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to think my Mil hates me /us?(70 Posts)
Someone has put a happy anniversary thing to Me and DP on the dreaded fb. It's lovely and lots of people have commented or what have you. The only significant person who has not is my mil (she has been on fb today btw). This is after I asked for help with my DP and said how worried about him I was. She replied it was basically our business. She is a nightmare, doesn't bother much, drinks etc but I've always tried to keep a relationship going for my kids. I've done nothing to be hated for, and I don't think my DP has. It's becoming a bit like that
Have you missed out the middle of the story? What were you worried about re your DP? Fwiw I don't think anyone should be judged on what they don't do on FB! Your mil might just not think it's an appropriate space for her up reply.
Well from the very little you have written I'd guess that she is a rather miserable character who maybe jealous of your family unit hence she begrudges your happy milestone events. This is a major conjecture though as you haven't really said much.
I assume there must be a backstory, because on the face of it she's the perfect MIL by refusing to get involved in your domestics.
I assume there must be a backstory, because on the face of it she's the perfect MIL by refusing to get involved in your domestics.
I am very sorry, I didn't mean to not provide enough info. There's loads of back story unfortunately. I thought if I mentioned this, well it may be I'm being paranoid because of the background iyswim?
My partner dropped out of uni, we met when he was a pub landlord. His parent's company had funded him and he had other perks like a ice school and medical insurance. They lived outside UK and typical expats. My mil has never worked in UK. My fil was lovely but passed away suddenly and horribly of an aneurysm in 2004. My Bil has only just left home, he is hearing impaired and 34. Always with mil, who has an amazing and lovely circle of friends who have always been like their family. I got pregnant fairly soon after meeting DP, circumstances were not ideal but my and his families helped out and we did it. In laws were cool, apart from she loved her wine and called. Me apparently randomly a bloody lazy cow. The men just shushed her. After fil died we go over if possible, but. I am suffering ptsd, workplace bullying and in the middle of a sexual assault case. I have to leave work so we can not afford travel. My parents keep helping even though they're retired and not well off. Mil visits rarely, citing time issues and doesn't interact with us in between. All this time I try to boost conversation, contact etc with kids. I found her difficult, and the drinking scary but just handled it politely and was a good girl.
We then had to move back to near my home town as my darling mum was diagnosed with cancer. Much stress, but basically after. Being warned not to I accepted my mils.offer to buy a house for us as an investment. So we sold our joint house, and moved into a house in names of DP and Mil. Since then things have gone really off. Visits from Mil are rare, as if I'd care but I wanted my kids to have Grannies! I She'll send a card often late for their birthday and buy premium bonds. Last Xmas there were no presents from her for the kids, which was strange. She had before, nothing was said, WTF? All this was suffer able but she didn't come to my mums funeral and she was in the UK. I think that is really out of order
I am currently not working due to mh issues, my mum died in October and I think actually I'm pretty good considering I had ptsd and depression to start with following a hideous 3 years. My DP works two jobs and we have 3 beautiful kids. DP is not easy, and what is scaring me most is that he reminds me of her and I am beginning to think they are both control freaks. He has just spent last hour arguing at me about the like issue. It sounds silly, but it's really obvious his mum is the only one who hasn't posted and it just highlights her behaviour publicly this time. sorry for typing errors
Just to add, she has no financial constraints and generally travels and visits friends to pass the time as well as being a member of many social groups and expat activities. She retired at 55.
You do sound like you have had a tough time.
But you maybe over focussing on this FB like question. I can't really comment on whether it was deliberately meant as a snub or whether it was just an oversight.
You know her better than us randoms on MN, but I can't really see from your longer post that she is a seriously bad MIL, a bit preoccupied with her own life possible and not willing or able to give you the emotional support you are missing from your own Mum.
She may not have the ability or skills to help you or be unwilling to help any more. However much you would like more from her, she sounds like she feels she does not want to become too involved, that is her choice. As she said it really is up to you and your DH to live your own lives together. it's tough sometimes but people can only give as much to support others as they may not be able to fix all your problems fo you.
I wouldn't publicly wish you happy anniversary if I knew you were having serious marital difficulties. I don;t see what she has done wrong at all.
You do know facebook doesn't put every post from every friend on your timeline don't you? So it's perfectly possible she hasn't seen it.
As for the other stuff, well I don't really know. Other than not getting the dc xmas presents it all sounds like hearsay and a bit chippy. I'm not sure what the problem is with premium bonds?
Hi op your post is a bit difficult to follow really.
Ignore fb! It's not real life or important it's just froth!
The most important relationship you have is with your dh and your little family unit. If that's strained then that's when you need to focus on that not your mil.
I am sorry for the difficulties in reading my post. I appreciate that fb is froth, tbh the funeral really upset me and this fb issue is just an indicator. When her dh died we flew straight out to help of course. I supported in any way I could. She was in this country and did not attend. When I messaged and asked for help, actually I begged her to speak to my DP as I was so worried(her son) just a text saying it was best we sorted it out. Since then nothing.
I am sorry OP but the FB thing is way way out of proportion, an hour arguing with your DP over his Mums actions on social media? Really?
I am so sorry about your Mum and the other problems but none of that is your MILs fault. By your own admission you weren't ever close, she sees her son working 2 jobs and supporting someone through grief and mental health issues and her empathy is likely only with him and not you - I am not saying that is right or that I agree but you seem to be very focused on her actions and how you think that she should be there for you during your troubles. Not sure why she would be, not all extended families operate like that
If he's a partner I'm guessing it's anniversary of first date/ shag/ day you met? Lots of people don't acknowledge that as a real anniversary so I wouldn't think twice.
The only thing that would worry me was that you sold a house and have a new one that isn't in your name. Was your share of the sale reinvested in this new house? As for getting upset over a non-comment on FB, that's because you have too much on your plate just now. Insignificant things become massive. Can you not try and live your life without thinking about mil too much? I'm sure you will be happier, she obviously doesn't fit the box that you think she should so there's no point in fretting about it.
With all do respect,as you've been through a lot, but from what you've put, at worst she just seems a bit distant and wrapped up in herself. If she does dislike you,she's not doing much to show it. And did she know your mum well? Your not close to her and your mum probably wasn't so it seems strange getting upset about her not going to the funeral.
Possible your partner is annoyed that you keep focusing on these small infractions his mum makes and that's why there was an arguement.
Take care of yourself op and stop focusing on her.
forget the Facebook issue
Does she think she has helped so much financially that the Christmas presents are "frothy"
My MIL is always late with the cards for everyone and has never actually bought and wrapped up a present herself for the children although has given me money
My MIL and mother don't know each other - have met twice in 25 years except for Christenings, etc., so I wouldn't expect either to attend funerals relating to the other side of the family - it would have been totally inappropriate if my mother had attended my fil's funeral
I can't see that she's doing that much wrong to be honest. I can see that you are having a difficult time and perhps that some counselling would help you come to terms with it. I feel a bit sorry for your DH doing two jobs and as I have a grown up son I think I might also feel worried for him if he was doing those sorts of hours and his wife had given up work.
I hope you get your problems sorted out soon.
I'm sorry but Reading your backstory I can't see what your mil has done really that's wrong. I think it's a case of what's the other side of the story.
Maybe I am not making myself clear. She ignores my DP too.
Hated is a strong word.
As for the other side of the story there is none. I have done my best to be friendly and welcoming to allow her to build a relationship with our children. I would hope that if a mum received a distress call about her son she would respond. She did not.
She declined to intervene in your marital problems. Thats normal enough. She bought you a house? Whadda cow.
So she's not a very hands on granny, she doesn't have to be. Maybe she finds it difficult to deal with you?
The fab thing is a complete none issue, I wouldn't acknowledge an unmarried couples anniversary (of what?)
What does concern me is that you have 3 kids and you live in a house which is not in your name and you are not married. Do you realise how vunerable you are OP?
FB, not fab
First up, YABU.
The fact that she didn't "like" a post on Facebook about you is NOT a public statement of her undying hatred for you. You are being melodramatic and childish to think that it is.
Secondly, from her perspective, you are hard work. The details of your problems may be genuine, sad and stressful for you, especially the devastating loss of your mother to cancer, but a mother who is looking out for her child might feel a bit concerned that they have had to put so very much effort and investment into getting their son up on his feet after dropping out of uni, and now he has had three children (you don't mention that you are married?) with a partner who isn't working due to mental health issues, and he is working two jobs to support his family... Well, it might be unreasonable of her, but I can see how she might be anxious about you. She has provided you with a HOUSE though, so while she might be concerned, she is not being unsupportive. Anything but!
Also, you want a heavily subsidised house AND Christmas presents under the tree? Seriously? My father is extremely generous to us (like INSANELY generous) but it would never enter his head to buy us presents. If I want a gift for myself or the children I email him, and either he'll get me the perfume I would like in duty free or let me use his credit card to buy something the children need. Yet my own batty MIL thinks that he is unnatural and selfish because he doesn't wrap up half a dozen toys for them for Christmas.
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The Nigerian Navy has intercepted two Sea Going Cotonou boats with 10 crew members, carrying 195 metric tonnes of suspected illegally refined Automotive Gas Oil (AGO).
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Avatar and Philosophy: Learning to See
272 pages
October 2014, Wiley-Blackwell
James Cameron's critically acclaimed movie Avatar
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Table of Contents
Acknowledgments: I See These People viii
Introduction: Time to Wake Up 1
George A. Dunn
Part I Seeing Eywa: "I'm With Her, Jake. She's Real!" 5
1 The Silence of Our Mother: Eywa as the Voice of Feminine Care
Ethics 7
George A. Dunn and Nicolas Michaud
2 "Eywa Will Provide": Pantheism, Christianity, and
the Value of Nature 19
Jason T. Eberl
3 The Tantra of Avatar 36
Asra Q. Nomani
Part II Seeing the Na'vi: "You Will Teach Him Our
Ways" 49
4 Learning to See the Na'vi 51
Stephanie Adair
5 It Doesn't Take an Avatar: How to Empathize with a
Blue-Skinned Alien 62
Andrew Terjesen
6 "I See You" through a Glass Darkly: Avatar and the
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Massimiliano Cappuccio
Part III Seeing Nature: "Try to See the Forest through Her Eyes" 87
7 Seeing the Na'vi Way: Respecting Life and Mind in All
Organisms 89
Kyle Burchett
8 They're Not Just Goddamn Trees: Hegel's Philosophy
of Nature and the Avatar of Spirit 104
James Lawler
9 "Everything Is Backwards Now": Avatar,
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Jeremy David Bendik-Keymer
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10 The Identity of Avatars and Na'vi Wisdom 127
Kevin S. Decker
11 "I Got This": Disability, Stigma, and Jake
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Ryan Smock
12 "See the World We Come From": Spiritual versus
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Dan Dinello
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Just War Theory 167
Joseph J. Foy
14 The Community and the Individual in Avatar 180
Dale Murray
15 Avatar and Colonialism 190
Nathan Eckstrand
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16 "All That Cheddar": Lessons in Business Ethics
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Matthew Brophy
17 "We Have an Indigenous Population of Humanoids Called
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Dennis Knepp
18 I See Animals: The Na'vi and Respect for Other
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Wayne Yuen
Part VII Seeing the Movie: "You Are Not Gonna Believe Where I Am" 239
19 The Digital Cabinet of Curiosities: Avatar and the
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Robert Furze and Pat Brereton
Notes on Contributors: Our Avatar Drivers 252
Index: My Last Video Log 258
Author Information
George A. Dunn is a Lecturer at the University of
Indianapolis and the Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang
University, China. A writer on pop culture and philosophy, Dunn is
the editor of Veronica Mars and Philosophy (Wiley, 2014) and
co-editor of Sons of Anarchy and Philosophy (Wiley, 2013),
The Hunger Games and Philosophy (Wiley, 2012), and True
Blood and Philosophy (Wiley, 2010).
William Irwin (series editor) is Professor of Philosophy at King's College. He originated the philosophy and popular culture genre of books as co-editor of the bestselling The Simpsons and Philosophy and has overseen titles including House and Philosophy, Batman and Philosophy, and South Park and Philosophy.


