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The Essential Galbraith Paperback – Import 9 Oct 2001
Product Description About the Author John Kenneth Galbraith (1908-2006) was a critically acclaimed author and one of America's foremost economists. His most famous works include The Affluent Society The Good Society and The Great Crash. Galbraith was the receipient of the Order of Canada and the Robert F. Kennedy Book Award for Lifetime Achievement and he was twice awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved. Preface I send this book to press and on to my readers with one slight sense of concern. It is that someone will ask who decided that this was The Essential Galbraith. The author will be a plausible suspect. In fact it was associates my publisher and the wider professional and reading public who were responsible. The selection here is of writing that is thought to have had some durable impact on economic and other scholarly thought or on the world at large. Thus as later noted the piece on Countervailing Power an excerpt from American Capitalism is still in print after nearly fifty years. The balance of power between buyer and seller therein described was considered a major modification of the traditional competitive supply-and-demand construct to which all who have studied economics were exposed. It is perhaps a measure of the enduring nature of the term "the Conventional Wisdom" as defined in the second essay that one rarely gets through a newspaper today without encountering it. Though I try however unsuccessfully to convey an aspect of modesty I am always pleased to have added this phrase to the language. The Affluent Society from which several chapters are here included was the most widely published economic volume of its time. After his nomination for President in 1960 one of the first questions asked of John F. Kennedy was whether if elected he would be guided by the ideas expressed by his known supporter in that book. He responded favorably but also with a certain note of ambiguity. Later in this collection come three pieces from The Great Crash 1929 which was published in 1955 just after the twenty-fifth anniversary of that catastrophic event. It was a bestseller at the time; so it has remained to this day. Even now as we are launched in a new century there is inevitable unease about the future of the economy and therewith the stock market so a knowledge of what happened in 1929 is indeed still essential. There are other essays here which were similarly selected and thus selected themselves. The reader will I think have no trouble accepting their relevance either to history or to the present day and I have added some headnotes to suggest my view of their particular significance then and now. I end with a paper given at the London School of Economics in 1999 on the unfinished business of the millennium; this had the largest circulation both here in the United States and around the world of any lecture I have ever given. John Kenneth Galbraith March 2001 introduction If as Professor Galbraith says in the preface others are responsible for the contents of this book it is of primary interest to inquire why he himself eschews the credit. It has been widely believed that he is not a man for whom modesty is a familiar virtue so why does he find it necessary now to step back into the shadows? The answer seems to lie in the fact that what has been considered vanity could be better viewed as a deep sense of security. He is secure in his basic beliefs and secure that his readers for whom he has the deepest respect will be able to discern them. He is not given to self-analysis and so while he clearly understands what is the Essential Galbraith he prefers that others define it. It should first be noted that in the pages that follow readers will find John Kenneth Galbraith the economist and the writer with little trace of the diplomat the art historian the novelist the book reviewer the theater critic or even except in the last essay the lecturer. This is highly appropriate because economics has in fact been his chosen field and writing his obviously innate talent. He has always believed that economics should be studied not in the abstract or as a mathematical construct but as it affects the lives of men and women every day. He is not afraid to overturn or at least reexamine strongly held beliefs of earlier generations realizing that as technology communications and business change so too must the economist"s interpretation of them. He has brought to the subject a new way of looking at the role of the great corporations as they faced the countervailing power of trade unions and consumer coalitions. He has identified those who are the guiding intelligence of the corporate world naming them the technostructure and has undermined belief in what he calls the myth of consumer sovereignty. A better balance between public and private expenditures has been a recurring theme in his writing with its reminder that the affluence of our contemporary society should be made to extend to the poorest and most defenseless of our citizens. The uses of power and the persistence of financial euphoria in our public marketplace have consistently attracted his interest as have the problems of the developing countries notably India. Above all the constant thread through his work is his concern with how economics affects the quality of our daily lives and how it will change that of succeeding generations. These are some of the essentials of the Essential Galbraith but there are more. There is his continuing fondness for certain of his economic predecessors -- for the gift for language and the basic structure that Adam Smith gave to political economy for the irreverence and unique perception of Thorstein Veblen for the profound effect John Maynard Keynes and his General Theory of Employment Interest and Money had and continue to have on the economic world. Finally there is a writing style that illuminates and enhances all that is said: sardonic humor felicitous phrasing reasoned argument in reasonable words or as he would say clarity of thought reflected in clarity of prose. So how can the Essential Galbraith be defined? He is a committed liberal a compassionate optimist a cautious but firm iconoclast and a writer whose words can change the way the world looks at its problems. And none of that would he ever write about himself. Andrea D. Williams March 2001 The Essential Galbraith Countervailing Power [from American Capitalism] This is a chapter from one of my first books the generously titled American Capitalism which came out in 1952 barely into the second half of the last century. Then and for well over a hundred years before a near-sacred doctrine in the economic textbooks had been the beneficent regulatory role of competition. It was the competition of many sellers that protected the consumer and also the individually powerless wage earner from the full economic effects of monopoly. The preservation of competition through the antitrust laws -- the fabled Sherman Act in particular -- was a vital element of public policy going back to the latter part of the nineteenth century. Now as I argued in American Capitalism a new process was at work: trade unions a countering organizational force were the obvious response to the greater power of the big corporations. Similarly but less evidently when there was one expression of economic power -- such as the large producer of consumer staples -- another one developed in the form of the seller of those staples -- the A&P or the latter-day Wal-Mart. The numerous and technically competitive farmers found their best economic recourse in purchasing cooperatives when dealing with those who bought and bargained for their product. Thus the answer to monopoly was less and less the rule of law and more and more the coercion of countering bargaining power. Not exceptionally perhaps I carried this idea somewhat to the extreme but it did involve an impressive attack on established belief. A substantial number of economists greeted my thesis with interest and approval when it was published but a much larger number of defenders of the orthodox view were strongly at odds. At the annual meeting of the American Economic Association the most prestigious gathering of economists it was suggested by the head of the organization the distinguished Calvin Hoover of Duke University that there be a major reception for the book. This was quickly vetoed but a special meeting to discuss it was added to the program. At lunch that day I heard someone at the next table say "We must go now -- it"s time to hear them kill off Galbraith." It didn"t prove to be quite that bad; there was even some supporting comment. The concept of countervailing power was allowed to pass into economics and in a small way into public instruction. The book has been continuously in print ever since -- as I say a matter of almost fifty years. * * * * On the night of November 2 1907 J. P. Morgan the elder played solitaire in his library while panic gripped Wall Street. Then when the other bankers had divided up the cost of saving the tottering Trust Company of America he presided at the signing of the agreement authorized the purchase of the Tennessee Coal & Iron Company by the Steel Corporation to encourage the market cleared the transaction with President Roosevelt and the panic was over. There as legend has preserved and doubtless improved the story was a man with power a self-respecting man could fear. A mere two decades later in the crash of 1929 it was evident that the Wall Street bankers were as helpless as everyone else. Their effort to check the collapse in the market in the autumn of that year is now recalled as an amusing anecdote; the heads of the New York Stock Exchange and the National City Bank fell into the toils of the law and the first went to prison; the son of the Great Morgan went to a congressional hearing in Washington and acquired fame not for his authority but for his embarrassment when a circus midget was placed on his knee. As the banker as a symbol of economic power passed into the shadows his place was taken by the giant industrial corporation. The substitute was much more plausible. The association of power with the banker had always depended on the somewhat tenuous belief in a "money trust" -- on the notion that the means for financing the initiation and expansion of business enterprises was concentrated in the hands of a few men. The ancestry of this idea was in Marx"s doctrine of finance capital; it was not susceptible to statistical or other empirical verification at least in the United States. By contrast the fact that a substantial proportion of all production was concentrated in the hands of a relatively small number of huge firms was readily verified. That three or four giant firms in an industry might exercise power analogous to that of a monopoly and not different in consequences was an idea that had come to have the most respectable of ancestry in classical economics. So as the J. P. Morgan Company left the stage it was replaced by the two hundred largest corporations -- giant devils in company strength. Here was economic power identified by the greatest and most conservative tradition in economic theory. Here was power to control the prices the citizen paid the wages he received and which interposed the most formidable of obstacles of size and experience to the aspiring new firm. What more might it accomplish were it to turn its vast