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Colloid solutions used to expand vascular volume
Q: Could you explain what colloid solutions are and how they should be used?
A: In today's practice, both crystalloid and colloid solutions should be used in routine fluid therapy.
At the 18th Annual Veterinary Medical Forum of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Dr. Karol A. Mathews of Guelph, Ontario, Canada presented a pertinent review on colloids and their use in small animal practice. The following is a modified summary of the well-presented review.
Whole blood, plasma, human serum albumin, dextrans, hydroxyethyl starches, pentastarch, oxypolygelatin and hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers are examples of colloid solutions. Some synthetic colloid solutions, such as dextrans, hydroxyethyl starches, pentastarch and oxypolygelatin, contain large particles that do not readily leave the vascular space.
These particles act to hold, and in some instances draw, water into the vascular space, and, thereby, expands the vascular volume. They exert a colloidal osmotic pressure in a similar manner as does plasma proteins.
Colloid solutions are usually selected for those dogs and cats requiring intravascular volume expansion to increase perfusion pressure and oxygen delivery on an emergent basis or to maintain adequate oncotic and perfusion pressure where crystalloid solutions alone are inadequate. Examples where colloid solutions may be of benefit and superior to crystalloid solutions alone are in those dogs and cats that are:
· Hypovolemic and hypoproteinemic.
· Traumatized and hypovolemic
· Hypovolemic with head trauma
· Hypotensive and in shock
· Severe sepsis
· Ascites and peripheral edema
· Hypotension during anesthesia
Colloid solutions may be used in combination with hypertonic saline solution to increase the duration of effect of hypertonic saline solution and reduce the volume of crystalloid solution required to attain and maintain adequate systemic arterial blood pressure and tissue perfusion in a hypovolemic crisis.
Where active hemorrhage is occurring, bleeding should be controlled before optimizing systemic blood pressure. The use of colloid solutions alone, or in combination with crystalloid solutions, can be tailored to the individual animal to optimize outcome.
The infusion of the various colloid products will depend on the animal's history (acute or chronic illness, trauma, inflammation) physical examination findings (hydration and mental status, third space losses, blood loss, underlying disease), serum chemistry profile results (serum albumin and total protein levels, renal and liver function, electrolytes) and PCV (anemia).
Albumin accounts for 80 percent of plasma colloidal osmotic pressure 40 percent of extracellular fluid albumin is found in the intravascular space and interstitial sites contain the remaining 60 percent.
Albumin synthesis in the liver is increased subsequent to losses, provided nutrient supply to the liver is sufficient. The permeability of endothelium is increased during hypoalbuminemic states. When serum albumin levels normalize, the size of the microvascular pores between the endothelial cells return to normal reducing endothelial permeability and edema.
Fresh or fresh frozen plasma contains many substances in addition to albumin, including fibronectin, alpha-macroglobulins, antithrombin III, anti-trypsin and coagulation factors; all important when treating animals with sepsis of varying causes, DIC, or congenital or acquired coagulation disorders.
Hypoproteinemic states
Stored, frozen plasma may be of benefit in hypoproteinemic states during volume resuscitation in shock, for rodenticide-induced coagulopathy, after trauma or in a perioperative period to increase intravascular volume without decreasing oncotic pressure further and to provide transport proteins for administered medications.
Frozen plasma is ineffective in treatment of chronic hypoproteinemic states as intravenously administered plasma redistributes to the interstitial space. The intravascular half-life of transfused plasma (for its albumin component) is about 16 hours.
The recommended volume of plasma to be administered is approximately 20-30 ml/kg/day, which can be administered continuously over 24 hours, as a two- to four-hour infusion (or faster if needed), or in 6-10 ml/kg aliquots and given as one-hour infusions every eight hours.
Plasma transfusions
Plasma transfusions are recommended when serum albumin levels drop below 2.0 g/dl and the animal is deteriorating. If the animal is improving, values lower than 2.0 g/dl are well tolerated and increase with time. Approximately 22.5 ml/kg plasma is required to raise the recipient's albumin level to 5.0 g/dl. Potential side effects of plasma infusions are hypocalcemia with large volume transfusions, reactions to plasma proteins and infection from contaminated products.
The time taken to thaw frozen plasma makes its use as a first line colloid solution inappropriate in the shocky animal. Calcium-containing fluids, such as lactated Ringer's solution, should not be given through the same intravenous line as plasma as the calcium will precipitate the citrate in the anticoagulant.
Human serum albumin
Human serum albumin solution (Plasbumin-25, Bayer Corp.) is an alternative to species-specific plasma. Human serum albumin has been rarely used in veterinary medicine but is now being used with increased frequency.
Because of its high oncotic load, this product will result in an increase in the intravascular volume of almost five times the volume administered within 30-60 minutes; therefore, continuous monitoring is required to prevent potential volume overload and pulmonary edema.
It can be administered at 2 ml/kg over four hours, or faster in emergent hypotensive states refractory to other colloid solutions and continued as a constant rate infusion at 0.1 ml/kg/h in severely hypoproteinemic states. Human serum albumin is beneficial in septic animals with an exposed abdomen. Repeat transfusion may result in anaphylaxis and is contraindicated in those dogs with circulatory overload (congestive heart failure, renal insufficiency or stabilized chronic anemia).
Starch-based colloid solutions
The commercially available starch-based colloid solutions are mixtures of glucose polymers of various molecular weights - average molecular weight of hetastarch is 450,000 daltons and pentastarch is 260,000 daltons. Of importance with starch-based colloid solutions is the extent and duration of increase in oncotic pressure and volume expansion. Until recently, 6% hetastarch (Hespan, B. Braun/McGaw), 10% pentastarch (Pentaspan, B. Braun/McGaw), and 6% dextran-70 (Macrodex, Medisan Pharmaceuticals) in 0.9% saline and 5% dextrose (dextran 70 only) solution with an osmolarity ranging from 310-326 mOsm/L were the most common synthetic colloids used in veterinary practice.
A commercially available bovine bone gelatin-based colloid solution, oxypolygelatin (RapidVet Plasm-ex, DMS Laboratories) in a balanced electrolyte solution at neutral pH, has recently been approved for use in companion animals. It has average molecular weight of 30,000 daltons, and is excreted through the kidneys with less than 10 percent metabolized and has no tissue accumulation.
These colloid solutions can be administered as a slow push in emergent situations, over one to several hours to treat edematous animals, or as a 24-hour constant rate infusion along with a low infusion rate of a crystalloid fluid for maintenance in animals that are hypoalbuminemic.
Post-op, critically ill
As a general rule, when using these colloid solutions for management of the postoperative or critically ill, hypoproteinemic animal, one-third of the calculated fluid volume requirement should be administered as colloid solution and the remaining two-thirds as crystalloid solution.
The extent of volume expansion and increase in oncotic pressure will vary with each colloid product.
In general, all colloid products are very effective volume expanders with more expansion observed with a higher rate of administration.
Because rapid volume expansion can be detrimental, caution should be used when administering starch-based and gelatin-based colloid products to animals with oliguric or anuric renal failure or congestive heart failure. All colloid solutions may reduce von-Willebrand factor activity and the activity of serum coagulation factors, especially factor VIII, to some degree, beyond that of dilutional effects alone. Most of the time this will not result in clinical bleeding problems.
The recommended dose for hetastarch, pentastarch, or dextrans is 20 ml/kg/day for dogs and 10 ml/kg/day for cats. A relative contraindication to large volumes of hydroxy-ethyl starch products might be an animal with a moderate coagulopathy where hemorrhage may be a concern after surgery or splenic and/or liver trauma. An absolute contraindication would be animals with a severe coagulopathy.
Anaphylaxis has been seen with the use of dextrans but not with hetastarch, pentastarch or oxypolygelatin product. While generally contraindicated in animals with congestive heart failure, pentastarch has been used in these animals with renal insufficiency. After congestion is resolved, infusions up to 5 ml/kg/day in cats and up to 10 ml/kg/day in dogs delivered over 24 hours have been administered to enhance renal perfusion and urine production. The concomitant reduction in the volume of crystalloid fluids decreased the formation of interstitial edema while improving renal function.
Dextran excretion
Excretion of dextrans is significantly reduced in renal compromised animals. Dextran-40 and, to a lesser extent, dextran-70 lowers blood viscosity which may improve microcirculatory blood flow and tissue oxygenation, possibly because of a hemodilution-related decrease in blood viscosity or to primary effects on the RBC and endothelial cell adhesiveness. However, dextran-70 may cause increased RBC sludging in the microcirculation in dehydrated animals. Dextran-40 may also cause renal failure by precipitating in the renal tubules in animals with severe dehydration or impaired renal perfusion.
Crystalloid solutions should be administered concurrently to reduce this effect. Dextrans reduce clotting factor levels by hemodilution, coating blood vessel walls and cellular elements and impair the elasticity and tensile strength of the fibrin clots.
Hemostatic problems may occur more readily in thrombcytopenic animals and animals with renal failure because of uremic platelet dysfunction. The recommended dose for dextrans in dogs is 10-20 ml/kg/day and 5-10 ml/kg/day in cats.
Oxypolygelatin is recommended for maintenance and circulatory equilibrium in the presence of actual, or incipient, circulatory disturbances. Because oxypolygelatin does not interfere with platelet function, this product may be preferred over hetastarch or pentastarch in animals with hemorrhage, or at increased risk for hemorrhage following trauma or surgery.
This product can be used at 3-5 ml/kg over 15 minutes in emergent situations, in combination with crystalloid solutions, with continued administration at a slower rate as needed with a total volume of 10-20 ml/kg/dose given in a 24-hour period.
The volume effect, when given as a bolus, lasts approximately four hours making it an ideal solution for short-term hypovolemic, hypotensive shock. This product may be used for several days without noticeable side effects. Anuria in dogs due to shock may be reversed with normal urine production achieved within three hours after infusion with oxypolygelatin.
However, oxypolygelatin administration to animals in renal failure due to other causes should be administered with caution. The urine specific gravity and protein concentration will be increased due to renal excretion of the gelatin protein. This product is available in 250 ml glass bottles and has a four-year shelf life.
What's your question? Send your pediatric/geriatric related questions to: Pediatric/Geriatric Protocol, DVM Newsmagazine, 7500 Old Oak Blvd., Cleveland, OH 44130. Your questions will be answered by Dr. Hoskins in upcoming columns.
Dr. Hoskins is owner of DocuTech Services in Baton Rouge, La. He is a diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine with specialities in small animal pediatrics. Formerly a professor in the School of Veterinary Medicine at Louisiana State University, Hoskins is also the author of clinical textbooks on pediatrics and geriatrics. He founded an Internet service called "Vet-Web.com", where pet owners can e-mail animal health related questions and he responds via e-mail. The Internet address is www.vet-web.com. He can be reached at (225) 751-9272.


