text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Mar 13, 2012
|Filing date
|Nov 28, 2006
|Priority date
|Nov 29, 2005
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|John N. Hinde
|Original Assignee
|Air Diffusion Systems
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (70), Non-Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (6), Classifications (31), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims priority from and the benefit of Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/740,355, filed Nov. 29, 2005, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention generally relates to devices for purification and treatment of bodies of water. More particularly, the invention relates to weighted, flexible tubing which is submerged in a body of water for aeration of the water with small bubbles. Special application is found for this approach in natural bodies of water or in wastewater lagoons which are difficult or impractical to drain.
2. Description of Related Art
Aeration of a body of water is beneficial for a number of reasons. For example, it promotes the growth and survival of aerobic micro-organisms, intermediate life forms such as worms and snails, as well as fish and other aquatic wildlife and prevents ice from forming on docks and ships. Perhaps most importantly, aeration is an excellent way to naturally treat wastewater without the introduction of chemicals or the need to remove, haul, and dispose of sludge. In nature, the rolling motion of a river transports oxygen from the water surface to the bottom, which supports riverbed scavengers that digest organic waste and clean the water by converting sludge into carbon dioxide and water. Aeration systems recreate this natural process by providing tubing near the bottom of a body of water and supplying air flow through the tubing. Air slits or orifices in the wall of the tubing or outlet fixtures associated with the tubing allow bubbles to escape into the water, thereby causing the surrounding water to move and circulate in a manner similar to the aforementioned natural rolling motion.
Modern aerators maximize efficiency and performance by providing small bubbles, typically having diameters less than ⅛th of an inch (3.175 mm). This is much preferred to using larger bubbles, because larger bubbles rise quickly through the water, decreasing the contact time between air and water, and create turbulent flow, which can lift sediment off of the bottom surface and disperse it throughout the water. In contrast, smaller bubbles rise slowly and create laminar flow, which increases the residence time of the bubbles in the water without stirring up sediment.
Of course, residence time is increased by situating the aerators at the bottom of the water, but care must be taken to properly orient the aerators during installation. Optimal bubble generation is created when the bubbles are released from the uppermost part of the tubing. If the bubbles are instead released from a lower portion of the tubing, then it is possible that they will merge to form larger bubbles, thereby degrading the performance of the aerator. One approach to properly aligning the tubing is to provide fixtures for immobilizing the tubing, such as the system of U.S. Pat. No. 6,511,054, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. Another approach has been to provide rigid tubing that will not move or rotate after it has been installed. A typical aerator having such a construction can be seen in U.S. Pat. No. 5,714,062, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
While these two approaches are effective in properly orienting the tubing, their usefulness is limited for a number of reasons. Aerators using securing fixtures are generally limited to artificial bodies of water having substantially flat bottoms, in order for the tubing to be properly oriented. Also, it is very difficult to service aerators that are affixed to the bottom of the body of water. As for aerators having rigid tubing, they are relatively expensive and, if they are not secured to the bottom of the body of water, then substantial efforts must be taken to ensure that they are submerged at the proper orientation and remain so oriented.
An alternative approach is to provide tubing that orients itself after being submerged. Such an aerator is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,293,861, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. Such an aerator typically includes flexible tubing with a series of micro-slits and a ballast wire diametrically opposing each other along a length of the tubing. The ballast wire causes the tubing to remain submerged, even when filled with air, and automatically places the micro-slits at the uppermost part of the submerged length of tubing.
Such weighted flexible tubing is preferable to the previously described systems, because it is capable of transferring more oxygen per hp-hour and pumping more gallons of water per hp-hour for many aeration operations, such as deep water installations. However, flexible tubing according to the prior art is difficult and expensive to manufacture and often results in a great deal of wasted wire material. Known flexible tubing includes that manufactured according to a multi-stage process, whereby a thin-walled tube is first extruded to define an air passageway. The thin wall makes it difficult to achieve and maintain during manufacture, installation and use, an air passageway with a truly circular cross-section, and any resulting tube that is not substantially tubular or has an overly thin or thick wall can be rejected as defective or perform with reduced efficiency. When the air passageway has been successfully formed, the tube is passed through the extruder a second time, with a ballast wire pressed thereagainst. By this approach, the tube and ballast wire are joined together by the extruder with a film or skin (typically comprised of the same material as the tube) surrounding their outer surfaces.
After the tubing of this type is thus formed, it typically would be sent to another facility or production line to add micro-slits to the air passageway. The wire keel protrusion makes it difficult to properly align the tubing, which can lead to irregularly spaced, sized, and positioned slits. Furthermore, tubing using a lead ballast wire is even more problematic due to the known harm that lead can cause to the environment and those who handle it. In fact, lead-weighted tubing is prohibited by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for use in treating bodies of portable water, even if the lead is fully encapsulated by a non-toxic layer.
Another problem with prior art flexible tubing systems is that they generally have a wall thickness no greater than 0.10-0.20 inch (2.54 mm-5.08 mm). Most often, same is in the range of 0.055-0.075 inch (1.397 mm-1.905 mm). This results in nominal orifice pressure drop, causing uneven air distribution and difficulty controlling bubble size. Also, it is difficult to adequately clean such tubing systems, because a cleaning solution injected into the tubing will be released through the initial slits, while little or no solution remains in the tubing to reach and clean the slits at a far end of the tubing. Finally, thin-walled tubing systems are especially prone to kinking, puncturing, collapsing, tearing, cracking, and other performance-inhibiting maladies caused by transport, installation, temperature extremes, high pressure at great submersion depths, abuse by animals, long-term use, and the like.
Yet another possible drawback of using known thin-wall flexible tubing is lifting it from a body of water for inspection or servicing. Known flexible tubing that has become buried in sludge, mud, gravel or debris—for example, as little as 1-3 inches (2.54 cm-7.62 cm) of sludge coverage—is likely to kink, fold, or break when removed by known means and methods, such as a "J" hook or clamping fixture of a boat. Such damage to the tubing degrades the performance of the air-cuts, even if manufactured to provide preferred bubble formation, with a negative result of having the system "boil" air. When this occurs, the treatment suffers and the tubing needs replacing.
Accordingly, a general object or aspect of the present invention is to provide an improved flexible tubing system for fine bubble aeration.
Another object or aspect of this invention is to provide flexible tubing that is self-submerging and self-aligning without the use of a ballast wire.
Another object or aspect of this invention is to provide flexible tubing with improved durability.
Another object or aspect of this invention is to provide an improved method of manufacturing a flexible tube for fine bubble aeration, typically maintaining oil-less fine bubble release in the top area of the tubing as it rests on or near the bottom of a body of water when in use.
Another object or aspect of this invention is to provide a method for coiling and/or storing a flexible tube for fine bubble aeration.
Another object or aspect is to reduce costs for running aeration systems to treat water and wastewater, preferably without using toxic materials such as lead, including during manufacture, installation or long-term use in water systems.
Other aspects, objects and advantages of the present invention, including the various features used in various combinations, will be understood from the following description according to preferred embodiments of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the drawings in which certain specific features are shown.
In accordance with the present invention, a flexible tubing for fine bubble aeration includes an air passageway defined by an upper portion with a larger profile or a widened profile such as a generally arcuate profile and a lower portion with a generally squared profile. The tubing typically is constructed of a substantially uniform mixture of plastics, polymers or rubber-like compounds and a high-density mineral to overcome buoyancy. For example, the rubber-like material may be highly filled vinyl compounds, PVC, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, or the like, and the high-density material may be barium sulfate or a similar safe dense mineral. Preferably, the mixture allows different lengths of tubing to be glued or fastened together, while the unique larger, widened or heavier lower portion assures proper alignment of the micro-slits when joining separate lengths of tubing.
The tubing is self-submerging due to the presence of the high-density material and is also self-orienting. There is more material bulk or mass in the lower portion than the upper portion, so the tubing is bottom-heavy and will align itself with the larger, widened or heavier lower portion pointing downward. Micro-slits are placed along the arcuate upper portion, so they will face upward after the tubing has oriented itself in a body of water.