resources to corrupting politics and controlling access to public opinion? Yet as was so dramatically revealed to be the case with the omnipotence of the banker in 1929 there are considerable gaps between the myth and the fact. The comparative importance of a small number of great corporations in the American economy cannot be denied except by those who have a singular immunity to statistical evidence or a striking capacity to manipulate it. In principle the American is controlled livelihood and soul by the large corporation; in practice he or she seems not to be completely enslaved. Once again the danger is in the future; the present seems still tolerable. Once again there may be lessons from the present which if learned will save us in the future. ii As with social efficiency and its neglect of technical dynamics the paradox of the unexercised power of the large corporation begins with an important oversight in the underlying economic theory. In the competitive model -- the economy of many sellers each with a small share of the total market -- the restraint on the private exercise of economic power was provided by other firms on the same side of the market. It was the eagerness of competitors to sell not the complaints of buyers that saved the latter from spoliation. It was assumed no doubt accurately that the nineteenth-century textile manufacturer who overcharged for his product would promptly lose his market to another manufacturer who did not. If all manufacturers found themselves in a position where they could exploit a strong demand and mark up their prices accordingly there would soon be an inflow of new competitors. The resulting increase in supply would bring prices and profits back to normal. As with the seller who was tempted to use his economic power against the customer so with the buyer who was tempted to use it against his labor or suppliers. The man who paid less than the prevailing wage would lose his labor force to those who paid the worker his full (marginal) contribution to the earnings of the firm. In all cases the incentive to socially desirable behavior was provided by the competitor. It was to the same side of the market -- the restraint of sellers by other sellers and of buyers by other buyers in other words to competition -- that economists came to look for the self-regulatory mechanism of the economy. They also came to look to competition exclusively and in formal theory they still do. The notion that there might be another regulatory mechanism in the economy has been almost completely excluded from economic thought. Thus with the widespread disappearance of competition in its classical form and its replacement by the small group of firms if not in overt at least in conventional or tacit collusion it was easy to suppose that since competition had disappeared all effective restraint on private power had disappeared. Indeed this conclusion was all but inevitable if no search was made for other restraints and so complete was the preoccupation with competition that none was. In fact new restraints on private power did appear to replace competition. They were nurtured by the same process of concentration which impaired or destroyed competition. But they appeared not on the same side of the market but on the opposite side not with competitors but with customers or suppliers. It will be convenient to have a name for this counterpart of competition and I shall call it countervailing power.1 To begin with a broad and somewhat too dogmatically stated proposition private economic power is held in check by the countervailing power of those who are subject to it. The first begets the second. The long trend toward concentration of industrial enterprise in the hands of a relatively few firms has brought into existence not only strong sellers as economists have supposed but also strong buyers as they have failed to see. The two develop together not in precise step but in such manner that there can be no doubt that the one is in response to the other. The fact that a seller enjoys a measure of monopoly power and is reaping a measure of monopoly return as a result means that there is an inducement to those firms from whom he buys or those to whom he sells to develop the power with which they can defend themselves against exploitation. It means also that there is a reward to them in the form of a share of the gains of their opponents" market power if they are able to do so. In this way the existence of market power creates an incentive to the organization of another position of power that neutralizes it. The contention I am here making is a formidable one. It comes to this: competition which at least since the time of Adam Smith has been viewed as the autonomous regulator of economic activity and as the only available regulatory mechanism apart from the state has in fact been superseded. Not entirely to be sure. I should like to be explicit on this point. Competition still plays a role. There are still important markets where the power of the firm as say a seller is checked or circumscribed by those who provide a similar or a substitute product or service. This in the broadest sense that can be meaningful is the meaning of competition. The role of the buyer on the other side of such markets is essentially a passive one. It consists in looking for perhaps asking for and responding to the best bargain. The active restraint is provided by the competitor who offers or threatens to offer a better bargain. However this is not the only or even the typical restraint on the exercise of economic power. In the typical modern market of few sellers the active restraint is provided not by competitors but from the other side of the market by strong buyers. Given the convention against price competition it is the role of the competitor that becomes passive in these markets. It was always one of the basic presuppositions of competition that market power exercised in its absence would invite the competitors who would eliminate such exercise of power. The profits of a monopoly position inspired competitors to try for a share. In other words competition was regarded as a self-generating regulatory force. The doubt whether this was in fact so after a market had been pre-empted by a few large sellers after entry of new firms had become difficult and after existing firms had accepted a convention against price competition was what destroyed the faith in competition as a regulatory mechanism. Countervailing power is also a self-generating force and this is a matter of great importance. Something although not very much could be claimed for the regulatory role of the strong buyer in relation to the market power of sellers did it happen that as an accident of economic development such strong buyers were frequently juxtaposed to strong sellers. However the tendency of power to be organized in response to a given position of power is the vital characteristic of the phenomenon I am here identifying. As noted power on one side of a market creates both the need for and the prospect of reward to the exercise of countervailing power from the other side.2 This means that as a common rule we can rely on countervailing power to appear as a curb on economic power. There are also it should be added circumstances in which it does not appear or is effectively prevented from appearing. To these I shall return. For some reason critics of the theory have seized with particular avidity on these exceptions to deny the existence of the phenomenon itself. It is plain that by a similar line of argument one could deny the existence of competition by finding one monopoly. In the market of small numbers or oligopoly the practical barriers to entry and the convention against price competition have eliminated the self-generating capacity of competition. The self- generating tendency of countervailing power by contrast is readily assimilated to the common sense of the situation and its existence once we have learned to look for it is readily subject to empirical observation. Market power can be exercised by strong buyers against weak sellers as well as by strong sellers against weak buyers. In the competitive model competition acted as a restraint on both kinds of exercise of power. This is also the case with countervailing power. In turning to its practical manifestations it will be convenient in fact to begin with a case where it is exercised by weak sellers against strong buyers. iii The operation of countervailing power is to be seen with the greatest clarity in the labor market where it is also most fully developed. Because of his comparative immobility the individual worker has long been highly vulnerable to private economic power. The customer of any particular steel mill at the turn of the century could always take himself elsewhere if he felt he (there were few women) was being overcharged. Or he could exercise his sovereign privilege of not buying steel at all. The worker had no comparable freedom if he felt he was being underpaid. Normally he could not move and he had to have work. Not often has the power of one man over another been used more callously than in the American labor market after the rise of the large corporation. As late as the early twenties the steel industry worked a twelve-hour day and seventy-two-hour week with an incredible twenty-four-hour stint every fortnight when the shift changed. No such power is exercised today and for the reason that its earlier exercise stimulated the counteraction that brought it to an end. In the ultimate sense it was the power of the steel industry not the organizing abilities of John L. Lewis and Philip Murray that in years long past brought the United Steel Workers into being. The economic power that the worker faced in the sale of his labor -- the competition of many sellers dealing with few buyers -- made it necessary that he organize for his own protection. There were rewards to the power of the steel companies in which when he had successfully developed countervailing power he could share. As a general though not invariable rule one finds the strongest unions in the United States where markets are served by strong corporations those in the automobile steel electrical rubber farm-machinery and nonferrous-metal-mining and smelting industries. Not only has the strength of the corporations in these industries made it necessary for workers to develop the protection of countervailing power; it has provided unions with the opportunity for getting something more as well. If successful they could share in the fruits of the corporation"s market power. By contrast there has not been a single union of any consequence in American agriculture the country"s closest approach to the competitive model. The reason lies not in the difficulties in organization; these are considerable but greater difficulties in organization have been overcome. The reason is that the farmer has not possessed any power over his labor force and has not had any rewards from market power which it was worth the while of a union to seek. As an interesting verification of the point in California the large farmers have had considerable power vis-à-vis their labor force. Almost uniquely in the United States that state has been marked by persistent attempts at organization by farm workers. Elsewhere in industries which approach the competition of the model one typically finds weaker or less comprehensive unions. The textile industry3 boot and shoe manufacture lumbering and other forest