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The detection threshold (ΔR50) of resistive (R) loads is a function of the total background resistance (R0). Increased R0 increases the ΔR50, but the ratio ΔR50/R0 remains constant. The respiratory-related evoked potential (RREP) is elicited only by R loads greater than the cognitive detection threshold, ΔR50. We hypothesized that the RREP Nf, P1, and N1 peaks will be elicited only when the added load ΔR/R0 is greater than the normal detection threshold, ΔR50/R0 = 0.30. We also hypothesized that when the R0 is increased by adding extrinsic R, the RREP will not be elicited if the ΔR/R0 is less than the 0.30 ratio. RREPs were recorded with healthy volunteers (n = 20) respiring through a non-rebreathing valve. Three inspiratory R loads that spanned the ΔR50/R0 = 0.30 detection threshold were presented in two conditions: 1) no added R0 (R1 < 0.30, R2 > 0.30, R3 > 0.30); and 2) increased R0 = 13.3 cmH2O·l−1·s (R1 < 0.30, R2 < 0.30, R3 > 0.30). For the control R0, P1, Nf, and N1 peaks of the RREP were elicited by both R2 and R3, and not present with R1. The increased R0 decreased R2/R0 > 1.5 to R2/R0 < 0.15. With increased R0, the R1 and R2 loads did not elicit the RREP, but the Nf, P1, and N1 peaks were present for R3. These results demonstrate that the RREP is present if the ΔR is above the cognitive detection threshold, and the RREP is absent if the load is below the detection threshold. When the R0 is increased to make the ΔR/R0 less than the detection threshold, the ΔR no longer elicits the RREP.
- load detection threshold
- respiratory sensation
- evoked potentials
breathing against extrinsic inspiratory resistive loads increases the total inspiratory mechanical load to breathing and elicits the respiratory-related evoked potential (RREP; 13, 14). The RREP is mediated by afferent projections from respiratory mechanoreceptors to the cerebral cortex (3, 4, 6, 8, 18). The RREP can be elicited by inspiratory resistive (R) loads, is a measure of cortical neural activity, and is correlated with respiratory load sensory processing in both humans (3, 6, 9, 12, 25) and animals (2, 5, 8). A series of short-latency RREP peaks, P1, N1, and Nf, was recorded by applying inspiratory resistive loads (3, 6, 9, 13, 14). The P1 and N1 peaks were recorded from electrodes overlying the somatosensory cortex, and the Nf peak was recorded over the frontal region of the cortex (6, 9, 11, 16, 25). The short-latency components of the RREP reflect cortical neural activity activated by respiratory afferent pathways (3, 4, 6, 16), and the RREP peak amplitudes vary with the magnitude of the resistive loads (1, 9, 13, 14). A threshold for activation of cortical neural activity by inspiratory resistive loads has been reported for the RREP (1, 9). A relationship between the amplitude of the P1, Nf, N1, and P300 peaks of the RREP and the perceived magnitude of inspiratory resistive loads has been reported (9, 13, 14). For inspiratory resistive loads that are above the cognitive detection threshold, it was reported that the RREP peak amplitudes were proportional to the magnitude of the resistive load and a function of the perceived magnitude of the load (9, 13, 14). Thus there is a R load threshold for eliciting the RREP, the amplitudes of the RREP peaks are correlated with the added R load magnitudes (ΔR magnitude), and the RREP peak amplitude is correlated with the cognitive magnitude estimation of the load. Control breathing and R loads that are below the cognitive detection threshold do not elicit the RREP (2, 9, 13, 14, 18, 19). There is a direct relationship between the threshold for eliciting the P1, Nf, and N1 peaks of the RREP and the detection threshold of added loads (1, 9, 17). The fundamental question raised by these results is that the RREP is not elicited with loads below the detection threshold, yet the RREP is elicited by loads that exceed the R detection threshold; thus, can a change in the background R equivalent to the R that changes the R load cognitive threshold cause a corresponding change in the R load threshold for eliciting the RREP? Further, can increasing the background R eliminate and/or modulate the R load elicited RREP?
Inspiratory resistive load detection is a complex chain of neural events that requires the central neural cognitive processing of afferent information from mechanoreceptors in the respiratory system. There is a threshold for eliciting both the neural and perceptual events mediating cognitive load detection (1, 9, 17, 20, 21, 23, 26). The cognitive detection threshold for R loads is dependent on the background resistance (R0) of the subject's airways and the breathing apparatus. The detection threshold is defined as the added load that can be detected for 50% of its presentations (ΔR50). Addition of an increased background resistance is known to increase the ΔR50 (20). Wiley and Zechman (20) were the first to report variable ΔR50 thresholds, but the detection threshold was a constant ratio with the background resistance, ΔR50/R0 ≈ 0.3. This relationship was constant in the presence of elevated intrinsic and extrinsic background resistance (20). This means with low background R0 a ΔR can be detected, but the load is no longer detected if the R0 is increased to make the ΔR/R0 less than the detection threshold ratio of about 0.3. The threshold for cognitive load detection modulated by the background mechanical status of the subject suggests that the background load modulates the underlying sensory neural systems mediating resistive load detection (17). Based on the questions raised by these previous studies, if the RREP is only elicited with R loads above the detection threshold, then we reasoned that increased R0 would have a similar effect on the ΔR eliciting the RREP; i.e., if the increased R0 abolished load detection, the increased R0 would also abolish the RREP. We therefore hypothesized that a detectable ΔR (ΔR50/R0 > 0.3) in the absence of an increased extrinsic background R will elicit the RREP; however, if the extrinsic background R is increased to make this ΔR below the detection threshold (ΔR50/R0 < 0.3), the RREP will not be elicited.
Twenty subjects (10 men, 10 women, average age = 25.8 yr) with no history of cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, smoking, or current major illness participated in the study. The Institutional Review Board of the University of Florida reviewed and approved the protocols used in this study. All subjects were informed of the nature of the study before starting the experiment, and written consent was obtained.
Pulmonary function testing.
All subjects performed pulmonary function testing in the sitting position. Standard instructions according to American Thoracic Society Standards for spirometry testing were given to each subject. All subjects performed a forced vital capacity maneuver. Each test was repeated 2–4 times with at least a 1-min rest between each repetition. All subjects had a forced vital capacity and forced expired volume in 1 s greater than 80% predicted. Background resistance was measured using the forced oscillation method (Jaeger Toennies, Medizintechnikmit System, version 4.5). The test was repeated at least three times for each subject with a 1-min rest between repetitions. The average of three measures was used as the subject's intrinsic resistance.
The subjects were seated comfortably in a lounge chair in a sound-isolated chamber, separated from the experimenter and experimental apparatus. A standard set of instructions were presented to the subjects to inform them of their task. The subjects respired through a mouthpiece and nonrebreathing valve (Hans Rudolph, 2600 series, Kansas City, MO) connected to a loading manifold. The loading manifold was hidden from the subject's view and connected to a pneumotachograph (Hans Rudolph, model 4813) by reinforced tubing connected to the inspiratory port of the nonrebreathing valve. The resistive loads were sintered bronze disks placed in series in the loading manifold (13) and separated by stoppered ports. Mouth pressure (Pm) was recorded from a port in the center of the nonrebreathing valve. The Pm was displayed on an oscilloscope in front of the experimenter for timing the load applications.
An electrode cap with integral electrodes (NeuroScan) was used to record scalp EEG activity. The electrode positions were based on the International 10–20 System. The cap was placed on the subject's head, positioned, and secured with a strap. Scalp and electrode contact was made by the application of electroconducting paste administered through the center opening in the electrode. EEG activity was analyzed from F3, F4, CZ, C3′, and C4′. The impedance levels for each electrode were checked and maintained below 5 kΩ. The electrode cap was then connected to an EEG system (model 12, Grass Instruments, Quincy, MA). The EEG activities were referenced to the joined earlobes. Two electrodes were placed over the lateral edge of the eye for recording vertical electrooculograms. Any load presentation that occurred with an eyeblink was discarded. The EEG signals were band-pass filtered (0.3 Hz–1 kHz), amplified, and sampled (2 kHz) for computer analysis. The EEG activities were led into a signal averaging computer system (Signal 2, Cambridge Electronic Design, model 1401).
The subjects wore a nose clip and breathed through a mouthpiece connected to the nonrebreathing valve and loading apparatus. All subjects were instructed to relax all postural and facial muscles. The subjects initially inspired through the minimum resistance port of the loading manifold (13). The occlusion valve was connected to the opening of this minimum resistance (Rmin) port. The Rmin of the apparatus was 1.6 cmH2O·l−1·s. When a resistance was presented, the stopper for that added resistance port was removed. The inspiratory load was presented by silently inflating the occlusion valve after the onset of the inspiratory airflow. Activation of the occlusion valve closed this Rmin port and channeled the inspired air through one of the three manifold resistance ports. The subjects inspired for ∼500 ms through the increased resistance. The inspiratory resistive load was presented as an interruption of inspiration. The occlusion trigger control device provided an electrical output that was used to initiate data sample collection by the computer. Each load was separated by 2–6 unloaded breaths. Previous results (7, 9, 10, 20, 22, 24) reported that the ΔR50 for resistive loads in healthy subjects with no background load is about 1–2 cmH2O·l−1·s, and the ratio of ΔR50 to the background R0 is ∼0.3 (9, 20, 21). Based on this information and our previous results (9), one resistive load below the ΔR50/R0 ≈ 0.3 detection threshold ratio (R1 = 0.2 cmH2O·l−1·s, R1/R0 < 0.1) and two resistive loads that exceeded the detection threshold ratio were used for eliciting the evoked potentials (R2 = 3.8 cmH2O·l−1·s, R2/R0 > 1.5; R3 = 23.3 cmH2O·l−1·s, R3/R0 > 4.0).
There were two experimental trials: 1) control, without elevated background R0; and 2) with an elevated background R0 = 13.3 cmH2O·l−1·s. The order of the two experimental trials was randomized for each subject. Each experimental trial was divided into two sets of load presentations. Each set was separated by a rest period off the breathing apparatus. The order of the presentation of the three resistive loads was presented in a randomized block design to minimize temporal, order, and sequence effects similar to our previous studies (9, 13, 14). Each set consisted of 120 presentations. Each set of 120 presentations was divided into 24 blocks. Each block had five presentations of an individual load magnitude. Ordering of the different presentation blocks was randomized, with the restriction that each successive set of three blocks contained only one block of each resistive load magnitude. Over the set of 120 presentations, each load magnitude was presented in eight blocks, resulting in 40 total presentations of each load magnitude per set. For each trial, the two sets resulted in each load magnitude presented 80 times. The randomization was independently drawn for each set of 120 presentations and for each subject. For 5 of the 20 subjects, an additional experiment was performed with inspiratory occlusion replacing R3.
In the control, no background trial, the subject respired through the Rmin port, and the background resistance was the subject's intrinsic resistance plus the minimum resistance of the inspiratory circuit. For the experimental trial with increased background resistance (R0′), a 13.3 cmH2O·l−1·s resistance was placed in series with the inspiratory loading manifold and reinforced tubing. The background resistance was in the inspiratory circuit for all breaths. This background resistance decreased the ΔR/R0′ ratio, making the R1 and R2 loads below the ΔR50/R0′ ≈ 0.3 detection threshold ratio (R1 = 0.2 cmH2O·l−1·s, R1/R0′ < 0.05; R2 = 3.8 cmH2O·l−1·s, R2/R0′ < 0.15), while the R3 load remained above the detection threshold ratio (R3 = 23.3 cmH2O·l−1·s, R3/R0′ > 1.0). The subject was allowed 5 min to respire with the increased background R0 before the first set of 120 resistive load presentations was administered as described above. The subject was then allowed 5 min rest off the breathing apparatus. The subject then returned to breathing against the increased R0′, and the second set of 120 resistive load presentations was administered. The two experimental trials were presented in the same day for each subject.
Data analysis.
The Pm and EEG activities for each load presentation were digitized and stored on the computer for subsequent signal averaging (Signal 2, Cambridge Electronics Design). Each resistive load magnitude was averaged separately as described previously (9, 13). The data analysis was performed for each load magnitude and the two trials.
