text:
Refrigeration equipment piping questoions & answers for installing air conditioners & heat pumps:
How-to and diagnostic questions & answers about the installation of HVAC refrigerant system piping or tubing. These questions add details about selecting, mounting, and connecting refrigeration tubing or piping used in air conditioner & heat pump systems.
This air conditioning repair article series discusses the refrigeration piping requirements, insulation, mechanical fastening, and allowable distances as well as errors in air conditioning refrigerant piping installations that risk future refrigerant leaks or malfunction in the cooling equipment.
Green links show where you are. © Copyright 2017 InspectApedia.com, All Rights Reserved.
These questions & answers about refrigerant gas piping installation, repair, troubleshooting were posted originally at REFRIGERANT PIPING INSTALLATION or else at the bottom of this page.
On2017-06-12 by (mod) re: effect on charge requirement of using a larger diameter refrigerant pipe
No, not as long as the refrigerant charge volume is correct. When there is a larger refrigerant piping than factory specifications, depending on the total length of that tubing and thus its total volume, the refrigerant charge may need to be increased accordingly.
On2017-06-12 by Ravinder
Hi copper pipe of5/8 was installed few months back. Now I have bought 1 ton split. Pipe with the split is 3/8 . Fitting is concealed I can't change will it effect the cooling
On2017-06-09 by (mod) re: "Space between refigerant piping"
Sorry Nik
I don't see your question nor an "X" answer.
I also don't think there's a single "Right answer" for an un-specific question. For example some HVACR designs deliberately put the suction and high pressure lines in *direct contact* as an effort to improve efficiency of some operations.
And there are separate questions about spacing between refrigerant piping hangers or supports that depend on the piping material and where it's being run.
This refrigeration handbook from HVAC Education in Australia is nearly exhaustive: http://www.hvaceducationaustralia.com/Resources/PDF/DuPont%20Refrigerant%20Piping%20Handbook.pdf
On2017-06-09 by Nik
So the only question I needed to see answered was about spacing between refrigerant piping, and it was answered with "x". Thanks, whatever the love that's supposed to mean
On2017-05-19 by (mod) re: hissing sound along refrigerant pipes
I'm not sure what's happening Shehu. If there was a refrigerant leak that you heard hissing, the system will very quickly stop cooling.
Refrigerant bubbles inside of piping usually mean the refrigerant charge is too low (or there is a sticky TEV).
The condensate along the refrigerant piping suggests that it is not insulated where it should be.
On2017-05-18 by Shehu
After installing my 1HP split AC, on testing, it gives a low hissing soung along the length of the pipes. I also noticed condensate and water droplets along the whole length of the pipe. I had to extend the pipe as a result of the distance from the room to where the outdoor unit is to be located.
On2017-05-02 by Tyrone
Yes I will be sure to add the extra refrigerant and insulate the pipes. I was just concerned about the two vertical runs playing havoc with the refrigerant oil or the performance of the system.
On2017-05-02 00:37:28.922238 by Sam
I have just installed an air con with a long pipe run and as such I need to add some extra refrigerant (50 grams to be exact). The system uses R32 refrigerant, however I only have R410A refrigerant, would it be ok to add the extra 50g of R410A into the system or will this not be comparable with the R32 refrigerant already in the system? I know the proper solution is to just buy a tank of R32 but I don't do much work with this refrigerant and it is hard for me to get.
On2017-05-01 by (mod) re: don't forget to calculate the volume of refrigerant needed when increasing piping lengths
Don't forget to calculate the additional refrigerant that will be needed, and be meticulous about insulating the suction line so that you don't have condensate drips into the ceiling.
On2017-05-01 by Tyrone
I am installing a split air conditioner onto a block wall and the only way to run the pipes without having to have ducting going half way around my room is to take the pipes up into the ceiling through the attic and then down the other side of the building. This means the pipes will go up about 2.6m, across the attic about 7m then about 3m down the other side of the building to the compressor.
Will this piping arrangement be ok, will there be any major downsides to this approach. P.S. The drain can be taken outside another way so this is not a concern.
On2017-04-29 y (mod) re: conventions for colors and connections of high pressure & low pressure refrigerant gauge lines
see GAUGE, REFRIGERATION PRESSURE TEST - at http://inspectapedia.com/aircond/Refrigeration_Test_Gauge_Guide.php for an explanation of the color conventions for high and low pressure lines
On2017-04-29 by Randy
Want line is the low side the thin line or the fat line
On2017-04-25 by (mod) re: vibration in HVAC equipment
Vibration that is new in an existing HVAC installation suggests loose or lost mounting bolts or perhaps a failing electric motor. I would not expect refrigerant piping to itself be a cause of noise except where it's not secured and is telegraphing mechanical equipment vibration.
On2017-04-25 by tim
new unit installed almost 2 years ago. cools great but I am also getting vibration and when the unit kicks on, I get a louder than normal thud sound inside the house, and when it shuts off, I get another sound that is impossible to describe, like a ping pong ball bouncing on the floor(twice). the return line coming out of the unit into the house is not that long, about 18 inches but it has a 90 degree elbow to angle it into the house. Is that correct and could that be causing some of my noise
On2017-01-27 by (mod) re: loop in refrigerant line?
I really can't guess from just the information in your message. A loop in refrigerant tubing, particularly outside at the compressor/condenser unit may be proper and good practice to give flexibility against vibration damage.
On2017-01-26 by Donna
Just had a Lennox split system installed. The refrigerant line and the condensation line were installed on the outside of the air handler cabinet in a loop. The air handler is in a closet in my home. It looks very strange.
Is this an acceptable installation?
Thank you.
On2017-01-12 y Ken
What would be the estimate of moving piping and electrical from inside to outside of house into attic due to a home remodel. Don't need to move the unit or electrical panel, just the copper piping and electrical
On2016-11-29 by (mod) re: ok to braze a larger pipe onto the indoor and outdoor units?
Probably not, unless the total piping distance is small. What does the manufacturer say is their recommended pipe size for your A/C brand and model?
On2016-11-29 by Ezema Solomon
I have a 1 HP AC installed already whose high and low side use 1/4 and 3/8 inch pipes respectively but would like to change it to 1.5 HP AC of 1/4 and 1/2 inch pipes. Would it be right to just braze a short lenght of 1/2 inch pipe to the indoor and outdoor units of the existing 3/8 inch pipe or should the 3/8 inch pipe be replaced entirely? Thanks
On2016-11-25 by (mod) re: Can I run 2 parallel refrigerant lines instead of changing to a larger diameter?
Sounds messy to me. You'll still have to join the 2 lines at either end, plus you're increasing risk of failure wight more components.
Finally, search inspectapedia.com for
Volume of a cylinder to see that the recommended larger line is not == what you propose in volume.
On2016-11-25 21:53:22.299456 by Greg Lane
I had a 3 ton split system and I am upgrading to 5 ton. Based on the length of the run 50 feet the vendor says to use a 1 1/8 suction line. The old line is fine and is 3/4. Rather than run a new 1 1/8 line can I run a second 3/4 line and with the two parallel lines be ok.
I am running the piping for my central air unit. I will have a qualified HVAC technician make the connections.
I have no problem bending the smaller 3/8 tubing. However, I am having a difficult time installing the ¾ line without crimping the pipe.
My question is can I use standard ¾ inch cooper piping instead of the ¾ in tubing? I'm good at plumbing.
I could then neatly run the pipe to within a foot of the condenser and coil and have the technician complete the install. Thanks for your help and the great website. Steve
Certainly I've seen [DJF] commercial HVAC installations where larger diameter soldered-joint copper piping was used for refrigeration liquid or gas movement - there is no conceptual problem with that approach but
Incidentally, among my plumbing tools I keep a set of tightly coiled springs of appropriate inner-diameter to slip over flexible copper tubing that needs to be bent without crimping or kinking. These springs, sold at HVAC suppliers, slip over the tubing in the area where you want to make the bend, and the steel of the spring holds the copper tubing keeping it round so that you can make a bend without any crimps.
Also you may have noticed that even smaller diameter flexible copper tubing can become increasingly difficult to bend and re-bend in the same area of tubing. That's because as you bend the tubing the heat of the bending process alone is sufficient to anneal the copper, making it harder. So we try to get the bends nice and neat and right the first time.
Need to know what kind of fitting is used on a Carrier Air conditioner that attaches freon line to condensing unit - VInce
Vince the two common piping attachment on refrigeration lines are soldered/brazed copper tubing at which a female connecting end is prepared using a swaging tool, and in some communities, carefully-prepared flare fittings. Details are in the article above.
Is it safe to have all copper refrigerant lines installed on the outside of the house? Thank you, Caren
A competent onsite inspection by an expert usually finds additional clues that help understand whether or not there are problems with your air conditioning system or its installation details. If you see signs of amateur workmanship on one part of the system it's appropriate to raise a question about other installation details that may not have been noticed, and thus to take a closer look.
That said, it is perfectly normal for copper air conditioner or heat pump piping to continue outside the house in order to connect to and from the compressor/condenser unit.
However air conditioner manufacturers and other expert sources include installation instructions that specify that the refrigerant lines should be insulated, supported, and wrapped with a weatherproof protective tape. Also be sure that the opening in the building wall where the refrigerant lines emerge has been properly sealed against leaks and insect pests.
(July 5, 2011) Maura said:
What would cause the refrigerant lines to vibrate so loudly it sounded like a freight train? What is considered normal vibration of the gas line? Because now causes copper line to vibrate very loudly. The new unit was installed last year, but problem just started. Thank you for any advice you can offer
Refrigerant lines don't normally cause vibration noises, since they are expected to be covered with foam insulation and thus wouldn't transmit vibration to the building; but if the equipment to which the lines are attached is itself vibrating it is certainly possible that the copper tubing carrying refrigerant could pick up that motion and where the tubing is in contact with the building it could transmit vibration noises.
Don't "solve" the problem by just isolating the piping from the building with foam - that's treating the symptombut not an underlying problem.
I'd start by looking for the source of vibration - it's more likely to be a compressor that is not mounted properly, has some loose component, or if originating indoors, a loose fan motor mount or blower assembly. Let us know what you find as it may help other readers.
Thank you Dan I will try to explain exactly what happened. Had a power outage about 2 weeks ago, when the power came back on an extremly loud noise was coming from basement. It was the lines coming from ac unit. Noise was very loud! Turned circuit breaker off than back on it stopped. Unit was also working. Called ac guys said it was a power surge, I don't know.
Then a few days later the lines started to make a similar noise but not as loud turning power off did not stop it. Realized copper pipe was vibrating up against insulated pipe. Called ac guys again because noise would not stop all they did was tape the copper wiring to stop the vibrating not really addressing why it is happening in first place. I asked if it might be a problem with compressor. Asked them check they put a hardstarter on which I know I don't need because that is not the problem. Then again last night air cycled on, the very very loud noise started again only lasted 10 seconds and stopped.
AC guys just left still telling me possible brown outs from electric co. I don't think so. Have you ever heard of anythin like this? Shoul I have them replace compressor it is still under warranty. Thank you very much any advice would be helpful.
We need to know if the vibration originates with the outside compressor/condenser or the indoor air handler unit. If it's outside in origin, and because replacing a compressor is costly, you'd sure want that done (if needed) under warranty. A power surge can damage a control board - in fact more likely than damaging the compressor itself. I'd ask for some more careful testing of the equipment that is buzzing.
Thank you Dan, it is definitely coming from the compressor/ condenser unit and much more than a buzzing noise. If you email your phone# I will call you and play back the recordings of the noise they are extremely loud!!! I am not sure if what ac guys are telling is accurate. Again thank you for your expertise, I greatly appreciate.
Having just arrived on an assignment out of the U.S., a phone playback is probably not practical, but certainly from what you have described, an accurate diagnosis of just what part(s) is (are) failing is in order; call the service co and ask them to send a senior technician. You might point out that the first tech, who taped the lines, appears not to have the experience to recognize that there is a problem.
You can also ask your electric company if they have been reducing voltage or if there have been brownouts in your area - explaining that you are diagnosing an electrical question, and making clear you aren't coming to them with a claim.
(Apr 10, 2012) Joe said:
I am installing a 'mini-split' style 3 ton a/c unit. I absolutely can not use copper lines in my facility. It has been done previously using hoses and connectors. What is the max PSI on a typical split 3 ton units refridg. lines?
Joe: take a look at the specifications for operating pressure of the equipment you are installing. Typically you could be looking at a safe pressure rating of 200-400 psi. And the rating for hoses protected with metal braiding.
See REFRIGERANT PRESSURE READINGS & CHARTS
(Apr 24, 2012) MHND said:
what is the effect of short pipes between indoor & outdoor split AC unit
MHND maybe you need to send me a photo - I don't understand the question. The refrigerant charge on a system with long piping could require adjustment, and of course the pipes have to be supported and insulated, but they don't impact the system operation in either direction of length other than computing the proper charge quantity.
Now if you mean that a compressor/condenser was installed with no slack or loop to allow the piping to tolerate vibration, that's asking for a refrigerant leak.
(June 6, 2012) Soo said:
We just bought a new home and discovered that the home inspector and the county inspector both missed the fact that the refigerant lines outside the house going to the compressor are buried underground. There is a concern now that we have a freon leak in that 30 foot section of pipe that is outside and under a foot of dirt. If the lines were insulated prior to being buried, is the concern of a leak valid?
The diagnosis of a refrigerant leak will center around the operation of your system and refrigerant charge measurement, not the refrigerant pipe routing. However depending on your climate and the insulating materials used, your piping insulation may not be effective.
Burying refrigerant lines was probably done to avoid damage that might occur to lines routed over ground for the distance you describe, though we don't understand why there was a need for 30 feet of separation distance. Happily the shallow depth means it's trivial to excavate and replace leaky piping, perhaps using a protected conduit for the replacement to make service in the future easier.
(June 9, 2012) Cliff said:
I had a small block of ice around the the refrigerant line coming from ac unit outside after running it. What does this indicate?
Ice on a short exposed section of refrigerant line most often means that insulation is missing at that location. Persistent icing at the coil or other locations can indicate low charge and a refrigerant leak.
(June 11, 2012) Zev said:
Can running a central A/C unit set for 66F for along periods of time damage the unit. I live in Washington, DC where it's frequently hot and humid.
Zev, running a central A/C for "long periods" - even several days at a time should not damage the unit, though it may damage your wallet when the electrical bill arrives. The equipment and its wiring and overcurrent protection, if properly installed, is designed to safely operate continuously for extended intervals.
(June 22, 2012) Bobby said:
I live in Denver and keep my a/c set around 65-67F degrees. Recently, with the hotter temps and moderately higher humidity, the compressor has been tripping the breaker, causing the unit to blow warm air. I just moved from New Orleans 6 months ago and am not familiar with differences in a/c performance/limitations between NO and Denver.
My landlord's a/c tech says that the higher altitude will cause the a/c system to be overworked if the thermostat is set below 72F. I have been unable to find any information to substantiate his assertion. Is there any truth to this?
Bobby if the circuit breaker is tripping the compressor motor or some other component is drawing abnormally high current - a sign of trouble. It's possible that a failing compressor motor doesn't show up until it's been working extra hard.
In sum Bobby, I have not come across your landlord's claim. more likely the compressor is failing and drawing overcurrent, or is hard starting.
(June 24, 2012) david said:
I have received quotes from different companies to replace my 20 year old 4 ton central a/c system. The existing system has 3/4 inch copper tubing for the refrigerant. I am looking at replacing the unit to a 4 ton Infinity or Performance series Carrier or a XR or XLi series Trane system.
One company said that it would be necessary to run a new 7/8" line. Another company said the existing line would be fine as the newer refrigerant flows easier. The esimated lentgh of the run between the air handler (inside the house) and the compressor (outside of house)is about 50'. What is the correct answer.
David, I don't know why the piping needs replacement unless it's damaged or leaky. A larger pipe just means a larger refrigerant charge, right? Please ask the first co why a new line is needed. The "flow easier" argument sounds nonsensical to me but probably that's because the fellow speaking with you was not an English major.
Perhaps what was meant was that to achieve adequate refrigerant flow rate in a high capacity system larger diameter piping is required.
(June 29, 2012) JohnSmith said:
My refrigerant lines go about 10' vertically down the outside wall of my house. They are right next to each other. If I solder them together would it increase the efficiency of my unit? It's a 3.5 ton R22 heat pump. Thanks.
In general I think the answer is yes. How about giving the manufacturer of your unit a call at their tech support number for confirmation that you're not creating any problem. I wouldn't do it, however. I'd worry about creating oxidized crud inside the piping - which then fouls the refrigerant metering equipment, as well as increasing line rigidity, perhaps increasing damage risk, and certainly making future refrigerant line replacement more costly.
(July 28, 2012) Steve said:
If the tech left more coolant line than needed but still charged the unit for the amount of line he had will the unit still work as it is supposed to.
Steve I'm not sure "more coolant line than needed" is quite the case - good practice leaves some slack, even an extra coil, so that vibration and slight movement don't rip open a brazed refrigerant piping joint.
The refrigerant charge used by the HVAC tech normally includes an allowance for the total length (and diameter) of piping in the system. If the charge is too low you'll probably discover it as frosting at the cooling coil.
(Aug 19, 2012) Tom D said:
I have concealed 1/4 and 1/2 inch copper lines that feed my existing split case heat pump that recently died. Can I reuse these lines for a larger size heat pump system that says is needs 3/8 and 5/8 inch lines? My existing lines are embedded in the wall
Generally if the refrigerant piping is larger in diameter than needed that's not an issue except for having to calculate the refrigerant charge correctly. Lines that are too small may limit the system's operating capacity.
(Oct 2, 2012) John said:
I am demoing my ac unit. its old and i do not use it anymore. I wanted to know if i could just cut the copper lines and cap them in case i want a new on in the future.
I agree that soldering a cap in place on the refrigerant lines makes sense to keep them clean for possible future use.
(Nov 18, 2012) Dave said:
After meeting EPA requirements for demolition of a system, it is best to totally remove all system piping and not reuse it due to unkown conamminants which could damage a new system.
Thanks for the opinion Dave. But of course when a new system is installed, a filter/drier is installed as a matter of course. And previously used, clean copper tubing that was kept sealed ought to be as clean as copper tubing that was sitting somewhere in a warehouse.
I'd agree however that if older copper refrigerant piping was damaged, corroded, or had previously leaked I'd junk all of it rather than use suspect piping on a new installation.
(May 5, 2014) vm said:
I am told that a wire rubbed against the copper pipe on the out door unit. They said the vibrating caused the wire casing to wear off and cause the bare wire to puncture the copper pipe. Now the home warranty company is not covering it claiming that it is not "normal wear and tear". Is this correct? or are they just trying to get out of paying?
My opinion is of course the insurer wants to avoid paying on a claim. You need help from an attorney familiar with home warranty policies to review the terms of your policy. A wire rubbing that causes a refrigerant leak sounds like an installation error or a product defect.
Keep us posted.
(May 31, 2014) Petra said:
We have to install refrigerant lines in the attic. Could we use running boards (e.g. 2x4 lumber) which would run at an angel to the trusses to shorten the distance between coil and condenser?
That sounds quite reasonable. Don't cut or modify trusses.
Where can I find the plastic covers for my heat pump lines that run on an exposed wall.
Your local HVAC supplier carries piping covers and insulation. You may also find these products at building suppliers such as Loews or Home Depot.
(Oct 30, 2015) shankar guggari said:
The acis parts deteles sinds
(Nov 1, 2015) Daniel said:
Rats have chewed all the black insulation off the copper refrigerant line in my mother's split system, it's the type of insulation that is actually bonded to the pipe somehow, what is best way to repair this? thank you.
Bummer. I think you'll have to pull off enough of the remaining insulation that you can install slip-over add on insulation; you'll buy insulation in lengths that have a split along one side to just open and slip onto the existing refrigerant lines.
(Nov 19, 2015) Alex D said:
Any building code experts here? Distance from roof deck to have A/C or other lines?
I'm trying to find if there is a code that states how far away from the residential roof deck items can be placed. Namely A/C and gas lines. There's no way a roofer can know if there is an A/C line or gas line buried under insulation next to the roof deck. I've heard it's anywhere from 6" to 3 '. I was just curious if anyone had a code number and description for that. Most cities subscribe to the different international building codes.
Thanks for you help!
(June 24, 2016) Lou gallegos said:
How far away does the refrigerant supply line have to be off roof deck osb
I can't cite a specific code provision on refrigerant line piping placement in roof decks, but generally with any piping or wiring it is run in the center of joists or studs (or rafters in a flat roof) and if lines are run close to the surface of the wood framing member they must be protected with steel plates.
You can see examples of this protection at
inspectapedia.com/aircond/Refrigerant_Piping_Insulation.php - REFRIGERANT PIPING INSULATION (see the page top photo)
The following excerpt
Piping should also be protected from mechanical damage. Where piping is exposed to possible
damage, the lines should be routed out of the way or be protected in some form of chase.
is from inspectapedia.com/aircond/AC_Guide_McQuay.pdf Refrigerant piping design guide by McQuay
I think there's a trick lurking in this question, Lou. In some circumstances there's no harm in refrigerant piping touching OSB, but
- a hot roof deck may affect HVAC system operation by raising piping temperatures abnormally
- routing that permits the piping to touch the underside of a roof deck makes me think someone is drilling holes through the tops rather than center of rafters in a construction where finish-ceiling surfaces prevent attaching to rafter underside.
(May 2, 2016) Cole said:
I am a retired plumber, not an HVAC Tech. I am planning to install a condenser on a flat roof just outside of my attic-installed FAU. The distance between the two is only about 15-20ft. I happen to have some extra fiberglass insulation I had bought for my Potable Hot Water piping system. Will this work to insulate the liquid and vapor lines between the coil and the condenser? It's approx. 1" wall thickness; and I would use a weather proof jacket where it runs outdoors.
Thanks, Cole.
I would hesitate to try fiberglass insulation on outdoor HVAC refrigerant piping: it will pick up and hold moisture, not insulate, deteriorate, and in freezing weather, freeze and ultimately fall apart. Instead I'd use slip-on or split-and-clip foam insulation designed for use on refrigerant tubing.
In the article links above see REFRIGERANT PIPING INSULATION for details.
(May 23, 2016) Reynan said:
Refrigerant piping between ACCU and AHU (big units) should be underground or above ground installation?
Not specified.
(May 27, 2016) Reynan said:
Meaning either above or below ground is acceptable?
Mod said: yep. Adequate protection from damage, insulation, and corrosion are of course required.
(June 7, 2016) Bill Paxton said:
What are the requirements for line set support in the attic? Type and spacing?
(June 21, 2016) Rosemarie Greaser said:
I live in an outside unit of a four-plex. My air condenser and the next door neighbor's air condenser are outside my unit. My neighbor had to have a new condenser installed and the company is telling him that the copper piping that runs under my part of the building to his part of the building are leaking. They want to run piping up my side of the wall outside, through my attic and then down to his air handler in his garage. I don't think the piping is leaking and don't really want freon pipes through my attic. Is this a safe alternative or is there another solution? Anxious for your answer.
Refrigerant piping run through building attics and walls is not normally considered a danger; most likely it'll run with no joints or fittings, as continuous tubing (thus reducing the risk of a leak). Refrigerant leaks are really bad for the environment but the gases are pretty inert and at low levels such as leaking out of a residential A/C system, not likely to be a hazard to neighbours.
If it were my place I'd let them install solid piping where needed.
(June 22, 2016) Rosemarie Greaser said:
Thank you danjoefriedman for your suggestion. I'll see if I can request the company do the solid piping. I think I will need to see some evidence that there is indeed a leak first in the underground piping and not just some poor installation techniques. I've read some reviews on this company and they don't seem to be very good.
(mod) said:
That sounds reasonable.
(July 30, 2016) KJWaddell said:
I have an older HVAC system, and my repairman tells me the freon is leaking from "plastic" refrigerant lines used at installation(that were only manufactured for a few years). He indicated I'd need to replace the entire system because these lines leak. Is it possible to replace these lines and keep the existing system?
(mod) said:
Yes, though if your system uses R22 that is no longer used in AC systems it may make sense to change it
(July 31, 2016) Anonymous said:
Thanks for responding! Is there any reason it would be impossible to replace the lines without replacing the entire system? (They say I'd also have to replace the furnace if I replace the outside AC unit...because the old furnace "couldn't handle the new AC output". so I would love to replace the lines and keep my existing system to save cost.
(mod) said:
"Impossible" is a bit encompassing; as I don't know what might be encountered. But in general, refrigerant lines can be replaced without changing the equipment. If your tech wants to replace the entire system I'd like to understand what s/he has seen. Sometimes a very competent tech is indeed working in your interest but is not good at explaining. Press for details.
To replace refrigerant lines one has to evacuate the system, remove the old piping, install new piping along with new filter/driers, then re-charge the system and test it for leaks.
(July 31, 2016) Anonymous said:
Thank you, again. The system is quite old, and they always point that out...but it runs very well with the exception of the freon leak, which has worsened in the past 2 years and is now at the point of failure. Planning to move in the near future, so trying to avoid a $6k investment in a whole new system if I can. I appreciate your insights.
(mod) said:
I understand wanting to eschew putting money into the next owner's A/C system.
Continue reading at REFRIGERANT PIPING INSULATION or select a topic from closely-related articles below, or see our complete INDEX to RELATED ARTICLES below.
Or see REFRIGERANT GASES & PIPING - home
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Sandybrook Country Park
Sandybrook Country Park Hotel Ashbourne offers affordable lodging in Ashbourne.
This hotel is situated 11.1 km away from Kedleston Hall, Repton and Alton Towers. It will take 45 minutes to get from the hotel to Manchester by car.
Some of the classic hotel rooms feature a kitchen, TV, a dining area, a sofa and a seating area as well as an oven, a toaster and kitchenware.
Sandybrook Country Park Hotel Ashbourne can be reached in 5 minutes by car from East Midlands airport.


