text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 15, 2011
|Filing date
|Aug 24, 2005
|Priority date
|Aug 25, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Doron Solomon, Gilad Garon
|Original Assignee
|Asocs Ltd
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (21), Non-Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (4), Classifications (17), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Applications, Ser. Nos.
60/604,258, filed Aug. 25, 2004 and entitled Method and Device for On-line Reconfigurable Viterbi Decoding of Recursive and Non-recursive Systematic Convolution Codes with Varying Parameters; and
the following non-provisional U.S. application Ser. Nos.
U.S. Ser. No. 11/071,340, filed Mar. 3, 2005 and entitled Low-Power Reconfigurable Architecture For Simultaneous Implementation Of Distinct Communication Standards; and
U.S. Ser. No. 11/176,149, filed Jul. 7, 2005 and entitled A Method of and Apparatus for Implementing Fast Orthogonal Transforms of Variable Size.
The disclosure relates to a system for and method of implementing an on-line reconfigurable hardware decoder of a Viterbi decoding algorithm of different constraint lengths K, polynomial generators, and optionally for recursive and/or non-recursive systematic codes. The system and method are particularly useful in communication devices using such algorithms.
Binary transmission of data through a noisy channel has given rise to various approaches to minimize errors that can result from such transmission. For example, various forward error correction (FEC) techniques have been developed for encoding the signals prior to transmitting them through the channel, with compatible decoding techniques at the receiving end for reducing the overall error rate. One FEC technique to improve the capacity of a channel includes adding some carefully designed redundant information to the data being transmitted through the channel. The process of adding this redundant information is known as channel coding. Convolution and block coding are currently two major forms of channel coding. Convolution coding typically operates on serial data, one or a few bits at a time. Block codes operate on relatively large (typically, up to a couple of hundred bytes) message blocks. There are a variety of useful convolution and block codes, and a variety of algorithms for decoding the received coded information sequences to recover the original data. Convolution coding with compatible decoding is a FEC technique that is particularly suited to a channel in which the transmitted signal is corrupted mainly by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), such as wireless transmissions, for example, cell phones and radios.
Convolution codes are usually described using two parameters: the code rate and the constraint rate. The code rate, k/n, is expressed as a ratio of the number of bits into the convolutional encoder (k) to the number of channel symbols output by the convolutional encoder (n) in a given encoder cycle. The constraint length parameter, K, denotes the "length" of the convolutional encoder, i.e., how many k-bit stages are available to feed the combinatorial logic that produces the output symbols. Closely related to K is the parameter m, which indicates how many encoder cycles an input bit is retained and used for encoding after it first appears at the input to the convolutional encoder. The m parameter can be thought of as the memory length of the encoder.
Viterbi decoding is one of two types of decoding algorithms used with convolutional encoding, the other type being sequential decoding. Sequential decoding has the advantage that it can perform very well with long-constraint-length convolution codes, but it has a variable decoding time. Viterbi decoding has the advantage that it has a fixed decoding time. It is well suited to hardware decoder implementation, but its computational requirements grow exponentially as a function of the constraint length, so it is usually limited in practice to constraint lengths of K=9 or less. Viterbi decoding algorithms are typically used for decoding trellis-coded modulation, the technique of squeezing high ratios of bits-per-second through bandwidth limited channels. In general, Viterbi algorithms were originally conceived as an error-correction scheme for noisy digital communication links. However, it is now also used in information theory, speech recognition, keyword spotting, computational linguistics bioinformatics, as well as other applications.
Viterbi decoding determines the path with the minimum path metric through the trellis, with the path metric being defined as the sum of the branch metrics along the path. This is done in a step wise manner by processing a set of state metrics forward in time, stage by stage over the trellis.
The complexity of Viterbi algorithms lies in the computation of 2k-1 path metrics for a constraint K decoder at each time stage. A processor that implements a Viterbi decoder typically includes three major blocks: the branch metrics calculation unit (BMU), the add-compare-select unit (ACS), and the survivor path decoding unit. The branch metrics unit typically performs the calculation of distances of sampled signals from targets, which are Euclidean in the case of AWGN. New branch metrics are computed for each incoming sample, at every clock cycle.
Similarly, a new value of the state metrics has to be computed at each time instant. In other words, the state metrics have to be updated every clock cycle. As a result, common approaches of recursive and pipelining processing are not applicable for increasing the throughput of the system. Hence the ACS unit is the module that consumes the most power and area (when implemented on a chip).
The survivor management unit (SMU), or trace back block or mechanism, is responsible for tracing back through the trellis using the survivor bits to reproduce the original input bits. In tracing back, the shortest path through the trellis must be traced. The selected minimum metric path from the ACS output points the path from each state to its predecessor. In theory, decoding of the shortest path would require the processing of the entire input sequence. However, in practice, the survivor paths merge after some number of iterations. From the point they merge together, the decoding is unique. The trellis depth at which all the survivor paths merge with high probability is referred to as the survivor path length.
The Viterbi algorithm is therefore effective in achieving noise tolerance, but the cost is an exponential growth in memory, computational resources, and power consumption. Various approaches have been suggested to address this issue, including an adaptive Viterbi algorithm (e.g., Tessier, R. et al., "A Reconfigurable, Power-Efficient Adaptive Viterbi Decoder", publication date unknown), and a dynamically reconfigurable adaptive Viterbi decoder (e.g., S. Swaminathan et al., "A Dynamically Reconfigurable Adaptive Viterbi Decoder"; and Chadha, K. et al., "A Reconfigurable Viterbi Decoder Architecture" IEEE Publication Number 0-7803-7147-X/01, pp. 66-71 (2001), and FPGA '02, Feb. 24-26, 2002, Monterey Calif., ACM 1-58113-452-5/02/0002, pp 227-236 (2002), Liang et al., "A Dynamically-Reconfigurable, Power-Efficient Turbo Decoder", Proceedings of the 12th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines (FCCM'04) (exact date of publication unknown), and Chadha, K, "A Reconfigurable Decoder Architecture for Wireless LAN and Cellular Systems", Master Thesis, Rice University, April, 2001); Zhu et al., "Reconfigurable Viterbi Decoding Using a New ACS Pipelining Technique, Proceeding of the Application-Specific Systems Architectures and Processors (ASAP'03) (exact date of publication unknown), Yeh et al., "RACER: A Reconfigurable Constraint-Length 14 Viterbi Decoder", 0-8186-7548-9/96, pp. 60-69 (1996), and Zhan et al, "Domain Specific Reconfigurable Fabric Targeting Viterbi Algorithm" ICFPT 2004 0-7803-8652-3/04 IEEE (2004), pp. 363-366.
Shift register convolution decoders of the Viterbi decoding algorithm for both recursive and non-recursive systematic codes is a critical computational block, e.g., in modems and other communication devices. They are used, for example, in channel decoders, ML (Maximum Likelihood) equalizers, ML decoders of space-time codes for MIMO RF antennas, and ML filtering to name a few. An interesting feature of shift register convolution decoders of Viterbi decoding algorithms for recursive systematic and non-recursive systematic codes is that they can be operated in a parallel, serial or hybrid (serial-parallel) form by using an adjustable reconfigurable network of ACS blocks, BMU generators with adjustable reconfigurable connections to the ACS network, and adjustable reconfigurable trace-back mechanisms for recursive systematic and non recursive systematic forms. Hence, the same hardware can be employed for both recursive systematic and non-recursive systematic codes with various constraint lengths K and generator polynomials.
In a standard implementation, to provide function-specific reconfigurability it is first necessary to analyze the computational structure. Typically, the Viterbi decoder has a shuffle-exchange interconnect structure of ACS blocks, which varies with the size of the constraint length K, the type of recursive systematic codes and/or non-recursive systematic codes and, for the latter a chosen feedback generator polynomial. Furthermore, the connections of the outputs bearing the BMU values within the ACS network depend on the code generator polynomial (the number of distinct polynomials. i.e., the code rate; for example, a rate � has two generator polynomials, while a rate � code has four generator polynomials, etc.). It is thus difficult to provide flexibility to the most energy-efficient fully-parallel implementations, where the implementations are typically constrained by the code rate for which the implementation is designed.
In a fully parallel implementation the signal flow graph is directly mapped onto hardware. In general, the constraint length K code decoder requires 2k-1 ACS butterfly units. For instance, for a non-recursive systematic code with constraint length K=5 i.e., a 16-state Viterbi decoder, there is a total of 16 ACS butterflies at each stage, and they are interconnected in a manner as shown in
When the implementation is done in fixed-point arithmetic, the scaling and overflow handling are crucial for correct behavior of the transformer. The ACS butterfly operation at each stage of the decoder uses an "addition in 2's complement" so that if the state metrics have enough bits (one bit more than the number of bits needed for representing the maximum difference between metrics for a given constraint length K), the addition of 2's complement properties will fulfill the resealing without additional hardware. Thus, for a reconfigurable decoder design, it is enough to have a bit representation for the metrics corresponding to the maximum difference that is required. Designing a reconfigurable implementation therefore depends on: (1) the biggest constraint length K that the reconfigurable implementation of the shift register convolution decoder is able to handle, and (2) the maximum expected BMU generator rate. Such a design will result in the needed rescaling for all the constraint lengths equal to or less than the maximum expected constraint length K and rate. The referenced prior art to reconfigurable architecture is not completely satisfactory because the referenced decoders are each reconfigurable to or adapted to process only one type of Viterbi algorithm, thus limiting the application of the decoders. Further limitations result because such designs fix the level of parallelism, i.e., do not allow flexibility in the parallel-serial structure, even though the level of parallelism can vary depending on the Viterbi algorithm decoded. Finally, where simpler codes are implemented (e.g., with k=3), current designs simply switch off unused hardware.
In accordance with the system and method disclosed herein, a reconfigurable decoder having an architecture that configured so as to decode both recursive and non-recursive systematic codes, in accordance with various types of Viterbi decoding algorithms, of varying constraint length K and generator polynomials. In an embodiment of the system and method, the system and method allow implementation of a shift register convolution decoder of recursive and non-recursive systematic codes by a plurality of types of Viterbi decoding algorithms through a wide range of parameters by fast (i.e., substantially in real-time) on-line reconfiguration of the hardware (i.e., without introducing noticeable delays). The system and method are reconfigurable to accommodate any one of many types of Viterbi decoding algorithms, and can accommodate a plurality of different types of Viterbi decoding algorithms simultaneously in substantially real time. The system and method further allow for a significant decrease in the amount of hardware intended for parallel or serial implementations of the type comprising a plurality of shift register convolution Viterbi decoders. The system and method are also efficient in implementing adaptive ML (Maximum likelihood) algorithms where the size of the constraint length K and generator polynomials vary, and are determined on-line and dependent on the input to the algorithm.
