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Friday, September 24, 2010
They Speak of Fruit - Eric Person
Eric Person for poems by Gary L McDowell, available exclusively from Cooper Dillon Books.
Saturday, September 11, 2010
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To celebrate the foundation of Rome on 21 April 753 BC during the Imperial Roman era, Virgil composed the Aeneid. In this epic poem, where history and legend meet to tell the tale of the tireless Trojan hero, Aeneas, the ideas of strength, grandness and Roman civility are celebrated.
Address: Via Palermo 30 - 00184 Roma, Italia
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Having trouble finding compatible theme for 2.1.2
I just bought a new domain, MomReviews, and I am trying to replace the Classic and Default themes with something else.
For each theme I have tried, I am downloading the theme file, uploading it to wp-content/themes, and activating it at Presentation->Themes. The problem I'm having is, no matter what theme I try, what it looks like on the Demo page and what it looks like on my blog are VASTLY different. For example, if the theme's sidebar is a different color than the background, on my blog it will be all the same color.
I've never had this problem switching themes for my main blog Table for Five, so I can't figure out what I am doing wrong. Could someone please help, and let me know what additional info you need? Thank you so much
(P.S.)-why doesn't the drop-down menu have 2.1.2 as a choice?
- The topic 'Having trouble finding compatible theme for 2.1.2' is closed to new replies.


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Coyote, foreveryoung, Minnemooseus (Adminnemooseus), PaulK (4 members, 342 visitors)
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Member (Idle past 2770 days)
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Thread Info
|Topic: Questions about the living cell
Member (Idle past 2773 days)
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Member (Idle past 2770 days)
Posts: 428
Absolutely. The 2,000 yr old text says that all things are held together by God's Son, the one who died on the cross and His symbol is connecting every living thing on earth. It's pretty obvious it wasn't coincidental.
You feel that way because you do not know the Lord. Had you known Him or seen His power as we Christians have (at least, some of us) then you wouldn't be saying things like that.
No matter how Laminin appears though the microscope in its function in living cells it is always diagrammed like this:
Dr Jack
Posts: 3506
From: Leicester, England
What? Are you serious? The electron micrograph is what it actually looks like! All diagrams are just simplified representations.
Member (Idle past 1630 days)
Posts: 87
From: Fremont, CA, USA
Where in that 2,000 yr old text does it say that the "cross" is his symbol?
"Few are those who see with their own eyes and feel with their own hearts." -Albert Einstein
"I would rather have a mind opened by wonder than one closed by belief."
Posts: 1346
From: Prague, Czech Republic
Member Rating: 2.3
It's a bit of a nitpick, but those aren't pentagrams. They're just pentagons. A pentagram is a five-pointed star, whereas these are just five-sided shapes (in tge diagram, anyway).
Member (Idle past 657 days)
Posts: 1548
People believe what they want to believe. It is called pareidolia. Look it up.
"You can't convince a believer of anything; for their belief is not based on evidence, it's based on a deep seated need to believe." - Carl Sagan
"It is far better to grasp the Universe as it really is than to persist in delusion, however satisfying and reassuring." - Carl Sagan, The Demon-Haunted World
Otto Tellick
Member (Idle past 147 days)
Posts: 288
From: PA, USA
And if you arrange the original Hebrew letters of the Old Testament (which are known to have been meticulously counted and kept track of in every copy ever made) in particular ways and assign numbers to them, you can pick out all sorts of prophetic information that predicts things that have happened between the original writing and the present day. That really is not coincidental either.
It's also not valid or sensible, let alone being "predictive" in any plausible or meaningful sense. It's simply a matter of arranging arbitrary symbols into appealing patterns, and then relating particular meanings to those patterns. People do this sort of thing all the time -- it's a natural human trait, involving innate human abilities (pattern recognition, symbolic logic, etc). Astrology is another prime example. I would put your assertion of religious symbolism in cell structure right up there with astrology.
Do you believe in astrology? How about reading the future in the entrails of dead animals? (That at least has something of biology in it.) If not, why not? Perhaps because you recognize that such "predictions" are too vague or vacuous or too often wrong to be of any practical use? Asserting the presence of religious symbols in biological structures is on a par with (indistinguishable from) that. Honest.
You started this thread with three "questions about the living cell," requesting both opinion and fact for the answers. Over the course of your subsequent posts here, you have demonstrated that your main interest is not to actually find answers to these questions in any sort of factual manner, but rather to put an end to any attempt to answer them except through the assertion and acceptance of religious dogma. No observational evidence, and no theory based on observation, should be accepted unless it conforms to your doctrine. Even posing more detailed questions is off-limits, if pursuing answers could lead to a threat of transgression.
It's not even sufficient in your view that people should simply abandon science and adopt any religious belief of their own choosing (in accordance with the notion of religious freedom -- I assume you must be positively dead-set against any such notion). No, in your view, there can be only one way to refuse to answer these questions, and that is through the acceptance of Your Lord Jesus Christ as our savior -- and on top of that, we'd better interpret the biblical text exactly as you do, or we will never attain the correct avoidance of real answers to these questions.
In other words, your agenda here is to promote a specific brand of willful ignorance. Okay, we get that. Now, when are you going to get that trying to promote ignorance in a science forum is really a waste of time? People who have a sincere curiosity about how nature works will not accept "God did it" as an answer, because that really doesn't answer the questions that come up.
I'm sure that must be false. I haven't looked at all the biology books ever published, but surely some of them would make it clear that the diagram you posted has actually put the thing sideways, or possibly upside-down.
And since there are so many nice pictures in these threads of yours, I can't resist putting one in. (I shamelessly stole this from http://scienceblogs.co.../my_regrets_on_your_traumatic_b.php -- it just happened to show up today, and seemed especially appropriate for your dogmatic approach to biology... indeed, it strikes me as positively non-coincidental!)
Edited by Otto Tellick, : minor spelling repair
autotelic adj. (of an entity or event) having within itself the purpose of its existence or happening.
Member (Idle past 1418 days)
Posts: 464
a) a sign of god
or are you just blowing hot air?
I fail to see why christianity - a relatively new interloper on the stage - should be considered the one true religion over the obvious power and might of Zeus and the Caduceus - especially when it looks far more like the Greek one.
Anybody care to estimate which legend predates the other?
(the Caduceus is at least 2500 years old, so 500 more than the juvenile new testament)
Edited by greyseal, : added a date.
Edited by greyseal, : stupid formatting error
Member (Idle past 2770 days)
Posts: 428
But none of those examples were preceded by an ancient text telling mankind that by the God of such symbols 'all things are held together'.
Colossians 1: 16-18 preceded the discovery of Laminin by 2,000 yrs.
Member (Idle past 657 days)
Posts: 1548
It says that God not the cross is what holds everything together.
This is not an extrapolation of scripture. It is an outright fabrication. God even condemns those who add to or take away from his word.
Edited by DevilsAdvocate, : No reason given.
"You can't convince a believer of anything; for their belief is not based on evidence, it's based on a deep seated need to believe." - Carl Sagan
"It is far better to grasp the Universe as it really is than to persist in delusion, however satisfying and reassuring." - Carl Sagan, The Demon-Haunted World
Member (Idle past 1630 days)
Posts: 87
From: Fremont, CA, USA
Looks like this:
An Ankh, the Ancient Egyptian symbol for life.
Member (Idle past 2770 days)
Posts: 428
Nope. You're just stretching things like the others.
Besides that, as I have challenged them I challenge you to come up with an ancient text of scripture outside the Bible that teaches that the 'god' they believe in holds all things together and that his symbol is the very thing that does this.
Member (Idle past 2751 days)
Posts: 3857
From: UK
Member (Idle past 657 days)
Posts: 1548
laminin-10 in colon cancer metastasis
Electron microscopic structure of agrin and mapping of its binding site in laminin-1 (which is the journal articlewhere the original pic of laminin = cross came from)
Protein complex (nidogen-laminin) obtained by experimental procedure X-ray (left picture) and predicted with Molfit (right picture).
Only to the scientific illterate and pseudoscientific inclined can you derive that lamininun is a religious icon.