Preferably, the tubing walls are relatively thick, with the upper arcuate portion being at least 0.15 inch (3.81 mm) thick and up to 1.50 inches (3.81 cm) thick. The performance of the micro-slits of the upper arcuate portion is enhanced by the thicker wall, which makes the slits more durable and resistant to deformation due to foreseeable use and abuse. The greater thickness also causes an increased pressure differential, typically a minimum internal pressure drop of 2 PSI, which prevents performance degradation in bodies of water having sloped or inclined bottom surfaces.
A method of manufacturing tubing according to the present invention may be accomplished on a single automated line, which processes the tubing from formation to coiling. A selected mixture of tubing material is added to a hopper, where the mixture is extruded into a tube shape and cured, typically by cooling and drying processes. Micro-slits are added, and the tubing is coiled onto a spool. Additional steps may include a marking process to visually identify an upright position of the tubing.
The slits are preferably precise, surgical cuts in a straight line along the upper portion of the tubing. The slits are formed without removing any material or leaving any burrs, and the generally rubber-like construction of the tubing imparts an elastic wall memory, so the micro-slits will close tightly when there is no air flowing through the tubing. Thus, the cuts act like check valves to protect themselves and the air passageway from the inflow of debris and settled solids. When combined with a thicker wall, the micro-slits perform even better as check valves and will snap shut after airflow is terminated.
The tubing is coiled about a spool such that the micro-slits and squared lower portion are each approximately 90° from the spool hub. Thus, there will be no arch along the length of the tubing, which will remain substantially flat, thereby preventing micro-slit deformation, involuntary roll-over, and other performance degradation. Any lateral curvature in the tubing is minimized by soft tension coiling, which reduces the risk of puckering or other deformation of the slits.
Additional performance and cost benefits of tubing according to the present invention are derived from its simplicity and unique power cost effectiveness. For example, the tubing can biologically convert unwanted wastes in the water into useful biota, carbon dioxide, and pure water with only 1-2% inert ash residual. Also, it is estimated that tubing according to the present invention reduces the costs of operating an associated blower/compressor of systems using this type of tubing to a range of about $0.01 to $0.02 per capita per day for lagoon treatment and to a range of about $0.04 to $0.08 per capita per day for activated sludge treatment.
The streamlined manufacturing and installation processes, along with the reduced operating costs, are estimated to substantially reduce activated sludge treatment costs. For example, for a small-to-medium sized community (500-10,000 people), such costs can be reduced from a $5-$10 per gallon range to a $1-$2 per gallon range. It will be appreciated that cost reductions are also realized during retrieval and inspection operations due to the durable design according to the present invention.
As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, which may be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention in virtually any appropriate manner.
Preferably, the tubing 10 is constructed of a substantially uniform mixture of plastics or rubber-like compounds and a high-density mineral to overcome buoyancy. For example, the rubber-like material may be highly filled vinyl compounds, PVC, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, or the like, and the high-density material may be barium sulfate or a similar safe heavy compound, material or mineral. In a specific embodiment, the tubing material is a blend of UV-resistant PVC polymers with plasticizers and barium sulfate resulting in a specific gravity of approximately 1.99 SG that ensures the tubing is non-buoyant in a water body. In another embodiment, the lower portion 14 is comprised of a material blend having a greater specific gravity than the upper portion 12 to encourage proper orientation during installation. The mixture of materials makes the tubing flexible, damage-resistant, UV-protected, heat- and cold-protected, and non-toxic. It is estimated that tubing according to the present invention is sufficiently durable to withstand turbulent and/or corrosive water conditions for 20 years without failure or significant performance degradation.
While tubing comprising a blend of a plastics, polymeric or rubber-like material combined with high-density mineral or material as described herein may be preferred, it will be seen from the following description that several aspects of the present invention may be practiced with tubing wholly comprised of a plastics, polymeric or rubber-like material. Of course, if the tubing is so provided, care should be taken to assure that the specific gravity is sufficient to render the tubing non-buoyant in a water body.
The tubing 10 includes an air passageway 20, through which air may be pumped through the tubing 10, typically by operation of blower and/or compressor equipment. As illustrated in
When no air is being pumped through the tubing 10, the slits 22 take on the closed condition of
By way of further illustration, the pipe dimension ratio or "DR" is a value established by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) to express the relative wall thickness, and hence the pressure rating, of a pipe or tube. The dimension ratio is equal to the outer diameter divided by the minimum wall thickness of the tubing, and the pressure rating increases as the dimension ratio decreases. For known flexible aeration tubing, the dimension ratio is typically in the range of approximately 10-11. For example, a known flexible aeration tubing has an outer diameter of 0.625 inch and a wall thickness of 0.060 inch, for a DR of 10.4. In contrast, tubing according to the present invention may have a dimension ratio of approximately 5 (for the above example of a tube having an upper wall thickness of approximately 0.50 inch and an air passageway diameter of approximately 1.50 inches, or an outer diameter of 2.50 inches) or less. Another embodiment has an outer diameter of 0.950 inch and a wall thickness of 0.250 inch, for a DR of 3.8.
In addition to enhancing the valving function of the micro-slits 22, the use of a thicker upper tube wall 28 provides numerous other advantages. For example, the tube 10 is more durable and will resist kinking or tearing or other deformation, which ensures the functioning of the micro-slits 22 as designed. This tubing 10 is stronger, more reliable, and less likely to collapse, crack or damage the air cuts 22. Thicker tube walls 28 also allow the tubing 10 to function in deeper water, e.g., at depths of between 33 feet and 100 feet (between about 10.06 m and 30.48 m), without collapsing. Also, the wall 28 compresses the bubbles before they are released into the surrounding environment.
By this feature, tubing according to the present invention is much more reliable than known tubing in terms of limiting the size of bubbles and preventing the "coning effect." The "coning effect" refers to a situation whereby bubbles larger than ⅛ inch (3.175 mm) slip through the orifices and fail to lift the surrounding water nearly as much as properly sized bubbles. In extreme cases, larger bubbles will lift 4-6 times less water than properly sized bubbles. This is as important as bubble contact time for transfer of oxygen into the water, because it is important to disperse the oxygen equally throughout the water body. Ultimately, this feature reduces the electrical power required for the bubble-formation system to maintain uniform dissolved oxygen all over the water column and not just above the diffuser. Over a 20-year time period, the electrical costs to run the associated blower/compressor usually is the single largest cost of aerating a body of water, so a reduction in power requirements without a reduction in performance is a major benefit.
Furthermore, a relatively large pressure differential is created between the air passageway 20 and the outside environment, which improves fluid dynamics and allows for a more uniform distribution of air and cleaning fluid, especially at a distal end of the tubing 10. Typically, the minimum internal pressure drop at the slits 22 is at least 2 PSI, which allows for a 4.6 foot (about 1.4 m) end-to-end height variation of an installed tube without a loss of air pattern. In one exemplary application, tubing according to the present invention allows for bubble uniformity of plus or minus 5-10% at every orifice for tubing lengths in the range of 250-500 feet (76.2 m-152.4 m), which is difficult or impossible to achieve with known tubing technology. Thus, the fluid dynamic properties of air flowing through thick-walled slits offers better control of the internal and external pressure differential and better control of uniform fine bubble release across long distances and non-level bottom diffusion areas. Thick-walled tubing also avoids the need to follow so-called soft-tension coiling or loose coiling of thin walled tubing often required to prevent puckering of the air-cuts.
Lengths of tubing 10 according to the present invention may be joined by an adhesive or glue, as illustrated in
In addition to joining separate lengths of tubing, adhesive may also be used to repair a rupture or tear in the tubing. Known flexible tubing is typically comprised of polyethylene, which must be repaired by special heat fusion or splicing tools. In contrast, tubing according to the present invention made of, for example, PVC may be repaired by drying the damaged area, priming any damaged air-cuts with primer, applying adhesive to the area, and allowing the adhesive to set. Thus, tubing according to the present invention may be repaired by non-specialists using easily-accessible materials.