A reconfigurable pipelined architecture can be designed in accordance with this disclosure for implementing a Viterbi algorithm decoder with very low energy overhead even compared with the standard low complexity Viterbi decoders.
Decoders utilizing radix-2 ACS butterflies are of particular interest since this type of architecture provides the minimum multiplicative complexity. This spatial regularity is a great structural advantage over other algorithmic bases for an VLSI implementation. One aspect lending simplicity behind a reconfigurable architecture using the radix-2 ACS butterflies is that the connection networks can be rearranged so as to use minimum switching points. For a non-recursive systematic code the shuffled trellis structure can reveal the best switching structure. For example the shuffled K=5 trellis structure shown in
The shuffled trellis architecture can be of use also for serial implementation if a large K is needed, although this will decrease the decoding speed rate. The speed rate reduction is a factor of 2K-TrellisK, when K is a larger K and Trellis K is the maximum K that can be provided in a parallel arrangement (so that 2TrellisK-1 is the number of ACS butterfly units embedded in the design).
For example, the shuffled K=5 in parallel design would comprise 16 ACS butterfly units (left hand in the
Other hardware for achieving the advantages of reconfigurable hardware is the trace back block. The trace back block provides low power consumption and is suitable also for a large constraint length K (where the shift register mechanism would require a relatively large amount of hardware and require large amounts of power). A trace back block is also suited for reconfiguration, as will be seen below. In the reconfigurable case, the memory length needs to be big enough, more than the maximum constraint length by a factor of 10, to save in hardware requirements. In such a case only two trace back blocks need to work in parallel for a full pipeline architecture.
In general, the outputs are split between several parallel decoders. The output 0 can be used for a K=4 decoder (the only one), or K=3 (the first and largest output of the several decoders), or K=2 (again the first one). One can also use the output of the second decoder with K=2 (this is marked as Number 2), and so forth. Thus, the out puts 0, 1, 2 and 3 are examples respectively of the possible outputs of four parallel decoders. Thus, the hardware configuration can provide anywhere from one to four decoders that can operate simultaneously.
The output number indicates the number of possible outputs of parallel decoders. Thus, the output 0 provides for an output when K=4, or K=3, or K=2 (when only one decoder is used), output 1 provides for an additional output when K=2 (when two decoders are used), output 2 provides an additional output when K=3 (when two decoders are used) or K=2 (when three decoders are used), and output 3 provides an additional output for K=4 when four decoders are used.
This method permits full usage of the hardware by adding the flip flops 80 a, 80 b, 80 c and 80 d, and shift registers 82 a, 82 b and 82 c as shown in
To overcome this obstacle, in order to use the same reconfigurable architecture for accommodating both recursive and non-recursive systematic codes, it is necessary to use properties of recursive systematic codes so that they appear and are processed as non-recursive systematic codes. This is preferably accomplished by combining the block including the architecture of
Accordingly, as illustrated in
CPU 120 is preferably a relatively small computer processing unit needed for (a) controlling the configware part of the device i.e., net bus 122, I/O block 124, RAM block 126, megafunction block(s) 128, interconnect block 130, flash memory block 132 and clock 134 and (b) fixing the configuration of the megafunctions block(s) 128, as well as the bus 122, I/O block 124, RAM block 126, interconnect block 130, flash memory block 132 and clock 134, depending upon the protocol of the signals be processed by the chip. CPU 120 can also help by computing minor and simple assignments or tasks, and configuring the bus that is used to interconnect the megafunctions and the I/O block.
The net bus 122 is reconfigurable depending on the protocol. I/O block 124 is preferably a configurable I/O block that connects the chip with the outside world. Its tasks include receiving the "compiled software" of the application algorithm, and receiving input data and delivering output-processed data. RAM 126 is a random access memory preferably configured to store the "compiled software instructions", and to cache and buffer data. Megafunctions block 128 is preferably configured to include the major application functions of two or more applications, i.e., protocols, which are processed by computing each domain of the application functions as one function with extraordinary efficiency. In the present case, the megafunction block 128 is configured to include one or more of the trellis-type decoders, or any combination thereof, described herein. Interconnect block 130 preferably includes the reconfigurable net bus, which connects all the components of the chip including the CPU 120, I/O block 124, RAM 126, Megafunctions block 128, and Flash Memory 132 and Clock block 134. The interconnect block can also be configured to perform minor and simple assignments or tasks, preferably in extra memory. Finally, flash memory 130 preferably serves to store data as the chip runs through its programs. Flash memory is preferably in the form of EEPROM that allows multiple memory locations to be erased or written in one programming operation, so that it can operate at higher effective speeds when the systems using it read and write to different locations at the same time. It should be appreciated that for less complex operations, other types of memory could be used. Information is preferably stored in the flash memory by storing the information on a silicon chip in a way that does not need power to maintain the information in the chip. Consequently, power to the chip can be withdrawn and the information retained in flash memory without consuming any power. In addition, flash memory offers fast read access times and solid-state shock resistance, making flash memory particularly desirable in applications such as data storage on battery-powered devices like cellular phones and PDAs.
The architecture thus described, thus can be implemented as an integrated circuit. The architecture is believed adaptable for any type of trellis decoding, in which the constraint K can vary in size for both recursive and non-recursive systematic codes. Such trellis decoding can contain, but not restricted to algorithms operating on vectors having varying size (of type hard decision [HD] or soft decision [SD] vectors): convolution code decoding, Trellis code modulation decoding [TCM], Convolution Turbo Codes [CTC] decoding, small block codes decoding (like BCH, Hamming etc'), Block/Product turbo code decoding (BTC/PTC) and MLSE/RSSD/RSSE/Per Survivor Processing (PSP) type equalization/filter/MIMO & space-Time decoding computations (based on convolution/trellis or block or of a concatenated codes to form turbo like space time code). The decoding procedure of the above codes/filter can any combination of HD and SD as HIHO (Hard In Hard Out), SIHO (Soft In Hard Out) or SISO (Soft In Soft Out) with varying size of Soft values Bit size symbols and various size of K values of the codes.
In addition to the foregoing, the architecture can provide reconfigurable architecture resources that are parameterized so as to implement trellis decoding of any of the algorithms. Further, the reconfigurable architecture can include dedicated resources for the trellis decoding of any of the algorithms, such as utilizing the RAM 126 of
The decoder can further include memory and at least one parameterized block, wherein values of parameters for the parameterized block are stored in memory, such as the RAM 126 of the
Control signals either stored or provided externally through an input to the system architecture for reconfiguring the network in response to the decoder algorithms used to decode the vectors received by the system architecture. Further data representative of a set of configuration signals representing all of the possible configurable networks of ACS blocks, BMU generators and trace-back mechanisms for both recursive and non-recursive systematic forms, and configurable connections between the ACS blocks, BMU generators and trace-back mechanisms, can be either stored in memory (or the configuration signals can provided externally though an input to the system architecture) so that (a) the reconfigurable network and (b) reconfigurable connections are arranged so as to be responsive to the configuration signals. The data representative of the set of configuration signals could include information relating to parameters and algorithms used to decode vectors received by the reconfigurable architecture.
As previously described the architecture can include an analyzer configured so as to determine the systematic trellis codes used to encode the vectors received by the reconfigurable architecture, wherein the reconfigurable network and reconfigurable connections are configured as a function of the determination of such systematic trellis codes.
The architecture of the present disclosure as disclosed herein, and all elements thereof, are contained within the scope of at least one of the following claims. No elements of the presently disclosed chip architecture are meant to be disclaimed, nor are they intended.
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|Citing Patent
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|Scalable VLIW processor for high-speed viterbi and trellis coded modulation decoding
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|U.S. Classification
|714/774, 714/796
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 8, 2005
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text:
Next to the printer was a decent length of counter space which was unfortunately only sort-of useful because of all the old binders stacked on it. Some time ago, likely before the advent of computers, binders had played a large role in the day-to-day functioning of this particular office. We still stocked them in the office supply area, and every once in a long while someone would ask for one. No one would take one from the printer counter though, they always wanted a new one from office supplies.
The binders on the counter were so decrepit that they made horrible cracking noises when you opened them. Some were made out of materials I couldn't even identify - some kind of wood product that was probably banned in the early 80s for causing birth defects. The rings inside them were like bear traps. The damned things were dangerous.
I was in charge of office supplies, and I have a fondness for clear counter space. I started asking around about the binders. I got the kind of responses/looks you get when you ask people about politics, religion or the union. Finally, one woman who handled the paper inventory whispered to me, after glancing around to make sure no one was listening, "Those are Allen's binders."
Allen had been there forever. I can totally picture his mother dropping him off when he was about six, and then him returning every day on his own forever after.
The story was, someone wanted to throw out the old binders. Allen got wind of it and saw it as tremendously wasteful and irresponsible. He was quite vocal about it and apparently no one else thought throwing out the binders was important enough to upset him any more. So for God-knows how long there had been a bunch of old binders there that no one would use, collecting dust and taking up space.
I threw them out. As I loaded them into the large trash can next to the elevators, the head of our division happened by. He said, "I hope you're not throwing those away." I stood up very tall and started explaining to him that that is exactly what I was doing and why I was right to do it, but he cut me off.
"I've wanted to do that for years," he said as he got on an elevator. I think he may have even given me a thumbs up. (Allen's Binders, Part 2)