text:
Hopefully my next post will be Alexa's arrival! Stay tuned!
Wednesday, June 24, 2009
Overdue and Family Fun
Hopefully my next post will be Alexa's arrival! Stay tuned!
7 comments:
- Ashley said...
So I check your blog like twice a day to see any news...Can you tell that we are excited for you guys?! I am so glad you have your family around you...doing all those fun things helps keep your mind off of WAITING! All are prayers and good wishes are with you for Alexa's arrival!
- June 25, 2009 at 11:20 AM
- Shanan, Kelly and Carson said...
i'm sorry you've gone so far over but it sounds like its working out good for you! thats how carson was too. i wasn't happy that i went over but it was really good timeing for us also! and now if you haven't heard...baby # 2 for us is on the way!! i'm excited for ya to have her tomorrow and good luck! cant wait to see pics!!
- June 25, 2009 at 2:05 PM
- Tara said...
I'm sorry that she's being a little stinker and taking her sweet time to come. Sounds like you have had a good time with your family while waiting though! I'm excited to meet her! Let us know when you are ready for visitors!!
- June 25, 2009 at 2:58 PM
- Brittany Crane said...
I keep checking your blog to see if Alexa is here yet. I will be thinking about you all day tomorrow! Can't wait to hear how it went and of course to see pictures of the sweet girl. You are a trooper for being so long over due. Good Luck tomorrow!!
- June 25, 2009 at 3:04 PM
- Lauren said...
The pictures of your family are so cute. Even though I'm sure you're uncomfortable, it's nice that you've been able to show your family the sites before the baby comes. Best of luck tomorrow! You'll do great!
- June 25, 2009 at 5:29 PM
- Tannie Datwyler said...
Oh, we hope your little girl comes soon! What a bummer to be overdue- but that is so good of you to take it in stride. Since my kids come early if I am ever overdue it will be a nightmare! :)
- June 25, 2009 at 8:06 PM
- Dave and Natasha said...
Ya, you're probably a new mom by now! I can't wait to see your next post about her! In your pictures you don't even look that big and you're a week over! Wow, you are lucky, and that's good to hear that you've been feeling good!!! I hope everything goes well... and it's a quick labor!!! Good luck! Can't wait to see pictures of her!
- June 26, 2009 at 11:36 PM


