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What Are The Options in Natural Relief for Back Pain?
Many folks these days suffer from back pain, sometimes on a constant basis. If your back only hurts every so often, over the counter painkillers are OK to take. For those who have ongoing pain in their back, though, it isn't a good plan to treat this issue with the use of ongoing medication. The good news is, there are other alternatives to relieving back pain that are completely natural. Some of these approaches to natural back pain relief are rooted in alternative medicine. Oftentimes those who suffer from back pain will get satisfactory results from these natural treatments.
The ancient practices of acupuncture and acupressure are two methods that can diminish pain in the muscles of the back by targeting specific trigger points on the body. Either of these procedures has a demonstrated ability to diminish back pain that is persistent. With acupressure, pressure is applied to a specific point on the anatomy that is related to the back in order to lessen the pain. The practice of acupuncture requires sticking very thin needles into the body; these needles are specifically created for this process. Based on traditional Chinese medicine, the placement of the needles is created to alleviate pain in specific parts of the body.
Using these treatments, you'll likely need to undergo a few sessions in order to get your ongoing back pain under control. You will likely see an improvement with just one session. But if you are searching for real and lasting results then it's important to schedule your treatments at least once each week.
These aren't the only options in terms of natural pain relief for backaches. Many herbs and botanical products have significant healing power. Several of these remedies also lessen pain and diminish symptoms of discomfort. And some of them can diminish the swelling and inflammation in your back which may be the cause of your condition. The healing ability of these products is equally helpful for pain in other areas of the body apart from your back.
Capsicum patches are another natural pain relieving remedy. You just stick the patch on the area that is in pain and it will release natural pain killers into the impacted region. These patches are not only great, they also work just as well even if you get them wet, and you can even leave them on for several days at a time.
It is really not that difficult to get relief for back pain that is totally natural. If you decide against taking constant medication to keep your pain at bay, you'll be relieved to know that there are a ton of other available alternatives that are both safe and effective in managing your pain. But before you utilize any of these treatments, ask your health care provider if it's okay first.


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Hackers Steal Anthem Health Insurance Records Due to Lack of Encryption
When you have a database that has information for over 80 million clients, it gets really hard to keep the data safe at the same time when you also want to make it accessible for those that the data is meant to be for.
Health insurance company Anthem is one such example where the heaps of customer information were not encrypted. This resulted in a cyber attack where information on millions of their customers was stolen by hackers.
According to an inside informer, it was really the matter of making the data useful that the company didn't scramble the data. In other words, while it would have made it useless for the hackers who stole the data, it would have also made it hard for the employees and government agencies to make good use of it when needed.
While the chief executive officer of Anthem, Joseph Swedish says that he is with the concerned and the frustrated, he didn't say how much damage has already been done due to the data theft:
We join you in your concern and frustration. I assure you that we are working around the clock to do everything we can to further secure your data.
A spokesperson for Anthem, Kristin Binns explained how the company incorporates encryption in their system – and apparently, that is where the flaw lies in all this.
According to Binns, they are require to "maintain a member's Social Security number in [their] systems so that their systems can uniquely identify their members." However, the data that they have stored with them is only encrypted when it is supposed to be moved out of their system.
This means that when the data is residing on their system, it is not encrypted.
We use other measures, including elevated user credentials, to limit access to the data when it is residing in a database.
Not encrypting the data might have been a norm in the industry, according to the company, but there are states in the US where it is enforced by law. For instance, New Jersey where all health insurers are bound by law to encrypt client information.
Good for Anthem that they are not doing business there or they would be facing serious charges.
Some of the investigators are suggesting that the attack might have been led by a group of Chinese hackers although Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei says the allegations are "groundless."
Investigators seem to have found tools and malware that Chinese hacker groups use – do you think they might have had something to do with the attack?
Being the Managing Editor of TechFrag, Sarmad splits his time between keeping up with latest news, technology, gaming and other awesome things like unearthing the merits of staying up at night and Californication!

subset: commoncrawl


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Reviews of the Best Lawn Tools for Your Lawn There are many people out there that really love staying in their lawns for picnics or for other things but if your lawn is really messy and dirty, you can not really enjoy it that much; you should really look for ways to make your lawn look better so that you can really spend more time there. If you are a gardener yourself or if you are someone who loves to deal with lawns and outdoor spaces, you probably have some lawn tools already. You probably already have so me garden or lawn tools if you have a big backyard but these may not be enough to really keep your garden clean. Today, we are going to look at some of the top lawn tools you can get in order to really keep your lawns and your gardens clean, green and very beautiful so if you are a gardener or if you are someone who loves doing lawn work, this is just for you. One of the few things that you will really need when you have a big lawn is a good lawn mower that can cut your grass. It is never fun to have a lawn that is not kept well because the grass will be so overgrown that you can not anymore stay in your lawn for picnics or for some down time. You should really consider getting a lawn mower because these lawn mowers can really help you to keep your lawn clean and you will really benefit a lot from a lawn mower. Lawn mowers are actually really beneficial to have because they can really save you so much of your time and your energy. If you have ever tried to cut your lawn manually, you may have not even finished because it was too tiring and too hard; if you have a lawn mower, you can easily cut up everything in just one go without having to spend so much energy and time. This is just one tool that you should really get for your lawn because it is really helpful and very beneficial indeed. Lawn brooms and rakes are another thing that you will really need in order to keep your lawns clean and beautiful. There are so many kinds of brooms for the lawn as well as rakes that can really clean out your lawn pretty well. Fall is a season where lots of leaves are going to be falling all around and you can really still keep your garden or your lawn clean with a good and handy lawn broom or lawn rake so you should really invest in one of these. When you need a good lawn tool, just think about what this article told you about and you can really get the best lawn tools; there are more if you do more research.News For This Month: Equipment
If You Read One Article About Reviews, Read This One


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One of the things I miss most about London was the relative ease with which we could visit Europe. When we lived there I think I could foresee this woe, so I took advantage of our proximity to Paris and booked us a weekend on the fly. It seems absolutely insane when I think back on it. A weekend in Paris. How romantic! It all sort of feels like a crazy dream.
We took the Eurostar over to France because it's the best option from London in my opinion. If you can find a good deal, you can be in Paris in two hours with no hassle. It's really amazing.
So that's what we did. We took the train, found our cute hotel, and got out into the city. This was Chris' second and my third time in Paris, so we didn't have a huge checklist of things to do. We just wanted to wander about, which in my opinion is the best way to see Paris. (See my article: Paris Á la Carte)
It was February, and the only thing I really wanted to do was go to the Musee D'Orsay, but because it's Paris there were huge queues even in off season. So we shrugged that off and found something else to occupy our time. Also this trip, we managed to get me to the top of the Eiffel Tower, which was years in the making. I had a major fear of heights on our first trip to Paris in 2010, and absolutely would not go up to save my life. This time around, after some therapy, I had decided to go for it. And apparently I felt extra brave that day because we also decided to hike the stairs instead of taking the elevator. This basically led to the one of the best feelings of accomplishment I've ever experienced. Watching people take the lift while we struggled up the stairs made me really feel like a champ. Of course, you have to take a lift to the very top, but it was so much sweeter after having walked halfway! At the top, seeing all of Paris stretched before us, I felt amazing. There is no greater feeling than overcoming your fears. I was EMPOWERED!
The following day we did the day trip out to Versailles, since that was also always something we'd wanted to do but had never made time for. The ride on the RER C5 line was quick, and when we arrived we quickly realized that we both could get in for FREE!!!! Chris had free access because he was an EU citizen under 26, and in my case my UK visa counted in the same way! It was glorious! Normally those tickets are €25! Things are always better when they are free aren't they? This wasn't widely advertised mind you, but if you are in the same boat, now you know! There is a queue to get in mind you.
Versailles was truly amazing. I honestly could not believe the scope of the place. So if you ever decide to go, leave the full day to explore. The Hall of Mirrors and the grounds were two of the highlights for me, plus a little English village, The Queen's Hamlet, that Marie Antoinette had made just for her pleasure.
After Versailles we took it easy for the rest of the weekend. We strolled to Trocadero and watched the sun come down on the Eiffel Tower. We watched traffic zip around the Arc du Triomphe, jets of light illuminating the arch in reds and whites. We walked along the Champs-Élysées, soaking in the sounds of the French capital before we grabbed our train back to London.
That was that. A successful weekend in Paris.