industries in most parts of the country and smaller wholesale and retail enterprises are all cases in point. I do not of course advance the theory of countervailing power as a monolithic explanation of trade-union organization. No such complex social phenomenon is likely to have any single simple explanation. American trade unions developed in the face of the implacable hostility not alone of employers but often of the community as well. In this environment organization of the skilled crafts was much easier than the average which undoubtedly explains the earlier appearance of durable unions here. In the modern bituminous-coal-mining and more clearly in the clothing industries unions have another explanation. They have emerged as a supplement to the weak market position of the operators and manufacturers. They have assumed price- and market- regulating functions that are the normal functions of managements and on which the latter because of the competitive character of the industry have been forced to default. Nevertheless as an explanation of the incidence of trade-union strength in the American economy the theory of countervailing power clearly fits the broad contours of experience. There is I venture no other so satisfactory explanation of labor organization in the modern capitalist community and none which so sensibly integrates the union into the theory of that society. iv As observed the labor market serves admirably to illustrate the incentives to the development of countervailing power and it is of great importance in this market. However such development in response to positions of market power is pervasive in the economy. As a regulatory device one of its most important manifestations is in the relation of the large retailer to the firms from which it buys. The way in which countervailing power operates in these markets is worth examining in some detail. One of the seemingly harmless simplifications of formal economic theory has been the assumption that producers of consumers" goods sell their products directly to consumers. All business units are held for this reason to have broadly parallel interests. Each buys labor and materials combines them and passes the resulting product along to the public at prices that over some period of time maximize returns. It is recognized that this is indeed a simplification; courses in marketing in the universities deal with what is excluded by this assumption. Yet it has long been supposed that the assumption does no appreciable violence to reality. Did the real world correspond to the assumed one the lot of the consumer would be an unhappy one. In fact goods pass to consumers by way of retailers and other intermediaries and this is a circumstance of first importance. Retailers are required by their situation to develop countervailing power on the consumer"s behalf. As has been frequently noted retailing remains one of the industries to which entry is characteristically free. It takes small capital and no very rare talent to set up as a seller of goods. Through history there has always been an ample supply of men with both money and ability and with access to something to sell. The small man can provide convenience and intimacy of service and can give an attention to detail all of which allow him to coexist with larger competitors. The advantage of the larger competitor ordinarily lies in its lower prices. It lives constantly under the threat of an erosion of its business by the more rapid growth of rivals and by the appearance of new firms. This loss of volume in turn destroys the chance for the lower costs and lower prices on which the firm depends. This means that the larger retailer is extraordinarily sensitive to higher prices charged by its suppliers. It means also that it is strongly rewarded if it can develop the market power which permits it to force lower prices. The opportunity to exercise such power exists only when the suppliers are enjoying something that can be taken away i.e. when they are enjoying the fruits of market power from which they can be separated. Thus as in the labor market we find the mass retailer from a position across the market with both a protective and a profit incentive to develop countervailing power when the firm with which it is doing business is in possession of market power. Critics have suggested that these are possibly important but certainly disparate phenomena. This may be so but only if all similarity between social phenomena be denied. In the present instance the market context is the same. The motivating incentives are identical. The fact that there are characteristics in common has been what has caused people to call competition competition when they encountered it say in agriculture and then again in the laundry business. Countervailing power in the retail business is identified with the large and powerful retail enterprises. Its practical manifestation over the last half-century has been the rise of the food chains the variety chains the mail-order houses (now graduated into chain stores) the department-store chains and the cooperative buying organizations of the surviving independent department and food stores. The buyers of all the great retail firms deal directly with the manufacturer and there are few of the latter who in setting prices do not have to reckon with the attitude and reaction of their powerful customers. The retail buyers have a variety of weapons at their disposal to use against the market power of their suppliers. Their ultimate sanction is to develop their own source of supply as the food chains Sears and many others have extensively done. They can also concentrate their entire patronage on a single supplier and in return for a lower price give him security in his volume and relieve him of selling and advertising costs. This policy has been widely followed and there have also been numerous complaints of the leverage it gives the retailer on his source of supply. The more commonplace but more important tactic in the exercise of countervailing power consists merely in keeping the seller in a state of uncertainty as to the intentions of a buyer who is indispensable to him. The larger of the retail buying organizations place orders around which the production schedules and occasionally the investment of even the largest manufacturers become organized. A shift in this custom imposes prompt and heavy loss. The threat or even the fear of this sanction is enough to cause the supplier to surrender some or all of the rewards of its market power. It must frequently in addition make a partial surrender to less potent buyers if it is not to be more than ever in the power of its large customers. It will be clear that in this operation there are rare opportunities for playing one supplier off against another. A measure of the importance which large retailing organizations attach to the deployment of their countervailing power is the prestige they accord to their buyers. These men (and some women) are the key employees of the modern large retail organization; they are highly paid and they are among the most intelligent and resourceful people to be found anywhere in business. In the everyday course of business they may be considerably better known and command rather more respect than the salesmen from whom they buy. This is a not unimportant index of the power they wield. There are producers of consumers" goods who have protected themselves from the exercise of countervailing power. Some like those in the automobile and the oil industries have done so by integrating their distribution through to the consumer -- a strategy which attests to the importance of the use of countervailing power by retailers. Others have found it possible to maintain dominance over an organization of small and dependent and therefore fairly powerless dealers. v There is an old saying or should be that it is a wise economist who recognizes the scope of his own generalizations. It is now time to consider the limits in place and time on the operations of countervailing power. A study of the instances where countervailing power fails to function is not without advantage in showing its achievements in the decisively important areas where it does operate. Some industries because they are integrated through to the consumer or because their product passes through a dependent dealer organization have not been faced with countervailing power. There are a few cases where a very strong market position has proven impregnable even against the attacks of strong buyers. And there are cases where the dangers from countervailing power have apparently been recognized and where it has been successfully resisted. An example of successful resistance to countervailing power is the residential-building industry. No segment of American capitalism evokes less pride. Yet anyone approaching the industry with the preconceptions of competition in mind is unlikely to see very accurately the reasons for its shortcomings. There are many thousands of individual firms in the business of building houses. Nearly all are small. The members of the industry oppose little market power to the would-be house owner. Except in times of extremely high building activity there is aggressive competition for business. The industry does show many detailed manifestations of guild restraint. Builders are frequently in alliance with each other unions and local politicians to protect prices and wages and to maintain established building traditions. These derelictions have been seized upon avidly by the critics of the industry. Since they represent its
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Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyze the fragility of the
New Member States and accession countries in the Central Eastern and South
Eastern European countries (henceforth Eastern Europe) to the turbulences
in the global economy and the changes in the direction of the international
capital flows.
JEL-Codes: E12; G15; G32; O52; (follow links to similar papers)
September 2007
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Even though I've been out of high school for nearly three years, I sometimes re-watch this Youtube video of SVHS to remind myself that I'm lucky to have gotten out. Though I'm among the small percentage of people who loved high school, I didn't love that my town was constantly under scrutiny for being small and full of bad capitalists.
Then UCLA sophomore and SVHS graduate, Drew Mylrea posed as a student from Pomona High School and interviewed five other SVHS students, all of which claimed to be conservative. They weren't the types of conservatives I'd associate with, however. When asked about John Kerry, they could only call him names and describe him with slanderous language.
These students are entitled to far right-wing beliefs, but they didn't seem well-informed on any political issues they were asked about. Therein lies the problem. I'm not sure how Mylrea selected this group to talk to, but these people are not representative of the SVHS population, as much as some students would like to believe that Scotts Valley is made up of only rich, spoiled, racist children.
Santa Cruz is just a ten minute drive away from Scotts Valley, so anyone with unrepentant conservative beliefs will not necessarily be thought highly of. The old Scotts Valley Republican Town Center, which was recently shut down, was vandalized during the 2004 presidential election when someone threw a rock through the window.
