text:
Swedish Occasional or Tea Table Detailed Rim SC013
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Traditional Swedish Gustavian occasional or tea table.
Unusual design on rim.
Reproduced design from a pine antique found in Sweden but size changed.
Made in Maple.
Hand crafted.
Finish: Textured dark blue. Other finishes available: Aqua, Grey, Silvermist Blue and Beige.
36" Long, 21" Deep, 29" High
Product Specifications
- Dimensions
36" Long, 29" High, 21" Deep
- Category
- Tables, Side & End Tables, Furniture
- Material
- Wood
- Style
- Traditional
Seller Locations
- Showrooms
- Ships From
- High Point, NC
About Swede Collection
Swede Collection is a hand-crafted furniture maker creating Gustavian Swedish and French inspired pieces from antique originals in American hardwoods. All pieces are made to last 200 years just like the originals from 1770.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Jul 16, 1968
|Filing date
|May 17, 1965
|Priority date
|May 17, 1965
|Publication number
|John H Keating
|Original Assignee
|Standard Internat Corp
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (13), Referenced by (17), Classifications (22)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
J. H. KEATING 3,393,086 COOKING UTENSIL AND METHOD OF COATING THE SAME July 16, 1968 THYLENE LAYER WITH A POLYTETRAFLUOROE 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG. 2 m
(PRIOR ART) m 02 go 02 go 0) F0 0 o o 0 INVENTOR. JOHN H. KEATING 7:15am 5 M,
ATTORNEYS July 16, 1968 J. H. KEATING 3,393,086
COOKING UTENSIL AND METHOD OF COATING THE SAME WITH A POLYTETRAFLUOROEITHYLENE LAYER Filed May 17, 1965 2 Sheets-Sheet 23 FIG. 5
TEF ON I Li Li "D A \I w kw w 1 ,o 'i l K, 14 b v IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII i I 0 50 I 4 FIG.7
LL/l /////l l/l/l/ll/lI/I FIG. 8
45 I02 (PRIOR ART) 3o INVENTOR. JOHN H. KEATING BY 7M8 M,
ATTORNEYS United States Patent COOKING UTENSIL AND METHOD OF COATING THE SAME WITH A POLYTETRAFLUOROETH- YLENE LAYER John H. Keating, Cleveland, Ohio, assignor, by mesne assignments,"to Standard International Corporation, Audover, Mass, a corporation of Ohio Filed May 17, 1965, Ser. No. 456,336 r 4 Claims. (Cl. 117-70) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE There is provided a method of coating an aluminum cooking utensil with a non-stick material such as polytetrafluoroethylene. By this method, a ceramic matte finish is provided by firing a heavy metal frit onto the surface to be coated. This firing is accomplished by alternately heating the surface between a higher temperature of -approxi mately 1200 F. and a lower temperature below the melting temperature of the aluminum. The periods at the higher temperature have a length sufficiently short to prevent melting of the aluminum. A polytetrafluoroethylene coatirig is then applied to the ceramic matte finish.
' DISCLOSURE This invention pertains to the art of manufacturing cooking utensils and similar products, and more particularly to a cooking utensil and method of coating the same with a polytetrafluoroethylene layer.
It has become common practice to provide the actual cooking surface of a utensil, such as a skillet or baking pan, with a coating or layer of polytetrafluoroethylene, marketed by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. under the trademark of Teflon. Since polytetrafluoroethylene is known in the tradeby the namev Teflon, this trade name will be used hereinafter; however, it should be appreciated that Teflon or polytetrafluoroethylene" is used herein as a generic term to indicate the fluorocarbon resin polytetrafluoroethylene or an equivalent substance, be it a fluorocarbon resin or not. V
The Teflon layer on the cooking surface of a utensil allows food to be cooked in the utensil without sticking or adhering to the cooking surface, even though a shortening is not used. Because of the non-sticking characteristics of the Teflon, a utensil provided with a Teflon layer can be easily cleaned between uses with a minimum of effort. For these reasons,'cooking utensils with Teflon coated cooking surfaces have becomevery successful and widely used. 7
Although acclaimed as a substantial improvement in the art of cooking utensiles, the use of Teflon on the cooking surface has not been free from certain disadvantages. For instance, because of the inherent non-sticking characteristics of Teflon, the physical bond between the Teflon and the cooking surface has, in the past, been relatively weak. Not only did the Teflon fail to adhere to substances being cooked, but the Teflon also did not form a tenacious bond with the metal forming the cooking surface of the utensil. Consequently sharp instruments used in removing food substances from the utensil and abrasives used in washing or cleaning the utensils caused rapid removal or destruction of the Teflon coating. For this reason, unless extreme care was exercised by the housewife, the Teflon coating on the cooking utensil had a relatively short useful life.
It was also'found that when asmall portion of the Teflon coating or layer was separated from the cooking surface of the utensil, the'separation of the Teflon would usually progress over a wider area because of the weak bond of the Teflon on the cooking surface.
When the Teflon was scraped,'or otherwise removed 3,393,086 Patented July 16, 1968 ice from the cooking surface, the benefits of the Teflon surface were lost, and the utensil was then discarded or used in a manner similar to utensils without a Teflon cooking surface.
These and other disadvantages of prior Teflon coated cooking utensils are completely overcome by the present invention which is directed toward an improved method of coating Teflon to the cooking surface of a utensil, or a similar metal object, wherein the bond between the cooking surface and the Teflon is stronger than heretofore possible.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided an improvement in a cooking utensil comprising a metal receptacle with an inner dish-like surface defining a food receiving cavity and a layer of Teflon covering the inner surface. This improvement comprises a bonding layer intermediate the cooking surface and the Teflon layer. This bonding layer comprises fired ceramic material which is chemically bonded to the cooking surf-ace and mechanically adhered to the Teflon layer.
As will be hereinafter described in detail, this fired ceramic intermediate layer provides a tenacious bond between the Teflon and the cooking surface and prevents easy removal or separation of the Teflon coating. In this manner, the life of the utensil is substantially increased over the life of a similar utensil without the intermediate layer of fired ceramic material.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of adhering a Teflon layer onto a metal surface. This method comprises the steps of applying a mixture of frit and a carrier onto the surface, firing the frit mixture to produce a ceramic layer having an exposed matte finish, applying Teflon onto the matte finish, and, then, curing the Teflon. The term matte finish refers to a surface texture which is roughened. It is well known that frit may be fired to produce this type of surface instead of the glazed surface of poreclain. For instance, ceramic chalkboards have such a matte surface.
It is appreciated that the term frit as used herein refers to the commercial particulated raw material utilized in forming ceramic by a subsequent firing process. In accordance with a more limited aspect of the present invention, the commercial frit which is fired to produce the matte finish preparatory to coating Teflon on the cooking surface of a utensil is one of the heavy metal frits, such as lead frit, cadmium frit, zinc frit, or antimony frit. These heavy metal frits have a melting point in the general range of 9501,000 P. which adapts them for use on aluminum cooking utensils Where the melting temperature of the utensil is substantially in this same temperature range.
In accordance with still a further aspect of the present invention, the frit utilized to produce the inter-mediate bonding layer includes finely divided particles of aluminum oxide. These particles do not melt while the frit is being fired, and they produce a jagged matte surface to which Teflon may be cured in a manner to provide a strong physical and chemical bond between the ceramic intermediate layer and the Teflon.
The primary object of the present invention is the provision of a method of coating Teflon onto a metal surface, which method produces a stronger bond than heretofore possible between the Teflon and the metal surface.
Another object of the present invention is the provision of a method of coating Teflon onto a metal surface, which method includes applying a ceramic layer between the metal surface and the Teflon coating.
Still another object of the present invention is the provision of a method of coating Teflon onto a metal surface, which method includes applying a ceramic layer, having aluminum oxide particles embedded therein, between the metal surface and the Teflon coating.
Yet another object of the present invention is the provision of a cooking utensil having a Teflon coating on the cooking surface thereof wherein the coating is bonded to the surface by an intermediate ceramic layer.
Still another object of the present invention is the provision of a cooking utensil having a Teflon coating on the cooking surface thereof wherein the coating is bonded to the surface by an intermediate ceramic layer having embedded particles of aluminum oxide.
These and other objects and advantages will become apparent from the following description used to illustrate the preferred embodiment of the present invention as read in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIGURE 1 is a cross-sectional, schematic view illustrating the preferred embodiment of the present invention used on a cast cooking utensil;
FIGURE 2 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view taken generally in the area of the circle shown in FIGURE 1;
FIGURE 3 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view similar to FIGURE 2 and representing the prior art to which the present invention is an improvement;
FIGURE 4 is a side elevational view illustrating, somewhat schematically, initial processes contemplated by the present invention;
FIGURE 5 is the side elevational view showing, somewhat schematically, further processes as contemplated by the present invention;
FIGURE 6 is a side elevational view showing, somewhat schematically, a modification of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 7 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view illustrating the use of the present invention in producing a drawn or formed cooking utensil, as opposed to a cast cooking utensil shown in FIGURES 1-6;
FIGURE 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of FIGURE 7 after the cooking utensil has been shaped;
FIGURE 9 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view taken generally in the area of the circle in FIGURE 8; and,
FIGURE 10 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view similar to FIGURE 9 and showing the prior art to which the present invention is an improvement.