Tubing according to the present invention may be manufactured using known methods. A suitable and usually preferred manufacture by an automated, one-stage production line 32 according to another aspect of the present invention is illustrated in
The production line 32 includes a hopper 34, a heated barrel 36, an extrusion die 38, a curing vessel 40, a cutting unit 42, and a coiling station 44. As can be seen, the tubing goes from raw material 46 to a coiled finished product 10 in one stage, thereby greatly reducing manufacturing time, manpower, cost, and waste over the processes used to manufacture tubing with a ballast wire. Stocking of only four basic diffusion tubes satisfies needs for most water treatment applications, thereby simplifying inventory control and reducing costs.
The first step of this illustrated approach is to place a mixture of raw tubing material 46 into the hopper 34. The tubing material 46 can be stored in pellet form and added in different percentages, depending on the intended use of the tubing. For example, there may be different pre-mixes for wastewater treatment installations, as opposed to lake and reservoir, fish farming and aquaculture, and ice melting installations. Special mixes can be made to order as well, depending on the unique needs of each body of water. It will be appreciated that tubing according to the present invention requires less storage space, because the raw materials can be completely stored in pellet form and no separate space is required for coils of ballast wire.
After the desired mixture 46 has been added to the hopper 34, the pellets are fed through a heated barrel 36 and forced through an extrusion die-block 38 having a profile or opening corresponding generally to the "D-shaped" profiles of
The tubing material forced through the die-block 38 is then fed through a curing vessel 40, where it is cooled and solidified. When the material has been sufficiently cured, it is passed through a cutting unit 42. As shown in
The cutting unit may include an ink-marking step before the slits are added to the tubing. The ink-marking step adds registration marks 48 to the arcuate portion 12 of the tubing 10 (
After the micro-slits have been added to the tubing 10, the tubing 10 is fed to a coiling station 44. The coiling station 44, in the orientation shown in
If the tubing 10 is instead wound such that the flat or widened bottom wall 18 is adjacent to the hub 52, as in
Additional features and components may be incorporated into the tubing without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, a secondary lumen or passageway 56 may be formed in the lower portion 14, preferably directly below the air passageway 20 (
In one embodiment, the secondary lumen 56 runs the length of the tubing 10 and has a diameter in the range of approximately 1/32- 1/20 inch (about 0.794 mm-1.27 mm) to allow air, gasses, and/or liquids to pass therethrough. The secondary lumen 56 may be used for any of a number of applications, such as carrying a fluid, for example air or another gas, to inflate a submerged flotation device (not illustrated) for retrieval of the tubing 10. In such an application, it is preferred for the secondary lumen 56 to be sealed from the air passageway 20 and the outside environment, as in
The tubing 10 of
In another application, the secondary lumen 56 includes a plurality of orifices 58 (
The tubing 10 may also be provided with a plurality of secondary lumens 56, as shown in
The tethers 60 are preferably comprised of a non-toxic, non-corrosive material that is stronger than the tubing material, such as stainless steel, and may have a diameter of approximately 0.0625 inch (1.5875 mm) for example. Other tether materials may also be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. If the tether material has a greater specific gravity than the tubing material, the tethers 60 will assist the lower portion 14 in properly orienting the tubing 10 within a water body. Accordingly, it may be preferred for the tethers 60 to be symmetrically arranged with respect to the width of the tubing 10, as illustrated in
The tethers 60 may be used for any of a number of applications, such as to secure the tubing 10 to a submerged anchor (such as a post with an eye-bolt) and prevent movement thereof under strong underwater flow or currents such as mechanical pumping operations, strong river currents or "washout" rain falls. The tethers 60 may also be gripped to reel in the tubing 10 for inspection or servicing. In one embodiment, the tethers 60 extend between one and four inches (between about 2.54 cm and 10.16 cm) beyond the ends of the tubing 10, but they may extend to a greater or lesser extent without departing from the scope of the present invention.
The use of secondary lumens and/or tethers may decrease the weight and/or effective specific gravity of the lower portion, so it may be preferred to provide tubing having a modified lower portion to ensure that the submerged tubing will properly orient itself. For example,
A "modified D-shaped" profile may also be practiced without secondary lumens or tethers and with a bottom portion height comparable to the bottom portion heights illustrated generally in
Therefore, it may be preferred to provide flexible tubing having a bottom wall at least approximately 50% wider than the width or outer diameter of the upper portion. In another embodiment, the tube has a "modified D-shaped" profile with a bottom wall approximately twice as wide as the width or outer diameter of the upper portion. Other embodiments have a bottom wall width suitable for the particular needs of the system, such as between about 150% and 200% and above of the upper portion width or diameter.
It will be appreciated that the secondary lumen and/or tethers may be initially manufactured to extend beyond the ends of the tubing or may instead be coextensive or somewhat shorter than the tubing, in which case the ends of the tubing may be trimmed or cut away to expose a portion of the secondary lumen and/or tethers. Therefore, the terms "proximal end" and "distal end," when referring to a tubing according to the embodiment of
It will be understood that the embodiments of the present invention which have been described are illustrative of some of the applications of the principles of the present invention. Numerous modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention, including those combinations of features that are individually disclosed or claimed herein.
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|Process to manufacture water aeration folded elongated rubber tube with extruded sections of different thickness and hardness and punched slits
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Air Diffusion Systems a John Hinde Company, "ADS' Product and Application Bulletin," circa 2002, Air Diffusion Systems a John Hinde Company.
|Air Diffusion Systems a John Hinde Company, "Stainless Steel Disk Aeration Module," circa 2002, Air Diffusion Systems a John Hinde Company.
|International Search Report for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2006/061295, dated Jun. 13, 2007.
|Machine translation of DE 19836291 A1.
|Machine translation of DE 4337091 A1.
|Machine translation of FR 1065060 A.
|Office Action from Instituto Mexicano de la Propiedad Industrial for Mexican Patent Appln. No. MX/a/2008/006791, dated Mar. 1, 2011, and partial translation.
|Office of Water, United States Environmental Protection Agency, "Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet Fine Bubble Aeration," Sep. 1999, EPA 832-F-99-065.
|Yuasa, Eric, "Untitled," circa 2003, Air Diffusion Systems a John Hinde Company.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 15, 2012
|Oct 2, 2012
|Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company
|Diverse bubble size generation
|May 2, 2013
|Jun 30, 2015
|Bubbleology Research International LLC
|Area bubble plume oil barriers
|May 6, 2013
|Jan 5, 2016
|John Hutton
|Air cloud particle suspension dredge
|Mar 15, 2012
|Jul 5, 2012
|Norris Michael W
|Diverse Bubble Size Generation
|May 6, 2013
|Nov 6, 2014
|John Hutton
|Air Cloud Particle Suspension Dredge
|Apr 9, 2014
|Oct 15, 2015
|Therapeutic Proteins International, LLC
|Aeration device for bioreactors
|U.S. Classification
|261/105, 261/124, 138/118
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 23, 2008
Owner name: AIR DIFFUSION SYSTEMS, A JOHN HINDE COMPANY, ILLIN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HINDE, JOHN N.;REEL/FRAME:020990/0695
Effective date: 20080519
|Sep 14, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


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Union's offense sputters against Fire
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Game 9: Philadelphia Union at Chicago Fire
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Having some level of control in recovery after alcoholism treatment can be helpful. One way to do this is to control the emotional strain is by ingesting carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates break down to form sugars, this triggering the release of serotonin – the hormone responsible for feelings of happiness and contentment. The body's craving is explained by the imbalance that comes with detoxing. The effect is heightened, the healthier and more complex the carbohydrates are.
A few examples of such food items are:
- Pasta
- Beans
- Whole Grains
- Brown rice
- Carrots and Corn
Approximately 30 grams is the recommended amount daily to keep the depression and bad feelings away. So go ahead, and snack a little.


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Consumer Electronics
Electronics Repair Questions? Ask an Electronics Technician
Hi. What may look like a simple operation may hide some technicality. Can you tell me a bit more about the two item you want to connect. Adding model numbers or any additional data will help. Also the reason you do it, did you lost the original power supply?


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Working from the farm to the roasters' door
We are a group of farmers and coffee-lovers dedicated to improving conditions in rural communities. We aim to accomplish this by improving cup quality and environmental responsibility; ensuring that farmers are fairly compensated for these aspects via transparent, direct trade.