"You can't convince a believer of anything; for their belief is not based on evidence, it's based on a deep seated need to believe." - Carl Sagan
"It is far better to grasp the Universe as it really is than to persist in delusion, however satisfying and reassuring." - Carl Sagan, The Demon-Haunted World
Member (Idle past 1630 days)
Posts: 87
From: Fremont, CA, USA
I'm stretching things? If I'm stretching things it's because I learned it from you, oh master of stretching things!
You never answered my question here: Message 124
Where in the scripture does it say the the "cross" is gods symbol?
"Few are those who see with their own eyes and feel with their own hearts." -Albert Einstein
"I would rather have a mind opened by wonder than one closed by belief."
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We must have everyone in this fight: service providers, caring philanthropists, communities, individuals and businesses dedicated to finding innovative long-term solutions to homelessness.
There are nearly 3,900 unsheltered people living on the streets, in tents, abandoned buildings and vehicles in Seattle. There are another 4,700 people in shelters and transitional housing who need to find permanent homes. That's unacceptable. We are a generous and compassionate city but some of us are getting left behind. The homelessness crisis in Seattle continues to grow. As Mayor, I will make it a top priority to move more people off the streets and into permanent housing.
People experiencing homelessness are our neighbors and are disproportionately people of color and those who identify as LGBTQ (especially among the youth homeless population). Many have a history of domestic violence abuse or experience with foster care. Removing barriers to permanent housing requires not just shelter alternatives, but also requires addressing a variety of complex challenges, including employment, affordable housing, stable schooling for kids, and addiction and mental health services. This is a complicated problem with many causes and no one-size-fits-all solution. That means we have to look at a number of solutions.
We must have everyone in this fight: service providers, caring philanthropists, communities, individuals and businesses dedicated to finding innovative long-term housing solutions. We also must do more to ensure that the city resources are an investment in real, tangible benefits: compassionate and low barrier temporary shelters, better and quicker pathways to homes, meaningful mental health and addiction treatment, and holistic support services.
I will bring a special focus to homeless families living on the street, in cars and RVS, and in tents, partnering with schools and social services to get them into stable living and school environments. No child in Seattle should fall behind because they don't have a permanent roof over their heads.
Above all else, homeless families and individuals need a safe and stable home and must be treated with compassion, respect and dignity. We must have more affordable housing in Seattle. This is not only needed for those who are unsheltered, we need to prevent people from falling into homelessness. Many are just one illness, job loss or personal challenge away from losing their home.
In addition to refocusing our efforts on the long term challenges of housing and treatment, as Mayor, I will initiate three immediate actions to address homelessness in Seattle:
1. Provide up to 700 additional beds in emergency shelters.
I will lead an effort to create 50 to 100 additional beds in each city council district. This might occur by opening community centers during non-operating hours to serve as shelters for homeless families. Community centers have already successfully effectively served as places for hygiene services for unsheltered people in their off-hours. Some council districts may have better or more immediate solutions such as partnering with faith and community group. But the important thing is to do it now – to provide respite and safe places for people living on our streets while we continue to reform and get shelters online that lead to better, long-term outcomes.
2. Expand and improve interventions with families living in cars and RVs
We are seeing a substantial rise in the number of people living in cars and RVs in Seattle, including many homeless families. These folks may have less severe barriers to permanent housing than those living on the streets or in unauthorized tent encampments. This would make them good candidates for intensive short-term interventions that are designed to minimize the amount of time families are homeless. Such options include diversion straight into stable housing options or rapid re-housing with a three- to six-month rent subsidy. This provides a period to address and stabilize problems such as unemployment, or eligibility for veteran, disability or other services.
To facilitate these rapid interventions, I will establish additional specially trained, interdisciplinary teams (known as Navigation Teams) of police officers and social workers targeted directly at doing outreach to those living in cars and RVs. The specialized Navigation Teams will work to mitigate quality of life, health and environmental issues, while identifying appropriate candidates for diversion, rapid re-housing or other specific services, including mental health and addiction treatment services.
3. Propose a Seattle-King County regional consolidation of homelessness services.
Homelessness is a regional problem that needs a regional solution. We must commit to exploring with King County a regional consolidation of homelessness services under one roof. This approach would reduce administrative overhead and better coordinate service delivery. The current fragmented system—with King County providing the bulk of mental health services and Seattle sheltering most single homeless adults, for example—must be streamlined if we are going to make headway on solving the crisis.


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This posting is no longer available. This is either because the employer has filled the position or the position has closed. Click here to find more jobs like this one.
Group Life Pastor
Harvest Bible Chapel
Naperville, Illinois, United States
Date Posted: 01/05/2009
Categories: Discipleship Pastor
Denominations: Non-Denominational
Church Size: 1501 to 2000
Job Type: Full-Time
Job Description:
HARVEST BIBLE CHAPEL – Naperville
JOB TITLE: Group Life Pastor
ACCOUNTABLE TO: Executive Pastor
PURPOSE: To provide vision, leadership and oversight to Group Life by training and equipping leaders to plug people into small groups, study groups, and recovery groups so that they will grow in spiritual maturity and be loved and cared for at Harvest.
General Duties
1. Know, understand, and communicate the vision of Harvest Bible Chapel to staff and leaders and implement that vision in their specific areas of responsibility.
2. Empower Group Life to provide the structure, support, and shepherding necessary to meet the growing demands of Harvest Naperville.
3. Recruit, train, and equip staff and leaders to actively pursue people in the body and strongly encourage a commitment to the form of Group Life that best fits their individual needs.
4. Recruit, train and equip staff and leaders to provide consistent care, council, shepherding and follow-up to those involved in Group Life.
5. Ensure that small groups study groups & recovery groups are fulfilling their stated purpose of Bible study, prayer, accountability, and care with the shared goal of helping people to grow in spiritual maturity and develop meaningful relationships.
Specific Responsibilities
Small groups are the primary place for people to receive shepherding and support through sermon-based Bible study, prayer, accountability, and care.
1. Develop and oversee small groups for people at various stages of life including mean, women, college, young adult, young married, and mixed.
2. Develop & implement a strategy that makes it easy for people to get involved in a small group.
3. Develop & implement a strategy for recruiting, training and reproducing leaders and coaches for small groups.
4. Develop & implement a strategy that ensures small groups are healthy and emphasize their primary purpose.
5. Develop & implement a strategy for small groups to include a regularly scheduled service component.
6. Provide opportunities for various small groups to gather together, expand and deepen relationships and target pre-connected persons to join.
Study Groups are designed to help people apply biblical truth to specific topics of interest over a set period of time.
1. Develop a long-term plan that offers study groups of interest to men, women, and mixed adults.
2. Develop and/or use existing materials to provide biblically-based study group resources that are consistent with the doctrine and theology of Harvest Bible Chapel.
3. Recruit, train and equip qualified teachers and leaders who will recruit people to lead specific study groups and provide an experience similar to small group life at Harvest.
4. Develop & implement a strategy that enables these study groups to birth new small groups.
5. Evaluate classes, instructors, and leaders to ensure that they are effective and consistent with the vision of Harvest and fulfill the stated purpose of Harvest.
Recovery & Support Groups are designed to be a place of comfort and healing to people who are experiencing crises and pain by providing biblical solutions to life's complex problems.
1. Provide management oversight to the current recovery groups which include marriage restoration recovery group and an addictions recovery group.
2. Ensure that these groups are consistent with the vision, purpose and mission of Harvest.
3. Develop & implement a strategy to place people in these groups who visit or attend our church, are currently in small groups or study groups or are inquiring from the community.
4. Recruit, train and equip leaders who can provide biblical counsel, comfort, and care.
5. Develop a vision & strategy to implement new recovery and support groups to help minister to the needs of Harvest Naperville.
6. Develop a lay counseling ministry that is consistent with the mission and vision of Harvest.
General Management
1. Set goals, action plans, calendar, staffing, supplies, equipment & corresponding
budgets for all worship related activities and personnel
2. Perform duties within budget, time, and space restraints dictated by senior
3. Participate in weekly management meetings.
4. Maintain a healthy lifestyle and work ethic personally and among the staff.
5. Evaluate and review staff in reporting positions. (this position has 3-4 staff to lead)
6. Perform all other duties assigned by the Executive Pastor.
Directly Responsible for following Reporting Positions:
Director of Small Groups
Director of Study Groups
Director of Recovery Groups
NOTE: The above duties are not intended to be an all-inclusive list. Our ministry at Harvest is a team ministry. Therefore, additional duties may be assigned from time to time as situations dictate.