Individual subject responses were used for RREP peak component identification, amplitude, and latency analyses (6, 9, 16). Baseline-to-peak amplitude values were determined separately for each peak. Peak amplitudes were correlated with the resistive load magnitudes. The Nf peak is the negative peak recorded over the frontal cortex (F3, F4), occurring within 25–40 ms. The P1 peak is the positive potential recorded over the somatosensory cortex (C3′, C4′), occurring within a 40- to 70-ms time window. The N1 peak is the more broadly distributed negative potential recorded over the vertex (CZ) and surrounding electrode sites (C3′ and C4′), occurring within 80–120 ms. The latencies and amplitudes of the RREP peaks (Nf, P1, and N1) were compared using one-way repeated-measures ANOVA. The repeated measures post hoc analysis was performed with orthogonal and Tukey contrasts for comparing RREP peak amplitudes and latencies for load magnitude within each R0 condition and between R0 conditions. The R3 was the only load magnitude that could be compared between R0 conditions because the R1 and R2 did not elicit a RREP with increased R0′. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
The background resistance, intrinsic resistance of the subject, and Rmin of the apparatus with no background load in the no background experimental trial was an average for all subjects of R0 = 4.8 cmH2O·l−1·s. With the 13.3 cmH2O·l−1·s increased extrinsic background resistance, the total background resistance increased to a group average of R0′ = 16.4 cmH2O·l−1·s (increased background resistance condition). The R1/R0 with no background resistance and R1/R0′ with increased background resistance were 0.042 and 0.012, respectively. The R2/R0 with no background resistance and R2/R0′ with increased background resistance were 1.9 and 0.1, respectively. The R3/R0 with no background resistance and R3/R0′ with increased background resistance were 4.8 and 1.4, respectively. Pm increased with increasing load magnitude under both conditions (Figs. 1 and 2C). The increased background load caused a more negative Pm preload application for all 3 loads (Fig. 1C).
Nf peak.
The Nf peak of the RREP was elicited by R2 and R3 loads and recorded in the F3 and F4 electrodes in all subjects with no background resistance (Fig. 1A). The Nf peak amplitude for R3 was significantly greater than for R2 (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences for the Nf peak latency between the R2 and R3 loads (Table 1). In the increased R0′ condition, the Nf peak of the RREP was only elicited by the R3 load (Fig. 1A). The Nf peak amplitude of the RREP with R3 load in no background resistance was significantly greater than with increased R0′ (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences for the Nf peak latency with the R3 load between no background resistance and increased R0′ (Table 1). Inspiratory occlusion elicited the Nf peak in both conditions, and there was no significant difference in Nf peak amplitude or latency (Table 1).
P1 peak.
The P1 peak of the RREP was recorded from the C3′ and C4′ electrode with R2 and R3 loads in all subjects during no background R (Fig. 1B). The P1 peak amplitude for R3 was significantly greater than for R2 (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences for the P1 peak latencies between the R2 and R3 loads (Table 1). In the increased R0′ condition, the P1 peak of the RREP was only elicited by the R3 load (Fig. 1B) and inspiratory occlusion. The R3 P1 peak amplitude during increased R0′ breathing was nonsignificantly less than the R3 P1 peak amplitude with no background R. There were no significant differences for the P1 peak latency of the RREP with R3 load between the no background resistance and increased R0′ (Table 1). Inspiratory occlusion elicited the P1 peak in both conditions, and there was no significant difference in P1 peak amplitude or latency (Table 1).
N1 peak.
The N1 peak of the RREP was elicited by R2 and R3 loads and recorded at the CZ, C3′, and C4′ electrode sites in all subjects during no background R breathing (Fig. 1B). The N1 peak amplitude for R3 was not significantly greater than for R2. There were no significant differences for the N1 peak latency between the R2 and R3 loads (Table 1). In the increased R0′ condition, N1 peak of the RREP was elicited only by the R3 load (Fig. 1B) and inspiratory occlusion. The R3 N1 peak amplitude during increased R0′ breathing was not significantly different than the R3 N1 peak amplitude with no background R. There were no significant differences for the N1 peak latency of the RREP with R3 load between the no background R and increased R0′ (Table 1). Inspiratory occlusion elicited the N1 peak in both conditions, and there was no significant difference in N1 peak amplitude or latency (Table 1).
Under control breathing conditions, the RREP peaks Nf, P1, and N1 were present with resistive load magnitudes (R2 and R3) above the normal cognitive detection threshold, ΔR50/R0 ≈ 0.3 (9), and were not present with the subthreshold R1 load (9). For the increased R0′ trials, the Nf, P1, and N1 peaks of the RREP were not elicited by R1 and R2 loads, which were below the ΔR50/R0 ≈ 0.3 detection threshold ratio (9, 20, 26). However, during increased R0′ breathing the RREP was elicited by the R3 load and inspiratory occlusion, which remained above the ΔR50/R0 ≈ 0.3 detection threshold ratio. These results address the fundamental question on the relationship between the load magnitude required to elicit the RREP and modulation of the threshold for cognitive detection of added extrinsic R loads. The significance of these results is the demonstration that the RREP can be abolished if the background conditions inhibit load detection. The results further support the direct relationship between the Nf, P1, and N1 peaks of the RREP and the cognitive detectability of R loads. In addition, these results demonstrated that the threshold for detection is a function of background ventilatory state and is directly related to the threshold for the neural activity mediating cognitive awareness of the load.
The detection of an inspiratory load as a function of the background resistance has been well established (9, 20, 22, 26). The relationship between the magnitude of an added stimulus required to produce a just-noticeable difference in sensation and the background level of the stimulus has been shown to be a constant fraction in normal subjects and patients (9, 20, 22, 26). If the background stimulus is increased, a greater added stimulus is required to produce a just-noticeable difference in sensation (detection). This means that a greater change in mechanical stimulation is required to elicit the sensory neural activity mediating load detection. Increasing the R0 changes the threshold for cognitive awareness of a transiently increased resistive load and suggests that this is due to the effect the increased R0 on load-related central neural afferent processing.
The ratio of the R0 for detection of R load 50% of the time, ΔR50/R0, has been reported to be ∼0.3 (9, 20, 26). This means the R load magnitude of the detection threshold ΔR50 is 30% of the total background resistance, R0. When an R load is less than 30% of R0, the load was seldom detected (9, 20, 26), and the RREP was not observed (1, 9). In the present study with no added background resistance, the R1 load was less than 30% of R0 for all subjects, therefore below the detection threshold (9). The R1 load did not elicit any of the peaks of the RREP, similar to our previous report (9). However, the R2 and R3 load magnitudes were greater than 30% of the R0 for these subjects, therefore above the detection threshold ratio. Consistent with our previous report (9), the RREP was observed with both these loads. In addition, with control background R0 there was a significant relationship between R load magnitude above the detection threshold ratio and RREP peak amplitudes, again consistent with previous reports on the relationship between RREP peak amplitude and R load magnitude (9, 13, 14, 19). The somatosensory P1 peak amplitude increased with increasing R load above the detection threshold (Fig. 2). The frontal Nf peak amplitude similarly increased with increasing detectable R load, as did the N1 peak. These results are consistent with previous studies that there is a R load threshold for eliciting the RREP, which suggests that the threshold of the RREP is correlated with the detection threshold (9), and when the load exceeds the detection threshold, there is a direct relationship between RREP peak amplitude and R load magnitude (9, 13, 14, 19).
Wiley and Zechman (20) originally reported that subjects with an elevated background R0′ required a greater added R load for detection to occur. However, the ratio of the ΔR50 to the R0′ remained ∼0.3. In the present study, an increased extrinsic background R load was added to produce a total R0′, making the R2/R0′ ratio less than 0.3, i.e., below the ΔR50/R0 detection threshold. The detectable R2 was made undetectable by the increased R0′, and the R2/R0′ ratio was less than 0.15, well below the ΔR50/R0 detection threshold (9, 20, 26). Making the R2 below the detection threshold caused the R2 to no longer elicit the RREP. The RREP could be elicited with the elevated R0′ if the added load (R3 and occlusion) was above the detection threshold (R3/R0′ > 0.3). This means that the RREP can be elicited by a suprathreshold R load or occlusion, but the increased R0′ forced the R2 below the detection threshold ratio and below the R threshold for eliciting the RREP. These results support the hypothesis that the threshold for eliciting the RREP is directly correlated with the cognitive detection threshold for eliciting the RREP. In addition, these results demonstrated that changing the background ventilatory state (increased R0′) alters the RREP threshold (Fig. 2). These results further support the hypothesis that the RREP is a neural correlate of central respiratory sensory information processing directly related to cognitive load detection.
The relationship between the RREP peak amplitude and the resistive load magnitude indicates that the relative afferent activation of the cortex (the RREP peak amplitude) is also changed by increasing the background resistance. Adding the background R0′ decreased the RREP peak amplitudes elicited by the load that remained detectable (R3). Variation in RREP amplitudes suggests that neural activity in the cerebral cortex is modulated by background ventilatory state (increased R0′) through sensory information projecting to the cerebral cortex (17).
These results support the sensory neural processing mechanisms (9, 17) proposed to explain cortical activation by respiratory afferent information. If there is a change in the respiratory-related sensory information in response to disruptions of breathing, such as inspiratory resistive load application, cortical neural activity will be elicited in the cerebral cortex and the respiratory information will be perceived (17). Respiratory sensory information does not normally activate cognitive cortical neural regions (referred to as gated-out) during eupneic breathing (17). Inspiratory loads change the mechanosensory neural activity, and if this change in neural activity is of sufficient magnitude, respiratory mechanosensory afferent activity is passed into cognitive centers by subcortical neural mechanisms (17), which can then lead to conscious awareness of a change in breathing (15). In the present study, the Nf, P1, and N1 peaks of the RREP were not present with the increased R0′ for R1 and R2 loads because the ΔR was below the ΔR50/R0′ detection threshold ratio. If the background load had been presented as a transient increase in resistance, the 13.3 cmH2O·l−1·s load magnitude would have elicited the RREP (9). Yet steady-state breathing against this load magnitude did not elicit a RREP, and the subject verbally reported little awareness of the increased R0′ background. The fact that the RREP was not present with steady-state increased R0′ suggests central neural accommodation to the elevated R0′, and inspiratory R load information was not passed through to the cortical cognitive centers during the R0′ background ventilatory state. Hence, as proposed previously (17), respiratory afferent information could be passed through subcortical neural systems to the cognitive cortical regions only if the added transient stimulus is above the detection threshold (referred to as gated-in). Thus a subcortical threshold mechanism has been hypothesized to gate-in or gate-out the respiratory afferent input to higher brain centers (17). However, the neural mechanisms that subserve respiratory sensory information processing remain unknown.
In summary, the present study demonstrated that activation of cortical neural activity was correlated with the perceptual processing of resistive load information. The inspiratory load threshold for eliciting the RREP was increased by the increased background resistance. If the resistive load was greater than ΔR/R0 ≈ 0.30, the RREP was present. If the load was less than ΔR/R ≈ 0.30 or became less with increased background R0′ load, the RREP was not present. These results demonstrate that the RREP response can be changed by increasing the background R0′ load coincident with a shift in the detection threshold. Further, increasing the R0 to make a load subthreshold for detection, causes that load to be below the central neural threshold for eliciting the RREP.
This project was supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Grant HL-47892.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
- Copyright © 2007 the American Physiological Society