Gaitania, Tolima, Colombia
Elver and his family are organic coffee growers in the San Pedro indigenous reserve and members of the indigenous association in the area formerly affected by armed conflict and currently by the social fallout.
Sevilla, Valle del Cauca
Aura Delia is the matriarch of a large family that their small farm supports in the San Antonio vereda of Sevilla, Valle del Cauca.
Gaitania, Tolima
Luz Mila is a tenacious and hard-working individual that lives on her small farm in a beautiful and secluded area near Gaitania, Tolima with her kids that work together to produce incredible coffee, food crops, and take care of each other.
Frank has been working intensively with specialty coffee since 2002. He is a specialist in postharvest processing, Q grader, SCAE Barista, roaster, and college professor. He is based in Pereira and leads all of our farmer support programs to help growers improve quality.
Karl got into coffee through the back door, as a rural economic development and international trade consultant and started DOT to fill a missing piece in the direct trade supply chain. He runs the business side of the organization from Bogotá including supply chain and business development.


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Tag Archives: london bombings
JAN Trust's Sajda Mughal OBE: Fighting extremism 11 years on after the London bombings
Tomorrow marks the 11th anniversary of the London bombings, a series of coordinated terrorist suicide bomb attacks in Central London that killed 52 people and injured many more. As we remember those who lost their lives, and those who were injured on … Continue reading
Posted in Campaign, Campaigning, Education, Extremism, Islam, Muslim, Radicalisaton, Terrorism Tagged 7/7, Anders Breivik, culture, deradicalisation; counter terrorism;, internet extremism, Islam, july 7 2005, Kings Cross; BAMER;, london bombings, Muslim Mothers, Pavlo Lapshyn;, Terror; Sajda Mughal; Muslim; Far right; Jo Cox; Ander Brevik;, terrorism, women
7/7 – The Day that shook Britain
By Sajda Mughal OBE, survivor from the Piccadilly tube bombing and Director of JAN Trust. A decade has now nearly passed since 7th July 2005 when four bombs were detonated in rush hour on the tubes and a bus in … Continue reading
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged 7/7, Extremism, germaine lindsay, ISIL, ISIS, july 7 2005, London, london bombings, london underground, Muslim Mothers, muslim youth, Online Radicalisation, Piccadilly line, radicalisation, survivor, terrorism, terrorist, tube


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Stars were on their silliest behavior this week but don't worry, we caught every moment on Instagram! From Kendall Jenner dancing with alien dudes, to Harry Styles getting dragged off stage from a One Direction concert, we've rounded up the week's silliest Instas!
Click through the gallery to see more of your fave stars and don't forget to vote for the pic you think is the silliest on the last slide of the gallery!
Vanessa Hudgens explains this silly pic all in one caption: "Bikes, overalls and interpretive dancing. Happy Monday." Way to kick off the silly pics of the week, V!


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~ Rev. Joe Cleveland
September 8: Ingathering Water Communion
Celebrating the start of our fellowship's liturgical year! Bring a small vial of water symbolic of a place or experience you had this summer. We'll pour these waters into a common bowl to symbolize our coming together for another year. We'll also formally recognize the start of Rev. Joe's interim ministry with us.
~ Rev. Joe Cleveland
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Please check back often
as the calendar is updated each week...and changes do occur.
Please note that unless otherwise indicated, worship will be led by UUFCM minister
Dawn Daniels.
Worship Theme


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Say the words "social media" and the first thing that comes to mind is Facebook not unless you are in China and in that case it will be Weibo. If "social media" was a strange phrase, try "Facebook" and surely bulbs will light up even in the far corners of the rice terraces.
If you're a start-up owner, let me say congratulations first for being so bold to take the less traveled Filipino path. And now that you have figured out the product you want to create, it's time to get to business and see how you can spread the word and sell to the Pinoys using social media.
5 Reasons Why Social Media is worth your time and effort
- High Volume of Pinoy Users
- Long Hours of Use via Multiple Devices
- Minimal Time & Effort Required to Set Up
- Easy & Affordable Maintenance
- Low Cost Market Targeting
1. High Volume of Pinoy Users
Our country might not be in the Top 10 Richest Countries in the World but you might be more hopeful of a brighter future to know that Philippines ranks 8th in the world for having the most Facebook users.
That's good news because that means you can reach ~30 million of the Pinoys just by Facebook. Isn't that awesome?
Although, identifying how much of this population is your target market and how to effectively and efficiently reach them is another story for another post.
Nescafe is one of the top brands that successfully uses Facebook to engage their customers. Their Philippine fan page has around 15 million fans and approximately 350,000 of their fans actively talk about their products. It is particularly endearing to see this multinational brand blending in the local scene as it posts messages in both English and Tagalog.
2. Long Hours of Use via Multiple Devices
Check your Facebook Wall and tell me you didn't notice how your friends have been updating the world about their lives from their waking moment which happened to be earlier than yours. Whether you like it or not you now know what they had for breakfast, morning merienda, lunch, afternoon merienda, dinner, and heck midnight snack. The only thing missing now is verifying if indeed they brushed their teeth. So I won't be surprised if the
average time of 5.4 hours a day on social media for 2013
is actually understated. The Telcos further promoted this addiction by offering their subscribers Facebook access even at "zero load" (0 phone credit).
Pinoys use their mobile phones in the morning to access social media. During working hours they use their office desktops if their companies have not restricted access. In the evenings is when they use their tablets.
3. Minimal Time & Effort Required to Set Up
What makes Facebook Fan Pages so attractive for start-ups is how easy it is to set up. Taking only 10 minutes if you already have your own personal Facebook account, or 25 if not, unlike a website which would be 3-months at the very least for a basic one.
Setting up your Startup's Facebook Fan page will not even cost you a dime nor require technical skills unlike putting up your own official website. Need tutorials on how to? Click here.
For starting a website, the basics require buying a domain name and hosting.
Finding a specialized team that could provide you with a solid online strategy, web design and development, and search engine optimization is worth the investment.
4. Easy & Affordable Maintenance
There are many aspects of the business that needs to be addressed either by you or your team. It is understandable that during your initial months or a year of operations, you might not have had the time and manpower to invest in building and maintaining your own official website. Resources might have been invested on product development, supply chain, initial human resource and business registration.
Let's look at one of my favorite Pinoy startups, Katipunan Craft Ale, a company so bold to challenge a long time monopoly armed with a promising product worthy of Pinoy Pride.
Busy with perfecting their brews to bring delight to the Manilenos, they were resourceful enough to buy a domain name that reflects their brand and set up a splash page that invites website visitors to their Facebook Page. Their Facebook Page acts as their main communication platform where they inform their customers where they can grab a bottle of their brew. Kudos to that!
That shouldn't end there. This year is a good time for them to further invest on their website to strengthen their brand.The boys started fermenting their website back in 2012. Some ideas they can do to attract visitors and enhance customer experience are to:
Add website pages that inform customers about your business'
- WHAT – your brews are made of and your business story and values
- WHY – your brews are worth buying, drinking, sharing (customer testimonials & media coverage)
- WHERE – to find your beer (restaurants & stores) including google map links for each
- HOW – customers and the media can contact you and how they can further enhance their experience of your product
Make the website responsive to multiple devices
so that visitors will have a pleasant experience whether they are using mobile phones, desktops, laptops, or tablets
Give incentives to them to tell families and friends about your craft beer
Renting at first when buying is still to expensive is a reasonable strategy. Facebook is a rented platform where in you are a tenant at the mercy of your landlord. As you scale up, you should dream on investing in your own home, or your high-traffic user-friendly website. In your website, you are the boss. Furthermore, a business with an awesome official website give a more professional and credible impression.
5. Low Cost Market Targeting
Uploading your video on Facebook entails no monetary costs. You can share your video to friends, networks, and fans for FREE. You can promote your video to your target market with a minimal investment of which depends on your product, audience type, and budget.