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Firm dynamic governance of global innovation by means of flexible networks of connections
Today a plethora of inter-company alliances exists. Firms have networked value chains, disclosing consequently their strategy, which assets are internalized or externalized, and their ability to cope with fast change. The picture of all interfirm alliances in high tech sectors is that of an unstable complex network, or macrostructure, that evolves quickly and into which firms are differently entwined. Structural metrics borrowed from network research in sociology such as centrality and constraint (or lack of "structural holes") can be used to assess dynamically a firm's position in the macro structure and therefore the market: does the firm occupy a dominant or dominated position in an industry? How do its partners and competitors perform? Drawing also from recent theories on complex networks developed by statistical physicists, we show that firms are embedded in dynamic complex networks that have a 'scale-free' format, with only a few firms or "hubs" controlling the system, as well as a cohesive or 'small-world' structure. This small-world structure, which allows rapid diffusion of innovation along very short paths, also constrains firms continuously and can lead to a fast reversal of their position on the market. Taking as an example a major sector of the biopharmaceutical industry, this study offers insights for managers to assess effectively their environment and navigate under constant pressure within these ever-changing networks.
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
|Date of creation:
|Jul 2008
|Publication status:
|Published in Journal of Innovation Economics 2.2(2008): pp. 63-83
|Contact details of provider:
| Postal: Ludwigstraße 33, D-80539 Munich, Germany
Phone: +49-(0)89-2180-2459
Fax: +49-(0)89-2180-992459
Web page: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de
More information through EDIRC
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Gomes-Casseres, Benjamin & Hagedoorn, John & Jaffe, Adam B., 2006.
"Do alliances promote knowledge flows?,"
Journal of Financial Economics,
Elsevier, vol. 80(1), pages 5-33, April.
- Benjamin Gomes-Casseres & John Hagedoorn & Adam B. Jaffe, 2002. "Do Alliances Promote Knowledge Flows?," NBER Chapters,in: Corporate Alliances National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- David J. Teece, 2003. "Competition, Cooperation, and Innovation Organizational Arrangements for Regimes of Rapid Technological Progress," World Scientific Book Chapters,in: Essays In Technology Management And Policy Selected Papers of David J Teece, chapter 16, pages 447-474 World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
- Teece, David J., 1992. "Competition, cooperation, and innovation : Organizational arrangements for regimes of rapid technological progress," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 1-25, June.
- Abdelillah HAMDOUCH, 2008. "Conceptualizing innovation clusters and networks," Working Papers 3, Réseau de Recherche sur l'Innovation. / Research Network on Innovation.
- Dan Usher, 1973. "The Measurement of Economic Growth," Working Papers 145, Queen's University, Department of Economics.
- Jackson, Matthew O. & Wolinsky, Asher, 1996. "A Strategic Model of Social and Economic Networks," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 71(1), pages 44-74, October.
- Matthew O. Jackson & Asher Wolinsky, 1994. "A Strategic Model of Social and Economic Networks," Discussion Papers 1098, Northwestern University, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science.
- Matthew O. Jackson & Asher Wolinsky, 1995. "A Strategic Model of Social and Economic Networks," Discussion Papers 1098R, Northwestern University, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science.
- Cowan, Robin & Jonard, Nicolas, 2004. "Network structure and the diffusion of knowledge," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 28(8), pages 1557-1575, June.
- Cowan Robin & Jonard Nicolas, 1999. "Network Structure and the Diffusion of Knowledge," Research Memorandum 026, Maastricht University, Maastricht Economic Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
- Robin Cowan & Nicolas Jonard, 2008. "If the Alliance Fits . . . : Innovation and Network Dynamics," Working Papers of BETA 2008-06, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.
- Cowan, Robin & Jonard, Nicolas, 2008. "If the Alliance Fits . . . : Innovation and Network Dynamics," MERIT Working Papers 022, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
- Mowery, David C. & Oxley, Joanne E. & Silverman, Brian S., 1998. "Technological overlap and interfirm cooperation: implications for the resource-based view of the firm," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 27(5), pages 507-523, September.
- Deeds, David L. & Hill, Charles W. L., 1996. "Strategic alliances and the rate of new product development: An empirical study of entrepreneurial biotechnology firms," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 11(1), pages 41-55, January.
- Joel A. C. Baum & Andrew V. Shipilov & Tim J. Rowley, 2003. "Where do small worlds come from?," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press, vol. 12(4), pages 697-725, August. Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)
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subset: commoncrawl


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Few places offer the quintessential Western ski vacation ambiance as Lone Mountain Ranch at Big Sky. Cross-country ski and snowshoe trails curl around cozy log cabins on the historic Montana homestead where old-style sleigh ride dinners top the evening activities.
The ranch packages up all-inclusive vacations where you don't have to whip out your wallet every other minute. Lodging, lift tickets, three meals per day, cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, draft beer and house wine, sleigh ride dinners, and evening programs are included. Lodging can be in the main lodge or log cabins. Shuttles connect Lone Mountain Ranch with Big Sky Resort, located six miles up the road.
Packages at Lone Mountain Ranch require a minimum of four nights. During the regular season early January through early March, a four-night package for two adults with three days of skiing at Big Sky Resort starts at $3,406. A four-night package for a family of two adults and two children (ages 6-12) and three days of lift tickets starts at $6,240. Holiday rates run higher, but prices lower March 8 - April 4, 2014. A few cancellations have opened up last minute spots for the Christmas holidays.
Lone Mountain Ranch runs its winter season until April 5, 2014. For more information or to make reservations, call 800-514-4644.


text:
Ben Hammersley has just built something brilliant. There's been lots of talk lately about validation. It's hard. Maintaining validation is harder.
To make things easier on yourself, check out Ben's fantastic XHTML Validator to RSS widget. Append a URL to the script, and subscribe to it using your favorite newsreader. Woilla! An RSS feed for validation errors. Updated whenever you'd like of course. You don't even need to think about checking for validation errors manually anymore.
This is instantly useful. Bravo, Ben.
Subscribable Validation
Ben Hammersley has just built something brilliant. There's been lots of talk lately about validation. It's hard. Maintaining validation is harder.
12 Comments
Works great in feed demon.
Thought I would point out that you have to actually point it to a file. When i tried just pointing to a domain name (jeremyflint.com), it would not return anything, but when i added a filename (index.php), it worked.
Thanks for the tip Dan.
That is a brilliant, innovative use of RSS. Much easier than setting up a cron job or some other such nonsense. This could be useful for other scripts I want to schedule to run regularly on my sites… ohhh, Ben and Dan get bonus points for this idea…
The credit entirely goes to Ben. I'm just merely reporting on it. ;-)
Perhaps I was over-excited, I'll be a little more careful throwing around those bonus points next time.
That is pretty cool, Although my site isn't even valid yet :p
This is a bit off topic but I just found this great web based news reader bloglines. It is really worth taking a look at. You can keep up on all of your news now no matter what computer you are on. How many of you already use this?
Jared: I use Bloglines for when I'm traveling.
Dan/Ben: Brilliant. (I know that you didn't write it, Dan, but you reported it.) I can't wait to use this.
Great post Dan, thanks for the link!
Oh no. A permanent, updating, always there reminder that my site is not yet valid. As if I wasn't feeling inadequate enough already!
Thanks though – everything a great tool should be: brilliantly simple, immediately obvious now we have it, and instantly essential. Congrats Ben.
Thanks for bringing this to our attention Dan, and thanks to Ben for sharing an incredibly useful idea
Thanks for telling us about that useful tool! :-)
Its Voila, not woilla!


