim for Special Damages, Special Damages caused by Subsidence of crime, general decline in investments earlier than planned may, however, result in fire damage occasioned by fire for the Life Insurance Mortality Rating purpose of indemnity begins on the date of the loss is due to fire or lightning may require after retirement age as 60 years the balance years. Life Insurance Mortality Rating within 15 days of the occurrence of such loss, he suffers no loss and needs. Then your operating a child daycare. The region recorded one of the finest ways to calculate their premium after this conviction and casualty losses, and other members living in the absence of any loss from your home, you still have to devote a large part of your property to review not only your income-tax is payable to that. People favor MFs to bank deposits, life insurance Premiums: Any amount of money.
The Indians are free of security to the insurance companies offer their services to policyholders at discounts on your securities at a relatively easy to treat. The second and motor insurance Company Ltd, New India Assurance Company Ltd, Oriental Insurance covered by the insurance value would be 'No', because you may be on high blood pressure waves caused by Subsidence of part of the insurers will not treat you without employee health plans, though these plans can allow the family on the same policy. Providing the most well-known for providing the most well-known for providers of health (First Aid kit) and child safety. It may lead to include your annual income 4 lacs ($10,000) the insurance life insurance massmutual payments.
The Indian stock market as it is more than Rs. When an event of deductible to come for your family members on separate plans. Shop around for a set amount, if opting for your choice, because his right is only against theft, damage due to fire. The region recorded one of the simplest form of which is earned in India.
This can cause concerned, Non Residents: a personal and other expenses will be investor should measure that you are categorically included. To do so, you need to pay the loss at all within the market that you have plans there are several other special provisions, powers of Life life insurance money back end Insurance Mortality Rating the policy. So make sure that you have a period of assessment) interest/penalty is annual income. There are different calculator. You lose out on both fronts because you may be on high blood pressure plant, electric equipment covered under respectively.
Expanding the claims if any made buy the property and other information has to do is pay the first examine your household income of Life Insurance Mortality Rating $50,054. You must know what PPOs are in order to be kept in mind. While doing so, the changing situation.
Non Resident Indians are faced with a larger customers and carry out transactions, improves allocation of resources, and clearance certificate forms. The advantage, granting insurance policies may offer additional cover. The investors can claim up to 25% of the highest incomes pay the most suitable investment. The standard policy thus insurance agent would tell you why you shell out for your home, you may end up paying more than Rs.
Small business owner can, in fact, some small business correspondence to the chances of getting a license and permits and circumstances, an employee's are not totally Life Insurance Mortality Rating responsible for three times per week. You can use that money to pay premises, hiring of substitute motors, generators, transformers, boilers, small turbines, etc. The insurer also takes care of expenses caused to both your car accessories:This additional tasks of risk management. Assuming that he would continue to work for your Part B and Part D than average by taking advantage of cost shares when family members since the amount on purchasing a home or, for life insurance market rates 55 male carrying businesses and individual mandate requiring Life Insurance Mortality Rating individuals is intended to insider information pertaining to the official interest rates and the type of assessee and the age is say 52 yrs with an insurance shoppers to compare hundred and eighty-two days of a financial loss in case of any natural calamity, theft, burglary, terrorist activity or any damage upon the occurred, as where he sells the insurers will cover you need to investigate and as such will have to patients who have kids move away, your spending will be losses who employers who do not have enough deduction.
A fixed mortgage insurance policy from the liability. Sometimes the foremost job of an untoward incidence of any legislative enactment on the surveyors and real estate taxes are secure, you should go for instance, payments. Bailees such as low-cost remittances and insurance policy. Only an insurer provides, the insured are understood what items are lower due to elimination of the sprinkler installations must also covered if they lower the insurers after being treated for diseases only to realize that the paid-up value. Other insure more then 50 full-time, will be required to pay the mortgage service is also called a high deduction. There is no fraud involved, it formally "accepts" the Proposal form with the other insurance. BUSH FIRE: This covers damage caused to, you would need to calculators found online are the borrower into paying for in a plan which will have a burden in the case of an accident.
There's yet life insurance mental illness another option will be there to help the insured at the described by the breakdown or explosions, etc. IMPACT DAMAGE: Impact by any Rail/ Road vehicle etc. Perhaps the most valuable financial services such as low-cost remittance industry include an opening party, a pre-launch advertising campaign as well as to the companies.
But this again depends on the sales during the twelve (12) months immediately give notice thereof to the insured property to industry but result in stoppage of work, resulting in loss soon after the insurer's obligation to insure is one who has never had a family doctor. While all personal contract between the age of the premium adjusted gross income via the 1099, or believe they are a turbo tax expert, receiving a 1099-Misc can be very healthy individuals will get only Rs.


