text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Jul 1, 1969
|Filing date
|Nov 3, 1967
|Priority date
|Nov 3, 1967
|Publication number
|Joseph C Duddy
|Original Assignee
|Esb Inc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (27), Classifications (5), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
July 1, 1969 J. c. DUDDY 3,453,145
BATTERY PLATE HAVING LAMINAR GRID Filed Nov. 5, 1967 Sheet of 4 IO RECTANGULAR SINGLE GRID I I2 LUG Fig.
HORIZONTAL GR ID I4 I FRAME I8 VERTICAL GRID CONDUCTORS 2o RADIAL SINGLE GRID ZZ'LUG Fig.2
24 FRAME 26 RADIAL GRID CONDUCTORS 28 ARC GRID CQNDUCTORS CONDUCTORS July 1, 1969 .1. c. DUDDY 3,453,145
BATTERY PLATE HAVING LAMINAR GRID Filed Nov. 5, 1967 Sheet 2 of 4 July 1, 1969 J.'c. DUDDY 3,453,145
I BATTERY PLATE HAVING LAMINAR GRID Filed Nov 3, 1967 Sheet 5 of 4 Fig.5
July 1, 1969 J. c. DUDDY BATTERY PLATE HAVING LAMINAR GRID Sheet Filed NOV. 3, 1967 United States Patent 3,453,145 BATTERY PLATE HAVING LAMINAR GRID Joseph C. Duddy, Trevose, Pa., assignor to ESB Incorporated, a corporation of Delaware Filed Nov. 3, 1967, Ser. No. 680,410 Int. Cl. H01m 35/08 US. Cl. 136-46 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A battery plate has active material pasted on a grid laminated from at least three single grids. The grid conductors of one single grid are offset with respect to the grid conductors of at least one other single grid of the laminar grid. The plate is particularly useful as the positive in a lead-acid motive power battery, but with other active materials the plate may also be used as a negative in the lead-acid battery.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The background of the invention will be stated by a reference to one particular plate, namely the pasted positive plate of the lead-acid storage battery. Discussion to fOHOlW in the description of the preferred embodiment will show that the construction of the laminar grid is such as to make the grid useful in a pasted negative late.
p As used in this background discussion, an electrode consists of one or more plates, each plate in turn being composed of a grid which is surrounded by active material. The active material of a charged positive plate consists of an oxide of lead, while the grid composition is lead or an alloy of lead with such other metals as calcium or antimony.
The active material is that portion of the plate which, during the electrochemical reaction that occurs upon discharge, participates in the reaction and thus contributes to the electrical or power output of the battery. Other factors being equal, the :amount of power which a battery is capable of producing is directly proportional to the amount or quantity of active material employed.
The grid serves at least one, and frequently two or three functions in the plate. It is always a conductor of the electrical energy released by the active material during discharge (or, conversely, conveyed to the active material during charge), and it frequently also serves as a structural frame or support for the active material. Sometimes a third function of the grid is to serve as a source of raw materials from which new active material may be created when the plate is being overcharged. To the extent that the grid functions in this third role, its ability to function in the other two is slowly decreased; that is, as the outer surface of the grid is converted into active material during overcharging, by necessity there is a corresponding reduction in the amount of grid remaining to act as an electrical conductor or as a support. Many positive plates fail because the grid eventually becomes inadequate as a conductor or frame, or both. Thus the life of the plate, as expressed in terms of time or the number of charge-discharge cycles which the plate can withstand before failing, is frequently limited by the grid.
A number of factors combine to influence the design and dictate the performance of lead-acid battery plates, particularly the positive plates. First, plates should have a sufficiently thick grid to provide long life and have a sufficient qunatity of active material to produce the required amount of energy, but the amounts or thicknesses or both grid and active material, as well as the 3,453,145 Patented July 1, 1969 ratio between them, will vary with different applications for batteries. Second, to the extent that the grid must function as a structural supoprt for the active material it should be designed to do so, and so plate design may be concerned with such variables as chemical composition and physical properties of both grid and active material, as well as with the relative proportions of grid and active material. The chief factors causing the active material to dislodge from the structural grid are vibrations and the volumetric changes which accompany charging and discharging. Third, since the grid must serve as an electrical conductor and since the grid is usually a better conductor than is the active material, the plate should be so designed that the total resistance of both the grid and the active material is minimized. Fourth, to the extent that he grid may function as a source of raw material from which new active material may be created to replace that lost by vibrations or volumetric changes, the grid should be thick. The conversion or corrosion of grid material into active material occurs primarily when the plate is being overcharged, and so is of concern only where overcharging may be frequent and/ or severe. The creation of new active material on and from the grid surface is necessarily at the expense of structural support, and so if too much of the grid is converted into active material the plate will fail structurally; the failure is further compounded by the fact that the grid is an electrical conductor, and its electrical continuity is reduced as structural failure occurs. Fifth, and finally, since the charging of uncharged positive plates begins at the grid surface and requires the presence of a three-phase interface of grid, uncharged active material, and electrolyte, it is necessary that the electrolyte be able to penetrate the active material to reach the grid surface. In this regard, for active material of a given porosity per unit of thickness the ability of the electrolyte to diffuse through the active material appears to vary inversely as a power which is approximately the square of the thickness of active material.
To illustrate how the various use requirements of batteries affect plate design, three different uses will be given.
At one end of the use spectrum are batteries intended for standby service, examples being those used to power switches, lights, and other apparatus during infrequent failures of conventional AC power. Such batteries are not often called upon to supply power, and may not be deeply discharged when they do supply power. Between power failures they are continuously or frequently provided with trickles of charging current, and may be subjected to overcharging in the process. These batteries are usually stationary and not subject to constant or large scale vibrations. One of the main requirements of such batteries is long life, measured at least in terms of time if not in cycles. To meet these requirements, the plates in these batteries may have relatively little active material, but should have relatively large, thick grids. Without too much dilficulty the grid can simultaneously provide the necessary structural support, serve as a source of new active material, and retain good electrical continuity. The electrolyte is able to diffuse through the active material at a sufliciently rapid rate to meet recharge requirements with ease, due in part to the relatively thin deposit of active material and due also to the acceptability of using low recharging rates in standby batteries.
At the other end of the use spectrum are motive power batteries used to power vehicles driven by electric motors. Examples of vehicles now widely using motive power batteries are materials handling trucks and golf carts, and in the future passenger cars may become large users of such batteries. The plates in these batteries must be capable of producing large amounts of power during one discharge, and so by necessity must have large quantities of active material. Beyond this, the design of plates for motive power batteries poses a dilemma, for to achieve one desired feature, sacrifices must be made in some other desired feature. To be competitive with internal combustion engines as a vehicle power source, the motive power batteries must have long life, low cost, and-if they are to be used in passenger vehicles where long distances will he traveled on one discharge-they must have a high useful energy density, a requirement which places a premium on a high ratio of active material to grid and on minimizing the internal electrical resistance of the plate. The life of the plates is seriously threatened by the tendency of vibrations and volumetric changes to result in active material being dislodged from the grid. This tendency can be counteracted by surrounding the grid and active material with a retainer tubing, but this increases cost and introduces other complications. Long life is also threatened by the serious overcharging to which such batteries may be subjected by unattentive or inexperienced personnel, the result of which may be to cause excessive corrosion of the grid. Grid corrosion may be made less serious simply by starting with larger grids, but this lowers the energy density of the battery. The plates in motive power batteries are at best a compromise between several desirable features. (The significance of the plate claimed in this application as an improvement for motive power batteries will be made clear later.)
Falling somewhere between these two extremes is the lead-acid battery used for starting lighting, and ignition purposes in automobiles having gasoline engines. These automotive batteries are similar in many respects to the standby batteries mentioned above inasmuch as they often receive only slight discharges and are usually recharged soon after discharge by the automobile electrical system, but are like the motive power batteries in the sense that they are exposed to frequent and heavy vibrations and must withstand many cycles of charge or discharge. The life of an automobile battery may vary from one or two years to several years, depending in part upon whether the automobile voltage regulator is properly adjusted; if not set correctly, the regulator can cause severe overcharging, which results in unnecessary grid corrosion. The trend in recent years has been to make increasingly thinner plates to permit rapid electrolyte diffusion through the active material and consequently permit rapid recharging, but to offset this a greater number of plates has been required to provide the necessary capacity.
Having given this discussion of the factors influencing plate design and performance, a chronological review of the development of positive plates in the lead-acid battery will now be made.
One of the earliest positive plates was developed by the Frenchman, Gaston Plant, in the middle of the nineteenth century. The Plant plates were created by immersing solid sheets of lead in a dilute sulfuric acid electrolyte and subjecting those sheets to successive cycles of charging and discharging. The terms forming or formation, by which is meant the cycling between lead and an oxide of lead through successive cycles of charge and discharge, date back at least to Plant, and may have originated with him. When the sheets were in the charged state a layer of an oxide of lead was present on the surface of the sheet, this oxide layer then being the active material and the remainder or non-oxidized portion of the sheet being the grid. By successive chargedischarge cycles the thickness of the active material layer could be increased, but at an ever decreasing rate due to the fact that the rate of electrolyte diffusion through the active material decreased as the thickness of the active material increased. The formation process used by Plant was time consuming and expensive. The thickness of the oxide layer obtainable in this manner was not only limited by the thickness of the sheets but also by the poor adhesion between the oxide active material particles and the grid; when the layer of active material was still relatively thin, an equilibrium point would be reached at which active material dislodged from the grid at the same rate at which the grid was being converted into active material. Thus the Plant plate was one of low capacity, and would be useful today only for standby applications having very low power requirements.
A significant improvement over the Plant plate was produced by another Frenchman, Camille Faure, who developed the idea of pasting active material onto a grid or substrate. Faures plate is described in United States Patent No. 252,002, issued to him in 1882. The Faure plate could be formed more easily than the one of Flame, but suffered from the fact that its active material tended to separate from the grid rather easily.
During the 1880s efforts were undertaken by several Europeans to improve the ability of the grid to retain Faures active material paste, Faure himself contributed to this creative activity by developing a laminated plate in which the active material paste was sandwiched between a sheet of grid material and a sheet of felt, the assembly being riveted together. See US. Patent No. 383,562, issued to Faure in 1888. Faures idea of using laminated plates was followed by others who subsequently received patents for their developments, and today the classification of the United States Patent Oflice reflects this chain of work; in Class 136 under the broad subclass of Faure or pasted electrodes there is a subclass, 46, entitled laminated grids which contains patents showing both plates in which non-laminated grids are laminated with active materials and plates in which laminated grids are pasted with active materials. Most of these patents show grids consisting of sheets folded or coiled about themselves, or show large lead sheets or plates serving as grids. They generally are inadequate because of their relatively low ratio of active material to grid. Development of these heavy laminated grids for use in lead-acid batteries appears to have ceased altogether around the turn of the century, probably because alternatives which offered a higher ratio of active material to grid had by then been developed.
Other approaches first tried during the 1880s saw the heavy solid or perforated lead sheets which were used as grids give way to grids containing strands or grid conductors between which were empty cells or pockets into which active material could be pasted. Vinal, in his treatise entitled Storage Batteries (Fourth Edition, 1955) cites on pages 4 and 5 several German and British patents issued between 1881 and 1888 to Volckmar, Swan, Sellon, and Correns, and illustrates with pictures the grids patented by these men. Important features of these improved grids were such things as the particular configurations of bars in the grids, the use of a single grid consisting of a double lattice of bars having triangular cross-sections and inwardly pointing apexes, and the alloy composition of the grid material. While this approach had the desirable result of increasing the ratio of active material to grid, it also had the undesirable result of producing a plate in which the active material could be easily dislodged.
A modification of the Plant plate came late in the nineteenth century in Manchester, England. Rather than consisting of just a sheet of lead or a lead alloy as the Plant plate does, the unformed Manchester plate contains numerous holes into which buttons or coiled ribbons of crimped lead are placed and held secure by friction. The Manchester buttons offered a much larger surface area per unit of weight than did Plants original lead sheet, and so offered more opportunity for active material to form.
Both the Plant and Manchester plates were characterized by exceptionally long lives as a result of having very thick grids (the uncharged portion of the sheets were the grids, and this was the vast majority of the sheet when the plates were new), but have nevertheless fallen into declining use because of their low capacity. Lead-acid batteries containing Manchester positive plates have been known to function for as long as 30 years before being removed from service, and on many occasions their retirement was due to insufficient capacity to meet increased power requirements rather than failure of the battery itself.
Following these early efforts, attempts to produce positive plates having high capacity, long life, and the ability to meet high discharge rate requirements have tended to divide along two alternative paths. Persons following one path were concerned with improving the pasted Faure plate, while down the other path traveled persons who abandoned pasting and concentrated instead on surrounding the grids with looser particles of active material held in place by a tubing.
Although some improvements have been made in pasted plates since they were developed by Faure, the basic problems encountered by him then still exist today: in order to arrive at a satisfactory ratio of active material paste to grid, it is necessary to use a grid in which the active material is pasted into the large empty cells or pockets between the grid strands or conductors, and when this is done the paste tends to fall out as a result of vibrations and volumetric changes. The advantages of pasted plates which account for their popularity are their low cost compared with other alternatives and the fact that they can be made thinner than tubular types.
One significant improvement which resulted in better retention of the active material paste in the grid came with the development in about 1919 of a process for making the active material, a process in which lead is abraded, pulverized, and oxidized in a mill. (For a discussion of this process and patents relating to it, see the litigation involved in Shimadzu v. The Electric Storage Battery Company, reported in volumes 21, 31, 36, 38, 41, 43, 47 and 51 of the United States Patent Quarterly.) This process produces lead or an oxide thereof having particles of irregular shape and nonuniform size, and it is believed to be the interlocking of these particles-made possible by their differing shapes and sizes-which contributes at least in part to the ability of the paste containing the lead compounds to be retained better in the grid.
The alternative to pasted plates which has been developed consists of a plate having numerous vertical spines, each of which is surrounded by a tubing filled with loose particles of active material. Such plates are commonly known as tubular plates. Developed around 1910 by E. W. Smith (see the following patents in which Smith is the inventor or a coinventor: 1,051,645, 1,054,801, 1,086,864, and 1,218,329), these plates overcome the disadvantages associated with the pasted plates, but cost more to manufacture. Rather than relying upon the grid to retain the active material as does the pasted plate, the tubing in the tubular plates holds the particles of active material in contact with the vertical spine or grid. Because the active material cannot escape from the spine or grid, tubular plates have long lives and are able to withstand both severe vibrations and the volumetric changes in the active material resulting from numerous deep discharges. Due to their construction the tubular plates are well suited for use in motive power batteries. Another advantage of the tubular plate results from the fact that the particles of active material are loose in the tubing rather than contained in a thick, dense paste, and thus the electrolyte may move more freely through the active material. In the more than half century since the tubular plates were developed by Smith, their construction principles have remained essentially unchanged, with subsequent efforts being devoted almost exclusively toward improving the tubing.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention provides a pasted plate having a grid laminated from at least three single grids, the grid conductors of which has been offset with respect to one another. The conventional advantages of pasted plates, ease of construction and low cost, are retained, while the ability of the new laminar plate to retain active material paste is greatly enhanced over previous pasted plates by virtue of having at least three single grids and offset grid conductors. The center single grid, perhaps more than the outer two of a three-grid laminate, resists corrosion in the acid electrolyte and thus continues to function for a long time as a support for the active material, giving the plate a long life. The internal electrical resistance of the laminar plate is reduced compared with either single grid pasted plates of the same thickness or pasted plates having laminated grids whose grid conductors are not offset with respect to each other.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIGURE 1 shows an unpasted rectangular single grid.
FIGURE 2 shows an unpasted radial single grid.
FIGURE 3 shows a pasted plate having a laminar grid of three rectangular single grids and having offset grid conductors. Portions of the paste and single grids are removed to show single grid configurations and orientations.
FIGURE 4 shows a pasted plate having a laminar grid in which a radial grid is sandwiched between two rectangular single grids. Portions of the paste and single grids are removed to show single grid configurations and orientations.
FIGURE 5 shows a pasted plate having a laminar grid in which a rectangular single grid is sandwiched between two radial single grids. The two radial single grids have radial grid conductors converging on the grid lugs. Portions of the paste and single grids are removed to show single grid configurations and orientations.
FIGURE 6 is similar to FIGURE 5, except that one radial single grid has radial grid conductors converging on its lug while the other radial single grid does not.
FIGURE 7 shows a cross-section of a pasted plate having a laminar grid of three single grids whose grid conductors are offset with respect to one another.
FIGURE 8 shows a cross-section of a pasted plate having a laminar grid of three single grids whose grid conductors are not offset with respect to one another.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Throughout the description and claims to follow certain words, phrases, and terms will be used with distinct meanings which should be set forth at this point.
A single grid means a grid consisting of a grid frame, grid conductors inside and joined to the grid frame, and a lug attached to the grid frame. The grid conductors are essentially strands which supply a webbing or interlaced structure by which to hold active material in place and serve also as current conductors. The grid frame serves as the support to which the grid conductors are joined and conducts current between the grid conductors and the lug. The lug in effect is the terminal for the single grid, through which the grid current passes.
Although single grids may be constructed in numerous configurations, only two of the most familiar shapes or designs will be discussed herein for purposes of illustration. It should be understood, however, that the terminology used in this description and the accompanying claims is not limited to these two configurations unless clearly so indicated.
In FIGURE 1 there is shown a single grid 10 of rectangular configuration, having a lug 12, a grid frame 14, and horizontal and vertical grid conductors 16 and 18, respectively. This particular single grid design is in common use in automobile batteries today. In FIGURE 2 there is shown a single grid 20 of radial configuration, having a lug 22, a grid frame, 24, and a radial and are grid conductors 26 and 28 respectively. The radial resign of a single grid has long been known, but is perhaps not so widely used to day as is the rectangular design.
A laminar grid is the result or product obtained when three more single grids are joined together in a composite or sandwich construction before active material is applied in or to any of the single grids. The single grids may be held together by spot welding or some other convenient method.
A laminar grid having offset grid conductors means a luminar grid in which the grid conductors of one single grid are offset with respect to the grid conductors of at least one other single grid of the laminar grid. By offset is meant offset, staggered, or misaligned in some fashion. Preferably although not necessarily the grid conductors of an interior single grid are offset with respect to the grid conductors of both exterior single grids. Only a few of the theoretically infinite number of different laminar grids having offset grid conductors are shown in the drawings for illustrative purposes, and these are made using the rectangular single grids of FIGURE 1 and/or the radial single grids of FIGURE 2.
FIGURE 3 represents a plate containing a laminar grid having offset grid conductors in which the laminar grid consists of three rectangular single grids, the middle of which has horizontal grid conductors which are offset with respect to the horizontal grid conductors of the other two single grids, while the horizontal grid conductors of the outer grids are in alignment with each other. Although FIGURE 3 does not show it, the vertical grid conductors may be offset instead or, or in addition to, the horizontal grid conductors.
FIGURE 4 represents a plate containing a laminar grid having affset grid conductors in which a single grid of radial design is sandwiched between two rectangular single grids whose grid conductors are not offset.
FIGURE 5 is similar to FIGURE 4 except that the rectangular single grid is sandwiched between two radial single grids whose grid conductors are not ofiset.
FIGURE 6 illustrates a plate containing a laminar grid having offset grid conductors in which the laminar grid consists of a rectangular single grid sandwiched between two radial single grids, one of which has radial conductors converging on the lug and the other of which does not.
Again, the illustrations stated above and shown in FIGURES 3-6 are merely representative of the many constructions of plates containing laminar grids having offset grid conductors, and by no means do these illustrations exhaust all possible such constructions.
One of the advantages of a laminar grid having offset grid conductors is its greater ability to retain active material paste. As best shown in FIGURE 7, between the grid conductors of the outer single grids is a pocket into which the active material paste may be spread. The pocket tends to protect the entrapped paste from subsequently becoming dislodged from the grid. The paste which is spread between the grid conductors is one of the outer single grids is reinforced and made more diflicult to dislodge by the offset grid conductor of the center single grid. These features are not present in either a pasted single grid or a laminar grid in which the grid conductors are not offset, the latter being shown in FIG- URE 8. This reinforcing feature of the laminar grid having offset grid conductors being purely mechanical in nature, it is applicable to both positive and negative plates of the lead-acid battery. It will be noted that FIGURES 3 through 6 all illustrate constrictions in which crosssections similar to that shown in FIGURE 7 may be obtained by appropriate sectioning. (The grid conductors in FIGURES 7 and 8 have arbitrarily been shown to have hexagonal cross-sections, although some other shape may be preferable.)
Another advantage of plates having laminar grids containing offset grid conductors, equally applicable to positive and negative plates, is the reduced internal electrical resistance of the plate compared with either pasted plates having single grids or pasted plates having laminar grids without offset grid conductors. FIGURE 7 shows that the greatest distance from a particle of active material to the grid conductor nearest it is less than the corresponding distance in FIGURE 8, and thus the internal 8 resistance of the plate of FIGURE 7 is less than that of FIGURE 8.
Still another advantage of a pasted plate having a laminar grid, equally applicable to positive and negative plates, is that the ratio of grid surface area to weight of active material is increased, when compared with pasted plates having single grids containing larger grid conductors. To the extent that such characteristics as active material adhesion to the grid and electrical conductivity-between the paste and the grid are improved by increasing the ratio of grid surface area to weight of active material, the pasted plates having laminar grids are improvements by virtue of having increased grid surface area.
One of the most important advantages of the laminar grids is associated with plates used as positives in the leadacid system. As can be seen from the background above, it is desriable to have the grid act both as a source of new material to replace that dislodged by vibration and by volumetric changes occurring in repeated charge-discharge cycles, and as a support of the active material, but these roles tend to be incompatable with each other. In this respect a positive plate having a laminar grid offers a good compromise, the result of which is a combination of sustained high capacity and long life. It may be theorized that during overcharge the grid conductors of the outer single grids, being nearest the source of electrolyte, are the first to react chemically with the electrolyte to create new active material on the grid conductor surface, and that this reaction produces new active material at the same rate at which it is lost due to vibration and volumetric changes; the time required to reach this equilibrium is minimized due to the increase ability of the plate to retain active material. It is even possible that when the plate is new the grid conductor material might be converted into active material at a faster rate than that at which active material was dislodged due to vibrations and volumetric changes, in which case the plate might show an increase in capacity. (Some increase in capacity in very early cycle life may also occur as a result of the conversion of free lead particles in the active material to oxides of lead, which conversion is caused by charging.) The result expected by this theory would be sustained capacity. Going on, the conductor grids of the interior single grid, being most remote from the source of electrolyte, are least accessible to the electrolyte and hence are least corroded by the electrolyte during overchange. Further reducing the extent to which the interior single grid be corroded is the fact that the deposit of applied active material paste surrounding the grid acts as a retainer for the new active material formed on the grid surface by overcharging, and prevents this new active material from dislodging; and the new active material, in turn, tends to prevent still further the electrolyte from reaching the uncorroded grid. The result expected by this reasoning is that the interior single grid would continue functioning as a structural support despite repeated cycles of charge and discharge, and the plate having a laminar grid would have long life.
Limited experimental data suggest that the theories described above may be correct.
To illustrate the ability of pasted plates containing laminar grids having offset grid conductors to maintain high capacity while withstanding numerous cycles of charge and discharge, a lead-acid cell was constructed containing 6 positive plates and 7 negative plates. Each positive plate was similar to that shown in FIGURE 3. The three single grids were held together by being welded with a lead-antimony alloy. A conventional lead paste used for automobile battery plates was applied, producing a plate having an average thickness of 0.160 inch. The total weight of the 6 positive plates was 11.70 pounds, of which the active material weighed 6.42 pounds and the grids weighed 5.28 pounds (a ratio of active material to grid of 1.22).
The cell was subjected to cycles of charge and discharge and its capacity observed. The repetitive time cycle consisted of 4 hours discharge through a fixed load. The discharge through a fixed load. The discharge current started at 42 amperes and essentially linearly decreased to 38 amps. at the end of discharge. Immediately following discharge at 2.75 hour high rate recharge ensued. The charge rate started at 48 amps. and decreased linearly to 44 amps. Immediately following the high rate recharge, there was a low rate charge of approximately 3.6 hours duration which had a starting current of 19 amps. that decreased to 14 amps. after 2 hours and then was held steady until the end of charge. Immediately after the low rate recharge, the discharge part of the cycle was initiated automatically. Approximately 160 amp. hours were removed during discharge, 129 amp. hours were replaced during the high rate recharge, and 64 amp. hours were replaced during the low rate recharge giving about 17% overcharge per cycle. The results of the cycling are shown in table.
TABLE Capacity, ampere Discharge rate, amhours, cell having lam- Number of cycles inar grid plates URES 4, 5, and 6, were tested and comparable results were obtained.
In summary, the plate containing a laminated grid having olfset grid conductors appears to offer significant advantages, especially when used as a positive in the lead acid battery.
I claim:
1. A battery plate consisting of a laminar grid having offset grid conductors with active material deposited therein, said laminar grid consisting of at least three single grids joined together in a sandwich construction.
2. The plate in claim 1 in which the grid conductors of an interior single grid are offset with respect to the grid conductors of both exterior single grids.
3. A positive plate for a lead-acid cell consisting of a laminar grid having offset grid conductors with active material deposited therein, said laminar grid consisting of at least three single grids joined together in a sandwich construction.
4. The plate in claim 3 in which the grid conductors of an interior single grid are offset with respect to the grid conductors of both exterior single grids.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 712,316 10/1902 Loppe et al 136-46 1,590,962 6/1926 Stecker 136-38 2,261,053 10/1941 De Martis et a1. 13637 2,275,194 3/1942 Sizelove l3636 2,716,146 8/1955 Raney 136-49 WINSTON A. DOUGLAS, Primary Examiner. C. F. LE FEVOUR, Assistant Examiner.
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|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 15, 1987
Owner name: EXIDE CORPORATION
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT RECORDED MARCH 31, 1983, REEL 4122-FRAMES 001 TO 074 IS HEREBY TERMINATED;ASSIGNOR:CONGRESS FINANCIAL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004747/0780
Effective date: 19870409
|Apr 1, 1983
Owner name: NATIONAL BANK OF CANADA, A BANKING CORP. OF CANADA
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:EXIDE CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004122/0122
Effective date: 19830322
|Mar 31, 1983
Owner name: CONGRESS FINANCIAL CORPORATION; A CORP OF CA.
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:EXIDE CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004122/0001
Effective date: 19830322


