text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Oct 28, 1952
|Filing date
|Jun 26, 1948
|Priority date
|Jun 26, 1948
|Publication number
|Brock John B, Holt Marcus L
|Original Assignee
|Brock John B, Holt Marcus L
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (24), Classifications (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Oct. 28, 1952 M. L. HOLT ETAL 2,615,773
VENDING MACHINE FOR CYLINDRICAL ARTICLES Filed June 26, 1948 3 Sheets-Shut 1 V E N TOPS 77Zczrczzs L Holt and JQ/UL Brock Oct. 28, 1952 M, L HOLT TAL 2,615,773
VENDING MACHINE FOR CYLINDRICAL ARTICLES Filed June 26, 1948 5 Smets-Shoot 2 5,5; I. 77I i BY Jo/UL mc/ 79 82 Magg@ Zifoflzgg 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 /A/ VEN TOPS.' llaf'cusl. /olt and Jokin rock BMM fZ-e allor/gy M L HOLT E1' AL VENDING MACHINE FOR CYLINDRICAL ARTICLES Oct. 28, 1952 Filed June 26, 1948 the like.
Yl'atenteci ct. 28, 1952 Marcus L. Holt, Lbokout Mountain, Tenn., and John B.' Brock, Adarsville, Ga.
A Applicaupmne '26, 194s, seriai No. 35,414
This invention relates to vending machines,
and more particularly to such machines ofthe l coin operated type adapted tothe dispensing, of
packaged goods, such as bottledsoftdrinks and One of the objects of our invention is '-,to "prim vide a vending machine wherein efectivemuse is made of package holding space within the .machine, and from which space the `f packages gravtate in an orderly mannerv for 'unitary dispensing controlled by a rugged and relatively inexpensive'control mechanism.
y Considered somewhat more specifically, `.our vending machine has within its purview 'the provision of a vending mechanism in which packaged goods are sequentially fed by gravity intoy al double row column from sloping shelves oriOppQ- site sides of the column, and in which 'column the packaged goods are disposed in anjalte'rnating staggered relationship for individual release by a single dispensing control mechanism.
Another object of the invention is to provide a vending machine for packaged articlesfwherein said articles await singular release for dispensing in a double row vertical column, in
iioia'imis. (ci. S12-4s) l ,ingmechanism shown "an exemplary illustration of the installation of which column the rowslaterally overlap`,. with ,v
the articles in contact and supported by two movable elementsoperable in timedsequence by a single driven actuating mechanism to release the lowermost article of the column While those above it are supported and lowered. ,4 As a ,further object, our invention comprehends the provision of a dispensing control mechanism for effecting singular release ofharticles from a doublerow Vertical columnin which the articles overlap in alternate relationshipl lat-` f erally of the columnan`d inywhich mechanism two driven article supporting elements are actuated from a common power source and in predetermined relationship to release the ylowermost articlel from the column, support vtheref maining articles in the column while the one is released, and lower the .articles of the' column so that another is positioned for release. o'
Other objects and advantages of the inven tion will be apparent from the following description and the` accompanying drawings in which similar characters of reference indicate) similar parts through `the several views.
Referring to the three sheets of drawings,
Fig.. l is a frontpelevational view cfa storage and vending unit for a vending machine embodying a preferred form ofourinvention;
Fig. 2 isa fragmentary side elevational view of the vlower portion -ofthek storage andv .vend-, v
' the articles to be vended so as to minimize the in Fig. 1 which provides the storage and vending unit in an enclosure, and whereinthe section is taken substantially 'on a line"2-2 of Fig. l and in the'direction indicatedv by the arrows; y V
Fig. 3 is a top sectional view wherein the section is taken substantially on the line 3-3 of Fig. l and an'ex`ern1olary enclosure for the storlines;A and l f Figs; 4 and 5 are fragmentary front sectional 'age and vending unit'is depicted in dot and dash ,viewsr taken' substantially on a line--44 of Fig.
3 and wherein different Aoperating positions of Lthe vending mechanism are illustrated.
In the` exemplary embodiment of our inven- `tion whichfis show inthe accompanying drawrings for illustrative purposes, our vending machine is depicted in an yadaptation to the dispensing of bottled beverages. For the vending of any particular kind or sizeof article which is suited to the use ofthe mechanism, the sizes of the parts andthe type of enclosure sares'uited to the article. `4In the present instance, and as is usual, the bottled beverages are cooled before being dispensed. lFor such purposes, an outerenclosure I0 `(indicated in Figs. 2r and 3) is utilized which has heat insulating walls such as I2, I3 and I4, a heat insulating front panel I5 and a movable service door I6. Spaces such as II and I8 are provided at the sides and vtop of the heat insulating front panel for access to a storage and vending unit I9 which is 'mounted within the outer enclosure for holding and effecting controlled `dispensing of articles-from Within the enclosure. A dispensing chute 20 extends through an opening 22 in the door, which,A chute provides an outlet for the articles from the interior of the enclosure as they are dispensed. By preference, an insulating trap door 23 has a top hinge support 24 and is mounted in the inner end of the dispensing lchute 20 for outward swinging movementv rto allow` vpassage of vended articles outwardly of the chute while reducing heat losses and pref venting unauthorized persons from gaining acce'ss'to'the interior of the enclosure. y
j Invending machines for bottled goods or other packaged articles, the conservation andv efiicientv "use of storage space are of importance.
It is not only desirable to store a large quantity of frequency of relling operations, but also to provide cooling time for refrigerated articles. From the service standpoint, it is of further irnportance that; the articles shell be fed automatically to a dispensing control mechanism by a structure having little likelihood of jamming or getting out of order in other ways.
In the disclosed embodiment of our invention, we have provided an effective and efficient storage and dispensing unit which not only has the aforementioned desirable characteristics, but which is also readily and easily rellable. As depicted in the drawings, the storage and dispensing unit |9 is preferably constructed as a unitary assembly, which assembly vincludes -aV base frame 25 forming a part of a support structure, and which base frame includes front and rear lateral support members 26 and 12.1 respec tively secured together near their lateral midportion by parallel frame members '28 and v 29 which frame members 28 and 29 define an opening 3| through the mid-portion of the frame base structure and are disposed equidistantly on opposite sides of a lateral center line of the base.
y Atvopposite sides of the base frame I25, side panels 30 and 32 are secured toandsupported by side channel members 33.and 34 respectively, which side channelmembers are secured .to the outer ends of the lateral support members Z6 and It is by preference also, that the width of the side panels 30 and 32 is dependentsomewhat upon the length of the articles which are to be dispensed, and that they are disposed in opposed relationship at the longitudinal mid-portion of the side channel members and spaced-somewhat from each of the front and rear lateral support members 26 and 21. At the opposite sides of the Vside panels 30 and 32, we have provided flanges 35, 36, 31 and 38 for stifening purposes. Also,
`a front panel 39 (shown in Figs. 2 and 3 and removed for purposes of disclosure in Fig. 1) is secured to and covers the space `between the fronts of the opposed side-panels 39 and 32.
Extending inwardly of the frame structure from the panel 30 is substantially parallel and vertically spaced relationship is a series of shelves 40 which, at their outer ends, have integrally formed flanges 42 `secured to the inner surface of the side panel 3D by spot welding or the like.
In like manner, the panel 32 carries a series of vertically spaced and substantially parallel shelves 43 having vintegral mounting flanges 44 secured to the panel 32 by spot welding or the like. In the disclosed structure, the shelves 40 and 43 also have integral flanges 45 and 46 respectively extending along the edges .thereof remote from the front panel 39. The shelves of each series slope downwardly toward the shelves of the other series; the downward slope and vertical spacing of the shelves =being such that articles such as bottles 41 are received for free movement between the shelves and will be moved by gravity inwardly along the shelves. The last shelf of each series has its inner end resting against one of the parallel frame members 28 and 29, and all of the shelves preferably terminate substantially at the planes -of the opposed surfaces of the parallel frame members 28 and 29, so that their inner ends dene an'open channel 48 extending upwardly above the opening 3|.
In the disclosed embodiment of our invention, the lateral spacing of the vadjacent ends of the shelves 4|) and 43 is such, and is so related to the lateral dimensions of the articles to be dispensed, that the articles gravitating into the laterally overlapping and vertically staggered with respect to those of the other row. With this arrangement of parts, the articles or bottles in the double row column are in contact, and gravitate downwardly as articles are released from the bottom of the column. It may be noted that as the articles are singly. released at the bottom of the column, the bottommost article of the column is first on one side of the column and then on the other. It may be further be noted that the articles pass from the holding and dispensing structure .I9 through the opening 3| between the parallel frame members 28 and 29.