Referring now to the drawings wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating preferred embodiments of the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting same, FIGURE 1 shows a cooking utensil A, which is illustrated as a skillet. It is appreciated that the utensil or skillet A is shown for illustrative purposes only and vari ous modifications could be made to the form of the utensil without departing from the intended spirit and scope of the present invention.
In accordance with the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIGURE 1, the utensil A includes an aluminum cast body 10 having an outer surface 12, an inner cooking surface 14 and a Teflon coating or layer 16 overlying the cooking surface. The present invention relates to an improved method of applying the Teflon layer 16 onto the cooking surface 14; however, to fully appreciate the present invention, the prior art method of applying the Teflon layer 16 is hereinafter described in detail.
FIGURE 3 shows a cross-section of a cooking vessel of the prior art to which the present invention is directed. In the past, the cooking surface 14 of the cast body 10 was sand blasted or shot blasted to produce an undulating surface with a multitude of small protrusions 20 and recesses 22. The grit, or other abrasives, used during blasting was pulverized when they were repeatedly impinged against the surface 14. Consequently, small particles 24 of the blasting residue were pounded and embedded into the cooking surface 14. These particles 24 imparted a powdered texture to the surface 14; therefore, adherence of the Teflon 16 to the surface 14 was somewhat inhibited. The sand or shot blasting operation was heretofore believed necessary because the cast surface 14 did not have a suflicient surface area or a roughened texture to provide a satisfactory bond between the Teflon and the cooking surface. After the surface 14 was roughened by blasting, a primer layer 30 of Teflon was applied onto the surface 14. Thereafter, a non-toxic outer layer 32 of Teflon was applied over the primer layer to produce a satisfactory Teflon surface for direct contact with the foodstuffs being prepared within the utensil A. The layers 30, 32 were cured to produce the layer 16 shown in FIGURE 1.
The prior art, as illustrated by FIGURE 3, produced a somewhat weak physical bond between the cooking surface 14 and the primer layer 30. In addition, the surface 14 was relatively soft so that an implement forced through the Teflon layer 16 could cut into the surface 14 to cause easy separation of the Teflon from the cast body 10. All of these disadvantages have been overcome by the present invention.
Referring now to FIGURE 2, the present invention is illustrated in detail. In accordance with this embodiment of the invention, the cast cooking surface 14 is not roughened by mechanical means, such as sand blasting. To the contrary, the surface is only cleansed to remove loose particles. A ceramic layer 40 is formed on the cleaned surface 14. To accomplish this, masticated heavy metal frit, such as lead frit, zinc frit, cadmium frit or antimony frit is sprayed onto the surface and fired at a temperature which does not allow the frit to flow out. Flow out is the common term used in the ceramic art to indicate that the frit is heated to a temperature that will allow complete melting of the frit to produce a glassy outer surface. The flow out temperature is determined by various factors, i.e., the grain size of the frit, the type of frit and the heating time. It is well within the skill of a person in the ceramic art to determine a proper combination of these factors to prevent flow out and to provide a matte surface, as opposed to a glazed surface. In accordance with the invention, the frit is fired to a temperature and for a time which does not result in complete flow out of the frit. This aspect of the invention will be described in more detail in connection with specific examples of the present invention. The intermediate surface 40 has a thickness of only a mil or so. The firing of the frit produces a zone 42 of chemical bond between the cooking surface 1-4 and the ceramic layer 40. This chemical bond zone 42 is shown as a shaded area in FIGURE 2.
By firing the heavy metal frit to a temperature and for a time which does not allow flow out, it has been found that the upper surface 44 of the ceramic layer 40 has a jagged texture with a multitude of upstanding peaks 46 and intermediate valleys 48. This jagged texture provides a greater surface area and a stronger interlocking bond between the ceramic layer 40 and the primer Teflon layer 30. After the primer Teflon layer 30 is applied to the ceramic layer 40, in a manner to be described hereinafter in more detail, a non-toxic layer 32 of Teflon is applied thereto. This forms the Teflon layer 16 which comes into direct contact with the foodstuff being cooked within the utensil.
In accordance with a modification of the invention, it has been found that the addition of aluminum oxide particles to the heavy metal frit forming ceramic layer 40 provides more jagged and higher standing peaks 46. Alu minum oxide has a melting point substantially higher than the melting or firing temperature of the frit; therefore, the aluminum oxide particles are embedded in the fired frit and produce the upstanding peaks.
When aluminum oxide particles are used in the frit, the grain size of the frit being used, as described in connection with the specific examples of the present invention, may be reduced to such a degree that flow out of the ceramic may take place to a certain extent. This flow out does not inhibit the peaks 46 which are formed primarily by the aluminum oxide. For this reason, when aluminum oxide particles are dispersed within the frit, the frit may have a smaller grain siZe.
Although a variety of'apparatus could be utilized for practicing the present invention, FIGURES 4-5 illustrate, schematically, an apparatus which has proven satisfactory. A conveyor 50-provided with aplurality of longitudinally spaced nests 52 receives skillets A and conveys these skillets longitudinally;
Referring now to FIGURE 4, the heavy metal frit, or a heavy metal frit with aluminum oxide particles, after being mixed :within a liquid carrier, is sprayed through a nozzle. 54 onto the cooking surface 14 of each of the skillets. Thereafter, conveyor '50 moves the skillets through a. furnace 60 provided with a series of spaced infra-red burners 62. These burners produce a high temperature or heating Zone x immediately therebelow. In accordance with the present invention, the heavy metal frits have a firing temperature in the range of 950-1,000 F. Accordingly burners 62 are adjusted to produce a temperature of approximately 1200 F. in the heating zone x. The ambient temperature of the furnace 60' is approximately1800 -F.; therefore, the cooling zone y between adjacent heating zones x is approximately 800 F.
As the skillets A progress through the furnace 60 they are alternately heated by the infra-red burners to a temperature approaching 1200 F. and, immediately thereafter, they are allowed to cool to a temperature approaching 800 F. By alternately. heating and cooling the skillets, the aluminum forming the body of each skillet is not melted while the heavy metal frits are being fired. If a constant temperature of 1200 F. were maintained on the frit for a substantial length of time, the skillets could conceivably melt or sag. This alternate heating and cooling of the skillet has been'found to be adequate to fire the frit while the skillet remains physically intact. For this reason, the use of a fired. frit, which would appear to be inappropriate for a low melting temperature, such as aluminum, can be used on an aluminum utensil by a proper adjustment of the heating time and cooling time of the skillet.
After the layer 40 is fired to produce the jagged peaks 46 and valleys 40, the conveyor 50 moves the skillets A beneath a nozzle 70. See: FIGURE 5. Teflon is sprayed from the nozzle to produce a primer layer 30 having a thickness in the range of .21-.4 mil. Thereafter, the skillets are moved through furnace 7-2 having a plurality of longitudinally spaced infra-red burners 7-4. These burners heat the primer layer of Teflon to a temperature of approximately 450 P. which is substantially below the curing temperature of the Teflon, i.e.', 750800 F. The heat absorbed by the aluminum is released into the Teflon during the periods when the skillet is between burners to assist in setting or curing of the Teflon. After the primer layer of Teflon is applied to the cooking surfaces 14 of the skillets, the skillets A are conveyed through another apparatus similar to that shown in FIGURE 5. At this time, the non-toxic Teflon coating 32 is applied to the primer layer 3050 that the total thickness of the Teflon on the cooking surface is in the range of .8-1.2 mils. The complete Teflon coating is then heated to a temperature in the range of 7'50-800- P. so that the outer non-toxic layer and the primer layer are cured simultaneously.
Although the present invention has been described in connection with an apparatus and method wherein the frit mixed with a carrier is applied to the cooking surface 14 by a spraying operation, such as shown in FIGURE 4, it is within the ..contemplation of the present invention to apply the frit mixture by dipping the skillet into a bath of the frit mixture. To accomplish this, an apparatus is schematically illustrated in FIGURE 6 and includes a tank 80 for holding a frit mixture 82 and a hook 84, or a similar device, for dipping the skillet A into the frit mixture. This will provide a non-fired frit layer on all surfaces of the skillet. Thereafter, the skilled A is fired so'that the cooking surface may be provided with a Teflon layer and the outer surface may-be provided with a colored enamel. This arrangement allows economical preparation of both interior and exterior surfaces of the skillet for subsequent coating.