text:
Virtual Afghans Privacy Policy
We value and respect your privacy, and want you to know what information we collect and what we do with it.
The effective date of the most recent version of the privacy policy will appear at the top of this page. This consumer privacy policy applies to any information we collect or receive about you, from any source.
Information We Collect
We have several areas where members can submit information to us, and we also have features that automatically collect information from our members and other users.
Information You provide To Us
We have certain areas where we ask you to provide information to us:
Registration: You may register with us to use some of our members only features on our site such as discussion forums etc. We may also offer the option for you to register with us or sign up for our mailing list without having to use any other product or service. During registration, you will may be asked to provide us your personal information such as your name and email address as well as then country you reside etc.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
$144.00 with Cake Rental
($45 Cake Rental Price + $99 Deposit)
$154.00 without Cake Rental
($55 Cake Rental Price + $99 Deposit)
The Lexy Cake stand is a custom design cake stand by FunCakes. Hand crafted from wood with a wood scalloped edge. Hanging from the scalloped edge are pearl strands and large crystal diamonds. A center pedestal of wood brings a nice height to this stand.
All stands are available to rent with or without a cake purchase. The cost of $144.00 is for the stand rental when you are renting one of our gorgeous cakes. The cost of $154.00 is for renting the cake stand without one of our cakes.
There is a $99.00 security deposit for the safe return of our stands, which we will refund when the stand is returned back to us within 7 days of your event.
Please note: The cake stand price does NOT include the cake.
Stand Diameter: 16″
Stand Height: 7″
Stand Shape: Round