Please see our website www.harvestnaperville.org please look at the "about us" under "purpose" and make sure that you are comfortable with our philosophy and environment and understand our mission of "Worship, Walk and Work".
1. 10 years full time ministry experience (some of which should be in a church of 1,000 or more)
2. A successful track record of leading a paid staff team
3. 10 years of experience with growing small groups. Applicants should be able to demonstrate how they have already accomplished this in their current or past ministry settings
4. Applicants should have strengths in the following areas: leadership, strategy, teaching, as well as strong relational abilities. Applicants should be able to demonstrate how they have already demonstrated these strengths in their current or past ministry settings.
5. As a minimum applicants should have an earned Bachelor's Degree in an area of
concentration that has equipped them for vocational ministry
You Also May Be Interested In:
Pastor, Adult GroupsOctober 20
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WoodsEdge Community Church - Executive Pastor of MinistriesOctober 16
Vanderbloemen Search GroupSpring, Texas
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Pastor (Bi-Vocational)October 11
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Have eaten here a few times, steaks are OK, served Chicago style on a hot plate with butter. Sides are extra and are enough to share. Steaks are good but not to die for. Had same steak at Yosemite Ranch and it tastes better for...More
1 - 10 of 122 reviews
Have eaten here a few times, steaks are OK, served Chicago style on a hot plate with butter. Sides are extra and are enough to share. Steaks are good but not to die for. Had same steak at Yosemite Ranch and it tastes better for...More
Ruth's Chris made my birtday so memorable! This was our first time at this Steakhouse. I made reservations ahead of time and let them know it was for my birthday. When we were seated our table was decorated with confetti. We had a special menus...More
Called ahead to make a reservation and they actually had special happy anniversary menus with our anniversary year as well as rose pedals on the table. It was a great experience the food was amazing and most importantly I had an amazing anniversary dinner with...More
My favorite special occasion restaurant. The calamari appetizer was delicious; my petite filet and my husband's rib eye steak were cooked to perfection. The potatoes au gratin a delicious side. Dessert was a gift from the restaurant, and also quite good.
We spent Friday evening in the bar at Ruth Chris enjoying a delicious filet and glass of Rose wine. We have been in the dining room before, bu never the bar area. The service was terrific. People line up to get seated in the bar...More
Dining at Ruth's Chris continues to be an exceedingly pleasant experience especially with a first-time guest from China. Truly outstanding in all aspects! Food remains awesome; well-prepared and presented. The 16 oz. medium-rare prime Rib-eye steaks were superb along with awesome sides. Service was first-rate;...More
The food is amazing, I love how the steak comes out sizzling on a plate. The steak was delicious and so is the creamed spinach. The atmosphere is nice and the service is great.
Wonderful dinner restaurant. Clean and pretty inside. Great service with wonderful food. Expensive but expected. Great place for a cozy dinner or spot for company.
I have a general rule regarding chain restaurants...ignore chains in favor of going local. However much exploration of the local steak houses, I found myself at Ruth's Chris. Since my first visit two years ago, I have never eaten steak at another Fresno restaurant. Ruth's...More
Several years had passed since we last dined here, with past experiences seesawing between exceptional and overpriced ordinary. This was terrific, with few exceptions. The petite filet was succulent, though it continued to cook on the plate a bit past the medium rare I'd sought....More


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Not too easy. Not too difficult.
Course Overview:
Accounting is a very interesting course to me because it has to do with high sense of responsibility and accountability and that is everything to me. it is the heart of every organization.
Course highlights:
Basic principles, accounting concepts and convention, subsidiary books, cos accounting and management and financial accounting
Hours per week:
6-8 hours
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9-11 hours
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SUPER CUTE AND IN EXCELLENT CONDITION. WOMENS THE LIMITED BEADED TOP SIZE X-SMALL. BEAD TRIM UNDER BUST AREA. ADJUSTABLE SPAGHETTI STRAPS. LINED. SOFT STRETCHY MATERIAL. find my $1 sale items by typing "summersale" in search.
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Powell Interview by Mr. Anwar Khalil of Pakistan
Interview by Mr. Anwar Khalil of Radio Pakistan
Colin L. Powell
Via Telephone
Washington, DC
February 28, 2003
MR. KHALIL: This is Anwar Khalil in Islamabad, Pakistan.
SECRETARY POWELL: How do you do, sir?
MR. KHALIL: Thanks, Secretary of State Colin Powell, for taking questions from Radio Pakistan on the Iraq crisis.
Well, sir, as perhaps you already know, there is a growing concern among Pakistani people that a military action against Iraq will adversely affect the whole region, including Pakistan, and that war should be avoided at all cost.
How do you propose to address this concern, sir?
SECRETARY POWELL: We believe that war should be avoided and we have been trying to avoid a war. For 12 years, Iraq has been in violation of its obligation -- a simple obligation -- get rid of chemical, biological and nuclear weapons and weapons programs for peace and security in the region. Iraq has said no, we will not respond, we will not obey.
And then we came together several months ago and passed Resolution 1441 in the United Nations, which said you must do this or face serious consequences. And so far, Iraq continues to not comply. And therefore, as much as we have wanted peace, and we still hope for peace, we simply cannot allow Iraq to continue to have biological weapons which kill people by the hundreds and thousands, or chemical weapons of the kind that they have used against their own people and have used against their neighbors.
The United States does
not want to go to war. It is Iraq who is the problem. It is
Saddam Hussein who is keeping these weapons. What purpose
would these weapons serve in that part of the world? All we
want to see is a leadership in Iraq, a regime in Iraq, that
gets rid of these weapons and lives in peace with its
And I hope that our Pakistani friends will understand that it is important for the world not to shrink from this responsibility. We know that there may be difficult days ahead if a conflict is necessary, but we also know that such a conflict would be conducted in a way to minimize any damage or loss of life as much as possible, considering it is a conflict; and in the aftermath of that conflict, we can build a better regime that is responsive to its people and I think will live in peace with its neighbors. And that is something we should all hope for. But we still hope to avoid war.
MR. KHALIL: Well, sir, here is my second question about what people in Pakistan generally believe, and they believe that the proposed war against Iraq will result in loss of innocent life, mostly Muslims, and also in the disintegration of Iraq. Would you agree, sir?
SECRETARY POWELL: No, we are committed to the integrity of Iraq. We do not want to see Iraq break up into pieces, and that has been our commitment to anybody who asks us about it, and to the United Nations and to the neighbors in the region of Iraq.
We don't want to see life lost anywhere -- Muslim, Christian, Jew or any other life lost. But we must remember that the weapons we are talking about have already taken Muslim lives. They have been used to take the lives of Iraqis, used against their own people. Saddam Hussein has used these weapons against their own people.
We must not see him as some kind of benevolent figure who is just sitting there being persecuted by the United States. He has persecuted his own people, deprived them of their human rights, fired these terrible weapons outside of his own country against Iran and against other nations in the region.
And so that is what we are trying to deal with, not go after Muslims. If you look at what the United States has done over the past 12 years, we have gone into Kuwait -- to conquer Kuwait? No. But to free Kuwait from a Muslim invasion that came from Iraq. We did that and we went home. We didn't go to Baghdad in 1991. We came home, hoping that Baghdad would comply with the law, the United Nations.
We went to Kosovo to help Kosovo Albanians, who were Muslims. And we went to Afghanistan, as you know, your neighbor -- not for the purpose of suppressing it and keeping it under our foot or to claim it. Instead, we defeated the Taliban and we have put in place a responsible government, elected by its own people through a Loya Jirga process, a full election next year, and we are pouring hundreds of millions of dollars into Afghanistan -- not to rearm it, but to rebuild it.
And this is America's history with respect to its activities in the Muslim world. We come to help. We come to protect. We do not come to take life. We come to give a better life to the people of the nations that we have found it necessary to go and help.
MR. KHALIL: Well, sir, another question, a short one. Once the Iraq crisis is over, will the United States like to focus on resolving the festering crisis in South Asia through a just resolution of issues in the region?
SECRETARY POWELL: We have spent an enormous amount of time -- I personally have spent an enormous amount of time over the past year and a half working with the leaders of both India and Pakistan -- to defuse the crisis that brought us to the point of war last year. And I think we've played a helpful role in that regard and I also congratulate the leaders of the two countries for recognizing that it was more important to find a peaceful way forward and to begin a demobilization, which is well underway.