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Compare Phones Samsung Galaxy S5 And IPhone 5S
(TechNewOnline) Choose Android or iOS device? It always is a difficult question to most users so far. Two platforms represent different approaches to mobile phones and platforms to suit each with a different user.
iPhone 5S and Samsung Galaxy S5 is the leading high-end smartphone, representatives for the two mobile platforms Android and iOS, both of which are the best smartphone on the market today. But where is the best smartphone of 2014?
View More: Best cell phone on the market.
Samsung Galaxy S5 - size large, plastic back cover with detachable small hole
IPhone 5S - Size small, monolithic slabs and non-removable back cover
Obviously Galaxy S5-size (142x72, 5x8, 1 mm) larger than the iPhone 5S (123.8 x58, 6x7, 6 mm). For many people, it is important to consider and weigh when deciding to buy a product in two.
Samsung phone size so large that when hold with one hand to manipulate the hand will feel a little tense and people with small hands will be a little difficult to hold with one hand and use, although the machine is still quite thin and easy to pocket.
While the iPhone 5S due to its compact size and easy to hold with one hand operation as well as pocket. There is a fact that the design of the iPhone 5S is better than Galaxy S5. Corrugated plastic back cover of S5 although decorated with tiny holes but when holding both products, the iPhone 5S clear view deserve a more advanced smartphone of Samsung products.
But Samsung's design allows users to remove the back cover and battery replacement easy, while the iPhone 5S is not monolithic by design can not be disassembled. Galaxy S5 also has waterproof capability, while iPhone 5S in the drop down if the water is almost certainly corrupted.
Victory - iPhone 5S
Scan fingerprint
Samsung Galaxy S5 - Natural Synaptics ID
iPhone 5S - TouchID
These are two of the first smartphone to use the fingerprint scanner. But both have completely different ways of working together. Touch Apple ID to take advantage of circular Home button to capture fingerprint estate, while Samsung's sensor is activated by moving your fingers glide over, and a fingerprint scanner on the Home button rectangle.
However, while using your Apple ID Touch sensors utilize circular Home button to capture fingerprint estate, while Samsung's sensor is activated by moving your fingers glide over, and a fingerprint scanner on the Home button rectangle. Touch Set to scan fingerprint ID on iPhone 5s also easier, including finger on the home button repeatedly to register fingerprints from many angles. Samsung Set back slightly different, users from repeatedly stroked down the Home button on the screen.
Sensor of iPhone 5S TouchID only used to unlock the phone or purchase from iTunes authorization only. While fingerprint sensor on the Galaxy S5 also compatible with mobile payment applications PayPal, which allows authorized users to pay via PayPal using fingerprints.
Victory - Samsung Galaxy S5
Samsung Galaxy S5 - Super AMOLED, 5.1-inch, 1080p
iPhone 5S - IPS LCD, 4 inch, resolution 1.536x640 pixels.
Galaxy S5 sized screen with 1.1 inch greater than the iPhone 5S. That means the screen of the Galaxy S5 is the better choice when used for entertainment such as watching movies, playing games, browsing photos ... Especially when the screen of the Galaxy S5 colors look more natural than the previous model of the Samsung S series and probably the best phone screen to date.
Unlike the past, today's Super AMOLED screen has caught up with the LCD screen on the display quality, which means that the screen of the Galaxy S5 is better than the iPhone 5S. Important benefits of OLED backlight is not used often, Should color deeper blacks and much better contrast. In a dark room the screen of the iPhone 5S will not look as good as the screen of the Galaxy S5.
Samsung also lets you control the display mode is displayed as Dynamic, Standard, Photo and Movie to optimize visibility depending on the needs of the users use.
Victory - Samsung Galaxy S5
Samsung Galaxy S5 - 801 Snapdragon clocked at 2.5 GHz, 2GB RAM; 16/32GB microSD support.
iPhone 5S - Apple A7 clocked at 1.4 GHz 64-bit, 1GB RAM; 16/32/64GB not support microSD.
Looking at the specs, the iPhone 5S seems weaker than the Galaxy S5. Machine only own dual-core CPU instead of as the core of S5, RAM and also only half the clock speed is much slower.
However, the actual iPhone 5S still not bad performance when compared to the Galaxy S5. Firstly because iOS is generally more efficient and better controlled than Android. In both tests 3DMark scores almost the same, but in the SunSpider test based on the browser - java rendering speed measurement, iPhone 5S completely outclasses Galaxy S5.
on the A7 CPU Apple iPhone 5s is 64 bit while the Galaxy S5 801 Snapdragon processor is 32-bit. Make today Android is not a system optimized for 64-bit platforms, so that there is not any Android devices equipped with 64-bit CPU. In theory, a 64-bit system can handle larger volumes of data in 32-bit systems so that the system will be stronger and more intensive applications.
Victory - equal
Samsung Galaxy S5 - 16 megapixel main camera on the back ISOCELL sensor, 2 megapixel front-facing camera.
IPhone 5S - back 8 megapixel main camera, 1.2 megapixel front-facing camera.
Obviously Galaxy S5 has a higher resolution camera than double the iPhone 5S, but high resolution is not the main factor determining image quality.
In good lighting conditions, the camera shots from the Galaxy S5 more detail, the ability to shoot in low light conditions and also good to noise ratio is quite low. The camera of the iPhone 5S faster shutter speeds when shooting Galaxy S5 but in low light conditions, the image quality is not equal.
Samsung also equips the Galaxy S5 camera ISOCELL completely new sensor, new sensor which is capable of better color reproduction, ability to focus concentration than most rivals in most conditions, including the iPhone 5S in some cases.
Results photos from left to right iPhone 5S - Samsung Galaxy S5
Snapshot normal
Photo taken in low light conditions
Macro Photographs
Photo taken using flash
Victory - Samsung Galaxy S5
Battery Life
Samsung Galaxy S5 - 2,800 mAh battery, power saving mode Ultra Power Saving.
IPhone 5S - Battery 1.560mAh
Samsung Galaxy S5 battery capable replacement, and also integrate power saving mode Ultra Power Saving effective. iPhone 5S smaller capacity batteries and iOS is no mode optimizes battery separately to prolong battery life when needed.
In fact three tests below battery with the screen brightness set to 75% and power saving mode off. The process of continuous use two devices to browse the web via Wi-Fi, watching video and listening to music HD after 1 hour intervals, Galaxy S5 is not much different from the competition but in power saving mode Galaxy S5 features are totally dominate.
The biggest advantage of Samsung Galaxy S5 in this war is the display crisp, bright with high contrast are essential factors when selecting phone users who want to entertain. However, if the large screen entertainment with sharp is not the determining factor of your choice, the iPhone 5S still have certain advantages. Compact size allows users easier to use, app store, gaming and rich quality than Android.
You should choose Samsung Galaxy S5 if directed to mobile entertainment needs, while the iPhone 5S choose if you want to own a compact phone, with many applications fashion excellence.