Referring now to FIGURES 7-9, a further embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. In producing certain cooking utensils, the first operation is the formation of a blank whichincludes a thin aluminum or stainless steel sheet 102 having a layer of Teflon 104. This blank is drawn, or otherwise formed, into a dishshaped utensil, such as a baking pan B, as shown in FIGURE 8. Since the thickness of sheet 102 may be as small as .020 inch, the prior method of sand blasting the cooking surface to prepare the surface for the Teflon coating could not be used because the sheet would be seriously deformed. If the thickness of blank 100 were great enough so that the prior art method could be used for adhering the Teflon layer 104 onto the sheet 102, the drawn portion of pan B prepared by the prior method, if magnified, would appear somewhat as shown in FIG- URE 10. The protrusions 20 and recesses 22 are flattened out during the drawing operation. Consequently, the relatively weak mechanical bond between the Teflon layer 104 and the sheet 102 would be further decreased. For this reason, when the cooking utensil is to be drawn, or otherwise formed, the prior method is even less satisfactory than when a cast body is to be used.
Referring now to FIGURE 9, by providing an intermediate ceramic layer 40 between surface 196 of the sheet 102 and the Teflon layer 104, drawing or forming of the blank 100 does not seriously damage, or affect, the mechanical and/or chemical bond between the peaks 46 and valleys 48 and the primer Teflon layer 30. It is noted that the peaks are canted during the drawing operation; however, they are not drawn out into a flattened configuration as is the case of the protrusions and recesses produced by the prior art method as shown in FIGURE 10. Consequently, by utilizing the present invention, a tight bond is maintained between the Teflon layer 104 and the metal sheet 102 after the drawing or forming operation.
To better appreciate the present invention, certain examples of the method utilized are hereinafter set forth.
EXAMPLE I Skillet A is formed from cast aluminum with the surface being textured by the mold surface in accordance with known and somewhat conventional procedures. A commercial heavy metal frit is used. These frits are known to be glass compositions including such metals as lead, zinc, cadmium or antimony and having melting points of approximately 950l000 F. Accordingly, they are adapted for firing onto an aluminum base. The commercial grades of heavy metal frit generally include aggregations of various grain sizes; therefore, to obtain uniform results, the frit is first ball milled, or otherwise masticated, to a grain size where most, or a preponderance, of the frit passes through a 3004,25 mesh screen. Aluminum oxide having a small grain size which may be somewhat larger than the grain size of the frit is mixed with the ground heavy metal frit in various proportions, which are not critical and can be easily determined by a person with ordinary skill in the art of using frits. This heavy metal frit with the aluminum oxide additive is mixed with water to form an aqueous solution, generally known as Slip.
The slip is sprayed onto the textured inner surface of the cast skillet and the skillet is conveyed through a long firing furnace having a succession of infra-red burners which are spaced along the path of the moving skillet to present a series of heated and somewhat relatively unheated zones. The ambient temperature or unheated zones of the firing furnace are at a temperature of approximately 800 R, which is below the melting temperature of the frit and the aluminum of the skillet, and the heated zones directly under the burners have a temperature of approximately 1200 E, which is above the melting temperature of the frit and, also, above the melting temperature of the aluminum. Melting of the aluminum is prevented by subjecting the skillet to the higher temperatures of the heated zones for a time which is insuflicient for melting or softening of the aluminum. The intermediate lower temperature or unheated zones prevents melting of the skillet itself. The conveying speed and the number of heating zones in the furnace are variable, and they are determined by the speed of the skillet and the number of skillets to be processed per unit time, i.e., the mass/time passing through the furnace.
When the skillet comes from the furnace, the inner surface has a matte finish which has been previously explained and which is superior for the attachment of Teflon thereto. It has been found that there is an actual chemical bond between the fired frit and the aluminum cooking surface of the skillet. The aluminum oxide, which has a melting temperature higher than the firing temperature of the frit, remains intact and provides a jagged exposed surface which enhances the Teflon coherence.
Thereafter, a standard No. 850 Teflon, marketed by Du Pont, is mixed with an appropriate accelerator, and the mixture is sprayed onto the inner surface of the skillet to cover the fired frit. The Teflon mixture flows between the jagged portions of the aluminum oxide. Thereafter, the Teflon is set by being heated to a temperature of approximately 450 F. Since the curing temperature of the Teflon is approximately 750-800 F., this initial heating or setting operation is not sufficient to cure completely the first coat of Teflon. The thickness of this coat, which may be termed a primer coat, is in the range of .2.4 mil.
Since the skillet is to be used in the preparation of foodstuffs, an outer non-toxic layer of Teflon must be applied. This layer has a thickness of approximately .6-.8 mil and comprises No. 855 Du Pont Teflon. Complete curing of the outer Teflon layer and the primer coat is accomplished by heating the two layers to a temperature of approximately 750800 F.
It has been found that the intermediate ceramic layer forms a hard layer which is chemically bonded to the skillet and tightly bonded to the Teflon. Scraping of the Teflon from the ceramic is considerably less possible than in the prior art where the Teflon was bonded directly onto the skillet or utensil cooking surface.
EXAMPLE II The commercial heavy metal frit is ball milled or otherwise masticated to a grain size which will substantially inhibit flow out of the frit particles during firing. These grains must be, generally, larger than the size which will pass through a 300 mesh screen. 'In practice the particles of frit have a grain size which will allow passage of a preponderance of the grains through a 150 200 mesh screen. In this example, no aluminum oxide is added; however, the frit is fired in a similar manner. The primer coat of Teflon No. 850, marketed by Du Pont, and the outer layer of Teflon No. 855, also marketed by Du Pont, are applied and cured in accordance with the procedure outlined in Example I.
It has been found that the intermediate ceramic layer forms a hard layer which is chemically bonded to the skillet and tightly bonded to the Teflon. Again, although less so than in the product manufactured in accordance, with Example I, scraping of the Teflon from the ceramic is less possible than in the prior art where the Teflon was bonded directly onto the skillet or utensil cooking surface.
EXAMPLE III The procedure as outlined in Example I is also appropriate for thin aluminum blanks before they are drawn into shallow utensils, such as a baking pan. In this example, one surface of the blank is polished by an abrasive wheel or belt, the ceramic layer is applied and, then, the two Teflon layers are applied.
During a subsequent drawing operation, the bond between the separate layers was found to be unaffected. The Teflon remained in place on the polished surface and scraping of the Teflon from the surface was difficult without a very sharp instrument with a substantial force.
It has been found that the cost of practicing my invention is not greater than the cost of the prior method which included the added step of sand or shot blasting the cooking surface to prepare the surface for the Teflon. Another advantage of my invention was realized when a handle receiving bolt was stud welded onto the skillet A after the Teflon was coated on the cooking surface. In the past, this stud welding operation had to be performed before the Teflon coating was applied because the Teflon was melted by the heat of the welding operation. With the intermediate ceramic layer 40 beneath the Teflon, the Teflon is somewhat insulated from outside of the skillet. This insulation is not sufficient to affect cooking; however, it has been demonstrated to be sufficient to prevent conduction to the Teflon during the stud welding operation. Accordingly, the stud welding operation can be performed after the Teflon is applied. This allows more versatility in planning the manufacturing sequence of the skillet.
A Teflon coating applied by the present invention is not easily removed from a metal base. This phenomenon may have various explanations. For instance, the substratum below the Teflon applied "by the prior method was aluminum which is relatively soft; therefore, an implement could dig through the Teflon and into the aluminum which facilitates easy removal of the surface Teflon. With the intermediate layer of ceramic as contemplated by the present invention, the substratum is hard ceramic and an implement can not easily penetrate the substratum and release the Teflon. Thus, the Teflon can not be easily separated from the ceramic or the metal.
The present invention has been described in connection with certain physical embodiments and certain examples; however, it is appreciated that various changes may be made in these embodiments and examples without departing from the intended spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims. For instance, the disclosed method may be used on articles other than cooking utensils, i.e., knives, snow shovels, etc. The prior method of applying a Teflon coating was completely inappropriate for these abusive uses.
Having thus described my invention, I claim:
1. A method of adhering a polytetrafluoroethylene layer onto an aluminum surface, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) applying a mixture of a ground heavy metal frit and a carrier onto said surface;
( b) firing said frit mixture by alternately heating said mixture at a higher temperature of approximately 1200 F. and cooling said mixture to a temperature below the melting temperature of said aluminum to provide a ceramic matte finish on said aluminum surface, the periods of heating at said higher temperature being sufficiently short to prevent melting of said aluminum;
(c) cooling said fired frit;
(d) applying polytetrafluoroethylene onto said fired frit; and,
(e) heating said polytetrafluoroethylene to a temperature in the range of approximately 750-800 F.
2. A cooking utensil produced in accordance with the method defined in claim 1.
3. A method of adhering a polytetrafluoroethylene layer onto an aluminum surface, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) applying a mixture of a powdered heavy metal frit, selected from the class consisting of lead frit,
cadmium frit, zinc frit, antimony frit and a mixture of said frits, and a carrier onto said surface;
(b) forming a ceramic matte finish by firing said mixture at a higher temperature of approximately 1200 F. by alternately subjecting said mixture to said temperature and a substantially lower temperature, said lower temperature being less than the melting temperature of aluminum, the periods of heating at said higher temperature being sufliciently short to prevent melting of said aluminum;
(-c) cooling said fired frit to a temperature below (d) applying polytet-rafluoroethylene onto said fired Eflit; and,
(e) heating said polytetrafluoroethylene to a temperature in the range of approximately 750800 F.