This depiction does not give the world an accurate picture of what SVHS is like, nor does it give insight into the minds of thoughtful Republican teenagers. The girl, who appears after four minutes of the video, used to swear at our math teacher and then tell me that I was the only person in the entire classroom that she didn't hate. If you can believe it, this girl was one of the most compassionate people I ever met at the high school, so even though she comes off as a selfish conservative, she does care about other people, and I'm certain that some of her insane dialogue was only meant to shock people. The same can probably be said for the others interviewed. Some students just don't know how to correctly express themselves. I'd say this is a typical character flaw of high school students.


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Trinity Valley Community College paramedic training
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Get the facts about Trinity Valley Community College paramedic training, and registering for elective lectures. Which college degrees give you the best chances of finding employment after graduation? Whether you are considering an associates degree (CNA, LVN, or LPN), or a bachelor of science in nursing (RN), you will find many doors opening after graduation. Concentrating on Trinity Valley Community College paramedic training, for example, you may gain an advantage in job recruiting on-campus. Check with the paramedic department for course registration deadlines, and paramedic training program requirements. Please use the form above to request admissions info for Trinity Valley Community College.
Paramedics, in comparison with EMT techs, have more advanced training. They first must complete both the EMT and Advanced EMT levels of instruction, such as earning CPR certification, along with expanded practice in advanced medical techniques. Colleges and technical schools may offer programs which require about 1,200 hours to complete, leading to either an associates or bachelors degree. All states require both EMTs and paramedics to be licensed.
The National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT) certifis EMTs and paramedics. Finally, most EMTs and paramedics take a course ensuring that they are able to drive a ambulance, as well as administer cardiopulmonary resuscitation. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment of emergency medical technicians (EMT) and paramedics is projected to grow 25 percent in the coming decade, much faster than average. The average annual wage for EMTs and paramedics was $31,980 in May 2017. Beyond major requirements within the paramedic department, you may consider Chaffey Community College dentistry program as a complementary elective to your primary course of study.
REGISTERED NURSE (University Hospital-6D, Critical Care Medicine Unit)
University of Michigan
Salary & Nursing Framework Level. This posting replaces #124018 Nursing Specific Info. Nursing Framework levels range from Level A to Level E.
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Western New Mexico University job salaries
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Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Learn about Western New Mexico University job salaries, and registering for elective lectures. Which college degrees give you the best chances of finding employment after graduation? There are a variety of accredited business programs that may appeal to you. Advertising, accounting, human resources, and business management are just a few options. Concentrating on Western New Mexico University job salaries, for example, you may gain an advantage in corporate recruiting being done on-campus. Check with the workforce development department for course registration deadlines, and career training program requirements. Please use the form above to request admissions info for Western New Mexico University.
As the economy improves, many firms are beginning to hire. Companies are in need of candidates that can fill a particular job position, so set up an introductory meeting to ask questions about the firm's history, and current business opportunities. Review your prior work experiences, internships, volunteer experience, interests and hobbies. For each item on your list, identify the skills and knowledge you developed, because many skills are transferable to the job you're applying for.
Before a first interview, analyze the open position that you are applying for. Review the job description carefully, and highlight both the employment qualifications and job responsibilities. At the same time, learn as much as you can about the company's mission, corporate services, product lists, and main competitors. Start your research on the company's website, then do an article search on Google, and attend career information sessions and job fairs that are held on campus. Beyond major requirements within the workforce development department, you may consider University of Kentucky reports as a complementary elective to your primary course of study.
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text: Kerrachus is a dockworker hired to unload wares from galleys. In his dialogue, he explains that the world in which the game takes place is round as well as the existence of Maztica. Retrieved from "http://baldursgate.wikia.com/wiki/Kerrachus?oldid=69071" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Creatures Humans Baldur's Gate City NPCs Add category Cancel Save


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Knowle Hospital Cemetery Acquisition Summary
Summary of Acquisitions
The cemetery was created in four stages:
1 rood 23.5 perches (1920 square yards) 0.396 acre
2 roods (2420 square yards) 0.5 acre
1 rood 20 perches (1815 square yards) 0.375 acre
3 roods (3630 square yards) 0.75 acre
Total 2.021 acres
In an area of just over 2 acres, in the space of 111 years, 5,578 people were buried.
The area shaded in red on this photograph shows the approximate area enclosed by the fence that protects the cemetery today. The blue line on the photograph is the access road which runs south from Wickham. The road is called Mayles Lane.


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At M&S Carpet and Flooring we have been supplying quality Karndean in Surrey to residential and commercial customers for over 20 years. We pride ourselves on offering the most competitive prices and providing a fitting service that is second to none.
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Approx 40" (HV044)
Measurements: 31/21/17


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To Luke's surprise Sylar just sighed and started the car. "What is it with you and Christmas? We don't even have anywhere to put it."
"I know. Never stop long enough. Always on the run." He reached across despite his better judgement and used his one Get Away With A Telling Off card for the week to squeeze Sylar's leg. "Doesn't mean we don't have to make the effort."
A grunt from Sylar told him that the conversation was done, and that Luke could have what he wanted. Luke gave a smirk. A tiny victory for sentimentality, but a victory none the less.


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Since medical assistants are one of the fastest growing jobs in North America, it is worth investigating how much money you could actually make if you were to enter one of these positions. Fortunately, certified medical assistants are very well paid, much better than typical administrative assistants. In this article, I will discuss the different salary ranges you can expect to find, depending on what location you choose to work in, what kind of medicine you will be assisting with, and how much experience you have in your profession.
Let's just start with the basics. The average medical assistant salary in 2010 in the United States was $30,709. This includes all certified medical assistants from all regions for all specialties and at all levels of experience. Note that it does not include any non-certified people who refer to themselves as medical assistants, only those who have gone through a certification process. Non-certified medical assistants can expect pay scales that are lower.
Geography is one important factor in the salary that you can expect to make as a medical assistant. The Pacific states, including Alaska and Hawaii, have the highest medical assistant salary, with an average of $34,136, over ten percent above the national average. The Northern Atlantic States of Pennsylvania, New York and New Jersey are a close second, providing an average salary of $33,308, less than $1000 less.
The lowest-paying states are the southern states, running from Texas to Atlantic states all the way up to Maryland. The salaries there range from $28,694 to $29,914. East North Central states like Michigan and Ohio are similarly low, at $29,135. Though lower than the national average, these salaries are not substantially below that average. Instead, there are a few higher paying areas of the United States and many other areas that are either average or slightly below average. The remaining regions, such as New England and the Midwest are almost exactly at the national average.
What makes as much of a difference as geography is the kind of work setting that a certified medical assistant enters. Doctor's offices pay slightly below the average, at $30,425. Wages are highest in emergency and outpatient hospital departments, providing an average salary of $34,110. In general, the more specialized the work and the less attractive the hours, the higher the salary for a certified medical assistant will be.
Finally, experience will affect the salary that you can expect as a certified medical assistant. Entry-level positions have lower salaries, in part because the first year or two includes a lot of on-the-job training. For an entry-level position, you can expect an average salary of $25,304, dependent again on geography and on specialty. However, this goes up fairly quickly, reaching the average medical assistant salary after about six years of experience. Senior certified medical assistants who have sixteen or more years of experience make on average $35,862.
There is one more thing to note about a medical assistant salary. Most medical assistants are paid by the hour, rather than as a wage. While this may sound like a downside, it need not be. It allows for the possibility of overtime pay, especially in hospital settings. In fact, overtime is one of the main reasons why medical assistants who work irregular hours are generally paid more than those who do not.


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Favorite Tv Show: Little People NY
Please pay attention to this cab... it will be pretty useful. I didn't think I'd really get into this show, but it's really interesting! I love to see into the lives and lifestyles of others, and this is one life I know very little about. I know people make jokes, because I'm only 5ft2, but Little People really have great stories to tell!