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You are conflating various views that eventually became "Unitarianism" with the word "unitarianism". Unitarianism combined several heretical doctrines besides having a similar sort of Christology as, say Arians. Unitarians, for example, rejected the notion of original sin. But one of the biggest mistakes people make is that they somehow think that what passes for Unitarianism today is what it was originally.
Unitarians claimed that they were Christian, and the arguments that others had with them were over matters of systematic theology that historically fell within Christian boundaries. It was only a very long time later that Unitarianism morphed into essentially nothing ("What do you get when you cross a Jehovah's Witness with a Unitarian? Someone who knocks on your door but isn't quite sure why.")In fact, the early Unitarians were very Old Testament oriented compared to modern evangelicals.
John Adams was a Bible thumping Christian (just read what he has to say about God and the Bible). He may have had a low Christology by 1800, but there is no evidence at all that he rejected Original Sin, etc. Again, there were no Unitarian signers of the Declaration - not Unitarian in the original meaning of the term, and certainly not in the modern meaning of the term.
Thanks for your informative post. I had a powerful hunch that the Unitarianism of today was not akin to that attributed (rightly or wrongly) to John Adams, a Founder whom I greatly esteem and who has not received the respect I think he is due, while Jefferson, who could be very sneaky and duplicitous, outranks him in the esteem of many FReepers. What others have posted here about Adams and his wife shows to me that Jesus would consider them "not far from the kingdom of God." I.e. not quite there, but sincere in their beliefs. I know quite well that Adams believed that republican govt. would only survive in the context of a pious and reverent populace.