4. A method of adhering a polytetrafluoroethylene layer onto an aluminum surface, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) casting said aluminum surface with a roughened texture;
(=b) applying a mixture of a heavy metal frit selected from the class consisting of lead frit, cadmium frit, zinc 'frit, antimony frit and a mixture of said frits, and a carrier onto said surface;
() forming a ceramic matte finish by firing said mixture at a higher temperature of approximately 1200" F. by subjecting said mixture to said temperature and a substantially lower temperature, said lower temperature being less than the melting temperature of said aluminum, the periods of heating at said higher temperature being sufiiciently short to prevent melting of said aluminum;
(d) cooling said fired frit to a temperature below (e) applying polytetrafluoroethylene onto said fired frit; and,
(f) heating said polytetrafluoroethylene to a temperature of approximately 750-800" F.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,990,294 6/ 1961 Long 117-75 3,324,280 6/ 1967 Cheney et all. 117-75 X 2,146,858 2/1939 Scott 117-23 2,707,703 5/ 1955 Dorst 117-75 X 2,979,418 4/1961 Dipner 117-75 X 3,008,601 11/1961 Cahne 117-132 X 3,143,241 8/1964 Howell. 3,211,325 10/1965 Wisni-cki. 3,311,494 3/1967 Reinert et al. 117-75 FOREIGN PATENTS 622,338 3/1963 Belgium 944,836 12/ 1963 Great Britain. 1,025,505 4/1966 Great Britain. 1,042,012 9/ 1966 Great Britain.
ALFRED L. LEAVITT, Primary Examiner.
I. R. BATTEN, JR., Assistant Examiner.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
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|Western Electric Co
|Method of applying vitreous enamels
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|Sprague Electric Co
|Heat stable, insulated, electrical conductors and process for producing same
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|Gen Electric
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|Cheney Frank E
|Insulated metal sheath heating element for electric water heaters
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|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 14, 1966
|Nov 25, 1969
|Hamlin Stevens Inc
|Metal articles having polytetrafluoroethylene-coated pressing surfaces and methods of their manufacture
|Jan 15, 1970
|Jan 29, 1974
|N Racz
|Laminated cookware
|Jul 7, 1972
|Sep 24, 1974
|Olin Corp
|Organic resin-glass-metal composite
|May 2, 1975
|Sep 28, 1976
|Swiss Aluminium Ltd.
|Cookware prepared from high temperature aluminum base alloys
|Nov 19, 1975
|Jun 21, 1977
|Masahiro Morita
|Quick freezing apparatus
|Sep 29, 1975
|Feb 14, 1978
|Lyle V. Anderson
|Ceramic-paint coatings
|Apr 7, 1977
|Oct 3, 1978
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Fluorocarbon polymer coatings
|Aug 6, 1979
|Oct 28, 1980
|Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
|Fluorine resin coated structure of aluminum or aluminum alloy
|Apr 22, 1976
|Jan 13, 1981
|Armco Inc.
|Method of curing thermosetting plastic powder coatings on elongated metallic members
|Jul 7, 1983
|Nov 26, 1985
|Lever Brothers Company
|Process for producing a reduced fat spread
|Dec 23, 1986
|Sep 5, 1989
|Braun Aktiengesellschaft
|Ironing sole plate with composite coating of mechanically-resistant compound
|Sep 14, 2001
|Oct 28, 2003
|Ferro Corporation
|Ceramic substrate for nonstick coating
|Jan 31, 2012
|Jan 31, 2013
|James Cheng
|Ink Cup Lined With Non-Stick Coating
|Dec 29, 1981
|Aug 19, 1982
|Du Pont
|Nicht-haftender ueberzogener stahlgegenstand
|Aug 24, 1979
|Mar 5, 1980
|Xerox Corporation
|Method of manufacturing xergraphic fuser roll having an abhesive surface
|Aug 24, 1979
|Mar 19, 1980
|Xerox Corporation
|Methods of coating substrates and of manufacturing laminated articles, and laminated articles
|Mar 13, 2000
|Sep 28, 2000
|Ferro Corporation
|Ceramic substrate for nonstick coating
|U.S. Classification
|428/422, 426/523, 427/379, 428/457, 427/374.2, 427/404, 426/389, 426/811, 220/573.2, 427/374.7
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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New Acupuncture Patient
First appointment includes initial consult plus acupuncture treatment. The session will take between 75-90 minutes.
Follow-Up Acupuncture 60 min
Existing Patient: Follow-up Acupuncture Treatment. Only schedule this appointment if you have already been seen for an initial consult and first treatment.
Follow-up Acupuncture 90 min
Existing Patient: Follow-up Acupuncture Treatment. Only schedule this appointment if you have already been seen for an initial consult and first treatment. Full Front & Back Treatment 90 min.
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Recent reviews
S.K. - Sep 23, 2017
I am being treated for cancer and had my first Reiki treatment with Gloria. What a miracle she performed! I was very fatigued beforehand, but I felt completely relaxed during the treatment. And I felt like a new person after the treatment and a nap. In addition, Gloria has a very generous spirit. Cannot recommend her enough!
Chi Nei Tsang
M.D. - Sep 16, 2017
Gloria has been performing chi nei tsang on me for years. I've had chi nei tsang from many other practitions and I think she's outstanding.
Massage and Diagnostic Assessment
Patricia Leebens - Feb 26, 2017
As with previous work with Gloria I found her to be on time, professional, very knowledgeable, and skilled as a masseuse and diagnostician. I had a serious fall over a year ago and have been working with a skilled physical therapist. None the less, Gloria discovered areas of scar tissue and extreme soreness that had not been identified by my physical therapist in almost a year of work. She's a treasure!
Linda thompson - Dec 7, 2016
I had low back pain and Gloria treated me recently - it really helped. She combined it with heat therapy which felt great! Gloria is a professional and her space is quiet and relaxing in a convenient location. I highly recommend her for her knowledge and special attention to a client's specific complaint of pain.
Pain in the neck
Susan Levit - Oct 23, 2016
Gloria was great in trying to find out the cause of my pain. She asks pointed questions. The massage itself was also thorough and she felt the problem areas and concentrated on that. I would definitely recommend going to her.


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Pyongyang, North Korea • North Korea announced Saturday that an American detained for nearly six months is being tried in the Supreme Court on charges of plotting to overthrow the government, a crime that could draw the death penalty if he is convicted.
The case involving Kenneth Bae, who has been in North Korean custody since early November, further complicates already fraught relations between Pyongyang and Washington following weeks of heightened rhetoric and tensions.
The trial mirrors a similar situation in 2009, when the U.S. and North Korea were locked in a standoff over Pyongyang's decision to launch a long-range rocket and conduct an underground nuclear test. At the time, North Korea had custody of two American journalists, whose eventual release after being sentenced to 12 years of hard labor paved the way for diplomacy following months of tensions.