I do understand, however, that there is a need for dialogue to take place between India and Pakistan on all of the outstanding issues between those two nations, and especially the issue of Kashmir. And the United States will continue to do everything we can to get a dialogue started.
I think we have demonstrated clearly and rather forcefully in the last year and a half that matters in that part of the world, in South Asia, are of enormous interest to us and we try to work with all of our friends in the region, but especially with Pakistan and with India.
MR. KHALIL: Thank you very much, sir.
You're welcome.
Released on March 1, 2003


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Whatever you want to do in Texas, book your car hire today and let National take care of your transport.
National has a wide choice of convenient locations for you to pick up or drop off your hire car including airports in Dallas, Austin and Houston. Pre-booking gives you peace of mind because you know your car will be waiting for you when you land.
Texas, the legendary big country, the land of cowboys with Stetson hats, ranches and oilrigs- it's all there waiting for your visit and you can meet some of those larger-than-life, fiercely independent locals who pride themselves on being Texan, rather than citizens of the US. While the state may be famous for oil booms and vast cattle ranches, a number of natural wonders inspire visitors too. There are 90 mountains reaching over a mile in altitude and 10 per cent of Texas is covered in forest.
One of the biggest new visitor attractions in Atlanta is the new World of Coca-Cola, which kids will adore. Other great places to visit are the enormous Michael C Carlos Natural History Museum and the Stone Mountain theme park, where you'll find the world's largest exposed granite rock.
There are plenty of superb restaurants and trendy bars in downtown Atlanta, and you will discover a rich variety of bohemian and stylish neighbourhoods. But having a hire car, you'll be able to go further afield, too, and discover nearby places such as the Shields Etheridge Historic Farm in Jefferson, and the old gold mines of Dahlonega.
Atlanta airport car hire gives you access to numerous Civil War sites and you can even follow a Civil War-themed tour. From Atlanta you can easily get to idyllic southern towns such as Macon and Warm Springs, or drive down to Florida, or across to New Orleans.
Whatever your trip entails, you know that choosing Atlanta airport car hire from National means you get an all-inclusive price and receive a discount for booking online.


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Never tried a coach holiday? Why not try a taster break - designed specifically with you in mind. Been on a coach holiday before but only have a few days to spare? Then this will also be a perfect break as well. Enjoy free time in the popular resort of Bournemouth. Boasting golden beaches, beautiful parks and gardens and a busling town centre it is a delight to explore.
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text:
Hear Lorde Guest On New Bleachers Song 'Don't Take The Money'
Bleachers' Jack Antonoff has produced Lorde's second album.
Bleachers' Jack Antonoff has produced Lorde's second album.
Electro-pop oddball Grimes has revealed that she scrapped a whole album's worth of material, labelling it "depressing." Taking to her Tumblr to defend herself against reports she binned an album because of a negative fan-reaction to her Rihanna-rejected track Go, Grimes wrote, "The album was scrapped cuz it was depressing and I didn't want to


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Entry requirements
Candidates must hold at least a Second Class Honours primary degree in Science or a related subject, with an appropriate background in Biological Sciences. Candidates with three years relevant and appropriate industrial experience may also be considered.
Months of entry
Course content
This MSc aims to provide you with the skills and knowledge necessary to pursue a successful career in biotechnology. Through tutorials, lectures, assignments and a research project, the course focuses on the development and application of biological processes in research, commercial and industrial settings. The programme is suitable for applicants who have a primary degree in Biological Sciences and wish to develop a career in a sector of high employment.
Qualification and course duration
Course contact details
- Name
- Dr Mary Ní Fhlathartaigh
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- Phone
- +353 91 495 323


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You've heard this before!
"I don't know much about art, but I know what I like…" How often have you heard this phrase repeated?
Each month Loveland photographer Bob Campagna and painter Fran Judd will contribute information and ideas about art and its wonderful manifestations. We will challenge and inform you about how to personalize your most important financial investment, the purchase of your home.
Your home purchase is an adventure in the making. We think of a new home as a new canvas where all possibilities exist. When you move into your home, it will be wide open, empty, waiting for your individual imprint. When the day arrives that this is now YOUR new home, you will think about your inventory of "stuff," imagining where it should go.
Are you simply interested in placing your belongings to be functional? Or do you want to go a step further and consider how you could make your home more creative? When you walk into a house, what do you immediately notice? Maybe it's the flooring, the furniture, or even the amazing kitchen. But what makes this particular house unique?
Does the ambiance feel interesting, inviting, and instantly tell you something about the people who live there? Could just anyone live within? We want you to consider an artful approach to making your home as unique as the personalities who will live there.
So, what constitutes art? Paintings to hang on the select wall? An Italian fountain in the garden? A stunning black and white photograph? All of it…and more!
Creators of fascinating and unique art are all around us. We don't have to visit world famous museums to experience compelling art. Our communities, especially northern Colorado, are filled with artists who create with passion to make all aspects of life meaningful, even beautiful.
Certainly, you can purchase mass-produced art at numerous big box stores. Consider, does this support your local community? Does it help the local economy? And how does this create opportunities to know the arts and connect with artists?
We will focus primarily on locally created, original, one-of-a-kind art because we believe it IS good for the community and the local economy. We will suggest types of art you can purchase and give ideas for display. We will provide ideas about how and where you can connect with art and artists.
In forthcoming months, we hope you check back to this website to share our ideas and suggestions. We think you will be surprised to discover that purchasing local, original art can often be less expensive than a buying a copy or mass-produced print which so many others already have included in their décor. Dare to be original!
We welcome comments, questions, and information about art in our area. Contact Fran at firstname.lastname@example.com or Bob at firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
New 2017 Chevrolet Malibu LT
Sale Price $21,968
It is so great that you have visited our online store! Check this one out.... This NIGHTFALL GRAY METALLIC 2017 Chevrolet Malibu LT might be just the sedan for you. It has a 1.5 liter 4 Cylinder engine. This one's on the market for $27,180. With a 5-star crash test rating, this is one of the safest vehicles you can buy. It has great mileage with 27 MPG in the city and 36 MPG on the highway. Rocking a dazzling nightfall gray metal exterior and a jet black interior, this car is a great pick. Interested? Call today and take it for a spin! At Bergstrom Chevrolet of Madison, we will strive to be the recognized leader of guest service through our commitment to treat you like family! As expected you will take delivery of your new Chevrolet out of our state of the art delivery bay and your new vehicle will be hand washed to perfection with the gas gauge reading FULL! Contact Information: Bergstrom Chevrolet of Madison, 1345 Applegate Rd., Madison, WI, 53713, Phone: (608) 271-2212, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Hi, I'm Alex. I'm a lot of things, which we'll probably get into, but most importantly, I'm a God-loving, imperfect mom and wife. I started this site because I love to write and edit.
It once struck me as downright wild that some moms managed to maintain a creative life despite the hills, valleys, and general chaos of motherhood — like, "how cool are they?" So, this site is a home for this mama's musings on creative work (and a bunch of other stuff, too) in the midst of a swirling home life.
Ephesians 2:8-10
For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith — and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God — not by works, so that no one can boast. For we are God's handiwork, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to do.


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HSBC intends to reduce retail banking and may sell its US credit card arm in a bid to cut $US3.5 billion in costs and revive flagging profits.
Europe's biggest bank plans to move away from the classic retail banking sector, and focus on commercial and investment banking.
It's also getting out of countries that have proved unprofitable, like Russia, and instead plans to invest in faster growing economies like Turkey, Mexico, and wider regions, like Asia and the Middle East.
The bank is also streamlining IT operations and the operational structure.
HSBC disclosed the plans on Wednesday. The BBC reports the bank's problems were revealed on Monday after a big rise in costs.
HSBC operates in 87 markets and employs more than 287,000 people. It has 95 million customers.


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Charter Arms Pitbull 9mm snub-nosed revolver won't back down from a fight.
Revolvers chambering "rimless" rounds intended for autoloading pistols aren't all that new. These cartridges include the .45 ACP, .40 S&W and 9mm Parabellum. World War II saw several servicemen carrying revolvers that digested the same .45 ACP ammunition 1911 pistols were chambered for—a battlefield expedient necessitated by dwindling supplies of Browning's famed single-action autoloader.