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Tim Danyo is an up and coming name in the world of who's who in online video marketing, but he's no stranger to video production or strategy. As video surges ahead as the 'must have' marketing initiative, Mr. Danyo spoke with ReelMarketer about how video can be used as an integral part of a businesses' inbound marketing plan!
Great to be sitting down with you! For those who've not heard of your company yet, who are you, and what is Imagination Media!
TIM DANYO: I started doing video professionally in 2003, but before that I was always involved in art, film, photography, and music. Getting fired from a really bad cable TV company actually kick started my video career oddly enough. I started using my trusty little Sony TRV-900 to get some quick live event gigs and then some commercial work. Things gradually progressed from there. I ran the gamut of video production and produced everything from fundraising videos, real estate video, TV commercials, weddings, documentaries, personal biographies, you name it!
As the the social media fire really began to ignite in 2007 my focus began to shift away from traditional broadcast and DVD delivery to the immerging field of video marketing. I was intrigued by the notion that anyone could become a broadcaster or a publisher and that with high speed internet and web 2.0 I could see a new online video revolution starting to happen. It took me some time to transition out of doing live events and B2C work, but I am so glad I did!
I rebranded my company as Imagination Media in 2009, specializing in video content production and marketing with a focus on business development through client education and engagement.
Your tagline is "Content That Connects". Many people have an idea what 'video production' is, but what is 'in-bound marketing' specifically?
TIM DANYO: Inbound marketing is actually a term coined by the folks at Hubspot. In-Bound Marketing is basically attracting customers through providing remarkable content. You could also call it "permission," or "relationship" marketing.
The gist is that you don't pummel your audience with advertising messages that are annoying and interruptive, or "outbound" in nature, but rather, provide incredible value in the form of helpful information that solves customer problems, answers questions, inspires them, provides unique perspectives on your industry or field of work, and stimulates conversations and engagement around the products and services you are selling.
The goal with Inbound Marketing is to win the customer's confidence and trust in your company so that they will do business with you. It's true, people are more apt to do business with those they know and like. It's that simple.
And how is this concept related to video production/marketing?
TIM DANYO: Online video is such a powerful inbound marketing tool because it communicates and educates the most effectively online. The internet is growing more visual everyday. Photos and video images carry more click throughs and interaction than text only.
The explosion of sites like Pinterest and the recent timeline overhaul by Facebook, making images and video the focal point, say a lot about the direction of the web. Also, Facebook just bought Instagram for 1 billion dollars! That tells you something! Eye candy attracts engagement, especially in an attention deficit environment like the web. With video you not only have the power to attract, but your video keeps visitors on your site longer, informs them, entertains them, gives them more value, and converts visits into sales.
That is the core of Inbound Marketing.
Why is an inbound marketing strategy important?
TIM DANYO: It is very important to develop a content strategy even before you press start on the camera. The strategy begins with the client, but more specifically, your best clients. I can't stress this enough! The whole reason to engage in content marketing is to attract the right people who are looking for the services you offer.
Why spend time and money creating amazing content for a clientele that is not ideal, or will not help grow your business? Take time to understand who your ideal client is…
- Do they pay on time?
- Do you get along with them on a personal level?
- Do these clients refer you?
- Do they provide a steady stream of business for you?
Then get to know every aspect you can about who they are. What their needs are. What problems they are facing. The demographics, and what social media circles they are hanging out in. Get as detailed as possible. Take them out to lunch and get to know them better and ask them these questions, (letting them know why of course) but you will find most clients are happy to share what they know because you've already established that rap pour and trust.
This exercise should be a foundation for all of your marketing, but I think there is an impression out there that businesses need to be all things to all clients and they take his sort of shotgun approach to marketing. I counter that by saying, the more you can niche your information to target your ideal clients needs and provide them with extreme value and an exceptional experience, they will be more loyal and refer you to others in their social circles.
I'd rather have fewer clients that pay me on time, love what I do, I have fun with, have built lasting relationships with , and refer me to their friends, than a thousand time sucking, money losing clients any day! So the number one strategy for inbound marketing is to start with your ideal clients and produce content specifically for them.
Is there anyway to measure the return on investment (ROI) of investing in video?
TIM DANYO: Yes there is. First you need to start out by defining your video marketing goals. What actions do you want your audience to take? Is it a subscription sign up? A social media share?
A click on a product link, or a combination of several actions? After you've established your client's action goals, develop a model to calculate what those sorts of engagements are actually worth to your company and assign a specific dollar amount.
For instance, a social share is worth 1 dollar. A product click is worth 5 dollars of advertising. etc. You can then measure the ROI against the cost per views. So, if your video cost you $1000 to produce, you would need to receive a certain amount of likes, subscribes, and clicks to break even. Assigning value to engagement is crucial to understanding the video marketing ROI.
This is very similar to how traditional advertising ROI is measured, even pay per click.
For a business interested in investing into video, what are the main arenas that you'd recommend to consider exploring and why?
TIM DANYO: Sure, let me cover the top three:
- Homepage: Video is attractive and convenient for first time clickers especially. The homepage is still considered a starting point for viewers to get a first impression. Make video the center piece to your home page and be willing to spend more on crafting a focused and marketing driven message about your company with a problems/solutions/benefits/call to action message. Hire a professional video company to produce it, because you only get a couple seconds to make a good first impression. Make it count. It needs to look and sound amazing as well as cause the viewer to take the next action step. This will take some time, energy and collaboration to execute well, but the ROI impact is very great here, because you have the opportunity captivate, educate, and motivate your audience from the start. Some good examples of video companies that specialize in home page videos are Epipheo Studios and Common Craft. They are amazing at what they do!
- About Us page: The About page is one of the most neglected and under developed types of pages on the internet! Studies have shown that it gets clicked the most. Why wouldn't you have a video on there? This is a great place to let loose and be yourself as a company. Tell your story. Share how things came into being. Who works there. Maybe provide separate employee spotlight videos? Have fun and make it entertaining. A company may want to self produce a video like this. I say go for it if you think you can pull it off! But I would still lean towards hiring a production company. Again, it's a well crafted message that needs to have higher production value. Meet or exceed your audiences expectations. Don't disappoint by distracting, poor quality video and audio. Don't bore your audience with a talking head at a desk, or a rambling message that doesn't engage the viewer. Make is social. Make it real. This will take some planning and effort to get right.
- Educational web series or VLOG (Video Blog): This should be your companies content marketing center piece. I would suggest making this content DIY (Do It Yourself). You may need to hire a video consultant to help with the set up and a creating a solid video content strategy, but for ease and cost, do it yourself. It comes down to viewer expectations. Most of the time, for a vlog, the viewer is not expecting a broadcast quality show. They want to get in, get the info, and get out. If it's valuable enough, they'll share it or comment on it. Over time, those shares will turn into subscriptions and follows and then into paying customers. The blog should be looked upon as a long term strategy for building up your position as the most helpful and knowledgable business in your niche.
As a leader in the production arena, any predictions for the future of video and in-bound marketing?
TIM DANYO: Video Inbound Marketing is only going to grow more popular as companies increasingly see the value in online video. I see SocialTV or ConnectedTV growing up fast within the next year. Second screens, being smartphones and tablets, are increasingly becoming apart of the TV viewing experience.
Traditional broadcasters and advertisers are also making the leap into social media and SocialTV is a natural progression of that Apple is soon to announce a new TV product and I have a hunch it's going to be a SocialTV of some sort. I also see more and more local shops adopting a content marketing strategy- producing their own educational shows and web series.
Exciting times my friends!
What are the best ways to find Imagination Media?
TIM DANYO: Thanks for having me! I can be easily contacted through the following:
Website: http://www.imaginationmedia.tv
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/timdanyo
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/imaginationmedia
Google+ https://plus.google.com/114107929152764851795
Pinterest: http://pinterest.com/timdanyo