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The "Sprint and Rest" Secret to Getting Anything (Everything) Done
Let's get right to the point. You have access to the most powerful book on the Planet. (I am biased but it doesn't mean I'm not right :) ). So if you have the 21 Day Miracle book (and you should) then by now, you should have launched your own 21 Day Miracle, changed yourself, and changed the world. Now…if you're anything like the rest of the (wise and powerful) warriors who learn from me, your pattern from here on out should be: -->... Read More
"Ultimate Breakthrough" Event in San Diego (Nov 9-11, 2017)
Discover How to "Get Unstuck," Dial in Your Marketing And Finally Create the Kind of Freedom and Income You've Been Waiting For All Your Life Hey there- My name is Ed Rush and you are here because I (or someone I know) invited you here. This page is not being widely promoted. There's a reason for that...which I will explain in a minute. But first - a few questions. Being perfectly honest with yourself… Are you feel... Read More
On Race and The Future of America
Standing in front of an integrated congregation, a young black woman courageously addressed our gathering on the recent race issues in America. Below are the powerful words, given by her, to our church. This is her speech, her heart, her message, word-for-word. She did such an excellent job that I am posting her thoughts here. Not only are her words brave, but they are also well thought out and inspiring. There are many ways in which her w... Read More
How to Think on Your Feet When You're in Front of the Boss
"I know you've heard it a thousand times before. But it's true — hard work pays off. If you want to be good, you have to practice, practice, practice. If you don't love something, then don't do it." -- Ray Bradbury Back in my Marine Corps days, I got an e-mail that read like this: "You have an appointment Tuesday morning to meet with General Jones" (name changed to protect the guilty, er, I mean the innocent). That was the entire tex... Read More
16 Rules To Change the World
Here is something I wrote as a set of rules for myself. I thought it might be useful, if for nothing else, just to show you a new way of thinking. My recommendation is to print out a copy and post it somewhere prominent. You can find a PDF version on my website at www.EdRush.com/Bonus. Most people aren't keen on rules. That's because most rules tell us what we can't do. But what if I showed you a list of rules that gave you more freedom,... Read More
When Hiring Employees: Here's How to Not Hire Yourself
I suck at hiring. Seriously, there are two areas that I am totally unqualified to give any advice on: relationships and hiring. I've started and sold several companies. I've worked with over 320 One-On-One consulting clients - and I've made millions of dollars and made billions of mistakes. (I counted.) But I've never been good at hiring or building teams. DESPITE THAT, I'm going to break protocol, burst tradition, and violate gene... Read More
Into the Darkness and Back Again: The Business Lessons I Learned From Landing on an Aircraft Carrier at Night
"The whole world steps aside for the man who knows where he is going." - Anonymous They call it "comfort time." I am not sure who came up with that definition, but in my humble opinion, it was anything but comfortable. You see, there is a time in every Marine fighter pilot's life when he has to land on an aircraft carrier for the first time at night. Notice that I said "has to." The first night landing is anything but a ... Read More
The Business Lesson I Learned Fighting (and Beating) a MiG-29
"Remember, people will judge you by your actions, not your intentions. You may have a heart of gold — but so does a hard-boiled egg." - Anonymous The hands-down, number one dream of a lifetime for any F-18 fighter pilot is to fight against Russian-made MiG aircraft. And the only thing better than fighting one is to fight one and win. I have done both. But first, lest you think I am divulging some deeply hidden government secret about an ... Read More
How I Wrote a 288 Page Book in 7 Days…and How You Can Too. (Even if You Failed Mrs. Potter's 3rd Grade English Class)
For most authors, the process of writing a book can be a major drag. It sounds all fun . . . sitting there . . . sharing your wisdom . . . sipping coffee . . . and listening to the birds sing. But in reality, writing can be an arduous, difficult and painful struggle. Honestly, think back to Day #1—or even Hour #1—of any writing project you have ever attempted. It was hard at the beginning, wasn't it? This initial pain has shut down more bo... Read More
The Best $4 Purchase I've Ever Made
Hey there. This is a quick video (3 minutes) where you'll learn my #1 app for increasing productivity and hacking sleep. Just take a look. You'll love it! Here is the link to my "Go To" NR headphones. They aren't cheap, but if you ever fly, you'll be glad you got these. Bose Quiet Comfort 25 Headphones Get THE Book That Shows You How to Get More Done. Click Below to Grab a FREE Copy... ... Read More


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8:30 pm The evening kicks off on a surreal note with a headset-clad, not-so-wily Peter Coyote doing the announcing maitre d'-style.
8:50 pm The cutesy banter begins courtesy of Charlie's Angels-to-be Lucy Liu, Cameron Diaz, and Drew Barrymore.
9:21 pm Thou shalt not escape the interminable montage of historical-movie clips.
9:32 pm After a gaffe-prone, laughs-light Toy Story 2 segment, a still-miked Michael Clarke Duncan turns to Billy Crystal and says, "What was that about?" We couldn't have said it better ourselves.
9:54 pm A wobbly, dressed-down Cher still manages to shock with a sacrilegiously placed crucifix.
10:22 pm Jane Fonda flaunts vocalization techniques with repeated pronunciations of Andrzej Wajda as AHN-jay VYE-dah.
10:31 pm The award for Technical Achievement in Hubba-Hubba-ness goes to…Salma Hayek.
10:42 pm Diane Keaton gets attacked by a huge red rose.
10:53 pm In mid-performance Isaac Hayes gets lost in a fog of dry ice.
11:15 pm We see dead people: the annual reel honoring stars no longer with us.
11:59 pm Ultraconservative Mel Gibson is slotted between the author of a pro-abortion movie and the openly gay writer of the pedophilic Best Picture.
12:02 am A puppy-dog-faced Fiona Apple comforts boyfriend/Magnolia scribe Paul Thomas Anderson after he loses the Best Original Screenplay Oscar.
12:08 am Roberto Benigni causes near heart attacks by opening up envelope before announcing nominees.
12:38 pm After four hours and eight minutes, Billy Crystal signs off.
Oscar night play-by-play
A timeline of notable events at this year's show
8:30 pm The evening kicks off on a surreal note with a headset-clad, not-so-wily Peter Coyote doing the announcing maitre d'-style.


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The Blackwell Companion To Jewish Culture From the Eighteenth Century to the Present
Abramson, Glenda (Edited)
Librería en AbeBooks desde: 12 de febrero de 1997Cantidad: 1
Imagen del editor
Librería en AbeBooks desde: 12 de febrero de 1997Cantidad: 1
Detalles bibliográficos
Título: The Blackwell Companion To Jewish Culture ...
Editorial: Blackwell Reference, Oxford, UK
Año de publicación: 1989
Encuadernación: Hardcover
Condición del libro:Very Good
Condición de la sobrecubierta: As New
Edición: First Edition.
Tipo de libro: Book
Acerca de
The Companion is a seminal work of cultural reference incorporating, in two types of entry, cultural biographies and thematic surveys. It attempts to present a comprehensive account of the Jewish contribution to every cultural field, in many of the world's languages and countries. It covers the 200 years or so which have followed the Jewish Emancipation of the 18th century, and attempts to explain the remarkable achievements of a people who throughout history have constituted an oppressed minority in many parts of the world. The biographical articles cover figures prominent in the arts, literature, language, philosophy and some social sciences. Most concern Jews prominent in their fields, who made theri contribution within the knowledge of their own Jewishness, or at least with some Jewish awareness. Thematic essays cover cultural categories and vital aspects of Judaism such as its relationship with Christianity and Islam; the holocaust; Judaism and modern feminism; psychoanalysis; Jewish humour and many other topics. The articles and biographies have been written by leading scholars and academics, musicians, artists, and experts on theatre, dance, chess and cooking. It is a book which explores the complex interrelationship of the Jews and the modern world.From Library Journal:
This encyclopedic guide to modern Jewish culture offers a feast of learning. Focusing on the Ashkenazi-Western culture, it provides over 1100 entries by an international group of scholars. The format of the work resembles that of the Oxford Companions: clear double-columned pages yield a treasure trove of easy-to-read information and analysis. There are surveys on many pressing modern-day topics, among them feminism, art, and psychoanalysis. Readers will also enjoy the insightful biographical essays on such stellar contemporaries as Woody Allen and David Mamet. We have here a compulsively readable reference work. Highly recommended for most libraries.
-Paul Kaplan, Highland Park P.L., Ill.
Copyright 1990 Reed Business Information, Inc.
"Sobre este título" puede pertenecer a otra edición de este libro.
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Insert - Under Cabinet Range Hoods
Under cabinet range hoods and inserts offer a minimalist approach to kitchen ventilation. By concealing all or part of the hood inside a cabinet (or a custom-built enclosure), the range hood blends in with the rest of the cabinetry, for a totally seamless look, or a minimal "accent" instead of a noticeable hood.
Under Cabinet (Cabinet Insert) Range Hoods
One of the most important appliances in the kitchen is the range hood. It removes airborne grease, takes care of steam and odors, and makes the cooking process much more comfortable. But what if the kitchen design is minimalist or subtle, and the homeowner doesn't want a noticeable hood to dominate the cooking area?
The answer is an under-cabinet range hood. This type of range hood is completely or partially concealed inside the cabinet, with only a minimal portion of the hood being noticeable. Futuro Futuro offers several models of hoods designed to completely "disappear" inside a cabinet, such as the Insert-Liner and Shade models.
Insert-Liner Undercabinet Range Hoods
Our selection of undercabinet range hoods includes the "Insert-Liner" series, which offers the best of Italian craftsmanship and advanced ventilation technology in a compact, easy-to-install package. The "Insert-Liner" hoods are designed to completely disappear into the cabinet, and include a wireless remote control for the ultimate convenience.
"Insert-Liner" undercabinet range hood
Insert-Liner range hood installed in cabinetry
Shade Undercabinet Range Hoods
The "Shade" series of range hoods is designed for easy installation into cabinetry, and features a movable glass panel that helps to protect the cabinet from heat and moisture damage. Availabe in 36-inch and 48-versions, the "Shade" range hoods are an economical, easy-to-install ventilation solution for minimalist kitchen designs.
"Shade" undercabinet range hood
- Available versions:
- 36" Shade Range Hood
- 48" Shade Range Hood
"Shade" undercabinet range hood
Insert-Liner VS Shade
One of the most common questions we get about our undercabinet range hoods is, "what's the difference between the 'Insert-Liner' and 'Shade' series hoods, and which should I choose?". There are several differences between these model lines:
Insert-Liner is completely concealed inside the cabinet, and can even be recessed deeper than the bottom of the cabinet (to create a "capture box" effect and help with capture performance). The Shade model features a movable glass panel, designed to aid with capture performance as well as protect the front of the cabinet from heat/moisture damage, and it's designed to be mounted at the bottom of the cabinet - not recessed.
The control panel on the Insert-Liner models is on the bottom of the unit, while the control panel of the Shade model is on the front of the unit.