When the holding and dispensing structure is initially filled, articles are placed in the channel between the shelf ends and on the successive shelves until the column and shelves are filled to their capacity. As the articles are then removed at the bottom of the column, articles from the. shelves gravitate sequentially into the column and downwardly through the column. As'shown in Figs. 1 and 3,;the lowermost shelf such as 43 of one series has on its vupper surface a switch plate 49 which may be either thin and resilient or hinged near its outer end, as at a line 50-(Fig. 3), with the outer end portion thereof secured tothe shelf. The switch plate 49, near its inner end, engages a switch actuating lever 52 and Vis biased upwardly away from the shelf surface. The switchactuating 'lever 52, in turn, -actuates a switch 53 in response to movements of the switch plate. Thus, as long'as'there is an article on the rshelf which carries the switch plate 49, Vthe weight ol' that article on the'swltch plate will hold the switch in one of its operating positions. However, when the last article is removed from the switch plate, the switch 53 willvbe changed to the other of its operating "positions and will remain in the latter 'position` until additional articlesare placed in the holding anddispenslng structure and on the shelf which carries the switch plate. -V
In the preferred embodiment of our invention which is disclosed herein, we effect control of the .dispensing of articles fromthe lower end ,01E the double row column and through the opening 3| by two movable article-retaining elements 54 and v55, both of which areactuated in a predetermined manner and sequence, singly to releasethe lowermost article of .the column and to retain and lower the remaining articles'of the column. By preference, the article-retaining elements which we `have utilizedhave bail type mid-portions displaced Afrom an axis of lateral swinging-movement and are so disposed with referenceto the lateral mid-portion of thelower end of the channel 48 that they are separately movable into engagement with articles of either row. That is, the
K 'article-retaining element '54 has va bail type, midment 55 has a bail type mid-portionV 64 displaced .channel 48 from the shelves 40 and'43 form a.,
from an axis of swinging movement defined by aligned end portions 65 and 66, which vlatter end portions are supported for rotationalmovement in bearing bores 61 and v68 respectivelyin the lateral support strips 62 and |53. These bail type article-retaining elements extend longitudinally across 'the opening 3| between `the parallel-'frame members ZBand 29,with the axes of their lrespective 'aligned end portions displaced vertically Ifrom one another in a plane which is substantially midway between' the planes defined` by the opposed ends of the shelves A40 and 43. i
v At their front or forward ends, the article-retaining elements 54 and 55 are provided with crankV type end portions B9 and 10 respectively, which crank type end portions, in the present instance, each lie in the general plane of their respective end bearing portions and jmid-portions. The crank type end'portions 69 and "10 havev forwardly Vprojecting 'ends 1 2 and13 respective'ly.
' At a position spacedk forwardly of the crank type end portionsv E9 and 18, a shaft 14' is'supported for rotation by laterally displaced support brackets and 18 which" are v,secured to the frontY lateral support 'member 26 of the base frame.v Between'the support brackets 15 and 1t, a cam 11 ismounted upon and drivinglyvconnected to the shaft14. The cam 11 has a channel typeftrack 18 whichissubstantially concentric with the axis of` the Ishaft 14 and has axially displaced dwell fand :swing portions 19' and`v80resp'ectively which slidably receive Aand control the y positions of fthev ends :12' and 13 `of the articleretaining elements.
Normallyl and -whenuthe disclosed mechanism lis at'rest, the ,camV and article-retaining elements occupy positionssubstantially as shownin Fig. 5. As'there shown and viewed, the mid-portion of the article'retaining element 55 underlies and supports'the lowermost article of 'the column which, inthe instance shown, is the lowermost article of the left'hand row.` The article'sabove that lowermost one, and in both rows, are supported through the said lowermost article., As viewed in Figs..4 andf5,the direction of rotation of the shaft 14 vand cam 11 is such that the fiorward surface -of the cam moves downwardly.
Thus,ffrom the normal position'show'n in Fig. 5,'
the end 1320i the article retaining element 55y is entering oneswing portion 80 of the cam, so that the mid-portion 64 of that article-retaining element will be swung away from its supporting position 4beneath the bottommostI article during the first` part of the cam movement. The end 12 of the articleretaining element 54, however, enters one dwell portion 19 of the cam which is'of substantially the .same length as the swing portion 80. As the bottommost article is released by the retaining element 55, the retaining element 54 remains in a position such that the mid-portion 56 thereof engages the succeeding article and thus'suppo'rts the remaining articles of the column. y o
The cam 11 turns one-half of a revolution for the release vof each article. It yhas two similar dwell portions on opposite sides thereof and also has similar swing portions on its opposite sides, adjoined at their ends to provide a continuous channel. The previously described release of the bottommost article, in the present instance, during which release the upper articles are supported by the retaining element 54, requires about half of the shaft-and cam movement necessary for vending each article. During the latter part of the cam movement, the end'13 of the articleretaining element '55 rides in a dwell portion of the cam and thus stays under the row to which it was moved during the first part of the cam movement. The end 12 of the article retaining element 54, however, moves laterally during the latter part of the cam movement to let the articles supported thereby gravitate downwardly to a position for dispensing another-article from the other row `and'by a similar sequence of operations withy the movements vof the article-retaining elements alternating" invdire'ctions #for the successive dispensing operations'. Y f
' ner chute and slide alongthat chute to 'the chute 20 and by their force'of movement open ajtrap door `23 `and 'emerge from the vending'machine.
For actuating the dispensing control mechanism, we utilize av motor 83 (carried bya bracket ,8 4 from the front lateral-support member 26` of the base frame. The motor 83 is drivinglycon- Y nected to a shaft 85th`rough `speed reducing `gears 86.` At `one end,y the shaft 85 is drivingly connected through a ratchet release clutch81to Athe shaft 14;' the ratchet release clutch being of a'conventional type, provided by AVpreference, to relieve the driving force applied'to thef'shaft 14 from the motor if, by some 'unusual circumstance, the vending mechanism should become jammed i in the process of releasing an article. 30
On the end of the shaft`85, opposite the ratchet release clutch 81, a switch actuator 88 'is mounted for rotation with the shaft.'` The switch actuator is so constructed and'arranged that` each 'time the.y motor'83 is started, .asv by the'l insertion'of a coin through a coinfslide, the rswitchactuator effects operation of a swit'ch afterA each cycle of dispensing movementof thecam 11 to stop ythe motor. rIn the presentinstanomvthe Switch 89 iS Supported from the lateral support;Y member 25 of the base frame.
- As maybe observed withrespect `to the described structur'e, of `rour lvvending machine, the article storage and vending unit, Whichyincludes the shelf structure withY the intermediate channel, the innerchute and `the dispensing'control mechanism including the drive and control parts therefor, is .assembled as a unitary structure for mounting'within the outer enclosure l0. Itmay ,also be removed, as such, for repair service orreplacement, if desired. In the present instance, thebase frame issecured to the enclosure walls, and a plate 90 which is secured to the unit and extends along the back surface thereof hasedge flanges 92 which arealso ,removably secured to the housingr Wall. l
From the foregoing description ofl vstructure and operation of the preferred embodiment of our invention which is' disclosed herein, it "may be readily vunderstood that we have provided a storage and vendingunit for an article vending machine, which unit effectively utilizes space for the storage of articles to be vended and is so constructed andarranged that relatively few moving parts are employedfand consistnt,trouble free operation is attained.' i
While we have illustrated afpreferred embodiment of our invention, many modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and we do not wish to be limited to the precise details of construction set forth, but desire to avail ourselves of all changes within the scope of the appendedclaims. Having thus described our inventiom what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:
einem 1. In a vending machine for packaged articles,
-tion of the lower end of-achannelthroug'h which said articles freely gravitate in adouble -row col- .umn with the articles -of :one row laterally voverlapping and vertically staggered with respect to the articles of -the other row, .said elements 'having aligned .end portionsdening .axes of swinging movementv at .the lateralmid-.portion of the channel and eachhavinga `bailportion displaced'from ,proportioned .and .disposed Vat lpositions such that l.the bail ,portion of the article-retaining elements 'normally extend angularly downwardly .and to-oppositesides o'f-the respective axes so as to underlie the bottom articles ofthe rows to support said articles, said cammeans and the relative .positions of engagement of the crank-type .end portions 4therewith further being such 'that said article-retaining elements are swung in reverse directions `from oneside of the axes to the other in timedsequence .to release the bottom articleand to retain andlower'the other articles, and means 'for driving the cam means.