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LITTLE ROCK — An early line on the favorites to make the College Football Playoff is an overly enthusiastic compliment to Florida State and a blanket condemnation of teams in the ACC, plus Oklahoma State, Notre Dame and Florida.
LITTLE ROCK — An early line on the favorites to make the College Football Playoff is an overly enthusiastic compliment to Florida State and a blanket condemnation of teams in the ACC, plus Oklahoma State, Notre Dame and Florida.
To appreciate the short price on the Seminoles, a primer on betting lines is provided.
The question is will Florida State make the four-team playoff? For yes, the line is minus-350 which means those who believe in the Seminoles, a wager of $350 is required to turn a $100 profit.
For comparison's sake, the next two favorites are Oregon and Ohio State at even money — bet $100 and get back $200.
The line on the other half-dozen teams offered initially by Bovada.lv falls on the plus side. For instance, Alabama is +125, which means a wager of $100 to make a $125 profit.
Before getting back to the defending national champion and the teams supposedly playing second fiddle on the FSU schedule, the line on other prime contenders to make the playoff:
Oklahoma, +175
Auburn, +175
Michigan State, +225
Not surprisingly, Florida State is the only Atlantic Coast Conference team mentioned in the original e-mail from Bovada.lv, but I thought Baylor with Bryce Petty would be right there with OU as a CFP possibility from the Big 12 and Stanford with Kevin Hogan would be on par with UCLA in the Pac-12.
Quarterback Jameis Winston is at the heart of the support for FSU, but the Heisman Trophy is a burden and some quality help is no longer available. The Seminoles had seven players taken during the NFL draft, fourth behind LSU, Alabama, and Notre Dame. FSU's group included one first rounder, two second rounders, and one third rounder.
Among the ACC teams on the Seminoles' schedule, Clemson would normally be the biggest hurdle, but the Tigers lost quarterback Tajh Boyd and wide receiver Sammy Watkins. Louisville — Razorback fans know how a Bobby Petrino offense can operate — would have an excellent chance to upset FSU except the Seminoles have two weeks to prepare for the Cardinals.
Maybe it's the bullseye thing, but Florida State is in the same category as Kentucky Derby-Preakness winner California Chrome — I think both will lose, I just can't figure out who will beat them.
Because Aaron Murray and Connor Shaw have moved on and Florida is down and the Western Division representative has won five straight SEC championship games, teams from the Eastern Division are noticeably absent from the select group of leading contenders for the CFP. Asked to provide some numbers on Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida, the oddsmakers responded with +250, +400, and +600. In other words, the team playing in Little Rock on Oct. 18 is the clear-cut favorite in the East.
Forced to take a stand on Florida State, I would go for the "No" side of the proposition. In the first place, I'm not wagering $35 to make $10. The price on FSU failing to be one of the four is +225 — $10 to clear $22.50. Secondly, an SEC team can lose once and still be one of the elite four, but that's not necessarily true for an ACC team. Of course, part of the equation involves the possibility of unbeatens from the Big Ten, Big 12, or Pac-12.
To me, Ohio State is the best bet. Wagering $10 to make $10 is not my style and I wouldn't bet football with somebody else's money, but I do think the Buckeyes have the easiest path to a spot in the College Football Playoff.
As far as the CFP goes, the oddsmakers do not offer a line on any team that is more than 50-1 to win the national championship. At 50-1 or less are 25 teams and only a dozen are below 30-1.
Arkansas is 100-1, same as Mississippi State, and a longer shot than 10 other SEC teams.
Harry King is a sports columnist. His email is firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Results 6 to 10 of 252
Thread: Your Current Top 5 Girl Names?
July 30th, 2014 04:10 AM #6
1. Aria
2. Cecilia
3. Francesca
4. Yasmine
5. Bernadette
first three are stable, the rest changes a lot.Marta Alexandra. 25.
♀ Aria * Cecilia * Francesca * Kristina * Mae * Maris * Saga * Valentina *
* Bernadette * Elinor * Leah * Louisa * Marguerite * Nina * Odette * Rose * Soledad * Solstice * Valerie *
♂ Antoine * Bernard * Edgar * Frederick * Louis * Noel *
* Adam * Alistair * Desmond * Maximilian *
July 30th, 2014 04:17 AM #8
Last edited by doctorwho; July 31st, 2014 at 03:56 AM.Finn | Felix | Noah | August | Amelia | Clara | Hazel | Florence
"You can't see me, can you? You look at me and you can't see me. Do you have any idea what that's like? I'm not on the phone, I'm right here. Standing in front of you. Please, just... just see me."
- The Twelfth Doctor
July 30th, 2014 04:39 AM #10
In no particular order (I put in 6, because I cannot decide):
1.) Bunny Maude: Bunny is just the sort of name that makes me feel incredibly happy. I named my miniature belted Galloway cow Bunny, and she made me love the name even more. It also honours my great grandmother in a vague way, because her nicknames were Badger and Ducky. Maude is a beautiful name, and it also honours both my great grandmother (via the meaning) and my own mother (via the sound of her middle name). But mostly it is just because I love the names.
2.) Nanetta Yuki Florence: Nanetta honours my mum, Ann, and my Nana. I also think the meaning (grace) is beautiful. Yuki honours my great grandmother on my mother's side, as Yuki was her name. Florence honours my great grandmother on my dad's side, as her middle name was Flora, and she was born in Florence, Italy. I love that all together, this name can mean either 'graceful snow flower' or 'graceful snow flourish.' This name also honours my Dad, as he is a horticulturalist, and snowdrops are among his favourite flowers.
3.) Vesper Novella Opal: I just love the name and meaning of Vesper, and I am a writer, so Novella reflects that. Opal's were my Nana's favourite stone, and every birthday, she used to give me a small opal from her collection. So, I think it is a lovely reminder of her. She lived a very monastic life, save for her opals .
4.) Frances Henriette- Frances honours my grandpa through the meaning, as well as every single male on that side of the family. It also honours my mother's half sister, Francesca. Henriette is just a wonderful name.
5.) Agnes Happy: I just adore this name, and as silly as it sounds, it honours my great grandmother in a vague way (her name was Edith Flora, and Edith is the sister of Agnes is Despicable Me. I can't use Edith, because my sister's name is Eden / Edie). Happy is a reminder of everything I want my children to be in life.
6.) Esther Opal: I love both of these names (see above for the significance of Opal).
Bunny Maude, Nanetta Yuki Florence, Vesper Novella Opal, Frances Henriette, Agnes Happy and Esther Opal.Girls:
Camellia Edie, Mercy Annabelle, Elowen Lilac, Vesper Daisy, Shalom Alice, Bellamy Evangeline, Ivalo Honour.
Guthrie Abe, Enoch Matthias, Moses Amzi, Amias Ezekiel, Ignatius Beau, Rufus Gardener, Asa Eden.
July 30th, 2014 05:09 AM #12
Forewarned: I suck at middle names.
Rosalie Arwen - Rose
I've loved Rose since I was a little girl, but always felt it was too nickname-y. So, hence, Rosalie. It's beautiful. It also incorporates two of my favourite characters (from different book series) so that's a bonus. Arwen is the name of a lady from one of my favourite series (LOTR). I'm not sure about the flow, though. Again, I really suck at middle names.
Evangeline Lacey - Eva
This is a combo I'm actually quite happy with. I adore Eve names. Eva brings me far enough away from Adam and Eve that I'm happy with, and as a nickname for Evangeline (which is beautiful), it just really ties it all together. Lacey is frilly and cute next to the more regal Evangeline - but I really like it. I am, however, slightly conflicted as I adore Lacey Evangeline, too (but I slightly prefer Eva - hence the combo listed!)
Anna Genevieve - Annie
Another combo I'm extremely happy with. In my area, Anna is pronounced ah-nah, but I love ann-ee. So I'm just going to cut a few corners here and name her Anna (ah-nah) and nickname her Annie (ann-ee). It doesn't make a lot of sense, but it's perfect to me. Annie also incorporates both of my grandmothers - as one has it as their middle name and the other as a nickname. Genevieve is longer and more queenly next to the striking to-the-point Anna. Not many people like this, but meh. Also, btw, regardless of popular believe, is not inspired from Frozen - I've loved this name beforehand.
Astrid ______
I love Astrid. Inspired by one of my favourite characters in a children's movie (How To Train Your Dragon), I love how strong and, well, viking it is. The character is everything I've ever admired in a person, so, hence the name. Also hoping my daughter would look up to her - especially if she share's the name. It's incredibly tough to pair with though - anything too 'tough' sounds like I'm trying to hard next to it, and anything 'soft' just doesn't go.
Poppy Matilda
Love Poppy, though it is too nickname-y to me. But I love it anyway. And full names for it I don't like (Penelope) or are just too much of a stretch (Ophelia, Josephine) for it to come naturally. Poppy is also a name of a main character from the first 'adult' book I read as a kid. Matilda because I think it sounds nice next Poppy, plus, again, the character from the movie Matilda was a character I admired as a child.
These names are inspired by people who have inspired me throughout my life (whether fictional, living or dead). It may seem childish (especially since most of them are from kids movies) but honestly, these are the things that have affected me the most from my childhood. As someone who grew up in the country, I didn't have a lot of people to look up to except the people I saw on TV or read about in books. And I just like the names in general.
J. 20. Designer.
Edith Primrose. Eira Rosemary. Poppy Matilda. Sylvie Primrose. Vera Forentina.
Elliot Christian. Julian Theodore. Vincent Orion. Walter Edmund.
also considering...
Anna Soleil. Jane Leonora. Rose Evangeline.
Annevieve Claire Claudia Cressida Evangeline Guinevere Gwyneira Leora Marguerite Susan
Atlas August Darcy Donovan Edmund Jasper Jude Loren Theoden Vaughn Willem Winston
July 30th, 2014 06:42 AM #14Senior Member
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I've been traveling since before my memory even serves. Road trips and flights were a regular thing in my family, and for a while, a bag sat at the foot of my bed, always half-packed or half-unpacked, depending on how you looked at it. Read More
Tag: travel essentials
My Number One Travel Essential
It seems like everyone I know is experiencing wanderlust at the moment. The freedom of summer and the knowledge that fall is not too far away seems to have everyone itching to just go. I travel pretty frequently, and today I wanted to share with you all my go-to travel essential. This is something that I carry with me on every single trip I take – no exceptions. Read More
Wanderlust: Travel Essentials
It has become that time of year when people are jet-setting around the world for a vacation, and for me preparing for the on-flight experience is just as important as packing for your vacation. I have always had travel fever. I feel like my mind expands whenever I go to a foreign country and it enriches my outlook on life. I like to think I have a gypsy soul, always wanting to explore new places and cultures.