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Maxine Waters Reclaiming Her Time Just Became Everyone's New Summer '17 Mantra
California Congresswoman Maxine Waters puts her foot down by reclaiming her time.
Ruff Ryder Entertainment, one of the most successful labels in hip-hop history, invades BET's "The Deal" this week.
First, co-founder Waah Dean spoke to "The Deal" about building his empire, among other things. Next up, MeMpHHiTz and DJ Diamond Kuts chop it up with one of the label's more recent acquisitions, Murder Mook, will be on tomorrow's show (Feb. 25). Meanwhile, veteran Ruff Ryder Drag-On will be appearing on "The Deal" will kick the weekend off by appearing on the show this Friday (Feb. 27).
In related news, Nicki Minaj, Wyclef Jean, Snoop Dogg and Waka Flocka Flame are all scheduled to appear on "The Deal" before the end of the month. "The Deal" featuring Murder Mook (Feb. 25) and Drag-On (Feb. 27) airs at 3 am on BET.
California Congresswoman Maxine Waters puts her foot down by reclaiming her time.
"Black women: Be fearless. Speak out for equal pay."


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LifeFlight Bears Picnic
Please join me and my furry friends for a LifeFlight Bears Picnic!
Together we'll enjoy some tasty treats and raise money to help the LifeFlight Foundation fund lifesaving aeromedical flights in our community.
Register Your Interest
Chief and his LifeFlight bear friends invite you to hold your own LifeFlight Bears Picnic throughout September and raise funds to help save lives in your community.
It's easy and fun. All you need to do it register your event – receive your kit – lock in a date – invite friends and family – host your event – bank your funds.
The LifeFlight Foundation's friendly fundraising team can support you and your event.
LifeFlight introduced their iconic 'bears' in 1995. LifeFlight crews even carry bears on board the chopper to give extra comfort to young and vulnerable patients


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Technical Operations Centre Personnel and Services
Our Technical Operations Centre personnel are Certified to support:
- All Microsoft Network Operating Systems
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- Microsoft Office Applications
- All Versions of Outlook
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How much is it worth to your organisation to receive help when you need it? Sometimes it is the difference between getting the task , project or bid completed on time, or missing your deadline. Face it, that equates to real dollars and cents.
Our Technical Operations Centre is available during business hours.
- Server and desktop hardware
- Printers
- Network copiers
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- Smartphones and PDA's
- Medical
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- Accounting
- Transport
- Local Government
- Aged Care
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About Joseph Robinette
Joseph Robinette is a published author and a designer of children's books. Some of the published credits of Joseph Robinette include The Jungle Book, Stuart Little: A play in one act for children, Anne of Green Gables, and Penny and the Magic Medallion (A "Stage magic" play).To edit or update the above biography on Joseph Robinette, please Log In or Register.
Link to this page: https://www.jacketflap.com/joseph-robinette/80828
Published Works by Joseph RobinetteClick a book's title or cover for more details and to read reviews


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Person to Person, Working for Fair Wages in Texas
Alavaro Rodriguez, Jr., reports from Texas.
Yesterday, a group of volunteers including my father (Alvaro Rodriguez Sr.) and I got together at the Harris County AFL-CIO for a phone bank party. We called fellow Working America members to invite them to a rally to raise the minimum wage this week and tell them about what Working America is working on in Texas.
This morning, some of us are heading to Houston City Hall to speak in support of an ordinance that would punish those that commit wage theft. Workers deserve their hard-earned wages. We've been collecting letters of support from Houstonians like me who support the ordinance. It feels great to get work with others on these important issues.
After calling through our lists, we agreed to meet monthly for phone bank parties. Next time, we're going to turn it into a potluck with everyone bringing a dish. If you're in the Lone Star State anytime soon, join us!
Tags: economy, Jobs, minimum wage, Texas, wage theft, wages


text: Race Rocks and lighthouse on an impressive morning along the BC coast....with Hurricane Ridge in the Olympic Mountains 35 miles distant. The tide race through the narrow passage between these rocks and Vancouver Island is awesome on a good day. Coming back through in dense fog (100 foot visibility) we never saw land or rocks either side of us. A bit too awesome.


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It's that time again to VOTE for your favorite throwback song. Here are the staff picks for today. Click and vote now.
Janet Jackson – All for you – Chad
Destiny's Child – Survivor -Jill
Mya – Case of the Ex – Lil Boss
Blu Cantrall – Hit em up style – Intern Rico
Find out Thursday at 7:45 which song received the most votes.


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10 Terms Every Tequila Drinker Should Know
The Best Organic Tomatoes!
This Season's Best Asparagus Recipes
3 Rosé Wines to Drink in Lake Tahoe This Spring #RoseAllDay
Half off Coffee Drinks in April + May
What a crazy winter it has been! Through power outages, flooding and too many pow days to count, we want to thank our community for all the positive vibes and continued support. So, for the months of April and May, West Shore Market is offering 50% off all coffee drinks Monday - Friday, 7 - 9 AM.


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Receive alerts into your Slack environment as soon as events hit your CloudTrail log. Apply your own filters so that only important events show up in your feed.
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Whenever you get a high level notification you can expand the raw event text snippet to explore more detailed information.


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Chowan University work-study jobs
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Info concerning Chowan University work-study jobs, and registering for elective lectures. Which college degrees give you the best chances of finding employment after graduation? You can start working in a high-paying business field with just an associates, or a bachelors degree. To begin, browse accredited business degree programs and certificate courses online. Concentrating on Chowan University work-study jobs, for example, you may gain an advantage in corporate recruiting being done on-campus. Check with the workforce development department for course registration deadlines, and career training program requirements. Please use the form above to request admissions info for Chowan University.
As the economy improves, many firms are beginning to hire. Companies are in need of candidates that can fill a particular job position, so set up an introductory meeting to ask questions about the firm's history, and current business opportunities. Review your prior work experiences, internships, volunteer experience, interests and hobbies. For each item on your list, identify the skills and knowledge you developed, because many skills are transferable to the job you're applying for.
Before a first interview, analyze the open position that you are applying for. Review the job description carefully, and highlight both the employment qualifications and job responsibilities. At the same time, learn as much as you can about the company's mission, corporate services, product lists, and main competitors. Start your research on the company's website, then do an article search on Google, and attend career information sessions and job fairs that are held on campus. Beyond major requirements within the workforce development department, you may consider Northeastern State University study guide as a complementary elective to your primary course of study.
Culture Event Marketing Specialist
Red Bull
West Business Unit Activations. Support the Culture Event Marketing Manager in the development and implementation of the marketing strategy for events and..
2 days ago Entry Level Management Trainee
DA Results
Marketing strategies, Public Relations, Business Fundamentals. Understanding every aspect of a company is what, we believe, generates a great manager.
1 day ago P/T-Financial Advisor Intern- PAID
Lincoln Financial Advisors
Finance, marketing, communication, sales, customer service, analysis, networking, business ownership- The total package..
3 days ago Entry Level Management Trainee
ACG Limited
Bachelor's degree in business, marketing, or similar concentrations. This allows everyone to learn our business from the ground up and understand how they play..
3 days ago Quality Assurance Coordinator
Lyons Magnus
Bachelor's Degree from an accredited university, preferably in Food Science, Business Administration or related discipline.
7 days ago Summer Undergrad Intern
Bond Street
Bond Street is transforming small business lending with technology, data and design. Inspired by our mission to help small businesses realize their dreams.
2 days ago