'2. In a vending machine -for packaged articles, the .combination comprising two article-retaining elements having portions movable laterally at the lower end of a channel 'through 'which `said articles freely gravitate in a double .row column .with the articles of one row laterally overlapping and vertically staggered with respect tothe articles of the other row, each element `having a path of movement extending across the vlateral midplane 'of the channelfthe said paths `of -movement of .the article-retaining elements 'being spaced vertically AVof the channel so that each is independently movable `relative to `the other, saidar- -ticle-retaining elements'also each having camengagingportions at one end of and extending -from the laterally movable portion thereof, a single Acam engagingsaid cam engaging-portions of the article-retaining elements 4atgsepavrated positions, said cam having -dwell and actuating Aportions shaped `and disposed at positions such that Lthe laterally movable portion of the article-retaining elements normally-extend to oppositesides 'of'said mid-plane of the channel so as to underlie the bottom articles of the rows to support thev articles, said cam .drivingly engaging with 'the cam engaging portions at separatedpositionsso as to effect a lateral movement o'f saidarticle-retaining elements in reverse directions and in timed sequence to release the bottommos't article and to retain .and'lower the others, .and means for driving the cam.
3. In a vending machine for packaged articles, the combination comprising .two article-retaining .elements having portions movable laterallyat the lower end ofa channel through which said arti- `cles fjrreely-glavitate inadouble row column with thearticles oflone row laterally overlapping and vertically .staggered -with respect to the .articles of the other frowfeach element 'having a path 'of movement extending across the late ral'mtd-plane .of .the channel, the said paths of movement of said movablezportions-of the article-retaining Blements being spaced vertically 'of the channel so that each is 'independently .movable relative 'to the other, said movableportions or `the articleretaining elements .each normally extending t0 one side of said mid-.plane of the 'channel 'so 'as to underlie the lowermost article of Yone .of the rows, single cam means drivingly connected 'to said article-retaining elements to 'eiect movements of .said article-retaining elements across saidmid-plane 'of fthe channel .in reverse directions andin'timed sequenceto one another to reylease'the lowermost article of 'the column andto retain and flower the others, and'm'eansior drivingthecam.
.4. In a vendingmachinefor packaged articles, the combination comprising two ball type .articleretaining elements extending across the lower end of a channel 'through which said 'articles freely gravitate ina double 4row column with'the articles of one row laterally overlapping 'and 'vertically staggered with respect to 4the articles ot the other row, .each element extending longitudi- .nally of the articles and having valignedefnd porit-underliesithe bottom varticle of one row y'tn'support the articles, said cam also having saicl dwell and swing portions alternated so that the 'cranktype actuating portions effect swinging vmovements of said article-retainingelements in'reverse directions and from one row 'tothe other in timed sequence to one another Yto release 'the bottom article and to .retain and 'lower the other articles, andmeans for driving the cam.
REFERENCES CITED The following references .are of record `in .the
Afile .of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,351,432 Jennings -et al. June '13, T1944 2,369,882 Brock Feb. 20, 1945 A2,438,503 Holt Mar. v30, r1948 2,440g251 Devens Apr. 27, '1948 '2,453,280 Stewart Nov. "9, 1948
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 27, 1941
|Jun 13, 1944
|O D Jennings & Company
|Vending machine
|Sep 21, 1943
|Feb 20, 1945
|Brock John B
|Vending machine
|May 8, 1946
|Mar 30, 1948
|John B Brock
|Vending machine
|Jun 21, 1944
|Apr 27, 1948
|Devens Joseph M
|Vending machine
|Sep 4, 1944
|Nov 9, 1948
|Marks Stewart Wilson
|Coin controlled vending machine
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 2, 1952
|Sep 11, 1956
|Vendo Co
|Article releasing mechanism for vending machines
|Feb 1, 1952
|Nov 13, 1956
|Universal Vendor Company
|Dispensing or vending machine
|Jun 18, 1956
|Mar 4, 1958
|Steelemade Inc
|Vending machines
|Feb 21, 1955
|May 27, 1958
|Vendo Co
|Magazine for the storage of articles
|Apr 2, 1956
|Mar 22, 1960
|Vendo Co
|Vending machine having article releasing mechanism
|Apr 2, 1956
|Sep 6, 1960
|Vendo Co
|Mechanism for releasing articles of vending machines
|Feb 20, 1961
|Sep 1, 1964
|L W Menzimer
|Dispensing device
|Mar 10, 1958
|Jan 12, 1965
|Ferro Stamping Co
|Vending machine
|May 14, 1962
|Aug 31, 1965
|L W Menzimer
|Cam operated article releasing means
|Feb 14, 1962
|Oct 5, 1965
|Westinghouse Electric Corp
|Article dispensing mechanism
|Feb 11, 1963
|Oct 5, 1965
|Westinghouse Electric Corp
|Dispensing apparatus
|Aug 6, 1962
|Oct 12, 1965
|Fida Spa
|Dispenser for cylindrical articles and the like e.g. bottles and cans
|Oct 9, 1996
|Mar 16, 1999
|The Coca-Cola Company
|Vending machine
|Mar 20, 1998
|Mar 13, 2001
|The Coca-Cola Company
|Vending machine
|Dec 21, 2000
|Apr 29, 2003
|The Coca-Cola Company
|Vending machine
|Jun 2, 2000
|Jun 24, 2003
|The Coca-Cola Company
|Vending machine and a shelf support assembly
|Feb 25, 2005
|Nov 18, 2008
|Sandenvendo America, Inc.
|Vending machine and component parts
|Oct 30, 2007
|Nov 2, 2010
|Sanden Vendo America, Inc.
|Product delivery systems for vending machines
|Oct 30, 2007
|Nov 23, 2010
|Sanden Vendo America, Inc.
|Product acquisition devices and methods for vending machines
|Oct 30, 2007
|Feb 15, 2011
|Sandenvendo America, Inc.
|Modular cabinet for vending machines
|Oct 30, 2007
|Mar 8, 2011
|Sanden Vendo America, Inc.
|Calibration systems for machines
|Oct 30, 2007
|Apr 24, 2012
|Sandenvendo America, Inc.
|Retrieval systems for vending machines
|Aug 21, 2008
|Mar 5, 2009
|Larry Hieb
|Front Panels for Vending Machines
|Sep 8, 2010
|Mar 10, 2011
|Sanden Vendo America, Inc.
|Vending Machine for Large Product Containers
|U.S. Classification
|221/67, 221/289, 221/111
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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Michael Rosenfeld Gallery
24 West 57th Street
Through tomorrow
Given that there is arguably and intermittently a feminine sensibility, this striking show excavates its darker side, as found in the art of seven women from the 1950's and 60's, just before the full-blown emergence of the women's movement. That timing may be germane to the sense of smoldering anger and uningratiating power that much of this work exudes, as well as its indelicate uses of techniques like sewing and jewelry making.
The show includes some usual suspects: examples of Louise Bourgeois's early wood sculpture, of Lee Bontecou's glowering reliefs and of Louise Nevelson's black compartmentalized black sculptures, as well as a plainer, more totemic Nevelson from 1955. Less familiar are examples of Nancy Spero's dark, furious gouaches from 1960, the later rose paintings of Jay de Feo and three wire sculptures by Claire Falkenstein, which suggest ostentatiously enlarged brooches. Especially impressive are the two sewn-leather reliefs and a wood sculpture by Nancy Grossman, which may have been influenced by Ms. Bontecou's and Nevelson's work but have a kinky strength all their own.
This ensemble, which has been organized by the critic and independent curator Arlene Raven, expands the notion of the feminine -- right into so-called masculine territory. The work coheres formally and emotionally without any loss of individuality. If it had been produced by male artists, it would probably have been brought together at the time it was made, shaped into a movement, given a label and batted back and forth across the net of critical discourse countless times. It may or may not be better this way. ROBERTA SMITHContinue reading the main story


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Lee and Concklin Headline Athletic Department Award Winners at W&L The Washington and Lee Department of Athletics held its annual Athletics Awards Ceremony at Lee Chapel on Tuesday evening. The event, made possible by the generosity of the... Full Story
Numerous W&L Students Earn Winter Scholar-Athlete Awards Washington and Lee Director of Athletics Jan Hathorn has announced that 233 students earned Scholar-Athlete awards during the recently completed winter term. The students are all... Full Story
W&L Riding Finishes Fifth at ODAC Championships The Washington and Lee riding team totaled 9 points to finish in fifth place at the ODAC Championship on Wednesday at the Kirby Riding Ring and Stables on the campus of Hollins... Full Story
W&L Riding Finishes Second at UVA IHSA Invitational The Washington and Lee riding team totaled 24 points to finish second out of nine teams at the University of Virginia IHSA Invitational on Sunday. Full Story
General News
General News


text:
A World of Writing Information - For Writers Around the World
Issue 3:03 12,600 subscribers February 6, 2003
SPECIAL NOTICE: Please DO NOT REPLY to this e-mail; any messages
sent to the listbox address are deleted. If you wish to contact
the editor, please e-mail Moira Allen.