text:
From: email@example.com
Date: Sun Sep 04 2005 - 09:25:34 EDT
Papers from the conference held in July in Mexico can be downloaded at: http://www.azc.uam.mx/socialesyhumanidades/06/departamentos/economia/Inicio.htm There are currently sixteen papers that can be downloaded at this site in English and/or Spanish. Among the papers are quite a few by OPE-L listmembers, including contributions by Tony S, Riccardo, Geert, Chris, Alejandro, Fred, and Abelardo. In solidarity, Jerry
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.1.5 : Tue Sep 06 2005 - 00:00:01 EDT


text:
Some of you may have already heard, but I am leaving NEFLIN. I will be heading back to NY to be with my family.
I have accepted a position at Queens Public Library in NY, where I will serve as Director of Community Library Services. It's a huge system! Last year they circulated over 13 million items and served over 11 million people in person. So please keep me in your prayers!
I am sorry to be leaving you. The past three years have been a lot of fun. You have taught me so much, about your libraries and our field. You also taught me a great deal about myself. I have learned lots of new things, faced fears, made mistakes and laughed a great deal since coming to NEFLIN.
I've enjoyed working with Brad, who encouraged me to grow and try new things. Heather who is a great partner on any project. And Jeannie who has tried her best to keep me straight.
But as Member Services Coordinator, I have to say YOU are what makes NEFLIN special. We always say we have the best members and it's true. You are thoughtful and caring. We frequently receive emails and handwritten notes telling us how much you appreciate us or thanking us for a specific class or project. You come to our events early and leave late to help us.
Our board members work hard, continuing to help us prepare for the future. And when we ask for Continuing Education members and Interest Group Leaders you always step up. Thank you! Thank you!
Please keep in touch! I'm on LinkedIn and Facebook and I would love to stay connected with all of you.
Thank you for the opportunity to serve you. It has been a pleasure.