text:
Killer serves and intense rallies
Spice Stellar Mi-508 smartphone was launched in August 2014. The phone comes with a 5.00-inch touchscreen display with a resolution of 480 pixels by 854 pixels.
The Spice Stellar Mi-508 is powered by 1.3GHz dual-core it comes with 512MB of RAM. The phone packs 4GB of internal storage that can be expanded up to 32GB via a microSD card. As far as the cameras are concerned, the Spice Stellar Mi-508 packs a 8-megapixel primary camera on the rear and a 2-megapixel front shooter for selfies.
The Spice Stellar Mi-508 runs Android 4.4 and is powered by a 2000mAh removable battery.
The Spice Stellar Mi-508 is a dual SIM (GSM and GSM) smartphone that accepts Regular and Regular. Connectivity options include Wi-Fi, GPS, Bluetooth and FM. Sensors on the phone include Proximity sensor and Accelerometer.
How to download The Prince Of Tennis form Spice Stellar Mi-508?
- Check the Android version to verify compatibility of The Prince Of Tennis with Spice Stellar Mi-508.
Find Android version: go to "Settings" - "About the phone" - "Android version". Make sure The Prince Of Tennis is compatible with Spice Stellar Mi-508.
- Click the download button to download The Prince Of Tennis in Spice Stellar Mi-508.
- Once the download and installation are complete, find The Prince Of Tennis in your home screen and tap the icon to open it.
Related apps to Spice Stellar Mi-508
Dream League Soccer 2017Download
Winner Soccer Evolution EliteDownload
Cartoon Mini Golf Games 3DDownload
3D BowlingDownload
Need for Speed Hot PursuitDownload
Bowling KingDownload
NBA JAM by EA SPORTSDownload
8 Ball PoolDownload
PES 2014 Pro Evolution SoccerDownload
Score! HeroDownload
WWE 2KDownload
Play World Football League: Soccer Game 2017Download
Pro Evolution Soccer 2012(Full Game)Download
Other supported phone models
ZTE Axon Mini
Xiaomi Mi Note Natural Bamboo Edition
Sony Xperia Tipo Dual
Acer Liquid Jade 2
Lenovo Vibe X3 (Youth)
Oppo R5s
HTC Desire 516C
Panasonic T40
Zen Admire Star
Huawei Honor 6
Swipe Konnect Neo 4G
Gionee P2S
Lyf Wind 2
Intex Aqua Marvel
Lava Iris 460
Celkon Millennia Q519
Xolo Q610s
Micromax Bolt S300
Asus ZenFone 2 ZE600KL
Maxx Mobile AXD21 MSD7 Smarty
Samsung Galaxy A3
Nokia 3
Blu Life One X2
iBall Andi 3.5V Genius2
Alcatel One Touch Idol ALPHA
Motorola Moto X (Gen 2)
Wickedleak Wammy Note 3
LG G Vista
Karbonn A5
Videocon Infinium Z51 Nova
InFocus Bingo 50
Idea Magna
iBerry Auxus One
Vivo Xplay6
Philips S398
Coolpad Note 5 Lite
Datawind PocketSurfer3G5
LeEco Le 2 Pro
BlackBerry Aurora
Meizu metal
Zopo Speed 8
Adcom Thunder A-500
Obi Alligator S454
MTS Duet
Yu Yutopia
Archos 55 Helium 4 Seasons
Ringing Bells Elegance
Fly Qik