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Featured property
Featured property
Featured property
£2,450,000 Offers Over
Mains Of Rhynie ( Lot 1), Rhynie, Huntly, Aberdeenshire, AB54
Mains of rhynie boasts many attributes. the farm is particularly private with the farmhouse and farm buildings sitting in a natural hollow at the end of a long private tree lined road,…
£550,000 Guide Price
7 Bedrooms Detached House for sale
Bogairdy House, Gartly, Huntly, Aberdeenshire, AB54
A substantial traditional farmhouse in a stunning rural location. attractive rural setting with wonderful views. large south-facing, sheltered garden with patio and hot-tub. extensive…
£440,000 Guide Price
4 Bedrooms Equestrian Facility Character Property for sale
Easter Bodylair, Glass, Huntly, Aberdeenshire, AB54
An attractive small farm with superb equestrian facilities in a stunning location. flexible and adaptable accommodation. outstanding renovated traditional steading forming a delightful…
£440,000 Offers Over
4 Bedrooms Unique Property for sale
Old Manse, Lumsden, Huntly, Aberdeenshire, AB54
An elegant manse with grounds extending to around 6 acres with an agricultural holding.
£415,000 Offers Over
2 Bedrooms Cottage House for sale
Newton of Ardonald, Cairnie, By Huntly, Aberdeenshire, AB54…
Idyllic stone farm house including large steading with planning permission in a stunning, tranquil countryside location. fully renovated with immaculate gardens, excellent 5 acre paddock,…
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Auchinclech, Lumsden, Huntly, Aberdeenshire
Built in 1937, auchinclech is a beautifully modernised and extended period home in a peaceful rural setting with fantastic views of the surrounding countryside.
4 Bedrooms Detached House for sale
, Rothiemay, Huntly, Aberdeenshire, AB54 7PE
Immaculate 4 bedroom detached bungalow
£270,000 Offers Over
4 Bedrooms End Of Terrace House for sale
1 Upper Pirriesmill, Huntly, Aberdeenshire, AB54
Exceptional end terraced 4 bedroom home forming part of a recently converted steading. south west facing garden, detached double garage and a stunning countryside location.
£260,000 Offers in Excess of
4 Bedrooms Detached House for sale
Huntly, Huntly, Aberdeenshire, AB54
Housesimple is pleased to present this spacious and rural property in the peaceful location of glass, huntly. meikle hillockhead comprises 4/5 bedrooms, 2 reception rooms, 2 bathrooms,…
£250,000 Offers Over
4 Bedrooms End Of Terrace House for sale
3 Upper Pirriesmill, Huntly, Aberdeenshire, AB54
Exceptional end terraced 4 bedroom home forming part of a recently converted steading. south west facing garden, detached double garage and a stunning countryside location.
£249,999 Offers Over
4 Bedrooms Semi Detached House for sale
The Square, Rhynie, Aberdeenshire, AB54 4HD
Four bedroom dwelling upgraded and extended to the highest of specifications
£215,000 Offers Over
3 Bedrooms Semi Detached House for sale
2 Kirkhill Cottages, Kennethmont, Huntly, Aberdeenshire, AB54
Superb semi-detached 3 bedroom house with contemporary open plan living and impressive countryside views. designed and completed to an exceptionally high standard and available for…
£215,000 Guide Price
3 Bedrooms Detached House for sale
St. Drostans, Rothiemay, Huntly, Moray, AB54
Offer under consideration. st. drostans is a fine family home set in a peaceful, semi-rural setting at the edge of the delightful village of rothiemay. bright and airy it provides…
£180,000 Offers in Excess of
4 Bedrooms Detached House for sale
West Park Street, Huntly, Aberdeenshire, AB54
Housesimple is pleased to present this traditional detached property in central huntly. the house comprises of: downstairs porch, living room with open fire, hallway, spacious kitchen/diner…
£120,000 Offers Over
Bognie Place, Bognie, Huntly, Aberdeenshire, AB54 6BF
Very attractive development land of six plots with excellent access to huntly, turriff and aberdeen
Marketed by:
McEwan Fraser Legal Solicitors & Estate Agents, Edinburgh
Claremont House
130 East Claremont Street
Tel: See phone number 0131 524 9797
Website: Go to Agent Website