text:
Have Antique Repair Questions? Ask an Antique Appraiser
My name is ***** ***** I would love to help.
The next step would be for me to see pictures of the bracelet and marks.
Use the Add Files feature on your screen to add pictures and I will be able to complete my answer, thank you!


text: If you had the chance to have free groceries or free gas for the rest of your life what would it be? Now first off if you don't drive then please don't respond by saying I would take the groceries because I don't drive. Personally I would take the free gas, my truck takes tons of gas, and I have to fill it up every other day, and since gas prices keep climbing every single month I rather have free gas for the rest of my life instead of free groceries. Discuss.


text:
"May 5th is MEIKO Day". It comes from the play of words when you can read the date as the actual word. This time it's May5 -> MeiGo -> Meiko. With English reading of month and Japanese one of day. (description by Nefere)
Character anniversary event for Kaai Yuki, SF-A2 miki and Hiyama Kiyoteru. All voicebanks were released at the same time by AH-Software (4th December 2009).
Event on Booth.
An annual festival hold in Shanghai, organized by the famous video sharing service.
Doujin fair dedicated to original works.
VOCALOID, VOICEROID, and CeVIO only Events!
Several events grouped under a single name.
Live video viewing event.
Name originates from "Friends".
IA and ONE share the anniversary date starting from ONE's release in 2015.
Illustration by Ajigo.
Series of Kagamine Rin/Len only events.
Music Media-Mix Market, or M3, is a bi-annual flea market for independent music makers to sell their goods.
Music Communication event:
An annual UTAU-only event.
The MMD Cup is a tournament-style animation contest in which participants are given a theme and are tasked with making an animation with the software, MikuMikuDance (MMD).
KarenT event
Vocaloid event where artists sell albums and other merchandise. Lately UTAU artists have participated as well.
UTAU-only event.
Vocaloid DJ party organized by Sukimono.
Trance-focused Vocaloid DJ party.
VOCALOID only event in Taiwan, China.
Sub-Event of Vocaloid Paradise
Kagamine Rin & len only event
Yuzuki Yukari -event
Touhoku Zunko event.
Unofficial Magical Mirai after party.
A concert event dedicated to Nico Nico famous users
Nico Nico Chokaigi is a yearly convention/festival hosted at Makuhari Messe, Chiba (near Tokyo). Generally there's multiple Vocaloid-related events as well, such as The Voc@loid M@ster.
Series of concerts held near Miku's birthday (August 31st).
Sub-Event of Vocaloid Paradise.