The Shade model is available in 36-inch and 48-inch versions, designed to match the most popular cooktop/range widths. The Insert-Liner series is available in 22-inch, 32-inch, and 42-inch versions.
Using Wall Hoods As Undercabinet
Another option, besides using a hood that's designed for in-cabinet / under-cabinet installation, is using a regular wall-mount hood, but installing it partially inside the cabinet. Most wall-mount range hoods can also be installed in an under-cabinet application - the blower and chimney will be concealed inside the cabinet, and only the horizontal hood body will be visible.
Almost any wall-mount range hood with a flat horizontal body is suitable for this type of installation. Note that we recommend avoiding wall-mount hoods with curved or asymmetrical body shapes, since they present more of a design challenge.
Here are some examples of wall-mount hoods in undercabinet installations.
"Magnus" wall range hood - undercabinet installation
"Magnus" wall range hood - undercabinet installation
"Magnus" wall range hood - undercabinet installation
"Magnus" wall range hood - undercabinet installation
"Positano" wall range hood - undercabinet installation
"Positano" wall range hood - undercabinet installation
Recirculating Undercabinet Hoods
Apartments located in high-rise condos and co-op buildings, generally do not allow outside ducting. However, you can still use a ductless (a.k.a. "recirculating") range hood to remove the airborne grease and reduce odors. The metal filters capture the grease, then an additional charcoal filter (carbon filter) traps odors, and finally the cleaned air is returned to the room.
It's possible to use a recirculating range hood in an under-cabinet installation, but some modifications would need to be made. The air suctioned in by the hood has to return to the room - it can't be trapped inside the cabinet. If the cabinets do not reach all the way to the ceiling (minimum 4" vertical clearance), then the simplest solution is to cut a hole in the top panel of the cabinet, run a short piece of duct from the blower to the hole, and let the air disperse through the hole on top. (Using a duct section is strongly recommended, in order to avoid saturating the inside of the cabinet with moisture-laden, hot air, which will damage or warp the cabinetry over time).
If the cabinets are ceiling-height, it's still possible to install a recirculating in-cabinet hood, but since such installations present their own specific issues, we recommend having your contractor / builder / designer contact us us to discuss the available options.
High Quality Undercabinet Range Hoods
All Futuro Futuro range hood products are made in Italy, crafted from the highest-grade AISI 304 stainless steel. Combining European craftsmanship with the best available materials, and cutting-edge technology, creates best-in-class kitchen ventilation solutions. And since they're pre-assembled and pre-wired, they're ready to install into any cabinet or custom hood enclosure.


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I was most satisfied with the speed and quality to which the work was done. I would like to recognize the crew leader and the salesman we first met with.
*See actual warranty for complete details, limitations or eligibility requirements.
Harmony Home Improvement is an independent contractor and is not an affiliate of Owens Corning Roofing and Asphalt, LLC or its affiliated companies.
THE PINK PANTHER ™ & © 1964-2017 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Studios Inc. All Rights Reserved.


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Backed by warplanes, Syrian government troops pushed yesterday into the central districts of the city of Homs in an effort to oust rebels from the country's third largest urban center, activists said. The regime pounded rebel-held districts with artillery and carried at least one airstrike on a residential neighborhood, killing seven people, four of them children, said the Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. President Bashar Assad's troops regained control of the Wadi Sayeh district in the center of Homs by early yesterday morning, the Observatory said. The neighborhood is strategically important for the government as its forces try to dislodge opposition fighters from several central districts that have been under rebel control for more than a year. In the northern city of Aleppo, rebels overran the headquarters of Assad's anti-terrorism forces, according to the Aleppo Media Center activists group. The building's capture was the latest in a string of rebel victories in Aleppo as opposition fighters try to expand their hold within the city, Syria's largest. The building is located near the central prison where many of Assad's opponents, activists and their family members are believed to be held. Fighters have for weeks battled government troops in the area in an attempt to storm the facility and free the prisoners. The Observatory, which relies on a network of activists on the ground, said regime jets also hit the northern city of Raqqa, killing eight people there yesterday. In early March, Raqqa became the first urban center to fall entirely under the opposition's control. Also yesterday, Assad's warplanes hit several targets in Damascus province, including rebel positions in neighborhoods around the capital, as well as targets in the southern city of Daraa, the Observatory said. Opposition activists also reported fierce clashes between Assad's troops and rebels near Aleppo's international airport. Aleppo, Syria's main commercial hub, has been carved up into opposition- and government-held areas since the rebels launched an offensive there last summer, capturing several districts and villages and towns around the city, which is near the border with Turkey. Meanwhile, five Turkish security officers and two civilians were wounded yesterday after Syrians trying to cross over into Turkey randomly opened fired in a border buffer zone, officials said. "It started as a minor stone-and-stick clash when our security forces warned Syrians," who were trying to cross the common border in large numbers, said Abdulhakim Ayhan, mayor of the border town of Akcakale. "One police officer is severely injured and the other six were mildly hurt," he added. Source: ArabNews
GMT 04:02 2017 Saturday ,23 SeptemberAir strikes kill 22 in northwest Syria
GMT 18:59 2017 Monday ,18 SeptemberSyria troops closer to besieging IS
GMT 06:16 2017 Sunday ,17 SeptemberDaesh surrender to gov't forces
GMT 16:44 2017 Saturday ,16 SeptemberSyrian forces fire 20 GGM toward Damascus
GMT 22:14 2017 Friday ,08 SeptemberSyria says Israel bombed military base
GMT 19:55 2017 Friday ,08 SeptemberSome Syrian schools erase Assad, but tensions rise over teaching of Kurdish
GMT 14:55 2017 Thursday ,07 SeptemberSyria: UN probe documents use of chemical weapons and other crimes against civilians
GMT 05:25 2017 Wednesday ,06 SeptemberHezbollah, Syrian army seek new route for stranded Daesh convoy


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It's quite obvious that the main reason to want to stay in this hotel is the spectacular view over the mountains that the hotel's high altitude offers. This is why we chose it, and we weren't disappointed.
Also, the rooms were modernly equipped, and very clean. Breakfast was alright, and the staff reasonably helpful/friendly.
Sleep quality was not great, although it wasn't the hotel's fault: the church (which is right next to the hotel) rings its unbelievably loud bell every morning at 7, and then later at 8AM or so we would be awoken by some rather uncivilised tourists who wanted to make an early (and noisy) start to each day.
Other than that, this is definitely the kind of hotel you'll want to be coming back to.
Tip: unless you have lots of luggage, park your car at the bottom of the hill (at the level of the lake), and take the funicular to climb up to the hotel; it will probably not be more expensive than the fuel, and you will be much more relaxed, as the drive up the narrow road is long and brutal, and on the other hand the funicular is fast and fun.
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Evoline ltd, Booking.com, Expedia APAC, Wotif.com, Hotels.com, TripOnline SA, lastminute.com.au and Cancelon so you can book your Vista Lago reservations with confidence. We help millions of travellers each month to find the perfect hotel for both holiday and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Vista Lago Brunate, Lake Como, Italy
- Vista Lago Hotel Brunate


text:
Buckinghamshire England
Furzton Dental Centre
Furzton Dental Centre
01908 50560701908 505607
01908 50560801908 505608
Description Furzton Dental Centre
DentistMK.co.uk is the online home to our group of dental surgeries and a specialist centre based in the county of Buckinghamshire. The majority of our practices are located in Milton Keynes, however we do have practices in Bletchley and Olney. We currently provide Private, CDP, Pay as You Go treatment at all our practices and NHS* and Private, CDP, Pay as You Go treatment to patients at Walnut Dental Centre.
Keywords:Dental Crowns, White Fillings, Cosmetic Dental Care, Disabled Parking Yes
ServicesDental Implants, Dental Bridges, Dental Veneers
CategoriesDentist, Dental Practice, Dental Clinic
FacilitiesDisabled parking (yes), Disabled WC (yes), Induction loop (no), Signing service available (no), Wheelchair access (yes), Car Parking (yes)
Furzton Dental Centre is listed in the following categories:
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text:
Sunday 30 June 1963
It was Sunday, under the sign of Cancer. The US president was John F. Kennedy (Democratic).
Famous people born on this day include Paul Dujardin and Yngwie Malmsteen.
In that special week of June people in US were listening to Sukiyaki by Kyu Sakamoto.
In UK From Me To You by The Beatles was in the top 5 hits.
Summer Magic, directed by James Neilson, was one of the most viewed movies released in 1963
while Seven Days In May by Fletcher Knebel and Charles W. Bailey II was one of the best selling books.
On TV people were watching Die fünfte Kolonne.
But much more happened that day: find out below..
You can also have a look at the whole 1963 or at June 30 across the years.
Old Newspapers
Have a look at the old newspapers from 30 June 1963 and get them!
Which were the most popular movies released in the last 30 days ?
TV Series
Which were the most popular TV series released in the last months ?
Find out your future
Get a FREE Numerology report based on the digits of 30 June 1963!
Wish him/her..
Historical Events
Which were the important events of 30 June 1963 ?