From the Editor's Desk
FEATURE: The Structure of Story, by Marg Gilks
News from the World of Writing
FEATURE: Morning Pages: Breaking Writer's Block,
by Jo Parfitt
The Write Sites - Online Resources for Writers
FEATURE: How to Get on the Air, by Brian Jud
From the Managing Editor's Mind
WHAT'S NEW at Writing World/Prize Drawings
MARKET ROUNDUP/Writing Contests
Get published! Get published! Get published! Get published!
Get published! Get published! Get published! Get published!
Get published! Get published! Get published! Get published!
Visit http://www.1stbooks.com/getpublished/no_rejection.html
EARN AN MFA IN WRITING through the brief-residency program at
Spalding University in Louisville, KY. Call (800) 896-8941x2105
or e-mail gradadmissions[at]spalding.edu and request brochure FA90.
Mail: Graduate Admissions-MFA, Spalding University, 851 S. Fourth
St., Louisville, KY 40203. For more info:
SPECIAL NOTICE: Spalding University's brief-residency MFA in
Writing program now offers a concentration in SCREENWRITING.
Deadline for application for May 2003 semester is 2/15/03.
WRITERSCOLLEGE.COM has 57 online courses. Prices are low.
If you can reach our web site, you can take our courses.
DISCOUNTED WRITERS' SOFTWARE -- PowerStructure, DramaticaPro,
StoryView, WritePro, MovieMagic, InkLink, plus many more.
HUGE SAVINGS! GREAT SELECTION! Visit us online:
National Conference at The University of Texas at Arlington on
Feb. 21st & 22nd, 2003. Call us toll free at 1-866-821-5829.
E-mail us at naww[at]onebox.com or visit us at http://www.naww.org
SPECIAL LIMITED OFFER TO WRITING-WORLD SUPPORTERS: From now until
February 28, contribute $5 or more to Writing-World.com and
receive a copy of "1500 Online Resources for Writers!" See
http://www.writing-world.com/books/1500.html for details, or go
to http://www.amazon.com/paypage/P2UTPRKYGU4AA1 to contribute.
First, a Brag
What's the point of having your own newsletter if you don't brag
in it occasionally?! So here's my brag: My very first published
short story, Truthseeker, is online in the January issue of Rogue
Worlds (http://www.specficworld.com/story2b.html). The story won
second place in last winter's SpecFicWorld "high fantasy"
contest; for more information on this year's contest, visit
Second, a Cry for Help!
I admit it: I suffer from obsessive-compulsive disease. (I won't
call it an actual disorder...) Last month, for example, I
decided that the contest section would be much more helpful if it
were arranged by category rather than just by date, and spent
nearly 20 hours hunting down new contests and revamping the list.
Somewhere, about two thirds of the way through the process, I
came to a realization: "I've got to get some help!"
So I am officially putting out a "help wanted" notice. I am
looking for a person who can assist me with the site's regular
monthly web-update tasks and basic online research (e.g., looking
up resources or checking links). While duties will probably be
light for the first two or three months (around 10 hours a
month), they will grow heavier toward summer, as I am planning to
launch some new features to the site that will involve a fair
amount of HTML (and also some database work). In addition, I'll
have tasks relating to my other websites, including
http://www.pet-loss.net and a travel-related ezine I'm planning
to launch in 2004.
Here's a brief list of what I'd like to find in a "web/research
* Familiarity with HTML (ability to work with BBEdit a plus)
* Familiarity with the Web, ability to use search engines,
conduct research, hunt down sites, and check links
* Fast turnaround
* Interest in writing, editing (if you want editing
opportunities, so much the better!)
* Flexible schedule to accommodate increase in workload over time
* Low salary expectations!
Other "pluses" would include copyediting/proofreading skills,
design ability, experience with web databases, and experience
with ad sales. (Yes, I know, I'm asking for the moon.) I can't
discuss the details of upcoming projects here, but such skills
would definitely ensure more work and more pay down the line!
If you think you're the miracle-worker I'm looking for, please
send me a BRIEF e-mail explaining your credentials, why you'd
like to work for Writing-World.com, your availability (e.g., how
much time you might have to offer per week) and your salary
expectations. Please do not send a resume; we're not that
formal. Please put "HELP WANTED" in the subject line.
Candidates from any country are welcome. I will ask potential
candidates to complete a couple of brief tests (e.g., an HTML
assignment and a link-checking assignment). I look forward to
hearing from you!
-- Moira Allen (Moira Allen)
Our team of professional editors -- including a Pulitzer Prize
nominee and an author published by Dell, Warner, Fawcett, etc.
-- specializes in novels written by first-time, novice writers.
See us at http://www.a1editing.com for prices, references, etc.
Announcing our spring course line-up! All classes begin March 3;
for full details on each course, click the link, or go to
http://www.writing-world.com/classes/index.html for more info. To
register via PayPal, go to the class page and click the PayPal
button at the bottom of the page; to enroll with a check or money
order, download our "check payment" form at
Moira Allen - 4 weeks - $60
Isabel Viana - 4 weeks - $60
Kathleen Walls - 4 weeks - $60
Lisa Beamer - 6 weeks - $90
Catherine Lundoff - 6 weeks - $90 (max. 10)
Sue Lick - 6 weeks - $90 (max. 12)
Michael Knowles - 6 weeks - $90
Natalie Collins - 6 weeks - $100
Brian Jud - 6 weeks - $100 (max. 10)
Linda Phillips - 7 weeks - $105 (max. 12)
Bruce Boston - 8 weeks - $100 (max. 12)
Jo Parfitt - 8 weeks - $100
Laura Brennan - 8 weeks - $120
Marg Gilks - 8 weeks - $125 (max. 20)
*NOTE* These courses will only be offered once in 2003; our summer
semester will have a completely different course selection.
You CAN Take Credit Cards Online! What's the right solution
for YOUR product or service? Get the ebook Tom Mahoney of
merchant911.org calls "a must-read for anyone thinking about
establishing an e-commerce Web presence."
by Marg Gilks (editor[at]scriptawords.com)
What is structure? Basically, it's how the plot is organized; how
the writer chooses to tell the story.
Every plot-driven story consists of an introduction, rising
action, a climax, and an end, or denouement.
The introduction begins with the opening hook. It sets the stage
by introducing the main character(s) and setting, and it ends
with the introduction of the story problem.
The story problem is a change in the protagonist's circumstances
that forces him or her to act -- to do something to rectify the
problem. This activity is the plot. In short, the story problem
and the pursuit of its resolution is the reason for the story --
it's what the story is about.
As the protagonist pursues a solution, there is rising action --
cause and effect -- shown through scenes. One obstacle overcome
leads to another. This creates conflict, which moves the plot
along -- until the climax, which is the turning point of the
story, and the most exciting scene in the story.
This is quickly followed by the denouement -- the wrap-up.
Brevity is essential here. There should be relatively little
between the climax and the end of the story.
In the beginning
Both the novel and the short story begin with an opening hook --
a beginning so appealing, readers feel they have no choice but to
keep reading. When readers pick up your story, they expect to
learn where and when they are, and they expect to encounter an
interesting character to focus on -- usually the protagonist they
will be following through the story. Basically, you're setting
the stage.
But readers are impatient. Once they know who, where, and when,
they don't want to dwell on details right away. They want to get
to the meat of the story -- they want to know what the problem
is. Stories may be about people, but what makes those stories
interesting are those people's problems.
When the protagonist is faced with a problem that somehow alters
the circumstances of his life, conflict is born. Scene by scene,
that conflict builds as the character works to solve the problem
through the rising action of the story. Other problems --
subplots -- may appear along the way, but the pursuit of a
solution to that one, overriding story problem is what moves the
story forward -- it's the reason for the story.
Rising stakes, rising action
It's called rising action for a reason -- you're building
tension, keeping the reader engrossed in the story and turning
the pages, eager to learn what will happen to the character next.
If at any point in the story that steep upward climb in the
rising action plateaus -- if there's a lull in the tension while
the protagonist goes to Suzy's wedding and has a wonderful time,
thank you very much -- the reader's interest will wane. And your
story's number one enemy is reader boredom.
Stay focused: The protagonist is presented with the problem
(cause). He reacts (effect), and circumstances change slightly --
perhaps he's one step closer to a solution, perhaps he's made
things worse. Either way, the protagonist now has a new set of
obstacles (stimuli) that affect the way he reacts (response). And
so on and so on; smaller obstacles being overcome only to have
new ones rear their heads, until -- ideally -- things hit rock
The climax
Things can't get any worse; your protagonist is backed into a
corner, stymied, ready to admit defeat. Something has to give.