Last night's episode featured a little spitfire named Jordanna (3rd from the left), a frenemy named Misty (4th from the left) and a Drama Queen named Jason (not-pictured). I was appalled at the behavior Jason exhibited last night. Jordanna offended him by telling him not to be a coward & embarrassing him in front of the group, when he mentioned he had changed his mind about moving out of his parents'. I don't think that was her intention, but he was embarrassed, nonetheless. He had gathered Jordanna & Kristin (First from the right) together to sort of "soften the blow" when he was going to tell his parents he was moving out. Dude is 27yrs old, but due to his Filipino customs, 'children' don't move out until they're married.
[Sidenote:] I think the real issue,here, is that he's not ready to "come out" as gay. Even his close friends "aren't sure" what his sexual preference is [Really, Jason???] -- although I'm pretty sure they all assume he's gay. If he won't come out, fine, I'll say it for him... Jason...honey... You're gay. So, you see why this "getting married (traditionally, I assume) would be a dilemma for him? Even if he wasn't gay (which more than likely, he is) getting to know someone & having privacy as adults would be tough. However, this is New York, and it's a lot more acceptable to live with your family or have roomates because of high rent.... Which brings us back to the gay thing... anyway- back to my story.
Jason felt embarrassed that Jordanna told him not to be a coward and renege on moving out, after she & Kristin had to sit through this big emotional ordeal at his parents' house, regarding his moving out (but not coming out, lol). Jordanna grew up with several (straight) brothers, so clearly this might have been the language she spoke to them, but it was obviously the wrong dialogue to have with Jason.
So, instead of confronting Jordanna about her words he tried to build an army against her. At first, he tried Lila (second from Right) but Lila is a bit of a space cadet and really wasn't trying to take sides, when she had her own problems with Dawn (first on the left) and also with her sobriety. Gathering no allies there, he decides to take another situation between Misty & Jordanna and feed off of Misty's jealousy. So, he squanders every opportunity to talk to Jordanna like a man and instead, decides to gas Misty up, so that she's the one that goes off on Jordanna (because her own jealousy).
I despise people who cause problems because they can't face their own, which is exactly what Jason did. The entire episode he went around the group trying to gain co-signers against Jordanna, but because his petty little rift wasn't strong enough, compared to what they had going on, he took it upon himself to add fuel to an existing fire, rather to come out guns blazing on this own behalf. Finally, though, Jason found his "Patsy" to forge the front lines and get the argument going. He started talking to her about all the opportunities she was going to lose out to Jordanna, and that this wouldn't be the last... and "Oh, she's also going to Paris! She stole your trip!" (Misty & Jordanna's dispute was over a Fashion Show) -- It was so clear to me what he was doing, and his actions screamed nothing but deplorable coward! Jealousy is an evil thing...
Favorite Social Gripe: Body Shaming
I believe that body shaming has become such a terrible epidemic...however... it's not a new epidemic. Because of social media, it has become more hurtful & prevalent, but it is not new. I'm sure some folks might be offended by things I'm going to talk about, but in 2015, who doesn't get offended? (That's another topic of discussion).
No- I don't approve or condone body shaming... however it irritates me so much when people all the sudden want to feel butt-hurt about it, now that some folks are actually saying [out loud *gasp!*] that they actually prefer curvy, thick or big people. Really? Oh, so you don't like it when people criticize your body or make assumptions about your lifestyle...oh....As if it hasn't happened daily for decades. I just think that they are just getting a tiny taste of what "curvy---thick--chubby--obese" people have gotten all their lives.. and you know what... Skinny people don't like it either! I think, bottomline is body shaming sucks. You see all the time when people ask this question:
"If it's not ok to Fat-shame, why is it ok to Skinny Shame???"
The answer is, "Because people have not stopped fat shaming... " It's a "Chicken or the Egg" kind of thing we've got going on here. Both are wrong and both will continue as long as we're a self-absorbed society looking to gauge our personal self esteems based on how many people we think are beneath us. You'd think that the body shaming all together would decrease, as a result of folks finally getting a taste of their own medicine. But No. It just becomes an increasingly nasty debate (usually online) between folks who are considered overweight or waif-like & everyone else. It's so petty, really. And the realization I came to the other day, (while doing my second leg of my hour on the Elliptical...) is that, it's usually one main group of Gym Posers who actually are the main culprits in body shaming. If they knew the real struggles about weight, maybe they wouldn't be so quick to judge or criticize. I wrote about this in "Diary of a Phoenix" (My weight loss journal, that you'll never get your eyes one, lol) and I pegged it down to 4 types of folks:
The Gym Nemesis is the person who hasn't darkened the doorway of a gym (or worked out) in years...probably since they stopped requiring students to take "gym class". These folks may or may not have been fat all their lives, but they've given up, somewhere. They may have obtained a husband, kids, money, friends, or even just decided to 'settle' for the way their lives are. They are living the dream and don't really care about losing weight because they feel they have it all, despite their size. There are a lot of excuse makers in this group, as well. This group might have the most amount of actual Skinny-Shamers. They might feel comfortable or content in their size, but still have a vendetta against skinny or even 'Fit' people they feel need to be knocked down a peg or too... or tied to a stake in the grass, so they don't blow away... (ha ha-- Ok, fine... I'm not shaming, just joking).
The aforementioned "Gym Posers" are THE WORST, though... These folks are people who don't actually go to the gym, work out, or try to live a healthy life-- but feel they are justified in fat shaming people, or accuse others of skinny-shaming. These folks have hit the genetic lottery by never having to suffer through weight problems (either being too fat or too skinny). They are naturally thin or naturally "average". They might go to the gym 2-4 times a month (not enough time for an actual effective plan for either weight loss or gain). This person hides behind the fact that they don't really have to do the work, because they physically blend into society. They might even be more unhealthy than someone like, say, an overweight Gym Hater, who at least tries...These guys are the biggest hypocrites. They have no idea what it's like, yet feel they can judge and shame based on what they assume.
I'm sure there are other Body Shamers from all categories... Gym Nemesis people who don't want to take responsibility for their physical state, or don't feel they should have to constantly defend it... or Gym Rat people who love working out who don't want to be criticized for their chosen lifestyle, because others are too lazy to keep up-- and are maybe just now realizing, "Hey, it does kind of suck to be told that you don't have the 'preferred' body type...
Everyone wants to be accepted, period. No one wants to be told that they aren't desirable (even if they aren't to you) and have judgments made about their lives (that may or may not be true) when you don't personally know them or their struggle. And out of anyone, the Gym Poser is the last person that has any right to speak on anything, because they haven't experienced the struggle and also haven't put in any work to maintain their figure. I'm so annoyed that people can't just be encouraging to others, in general. If a person could use meat on their bones, they probably try to compensate other ways... If they could lose weight, trust me, they probably beat themselves up about it more times a day than you might in a lifetime. And in general... people just need to chill out. After all, you saying something nasty to someone about their weight or giving unsolicited advice might be thing that keeps them imprisoned for a long time.
(Please Excuse Language)
For me, it was extended relatives always talking about my weight, then when I finally did do something about it, telling me [unsolicited] that I was "Slimming down, but not thin, yet"-- when I had worked really hard, at the time. I actually enjoyed working out, and really only had a few more pounds to go. But the problem was, I thought I looked great; I was working out all the time, and felt like I was really changing things. I actually did have the best figure I've ever had. Looking at the exact day, and knowing the years since, that I've fought this battle, is staggering.
What he said may have been trivial, but at the time all I could hear was "you're not good enough, doesn't matter how hard or what kind of effort you've put in, you don't measure up to where I think you should be..." I had lost 35-40lbs at the time, and it still "wasn't good enough"... I was in single digit clothes... "Still not good enough"... After that I developed a temporary eating disorder for a few months, until it was too painful, I didn't go that extra mile anymore. I was on dance team, which kept me "average"-- but Of course, feeling like a whale most of my life, I didn't even appreciate it then, because I didn't know how good I actually looked.
(Here's a pic of me (blue striped shirt) of the day I was criticized... It's Blurry, because I couldn't scan it in, but it was me the most physically fit I had been in a long time... I didn't get to appreciate it, because I still felt huge. Sad...)