TV Commercial Costs
If Katipunan Craft advertised through ABSCBN and GMA, they would also paying for unnecessary TV exposure of viewers outside Metro Manila. Their beer is commercially sold in Metro Manila only at least at this time so it is a waste to spend on non-primary markets or regional viewers in this case. Facebook marketing gives us the ability to drill-down and target only your primary customers to make your peso work harder. TV and newspapers cannot offer that.
Actionable Insights
You've gone this far reading this post so you might as well do as recommended.
Build your start-up's online brand presence no matter how little time, money, technical skills, or resources you have as this will be helpful in growing your business.
- Start with the easy one, in this case, a Facebook Fan Page.
- Pick a domain name already that reflects your brand.
- Purchase this and leave it parked but only temporarily
- Do it right by finding a team to help you set this up
- Invest on building your own website to create a more professional image
Are you a startup owner, too? What is your experience in using social media? Are the business gains you're experiencing justify the time and effort of using social media?
That's it for now. Stay curious and experiment more!


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UN demands Israel cease demolitions of Palestinian homes
In 2011 Israel demolished 622 Palestinian homes in the West Bank. This is a dramatic rise and the demolitions displaced about 1,100 people many of them children.
A UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs report claims: "The current policy and practice of demolitions cause extensive human suffering and should end," Many more people remain under threat of demolition of their houses in the future.
For its part, Israel says it only demolishes structures that have been built without required permission. The problem is that Palestinians have difficulty getting building permits and rarely are able to get them.
On the 23rd of January bulldozers and troops arrived in the middle of the night in the village of Anata that is close to Jerusalem. 52 people were evicted from their homes which were then destroyed. Included in the destruction was a peace center that was destroyed for the fifth time since 1994. Again Israelis simply say that that destroyed homes lacked a building permit. For more see this article..


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Pros/cons of G10 today?
Started Jul 13, 2014 | Discussions thread
BobT • Forum Pro • Posts: 13,104
Pros/cons of G10 today?
Jul 13, 2014
What might be the pros and cons of the G10 in today's market. When this camera first came onto the scene, it was considered quite good/capable. Is it still considered good as compared to other Canon P&S cameras today? Is it worth $200 (LNIB) today?
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3/13 Stampin' Up! Afterthoughts
I saw a card by LeAnn Pugliese that I had to save to my favorites file. (My "bulging" favorites file!) I was inspired to see that LeAnn used the "negative" space from the flower die cut out to make her card so I decided to try it out, too.
I adhered the flower cut out to a medium weight window sheet. This allowed me create the illusion of a floating flower center. I used two designer series paper packs from the Occasions Mini. There's some lovely layering going on. You can probably tell that I was totally in the zone when I created this card. Everything came together for me in a manner of minutes. Love it when that happens!!
The inside panel carries over some of the designer series paper and the sentiment is layered over punches for a more dramatic look.
Stampin' Up! Supplies:
Stamps: Afterthoughts Level One Hostess Set (Wood Mount 118388, Clear Mount 120121)
Paper: Not Quite Navy (101722), Baja Breeze (111352), Very Vanilla (101650), First Editions DSP (121878), Botanical Gazette DSP (121783)
Ink: Not Quite Navy (103008)
Tools: Big Shot Machine (113439), Fun Flowers Die (121812), Scallop Squares Duo Die (120903), Bo Ho Blossoms Punch (119858), 2 1 3/8" Oval Punch (119859), Modern Label Punch (119849)
Accessories: Glimmer Brads Subtles (121004), Baja Breeze Seam Binding (122331)
Adhesives: Multipurpose Liquid Glue (110755), Stampin' Dimensionals (104430), SNAIL (104332), Mini Glue Dots (103683)
Sale-a-bration Details
Stamping to Share Events
Start You Own Business Stamping to Share
24/7 Shopping at my Stamping to Share Website
My Promotions - Scroll to the bottom to see my personal promotions!
Kay Kalthoff is a Stampin' Up! Demonstrator in Lino Lakes, Minnesota stamping, caring and sharing with customers and demonstrators locally and nationally!


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An economical and healthy way to perfect your look!Are you bored with stereotype hair style? Do you want to find an economical and healthy way to have a change? This 39.37 Inch Full Long Curly Cosplay Wig Henna will be your best selection, if you want to refresh your image. Following fashion, the wig allows you to stand out from the crowd and become the core of the party. In addition, buying a wig is more economical than doing hairdressing in a long term, because the wig can be used for several times in different occasions. Furthermore, it is good for your healthy. You will not worry about hair loss caused by dye and perm.
Select the right wigs to match different face shapes
|As its name implies, the Oval Shaped Face is longer than wide, with a jaw that′s narrower than the cheekbones. Because the oval shaped face has no dominant areas and is so proportional, this face looks good with just about any hairstyle, length or texture.
|The Round Shaped Face is characterized by a wide hairline and fullness below the cheekbones. The woman may be overweight and the neck may appear short. These faces look very good with a geometric or linear style. Add height, when possible, and long, wispy side areas to make the cheeks look narrow. Comb hair close to the head on the sides and at the nape.
|The Square Shaped Face is characterized by a wide hairline and jaw. Square shaped faces need height on top and narrowness at the sides. Comb the hair off the forehead to add height to the face. Curly texture and wisps of hair around the face break the wide, straight lines common to the square face.
|The Diamond Shaped Face is characterized by a narrow chin and forehead with wide cheekbones. Diamond shaped faces need narrow sides and fullness at the chin. Bobs work very well for this shape. Avoid wearing height on top or volume on the sides. Use some fringe or bangs to cover narrow forehead.
|The Heart Shaped Face is characterized by a wider forehead and a narrower chin. Bring some hair onto the forehead to disguise its width. Keep hair close to the head at the eyes, but make it slightly full around the jaw, and below and in front of the earlobes.
|The Pear Shaped Face is characterized by a small or narrow forehead and a rather large pouchy-appealing jaw line. Comb hair to add width from the eye level through the crown of the head. Set and comb hair close to the head on the sides and at the nape.
|The Oblong Shaped Face is characterized by a very long and narrow bone structure. The woman with an oblong facial shape often has a long, thin neck. Use a fringe or half-bang across the forehead by creating soft waves or curls in the crown and nape areas. This helps to create the illusion of an oval.
How to Put on a Wig
Attentions: Before you can put on your new wig, you need to make sure your real hair is out of the way. If your hair is long, separate the hair into two pieces, and twist. Cross the two pieces behind your head, and clip them across the top. Shorter hair can simply be combed and clipped to the crown of the head, or placed into a bun at the base of your neck.Use a wig cap on any type of hair length to hold it all in and ensure a smooth fit
Use method: Make sure that you are putting it on the right way with the front at the front. Find the center of wig of front, put it on the center of your forehead hairline, and hold the crown to pull it on toward back. Make sure the side pieces are very flat the temples and in front of the ears. Now that your wig is on, ask yourself how it looks. Are you happy with how it sits on your head? Is it comfortable and fashionable?
Cleaning the wig
Cleaning: First, comb through the wig gently to remove any tangles, then turn the wig inside out. Use specially formulated wig shampoo to clean the wig, following the instructions carefully. Generally, most wig shampoos will instruct you to add a capful of specifically formulated wig shampoo to cold water, and soak the wig for five minutes. After the appropriate amount of time has passed, swirl the wig gently for a few moments in the shampoo water, being careful not to rub the wig. Once done, rinse the wig thoroughly using a basin of clean water and lay it out on a towel, blotting softly to remove excess water
To create the curls with the fluffier effect, you can brush it down the curls with hand while shakingBrushing:
Curls include large curl and corn curl. The brushing way of corn curl is the same as long wig, and the looser tooth comb is better. Large curls, like Airy curl or Rome curl, are made with hands instead of combs. Twist the strands of hair down with your figures to get its curling degree backNote:
Shipped in a good air sealed package. Came in great condition. I will recommend , but also warn shipping for the wig took over a month. When someone needs the hair sooner. Which I was in very big need. I would recommend making sure one realizes it takes over a month. Sorry for a bad pic, but hospitals are not luxury hotels. Used again at home everyone complimented how well I looked and didn't know I was wearing a wig.