You've reached the turning point in the story, the most exciting
scene of all, where the protagonist finally solves the story
problem. The climax. In traditional stories, the protagonist
usually prevails. But he or she doesn't have to. Happy endings
leave readers feeling satisfied, but perhaps you're trying to
unsettle the reader, and the protagonist dies to make a point.
Look at "Romeo and Juliet."
Wrap it up
The conclusion, or denouement, should follow quickly on the heels
of the climax, and it should be short and sweet. A conclusion
that lingers too long weakens the impact of the climax. In fact,
in short stories, climax and denouement are often one and the
same. Wrap up any details that need final clarification, and then
write "The End."
Sign up now for Marg Gilks' class, Fundamentals of Fiction,
beginning March 3 at Writing-World.com!
Marg Gilks is a freelance editor who specializes in fiction. For
twelve years she has worked one-on-one with authors to prepare
their manuscripts for publication, and has edited and/or evaluated
over 25 novels and countless short stories, cover letters, and
synopses. A writer herself, she's written three novels and has a
list of writing credits for poetry, articles, and short stories
that spans twenty years and includes publications as diverse as
Seventeen Magazine, Cats Magazine, Home Business Journal, Inkspot,
Writing-world.com, Writers' Forum, The Writer, Tales of the
Unanticipated, Spaceways Weekly, and Orpheus Romance. Read her
"Fundamentals of Fiction" series on Writing-World.com at
Copyright (c) 2003 by Marg Gilks
DON'T KNOW WHERE TO SEND YOUR WORK? We'll research & target
markets, prepare cover letters, track submissions. Reasonable
Rates, References. WRITER'S RELIEF, Inc., 245 Teaneck Rd. #10C,
Ridgefield Park, NJ 07660 (201)641-3003, http://www.wrelief.com
Poetry symposium cancelled
The symposium on the poetry of Emily Dickinson, Langston Hughes
and Walt Whitman, which was to be held by First Lady Laura Bush
on February 12, has been cancelled. Sam Hamill, poet and founder
of Copper Canyon Press, had declined the invitation, but emailed
those who planned to attend and encouraged them to bring along
anti-war poems. Over 1,500 poets responded. The First Lady's
spokeswoman, Noelia Rodriguez, said: "While Mrs. Bush respects
the right of all Americans to express their opinions, she, too,
has opinions and believes it would be inappropriate to turn a
literary event into a political forum." An alternative symposium
called "A Poetry Reading in Honor of the Right of Protest as a
Patriotic and Historical Tradition" is being organized by
Northshire Bookstore, Manchester Center, Vermont, on February 16.
Fictionwise and OverDrive team up to create Libwise
Ebook publisher Fictionwise and digital services company
OverDrive have teamed up to offer ebook "loaning" systems to
small libraries. OverDrive will license its Digital Rights
Management (DRM) software to Fictionwise for use in the new
Libwise product line. Library patrons will be able to download
ebooks to either a PC or handheld devices, such as Palm,
PocketPC, and even some cell phones. LibWise will offer a number
of options to host ebooks for loan. Patrons will be able to
download encrypted copies of the book, which will be readable on
their device for a limited time period. After the "due date"
expires, the MobiPocket reader will refuse to open the file
again, rendering it useless. Depending on the ebook, the server
software may allow the library to loan only a fixed number of
ebooks simultaneously, and may also have a limited number of
loans. After that, the ebook will expire and the library will
need to repurchase it.
Harpercollins will sell ebooks to libraries
In a related story, HarperCollins Publishers announced agreements
with netLibrary and OverDrive to sell PerfectBound ebooks to
libraries across the country, making them the first major US
publisher to do so. DRM technology will be used to protect
authors' copyrights. According to David Steinberger, President of
Corporate Strategy for HarperCollins, the library market "has
enormous potential" and "will play a critical role in educating
readers about the benefits of this developing format. This deal
represents another opportunity for us to serve our authors and
market their books to the broadest possible audience in as many
formats as possible."
HELP TO YOU, THE SCREENWRITER...from an Industry professional
with vast experience in script analysis, charging reasonable
rates. Increase your chances for success! See my website for
details before submitting your script to an agent/producer/studio
or contest. http://www.coverscript.com
by Jo Parfitt (joparfitt[at]career-in-your-suitcase.com)
Even the best writers suffer from writers' block. One of the best
ways to fill yourself up with ideas is by writing a few pages in
long hand at the start of the day. It is important that you
complete the exercise with a pen in your hand as you need to
access the right, creative side of your brain, and using a
computer tends to use the left, logical side. Buy yourself an
attractive notebook and a nice pen. My current notebook is bright
orange and has a ring binding. The ring binding is important,
because it makes it as easy to write on the left side of the page
as the right, and lets the ideas continue to flow more easily. If
you choose a notebook with a spiral at the top, you have to flip
the book to write on the other side. Choose the book that works
best for you.
Try writing three pages of long hand every day. Morning is best
because that's when you remember your dreams. However, you might
find it easier to write at some other time of day. Halfway
through the three pages, the trivial writing will disappear and
your subconscious will start to talk. Many established writers
see morning pages as their talisman.
Through morning pages you can learn about yourself. Write about
the things that gripe you, or worry you. Talk things through. The
notebook is like a counselor. It cannot make judgments.
Try not to take the pen off the paper. Keep on going. It's as if
another force is driving the pen. Find the skeletons in the
cupboard. Find what makes you tick. Use the pages to find
solutions. When you write something down you stop worrying about
it. In her excellent work book, "The Artist's Way," Julia Cameron
uses morning pages as therapy and a method of self-understanding.
Natalie Goldberg, author of "Writing Down the Bones," is another
advocate of this kind of writing. As a full-time writer she uses
the pages as a place to find ideas and slow her mind. She calls
it speedwriting. Natalie writes far more than three pages a day.
She goes to a cafe and writes all day long at times. She bribes
herself with cappuccinos and Oreo cookies along the way and just
keeps going. Natalie reckons this is the only way to quiet her
internal censor, which she calls monkey mind. Like a monkey on
your shoulder, he tells you that what you write is rubbish,
selfish and useless. Keep the pen on the paper and keep writing.
If your mind seems blank just write, "I don't know what to
write." As if by magic, after about a page and a half, that
monkey will go away!
Go out and be inspired
You cannot expect your morning pages to be filled with great
insights and ideas if you do not allow yourself to think. Try to
give yourself at least half an hour a week for thinking time.
Take the time to switch off and let the ideas come. Take a bath,
a walk, shop alone, or sit down and listen to some classical
music. You must be alone and not distracted by conversation for
this to be effective.
Go outside to a park, a lake, even a shopping mall or restaurant
and just observe, listen, think. This is how you fill the well
with ideas. Go to a cafe like Natalie Goldberg did and observe
while you write. Make up things about people. Turn them into the
characters in your stories. Fill that well.
Paying attention
One of the first things you discover when you take time out for
inspiration is that you start to notice things -- the way the
light falls on a leaf, the way a blackbird scuffles in the dry
beech leaves. You notice the silvery purple of the pigeon's
breast and the way the mountains are a different color every day.
Now you have lots to write about in your morning pages. And more
still to put into your articles and stories.
Sign up now for Jo Parfitt's class, Expatriate Writing: How to
Write and Sell from Abroad, beginning March 3 at
For more than 15 years, Jo Parfitt has earned her living writing
and speaking all over the world. She has had hundreds of articles
published in a range of magazines, newspapers, and web sites.
Her books have been published on subjects ranging from cookery to
computers to careers. Writing and portable careers have become
her specialty subject and she travels all over the world teaching
and inspiring others to take the plunge and create a career that
is grown from their passions. Jo's book, "A Career in Your
Suitcase 2," is now in fully revised edition. Visit her web site:
Copyright (c) 2003 by Jo Parfitt
Where do great writers get those super ideas for their stories -
those wonderful stories we never forget? Same place YOU can get
great ideas for YOUR unforgettable stories. For details, see OUT
OF YOUR MIND AND INTO PRINT, http://whortleberrypress.com
A new online literary journal.
The Sowers Syndicate
A small, independent syndication service for columnists and
Blue Phantom Critique Group for Children's Writers
Free critique group and newsletter for children's writers.
The Vocabula Review
An online journal about the state of the English language, with
tips on grammar, articles, and more.
Daily Planner
You can download a free daily planning calendar in PDF format at
this publisher's site.
Online Writing Workshop for Romance
The sponsors of the online writing workshops for horror and
sf/fantasy now have a romance workshop. The workshop has a fee,
but the first month is free.