Most revolver designers pull this trick off with half-moon (sometimes full-moon) clips that rest against the rear of the cylinder. This is an awkward solution that does the job but slows down the loading process. Charter Arms now offers a more elegant solution.
Charter Arms recently began offering snub-nose revolvers specifically designed to digest high-velocity pistol ammunition. The .40 S&W Pitbull was the first Charter Arms revolver chambered for an autopistol round.
The reasoning behind this choice is easy to understand. The .40 S&W cartridge was specifically designed for U.S. law enforcement use, where it enjoys high popularity. A small .40 S&W revolver would provide an excellent backup weapon for someone who carried a heavier autoloading handgun chambering the same cartridge as his or her primary duty weapon. The ability to use the same ammunition in either handgun is obvious. That's not the only advantage the new Charter Arms guns provide.
The .40 S&W is an excellent round for police work or self-defense. However, the considerably older 9mm Parabellum—which was adopted by the German Navy back in 1904—is more popular with civilian shooters. It's also a long-established standard in European countries and many other places around the globe. It also happens to be the NATO cartridge U.S. forces adopted when the .45 ACP 1911 was retired by our military. As a point in fact, the 9mm Parabellum is the world's best-selling pistol cartridge. It wouldn't enjoy such a widespread reputation if it weren't effective.
Since it was a European cartridge, some U.S. shooters were not all that familiar with it. The 9mm gained cre-
dence in this country when it was chambered in Browning's iconic Hi-Power pistol. This was once the handgun of choice among mercenaries and other professional soldiers.
The .38 Special has long been popular with those who have wanted a light-weight, concealable revolver. For many years, guns chambering this cartridge were issued to most police departments in this country. As a result, we're all familiar with the round. We're a nation of traditionalists, and the .38 Special is the cartridge that first comes to mind when we think "concealable revolvers."
If you think the 9mm doesn't measure up to the .38 Special's performance, think again. Throwing bullets of ap-proximately the same weight, the 9mm churns up some 200 fps greater velocity than the .38 Special delivers. That's true with both standard and +P loads. The 9mm is a decidedly serious defensive round that's known for doing the job.


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20 Games Like Entaku no Seito (DRPG Selection)()
Wild Terra
It is action-RPG and sandbox hybrid with building, crafting, gathering, farming and land claiming elements. There is no NPCs in game so the only way to get something is to create it by yourself or trade from other players... or take it with brutal force. However we understand that not every one have enough time to "live" in game doing everything by their selves that is why all game processes are boosted to make game a little bit casual.
We can say this about your character development as well. It is very boring to level up your character to XX-level just to take a good sword in hands and start to fight. There would be leveling anyway however it would grant you small additional benefits in combats but not major domination.
Sword Art Online: Hollow Realization
Sword Art Online: Hollow Realization is an upcoming Japanese role-playing game and the fourth game based on the Sword Art Online light novel franchise.
Citadel: Forged With Fire
"Citadel: Forged With Fire is a massive online sandbox RPG with elements of magic, spellcasting and inter-kingdom conflict. As a newly minted apprentice of the magic arts, you will set off to investigate the dangerous world of Ignus. Your goal: create a name for yourself and achieve notoriety and power among the land's ruling Houses.
You have complete freedom to pursue your own destiny; hatch plots of trickery and deceit to ascend the ranks among allies and enemies, become an infamous hunter of other players, build massive and unique castles, tame mighty beasts to do your bidding, and visit uncharted territories to unravel their rich and intriguing history. The path to ultimate power and influence is yours to choose."
The Mines of Morseph
You are Darsius, a peaceful man who was sold into slavery to the Mines of Morseph. This changed when an evil invaded the mines and killed everyone... except you. You must journey through the mines of evil to find the mine key which will lead out of the mines of death...and to your freedom.
Shovel Knight: Treasure Trove
Shovel Knight: Treasure Trove is the new name for the base Shovel Knight game. It will get all future updates and content for free just like before.
It will launch first on the Switch, during the systems launch window, and on all other platforms in April 2017. All owners of the previous version, across all platforms, will be upgraded to the new version of the game for free.
"Action RPG" A genre that defined adventure and represented the childhood of all gamers, revived, redefined, from Japan, on Steam. GOKEN will bring back everything that was right about gaming in an action packed open world environment and have the old school gamers tremble in nostalgia.
Release date: Jul 27, 2017 @ 7:07pm PDT
Fire Emblem Warriors
"Clash with legions of soldiers and fierce monsters as Marth, Xander, Corrin, and other Fire Emblem heroes unleashing over-the-top-powerful Dynasty Warriors-style moves. Take direct control of known and original Fire Emblem characters, issue them strategic commands in the midst of battle, pair up heroes to unleash stunning attacks, and more. Unlock new playable heroes, each with their own unique moves, special attacks, weapon types, and voiced dialogue in this large-scale action game from the Hyrule Warriors team."
Fae Tactics
Endlessfluff Games is working on a Turn-based Tactics/Strategy RPG.
The game is set in the same world as one of their earlier games Legend of Fae, a match 3 RPG style game.
The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time
The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time reveals the genesis of the fantasy land of Hyrule, the origin of the Triforce, and the tale of the first exploits of Princess Zelda and the heroic adventurer Link. Vibrant, real-time 3-D graphics transport you into the fantasy world of Hyrule. Your quest takes you through dense forests and across wind-whipped deserts. Swim raging rivers, climb treacherous mountains, dash on horseback across rolling hills, and delve into dungeons full of creatures that fight to the finish to put an end to your adventures. With immersive graphics, a sweeping story line, swashbuckling adventure, mind-bending puzzles, and a touch of humor, The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time is one of Nintendo's most epic challenges ever.
94 / 1004654.7
Persona 5
Persona 5 is an upcoming role-playing game currently in development by Atlus. It is chronologically the sixth installment in the Persona series, which is part of the larger Megami Tensei franchise. Persona 5 is a role-playing game in which players live out a year in the life of a high school boy who gains the ability to summon facets of his psyche, known as Personas. Dungeon exploration features additional elements from previous iterations, such as jumping across gaps or dashing between cover. Dungeons feature a mixture of fixed environments tied into the plot and theme, and randomly generated environments. Battles are based on a turn-based attack system, with the characters wielding both their Personas and two weapon types: a gun and a melee weapon. The Social Link element from Persona 3 and 4 also returns in an altered form.
99 / 100244.95
The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim VR
"A true, full-length open-world game for VR has arrived from award-winning developers, Bethesda Game Studios. Skyrim VR reimagines the complete epic fantasy masterpiece with an unparalleled sense of scale, depth, and immersion. From battling ancient dragons to exploring rugged mountains and more, Skyrim VR brings to life a complete open world for you to experience any way you choose. Skyrim VR includes the critically-acclaimed core game and official add-ons – Dawnguard, Hearthfire, and Dragonborn."
Park Bound
Park Bound is a massively multiplayer playground featuring player crafted parks. Each park contains a variety of worlds to explore, play, and meet other players. Every world presents goals and challenges to overcome with unique collectible treasures that can unlock special worlds in the park. Players can pick up jetpacks, soar the sky with hang-gliders, and even roll inside balls to complete objectives.
In Journey the player controls a robed figure in a vast desert, traveling towards a mountain in the distance. Other players on the same journey can be discovered, and two players can meet and assist each other, but they cannot communicate via speech or text and cannot see each other's names. The only form of communication between the two is a musical chime. This chime also transforms dull, stiff pieces of cloth found throughout the levels into vibrant red, affecting the game world and allowing the player to progress through the levels. The robed figure wears a trailing scarf, which when charged by approaching floating pieces of cloth, briefly allows the player to float through the air.
The developers sought to evoke in the player a sense of smallness and wonder, and to forge an emotional connection between them and the anonymous players they meet along the way. The music, composed by Austin Wintory, dynamically responds to the player's actions, building a single theme to represent the game's emotional arc throughout the story. Reviewers of the game praised the visual and auditory art as well as the sense of companionship created by playing with a stranger, calling it a moving and emotional experience. Journey won several "game of the year" awards and received several other awards and nominations, including a Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media nomination for the 2013 Grammy Awards.