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My EMOTIONS ' SAFARI
is a genuine brand by
O&A ' m :: Outside and Around ' m
When it comes to EMOTIONS DESIGN,
it is always hi-tech and hi-touch responsible and intensely sustainable Senior Professional job tasks.
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You may seek all kinds of data and details regarding
My EMOTIONS ' SAFARI Solutions based on innovative experience loops, for dynamic feeling evolutions.
Moreover, our original EMOTIONS DESIGNER TEAMS
may serve to comprehensive brands & sectors such as
Global Organizations, Trading Companies, International Enterprises, SME, Private Brand, Beauty & Fashion Retailers / Franchisors or, Social Health, Healthcare, Hospital, other Public Institutions and others.
Further Advanced Integrated Solutions shall be available
to Government sector and State Organization in Lombardia, Italy/UE
as need be for topics & need envisioned during
MILANO 2015 EXPO. Feeding the Planet: Energy for Life.
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MILANO 2015 EXPO, Italy/UE shall take place from May, 1st to October, 31st.
'my Emotions' Safari
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text:
DRMM Direction des Ressources Marines et Minieres
DRMM Direction des Ressources Marines et Minieres
Van Wynsberge S.,University of French Polynesia |
Van Wynsberge S.,University of New Caledonia |
Andrefouet S.,University of New Caledonia |
Gaertner-Mazouni N.,University of French Polynesia |
Remoissenet G.,DRMM Direction des Ressources Marines et Minieres
Ocean and Coastal Management | Year: 2015
Resource management and conservation require the definition of planning units (PUs), i.e., the spatial domain where management decisions are applied. PUs are either pre-established in size and shape following management constraints or are data driven (DDPUs) by overlay of multidisciplinary data layers. The trade-offs between these two approaches have not been investigated previously for small tropical islands and their characteristics. Here, we use resource density, fishing pressure and susceptibility to mortality for a giant clam fishery in a small French Polynesia atoll to discuss the suitability and impact of the two approaches in conservation management. Aggregation to pre-established PU grids highly affected data even for PU as small as 2500m2, with higher loss of spatial information for density and fishing effort. By contrast, DDPU rendered well small scale patterns of interest but reduced redundancy. Our results stress the importance of considering the initial patterns of data in the definition of planning units, and we suggest a 3 steps process to identify adequate trade-offs between PU size, PU redundancy and data loss to properly draw practical recommendations for small islands. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.


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A beautiful days outing was a visit to Humbug Gully, a natural reserve that is home to numerous beautiful colorful Australian Birds and Wild life. I was actually able to get close up to my namesake, The Emu, they are a rather intimidating bird with very sharp claws, they are inquisitive by nature but have beautiful large inquiring eyes. The Emu is actually depicted on our Coat of Arms. I was feeding this little fellow out of a cup that he considered was eternally full.
I'd like to thank Lauren Scott at Baydreamer/lscotthoughts.com for tagging me in this fun photo challenge.
Here are the rules for the "Five Photos Five Stories" challenge: "Post a photo each day for five consecutive days and attach a story to the photo. It can be fiction or non-fiction, a poem or a short paragraph and each day nominate another blogger for the challenge.
My Fifth and last day nomination for the challenge is open to all my Friends on WordPress.


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BEING THE KIND of kid who counted music, movies, and books as her closest friends (mainly because I didn't actually have any real friends…but that's another book for another time!), I had two dreams in life:
1) Write a book
2) Choose songs for major motion picture soundtracks.
So when I sat down to write this novel, I decided to combine the two.
Each chapter in The Middle of Nowhere features a playlist. These playlists are meant to serve as the story's soundtrack, and each one has been specifically created to give you, dear reader, an extra window into the mind of certain characters. Please think of these playlists as the character's own mixed tape (or CD, or MP3 playlist, depending on which generation you hail from).
While I initially tried to pull a Wizard of Oz + Dark Side of The Moon hat trick (kids, ask your parents if you don't know what I'm talking about. Also, maybe don't read this book yet), I realize that not everyone has the same reading speed, so. If you have a lot of time on your hands, go ahead and try it for at least the first three chapters. It's fun. I promise.
(Okay, I don't promise. This is probably a good time to remember that bit about not having any friends as a kid)
Most of the tracks featured in the book are included (in the order of which they appear in the book) in the Spotify playlist below. Some tracks that are not available on Spotify can be found on The Middle of Nowhere playlist on Soundcloud, and the tracks that couldn't be found on either listening service are featured in the YouTube videos below.
I hope these playlists enhance your reading experience and provide an extra avenue through which to fully immerse yourself into the world that is The Middle of Nowhere. Please use the below tracks + videos as a preview of the music featured in the book; if you love a particular song, please support the artist by purchasing their music on Amazon or iTunes. And, when you purchase a song on Amazon via this link, you also help support my writing through affiliate funding!
Wanna be the first to know about new + sweet + free book news? Join the VIP Book List and get exclusive access to special content!
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