"The Easy Way to Write a Novel". This popular writer's resource
shows you, step by step, how to achieve your dream of writing a
great novel in the shortest possible time. Suitable for any level
of expertise. Free writing courses. http://www.easywaytowrite.com
by Brian Jud (brianjud[at]msn.com)
In order to be successful at becoming a media guest, you have to
think like a producer. These people are responsible for creating
the idea for a segment, or a show, as well as finding guests to
appear on a show. The topic has to be of interest to the
audience, and the guests have to be interesting and entertaining
enough to hold the audience's attention. Producers do not care
about your book. They want to increase ratings and keep their
Rita Thompson, Field Producer for CNBC, says, "A producer looks
for story ideas, tries to find good interviews and pictures, and
then puts together a segment for airing. I have to think of the
viewer first. It's not my job to sell books, but to make
interesting television. If a book helps me get interesting
television, that's good."
Although each producer has his own preferences and
idiosyncrasies, you will increase your chances of success by
contacting the producer of the show, not the host, or president
of the network. You might think it will save time to go directly
to the host on major shows with your show idea, but this is not
so. Your package will be intercepted long before it gets to him,
and you won't make friends with the producers by trying to bypass
them. Know the hierarchy and pitch to the appropriate person.
Call ahead of time to find out if the show engages authors of
books such as yours. You will spend time leaving unanswered
messages with humans or on voice mail, mostly the latter.
However, you are more likely to get a return call if you leave
the right message.
Before you call, have a 30-second sales pitch prepared that will
get the producer's attention and make him willing to read your
complete kit once it arrives. It doesn't have to be long; in fact
it's better if it's not long. For an example of what to say,
listen to how the media use 5-second promos to entice you to
watch their shows: "Women who leave their husbands for other
women, today on Oprah."
Creating a press kit
Knowing the name of the appropriate people to contact is not
enough. You need to send a proposal that will compel them to
pursue you as a guest. That tool is called a press kit (or media
kit). This is a folder containing the basic facts about why you
and your topic will make an interesting show. It's not about you;
it's about what you can do. There are no standards for what
should be in the kit, except it should be written from the point
of view: "Here is what I can do for your audience and make your
life a whole lot easier."
The objective is to entice the producer to call you for more
details. Present a unique, positive image of yourself as a
qualified guest who can talk about your topic better than any
other authority.
According to Patty Neger, Producer of Good Morning America, a
producer may receive 50 proposals every day, so your press kit
must stand out from all the others. The key to a successful
submission is your one-page summary. Make it compelling and
personal. Get the reader's attention immediately by demonstrating
you know the audience and how you can help them. In one page,
persuade the producer to consider you as a guest by being clear,
concise, and creative.
Your press kit will be much more effective if you remember one
thing: producers do not care about you or your book. As discussed
before, all they care about is creating a good show; and they're
constantly looking for ways to do that. Begin your letter with a
headline describing why your idea will be important to the show's
audience. Here is an outline you can use to tell a producer
concisely what you can do for him or her:
* Headline: Why your idea will interest the show's audience.
* What your idea is about.
* Why it's perfect for this show's audience.
* How it ties in with a major current event.
* Why you are the best person to talk about it.
* Other guests you can provide for the show.
* Name, address, and telephone number of the contact person
for booking.
Tell who you are and why you have the credentials to make these
statements. List the two or three major points that will hold the
attention of the audience. Tie your subject in with a major
national news event, if appropriate. Be creative, but not
frivolous. Do not include "confetti" just to get the recipient's
attention. You want the producer to focus on your proposal by
proving you know the audience, and you have an interesting idea.
Your proposal should always make a connection between your
subject and what will interest the audience. Is yours a timely
subject that sheds light on a late-breaking event? Is there any
controversy or debate value in your topic? Is it a new story (or
a new twist on an old story) that will convey something different
to the viewers, readers, or listeners? Describe why your book is
unique, different from all the other ones written on the same
topic (if that's the case).
HINT: Be innovative in your approach, but not outlandish. Eric
Marcus, Producer of Good Morning America, tells about a woman
with a book about the ease of clandestinely transporting atomic
weapons. She proved her point when she came to his office,
through security, with a mock atomic bomb. It got Eric's
attention and a segment on the show.
A little help from your friends
The producer is responsible for creating a cohesive show, not
just a series of guests. Instead of pitching yourself as the
perfect guest, send him your idea for a complete show revolving
around your topic. This could focus on you, or it could involve a
panel of guests made up of people you recommend.
Your proposal will be ineffective in breaking through the
producer's preoccupation if your message is not clear. Don't bury
your important words in clich�s and rhetoric. Briefly state what
you want to occur and why it is in the audience's best interest
to hear what you have to say.
Just before Abraham Lincoln gave his famous "Gettysburg Address,"
Edward Everett gave a two-hour oration. Lincoln's speech was
written on one page and took less than ten minutes to deliver.
Yet there isn't an educated person in the US today who cannot
recite at least the first line.
Your proposal should be as concise as the "Gettysburg Address."
Do not waste time warming up with extraneous information. Be
succinct. Present your story so the producer immediately sees a
connection between the needs of the audience and your ability to
meet them. Demonstrate how you can solve problems and make the
show more successful. End your cover letter by summarizing the
reasons the audience will benefit from your information, and tell
the producer you'll be calling soon to follow up.
Sign up now for Brian Jud's class, Marketing Your Book on the Air,
beginning March 3 at Writing-World.com!
In 1990, Brian Jud founded and became president of Book Marketing
Works, LLC, a company dedicated to helping publishers of all
sizes sell more books through media performances and
special-sales marketing. Brian has written and published seven
books that are distributed internationally, and is the author,
narrator, and producer of two video programs, including the
media-training video program "You're On The Air" and it's two
companion books, "Perpetual Promotion" and "It's Show Time." He
is a media trainer and host of the television series, The Book
Authority. Brian has appeared on over five hundred television and
radio shows. Read Brian's monthly column, Self-Publishing
Success, at http://www.writing-world.com/jud/index.html
Copyright (c) 2003 by Brian Jud
Are you a Freelance Writer?
FreelanceWriters.com is the only global online directory of
freelance writers. Your writing skills, experience and contact
information can be listed in the database so that clients and
editors will have your information at the touch of a button. Go
to: http://www.freelancewriters.com/writers_faqs.cfm
Since the Supreme Court's recent decision to uphold the 1998
Sonny Bono copyright extension law, we artists of word and image
appear to be gradually dividing up into two camps -- copyright vs
copyleft. In the copyright camp you'll find big publishing and
production companies interested in protecting potential profits,
as well as creators who feel a strong sense of ownership of their
works. Copyleft campers are creators who want people to have free
access to their works, and users who advocate the free flow of
Before we plant ourselves firmly into our separate opinion camps,
we need to take a step back and understand what is copyright. At
this moment in time, my definition of copyright is the
registration, or declaration, of ownership for a work to prevent
others from copying, or stealing it. While my definition is
wrong, it represents the most common misconception about
copyright. The World Book dictionary says, in essence, "the
exclusive right to publish or sell and otherwise control a book
... or other original work ... granted by a government for a
certain number of years." But my definition, World Book's
definition, and your definition don't matter.
What matters is how the Constitution defines copyright. Before we
can begin to grasp the issues dividing copyright and copyleft,
first we have to understand copyright as it was intended by the
framers. Article I, section 8, clause 8, of the US Constitution,
provides that Congress shall have the power "to promote the
Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited
times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their
respective Writings and Discoveries." In the 18th century, the
word "science" meant knowledge and learning. Therefore, the
purpose of copyright is to promote the progress of knowledge and
learning. The Constitution does not say anything about ownership,
publishing, or selling.
As you can see, copyright is too large and too complex to cover
in a few paragraphs. So stay tuned, my next column will look at
how copyright was intended to avoid censorship and monopolies.
For more information:
The Purpose of Copyright, by Lydia Pallas Loren
-- Peggy Tibbetts (peggyt[at]siltnet.net)
Be more prolific! Increase your income! Write your book
faster than you ever thought possible. Learn to create your
book's blueprint in 2 hours, buy a best-selling plot and more.
Advice from a Caterpillar, by Peggy Tibbetts
Finding word requirements for children's books; becoming an
illustrator; finding small presses.
Press Kit, by Debbie Ridpath Ohi
Promotion Through E-mail Newsletters, Part II
Self-Publishing Success, by Brian Jud
Getting on the Air, Part I
Ask an Agent, by Natalie Colins
Interview with Jeff Kleinman
Imagination's Edge, by Paula Fleming
Stranger than Fiction: Weird Science
The Screening Room, by Laura Brennan
The Best Software and Websites for Screenwriters
Going for the Knockout Punch! by Nadia Ali
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Win one of three copies of John Rains' book, Shooting Straight in
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Adler & Robin Books, Inc. and the Lyons Press
3000 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
EMAIL: outwitting[at]adlerbooks.com
URL: http://www.adlerbooks.com/outwitting.html
The Outwitting books are more than just off-the-rack how-to's.