subset: commoncrawl


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Let the Rocket Factory amaze you with their funny experiments. You will be able to learn how to create your own rocket and make races with your friends. Kids will have loads of fun while learning about astronomy and the science behind rockets and the space.
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text:
A double bill of episodes 7 and 8.
In The Case Gets Bigger, as Josh (Nicholas D'Agosto) prepares for trial, his boss, Mr. Mankiewicz comes down from New York to check up on him and reveals a gigantic hole in Josh's case. Meanwhile, Larry (John Lithgow), unsettled by his rift with his daughter and Josh's boss being in town, takes matters into his own hands, with deadly consequences. Sherri Shepherd, Steven Boyer, Jayma Mays and Krysta Rodriguez also star.
Then in A Change for the Defense, with the trial now getting national attention, Josh's (Nicholas D'Agosto) boss, Mr. Mankiewicz has decided to take over the case, throwing the team into turmoil. Meanwhile, when Mankiewicz suggests Larry (John Lithgow) plead insanity, Josh and Carol Anne Keane (Jayma Mays) must work together to convince Larry to stand trial. Sherri Shepherd, Steven Boyer and Krysta Rodriguez also star.
Series: Trial and Error Season 1 Episodes 7 and 8
Airdate: Tuesday 4 April 2017 from 9.00pm-10.00pm on NBC