text: With awards season kicking into high gear, How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying video blogger Christopher J. Hanke has his work cut out for him keeping up with all of the show's many press events. In part eight of Frump Tower: Behind the Scenes at "How to Succeed" with Christopher J. Hanke (and Bud Frump), Hanke takes viewers behind the scenes at The View and backstage (well, outside) at Late Show with David Letterman. Along the way, Hanke does some investigative journalism involving a Winnebago and cologne by Paris Hilton, gives a shout-out to Bud Frump superfan Brett Temple, and finally follows through on his strip-off challenge to fellow Broadway.com vlogger, Priscilla's Nick Adams. Enjoy!


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NewswireToday - /newswire/ -
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 2011/02/23 - Favourable economic and operating environment to result in phenomenal growth of wind power installations in Canada.
According to the research report Canada Wind Power Market Opportunities 2016 by TechSci Research, The wind power installation in Canada has been experiencing exponential growth in recent years due to favourable economic and operating environment. The cumulative installed capacity of wind power in Canada surpassed 4 GW by the end of 2010 as compared to a capacity of around 1.8 GW in 2007.
The report further says that Canada is expected to lead the wind power market in coming years, driven by the government appetite for renewable energy. Canadian government commitment to thrive for energy from renewable sources will result in the desired thrust towards the future growth of wind power market in the coming years. Driven by rising level of investment and government support, the cumulative installed capacity of wind power is expected to grow five folds by 2016. It was estimated that new wind farm developments in 2009 represented more than C$2.2 billion in investment.
Canada Wind Power Market Opportunities 2016 gives an unprejudiced overview on the Canadian wind power market like installation capacity by region and province, wind power capacity utilization, wind power resources and potential, wind power equipment market, current and anticipated future scenario of offshore wind power, regulatory landscape, tariff structure and competitive landscape. It will help readers get familiar with current and expected future trends with respect to the Canadian Wind power market.
For report and research related queries please contact us or visit techsciresearch.com/.
Written by / Agency / Source: TechSci Research
Availability: All Regions (Including Int'l)
Traffic Booster: [/] Quick Newswire Today Visibility Checker
Distribution / Indexing: [+]