text:
Government Affairs Manager - WDC
Location: Washington, DC
What are we looking for?This position entails wide-ranging government affairs and advocacy management for multiple Kellen association clients. Candidates must be comfortable in a fast-paced, energetic, and participatory environment, where candidate's involvement is critical to client success.
This is a highly visible position within the company with an advancement path for candidates who can demonstrate their energy, professionalism, analytical skills, and intellectual curiosity.
Specific responsibilities include, but are not limited to:
Am I qualified?
What do we offer?By joining Kellen, you will have the opportunity to own a part of the business and contribute to a collaborative workplace where you can make a difference. We've got great benefits, paid vacation, holidays, ESOP, 401(k), tuition reimbursement, and more!


text: Seller: rarewinemerchant (129) 100%, Location: Artarmon, Ships to: AU, Item: 142180953557 Details: HOTLINE: 0409 121 151 Domaine Pavelot 1er Cru Les Vergelesses Rouge 2012 Domaine Pavelot 1er Cru Les Vergelesses Rouge 2012 Domaine Pavelot 1er Cru Les Vergelesses Rouge 2012 Variety: 100% Pinot Noir Pernand-Vergelesses often over-delivers on quality and value. This is especially true now that a new generation of young vignerons have taken over and made great advances in viticulture such as a more careful and rigorous selection of fruit. With ongoing investments and improvements of winemaking facilities, first class wines are to be discovered equal to those of the surrounding villages with better known names. The Pavelot family is one name with a long history in this village dating back to the 17th century and record of ancestors making and selling wine goes back multiple generations. It is now brother/sister team of Luc and Lise Pavelot who manage the 9 hectare domaine. Both graduates of Beaune's renowned winemaking school, and both having gained experience in regions outside of their home, Luc in northern California at Navarro Vineyards and Lise in the Loire Valley at Domaine Dagueneau, before both returning home and taking over from their father Régis Pavelot, in the early 1990s. The domaine has been certified organic since the 2009 vintage. Rigourous work in the vineyards reducing yields and aerating the grape bunches makes a huge difference as this micro-climate, sandwiched between two imposing hills, can be cooler than the surrounding villages. They also practice a more thorough and demanding selection process at harvest so that only the cleanest and healthiest fruit goes into the fermenting tanks. With the exception of old-vine Aligoté, the Chardonnay juice is fermented in barrel and the Pinot generally has several days of cold maceration before fermentation begins, lasting 2 – 3 weeks, in enamel-lined concrete tanks, then being transferred to barrel for ageing anywhere from 12 to 15 months. In recent years, Luc has been selectively adding small amounts of whole clusters into tank for the reds, as the vintage merits, adding a spicy, herbal component which contributes to the wine's complexity, and leads to more structured wines. Thanks to the dedication of young winemakers like Luc Pavelot, the village has become a place for quality, terroir driven wines that deserve equal recognition as those of the neighbouring villages. Shipping Shipping: Freight - RareWines is able to deliver to the majority of Australian suburbs using various courier companies as well as Australia Post. All packages dispatched are insured to their full purchase price and will be either replaced or the purchase price refunded in the event of loss or damage in transit. - Items purchased will only be dispatched to the registered address as it appears on Ebay. If you would like to alter the delivery address, please put this in writing immediately after payment has been made to ensure an easy and smooth transaction. - Pickup is not available from the RareWines warehouse due to liquor licensing laws. Proof of age may be requested at any point in time throughout the order process in accordance with New South Wales Liquor Licensing Laws. Estimated delivery time from Sydney to other capital cities is 2 to 6 business days. Postage may be delayed if very hot weather is forecast. If the person accepting the delivery is out and there are no delivery instructions, Australia Post will leave a card in the letter box for collection at your local Post Office. Payment We accept the following payment methods: PayPal - VISA, MasterCard, Bank Account Credit card over the phone - VISA, MasterCard Bank Deposit - BSB 012280 Acct 268501623 with transaction reference, or Surname For any enquiries or credit card payments please call on 0409 121 151 Returns All purchases made with RareWines are backed by a 14 Day Money Back Guarantee. If you believe that the item you have received is not as described, please contact us immediately in order to speed up the resolution process. Photographic evidence may be requested in some instances for insurance purposes. Return postage is at the buyers' expense and may be refunded if RareWines is proved to be at fault. LIQUOR ACT 2007: It is against the law to sell or supply alcohol to, or to obtain alcohol on behalf of, a person under the age of 18 years. Liquor License Number LIQP770010377 Please enjoy alcohol in moderation and life in excess! Cheers.