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Over the past years, I have developed some custom made heavy steel belts myself, but they were just for shoots, not for practical use. They are very heavy and unforgiving. Some of them are adjustable, others are very specific sizes. Last February, the cute little Jessica did a short test with one of these belts, remember this? Many members liked the idea of a Chastity Deal in a very heavy belt, but the unprotected steel is just too harsh...Read More
Melissa – heavy belt test
Davon – good slave
Sorry about the lack of updates with Davon, we have been going through a roller coaster ride of legal and emotional issues, as well as problems with her past relationships and employers. Looks like most of that is solved now and Davon will still be able to stay at my studio as a resident pet slave. Please don't email me anymore about slavery or setting bad examples. The agreement with Davon is fully mutual and she can ask to be...Read More
Casting Crystl
Time to add a few more Babes to my collection! I receive so many Casting applications, I don't even have enough time to invite everyone. Which doesn't really go well with my ultimate goal 'all girls should be in chastity all the time'. Maybe I need some Casting agents around the world to shoot all these aspiring Chastity Babes in metal gear! I made time for the incredibly stunning Crystl however. She is a world class...Read More
Shocked on the treadmill
Many of you have been requesting a new update in the Shock category. I admit, it has been a while, I don't really want to scare off potential Chastity Babes too much, but once in a while a Shock update is quite fun to do! Of course, one of the Babes I immediately think of when issuing a shock challenge is Yasmine. She has gone through so many electro play experiences already on this website, and she is stunningly gorgeous. She does...Read More
Natalia & Anahí – warrior shoot
The girls were staying in this beautiful villa on the gorgeous island of Madeira, all for free, in exchange for being in a chastity belt for the entire holiday. A great Deal, although Anahi was a bit afraid at first. Veteran Chastity Babe Natalia Forrest helped her through her initial fears though. And Anahi isn't really a stranger to chastity belts, she has been my studio assistant for about 18 months so she has seen a lot of girls...Read More
Natalia & Anahí – holiday compilation
Natalia Forrest really helped a lot in making Anahí feel better about being belted for a week. And that was a good thing, because Anahí's belt was tight! There was no way she would be able to touch herself, and she was a little upset about having to use the toilet in the belt. Natalia is a chastity belt veteran of course, she likes to get belted in exchange for expensive things, like free shopping or a holiday in the sun. Natalia...Read More
Natalia & Anahí – chastity holiday
Natalia Forrest just loves the sun! Even though she hates chastity belts, she will accept any Deal to fly off for a week of sun! She doesn't even care she will not be able to touch herself for a week, that's how much she loves to sunbathe! She always wants to take another girl though, to make her feel more comfortable and to have someone to chat to. Last time, she took the lovely Kayla Louise, remember this? This time we went to...Read More
Cobie at BoundCon!
Last weekend, many bondage and fetish enthusiasts gathered again in Munich for BoundCon, Europe's biggest fetish convention. Well, actually BoundCon is in May, this was just a second, smaller BoundCon held in the event's main hotel. It was the first time this small BoundCon was held like this, and we did not really know what to expect. But small doesn't mean less fun! This November BoundCon had a shopping area, an escape...Read More
Cobie – full chastity outdoors
It is amazing how easily Cobie can deal with being in chastity. Of course, she has got a lot of experience, wearing a chastity belt at home (usually FancySteel) and almost everywhere she goes. But still, I am always surprised when she visits me, spending 24/7 in a NeoSteel, only asking for the occasional toilet and hygiene break (supervised of course). Wouldn't it drive most girls crazy? I'm sure Cobie has her needs too! She...Read More
Cobie – huge chastity bra
You have been waiting for it! Cobie's Chastity Deal with the huge chastity bra! Cobie wanted to go outside in her NeoSteel, like she had done on her first few days of this stay in Holland. She just loves shopping!! But I had a little surprise waiting for her: I was going to add thigh bands and the dreaded chastity bra to her Deal! Cobie did not want to do this actually, she was very afraid she would look ridiculous, even with her...Read More
Cobie – a curse of cold steel
Cobie was back in Holland for a week to serve another Chastity Deal! I will go with her to BoundCon Munich next week to have some more chastity fun and promote the wear of protective devices to the public! So what did Cobie do in Holland this time? Well, she had a lot of work actually, and one of the things she did was filming custom videos for you! Here is one that was especially fun to do, in which Cobie finds a cursed magic scroll that...Read More
2 plugs – she made it!
slave Y380 made it! 24 hours with two plugs! It was not easy. In fact, she was so exhausted at the end, she could only speak German when she was doing a status report. English was too much effort at that point. But I am sure a majority of the members here understand German anyway. If not, just let me know, I am sure someone can cook up some subtitles. slave Y380 (which is OBEY spelled backwards in case you had not figured that one out) had...Read More
Double plugged outdoors
The very philosophical slave Y380 was locked in her double plugged chastity belt for 24 hours! Don't try this at home, at least not when you are trying this for the first time, it is much better to build it up and do a few hours at first. German slave Y380 has got a lot of experience with toys, both anal and vaginal, and she loves to wear plugs. During our walk outside, I interviewed her some more, and she said things like 'it...Read More
slave Y380 – 24 hour double plug
We have a lot of German visitors and members on this website, but we rarely get Chastity Babes from Germany. I wonder why that is? When slave Y380 emailed us, we were interested right away, because she wanted to be double plugged! She wanted to experience what it would feel like, to have 2 metal plugs locked inside you, unable to take them out without a key. She arrived and I started talking to this very interesting woman. She is a real...Read More
Britney – casting day fun
You will love watching Britney in full chastity on her Casting day. She is so cheerful, probably one of the most genuinely positive chastity babes ever! She truly did not mind her tight belt and bra, and she looks incredibly hot with her long legs and slender body, especially the thigh bands and her ass with the chain style belt is a very good combination! Don't miss Britney waiting around on her Casting day, doing her makeup,...Read More
Britney – confident casting
It's been a while since we had a UK girl come in for a Casting, but this girl was really insisting to be locked in chastity! I have never seen anyone who wanted to be belted this much! But read on… I found out why and how! Britney has an amazing body. AMAZING. Her legs are truly endless and she is super slender and graceful. She did not seem to mind the extremely tight chain style belt I locked on her. She was so confident I...Read More
A night in Latowski – unbelting
Tess Lyndon did not eat much for breakfast, I guess girls in chastity eat a lot less. It was like her mind was somewhere else. She was sliding down on her chair, pushing her labia through the belt. She was feeling the belt, adjusting it, walking to the kitchen and back… I don't know what was going on. Well, me being there with a video camera probably did not help. She finally retreated to her bed and without saying anything, she...Read More
A night in Latowski – rough sleep
This could be such a cool movie title: 'a night in Latowski'. Oh wait, it is a movie (kind of)! Check out this week's video of Tess Lyndon trying to sleep in a female Latowski chastity belt. She is probably the first girl in the world ever to try this! And you can see it here! Well, let's just say it wasn't easy. Tess did not get much sleep in her rigid lower body shell. The metal is pretty thin without any...Read More
A night in Latowski – belting
Many members have asked if I will do more updates with the Latowski female belt. I borrowed it from the Latowski company years ago, and did a number of tests with the beautiful body shell prototype. Remember for example the time when Dominika locked Jenni C in the Latowski? Or the fitting of the belt and bra by Natalia Forrest? Awesome material, and favorite updates of many members. The answer is clear: I only borrowed this unique prototype...Read More
Yvette Costeau – public bondage show
Yvette Costeau tied up on stage at a public convention wearing nothing but her chastity belt and her boots! I love this, mainly because it confronts a lot of unsuspecting people with the fact that she is wearing a chastity belt. Something most people usually don't think about, but it might trigger their fantasy, and some couples may have gone home that day with a little seed planted in their minds, ordering a female chastity belt...Read More
Yvette Costeau – preparation and focus
Yvette Costeau! I have been a fan of her since I can remember. She is the queen of bondage conventions, and her amazing skills in dealing with extremely tight bondage positions is unsurpassed. I have been fortunate enough to meet her, get to know her, and even lock her in chastity a few times. I even let her keep her chastity belt when I left Spain last year, only for her landlord to find out about it, and he made her wear it a lot. She...Read More
KittyDenied – mouth training
Chastity fans will already know about KittyDenied's exciting routines, she explained some of it when she was getting ready to go out. Her keyholder (named Sir) has decided that Kitty's mouth is what he will use most. This means her pussy can remain locked for longer periods of time, since it is not needed and will only distract Kitty from focussing on her oral service skills. But Kitty needed a lot of mouth training. She was a...Read More
Sophie – a task in chains
Yes, Sophie might be shy but she wasn't afraid to say it: she was bored. A 72-hour Chastity Deal is exciting to think about, but actually doing it involves many hours of just sitting around, eating, sleeping, and playing with your phone. Of course, this may not be so different from most people's lives nowadays, but Sophie is an active girl and she wants to make herself useful. I think that's a very good idea, and I should...Read More
Davon – locked gag
Poor Davon has good days and bad days, like every girl locked in steel. Of course, the very heavy collar does not help, but it is part of her Deal. And I love her in the heavy collar. I also love chaining her to the wall when I don't need her to be my studio assistant, so she can sleep in her little room that I decorated in Asian style. She does not even have to sleep in her cage anymore, because some of you protested against this...Read More


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Gain Control Of Your Panic Attacks With These Tips
June 19
Over the last few years, increasingly more individuals are trying acupuncture to reduce weight. Simply exactly what is acupuncture? How can acupuncture
assistance you lose weight?