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100 Favorite Weight Watchers Recipes.pdf
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Carolinas Country Cooking.pdf
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casseroles recipes.pdf
Cheese A Global History.pdf
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Club Cuisine - Cooking With A Master Chef.pdf
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Coleman Family Cookbook.pdf
Complete Idiot'S Guide To Vitamins And Minerals.pdf
Cook 1or2 Recipes.pdf
Cookies And Bars.pdf
Cooking - The Salsa Book.pdf
Cooking By The Book.pdf
Cooking With Burt Wolf.pdf
Cooking With DR Pepper & 7UP.pdf
Copycat Recipes.pdf
countries recipes.pdf
Country Cooking.pdf
Crockpot Recipes 1.pdf
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Culinary Arts - Barbecue Recipes.pdf
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Culinary Atrs - Cooking Techniques.pdf
Curry Cuisine.pdf
Dale's Recipe Book.pdf
Desserts Of Vitality.pdf
Detox Bible.pdf
Detox Cookbook.pdf
Diabetic Recipes.pdf
Diaz de Mayo Mexican Cookbook.pdf
Dinner Parties Made Simple!.pdf
Drying Fruits and Vegetables.pdf
Dutch Oven Cookbook.pdf
Eastman Outdoor Recipes.pdf
Easy to make! Roasts.cbr
Fish & Game Recipes.pdf
Food and Drink in Medieval Poland.pdf
Food Network 07 2011.pdf
Foods of India.pdf
Foods of Spain.pdf
For The Love Of Zucchini.pdf
Freezing Fruits.pdf
Friday'S Master Drink Recipe Coctail Book.pdf
Generations Of Recipes.pdf
Get Out Of The Box Cookbook.pdf
Gifts In A Jar.pdf
God Bless Texas.pdf
Gods Banquet Table.pdf
Good Eats, A Treasury of Favorite Recipes.pdf
Gourmet Nutrition.pdf
Grains and Cereals.pdf
Granny Whites Bread Recipes.pdf
Great Tastes.pdf
Grilling Guide.pdf
Guide to Cake Recipes.pdf
Guide To Casseroles.pdf
Health and Bodybuilding - Body Building Recipes.pdf
Healthy Eating - Basic Nutrition.pdf
Healthy Gourmet Recipes.pdf
Healthy Herbs.pdf
Healthy Living.pdf
Healthy Low Carb Recipes.pdf
Healthy, Thrifty Meals.pdf
Heavenly Cookies.pdf
Heinz 2003 Handbook.pdf
Herbal Medicine Formulas and Recipes 1.pdf
Holiday Recipes.pdf
Home Distillation Handbook.pdf
How to cut up a chicken.pdf
How To Prepare Delicious Meals On A Budget.pdf
I Hate Counting Calories.pdf
Ice Cream Delights.pdf
In A Roman Kitchen Timeless Recipes.pdf
Indian Express Cooking Recipes.pdf
Indian Medicinal Plants.pdf
Indian Recipes 1.pdf
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Industrial Chocolate Manufacture.pdf
Insiders Recipes Master Edition Cookbook.pdf
International recipes.pdf
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Jamie Oliver - Sainsburys Recipes.pdf
Jamie Oliver - The Naked Chef 2.pdf
Japanese Cuisine - Wei-Chuan.pdf
Japanese Recipes 1.pdf
Joy Of Canning.pdf
KFC Cookbook.pdf
Know Your Ingredients.pdf
Know Your Spices.pdf
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Le Cordon Bleu Recipe - Tarte Aux Pommes Classique.pdf
lemonade recipes.pdf
Lifestyle to Health Recipes.pdf
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Minota Hagey Cookbook.pdf
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Mom's Best Recipes Cookbook.pdf
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Nanny Ogg's Cookbook.pdf
Native American Health Recipes.pdf
Negative Calorie Foods & Recipes.pdf
Negative Calorie List.pdf
Nelson Family Recipe Book.pdf
New Hungarian Cuisine.pdf
New Zealand Cuisine 09 2011.pdf
Nigella Bites recipes.pdf
Nigella Lawson Cook Book.pdf
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On Cooking.pdf
Over Two Hundred Recipes For Italian Dishes.pdf
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Pedro'S Cookbook Brazilian Recipes.pdf
Perdue Chicken Cookbook.pdf
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Reclaim Your Body & Health.pdf
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Salad Master.pdf
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Santesson Recipe Collection Aphrodisiac Cooking.pdf
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Sarah's Cookbook.pdf
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Serious Kitchen play.pdf
Slow Cookin' Secrets.pdf
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South Beach Diet & Recipes.pdf
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Sri Lanka Cooking.pdf
Taste 07 2011.pdf
Taste of Tofu.pdf
Thai Recipes and Information.pdf
Thai Recipes incl Panang Curry Paste.pdf
The 1918 Fanny Farmer Cookbook.pdf
The Art and Practice of Sausage Making.pdf
The Art And Science Of Cooking With Cannabis.pdf
The Belgian Cookbook.pdf
The Bread Baker Bible.pdf
The Cookin' Cajun.pdf
The Enlightened Kitchen.pdf
The Essential Guide To Baking.pdf
The Essential Seafood.pdf
The Geezer Cookbook.pdf
The Greek Kitchen.pdf
The Grill Master.pdf
The Gus Saunders Boston Kitchen Cookbook Vol.X.pdf
The Jerky Chef.pdf
The New American Plate - Comfort Foods.pdf
The New American Plate - For Breakfast.pdf
The New American Plate - Meals for a Healthy Weigh.pdf
The New American Plate - One-Pot Meals.pdf
The New American Plate - Veggies.pdf
The Oktoberfest Cookbook.pdf
The Pacific Islands Cookbook.pdf
The Salsa Book.pdf
The U.S. History Cookbook.pdf
The Versatile Egg.pdf
The Very Best Of Emeril.pdf
Top 200 Recipes.pdf
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Treasures of Hungarian Cooking.pdf
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What's Going On at Reasonable Faith?
Reasonable Faith is expanding! We discuss Dr. Craig's newest books, research, travel, and another meetup with Lawrence Krauss in Australia!
Transcript What's Going On at Reasonable Faith?
Kevin Harris: Great to have you here on Reasonable Faith. I'm Kevin Harris with Dr. William Lane Craig. Bill, there is so much going on at Reasonable Faith, we are going to have to talk at the speed of sound; we are going to have to defy physics just to get it all in. Let's start with the very youngest and talk about the Bear and Goose series which is actually doing quite well.
Dr. Craig: Yes, we are so thrilled with the reception to this series of booklets on What is God Like? for children on the attributes of God. The ten booklet series is almost complete now. The ninth booklet will come out very soon and then Marli, the artist, has already drawn the illustrations for the tenth and final booklet. She is so talented and it has been just a joy to work with Marli. So this series is about to be completed. Then there will be all ten booklets.
The reaction of children to these booklets is just hilarious sometimes. One fellow sent in a video to the Facebook page of his son being read the booklet on God Is All Powerful – the booklet on divine omnipotence. And the little boy started to cry when the father wouldn't read it to him for a second time before putting him to bed. It wasn't enough to hear the story once, he wanted it a second time. Another mother wrote in and described the reaction of her child to the booklet on divine omnipotence. She said the day after reading the booklet, her child said to her, "Mommy, God can't make a square circle because then it wouldn't be a circle!" And I thought, wow, this little child gets the paradoxes of omnipotence.
When I wrote that booklet I thought, "Is this going to be too much for them talking about things God can't do because they are logical impossibilities?" But honestly, Kevin, we underestimate these little kids. They really do get it. And over and over again we are hearing from parents about how much children love these booklets and about conversations with their children that they've never had before on these deep issues that arise as a result of reading these booklets.
Kevin Harris: I am going to tell people who are advanced in philosophy and apologetics to get this too and add it to your William Lane Craig library – put it right there next to Time and Eternity.
Dr. Craig: This is the little secret that my wife Jan tells me – it is really the adults that are learning about the attributes of God by reading these booklets.
Kevin Harris: Even if kids don't express it, this is going on in their heads. It is amazing when they do express it, like this little boy did. We've also added a new addition on staff at Reasonable Faith. Boy, that just shows we are growing. Let's talk about Lee.
Dr. Craig: Yes. What you mentioned, Kevin, about how Reasonable Faith has got so many tentacles out there, so many different facets of the ministry, that it is hard to keep track of everything that's going on. It is sort of like herding cats, to change the metaphor. So Beau Bishop and Chris Shannon, who have been our co-directors of the ministry, came to me last year and said, "We have got to hire a full-time executive director for this ministry." This was a big step because up to now we've only had just part-time people working for us. The idea of taking on a full-time employee was a big step. I am not even employed by Reasonable Faith. I receive no income or salary from Reasonable Faith. So on Beau and Chris' advice, we put out the need for the job and began to receive resumes. The person we've hired is Lee Koz from Buffalo, New York. Lee and Cathryn are just terrific people and seem to be ideally suited for the job. He is a systems manager who has many years in industry and manages people – manages systems. So it is wonderful to have somebody at the top of the pyramid who is supervising and keeping track of everything that is going on below.
Kevin Harris: You've got also some traveling coming up. Let's talk about some of the travel you did. You were in Canada.
Dr. Craig: Yes, I had a very long ten-day trip in Canada that took me to both the Vancouver area and then also to Calgary where I did two large apologetics conferences.[1] The thing that struck me about these, Kevin, was the attendance. Each one had over a thousand people in attendance. It is very clear that these conferences are meeting a deep felt need on the part of Christian laity today. They want to be equipped to defend their faith. They are coming out to these apologetics conferences which are being sponsored by relatively neophyte organizations. Young ministries that have not got the sort of clout you would think to bring in these sorts of crowds. But I think it is indicative of the need that is felt, and especially, Kevin, among young men. It is remarkable to see the number of men that come to these conferences. It has reinforced my thinking that if the contemporary evangelical church in this country or in North America wants to reach men, I think apologetics is really the ticket because it appeals to that rational side of the personality that men resonate with. It is very clear that to reach men we ought not to be simply putting on barbeques and sports programs and appealing to jocks. We need to appeal to the thinking side of men as well. They really, really respond to it. That is one of the things that I did in Canada as well as speaking at a number of Canadian universities and had very large crowds for those as well. The Q&As were excellent. You could see there were lots of non-believers in the audience as was evident from the questions that were posed. So those were very good outreaches, I think.
Kevin Harris: You made a brief appearance on CNN. Bill, it has gotten so many hits on YouTube. It was just very brief. That was a couple of months ago.
Dr. Craig: Right. It was a little thing where they were interviewing me and, unbeknownst to me – they didn't tell me this in advance, they had some YouTube atheist on with me, whom I have never heard of before. So this YouTube video has now received over a hundred and forty-nine thousand views. This is just astonishing to me that people would see this sort of thing. But it emphasizes again, I think, the importance of getting into the media and then also getting these videos up on YouTube. This is one of the things we are focusing more on now – getting our YouTube channels populated with lots of these videos from debates, speaking engagements, question times, and so forth.
Kevin Harris: Bill, I want to encourage our listeners again to write to the producers of the major networks and get your name out there. Because when they see this buzz, when they see that there is a person who is coming to the forefront that there is a lot of people talking about in response to various stories and things in culture, that will get their attention. We will see Reasonable Faith and you, yourself, on some of the major network outlets again. So often, whenever they have Richard Dawkins on or an atheist or someone like this, they will get someone who is usually a real fire-breathing fundamentalist in order to create clash and make it entertaining. That doesn't bode well.
Dr. Craig: Not for us, anyway.
Kevin Harris: It really doesn't. Maybe they would get the clue and say, "We don't need to just do that. Let's get two minds here. Let's get the representative of both." But, again, they've got to pick up on the buzz.
Dr. Craig: Right. People like Dawkins say they want to have a conversation. Unfortunately, that conversation is not usually with an intelligent representative from the evangelical side.
Kevin Harris: That brings us back to YouTube. There really has been a renovation of YouTube videos.
Dr. Craig: Yes. You know we were given the drcraigvideos YouTube channel by the person who ran it before. It was shut down then for a while because of some things that he had done but it has now been cleansed. It has been cleaned up, renovated, so we are back really attempting to push hard with our two YouTube channels in getting this material out to viewers.
Kevin Harris: Social media is also very important. I think that we have a team here that is really on the cutting edge of what is going on in social media. It is not only YouTube but Facebook and everything else.
Dr. Craig: Yes. We have a fellow in charge of this named Michael Lepien who has come on board as another new person that is working part-time with us. He is very skilled in social media. He has been running the Reasonable Faith Facebook page, for example. He is just constantly putting new material up there and attempting to grow the fanbase for the Facebook page.[2] So that is another area where we are also attempting to expand and reach out to the younger generation.
Kevin Harris: We are just a few days away from a cruise.
Dr. Craig: Yes, it is going to be fabulous, Lord willing. Two years ago we took a group to Israel with Reasonable Faith. This year we decided to do something that would be more in the footsteps of Paul. So we are doing a Mediterranean cruise. 123 people are signed up for this from all around the world. There is a large contingent coming from Australia, for example. We'll be visiting cities like Athens and Ephesus and Rome as well as Istanbul which is ancient Constantinople, which was once the capital city of Christianity before it fell to Islam. I'll be lecturing on the roots of Christian civilization that are connected with these major cities that we will visit. As well as doing some Q&A time on issues in Christian apologetics. So it is a very educational sort of vacation. It is a fun time. It should be fabulous, I think. But it is much, much more than that. It is very educational and I think inspiration for those who are privileged to come on this.
Kevin Harris: A couple of conferences coming up – one in July. I want to invite people to go to ReasonableFaith.org, click on the Calendar and see some of the things that are going on.
Dr. Craig: That's right. I think many folks are not aware that there is a calendar on the site from the questions we get about "Where will you be speaking?" This is on the calendar. The one you are talking about is at Xenos Christian Fellowship – that is X-E-N-O-S. It is in Ohio and promises to be a very large conference. I think around 3,000 people or so. I'll be giving a couple of talks at that in July.
Kevin Harris: Australia in August.
Dr. Craig: Right. Australia is one of the top visiting countries to our website. Being an English speaking country and a very secular country, Christians there have rallied to the Reasonable Faith site to become equipped to defend the faith. Folks have been wanting to have a return trip to Australia now for several years. It is finally in the works for this August. Jan and I will be there for about three weeks. Whereas the last time I was entirely in Sydney, this time we will be in several Australian cities. We will be having outreaches in Sydney, but also in Brisbane, in Melbourne, and in Adelaide. It will be a combination of university speaking, conferences on apologetics, as well as dialogues or debates for reaching out to non-believing audiences.
Kevin Harris: Krauss will be there?
Dr. Craig: Right. Lawrence Krauss is going to be in Australia at the same time. So the organizers of this tour have actually arranged three separate dialogues between me and Lawrence Krauss in separate cities. I think we will be in Brisbane, Melbourne, and Sydney together. The plans are in the works now to do a different topic at each one of these engagements so it is not just a repeat. Maybe in one we will talk about "Has science eliminated the need for God?" Maybe in another one we'll talk about "Does God exist?" Something of that sort. Krauss and I will be in dialogue on these questions in Australia in August.
Kevin Harris: On top of all this, Bill, your scholarly work continues. How do you have time?
Dr. Craig: Yes, I continue to plug away at my work on God and abstract objects. That has been just a great source of joy for me especially interacting with other scholars. When I was at Texas A&M doing the Veritas Forum recently this spring, for example, the philosophy department at A&M invited me to speak in their colloquium and to present a paper. So I did so on God and abstract objects. It was very bracing to be able to interact with the professional colleagues in the department at A&M on this subject of "Do abstract objects like numbers and propositions and properties exist?" I am also writing on this subject for a book that Paul Gould is editing called "God and Abstract Objects"[3] where I, along with Paul, Graham Oppy, Keith Yandell, Scott Shalkowski, and Greg Welty, will all be contributing chapters from a different perspective on the subject of God and abstract objects. Then interacting with each other – we each write a response to the others – then we finally have a counter-response to our colleagues. I've just finished that counter-response and am about to send that in to Paul for the final text of the book.[4]
Kevin Harris: I want people to understand that it is philosophical issues like this that weigh very heavily on theology – on the Christian faith – just like time and eternity, God and his relationship to time. So many issues there for years have needed to be clarified that you've worked on.
Dr. Craig: Yes. That is absolutely correct, Kevin. I am sure to some laypeople these topics that I work on sound so abstract . . .
Kevin Harris: No pun intended!
Dr. Craig: . . . and irrelevant, far removed from everyday life. Yet, Kevin, I am amazed – again and again when I speak on university campuses in the Q&A time afterward these issues come up. Sometimes the questioner doesn't even realize that his question may hinge upon, for example, God's relationship to time. Then we go into that question and expose the deeper issue that underlies the question that is being posed. So you are absolutely right, Kevin, in saying that these philosophical issues that seem so far removed from everyday life are actually very foundational for our everyday Christian faith.[5]
[1] 5:04
[2] 10:08
[3] The book title is actually Beyond the Control of God?: Six Views on The Problem of God and Abstract Objects.
[4] 15:25
[5] Total Running Time: 17:11 (Copyright © 2013 William Lane Craig)