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I've been working on this for about 2 days now, and I'm getting to a point where I feel I need a fresh set of eyes to just point out everything that went wrong with the picture/composition. I've been staring at it for a while, but I don't want to get into detailing anything too much until I settle for a composition I like.
Attachment 1291055


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Tuesday, August 2, 2011
Making Friends
It's always a little scary when you move to a new part of the country. It's also a bit daunting trying to figure out how to meet new people and make new friends, even when you are 37 years old.
Fortunately, in this day and age, Facebook has come to the rescue. I know the date stamp says January, but actually this picture was taken over Memorial Day. It was a great day, Chris even got to make a new friend, Kirk Kraft. They are both equally goofy and had a good time getting to know each other.
We've been very fortunate that because of church family who lived in Everett previously and because of friends who are friends with others on Facebook we got to make some friends before moving. It's amazing how much easier that made life and the transition. It's still not always easy, but it isn't as tough as it could have been.
Dear Lord,
Thank you for paving a way for us to make new friends and embrace new ones into our family. Thank you for blessing us with good friends and helping us find a loving church family. Thank you for always meeting our needs when we need them, even if we don't always understand that at the time. Thank you for always having our best interests at heart and taking such good care of us. Help us to remember to be thankful and help us to remember we need to praise you.
Have a good week.
Love in Christ,
Posted by minimoe1974 at 6:44 PM
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text:
Lyrics.com »
Search results for 'oholy night by celine dion'
Yee yee! We've found 4 lyrics, 76 artists, and 100 albums matching oholy night by celine dion.
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A Tribute to Celine Dion (Patti Lewis) · Plays Celine Dion (New Symphonic Orchestra) · A Tribute to Celine Dion (Celine Dion) · Unison/Celine Dion/The Colour of My Love (Celine Dion) · Plays The Music Of Celine Dion (The Moonlight String Orchestra) · 2 in 1: Celine Dion (Celine Dion) · Let's Talk About Love/Celine Dion (Celine Dion) · Celine Dion/D'Eux/S'Il Suffisait D'Aimer (Celine Dion) · Songs of Celine Dion (Hutchinson, Hutch) · Celine Dion, Vol. 2 (Celine Dion) – and 90 other albums »
Masseuse, wedding ring on, loving Celine Dion. Hate rap, told me where she get caked at. Shes a part time danca, part time romanca. Tries to be a mother
a chaffeur drivin me around in the green Rolls Royce, parked parallel, on Fifth Avenue Steppin in Bloomingdale's, waitin for Celine Dion to get her
Masseuse, wedding ring on, lovin' Celine Dion. Hate rap, told me where she get caked at. She's a part time danca, part time romanca. Tries to be a mother
Still Lex knows Gasoline jumper on with the most fly livest Gortex made in Mexico Bricks Fifteen Five Celine Dion ties Two Thousand dollar bubble


text:
Skip to comments.Early Farming Communities Often Ate Weeds, Other Wild Plants, UCLA Archaeologist Finds
Posted on 03/31/2006 8:40:59 AM PST by SunkenCiv
Thousands of years after the advent of agriculture, ancient farmers in India routinely foraged for wild plants -- even weeds -- when times got tough, a UCLA archaeologist has found. In fact, they may have eaten a flower now used today in Hawaii for leis, a weed considered invasive in the American West and a relative of the acacia plant that now grows beside Southern California freeways, said Monica L. Smith, the article's author and an assistant professor in the UCLA Department of Anthropology and who also heads the South Asian archaeology laboratory at UCLA's Cotsen Institute of Archaeology.
(Excerpt) Read more at newsroom.ucla.edu ...
Tossing a bit of trivia into the salad, the gunnysacks often used to collect wild greens were often referred to as 'pokes'.
In the days before our sophisticated (refrigerated) food distribution system, a lot of wild greems were popular because they emerged very early in the spring--before anything in the garden was producing and folks were plain hungry for something 'green'. The other plus is that it's 'found food'--the labor being only in the finding as opposed to the planting & tending...and collection is something that kids could be tasked to do.
My mom grew up in the Ozarks--they kept hogs, chickens and a garden. But they also foraged for food--from early greens to summer berries to nuts in the fall. And they ate a lot of small game, too.
wonder if they ever smoked any "weed"?
I've been a forager since I was a child. Where I live now, in Soutnern Maryland, pawpaws and serviceberries are particularly abundant.
My Grampa's definition of weed may apply. He used to say that a weed is "A plant growing in a place other than where you want it."
Makes sense to me!
Me too.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


text:
Special game mode for tablets
Spice Stellar Mi-508 smartphone was launched in August 2014. The phone comes with a 5.00-inch touchscreen display with a resolution of 480 pixels by 854 pixels.
The Spice Stellar Mi-508 is powered by 1.3GHz dual-core it comes with 512MB of RAM. The phone packs 4GB of internal storage that can be expanded up to 32GB via a microSD card. As far as the cameras are concerned, the Spice Stellar Mi-508 packs a 8-megapixel primary camera on the rear and a 2-megapixel front shooter for selfies.
The Spice Stellar Mi-508 runs Android 4.4 and is powered by a 2000mAh removable battery.
The Spice Stellar Mi-508 is a dual SIM (GSM and GSM) smartphone that accepts Regular and Regular. Connectivity options include Wi-Fi, GPS, Bluetooth and FM. Sensors on the phone include Proximity sensor and Accelerometer.
How to download Pocket Jewels HD FREE form Spice Stellar Mi-508?
- Check the Android version to verify compatibility of Pocket Jewels HD FREE with Spice Stellar Mi-508.
Find Android version: go to "Settings" - "About the phone" - "Android version". Make sure Pocket Jewels HD FREE is compatible with Spice Stellar Mi-508.
- Click the download button to download Pocket Jewels HD FREE in Spice Stellar Mi-508.
- Once the download and installation are complete, find Pocket Jewels HD FREE in your home screen and tap the icon to open it.
Related apps to Spice Stellar Mi-508
Sugar SmashDownload
Bubble Combos!Download
Curse Breakers: Horror Mansion FreeDownload
Where's My Water?Download
Parking3D 2Download
Bad PiggiesDownload
Bubble Bird RescueDownload
Lara Croft GO(Full Game)Download
Escape the MansionDownload
Block! Hexa PuzzleDownload
Pirate TreasuresDownload
Wordie: Guess the WordDownload
Other supported phone models
Swipe Elite Sense
Micromax Canvas Blaze MT500
Celkon Campus A15K
MTS Duet 2
ZTE Nubia Z9 Elite
Panasonic P41
Gionee P7
Samsung Galaxy J3 (6)
Alcatel A5 LED
HTC Desire SV
Oppo R7s
Adcom A350
Xolo One
Intex Aqua V 3G
Archos 45 Helium 4G
Lava Iris X1 Mini
Zopo Speed 8
Coolpad Max
Karbonn A6+
BlackBerry Priv
Philips S308
Huawei Ideos X5
Xiaomi Mi Note Natural Bamboo Edition
InFocus M2 4G
Motorola Droid Turbo
Sony Xperia Z4
Lenovo A1000
Blu Life One X2
LeEco Le Max 2
Nokia 6
Vivo X3S
Obi S450
Fly F50 Q
iBall mSLR Cobalt 4
iBerry Auxus Handy H01
Zen Cinemax Click
Acer Liquid Zest 4G
Idea Ultra
Wickedleak Wammy Note 4
Lyf Water 5
Meizu Pro 6s
Maxx Mobile Ax5 Plus
Yu Yureka
Asus ZenFone 2 Laser (ZE601KL)
Videocon Z55 Delite
Datawind MoreGMax 3G6
Ringing Bells Freedom 251


text:
Licensed, Bonded, & Insured
(302) 328-6651
1183 S Dupont Highway,
New Castle, DE 19720-5203
Maintenance Contracts
Contact Us
Special Offers
Heating and Cooling in New Castle, Delaware
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Experience You Can Trust
has been a household name for more than 70 years so you can place your full confidence in our ability to ensure optimum performance for all your heating, air-conditioning, and plumbing systems. Our technicians are professional, knowledgeable, and courteous, so you can always expect a pleasant experience when you call on us.
More Reasons to Choose Us
We are in the service business and not the sales business. This means that when you want your current system serviced or repaired, this is what you'll get without having to deal with pushy sales tactics. However, we are more than adept at servicing and installing new systems as we have kept up with changing technology while maintaining a high level of customer care.
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text:
Rock on for lunch or dinner and enjoy classic American fare from two fixed price menus at the Hard Rock Cafe in Chicago. Choose from a legendary burger, fajitas, ribs and many other mouth-watering choices that include a soft drink, dessert and even service gratuity for the meal!
Your cart is currently empty
We have a number of tours and activites to pick from. Use the list below to find the type of tour you are looking for.
You will receive an E-Ticket for your tour/activity within 72 hours (if your tour/activity is in less than 10 days). If your tour/activity is within the next 72 hours, your E-Ticket will be processed as quickly as possible.Print your E-Ticket