Acupuncture is a branch of traditional
medicine (TCM) and has been around for about 5,000 years. It is the practice of inserting really thin needles to stimulate pathways or meridians in the body to alleviate many health problems and diseases especially to relieve pain from chronic disorders.
Conventional Chinese Medication practitioners or TCM physicians declare that acupuncture can help you to lose body fat by making you feel full and so will consume less. This curbs excess caloric consumption in the client relieved with acupuncture and is a fantastic assistance in the client's
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Acupuncture For Arthritis
weight reduction program.
Acupuncture treatment can likewise be used to raise your metabolic rate and assist you to burn more calories to speed up weight reduction. Some Chinese medicine practitioners say that acupuncture stimulates the production of a hormone called endorphins and this hormonal agent helps to reduce body lipid, fat and insulin levels in the blood stream hence less insulin is converted into body fat.
Acupuncture is not a miracle cure for weight problems. TCM doctors typically stress that to accomplish excellent weight-loss arises from your program and preserving your weight, acupuncture treatment alone is insufficient. To drop weight effectively and keep the fats off completely, acupuncture treatment need to be combined with healthy eating practices and routine exercises.
Before you begin your acupuncture treatment, your Chinese doctor will conduct a medical examination on you by inspecting your pulse and evaluation of your tongue to guarantee that you are suitable for acupuncture effective weight loss treatment. Since TCM is a holistic branch of health care and do not just particularly target the disorder or medical grievance, this is. An investigation into other reasons why a patient is obese is essential to resolve the problem holistically.
If you wish to slim down naturally and without drugs, why not attempt TCM acupuncture for your weight loss program?
How can acupuncture treatment assistance you lose weight?
TCM doctors often stress that to achieve good weight loss results from your program and maintaining your weight, acupuncture treatment alone is not enough. Prior to you begin your acupuncture treatment, your Chinese physician will conduct a medical evaluation on you by checking your pulse and assessment of your tongue to ensure that you are appropriate for acupuncture weight loss treatment.
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text: Research NewsGeophysical Briefing Magnetospheric Workings: AMPTE Draws a Blank See allHide authors and affiliations Science 28 Jun 1985:Vol. 228, Issue 4707, pp. 1519DOI: 10.1126/science.228.4707.1519 RICHARD A. KERRFind this author on Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for this author on this site Article Info & Metrics eLetters PDF This is a PDF-only article. The first page of the PDF of this article appears below.


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About simfreak90
Profile Information
Kingman, Arizona
Star Trek and Red Dwarf
Playing keyboard, drums and/or guitar
and of course SimCity
simfreak90 commented on mitsos's City Journal entry in DimlandThat's gotta be one of the coolest entries I've seen! Good job!
A Coal, Sir, If You Please
simfreak90 commented on SimCoug's City Journal entry in New SorGunToo cool! Railroads are my thing, so this made my day. Great update!
3rd Day getting big
simfreak90 commented on MrAngryBates's City Journal entry in East River Region (SC2013)At first I wasn't interested in SC2013. But I think you might have helped me reconsider... Nice city!
Whats your favorite radio station?
simfreak90 replied to Munchiez's topic in General Off-Topic101.1/100.7 KRRK- Classic Rock 97.1 The Point- also Classic Rock COMP 92.3- mix of old and new rock 98.9 "The Highway"- also a mixed station, mostly modern pop/rock AOL Radio's "Adult Rock" station- mixes a lot of genre's and time periods from the 60's to now
Mini Update (region in progress)
simfreak90 commented on sbh565's City Journal entry in Dover CountyVery nice! Looks like a place I'd live!
Mountain Rail Spiral (Take Two)
simfreak90 commented on Craig-Abcvs's City Journal entry in Auckland & Greater Region - IIYou're right, that is cool! This reminds me of a National Geographic article from a few years ago about the Canadian Pacific railroad. They had some pictures of spiral tunnels and mountain passes. Awesome railroad!
I don't have anything published before 1950, but my sister is a big fan of Billie Holiday. I do like, but don't own, a lot of 30's and 40's style blues. My grandma has some records from that period that she used to play a lot when I visited.
I have a varied collection of music on record, tape, CD and MP3 formats. Favorite genre- Classic rock from the late 60's to the 80's. Some grunge and alternative from 90's. Nothing much past the Mid 90's though. I also like electric blues- Eric Clapton and Stevie Ray Vaughan. Favorite artist- Either Led Zeppelin or Stevie Ray Vaughan, but they are both amazing. Favorite songs- "Ten Years Gone" and "The Rain Song" by Led Zeppelin, "Foolin'" by Def Leppard, "Hey Joe" and "Little Wing" by Jimi Hendrix and anything by Stevie Ray Vaughan Like I said, it is varied. I have Elvis Presley, Van Halen, Johnny Cash, Michael Jackson, The Clash, Weird Al, etc. Pretty much any type except rap.
What shoes are you wearing?
simfreak90 replied to ilikehotdogsalot's topic in General Off-TopicThis is what I'm wearing-
Black hands, white hands
simfreak90 commented on TekindusT's City Journal entry in Tenements & Rust: Ghetto StoriesWhat a sad place to live. But it sure makes for a good CJ!
"Classic" movies
simfreak90 replied to A Nonny Moose's topic in General Off-TopicAbout 70% of our movie library contains movies over 40 years old. Hitchcock, Bogart and Groucho are household names around here. Chaplin and the Marx Brother's make me laugh so hard! The movie I believe to be one of the greatest is To Kill a Mockingbird. The movie did great justice to the book and is one of my favorites. 2001: A Space Odyssey was also amazing and very thought provoking. Other Sci-fi's I like are Godzilla and The Day The Earth Stood Still. (Is the Wrath of Khan a "classic"?) The Good the Bad and The Ugly is my favorite western. Clint Eastwood is, as always, amazing, and Eli Wallach makes a very good "ugly". North by Northwest has some of the best drama and suspense in all of the Hitchcock collection, but The Man Who Knew Too Much is a close second for me. Other movies I love- Some Like it Hot, Charade, Monty Python and The search for The Holy Grail, Key Largo and The Far Country (just to name a few).