text:
Drawer Bin, 17-5/8 x 5-9/16 x 4-5/8In, Red
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text: BUYER'S GUIDE Road Test: 2004 BMW 645Ci Convertible A 6 Series drop-top for you and your friends Brian Vance writerMay 24, 2004 Share this article Facebook Twitter Google Plus Email Share this article Facebook Twitter Google Plus Email Free Price Quote From a Local Dealer View Special Offers No Obligation, Fast & Simple Free New Car Quote Change Car Select Make Acura Alfa Romeo Aston Martin Audi Bentley BMW Buick Cadillac Chevrolet Chrysler Dodge Ferrari FIAT Ford Genesis GMC Honda Hyundai Infiniti Jaguar Jeep Karma Kia Lamborghini Land Rover Lexus Lincoln Lotus Maserati Mazda McLaren Mercedes-Benz MINI Mitsubishi Nissan Porsche Ram Rolls-Royce Scion smart Subaru Tesla Toyota Volkswagen Volvo Select Model 1-Series 2-Series 3-Series 3-Series Plug-in 4-Series 5-Series 5-Series Diesel 6-Series 7-Series 8-Series ActiveHybrid 3 ActiveHybrid 5 ActiveHybrid 7 ActiveHybrid X6 Alpina B6 i3 i8 M M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 X1 X3 X3 Diesel X4 X5 X5 Diesel X5 Plug-in X6 Z3 Z4 Z5 Z8 GO 1. Vehicle Option Trim Exterior Color No Preference Black Blue Brown Gold Green Orange Red Silver White Yellow Interior Color No Preference Beige Black Blue Gray Green Other Red White Buying Time Frame Within 48 hours Within a week Within two weeks Within a month More than a month Payment Method Undecided Loan Lease Cash Trade In? Yes No 2. Contact Info First Name Last Name Address City State -- AL AK AZ AR CA CO CT DE DC FL GA HI ID IL IN IA KS KY LA ME MD MA MI MN MS MO MT NE NV NH NJ NM NY NC ND OH OK OR PA RI SC SD TN TX UT VT VA WA WV WI WY Zip Code Phone Email 3. Dealer Selection Receive your free dealer pricing information by completing your contact information! BMW's recently launched 645Ci coupe is just now arriving at dealerships, yet the company didn't waste a minute in introducing the convertible version. They were, of course, designed at the same time, so the ragtop is no mere chop job. Although there's some discernible relationship between this latest coupe and the last-generation 8 and 6 Series, we need to reach back to 1965 to make a convertible connection. It's a slim one at that, as BMW built just a single ragtop version of its Bertone-designed 3200CS coupe.So it's fair to say that the 645Ci Convertible is the first two-plus-two, V-8-powered top-downer from BMW in almost 40 years.With the top up, the convertible shares the organic profile of the coupe we tested earlier this year (January 2004). Yet, lower the crown and suddenly the graceful body lines meet in a tasteful shape that's all its own.Luckily, BMW had the foresight not to incorporate the top's operation into the car's overly complicated iDrive system; the fully lined top is power-operated by a console-mounted button, lowering in 24 seconds. This rather trick lid is windowless, allowing the designers to integrate the glass into the rear deck, directly aft the headrests and completely independent of the top so the vertical window can be deployed as a wind deflector when the top is down, or, with top up, the glass can be lowered to increase pass-through ventilation for the cabin. Rear window operation is controlled from the driver's door-mounted switches, which can be programmed to lower or raise all five windows simultaneously using a single switch.Though roof removal will always result in a loss of structural rigidity, we were hard-pressed to detect much more than slight cowl shake during our test. Only the deepest potholes and tallest speed bumps could shudder this ultrastiff chassis. BMW claims the additional reinforcement throughout the vehicle's structure results in slightly more stiffness than in a 645Ci coupe with all its windows rolled down.BMW R&D employed a special high-pressure forming process to develop a windshield frame that provides maximum passenger protection during rollover. This is also supplemented by the company's Automatic Rollover Protection System, which deploys two roll hoops behind the rear seats when the possibility of a rollover is detected.Powered by the same brawny 4.4-liter, 325-horsepower V-8 as in the coupe, the convertible is offered with a choice of six-speed manual, six-speed automatic, or six-speed sequential-manual gearboxes. Power comes on strong, fast, and smooth, and the engine emits a satisfying burble, an aural reminder that BMW continues to build some of the best powerplants in the business. Although the convertible weighs about 400 pounds more than the coupe, due to its structural reinforcements and folding-top mechanisms, our six-speed manual-equipped tester still managed a dash to 60 in an impressive 5.6 seconds. This is only a tenth of a second behind the last automatic-equipped Porsche 911 Cabriolet we tested (August 2002).BMW's Active Roll Stabilization is standard on the 6 Series and helps hustle the convertible through the slalom at 64.5 mph, beating Cadillac's XLR and Lexus's SC 430, but falling behind Mercedes's SL500 and Maserati's Spyder. Vented, 13.7-inch two-piece iron and aluminum brake rotors help the two-ton-plus convertible stop from 60 in only 112 feet.Our Sport Package-equipped tester included BMW's Active Steering. This unconventional system electronically varies the steering ratio based on vehicle speed and other driving conditions and reduces steering-wheel movement at low speeds while maintaining a quick ratio at high speeds. The system takes some getting used to and has left a few of our staff to question why a company known for its exceptional steering felt compelled to fiddle with it.Sport Pack convertibles also come equipped with 19-inch wheels wrapped in run-flat Bridgestones and BMW's familiar front passenger sport seats with bigger bolsters and adjustable thigh support.Interior room is abundant for front-seat passengers; however, back-seat room is by no means plentiful. Yet, with the top and windows down, the convertible's rear seat is a more inviting place than the coupe's. A special polyurethane coating is used on the top's inner surface in an attempt to bring top-up interior noise levels close to those of the coupe. An ample trunk can accommodate two golf bags.Although you might not have realized you'd been waiting several decades for BMW to build a luxury/sport convertible, a quick blast down a country road in the 645Ci will make you glad it's here now, rather than later. Share this article Facebook Twitter Google Plus Email Road Test: 2004 BMW 645Ci Convertible /4 Advertisement to Skip 1|4 2|4 3|4 4|4


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When you purchase a digital subscription to Cake Central Magazine, you will get an instant and automatic download of the most recent issue.
MMF covered 14 and 8" cakes scatterd with dried fondant leaves and mellowcreme pumpkins. The tree is hand-moulded MMF and the figurines are the 2006 Hallmark Collection. I just love the Peanuts gang at the holidays!
Charlie Brown Halloween Bday
It's The Great Pumpkin Charlie Brown!!
The Most Sincere Pumpkin Patch
wow, great job
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Yes please, register now!


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Get yours now for just £15.99. It will make a great addition to your lifestyle, or buy it as a gift for a friend or family member; they are popular for good reason!
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Round Robin Videos
August 25th, 2015 Leave a comment Go to comments
Thank you Bob for taking the time and trouble to make these videos available: https://youtu.be/KjrARPL9-ds - SDTTA Thursday RR 07/30/2015 https://youtu.be/7aXfxKrZf_E - SDTTA Thursday RR 08/06/2015 https://youtu.be/ALgzDrg5xHQ - SDTTA Thursday RR 08/13/2015 Daryl was not available to post these the usual way. I'm not sure how he does it so you will have to cut and paste the above Youtube links into your browser to see them. Dennis