I have a much thicker skin now, but at 14 or 15 yrs old, you don't really know how to deal with loved ones basically making you feel like you're not worthy to be loved by them, if you don't lose weight... and still at 34yrs old, it creeps up, because I haven't accomplished it, yet. You get angry at the fact that now it has manifested into a problem & It's harder than it would've been had I been encouraged to keep going. There's no reason to make things ten times harder for someone else.... especially if it's someone you say you love and ESPECIALLY if you don't even know that person... Words can be the most damaging weapon or the most strengthening tool...It's' all in how you use them.
Ok- that's it! Comment Below, if you Like!! :)


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Cheap specular lighting
Just the other day I read an interesting presentation from Midway, documenting their work on "Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe". In it, they describe the various rendering tricks and engine changes they used to get Unreal Engine 3 running at 60Hz. One such trick that peaked my interest was how they approximate specular lighting.
Basically, they just treat the eye vector like a directional light, and use it to calculate lighting like normal. Then, they multiply the result by the current ambient color/intensity. This approach gives them specular highlights that are cheap, always visible, and look like they are influenced by the environment.
This is especially convenient because the equation reuses calculations from other parts of the shader. It uses NdotE that was calculated for rim-lighting, and ambient lighting calculated from SH. So it produces a passable approximation to specular lighting that fits in well with environment lighting, and doesn't require having actual lights present.


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Football was one of the biggest things in both Tobin's and Christen's lives, it brought them together as teammates and kept then together as friends. But much like the game itself, things change between the two. Whether that's a good thing or not, well, that's up to them.
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Let's face the truth! Breasts play a major role in the physical appearance of women and that this... ...
Dr. Geok Puan Tan
Curriculum Vitae
MBBS (Malaya), FRCS (Edinburgh)
Consultant Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon
Dr. Tan, Sunway Medical Centre
Dr. Tan is a board certified surgeon specialises in all aspects of plastic surgery and reconstructive surgery. A member of the Malaysian Association of Plastic, Aesthetic and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Dr. Tan is a highly dedicated surgeon with over 15 years experience in plastic surgery.
He received his medical education from University of Malaya, awarded with Bachelor of Medicine & Surgery in 1985, and obtained Fellowship at Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh in 1991. Dr. Tan regularly attends medical conferences and contributes regularly to medical presentations and publications.
M.B.B.S ( Malaya)
Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya – 1985
Fellow of The Royal College of Surgeons
Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh – 1990
Advanced surgical training in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide, Australia Feb 1993 – 1994
Board Certification in Plastic, Aesthetic and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery
Board of Plastic Surgery Malaysian Association of Plastic, Aesthetic and
Craniomaxillofacial Surgery (MAPACS) – 2008
1. Malaysian Medical Association
2. Malaysian Association of Plastic, Aesthetic and Craniomaxillofacial Surgeons
3. Academy of Medicine, Malaysia
4. Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh
5. The Oriental Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
6. International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
Consultant Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon
Sunway Medical Centre
2000 – Present
Consultant Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon
Gleneagles Intan Medical Centre
2000 – 2005
Consultant Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon
Pantai Cheras Medical Centre
2000 – 2005
Consultant and Head of Department
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Sultanah Aminah Hospital
1995 – 2000
Consultant Plastic Surgeon
Kuala Terengganu Hospital
1994 – 1995
Clinical Specialist
Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery
Kuala Terengganu Hospital 1994
Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery
Royal Adelaide Hospital &Women& Children's Adelaide Hospital 1993 – 1994
Clinical Specialist
Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery
General Hospital Kuala Lumpur 1992 – 1993
General Surgeon
Kajang District Hospital 1991 – 1992
Clinical Specialist
Department of General Surgery
General Hospital
Kuala Lumpur 1990 – 1991
Medical Officer
Surgical Rotation
Kuala Terengganu Hospital 1987 – 1990
Medical Officer
Malacca Hospital
1986 – 1987
House Officer (Internship)
Malacca Hospital
1985 – 1986
- Pre-Congress Microvascular Workshop
IV ASEAN Congress of Plastic Surgery
4-8 March, 1988
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- 7th Congress Asian Surgical Association
19-23 February 1989
Penang, Malaysia
- 23rd Malaysia-Singapore Congress of Medicine
5-8th October 1989
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- 1st workshop on Mechanical Stapling In Surgery
21-22 June 1990
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Laparoscopic Laser Cholecystectomy Course
26-27 April 1991
Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
- The Postgraduate Course in Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Imaging
17-19 July 1991
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Silver Jubilee Malaysia-Singapore Congress of Medicine
2-6 October 1991
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- 7th International Congress on Cleft Palate & Related Craniofacial Anomalies
31 Oct- 5 Nov 1993
Queensland, Australia
- Study days on Maxillofacial Surgery
14-15 May 1994
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Advanced Burns Life Support
13 September, 1994
Darwin, Australia
- 2nd Malaysian Conference on Surgery &Rehabilitation of the Hand
15-19 March 1995
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- 12th Symposium of the International Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery
6-10 February 1996
- Course in cutaneous laser surgery
23 June, 1996
Kuala Lumpur.
- Advancement & Techniques of internal fixation in Maxillofacial surgery
2-3 April, 1996
Kuala Lumpur
- International Symposium on Recent Advances in Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery
28 Nov- 1 Dec 1996
Taipei, Taiwan
- Fifth International Congress of Oriental Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
2-5 December 1996
Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Surgeons, Malaysia
9-10 May 1997
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Fourth Joint Update on Reconstructive Microsurgery
1-2 August 1997
- 8th International Congress On Cleft Palate & Related Craniofacial Anomalies
7-12 September 1997
- IX ASEAN CONGRESS of Plastic Surgery
25 Feb – 1 Mar 1998
Penang, Malaysia
- IX ASEAN CONGRESS of Plastic Surgery
Instructional Courses (Craniomaxillofacial surgery, Blepharoplasty, Post-mastectomy reconstruction, Rhytidectomy)
25 Feb – 1 Mar 1998
Penang, Malaysia
- 6th International Congress of Oriental Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
6-9 December 1998
Hong Kong
- Malaysian Association Of Plastic Surgeons ASM
31 Mar – 2 Apr 2000
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- First Malaysian Cleft Training Program
24-28 April, 2000
Hospital Pulau Pinang
- 8th Asian Pacific Congress of International Confederation for Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery
1-4 April 2001
Taipei, Taiwan
- 11th ASEAN Congress of Plastic Surgery
30 Jan- 2 Feb 2002
- The Second International Workshop on Surgical Techniques in Cleft Lip &Palate
July 4-6, 2002
Taipei, Taiwan
- 1st Craniomaxillofacial AO Symposium Orbital Surgery
5-6 November 2004
- MAPACS Annual Scientific Meeting/AGM 2005
1-3 April 2005
Penang Hospital , Malaysia
- College of Surgeons
Academy of Medicine of Malaysia
Annual Scientific Meeting/AGM 2005
23-25 June 2006
Malacca , Malaysia
- MAPACS Annual Scientific Meeting/AGM 2006
24-26 March 2006
Pantai Medical Centre Kuala Lumpur
- The Aesthetic Meeting 2007
The American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, Inc
Javits Convention Center
April 19-24, 2007
New York , New York
- International Master Course on Aging Skin, IMCAS 2007
16-17 July, 2007
Bangkok , Thailand
- MAPACS Annual Scientific Meeting 2008M
27-29 March 2008
Langkawi , Malaysia
- Workshop on Sutures, Suturing and Anastomotic Techniques Facilitator
27-29 October 1997
Johor Baru, Malaysia
- Workshop on Post Mastectomy Reconstruction
In conjunction with the Annual Scientific Meeting, MAPACS
- Chairman organizing committe
15-17 March 2002
Sunway Medical Centre
Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- 14th Biennial Congress of the Asian Surgical Association
in conjunction with the Annual Scientific Meeting of the College of Surgeons,
Academy of Medicine of Malaysia
- Publications Chairman
4-6 December 2003
Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- The Single Stage Breast Reconstruction Workshop with Becker
Expander Implant Organising Chairman
19 August 2006
Assoc Prof Dr. Marianne Beausang-Linder
Assoc Professor in Plastic Surgery
Karolinska Institute, Sweden
Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
1. GP Tan, RRNaidu . 'Retrospective study of congenital diaphragmatic hernia that presented at the Kuala Terengganu Hospital between June 1981 and June 1988′ VII Congress, Asian Surgical Association Penang, Malaysia February, 1988
2. GP Tan. 'Cleft palate repair' College of Surgeons, Academy of Medicine of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, May, 1997
3. N.Azlin, GP Tan. on ' Options in Lower limb reconstruction' First Annual Scientific Meeting, Johor, February, 1999
4. GP Tan. 'Distal Based Superficial Sural Island Flap in Foot Reconstruction' Second Annual Scientific Meeting, Malaysian Association of Plastic Surgeons, Kuala Lumpur, April 1999
5. SK Lee, GP Tan. 'Traumatic foot reconstruction' Scientific Meeting, Academy of Medicine of Malaysia, Johor Bahru, May 2000
6. GP Tan " The good, the bad and the ugly of aesthetic medicine"
Topic: 'Implants: Threads and needles"
The Private Medical Practitioners Association of Selangor and Kuala Lumpur
Annual Scientific Meeting
28-29 April 2008
Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
1. Aesthetic treatment with radiofrequency technique
15 – 16th October 2004
Kasemrad Aesthetic Center
Kasemrad Hospital, Prachacheun
2. Thermage Procedure by Thermage, Inc
21 December 2006
Sunway Medical Centre
Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
3. Trainer for Bio-alcamid 30 April 2006
International Medi-Aesthetics Centre
4. Train the trainer workshop (S.E.A) with Bioalcamid
10 December 2007by Parvus, Polymekon Research and Ascente Medical Corporation
Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
5. Breast Augmentation & Reconstruction
1 March 2008with Mentor Cohesive Gel Implants
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Sunway Medical Centre


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Religious Family Christmas Party Ideas
Remember the true reason behind the season by hosing an annual party with these religious family Christmas party ideas.