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Mirage VFX headed by Patrick Feigueras is now the preferred post house of 3D Body Scan.
Mirage were the driving force behind 'Happy Feet'.
This should give you the confidence that your job will be completed with the upmost quality.
With 3D Body Scans 16 year experience in camera arrays and Mirage's lifetime of 3D, your project can proceed as a low risk opportunity.
We are not limited to production in Australia – we travel the world.


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Words that end in ecillo
Found 2 words that end in ecillo. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words that end with ecillo. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words containing ecillo
- Scrabble
- Words With Friends
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- Crossword


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Lifetime - Francie Nolan
Ted Leo/Rx - Treble in Trouble
Chisel - Towncrusher
Late last year I went on a pilgrimage to Harris, where the legendary tweed is made. It's woven in small sheds by the local residents in the stark and stunn...
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Internet Marketing in Nairobi
Internet Marketing in Nairobi
We offer professional and strategic ideas for your business to grow online and increase online sales. The website itself won't help you until you are positioned well in search engine results (your site's online ranking or presence). We help you get this search engine ranking for your site. For the proof, you can watch the video as shown to get you an idea on how fast our posts get indexed and how fast it get ranked in Top 10 results.
Today's approach is quite competitive and hence you need to have a smart way of getting to customers, online. I have been in Internet Marketing since 2008 and have ranked several sites on top page of Google for the customers located in Netherlands, USA, Malaysia, UK and India.
I also have started an Internet Marketing in Nairobi coaching program which will guide you and empower you with all the tricks I use to earn handsome amount of money on the internet.
So look further no more, you will get more information and details on this page, Internet Marketing in Nairobi…


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What is Lady Macbeth's reaction to her husband's letter?
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Lady Macbeth is very gratified by Macbeth's letter, and she does not doubt for a moment that the rest of the Weird Sisters' statements will come true. She says, "Glamis thou art, and Cawdor; and shalt be / What thou art promised." However, she fears that Macbeth is too kind, too compassionate, and too loyal to Duncan to take the fastest path to the throne: killing the current king. She says, "Yet do I fear thy nature; / It is too full o' th' milk of human kindness / To catch the nearest way [...]." She admits that he is ambitious, but she feels that he lacks "the illness" which would compel him to privilege that quality over the others.
In light of this lack, she determines that she will need to plan and execute Duncan's murder herself, and when she learns that he is on his way to their home, she is terrifyingly ecstatic. Lady Macbeth is already resolved to regicide, as she refers to Duncan's arrival as his "fatal entrance" into their home. Like Macbeth before her, she addresses the sky and prays for darkness so that nothing and no one will be able to see her actions. She says, "Come, thick night, / And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, / That my keen knife see not the wound it makes, / Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark /To cry 'Hold, hold!'" Such a coincidence helps to show us how well-matched this pair actually is for one another.
Lady Macbeth is very pleased with the witches prophecy that Macbeth will be king. Like Macbeth, she sees the immediate fulfillment of the title of Thane of Cawdor being given to Macbeth as confirmation that the witches prophecy about Macbeth sitting on the throne will come true. However, Lady Macbeth is much more ambitious than Macbeth. She sees the immediate obstacle of King Duncan and his sons. Macbeth is no where never being in line for the throne as things currently stand. Lady Macbeth doesn't feel that Macbeth has the ambition and decisiveness to take action and thus ensure the fulfillment of the prophecy. Lady Macbeth asks the gods to make her less of a woman and more like a man so that she can do what is needed (killing Duncan), which she doesn't think Macbeth will be able to do on his own.


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05 Stock Silencer
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Lingua Franca: Hypotheses - online
Volume 10, No. 2 - March 2000
Why Scientists Always Pick the Wrong Man
"Who is buried in Grant's tomb?" That was the bonus question Groucho Marx used to put to unfortunate contestants on his 1950s quiz show, You Bet Your Life. It sounds like a giveaway, but beware: Questions of this form can be treacherous. Consider: Who discovered Bayes's theorem? Who discovered Giffen's paradox? Who discovered the Pythagorean theorem? Who discovered America? If your answers were, respectively, Bayes, Giffen, Pythagoras, and Amerigo Vespucci, then no box of Snickers for you.
The practice of naming things after people (real or mythical) who are associated with them is called eponymy. There are eponymous words, like "guillotine," "bowdlerize," and "sadism." There are eponymous place-names, like Pennsylvania and the PelopÛnnisos. And there are eponymous compound expressions, like "Copernican system" and "Halley's comet." When such expressions occur in the sciences, the presumption is that the thing designated was discovered by the scientist whose name is affixed to it. That presumption is nearly always false.
If you think I exaggerate, you are obviously not familiar with Stigler's Law of Eponymy. This law, which in its simplest form states that "no scientific discovery is named after its original discoverer," was so dubbed by Stephen Stigler in his recent book Statistics on the Table (Harvard). An immodest act of nomenclature? Not really. If Stigler's law is true, its very name implies that Stigler himself did not discover it. By explaining that the credit belongs instead to the great sociologist of science Robert K. Merton, Stigler not only wins marks for humility; he makes the law to which he has lent his name self-confirming.
What explains the truth of Stigler's law? One might start with Merton's famous hypothesis that "all scientific discoveries are in principle 'multiples.'" Perhaps, for some reason, a discovery invariably gets named for the wrong one of its multiple discoverers.
But Stigler's law is more interesting than that. Take the Pythagorean theorem. Pythagoras was not one of its discoverers. The theorem was known before him and proved after him; moreover, he may even have been unaware of its geometric import. Such radical misnamings abound. In checking out Stigler's suggestion that Giffen's paradox ("demand for some goods increases with price") was undreamed of by its eponym, the economist Robert Giffen, I chanced upon an encyclopedia entry for Sir Thomas Gresham, the sixteenth-century Englishman after whom Gresham's law ("bad money drives out good") is named. "It was thought that Gresham was the first to state the principle," the entry reads, "but it has been shown that it was stated long before his time and that he did not even formulate it."
Such eponymic blunders might be the exception rather than the rule if historians of science were in charge of labeling scientific discoveries. But they are not; it's practicing scientists who make the decisions, and for all their vaunted vigor, most of them have no historical expertise. And as Stigler observes, "names are rarely given and never generally accepted unless the namer...is remote in time or place (or both) from the scientist being honored." That is to ensure the appearance of impartiality. After all, having a theorem or a comet named for you confers something like intellectual immortality; such an honor must be perceived by the community of scientists as being based on merit, not on national affiliation or personal friendship or political pressures.
Given that "eponyms are only awarded after long time lags or at great distances, and then only by active (and frequently not historically well informed) scientists with more interest in recognizing general merit than an isolated achievement," Stigler concludes, "it should not then come as a surprise that most eponyms are inaccurately assigned, and it is even possible (as I have boldly claimed) that all widely accepted eponyms are, strictly speaking, wrong."
He proceeds to show the great power of his eponymous law by applying it to a particular case: the formula for the probability distribution known as the bell curve. Since this is also called Gaussian distribution, one can infer from Stigler's law that Gauss was not its discoverer. Sure enough, in an 1809 book, Gauss cites Laplace in connection with the distribution, and in fact Laplace did touch on it as early as 1774. But the distribution is also sometimes called the Laplace or Laplace-Gauss distribution, so it can further be inferred from Stigler's law that Laplace was not its discoverer either! Indeed, current scholarship traces its origin to a 1733 publication by Abraham De Moivre.
Oddly, I have found that Stigler's law is valid even for pseudo-eponyms. Take "crap." People often claim that this word eponymously derives from Thomas Crapper, the celebrated Victorian inventor of the flush toilet. But this etymology is spurious: The word "crap" in its excremental sense entered Middle English from Old French. Nevertheless, the mere fact that Crapper is folkishly linked to "crap" suggests, by Stigler's law, that he was not the original inventor of the flush toilet. And, mirabile dictu, that turns out to be the case: The flush toilet was designed by Sir John Harington in the court of Elizabeth I.
I could give more examples, but lunchtime approaches, and I am looking forward to eating something that I feel quite certain was not invented by the fourth earl of Sandwich.
In addition to "Hypotheses," Jim Holt writes a regular column for the Wall Street Journal covering books on science and philosophy. His book Worlds Within Worlds: How the Infitesimal Revolutionized Thought will be published in the fall by Four Walls/Eight Windows.
Copyright © 2000 Lingua Franca, Inc. All rights reserved.