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God said:
Everything is easy with love. What can be hard when your heart soars with
love? What is love but light, and what is light but energy? Smooth is the power
of love. Love is an engine that runs smoothly, or love is the fuel that runs the
engine of your heart. Love feeds the heart, there is no doubt of that.
Love is not effort. When filled with love, hearts are light-hearted. There
have been many odes written to love, and not one says it all. There is always
more to be said about love because love is not finite.
Love is the fuel you run on. Without love, there would be no creation.
Although I had the thought or impulse to create the world, it was My love that
created it. The world was made from love, and it was made of love. You are love.
I created your love with the fullness of My love. I didn't make you half-love,
for I created you with a full heart. I didn't think and think and rethink you. I
did not craft you, as it were. You came from My heart. Made of My love, you are
love, and you are My love. No matter how far from love you may have detoured,
love is not absent. It can be reawakened. Loving yourself is a beginning. Loving
yourself is not conceit. Loving yourself is recognition of what you are made of.
You are made of love. You are made solidly of love for the purpose of loving.
Simple and complete are you, My love. Unburden yourself of what has kept you
from love. Your thoughts. Your thoughts have masked love. Your thoughts have
taken bites out of your love.
You cut off your love. You chopped it up. You put love into categories and
subsections. You formalized love. You logicalized it. You mechanized it. You
made varied packages of it. You held love by a thread. You washed and dried
love. You splintered it. You made an automat of love. Love became played like a
slot machine.
Love cannot be packaged. Love streams. It can't be bottled. It cannot be on
demand. Love arises of itself. That is what love loves to do, to simply arise
from the fount of your heart and be itself. No mandates for love. No pressing it
down. No prescribing for it. You do not know better than love. Love knows better
than you. You don't know the half of love.
Love is like snow falling, so gracefully, serenely, gladly. You cannot make
it snow. The difference between love and snow is that there are conditions for
snow. The temperature has to be such and so. But snow and love are alike in that
you cannot stop the snow on command, and when it comes to love, why on Earth
would you want to stop it? Because of some idea, I suppose.
Personal love is love partitioned. You have checkpoints for personal love, as
though you were crossing a border. Of course, without love, you are bordered.
With love, there are no borders. Grab a hold of universal love. Recognize it.
Get a sense of love without boundaries. How easy it is to cross boundaries when
there aren't any.
Love your child, and love all children.
Love the land you were born in, and love all lands.
Love your family, and love all families.
Love your loved ones, and love all as though they were yourself. They are
yourself. That's the tricky part, for until you love yourself more, you do not
love your neighbors very well. You don't even know them. You make up things
about them. You may prefer to dislike them as you dislike yourself. When you
love yourself, your heart holds room for all.


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At two and a half years old, these are probably not days that August is going to remember very clearly. A day like today especially, because to a toddler, I doubt it was anything special. But it was one of those afternoons/evenings that is going to stick with Adam and I for a while, just for being a really enjoyable day to be parents.
A trip to the dentist is not something I would normally think would qualify as an "enjoyable day to be a parent," but that ended up being a pleasant surprise. It was August's first teeth cleaning. He's gone to the dentist twice before, just to get a peek at his teeth and to get him used to going. Both times, he didn't handle it particularly well, which was to be expected. However, he was such a champ today, and Adam and I were beaming every time another minute passed that our child didn't bite the hygienist. The whole appointment was so much easier than we were expecting, and I feel like that is a frequent occurrence. If we think an event is going to be unpleasant or difficult for August, we prepare for The Apocalypse. But most of the time, he gives us Just Another Tuesday.
There was really nothing remarkable about the appointment, aside from the fact that there was nothing remarkable. August was calm, cooperative and friendly, which is normally how he operates. Sure, he has his toddler moments, and I am definitely seeing glimpses of the threenager to come. But for the most part, he's an easy going and happy kid. Despite knowing this, despite knowing our child, we still get shocked every time he doesn't try to blow up the planet in retaliation for whatever thing we think he is going to hate. I need to take the time to remember that August can handle a lot more than we give him credit for.
We decided to have a fairly rare dinner out as a family, and got August his favorite dinner, macaroni and cheese (MY SON) and let him pick where he wanted to go for dessert. He chose to stay at Panera and eat a cookie as big as his head (MY SON AGAIN) and I can't believe he ate it all. The three of us hung out at our table and Adam and I kept thinking he was done, and we reminded him again and again that he could put the rest in a bag and eat more cookie later. No way. The kid powered through. This, and the meltdown he has every time he realizes it's a hair-washing night, are all the proof I need that August wasn't switched out for someone else's baby at the hospital.
Dinner was a little early tonight, so we had time to spare when we got home. We went up to Adam's and my room and played a memory game on the floor. Family games haven't been happening too often lately because a lot of our time is being spent getting the house ready for the baby, and letting August play with just one of us or on his own. It was so nice to have an hour to just hang out, especially on a weekday. Getting to sit on the floor and play with my family for an hour on a Tuesday was unexpected and awesome and I want to make sure this does not feel like such a rarity in the future.
A couple months ago, I bought my first "nice" camera, and I'm so glad I did because I've been taking more pictures than usual to try to justify the purchase. As a result, I captured a lot more of today than I normally would have. Like I said, for August, probably none of today stood out to him as particularly special. But to his parents, this will be a lasting memory of one of the last times we are a family of three. I'm looking forward to big moments when we add a fourth to the mix- vacations and holidays and things like that. But these little, unexpected great days are what I enjoy the most about being a parent.


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I am a 4/5 combination teacher. I have taught that mix for 6 of my 12 years. I LOVE it! The neat things about the combination classes are : The fifth graders understand where the fourth graders are, having just made it through the fourth grade. The fifth graders tend to be kinder when in a combination class, and can show great concern for their classmates. The grades are well suited to being paired, both ages can discuss literature at higher (upper elementary) levels than primary students, the math programs tend to be similar with more new material in fourth and fifth working on mastering the fourth grade introduced material. They are similar in size making games fun, (Girls are usually much taller than boys in fifth though!) Both grades really benefit from the multi-age classroom and parents have been thrilled with my class. This year I have 22 students in 4/5.
its great ive been in to of them and its nice bc he can make friend for when going to jr. high
Well he might actually get ahead of where he should be by just being in the same room as the 5th graders. I'm assuming that the lesson will all take place in the same classroom. So if he's done with his work he might pay attention to their lesson. Hopefully he has a good, really organized teacher. It is challenging to the teacher but your son should be ok if he's a decent student to begin with and the teacher is good.
It'll be fine. The teacher will differentiate between the two grade levels.
The younger kids of a combo class are advanced and the older kids are behind. e
I actually taught a 4/5 split class my first year of teaching. A lot of the parents were really worried about it, but it turned out being really beneficial for all the kids. The younger students learned so much from the older and the older students were able to gain a lot of responsibility. I am sure that the teacher will challenge the younger students with higher level thinking if they teach some of the subjects together. Give it a chance, I think it will be a unique and successful year for your son.
One of the top ranking schools is in kentucky and guess what it is a one room school, the kids actually learn off of each other, I think its kina neat, considering that the teacher is organized enough to handle all of those children.
This article contents is post by this website user, EduQnA.com doesn't promise its accuracy.
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Does anybody else have a short fuse when it comes to technology? I can sit for ten minutes untangling a necklace, I can endure repeat episodes of Peppa Pig for at least an hour (10 episodes) and I don't mind hearing my dad's 'When I was in Cyprus you could fry an egg on the pavement' story at least five times annually but the one thing I can't handle is technology.
I'm not talking about all technology but the two electrical devices that is every office juniors nemesis..the printer and the photocopier. Seriously though, it can't be that hard surely? Switch it on, put the paper in, press 'PRINT'- Where's the problem? Well- somewhere between those seamless actions is my ability to completely balls it up. The printer eats six pieces of paper at once, smoothing it's words sporadically across each of the sheets; rendering them useless. Then a shrill beep is heard as I'm informed that ink has run out, there's also a nasty crumpling sound as the printer chokes on it's A4 meal, suddenly theres a beeping, crumpling, noisy and now flashing printer monster absorbing my last dregs of humanity as I realise the collated documents I began to print thirty minutes ago are trapped indefinatley in the beasts mouth. I have to start all over again.
Perhaps it's me, I don't have a way with technology. My husband manages perfectly well with the same printer, even my thirteen month old could produce a back to back copy, but me...no. My patience (and often my dignity) as I loudly sob over the machine in some final hope that my magic salty tears and cries will be heard by some God of the office, completely disappears and I hit the offending object with the nearest blunt object, seloptape roll, stapler, chair.
Rant over. Excuse me I'm terribly busy throwing a Hp psc 1215 out of the window.