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28 June, 2009
Today's Hostel Incident Report
6/28, AM Shift: Staff answered door to find a normal looking backpacker type. Not being the hour for check in, staff informed the man that check in was not until 1300CDT. The man responded that he was not interested in a room but in simply a shower and a place to do his laundry. Upon being informed that the staff could not accommodate this request, the man seemed dismayed and asked if he could check in for a few hours. Staff informed the man that there was no hourly rate and again that check in was not until 1300CDT. This back and forth occurred twice more before staff simply sent the man away.
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| View Exclusive AAUP Compensation Survey Data |
Citizens of European Union countries who are currently enrolled in U.K. universities and those planning on entering in the fall will receive the loans and grants for which they are eligible for the duration of their courses of study, the Student Loans Company announced Monday. Last week's vote in favor of Britain exiting the European Union has raised uncertainties about the status of current and future E.U. students, who currently pay domestic student tuition rates and are eligible for the same student loans as British students.
The American Anthropological Association has issued a statement censuring the Israeli government for what it describes as "policies and practices that threaten academic freedom and the human rights of Palestinian and Israeli scholars."
The statement of censure is one of multiple actions the association pledged to make after the membership narrowly voted down a proposal to boycott Israeli academic institutions. The anthropological group also sent letters Friday to Israel's minister of education seeking changes in Israeli policies, and to the U.S. Department of State asking it to exert pressure in bringing such changes about.
Specifically, the association is seeking changes to Israeli policies that it says result in the following: "restricted freedom of movement for Palestinian academics and foreign academics going to the West Bank and Gaza," "restricted access to publications among libraries at West Bank and Gaza universities," "disparities in internet access that restrict academic pursuits at West Bank and Gaza universities," "unjust denial of full accreditation for Al-Quds University" (a Palestinian institution in the West Bank), "unjust denial of freedom of expression to Palestinian and dissenting Jewish faculty and students at Israeli universities," "unjust denial of freedom to Palestinian students for gathering and action," and "undue delays of salary payments to West Bank and Gaza university faculty."
Academic leaders, scholarly societies and student groups sent out a flurry of statements on Friday reacting to the British vote to exit the European Union, which many in higher education oppose and worry could harm research and inhibit the movement of students and scholars to and from the U.K.
Statements from the British Academy, which represents scholars in the humanities and the social sciences, and the Royal Society, which represents scientists, stressed the importance of mobility and the need to maintain financial support for research, which benefits from E.U. funding sources.
In various statements, U.K. university leaders -- about 100 of whom had signed an open letter prior to the vote opposing a leaving the E.U. -- affirmed their institutions' international outlooks and sought to assure current European students and staff that they are welcome and wanted. They also stressed that major changes are not expected to happen overnight: the process of Britain negotiating the terms of a withdrawal from the E.U. is expected to take at least two years.
In one such statement, Michael Arthur, the president and provost of University College London, wrote, "This morning, I have reassured UCL staff and students that, barring unilateral action from the U.K. government, the vote to leave the European Union does not mean there will be any immediate material change to the immigration status of current and prospective E.U. students and staff, nor to the U.K. university sector's participation in E.U. programs such as Horizon 2020 and Erasmus+," programs for research funding and student exchange, respectively.
The National Union of Students expressed disappointment in the vote outcome. Pre-election polling from YouGov showed that young people overwhelmingly supported Britain remaining in the E.U. -- among 18- to 29-year-olds, 73 percent supported remaining in the union -- and in the university towns of Cambridge and Oxford, more than 70 percent of voters favored remaining, according to local election results reported by the BBC.
"This is clearly not the result that many young people wanted or voted for, but most important now is to ensure that students and young people are involved in the decisions that have to be made that will shape their future," Megan Dunn, the national president of the student union, said. "We have urgent questions about how the vote to leave will affect students, particularly E.U. students in the U.K. and U.K. students studying in the E.U., and call on the government to offer clear assurances to them about their situation."
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev on Friday announced a $400 million gift that will more than double the size of its endowment. The university believes the gift, from the estate of Howard and Lottie Marcus, formerly of California, may be the largest ever bequest to an Israeli academic institution.
According to the university's announcement, the Marcuses fled Nazi Germany in 1930s and lost most of their family members in the Holocaust. They met after immigrating to the U.S., where Howard worked as a dentist and Lottie as a secretary at a Wall Street firm. They made their fortune by investing early in what later became Berkshire Hathaway, the holding company chaired by Warren Buffett.
The Marcuses first encountered Ben-Gurion in 1997, after which they began supporting research in water, desalination and desert studies. Ben-Gurion President Rivka Carmi described the couple as "rare and special people" and as "Holocaust survivors who lived a simple and humble life and joined their fate and their legacy to that of the state of Israel."
Another Supreme Court ruling Thursday had much more direct relevance to higher education, but the justices also let stand a federal appeals court decision that blocked President Obama's 2014 executive actions protecting some adults who reside in the United States illegally. The court's 4-to-4 deadlock meant that the court upheld the state of Texas' successful challenge to the president's plan to expand his earlier "deferred action" rules that protected from deportation many young people brought to the country by their parents.
Among other things, the 2014 actions sought to expand the deferred action program by making deportation protections last for three years instead of two and allowing more young immigrants to qualify for the status. The orders would also "expand and extend the use" of a program that provides temporary work authorization to international students for 12 to 29 months postgraduation.
In comments Thursday, President Obama sought to reassure the hundreds of thousands of young people who benefited from the original deferred action program that Thursday's decision did not affect them. "These are students, they're teachers, they're doctors, they're lawyers. They're Americans in every way but on paper. And fortunately, today's decision does not affect this policy. It does not affect the existing DREAMers," he said, referring to individuals covered by the Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors Act.
A British academic in Turkey accused of making propaganda for a terrorist organization was acquitted on Thursday, the Hurriyet Daily News reported.
Chris Stephenson, a lecturer in computer science at Istanbul Bilgi University, was taken into custody March 15 in front of an Istanbul courthouse for allegedly possessing a Nevruz, or Kurdish New Year, leaflet printed by the pro-Kurdish Peoples' Democratic Party. Stephenson was released the following day. He had gone to the courthouse to show support for three Turkish academics who'd been detained in connection with their support for a petition opposing the military campaign against Kurdish rebels in southeastern Turkey.
Every researcher will be questioned. New funds will go toward replication of findings.
Students have expressed outrage over the University of Sydney's plan to close its arts campus and move students to the University of New South Wales as part of a planned merger agreement between the two institutions scheduled to take effect at the beginning of the 2017 academic year, The Sydney Morning Herald reported.
Michael Spence, the vice chancellor of the University of Sydney, said that the strengths of the two institutions in the visual arts "can be enhanced through a greater concentration of students and resources, with the result being better visual arts education and research outcomes." But some students have characterized the merger as "either a downsize or the end of visual arts at the University of Sydney."
Behind the steel spire atop St. Anne's Cathedral in Belfast rises a modern structure of gleaming glass and steel. Ulster University is building a new campus right in the heart of Northern Ireland's capital city. The university, once known only as an access-focused regional institution with a predominant emphasis on preprofessional degree programs, now boasts an excellent business school, a top-tier school of pharmacy and an eye-catching urban campus devoted to the arts.
Ulster University is emblematic of a resurgence of Northern Ireland: once mired in sectarian conflict, Belfast and its environs are now destinations for both tourists and foreign investors. Much of the rise of this country of 1.8 million is due to extraordinary investment from the European Union -- investment that could soon end. Northern Ireland, like England, Scotland and Wales, is a constituent country of the United Kingdom and will take part in a referendum on continued membership in the E.U. this Thursday, June 23.
Polls on the potential British exit, or Brexit, have shown both sides running neck and neck, and the stakes could not be higher for Ulster and other universities in the United Kingdom. In fact, the results could also have a significant impact on American colleges and universities, as well.
British membership in the European Union has been exceptionally lucrative for Ulster University. The university received around 9.4 million pounds ($13.4 million) last year in E.U. funding. More than 1,700 students and around 400 scholars from other E.U. member states attend, teach and research at the university in some capacity. Its location around 45 minutes from the Irish border and only two hours from Dublin makes it a common collaborator with major universities to the south. The university's Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Center, which was funded by a £1.6 million grant from the E.U., has generated 25 patents and three spin-off companies that are now valued at over $100 million.
Ulster, however, isn't the only university in the United Kingdom receiving benefits from Britain's E.U. membership. Higher education institutions received 16 percent of total E.U. research funding totaling £687 million ($1 billion) in 2013-14. People from other E.U. nations make up 15 percent of the academic workforce and 5 percent of the student bodies at British universities. Given the sheer impact of European support for universities in the U.K., it should come as no surprise that Ulster Vice Chancellor Paddy Nixon joined 102 university leaders, including vice chancellors from Oxford and Cambridge and the president of the London School of Economics, in an open letter in the Sunday Times expressing support for the European Union.
This expression of political support is emblematic of a change in university behavior. While university leaders chose to stay relatively silent on the two other recent major electoral events -- the 2014 Scottish independence referendum and the 2015 general election -- they emphatically support the campaign to remain in the E.U.
Yet despite university support for the European Union, a large minority of government officials and policy leaders want to leave. The leave campaign is led by Nigel Farage, the charismatic leader of the United Kingdom Independence Party whom many in the United Kingdom have compared to presumptive Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump for his bombastic style and anti-immigration stance.
Other major players include former London Mayor Boris Johnson, former Secretary of State for Education Michael Gove and other right-wing members of the Conservative party. The majority of Parliament, including Prime Minister David Cameron, Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne, Labour Party Leader Jeremy Corbyn and leaders of most of the minor parties, all support continued membership in the European Union. Cameron and Osborne represent the moderate wing of the Conservative party -- constantly at odds with Gove, Johnson and the party's right wing.
Brexit was a major political issue in the last general election, and leave campaigners argue that far-right Conservative gains in Parliament were a popular mandate for Brexit. Moderate Conservatives worked hard to renegotiate Britain's responsibilities within the E.U. and believe that remaining in the European Union will be good for the United Kingdom. It should come as no surprise that both sides disagree on the impact Brexit would have on British universities.
The leave campaign argues that the European Union funds only 3 percent of all U.K. R&D spending and that money saved from not having to pay fees associated with E.U. membership could allow the U.K. government to expand domestic financial support for research. Furthermore, universities in nations outside of the E.U. are still able to apply for research funding; leave campaigners suggest that wouldn't change.
Leave supporters also believe that, when it comes to U.K. universities' ability to attract talented European faculty, a U.K. immigration policy absent of E.U. agreements on free movement of people could be devised in such a way that it would privilege scholars from other European countries traveling to Britain. Outside of the E.U., universities could raise fees on E.U. students, an action currently prohibited by E.U. laws that state universities in a given country must treat students from that country and other students from E.U. member states equally. There are also not enough spaces at universities to meet current demand. Leave campaigners argue that filling admissions spaces with domestic students could offset any drop in the E.U. student population.
University leaders and the remain campaign don't agree. They note that a rise in E.U. student fees coupled with presumably more stringent immigration controls would result in an extremely decreased E.U. student population, as polls of E.U. students show that 80 percent would be less likely to pursue education in the U.K. E.U. students are some of the highest achieving in the U.K. system and are more likely than their British counterparts to pursue graduate degrees in the U.K. Brexit would raise fees on these students, limiting access to U.K. universities and potentially reducing overall institutional quality. It would also limit domestic student interaction with students from other countries. U.K. universities would become increasingly insular and homogenous in their student bodies as American competitors seek greater and greater diversity in their student populations.
Leaving the E.U., remain supporters argue, would also mean closing access to the Erasmus exchange program that allows students from E.U. member states to study in another member country as part of their academic program, further closing U.K. student engagement with their European counterparts. Students may also face adverse outcomes upon graduation should Brexit hurt Britain's economy and job market. Leaders also fear that highly talented European academics seeking faculty or postdoc positions in the U.K. may seek positions elsewhere as uncertainty regarding their immigration and employment status over the next few years would grow exponentially in the days after a vote to leave. While long-term immigration reform might have some benefits, Brexit would decimate universities' ability to recruit new faculty in the short term. Lastly, the remain campaign is quick to point out that, while U.K. contributions make up 11 percent of the total E.U. research budget, U.K. institutions receive more than 16 percent of total research grant funding.
What's often overlooked in the debate between the leave and remain campaigns, however, is that if Britons vote to leave, there will be implications for American universities and students, as well. American universities might be the beneficiaries of Brexit when it comes to faculty recruitment. While emigrating to the United States might be difficult for European scholars when compared to an E.U.-member United Kingdom, stricter immigration controls in the U.K. may make the United States a more desirable location.
Furthermore, around 50,000 Americans study in the United Kingdom each year. A common language and history make the U.K. a top destination for American students, and neither will change with Brexit. The same could be said, however, for Ireland, an E.U. member with no plans on leaving any time soon. Google and other major American tech companies have built their European headquarters in Dublin, and if Brexit happens, many believe American companies with a major presence in London could move their operations across the Irish Sea to Dublin and into other major continental financial centers like Frankfurt and Luxembourg. Students who would have gone to the U.K. to study and intern in finance for a semester or two might soon find themselves more attracted to Ireland.
While American universities may be able to get their pick of scholars in the exodus of European faculty from British institutions that would follow Brexit, and American students may not recognize a tremendous difference between studying abroad in Dublin as compared to Edinburgh or London, the greatest influence Brexit could have on American universities is indirect, but hugely impactful. Most economist agree that a vote to leave would cause a British recession, at least in the short term, with some even saying the vote could trigger a global recession. David Cameron even warned that voting for Brexit would be like putting a bomb under the U.K. economy. For those American universities that are not in a position to compete for top European faculty or send students abroad, global volatility in the markets could cause significant damage to meager endowments and hurt fund-raising.
The cost of Brexit, therefore, is too high. Elite American universities would receive meager benefits, but the rest of the American higher education landscape could feel the effects of a recession too soon after emerging from the financial crisis of 2008. British universities will lose a major source of research funding, faculty and high-quality students. British students will feel the pinch of higher tuition and fees during a period of economic downturn. Brexit has the potential to significantly slow the growth of higher education at home and abroad and offers few benefits to postsecondary institutions on both sides of the Atlantic.
Along the banks of the River Foyle at the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic lies Derry. The walled city is home to a branch campus of Ulster University, and on June 9, the campus hosted two former prime ministers to talk about the potential ramifications of Brexit. Tony Blair and John Major both warned against leaving the European Union, saying it would effectively close off access to the border with the Republic. What neither gentleman noted, however, is that voting to leave the European Union would also effectively cut off access to research funding, high-quality international students and stellar faculty. University students, faculty and staff overwhelmingly support the remain campaign. One can only hope that they turn out to vote in two days' time. Their universities are counting on them.
Christopher R. Marsicano is a Ph.D. candidate in leadership and policy studies with a focus in higher education policy at Vanderbilt University.
A professor in the communications faculty at Istanbul Bilgi University, in Turkey, was dismissed after allegedly insulting President Recep Tayyip Erdogan during a lecture, Turkish Minute and the Hurriyet Daily News reported. Zeynep Sayin Balikcioglu was dismissed from the university after pro-government media outlets reported alleged remarks she made criticizing the Turkish president as "vulgar" and "rude."
Insulting the president is a criminal offense punishable by up to four years in prison in Turkey. Balikcioglu's dismissal comes amid a larger crackdown on academics and free speech in Turkey.
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Format: Paperback
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Format: PDF / Kindle / ePub
Size: 12.95 MB
Downloadable formats: PDF
Pages: 496
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional; 1 edition (January 11, 1990)
Principles Modelling & Rendering Using 3D Studio
Ray Tracing Bkdk Lindley
Ray Tracing and Radiosity Algorithms for Photorealistic Image Synthesis
Transequatorial propagation analysis: Ray tracing and mode analysis (AFCRL)
Learning Maya 6 | Rendering
Ray tracing was also used in the movie Cars. In addition to ambient occlusion, ray tracing was used to compute realistic reflections and to compute shadows in large outdoor scenes with tiny shadow details Communicating with download for free Communicating with Non-Photorealistic. The basic concepts are moderately straightforward, but intractable to calculate; and a single elegant algorithm or approach has been elusive for more general purpose renderers. In order to meet demands of robustness, accuracy, and practicality, an implementation will be a complex combination of different techniques. Rendering research is concerned with both the adaptation of scientific models and their efficient application Photorealistic Rendering in read online http://lifeunabridged.com/ebooks/photorealistic-rendering-in-computer-science-focus-on-computer-graphics. Edges and corners also causes the area estimate to be wrong , source: Computation of Pressures of download here http://tedmcginley.com/lib/computation-of-pressures-of-linear-charge-arrays-using-ray-tracing-techniques. Imagination's ray-tracing tech is picking up support from game developers. An example scene created using Imagination's PowerVR ray-tracing tech Digital Costume Design & download for free lifeunabridged.com. Real-world camera controls let you capture images with detailed depth of field and cinematic motion blur ShaderX4: Advanced Rendering read here read here. It incorporates lots of hints and tips and shows what can be done in the post-processing of a V-ray output image of a SketchUp model. Tradigital Drawing Using the Simple Composite Method by Jim Leggitt The following Tradigital Drawing was generated for academic purposes and does not represent any actual project Ray Tracing in One Weekend (Ray Tracing Minibooks Book 1) tedmcginley.com. This broadens the applicability of gradient rendering considerably. To gain insight into the conditions under which gradient-domain sampling is beneficial, we present a frequency analysis that compares Monte Carlo sampling of gradients followed by Poisson reconstruction to traditional Monte Carlo sampling epub. z} means "one of x, y, or z", x+ means one or several repeats of x, and x∗ means zero or several repeats of x , source: Direct3D Rendering Cookbook tedmcginley.com. Michael Noll - innovations in stereography and multidimensional visualization. Helped coordinate first computer-generated art show (1965). Heinz Otto-Peitgen - significant contributor to mathematical visualization, including work in fractals. Alvy Ray Smith - major contributor at NYIT and Lucasfilm/Pixar, directed The Adventures of Andre and Wally B., long-time collaboration with Ed Catmull, VP at Pixar, now at Microsoft Ray Tracing and Radiosity read here read here.
3ds Max Design Architectural Visualization: For Intermediate Users
Photorealistic Rendering in Computer Science (Focus on Computer Graphics)
Introduction to Volume Rendering with CDROM (Hewlett-Packard Professional Books)
Communicating with Non-Photorealistic Rendering
Ray Tracing from the Ground Up
Unreal Engine Lighting and Rendering Essentials
Ray Tracing Methods for Calculation of Atmospheric Refraction
Microsoft Softimage I 3d Professional Techniques: Comprehensive Guide to Modeling, Animation & Rendering
This is not available 027506
ShaderX4: Advanced Rendering Techniques
Application of BSP trees to ray-tracing and CSG evaluation (GIT-ICS)
The RenderMan Companion: A Programmer's Guide to Realistic Computer Graphics
Real-Time Massive Model Rendering (Synthesis Lectures on Computer Graphics and Animation)
Communicating with Non-Photorealistic Rendering
Comparison of Ray Tracing through Ionospheric Models
Ray Tracing and Beyond: Phase Space Methods in Plasma Wave Theory
Rendering Real And Imagined Buildings: The Art of Computer Modeling from the Palace of Kublai Khan to Le Carbusier's Villas
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Starting with Windows 8, the GUID_D3COLD_SUPPORT_INTERFACE driver interface provides support for the D3cold substate of the D3 device power state. D3 is divided into two substates, D3hot and D3cold. D3 is the lowest-powered device power state, and D3cold uses less power than D3hot. A device can enter D3cold only if the device, the parent bus driver, and the platform firmware support this state. A device that supports D3cold can enter and exit this state when the computer is in the S0 (working) system power state.
The driver that is the power policy owner (PPO) for the device calls the routines in this interface to do the following:
- Discover whether the device, the parent bus driver, and platform firmware support transitions to the D3cold substate.
- Discover whether the device can signal a wake event to the processor when the device is in the D3cold substate.
- Enable and disable transitions to the D3cold substate by the device.
To query for this interface, a device driver sends an IRP_MN_QUERY_INTERFACE IRP down the driver stack. For this IRP, the driver sets the InterfaceType input parameter to GUID_D3COLD_SUPPORT_INTERFACE. On successful completion of the IRP, the Interface output parameter is a pointer to a D3COLD_SUPPORT_INTERFACE structure. This structure contains pointers to the routines in the interface.
For more information about the D3cold device power state, see Supporting D3cold in a Driver.
In this section
The D3COLD_SUPPORT_INTERFACE interface structure contains pointers to the routines in the GUID_D3COLD_SUPPORT_INTERFACE driver interface.
Starting with Windows 8, the driver that is the power policy owner (PPO) for a device can call the routines in the GUID_D3COLD_SUPPORT_INTERFACE driver interface to determine whether the device should be enabled to idle in the D3cold device power state.