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'Tis the season for hearing about all the broody hens. People watching and waiting to find fluffy little peeps in the nest with momma hen one morning. There is no denying that nature is best. Broody hens raise strong, healthy chicks. You won't need a heat lamp, or a brooder set up in your dining room or office for three to six weeks. We have had a broody hen and I have had many broody hens that I discouraged from sitting. Why? If nature is best, why would I … [Read more...]
What is a Lash Egg? Salpingitis in Laying Hens
I had never even heard of a lash egg. It has been over 10 years since we first began chicken keeping. In all that time, not once did I have a lash egg laid in my chicken coop. Until one day, a strange looking "thing"appeared. We had occasional strange eggs, bumpy shells, extra pigment, weak egg shells and one or two rubber eggs (no shell at all). And then, there it was. What is a Lash Egg you might be asking? What is a Lash Egg ? The first time … [Read more...]
Why Keep the Rooster
4 Reasons to Keep the Rooster Did you get some chicks this spring? Those little fluffy balls of fun were so cute! And there, of course was one who was your favorite, right? Now that the chicks are reaching 10 to 12 weeks of age, you have begun to notice something a little different about your favorite chick. It may be slightly bigger, stand a little taller, have bigger feet and it may be growing a slightly more noticeable comb or wattles. You may have a … [Read more...]
Chicken Health – Understand Molt, Prolapse and Crop problems
Chicken Health Much of what we hear about in the news concerns problems with a live contagion that can wipe out a chicken or any poultry flock in a matter of days. The financial loss to commercial operations can be devastating but the damage to our hearts when we lose a member of our backyard flock is also devastating. What about some of the chicken health issues that are more likely to affect our flock? These are common everyday ailments that can become very serious for the chicken, if not … [Read more...]
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Notes Lock - Todo & Notepad is a free Android app that belongs to the category Productivity Apps with subcategory Text Editors and has been published by Newsoftwares.net.
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Turtables of Time-Zelda Remix
Credits & Info
- Uploaded
- Oct 30, 2005 | 9:07 PM EST
- File Info
- Song
- 2 min 22 sec
- Score
- 3.77 / 5.00
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Please contact me if you would like to use this in a project. We can discuss the details.
- Score:
- Rated 3.77 / 5 stars
- Plays & Downloads:
- 726 Plays | 330 Downloads
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- Genres:
- Hip Hop, Rap, R&B - Hip Hop - Modern
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Author Comments
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Second best remix ever!
This is one of the best remixes ever! I loved what you've done with the fairy tune from Zelda. Great originality and intriguing to listen to. What is the best remix ever though? Mint Royale's "singing in the rain" of course! So your track isn't the best ever remix ever but second best ever remix is still pretty damn good! Check out my music sometime.
DUDE That is a sweet remix, if i'm thinking of the right one. Thx for the review btw
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Ok, number one, Zelda kicks major ass.
Number two, this song kicks major ass.
I can't stop listening to it, I Downloaded it and it is now playing constantly, and I love it. You did a awesome job on this. 10 ALL THE WAY
Rated 4.5 / 5 stars
Yeah, I hear the zelda element.
It's that music that plays in the background at the main load file screen in most of the zelda games. Nice. Originality gets a 10 because....well....cmon, it's zelda for christs sake! w00t!
Thnx d00d, w00t indeed.
Rated 3.5 / 5 stars
pretty cool
didnt sound much zelda-y but still pretty cool... where did u get ur rap sounds? theyre awesome... check out my music
Ay, glad u liked it. By rap sounds i'm assuming u mean drums, and i got them at this site, soundsforsamplers.com. Then i tweaked it with reverb and the like. And the pianos were 100% zelda, pretty much everything but the bass was. but hey, i'll try and check out ur stuff.


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Additional Info
Product Questions
Product Questions
I'm an advanced to expert skier who's starting to get less fit than I once was, my old boots are just too tight, hard to get on, and uncomfortable. My feet actually go numb especially the outside of my foot. Is this boot going to make a difference? Can you suggest any other boot that may whilst maintaining fairly responsive and aggressive skiing even if it is for shorter bursts than it used to be.
Question by: Mark on 8/5/2014 3:40 AM
This boot is wide and is still going to provide enough stability for a more aggressive skier. Not as much as a stiffer flexing boot but you will be hard pressed to find something this wide and comfy at a stiffer flex. How this one will fit in comparison to your current boot will depend on the current boot you have. If you would please let us know which boot that is, I can give you a comparison for better reference.
Answer by: Jonathan (Admin) on 8/5/2014 10:50 AM
Question by: john on 10/26/2014 5:24 AM
They are a wider fitting boot so it is definitely built for comfort or for someone who requires a wide fit. We have sold them to folks with narrow feet looking for comfort but it is best to get something that is closer to the proper width to your foot so you don't move around too much (That looses control to the ski.)
Answer by: Jonathan (Admin) on 10/28/2014 3:04 AM
- EEE foot is now happyReview by MaxL


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Browse forums
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Sunday, May 18, 2014
Pine Buff, Arkansas
You Can Always Use a Bit More Blues.
We are still looking at Blues Music Awards pictures this week, primarily because I did not have time last week to go through the entire 3,600 plus shots I burned off during the event. In any case, we are back in Memphis for this Photo of the Week epistle. For those of you who prefer pictures over verbiage, this week you get your way.