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Medical Council of India planning to introduce qualifying exam for NRIs
The Medical Council of India (MCI) is mulling to make it mandatory for Non-Resident Indians (NRI) and foreign national candidates to qualify in the All India Pre-Medical Test (AIPMT) or the state examinations for admission to MBBS and BDS courses.chandigarh Updated: Jan 21, 2015 16:34 IST
The Medical Council of India (MCI) is mulling to make it mandatory for Non-Resident Indians (NRI) and foreign national candidates to qualify in the All India Pre-Medical Test (AIPMT) or the state examinations for admission to MBBS and BDS courses.
Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector-32 (GMCH-32) and the medical colleges in Haryana admit NRI and foreign national candidates without any qualifying examination.
Medical aspirants and their parents have been demanding that the NRIs who seek admission to medical colleges in India for MBBS course must go through the AIPMT or state examinations and obtain marks above the specified cut-off of 50%. They have been demanding that no state should be allowed to admit NRIs into medical colleges based only on the marks obtained in the 12th Board exam of their country.
Chandigarh-based PMT trainer Dr Arvind Goyal had given a representation to the MCI, seeking to make it mandatory for NRIs to qualify in the AIPMT to get admission into MBBS in medical colleges.
In response to his representation, the MCI informed him that the matter was placed before the chairman of the MCI and it was being examined by the council. "Qualifying in the competitive entrance examination is a must so as to achieve a uniform evaluation, as there may be significant variation of standards at qualifying examinations conducted by different agencies and different countries. There must be a uniform entrance exam which all MBBS aspirants, including NRIs, should qualify and only then they should be able to gain entry into MBBS based on the merit of the exam," Dr Goyal said in his representation.
So far, GMCH-32 has been admitting NRI candidates on the basis of their Class 12 marks. In the last session, the college had six seats reserved for NRI candidates. For the session 2015-16, the number of NRI seats is yet to be decided. The college is also planning to make it mandatory for NRI candidates to qualify in the entrance examination.
If the NRI seats remain vacant, the seats will go to the general pool from where they will be distributed among different categories as per the roster. In Punjab, in the last session, only three such candidates could qualify in the AIPMT against around 100 MBBS seats.


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Mathematics is a core subject and is taught to all students at Key Stage 3 and Key Stage 4.
The school aims to provide an environment where every student can achieve their personal best and have the support that they need to do this. Mathematics is accessible to all and KES aims to provide stimulating and challenging lessons for all age ranges and abilities. Students are encouraged to work hard, become independent thinkers, and feel confident and secure with their knowledge of Mathematics. Lessons provide them the opportunity to learn how to solve problems in Mathematics and also in other subjects.
Mathematics rooms are fully resourced and up to date, with interactive whiteboards and mini whiteboards, as well as a variety of practical resources for use during lessons (for example: height and foot measurers, dice, puzzles, tangrams, tarsia jigsaws, PCs, etc).
Students are set end of year and end of Key Stage targets. Each student's progress is monitored carefully with targeted support or intervention implemented, in order to help all students be successful learners. This includes one-to-one or group tuition, Saturday morning revision classes and an extensive after school revision/support programme.
Each year, students have the opportunity to take part in the UK National Maths Challenges and many students achieve bronze, silver or gold certificates. Students attend a variety of trips and have recently visited two Institute of Education Mathematics Lectures. Students learn team working skills during our Business & Enterprise week through visits to a local outdoor pursuits centre.
Key Stage 3
The Key Stage 3 Mathematics course is based on the Key Stage 3 National Curriculum, covering: number; algebra; shape, space and measures and handling data as well as lessons on problem solving and ICT. Students are placed into sets early in Year 7, according to ability. Student sets are flexible and students may move sets if they continue to make better than or less than expected progress. This structure is continued through Years 7, 8 and 9, with each student receiving seven mathematics lessons per fortnight.
Homework is an integral part of the learning process and students are set homework each week. A Key Stage 3 homework and support club runs each Friday. Students are continuously tracked and progress measured against National Curriculum levels each term. The school also offers one-to-one tuition for students that are making less than expected progress.
The Mathematics Faculty has moved away from traditional talk and text methods of teaching and aims to make every lesson interesting. Students are taught using a variety of methods so every student's learning needs are accommodated. Mini-whiteboards, card sort activities and tariza puzzles, along with online resources, are regularly used to keep all students engaged and to help raise attainment.
Depending on student ability, each topic is taught to the appropriate level.
Students of all abilities cover the main branches of Mathematics at Key Stage 3. See below for an outline of the topics covered:
- Calculations, orders of operation, fractions, decimals, and percentages, factors, multiples, rounding and approximation
- Algebra
- Formulas, inequalities, expressions, substitution, equations, coordinates, graphs and sequences
- Handling data
- Recording and representing data, measures of average, probability and relative frequency
- Measures
- Reading and converting measurement units, perimeter, area, volume and time
- Shape and space
- Shapes, constructions, loci, transformations, angles, triangles, lines, polygons, symmetry, circles, Pythagoras' theorem
Key Stage 4
In Year 10, students are split into two mixed ability bands, which are each split into sets 1 to 6 based on ability. Class sizes are approximately twenty to twenty eight students per group. Students will sit either Higher Tier (A* - D) or Foundation Tier (C – G). The majority of students in the top three sets in each half will study Higher Tier Mathematics (which is designed for students who achieve a level 5a + by the end of Key Stage 3) and the other students will sit the Foundation Tier Paper.
A linear GCSE course (Edexcel-Pearson examination board) is followed. Currently, this GCSE is assessed by two, one hour forty five minute papers at the end of the course (a calculator and non calculator paper). Students have regular practise answering examination questions by using homework booklets which are based on past examination questions. A scheme of work has been developed within the faculty, which is updated on a yearly basis in line with current curriculum developments.
This qualification contains four key areas of study:
- Algebra and Number
- Geometry and Measures
- Statistics and Probability
- Processes and applications (choosing correct methods and problem solving)
The course content is covered across Years 10 and 11, with time given at the end of Year 11 for revision.
Students are regularly tested and those who need extra help are identified and supported. Many staff run after school revision classes which are available to support students with any questions they may have. There is also a weekly Enrichment Club after school each Monday, for students who wish to study Mathematics further and who enjoy problem solving. This approaches many interesting branches of Mathematics not included in GCSE and also supports students with the transition to AS Level Mathematics.
Exam board
Exam code
Mathematics A
Year 10
Term 1
Number, Algebra, Shape and Data
Term 2
Term 3
Year 11
Term 1
Number, Algebra, Shape and Data
Term 2
Link to specification: http://www.edexcel.com/quals/gcse/gcse10/maths/maths-a/Pages/default.aspx
For more information with regards to the spiral curriculum studied in Maths, please download the documents below.
Exam board
Exam code
Year 10
Term 1
Sampling, Types of Data, Diagrams and Representations
Term 2
Term 3
Year 11
Term 1
Sampling, Types of Data, Diagrams and Representations
Term 2
Link to specification: http://www.edexcel.com/quals/gcse/gcse09/statistics/Pages/default.aspx
Key Stage 5
The school follows the modular Edexcel-Pearson course for A2/AS Level Mathematics, with students studying modules in Decision Mathematics, Statistics and Mechanics as well as Core (or Pure Mathematics) Modules. Students take three modules in Year 12 and three in Year 13 which are sat in May/June of each year.
In addition, for the more able students in Year 13, there is the opportunity to take AS Further Mathematics.
There has been a significant increase in the number of students choosing to take A Level Mathematics which reflects our popularity and examination success in recent years.
Gifted and Talented Students
Projects and Opportunities on Offer
- The faculty takes part in the UK Maths Team Challenge in addition to inviting students to local junior, intermediate and senior challenges.
- Gifted and talented students are invited to extra-curricular Maths clubs to work on specific equations and areas of interest.
- KS4 and KS5 students run their own Maths club for younger students.
- Conferences are attended in London for those who have the potential to achieve A* and A grades.