Outwitting means coming up with some clever new tricks, looking
at the problem from an offbeat perspective; in today's business
jargon, "thinking outside the box." What we don't want are
ordinary how-to book proposals.
In your proposal, don't just tell us what you plan to write
about, show us. Give real examples of how you plan to outwit your
topic. Your proposal shouldn't read like a glorified Google or
Nexis search. We can do that just as easily as you can. Your
proposal needs good ideas -- no, great ideas. For this you may
need to talk with people who have intimate insight into your
subject. If you're already an expert, you're one step ahead, but
if you're not, simply doing online research probably won't yield
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One of the best ways to get a better sense of what we are looking
for is to read one of the Outwitting books, which are available
on Amazon and elsewhere. Please see our web site for more
detailed guidelines. (Editor's Note: You can also download a
sample successful book proposal from the site.)
LENGTH: Proposals should be 15-35 pages; completed books are about
75,000 words
PAYMENT: Modest advance (under $5,000) and royalties
REPRINTS: No
RIGHTS: Exclusive rights
SUBMISSIONS: Query us with your proposal by email, fax or snail
mail. You can also email to ask if a particular subject would work
as an Outwitting series book. Fax: 202-478-5211
GUIDELINES: http://www.adlerbooks.com/submit.html
John O'Neill, Publisher & Editor
New Epoch Press, 815 Oak Street, St. Charles, IL 60174
EMAIL: submissions[at]blackgate.com
URL: http://www.blackgate.com/index.htm
Black Gate publishes epic fantasy fiction at all lengths,
including novel excerpts, as well as articles, news and reviews.
We're looking for adventure-oriented fantasy fiction suitable for
all ages, as long as it is well written and original. Please see
detailed submission guidelines at web site.
LENGTH: No word limit
PAYMENT: Fiction: 4-6 cents/word up to 7K; $280-$420 for 7K-14K;
3 cents/word for longer works
Nonfiction: 3 cents/word
RIGHTS: FNASR and electronic rights
REPRINTS: No
SUBMISSIONS: By email, no attachments. By mail, include SASE
GUIDELINES: http://www.blackgate.com/bg/guide.htm
Lorin Oberweger, Editor/Publisher
2420 W Brandon Boulevard, #198, Brandon, FL 33511
EMAIL: editor[at]free-expressions.com
URL: http://www.free-expressions.com
I'm looking for instructional articles for writers, primarily
geared toward the writing of fiction and poetry. I will, however,
use the occasional piece related to nonfiction. Material should
be geared for the intermediate or advanced writer. No beginner
topics. I assume my readers have "been around the block" a time or
two, and I'd like my material to reflect that. Also interested in
interviews with successful authors/agents/editors.
LENGTH: 600-word maximum, please! (query for longer pieces)
PAYMENT: 10 cents/word for original material; 4 cents/word for
RIGHTS: One-time rights. All rights remain w/the author.
REPRINTS: Prefer original material, but will consider
SUBMISSIONS: Query first to email above.
Market Roundup correction
The correct email address for nonfiction submissions to Writer
Online is: nonfiction[at]writeronline.us
"FNASR": First North American Serial Rights, "SASE":
self-addressed, stamped envelope, "GL": guidelines.
If you have questions about rights, please see
"Rights: What They Mean and Why They're Important"
Please send Market News to Moira Allen
This section lists contests that charge no entry fees. For more
contests, visit our newly redesigned contest section (now listing
contests by categories: poetry, short fiction, nonfiction, books,
scripts and screenplays, and competitions for young writers).
More than 200 contests have just been added as of February 3.
Highlights 2003 Fiction Contest
DEADLINE: February 28, 2003
GENRE: Children's story
OPEN TO: All
LENGTH: 800 words or less; 400 words or less for beginning
THEME: Stories about friendship. Reach beyond the ordinary. We
are seeking all types of stories -- humor, world cultures,
adventure, you name it -- within the theme of learning to get
along with others. Indicate the word count in the upper right-hand
corner of the first page of your manuscript. No crime, violence,
or derogatory humor. Manuscripts or envelopes should be clearly
marked "Fiction Contest." Those not so marked will be considered
as regular submissions to Highlights. Enclose SASE with each entry.
PRIZE: Three prizes of $1,000 each
ELECTRONIC ENTRY: No
ADDRESS: Highlights for Children, 803 Church Street, Honesdale,
EMAIL: emberger[at]highlights-corp.com
URL: http://www.highlights.com/about/
The Faux Faulkner and Imitation Hemingway Contests
DEADLINE: March 1, 2003
GENRE: Humorous parody
OPEN TO: All
LENGTH: 500 words or less
THEME: William Faulkner and Ernest Hemingway knew just how to
write a clean, well-lighted sentence or a paragraph full of sound
and fury and it seems that there are plenty of other folks who do,
too. And they proved themselves by submitting entries to
Hemispheres' renowned literary parody contests, the Faux Faulkner
and Imitation Hemingway competitions. Write in August (and
September and October) and keep writing until you have the words,
the good words, the words that make the judges laugh.
PRIZE: Prize for Imitation Hemingway: Free trip for two to Europe.
Prize for Faux Faulkner: Free trip to Memphis for the Faulkner and
Yoknapatawpha Conference.
ELECTRONIC ENTRY: Yes
ADDRESS: Faux Faulkner: Yoknapatawpha Press, PO Box 248, Oxford,
MS 38655, Fax: 662-234-0909
Imitation Hemingway: Hemispheres, 1301 Carolina Street, Greensboro,
NC 27401, Fax: 336-378-8265
EMAIL: Faux Faulkner: faulkner[at]watervalley.net
Imitation Hemingway: hemiedit[at]aol.com
URL: http://www.hemispheresmagazine.com/home.htm (follow the
"fiction" links to information about the contests)
2003 Science Writing Award
DEADLINE: March 1, 2003
GENRE: Nonfiction
OPEN TO: Science articles, books, and programs published within
specified time frames. See web site for dates.
LENGTH: No word length
THEME: To promote effective science communication in print and
broadcast media in order to improve the general public's
appreciation of physics, astronomy, and allied science fields.
There are 4 categories:
* Journalist: Articles and books
* Scientist: Articles and books
* Children's: Books, articles, or booklets intended for children
from preschool to 15-years old.
* Broadcast Media: Scripted radio or television programs shorter
than 15 minutes, and longer than 15 minutes
PRIZES: Winners in each category will receive a $3,000 cash
award, an engraved Windsor chair, and a certificate of
ELECTRONIC ENTRY: No
ADDRESS: American Institute of Physics, Media & Government
Relations Division, One Physics Ellipse, College Park,
E-MAIL: fgonzale[at]aip.org
URL: http://www.aip.org/aip/writing/
New Listings on THE AUTHOR'S BOOKSHELF:
The Complete Guide to Writing Fantasy, edited by Tom Dullemond
and Darin Parks
Nebraska Farm Life WWI to WWII, edited by Richard McCall
Parallel Logic: A New Yorker's Move to an Eskimo Village,
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The Sacrificial Lamb, by Jack Doepke
Shooting Straight in the Media: A Firearms Guide for Writers,
by John Rains
Write Industry Reports: Work at Home and Start Earning $5,000 in
Royalties per Month, by Jennie S. Bev
Find these and more great books at
Advertise your own book on Writing-World.com:
ADVERTISE in WRITING WORLD or on WRITING-WORLD.COM! For details
on how to reach 80,000 writers a month with your product, service
or book title, visit
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF WOMEN WRITERS (NAWW) Get the new FREE
eBooklet, RESOURCES FOR WRITERS by subscribing to NAWW WEEKLY,
the FREE inspirational/how-to emagazine for women writers. Send
blank e-mail to: naww[at]onebox.com or visit http://www.naww.org
BE PUBLISHED IN Australia, Canada, New Zealand, UK, USA. From the
world's favorite Writing Market Directory. Free access. Worldwide
Freelance Writer - http://www.worldwidefreelance.com/A2.htm
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tips, tricks and ideas for selling what you write. FREE ebook,
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subscribe[at]writingfordollars.com http://www.WritingForDollars.com
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Copyright 2003 Moira Allen
Individual articles copyrighted by their authors.
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For more information please contact
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text:
Boris poops indoors under two strict circumstances: whether it rains or it gets cold. (Or even both) 😛 😀
Author: cema לאכימ דלא
Happy birthday, Bonnie!
SNAPCHAT: @immb95
Boris portrait
Another resident
Nico, the canary, has a very stylish look. He enjoys sunlight.