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In this DIY project we are going to build a Simple Mobile Phone using Raspberry Pi, in which GSM Module is used to Make or...
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Colour/Breed: Blue Roan Club Gelding Lightweight Cob
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Malcolm arrived on the 10th of October 2006. He hadn�t been ridden since he was backed, four years before. At present we are taking things slowly, by hacking out and re-familiarising him with a rider and general handling. He is a real sweetheart, always looking for a hug, and likes to be spoiled and babied a bit. He really enjoys going out and has recently joined the musical ride team.


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Basic Qualifications 1. Current Secret Clearance within 6 years of Investigation close date. 2. Previous SAP experience and knowledge of DoDM 5205.07 3. Excellent communication skills; written and verbal including public speaking 4. Prior experience working SAP Security including PERSEC and Physical 5. Ability to multi-task and remain organized and effective. 6. Proficient in Microsoft Office suite.
Desired skills 1. Experience in F-35 SAP Programming. 2. Experience in Personnel Security and SAP Nomination Process 3. Experience w/ JAFAN 6/9 and or ICD 705 (Physical Security) 4. Effective Presentation Skills 5. Experience working in Production SAP environments 6. Control Account Manager (CAM) experience 7. Experience with SAP Operations and Inspections
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Job Location(s): Orlando Florida


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The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) found that from October 2006 through October 2009, Northern Trust Securities, Inc. failed to monitor customer accounts for potentially unsuitable levels of concentration in collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs). FINRA found that from January 2007 to June 2008 over 43% of the firm's business was excluded from review.
In June 2011, Northern Trust was fined $600,000 for deficiencies in supervision of the CMO sales and for failure to have in place adequate systems to monitor high-volume securities trades.
Brad Bennett, FINRA Executive Vice President and Chief of Enforcement, said, "Northern Trust's deficient systems and procedures allowed more than 40 percent of its transactions to proceed without review, which in turn left vulnerable investors exposed to the risk of losing all or a substantial portion of their principal through potential over-concentration in CMOs."
If you had an account with Northern Trust that had transactions involving CMO's during the applicable time period, you should consult a securities attorney to determine your legal rights. FINRA rules generally limit proceeding with actions based on events that occurred more than six years prior to filing. Failure to act timely may result in loss of your rights.
Robert H. Rex, Esq. has been helping investors recover stock market losses for over twenty years. If you have a question about your brokerage account, call 561 391 1900 or visit our website. Nationwide representation. Free consultation.
Disclosure: I have no positions in any stocks mentioned, and no plans to initiate any positions within the next 72 hours.


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Red Paddle Co 13'2 Explorer - 2017
- In Stock -
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The Red Paddle Co 13'2" Explorer is the ulitmate adventure inflatable paddleboard. Designed for the most epic of adventures, this inflatable SUP eats up distances while enabling you to carry everything including the kitchen sink!
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The Red Paddle Co 13'2 Explorer package when packed in its Red Paddle Co. Back Pack with pump and three piece alloy paddle measures -
- Tall - 90 cm
- Width - 50 cm
- Depth - 35 cm
- Weighs - 15.6 kg