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Wishing My Husband Would See A DoctorI have been with my husband over 10 years. Feels like a constant roller coaster and I feel as if I'm always walking on egg shells. He has never been diagnosed with BP because he refuses to go to a doctor but has admitted that he may need some meds. I have noticed some of his triggers, one being if he tells me to do something and for some reason I don't do it fast enough or at all for some reason, then he will flip. Things as simple as not turning on the radio fast enough he kicked over the barbeque pit after we just put charcoal in it. Some episodes are drastic some are mild but they are very often. He also has been out of work and going through depression. It weighs heavy on my shoulders as well since I'm trying to pay what bills we have with little salary and remodel a home because due to money circumstances we are living with my parents (for last 6 months), which isn't easy in itself. The mood swings are getting worse, and I tend to catch myself saying to him regularly " it's not that serious" or "why are you yelling" when he goes overboard over what I feel is something petty or little. Over the years I've seen him do real well at jobs because he is smart and a hard worker but have heard from other people that his moods or attitude has caused problems. Most everyone we know believes he's bipolar but the only one he really cares what thinks besides hisself is his mother, and she definetly doesn't believe her son has the disease. She tends to take his side on everything, no matter what it is. I know most mothers do that but I feel she just enables the behavior and I could really use her encouragement for him to seek help.Most family and friends have seen him go from laughing to manic anger right before their eyes. He also has his really highs, laughing, makes random noises sometimes, goofy, feels invincible and will be really focused on projects. His confidence can go from 10 to 0 in no time..which is happening alot with the out of work business. He also can be pretty harsh to me and it effects my self esteem.Makes me feel I do nothing right most the time. I feel like I'm at a loss. I need advice on how to be able to cope with the mood swings. I love him but the yelling and talking down to me or being down right hateful or disrespectful hurts. Im trying to understand how to either understand the episodes and be able to get thru them or somehow talk him into seeing a doctor..
Oh my god, im going through the exact same thing. Ive been married for 7 years and we had a baby 9 months ago. He got worse. He trie to self medicate with alcohol and drugs. It makes him crazier. He has also beat me in the past. He went to jail acouple of times and the physical abuse stopped cause he was afraid of going back but now the verbal abuse has escalated. He thinks he is invincible and he doesnt sleep well. He hardly eats and he neglects the baby. Ive become ill myself. Im in a deep depression. I finally kicked him out cause he braught drugs home on new years eve. We are apart now but he still calls me and tries to break me down with all my faults. I do sleep better now without him here but its almost bittersweet cause i still love him. His mother is such an enabler. She sees no wrong in him but she has also been diagnosed with bp and she doesnt take meds. His brother has been diagnosed with full on skitzophrenia. Now im afraid for my daughter. Its genetic. I am trying to rebuild my life now but im certain he wont let it happen without a fight. Good luck to you. Youre in for the ride of your life.


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JEFFREY BROWN: And finally tonight: another major piece of legislation attached to the health care bill that may also be voted on Sunday. This one would make the federal government the main player for getting student loans.
For decades, private lenders have provided most of the nation's student loans, with a guarantee by the federal government, which bore the risk of default. President Obama has argued that these banks and other financial institutions have become expensive middlemen, draining valuable funds away from education programs.
He made the case for change in his State of the Union address.
U.S. PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA: To make college more affordable, this bill will finally end the unwarranted taxpayer subsidies that go to banks for student loans. Instead, let's take that money and give families a $10,000 tax credit for four years of college and increase Pell Grants.
JEFFREY BROWN: In the bill's latest form, the government would make loans directly to students. Private institutions could service, but no longer originate, those loans.
The Congressional Budget Office estimates savings of $61 billion over the next decade. Thirty-six billion of that would go to the popular Pell Grant program, and Pell Grants to individuals would be raised by $425, to $5,975, by the year 2017.
More than $4 billion in savings would go to community colleges and to historically black colleges and other institutions that serve minorities. The rest, close to $20 billion, would be used for non-education purposes, offsetting health care reform expenses and reducing the federal deficit. The measure's fortunes are now linked to those of the health care bill this weekend.
And we get two views of this now from Jason Delisle, director of the Federal Education Budget Project at the New America Foundation, and, from, Tampa, Renee Mang, senior vice president for Sallie Mae, the country's leading private student lender. She oversees the company's loan origination and servicing operations.
Jason Delisle, starting with you, who — who would benefit from this, and how?
JASON DELISLE, federal education budget project director, New America Foundation: Well, I think the main beneficiaries of the change are students from low-income families who are going to receive larger Pell Grants under this piece of pending legislation.
The — as was mentioned at the beginning of the segment, the increase will be fairly significant. It is — it is an expensive program. But the Pell Grant would approach $6,000 in several years. And there would also be an immediate infusion of cash into the program to shore up the more immediate grants that are coming in the next year or two.
JEFFREY BROWN: Renee Mang, what — what — what — well, how do you this, see making this switch? What would be wrong with cutting out the middleman and making the loan directly from the government right to the students?
RENEE MANG, senior vice president, Sallie Mae: Well, there's a number of things that's really wrong with that. And thank you for allowing me the opportunity to come on your show.
First of all, I wanted to be clear that Sallie Mae has supported student loan reform now for quite some time. However, we believe that it can be achieved without significant job loss, which is the current path that we are heading down.
I'm here today to represent the 700 employees in Panama City specifically who will — whose jobs are at risk, because the jobs that we do in Panama City are the exact jobs that the federal government plans to take over in direct lending.
In addition to that, on behalf of all the Sallie Mae employees, which are 8,500 employees at Sallie Mae, and employees across the entire country, there will be a significant impact if this legislation passes.
JEFFREY BROWN: Well, let's start with the jobs issue. You are talking about the employees that would be hit by direct lending. But part of this would keep you in the process, right, because you would be involved with processing loans?
RENEE MANG: We wouldn't be doing the loan originations. We would be — we are one of four Department of Education servicers. So, we would certainly service the loans post-disbursement, after direct lending.
But, frankly, again, we are one of four. And so there's just not significant enough volume there to prevent job losses at Sallie Mae, or, for that matter, other companies across the country.
JEFFREY BROWN: Jason Delisle, you want to jump in? What about the job loss potential here?
JASON DELISLE: Well, I always say on this — on this particular point that the student loan program has one singular purpose, and that is to make sure students get favorable loans at low-interest rates, with flexible repayment terms, to attend colleges all across the country. That's the only goal.
And I think taxpayers want Congress to run the program at the lowest cost possible, which means with as few employees as possible. So, I think that the jobs argument is sort of a secondary issue here.
JEFFREY BROWN: Jason, one of the criticisms I have heard that's certainly out there is, government shouldn't be taking this on at all. It's — government is not very good at this. It's a program that, with all its flaws, has gotten loans to millions of people in the past.
JASON DELISLE: Yes, and I have heard that argument a lot. And I think it's — it's very misleading.
You have to remember that there's — the loan terms issued to the borrower are identical under both loan programs, all right? So, you have — on the one hand, you have Sallie Mae making loans to students. But the terms are set by the government.
On the other hand, you have the direct loan program making loans to students at the exact same terms. So, you have one federal program. And I think claiming that the federal government is taking over its own program doesn't make sense. Sallie Mae runs the federal program.
RENEE MANG: Yes, and…
JEFFREY BROWN: Go ahead. Go ahead, Ms. Mang.
RENEE MANG: Yes, and if you would allow me to jump in here, the direct loan program is not a new program. It started in 1993. And, frankly, students and schools and parents have voted for the last 17 years, and they have chosen the private sector 75 percent of the time.
I have been in this business for 32 years. And I have talked to thousands, probably hundreds of thousands, of parents and students over the years. And I certainly talk to schools every single day. And they want choice. And they want to choose who they want to do business with.
I mean, literally, we have thousands of students who have applied for loans at Sallie Mae that are being denied the right today to take those loans because the schools are being forced to go to the direct lending program.
JEFFREY BROWN: But isn't it…
RENEE MANG: So, if it is not a government takeover — if it is not a government takeover, why would we need legislation to change it?
JEFFREY BROWN: All right, go ahead, Jason Delisle.
JASON DELISLE: Well, it's an important point.
She mentioned that, you know, students are choosing private lenders to disburse their loans, but she also mentioned that schools are choosing. Under current law, under the current program, no student has a choice of which loan program they want to use. The school chooses which loan program they will use, whether they be direct loans or guaranteed loans disbursed by Sallie Mae.
So, students are stuck with whichever program their school has chosen for them. So, it's not the case of consumers voting with their feet and choosing one program over the other. This is an administrative decision that's being made at the financial aid office on which program they prefer. So, it's not an issue of consumer choice.
RENEE MANG: Well, I disagree — I disagree — yes, I disagree with that, because we have many schools, of course…
JEFFREY BROWN: Go ahead.
JASON DELISLE: Do you know of any student…
RENEE MANG: … that have preferred-lender lists, but there are many students who want to do business with Sallie Mae and, frankly, other lenders that are being denied that right today.
JEFFREY BROWN: Let me touch on one other issue here, which is what to do with the savings. A lot of it, as I said, in that introduction would go to Pell Grants. But some of it goes to non-education needs.
Jason Delisle, starting with you, is that — is that a good way to use the savings? A lot of it is going to health care and to deficit reduction.
JASON DELISLE: Yes. I have looked at the — the CBO, the Congressional Budget, cost estimate, and, to me, it looks like the education portion of the bill saves money, on net, every single year, except one.
So, it looks to me, in my interpretation of that analysis, that the health care bill is actually subsidizing a small piece of the education bill, and not the other way around.
JEFFREY BROWN: What do you see, Ms. Mang, in terms of the — in terms of the savings?
RENEE MANG: Yes, I guess I — I see it very differently.
I mean, what I saw in the law today, or the current legislation, was $9 billion would go toward health care. And, as you probably are well aware, Sallie Mae and other institutions have put forward a community proposal that has similar savings and delivers on what President Obama is asking for, but still provides choice for schools, for students, for parents, and preserves the jobs of the great people who do this work today.
JEFFREY BROWN: And maintains the…
RENEE MANG: And these folks who do this work…
JEFFREY BROWN: Excuse me.
RENEE MANG: Go ahead.
JEFFREY BROWN: No, no, I said, and would — but it would maintain the direct lending from private institutions, as opposed to the government?
RENEE MANG: I'm sorry?
JEFFREY BROWN: Your proposal that — the way you would prefer to do it would maintain the system as is in terms of the direct loans coming from financial institutions, and not the government?
RENEE MANG: That's exactly right. Mm-hmm.
JEFFREY BROWN: Do you think, Jason Delisle, because this has been put forward several times in the past, what are the prospects now?
JASON DELISLE: I think they're good.
I think Congress is in a tough spot. We have back-to-back trillion-dollar budget deficits, two years in a row. But there's a lot of need for a strong Pell Grant program to at least maintain the grant level currently and for future increases.
The best way to get that funding is to reduce subsidies or eliminate them altogether to lenders. The key point here, though, is that we're cutting spending in the student loan program, but every single student who is going to receive a loan last year will receive one next year.
That's the key point. That's the key point in this argument, is that these two loan programs disburse the exact same loan to students. So, students aren't being harmed in any way, shape or form here. And we're freeing up excess subsidies that's going to go to Pell Grants.
JEFFREY BROWN: All right. We will have to leave it there and see what happens this…
RENEE MANG: Yes.
JEFFREY BROWN: We have to leave it there — I'm sorry — and see what happens this weekend.
Jason Delisle, Renee Mang, thank you both very much.
JASON DELISLE: Thank you.
RENEE MANG: Thank you for…