A family Christmas party can be large or small, but no matter the size of your family, everyone will be rejoicing the birth of the Savior together.
Be sure to invite extended family members, as well as, friends to celebrate the Christmas season, which is a sacred Holiday for all Christians.
Since Christmas is one time of the year many family members get together, keeping the party activities should be kept to a minimum, so everyone can talk.
Printable Christian Christmas Party Invitation
Invite family, and friends, to an annual Christmas party with these printable invitations. Christmas party invitation has a graphic of the baby Jesus and also printed with this sentiment: Joy to the World, plus the specific party details.
Family Christian Christmas Party Ideas
One idea for a religious Christmas party is to encourage everyone to wear a costume! No matter what age family members are, have everyone join in the fun by slipping on a favorite Nativity character costume.
2 Adults Dressed up In Mary & Joseph Costumes
Costume photo by The Dress Up Place.
Adult Christmas Shepherd Costumes
Adult Christmas Wise Men Costumes
Youth Christian Christmas Party Giveaways
Youth Guys Dressed up as 3 Wise Men Costumes
Nativity costume photo by The Dress Up Place.
Wise Men Still Seek Him Key Chain 12-Pack
Religious Christmas key chain printed with a graphic of the 3 Wise Men following the star and printed with this sentiment: Wise Men Still Seek Him.
Wise Men Christmas Star Ornaments
Christmas star ornaments come on a beautiful card with an illustration of the Three Wise Men and printed with this lovely quote:
A star in the sky,
so bright and light,
over the land was
quite the sight.
It led the way for
the wise men three,
to the child of God,
who would set men free.
48 Jesus Is the Reason Magnets
Set of 48 Christmas magnets printed with this sentiment: Jesus is Reason for the Season.
Nativity Worry Stones
These worry stones have a Nativity silhouette design and make wonderful Christmas giveaways.
Adult Christian Christmas Giveaways
Christian Pocket Calendar Bundle 48-Pack
2017-2018 two-year religious pocket planners make great Christmas party favors.
48 Christian Christmas Ornament Gifts
Bundle of 48 religious Christmas ornaments will be a great gift idea for most ages and come in four designs.
I Believe in Christmas Buttons 48-Pack
Christmas buttons for everyone attending the celebration! Set of 48 buttons have Christmas icons, as well as, the quote: I Believe.
Christmas Quotes Tote Bags 12-Pack
Reusable, Christmas shopping tote bags are printed with religious sentiments and Bible quotes.
Family Christian Christmas Party Crafts
Coloring Christmas fun for adults, as well as, children! Everyone attending the Christmas party can color these Nativity bookmarks, and ornaments, using colored pencils or crayons.
Adult Color a Nativity Bookmark Craft 12-Pack
Christian adult Nativity scene bookmarks to color in! Bookmarks have outlines of religious Christmas scenes, as well as, Christian sentiments
Color a Religious Christmas Ornaments
Easy Christmas ornament craft for all ages. These Christmas ornaments can really be displayed on a tree.
Family Christmas Party Ideas Decorations
Religious Christmas Scene Prop
Easy Christmas stand printed with the Nativity scene and measures a big 46 inches by 57 inches.
Jesus Is the Reason For the Season Flag
Display this Christmas flag indoors, or outdoors. Flag has a wonderful cross with the baby Jesus in the manger scene and also this quote:
Jesus is the Reason for the Season.
Religious Christmas Card Bundles
Mini Christmas Miracle Pass-On Cards 25-Pack
Set of 25 pass-out mini Christmas cards with a Nativity scene design, as well as, this quote:
May the miracle of Christmas always be in your heart.
24 Religious Christmas Cards
24 assorted religious Christmas greeting cards with a variety of graphics come in styles one just right for any age!
Christian Christmas Party Supplies
Joy to the World Christmas Napkins
Package of 20 modern Christmas party napkins with a chalkboard design and printed with the quote: Joy to the World.
Religious Christmas Tree Party Supplies
Classic Christmas tree party theme in a variety of supplies will serve guest's in style. Christmas tree party supplies will match many other items with the red border, as well as, the green, and gold colors.
Religious Family Christmas Party Ideas Games
Printable Nativity Party Crossword Puzzle & Word Search Games
Set of 2 printable religious Christmas games for adults and children to enjoy. Religious Christmas games include:
Crossword Puzzle and also a Word Search.
Printable Family Christmas Game Collection
Set of 4 Printable Christmas games for everyone to join in on the Holiday fun. Christmas games include:
Christmas Carol Game, Don't Eat Pete, Jeopardy, and Jingle Mingle.
Nativity Story Christmas Game
Fun Christmas sequence game pieces come in a set of 124 pieces! Nativity game pieces are Star-shaped and have vivid images, and text, about the night that Christ was born.
More Religious Family Christmas Party Ideas
Enjoy the time to spend with family, and friends, during your holiday party. Spend time during the Christmas party to read from the Bible, sing Christmas songs, and all will enjoy singing Christmas carols as an outreach to the neighborhood.
Religious Merry Christmas Quote
Photo by John Christian Fjellestad.


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7 Year Bitch Hear First Album In Nearly 20 Years Live at Moe
Streaming In Full w/ PAPER Magazine,
Released January 15th via MOE Recordings
Seattle's EMP Museum Hosts Live Interview & Signing, Jan 17
Photo Credit: Tanya Nixx
" …12 tracks that demonstrate their guttural, pummeling sound in an intimate, divey live setting."
"Stacked amongst contemporaries, L7, Babes in Toyland and Jack Off Jill, 7 Year Bitch was heavy, no-bullshit punk. Live at Moe provides a documentation of their intensity, their inescapable rage and undeniable, blood-curdling sludge."
"Fast, funny and never completely satisfied, 7 Year Bitch epitomize their genre and make a noise like no one else."
– Rolling Stone, 1994
"The four-piece stops sexist shtheads cold with a double shot of super sharp riffs and extra-large egos that doesn't leave any room for sniveling about male superiority in the scene or anywhere else."