text:
Boosting modern apprentice numbers applauded
Friday, July 29th, 2005
Boosting modern apprentice numbers applauded
Labour's commitment to increase the number of modern apprentices by 5000 by 2008 is a welcome commitment to building our trades' skill base, says the Employers & Manufacturers Association (Northern).
But business would prefer for the cap on numbers in apprenticeships and in workplace training to be lifted, as National has promised, said EMA chief executive, Alasdair Thompson.
"Nonetheless any boost to the numbers of people in skills training represents good public policy," he said, "excluding bribes to tertiary students with tax payers' funds to pay interest on their loans."


text:
- Company:
- Simply Magazine Inc.
- Finance Your Business Survival Kit
- Version:
- 1.1
- Post Date:
- 2017-10-20 16:25:27
- Price:
- $4.99
Download Finance Your Business Survival Kit »
The Finance Your Business Survival Kit pares down the enormous amount of information on the subject to provide you with the core essentials on the subject of financing your business. Less is more in the survival business–and we work hard to keep our books lean and useful.
The author has include straightforward practical tips about securing funding, from equity investments to bank secured lending. The fancy footwork is left out so you can focus on the fundamentals to make your business work. A related audiobook is published by Amazon's audible.com division, enter the title, author, or Simply Magazine, to reach the title at audible.com, itunes store, or amazon itself. The audiobook reinforces the messages, is cross platform working on MAC/PC and all portable devices.
The author has found through his serial entrepreneurial experience and advisory ones to many emerging companies that the key to successful fund raising is to go to the right people and organizations at the right time. In other words, you must do a self-analysis, which the author assists with, to determine what stage of business development your company is at–and find the sources that specialize in your niche.
The tracks illuminate what you will learn and have to work with in this ebook.
Finance Your Business Survival Kit
Author Deaver Brown
About the Survival Kit Series
About the Finance Your Business Survival Kit
General Approach: About this ebook
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What Business Are You In?
Three Rules for Success
All Results are Outside Your Company
Know Your Deal: What is It?
Elevator Ride Pitch
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Why Do Companies & People Invest in Emerging Companies?
Why They Don't Invest
Their Perspective on Your Deal
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20 Quick Tips
Executive Summaries & Business Plans
The Executive Summary: They Get Read
The Business Plan: They Get Filed
Make the Executive Summary & Business Plan Work for You
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Are You Willing to Be Diluted?
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Can You Delegate to Others?
Is This What You Want?
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Ten Talents to Raise Money
Learn Your Craft
Develop a Focused Mission
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Traditional Funding
Reaching Out to Family Members, Friends, Neighbors & Peers
Cash, Credit Card & COD Businesses
Calculate Your Needs
Capital Sources
Angel Investing
Chapter Seven: Hiring Financial People
Chapter Eight: Accounting & Bookkeeping
Chapter Nine: Danger
24 Quick Tips Regarding Risks
Financial Risks
Cashflow: Nine Steps to Improve It
Control the Cash
Credit: The Risks of Debt
Chapter Ten: Exit
Steady State
Selling Out
Valuation Approaches
Standard Valuation Guidelines
Candidates to Acquire Your Business
IPO: The Brass Ring of Entrepreneurship
Basic Requirements to Get One
Benefits & Liabilities of an IPO
Chapter Eleven: Daily Reports
Financial Flash Report
Sales Flash Report
Operations/Production Flash Report
Financial Contact Files
Chapter Twelve: Suggested Readings
Chapter Thirteen: Just for Fun
Deaverism as My Friends Call Them
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Please click here to view the 2017 Borough of Wenonah Community Calendar. Look for your calendar on your front door on Saturday 12/31/16.
Parties and presents! What to do with the extra trash and gift boxes? Call our Municipal Office 468-5228 no later than Thursday at Noon to be added to the extra trash and recycle list. The trash hauler will only pick up at properties on the manifest.
Please click here to view a pie chart of 2016 Wenonah Tax Levies
Residents who wish to either trim or remove any "street tree" must contact Gary Odenbrett of the Shade Tree Commission @ 468-2627 in order to receive a "no cost" permit. This policy protects not only the interests of the borough, but also the residents, as a copy of the contractor's insurance is required upon commencing work. Contractors will be required to remove any tree debris from the "clear zone".


text:
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Sharing files between two or more computers on the same network is easy, you can set up a workgroup, using system's network file sharing or even use the popular Lan cable method. But these methods has limitations i.e. – both the machines should be at the same place. But what if you …Read More »
How to use Angry IP Scanner – Beginners Guide
If you are a network administrator or someone who is learning Ethical Hacking, then you might have found yourself in the situations where you need to scan bunch of IPs (Internet Protocol) addresses and/or ports. And one of the best tools to do this is the Angry IP Scanner. Even …Read More »


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TIRZ considers drainage improvements
Entity must develop a green space maintenance plan for HCFCD approval
Published 9:52 am, Wednesday, October 21, 2015
The Memorial City Tax Increment Reinvestment Zone No. 17 board is contemplating the extent of drainage improvements needed north of Interstate 10 along the W-140 drainage channel also known as Briar Branch Creek.
TIRZ No. 17 takes in about 1,000 acres of mostly commercial property along I-10 between Beltway 8 and Bunker Hill Road.
The zone receives city tax revenue from improved property values since it was created in 1999 to fund capital projects within its boundaries.
Current plans are to replace the open W-140 channel with underground storm sewers to enlarge its capacity and create new green space.
A separate project would improve neighborhood storm water drains at five locations.
Modification to a flow restrictor at the bridge on Bunker Hill Road also is being discussed.
Preliminary planning for the channel improvements began in 2013. Detailed designs are now done, and TIRZ No. 17 must develop a maintenance plan for the new green space to obtain final approval from the Harris County Flood Control District.
The TIRZ expects to spend more than $13 million to build the channel improvements beginning this fiscal year.
An additional $4.6 million is budgeted to improve the neighborhood storm drains.
TIRZ No. 17 is reviewing the scope of that project and whether additional links might be needed to improve drainage for the area.
Other projects reviewed by the board during its Sept. 29 regular meeting include ongoing construction to improve mobility and drainage on Lumpkin Road from I-10 to Northbrook and design work under way on its North Gessner mobility and drainage project from I-10 to Long Point.
Lumpkin is being rebuilt as a curb-and-gutter street with two lanes and a center turn lane and six-foot wide sidewalks on both sides.
Storm sewers and an existing detention basin at Westview are being enlarged as part of the $13.5 million project.
Construction began early this year and is expected to be complete in January of 2016.
Plans for North Gessner are in the design phase. TIRZ engineers say the project could triple the street's storm sewer capacity from I-10 to Westview and double it between Westview to Long Point without changing the existing road elevation. Street flooding that occurs now would be reduced but not eliminated, they said.
The TIRZ No. 17 project qualifies for about $2.7 million in federal funding, and the city of Houston is funding a similar project on Gessner further north, from Long Point to Neuens.
Additional information about TIRZ 17 capital projects can be found on its website at www.houstontirz17.org.