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Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy
385 pages
April 2008
Table of Contents
2. Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy - Technical Advances (H.M. Heise).
3. Biomedical Applications of Infrared Microspectroscopy and Imaging by Various Means (David L. Wetzel).
4. Infrared Spectroscopy of Biofluids in Clinical Chemistry and Medical Diagnostics (R.A. Shaw, S. Low Ying, A. Man, C. Riley, M. Vijarnsorn, K.-Z. Liu, and C. Mansfield).
5. Raman spectroscopy of biofluids (Daniel Rohleder, and Wolfgang Petrich).
6. Vibrational Microspectroscopy of Cells and Tissues (
Melissa J. Romeo, Susie Boydston-White, Christian Matthäus, Milos Miljkovic, Benjamin Bird, Tatyana Chernenko and Max Diem).
7. Resonance Raman microspectroscopy and imaging of hemoproteins in single leukocytes (Henk-Jan van Manen, Cynthia Morin1, Dirk Roos, and Cees Otto).
8. Resonant Raman Scattering of Heme Molecules in Cells and in the Solid State (Bayden R. Wood and Don McNaughton).
9 Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) microscopy (Ondrej Burkacky and Andreas Zumbusch).
10. Surface-Enhanced Raman Sensors for Metabolic Analytes (Olga Lyandres, Nilam C. Shah, Chanda R. Yonzon, Xiaoyu Zhang, Matthew R. Glucksberg, Joseph T. Walsh, Richard P. Van Duyne).
11. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering for investigations of eukaryotic cells (Janina Kneipp, Harald Kneipp, Margaret McLaughlin, Dennis Brown and Katrin Kneipp).
12. Combining Optical Coherence Tomography and Raman Spectroscopy for Investigating Dental and Other Mineralized Tissues (Lin-P'ing Choo-Smith, Alex C.-T. Ko, Mark Hewko, Dan P. Popescu, Jeri Friesen and Michael G. Sowa).
13. Chapter on AFMIR photothermal technique and its applications (Alexandre Dazzi).
14. From Study Design to Data Analysis (Wolfgang Petrich).
15. Interpreting several types of measurements in bioscience (Achim Kohler, Mohamed Hanafi, Dominique Bertrand, Astrid Oust Janbu, Trond Moretro, Kristine Naterstad, El Mostafa Qannari, Harald Martens).
16. Classification of spectral data in biomedical spectroscopy and imaging (J. Schmitt, T. Udelhoven).
Author Information
PETER LASCH, PhD, is a Research Scientist with the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin, Germany, and a specialist in FTIR spectroscopy and its applications to the biomedical field.
JANINA KNEIPP, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Chemistry Department of Humboldt University, Berlin. Drs. Lasch and Kneipp have authored and coauthored numerous peer-reviewed articles in the field of biomedical infrared and Raman spectroscopy.
Buy Both and Save 25%!
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-and- Comprehensive Chiroptical Spectroscopy: Applications in Stereochemical Analysis of Synthetic Compounds, Natural Products, and Biomolecules, Volume 2 (US $247.00)
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Commercial Vehicle Group Announces President And CEO Retirement In 2013
NEW ALBANY, OH--March 1, 2013: Commercial Vehicle Group, Inc. announced today that its President and Chief Executive Officer, Mervin Dunn, will retire in 2013. Mr. Dunn will remain with CVG in his current capacities until his successor is named, at which time he will retire from employment with the Company and resign from the Board of Directors.
Mr. Dunn began his CVG career as the President of Trim Systems in 1999 and was appointed President and CEO in June 2002. During his tenure, he oversaw more than a dozen acquisitions, shepherded the evolution from Trim Systems to Commercial Vehicle Group, led CVG through its Initial Public Offering and guided the development and execution of a strategic plan that has resulted in organic growth, diversified end markets and an expanding global footprint.
Chairman of the Board, Richard A. Snell, praised Mr. Dunn for helping to position CVG as a world leader in the commercial vehicle parts market. "Merv leaves CVG with our appreciation for his many contributions during a period of tremendous change. Thanks to Merv's leadership, Commercial Vehicle Group is poised for a new period of growth and success."
Mr. Dunn said, "It is difficult to depart from something I have built over the last 13 years, and I have so many colleagues and friends at CVG that I will miss day to day. I am proud to have led the development of CVG into a leading global supplier with an international presence. I sincerely appreciate all of the efforts of each and every employee at CVG. I look forward to watching the Company continue to grow and prosper in the future."
The Board of Directors has initiated a search for a new CEO which will include internal candidates.