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The Cricket Namibia office has moved offices. Please find our offices using the link below Love Street to Newton Street ,Aurecon Building
Namibia beats U.A.E
U.A.E beat Namibia by 36 runs – I-Cup
I-Cup: Nam vs U.A.E
Uganda wins ladies tournament.
Uganda scored a sensational three-wicket victory against Zimbabwe to win the ICC Women's World T20 Africa Qualifier in Windhoek on Saturday afternoon. After winning the toss and electing to bat, Zimbabwe scored 99/7, while Uganda reached the winning target with seven wickets down and three balls to spare. Uganda came into
I-Cup and World cricket league – Senior men's
Position Log
First time win for the Namibian ladies
ICC WWT20 Africa Qualifiers commences Tomorrow – Tournament Schedule
Players capped for the Africa Qualifiers Tournament
A squad of 14 players was announced for the tournament which starts in Windhoek on Friday, 8 September and will see five African nations in action, namely Namibia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. The winning nation will go through to the final round of qualifiers ahead of next year's T20 World


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By Jason La Canfora
Washington Post Staff Writer
Thursday, January 24, 2008
The Washington Redskins interviewed Jim Zorn for their offensive coordinator position yesterday, sources said, even as their choice of a new head coach remained unclear.
Zorn, the quarterbacks coach of the Seattle Seahawks, is well regarded by two of the top candidates to replace Joe Gibbs: former New York Giants coach Jim Fassel and Redskins assistant head coach-defense Gregg Williams.
League and team sources said yesterday afternoon that they expected Fassel would get the job, but as of late last night Redskins officials were still meeting to mull over their options, with no decision expected before today, a league source said. Members of the staff who have spoken to Williams recently said he doubts he would get the job, because he has not heard from team officials since his last interview last week.
After flying to Washington and interviewing with owner Daniel Snyder at his home, Zorn was expected to talk last night with Seahawks officials, who want to keep him on their staff. The Seahawks could promise to give him their offensive coordinator job when Coach Mike Holmgren retires, possibly after next season. That might be enough to persuade Zorn, a former Seahawks quarterback and a legendary figure in the city, to join fellow Seattle assistant Jim Mora in withdrawing his name from Redskins consideration.
Zorn could not be reached to comment. The Seahawks eliminated the Redskins from the playoffs two of the past three seasons.
Also, in the event Williams is passed over and leaves, the Redskins have discussed hiring another Fassel favorite, Rex Ryan, as defensive coordinator, sources said. But Ryan, the defensive coordinator for the Baltimore Ravens the past three seasons, might not be free even if he wanted the job. The Ravens changed head coaches and gave their assistants permission to interview with other teams, but the team contends it has the contractual right to keep Ryan from taking another defensive coordinator's job.
The possible hiring of Fassel has been greeted with strong derision by fans, who filled the team-sponsored chat room and the comments section of The Washington Post's Redskins blog with hundreds of anti-Fassel postings since reports that he had interviewed with Snyder. The majority of calls to local sports talk radio stations have also been negative.
Fassel had a 58-53-1 record as coach of the New York Giants from 1997 to 2003, but finished 4-12 in his final season before being fired and had an unsuccessful stint as an offensive assistant for Baltimore, from 2004 to '06 (he was fired in October of that season). Part of Fassel's appeal, league sources said, is his foundation in the quarterback position, having helped develop Phil Simms and John Elway into stars early in their careers.
Fassel has a longtime friendship with Holmgren, Zorn's coach in Seattle since 2001, and the progress of young quarterback Jason Campbell, a former first-round pick with 20 career starts, is paramount in Washington's next coaching regime, league sources said. Zorn's work with Matt Hasselbeck and Seneca Wallace, as well as with rookie Charlie Batch when Zorn was with Detroit, earned him praise.
Al Saunders, Washington's associate head coach-offense, replaced Gibbs as the Redskins' play-caller after being signed to a hefty contract in 2005, but league sources said Snyder and executive vice president of football operations Vinny Cerrato have soured on the offense after two seasons and discussed possible replacements with numerous candidates who have interviewed for the head coaching job. The team could retain Saunders, though hiring a new coordinator would make that unlikely.
Zorn has flourished both teaching and playing the quarterback position.
His playing career began with Seattle in 1976 (the franchise's first season), and he played nine seasons with the Seahawks. After departing Seattle, he continued his playing career with the Green Bay Packers (1985), the Canadian Football League's Winnipeg Blue Bombers (1986) and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers (1987). Zorn is one of only eight players inducted into the Seahawks' Ring of Honor.
Zorn spent eight seasons coaching in the collegiate ranks. He spent two seasons (1995-96) as quarterbacks coach at the University of Minnesota after coordinating Utah State's offense from 1992 to '94. His first collegiate coaching job was as an offensive assistant/quarterbacks coach at Boise State from 1989 to '91.
The Redskins had previously only interviewed candidates for the head coaching opening, but Zorn was flown to town from the Senior Bowl in Mobile, Ala., where he had been scouting with the Seattle staff. He departed Washington late yesterday afternoon.
Fassel completed his second interview Monday, sources said, leaving a favorable impression with Snyder. Fassel nearly got the Redskins job in 2004, before Snyder lured Gibbs, a Hall of Fame coach, out of retirement late in the process.
Williams met four times with Snyder for the position and had Gibbs's support, sources said, but some who have talked to Snyder said the owner is apprehensive about hiring him despite the support of players and coaches.
The Redskins also interviewed Indianapolis defensive assistant Ron Meeks and Tennessee defensive assistant Jim Schwartz for the head coaching job. While their teams could block lateral moves for those candidates as well, the hiring of Fassel could lead to either being a candidate for a position on Washington's staff. Meeks had not been contacted since his interview, league sources said, while Schwartz was close to signing an extension with Tennessee.
Should the Redskins opt to wait until after the Super Bowl, they could interview members of the New York and New England staffs, including Giants defensive coordinator Steve Spagnuolo and Patriots offensive coordinator Josh McDaniels, who were pursued for other head coaching vacancies this offseason.
Hiring from outside the organization would almost certainly lead to an exodus of staff members. Most of Washington's coaches are also at the Senior Bowl and they have not been apprised of the status of the coaching search since Gibbs retired Jan. 8.
Redskins Note: Chris Cooley and Chris Samuels will honor the late Sean Taylor by wearing No. 21 jerseys in the Pro Bowl on Feb. 10 in Hawaii. The jerseys will bear the names of Cooley and Samuels, and Taylor's number. Afterward, the jerseys will be sold on nflauction.nfl.com, with the proceeds going to the Sean Taylor Memorial Trust Fund, set up to benefit his daughter, Jackie. Taylor was voted to the NFC team at free safety.
Staff writer Jason Reid contributed to this report.
View all comments that have been posted about this article.


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I wanted the WnW to add to my little tombstone collection. Here's what I have so far. I actually have 2 of the Claw Polish tombstones as well.
There are 4 in this collection. I'm missing Purple Potion. There's also an alternate Black Magic that is a rainbow glitter. I'm not sure why they did that, but whatever...I guess that means I technically have 2 more of these to get. I know they have older "Fantasy Makers" polishes. But I only really want the tombstones. They're cute!!!