What's the worst injury you have ever had?
simfreak90 replied to nathanthemayor's topic in General Off-TopicI've had plenty of bloody injuries, but I never broke a bone in my life! I'll probably break one tomorrow because I said that. 1. I was 4 and had the bright idea to make a catapult trap for my sister. All I needed was a board, an old pot and 4 big rocks. I tested it myself! I got hit right in the middle of my forehead and bled all over! I didn't get any stitches though for some reason. 2. I was 4 (still) when I decided to put my fingers in the door jam while my sister was on the other side, not realizing what I was doing. She tried shutting the door 3 times until she realized my fingers were in the jam! I was so shocked I didn't even scream! 3. I was 8 and I was still afraid to ride a two wheeled bike. My 9 year old stepbrother helped me stay that way until I was 10. I was riding his HUGE mountain bike and I fell off. I didn't get hurt, so I jumped right back on and took off down the road, hit a rock, flipped over the handle bars and landed on my fingers. For 2 weeks I had blue and purple skin where it was nearly torn off, but they didn't break! 4. I was in the 3rd grade when a kid I knew thought it would be fun to play football with rocks. Of course, I was the one to get hurt. He kicked a rock right into the back of my head. I couldn't hear out of my left ear for a couple of hours and I stained 1/3 of my shirt with blood. I needed someone on each limb to hold me down until all of my 2 stitches were in. 5. Last summer I went out (barefoot) to turn on the pool filter and stepped (barefoot) on a rattlesnake. Luckily it was tired and only had the energy to rattle and crawl off under the wood pile. I called my dad to come shoot it, and In the process of moving wood to look for it stepped on a nail that went about 2 inches into my foot. It bled surprisingly little, but the rattle snake got shot 3 times before it died!


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We went for their wine tasting and ordered a platter to snack on. The food is very good and the wines are some of the nicest I have tasted in a while! The setting is beautiful, sitting under the trees in a courtyard. The staff...More
1 - 10 of 140 reviews
We went for their wine tasting and ordered a platter to snack on. The food is very good and the wines are some of the nicest I have tasted in a while! The setting is beautiful, sitting under the trees in a courtyard. The staff...More
I stayed in the Kendall Guest Cottage and was extremely disappointed with the experience. The garden had not been swept, bird droppings were all over the table. The furniture is cheap and old and the bed linen is not of a high quality. The toiletries...More
Nice wine estate with excellent wines and very good service. The restaurant served very good food and the service was nice and pleasant
Had breakfast here on 2 occasions. Both times food was excellent well presented, innovative, fresh and very tasty. Service was excellent with staff going the extra mile to help. Will definitely go back when in the area.
Excellent service and food with friendly accommodating staff allowing us to order food 20 minuets before the kitchens closing time and still serving quality of food
Well furnished cottages with under-floor heating in bathrooms. Fridge, kettle, tea and coffee. Complicated alarm system kept going off which was a nuisance. Restaurant at the gate for breakfast was good. Even the granola option was full of fruit and flavour.
We were welcomed with a warm fire at the wine tasting on a cold winter's day. We found their wine to be of very good quality. At the bistro, we enjoyed a very well presented meal which was delicious. The bistro is a small but...More
I highly recommend this winery for the experience. While tasting some excellent award winning wines, we enjoyed a South African picnic lunch in a pretty yard setting. The 'picnic' was outstanding, very high quality & enough food for a king - about 6 courses. We...More
Thank you so very much for your kind comments & review . We pride ourselves in offering our guests a great experience whilst visiting the Farm and we are delighted that we managed to achieve this with your recent visit . We hope to see...More
We had an excellent midday Picnic with 10 friends. Very well presented, tasty food, friendly staff. Very good price and the wine simply great (and very affordable). Only the kiddies picnic in a "plastic" bucket was not too impressive.More
Thank you very much for visiting us and taking time to send us your feedback . Glad you enjoyed the picnic & our wines , we will use this feedback to further improve our offering and customer experience here on the farm . Kind regards...More
Good winery. An interesting excursion with a charming lady guide. Ample tasting (personally I prefer their light white)
Thank you very much for taking time to give us some feedback . Glad you had an interesting visit . Hope to see you again soon at Allee Bleue . Kind regards Carol
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It was a ploy as brazen as it was ingenious.
A team of rogue traders from the U.S. teamed up with clever hackers and traders in Ukraine to break into the servers of major media firms. The plan was to steal soon-to-be announced reports of earnings and other business dealings connected to HP, Boeing, Ford, Bank of America, Home Depot and others, and make trades ahead of the news.
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Post hoc, ergo propter hoc – President Bartlett, West Wing
It is what it is, except that it isn't – Bill Murray, St. Vincent
For too long nomination contests to select the political party candidates to stand for election to the House of Commons have been the ignored, undemocratic underbelly of our political system. If we are serious about strengthening our democracy and citizen engagement, then we urgently require reforms not just to the electoral system and parliamentary structures, but also to the processes for selecting the candidates who will represent the various parties.
Nomination contests are very much controlled by the leader and their entourage, especially in so-called winnable ridings. Selecting the candidate to represent the party in the next general election too often becomes the party's equivalent of the Hunger Games – an amoral competition among insular elites courting favour with the leader.
The process of signing up new members and getting them out to vote in nomination contests is so ethically challenged and devoid of any genuine attempt to engage the broader electorate, that few Canadians pay any attention.
A vicious circle then sets in. Party insiders will acknowledge the shortcomings privately but, as long as the party leadership and elites continue to tolerate the situation and as long as a person's standing in the party depends on the strength of one's links to the leader's entourage, few will risk speaking publicly. Nomination contestants who point out what is going on 'behind the curtain' do so at their peril. Such whistle-blowers rightly fear being kicked to the sidelines permanently, their reputations abused and their motives maligned.
The time is overdue for serious reform.
Problems with the democratic legitimacy of the current nomination process:
- There is no accurate and complete membership list, administered and maintained by an arms-length neutral body, available fairly to all nomination contestants on a level playing field for the purposes of contact and canvassing prior to nomination voting day. In addition, when one nomination contestant controls the riding executive, that contestant can unfairly manipulate access to the membership list through such tactics as deliberately recording bad contact information, or delaying updating memberships until the last moment before the cut-off.
- The central party organization controls the cut-off date for new members eligible to vote. This enables the central organization to manipulate eligibility to vote in favour of a preferred contestant.
- There is no meaningful oversight of the party rules requiring personal payment for memberships, leading to significant vote-buying by deep-pocketed contestants. The advantage is held by the contestant who is able to collect the least-engaged, most malleable and vulnerable voters, together with the key community organizers prepared to get out the vote.
- Acceptable ID is often not required and enforced at the point of initially joining the party. When this is combined with insufficient official party verification and authentication of ID on the day of the vote, it has permitted ethically-challenged vouching involving false IDs to become widespread and entrenched as an acceptable means of gaining an advantage in the nomination contest.
- There is little or no effective and efficient outreach to or interaction with the riding electorate and potential voters during the nomination contest. Meet-the-contestant events are few and far between, and too often are scripted and choreographed to discourage free debate and meaningful exchange.
- There is little or no focus on issues and policies; a nomination contest is viewed more as sport not public service.
The following is a framework for serious reform that will introduce respect for democratic values and high ethical standards into the nomination process:
- Create a new membership registration mechanism that is fairly and efficiently administered by a central arms-length body in accordance with unimpeachable ethical standards. More generally, we must consider a significant role for a neutral body such as Elections Canada to better oversee the entire nomination process on behalf of all the political parties.
- Encourage the involvement of a much broader base of the riding electorate. This requires the elimination of unethical vote-buying and the undignified amassing of automaton voters. One approach is to permit people to sign up to vote without payment. But this will only work if we are able to perfect the process of obtaining satisfactory ID at the first point-of-contact, and maintain the continuity up to the day of voting.
- Limit all nomination campaigns to four to six weeks with a public and predictable schedule. This allows candidates to get into the race and, if they lose, return to their prior occupations as soon as possible. This would also eliminate the need for any special treatment for so-called star candidates for whom nominations are deliberately delayed to the last moment to minimize a break with their employment.
- Ensure the primary focus of nomination campaigns is on many in-person all-candidate forums/exchanges in local establishments. For example, events should be scheduled at least four evenings and two afternoons a week throughout the campaign, in popular venues like cafes or pubs, where people can sign up to vote. These forums/exchanges are the most effective test of local appeal and eventual competence in Parliament.
- Implement online voting, subject to a rigorous system to authenticate voters. This requires the process of joining the party to be much more rigorously administered by a credible arms-length body mentioned above, at which time personal ID, that will eventually be presented at the time of a vote, is assessed and determined to be acceptable.