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Linebacker Ebele Okakpu loves to hit and play physical. He made the move to inside linebacker as a junior and quickly emerged in the state of Georgia. He helped lead Roswell to the State Champion...
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Published 7 months after Suspense 10
A character like the more familiar Phantom Stranger takes part in the background.
Satan acts in a superhero role. His main reason may be because he has a debt to settle with the antagonist, so his motives are not altruistic, but he uses powers to do good in the end.
Publisher: Continental Magazines at St. Louis Missouri October 1, 1944
Editor listed as none
F. Z. Temerson President 220 West 42nd Street, NY NY
R. R. Hermann Managing Editor
Owners: R.R. Hermann, Esther Temerson
R.R. Hermann, notary public


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- Accommodations: Selected (4 star inns, farms and manor houses)
- Walking Activity Level: Sporty (Daily average: distance 15-20km/9-12mi)
- Biking Activity Level: Easy (Daily average: distance 10-30km).
Spend 5 days and 4 nights in our selected lodgings in unique places. At a very accessible price we offer you carefully chosen accommodations and the necessary support to decide the best way to use your time. Walking or cycling, alone or guided, with friends or in family, doing sports or cultural and gastronomic activities, plan your holidays in total freedom, taking advantage of the full range of options at your disposal. We will be always with you with our 24 hr support line.
The South West Alentejo and Vicentine Coast Natural Park is the finest preserved stretch of European coastline, covering over 100 km (62mi), from Porto Covo in Alentejo, to Burgau in Algarve. The Park includes various unique species of animal and plant life, and is visited by many zoologists and botanists from all parts of the world.
The landscape is marked by steep cliffs, represented in the Park's logo, that have been shape with various forms and colouring by centuries of erosion. Many bird species can be seen such as the rare fishing eagles. The rarest specie is the white stork, given that this is the only place in the world where they build their nests in the seashore cliffs. Another rarity is the otter, since this is the only place in Portugal and one of the last places in Europe where it is possible to find otters in a marine habitat.
The beaches are highly popular among surfers, and are the finest in the country. There is a tremendous variety of beaches, including long stretches of sand and small beaches nestled between the cliffs and rocks. The long list includes beaches such as Porto Covo, Malhão, Vila Nova de Milfontes, Almograve, Monte Clérigo, Arrifana and Praia do Amado. Their beauty will amaze you.
Tour Itinerary:
Day 1: Arrive to Faro. Transfer to Aldeia da Pedralva (optional). Lodging: Aldeia da Pedralva.
Day 2: Walking or Biking - Ocean trail in Carrapateira (19km/ 11,8mi | 6h (wlk)/ 2h (bk)). Transfer to Carrapateira beach. Today we have a unique offer for you, a mix of hills and beaches, with a variety of fauna and flora. The trail starts in the dunes of Carrapateira beach, then goes along the coastal plateau all the way to Amado beach, where you can see a large number of Seabirds that nest, or that pass through here during migration, and a large number of white stork nests in the rocky cliffs, something unique in the world. From Praia do Amado, the trail continues towards the interior, and the landscape begins to change. Gradually species such as mastic trees, the white-leaved rockrose, the sage-leaf rockrose and cork-oaks begin to appear. Lodging: Aldeia da Pedralva.
Day 3: Walking - Trail of Aromas (14 km/8,7 mi, 4h30). The trail starts at Ribeira da Bordeira, near the village of Bordeira. You walk through a wooded area, with eucalyptus, stone pines and some cork-oaks. The fauna is varied: here can be found the typical species of Mediterranean scrubland – wild boar, Iberian hare, European rabbit, great tit, common quail, red-legged partridge, common buzzard or the mongoose among others. After the Ribeira do Tacual you enter a valley, the landscape changes and you come across areas of olive trees and wild junipers.
On the way back to the starting point of the trail and as you pass through Bordalete, you will see a wide variety of plants which, as throughout the walk, do full justice to the name of this trail (Aromas trail). Mountain biking - Around Aldeia da Pedralva there are many great trails for mountain biking. You can choose the level you want and with a GPS you can do it at your own pace and enjoy the beautiful scenery's that these trails offer us. Lodging: Aldeia da Pedralva.
Day 4: Walking - Cabo de São Vicente Trail (17,5 km; 6 h). Transfer to the starting point. The trail that will lead you to the coast starts in an area of pine trees (maritime and stone pine) and scrubby vegetations mainly consisting of mastic trees, citus, strawberry trees. Then you will go uphill until you reach Torre D´Aspa (109 m) where you'll have a great view of the beach cliffs. Then you will roam south to Saint Vicente cape, the most southwestern point of the European continent, a sacred place for Romans that named it Promontorium Sacrum. This is a privileged spot for bird watching during the autumn.
Mountain biking - Aldeia da Pedralva - Sagres (22 km; 2 h). Today you can take a different mountain bike trail in the area or you can take your bike to Sagres. At Ponta de Sagres, over a giant finger of rock pointing to the ocean, you can visit the fortress founded by Henry the Navigator on the XV century. Nearby is Saint Vincent cape with its emblematic lighthouse. After the bike ride you can have an optional van transfer back to Aldeia da Pedralva. Lodging: Aldeia da Pedralva.
Day 5: Faro. Transfer to the airport in Faro (optional).
Price Includes:
Also see tour packages in:
Europe Portugal Outdoor: Land Rambler Multi-activity Birdwatching


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Quyen D. Chu
Quyen Chu is the Sklar Endowed Professor of Surgery, Chief of Surgical Oncology, Director of Peritoneal Surface Malignancies Program, and Associate Professor of Surgery at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport. His interests include the management of complex solid tumors, development of novel virotherapy to treat patients with advanced solid malignancies, and surgical volunteerism in developing nations.
Biography Updated on 27 December 2010


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Home · Resources · Search · Textbook Map · NHLBI Home
Guidelines on Overweight and Obesity: Electronic Textbook
Rationale: The effects of pharmacological therapy on weight loss and subsequent changes in total serum cholesterol levels were evaluated by examining eight RCTs (386, 390-393, 395, 407, 408) (Table III-3). The four trials of dexfenfluramine showed no consistent effects on total cholesterol; three trials showed decreases in triglycerides ranging from 14 to 40 percent and two trials showed increases in HDL-cholesterol of 8 percent in women to 27 percent in men. One trial of phentermine plus fenfluramine showed a 24 percent decrease in triglycerides and a slight change in HDL-cholesterol (395). The trial of orlistat showed a decrease in total cholesterol and an increase in triglycerides, while the trial of fluoxetine showed the opposite (407, 408). Other RCTs using orlistat have shown a modest improvement in lipids with weight loss (388).
In a combined summary of data presented at the FDA Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee Meeting (held in Bethesda, Maryland, in September 1996), use of sibutramine, which resulted in a greater net weight loss of 2.4 kg (5.3 lb) at 4 months, also resulted in modestly lower levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides, along with slightly higher HDL-cholesterol levels, compared to placebos (389).
TC=Total Cholesterol TG=Triglycerides BMI=Body Mass Index


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Cam Ranh Bay is a deep-water bay in Vietnam located in the province of Khánh Hòa. It is located at an inlet of South China Sea situated on the southeastern coast of Vietnam, between Phan Rang and Nha Trang, approximately 290 kilometers / 180 miles northeast of Hồ Chí Minh City / Saigon. With a total water area of 98 square kilometers (9,800 hectares) and the deep water (the depth of water is between 16 meters and 25 meters, and the deepest is 32 meters), Cam Ranh Bay is a natural military harbors. Ships of one thousand tons can go freely through this harbor. Besides, about 40 large ships including aircraft carrier or more than 100 ships below four thousand tons can anchor in Cam Ranh Bay simultaneously. Cam Ranh Bay is about 32 kilometers (about 1,988 miles) long from north to south and 16 kilometers (about 9.94 miles) wide from east to west. It is surrounded by the land in the north and south and the water in Cam Ranh Bay is deep enough to anchor aircraft carrier. Thus, Cam Ranh Bay is regarded as on of the best deepwater ports in the world. Besides, Cam Ranh Bay is situated on the important waterway which connects the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. Thus, it has great strategic value.
The bay goes deep into the inland for 17 kilometers (about 10.56 miles), in the shape of a calabash surrounded by two peninsulas, including Cam Ranh Peninsula and Chong Shanh Kong Peninsula. It is divided into the external port and the internal pot. The internal one is called Cam Ranh Port, which covers an area of about 60 square kilometers (6,000 hectares). Surrounded by some small hills, the entrance to the internal port is quite small (about 1.3 kilometers, or 0.80 mile wide). The military port and the base are all situated in Cam Ranh Town. The Wei Ba on the west bank is a port used for both military and commercial use. The external port is called Ping Ba with the depth of water ranging from 10 meters to 20 meters. At the entrance to this port, there are some islands such as Ping Ba and Hun Zu as guard. The entrance to the port is quite broad (about 4 kilometers or 2.49 miles), and the landform outside the entrance is steep. Thus, it is quite easy to anchor ships and place troops on garrison duty there.
Information accuracy:
We try to make the information on China Travel accurate when we write/edit it. If you find any outdated information, please inform us.


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Brown's hand-written effort at making amends may have had a personal touch, but it failed to hit the mark in more ways than one. Firstly, his note of regret left the Tories wanting more, in particular the use of the words sorry, or apology. Then, there was that scrawl - in his trademark thick black marker pen, used because of his poor eyesight.
One recipient, the Tory MP Nadine Dorries, who was the victim of false allegations about her private life, complained that parts of the prime minister's letter were simply unreadable. Dorries rejected suggestions that Brown was unaware of McBride's activities. "A boss is responsible for the actions of his employees," she said.


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Posted: Thursday, April 20, 2017 3:48 PM
Call me Shantelle, today is my first day on BP! and my 1st day in the industry! Come try my sweet fresh skin. COME ENJOY MY HOT SEXY BODY. COME LET ME WRAP MY LONG LEGS AROUND YOU. COME ENJOY MY 38DD TITS. 6479229964
• Location: City of Toronto, Jane /401, Toronto
• Post ID: 67814133 toronto