– SPIN Magazine, 1994
"Hollywood's best screenwriters couldn't invent a more perfect punk band for the '90s than Seattle's 7 Year Bitch."
– The Los Angeles Times, 1994
"7 Year Bitch is a band that will outlast the current 'girl with guitar' chic"
– The Philadelphia Inquirer, 1994
Seattle's legendary punk band, 7 Year Bitch will release their first album in nearly 20 years next Friday, January 15 via MOE Recordings. Live at Moe is a live concert recorded in 1996 at Seattle's Club MOE. The record rips through a career-spanning set which includes ferocious live renditions of audience favorites "The Scratch", "Lorna", and "M.I.A.", as well as deeper cuts such as "Crying Shame" and "The Midst". Today, the band is thrilled to share the Live at Moe full album stream which premiered with PAPER Magazine.
7 Year Bitch was, from the very beginning, hell bent on carving their own distinct path. For an intimate experience with the feminist trailblazers, 7 Year Bitch joins EMP for a live interview and Live at Moe album signing on Sunday, January 17th. The event is free and all ages. Full details here.
Recently discovered in the vaults, the never before heard Live at Moe recordings not only serves as a testament to the band's riveting, raw and electric energy, but also to the diversity of the 7 Year Bitch catalog. Formed by drummer Valerie Agnew, vocalist Selene Vigil-Wilk, guitarist Stefanie Sargent and bassist Elizabeth Davis- Simpson, the album features the classic 7 Year Bitch lineup with Roisin Dunne on guitar, and was produced by Scott Blum.
Live at Moe will be released on CD, digitally and limited edition 180 gram red & black split vinyl. Pre-Order is available now.


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Architecture July 5, 2017
As the Tiny House market grows bigger, the design of these dwellings becomes more and more elegant and lavish. Take for example this artisan little item, built by Handcrafted Movement. Beautifully laid out in a 24′ x 8.5′ trailer, the house has all the comforts of a much large home. Plus quite a few clever hidden storage ideas. See more photos after the break for a full tour.
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'history' Category
Kiefer and Khlebnikov1
June 6, 2017 by AK
From the website of the Hermitage museum, St. Petersburg: In 2016, Anselm Kiefer, inspired by his visit to St. Petersburg, created a new exhibition project specially for the Hermitage Museum. It is in the triadic space of the colossal Nikolaevsky Hall of the Winter Palace that Kiefer chose to display around 30 new works dedicated …
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Category arts, EU, Global, history, Russia | Tags: Anselm KIefer, Khlebnikov, Velimir Khlebnikov
Poets as players 20
May 24, 2017 by AK
More from Khodasevich's 1924 memoir on Bryusov quoted in the previous post. Card players inadvertently reveal their deeper selves to discerning eyes: I have played cards a lot in my day; I have seen many players, both occasional and professional. I believe that at the card table, one can learn a great deal about people – at any …
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Category arts, history, Russia | Tags: Bryusov, cards, games of chance, Khodasevich
Poets as players3
May 21, 2017 by AK
Language Hat has a post on the card game played by Grandma Lausch and her Hungarian friend Mr. Kreindl in The Adventures of Augie March by Saul Bellow. It's called klabyash in the book while clobyosh seems to be the more common spelling, and the present-day Russian names for similar games are deberts, klabor, and belot. …
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Category arts, history, Russia | Tags: Bryusov, games of chance, Khodasevich
"Nothing I saw at Magadan… suggested slave labor."2
May 15, 2017 by AK
Henry Wallace was a man of great talent and achievement. As a politician, however, was susceptible to selective blindness or conscience-soothing self-delusion. In May 1944, he visited the camps of the Kolyma basin – the vast, permafrost-covered northeasternmost island of the Gulag Arkhipelago. The title of Robert Conquest's 1978 book, Kolyma: The Arctic Death Camps, is …
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Category history, Russia, US | Tags: Henry Wallace, Kolyma, Vadim Birstein
Ireland's fine timber0
May 10, 2017 by AK
Prompted by Language Hat's latest post on Ivan Goncharov's Oblomov, I wondered if its protagonist could be described as "fine-souled" and ran a Google search for the expression. The second link on the results page brought me this: Here the sensitive and fine-souled author of "Psyche" died. I thought of Keats (Ode to Psyche) but he died …
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Category arts, EU, history, Russia | Tags: Ireland, Language Hat, LanguageHat, Mary Tighe, Oblomov
Minsk architecture0
April 23, 2017 by AK
Peter Pomerantsev, writing about the Belarus Free Theater on the LRB blog: The journey took me out of the unspoilt Stalinist centre of the city. (The architecture is known as ampir in Russian, which sounds like, though doesn't mean, 'empire', and contains the word for 'feast', pir. 'Feast of Empire' is a good way to describe …
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Category Belarus, history, Russia | Tags: Langbard, Minsk, Peter Pomerantsev
Who's next, the Pentecostals?2
April 21, 2017 by AK
Christianity Today reports from Moscow: It's official. Jehovah's Witnesses can no longer practice their faith freely in Russia, where the Supreme Court on Thursday declared the pacifist religious organization an "extremist group" and banned all of its activity. The judge ordered all 395 local chapters and its Russian headquarters to close and authorized the government to …
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Category history, Politics, Russia | Tags: Jehovah's Witnesses, Pentecostals
"Positive obligation of the State to prevent any threat to life"0
April 15, 2017 by AK
The Kremlin has called the ECHR's ruling on the 2004 Beslan attack "absolutely unacceptable." And yet, unless Russia wins a reversal, it will have to accept it. After all, what did it expect? Everyone who has been paying attention knows that Russia bungled the siege and blocked attempts by victims' relatives to get at the truth. Now the …
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Category history, Politics, Russia | Tags: Beslan, ECHR, Tagayeva
The Lord's refuse1
April 5, 2017 by AK
Christopher Caldwell's speech at Hillsdale College, How to Think About Vladimir Putin, suggests an angle and a point of view symptomatic of a certain strain of thought on the American right. I believe it rests on error. No matter what perspective the observer chooses, mistaking myths and half-truths for verifiable facts will distort his view …
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Category history, Politics, Russia, US | Tags: Christopher Caldwell, Pussy Riot
SWIFT and the long run0
March 26, 2017 by AK
The Economist wrote in November 2014 considering the proposal that Russian banks be disconnected from the SWIFT payment system: Now there are calls for Russian banks to be banned from SWIFT in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. A group of American senators is arguing for the measure… The impact of a reprise on Russia's …
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Category history, Politics, Russia | Tags: SWIFT


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BCA Month Updates #4
Funny how the month has flown by so fast – it's already the end of October! This will likely be the last round of BCA updates since there's only a few days left, which will cover off Origins, Bobbi Brown and Sephora.
Origins has done a special pink bottle and box for their Peace of Mind on-the-spot Relief (RM53). This should be quite familiar, since they've been doing this for a few years now. The Peace of Mind is still a best seller, and what some of my friends (and family!) like to call 'expensive hong yao' or 'the better smelling Western medicated oil'. LOL!
On the other hand, Bobbi Brown also created an exclusive Bobbi Brown Pink Shimmer Brick Compact (RM150) which contains 5 bars of iridescent colour. These babies were hand made in Italy and come in a specially designed compact case with pink text instead of the trademark white. In Malaysia, these are only available at the Bobbi Brown outlets at Isetan KLCC, Lot 10 and Gardens Midvalley while stocks last.
Last but certainly not least, Sephora came up with an entire BCA collection which changes from year to year. Seriously, they never fail to impress me with their products, but if only they would allow international online shopping and bring in more variety in this part of the world! Sigh…
All items here are from the Sephora BCA Collection: Pink Eyelash Curler (US$16), Compact Mirror (US$18), Pop-up Brush (US$8) Makeup Palette To Go – BCA Edition (US$15)
There's a whole lot more available on the site, but these were some of the more interesting ones. And there we have it folks – the end of the BCA Month Updates! :D Hope you had as much fun as I had looking at the products!
Labels: bobbi brown, breast cancer awareness, collections, origins, sephora