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Ferris State University online business degrees
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There are a variety of approaches to project management. Critical chain management (CCPM) puts more emphasis on the resources required to execute tasks, while event chain methodology focuses on managing events that will affect scheduling. Regardless of the method you choose, the Small Business Administration advises listing out specific project objectives, create a working timeline of both materials and personnel, and monitor all required costs as the project proceeds. Project control means keeping on-track, on-time, and under budget.
A project manager, therefore, is responsible for determining project requirements, and managing all elements of the task. Project management software is available that will help to organize both yourself and your team. Depending on the sophistication of the software, it may include estimating and cost control, decision-making trees, and a workflow analysis. Over the course of any project, the requirements may change mid-stream, without prior notice. Changes can be the result of necessary design modifications, altered site conditions, material availability or lack thereof. Finally, a formal, compliance-based audit may be conducted by upper management after completion. Beyond major requirements within the BBA degree program department, you may consider John Brown University practicum as a complementary elective to your primary course of study.
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2500k 580 GTX 230GB Revodrive MB
I am building a new rig and need some MB advise.
Here is what I have:
MSI GeForce GTX580 1536 MB GDDR5 384bit PCI Express 2.0 x 16 Graphics Card N580GTX Lightning.
230GB OCZ Revodrive(the first revision of Revodrive's).
Ordering a i5 2500k.
After viewing this video from Asus I need PCI-E 3.0 16x to take full advantage of my Revodrive's Read: Up to 530 MB/s
Write: Up to 435 MB/s speed.
Also need 3.0 16x for my GTX580.
So with this in mind I need some advise on a great overclocking MB for my 2500k (Noctua NH-D14 cooled) that has at least 2- 3.0 PCI-E 16x both running at 16x speed. What to do, what to do...
Here is what I have:
MSI GeForce GTX580 1536 MB GDDR5 384bit PCI Express 2.0 x 16 Graphics Card N580GTX Lightning.
230GB OCZ Revodrive(the first revision of Revodrive's).
Ordering a i5 2500k.
After viewing this video from Asus I need PCI-E 3.0 16x to take full advantage of my Revodrive's Read: Up to 530 MB/s
Write: Up to 435 MB/s speed.
Also need 3.0 16x for my GTX580.
So with this in mind I need some advise on a great overclocking MB for my 2500k (Noctua NH-D14 cooled) that has at least 2- 3.0 PCI-E 16x both running at 16x speed. What to do, what to do...
14 answers Last reply
More about 2500k 230gb revodrive
Pci-e 3.0 is on some mother boards but is not able to be used, it requires the upcoming intel chip "ivy bridge" which will fit in 1155 sockets and sport a new south bridge. The south bridge motherboards will start to be released as they are now finished production. The Ivy bridge is set to launch q1-q2 here is a link to the thread discussing ivy bridge.
Sandy Bridge is using 3.0 according to anand.
kevin300z said:Sandy Bridge is using 3.0 according to anand.
That is Sandy Bridge E and X79, not normal P67 or Z68. On the i5 it isn't supported. Obviously in the future, more processors will support it. Right now though it doesn't matter much/at all.
What you should consider as my recommendation, Go with X79 w/ i7 3820 and upgrade to IvyBridge-E later in future or at the end of 2012... IvyBridge-E is a 22nm CPU and will take full advantage of it and is said to replace the current LGA 2011 CPUs when it comes out BUT it's still same socket, just CPU replacement...
This is your money so if you want the best get the best. If it were my money I would stick with either the i5-2500k or i7-2600k. The extra money isn't worth it even for a hardcore gamer. On the maximum performance for the SSD, PCIE 3.0 shouldn't make a difference for a SSD, they don't take up all the bandwith anyway. It sounds like you want the best even if it doesn't offer a substantial boost though, so I don't have much to say. I guess legendkiller is right if you want the uber high end, SLI 580's and the extreme edition mobo and extreme edition i7.
From the same anandtech article.Quote:PCIe 3.0 will likely be useful for GPU compute applications, although not so much for gaming anytime soon.
Read this. Look at the gaming FPS, and the overall score. They are very similar in gaming. (i7 vs i7 extreme)
Than look at a i5 vs i7
For gaming, they all are very similar.
kevin300z said:Sounds like a plan LegendKiller. So ASUS Rampage IV Extreme/BATTLEFIELD 3 LGA 2011 Intel X79 SATA 6Gb/s USB 3.0 Intel Motherboard with USB BIOS looks like the mother of all X79 boards?
PCI Express 3.0 x16 : 4 (dual@x16; triple@x16/x8/x16; quad@x16/x8/x8/x8)
1 (@x8)
It's actually not a plan... It's just future proof... 22nm is ganna be awesome but with IvyBridgeE coming in, it's ganna likely to replace the current LGA 2011's CPUs
kevin300z said:I was looking to get the best but I guess not worth the money for the return. Guess I'm back to going with a i5 2500k best overclockable Motherboard and multiple 3.0 PCI-E's running at 16x. Any suggestions?
PCIe 3.0 wont be supported by your i5 2500k... That is why IvyBridge is coming in to take the PCIe 3.0...
How is it that people are getting amazing speed on 16x 2.0? Is it not even worth getting 3.0? 2000MB/S on PCI-E 2.0?
That guy has a bunch of SSDs in RAID - that considerably speeds up read/write times because the information is split among the drives.
Ivy Bridge is going to be released on the current Sandy Bridge platform (P67/Z68) and should be compatible with most newer boards with a BIOS flash. IB is NOT going to be on the 2011 socket as of yet.
There are a few PCI-e 3.0 boards on the Z68 chipset from Asus and ASRock, if you really are inclined to get 3.0. However, you won't see any difference in gaming (the GTX 580 is only PCIe 2.0) and your SSD gains are marginal because PCIe 2.0 can still support ~1GBps transfer rates.
Boiler you are correct in your statement about PCIe and graphics cards. This article goes on further to your claims.
My question still stands on how Asus is marketing 3.0 speed and current technology and how it makes the revodrive run faster when 2.0 vs 3.0 should have no bearing, correct?
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text:
D. Vishnuvardhan, Sreenivasan. B, I. Suneetha / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.795-798
Advanced Digital Image Compression Technique Using Curvelet Transform D. Vishnuvardhan1, Sreenivasan. B2, I. Suneetha3 1
M. Tech (DSCE) Student, ECE Department, AITS, Tirupati 2 Assistant Professor ECE Department, AITS, Tirupati 3 Associate Professor, ECE Department, AITS, Tirupat
Abstract In real time applications Image Compression plays a major role in storage memory and transmission bandwidth. As many compression methods are existing, selection of compression methods depends upon the quality in image reconstruction. Two popular compression methods are Wavelet and Ridgelet methods. Wavelet method has affected by the blocking artifacts and Ridgelet is designed to handle only line and edge singularities. This paper proposes a compression method using curvelet transform. The Curvelet Transform overcomes the drawbacks of above two methods and also has improvement in PSNR because of adaptive threshold.
W taking positive real arguments and supported on and V taking real arguments and supported on .These windows will always obey the admissibility conditions:
Now, for each , introducing the frequency window Uj defined in the Fourier domain by
Key Words: PSNR, Retained Coefficients, Ridgelet
Data compression[1] is the process of converting a data stream into another data stream that has smaller size. Different compression techniques have been developed for the past two decades. The basic principle of compression is to remove the redundancy in the source data. Compression basically is of two types – lossless and lossy[2]. This paper is connected with lossy image compression of color images. Many techniques exist for the compression of color images. A Block Partitioning Coder algorithm based on modified SPHIT Method based on Vector Quantization (VQ) has been an efficient method for image compression. The paper describes a VQ based, Fast Clustering Algorithm[3].Color image compression using the CT is not yet explored. This work explores use of Curvelet transform[10] and comparing it with the wavelet transform and Ridgelet transform[7] for color image compression
The work throughout in two dimensions, i.e., , with spatial variable x, with a frequency domain variable, and with r and polar coordinates in the frequency-domain. Start with a pair of windows W(r) and V (t), which we will call the "radial window" and "angular window," respectively. These are smooth, nonnegative and real-valued, with
where is the integer part of j/2. Thus the support of Uj is a polar "wedge" defined by the support of W and V, the radial and angular windows, applied with scale-dependent window widths in each direction. To obtain real-valued curvelets, work with the symmetrized version of (2.3), namely, . Define the waveform by means of its Fourier transform . is a "mother" curvelet in the sense that all curvelets at scale are obtained by rotations and translations of . Introduce The equispaced sequence of rotation angles , with such that (note that the spacing between consecutive angles is scale-dependent),and the sequence of translation parameters .With these notations, defining curvelets (as function of ) at -j scale 2 , orientation and position by .…(3) where is the rotation by inverse (also its transpose).
radians and