84 / 1001994.2
Pokémon Ultra Sun
"Take on the role of a Pokémon Trainer and uncover new tales, and unravel the mystery behind the two forms reminiscent of the Legendary Pokémon. With new story additions and features this earns Pokémon™ Ultra Sun and Pokémon Ultra Moon the name "Ultra!" Another adventure is about to begin!
New Pokémon forms have been discovered in the Aloha region in Pokémon Ultra Sun and Pokémon Ultra Moon! These forms are reminiscent of the Legendary Pokémon Solgaleo, Lunala, and Necrozma, first revealed in Pokémon Sun and Pokémon Moon. Head out on an epic journey as you solve the mystery behind these fascinating Pokémon! In this expanded adventure, get ready to explore more of the Alola region, catch more amazing Pokémon, and battle more formidable foes in Pokémon Ultra Sun and Pokémon Ultra Moon!"
Grim Dawn
Grim Dawn is an action role-playing game intended for digital distribution on the PC. It is being developed by veterans of Iron Lore entertainment, the makers of Titan Quest. Grim Dawn is being built with Crate's own improved version of the Iron Lore engine and toolset; the same technology used to create Titan Quest. As a spiritual successor, Grim Dawn will attempt to better perfect the magical formula of exploration, character advancement, and loot collection pioneered by Diablo.
Players will be thrust into the dark, war-torn world of Cairn where a once proud empire has been brought to ruin and the human race driven to the edge of extinction. Cairn has become ground zero of an eternal war between two otherworldly powers, one seeking to use human bodies as a resource, the other intent upon destroying the human race before that can happen. This cataclysmic war has not only decimated human civilization but is warping the very fabric of reality and, in its wake, giving life to new horrors.
For humankind it is the dawn of a grim new age where iron has replaced gold as currency and the importance of salt as a weapon makes it far too valuable to waste on food. Small enclaves of human survivors exist scattered throughout the world, holed up in hidden refuges. These humans have quietly watched the warring invaders destroy one another and have become wise to the strengths and vulnerabilities of their otherworldly foes. A few survivors have begun to exhibit strange new abilities after surviving possession or exposure to the warp. These unnatural powers are feared by some but give many new hope of launching a resistance to fight the "outsiders" and reclaim what is left of their world.
You are one such individual. Blessed, or perhaps cursed, by the touch of Aetherial influence, you have powers and strength beyond that of normal men. It is now up to you to take this fearsome potential and use it against the enemies of humanity. Will you be the one to save Cairn from its grim fate? Or is humanity doomed to extinction?
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Shakes and Fidget
Shakes and Fidget is a fun fantasy RPG satire and an award-winning role-playing game at the same time! Sounds crazy? Over 50 million players make it one of the most popular online games in the world! Customize your own comic book hero and conquer the top slot of the Hall of Fame!
Tears of Avia
Tears of Avia is a turn-based tactical RPG. Play with up to 5 classes and hundreds of skills, finding the best synergy with your party and their skill loadout will mean the difference between success and failure. Run a balanced party or roll nothing but warriors, the choice is yours. With some skills being weapon bound rather than class bound, there are endless possibilities for you to experiment from.


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"I saw Dr. Willard for a basal cell carcinoma removal. He was very thorough and really explained the procedure to me and made me feel comfortable during my surgery. I am very grateful for the quality of care I received from Dr. Willard and his staff. I am healing well with minimal scarring." – Debra. S.
"I met with Dr. Reid for a skin exam and felt she really listened to me and answered all of my questions that I had. She was very informative and extremely personable and I felt reassured I was in good hands. I have been very satisfied with the service at Dermatology and Mohs Surgery Center." – Denise W.
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"The office is beautiful and the staff is so nice. The front desk staff are very friendly and helpful and the clinical staff are knowledgeable and skilled. Overall a very positive experience!" – Maryann U.


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What the Church Can Learn from Amazon's Seasonal, Nomadic, RV-loving, Retiree Army
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Measurement of transglutaminase autoantibodies (TGAA) is considered to be the most efficient single serologic test for celiac disease (CD) by the American Gastroenterological Association Institute. We hypothesized that a large international collaborative effort toward improving and standardizing TGAA measurement is both feasible and necessary. The primary aim of this workshop is to compare TGAA assays among various research and clinical laboratories and examine assay concordance and improve (and eventually standardize) the TGAA assay.
A total of 20 laboratories (5 commercial laboratories, 15 research and clinical laboratories) participated that included enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radiobinding assays. A total of 150 serum samples were distributed to each laboratory, with each laboratory receiving an equal aliquot that was coded and blinded, composed of 100 healthy control sera and 50 CD sera.
Laboratory sensitivity ranged from 69% to 93% and specificity ranged from 96% to 100%. By receiver operator characteristic analysis, the area under the curve (C index) ranged from 0.9488 to 0.9904. When analyzing for linear correlation, r-squared was as high as 0.8882 but as low as 0.4244 for the celiac samples between different laboratories performing ELISA.
This transglutaminase autoantibody workshop allows for larger-scale international participation for the purposes of improving and eventually standardizing the TGAA assay with subsequent workshops.
Since the initial 1997 report of the role of tissue transglutaminase in celiac disease (CD), nearly 600 articles have been published on transglutaminase autoantibodies (TGAA) in CD (1). Measurement of TGAA currently serves to (i) aid in the diagnosis of CD, (ii) identify individuals with the presence of celiac autoimmunity who are considered to be at risk of developing CD, and (iii) guide clinicians in managing patients with CD on a gluten-free diet. Furthermore, TGAA can serve as a means of selecting individuals for clinical trials aimed at disease prevention or natural history observational studies. In view of the increasing use and the increasing number of laboratories worldwide that offer TGAA testing, there is a clear need for standardization (2,3). Ideally, reference sera for developing and standardizing new assays using international units should be available to all laboratories.
A prior TG autoantibody workshop in 2000 led to the availability of standardized reference sera created by the European working group and helped standardize measurement of TGAA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at that time (4). This current workshop format is different in that it seeks not to standardize certain aspects of the assay procedure (although it may be necessary in the future), but to allow each participating laboratory to perform and report the assay in their usual fashion, so that comparison of different assay formats is possible. The data are shared with all participating laboratories to allow each laboratory to independently improve their assay based on our shared findings.
It has previously been suggested that TGAA measurement by radiobinding assay (RBA) is more sensitive and specific than ELISA (5). Autoantibody workshops in type 1 diabetes have shown that RBA is superior to ELISA in measuring the major diabetes autoantibodies of insulin and IA-2 (6). On the other hand, ELISA assays measuring glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies currently perform better in these workshops, but few studies have used these ELISAs in longitudinal studies to correlate with disease development. RBAs have also been used in systemic lupus erythematosis to measure anti-dsDNA (7) and anti-RNP autoantibodies (8). Furthermore, RBA has also been used as a molecular-based method of detecting autoantibodies against cytochrome CYP2D6 (also known as anti-liver-kidney microsomal antibodies) in autoimmune hepatitis (9) reportedly with better sensitivity. The aim of the current workshop is to provide feedback to a participating laboratory in terms of assay performance, and to allow for individual laboratory comparison with other laboratory peers. Secondary aims include examining assay concordance (to eventually facilitate standardization efforts) and comparing the fluid-phase RBA to the solid-phase ELISA assays, as part of an effort to identify the best-performing assay formats. Commercial laboratories do not generally perform RBA due to the necessity of handling radioactive waste products and because prior assay formats were prohibitive for large-scale use. However, newer assay formats allow high-throughput analysis on a 96-well assay plate, and have virtually become the standard for measuring certain autoantibodies. We hypothesized that a large international collaborative effort is feasible and could lead to improvement and eventual standardization of TGAA assays.
A total of 20 laboratories (5 commercial laboratories, 15 research and clinical laboratories) participated (see APPENDIX for list of participating laboratories). The 15 laboratories performed measurements using 16 ELISAs and 5 RBAs. Nine of the assays used commercial ELISA kits performed in their own institution, one laboratory utilized a modified version of a commercial kit and one laboratory used an in-house ELISA. The five commercial producers performed their own ELISA assay. All results from participating laboratories were de-identified and coded as Labs A through T to ensure confidentiality. All laboratories performed their assay and reported the results in their usual fashion, with their standard interpretation as POSITIVE or NEGATIVE. Some laboratories also reported some results as "indeterminate" or "indifferent," and those results were considered NEGATIVE in the final analysis. Other information regarding general assay methods (i.e., laboratory cutoff for positivity, type of TG substrate, detection method, fluid-phase or solid-phase, etc.) was also provided by each laboratory.