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Tiny Hamster celebrates July 4 with his friendsPosted: June 30, 2015 Filed under: Animals, Cute Comments Off on Tiny Hamster celebrates July 4 with his friends
Speaking of the Tiny Hamster, here he is having a July 4 party with his buddies the guinea pig, bunny rabbit, and hedgehog.
I dunno who invited the dude in the red shirt though. Go home man, you're drunk.
Video about lost soul reckoning with death made me cryPosted: June 30, 2015 Filed under: Random Stuff Comments Off on Video about lost soul reckoning with death made me cry
I think I'm drawn to this today more than I would normally be because of the PMS. Apparently it has won lots of awards and was shortlisted for an Oscar but lost out to one of those Tiny Hamster videos. I kid. I have no idea what got nominated instead. I never watch those things.
But I did watch this video of a man coping with realizing he has died.
This made me bawl at my desk today.
Shut up.
(via Bored Panda)
This is not actually a snake. It's a butterfly pupaePosted: June 22, 2015 Filed under: Animals, Neat things Comments Off on This is not actually a snake. It's a butterfly pupae
This butterfly pupae makes a very convincing snake. According to Nerdist, it not only looks like a scary viper, it also can sense nearby movement and will wiggle to scare predators away. The caterpillars/butterflies are native to Trinidad. Interestingly, the Gaboon pit Viper, which is appears to be imitating, is not.
Nature is neat.
Interestingly, the butterfly itself isn't as fancy. Clearly most of the work went into the cocoon.
The fastest dog on two front paws!Posted: June 18, 2015 Filed under: Animals, Cute Comments Off on The fastest dog on two front paws!
This is Konjo. He is a chihuahua and he is the fastest dog on two paws, because that is an actual title that he won.
"Konjo has claimed the title of fastest 5 metres on front paws by a dog with a time of 2.39 sec," says the Guinness Book of World Records website, "smashing [former title holder] Jiff [the pomeranian]'s record of 7.76 sec. The attempt took place at Tustin Sports Park, Tustin, California, USA on 22 December 2014."
How we're only finding out about this now is anyone's guess.
Here are some pictures of Konjo walking on his front paws, and video.
(via Laughing Squid)
Japanese spa offers ramen baths because of course it doesPosted: June 16, 2015 Filed under: Food, Weird Comments Off on Japanese spa offers ramen baths because of course it does
Ramen, it's not just for eating anymore.
Yunessun Spa House in Hakone, Japan, is apparently offering baths in pork broth because it's high in collagen and the idea is that bathing in it is good for your skin because collagen is an essential for skin elasticity and diminishes as we age. It looks like silly fun, though any purported benefits from bathing in it are probably bullshit. And what benefits the (synthetic) noodles are supposed to have is anyone's guess.
One woman said, "It feels like bathing in a real noodle bowl," which may or may not be supposed to be a selling point.
If this looks appealing to you and you can't afford a trip to Japan you could probably buy yourself a couple hundred packs of ramen noodles at the dollar store.
Yunessun also offers coffee, tea, sake, and red wine baths.
(via First we Feast)
Darth Vader & Captain Picard argue over which is nerdier, Star Trek or Star WarsPosted: June 15, 2015 Filed under: pop culture, Random Stuff Comments Off on Darth Vader & Captain Picard argue over which is nerdier, Star Trek or Star Wars
I think this one is a no brainer. Star Trek is nerdier, Star Wars is dorkier/geekier.
(via Laughing Squid)
Video of a giant squid giving birth, because the internetPosted: June 15, 2015 Filed under: Animals Comments Off on Video of a giant squid giving birth, because the internet
This is a conversation I just had:
Husband: Can you go get the KB (our kid) at daycare?
Me: OK, just as soon as I finish watching this video of a giant squid giving birth.
(via Geekologie)
Blues cover of the Fresh Prince of Bel Air themePosted: June 12, 2015 Filed under: music, pop culture Comments Off on Blues cover of the Fresh Prince of Bel Air theme
Samurai Guitarist says "Ever wonder what the theme to Fresh Prince would've sounded like if Will came from down in the Mississippi delta? My buddy Jeff and I did."
I actually never did wonder that. But this is still pretty cool. Steve Jobs once said people don't know what they want until you show it to them.
The R2D2 remote controlled mini fridge is the best remote controlled mini fridgePosted: June 10, 2015 Filed under: Cute, Neat things, pop culture, Uncategorized Comments Off on The R2D2 remote controlled mini fridge is the best remote controlled mini fridge
This is the coolest thing you will see all day. I have no idea what this guy is saying but I like the seriousness of his affect. He's probably saying "I have just established myself as the coolest person on Earth, bitches. Now get me a drink. Oh, no, you don't have to because my R2D2 remote controlled mini fridge will do that for me. You go make my bed."
Jelly Belly scented pillowsPosted: June 1, 2015 Filed under: Food, Neat things Comments Off on Jelly Belly scented pillows
Sometimes when you go to bed at night, I bet you think to yourself, "I'd have way better dreams if my pillow smelled like Jelly Bellies."
Now you can have those dreams when you buy Jelly Belly scented pillows at Costco, or on Amazon. But not if you live in Canada (unless you can get them shipped to a friend through the U.S.) The pillows come in tangerine, cherry, and watermelon flavours and are sold in a two-pack for $9.99.
Jelly Belly also makes Jelly Belly-scented nail polish, bubbles, and school stationery, apparently.
(via Nerdist)