- Independence Day in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- First Martyrs of the See of Rome.
Famous Birthdays:
- Paul Dujardin: Belgian art historian and Director-general of the Centre for Fine Arts (BOZAR) in Brussels.
- Yngwie Malmsteen: Swedish guitarist.
- Rupert Graves: Actor (Damage, Handful of Dust, Maurice).
- Olha Bryzhina: Ukrainian sprinter.
- Kathy Whitworth wins LPGA Carvel Ladies Golf Open
- Cardinal Montini elected Pope Paul VI, 262nd head of Roman Catholic Church.
- Ciaculli massacre: a car bomb, intended for Mafia boss Salvatore Greco, kills seven between police officers and military personnel near Palermo.
Where were your ancestors 100 years before 30 June 1963
Discover their stories. Preserve your legacy.
Our team of professional genealogists provide full-service genealogical research for clients worldwide, helping them discover their roots and personal history through records, narratives, and DNA.
Subscribe to our Newsletter
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...and if 30 June 1963 was your Birth Date then Join our Birthday Club!
Music Charts
Which were the top hits in that special week of June 1963 ?
Top #10 songs in the USA
- Kyu Sakamoto - Sukiyaki
- Lesley Gore - It's My Party
- Barbara Lewis - Hello Stranger
- Bobby Vinton - Blue On Blue
- The Essex - Easier Said Than Done
- Nat King Cole - Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days Of Summer
- The Chiffons - One Fine Day
- The Dovells - You Can't Sit Down
- Lonnie Mack - Memphis
- Jan & Dean - Surf City
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Crispy Fried Chicken — almost unreasonably cheap
Vietnamese-owned Louisiana style
Ian Anderson 12:48 p.m., Sept. 26
Lovely ladies with sign at Medical Marijuana rally downtown at Federal Building.
Image posted by Gail Powell
July 25, 2012
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In a one-sentence order today, the Supreme Court granted a temporary stay, until at least July 25th, which would allow Maryland Police to collect DNA samples from suspects who have been arrested and charged with a violent crime, before they have been convicted. The ruling temporarily stays a 2011 decision by the Maryland Court of Appeals, which held such collections unconstitutional.
Prior to 2009, Maryland Police had only been permitted to collect DNA samples from suspects AFTER they had been convicted. But in 2009, new legislation was passed that allowed the collection of DNA as soon as a suspect was charged with specific crimes, BEFORE they had actually been convicted.
The issue was brought before the Maryland Court of Appeals in 2011, in King v. State. Maryland's highest court ruled that by taking a suspect's DNA and comparing it against samples taken from older crime scenes, the Police had violated the suspect's Fourth Amendment rights against unreasonable search and seizures.
This issue is not limited to Maryland, it is an issue that is being addressed across the nation. In a similar case arising under California law, People v. Buza, the Court of Appeal of California ruled that "that the seizure of [a suspect's] DNA at a time when he was entitled to the presumption of innocence, and there had been no judicial determination of probable cause to believe he committed the offense for which he was arrested, violated his Fourth Amendment right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures."
While courts in at two states, Maryland and California, have determined that pre-conviction DNA collection is unconstitutional, Federal courts have not been as quick to denounce the practice. In Haskell v. Harris, decided in February 2012, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals rejected a challenge to such a law, finding that the warrantless DNA collection was a reasonable search under the Fourth Amendment.
It is unclear how today's ruling will ultimately affect Maryland Police. Maryland Governor O'Malley called the decision "encouraging" in an article in today's Baltimore Sun, but he did not state whether he wanted Maryland Police to resume collecting DNA samples immediately.
What is clear is that the constitutionality of pre-conviction DNA collections is being spotlighted across the country. With multiple contradictory rulings at the State and Federal levels, and with today's ruling, temporary as it is, bringing the issue back to the table, the Supreme Court may choose to hear the issue as a whole in the next few years. Liberty University School of Law professor, Ken Klukowski, stated in the same Baltimore Sun article, "[t]he granting of the stay indicates that it is more likely than it previously was that the Supreme Court would take the case." With only about 1% of the 8000 cases appealed to the Supreme Court being heard each year, "[the state] went from having very long odds to an uphill climb" to have the case heard in full.
Related articles
- Roberts: Maryland can resume DNA collection (wbaltv.com)
- Maryland Court of Appeals to the Left of Liberal 9th Circuit (heritage.org)
- King v. Maryland Fourth Amendment Case Headed for U.S. Supreme Court (songylaw.com)
- The Argument Against DNA Tests for Felony Suspects (blogs.lawyers.com)


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Find another surgeon to do eyes. He had decent bedside manner but I had a bad outcome. Loads of complications and scarring.
If you are thinking of double eyelid surgery, please reconsider! I saw Dr. Chen several years ago and asked for low, tapered creases, and ended up with a high parallel crease on one eye and a lower tapered crease on the other. My results are asymmetrical and unnatural (obviously surgical). I regret it every day and it's impossible to revise, so I'm permanently stuck with a ruined face and a ruined life. In my case, Dr. Chen's "expert" knowledge did not translate into surgical results.
I contacted Dr Chen 4 yrs ago and was uncertain about surgery. He never pushed or was impatient with me because I needed time. He always answered questions and listened well. I contacted surgeons and ophthalmologists. None put me at ease like Dr. Chen. His specialization in the eye and expert understanding of asian eyes made him the only choice for me. This month I had the procedure and am happy with my results. Dr. Chen listened to what I wanted & expertly carried out what we discussed.
The best doctor for Asian eyelids. He makes it so natural and the recovery is quick. He is aways available to answer questions. I was so impressed I flew from out of state to use him for the second time. The first time was 20 years ago.
I had double eyelid surgery with Dr. Chen in February and traveled from the east coast to do so. Dr. Chen made me feel very comfortable and understood my vision. He was very gentle during surgery and I did not feel any pain afterwards. I had a little bruising and swelling on my eyes, which is normal, but they healed rather quickly. I know I still have some healing left to do since it's only been about a month, but I love the results so far. My coworkers keep commenting on how natural it looks!
Dr. Chen did a revision on one of my droopy eyelid. The ptosis occurred after I had an upper blepharoplasty performed by another doctor (well known in the media and "realself") in Beverly Hills. I'm almost 3 month post-op and I couldn't be any happier with my results. My only regret is not going to him first. I was fortunate enough to hear about him on an online forum. My whole experience from the free consultation to the post op has been wonderful. I will be forever grateful to Dr. Chen!!!
Dr. Chen is the best of the best. Surgery around the eye is measured in millimeters. He is a true master!
Dr. Chen is a truly AMAZING doctor. He is genuine, caring, confident, assertive and precise. Through the whole process, from the consultation to the operation and the post op followup, I was never afraid. I had total confidence in Dr. Chen as he did himself. I am more than happy with the results. I admire Dr. Chen his commitment to himself , his patients make him the best at what he does. I absolutely and enthusiastically recommend him. He "CARES"!
Dr Cben is worth flying across the the US for. He did my surgery 22 years ago and again this year. I wouldn't go anywhere else. He will guarantee you a very natural look. If your afraid to look contrived and artificial than he is the person to see. He listens and has the best bed side manner. The surgery was painless and done under local. I didn't even need Tylenol after surgery. I'm in plastic surgery and flew to Dr Chen because I wanted the best and would never compromise on my face. He is #1
Dr. Chen is a wonderful doctor who is not only a specialist in performing eyelid surgeries, but also a caring doctor. I had two previous eyelid surgeries that failed and Dr. Chen were able to fix my problem. He also checked up frequently after the surgery.
Dr. Chen is an extremely talented surgeon. His surgical skills is precise and amazing. Not only that, Dr. Chen is patient and attentive to all your concerns and questions. I have consulted various doctors for the blepharoplasty. Dr. Chen made me feel very comfortable with going forth with this procedure I have been wanting for years. I also flew from the East coast to have this procedure done by Dr. Chen. Dr C and his staff made this whole experience a very smooth one. Definitely worth the trip!
Dr. Chen is amazing! He is the most knowledgeable doc in his field, which is why people from all over the world come to see him. I recently visited his office because another surgeon messed up my eyes. I was so touched by his thoughtfulness, communication skills, and level of knowledge. I regret not coming to him from the beginning. This man is the real deal. He knows his stuff (he writes the textbooks that medical students use) yet he's humble and down to earth. Even his staff are wonderful.
Before coming to Dr. Chen, I researched doctors throughout California who could perform the eyelid surgery I needed. I had never had surgery before, so I was very nervous about finding the right doctor. All of those concerns floated away once I consulted Dr. Chen. Dr. Chen has a warm bedside manner, listens attentively to patient concerns, and is incredibly knowledgeable - he truly is the leading expert in his field. Four months post-surgery, I am beyond happy with the results! Thank you!!!
Adjacent Tissue Transfer
Canthoplasty And Canthopexy
Cosmetic Eyelid Surgery
Cosmetic Facial Surgery
Destruction Of Benign Skin Lesion
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Eye Surgery
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See more group practices in Long Beach.