Six laboratories contributed sera (2 ml) from individuals with CD as defined by accepted clinical criteria including small bowel biopsy, for the workshop: Liping Yu (University of Colorado), Claudio Tiberti (University of Rome), Daniel Agardh (Lund University), Markku Maki (University of Tampere), Olli Simell (University of Turku), and Ingrid van Hoogstraten (Vrije Universiteit Medical Center). One laboratory (Yu) contributed 20 samples, whereas the remaining 5 laboratories contributed a total of 21 samples. The healthy control sera were provided by Dr Patricia Mueller from the CDC, from individuals not known to have CD or type 1 diabetes. These control sera were originally used as negative controls for the Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program workshops, held in collaboration between the Immunology of Diabetes Society and the CDC (10). A total of 150 serum samples were distributed to each laboratory, with each laboratory receiving an equal aliquot (70–100 μl of serum) that was coded and blinded regarding clinical information, composed of 100 healthy control sera and 50 CD sera. The 50 CD sera included 30 samples from untreated patients, 11 samples from patients on a gluten-free diet (duration 2 months–2 years), 4 samples as replicates of one of the samples from the untreated patients, and 5 samples that were serial dilutions of one sample, at dilutions of 1:16, 1:32, 1:64, 1:128, and 1:256. Sera were diluted with sera from a healthy negative control sample. All sera were sent by express courier to each laboratory, with the sera randomized and coded 0 through 150. There was the potential for any sera in question to be sent back to a "reference" laboratory for testing, to control for any variables with shipping, but this was not needed during the study. Of the celiac sera, 28 samples were from children age 18 or less (the youngest was 3 years 9 months old), and 18 samples were from individuals also known to have type 1 diabetes.
All laboratories contributing sera were required to have IRB or appropriate review board approval for human research. This study was performed in compliance with all HIPAA regulations.
All laboratories were aware of only their laboratory identifying code (A through T), and the results of all the assays were shared by all participating laboratories. There were three independent analyzers (EL, EB, MS) who then shared their analysis before presenting the final analysis to the entire group. Information regarding sensitivity, specificity, receiver operator characteristic curves, laboratory concordance, coefficient of variation, and limits of detection were included in the analysis and performed using GraphPad Prism version 4.0. Correlation is measured by Pearson's r-test.
There was 100% participation and follow-up. All laboratories reported TGAA results in their own units and provided interpretation for each serum. The specificity ranged from 96% to 100%. The highest sensitivity (93%) with 100% specificity was achieved by two RBA. The sensitivity and specificity for each laboratory is shown in Figure 1 (for all sera excluding those that were serially diluted). We identified some laboratories with substantially lower sensitivity or specificity and were able to provide them with that information.
The overall analysis is shown in Table 1, providing the sensitivity/specificity for each laboratory, as well as area under the curve by receiver operator characteristic analysis. Coefficients of variation (CV) from the five samples in replicate are provided, but the sera saturated the signals in some laboratory assays (reported values as "greater than X"), so that coefficients of variation could not be assessed for all laboratories.
There were 11 sera from individuals reportedly on a gluten-free diet. Three sera from CD patients on gluten-free diet for either 2 months, 1 year, and 2 years duration, were undetectable by all laboratories. These three sera were the only CD sera reported negative by the three laboratories (Labs K, P, and F) with the highest sensitivity, all of which utilize the RBA. Therefore, no laboratory in this workshop had a detection rate greater than 42% of 45%, or 93% sensitivity. Lab P had also reported a modified version of their standard RBA (not included in this analysis), which did detect one of these three sera, and yielded a sensitivity with 95%, specificity of 100%, and an area under the curve of 0.987. Of the remaining eight sera from individuals on a gluten-free diet, one sample was reported as negative by 17 of the 21 assays, but all of the remaining samples were positive by all laboratories. RBA more frequently identified the sera from celiac patients as positive than ELISA. If TGAA titers do indeed decrease in individuals on a gluten-free diet, then differences in detecting TGAA in such sera could represent differences in assay sensitivity. On the other hand, it may be that some assays do not detect TGAA in gluten-free treated sera because of possible conformational changes in autoantibody specificity.
Figure 2 illustrates the frequency of which a particular laboratory reported a celiac sample as negative, as compared to all of the other participating laboratories.
To assess limits of detection, serial dilutions were performed for a single sample. The limit of detection ranged from the 1:128 dilution to the 1:16 dilution. The RBA provided the highest sensitivity in ability to detect diluted samples, but none were able to detect sera diluted at 1:256 (Figure 3).
When the data are analyzed according to signal-to-noise ratio (dividing the signal for a positive test by the cutoff for the assay), the RBA in general provided the highest ratio of a positive signal relative to background. This is illustrated by showing the mean data and standard deviations for all positive sera expressed as a ratio of the signal divided by the assay cutoff, for RBA and ELISA assays (Figure 4). The ELISA assays were unable to provide further increased signal for high-titered sera, typically saturating at signals that were only 10 times the upper limit of normal. On the other hand, the RBA is able to continue to provide a steady increase in signal over 100 times the upper limit of normal for high-tittered sera. It is important to note, however, that the ELISA assays together provided less variation in signal-to-noise, suggesting that there is more "uniformity" among ELISAs as compared to RBA.
In assessing the correlation between various assays, some assays did indeed provide excellent correlation, whereas others demonstrated a more nonlinear relationship upon direct comparison (Figure 5). This indicates that assay units vary and are not strictly comparable, and that increments in units do not always follow a linear relationship between assays. Therefore, changes in titer will have different meanings in the various assays. The five commercial producers showed correlations with each other ranging from 0.8466 to as high as 0.9514 (r-squared). It is important to note also that for participating laboratories utilizing kits from the same manufacturer, there was excellent correlation ranging from 0.7577 for one kit to 0.9682 for another kit (r-squared). Other laboratory assays did not fare so well when compared with other kits, with r-squared values as low as 0.4244 on head to head comparison.
Finally, as receiver operator characteristic analysis was performed for each laboratory, the optimum cutoff for each assay was determined for this workshop (Table 2). On the basis of this analysis, one can see that it is possible to adjust the cutoff of most ELISA assays to provide sensitivities and specificities as good as that of the RBA, suggesting that most ELISA assays have sufficient differences between a positive and negative signal that allow for the potential of optimization. However, some assays still performed suboptimally (adjusted sensitivity less than 90%) despite adjustments in the cutoff to provide 99–100% specificity.
Measurement of immunoglobulin A antibody to human recombinant tissue transglutaminase is recommended for initial testing for CD and is considered the most efficient single serologic test for the detection of CD by the American Gastroenterological Association Institute (11). In addition, the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition's Celiac Disease Guideline Committee recommends the measurement of transglutaminase autoantibodies after the institution of a GFD "to demonstrate a decrease in antibody titer as an indirect indicator of dietary adherence and recovery (12). Therefore, proficient and quantitative assays for measurement of TGAA are necessary for effective screening and monitoring in CD. Given the countless laboratories that perform the TGAA assay and the importance of this single test, the need for standardization of the TGAA assay is clear, as indicated by the NIH Consensus Development Panel on Celiac Disease in 2004 (13). This is a report of the first of a series of TGAA workshops that are planned over the next several years. The purpose of these workshops is to foster a collaborative environment as a forum to improve assay performance for the measurement of TGAA, and to set the groundwork for international standardization. To sponsor an objective and nonthreatening autoantibody workshop, all of the sera were coded and blinded to the participating laboratories, and the laboratory identities were hidden from their reported results, even though all laboratories had access to the entire dataset. This format has allowed direct comparison between different TGAA assays as performed by each individual laboratory or commercial producer, in particular, it allows for an objective comparison between ELISA and RBA formats. One participating laboratory has already reported an improvement in assay performance by changing their source of human recombinant TG. Another laboratory discovered problems with their reagents and equipment software.