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Following hot on the heels of the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP) 2015 conference, held in the San Diego convention centre, Supply Chain Station brings you the first of 2 reviews recounting how the conference went down and the notable events and keynote speeches from Day 1.
The Circle of Excellence
This year's CSCMP conference was a well attended event with over 2,900 attendees and in the opening speeches mention was made of a new service that CSCMP will be providing called "The Circle of Excellence," a new online community targeted at supply chain management career progression.
The Circle will enable supply chain newbies to communicate with established supply chain professionals and a group of top, senior management professionals that will be known as Supply Chain Masters, with a view to helping young up-coming professionals to progress their career development. It is scheduled to be launched at the end of the first quarter next year.
The launch of the new level 3 course of the SCPro certification program was also announced, taking CSCMP's commitment to supply chain education/certification to the highest echelons.
The Distinguished Service Award
The top award that the CSCMP bestows on professionals to recognise significant contributions of excellence to the world of global supply chain management, the Distinguished Service Award, went to Robert Martichenko, the founder and Chief Executive Officer of LeanCor Supply Chain Group, one of the top global supply chain consultancy companies.
Opening keynote speech by Harold Schultz of Starbucks
The feature keynote speaker was the CEO of Starbucks, Howard Schultz who sat down with Kevin Smith, the current CSCMO Board Chair Elect and former head of supply chain for CBS, in what turned out to be an interview type of format of keynote speech or discussion whereby Schultz outlined Starbucks approach to sustainability; how they involve the coffee bean farmers and build sustainable, mutually beneficial supply chain practices – Starbucks being a great example of the New Social Enterprise trend. For example they offer part time employees stock options and college tuition – just parts of the benefits packages they offer employees. They also have an active recruitment program whereby they seek to employ veteran service men and women.
The bottom line for Mr Schultz, and a key factor with their social enterprise philosophy, is that he says he wants his employees to love working for Starbucks.
The number of so-called "Breakout Tracks" in this year's CSCMP conference was reduced down to 16 which meant that all sessions were well attended.
Hallmark's breakout session
One of the notable breakout sessions was hosted by Hallmark who presented what they termed as their Balanced Scorecard Program aimed at defeating supply chain silos, where by the individual functions within the company operated their own specific metrics resulting in a total of about 80 different metrics being used. Through a process of re-evaluation Hallmark whittled this down to a pyramid of 18 metrics the top 3-core metrics at the top of the pyramid being:
- Retail Service Levels
- Supply Chain Cost
- Return on Assets
It results in a much more manageable set of supply chain performance measurements which can be easily and regularly checked via a traffic light system to monitor and regulate overall performance and supply chain health.
Fastenal's breakout session
Another interesting breakout session was given by 3 speakers for Fastenal, the largest fastener distributor in North America who advocate that there is a huge opportunity for analyzing supply chain data. One example is that Fastenal provide a lot of data to their customers relating to their use of its products. It results in the customers being able to reduce costs and make economies of scale as outlined by Fastenal, something that the customers should do for themselves but mostly tend not to.
DAT Solution's breakout session
DAT Solutions (formerly Dial a Truck) gave a presentation on how data analysis can make huge savings in terms of regulating the number of road traffic shipments companies make in any given period of time. One of their customers Benjamin Moore, a $1.5 million turnover company didn't have a transportation department until recently. Since using DAT for price benchmarking they have saved hundreds of thousands of dollars by regulating shipments and negotiating better rates.
That completes our round-up of newsworthy happening in Day 1 of CSCMP 2015. Look out for our Day 2 review coming shortly.


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Table of Contents
VOI structure
The VOI structure is a volume of interest along with extracted data. They are stored in VOI*.mat files. They are normally created by clicking on the large V.O.I. button after choosing Results in SPM2.
Copied from spm_regions.m:
Y - first scaled eigenvariate of VOI {i.e. weighted mean} xY - VOI structure xY.xyz - centre of VOI {mm} xY.name - name of VOI xY.Ic - contrast used to adjust data (0 - no adjustment) xY.Sess - session index xY.def - VOI definition xY.spec - VOI definition parameters xY.XYZmm - Co-ordinates of VOI voxels {mm} xY.y - [whitened and filtered] voxel-wise data xY.u - first eigenvariate {scaled - c.f. mean response} xY.v - first eigenimage xY.s - eigenvalues xY.X0 - [whitened] confounds (including drift terms)


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Weaver wants to take stripper role to the stage
The actress carried out extensive research about the infamous historical figure but the TV drama is still to go before the cameras – and she's keen to try out her Gypsy on audiences.
She tells WENN, "It's still happening. HBO (network) bumped us because the new guy didn't want to do anything period piece. It's such a great script. We're still alive and kicking.
"It's hard to get something unusual done right now. We're trying to figure it out. We might do it as a theatre piece first. It will give me a chance to do her act in front of a live audience.
"The film sort of starts when she stops stripping. It shows her time with her son, who was, like, her stage manager and was in the box that she changed in, and so he was like her stage manager from the age of seven. Once he was an adolescent she wanted him to stay with her but he wanted to live his life, so it's about their relationship. It starts when he was a kid – 14, 15 – and goes to his early 20s."


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This week, in addition to a gorgeous nature photo, I also came across a lovely and uplifting song to share, so you can tap your toes during this Wednesday nature break.
Take a deep breath, clear your head, and lose yourself for a moment in the serenity of this grassy meadow and rugged mountain view from Grand Teton National Park:
|Marsh Meadow - National Park Service Photo
Here are some additional photos of interest I came across, featuring the J.P. Cunningham cabin in Grand Teton National Park. Built by a homesteader in 1888, this cabin may be modest, but I think you'll agree that the views are hard to beat!
|Cunningham Cabin - National Park Service Photo
|Cunningham Cabin - National Park Service Photo
...And because it mentions the Great Tetons, check out the music video below for "As We Ran," a sweet and lively song from The National Parks band, which has been on "repeat" on my iPod for awhile now! All proceeds from purchases of this song will be donated to the National Parks Conservation Association... but hurry, because this ends February 28th! Support our national parks and purchase the song on iTunes here.
Those song lyrics evoke such beautiful imagery of natural scenery and enduring memories rooted therein... something to which all of us Nature Nerds can relate. Once again, art and nature come together in a wonderful way!


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It is the most accurate survey of poverty and deprivation levels in Scotland and a vital tool in deciding how public funds are spent.
Now, for the first time, the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) will be made publicly available as part of a Scottish Government commitment to transparency.
Previously only the results of the survey, which is carried out every three years, were published. Now the raw data and code will be opened up thanks to a pioneering project by The Data Lab and the Scottish Government.
SIMD results were formerly published on a small area level with the information used by organisations, such as the NHS, to inform the services they deliver to areas most in need.
The new "openSIMD solution" offers enhanced access to the raw data as well as the results.
Scottish innovation centre, The Data Lab, developed open source 'R' code to calculate SIMD from indicators. This code is now being published alongside the raw data and will allow researchers or interested parties to modify the analysis and come up with their own results or use the data to explore different policy questions.
"This is an excellent example of how making data open and accessible means tangible social benefits can be delivered to the public," said Jude McCorry, head of business development at The Data Lab.
"It's about using data insight and understanding for the good of society. We are committed to supporting the Scottish Government in its drive for a more open data approach. It is clear that such transparency will help drive more evidence-based policy decisions. That can only be a positive achievement."
Chief Statistician Roger Halliday said: "The Scottish Government is committed to the open data agenda and the publication of openSIMD is a valuable extension of our commitment to making data open and transparent.
"By publishing the programming code that creates SIMD, these important statistics are now fully open for anyone to scrutinise and re-use. This…


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Shveta Salve of Jhalak... fame back with Ek Tha Chander… Ek Thi Sudha
Since her TV debut in 1998, Shveta Salve claims to have done it all. With her new show, Ek Tha Chander… Ek Thi Sudha, she's returning to fictional shows after an eight-year hiatus. Here, she discusses the break and her shelved debut film.tv Updated: Apr 14, 2014 16:31 IST
Since her TV debut in 1998, Shveta Salve claims to have done it all. With her new show, Ek Tha Chander… Ek Thi Sudha (ETCETS), she's returning to fictional shows after an eight-year hiatus. Here, she discusses the break and her shelved debut film.
You were last seen hosting Dance India Dance. Now you are returning to fiction shows after eight years. What took you so long?
I got bored of TV. I needed a break to do different stuff, and discover more about myself and life. I got offers regularly, but I was waiting for something other than the usual fare. I've done a variety of roles and my journey has been long, so a break was good. In between, I did non-fiction shows, so I was never out of sight.
Read:I am no trained dancer: Shveta Salve
How has the industry changed since your last show?
Indian TV works on the tried-and-tested method. Everyone has a herd mentality. The era of saas-bahu sagas lasted long; then came reality shows, and now we have many mythological and crime shows. But who am I to judge? They work and the audience loves them. I come from an era when TV was simpler because there was time to do your work at a good pace. That's why it took me a while to decide to step back into fiction.
Why did you pick ETCETS?
It's based on the book, Gunahon Ka Devta, and Ashwini Dheer is helming it. He's a master storyteller and producer. As my role isn't of a protagonist, I was apprehensive, but it was too fantastic to turn it down.
Your debut film, with Dharmesh Darshan's, got shelved. Was it a bitter experience?
No. It's unfortunate that some things happen and others don't. It would have been great, but what can we do about it? I did a few songs in movies and even acted in Mahesh Manjrekar's Marathi film, Kurukshetra (2000). Films were never the agenda for me.
How is married life?
I don't feel married as it's been just a year-and-a-half. It's great though; I love it.
Are you in touch with your ex-boyfriend, Rodney Barnes?
I am in touch with all my exes.
Why didn't you win Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (JDJ)? You should have won it as you were deserving.
Why didn't you win JDJ? This is a question that I feel I'll take to my grave.
I've heard a lot about Comedy Nights With Kapil.
Suchitra Pillai, who is a good friend, and is back on TV. I will root for her as she's a fine, versatile actor.
I have a tough time saying no. I get carried away.


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A true child of TV, David Hiltbrand has worked as a critic at People and as a columnist and editor at TV Guide.