text:
North Korea. A country notorious for its dictatorship, nuclear crises, famine, natural disasters and human right violations. Our diplomatic relation with them has recently been brought to the spotlight when Kim Jong-Nam, the elder brother of Kim Jong-Un, was murdered on our nation's sovereign ground, in Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA). His murder puts forth a question on our diplomatic relations with the country – since when have we affiliated ourselves with North Korea? To what extent should we continue this relationship?
Jong-Nam's Death
There are conflicting views as to how Jong-Nam died. Ri Tong-Il, the former North Korean Ambassador to the United Nations, claimed that he died from heart attack due to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and high blood pressure. However, US and South Korea accused that he was murdered by North Korean agents, and were quick to point out that a poison-pen was used.
Malaysia confirmed a week later that he was poisoned with a chemical known as VX nerve agent. In fact, it is classified by the UN as a weapon of mass destruction and is 100 times deadlier than the infamous sarin gas. Since it was deployed on Malaysian soil, some even go as far as claiming it could lead to a 'justifiable act of war'.
Malaysian Diplomatic History with North Korea
North Korea, or Democratic People's Republic of Korea, is a Communist country, regardless of its self-imposed "Democratic" and "Republic" labels. Since Malaysia has taken anti-communist measures in the past, as evidently, the Internal Security Act (ISA) was formed partly to counter the resurgence of communism. Communism dictatorship rule and several other governing principles are categorically contradicting our nation's democratic values. Therefore, it begs an important question – why do we have diplomatic ties with a communist nation at all?
The truth is, Malaysia has already established diplomatic ties with them since 1973. Rather surprisingly, Malaysia was the first country whose citizens could travel there without a visa for purposes of tourism and businesses with some sources even claiming that we are the only country with such privilege.
Equally interesting, in an effort to integrate North Koreans into globalization, our very own HELP University awarded an honorary doctorate in Economics to Kim Jong-Un back in 2013. There are even some North Koreans studying at the same university.
All of these point to a pre-existing diplomatic tie with North Korea, which we have recently severed in light of recent events.
Malaysia Cut Ties?
Not long after the horrendous murder in our airport, Malaysia had recalled her ambassador back for "consultations", and also expelled North Korean's ambassador deeming him a persona non grata with a 48 hour notice to leave. As of today, he has left the country.
This was amid the claims that Pyongyang had refused an apology for interfering and attacking the investigations, while the North Korean ambassador was also called "diplomatically rude" by our Prime Minister. Some other ministers have also called out North Korea to be a highly unpredictable rogue state.
North Korea had retaliated by prohibiting Malaysians in their country from leaving the country. They claim to be willing to release them when the incident is solved, and the air of uncertainty is keeping Malaysians curious and concerned as negotiations continue.
Recent events show that Dato' Seri Najib Tun Razak, our Prime Minister, has condemned the ban as a blatant disregard of international law, and committed to take all measures necessary to protect Malaysian citizens in North Korea. Malaysia has also banned North Koreans from leaving our country.
Malaysia-North Korea Relations Going Forward
The relationship was first formed due to Malaysia's practice of a neutral non-interventionist policy as our foreign policy. Neutrality has been central in Malaysian foreign policy since the 70s, which made amiable relations with both democratic states such as the United States, and also authoritarian polities such as Iran and China, possible even when conflicts between these states were occurring. Neutrality mainly helped our country through mutual economic benefit. However, embracing neutrality as a foreign policy is not an absolute policy and has its own limits. For instance, Malaysia has always positioned itself condemning Israel for atrocities committed against Palestinians and their illegal settlements in the West Bank.
North Korea has benefited from the diplomatic relationship we have with them especially as we mediate informal peace talks for them and the US in our country. They have also benefitted from our education system as well as provision of job opportunities for some of their people. However, just how much have we benefited from them?
In 2014, Malaysia's export value to North Korea was merely $2 million. We also import iron and steel from North Korea with a value of US$200,000, and generally, we are not dependent on their supply as our main suppliers (China, Japan and South Korea) are still on good terms with Malaysia. Clearly, we do not lose out on much by cutting ties with them, as reiterated by our Minister of Foreign Affairs in a statement saying the value is "insignificant".
Tourism and a visa-free travel have be suspended as well as the discontinuation of many tourism packages between the two countries by multiple agencies. The North Korean Tourism office in Kuala Lumpur was also seen to be locked from the outside.
Going forward, ceasing diplomatic relations with the totalitarian state of North Korea may be better at least symbolically, as it signals Malaysia's rejection of North Korea's violations of universal values such as basic human rights. Due to heavy censorship, many of the violations done by the North Korean government has gone unpublicised, which makes them a highly unpredictable state.
Our government's swift response to the issue should be commended, as it demonstrates that Malaysia will stand up to "bullies" and any party who tries to tarnish our good reputation. Malaysians are left wondering what will happen next, but surely, we are confident that we will do the best that we can to deal with the conflict effectively.
By: Malaysian Progressives United Kingdom (MPUK)


text: Home > World Saudi suspects case of Ebola infection Agence France-Presse Posted at Aug 05 2014 08:12 PM | Updated as of Aug 06 2014 04:12 AM Share Save Facebook Twitter GPlus LinkedIn RIYADH - Doctors in Saudi Arabia are testing a patient suspected of having contracted Ebola during a trip to West Africa, hit by an epidemic of the virus, the health ministry said Tuesday. The Saudi man was admitted to hospital in the Red Sea city of Jeddah after showing symptoms of haemorrhagic fever upon his return from Sierra Leone. The patient, in his 40s, is in critical condition and has symptoms "similar to that of Ebola infection." Ebola-like symptoms include fever, vomiting, severe headaches and muscular pain and, in the final stages, profuse bleeding. The UN World Health Organisation said Monday that at least 887 people have died from Ebola since the beginning of the year, after the virus spread across Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. In April, Saudi Arabia announced a ban on visas for Muslims in the three West African nations wishing to perform the pilgrimage to the Muslim holy sites there. © 1994-2014 Agence France-Presse Share Save Facebook Share on Twitter GPlus LinkedIn Read More: disease public health Saudi Arabia ebola virus /news/09/22/17/taxi-driver-na-dawit-sa-pagpatay-kina-carl-at-kulot-primary-suspek-na-aguirre/business/09/22/17/china-hits-back-at-sps-mistaken-credit-downgrade/business/09/22/17/poverty-in-paradise-the-dark-side-of-indonesias-new-tourism-hope/life/09/22/17/10-things-to-do-this-weekend-september-22-24/entertainment/09/22/17/vhong-navarro-thankful-as-doj-junks-rape-complaints


text:
EM – 1/24/17: Regarding Construction of American Pipelines
By Tom Milligan
Within hours of issuing Executive Memorandums to expedite the construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline and the approval for the Keystone XL Pipeline, President Trump issued this new Memorandum which, at its core, simply says "buy American."
In this Memorandum, President Trump instructs the Secretary of Commerce – within 180 days – to develop and submit a plan in which all new or renovated pipelines in the United States are built or repaired using goods and materials produced in the United States.
Sounds good. Buy American.
My first question – as always – is whether or not the President has the authority to issue an edict like this?
Can the President actually force a company contracted to build a pipeline to only buy American materials?
Asked in a different context; what if President Trump ordered Apple to build iPhones using components produced only in the United States?
If he did that, could he also prohibit Ford from importing Mustang parts from Mexico?
Where does his power end?
The answer is that he can't really force Apple or Ford to buy only American-produced parts or components. He can, however, make importing those parts less attractive (i.e. more expensive) by imposing tariffs on those imported components.
Trump's threatened tariffs would increase the price of the imported materials needed to build iPhones and Mustangs to the point that it may make sense to build them here anyway.
Now before you say, "See! The tariffs will force us to buy American!" try to understand that the only reason the tariffs would make Ford or Apple buy from US suppliers is because it's slightly cheaper than buying from Mexico or China.
But that doesn't mean it's cheaper for the consumer.
So he can't prohibit Apple or Ford, but with regards to pipelines, he has more than just tariffs in his bag of tricks.
You see, for any interstate or international pipeline within the United States to be built or renovated, the owner or operator of the pipeline must seek and receive approval from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). Despite the fact that FERC is a self-funded organization that claims to be independent, it is ultimately a part of the Department of Energy now run by the immensely unqualified Rick Perry who owes his job to Donald Trump.
So here's how this will probably play out…
Some poor, unsuspecting contractor will bid on a project to repair a pipeline using his known suppliers/prices. Then FERC, under the direction of Trump's stooge Perry will withhold approval until they agree to buy according to Trump's new edict, which may or may not have been taken into account when they won the bid.
But now they're stuck.
They're contractually obligated to repair the pipeline, but their costs have just gone way up.
They can't afford to perform the work they're obligated to perform, so their only option is to declare bankruptcy and layoff their workers.
Talk about unintended consequences!
I know most Trumpers will still get all excited that their President is so fixated on buying American, but let's face it:
Despite the patriotic brouhaha surrounding it, Trump's own foreign purchasing habits weaken this Memorandum to the point of nothingness.
Trump's ugly ties and shirts are manufactured in Mexico and China and his daughter's line of cheap knockoffs are manufactured in China.
Just yesterday, our President bashed Seattle-based Nordstrom for dropping Ivanka's line made in China. Then Trump's mouthpiece, Kellyanne Conway, went on national television and asked all of us to buy Ivanka's chinese-made shit.
"America First" my ass!
I'm all for buying American. I think the idea that Trump wants all of us to buy American goods is good and patriotic.
I also believe that imposing government control over the purchasing decisions of private companies is NOT a conservative principle.
If Donald Trump wants to encourage – or force – Americans to buy American goods, then he should support a boycott of his and Ivanka's products until such time they onshore the manufacturing.
I'll close with the ironic final words of Trump's "America First" policy:
"…we can bring jobs back to America's shores, increase wages, and support U.S. manufacturing."
What a joke!
Click here to read my reviews on other Executive Actions & Orders