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2017 Chicago Auto Show Photo Gallery: See the Cars Kia Had on Display
The Chicago Auto Show has been a monumental location for many reveals and vehicle upgrades throughout the years. This year was no different, with many automakers unveiling some serious potential in the Windy City.
Kia debuted the 2018 Stinger in Los Angeles last month and brought two variations of the groundbreaking vehicle to the Chicago Auto Show. Other fun vehicles included multiple concepts like the autonomous Kia Soul First Class, the School of Rock Sedona, the Niro Triathlon, and the Niro that broke the Guinness World Record for lowest fuel consumption driving from coast to coast.
Below you'll find a collection of all of the Kia vehicles that were on display at the 2017 Chicago Auto Show, including exterior and interior views.
Related: How the Niro broke that Guinness World Record
Exclusive Interior & Exterior Photos of Kia's Newest Vehicles
Catering to Active Lifestyles: Kia wins big with the Cadenza and Soul


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"Exciting Changes Ahead"
- Work/Life Balance
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
- Comp & Benefits
- Senior Management
Helpful (1)
I have been working at Symantec full-time (More than a year)
+New CEO,Steve Bennett is changing the culture to become more proactive and to have employees and management take ownership as leaders.(Top Down, Bottom Up Approach)
+Culture is quickly improving to become more transparent and accountable
+Reenergized workforce
+Clearer visibility of goals and objectives
*The changes envisioned will take a lot of time and energy on everyone's behalf, some people have more difficulty with change than others.
Advice to Management
Stay the course and focus on the positive opportunities ahead.
Helpful (3)
Great benefits and campus in general. The company has great opportunity for learning.
The company acquired too many businesses. They do not know what to do with them. They also acquired two identical companies, which for two years could not come up with one solution for the product. A lot of time is wasted for useless meetings. A lot of similar positions. Just tell me, why do you need three program managers for less than 50 emploees producing a single product? Why do you need so many managers taking care of Program Managers, Technical Writers, QA? Most of these managers do not even know what they are doing. Management is a big problem for the company. There is so much politics everywhere. You simply don't have time to do the job.
Advice to Management
I am not sure that CEO knows what is going on in his divisions. He made the correct decision to cut the management, but it is also necessary to Replace the current managers. All of them and everywhere! Hire different people with an open mind and good technical knowledge instead of your current managers. Make sure that if people are working on the product for several months, this product is released. Don't waste shareholders' money for salaries, which do not produce anything for the company. Make sure that the company is making a good quality product. Stop outsoursing jobs. Hire less people in the US, and they will work a lot harder than in the other countries where you don't have any control. Create a list with the products you want to create and make sure that this is what is going to happen. Control every department and make sure that they are making the product and do not release something that has just bug fixes (and they claim it as a new product line:-)
I have been working at Symantec full-time (More than a year)
Great culture, working environment, cooperative co-workers
hard to come back to a big company after working at start-ups.


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no subjectDate: 2017-02-13 03:43 am (UTC)
From: x-topaz.livejournal.com
Correct me if I'm wrong, but you can blow things up.
That seems like it's also a viable option
That seems like it's also a viable option
no subjectDate: 2017-02-13 03:45 am (UTC)
From: x-plosive.livejournal.com
I *do* have powers practice this week.
no subjectDate: 2017-02-13 03:50 am (UTC)
From: x-topaz.livejournal.com
Probably better than sending it back and letting him return whatever it is to get his money back
From: x-plosive.livejournal.com
I can send back the pieces!


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Go to:
Just Seafood Recipes Home Page
Click/Tap 'Back' to go to the recipe list you were browsing.
Baked Sea Bass, Portuguese Style
3 lb Sea bass fillets, 1" thick
1 ts Salt
2 tb Flour
2 md Sliced onions
1/4 c Olive oil
1/3 c White wine vinegar
3 Cloves garlic, mashed or Minced
1 ts Prepared yellow mustard
2 tb Dried parsley
1 tb Fresh lemon juice
1/4 c Dry white wine
1/4 ts Ground coriander
Sprinkle fish with salt; lightly dust with flour. Arrange fish in shallow 8*12" baking dish. Saute' onions in olive oil in skillet until limp; place over fish. Combine wine vinegar, garlic, oregano, mustard, parsley, coriander & lemon juice; mix well & pour over fish. Pour wine around fish; bake, uncovered, in 350 oven for about 45 minutes. Pollock or halibut may be used.
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What does modernization mean?
Definitions for modernization
Here are all the possible meanings and translations of the word modernization.
Princeton's WordNet
modernization, modernisation(noun)
making modern in appearance or behavior
"the modernization of Nigeria will be a long process"
a modernized version (as of a play)
the process of modernizing
Webster Dictionary
the act of rendering modern in style; the act or process of causing to conform to modern of thinking or acting
Modernization or modernisation refers to a model of an evolutionary transition from a 'pre-modern' or 'traditional' to a 'modern' society. The teleology of modernization is described in social evolutionism theories, existing as a template that has been generally followed by societies that have achieved modernity. While it may theoretically be possible for some societies to make the transition in entirely different ways, there have been no counterexamples provided by reliable sources. Historians link modernization to the processes of urbanization and industrialisation, as well as to the spread of education. As Kendall notes, "Urbanization accompanied modernization and the rapid process of industrialization." In sociological critical theory, modernization is linked to an overarching process of rationalisation. When modernization increases within a society, the individual becomes that much more important, eventually replacing the family or community as the fundamental unit of society. Modernization theory and history have been explicitly used as guides for countries eager to develop rapidly, such as China. Indeed, modernization has been proposed as the most useful framework for World history in China, because as one of the developing countries that started late, "China's modernization has to be based on the experiences and lessons of other countries.".
Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms
See military capability.
Chaldean Numerology
The numerical value of modernization in Chaldean Numerology is: 8
Pythagorean Numerology
The numerical value of modernization in Pythagorean Numerology is: 1
Sample Sentences & Example Usage
Any religious modernization will ultimately be against al-Azhar, since it is the conservative fortress in the system.
China's expanding strategic reach and extensive modernization requirements will continue to require significant investment over the next decade.
In order to defuse problems and risks, avoid falling into the 'middle income trap', and achieve modernization, China must rely on development and development requires an appropriate growth rate, at the same time, China's economic development has entered a 'new normal'.
It is not an economy that's built for the 21st century. Unfortunately, those forces for modernization inside of Russia, I think, have been sidelined. That's bad for Russia and, over time, it's bad for the United States, because if Russia is doing badly, the concern is that they revert to old expansionist ideas that really shouldn't have any application in the 21st century.
I became alarmed as soon as I started seeing technical intelligence reports on China's modernization programs. I could say the same of Russia's modernization programs as well. We came out of the Cold War with a very dominant military. We demonstrated that military conclusively in the first Gulf War and we used it effectively against any conventional force since. Since 2001 we've been involved in counter insurgency, the precision-munitions revolution that we demonstrated has been emulated by others.
Images & Illustrations of modernization
Translations for modernization
From our Multilingual Translation Dictionary
- تحديثArabic
- modernitzacióCatalan, Valencian
- modernizaceCzech
- ModernisierungGerman
- modernizaciónSpanish
- modernisointiFinnish
- modernisationFrench
- modernizációHungarian
- modernizzazioneItalian
- 近代化, 現代化Japanese
- 現代化, 현대화Korean
- модернизација, осовременувањеMacedonian
- moderniseringDutch
- modernizaçãoPortuguese
- модернизацияRussian
- moderniseringSwedish
- ఆధునికీకరణTelugu
- hiện đại hoáVietnamese
Get even more translations for modernization »
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