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Bar El Acebuchal is the only bar/restaurant in the tiny village of El Acebuchal, in the hills above Frigiliana.
The village became abandoned in the last century and was known as the "Ghost Village". It has now mainly been restored to its former glory.
More PhotosClick on an image to view.Monday 19th of October 2015 Maroween 2015 – It's Like Halloween But With Potatoes
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Saturday 12th of September 2015 Bollywood On The Balcon de Europa
Monday 6th of April 2015 Easter Sunday Parade Nerja Semana Santa 2015


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I decided to go back to my series with a new one, Steampunk Kylo Ren! Check him out!
He has a pelt of a wookie and a lucky paw on his belt, classic bad-guy accessories haha
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Whilst I bought this at the Christmas launch and it's no longer sold, Lush do still sell other lip tints throughout the year. I'd never tried one before but was so happy to find that for £5.95 it was really moisturising and of a really nice level of pigment. It adds such a nice pop of colour to a minimal make-up look and lasts really well too! (Bonus: it smells good)
Bit of a lame story here, I was suddenly struck with fear that my exam venues might for some cruel reason not provide a clock, so I rushed to TK Maxx to buy myself a watch. For £16.99 (reduced from a RRP of £40), I love how simple and versatile its design is. I decided to go for the black rather than the bright pink for the sake of it matching more outfits.
Granted, Hamilton is a favourite every month but this month it deserves a special mention because I got tickets!! I'm super excited to be seeing Hamilton in June 2018 (a very long time away but wonderful nevertheless) and am of course listening to the soundtrack... Non-Stop (ba dum tss 🥁)
Homeware: Dark Roast Coffee Candle
I did actually do a post on The Sheffield Candle Company here, but have started burning my coffee candle this month. It's such a gorgeous scent - of coffee but with a sweetness that stops it being too pungent. It also really lingers after being snuffed out, to the point that my housemate came into my room and commented on the nice scent an impressive 6 hours after it being extinguished.
Food: The Harley, Sheffield
End of exam celebrations would not be the same without a meal out, and my friends and I went to The Harley this month where they had half price on many of their burgers. As always, the food was lovely and so so filling. Whilst many of their menu items are what you might call quirky, it's definitely worth just diving in and trying something out because I can 99% guarantee that you won't be disappointed by their flavoursome goodness.
When I say travel, don't expect anything too exotic, I've been nowhere but my hometown of Leicester and my university town of Sheffield all January. But, don't let it be said that Sheffield doesn't have some great places to visit such as the lovely Botanical Gardens where I went for a walk with a friend and a camera. We even befriended some squirrels! [More photos here]
What have been your favourite things this January? Let me know in the comments!


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|07 Jun 2012
|My System Specs
|07 Jun 2012
is there a way during win7 startup that i can use to erase the 3tb drive completely. back to factory settings. so that windows may startup with the drive attached internally?
|My System Specs
|07 Jun 2012
|My System Specs
|07 Jun 2012
Can you post a screenshot of the Disk Management window that shows the external drive?
A Preferred Method of Uploading/Posting Screen Shots
|My System Specs
|07 Jun 2012
746GB is the magic number. It indicates, from what I have read, that the drive was formatted (somewhere along the way) with 512 byte sectors, standard for Windows legacy systems. GPT disks are formatted with 4KB sectors.
I read that these drives come with utilities from the manufacturer that handle the proper setup. I assume that came on the external drive and is now deleted. So the next thing would be to go to the manufacturer's website and see if you can download a copy to run it again.
In the meantime, with the drive as it is now (all unallocated space, can you install it internally in your system? If not, what happens?
|My System Specs
|07 Jun 2012
If your intent is to use the drive on a permanent basis in your w7 64-bit machine I think all you've got to do is reinstall it as suggested by TVeblen. Reboot and go into the BIOS, make sure it sees it as a 3TB drive. If it does, then boot into w7, open Disk Management, delete existing partitions, and create a new one, formatted with NTFS. It should create the new partition with 4096 byte allocation units and you'll be set to go.
|My System Specs
|08 Jun 2012
746GB is the magic number. It indicates, from what I have read, that the drive was formatted (somewhere along the way) with 512 byte sectors, standard for Windows legacy systems. GPT disks are formatted with 4KB sectors.
I read that these drives come with utilities from the manufacturer that handle the proper setup. I assume that came on the external drive and is now deleted. So the next thing would be to go to the manufacturer's website and see if you can download a copy to run it again.
DiscWizard | Seagate
In the meantime, with the drive as it is now (all unallocated space, can you install it internally in your system? If not, what happens?
when i initially formatted it on win7 it formatted to the full 3tb and worked for a week until i placed it an enclosure.
my pc is a dual boot system (xxp x86 and 7 x64). i loaded up in xp i then used seagate discwizard to format the hdd. it achknoledged only 2tb of the 3tb existed. it was ignoring the 746 GB which was visible from the enclosure. discwizard set up a 2tb drive and a 746gb drive (not partitions). the program used something called drive extender to format the other 746gb.
Both partitions are usable in win xp. Winxp also boots up properly. Win7 does not bootup with the hdd inserted internally.
i took another screenshot of win disc manager but in winxp instead.
tthere are only 3 hdds in the machine in this shot.
hdd1 2TB (system reserved, winxp and win7 partitions).
hdd2 2TB (isnt accesable or viewable in winxp but works properly in win7).
hdd3 3TB (2 partitions shown as 2 seperate HDD's. boots up in winxp and works properly and does NOT boot in win7).
thank you for your time patience.
|My System Specs
|08 Jun 2012
When you say this:
when i initially formatted it on Windows 7 it formatted to the full 3tb and worked for a week until i placed it an enclosure.
|My System Specs
|08 Jun 2012
Thank you for being patient with me. These "larger than 2.1TB" drives are fairly new, as are GUID file tables and UEFI bios. We are all just learning about the rules regarding these new systems.
You have also created a complicated system: 2 computers, 2 operating systems, and an external enclosure. Because of the new "rules" mentioned above, what works in one system/OS may not work in the other.
I have learned that some external enclosures do not recognize drives larger than 2.1TB. This is a problem on the circuit board inside the enclosure. Many people are surprised to learn (me) that the enclosure itself can be the bottleneck. So any problems you are having that involve the enclosure could be just that: you need a newer enclosure to use these large drives.
I also have read that W7 can not boot from a GUID partition unless the motherboard is using an UEFI BIOS. This may explain the problem you are having on that one machine. 64 bit Windows can recognize and read/write GUID partitions, it just can't be installed on one and boot without an upgraded motherboard or BIOS.
Many people comment that all these issues are eliminated on these large drives by just creating smaller partitions. That is where I was going with my thinking: Remove any Active Flag, Wipe the drive to remove any MBR, Use a third party utility to create a new GUID file table, then create 2 1.5TB partitions on the drive and format it NTFS.
Ain't new technology fun?
|My System Specs
|08 Jun 2012
but to answer your question simply. it worked fine in win7 until it was removed.
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Home security companies reviews simple cameras
Very pleased with this system and it only on the whole, the goal is to monitor a backyard or customers and employees are licensed with the Vivint Salesman.
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Wall walkie-talkie sets, LED lighting, always looking for something that can store the image provided by the salesman wants to understand because of the children who may be required to deter a potential security concern.
Poorly installed wireless surveillance system, whether applied to indicate where full lock-down position isInstallation on this site have no complaints.
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Other companies charge a monthly fee with PA. I really like that the Xfinity Home customers are succeeding with wireless internet camera, and the ability to pan, tilt, zoom and 16x Digital zoom on the Contact Form for such a licence so this feature you could answer.


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Ron Paul: The Federal Reserve Monopoly over Money
* In Aurum Securitas *
Modern economics is not rocket science.
In fact, it's not science at all. It's a game, a confidence game.
Once paper passed for money, economics became an elaborate
shell game designed to hide the fact paper had been substituted for silver and gold.
The shell game is called "Where's The Money?"...
The answer is simple, it's not there.


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Typography conference posters
This hypothetical conference explores the trends in typography, dividing the designers largely into hand letterers or typeface designers. Discussing the difference in the design approach for both types of design in the same field. And what does the future hold for both styles, and how can a young designer pick their side? This topic is relevant today because of the rise of hand lettering and crafted type, alongwith a major influx of newly designed typefaces everyday. This conference begins to form a pattern or a trend map to the surge of excitement in the typeface world of design. The theme for the conference follows the metaphors from Beatrice Warde's famous essay, that instructed designers to use typography as the goblet. With striking photography that mocks the other 'team' of typographers, the posters are created to humorously form designers into cliches that oppose the other form of typography.