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Property ID : V00003HH
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This house has many features and a great mature garden with BBQ area and lots of space. The home is well cared for and tastefully decorated with high quality items throughout and viewing is highly recommended as value like this is hard to beat. All rooms are spacious and comfortable and the home is a real credit to the owners and estate.
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U.S. Market
Stocks pared earlier gains and were mixed at midday as investors eyed economic data.
The Standard & Poor's/Case-Shiller home-price indexes showed little monthly change in January. The 10-city index remained the same compared with December, while the 20-city index fell 0.1%, though when seasonally adjusted, each index increased 0.8%. The year-over-year readings were much better, albeit slightly lower than economists' expectations, with the 10-city index rising 13.5% compared with the same time last year, and the 20-city index increasing 13.2%.
Meanwhile, new-home sales fell 3.3% last month compared with January's tally. The reading missed the annual-rate expectations, and it was the lowest level in five months. January's sales numbers were revised downward, as well, with harsh winter weather and higher mortgage rates negatively affecting new transactions.
Separately, the consumer confidence index came in at 82.3 for March, about four points higher than economists' expectations, which called for little change compared with February. The March index was the best in more than six years, with consumers showing more optimism for the economy and job growth.
The Dow was up 0.2% at midday, but the Nasdaq had lost 0.4%. The S&P 500 was flat.
Stocks on the Move
Walgreen (WAG) reported a decline in second-quarter profit, which was $754 million versus $756 million from the same time last year. Adjusted earnings per share fell short of Wall Street expectations. Same-store sales increased, but customer traffic declined. Walgreen said it plans to close at least 76 stores during the second half of the year, but it also expects to increase the overall number of stores. Shares were up 3.1% at midday.
Carnival (CCL)(CUK) posted a first-quarter loss of $15 million compared with a profit of $37 million from last year. Adjusted results were flat, but derivatives had a negative impact on the bottom line. Revenue slipped by 0.2%. The firm narrowed its full-year earnings estimates, but its current-quarter outlook is lower than Street forecasts. CCL shares were down 5.4% at midday, and CUK shares had lost 4.7%.
Foreign Markets
Asian stocks were mostly lower. The Shanghai Composite was flat, but the Nikkei 225 and the Hang Seng lost 0.4% and 0.5%.
Stocks in Europe were higher, with the Paris CAC and the DAX each gaining 1.4% and the FTSE 100 rising 1.1%.


text:
|09 Sep 2014
BSOD playing various games, error 0x116 and 0xC2
Hello and thank you for your time,
I have one BSOD issue that's been pretty persistent 0x116, but it only happens in certain games. So far, I've tested 4 games and it's consistently crashing in WoW and Dungeon Defenders: Eternia. Initially I thought it was the latest nVidia driver update because it started happening much more after I updated my graphics card, but that didn't help. I ended up using a driver that is close to the driver my computer came installed with (still using that graphics driver, GeForce 340.52). Since that didn't work, I sent my computer to a shop to clean the fan. my graphics card usually reaches high 70/80-82 degrees fahrenheit (sp?) which is high compared to other cards, but I checked the manufacturer site and I believe it's still within its expected temp range. Again, that didn't fix it, so I contacted my laptop's manufacturer, iBuyPower, and explained my situation and told the rep that I thought my issue was a failing graphics card because the crashing games would work with my Intel graphics card. He agreed and I am thinking of getting my graphics card replaced.
One night, however, I felt like playing League of Legends and that didn't blue screen so I tried another game, Diablo 3, and that also turned out alright, except 1 bsod code 0x116 that happened a day or two after I started playing D3 again, but that was a while ago, but since then I've been alright on the D3 front. So I thought to myself, "Maybe it fixed itself!" So I tried one of the bsod games mentioned earlier and had no luck with that. I'm not sure what's wrong because I feel like a failing graphics card wouldn't work on LoL and D3 if it didn't work on Dungeon Defenders and WoW.
Anyway, onto the next error code, 0xC2. It happened recently, an hourish ago, while I was playing Diablo3 and surfing the web while alt tabbed, waiting for people and whatnot. I'm not sure how to analyze this error.
Thanks in advance for the help!
|My System Specs
|09 Sep 2014
******************************************************************************* * * * Bugcheck Analysis * * * ******************************************************************************* Use !analyze -v to get detailed debugging information. BugCheck C2, {7, 109b, 40d0001, fffffa8012362730} *** WARNING: Unable to verify timestamp for bflwfx64.sys *** ERROR: Module load completed but symbols could not be loaded for bflwfx64.sys GetPointerFromAddress: unable to read from fffff800032ff100 GetUlongFromAddress: unable to read from fffff800032ff1c0 Probably caused by : bflwfx64.sys ( bflwfx64+9554 ) Followup: MachineOwner ---------
******************************************************************************* * * * Bugcheck Analysis * * * ******************************************************************************* Use !analyze -v to get detailed debugging information. BugCheck 116, {fffffa8014b23010, fffff8800fdc0e2c, ffffffffc000009a, 4} *** WARNING: Unable to verify timestamp for nvlddmkm.sys *** ERROR: Module load completed but symbols could not be loaded for nvlddmkm.sys Probably caused by : nvlddmkm.sys ( nvlddmkm+9bbe2c ) Followup: MachineOwner ---------
|My System Specs
|09 Sep 2014
Thanks! It's working so far, but I'll let you know if something comes up. My WoW subscription ended so I'll be testing this on other games
|My System Specs
|09 Sep 2014
Okay brillint
|My System Specs
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I've had the At Home With You bundle since the Annual catalogue came out but it has sat on the shelf because although I love all the different little elements to it, I thought it might be a bit time consuming. Do you ever do that? Am I the only one?
This week I finally made a start on it as I needed a card for my Dad and I wanted something a little bit special. It really wasn't as time consuming as I thought it would be and I plan to stamp, die cut and colour in a few of the pieces and save them in the stamp box so that I can make a really quick card if needed in the future.
The door on the front swings open …
… to reveal a surprise.
The card base is an A6 portrait of Early Espresso. A layer of Sahara Sand was sponged with Cajun Craze ink through the brickwork Pattern Party Decorative Mask (not just for using with embossing paste) and a strip of Basic Grey card was adhered across the bottom. Using the At Home With You bundle, the door was stamped onto Wood Textures DSP with Early Espresso ink and die cut out and the windows were die cut from the upper part of the door. An outer door piece (without the swing open effect) was die cut from Whisper White card and stamped with the sentiment and gift in Basic Black. The Wood Texture door was adhered over the top of the Whisper White version and then adhered direct to the card front. Lanterns were stamped in Basic Black ink. The ornamental trees were inked with Basic Black for the planters and Garden Green for the shrubbery (I can't say that without thinking of Monty Python lol). Happy Birthday signs were created for the door and a welcome mat was stamped with Early Espresso ink and die cut from Crumb Cake card. Markers were used to colour all the little elements, keeping to a palette of Real Red, Daffodil Delight, Soft Suede and Smoky Slate. (I haven't listed all the markers in the Supply List below but please comment if you want further details about them).
On the Whisper White insert, a sentiment from Celebration Time was stamped in Early Espresso ink.
The little details really make for great scene building with this set.
Thanks for stopping by.