Seeking Bonnie & Boris
They LOVE to play hide-and-seek 😀


text:
REVISION REVISION REVISION NASCAR Winston Cup General Motors stock car testing - Day 2 of 3 LABONTE STILL FASTEST AS GM TEAMS CONCLUDE DAY TWO AT DAYTONA DAYTONA BEACH, Fla. -- 1996 NASCAR Winston Cup ...
NASCAR Winston Cup General Motors stock car testing - Day 2 of 3 LABONTE STILL FASTEST AS GM TEAMS CONCLUDE DAY TWO AT DAYTONA
DAYTONA BEACH, Fla. -- 1996 NASCAR Winston Cup champion Terry Labonte posted the fastest time for the second consecutive day as GM NASCAR Winston Cup testing continued Sunday at Daytona International Speedway as teams prepare for the all-new Bud Shootout At Daytona (Feb. 8) and the "Great American Race," the 40th Annual Daytona 500 (Feb. 15).
Labonte was clocked at 47.766 seconds, an average speed of 188.419 mph, in one of two Hendrick Racing Chevrolet Monte Carlos that he drove on the day.
"This is the same car we've run here in the past," said Labonte. "It's a good car and that's a decent speed. That's better than we thought we would run, so we've got to be pretty happy with it." Labonte, who finished second in both NASCAR Winston Cup Series races held at Daytona in 1997, hopes 1998 will finally be his year to capture an elusive Daytona 500 title. "We've come so close in the past. I like Daytona and we think we have a good combination for the racetrack.
"The Daytona 500 is just a hard race to win. It's a race you see people win that it's their first race they've ever won. Then you seen guys like Earnhardt and myself that have run here a lot and run good, that have never won it. 1998 would be a great year to win it. Aside from the record purse (minimum of $6 million), because I won Talladega, I'm eligible for the (No Bull 5) million dollar bonus. In last year's restrictor plate races, we had a first, two seconds and a sixth. We just hope we can maintain that momentum in this race here. It would be nice to win, it's definitely the biggest race we run."
The GM test concludes tomorrow. Ford NASCAR Winston Cup teams will be at the Speedway starting Tuesday to open their first of two three-day January test sessions. A section of the Oldfield Grandstand is open daily at no charge from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. with access through DAYTONA USA, "The Ultimate Motorsports Attraction." Guided tours of the Speedway are also available from 9:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. for a nominal fee.
GENERAL MOTORS TEST SPEEDS -- Jan. 4* NO DRIVER/CAR SPEED NO DRIVER/CAR SPEED 5 Terry Labonte/Chevrolet 188.419 40 Sterling Marlin/Chevrolet 185.613 5a Jack Sprague/Chevrolet 188.387 91 Kevin LePage/Chevrolet 185.494 33 Ken Schrader/Chevrolet 188.182 17 Darrell Waltrip/Chevrolet 185.219 33a Andy Hillenburg/Chevrolet 188.033 96a Mark Green/Chevrolet 184.942 41 Steve Grissom/Chevrolet 187.297 18 Bobby Labonte/Pontiac 184.718 31 Mike Skinner/Chevrolet 186.994 40a Elton Sawyer/Chevrolet 184.211 4 Bobby Hamilton/Chevrolet 186.776 17a Phil Parsons/Chevrolet 183.703 31a Mike Dillon/Chevrolet 186.699 18 Tony Stewart/Pontiac 183.405 8 Hut Stricklin/Chevrolet 186.528 71 Dave Marcis/Chevrolet 183.270 96 David Green/Chevrolet 185.851 03 Dan Pardus/Chevrolet 181.218 * Electronic times taken randomly throughout the day's practice sessions.


text:
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text:
Saņem informāciju par jaunajiem Atlants.lv darbiem!
Akcija: ZiņotājsPRO uz 6 mēnešiem - bezmaksas!Abonēt bez maksas
The Grasslands
6 pages long Don't remember what he said
" The Grasslands "
Picture yourself being able to see from horizon to horizon. The land is flat, and covered with different kinds of crops and small bunches of trees. You can see a village near the river. Most houses are made of brick, with some being wood. Power lines run up and down the street.
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Tavs vārds:
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text:
Jet Set
by Jason Oliver Nixon
Sky Writing
by Sarah Elbert
In this issue:
Urban Utopia
Also: Seattle has natural beauty. Tech titans. Retail giants. And a culture of creativity that is thriving across the Puget Sound and beyond.
Fayetteville BasicsWhile Fayetteville may be the third largest city in Arkansas, it keeps its small-town charm in tact.
Get Sky delivered! The world's most-read onboard lifestyle magazine is now available for delivery to your mailbox. Stay up-to-date on the people, places and subjects that define our ever-evolving world with an annual subscription. Don't miss an issue!
Read More
FEATURED // Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park
FEATURED // George's Majestic Lounge
FEATURED // Shogun Steakhouse of Japan
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Read the Japanese version of Sky!
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MSP Communications, 220 South 6th Street, Suite 500, Minneapolis, MN, 55402
© 2017 MSP Communications, Inc. All rights reserved


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09/12/2017 7:10pm Detroit Tigers @ Cleveland Indians
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Check back soon for future opportunities with
Champion Clean. In the meantime, check out the Related Franchises below or search:
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Supply and Demand - two words that provide for an unlimited growth potential for anyone entering the commercial cleaning industry... and the team of Champion Clean is leading the way for supplying bright and motivated entrepeneurs a valuepacked, low-cost solution for entrance for meeting the demand in this multi-billion dollar booming industry!
According to data compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the fastest growing occupation listed for the next decade is that of a professional cleaning specialist. As the multitude of new commercial buildings, office complexes, banks, retail shopping centers, industrial facilities, and medical centers continue to open in our flourishing economy,commercial cleaning opportunities are becoming readily abundant, and Champion Clean is the only low-cost, high-quality alternative that has been consistently meeting these demands.
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Every new entrepeneur comes into an agreement with a Champion Clean representative that grants each master franchise investor an exclusive contract to operate in a defined territory - just how big you want to be is up to you. The master franchisee will then own the rights to establish unit franchises throughout the territory that sell individual Champion Clean unit franchises for training unit franchisees, securing cleaning contracts, and offering support services.
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And crappy riding it will be! I had just finished up two months of PT for my neck, I was feeling much better and my riding was getting back on track, when I got The Cold From Hell. I've had it for two weeks now, and can't seem to shake the cough. This means I haven't worked my horse in the last two weeks, except the one lesson I took last week in which I wanted to die. It was so bad that my trainer, genuinely concerned for my health, rode my horse for me in jeans and sneakers (and still rode better than healthy me).
|Adult Pony Club - South Jersey Chapter, Representin'!


text:
Three Essential Holiday Items for Toddlers
It seems crazy that we've been back from our amazing first holiday abroad for over a month now. The last few weeks have flown by and I don't feel as though I've properly caught up yet!! It was such an amazing week away— the perfect place for a first 'proper' holiday away with our little family. Having not been abroad before with the boys, packing was a little bit hit and miss. I looked at lots of websites with lists of essential holiday items for toddlers and got a bit carried away with all the 'must have' items that were suggested. I think I probably overpacked for them (if I'm totally honest) but of all the things we took, I thought I'd share the three essential bits of kit that I don't think we could have done without. Sun Protection Suits These were a last minute purchase and, in hindsight, they were something that should have been really high up on the list of priority items to take! We bought ours from JoJo Maman Bébé but there are lots of alternatives out there. The fabric they're made from is rated UPF 50+ — and they're 98% effective at blocking UVA rays — so they're a great way of keeping sensitive skins from burning.… Read More


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Find info concerning Monmouth University sports camps, and registering for departmental seminars and elective lectures. Not all recruiting is done like NCAA Division I teams. College coaches like to watch video of real games. If you are interested in playing college sports, make a highlight film of your high school games, ready to send to coaches once you begin recruitment. Alternatively, post your videos online, for greater exposure. Finally, check with your major department for assistance with prerequisites, tuition payment deadlines, and Monmouth University Sports information. Please use the form above to request admissions info for Monmouth University.
Track stars have revealed the secret to developing running speed. Most athletes simply run out of breath long before they need to stop running, because they aren't able to get the oxygen into their muscles fast enough. By taking deep breaths, and building up the supply of oxygen in your blood, you can prevent muscle cramps. As lactic acid builds up, and muscle fatigue sets in, untrained players think they've reached their limit.
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Newton Prep School
- Battersea SW8
149 Battersea Park Road, London SW8 4BX
Newton Prep School is located in in Battersea, very close to the power station. It has six new astro tennis courts. We have use of an indoor facility at this venue, so sessions will not be cancelled in the event of wet weather.
Directions: Travel along Battersea Park Road heading towards Vauxhall. Turn right down Lockington Road before the school. Travel down this road and you will find the tennis courts on your left.