The results of this workshop highlight several major points:
There are important differences between ELISA and RBA that likely affect the performance of these assays. ELISA assays are performed with TG substrate bound to a 96-well plate. A patient's serum is added to the well, which allows TGAA bind onto the plate. Therefore, autoantibody-antigen binding occurs in the solid phase. The autoantibody is then detected using various detection methods such as horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase. The RBA is typically performed in the following fashion: patient sera are preincubated with 35S-labeled TG to allow for autoantibody-antigen binding in the fluid phase. The mixture is then placed on a 96-well filtration plate loaded with anti-immunoglobulin A beads to bind the autoantibody-antigen complex, and then excess radiolabeled TG is removed by filtration. The plates are read on a β-counter with results expressed as counts per minute. The two major differences between ELISA and RBA are solid vs. fluid-phase binding, and the method of detection. Potential antigen binding sites may be hidden or undergo conformation changes when plate bound but not in solution, decreasing the effectiveness of an assay. One example of this is illustrated by the current difficulties in measuring human insulin autoantibodies by ELISA but not by RBA. Furthermore, the use of radiolabeled substrate over enzymatic reaction for detection of autoantibodies allows for the potential of unlimited signal for a high-titered sera, as it is measured as counts per minute.
One of the limitations with this workshop is that most celiac samples supplied were high-titered sera for TGAA, and less from the low to medium-range of TGAA, which could affect sensitivity, area under the curve and other assay performance determinations. Nearly half of the celiac samples for the workshop were contributed by a single laboratory (identified through both clinical and research-based assays, measured, and identified by either a commercial ELISA or in-house RBA) so some selection bias might be present as well. This could potentially affect the overall comparisons for which that particular laboratory was included, but would not affect results that highlight individual laboratory performances. In addition, some of the CD sera were from individuals that also had type 1 diabetes, and were otherwise asymptomatic. It is unknown whether the coexistence of additional autoimmune diseases would affect TGAA characteristics or their measurement, but the objective in this workshop is to detect TGAA regardless of clinical status provided there was biopsy confirmation of CD, and to assess laboratory consensus for positivity. For example, despite sampling sera from individuals reportedly on a gluten-free diet, most still had TGAA detectable by all laboratories. Even in the three CD sera that were negative by all laboratories, one should still be cautious in declaring that these individuals were absolutely TGAA negative, as their presence or absence could be a function of the assay's limits of detection. Furthermore, the reported sensitivity/specificity in this paper applies only to our findings in this workshop, particularly as 11 individuals on a GFD were included in the analysis. Exluding the 11 subjects in contention, the overall sensitivity and specificity is as shown in Table 3. Four laboratories had a 100% sensitivity when adjusting for untreated patients, with specificities of 98–100%. Three out of these four laboratories were RBA.
Individual assay dynamics have been previously analyzed in terms of quantitative ability. In this workshop, most celiac samples that were negative in ELISA assays showed low levels of TGAA in a RBA. The prognostic value of these low-intermediate TGAA levels remains to be established. In addition, some ELISA assays became saturated at higher levels of TGAA. Although this could be easily adjusted for by performing further dilutions to quantify high-titered sera, it might not be routinely done even though quantitative discrimination at the high values might be important for monitoring autoantibody responses to a gluten-free diet. On the other hand, the adjusted sensitivity and specificity indicate that some ELISAs have the capacity to perform well and possibly even better than the RBAs. In addition, there is less variability in the ELISAs overall. Therefore, there is the potential for TGAA measurement by ELISA to be among the best-performing assays. This remains to be determined through future TGAA workshops.
In summary, TGAA is the most widely used antibody assay for the diagnosis, and monitoring of CD. The best TGAA assays in the world should be identified so that current methods can be improved upon, rather than continuing to insist on utilizing inaccurate tests. One would not accept a "clock that tells time poorly (14)". Likewise, one should not tolerate assays that perform suboptimally regardless of the field of study. Workshops such as this one designed to compare assays and to promote efforts to share methods to improve the assay are necessary to advance the field. Therefore, it may be necessary to develop a common fundamental protocol, thus standardizing many aspects of the assay. In addition, through use of standardized sera, there will be the potential for standardizing the reporting internationally, so that all assays will be comparable from laboratory to laboratory. Referring physicians are often faced with samples that are sent to different laboratories producing different assay results. Thus, it is very difficult to compare TGAA values obtained at different time points for the same patient when the samples are sent to different laboratories. It is also difficult for clinicians to be able to relate to different normal ranges and different assay units and, indeed, tests with difference performance characteristics. It would greatly improve the simplicity for testing if there was a standardization of units for reporting and if assay performance were fairly tightly correlated. The participants of this Transglutaminase Autoantibody Workshop would like to make an appeal to government institutions and centralized agencies to take on this challenge, and to institute a Celiac Disease Antibody Standardization Program, similar to one currently being sponsored by the CDC for type 1 diabetes (10).
Financial support: the project was funded by Edwin Liu's K08 Career Development Award. We also acknowledge the following support for their contributions to the center, which is necessary for the entire workshop mechanism to exist: National Institutes of Health grant M01RR00069, General Clinical Research Center program in the National Center for Research Resources, NIH grants DK RO1-DK50979, DK32083, DK32493, Autoimmunity Center of Excellence grant U19AI46374, Diabetes Endocrine Research Center P3057516, Autoimmunity Prevention Center grant 5U19AI50864, and Immune Tolerance Network Autoantibody Core Laboratory.
There was no support from any private or commercial group.
|Joe Murray
|Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, USA
|Kristin Leiferman/John Zone
|University of Utah, USA
|Dongmei Miao/Liping Yu
|Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, USA
|Martin Stern
|University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
|Claudio Tiberti/Margherita Bonamico
|Department of Clinical Sciences and Paediatrics, University of Rome, Italy
|Ezio Bonifacio
|Diabetes Research Institute, Munich, Germany
|Kaija Laurila/Markku Maki
|University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
|Mary von Blomberg/Ingrid van Hoogstraten
|Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
|Joseph McMann/Ritu Verma
|Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
|Ake Lernmark/Daniel Agardh
|Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
|Philip Bufler/Sibylle Koletzko
|Dr V. Haunershes Kinderspital, University of Munich, Germany
|Jo Wilson/Devasenan Devendra
|Central Middlesex Hospital & Imperial College, London, UK
|Alistair Williams
|University of Bristol, UK
|Hannah Kakkula/Olli Simell
|University of Turku, Finland
|James Goeken
|University of Iowa, USA
|Trieste, Italy
|San Diego, California, USA
|San Diego, California, USA
|Radim Diagnostics*
|Pomezia, Italy
|The Binding Site*
|Birmingham, UK
Conflict of Interest: All of the authors have no financial disclosures or conflicts of interest with the publication of this paper.
Potential competing interests: there are none. All laboratories are blinded and deidentified.
Guarantor of the article: Edwin Liu, MD.
Specific author contributions: Marcella Li: performed the bulk of the labor with organizing/aliquoting the sera, shipping, and performing related assays; Liping Yu: responsible for the quality control of our radioassay and also helped with data analysis, trouble shooting, planning details of the workshop. Our laboratory was used as a "reference lab"; Claudio Tiberti: contributed sera to the workshop, helped plan initial stages of workshop and paper preparation; Margherita Bonamico: participated in data analysis and paper preparation; Iman Taki: in charge of collecting the bulk of our sera at the institution and organizing the workshop; Dongmei Miao: technician performed radioassay and also performed the assay to serve as a reference for other laboratories; Joseph A. Murray: organized the workshop and paper preparation; Marian J. Rewers: contributed sera for our laboratory and helped plan the workshop; Edward J. Hoffenberg: mentor for the senior author, provided help in planning the workshop and recruiting participants; Daniel Agardh: contributed sera for the workshop, data analysis, and paper preparation; Patricia Mueller: contributed the control sera for the workshop, data analysis, and paper preparation; Martin Stern and Ezio Bonifacio: planned the details of the workshop, data analysis, and paper preparation; Edwin Liu: organized the workshop, communication with participants, overseeing our laboratory, data analysis, and paper preparation.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Dromida RE183 2-in-1 Brushed ESC/3-Channel Receiver Unit w/Servo
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This is a replacement Dromida RE183 2-in-1 Brushed ESC/3-Channel Receiver Unit with attached Steering Servo. This unit features the brushed ESC, 3-Channel Waterproof Receiver and Steering Servo (horn not included). This unit features all wires attached with connectors.
This product was added to our catalog on February 15, 2017.