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Punjab News ExpressCHANDIGARH : The Haryana Police plan to launch a fortnight-long crackdown, beginning May 1, 2017, on illicit liquor, narcotics and weapons, crimes against women, drunken driving and over-speeding. All possible entry points would be plugged to stop the gangsters from sneaking into Haryana from UP, and focus would be laid on redress of complaints of people during the campaign. Disclosing this at a press conference here today, the Director General of Police (DGP), Mr. B.S. Sandhu, said he had interacted with senior police officers in all districts of the state through video- conferencing and apprised them of his vision and objectives and issued directions on how to achieve them. Efforts would be made to develop friendly relations with people and the press.
Referring to the supply of drugs in the state, he said an eye would be kept on the educational institutions and the suppliers and distributors would be nabbed. Replying to a question regarding Operation Durga aimed at checking eve-teasing in the state, the DGP said the operation would be carried out at such places as schools, colleges, bus stands and railway stations. It would be a continuous movement. But he clarified that the anti-Romeo operation would not be an act of moral policing and the innocents would not be humiliated in the name of the operation. Directions have been issued to keep a check on the entry of gangsters in Haryana from Uttar Pradesh. The water level in Yamuna river goes down in April, May and June and gangsters could use this to sneak into the state Directions have been issued to keep a check on pucca roads as well as on other routes used by the gangsters to enter the state. Answering a question regarding the proposed agitation by INLD leader, Abhay Singh Chautala, from July 10, Sandhu said in a democracy, every political party had the right to present its viewpoint, but if it took the law iinto its own hands, action would be initiated.He disclosed that order had been placed with HARTRON for providing online e-challenging machines to effectively implement the e-challan system in all districts of the state. Presently, more than 100 e-challenging machines are available in the state.Asked about women police stations, Sandhu said working of women police stations would be reviewed and the shortcomings removed. Replying to another question, he said there was a shortage of 14,000 police personnel, but recruitment process of 5,000 constables including 1,000 women and 1,000 ex-servicemen was under process.
Referring to cyber crime, he said, "It is a sensitive matter and a cyber cell is operational to deal with such cases. Soon a Cyber Police Station would be set up at Moginand in Panchkula district which would deal with cyber-related cases." The budgetary allocation has already been made for this police station and staff with a particular set of qualifications would be recruited through outsourcing. Police rules would be reviewed for further improving the efficiency of the Department.
Sandhu said action would be initiated against such police officers and officials in police lines as were using electricity connections in an unauthorized manner and their house allotment would be canceled. "Initially, such officers and officials would be warned, but if they persisted with it, their allotment would be canceled", he added.
Replying to a question regarding zero tolerance policy, he said the registration of cases of crimes against women had increased.Violation of 'Gau Sanrakshan Avam Gau Samwardhan' law would not be allowed and if anyone took the law in his hands, action would be initiated against him. There has been a reduction in the number of cases of cow smuggling after the law came into force. He was answering a question regarding cow smuggling.Asked about illegal mining in the state, Sandhu said departments like Transport, Police, Mining and district administrations would work together to ensure implementation of the Act to stop this menace. Effective checking is being done and instructions have been issued for night checking. The complete check has been put on illegal mining, he added.
Haryana's step towards realizing 'Clean India Mission'
Haryana power engineers not to check power theft during night
Armed criminals attack Haryana Police team, free murder accused
Mobile, dongle internet suspended in Sirsa district
Haryana's interest on SYL canal issue would be protected: Gadkari
Punjab & Haryana High Court condoles the demise of Justice R.S.Mongia
Haryana transfers 20,188 Principals, TGT, Classical and Vernacular teachers under Online policy
Haryana Govt notifies Consumer Protection(Amendment) rules, 2017
Haryana govt changes name of village to Pandu Pindara
Khilanwala dam to be built in Yamunanagar dist of Haryana
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text: Newsfeed Microscopic 'Glove' Could Lead to Breakthrough in Cancer Treatments Let's Win PC 4 December, 2016 Stanford researchers say a receptor they created prevented a cancer-causing molecule from bonding in mice with pancreatic and ovarian cancer. A new treatment that works on the molecular level in a fashion similar to a baseball glove could be the next breakthrough in the fight against two deadly cancers. Read More . . . Print Page Conversation Related Stories Newsfeed New procedure could improve success rate of cell transplant to cure Type 1 diabetesLet's Win PC Newsfeed Early indicators of pancreatic cancer discoveredLet's Win PC Newsfeed New proteins discovered that link obesity-driven diabetes to cancerLet's Win PC


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"Collis lays strong foundations for children to build on in future years"
- Kevin Hogston
The children transfer from primary to secondary school at the end of Year 6 (Secondary Transfer).
Local secondary schools hold open evenings during the autumn term of each school year to help parents make informed choices.
The Road Ahead
Places are allocated in accordance with the Borough's Secondary Schools Admission Policy.
Please note: priority is no longer given to those children attending local primary schools (formerly known as Linked School Status)
Briefly, places are now allocated as follows:
The full Secondary School Admissions Policy can be found on the Borough's website.
Link to the appeals process for Richmond Borough Schools:
All website content copyright © Collis Primary School
Website design by PrimarySite


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Entertain this Fall with Fascinating Invitations NEW! 2017 Holiday Collection Customize any Address Stamp to match your style!
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Islamic Azad University athletic teams
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Find information about Islamic Azad University athletic teams, and registering for discussion sections and departmental seminars. Not all recruiting is done like NCAA Division I teams. College coaches are constantly looking for the best players to fill next year's open positions, and rely on many different methods to finding the right recruits. If you haven't been noticed, cold-calling coaching staff can get you an initial interview. Finally, check with your major department for assistance with prerequisites, tuition payment deadlines, and Islamic Azad University Athletic information. Please use the form above to request admissions info for Islamic Azad University.
As a student athlete, you can play college sports competitively at an intercollegiate level, or just for fun via intramurals. Please keep in mind that few students will qualify for athletic scholarships, and that college coaches sward available sports scholarship money judiciously.
Approximately 126,000 student athletes go to college on either a partial or full athletic scholarship, but the vast majority of college athletic teams have open tryouts, and walk-ons may land a position on the team if they are talented enough. If you've been recruited or made it past a walk-on tryout, that's when the real challenge starts. You still have to make it through daily practices, and several rounds of cuts in order to make the team. Burbank Unified School District football prospect camp may encourage student-athletes to apply via early decision. Students who are considering applying via early decision should be aware of the rules and obligations that this commitment entails. Beyond consideration for Islamic Azad University athletic teams, you may think about Wilson Community College grade calculator for complementary electives to your primary course of study.
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An interesting motion before the Anglican Diocese of Sydney synod. It potentially results in shorter services. I'll be taking a stopwatch to future services!
"Anglican Church of Australia Diocese of Sydney3rd Session of the 50th Synod Business Paper: Monday 10 October 2016, Restricting the length of sermons; Synod notes that –
(a) research suggests that while listening to sermons most adults can focus for only 15-20
minutes before starting to lose attention, and
(b) while we may remember about 70% of what was presented in the first ten minutes of a
twenty-minute sermon, we are unlikely to retain more than about 20% of what was
presented in the last ten minutes.
Therefore to promote more effective teaching of God's word, Synod urges ministers and other
preachers to restrict the length of their sermons to twenty minutes or less.
(Dr David Oakenfull)"
We are all sheeplishly too distracted!


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5 Years : From Sep 2012 to Sep 2017
Fortescue Metals Group Ltd. (FMG.AU) is expected to give the go-ahead for its 80 million ton a year Solomon iron ore project Friday ahead of the company's annual general meeting in Perth.
Fortescue is expected to vote on a feasibility study for the Solomon project at a board meeting in Perth Friday morning before the company's shareholder meeting at 0600 GMT.
The Solomon project, in Western Australia's iron-rich Pilbara region, should more than double the production of Australia's third-largest iron ore miner from its current 40 million tons a year to 120 million tons a year when the main stages of the project are complete.
However, capital spending in the region of US$5.4 billion will lead to further cost pressures on the Western Australian resources sector, where investments in iron ore and offshore petroleum are booming.
Committed resource sector capital projects at the end of October totalled A$93.05 billion of planned spending in Western Australia, around 70% of the total Australia-wide, the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics said Thursday.
BHP Billiton Ltd. (BHP) on Wednesday also announced an extra US$635 million of spending on its growth projects in the Pilbara, which accounts for around a third of global seaborne iron ore exports.
Fortescue has previously said that ore production from the 30 million ton a year north and south Firetail mines at the Solomon project will start from June 2012, with the project reaching a full 60 million ton a year capacity in 2014.
However, in an environmental review lodged last week the miner left the door open to raising capacity to 80 million tons a year and said the project would hit full capacity in the third quarter of 2013.
Construction of the first stage of the 2.86 billion ton project will involve building a 127 kilometer railway to link up with Fortescue's existing railway northwest of Newman.
Fortescue grew rapidly to become the third-largest Australian iron ore miner by taking on large volumes of debt to build its own railway line to compete with the proprietary lines owned by BHP and Rio Tinto PLC (RIO).
The company's net debt peaked at US$6.11 billion at the end of June 2008, at a time when the company's annual earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation amounted to just US$45.9 million.
However, conditions attached to its bonds limited its ability to grow beyond its existing Cloud Break and Christmas Creek mines, leading to a refinancing of US$2.04 billion of bonds to less circumscribed notes last month.
The company's US$100 million 2006 loan note agreement with Leucadia National Corp. (LUK) also commits it to pay 4% of revenues from the Cloud Break and Christmas Creek mines as interest, net of government royalties, leading to US$172 million of payments to Leucadia in July this year.
The miner is expected to tour investors in Europe and the U.S. before the end of the year to raise interest and inspect equipment for the project.
Under the terms of the revised debt agreement in October, Fortescue is able to raise an additional US$4 billion of secured debt and further unsecured debt equivalent to around 2.5 times its annual operating profit, suggesting an overall debt ceiling of US$7.3 billion to the end of December.
-By David Fickling, Dow Jones Newswires; +61 2 8272 4689; email@example.com


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Rated : 4.33 based on 12 votes.
All levels unlocked.
See if you can save all the Steampunk heroes by getting them safely down onto the solid earth platform by removing the wooden blocks and making sure he doesnt fall out of the screen.
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