CA, Long Beach, CA, 90815
Long Beach
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(562) 452-7700
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Dr. William Chen, MD
Plastic Surgery


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Celery Seeds, Ground
Price: $1.15
Product ID : 1277064
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Celery Seeds (Apium Graveolens) are the tiny brown seeds from the head of the celery plant. They add the flavor of fresh celery and can be used when ever celery would be called for. Use sparingly, over use of the seeds can result in a bitter flavor. Celery dates from the 17th century; it was developed from wild celery that was found in the salt marshes of Europe. Celery Seeds are often ground and mixed with other spices to make a seasoning used on meat before grilling. Celery Seeds can be ground and mixed with salt to make Celery Salt. The seeds can also be sprinkled on salads and cooked vegetables prior to serving. Ground Celery Seeds add a wonderful savory flavor to soups and stews.
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Blue skies outside Topshop HQ have got us dreaming of ice cream, lazy days in the park and finally going tights-free. Summer is just around the corner and we cannot wait. What's more, LA band DWNTWN has added to our sunshine-will-be-back-soon vibe with their new track 'Til Tomorrow.' Taken from the group's upcoming EP, sun-soaked pop and dreamy synths merge together though breezy boy/girl vocals to create a sound that was made for driving through the Hollywood Hills with the windows down. We caught up with girl-in-the-group, Jamie, to talk fashion, tacos and break-ups. Oh and a bit about the music too…
How was DWNTWN born?
A few years ago Robert and I were both going through break-ups and my ex just so happened to be his brother. We would hang out together and write songs about our heartache!
How would you describe your sound to someone who's never heard it before?
A friend once told us that our songs "make you dance to words that should make you cry." I've always loved that description.
Where did you write 'Til Tomorrow?'
We were house sitting a mansion in the Hollywood Hills and ended up with this song about feeling stuck in a stale routine while everyone around us seems to be moving forward, or living in mansions. Not that we want to live in a mansion… but maybe moving out of our parents basement would be nice!
What influences your sound?
Kurt Cobain's pretty face, Bob Dylan interviews, Burritos from El Chato, Stevie Nicks' voice and late night drives to see Crystal Castles.
You've been compared to bands like Postal Service and M83. Would you agree?
That's a huge compliment! Those are both bands we really love, so it's an honour that people are hearing similarities between us.
Any funny stories from your latest tour?
We always have a crazy night when we're in Salt Lake City, Utah. I don't know what it is about the place, but people go nuts, and we love it! Last time we played, everyone got on stage with us during our last song. They stole the mic from me and started yelling the lyrics, and then insisted that our drummer play a giant solo once the song was done. We can't wait to go back!
Who's your style crush?
Robert idolises Kurt Cobain and Johnny Cash, so he's all about that grungy country look. I'll wear anything that looks like Stevie Nicks might have worn it.
Any favourite outfits to perform in?
I love performing in floor length lace dresses. I have a handmade vintage one I can't stop wearing. It's got a beautiful embroidered high neck, and takes about ten minutes for someone to button me into it.
Hot tips for an LA trip?
You have to eat tacos in LA. Our favourite spots are El Taurino and El Chato, which are both super authentic. Get the Al Pastor tacos – you won't be sorry! As for shopping, I'm going to be totally honest – our go-to spot is Topshop, so I'm pretty sure you know all about that!
If you could collaborate with any artist (dead or alive) who would it be?
Probably Mozart, it would be the most unreal experience ever! He'd be going on and on about something in German while we just nodded our heads and smiled at him. And at the end of the session chances are we'd end up with a hit song… I mean it is Mozart; the original hit machine.
'Til Tomorrow' will be released as part of the 'DWNTWN' EP, due out 29 April.


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Compared to the rest of the Washington D.C. market, the Braddock Road Metro region has more expensive rates, and you'll have to negotiate above asking rent to be in this hot region.
In the last 90 days, 44 listings have been listed, so you'll want to check back regularly for new listings. About 9% of the available leases in the Braddock Road Metro are subleases, so you will probably need to sign a longer term lease with the landlord directly. There aren't many listings below 2,000 square feet on the market, so finding a space for a small business might be tough.
Even though the median size is 4,700 sqft, there are still 0 leases below 2,000 sqft. Most properties in this market are approximately 2 stories. Most buildings in this market were built in 1960 and are Class B.
Not much of the real estate is used for commercial space, so it might be hard to find office space. Arts, entertainment, and restaurants are the dominant industries in this region. Commute by bike is the most popular way to get to work amongst Braddock Road Metro folk. Commuting more than an hour and a half a day is the norm for those who opt to reside in this part of town.
Real time and historical data on commercial real estate listings in Braddock Road Metro.
Get email notifications when new listings are posted that match your requirements.


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In the final episode of our look at the events of the Montreal Screwjob, it's finally time to say 'Goodbye' to a man who's been a bigger part of our podcast than anyone else – Bret 'The Hitman' Hart. In Episode 81 of 'The New Generation Project Podcast' we break down "Wrestling With Shadowsâ€, the documentary that follows the final year of 'The Hitman's' WWF career. In addition to that, we run down a list of Bret's best WWF matches from our timeline.
If you've never seen the film before, or perhaps fancy a re-watch, it's available to view for free on the Canadian National Film Board's website at the following link - https://www.nfb.ca/film/hitman_hart_wrestling_with_shadows/
Want to give a little something back to the show? Head on over to www.patreon.com/newgenpodcast for details on how to pledge!
Licence : All Rights Reserved


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hello beautiful soul, if you want more information about the illuminati organization read the posts on facebook page "i will be illuminated"thanks for accepting my friend request, https://www.facebook.com/I-will-be-illuminated-957449191056510/
Please Check my page (✿◠‿◠) Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DonquixoteTraf/ Instagram:https://www.instagram.com/trafdonquixote Twitter:https://twitter.com/blond_in_glass If You want to see me at an event in your country, then write to me at My e-mail:email@example.com
Hi I'm Christina(Chris) creator of Undepundable. I'm costumer for film & T.V. primarily working as a Ager/dyer or 'Breakdown Artist.' I have many passions, quirks, and interests. I'm currently trying to learn basic circuitry and lighting and can;t wait to involve it in more of my projects. Cosplaying since 2008.
I'm a Canadian Cosplayer! I speak French and English ^^ ★Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pages/A%C4%90ORA-Cosplay/885789728113673?fref=ts ★Instagram: @adoracos ★DA: http://adoracosplay.deviantart.com/
Hello! I am Anna. Welcome to my page! I am a cosplayer from Russia. I started cosplay since 2013. All costumes and doing craft itself. I like to travel and computer games :-P My page in VK - https://vk.com/id32971336 My page in Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/tora.cosplay/ My page in Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100015644580124 My page in DeviantArt - http://taygakis.deviantart.com/
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Hiya! Thanks for checking out my profile! :D I'm a cosplayer from Toronto, Canada, and I've been "seriously" cosplaying since 2015. I'm a big, silly nerd, and a huge goof. I'm also real friendly, I swear :P Check out my other sites to see more of my stuff! ;D Facebook: www.facebook.com/galacticreptilecosplay Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/galacticreptile/ DeviantArt: http://galactic-reptile.deviantart.com
I'm Tsuki Hime, french cosplayer since 2009 but starting a new adventure in 2016. I really love Pokémon and Japanese Idols (real or virtual !). I'm musician (bass, guitar and ocarina). You can also follow me on Facebook : Tsuki Hime Cosplay On instagram : tsuki_hime_cosplay Line ID : tsuki-sama-cosplay Snow : tsuki-sama29 Patreon : https://www.patreon.com/tsukisamacosplay For French people : Snapchat : tsukiueda YouTube : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCc-MI8PWTqIOX_KSXhbctkg
•Deviantart• http://chibiwrath17.deviantart.com/ Here you can find drawings,cosplays and random things xD •Facebook• https://www.facebook.com/Cos.Chibi •Flickr• https://www.flickr.com/photos/137930363@N04/ •Instagram• https://instagram.com/chibiwrath/ •Pinterest• https://es.pinterest.com/chibixcosplay/
Hi there! You can call me Sei. Let's bring kindness and colorness to our community ;) LANG: English - Français FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Seikatsu-Cosplay/286603314870462
Crossplaying since 2009 Expect feminine cosplay on Doomsday(s)... or not Sparkles extraordinaire, Disney enthusiast, Details freak
Greetings, my friends. I'm Charlesworth Gomes. I live in Queens New York, and I'm in the house. I play my action toys, play the computer, listen to my radio, watch the TV, and play the video game in my room. So, I got my digital camera, and I take a pictures of cosplay costumes and Halloween costumes. That's always love you to all my friends. Have a good day. :-)


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Rivers: A Novel - Michael Farris Smith
The writing is very good; fast paced, descriptive and atmospheric. I enjoyed the writing. The characters are good with interesting back stories. However, I'm not coming away feeling as though they were completely developed. The story is good but it felt a bit predictable at the end.