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D. Vishnuvardhan, Sreenivasan. B, I. Suneetha / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.795-798 For a subbands(i, j) , the threshold value, (i) m for a3, (ii)2*m for h3, v3, d3 (iii)3*m for h2, v2, d2 and (iv) 4*m for h1, v1, d1. Step 4: Apply inverse wavelet transform to thresholded coefficient matrix - wth to get the reconstructed image component Y. Fig. 1:Curvelet tiling of space and frequency. Then the ridgelet transform is the application of a 1-D wavelet transform to the slices (also referred to as projections) of the Radon transform, and is denoted as CRTf a, b,θ ∫R ψ a,b tRf θ , tdt …. (4) By definition, the Finite Ridgelet Transform (FRIT) canbe indicated as FRITf [k, m] FRATf [k,.], wm (k ) [.] … (5) To overcome the weakness of wavelets in higher dimensions, ridgelets can be used effectively to deal with line singularities in 2-D. The idea is to map a line singularity into a point singularity[5] using the Radon transform. Then, the wavelet transform can be used to effectively handle the point singularity. In short, the Ridgelet transform is the application of 1 -D wavelet transform to the slices of the radon transform. The Ridgelet transform is used for many applications mainly for the edge representation in natural images, in motion compensated images. Comparison of JPEG, Wavelet and Ridgelet transform for compression is implemented. It is possible to convert from RGB to YCbCr and vice versa. In this paper, we use of YCbCr format.
The analysis presented in this paper is based on three transforms namely Wavelet, Ridgelet and Curvelet Transforms. The color images are selected from the set of standard images. Results for Compression metrics, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and PSNR are tabulated. A specific thresholding method used in each of Ridgelet and Wavelet case is described as follows: i) For Wavelet Transform Algorithm: Step 1: Convert input image from RGB to YCbCr Format. Step 2: Separate the components Y, Cb, Cr. Step 3: Process Y component. 3.1:Decompose Y component using discrete wavelet 3.2: Threshold subbands –a and h, v, d at all levels.
Step 5: Repeat steps 3 and 4 for Cb and Cr components. Step 6: Calculate MSE and PSNR between original and reconstructed image. The calculations for the measures are defined as follows: 1. Mean Square Error (MSE) is a distortion measure for lossy compression. Mean square Error between two images is given as, MSE= ,Root mean square RMSE = Where, Pi-Original Image Qi – Reconstructed image data, k size of image 2. Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) is defined as, PSNR = 20 3. Percentage of retained coefficients (% Of RC) is defined as % RC = no. of non-zero coefficients/ total no. of coefficients×100. ii) For Ridgelet Transform Algorithm: Step 1: Transform input image from RGB to YCbCr format. Step 2: Separate the components Y, Cb, Cr. Step 3: Process the Y component. 3.1: Decompose Y component using ridgelet. 3.2: The multiplier values used for The subbands(i) m for the most significant band 1(at level 3) (ii) 2*m for band 2 (iii)3*m for band 3 (iv) 4*m for band 4 3.3: For Ridgelet Transformed coefficient matrix of a subband is r(i, j), threshold value for column j, v(j) = multiplier* Step 4:Invert the image from thresholded coefficient matrix - rth to get reconstructed Y component. Step 5: Repeat steps 3 and 4 for Cb and Cr components. Step 6: Calculate MSE and PSNR between original and reconstructed image.
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D. Vishnuvardhan, Sreenivasan. B, I. Suneetha / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.795-798 iii) For Curvelet Transform Algorithm: Step 1: Transform input image from RGB to YCbCr format. Step 2: Separate the components Y, Cb, Cr. Step 3: Process the Y component. 3.1:Decompose Y component using Curvelet. 3.2:Threshold the different subbands, s(i,j)by value v = multiplier*(1/n)Σ , | ( , )|,n = i*j. 3.3 Retain the curvelet coefficients above the threshold value v to form Cth. Step 4: Invert the image from thresholded coefficient matrix – Cth to get reconstructed Y component.
Fig.3:PSNR of image F2
Step 5: Repeat steps 3 and 4 for Cb and Cr components. Step 6: Calculate MSE and PSNR between original and reconstructed image.
The algorithms explained in section III have been applied to the standard images. Compression results with values of PSNR (Peak Signal to Nose Ratio) are given in Fig. 2, 3 ,4 and Table .1. Result images are given in Fig. 4. Fig.1,2,3 shows the graph of % of RC versus PSNR for three images, F1, F2 and F3 respectively. From Fig. 1,2 and 3 it is clear that the PSNR for wavelet based compression is better only for the higher % of RC, in the range 90 – 70 (lower compression ratio).When we decrease the % of RC, which indicates higher compression, the Curvelet transform shows higher PSNR values compared to ridgelet transform. It is seen that the PSNR using the Curvelet Transform is better than the Wavelet and Ridgelet case over a wider range of % of RC. Even with special thresholding method, the higher PSNR values can be obtained with Curvelet transform. . Wavelet transform gives better PSNR than Ridgelet only for the 90% and 80% of RC. After that its PSNR performance suddenly drops below Ridgelet, and Curvelet. Comparison of PSNR among transforms
Fig.4:PSNR of image F3 Higher % of retained coefficients indicates lesser compression ratio. Table 1: PSNR Values (% WT RC) (PSNR) 90 63.17 80 53.89 70 47.65 60 43.19 50 24.10 40 13.52 30 9.79 20 6.02
RC – Retained Coefficients, WT- Wavelet Transform, RT- Ridgelet Transform, CT- Curvelet Transform, PSNR- Peak Signal to Nose Ratio. The algorithms applied for three images Rose.jpg of size 97×97, Lena.png of size 503×503 and Fruits.png of size 131×131. Fig.2:PSNR of image F1
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D. Vishnuvardhan, Sreenivasan. B, I. Suneetha / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.795-798 Rose.jpg (97×97)
F1-rose.jpg (Original).
Lena.png (503×503) Fruits.png (131×131)
40% RC-Wavelet 40% RC-Ridgelet (13.5dB) (27.3dB)
40% RC-Curvelet (36.1dB)
RT at all compression ratios. The performance of WT at lower % RC is unacceptable since, WT has limitations in handling the line and curve singularities in the image. From table it is observed that the RT has improved results compared to WT, but the results are lower compared to CT, this is because the RT are designed to handle line singularities. The proposed compression technique is tested for natural imaged which have singularities in curves, the CT results in best compared to WT and RT. The CT performs better compared to WT and RT especially at lower % RC, which means that even though a large number of coefficients neglected the CT is capable of retrieving higher details compared to RT, which results in getting a quality image at all compression ratios.
References [1]
[2] F2 lena.png (Original)
40% RC-Wavelet 40% RC-Ridgelet (12.6dB) (23.4dB)
[4] [5] 40% RC-Curvelet (34.7dB) [6]
[7] F3 fruits.png (Original)
40% RC-Wavelet 40% RC-Ridgelet (13.9dB) (24.5dB) [8]
40% RC-Curvelet (33.5dB)
Fig.5: Implementation Results
Sayood, Khalid (2000)," Introduction to Data Compression", Second edition Morgan Kaufmann. David Salomon, Data Compression, The Complete Reference, (2nd Edition, 2001, Reprint, Springer Verlag). Gonzalez, Woods, Eddins, Digital Image Processing using MATLAB (Pearson Education, 2004). Gonzalez, Woods, Eddins, Digital Image Processing (Pearson Education, 2008). E.J. Candes, Ridgelets, Theory and Applications, Ph.D. Thesis, Aug.1998, Department of Statistics, Stanford University. Minh N. Do and Martin Vetterli, The Finite Ridgelet Transform for Image Representation, IEEE Transactionson Image Processing, January 2003. E.J. Candes, Laurent Demanet, D.L. Donoho, Lexing Ying, "Fast Discrete Curvelet Transforms", Stanford University Press Notes, July 2005. F. Matus and J. Flusser, Image representation via a finite Radon transform, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. MachineIntelligence, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. Oct 1993. M. N. Do and M. Vetterli, The Contourlet transform: an efficient directional multiresolution image representation, IEEE Trans. Image Processing, Vol 14, No.12, Dec 2005. AwaisMansoor and AtifBinMansoor, " On Image Compression Using Digital Curvelet Transform", 9th International Multitopic Conference, IEEE Dec. 2005.
From the table it is clear that the proposed compression algorithm for color image using CT results in higher PSNR values compared to WT and
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text:
The early morning with your really bad news.
Making people's friday go blues.
What can we help. No
I am not a fans of you and your band,
but I do listen your songs since I was 11.
My brother likes your band,
your songs are all in his playlist and I used to play.
But still r.i.p.
You can't help Chris Cornell's hurt,
yet we can't help your suffer.
One more light,
the song from you to Chris.
We all do care if one more light goes out.
But it's okay, you can now not suffering anymore.
Yes you are, so I am.
Not died, your voice still here.
:) \ quite down


text:
Jentel Artist Residency Program offers four-week residencies from mid-January to mid-May to poets, fiction writers, and creative nonfiction writers on a cattle ranch in the Lower Piney Creek Valley, 20 miles east of Sheridan, Wyoming. Each residency includes a private room, separate work space, access to a common living area, and a $400 stipend. Residents are responsible for their own food and travel. U.S. citizens or international writers currently residing in United States who are over 25 years old and not currently enrolled as students are eligible. For residencies from January 15, 2018, to May 13, 2018, using the online submission system submit up to 10 pages of poetry or up to 20 pages of prose and contact information for three references with a $23 application fee by September 15. Visit the website for an application and complete guidelines.
Contact Information
Jentel Artist Residency Program, 130 Lower Piney Creek Road, Banner, WY 82832. (307) 737-2311. Mary Jane Edwards, Executive Director.