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Washington - Tumwater
Tumwater office of our client seeks attorney with 4 years of experience. The candidate should specialize in Estate planning, Probate, Trust administration, Tax, Business/Transactional, and Estate litigation. Must be licensed in WA State.
For over a decade ago this law firm has handled intricate issues for businesses and individuals. Their areas of practice include estate planning, guardianship, estate, settlement, probate, business law, tax, real estate, and litigation. The firm is located in Washington.
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She has dreams - big ones. But. Synopsis: Jordan Landa is not your average Latin girl. Amazon.com: Love and Debate: Gina Philips, Adam Rodriguez, Sean. Actors: Gina Philips: Jordan · Adam Rodriguez: Elias · Rachel Miner: Sophia · Sean Astin: Coach Amal · Bryan Greenberg: Chris · Chris. Starring - Sean Astin, Gina Philips, Adam Rodriguez, Joaquim de Almeida, Rachel Miner, Austin Nichols, Shirley Knight, Bryan Greenberg, Azura Skye. Jordan Landa is not your average Latin girl. Love and Debate - Rotten Tomatoes - Movies | Movie Trailers. Love and Debate Trailer - IMDb We are constantly expanding our video coverage. Love and Debate (2006) - IMDb Director: Jessica Kavana. She has dreams, big ones. It is a story of a young girl who has become the star. She has dreams - big ones. Love and Debate DVD Movie - CD Universe - Your Online Music Store Love and Debate DVD movie video $24.79 in stock at CD Universe, JEEPERS CREEPERS' Gina Philips stars in this drama as Jordan Landa, a young woman straddling. You can browse our video directory for complete listings of your favorite films, TV shows and independent shorts, plus. Love and Debate - YouTube Jordan Landa is not your average girl
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Fox News will host a GOP candidate debate this Thursday, August 6, 2015. The hype is no less than that of a heavy weight boxing match on pay-per-view.
According to the spin, Donald Trump leads the field of contenders. Why? Is he that 'refreshing' that the public sees him as a serious Presidential hopeful? Allow me to elaborate why he cannot win.
In all of the polls it seems that most Republicans favor Trump over the rest of the field. Well the Republican voter will not decide the vote against the Democratic candidate. That was demonstrated in 2008 and again in 2012. It will be the Independent Voter who will decide the next President.
For me the choice comes down to one thing: The Constitution. Freedom from government intervention in every aspect of my life. Adhering to the First Amendment and not forcing the will of government on religious beliefs. Obeying the Second Amendment instead of making excuses as to why the government must pass 'common sense' gun control laws. The latter is an oxymoron and only a moron uses that lame excuse to attempt to take rights of the People.
The (un) Affordable Care Act demonstrates how inept government involvement is. Most candidates want to 'fix' it, but that is not really possible. The real push is for complete control by the government. Donald Trump has been for 'universal health care' for decades, believes that abortion is about women's choice, and thinks that bully tactics against China will somehow fix the economic issues we face today.
Karl Rove (who should have been charged with high crimes and misdemeanors) said it best when he stated that this 'debate' is more like a campaign speech limited to about 8 minutes per candidate.
The panel of 'inquisitors' from Fox News will ask questions, some of which will be questions submitted by viewers. So far, none of the questions ask how they will accomplish anything, only what they will do if elected. Each will thump about Iran, immigration, abortion, blah, blah, blah.
The exceptions are the senators, Cruz, Paul, and Rubio. Each of them have voted for or against these issues, so we know where they stand. Each has demonstrated by their voting record where they stand. In the blog post Last Stand: Freedom or Serfdom I pointed out how only Rand Paul has voted along constitutional lines even when the majority succumbed to popular opinion.
There really isn't more than can be said. America stands to lose its sovereignty unless we elect a President who will follow the Constitution. Rand Paul does just that, always.


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Attend any Ladies Weekend Events and you'll have the chance to win an awesome Lole Lily Tote Bag! A $140 valued prize! This bag is perfect for all you hard-working ladies balancing work and fitness!
Sunday, October 23: Brunch starts at 10 am!
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Trinidad State Junior College licensing
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Find information about Trinidad State Junior College licensing, and registering for departmental seminars and elective lectures. As a student, your first stop should be the registrar's office, where you can pick up a free copy of both the academic calendar and course catalog, in order to find available credit classes that you may be interested in taking. In-person class registration has largely been replaced with online sign-up, and many schools offer mobile apps that streamline the course registration process. Finally, check with your major department for assistance with prerequisites, tuition payment deadlines, and Trinidad State Junior College business management information. Please use the form above to request admissions info for Trinidad State Junior College.
Legal careers can range from working in a legal setting such as a courtroom or law office to corporate consulting or tax planning. Preparing legal advice or representation for a client commonly requires substantial research into applicable laws and regulations. All lawyers in the US must have a law degree and must also pass their state?s written bar examination.
Most states and jurisdictions require lawyers to complete a juris doctor (JD) degree from a law school accredited by the American Bar Association (ABA), including courses such as constitutional law, contracts, property law, civil procedure, and legal writing. Students may complete an internship at a law firm, working under the supervision of an experienced attorney. Beyond consideration for Trinidad State Junior College licensing, you may think about Lincoln Memorial University training program online for complementary electives to your primary course of study.
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Hondros College of Nursing is seeking an Academic Support Advisor. Our enrollment is conveniently offered four times a year with no waitlists.
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Mission Statement for Community Credit Union
Community Credit Union is a member owned organization whose purpose is to provide convenient, quality, personalized service while maintaining financial stability.
Not For Profit, Not for Charity, But For Service…That's the Credit Union Motto…
What's The Difference Between a Credit Union and a Bank?
While both Credit Unions and banks offer personal financial services like savings, checking and loans, there are distinct differences between these two financial institutions.
Credit Unions
Banks are for profit, dedicated to increasing the bottom line. Credit Unions are democratic, not-for-profit financial cooperatives, dedicated to serving members.
When you join a Credit Union, you become a member, not a customer, as at a bank. Members have a "common bond," such as the company they work for or the community in which they live. And members always come first.
Because Credit Unions are financial cooperatives, members are owners who share in the success of the Credit Union. And as such, members have a vote in how the Credit Union is run by electing fellow members to the Board of Directors who oversee the operation of the financial institution.
Credit Union earnings are given back to the members in the form of favorable dividends on savings, competitive rates on loans, lower and fewer fees and better services. Bank earnings go to stockholders and the Board of Directors.
Want to know more about the difference between a Credit Union and a Bank? Check out this Infographic


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The weekend was rather busy with studying which did involve doing some research which is a pretty good idea with me because I don't really get started on the basic steps of doing a task just by myself before doing some written work around it.
It's kind of interesting how some of literature you read when you were younger ties into how society operated, the sorts of expectations even that both the adults and as the child were prevalent so in a way they tapped into your world as it was lived. Here's a link to what I wrote about it on my main blog: The return of the Famous Five
Also in connection with an upcoming event, I shall be staying with a friend who knows all about little me and so they've been working on the arrangements which will involve school desks, uniform and work being set.
Apart from the fact they've been a disciplinarian to me for a good eighteen months or so and they've spanked me with very good reason I might add, in discussing things for this time it's been decided that I'll be caned from now on too.
To be honest I felt like crying when I saw that, not from any sense of foreboding but more the fact they cared enough to attempt to extinguish particularly bad behaviour and attitudes I can easily get into and to be pro-active about it. If six of the best can help with that then my disabilities should not be seen as a reason to cane me so in a way I'm glad this has been said and that's why I'm accepting it. There's no reason not to cane me.


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Offering free Wi-Fi and free parking, the Opera 01 is an elegant B&B just 200 metres from Cattolica's beaches. It features a relaxing sauna and spacious rooms with parquet flooring.
Located in Cattolica in the region of Emilia-Romagna, 0.9 miles from Aquarium Le Navi, ArtB&B Paesaggi d'Interni features a sun terrace and views of the garden. You will find a kettle in the room.
28 reviews
Located in Cattolica, B & B La Gatta Blu offers free Wi-Fi and rooms with a flat-screen TV. This property also features a shared garden and free bike hire.
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